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Welcome to Fish's IP Law Essentials,
presented by the Blog Brigade.
Fish & Richardson's IP Law Essentials is a comprehensive survey of IP law brought to you by the experts at the world's leading IP firm. Whether you are new to IP or you are a seasoned practitioner in need of a refresher, Fish's IP Law Essentials is your go-to resource. Over the coming weeks and months, the attorneys of the Fish Blog Brigade will share some of the substantive and practical knowledge they have developed over their many years of experience. The topics we cover will span the full range of IP law, including patent, trademark, copyright, post-grant, ITC, and trade secret.
Blockchain and Cryptocurrency: What is Blockchain Technology?
Blockchain and cryptocurrency technologies are rapidly expanding throughout the world – and with that rapid expansion has come a growing interest in IP protection for blockchain and cryptocurrency inventions. By Tracea Rice, Frank Gerratana, Kenneth Hoover.
Unlocking California's Trade Secret Identification Requirement Under California Code of Civil Procedure Sec. 2019.210 – Part 2
California trade secret law presents a unique statutory framework among state and federal trade secret laws that requires plaintiffs to identify the misappropriated trade secrets before discovery commences. This post explores three leading California appellate court opinions interpreting the requirements of § 2019.210. By Seth Sproul, Tucker Terhufen.
Stipulated Protective Orders During Patent Litigation
Discovery in patent cases often requires parties to produce confidential technical, business, and financial information. To safeguard this sensitive information, courts issue protective orders limiting who can access it, under what conditions, and for what purpose. By Rodeen Talebi, Katie Prescott.
An Overview of Utility Patents in the United States
A utility patent is a patent that covers "any new and useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof." It is the most prevalent type of patent in the United States. We answer common questions about utility patents, including how to get a utility patent and the term of a utility patent. By Lance Wyatt, Esha Bandyopadhyay.
Antitrust Issues with "No-Poaching" Agreements
A no-poaching agreement is a contract not to recruit another company's employees. Although companies might be wary of employees departing with trade secrets, they should be aware that no-poaching agreements are antitrust violations. This article presents alternative solutions to no-poaching agreements. By DJ Healey, Christian Chu, Sushil Iyer, Kevin Gray.
Watch Where You Launch: Existing Space Laws Complicate Earthly IP Rights
International treaties regarding space have not been revisited since the 1980s, and none speak to intellectual property. With the rise of commercial space travel, questions about IP in space are inevitable. We propose guidelines for resolving the uncertainty in this space. By Eda Stark, Christopher Green.
Introduction to Patent Regulations
Properly assessing whether a patent should issue and whether a patent should continue to exist, is crucial when maintaining the balance between inventors and the public. In this piece, we take a closer look at the governing bodies in the United States responsible for deciding whether a patent should issue and whether a patent should continue to be valid. By Philip Chen and Esha Bandyopadhyay.
What to Consider When Selecting an Expert Witness
Before choosing an expert, it is important to consider expertise, testifying experience, conflict of interest, prior exclusion orders, and other important factors. This post provides a checklist for selecting an expert. By Taylor Caldwell and Joanna Fuller.
Experts in Patent Cases: Who They Are and Why to Hire Them
Experts in patent cases help investigate the facts, develop a case strategy, and explain complex technical and economic issues to a judge and jury. In this post, we describe the types of experts that may appear in a patent case. By Taylor Caldwell and Joanna Fuller.
Outer Space Treaty & Beyond: Do Existing Space Laws Put an Astronomical Barrier to Private IP Rights in Space?
Earlier this year, DoubleTree by Hilton baked the first cookie in space. Perhaps a step furthering the 1960s dream of Hilton's Lunar Hotel, the team has since brought the cookies back to Earth. The Hilton cookie experiment raises interesting questions of intellectual property rights in space. For example, does Company A with a patented method of baking a delicious space cookie have a claim against Company B that bakes a cookie in space using Company A's patented baking method? What about inventions made in space—what protections do they have once they are brought back to Earth? Are there laws in space that govern the answers to these questions? By Eda Stark and Christopher Green.
What is Patent Law?
The United States patent system is built on a "carefully crafted bargain" between inventors and the public. In exchange for a disclosure teaching the public how to make and use an invention, the federal government grants the inventor an exclusive right to protect the invention for a limited time. In this piece, we explore the laws governing patents. By Philip Chen and Esha Bandyopadhyay.
Depositions for Inter Partes Review: How Do They Work?
While depositions in district court litigation are primarily focused on gathering facts and preparing impeachment, deposition testimony taken in an IPR is actual admitted testimony. As such, deposing attorneys must carefully consider what questions to ask a witness. By Rick Bisenius and Dan Smith.
Everything You Need to Know About Patent Maintenance Fees
Patent maintenance fees are mandatory fees that must be paid to the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO") at certain time points after a patent issues in order to keep a utility patent in force. We discuss when maintenance fees are due, consequences for not paying maintenance fees, and small entity vs. large entity fees. By Sean Daley and Lawrence Jarvis.
How To Present a Persuasive Opening Statement in a Patent Jury Trial
Litigators have long understood that jurors' opinions at the end of opening statements color, and correlate strongly with, how they interpret the evidence at trial. This blog post examines the limitations on statements that can be made during opening and strategies for working within those rules to effectively present the scientific evidence without losing the jury's support. By Scott M. Flanz & Douglas E. McCann.
Best Practices: Protecting Your Trade Secrets in the M&A Virtual Data Room
Every day, businesses large and small are seeking to be acquired, in whole or in part. Naturally, potential buyers of a business will be keenly interested in the nature and value of the seller's assets, including its IP assets, chiefly patents and trade secrets. We discuss key points for the parties to bear in mind when crafting NDAs for the M&A process and constructing the M&A virtual data room. By Tommy Jacks and David Morris.
How Biosimilars Are Approved and Litigated: Patent Dance Timeline
Biosimilar applicants have a number of choices to make on the path to a commercial biosimilar product. This blog outlines the path to biosimilar approval and launch and explains some of the decisions that a biosimilar applicant must make along the way. By Cheryl Wang, Nicole Williams, Kayleigh McGlynn, Grant Rice, Jenny Shmuel.
Introduction to Patent Claims
A patent claim is the single most important part of the patent rights, as it defines the scope of what is covered. In this posting, we explain the basic components of a patent claim to help you understand how to write a patent claim and how to (in part) interpret a patent claim. By Sean Daley and Laura C. Whitworth.
ITC Litigation: How Discovery in the ITC Is Different from Federal Court
Apart from the speed at which parties are expected to gather evidence, however, there are some key differences in discovery in an ITC proceeding as opposed to district court litigation. Here, we highlight some of the most notable differences. By Jacqueline Tio, Joe Dorris, and Monty Fusco.
Introduction to Patent Term Extensions (PTE)
One way of extending patent term is called "Patent Term Extension" or "PTE." The specific rules and regulations governing PTE are complex. Here, we provide a brief, high-level overview of the requirements for obtaining PTE and the PTE process. By Tina Murphy, Jenny Shmuel, and Terry Mahn.
Is "Reverse Engineering" Misappropriation of Trade Secrets?
Reverse engineering refers to the process of working backward from an available product to understand what its parts are, how it functions and/or how it was made. Is reverse engineering allowed under state and federal trade secret law? Can parties contract away the right to reverse engineer? By Katie Prescott and Autumn Wu.
An Introduction to Patent Due Diligence
A patent due diligence analysis can help you determine the value of your own patent portfolio, including whether you can monetize your patents through licensing, enforcement or divestment. Conversely, it allows you to assess and mitigate the infringement risks posed by a competitor's patents or the patents of another party. By Michael Autuoro and Veena Tripathi.
Trade Secret Litigation v. Patent Litigation: Similarities, Differences, and Interplay
What are the similarities and differences between trade secret and patent litigation? As both patents and trade secrets often constitute key elements of a company's IP portfolio, it is crucial to understand what a litigation in either or both of these contexts would mean for you. By Bobby Hampton and Esha Bandyopadhyay.
Trade Secrets and Patents: Similarities, Differences, and Interplay
The underlying purpose of trade secret and patent laws is the same: to help inventors and owners protect their intellectual property, the fruits of their labor. However, patents and trade secrets are intended to protect different things, are obtained differently, and can be lost differently. By Bobby Hampton and Esha Bandyopadhyay.
What is the PTAB and Who are the Judges?
Your inter partes review ("IPR") was instituted, you've gone through discovery, and now finally your oral argument before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board ("PTAB") is approaching. But who will actually sit on the bench? By Ryan Petty, Rick Bisenius, and Dan Smith.
ITC Litigation: Domestic Industry Requirement
The "domestic industry" requirement is unique to Section 337 actions and not found in typical IP litigation. What is the domestic industry requirement and how can a party satisfy (or fight) it? By Joe Dorris, Jacqueline Tio, and Monty Fusco.
The Patent Litigation Process: The Complaint
Patent litigation begins when a plaintiff files a complaint against a defendant. Pay attention to several essential elements of the complaint: the parties, the jurisdiction, the venue, and the factual allegations. By Adil Shaikh and Michael Zoppo.
ITC Litigation: The Section 337 Investigation Timeline
This blog presents a timeline of a typical Section 337 investigation schedule, which, if instituted, will take about a year before the Commission makes its final determination on whether violation exists and warrants relief. By Elizabeth Connors, Jacqueline Tio, and Monty Fusco.
There is a great deal of information packed into a patent. We provide a road-map to reading a patent. By James Sebel and Sean Daley.
Navigating Fact Discovery in a Patent Case
Discovery is critical to proving a case. We discuss common discovery tools that parties use to obtain evidence: requests for production or inspection, interrogatories, requests for admission, depositions, and subpoenas. By Rodeen Talebi and Katie Prescott.
Is it Too Late to File a Misappropriation of Trade Secrets Suit?
If you assert a trade secret claim after the statute of limitations has passed, it could be dismissed. When is the statute of limitations for a misappropriation of trade secrets claim? By Katie Prescott and Autumn Wu.
California trade secret law requires plaintiffs to identify the misappropriated trade secrets before discovery commences. This post explains the genesis and purpose of the trade secret identification requirement. By Seth Sproul and Tucker N. Terhufen.
Oral Hearings at the PTAB: What to Expect
Oral hearings before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board ("PTAB") share some similarities with federal district court litigation, but they also include important differences. By Ryan Petty, Rick Bisenius, and Dan Smith.
ITC Litigation: Can You Be Sued at the ITC?
The ITC has far-reaching jurisdictional authority that can cover both domestic and international respondents. Since jurisdiction exists over imported articles, U.S. companies can fall under the ITC's purview in several ways. By Elizabeth Connors, Jacqueline Tio, and Monty Fusco.
Visual Artists Rights Act Protects Even Transient Art in the Absence of an Explicit Waiver
While street artists should be aware of their rights under copyright law, building owners should also be aware that authorizing street art on their buildings without an agreement in place can carry liability. By Ryan Petty, John S. Goetz, and Kristen McCallion.
What are the Different Types of Patents?
What is the difference between utility patents, design patents, and plant patents? By Lance Wyatt and Esha Bandyopadhyay.
Safeguarding Secrecy: Taking "Reasonable" Measures to Protect Trade Secrets
In order to enforce trade secret rights, a trade secret owner must show that it used reasonable measures to guard its trade secrets. This blog looks at what counts as "reasonable measure" and lists seven best practices for guarding trade secrets. By Felix Eyzaguirre and Esha Bandyopadhyay.
Introduction to Biologics and Biosimilars
Biologics are a fast-growing class of therapeutic compounds. This blog explores the differences between biologics vs. small molecule drugs, biosimilars vs. generics, and biosimilars vs. interchangeables. By Jenny Shmuel, Kayleigh McGlynn, Michael Anderson, Cheryl Wang, Tracea Rice.
Best Practices: How to Protect Trade Secrets From Loss Through Departing Employees
Many employees have access to company confidential and trade secret information. Here's how to make sure departing employees do not take trade secrets with them. By Tommy Jacks and David Morris.
Best Practices: HR Risk Management to Avoid IP Theft Liability
A company should exercise caution when hiring new employees to avoid importing trade secrets from a competitor. By Tommy Jacks and David Morris.
Post-Trial Motions: No Rest for the Post-Trial Attorney
Whether you won or lost at trial, it is crucial to consider post-trial motions. This blog provides an overview of the types of post-trial motions a party should consider filing, and/or should expect to be filed against it. By Alana Mannige and John Thornburgh.
Overview of Approaches to Compulsory Licensing
Typically, a patent owner has the right to exclude others from practicing its patent. But can a patent owner be forced to license it? By Brian Coggio, Sushil Iyer, and Cheryl Wang.
What You Need to Know About Motion Practice You Probably Learned in Kindergarten
Motions are a fundamental tool of litigation. This blog discusses motions that arise before and during trial. By Robert Ehrlich and Benjamin C. Elacqua.
I'm Ready to Sue for Patent Infringement—But First, Do I Have the Right Plaintiffs?
Choosing the proper plaintiffs requires considering patent title, licenses, damages, and more. By Jeremy T. Saks and Susan Morrison.
What Discovery is Available during Inter Partes Review?
Discovery in an IPR is relatively limited compared to district court discovery. This keeps the proceedings narrowly focused and on track to complete within the statutory one-year timeline. By Ryan Petty, Rick Bisenius, and Dan Smith.
ITC Litigation: The Rise in Popularity of Section 337
This blog traces the roots of ITC Section 337 actions throughout history and summarizes notable historical facts concerning the ITC. By Jacqueline Tio, Joe Dorris, and Monty Fusco.
They Came from Earth – IP Rights in Outer Space
Eda Stark and Chris Green launch their blog series on intellectual property rights in space with a discussion of the creation and evolution of the Space Act.
What is Patentable Subject Matter?
Patent eligibility is the first of three hurdles to be cleared in obtaining a patent (the other two are novelty and non-obviousness). This blog is the start of a series on what makes an invention patentable subject matter. By Ricardo Bonilla and Alex Pechette.
Bankruptcy and COVID-19: Issues for Licensors
How can a bankruptcy filing by an IP licensee affect a non-debtor licensor? By Lance Wyatt and J. Kevin Gray.
Bankruptcy and COVID-19: Issues for Licensees
How can a bankruptcy filing by an IP licensor affect a non-debtor licensee? By Lance Wyatt and J. Kevin Gray.
Seven Benefits of Copyright Registration
Although copyright registration is optional, copyright owners should consider registering their copyrightable works sooner rather than later to take full advantage of the benefits conferred by registration, especially if infringement is a concern. By Vivian Cheng.
Where Juries Come From
In this series, we'll give you some ideas about how to select a good jury. But first, where do juries come from?" By Alex Kykta, Kate Reardon, Cheryl Wang, and Doug McCann.
E-Discovery Sanctions Traps in the Remote Workplace
One of the most daunting challenges in litigation is responding to e-discovery requests. With the transition to the remote workplace, it is more important than ever to establish preservation policies and practices that will preempt serious e-discovery sanctions. By Tommy Jacks and David Morris.
Monetizing Patents through Partnerships
Universities have become increasingly adept at monetizing their patents through partnerships with outside experts, and savvy entrepreneurs should be aware of these partnership opportunities. By Alexander Kykta and Benjamin C. Elacqua.
Injunctions: Using Patents to Stop Competitors
Although money damages may seem like an obvious first choice, patent owners (or licensees with a right to sue) should also consider seeking equitable relief through an injunction. This blog highlights three popular options for getting an injunction. By Benjamin Elacqua and Felix Eyzaguirre.
When Should I File an IPR during Litigation?
You have been sued for patent infringement and decided to challenge the validity of the patent at inter partes review (IPR). This blog discusses some important factors for deciding the timing of an IPR. By Ryan Petty, Rick Bisenius, and Dan Smith.
Can I Copyright My Logo?
To be eligible for copyright protection, a logo must be an original work of authorship with a minimal level of creativity. This blog looks at three recent decisions from the United States Copyright Office Review Board concerning what can make a company logo copyrightable. By Ryan Petty, John S. Goetz, and Kristen McCallion.
Trade Secrets: What are They and Do They Impact Me?
Almost every business, no matter its size or industry, has information that could be a trade secret. This blog explains the fundamentals of what "trade secret" means. By Felix Eyzaguirre and Esha Bandyopadhyay.
ITC Litigation: How do I file an ITC Complaint?
Someone is importing products, or components in products, that infringe your intellectual property rights. Should you file in the ITC, and how? By Joseph R. Dorris, Jacqueline Tio, and Elizabeth Connors.
Challenging Patents through Post-Grant Proceedings: What Are Your Options?
While litigating invalidity as part of an infringement lawsuit itself may seem convenient, the USPTO offers a host of administrative proceedings for challenging patent validity. By Ryan V. Petty, Rick Bisenius, and Dan Smith.
Functional Claims
This blog explains what functional claiming is, why it is a powerful patent drafting tool and some potential pitfalls. By Jonathan Lamberson and Alexander Pechette.
Arbitration: A Way to Advance Patent Litigation During the COVID-19 Crisis
Clients and their litigation teams face short and long-term scheduling uncertainty during the COVID-19 crisis. In the fog of uncertainty, consider arbitration as a way to advance patent litigation. By Benjamin C. Elacqua, Karrie Wheatley.
Patent Local Rules: Knowing Them Well Can Make Litigating Your Case Smoother
Several federal district courts have enacted patent local rules that streamline how patent cases are litigated. What are patent local rules, how are they applied, and why should you know them intimately? By Kayleigh McGlynn, Madelyn McCormick, Michael A. Amon, Ricardo Bonilla, Megan Chacon, and Jason Wolff.
Whom Do I Sue and When Do I Pierce the Corporate Veil? When Corporate Officers Can Also Be Personally Liable for Patent Infringement
Who you sue implicates your chances of winning and getting damages. When selecting defendants, don't overlook the opportunity to pierce the corporate veil. By Jeremy T. Saks and Susan Morrison.
Patent Law Essentials
How to Get a Patent
Monetizing and Enforcing Patents
Monetizing Patents through Partnerships: University Partnerships with Law Firms and Industry
Patent Litigation in District Court
Who Do I Sue and When Do I Pierce the Corporate Veil? When Corporate Officers Can Also Be Personally Liable for Patent Infringement
What is ITC Litigation and Why Should I Care?
Copyright Law Essentials
Copyright Registrations
Trade Secret Law Essentials
What is Trade Secret?
How to Protect Trade Secrets
Trade Secret and Employment
California Trade Secret Law
Emerging Issues and Evolving Laws


Classic updates to this precious 5 BR home includes granite kitchen counters and marble bathroom counters. Master BR features private access to the large covered patio. Enjoy utilizing the rear yard access, great for storing boat/trailer in the fully fenced backyard. Located in the back of the neighborhood so there is no thru traffic. Bonne Ecole school district. Short 30 min away from Ms, New Orleans, & Mandeville/Covington, area, great for commuters. Flood insurance only $522 per year.
Listing provided courtesy of Elizabeth Westervelt of Latter & Blum Inc/Realtors.


Social media advertising. Most channels require significant lead time to yield an ROI (ex. Some channels yield quick results but not day in and day out (ex. And some channels are consistent but time consuming to dial in (ex. Get a Free Social Advertising Evaluation.
In a survey, 93% of marketers planned to put over $10k into influencer marketing channels this year, making influencers one of the fastest growing trends for marketing ad spend. Chances are that you and your business have considered influencer marketing.
Especially if you haven't considered social media as a viable way to increase your revenue. If you want to be present in the online world across multiple channels, it's now possible and in fact, highly encouraged. Social networks are visited by tens of millions of people.
Get Connected: The 2017 Social Landscape from ChannelAdvisor. Keeping up with social media isn't easy. We can say with utmost confidence that the only constant in social media lately has been change, making everyone's lives just a little more hectic. 2016 was a big year for social media. It was the year that the lines between social media platform and video hosting platform blurred forever.
If you have a growing business and finally have the resources to invest in marketing, you'll want to ensure that you advertise in a way that maximizes your budget and ROI using optimal advertising channels. For most businesses, the must natural advertising channel is social media, and rightfully so. billion people will be on social media networks , and by 2021 that number will exceed 3 billion. Choosing the Right Social Media Platform.
The influence of social media on commerce is now undeniable, even if the […]. The post Four Ways To Inspire And Delight On Social Media This Holiday Season appeared first on The Omni Channel.
Before there was Myspace, Facebook, or any other social media channel there was e-mail. When social media channels began growing in popularity—marketers were naturally all over it. Digital marketers use email and social media to reach larger audiences.
Email has reached a saturation point as a channel. If you've only invested in email marketing, you're not only missing out on massive revenue opportunities from other channels, you also risk losing business by annoying customers with overwhelming amounts of emails. Another channel to use instead of sending an email is push notifications , which you can either send on the web, through your mobile app, or via text message. Get creative on social.
What makes this channel different from other marketing methods like email marketing is the results. I can leverage one of my marketing channels by combining it with another. This is another case of using two different channels to get information and engage your users.


Armed with his beautiful 1964 Gibson acoustic, Will's sound is smooth, laid back and classy. However when a more upbeat performance is required, Will can get the party going with some great covers of some classic party songs . An experienced and accomplished musician and performer Will provides a top class PA system, lights and can also provide a DJ set if required. He is also available to book with backing musicians for more of a party vibe.
As standard, Will provides a professorial PA system, and can play playlist through his PA system before and after the live performance. He also offers the option of formal or informal stage wear. As always there is an option to add on a DJ set at a small additional fee and provide LED lighting as well. Standard set lengths are 2 x 45 minutes but can be tailored to the needs of the client. Will works incredibly well during wedding ceremonies, drinks receptions dinner parties and corporate events. A live music consultation is available to discuss your needs.
"Just wanted to say a big thank you to Will and the the Band for a fantastic night, we had so many people asking about the band and saying how good they were. We were impressed by the professionalism, courtesy, and the musical expertise shown, not to mention the great choice of music. I do hope the band enjoyed the evening as much as we did."
"Just wanted to get in touch to say thank you so much to you and the guys for being so awesome at the wedding! The music was perfect, I hope you guys enjoyed it!! I'll certainly be recommending you guys to anyone looking for a band for their wedding."
"Just wanted to thank you all for playing at the party - it was absolutely fantastic. Seriously couldn't have hoped for more. Set list was ideal and you saw from the reaction how well it went down. I've subsequently heard from so many people about how impressed they were with you guys."
"Will, we would just like to thank you for performing at our wedding on Saturday evening. You and your band were absolutely amazing and extremely talented. I received numerous of lovely comments from my guests all night long, thank you."


LLC operating agreements are fairly standard across all states, but LLC members in Ohio can take advantage of ready-made templates made specifically for the Buckeye State. Operating agreements provide a framework to guide LLC members in their duties, responsibilities and rights in the company. Although operating agreements are not legally required in all states when setting up an LLC -- Ohio does not require one --- drafting one can help members to perform their jobs efficiently.
The operating agreement begins with basic information about the company and its formation, including the name, formation date and purpose. The company's address and specified term -- if anything other than perpetual -- should be listed as well. Agreements also include contact information for a registered agent, who will be the go-to contact for official communications from the state.
The Ohio operating agreement grants rights to members by setting forth the distribution of profits and the managerial authority of each member. The agreement stipulates whether a capital account exists in the company on which members can draw, and how often withdrawals can be made. Whether members' contributions will earn interest over time, and whether members have a right to recoup their original investment on demand, is stipulated as well.
Members' responsibilities and expectations are set forth in the agreement as well. The agreement also specifies the up-front capital contributions of each member, as well any future contribution requirements. Managerial duties and responsibilities are listed as well.
Members agree upon accounting methods -- whether cash or accrual basis and whether single- or double-entry -- and stipulate them in the operating agreement. Other items addressed in the agreement include the dates of the chosen fiscal year and the types of bank accounts used for company funds.
Ohio LLC operating agreements include provisions for the transfer of membership stakes from an existing member to a new party, whether voluntary or performed by the will of all other members. Provisions for the dissolution of the company are included as well, setting forth how assets will be liquidated, how obligations will be covered and how any leftover assets will be distributed among the members.
Does an LLC Need to Place a Value on Each Membership?
An LLC should place a value on each membership. A membership interest is the value of all of the rights enjoyed by LLC owners, called members, including their monetary investment, voting rights and ability to share in the LLC's profits. A member's interest is based on the value of the company as a whole. Two popular methods are used to establish an LLC's value, and a member's interest is then valued by the conditions and percentage of his membership.


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Home » projects » Cherry Point Refinery Upgrade
Cherry Point Refinery Upgrade
Oil & GasDownstreamRefinery
Project Type :
Oil refinery upgrade
Blaine, Washington, USA
Owner/Operator :
251,000bpd
Nelson Complexity Index :
Operations Started :
The Cherry Point refinery located in Blaine is the biggest oil refinery in Washington and the third biggest refinery on the US West Coast.
British multinational oil and gas company BP owns and operates the refinery, which has been operational since 1971. BP (formerly BP Amoco) took control of the refinery by acquiring Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) in 2001.
The Cherry Point refinery was originally designed to process 100,000 barrels of Alaska North Slope crude oil a day, but can now process a variety of crude, including heavy Canadian oil. The refinery's crude distillation capacity has been expanded to 251,000 barrels a day (bpd) with a Nelson Complexity Index of 10.
BP announced to invest £198.5m ($269m) on three key projects to improve refinery efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and more than double renewable diesel output of the Cherry Point refinery in October 2021. The investment is in line with BP's target to achieve net zero emissions across its operations and halve the carbon intensity of its products by 2050.
The Cherry Point refinery in Washington, US has been operational since 1971. Image courtesy of bp p.l.c
BP has been the owner and operator of the Cherry Point refinery since 2001. Image courtesy of bp Images/Flickr.
BP announced a £198.5m ($269m) investment to upgrade the Cherry Point refinery in October 2021. Image courtesy of Rongy Benjamin/Flickr.
The three projects at the refinery include the £124.7m ($169m) hydrocracker improvement project (HIP), the £40.6m ($55m) cooling water infrastructure (CWI) project, and the £33.2m ($45m) renewable diesel optimisation (RDO) project.
Cherry Point refinery location and feedstock details
The Cherry Point refinery facility occupies approximately 3,300 along the Strait of Georgia, in Blaine, Whatcom County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest, US.
The refinery processes Canadian oil, as well the crude from North Dakota and Alaska North Slope.
Refinery processes and product details
The key processing units at the Cherry Point oil refinery include a 139,000bpd vacuum distillation unit, a 65,000bpd hydrocracking unit, a 65,000bpd catalytic reforming unit, as well as a 102,000bpd hydrotreating unit for gasoline and naphtha, a 79,000bpd hydrotreating unit for jet fuel and distillates , and a 62,000bpd coker unit.
A 25,000bpd ultra-low sulphur diesel hydrotreating unit and a hydrogen unit capable of producing 44 million cubic feet (Mcf) of hydrogen a day were also commissioned at the refinery in May 2013.
The refinery products include petrol, diesel, jet fuel, and other specialty products such as anode-grade calcined coke, which is sold to aluminium smelters.
The Cherry Point refinery is the biggest supplier of jet fuel to the Seattle, Portland and Vancouver international airports.
Cherry Point hydrocracker improvement project
The hydrocracker improvement project (HIP) is intended to improve the refinery's efficiency and reduce planned maintenance. The £124.7m ($169m) project will also cut down on flaring and unit shutdowns.
Hydrocracking involves processing heavy oils at high temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen to produce petrol, diesel and jet fuel.
Improvement to the Cherry Point refinery's hydrocracker unit will result in less consumption of hydrogen and lower heat input.
The hydrogen used by the hydrocracker unit is produced by conversion of natural gas at the refinery, which causes CO2 emissions. Hence, lower hydrogen consumption by the hydrocracker will result in lesser CO2 emissions.
Work on the hydrocracker upgrade is expected to begin by the end of 2021 and be completed in 2023.
Cooling water infrastructure upgrade at Cherry Point refinery
The cooling water infrastructure (CWI) project will upgrade the cooling water system of the refinery with an estimated investment of £40.6m ($55m).
The project is intended to improve utilisation and energy efficiency of the refinery's cooling towers allowing the refinery to maintain an optimum cooling water temperature throughout the year.
The CWI project, together with the hydrocracker improvement project, is expected to reduce CO2 emissions of the refinery by 160,000 tonnes (t) a year.
Works on the CWI project will also commence in 2021 and are slated for completion in 2023.
Expansion of renewable diesel production capacity
The £33.2m ($45m) renewable diesel optimisation (RDO) project is expected to increase the refinery's renewable diesel production capacity by more than 100% to 2.6 million barrels a year. The project is expected to be completed in 2022.
The Cherry Point refinery became the first refinery in the Pacific Northwest to start co-processing biomass-based feedstock along with conventional petroleum feedstock in a diesel hydrodesulfurisation (DHDS) unit in January 2018.
The DHDS unit at the Cherry Point refinery processes biomass-based feedstock such as vegetable oils and rendered animal fats. This fuel produced through co-processing at the refinery is chemically identical to petroleum diesel.
The RDO project will increase the renewable fuel processing capacity of the DHDS unit from 2,900bpd to 7,250bpd.
Contractors involved in Cherry Point refinery upgrade
Sypris Technologies, a subsidiary of Sypris Solutions, was contracted to supply specialty high-pressure closures for the Cherry Point refinery renewable diesel optimisation project in June 2021.
Sypris Technologies' Tube Turns® Tool-less® closures are selected for filtration systems to upgrade the Cherry Point refinery.
Matrix Service has been engaged as the maintenance contractor for BP's Cherry Point refinery since 2003.
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text:
All the President's Justices
Barack Obama and John Roberts make history as they repeat it.
By Dahlia Lithwick
See all of Slate's inauguration coverage.
Barack Obama will take the oath of office this week on the same Bible used to swear in Abraham Lincoln in 1861. Lincoln was sworn in by then-Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney. This means that when Chief Justice John Roberts administers the oath of office, Obama will lay his hand on the Bible once used for the same purpose by the author of the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sanford.
It is in some ways the symbolic closing of a constitutional circle. Obama will be the first black president of the United States. Taney, writing Dred Scott in 1857, concluded that blacks could never even be citizens. Taney ranted that blacks were "beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations, and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect." It was one of the most shameful court decisions in history, and Lincoln made his opposition toDred Scott a cornerstone of his political career.
The parallels and contrasts between Lincoln/Taney and Obama/Roberts are worth considering, particularly in light of the fact that Obama voted against Roberts' confirmation in 2005, saying: "I hope that I am wrong. I hope that this reticence on my part proves unjustified. … I hope that he will recognize who the weak are and who the strong are in our society. I hope that his jurisprudence is one that stands up to the bullies of all ideological stripes." (Obama will be the first president sworn in by a justice he voted not to confirm.)
Is there anything to be learned from the two historic pairings? Taney's opinion inDred Scott is seen by constitutional scholars as a departure from the careful, pragmatic, and scholarly approach of his early judicial career. And one of the few Roberts decisions seen as extreme and ideological also involves race. In a 2007 opinion in a case invalidating voluntary school programs in Seattle and Kentucky that sought to maintain diversity by taking account of race, the measured Roberts strayed from his reputation as a careful legal minimalist. Comparing voluntary affirmative-action programs to the kinds of Jim Crow segregation proscribed inBrown v. Board of Education, he wrote, "BeforeBrown, schoolchildren were told where they could and could not go to school based on the color of their skin. The school districts in these cases have not carried the heavy burden of demonstrating that we should allow this once again."
Roberts' comparison of voluntary affirmative action to forced racial segregation was so uncharacteristically broad and polemical that Justice Anthony Kennedy rebuked him for his "all-too-unyielding insistence that race cannot be a factor in instances when, in my view, it may be taken into account." Roberts' affirmative-action decision is in no way comparable toDred Scott (beyond the way that it is, in places, overheated and ahistoric). More important, the tension between Taney and Lincoln on the issue of slavery has no parallel when it comes to Roberts and Obama. Indeed, Obama's own opaque pronouncements about affirmative action—including his statement that he would not want his daughters to benefit from it—suggest he and Roberts share a vision of an America in which affirmative action is unnecessary but disagree about how to get there. The Supreme Court has just agreed to hear another hotly contested case about race, which may reveal just where Roberts and Obama disagree.
There are other important parallels between Lincoln/Taney and Obama/ Roberts. Taney loudly opposed Lincoln's incursions into civil liberties in the interest of national security. In 1861, Taney pushed back against Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus with a strongly worded opinion in a case calledEx Parte Merryman, holding that the writ of habeas corpus could be suspended only by legislation, not by presidential order.
It gets better: Not only did Lincoln ignore Taney'sMerryman decision, but he responded with the most famous rhetorical defense of broad executive power in wartime: "Are all the laws, but one, to go unexecuted, and the government itself go to pieces, lest that one be violated?" If George Bush owes a debt of gratitude to Lincoln for that line, the Supreme Court's liberals should thank Taney forMerryman, cited in a 2004 decision rebuking the Bush administration for its assertions of expansive presidential war powers.
Today, the constitutional shoe is on the other foot. Roberts is a proponent of strong executive power in wartime. Since 9/11, he has joined opinions supporting the idea that Congress authorized the president to set up whatever military tribunal he deemed appropriate. And he dissented in a decision last spring that afforded more robust rights to detainees at Guantanamo—insisting that detainees there enjoyed "the most generous set of procedural protections ever afforded aliens detained by this country as enemy combatants." Obama, for his part, lauded that 2008 Guantanamo decision as "a rejection of the Bush Administration's attempt to create a legal black hole at Guantanamo." Whether Obama's views on presidential war powers will become closer to Roberts' when Obama dons the commander-in-chief stripes remains to be seen.
Perhaps the most useful lesson to be learned when Obama is sworn in by Roberts—on the Bible last used ceremonially by two men who loathed each other—lies in the fact that Obama and Roberts actually have far more in common than their rhetoric might suggest. Both are gifted attorneys. Both are charismatic and respected by peers across the ideological spectrum. Both claim to seek unanimity and moderation. And both are devoted to putting America's racial divisions behind us—even if they disagree on the mechanism. Roberts and Obama certainly differ on presidential powers and judicial philosophy. But that will matter not at all this week when they stand side by side and swear on a Bible once held by two men who could never have imagined this day would come.
A version of this column also appears in this week's Newsweek.


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Music > Albums >
Good Grief (Don Diablo Remix) – Single – Bastille
Name Artist Time Price
Good Grief (Don Diablo Remix) Bastille 3:59 $1.29
View More By Bastille
Formed: 2010 in London, England
Combining glossy '80s synth pop and arena-friendly choruses on singles such as "Pompeii," London's Bastille sold millions of their debut album Bad Blood. The group began as the solo project of singer/songwriter Dan Smith -- whose birthday is July 14 (aka Bastille Day) but became a full-fledged band in 2010 with the addition of Chris Wood, William Farquarson, and Kyle Simmons. Bastille attracted a lot of attention after putting a few tracks online, leading to support slots at major U.K. festivals...
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Pompeii Bad Blood 3:34 $1.29
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Flaws Bad Blood 3:38 $1.29
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Pompeii All This Bad Blood 3:34 $1.29
Oblivion Bad Blood 3:16 $1.29
Of the Night All This Bad Blood 3:34 $1.29
Good Grief Wild World (Deluxe) 3:26 $1.29
What Would You Do All This Bad Blood 3:03 $1.29
Pompeii (Audien Remix) Pompeii (Audien Remix) - Si.. 5:52 $1.29


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Once you have that integrity piece and you implement it, you gain confidence. You can take people's opinions or leave them based on what you are working towards.
When you have integrity and you idealize, you can really commit. You can go all in. You can commit to doing the work that you need to do to work towards the outcome that you want. You are realistic that it may end differently than you plan, but you commit to doing what you need to do to get where you want to be.
When you idealize and implement this allows you to give up the outcome while maintaining the commitment to do whatever you can to create what you want. This is you controlling the controllable and letting go of what you cannot control.
This is about setting the bar higher, while at the same time being open minded. Not being disillusioned or completely delusional about how things could turn out, but being open minded and setting the bar for yourself higher. letting go of those voices that are telling you that you aren't good enough, that you're not worthy. Whatever it is you are feeling this negativity around changes when you begin to maximize your expectations. Right there in the centre where all these things come together is the sweet spot of FLOURISHING as a Fitmama, right where you are today. Allowing you to set up those things that you need to set up to keep you aligned with that goal.
Three things I am going to leave you with to help you maximize your expectations of yourself.
1.) Daydream! – Yep! This is your homework. If you did this as a youngster, you were told to smarten up I bet. Have a purpose to daydream and imagine all that could be because all that could be, can be if you want it to be. Allow yourself to start dreaming big. Get back to that place that you were in as a kid with the curiosity and wonderment. Open your mind to the possibilities that could be. Do some work around this, take some time and implement this. Sit down with your journal and take the time to daydream.
2.) Choose who to ask the right questions to – Who's validation are you seeking? Who are you asking these questions to? It's very important the questions we ask, not only to others, but of ourselves. A lot of the time I think to myself "I am not even going to ask this question to this person because I know what they are going to tell me." Maybe. Maybe not. Consider before you ask, what are you looking for from this person? Are you seeking validation? Is this person someone you want to seek validation from? Consider this when you ask even simple questions. Simple but powerful questions to ask yourself when you are taking big actions or big risks.
3.) Aim high and COMMIT! – and then don't compare yourself to anyone else. If I compared myself to everyone else who told me a story about birth that was traumatic and painful and long I may not have been open to the possibility that I could have a quick and almost pain free birth. No two things can be exactly the same, and if we want to emulate someone, if we look just at the surface it might not be telling us everything we need to know.
Get out there and DO IT! Start to maximize your expectations for yourself. This helps you not only in that innerness and enjoying yourself piece of being a fitmama, it also can spread out to all other areas of your life.


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Changes to Stark Law's Foundational Terminology Reviewed by Momizat on Mar 17 . Valuation Implications On November 20, 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final rule to modernize and clarify the Stark Law. Valuation Implications On November 20, 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final rule to modernize and clarify the Stark Law. Rating: 0
You Are Here: Home » Healthcare » Changes to Stark Law's Foundational Terminology
Changes to Stark Law's Foundational Terminology
Posted date: March 17, 2021 In: Healthcare, QuickRead Top Story
Valuation Implications
On November 20, 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final rule to modernize and clarify the Stark Law. The Stark Law governs those physicians (or their immediate family members) who have a financial relationship with an entity, and prohibits those individuals from making Medicare referrals to those entities for the provision of designated health services (DHS). Notably, the law contains a large number of exceptions, which describe ownership interests, compensation arrangements, and forms of remuneration to which the Stark Law does not apply. This article will focus on the definitional changes to commercial reasonableness, fair market value (FMV), and general market value.
On November 20, 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final rule to modernize and clarify the Stark Law.[1] The Stark Law governs those physicians (or their immediate family members) who have a financial relationship (i.e., an ownership investment interest or a compensation arrangement) with an entity, and prohibits those individuals from making Medicare referrals to those entities for the provision of designated health services (DHS).[2] Notably, the law contains a large number of exceptions, which describe ownership interests, compensation arrangements, and forms of remuneration to which the Stark Law does not apply.[3]
Many of the exceptions to the Stark Law require that one or more of the following requirements be met: that the compensation arrangement be commercially reasonable, that the compensation methodology not be determined in a manner that takes into account the volume or value of referrals (or other business generated between the parties), and that the amount of compensation paid be fair market value (FMV).[4] This article will focus on the definitional changes to commercial reasonableness, FMV, and general market value.
Commercial Reasonableness
In the final rule, CMS recognized that it had only addressed the concept of commercial reasonableness once, in a 1998 proposed rule, interpreting the term "commercially reasonable" to mean an arrangement that appears to be: "… a sensible, prudent business agreement, from the perspective of the particular parties involved, even in the absence of any potential referrals."[5]
To provide some clarity, CMS finalized its definition of the term as follows:
"Commercially reasonable means that the particular arrangement furthers a legitimate business purpose of the parties to the arrangement and is sensible, considering the characteristics of the parties, including their size, type, scope, and specialty. An arrangement may be commercially reasonable even if it does not result in profit for one or more of the parties."[6]
CMS noted that the finalized definition "is consistent with the guidance we provided in the 1998 proposed rule [set forth above], appropriately considers the characteristics of the parties to the actual arrangement being assessed for its commercial reasonableness and will adequately ensure that parties cannot protect abusive arrangements under the guise of 'commercial reasonableness.'"[7]
CMS dedicated a sizable portion of the final rule to a discussion of the phrase "furthers a legitimate business purpose of the parties," contained within the commercial reasonableness definition. While CMS acknowledged that "identifying the business purpose of an arrangement may entail an inquiry into the parties' intent for the arrangement," the requirement that the arrangement further a legitimate business purpose of the parties "would be considered only after the determination that there actually exists a legitimate business purpose for the arrangement."[8] According to CMS, some of the purposes that could "qualify as 'legitimate business purposes' of the parties to an arrangement," includes:
Addressing community need;
Providing timely access to healthcare services;
Fulfilling licensure or regulatory obligations, such as those under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA);
Providing charity care; and,
Improving quality and health outcomes.[9]
Historically, the Stark Law has defined FMV generally (with additional modifications of the definition as applies to equipment leases and office space leases[10]) as:
"the value in arm's-length transactions, consistent with the general market value … Usually, the fair market price is the price at which bona fide sales have been consummated for assets of like type, quality, and quantity in a particular market at the time of acquisition, or the compensation that has been included in bona fide service agreements with comparable terms at the time of the agreement, where the price or compensation has not been determined in any manner that takes into account the volume or value of anticipated or actual referrals."[11]
CMS restructured the FMV definition by establishing three separate FMV definitions: (1) generally, (2) for the rental of equipment, and (3) for the rental of office space.[12] However, the agency emphasized that "the proposed structure of the definition merely reorganizes for clarity, but does not significantly differ from the [previous] statutory language" of the Stark Law.[13]
CMS finalized the three separate FMV definitions as follows:
General—The value in an arm's-length transaction:
a. Consistent with the general market value of the subject transaction.
Rental of equipment—With respect to the rental of equipment, the value in an arm's-length transaction:
b. Of rental property for general commercial purposes (not taking into account its intended use); and,
c. Consistent with the general market value of the subject transaction.
Rental of office space—With respect to the rental of office space, the value in an arm's-length transaction:
a. Of rental property for general commercial purposes (not taking into account its intended use);
b. Without adjustment to reflect the additional value the prospective lessee or lessor would attribute to the proximity or convenience to the lessor where the lessor is a potential source of patient referrals to the lessee; and,
c. Consistent with the general market value of the subject transaction.[14]
Notably, the revised definition of FMV (as well as the revised definition of general market value, discussed below) eliminates the connection to the volume or value standard. CMS noted that "a careful reading of the statute shows that the FMV requirement is separate and distinct from the volume or value standard and the other business generated standard," and thus there is no need to intertwine the discrete standards.[15]
The prior version of the Stark Law required that FMV "be consistent with the general market value," which was defined as:
"… the price that an asset would bring as the result of bona fide bargaining between well-informed buyers and sellers who are not otherwise in a position to generate business for the other party, or the compensation that would be included in a service agreement as the result of bona fide bargaining between well-informed parties to the agreement who are not otherwise in a position to generate business for the other party, on the date of acquisition of the asset or at the time of the service agreement."[16]
In addition to the delineated definitions for FMV set forth above, CMS finalized its proposal to define general market value separately from FMV and delineate the definitions for general market value similar to the FMV definitions:
Assets: "the price that an asset would bring on the date of acquisition of the asset as the result of bona fide bargaining between a well-informed buyer and seller that are not otherwise in a position to generate business for each other."
Compensation: "the compensation that would be paid at the time the parties enter into the service arrangement as the result of bona fide bargaining between well-informed parties that are not otherwise in a position to generate business for each other."
Rental of equipment or office space: "the price that rental property would bring at the time the parties enter into the rental arrangement as the result of bona fide bargaining between a well-informed lessor and lessee that are not otherwise in a position to generate business for each other."[17]
The October 2019 proposed rule discussed the equivalence of general market value and "'market value,' the term uniformly used in the valuation industry."[18] However, in the final rule, CMS admitted that its "use of the term 'market value' in our preamble discussion, although not carried into the proposed definition of 'general market value,' may have been inaccurate."[19] In response to those commenters who pointed out that general market value does not equate to the market value of a transaction as such terminology is used in the valuation industry, CMS did not finalize its proposed statements equating general market value with market value, reasoning that, "if finalized, [our proposals] could have had an unintended limiting effect on the regulated community, as well as the valuation community."[20]
CMS spent a significant amount of space in the final rule reconciling the terms FMV and general market value, stating that it:
"continue[s] to believe that the [FMV] of a transaction—and particularly, compensation for physician services—may not always align with published valuation data compilations, such as salary surveys. In other words, the rate of compensation set forth in a salary survey may not always be identical to the worth of a particular physician's services."[21]
In making its point, CMS discussed when "extenuating circumstances may dictate that parties to an arm's length transaction veer from values identified in salary surveys and other valuation data compilations that are not specific to the actual parties to the subject transaction,"[22] and responded to several comments on the reliance on salary surveys:
"It appears from the comments that stakeholders may have been under the impression that it is CMS policy that reliance on salary surveys will result, in all cases, in a determination of [FMV] for a physician's professional services. It is not CMS policy that salary surveys necessarily provide an accurate determination of [FMV] in all cases … Consulting salary schedules or other hypothetical data is an appropriate starting point in the determination of [FMV], and in many cases, it may be all that is required."[23]
"[W]e agree that a hospital may find it necessary to pay a physician above what is in the salary schedule, especially where there is a compelling need for the physician's services. For example, in an area that has two interventional cardiologists but no cardiothoracic surgeon who could perform surgery in the event of an emergency during a catheterization, a hospital may need to pay above the amount indicated at a particular percentile in a salary schedule to attract and employ a cardiothoracic surgeon."[24]
"We are uncertain why the commenters believe that it is CMS policy that compensation set at or below the 75th percentile in a salary schedule is always appropriate, and that compensation set above the 75th percentile is suspect, if not presumed inappropriate. The commenters are incorrect that this is CMS policy."[25]
The most significant takeaways from the Stark Law final rule stem from CMS's acknowledgment that: not all physicians, or compensation arrangements, are the same; compensation arrangements may have qualitative benefits that outweigh quantitative costs, i.e., profitability; and salary surveys are only a starting point in the valuation of a healthcare transaction. These revisions further demonstrate the need for valuation professionals in the healthcare industry who utilize an evidence-driven methodology that includes both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the specific facts and circumstances related to the transaction; document their consideration of these facts and circumstances; and articulate their ultimate applicability to the transaction in support of their opinion.
[1] "HHS Makes Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute Reforms to Support Coordinated, Value-Based Care" U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, November 20, 2020, https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/11/20/hhs-makes-stark-law-and-anti-kickback-statute-reforms-support-coordinated-value-based-care.html (Accessed 2/11/21).
[2] "Limitation on Certain Physician Referrals" 42 U.S.C. § 1395nn.
[4] "Medicare Program; Modernizing and Clarifying the Physician Self-Referral Regulations" Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 232, (December 2, 2020), p. 77507.
[5] Ibid., p. 77530.
[10] Ibid.), p. 77506.
[11] "Definitions" 42 C.F.R. § 411.351.
[12] "Medicare Program; Modernizing and Clarifying the Physician Self-Referral Regulations" Federal Register, Vol. 85, No. 232, (December 2, 2020), p. 77553.
[15] Ibid., p. 77552.
[18] "Medicare Program; Modernizing and Clarifying the Physician Self-Referral Regulations" Federal Register Vol. 84, No. 201 (October 17, 2019), p. 55798.
Todd A. Zigrang, MBA, MHA, ASA, CVA, FACHE, is president of Health Capital Consultants, where he focuses on the areas of valuation and financial analysis for hospitals and other healthcare enterprises. Mr. Zigrang has significant physician-integration and financial analysis experience and has participated in the development of a physician-owned, multispecialty management service organization and networks involving a wide range of specialties, physician owned hospitals as well as several limited liability companies for acquiring acute care and specialty hospitals, ASCs, and other ancillary facilities.
Mr. Zigrang can be contacted at (800) 394-8258 or by e-mail to tzigrang@healthcapital.com.
Jessica Bailey-Wheaton, Esq., is Vice President and General Counsel for Heath Capital Consultants, where she conducts project management and consulting services related to the impact of both federal and state regulations on healthcare exempt organization transactions, and provides research services necessary to support certified opinions of value related to the Fair Market Value and Commercial Reasonableness of transactions related to healthcare enterprises, assets, and services. She is a member of the Missouri and Illinois Bars and holds a JD, with a concentration in Health Law, from Saint Louis University School of Law.
Ms. Bailey-Wheaton can be contacted at (800) 394-8258 or by e-mail to jbailey@healthcapital.com.
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Celebrating Impractical Physicists
By the Editor on August 2, 2012 in Around_the_Web
Do you think cutting-edge scientists should earn as much as star athletes, celebrity artists or Wall Street bankers? The Russian billionaire investor Yuri Milner does, and this week he put his money where his heart is, depositing $3 million in the bank accounts of each of the nine theoretical physicists he judged to be doing the most brilliant work in their field. They are the first recipients of the Fundamental Physics Prize, a new honor created by Mr. Milner. It is the most lucrative academic award in the world, and will henceforth be given to one winner each year.
Milner, who studied physics for a decade before making his fortune in prescient Internet investments, said he decided to create such a rich prize because he thinks the compensation of top scientists is out of whack in 21st-century society. A major goal of the awards is to raise public awareness of physics, partly through the popular lecture each winner will be invited to deliver.
Tags:BIG History, BIG Problems, BIG Questions, Culture, Economics, Education, Epistemology, Information, Teaching Big History, Technoscience, Values & Virtues


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    public void setSource(String value) {
        this.source = value;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our company INTERGRAPH EMIRATES (L.L.C) belongs to category Computer Consultancies, located in the city of Dubai. Our company address is Po Box 24294, Dubai, Dubai. You can find out the information you need by calling 04 3367555. The location of the company INTERGRAPH EMIRATES (L.L.C) and directions can be found on our interactive map.


Signs That Your Furnace Is Dirty And In Need Of Cleaning - furnace repairs - do it yourself?
If you have a forced air heating system, and you do not complete regular maintenance on the device, then you may be looking at an expensive repair bill in the near future. And, a dirty furnace is one thing that can cause a problem and lead to repair issues. You can complete some of the cleaning on your own, and there are many signs that your furnace is dirty and in need of cleaning. Keep reading to learn about a few of these signs.
If you have a forced air heating system, then there are a number of different of features that help to keep dust out of your house These include the general shape and function of the blower, the overall structure of the ductwork, and the position and shape of the vent openings. Of course, there are also filters that help to keep dust out of the system. Depending on your furnace and ducts, you may have two or more filters. One filter can often be found on the air intake and the other sits close to the plenum.
If all of these different features fail and you see dust coming out of your vents and collecting on various indoor surfaces, then this is a sure sign that your furnace is quite dirty.
The first step is to check and replace filters, but you also may need to speak with your heating specialist about cleaning inside the blower and the furnace itself. Allow a professional to complete the cleaning so a general inspection can be completed at the same time.
If you have a gas, oil, or propane heating system, then it is always wise to check the flame of the device to make sure that combustion is occurring properly. Combustion involves just the right combination of fuel and air, and the flame will be a blue color if it is efficient and correct.
Check your flame, and if it is a yellow or orange color, or if the flame is small or low, then this is a sign that the burner is dirty. Also, dirt may be present on the vents that allow air into the combustion area and the fuel nozzle may be caked with debris as well.
A simple cleaning can sometimes fix the combustion issue, but if you do not see a blue flame after your cleaning, then it is wise to speak with your heating professional about the issue.
For more information, talk to companies like All Arctic Air.


I just want to say thanks to Stephanie for making giving my blog the personality it rightful deserves!
As I stated yesterday, I have turned my Zucchini and some of the Green Onions into grilled veggie goodness. I find grilling to be a lot of fun and it's the best way to cook during the summertime. It adds to the feeling of warm weather and laying on the beach. I must admit I have been a long-time yellow squash lover, but for some reason I could never catch on to Zucchini.
Since I've become re-Lactose Intolerant, (I was born with it, then it disappeared and in recent years reappeared), and also now being an avid juicer, my tastebuds have shifted tremendously and I find myself experimenting more with vegetables never used to eat. I found a recipe for grilling each vegetable, but I realized it was a good start but only a guide because there is not much to grilling veggies. You just have to keep an eye on them so they don't burn.
I cut up 2 Zucchinis, cut the roots off of 3 Green Onions, and threw in 2 Anaheim peppers from my garden (just to see how they would do). I sprinkled garlic powder, salt, pepper, and cumin on the veggies. Next I tossed them with a nice coat of extra virgin olive oil.
Next place your vegegtables on the grill. Make sure to use tongs because the grill will be hot. Once you have all of them on their close the grill and let it work it's magic. If you'd like you can also stand at the grill to cook them. The goal is to cook the Zucchini until it slightly soft. Overcooking them will make them mushy.
Mmm...there are nothing like grill marks on food!
Now check your veggies, especially the Zucchini. If it feels soft to the tongs, it's ready (roughly 8 - 10 minutes total). Place them on a plate to serve!


Excellent Location In Oakland Gardens/Bayside! Sunny And Renovated Detached Corner Ranch On A Great Block!Over-Sized Corner Property Overlooking Beautiful Park. Many New Upgrades Including New Kit & Baths, New Floors, New Windows, Gas Heating System! Private Fenced In Yard! School District 26- Zoned For Cardoza Hs! Convenient To Transportation And Shopping!
3Br Colonial Located On Quiet Tree Line Street. Nice Sized Private Backyard For Entertaining (With Awning And Wooden Deck, House Has Full Open Layout Finished Basement, Sd#26, Cac.


In February 1999 The Victors' opened the doors to their newly renovated 15,000 square foot training facility at Northgate Plaza in Greece. The Victors is the only private gymnastics facility located in northwest Monroe County, and the first and only cheerleading training center in Rochester. "We knew that there was a real need for a private gymnastics and cheerleading training facility to serve Greece and the surrounding areas. The response has been beyond our expectations with students coming from as far as Canandaigua to Batavia." In 2007 Victors moved to their current location at 675 Ling Road in Greece. The new Victors Gym is a 17,280 square foot state-of-the-art training facility with in-ground foam pits and all the "bells and whistles"!
The Victors Gym is a USA Gymnastics Member Club. We provide a unique and personalized approach to gymnastics and cheerleading instruction for girls and boys ages 2 and up. Our motto is "Lifting Kids Up to Excellence!". In just a few short years The Victors Gym has established a tradition of excellence which has come about through the dedication and hard work of our staff that is here to serve you. We have excelled, and will continue to excel, because of one thing – good people working together as a team to do what's right for the students we serve!
The Victors is owned and operated by Club Director, Michael Mordenga a life long Greece resident, former Greece Arcadia gymnast, and University of Michigan gymnast and cheerleader. Michael is a professional member of USA Gymnastics. He is Safety Certified through the USAG, and has several other USAG program certifications. Michael is also a Nationally Certified Cheerleading Judge and "A" Rated Safety Judge.


HTML5 combines the features of HTML and XHTML into one powerful platform that can help you design features that would have otherwise been very complicated with HTML 4. HTML 5 gives you a rich media experience with features like video, audio and other media including plug-ins using predefined syntax. HTML 5 has conquered the internet and is backed by many big IT giants in the world due to its versatility and wide mobile application, along with browser support. HTML undoubtedly is the flourishing future of the web world!
Well qualified and experienced team of HTML5 Developers who have worked on different HTML5 based web projects.
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In infant-directed speech (IDS) adults exaggerate speech (extended pitch range, longer vowels, hyperarticulated vowels etc.) more than in adult-directed speech (ADS) (Burnham et al., 2002). While reports that such exaggerations occur across languages - Swedish, Russian, and English (Kuhl et al., 1997), Thai and English (Kitamura et al., 2002), and Japanese and English (Andruski et al., 1999) - argue for universality of this phenomenon, other results suggest cross-language differences – less IDS vs. ADS pitch elevation in British than American English (Shute & Wheldall, 1989), and lack of IDS vs. ADS vowel space difference in Norwegian (Englund & Behne, 2005).
This study was motivated by the lack of universality in auditory-visual speech perception between Japanese and English adults. While there is pervasive influence of visual information in speech perception whenever it is available (McGurk & MacDonlad, 1977), this is stronger in English than Japanese adults (Sekiyama & Tohkura, 1993). This cross-language difference has its origins between 6 and 8 years when English, but not Japanese, children increase their use of visual speech information (Sekiyama & Burnham, 2004). Is it possible that this effect has its origin in parents' speech to their in infants?
A Japanese mother and an Australian English mother were video-recorded speaking to their 5-month-olds, and an adult, using four dolls - 'Boobaa', 'Baabaa', 'Biibaa', 'Buubaa'. Acoustic and phonetic analyses of these words showed that mothers produced longer vowels in IDS than ADS, with the difference most pronounced for /o:/ in English and /a:/ and /u:/ in Japanese. Mean and range fundamental frequency (pitch) was higher in IDS than ADS in English, but for Japanese only the mean was higher. Quadrilateral vowel areas calculated from the first and second formant values of the /o:/, /i:/, /a:/, and /u:/ vowels revealed vowel hyperarticulation in IDS both in Australian English and Japanese, though more so in Japanese. Not surprisingly, given the relative number of vowels (5 in Japanese, 14 in English), Japanese vowel space was generally larger, and interestingly, Japanese IDS showed less overlap between individual vowel ellipses than did English IDS. It is possible that the differences in Japanese and English use of visual information in speech perception are due to the greater ease with which Japanese vowels can be perceived via auditory-only information, thus requiring less use of visual information. Further data collection, and further analysis of the degree of visual hyperarticulation in speech is progressing.
Abstract: In infant-directed speech (IDS) adults exaggerate speech (extended pitch range, longer vowels, hyperarticulated vowels etc.) more than in adult-directed speech (ADS) (Burnham et al., 2002). While reports that such exaggerations occur across languages - Swedish, Russian, and English (Kuhl et al., 1997), Thai and English (Kitamura et al., 2002), and Japanese and English (Andruski et al., 1999) - argue for universality of this phenomenon, other results suggest cross-language differences – less IDS vs. ADS pitch elevation in British than American English (Shute & Wheldall, 1989), and lack of IDS vs. ADS vowel space difference in Norwegian (Englund & Behne, 2005).
Is Lexical Tone Exaggeration in Mandarin Infant-Directed Speech Related to Infants' Speech Perception?
Speech rate in infant-directed speech in Japanese is NOT slower than adult-directed speech.


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Search Results for: robert pattinson
Robert Pattinson tests positive for COVID. 'The Batman' shuts down production again.
This just goes to show that even with the highest safety precautions, it it still going to be a challenge for networks and studios to keep cameras rolling. Now comes word from the U.K. that The Batman star Robert Pattinson has tested positive for COVID-19. According to a report in Vanity Fair, Pattinson's positive test results … Continue reading "Robert Pattinson tests positive for COVID. 'The Batman' shuts down production again."
Author ColinPosted on September 3, 2020 September 6, 2020 Categories BREAKING NEWSTags COVID-19, Must Read, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, Warner Bros, Warner Brothers
Matt Reeves posts 1st look at Robert Pattinson as Batman
With apologies to our amazing publisher, Barbara L. Roche, this article will probably break The Reel 360 server. With filming well underway on the new Warner Bros film, The Batman, director Matt Reeves has decided to get ahead of the internet leaks and has posted a new video of actor Robert Pattinson dressed as the … Continue reading "Matt Reeves posts 1st look at Robert Pattinson as Batman"
Author ColinPosted on February 13, 2020 February 14, 2020 Categories FilmTags Andy serkis, Batman, Colin Farrell, DC Comics, DCEU, Matt Reeves, Paul Dano, Riddler, Robert Pattinson, Warner Bros
"It's not a call. It's a warning," declares Robert Battinson in Batman trailer
Finally. Today, at DC FanDome Warner Bros. capped the exciting day off with first a behind-the-scenes look at Matt Reeves' upcoming The Batman, starring Robert Pattinson. A ZOOM discussion between the director, Pattinson and Cat Woman, Zoe Kravitz followed. And then finally… a trailer. Finally. Cut us some slack, we are not being overly dramatic. … Continue reading ""It's not a call. It's a warning," declares Robert Battinson in Batman trailer"
Author ColinPosted on October 16, 2021 October 16, 2021 Categories TrailersTags Colin Ferrell, DC FanDome, Matt Reeves, Must Read, Paul Dano, The Batman, Warner Brothers, Zoe Kravitz
New 'Batman' set pics reveal Pattinson as Bruce Wayne
It would seem that cameras are absolutely rolling on Matt Reeves highly-anticipated The Batman. Earlier today, we got a glimpse of vehicles being set up for a shot. And now we seem to have our first look at The Lighthouse's Robert Pattinson as Bruce Wayne. A Twitter user named Wade Gravett managed to take these … Continue reading "New 'Batman' set pics reveal Pattinson as Bruce Wayne"
Author ColinPosted on January 6, 2020 January 6, 2020 Categories FilmTags Bruce Wayne, DC Comics, DCEU, Matt Reeves, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, Warner Bros
Here are all the deets for DC FanDome
If you're a DC Fan, and I am, there's only one thing that you will be doing this weekend and that is attending the online event of the year – DC FanDome. Having launched last year during quarantine, it is like a Comic-Con specifically for DC fanboys and fangirls, promising trailers, news and first-look previews … Continue reading "Here are all the deets for DC FanDome"
Author ColinPosted on October 15, 2021 October 15, 2021 Categories EventsTags Aquaman, Arrowverse, Batman, DC FanDome, Flash, Must Read, Superman, United States, Warner Bros
The Batman: Test screening says film is "scary, horror"
It's been a minute since we have talked about Matt Reeves' upcoming take on the caped crusader with Robert Pattinson, The Batman. The film has been shrouded in secrecy so it has been hard to get any kind of real news. Now, there is word that Warner Bros. held a test screening for The Batman … Continue reading "The Batman: Test screening says film is "scary, horror""
Author ColinPosted on August 30, 2021 August 30, 2021 Categories FilmTags DC Comics, Matt Reeves, Must Read, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, United States, Warner Bros
Academy: Jonathan Majors, Issa Rae among 395 invites
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has extended invitations to join the organization to 395 artists and executives who have distinguished themselves by their contributions to theatrical motion pictures. Membership selection decisions are based on professional qualifications, with representation, inclusion and equity remaining a priority of Academy Aperture 2025. The 2021 class is 46% … Continue reading "Academy: Jonathan Majors, Issa Rae among 395 invites"
Author ColinPosted on July 1, 2021 July 1, 2021 Categories Academy AwardsTags Academy Awards, Academy of motion pictures arts and sciences
Affleck's The Batman would have featured Batgirl
When you hear things like this, it makes you wonder sometimes what is going on over at the water tower on the Warner Bros lot. When the "Snyderverse" was still a thing, Ben Affleck (Bruce Wayne/Batman) co-wrote a script called The Batman with Geoff Johns. The star was also attached to direct. Besides the successive … Continue reading "Affleck's The Batman would have featured Batgirl"
Author ColinPosted on March 24, 2021 March 24, 2021 Categories FilmTags Batgirl, Ben Affleck, Deathstroke, Matt Reeves, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, Warner Bros
Ranking the DCEU movies
Right now we are less than 24 hours away from the premiere of Zack Snyder's Justice League on HBO Max. While it is sitting at a comfortable 77% (at the time of this writing) on Rotten Tomatoes (far higher than the 40% 2017's "Josstice League" received) we thought it would be time to rank the … Continue reading "Ranking the DCEU movies"
Author ColinPosted on March 17, 2021 March 17, 2021 Categories FilmTags Aquaman, Batman v Superman, DCEU, Harley Quinn, Harley Quinn: Birds of Prey, Man of Steel, Suicide Squad, Warner Bros, Wonder Woman, Wonder Woman 84, Zack Snyder's Justice League
Ethan Hawke joins thriller 'Zeroes and Ones'
Four-time Academy Award nominated actor and filmmaker Ethan Hawke (Training Day, First Reformed, Boyhood), Cristina Chiriac (Siberia, Tommaso) and Phil Neilson (Siberia, Ben-Hur) have joined seminal filmmaker Abel Ferrara's (Bad Lieutenant, The Funeral, Kings Of New York) upcoming thriller Zeroes and Ones. Both written and directed by Ferrara, filming begins in Italy later this month. JJ (Ethan … Continue reading "Ethan Hawke joins thriller 'Zeroes and Ones'"
Author ColinPosted on November 9, 2020 November 9, 2020 Categories REEL 360 at AFMTags AFM, American Film Market, Cristina Chiriac, ethan hawke, Phil Neilson, Zeroes and ones
Pics and Videos from 'The Batman' Chicago shoot
This weekend, Warner Bros. was back at it as Matt Reeves' The Batman took to LaSalle and Lower Wacker Drive in Chicago. Pics and videos of the highly anticipated film starring Robert Pattinson, Zoë Kravitz, Colin Farrell appeared all over social media this weekend. This weekend Pattinson's and Kravitz's stunt people joined the 2nd unit … Continue reading "Pics and Videos from 'The Batman' Chicago shoot"
Author ColinPosted on October 25, 2020 October 25, 2020 Categories FilmTags Chicago, Colin Farrell, Must Read, Paul Dano, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, Zoe Kravitz
Batman and Selina in action in Chicago's loop
Matt Reeves' highly anticipated The Batman has now descended upon Chicago. The scene being shot last night, at Clark and Washington Streets, seems to be a continuation of a scene being shot in Liverpool where Bruce (Robert Pattinson) and Selina Kyle (Zoë Kravitz) are being chased on motorcycles. Here, Patt-Man's stuntman and Kravitz's stuntwoman are seen in … Continue reading "Batman and Selina in action in Chicago's loop"
Author ColinPosted on October 17, 2020 October 17, 2020 Categories FilmTags Matt Reeves, Must Read, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, Zoe Kravitz
First 'Batman' production set pics from Chicago's Loop
While there is no Robert Pattinson, Colin Farrell, Paul Dano or Zoë Kravitz to speak of, Matt Reeves' highly anticipated The Batman has now descended upon Chicago. As you can see from the tweets below, the Windy City has once again been turned into Gotham City. Filming this weekend will be near 100 W. Randolph. … Continue reading "First 'Batman' production set pics from Chicago's Loop"
Author ColinPosted on October 16, 2020 October 16, 2020 Categories FilmTags Chicago, Matt Reeves, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, Warner Bros, Warner Brother, Zoe Kravitz
'The Batman' continues to shoot in Liverpool
Warner Bros.' The Batman recently resumed production in Liverpool, England after being forced to shut down after actor Robert Pattinson tested positive for coronavirus. Now thanks to a little lax security, we are now able to share with you some of the pics of cast members in character. Bruce vs. Oswald vs. Selina St. George's Hall, … Continue reading "'The Batman' continues to shoot in Liverpool"
Author ColinPosted on October 13, 2020 October 13, 2020 Categories FilmTags Batman, Colin Farrell, John Turturro, Liverpool, Robert Pattinson, Warner Bros, Zoe Kravitz
Warner Bros. shakes up film schedule up to 2023
With Warner Bros moving to delay Denis Villeneuve' epic sci-fi movie Dune until October 1st, 2021, The Batman's original release date – other major tentpole films, including Matt Reeves' film have been affected. The Batman has been pushed to March 4, 2022. The studio also delayed The Flash, Shazam: Fury of the Gods and Black Adam. On … Continue reading "Warner Bros. shakes up film schedule up to 2023"
Author Jessica VellePosted on October 6, 2020 October 6, 2020 Categories FilmTags Black Adam, DC's legends of tomorrow, DCEU, Dune, Minecraft, The Batman, The Flash, The Matrix, Warner Bros
The Batman to film in Chicago next month
We always knew that Matt Reeves' upcoming The Batman would be something different than what we have seen before. When the first trailer dropped at DC FanDome back in August that feeling was confirmed. The film was more akin to something like Se7en or Zodiac than Batman and Robin. Thank god. Now, the film's production … Continue reading "The Batman to film in Chicago next month"
Author ColinPosted on September 29, 2020 September 30, 2020 Categories FilmTags Bruce Wayne, Chicago, Colin Farrell, Matt Reeves, Must Read, Robert Pattinson, The Batman, Warner Bros., Zoë Kravitz
'The Batman' resumes production in time for Bat Day
Capes out. Cowls on. It's time to celebrate all things Bat. After a brief hiatus (again) due to star Robert Pattinson testing positive for coronavirus, Matt Reeves' production of The Batman is. back on. Today, Warner Bros. confirmed that cameras are again rolling. "Following a hiatus for COVID-19 quarantine precautions, filming has now resumed on … Continue reading "'The Batman' resumes production in time for Bat Day"
Author ColinPosted on September 17, 2020 September 17, 2020 Categories TVTags Batfleck, Batman, Batman Day, Ben Affleck, Christian Bale, George Clooney, Matt Reeves, Michael Keaton, Must Read, september 19, Val Kilmer, Warner Bros
Moretz reunites with Matt Reeves for new film
Miramax announces new sci-fi thriller Mother/Android, written and directed by Mattson Tomlin (Project Power/Little Fish) and starring Chloe Grace Moretz (Suspiria, The Miseducation of Cameron Post). Matt Reeves, who directed sci-fi blockbusters War of the Planet of the Apes and Cloverfield, will produce for his 6th & Idaho production company, alongside Miramax's Bill Block (The … Continue reading "Moretz reunites with Matt Reeves for new film"
Author Jessica VellePosted on September 4, 2020 September 4, 2020 Categories Film
Waiting For the Barbarians, timely but more of the same
Waiting For The Barbarians shows its thematic hand early. There will be, in actuality, very little waiting before the irony at the crux of its story is revealed: that the truly barbaric has and will continue to masquerade under the guise of order and civility. It's a powerful theme, but the execution of its story … Continue reading "Waiting For the Barbarians, timely but more of the same"
Author ColinPosted on August 8, 2020 August 25, 2020 Categories Film ReviewsTags Johnny Depp, Mark Rylance, Robert Pattinson, Waiting for the Barbarians
'Joker' DP fan films 'Batman' COVID-19 PSA
More than 160,000 people have died from Covid-19 in the United States. According to Johns Hopkins University, there are at least 4,895,868 cases of coronavirus in the states and at least 160,255 people have died from the virus. So far on Friday, there are recorded 12,286 new cases and 151 reported deaths. One of the ways to help prevent the spread is by wearing … Continue reading "'Joker' DP fan films 'Batman' COVID-19 PSA"
Author ColinPosted on August 7, 2020 August 7, 2020 Categories REEL LATags Batman, COVID-19, Fan Film, Joker, Larry Sher, Must Read, Must watch, PSA, Wear a mask


On the South end of Las Vegas, East of the I-15 is the community of Anthem. It was originally developed by the Del Webb Corporation. It consists of more than 4,750 acres at the foothills of the Black Mountain Range in Henderson. It is a quiet community with great views of Las Vegas and the surrounding mountains.
Good health is the foundation of a great lifestyle. The various Anthem developments have communities designed for opportunities for residents to enjoy optimum living. Well designed neighborhoods and homes built by quality home builders promote comfort and accessibility.


To achieve the best performance and the highest reliability of a network it is essentially important to manage the powering system. Although the eventual short-time voltage spikes, dropouts or wobbling can damage the CATV devices in the long run, the typical monitoring transponders does not registrate these anomalies. Further in case of a total system-down the operator must decide very fast whether the power supply system or the first element of the transmission line has a break-down. To overcome these problems COMTECH has developed the PSU Monitor. The device detects the harmful events on the powering line and sends standard SNMP alarms to a given access point. Our PSU Monitor works even in case of power-cut thanks to its built-in battery, and communicates by using GSM system in order to achieve full independency from the managed CATV network. This solution can be used for any powering system, not only for telecommunication networks.