There are five areas in Kyoto, that you can see a Geisha in daily lives. Those Geisha districts are called "Hanamachi" or "Kagai" in Japanese. Around this Geisha district, there are lots of places related, such as tea houses and Okiya; a place where the Geisha stay. Even just visiting a Geisha district is full of atmosphere, and an experience that you can take home as a souvenir. In this article, I would like to introduce the difference between the five Geisha districts.
There are currently five active Geisha districts in Kyoto. "Gokagai" means five Geisha district in Japanese. The five Geisha districts are, Kamishichiken, Gion Kobu, Ponto-Cho, Miyagawa-Cho, and Gion Higashi. The names of the Geisha districts are the names of the area. In each area, there is a Kaburenjo which means a place to practice the traditional culture; such as Japanese dancing and tea ceremonies.
The history of Kamishichiken is the longest than the other four Geisha districts. It is located in the northwest area of Kyoto city, and just east of Kitano Tenmangu Shrine. Kamishichiken is the least famous Geisha district than the other four Hanamachi. It is said because of the other four areas is near downtown, but Kamishichiken is a little far from downtown.
Kamishichiken began as a tea stall and prospered at the area near Kitano Tenmangu Shrine. It is located in the northwest area of Kyoto city, and just east of from the shrine. Kamishichiken is deeply ingrained in the culture of one Geisha district. The meaning of Kamishichiken in Japanese is, "Seven Upper Houses". This refers to the seven teahouses built from the equipment and material left over when rebuilding Kitano Tenmangu Shrine in the old days. The seven tea houses were first made for the visitors to take a rest. Kamishichiken is also located near the center of the city's weaving and textile industry, Nishijin. Therefore, around Kamishichiken you can find shops that sell Nishijin textile. Maybe buying a souvenir at the shopping area is nice.
The motif of the district crest is a dango; Japanese traditional sweets that are served at tea houses (the second photograph). Gion Kobu and Gion Higashi use the same dango as a motif, but the number of the dango are different. Kamishichiken uses five dango that are connected in two rows.
At Kamishichiken, the Geisha follow the Hanayagi-ryu style of Kyo-mai dancing. Kitano Odori (March 25th – April 7th) and Kotobuki Kai (October 8 – 12) are the shows popular at Kamishichiken. Another difference is the Maiko beer garden that is held in summer. Getting served and having a conversation with a Maiko is a very rare experience to have. If you are interested in Maiko beer garden, check more details at Ms.Kuriyama's article, "Maiko Beer Garden Experience in Kamishichiken, Kyoto".
Gion Kobu is the most famous and biggest Geisha district in Kyoto. The numbers of the Geisha are the most largest from the other four Geisha district. It is a chance to might find out the type of girl you like by the numbers of the Geisha.
Gion Kobu was originally one Hanamachi called Gion. It divided into two Hanamachi many years ago to Gion Kobu and Gion Higashi. Gion Kobu is larger than Gion Higashi, and is occupying most of the district except the northeast corner of Gion. It is located south side of Shijo street, and north side of Hanamikoji street.
The number of the Geisha are declining in the last one hundred years even in Gion Kobu, but is still a popular and famous place for the preservation of forms for entertainment and traditional architecture. Even now, people can enjoy the traditional architecture and the distinctive atmosphere that is protected by Kyoto City and the people in Gion.
Gion Kobu and Gion Higashi started as a tea stall in front of Yasaka shrine. After the days as a tea stall, it became a famous official licensed Geisha district in Kyoto. Until 1881, Gion Kobu and Gion Higashi was the same Geisha district. The motif of the district crest is a dango same as Kamishichiken. However the connection and the numbers of the dango are different. At Gion Kobu, eight dangos are connected in a row. Gion Kobu is also been declared as an area of natural history preservation. Which means to protect the appearance of the town, and to look the houses and buildings in the area the same as they have been when Kyoto was the capital a long time ago. Gion Kobu covers the South side of Shijo street and north side of Hanamikoji street.
Gion Kobu follows Inoue style of Kyo-mai dancing. It is also famous for Miyako Odori (April 1 – April 30) that is held when the cherry blossoms are blooming, and the Onshu Kai (October 1 – 6). At Gion Kobu Kaburenjo Theater, there is a famous place called Gion Corner. It is a place where people can enjoy six different Japanese traditional culture including Geisha performance. Having an experience of six different Japanese traditional culture at once from ¥3,150- is a rare experience to have. If you are interested in Gion Corner, please check the details from, "Gion Corner -Stage Of Maiko Performance-".
Ponto-cho is another famous Geisha district in Kyoto. It is well known for traditional teahouses and Kaburenjo; where they practice their skills. Not only that, Ponto-cho is famous for the beautiful preservation of forms of traditional architecture and a place full of atmospheric dining areas. Ponto-cho is one road through Sanjo and Shijo street. It is only 500 meters long, and one block west of the Kamo-gawa river. In the north side of Ponto-cho, there is the Ponto-cho Kaburenjo Theater.
Ponto-cho is between Kamo river and Takase river. In the old days, it was an important place for the boats to carry the luggage and the people to transport. In 1712′, a tea stall (a roadside tea house where people could relax and have tea) was born around this area. It was made for the travelers who mainly used the boat to travel around this area in those days. In 1859′, Ponto-cho became an official licenced Hanamachi and became famous as a Geisha district in Kyoto. The district crest is the water plover; "Chidori" in Japanese.
The Ponto-cho Kaburenjo Theater is right next to the river. And Ponto-cho is a narrowed straight street. People can feel the difference of the seasons and enjoy the night at this Hanamachi. Ponto-cho follows Ogami style of Japanese dancing. In spring, Kamogawa Odori (May 1st – May 24th), and in autumn, they hold Meisui Kai.
Miyagawa-cho is the second biggest geisha district in Kyoto. There are 40 tea houses, and around 80 Geisha and Maiko belong to this association. Miyagawa-cho is located south west of Gion and east side of Kamo-gawa river between Shijo street and Gojo street.
Miyagawa-cho has a very close connection with Kabuki. It is also physically close to the Kabuki Theater Minamiza, and has more than 260 years of history. Miyagawa-cho first began as a Shibai-chaya (tearoom is attached to a theater). Therefore, you can't cut of the relationship with Kabuki. The district crest is three interconnected rings. This is symbolizing the unity of the temples and shrines, the tea houses, and the traditional townhouses. In some places in Miyagawa-cho, it has been declared as an area of natural history preservation.
Miyagawa-cho used to follow Shinozuka style of Japanese dancing and Umemoto style of Japanese dancing, but now follows Wakayanagi style of Japanese dancing. Every year in April Miyagawa-cho holds a recital named Kyo Odori. In October they hold a recital named Mizue Kai. Not only the recitals, the beer gardens are held at Miyagawa-cho. People can enjoy having a conversation with the Maiko and Geisha, but the difference to Kamishichiken beer garden is that the people can enjoy the Maiko and Geisha performance while drinking and eating food.
Gion Higashi is small Hanamachi and occupies the northeast corner of Gion. In the center of Gion Higashi, there is the rehearsal hall; Gion Kaikan. Gion Higashi used to follow Shinozuka style of Japanese dancing and Inoue style of Japanese dancing, but now following Fujima style of Japanese dancing. The area covers the east side of Gion; Hanamikoji street and Higashioji street, and north side of Shijo street. Right now, nine tea houses are continuing business. The nine tea houses are very near that people can easily visit by walking around Gion Higashi.
As I wrote in Gion Kobu, the beginning of this Geisha district started as a tea stall in front of Yasaka shrine. After the days as a tea stall, it became one of the prosperous licensed Hanamachi in Kyoto. In 1881, Gion Geisha district divided into Gion Kobu and Gion Otsubo (Gion Higashi), and two Geisha district was born. In 1949′, Gion Otsubu had changed the name to Gion Higashi Shinchi, and started be recognized as Gion Higashi in 1955. Gion Higashi is also been declared as an area of natural history preservation. The district crest is same as Gion Kobu. The motif of the district crest is a dango, but eight dangos are connected in a circle.
As you can see from the graph, there are lots of event to meet a Geisha. Such as "Miyako no Nigiwai (Five Geisha District Joint Recital)", is also an event that you can't miss. It is a chance once in a year to see the all star Geisha from the five Geisha districts. It is a very rare day to watch the Geisha cooperating the public performance. As you can see from the graph, there are lots of event to meet a Geisha. Don't miss the chance to watch the event by your eyes.
We are proud to offer an excellent opportunity for foreign visitors to Kyoto to meet and interact directly with Geisha, at an exceptional price, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday from 6 pm to 8 pm. This tour includes dinner, an English guide, watching a traditional dance performance, and be able to play a unique game with the Geisha.


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I'll give these a go. Good review. Loving the new look site too.
I want to try these but it scares me that they are still red in the middle when cooked. I know it doesn't matter because it's not really meat but I'm not sure I could convince myself.
Iceland has also promised to stop using palm oil in their products and to stop using plastic packaging. More reasons to go to Iceland and not Farmfoods. Thanks for the review.
Great review – I tried them last week (I was just looking for a review to send my sister who doesn't believe that something from Iceland could be nice haha!) and they're lovely. Best at-home vegan junk food I've had I think!
I can't remember what a berf burger tastes like as its been 20 something years but thia was delicious and I didnt think it looked bloody at all. I opted for 10 mins under grill thena few mins in a pan!
The oven is definitely the best way to cook them to avoid some of the pinkness others have complained about.
I agree about the burger and oven method. I discovered them by chance as have only been a vegan for a year and am still searching for good substututes on my journey. 'Cheese' that melt and tastes cheesy is still problem so if anyone knows of any let me know. I will try the FYH ones. The FYH veganaise mayo is also pretty amazing.
Just swallowed two of tbese . As a Vegetarian/vegan for 6 years who returned to eating meat for the past 16 years but who's conscience was re tweaked over 18 months ago and returned to being fully Vegan ; I have to say these are bloody amazing. I used to eat most of my beef rare and make my own burgers which the family still love but I feel these exceed anything I have ever tasted . I worked as a qualified chef for several years and was french trained and I have to say these fullfilled on texture , seasoning and taste all the prerequisites I was taught to assess food with. Well done Iceland !!
Great to hear you loved them! It will be interesting to hear what you think of Beyond Burgers when they arrive in the UK.
I was very disappointed with these?
After all the hype, I found them very mushy inside and they lacked the consistency and firmness that I would have expected of a meat burger.
I would prefer the Linda Mc Cartney quarter pounders in preference to these and will not be purchasing again.
They can. They can be a little bit sticky though.
Was looking around today to see who would be first to bring in the Beyond Burger – I thought it a shame that the U.K. barbeque season would be over soon without the general public trying them out. Not having been in Iceland for a very long time due to the onslaught of wild animals they annually seem to provide for their ever-experimenting meat-eating customers, I did wander in and was very much surprised by the No Bull vegetarian burgers available. I'll be back shortly to buy some along with all the necessary tomato, onions, pickles, etc. and really look forward to this much-needed taste treat that's, most of all, harmless . . .
I tried one of these for the first time this evening. Admittedly, it's several years since I've actually eaten a "proper" beefburger, but i thought the taste and texture of the No Bull burgers was very convincing. I enjoyed them. I'll certainly be having these again and it'll be great to have some decent chunky veggie/vegan burgers for the barbecue in the Summer.


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text:
Oakland A's predictably low in preseason power rankings
Sep 14, 2021; Kansas City, Missouri, USA; Oakland Athletics catcher Sean Murphy (12) throws to first base against the Kansas City Royals during the seventh inning at Kauffman Stadium. Mandatory Credit: Jay Biggerstaff-USA TODAY Sports /
It is easy to see why very few people expect much from the Oakland A's this season. Even the most ardent of supporters would hard pressed to see where the A's would finish above .500, let alone contend for a playoff berth. While stranger things have happened, there just is not enough talent on the roster.
The experts would seem to agree. It is also not a surprise that the A's rank towards the bottom in the various preseason power rankings. Our sister site, Call to the Pen, has the A's at 26th in their preseason look around the league.
Oakland A's not feeling the love in preseason power rankings
That ranking was actually one of the higher spots from different sites. MLB.com was less optimistic, ranking the A's at 27th, ahead of only the Diamondbacks, Pirates, and Orioles. In essence, they flipped the A's and Reds from CttP's rankings.
Even that ranking was optimistic compared to ESPN.com. They have the A's ranked 28th in baseball, saying that 80 wins would be a miracle. As they noted that Sean Murphy may be their best player once Frankie Montas is traded, one can see why the A's have such a low ranking.
Meanwhile, there is CBSSports.com. Although they are not expecting a miracle either, especially after the A's traded virtually everyone that was making a respectable amount from their roster, they are at least slightly more optimistic than the other sites, putting the A's at 25th heading into the season.
These rankings should not be a surprise. The A's are not even close to the team they were last season. While the preseason, and the start of the year, are supposed to be a time of optimism, it is difficult to feel that way about the A's.
Next. Time to wake up Connie Mack. dark
White Cleat Beat /
Want your voice heard? Join the White Cleat Beat team!
The Oakland A's are not receiving much love in the preseason power rankings. Considering their fire sale, there was o reason to expect otherwise.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Band: SPIRES
Genres: Punk / Post-Rock / Post-Hardcore / Post-Metal / Screamo / Hardcore / Thrash / Doom / Ambient / Crust
Related artists: Big Kids and Acid Fast.
Country: Oakland, California USA
Song: "Eves"
Album: "Flowers and Fireworks"
Label(s): Inkblot Records / Pissart Records / The Hive
This post's artist is from the April 2015 Mix. This is track #12.
You can download: the May Mix#5 right here or get the new June 2015 Mix#6 here.
For fans of: The Power And The Glory, Baroness, Light Bearer, Curl Up And Die, Gray Ghost, His Hero Is Gone, Tragedy, Fall Of Efrafa, Creeper, Circle Takes The Square, Birch, Mesa Verde, Nous Étions, Rosetta, Ladder Devils, (old) Gaff and Back When.
SPIRES were a very short lived band from Oakland. They were something special and quite unfortunately often overlooked. I personally enjoy the LP much more than the split 12" with 1994!, but that lack of balance doesn't make the band any less interesting. Most songs clock in around the five minute mark, have a layer of rust and grit on the recordings, are jagged and discordant, are seeping with Curl Up And Die-esque growls/screams and border on space/experimental/ambient post-hardcore/post-metal/screamo.
The opener of the 2009 12"LP 'Flowers and Fireworks' is titled "Shores" and has a Back When meets Fall Of Efrafa crust/post-metal feel with some biting guitar licks as well as vocals heavy and thick enough to actually sound like they are about to drop through the floor. "Whoring the Fields" follows and is another killer song with some very interesting guitars, most notably the part at 2:20 when they pull out the clean riffs. "Through a Cold, White Beard" is a blast of the dark arctic. I imagine this being the soundtrack to hunting massive Norwegian trolls in the black of night. The song is very interesting as it weaves through a myriad of sounds and textures, as well as my personal favourite - many vocalists! "Flames for the Strays" is a typical SPIRES affair that's shorter, faster and more focused than most of the band's other tracks while "Man and Mother" is the most chaotic and heaviest of the bunch. "The Bitter's" is one of my favourites as it now reminds me of Lentic Waters and in a historical context Curl Up And Die. It's awkward, spazzy and grooving with a fantastic build that starts just before the three minute mark. My choice cut is "Eves" because it's epic as shit. If you've read my Back When post then you know how I love this kind of sound, as the song could easily have landed on Back When's 'We Sang As Ghosts' LP or Baroness' older, better material (aka 'I'-'III'.
As I mentioned I don't particularly enjoy the '1994! split' 12"LP nearly as much as 'Flowers and Fireworks' but that doesn't mean you should pass on it, just don't begin with it. The songs are much more ambient (not to say they are ambient) but the aggressiveness and urgency are toned down quite substantially, most notably on the vocals. Grab the discography taken from my vinyl. Enjoy!
2009 - Flowers and Fireworks cd/cassette/12"LP
2009 - 1994! split 12"LP
(2009) SPIRES - "Man and Mother" (from 'Flowers and Fireworks')
(2009) SPIRES - "Eves" (from 'Flowers and Fireworks')
(2009) SPIRES - "The Bitter's" (from 'Flowers and Fireworks')
(2009) SPIRES - "The Water's Edge" (from '1994!' split)
SPIRES out of print mp3 discography download
Mike Stitches 7 July 2016 at 21:51
I've got the Spires demo. Email me if you want mp3s. xthronesx@gmail.com
WE HAD A DEAL
Q AND NOT U
*** PILE / ANIMAL FACES / LIFE IN VACUUM / WORST G...
THIS DAY FORWARD
THUMBSCREW
LONELY ANIMALS
VERSUS THE MIRROR
FRANCIS BRADY
SOFT FLOORS
LITTLE TYRANT
***2015 OMSB mp3 Mix #6 (June) aka 2 YEAR ANNIVERS...


Les Enfants Terribles by Jean Cocteau. Fantastic and unique read but I suspect a lot of the beauty of the story was lost in translation.
Amsterdam by Ian McEwan. Another great read and also the winner of the 1998 Booker Prize. The second McEwan I've read (the other being Atonement many years ago) and I've decided he has the most beautiful, quiet writing. It's effective without being garish.
The Child's Book of True Crime by Chloe Hooper. This is part of my attempt to read more Australian writing but this is also a book I've been meaning to read for some time. I was not disappointed. It's a thrilling and, again, unique and different read. Not bad for a debut novel.
The Age of Reason by Jean-Paul Sartre. I've had this for a while but I've been waiting for a time where I'll be able to get right into it. I was on an existentialist movement a few months ago and got a little burnt out. This is a fantastic and, surprisingly, accessible read. Another great existential novel.
Nothing definite but perhaps another classic. And I've got a few books waiting at the library about books which are my favourite type of non-fiction – books about books. I have finally tracked down Nicholas Basbane's A Gentle Madness.
I had a really good reading week – probably since I'm lazing around at home and job hunting.
The Seance by John Harwood.
Her Fearful Symmetry by Audrey Niffennegger. It was … interesting.
The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold. This was a re-read and it was amazing.
The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupery. This was such a cute little book and I can see its longevity appeal.
The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus. I'm still dipping in and out of this. I have more time now (a curse and a blessing) that I can concentrate more on it.
The Almost Moon by Alice Sebold. Why not complete the entire Sebold reading list? She's one of my favourite writers and many have said this did not live up to her standards. I'll have to read and see.
Nothing! I have a huge pile of library books as well as the recent buys. I think I'll just close my eyes and pick one.
The Girl Who Played with Fire – Stieg Larsson. AMAZING! I'm really impressed by this series and it's such a shame Larsson died before he could see the popularity of his books. And it's sad that there will never be new material from him but I'm grateful he finished the trilogy before he died.
Seems like a slow week. I started placement work so I've been pooped and Girl isn't exactly a slim volume.
And I'm still working my way through The Seance, Emma and The Myth of Sisyphus.
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson. WOWWOWWOW!!! This book is absolutely amazing!! I initially thought it was a book about China when it was released a few years ago. Then I found out it was simply a Swedish crime/detective novel and I thought, 'so what?' and didn't really understand why it was so popular. But WOW!! The plot is so amazing. It's like Agatha Christie on steroids and crystal meth. I highly recommend it. I finished it in one day.
The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. This is re-read since I didn't really like it when I first read it but I was 16 so I think that played a part. On the latest re-read, the first as an adult, I really did enjoy it.
The Children's Book – A.S. Byatt. I've sort of given up on this. I'm about 150 pages in but it's really plodding and I have a pile of other books to read – mainly library books which are pushing me along. I've rested it and I might go back to it. It's good, but just plodding.
The Girl who Played with Fire – Stieg Larsson. The second book in the millenium trilogy.
I most recently finished Carry Me Down by M.J. Hyland which was amazing. I also finished Bibliotopia by Steven Gilbar which was a fun little read. It's basically a little book with facts about bookish things but very American centric.
The Children's Book by A.S. Byatt. It was a slightly difficult beginning and it's a hard slog sometimes but everytime I think of giving up, something grabs my attention. It's a VERY heavy book!
I also started re-reading The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger. I didn't like it when I first read in high school but due to raves of many bibliophiles, I wouldn't do it justice if I didn't give it another go. So far, so good.
Nothing really lined up aside from my huge pile of library books and huge piles of new books and huge piles of TBR books. Getting slightly overwhelmed!
I've gone slightly deranged and have been overzealous at accunulating books. And my attention span has gone out the window with most of my attention focusing on assignments with its due dates looming large.
I've also managed to rejoin the library. Those who read this blog know about my horrible tendencies to accumalate fines. I have joined about 5 libraries and I can't go to any of them due to fines. But I did manage to rejoin a local one because it's been awhile. I also discovered that my uni library has some pretty great books too and I've been ordering them in a frenzy. Who knows how on earth I'll be able to finish these books on time. To make matters worse, I still haven't managed to finish the 5 books I have going at the moment!
The Children's Book by A.S. Byatt.
The Moon is Down by John Steinbeck.
What I'm Reading on Mondays.
A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams. I read it before I went and saw the play with Cate Blanchett as Blanche!
Tales of the Unexpected by Roald Dahl. This has been my travelling book and short stories are perfect for it. Each story was captivating and thrilling while at the same time able to be picked up and put back down. This book just cements Roald Dahl as one of the best and most creative and imaginative writers ever. He's also very sly and manipulative as a writer too.
Carry Me Down by M.J. Hyland. I've been waiting for the right moment to start this because I don't want to put it down. It's also a large paperback so it can't be carried around in my bag.
The Myth of Sisyphus by Albert Camus. Ongoing relationship with all things existentialist.
Bibliotopia, or, Mr. Gilbar's Book of Books and Catch-all of Literary Facts and Curiosities compiled by Steven Gilbar. A marvellous little book I found at the book stall in the Sydney Theatre while waiting for the play to start. It has little facts and figures of bookish things. Very American biased but still fun to read. It's designed to be picked up and put down.


text:
American Bee Journal, Volume 54
season.
gathered at this time of the year. To
date of writing the weather has been
steadily cool with little precipitation;
in fact, unless we soon get rain a short
crop of hay is assured.
But bees wintered well, and jidging
from present appearances they are
steadily building "p, even if the days
they can fly and bring in nectar and
pollen are few and far between. The
little clover we had last fall is now past
the danger point, and in our section at
least it has wintered well.
In another 10 days fruit bloom will
be on, and if weather permits queen
clipping and other work of the season
will be in order. After the long time
since active work with bees, we look
forward with pleasure to being in the
harness again. Only a few weeks at
most until the harvest, great or small,
will be a thing of the past, and the bee-
keeper can again take it easy if he
wishes. This is one of the drawbacks
of beekeeping, looking at it from one
angle, for if the great amount of work
that often crowded into a few weeks
could be divided up into that many
ANOTHER VIEW OF MR. SCHUNCHEL's APIARY.
Notice the decoy hive in the tree to the right.
months, it would make things easier
all around. But no doubt it is much
better than we could possibly arrange frozen, but is coming out well this resemble the snapdragon in shape, and it for ourselves.
are nectar yielding. The dark chamiso The "wild buckwheat" is a species chaparral," as it is also called, of Eriogonum. It grows in almost all whose clusters of bloom now whiten
Newspaper Advertising of Honey Too localities, but in some, yields a much the mountain sides, is a great favorite
Expensive better grade of honey than in others. with bees, but chiefly for pollen. This Constantly we hear about the benefits Near the coast its honey is apt to be is the chief use also of the gray arte- of advertising honey so as to increase dark and not of a good flavor, while misia, which lends much of the gray to
the consumption of this useful and back in the canons bordering on the the landscape. This plant furnishes
toothsome delicacy and food. Any desert it yields better, and is of good abundant stores of winter pollen, but it
kind of advertising is to be commendquality.
has of late years spread to such an ex- ed as long as it is truthful and not misThe coffee berry" is a beautiful tent as to crowd out many a worthier
representing, and while each individual dark green shrub with dark glossy plant.
beekeeper can do much in his own foliage. Its fruit which changes color from red to black, resembles the ber
The hoarhound was introduced here. neighborhood to increase the consumpries of the true coffee. It grows only It is a steady yiel ler, but the honey
tion of honey, the longer I study the in the cool damp canons, and gives a from it is very dark, and the plant
question the more it seems to me that good flow of amber honey,
itself is such a pest that most people, extensive newspaper advertising is imThe "California holly" (which is not
even bee-men, regret its introduction. possible. Why? Because the cost of a holly at all, being a member of the The wild lilac, a beautiful shrub
producing honey is too near the sellrose family), yields very freely for but whose sweet-scented, lilac-colored blos- ing price to allow much money to be a short time. The honey is white. This soms furnish much pollen, is notice
paid for advertising. is one of our most beauti'ul mountain able on account of its blue pollen. I
Take the various patent medicines,
breakfast foods and drinks, different shrubs. Its dark green leaves and had a hurry call from a beginner not heavy panicles of heavy white blos- long ago who thought he had disease
kinds of corn syrups, etc., the names soms make it showy in summer, while among his bees. On inspection it was
so common to us all through seeing its brilliant crimson berries in mid- the blue_pollen that had caused the
them in the papers that any child could
list off hand. In almost, if not winter brighten the whole landscape.
alarm. The bees were rather weak This furnishes the Christmas decoraowing to local conditions, but perfectly is many times the cost of production,
in all of these cases, the selling price tions for all California; hence the term healthy.
so it is easy to see why they can adver"holly" by which it is known.
I have mentioned only the most im
tise so extensively. Then, again, each There is a gorgeous yellow pentste- portant of the native plants. There
firm is advertising an article produced mon, shrubby in growth, distributed are many others which give us nectar
only by themselves, and they get the freely along many canons. Its flowers in varying quantities.
benefit of all the advertising done. In
the case of honey, if my neighbor bee-
keeper across the road advertises the
good qualities of honey, the chances
are that if the advertisement does any
good I will share equally, even when I
am not paying a cent for advertising.
Newspaper advertising costs a tre
mendous amount of money if done at
Conducted by J. L. BYER, Mt. Joy, Ontario.
all extensively. This means that other
forms of publicity will have to be em-
ployed if we ever expect to increase Crop Prospects, Outlook, Etc. from the maples, and an abundance of the consumption of honey by means of
much-needed nectar from the willows. advertising. If I could truthfully adMay 12, sugar maples and yellow wil- I say "needed nectar," for although vertise that my honey was better than lows are in bloom. But with weather there may be lots of old stores in the anybody's else, it might pay me to advercool and a drizzling east rain falling, hives, nothing seems to be quite as tise; but no matter how good a prothe prospect is not pleasant for the good to cause a great boom in brood- duct we had, very few of us would beekeeper who would like to see the rearing as some nice fresh nectar in make such a decided statement as that. bees carrying great loads of pollen combination with the natural pollen I remember tasting a sample sent in
BEEDOM
3. Carl Hanneman. 4. E. S. Hildemann
6. Joseph Kurth. 7.
8. John Hearn. 9. A. C. Allen. 10. N. E France. 11. Gus Dittmer. 12. Mrs. W. R. Harte. 13. Mrs. W. Habermann, 14. Mrs. C. M. Soelch. 15. Mrs. Frank Kittinger. 16. J. I. McGinty. 17. 18. Mr. Sayles, 19. Freman Johnson, 20. August Diehnelt. 21. W. H. Habermann. 22. H. H. Moe. 23. Harry Lathrop. 24. H. M. Rood. 25. Herman Gloege. , 26. Francis Jager. 27.
, L. V. France. 28. Prof. Sanders, 29. Chas. Alberts, 30. John Wambold. 31. E. B. Rosa. 32. Lawrence Post. 33. N. K. Walsh, 34. Geo. Acker. 35. John Willgrub. 36. Fred Blunck. 37, A. A. Linn. 38. Wm. H. Wallace. 39. M. M. Rice. 40. Mrs, M. M. Rice. 41. G. M. Ranum. 42. Jacob Paulson. 43. Ogden Glaeden. 44. A. C. Woodbury. 45. E. Engels. 46. A. L. Kleeber. 47.
51. Louis Post. 52. 53. H. C, Ahlers. 54. W. C. Smith. 55. Mr. Huffmann. 56, Frank Kittinger. 57. Geo. G. Harte. 58. Mr. Sykes. 59. F. E. Matzke. 60. L. W. Parman.
Shipping Bees from Southern New Mexico
-Loss in Weight May 4, five 2-pound packages of bees were shipped to me by express from southern New Mexico. They were shipped without queens. Leaving there at 10 a.m. of the 4th, they reached Boulder at 9:35 a.m. of the 7th. At 11:30 a.m. they were placed in empty supers over weak colonies of bees with which I wished to unite them. By 4:30 p.m. of the 7th, the bees were out of all the shipping-cages in which they came. Counting from the time they were put into the cages to the 4th, the bees were in them about 70 hours. The weight given, gross, for the five packages at the shipping point was 23 pounds. The gross weight when I received them was 1972 pounds, showing a loss in weight of 3%2 ponnds. This was the amount of water and candy consumed and loss in bodily weight of the bees. There might be a slight variation in the scales, but mine are quite accurate, and I assume that those at the shipping point were accurate also.
The weather was almost ideal for springtime when the bees arrived, so that conditions could hardly have been better. The packages were numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
The loss in bodily weight of the live bees was about 12 ounces, unless there was some loss in the weight of the dead bees, which would equal the loss in weight of the live ones. The great loss in weight is accounted for in this case by the lack of water. There was, however, only half as many dead bees in this package as in No. 2, which had plenty of water. But this cage, No. 3, was needing attention when it came, as the bees had their tongues out and were crying for water. Strange as it may seem the bees in this package were loath to leave it, and the last half of them finally had to be shaken out. They had consumed one-half of their honey.
Number 4 weighed 4 pounds and 12 ounces when put_up, and 3% pounds when received. The weight of the live bees was 14 pounds, and there were over 4 pound of dead bees in the cage. This_cage had the most dead bees in it. They had eaten half their candy, and the water can was still full, the little hole in the cover being too small apparently, and also clogged with a speck of dirt.
Number 5 weighed 4 pounds and 8 ounces when put up, and 4 pounds when received. There were less than 25 dead bees in the cage, and the weight of live bees was 17 pounds. This cage came through in the best condition of any. The candy had only been one-third consumed and little of the water used. The hole in the water can also seemed to be clogged, but the bees must have gotten some of the water, as they did not seem to be suffering
The cages were tacked together with lath, and were spaced about 5 inches apart, so that there would be ample circulation between the clusters in the cages. The express was $1.64 on the 23 pounds weight. If the bees could have been sent by parcels post the cost would have been 98 cents,
Number 1 weighed 4 pounds and 8 ounces gross when put up, and 3 pounds and 12 ounces gross when received. The net weight of the live bees at time of packing was 2 pounds, and 1 pound and 10 ounces on arrival. There were less than 25 dead bees in the package. The bees ate about one-fourth of the candy provided, and the water can
about two-thirds full. Threeeighths of a pound must represent the loss in bodily weight, or probably more accurately must be the amount of honey the bees were loaded with before they were put in the cages.
Number 2 weighed pounds and 12 ounces when put up, and 3 pounds and 12 ounces when received. The weight of the live bees was 1/2 pounds. There was about 14 pound of dead bees in the package. One-half of the candy had been consumed, and also about one-half of the water. The loss in bodily weight of the live bees was about 4 pound.
Number 3 weighed 4 pounds and 8 ounces when put up, and 3 pounds and 4 ounces when received. The light weight of this package is explained by the fact that the cover to the water can came off en route and the water was lost. There was 11ś pounds of live bees and about 's pound of dead bees.
It will be seen that 10 pounds of bees It is my intention to keep up the exwere shipped in these five packages, periments in shipping bee's without and that 7% pounds of live bees were
combs until we know what we can detaken out. There was a loss of less pend upon, then perhaps it will not pay than one pound of bees dying en route, us to winter our bees in the North. I the remaining loss being in bodily shall receive another shipment of five weight as mentioned above. It would packages in a day or two, and it is seem that, for shipment this distance, probably on the road
The 25 percent more bees would have to weather is
and the bees be put in to make the weight of full 2 may not come through in such good pounds hold out.
shape.
ciation, but it might not be so under a possible successor.
Prof. Sanders spoke on "The value of a single beekeeping course at the State Agricultural College." He is held in high esteem by the beekeepers, and always commands close attention.
L. V. France exhibited charts, showing distribution of different honeyplants, number of colonies, etc., in the different counties of the State. Mr. France stated that answers to his inquiries had not been as full as anticipated; however, he was voted the thanks of the convention with the request to continue the work.
After the supper a large number went to the Agricultural College, where they were entertained by an address by F. Wilcox, general survey of beekeeping, State and National; also a_stereopticon entertainment by N. E. France, inspector of Wisconsin apiaries.
SECOND DAY MORNING SESSION. A good share of the morning was taken up by " five minute talks" "One important thing I have learned
The election of officers for ensuing year resulted as follows: President, N. E. France; vice-president, Frank Wilcox; secretary, Gus Dittmer; treasurer, Harry Lathrop.
It was decided by an almost unanimous vote not to send a delegate to the National.
The Committee on Resolutions reported the following:
WHEREAS, 'The Supreme Ruler of the universe, in His all-wise providence, has deemed fit to call from our association our beloved president, Jacob Huffman; therefore, be it
Resolved. That we, the Wisconsin State Beekeepers' Association in convention assembled Feb. 3, 1914, do hereby express our sorrow at the loss of our beloved President, that the beekeeping world has lost an able counselor who will be hard to replace; therefore, be it further
Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be spread upon our minutes; that a copy be sent to the family, and that the chair be draped in mourning during the time of this convention. H. H, MOE.
E. B. Rosa,
HERMAN L. GLOEGE,
this year.
the Minnesota University. Here in Wisconsin it is a department of the Agricultural College. Under Prof. Sanders it is perfectly satisfactory to the Wisconsin State Beekeepers' Asso
The Wisconsin State Beekeepers' Association met in convention in Madison Feb. 2. N. E. France was elected temporary president.
The Assembly Room was well filled, over 80 beekeepers, including 8 ladies, being present.
Rev. Francis Jaeger, of the University of Minnesota, addressed the convention on " Present Needs of Wisconsin and Minnesota Beekeepers." His argument was a comparison of old-time and present day methods, not only in beekeeping but in dairy work. He urged beekeepers to organize along the same lines as the various agricultural societies.
M. E. Eggers spoke on, "Should a young man specialize on beekeeping ?" The report of A. C. Allen, delegate to the National, was substantially as published in the Beekeepers' Review. A committee on resolutions was appointed, consisting of E. B. Rosa, H. H. Moe, and Herman Gloege.
The convention adjourned until 1:30 p.m.
At 1:30 p.m. the meeting was called to order, and Rev. Francis Jaeger addressed the convention on A separate department of beekeeping at the State Agricultural College." Brother Jaeger showed the necessity of its being not only separate, but independent, as in
NOTES FROM
The resolutions were adopted by a Inspector of Apiaries by the Governor. weather and where we had a friend to unanimous rising vote.
Mr. Frank Wilcox was recommended visit—a relative of one of our neighA paper was read by Mr. Frank,F. for the appointment of judge of the bors in the United States—living in the France.
Apiarian Exhibit at the State Fair. city of Rolle. Passing through Bern, On motion, N. E. France was recom- Meeting then adjourned.
Fribourg and Lausanne, we reached mended for the appointment of State
Gus DITTMER, Sec. Rolle in the evening. The rain caught
up with us, but had spent its force and
clear weather followed.
In these trips we heard more Ger-
man spoken than any other tongue.
But it would not do to speak secrets
aloud, when using either French, Eng-
lish or Italian, for everybody seems to
understand everybody else. Americans
are so numerous that little attention is
paid to them. However, an American BY C. P. DADANT,
family, in a touring-car with a colored
chauffeur, attracted the curious at Brig. .- Zermatt, Neuchatel
which, owing to the distance, did not Evidently colored men are rare in
make even a speck on the immaculate Switzerland. The trip to Zermatt, from the head
white of the snow, when sought with While in Rolle, the friend we were of Lake Geneva, is up the valley of the the naked eye. The setting or rising visiting accompanied us to a litte town Rhone, then up the Visp until we reach
sun, shining on that immensity of up the sunny hills that beam upon the the center of a cluster of snow-covered
white, shading it with pink and red, lake, to visit a school teacher, who is mountains, of which Monte Rosa and
made an impression beyond descrip- a beekeeper and an apiary inspector. the Matterhorn are the highest. But tion. Instead of 12 tourists, there He had called him on the telephone the latter is the more conspicuous, should have been 1200. The thou- and announced that a foreign beeowing to its sharp peak.
sands who come stay there only a part keeper wished to visit him.' This apici The Rhone river which we first saw
of the day, owing to the defective ac- arist had bee fever, the genuine disat Lyon, then at Geneva, at its exit commodations of that huge caravan- ease, for he awaited us eagerly and from the lake, is the feeder of that
sary, which they call "Hotel Gorner- could talk on but little else. He had lake, through which it flows from east
grat." The crowds are found below some 60 colonies, all hybrids. The hyto west. As we ascend eastward toat Zermatt.
brids of Italian and Swiss bees are wards its source, we pass through the Returning to Zermatt, we stayed almost uniformly reared in French Canton of Valais. We again see vine- there only long enough to visit the Switzerland, through the slow but yards, on shelves one above another, immediate surroundings, especially the steady importation of Italians across meadows and small fields of grain and Gorner Gorge. This, however great the Alps. I have given in tlie Decempotatoes, looking like the patches of a and frightful, is a diminutive wonder ber number my explanation of why quilt. Irrigation is practiced, for the when compared with the gorges of the the pure Italians are not liked in Switzclimate is dry and the water from the
Aare at Meiringen, which we saw later erland. It is useless to repeat it. peaks is plentiful. We see it run in in the month.
Here I heard for the first time in every direction. It is diverted into the
Back to cultivated lands and warmth, Europe, of European foulbrood. He fields by side ditches, and a flat stone we landed at Brig on the 11th, where had had it, and ha i cured it in other serves to turn it right or left as needed.
we proceeded to get rested and warmed apiaries as well as in his own. He had To one accustomed to the majestic and
up, in a very comfortable hotel. Brig had combs containing honey from disquiet flow of the Mississippi, the waters is near the Swiss end of the Simplon eased colonies accidentally robbed by of the Swiss mountains appear in a tunnel. It rained and we stayed there healthy colonies without bad results. great hurry, for they tumble in their
two days, at the end of which we left So he readily understood that our haste, in every direction, and we can for Interlaken, via the new railroad of method of cure by changing the queens go nowhere without hearing the mur- the Lotschberg, a beautiful scenic line, would be likely to succeed. However, mur of the brooks. There are running just completed. Reached Spietz for he practiced the starving method, refountains in every village. The houses dinner. It rained. Went on to Inter- moving all the combs. According to seem odd, with their long eaves and laken. It rained that afternoon and Dr. Carton, this ought to succeed in brown walls. The roofs are often all the next forenoon. We then re
any case. He thought so himself. made of coarse flat stones, laid like solved to
towards Lake He had seen the May disease, and I shingles. But how they managed to Geneva, where we had left the fair gave him the address of Prof. White, build some of these houses is a mystery, for they look like eagles' nests on the mountain side.
We reached Zermatt on Aug. 9. It was cold, and we could see snow in every direction. To enjoy climbing, one must train. We took no time to do this. An inclined cog road took us clear up to Gornergrat, where an immense hotel has been built. There we stayed over night in company with a dozen other tourists. The hotel was supposed to be heated, but they had only pine wood to fire with, and when we complained of room being chilly, they excused themselves on the the bad quality of their fuel. It was at this hotel that, for the first time in our lives, we had to pay even for the water we drank. We went away the next day, disgusted with the accommodations, but delighted with what we had seen at sunset and sunrise. From the top of the Gornergrat, we had been shown, through a telescope, the ridge line forming the Italian and French frontiers, guard houses, flags, caravans, of alpinists walking on the snow, things
ROUGH AND READY BEE-CULTURE IN CORSICA.
BEE-CULTURE IN CORSICA-J. RUFFY IN FOREGROUND.
of Washington, D. C., asking him to forward samples to him, whenever he found it. He was sure that it was caused by the famous "nosema." Yet Prof. White has failed to discover this parasite in a number of samples sent him.
We walked up to his house, and sat down and I made note of his replies to my questions. He was intensely interested. In discussing foulbrood, I had occasion to ask him whether he had read what we wrote about it in the French edition of Langstroth Revised. Then it became apparent that he had misunderstood name when we were introduced. He jumped up from his chair and insisted on shaking hands over again with both Mrs. D. and myself. He was
so enthused that he would hardly let us depart when the time came for us to take leave. It was very amusing and interesting.
Distances are not great in Switzerland, and one is soon transported from one part to another. he railroad accommodations are fine. The coaches have, like ours, a passage through a center aisle, but instead of being in only one or two compartments, each car has five or six sections. About two-thirds of them are smoking compartments, for smoking is very popular, whether pipe, cigar or cigaret. The women are accustomed to it. Once or twice we even saw some good-looking women smoking like the men. (Why should they not?) The smoking compartments, marked "raucher, fumeurs, fumatori," in German, French and Italian, are always the most crowded.
During the summer crowds are immense. When you reach a railroad station in any large tourist resort, you wonder how they can sug ceed in accommodating the thousands who are there. But the train cones In, unloads, reloads, and goes again, with everybody aboard in comfort.
In the afternoon of the 15th, we started for Boudry, near Neuchate the home of Mr. Gubler, from where I wrote the letter inserted in the October Bee Journal. In three hours w were there. A young man with a pring
have to pay 62 cents. They have a mutual insurance against losses by foulbrood, and have also succeeded in getting from the several cantons regu. lations for the inspection of bees and the destruction of contagious diseases. Apiaries are small but numerous. At the meeting of the Neuchatel section, which we attended on the Sunday following our arrival, about 80 members were present. We give a cut of this on our cover page. The meeting was hell in the basement of a house right by the apiary of Mr. Belperrin at Areuse. But the photograph had to be taken upon the hillside, in the vineyard, because the apiary is located under dwarf fruit trees in such a manner that a good picture of it could not be made. In the evening the beekeepers were congregated together at a banquet given in the neighboring village on the shore of the Lake of Neucliatel. As a trolley line joins Neuchatel with the vicinity, we were only 15 minutes from our lodgings. The lake is some 25 miles long, with pretty villas and villages all along.
A few details as to our quarters in the Boudry Home and the hospitable reception we enjoyed, will give a local coloring to our description. The guest chamber in the Home is a special room in the second story of the big barn. However queer this may appear to American readers, this chamber is kept in as fine a style as some of the best hotel rooms, with white walls, fine furniture, framed paintings on the walls, etc. Flowers fresh from the garden were daily brought in a vase, and every night we found an immense hot-water bottle in our bed. We protested against this, but it was of no avail, and we had to submit. The eveings were cool, and our hosts were unwilling to chance our catching cold. The private office of the manager, in the main building, was our writing room, and upon his desk we found a framed picture of Grandpa Dadant. It was there also that I first saw the magnificent work of Gaston Bonnier on the flora of ance, Switzerland and Belgium.
While at Boudry, we had numerous invitations from local beekeepers. W: accepted only a few, for our time was limited.
wagon awaited us at the station and took us at once to the Orphans' Home managed by Mr. Gubler, located about a mile away, on the slope below the mountain, where pure air and open fields are enjoyed by some 50 boys between 8 and 16 years of age.
Mr. Gubler is not only the editor of the Bulletin D'Apiculture, which has taken the place of the Revue Internationale, formerly published by Mr. Bertrand, he is also president of the Société Romande D'Apiculture. The name "Romande
represents. nothing connected with Rome, as might be understood by the uninformed. It represents simply that part of Switzerland in which the French or Romanic language is spoken, in contradistinction with the parts of the same country where German is used. It covers the cantons of Geneva, Vaud, Neuchatel' and a part of Valais, Fribourg and Bern. The association numbers about 2000 members, and is subdivided into some 20 different Lranches, which hold local meetings and send delegates to the central association.
The little magazine, which is their official organ, is furnished to members at 42 cents per annum, while outsiders
months the Sense of Smell of the Honey is this sense in the lives of bees ? Both
BY N. E. MC INDOO, PH. D., BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D. C. (Extract from Journal Exp. Zool., l'ol. 16, No.
3. April, 1911.) VER since man has kept the honey
bee, he has asked the following
questions in regard to its sense of smell : (1) How well can the honey bee smell? (2) Where are its olfactory organs located? (3) How important
scientists and beekeepers are now generally agreed that the honey bee has an acute sense of smell, and that its olfactory organs are located in the antennæ, but the critics have never been convinced that the antennæ carry the organs of smell, because all the antennal organs are covered with a hard membrane through which odors must pass in order to stimulate these organs.
Ďuring the past three years the writer has devoted his entire time to a study of the olfactory sense in the honey.bee


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37. Ohmae, K. (1999). The borderless world: Power and strategy in the interlinked economy. New York: HarperCollins.
38. Ohmae, K. (1996). The end of the nation state: The rise of regional economies. New York: Touchstone.
40. Thompson, K. (1985). Exporting entertainment: America in the world film market, 1907 to 1934. London: Constable.
41. Trade and Industry Department. (n. d.). Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA).
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text:
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Podcast: Value, back with a vengeance
01-07-2021 | Podcast
Value stocks are in revival – this after what seemed like an endless run of underperformance relative to growth stocks. But, is this the long-awaited value rotation? And how big is the opportunity from here onwards? David Cohen is portfolio manager for the Boston Partners Large Cap Value strategy and our guest in our latest podcast episode. Tune in
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David Cohen (David): I love stock picking. I love finding ideas that have been misperceived by the market or that have been left for dead by investors and being able to see something others don't see. I think that gives me a creative outlet to really express sort of my passion for investing. And so, you know, that's really what I love about it.
Male voice: Welcome to a new episode of the Robeco podcast.
Erika van der Merwe (Erika): Value stocks are in revival. This after what seemed like an endless run of underperformance relative to growth stocks. But is this the long-awaited value rotation and how big is the opportunity from here onwards? David Cohen is portfolio manager for the Boston Partners Large Cap Value Strategy. Welcome, David. Good to have you on the Robeco podcast.
David: Thanks, Erika. It's great to be here.
Erika: David, let's start with a quick introduction. So as a house, value investing is your business, right?
David: It is, we're value investors through and through
Erika: and your own focus area is large cap value. Right. So how is your universe defined then?
David: So we can invest in any company that is two billion or larger market cap. And in the US we can also own ADR's of companies trading abroad up to 15 percent of the portfolio. And so there's over 10,000 stocks in our universe that we can review. And we're looking for, you know, as always with Boston Partners, three circle stocks, companies with attractive fundamentals, attractive valuation and positive business momentum, meaning they're getting better, not worse.
Erika: So, David, undoubtedly the value rally since November has brought great relief to you and your colleagues and all fellow value investors. We spoke to Jay Feeney last year, your CIO. He told us that the decade of growth beating value had been by far the most stressful time of value underperformance in his 35-year career. But, David, is this it? Do you see this as the rotation that had been expected or could it still be a bumpy road ahead for value?
David: Well, you know, if you think back a year ago, the world was literally shutting down. Right? Fear was at its peak and the environment was as extreme as anyone could have imagined. Growth to value spreads where three standard deviations wide. The consensus believed in the inevitability of low interest rates forever, the possibility of negative rates and the impossibility of inflation. So, if you fast forward to today, the 10-year US government bond is 151 basis points, or 90 basis points higher than it was a year ago. The yield curve is steeper and investors are rightly worried about inflation. The macro backdrop of low rates and slow growth with disinflation has been totally supplanted by a normal business cycle outlook that holds we're in the early stages of an economic recovery. So, for the majority of my career, we rarely talked about growth versus value. There were periods of growth outperformance and there were periods of value outperformance and it would temporarily become a discussion point. But it only became such a dominant narrative over the last few years when investors became complacent in the idea of scarce growth, disinflation and low rates. That's over. The low growth environment that we were in, favored those bond proxy stocks like real estate investment trusts, utilities and staples at unprofitable growth companies. And the market had rewarded both of those with unprecedented multiples while simultaneously putting trough on trough multiples for cyclicals in the midst of the pandemic. So, we're still in the early days of that trade unwinding. The extremity of the previous growth cycle is now being sort of narrowed and valuation spreads have come in some but are still very wide. So we're seeing characteristics like free cash flow, returns on capital and equity, capital discipline, that are the driving forces to our investment process starting to be rewarded. And we've been positioned for this and we're benefiting. But this is the normal environment now while we were in for the last three to five years. So, I think what you're likely to see going forward is not just a temporary factor, rotation away from growth towards value, but more the emergence of a normalized environment for stock picking where you're going to see growth outperform at times, value outperform at other times, inflation expectations rise and decline. And so our process is tailored to be able to navigate that environment. Where we struggle is when you see these periods of just growth running away and taking over, outperforming value by 20 percent because of sort of the settling in of this one mindset that we're just never going to have sort of normal economic cycles. So I think the question of growth versus value is really not the right one. It's just a matter of what we've transitioned into. And to emphasize the point, I think we've gone from an extreme growth environment to a more normal business environment that should prevail for the next several decades.
Erika: Perhaps go a little deeper into some of the points you made, and those points are on policy making, stimulus, at first, the thinking that we'll never see inflation again. Now there's talk about inflation and a possible tapering of policy making, but we still have extreme policy stimulus in place. And in the US, it's overlaid with extreme fiscal stimulus. So what would all of this mean for value stocks? So let's just say if inflation were to return more permanently, what does that mean for a value investor?
David: Yeah, I think you hit on the key point, which is that, you know, out of covid, we moved from an environment of extreme monetary policy, loose monetary policy, which has been in place since the great financial crisis to ultra loose financial or monetary policy, plus fiscal stimulus. So stimulus checks, extended unemployment benefits, all of that is leading to sort of this this fiscal stimulus, which has put money directly in the hands of consumers versus just being on bank balance sheets and financial institutions last cycle. So the combination of those two sets gives you sort of the raw ammunition, or maybe the sort of fuel to lead to inflationary cycles going forward. So if you think about what drives inflation, it's really, you know, velocity of money plus quantity of money. The quantity of money has been increased dramatically over the last 12 to 18 months. And now the question is what happens with velocity? And so that's really, you know, if you think about where the consumer's been, they've been locked up in their house. Nobody's doing anything except buying stuff on Amazon and other e-commerce sites. And now we're in an environment where we can travel again. Where the vaccinations are rising, where we can go back to work, where we can pop into the corner store, where we can, you know, buy these big-ticket items that aren't just related to our homes. And so that sort of velocity and the savings rates that have built up over the last year because people haven't been consuming are going likely to drive higher velocity of money. So, again, price level equals velocity times quantity, quantities up. If velocity accelerates, you could see a meaningful pickup in inflation as we go forward. Now, some of this is being exacerbated by cyclical factors due to supply chain issues which have emerged due to covid. And those will start to taper as we get into 2022. We expect some of the semiconductor shortages will be debottlenecked in autos and in other parts of the supply chain. But we do think that there are some secular driving forces behind this.
Erika: And if we were to see high inflation, then what would it mean for your stock selection process and for the value stocks in your portfolio?
David: Well, certainly it opens up, you know, more cyclical investing opportunities. So sectors like energy, which had been left for dead by the market and materials and other such sectors have been sort of left behind as the market focused solely on sort of secular growth areas. And, you know, just seeing sort of inflation go through normal cycles. And the need for investment in those areas due to higher prices will lead to better performance out of that. So it just broadens out the market is a better way to put it.
Erika: Again, your point about things being more normal, the way things used to be in terms of economic cycles.
David: Exactly.
Erika: You also refer to this spread, the significant spread between the cheaper stocks and the more expensive stocks. I had a look, Robeco's quant equity researchers researched this and they agreed with you, they conclude that the value comeback still has a long way to go based on this differential in valuations. And they've a paper out on that spring has sprung for value investing. But of course, one can't be absolute about these things. Just because there's a huge valuation differential doesn't mean value will keep on rallying. If you were to do a scenario analysis, what would you say could flip us back to a value underperformance in the coming months?
David: Well, I think you would have to see some sort of shock to the system, you know, maybe a recurrence or a spread of some other variant of Covid. You know, people are talking about the delta variant or some mutation that led to sort of a lockdown again. And just people lost faith in the ability to stimulate the economy on the back side of that. I think, you know, there's a huge amount of savings in consumers' hands today, their corporate balance sheets are in a very strong place, very low levels of debt. And so really there is a fair amount and there's pent up demand. So there's a pretty good setup for this inflationary environment to take hold. But if for some reason people just decided not to consume and the aggregate level of demand was lower going forward, then you could see sort of a return to sort of very narrow secular growth themes.
Erika: The term secular, I think there might be different interpretations of what secular drivers are. Also, what if we were to look at more longer term, much more fundamental secular factors and the implications for the performance of value? So just to illustrate the point, here's a teaser. It's a clip from Meb Fabers's The Best Ideas Show. Tobias Carlyle from the Acquirer's Funds made this point. This was just before the November rally started.
Male voice: They stitched these three datasets together to track from 1825 five to the present day. And they find that there are basically three big periods of value underperformance and they seem to congregate around these periods of technological advancement, these booms in a state. So there's one right at the very beginning of the data set in 1841. And the significance of that date is that it's the invention of the telegraph. And so until that time, information had travelled around the world on sailboats and information got to as fast as a sailboat was being blown across the ocean, which is not very fast. And when the subsea cable came in, they got it almost instantaneously. So that triggered a value bust relative to the tech boom. There was another one that ended in 1904 was down 59%, value had trailed and then there was another one. Most recently, there's the 2000 bust was not as bad as this one. The 2000 bust was significant, but didn't kind of approach this one. We're now at 60 per cent, so this is the worst bust for value in the data. It's lagging behind the growth names by an incredibly wide margin.
Erika: They're referring to a long-term study over 200 years. But to me, what I hear there, David, is often the challenge that you have for value investors, that things have just fundamentally changed. And that other the way we look at value stocks, or just value stocks in general, are being challenged in a fundamental way because of technological advancements. How do you react to that?
David: I think he's spot on with the point that we're in a technological revolution, a renaissance in the global economy today. And honestly, that's what gives me the most excitement about the far reach of it is what gives me the most excitement about investing and value today. So what we're seeing is that every sector of the economy is now being touched by digitization and electrification. Semiconductors are the enabling technology that are creating that in the economy. And what we're starting to see is that spread into areas where tech was sort of limited or didn't have as far reach. So autos, industrial applications, other sorts of consumer products. And so now what we're seeing is that all these sectors of the economy are being transformed by technology and there are going to be winners and losers on the value side that allow us to sort of pick stocks within that. So to give you an example, the whole logistics space, which is largely, you know, considered a value investing space, is now being transformed by technology. And there are value names that are actually applying technology to gain market share, to expand their markets, to become more efficient, which should drive operating margin improvement and better returns over time. So technology is making old world businesses, so to speak, better. And that's allowing, you know, that's basically leading to emerging investment opportunities for us in the value side. So the breadth and scope of this technological renaissance is really opening up opportunities within value, whereas in the past it was only emerging new companies. And that's why I think both growth and value can work, because, you know, certainly new companies will come out of this renaissance, but old companies are being transformed and they can win as well.
Erika: So you've totally flipped the argument then on technology and the implications for value. That's fascinating. Let's go a little deeper then. What are the opportunities that you are seeing in the large cap space for value?
David: Yeah, so I certainly mentioned semiconductors. That's been an area of focus for us over the last several years. Semi cap equipment, this is a global oligopoly that basically enables all semiconductor production around the world. When we were buying these businesses, they traded at double digit free cash flow yields, low double-digit earnings multiples at the trough of their cycle. Now, they've certainly performed well. Momentum's picked up and the valuations are less inexpensive than they were, aren't as inexpensive as they were, but they're still attractive to us with compounding characteristics. You know, if you broaden out, we're starting to see, you know, certainly off the bottom, we've seen tremendous opportunities in consumer discretionary in industrial applications. So industrial machinery companies where, you know, farm/agricultural equipment that's being transformed by technology as well, where you're putting sensors on tractors and being able to sort of be more specific in how you sort of manage crops through a cycle. So it's really a broad reach between sort of traditional cyclical opportunities. You know, energy is another sector where we've really spent a lot of time recently, the market, because of concerns. And, you know, this focus on growth tech had left that sector for dead. Oil prices went negative last year. I covered the energy sector for 15 years. I never thought I'd see negative oil prices, but they went negative. And, you know, that was an opportunity for us to sort of start to enter the market, the energy space again and go overweight energy. And now we think because of neglect of the supply side of the equation for the last several years, we're seeing higher prices, which should last for a while.
Erika: What are you avoiding in stocks that or sectors that typically might be considered value? What are you avoiding within that?
David: Yeah, so within our benchmark real estate investment trusts, utilities and consumer staples are around 16% of the benchmark. They've gotten as high as 20% in the past. Now, we don't have anything against these sectors. We're not dogmatic about it, but they tend to trade at higher multiples and have less attractive fundamental and momentum characteristics. So they don't really fit our process, at the current moment. We have a significant underweight to those areas.
Erika: Then, I refer to the extreme fiscal stimulus that you're seeing in the US. What are the implications of Biden's policies in these giant stimulus packages for your stocks and your sector choices? Infrastructure is so much more of a theme these days. Sustainability, so much more of a theme in the US compared to previously.
David: Yes. So it does have a reach, but it's more limited than you would think. Right, because policies have to be approved, which we've seen. You know, they've been talking about infrastructure now for six to nine months and nothing's happened yet. It seems like we're close and then it takes time to enact those policies. Now, this is if this infrastructure bill passes, it'll be of a scale that that is sufficient to impact the revenues of a number of companies. And we have exposure. We own construction machinery companies. We own rental companies that benefit from that. We own some material companies that will benefit from infrastructure. Tax policy is certainly something that's going to impact companies within our within our universe. We've done a screen to sort of determine who's paying the lowest tax rates, where they're domiciled. And we're fully aware of, you know, who will be negatively impacted by changes in tax policy.
Erika: So on sustainability then, and you referred to the energy sector and ESG. How do you factor these concerns around ESG, whether it's the environment or just broader, S and G as well. How do you factor that into your stock selection process, your investment thinking?
David: Well, we have a dedicated team at Boston Partners that looks at ESG as it relates to every company that we own and a broader universe of companies. And so we have dedicated analysts and a team that is focused on that. It's integrated into our research process. We take the view that we don't want to exclude any sector or company for ESG reasons. What we want to do is focus on how you do what you do. So if you're an energy company, I was talking to an energy company recently, actually, that is working on ways to reduce flaring, that's working on ways to improve their water usage. And so we would rather support and engage with companies who are at the leading edge of, you know, reducing and improving their environmental impact and putting in best practices for, you know, for their workers and for other aspects of sustainability, rather than just excluding because they're involved in an industry that might be deemed, you know, sort of unsustainable over the long term.
Erika: Does that satisfy your critics, those who feel you should perhaps not be investing in fossil fuel technology?
David: Probably not all of them, but I think there is an increasing market. You know, what stands out to me in talking to clients and consultants about this issue over the last year is that everybody's trying to understand how to think about it. And so, you know, it's a spectrum. I think on one end you're going to find people who only want to invest in emerging technologies that are going to eliminate hydrocarbons and that's fine. I think that's you know, there's going to be a certain number of consultants and clients that go in that direction. And then you're going to find people who just realize it's going to be a transition and a journey over many decades and want to take a more measured approach and improve things step by step. So I think we can fill a need and match that consumers sort of desire to improve ESG issues.
Erika: David, just going back to November, when you saw the market rallying, it sustained in the weeks and now even the months thereafter with major opportunities for investors like you. How big are these opportunities? Because I believe in terms of holdings, your fund is now experiencing its biggest turnover since inception.
David: Yeah, I mentioned earlier just the excitement you feel as an investor when you see one of these markets sell off. So, you know, going back in February and March, we were reviewing literally hundreds of stocks and trying to find very specific things that we could do to improve the portfolio. So we turned over about 20% of the portfolio at the end of Q1 and early Q2. And what we're looking for was high-quality names that were on sale. And then we were looking for value dislocations, companies that had sold off more than 50%, that were being left for dead, where we thought, OK, you know, we may not have near-term visibility on this company getting back to the revenue and cash flow generating levels that they were at in 2019. But we think over a couple of years, two to three years, they ought to be able to do that. And the stock is trading at very low valuations relative to that earnings potential. We tried to avoid companies that had, you know, that had any balance sheet issues or liquidity issues in the near term. We really didn't want to get involved in anything that would pose sort of financial risk with the uncertainty around the virus and what was happening in the economy. And so, you know, we use that filter. And I'm proud of the work that the organization did during that time, both our team and our broader research department, you know, as I said, going through hundreds of names and narrowing down to the best opportunities, and it paid almost immediate dividends for us. So, you know, drove significant outperformance from sort of middle of March on last year. And that's continued into 2021 for us. So I would say the opportunities were huge initially. And then the market, you know, as we got incremental data on vaccines and reopening, those opportunities closed and the alpha was realized, we've captured some of that. And from here, you know, it's going to be more stock specific or more industry group specific.
Erika: David, I want to close by asking you some rapid-fire questions just for fun. Quick shop answer. So what's the best part of being a value investor?
David: I love stock picking. I love finding ideas that have been misperceived by the market or that have been left for dead by investors and being able to see something others don't see. I think that gives me a creative outlet to really express sort of my passion for investing. And so, you know, that's that's really what I love about it.
Erika: What are your views on the emergence or one could say the re-emergence of the retail investor?
David: Well, I would say I'm all for it. I mean, I think, you know, retail investors, practically speaking, have to be careful. You know, we're trained professionals in the industry. But if they can find ways to make money, they ought to be able to participate. I just think they should do it with eyes open and do it in a risk managed way. You know, there are plenty of I know highly sophisticated retail investors that don't do this professionally. And I know sort of reckless retail investors. And so I think, again, that's a spectrum. And I think, you know, from a professional's perspective, I think it introduces volatility into the market that we can, you know, take advantage of and exploit when stocks get overbought or oversold. And we've done some of that this year, as we've seen, you know, certain stocks get caught up in either direction on the sort of the retail trade that we've seen out of in the wake of Wall Street bets.
Erika: How do you deal with these long and painful periods of underperformance? And even I would imagine short periods must be tough. Even a month must be tough.
David: Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, for me personally, I try and keep it all in perspective. Our CEO and CIO, Jeff Feeney, talks about signal versus noise. And so, you know, I have ways that I try to find the difference to differentiate between signal and noise. Meditation is something that I've used for more than half my life at this point. That's really helped me sort of settle down my own emotions when they sort of get activated and really try and focus on what's important. And that's been a great tool for me.
Erika: What about your personal investments? Does your personal investment portfolio contain any stocks that could be considered growth-like, David? Are you consistent?
David: Well, sure. I mean, so I don't think growth is mutually exclusive from value. So I think you can have high-growth companies that are attractively valued. Right, because the value of a business is relative to its cash generating capabilities over time. So the best investment in the world would be the highest-growth company trading at a at a reasonable or low multiple. And so, yes, I am consistent with the three-circle process that we employ, but sure, I own high-growth businesses that that I think are value investments and attractively valued.
Erika: David, thank you so much for your insights and for chatting to us on the Robeco podcast.
David: Thanks, Erika, appreciate it.
Erika: And to listeners, thanks for being part of the conversation. We'd like to hear from you. Please do send us your comments, feedback and suggestions to the address podcast@robeco.com and you'll find all of our podcast on your favorite podcast platform as well as at Robeco.com
Male voice: Thanks for joining this Robeco podcast. Please tune in next time as well. Important information: this publication is intended for professional investors. This podcast was brought to you by Robeco and in the US by Robeco Institutional Asset Management US Inc, a Delaware corporation, as well as an investment advisor registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. The podcast is intended only for institutional investors. Robeco Institutional Asset Management US is a wholly owned subsidiary of ORIX Corporation Europe N.V., a Dutch investment management firm located in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V. has a license as manager of UCITS and AIFS for the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets in Amsterdam.
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Sini: MS-13 greatest public safety issue in Suffolk
Suffolk Police Commissioner Tim Sini was grilled Thursday by county lawmakers on issues including the serial knifepoint robber, gang murders and the growing opiod epidemic.
During his three hours of testimony, Sini admitted that the level of violence in the county is "unprecedented."
He told lawmakers there have been 170 arrests of known MS-13 members since September 2016, and that the police force continues to increase intelligence gathering on the streets.
In a heated moment, Sini accused Republican Legislator Robert Trotta of politicizing gang-related murders.
"You are politicizing an issue that should not be politicized," said Sini. "You are absolutely politicizing murders of children."
The commissioner said the county will be getting help from the state. Sini said additional patrols are being set up by state police in wooded areas and park lands, especially in Brentwood and Central Islip.
"We're sharing intelligence with New York State Police so they can do targeted patrols of areas that may attract MS-13 gang members," the commissioner said.
Legislator Monica Martinez, whose district includes Brentwood, asked Sini if additional officers could be put into schools as "school resources officers." Right now, there's one officer allotted for the 20,000 students in the Brentwood district.
Sini and the legislators also discussed ways to go after more funding for gang prevention programs, and putting more money into outreach programs in the Latino community.