The first Miss Strawberry Queen, or I should say Queens, were crownd last night at the South Carolina Strawberry Festival Pageant hosted at Nations Ford High School in Fort Mill SC.
The Fort Mill Times reported today "Avery Close was crowned Teen Miss Strawberry Queen and Anna Skidmore was crowned Miss Strawberry Queen". See the full story in the Fort Mill Times article .
Congratulations to Avery and Anna who we hope to see at this weekends South Carolina Strawberry Festival events.


Gaza Convoy - 14th February 2009 - The day began as one of those days where everything was going wrong, however nothing was going to stop me from reaching my destination. We went from Maidenhead to Dover, then across France, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, before we finally arrived in Gaza (Palestine). There were many highlights along the route, crossing the Morroccan / Algerian border which has been shut since 1994 was a big highlight, both nations put aside their differences for a good deed to help a third entity, Gaza (Palestine).
Libya was an amazing country especially as we did not know what to expect due to its isolation. It was a beautiful modern country, rich in history and a real beacon of light in northern Africa. We then went to Egypt which was a sharp contrast, sadly we weren't made to feel as welcome and it was a very tense time at the border (Rafah Crossing) into Gaza. After some very intense negotiations we were finally allowed to enter in to Gaza, it was well worth all the hassle to break the seige and make history.


text:
Carl DeMaio Defeated in CA-52
Posted by Casey Breznick	Monday, November 10, 2014 at 2:30pm | 11/10/2014 - 2:30pm
Did sexual harassment allegations derail an otherwise successful campaign?
California's 52nd district will keep its current representative in Congress for the next two years, as Republican Carl DeMaio failed to oust incumbent Democrat Scott Peters last Tuesday.
The election results were not finalized until 72 hours after voting booths closed, and the final tally came down to 51.25% for Peters and 48.75% for DeMaio, with about 4,400 votes making the difference. Before all absentee ballots were counted, the election was called as a Republican victory, with some news outlets prematurely posting articles about DeMaio being the first openly gay Republican to run and win a congressional race.
Alas, Peters did win, much to the dismay of many Republicans who admired DeMaio's potential as a "New Generation Republican."
The DeMaio campaign was hit with a nasty October surprise in the form of sexual harassment allegations from former campaign staffer Todd Bosnich, who is also openly gay. This was followed by the re-emergence of similar claims from DeMaio's time on the San Diego City Council. DeMaio contended that Bosnich, fired for plagiarism, was merely seeking to exact revenge, and that he was responsible for the May break-in of the DeMaio campaign headquarters days before the primaries. DeMaio further alleged that Bosnich was responsible for passing on internal campaign documents to the Peters campaign. The Peters campaign handed over the documents to the police, saying they received them anonymously.
The last three weeks of the race for DeMaio devolved into Hollywood-esque drama. But the important question to ask is whether or not these allegations were responsible for DeMaio's loss. It seems very likely that the scandal turned off independents with weaker ties to the ideological end of DeMaio's campaign—that is, libertarian conservatism. Die-hard conservatives, libertarians, and those fed up with Peters/Obama/Democrats likely paid little attention to the he-said-he-said drama, but on-the-fence and cross-over voters (i.e., crossing party lines) might have backed out last minute from casting a vote for DeMaio because of this debacle.
And what about the swift-boating of DeMaio from several traditionalist groups that normally support conservative candidates? I suspect little came of it.
Overall, DeMaio could have done more to run damage control on the sexual harassment claims, but the fact that he nearly triumphed in a lean Democrat district and gained national exposure is commendable. It will be interesting to see where the claims against DeMaio and the counter-claims against Bosnich go, if anywhere. If they are true, DeMaio will probably have to say goodbye to politics, but if they are false then he will definitely have a good shot come 2016.
17	17 Comments	 2014 Election, CA-52 2014
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DaMav | November 10, 2014 at 3:37 pm
Republicans won all over the country without running perverts. Sounds like Republicans in the 52nd let us down in the primary.
Aucturian | November 10, 2014 at 5:34 pm
That "Pervert" has done more to stand up for San Diego taxpayers in the last 10 years than the modern Pharisees whose only contribution thus far is to cast stones at allies while scaring away indie voters with diversionary social issues.
Was he properly vetted for potential charges of harassment, or were such considerations dismissed out of hand by those thrilled about his 'big tent homosexuality' and eager to shout down any who dared ask?
Clearly he (or Herman Cain) did not have the benefit of being vetted by you.
Estragon | November 10, 2014 at 11:27 pm
Are you an idiot? The guy making the accusation had been fired by him, was the chief suspect in the campaign office burglary/vandalism, and now we find the Democrat opponent got the campaign strategy book from the same guy and held it for over three days before calling the cops.
Clear enough, Einstein? Should we draw pictures for you?
DaMav | November 11, 2014 at 12:44 am
Picture is unfortunately quite clear — the Democrat won the election over Mr Big Tent. 🙁 No need to call names or throw a "hithy".
Let us instead enjoy our many victories and learn from our few defeats.
JerryB | November 10, 2014 at 7:07 pm
I'm trying to raise kids and am interested in candidates who uphold so-called "diversionary" social issues. The Republicans opened the "big tent" 22 years ago, and I left them. If they want my vote, they can run a pro-life, morally upright candidate. The GOP has made pretty clear to me that they aren't interested in my vote, for the most part.
If the Hebrews during their Babylonian captivity are able to raise their kids "in the ways of the Lord" without the benefit of their heathen host writing into law the social idiosyncracies of Judaism, why do you need a Republican candidate or government to do the same? Isn't that a statist position?
Hasn't the Constitution already accorded you the right to legislate that within the limited radius of a pulpit. Or is Oliver Cromwell your idea of a real Republican?
That's a confusing reply, but I think it proves my point that "conservatives" in general aren't interested in getting my vote. In any case, isn't voting an act of selecting a candidate to my liking? Isn't politics about expressing opinions? But you berate me, rather than discuss the merits of the topic. That's so typical these days.
Am I not free to exclude candidates who engage in or promote bad — in this case, deadly — behavior? Should I not express my misgivings? If you classify my opinions as derived from religion, am I then supposed to keep them to myself? You and the GOP and the Left are pretty much agreed on that. However, I'll keep talking, and vote as I wish, thank you.
platypus | November 11, 2014 at 1:32 am
You forgot 'expensive' in your description. As in these people are petri dishes for disease and they think the taxpayers should pay for the consequences of their choices. Doesn't sound very conservative to me. Actually sounds like typical donkey party leftist.
So my first questions to slugs like this one is – When did I ask for details about your sex habits? I didn't ask? Then why are you telling me and everybody else?
And what, pray tell, does it have to do with the price of eggs in Odessa?
JimMtnViewCaUSA | November 10, 2014 at 3:57 pm
Yeah, the guy has some sketchy friends, at the least. But glad to see that LI is advocating a "big tent", really.
I also snicker each time I read you guys describe Mr DeMaio as an "openly Republican" gay instead of the standard lib-media "openly gay" Repub. Nicely put!
randian | November 10, 2014 at 6:22 pm
Absentee ballots made the difference, and those are a prime Democrat vote fraud vector. There may be nothing here, but I am suspicious.
DaveGinOly | November 10, 2014 at 6:56 pm
You mean Democrats voted against a gay man? What a bunch of homophobes!
tarheelkate | November 11, 2014 at 9:05 am
Yeah, really. Doesn't the use of this issue by Dems contradict what they say they're all about?
If we're all lucky, this sinking star will go back to San Diego politics where they seem to appreciate him. I can tell you from having lived in the DC area that there are already too many deviants there.
jlronning | November 11, 2014 at 10:08 am
Very glad he lost; the last thing the Rebublicans need is to alienate a major portion of their base by promoting such candidates, as the establishment enthusiastically did.
Kepha H | November 12, 2014 at 5:23 am
Well, ain't dat too d–n bad. The story of this business of man-on-man sexual harrassment along with office vandalism and other things only suggests bad soap opera rather than fixing the nation. It sounds as if DeMaio is surrounded by a fundamentally unhealthy human environment–not surprising in view of his lifestyle.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Grimsby Auditorium
Tickets available for the Roy Orbison story at Grimsby Auditorium
You won't need to drive all night to see the Roy Orbison show at Grimsby Auditorium
Abby Ruston
Barry Steele performing as the legend Roy Orbison
Barry Steele is widely recognised as one of the world's leading vocalists paying homage to the legendary Roy Orbison.
He's stunned audiences across the globe with his uncanny similarity and ability to authentically revive the exquisite toe-tapping sound of this music giant.
The contemporary production celebrates the life and musical legacy of Orbison in a live multi-media show, with a fabulous band and musicians.
New three-day festive celebration is coming to Cleethorpes this Christmas
A big screen features both live streaming and images from the life and times of of the Big O, stars who worked and shared centre stage with him, interspersed with factoids and information about the life and times of what is considered to be one of the best singers the world has ever known.
The resemblance to Roy Orbison is uncanny
Barry Steele is quite simply unmissable, as he takes you on this specially produced musical journey in time, featuring Orbison's hits from the early '60s leading up to the internationally acclaimed concert 'The Black and White Night' and The Traveling Wilburys.
The show also features chart busting hits originally made famous by The Spencer Davies Group, Del Shannon & Jerry Lee Lewis culminating in an incredible fusion of '60s solid gold classics and '80s contemporary musical genius all on one stage.
Fake Fest 2018 - How to get tickets and which bands are performing
It was on a family holiday in Cornwall in 2001 that Barry took the first steps on the road to becoming a professional singer, when his wife Lynne and their daughter Leonie entered him into a singing competition without his knowledge.
It was there that a fellow competitor said to him, "You know you sound just like Roy Orbison singing Robbie Williams!" so with the help of family and friends a tribute to The Big 'O' was born.
Barry Steele surrounded by fans of Roy Orbison's music
Why is the music of Orbison still so popular?
Orbison's songs not only have wonderful melodies and tunes, the lyrics are some of the most sublime ever written. Not only does the music take you back in time, they can make you happy, sad and emotive all at the same time.
Orbison is known as a balladeer, but he also recorded and performed rocky and contemporary songs. His songs are quite simply timeless.
To book tickets for the show on Saturday, December 2 at 7.30pm - call the box office on 0300 300 0035 or go to www.grimsbyauditorium.org.uk


BACKGROUND: For therapeutics directed to the injured spinal cord, a change in neurological impairment has been proposed as a relevant acute clinical study end point. However, changes in neurological function, even if statistically significant, may not be associated with a functional impact, such as a meaningful improvement in items within the self-care subscore of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM). OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the functional significance associated with spontaneously recovering upper-extremity motor function after sensorimotor-complete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Using the European Multi-center Study about Spinal Cord Injury (EMSCI) data set, a retrospective analysis was undertaken of individuals with cervical sensorimotor-complete SCI (initial motor level, C4-C7). Specifically, changes in upper-extremity motor score (UEMS), motor level, and SCIM (total and self-care subscore) were assessed between approximately 1 and 48 weeks after injury (n = 74). RESULTS: The initial motor level did not significantly influence the total UEMS recovered or number of motor levels recovered. SCIM self-care subscore recovery was significantly greater for those individuals regaining 2 motor levels compared with those recovering only 1 or no motor levels. However, the recovery in the SCIM self-care subscore was not significantly different between individuals recovering only 1 motor level and those individuals who showed no motor-level improvement. CONCLUSIONS: A 2 motor-level improvement indicates a clinically meaningful change and might be considered a primary outcome in acute and subacute interventional trials enrolling individuals with cervical sensorimotor-complete SCI.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The exciting physics of quantum phase transitions has been explored
extensively in the last few years \cite{dmdssachdev99,dmdsdutta96}.
The non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum system when quenched very fast
\cite{dmdssengupta04} or slowly across a quantum critical point
\cite{dmdszurek05,dmdspolkovnikov05} has attracted the attention of several
groups recently. The possibility of experimental realizations of quantum
dynamics in spin-1 Bose condensates \cite{dmdssadler06} and atoms trapped
in optical lattices \cite{dmdskitaev_exp,dmdsbloch07}
has led to an upsurge in studies of related theoretical models
\cite{dmdssengupta04,dmdszurek05,dmdspolkovnikov05,dmdskadowaki,dmdscalabrese,
dmdsdziarmaga05,dmdsdamski06,dmdslevitov06,dmdsdziarmaga06,dmdscucchietti07,
dmdsmukherjee07,dmdsdivakaran07,dmdsosterloh07,dmdspolkovnikov07,
dmdssengupta08,dmdssen08,dmdssantoro08,dmdspatane08,dmdsmukherjee08,
dmdsdivakaran08,dmdscaneva08,dmdsviola08,dmdsdziarmaga08,dmdsbermudez08,
dmdsdivakaran09,dmdsmukherjee09,dmdsdivakaran091}.

In this review, we concentrate on the dynamics of quantum spin chains swept
across a quantum critical or multicritical point or along a gapless line by
a slow (adiabatic) variation of a parameter appearing in the
Hamiltonian of the system.
Our aim is to find the scaling form of the density of defects (which,
in our case, is the density of wrongly oriented spins) in the final
state which is reached after the system is prepared in an initial ground
state and then slowly quenched through a quantum critical point.
The dynamics in the vicinity of a quantum critical point is necessarily
non-adiabatic due to the divergence of the relaxation time of the underlying
quantum system which forces the system to be infinitely sluggish; thus the
system fails to respond to a change in a parameter of the
Hamiltonian no matter how slow that rate of change may be!

We first recall the Kibble-Zurek argument \cite{dmdskibble76,dmdszurek96}
which predicts a scaling form for the defect density following a slow quench
through a quantum critical point. We assume that a parameter $g$ of the
Hamiltonian is varied in a linear fashion such that $g-g_c \sim t/\tau$,
where $g=g_c$ denotes the value of $g$ at the quantum critical point and
$\tau$ is the quenching time. Our interest is in the
adiabatic limit, $\tau \to \infty$. The energy gap of the quantum
Hamiltonian vanishes at the critical point as $(g-g_c)^{\nu z}$ whereas
the relaxation time $\xi_{\tau}$, which is inverse of the gap, diverges at
the critical point. It is clear that non-adiabaticity becomes important at
a time $\hat t$ when the characteristic time scale of the quantum system
(i.e., the relaxation time) is of the order of the inverse of the rate
of change of the Hamiltonian; this yields
\begin{equation} \hat t \sim \xi_{\tau}(\hat t)\rightarrow \hat t \sim
(g-g_c)^{-\nu z} \sim \left(\frac{\hat t}{\tau}\right)^{-\nu z}.
\nonumber \\ \end{equation}
This leads to a characteristic length scale $\xi$ given by
\begin{equation} \xi \sim \tau^{-\nu/(\nu z+1)}, \end{equation}
where $\xi$ is the correlation length or healing length. The healing length
typically denotes the length over which a single defect is present. The
density of defects in a $d$-dimensional system scales as $1/\xi^d$ which
leads to the Kibble-Zurek scaling form for the density of defects $n$ given by
\begin{eqnarray} n\sim \tau^{-d \nu/(\nu z+1)}. \label{dmdsdensity1}
\end{eqnarray}
The interesting aspect of the Kibble-Zurek prediction is that the scaling form
of the defect density in the final state of a driven quantum system varies in
a power-law fashion with the rate of quenching $1/\tau$, and the exponent of
the power-law depends on the spatial dimension $d$ and the static
quantum critical exponents $\nu$ and $z$.

The Kibble-Zurek scaling has been verified in various exactly
solvable spin models and systems of interacting bosons
\cite{dmdszurek05,dmdslevitov06,dmdsmukherjee07,dmdsdivakaran07,
dmdsdziarmaga05,dmdspolkovnikov05}; it has been generalized to quenching
through a multicritical point \cite{dmdsdivakaran09}, across a gapless
phase \cite{dmdssengupta08,dmdssantoro08}, and along a gapless line
\cite{dmdsdivakaran08,dmdsviola08}, and to systems with quenched disorder
\cite{dmdsdziarmaga06}, white noise\cite{dmdsosterloh07},
infinite-range interactions \cite{dmdscaneva08}, and edge states
\cite{dmdsbermudez08}. Studies have also been made to estimate the defect
density for quenching with a non-linear form \cite{dmdssen08}, an oscillatory
variation of an applied magnetic field \cite{dmdsmukherjee09} or
under a reversal of the magnetic field \cite{dmdsdivakaran091}. In the
article in this book by Mondal, Sengupta and Sen \cite{dmdsmondal091}, the
quenching dynamics through a gapless phase and quenching with a power-law
form of the change of a parameter as well as the possibility of experimental
realizations have been discussed in detail. It should be mentioned that
in addition to the density of defects in the final state, the degree of
non-adiabaticity can also be quantified by looking at various quantities like
residual energy\cite{dmdskadowaki,dmdssei} and fidelity \cite{dmdszurek05}.

\section{A spin model: transverse and anisotropic quenching}

In this article, we will focus mainly on the one-dimensional anisotropic
$XY$ spin-1/2 chain in a transverse field \cite{dmdsbunder99,dmdslieb61}
which is represented by the Hamiltonian
\begin{eqnarray} H~=~ -~\sum_n ~[J_x \sigma^x_n\sigma^x_{n+1} ~+~ J_y
\sigma^y_n \sigma^y_{n+1} ~+~ h \sigma^z_n], \label{jxy} \end{eqnarray}
where $\sigma's$ are the usual Pauli matrices. (We will set Planck's
constant $\hbar =1$). The spectrum of this
Hamiltonian can be found exactly by first mapping the $\sigma$ matrices to
Jordan-Wigner fermions $c_n$ as \cite{dmdslieb61}
\begin{eqnarray} c_n &=& \sigma_n^- ~\exp(i\pi\sum_{j=1}^{n-1}
\sigma_j^+ \sigma_j^-) , \nonumber \\
\sigma^z_n &=& 2c_n^{\dagger} c_n - 1, \end{eqnarray}
where $\sigma_n^{\pm} = \sigma_n^x \pm i \sigma_n^y$ are spin raising and
lowering operators respectively. These Jordan-Wigner fermion operators follow
the usual anticommutation rules
\begin{eqnarray} \{c_m^{\dagger},c_n\}=\delta_{mn}; ~~~~\{c_m,c_n\}=0 =
\{c^{\dagger}_m,c^{\dagger}_n\}. \end{eqnarray}
Applying a Fourier transformation to the Jordan-Wigner fermions along
with the periodic boundary conditions, the Hamiltonian in (\ref{jxy})
can be rewritten as
\begin{eqnarray} H &=& - ~\sum_{k>0} ~\{ ~[(J_x + J_y) \cos k +h] ~
(c_k^{\dagger} c_k + c_{-k}^{\dagger} c_{-k}) \nonumber \\
& & ~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ i (J_x -J_y) \sin k ~(c_k^{\dagger} c_{-k}^{\dagger}
- c_{-k} c_k \}, \label{dmdsh2} \end{eqnarray}
where $k$ lies in the range $[0,\pi]$.
The Hamiltonian is quadratic in fermion operators and hence exactly solvable
using an appropriate Bogoliubov transformation \cite{dmdslieb61}.
Using the basis vectors $|0 \rangle$ (where no fermions are present) and
$|k,-k \rangle = c_k^{\dagger} c_{-k}^{\dagger} |0 \rangle $, we can recast
the Hamiltonian for wave number $k$ in a $2\times 2$ matrix form
\begin{equation} H_k=\left[\begin{array}{ll}
h+(J_x+J_y)\cos k& ~~~~i (J_x-J_y)\sin k \\
-i(J_x-J_y)\sin k&~~~~-h-(J_x+J_y)\cos k\end{array}\right] , \label{dmdsmatrix}
\end{equation}
The spectrum for this is given by
\begin{equation} \epsilon_k ~=~ [~h^2 +J_x^2 + J_y^2 + 2 h (J_x + J_y) \cos k
+ 2 J_x J_y \cos 2k ~]^{1/2}. \label{dmdsek} \end{equation}
This Hamiltonian has a very rich phase diagram as shown in Fig.
\ref{dmdsphase_xy}. The vanishing of the energy gap for $h=\pm (J_x+J_y)$
for the critical modes at $k=\pi$ and $0$, respectively, signals quantum
phase transitions from a ferromagnetically ordered phase to a paramagnetic
phase with critical exponents $\nu=z=1$ \cite{dmdsbunder99}. On the other
hand, the vanishing energy gap at $J_x=J_y$ and $h<J_x+J_y$ denotes the
anisotropic transition which marks the boundary between the two ferromagnetic
phases with the critical exponents $\nu$ and $z$ being identical to the Ising
transition. The meeting points of these two transition lines at $h= \pm
(J_x+J_y)$ and $J_x=J_y$ are multicritical points.

Let us initiate our discussions with two types of quenching schemes:

\noindent (i) quenching the magnetic field $h$ as $t/\tau$ which we call
transverse quenching \cite{dmdsdziarmaga05,dmdslevitov06}, and

\noindent (ii) the quenching of the interaction $J_x$ as $t/\tau$ which is
referred to as anisotropic quenching \cite{dmdsmukherjee07}.

\noindent
In the process of anisotropic quenching, the system can be made to
cross the multicritical points $A$ and $B$ shown in the phase diagram. The
quenching through a multicritical point is a cardinal point of our discussion.
We shall also discuss the quenching scheme where the anisotropy parameter
$\gamma=J_x-J_y$ is quenched in a linear fashion keeping the system always
on the gapless line $h=J_x+J_y$. It will be shown that
in either case, we arrive at new scaling behaviors for the defect
density which cannot be obtained by a simple fine tuning of the
Kibble-Zurek scaling form $n\sim 1/\tau^{\nu d/\nu z+1}$.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=2.7in,width=3.1in]{dmdsreview1.eps}
\caption{The phase diagram of the anisotropic $XY$ model in a transverse
field in the $~h/(J_x + J_y) ~- ~\gamma ~$ plane, where $\gamma \equiv
(J_x -J_y)/(J_x + J_y)$. The vertical bold lines given by $~h/(J_x + J_y)
= \pm 1~$ denote the Ising transitions. The system is also gapless on the
horizontal bold line $\gamma
= 0$ for $~|h| < J_x + J_y$. ${\rm FM_x ~(FM_y)}$ is a long-range ordered
phase with ferromagnetic ordering in the $x ~(y)$ direction. The thick dashed
line marks the boundary between the commensurate and incommensurate
ferromagnetic phases. The thin dotted lines indicate the adiabatic and impulse
regions when the field $h$ is quenched from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. The two
points with coordinates $\gamma = 0$ and $h/(J_x+J_y) =\pm 1$ denoted by $A$
and $B$ are the multicritical points.} \label{dmdsphase_xy} \end{center}
\end{figure}

The reduction of the general Hamiltonian to a direct product of
$2\times 2$ matrices as given in (\ref{dmdsmatrix}) facilitates the
application of the Landau-Zener (LZ) transition formula \cite{dmdslandau}
to estimate the non-adiabatic transition probability on passing through a
quantum critical point. The general LZ Hamiltonian given by
\begin{equation} H ~=~ \epsilon_1 |1 \rangle \langle 1| ~+~ \epsilon_2 |2
\rangle \langle 2| ~+~ \Delta \left( |1 \rangle \langle 2| ~+~ |2 \rangle
\langle 1| \right) \end{equation}
closely resembles the reduced $2 \times 2$ spin Hamiltonian given in
(\ref{dmdsmatrix}). In the LZ Hamiltonian, we set $\epsilon_1 -\epsilon_2=
t/\tau$. The two energy levels $\pm \sqrt{\epsilon^2+ \Delta^2}$, where
$\epsilon_1 =-\epsilon_2 =\epsilon$, approach
each other with a minimum gap $2 \Delta$ at $t=0$ as shown in Fig.
\ref{dmdslandau}. The system is prepared in its initial ground state
$|1 \rangle$ at time $t \to -\infty$ and should reach the final ground state
$|2 \rangle$ at $t \to +\infty$ if the dynamics is adiabatic throughout.
A general state during the time evolution can be written in the form
$| \psi(t) \rangle = C_1 (t) |1 \rangle + C_2(t) |2 \rangle$ with the initial
condition $|C_1(t\to -\infty)|^2 =1$. The LZ probability for the non-adiabatic
transition is given by \cite{dmdslandau,dmdssei}
\begin{eqnarray} p= |C_1(t \to \infty)|^2= e^{-2\pi \Delta^2/|
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} (\epsilon_1-\epsilon_2) |}. \end{eqnarray}
It is to be noted that the above formula is valid for a linear variation
of the bare levels $\epsilon_1$ and $\epsilon_2$ and also when the
off-diagonal term does not include any time dependence.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=2in]{dmdsreview2.eps}
\caption{The two levels correspond to the energy levels varying with time;
$2\Delta$ is the minimum gap between these two levels, and $|1 \rangle$ and
$|2 \rangle$ are the eigenstates in the asymptotic limits $t \to \pm \infty$.
The ground state changes its characteristics from $|1 \rangle$ at $t \to -
\infty$ to $|2 \rangle$ at $t\to +\infty$.} \label{dmdslandau} \end{center}
\end{figure}

Let us now discuss the transverse quenching of the $XY$ spin chain discussed
above. The phase diagram in (1.1) shows that when the transverse field is
quenched from $-\infty$ to $+\infty$, the system is swept across the
two Ising transition lines at $h =\pm (J_x + J_y)$.
Referring to the Hamiltonian in (\ref{dmdsmatrix}), it is clear that when $h$
is quenched as $h\sim t/\tau$ \cite{dmdslevitov06}, the dynamics of
the spin chain effectively reduces to a LZ problem in the two-dimensional
reduced Hilbert space spanned by the basis
vectors $|0 \rangle$ and $|k,-k \rangle$, with the initial ground state being
$|0 \rangle$. Here, the diagonal and off-diagonal terms are denoted by
$\epsilon_k^{\pm} = \pm [h+(J_x+ J_y) \cos k]$ and $\Delta = i
(J_x -J_y) \sin k$ respectively.
Denoting a general state vector $\psi_k(t)$ at an instant $t$ as $|\psi_k(t)
\rangle = C_{1,k} |0 \rangle + C_{2,k} |k,-k \rangle$ with $|C_{1,k}
(t\to -\infty)|^2=1$, the non-adiabatic transition probability for the mode
$k$ is directly obtained using the LZ transition formula
\begin{eqnarray} p_k= |C_{1,k}(t \to \infty)|^2 = e^{-\pi \tau |J_x - J_y|^2
\sin^2 k}. \end{eqnarray}
The density of defects (i.e., density of wrongly oriented spins) in the
final state is obtained by integrating $p_k$ over the Brillouin zone
\cite{dmdslevitov06},
\begin{equation} n=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} p_k dk \approx
\frac 1 {\pi \sqrt {\tau} (J_x -J_y)}. \end{equation}
In the adiabatic limit $\tau \to \infty$, the transition probability is
non-zero only for modes close to the critical modes $k=0$ and $\pi$; this
allows us to extend the limits of integration from
$-\infty$ to $+\infty$. Noting that the critical exponents $\nu=z=1$ for
the Ising transition and $d=1$; hence the $1/\sqrt{\tau}$ scaling of the
defect density is consistent with the Kibble-Zurek prediction.

On the other hand, if we look at the anisotropic quenching $J_x \sim
t/\tau$, the off-diagonal terms of the Hamiltonian in (\ref{dmdsmatrix})
pick up a time dependence and hence a direct application of the LZ transition
probability is not possible. To overcome this problem, we rewrite the
Hamiltonian in the basis of the initial and final eigenstates when
$J_x \to -\infty$ and $J_x \to \infty$.
The eigenstates of the Hamiltonian in these limits are given by
$$|e_{1k} \rangle = \sin (k/2) |0 \rangle + i\cos (k/2) |k,-k \rangle$$ and
$$|e_{2k} \rangle = \cos (k/2) |0 \rangle - i\sin (k/2) |k,-k \rangle,$$
with eigenvalues $\lambda_1 = t/\tau$ and $\lambda_2 = -t/\tau$ respectively;
the system is in the state $|e_{1k} \rangle$ initially. A general state vector
can be expressed as a linear combination of $|e_{1k} \rangle$ and $|e_{2k}
\rangle$,
\begin{equation} |\psi_k(t) \rangle = C_{1k}(t) |e_{1k} \rangle + C_{2k}(t)
|e_{2k} \rangle . \end{equation}
The initial condition in the anisotropic case is $C_{1k}(-\infty) = 1$ and
$C_{2k}(-\infty) = 0$. The unitary transformation to rewrite the Hamiltonian
in the $|e_{1k} \rangle$ and $|e_{2k} \rangle$ basis is given by
$H'_k (t) = U^\dagger H_k (t) U$, where
\begin{eqnarray} U ~=~ \left[ \begin{array}{cc} \cos (k/2) & \sin (k/2) \\
- i \sin (k/2) & i \cos (k/2) \end{array} \right], \nonumber \end{eqnarray}
and the new Hamiltonian is
\begin{eqnarray} H'_k (t) &=& -~[ h ~+~ (J_x+J_y)\cos k] ~I_2 \nonumber \\
& & + \left[ \begin{array}{cc}
J_x + J_y \cos 2k + h \cos k & J_y \sin 2k + h \sin k \\
J_y \sin 2k + h\sin k & -J_x - J_y\cos 2k - h \cos k \end{array} \right].
\label{dmdsmatrix2} \end{eqnarray}
By virtue of the unitary transformation, the time dependence is entirely
shifted to the diagonal terms which makes it possible to apply the LZ
transition formula. Evaluating the probability of a non-adiabatic
transition for the mode $k$ and integrating over the Brillouin zone, it
can be shown that the density of defects in the final state following the
anisotropic quenching is given by \cite{dmdsmukherjee07}
\begin{eqnarray} n &\sim& \frac{4 J_y}{\pi \sqrt{\tau}(4J_y^2-h^2)}~~~~
{\rm for}~~~ h<2J_y, \nonumber \\
&\sim& \frac{h}{\pi \sqrt{\tau}(h^2-4J_y^2)}~~~~{\rm for}~~~ h>2J_y.
\label{dmdsaniso_defect} \end{eqnarray}
The scaling behavior of the density of defects with $\tau$ is shown in Fig.
\ref{dmdsnvstau_jx}.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.2in,width=2.8in,angle=0]{dmdsreview3.eps}
\caption{Plot of kink density $n$ versus $\tau$ as obtained for $h =
0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8$ (from bottom to top in the large $\tau$ region), with
$J_y= 1$ for anisotropic quenching.
For large $\tau$, $n$ increases with increasing $h$, whereas for
small $\tau$, it decreases with increasing $h$.} \label{dmdsnvstau_jx}
\end{center} \end{figure}

Although Eqs. (\ref{dmdsaniso_defect}) satisfy the Kibble-Zurek
scaling, the density of defects diverges for $h=2J_y$, i.e., in a passage
through the multicritical points. This necessitates a generalization of
the Kibble-Zurek prediction for quenching through a multicritical point.
In the next section, we propose a generalized scaling for the density of
defects valid for quenching through a critical point as well as
a multicritical point.

In Fig. \ref{dmdsentropy}, we present the variation of the von Neumann
entropy density of the final state defined by \cite{dmdslevitov06}
\begin{eqnarray} s ~=~ -\int^\pi_0 \frac{dk}{\pi} ~[~p_k \ln (p_k) ~+~
(1 - p_k) \ln (1 - p_k) ~]. \end{eqnarray}
following the anisotropic quenching with the rate of quenching. Even
though the final state is a pure state as a result of a unitary dynamics,
it can also be viewed locally, or on a coarse-grained wave vector scale, as a
decohered (mixed) state \cite{dmdslevitov06}. In the limit of $\tau \to 0$,
the system does not get enough time to evolve; hence it largely retains its
initial antiferromagnetic order which results in a low local entropy
density. On the other hand, for slow quenching ($\tau \to \infty$), the
system evolves adiabatically, always remaining close to its instantaneous
ground state; this results in a final state with local ferromagnetic
ordering, and hence again with a low local entropy density. We observe that
the entropy density shows a maximum at a characteristic time scale $\tau_0$
where the magnetic ordering of the final state also changes from
antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.2in,width=2.8in,angle=0]{dmdsreview4.eps}
\caption{Plot of von Neumann entropy density $s$, staggered magnetization
$m_{sx}$ and magnetization $m_x$ as a function of $\tau/\tau_0$, for
$J_y = 1$ and $h = 0.2$ in the anisotropic quenching case.}
\label{dmdsentropy}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Let us briefly mention a few other interesting variants of the transverse
quenching scheme. In a repeated quenching dynamics of the same model,
the transverse field $h(=t/\tau)$ is quenched repeatedly between $-\infty$
and $+\infty$ \cite{dmdsmukherjee08}. We refer to a single passage from $h
\to - \infty$ to $h \to +\infty$ or the other way around as a half-period of
quenching. An even number of half-periods corresponds to the transverse
field being brought back to its initial value of $-\infty$, whereas, in the
case of an odd number of half-periods, the dynamics is stopped at $h \to
+\infty$. The probability of a non-adiabatic transition at the end of $l$
half-periods can be shown to follow the recursion relation
\begin{eqnarray} p_k(l) = (1 - e^{-2\pi\gamma}) - (1 - 2e^{-2\pi\gamma})
\left[ 1 - p_k(l - 1))\right] ,\end{eqnarray}
eventually yielding the simplified form of
\begin{eqnarray} p_k(l) &=& \frac{1}{2} - \frac{(1 - 2e^{-2\pi\gamma})^l}{2}.
\end{eqnarray}

For large $\tau$, the density of defects is generally found to vary as
$1/\sqrt{\tau}$ for any number of half-periods. On the other hand, for
small $\tau$, it shows an increase in kink density for even values of $l$.
However, the magnitude is found to depend on the number of half-periods of
quenching. For two successive half-periods, the defect density is found
to decrease in comparison to a single half-period,
suggesting the existence of a corrective mechanism in the reverse path.
The entropy density increases monotonously
with the number of half-periods, and shows qualitatively the same behavior
for any number of half-periods. For a large number of repetitions
$(l \to \infty)$, the defect density saturates to the value $1/2$ while
the local entropy density saturates to $\ln 2$.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=1.9in]{dmdsreview5.eps}
\caption{Plot of kink density $n$ after $l$ half cycles as a function
of $\tau$, for $J_x-J_y =1$ and $l = 1,2,3,4$. ${\bar n} (4)$ denotes the
defect density as obtained from the analytical expression. In the limit of
large $\tau$, the numerical results match perfectly with the analytical
results.} \end{center} \end{figure}

The effects of interference on the quenching dynamics of Hamiltonian in
(\ref{dmdsmatrix}) when the transverse field $h(t)$ varies sinusoidally with
time as $h = h_0\cos{\omega t}$, with $|t| \leq \pi/\omega$ has also been
studied in a recent work \cite{dmdsmukherjee09}.
In this scheme of quenching, the time interval between two successive
passages through the quantum critical points can be small enough for the
presence of non-trivial effects of interference in the dynamics of the system.
It has been shown that for a single passage through a quantum critical point,
the interference effects do not contribute leading to a kink density
which goes as $n \sim \sqrt{\omega}$. On the other hand, repeated passages
through the quantum critical points result in an oscillatory behavior of the
kink density as well as the entropy density.

\section{Quenching through a multicritical point}

We shall now propose a general scaling scheme valid for quenching through a
multicritical point as well as a critical point \cite{dmdsdivakaran09} using
the LZ non-adiabatic transition probability \cite{dmdslandau,dmdssei} discussed
before. We begin with a generic $d$-dimensional model Hamiltonian of the form
\begin{equation} H ~=~ \sum_{\vec k} ~\psi^{\dagger}(\vec k) ~[ \left( \lambda
(t) + b(\vec k) \right) ~\sigma^z ~+~ \Delta(\vec k) ~\sigma^+ ~+~ \Delta^*
(\vec k) ~\sigma^- ]~ \psi(\vec k), \label{dmdsham} \end{equation}
where $\sigma^{\pm} = \sigma^x \pm i \sigma^y$, $b(\vec k)$ and $\Delta
(\vec k)$ are model dependent functions, and $\psi(\vec k)$ denotes the
fermionic operators $( \psi_1 (\vec k), \psi_2 (\vec k))$. The above
Hamiltonian represents, for example, a one-dimensional transverse Ising or
$XY$ spin chain \cite{dmdslieb61} as shown in Eq. (1.8), or an extended Kitaev
model in $d=2$ written in terms of Jordan-Wigner fermions
\cite{dmdskitaev,dmdssengupta08}. The excitation spectrum takes the form
\begin{equation} \epsilon_k^{\pm}=\pm \sqrt{(\lambda(t)+b(\vec k))^2+|
\Delta(\vec k)|^2}. \label{dmdsspectrum2} \end{equation}

We assume that the parameter $\lambda(t)$ varies linearly as $t/\tau$ and
vanishes at $t=0$. The parameters $b(\vec k)$ and $\Delta (\vec k)$ are
assumed to vanish at the quantum critical point in a power-law fashion given by
\begin{equation} b(\vec k)\sim |\vec k|^{z_1} ~~~{\rm and}~~~ \Delta(\vec k)
\sim |\vec k|^{z_2}, \label{dmdsexp} \end{equation}
where we have taken the critical mode to be at ${\vec k}_0=0$ without any
loss of generality. Eq. (\ref{dmdsexp}) also implies
that the system crosses the gapless point at $t=0$ when $\lambda=0$, and
$b({\vec k})$ and $\Delta({\vec k})$ also vanish for the critical mode
${\vec k} =0$. Many of the models described by Eq. (\ref{dmdsham}) exhibit
a quantum phase transition with the exponents associated with the quantum
critical point being $z_1>z_2$ and hence $z=z_2=1$. We shall however explore
the more general case encountered at a multicritical point where the
dynamically exponent $z$ is not necessarily given by $z_2$.

The Schr\"odinger equation describing the time evolution of the system when
$\lambda$ is quenched is given by $i \partial \psi_{\vec k} /\partial t =
H \psi_{\vec k}$, where we have
once again defined $\psi_{\vec k}$ as $\psi_{\vec k} = \tilde C_{1,{\vec k}}
|0 \rangle + \tilde C_{2,{\vec k}} |{\vec k},-{\vec k}
\rangle$. Using the Hamiltonian in Eq. (\ref{dmdsham}), we can write
\begin{eqnarray} i \frac {\partial \tilde {C}_{1,\vec k}}{\partial t} &=&
\left(\frac {t}{\tau} + b(\vec k)\right) ~ \tilde {C}_{1,\vec k} ~+~
\Delta(\vec k) ~ \tilde {C}_{2,\vec k}, \nonumber \\
i \frac {\partial \tilde {C}_{2,\vec k}}{\partial t} &=& -\left( \frac {t}
{\tau} + b(\vec k)\right) ~\tilde {C}_{2,\vec k} ~+~ \Delta^*(\vec k)~
\tilde {C}_{1,\vec k}. \label{dmdsschrodinger} \end{eqnarray}
One can now remove $b(\vec k)$ from the above equations by redefining
$t/\tau + b(\vec k) \to t/\tau$; thus the exponent $z_1$ defined in Eq.
(\ref{dmdsexp}) does not play any role in the following calculations.
Defining a new set of variables
$C_{1,\vec k} = \tilde C_{1,\vec k} \exp (i \int^t dt' ~t'/\tau)$ and
$C_{2,\vec k} = \tilde C_{2,\vec k} \exp (-i \int^t dt' ~t'/\tau)$,
we arrive at a time evolution equation for $C_1 (\vec k)$ given by
\begin{equation} \left(\frac {d^2}{dt^2} ~-~ 2i \frac {t}{\tau}
\frac{d}{dt} ~+~ |\Delta (\vec k)|^2 \right)C_{1,\vec k} ~=~ 0. \end{equation}
Further rescaling $t \to t\tau^{1/2}$ leads to
\begin{equation} \left(\frac{d^2}{dt^2} ~-~ 2i t \frac{d}{dt} ~+~ |
\Delta(\vec k)|^2 \tau \right)C_{1,\vec k} ~=~ 0. \end{equation}
If the system is prepared in its ground state at the beginning of the
quenching, i.e., $C_1(\vec k)=1$ at $t=-\infty$, the above equation
suggests that the probability of the non-adiabatic transition, $p_{\vec k} =
\lim_{t \to +\infty} |C_{1,\vec k}|^2$, must have a functional dependence on
$|\Delta(\vec k)|^2\tau$ of the form
\begin{equation} p_{\vec k} ~=~ f(|\Delta(\vec k)|^2\tau). \end{equation}
The analytical form of the function $f$ is given by the general LZ
formula \cite{dmdssei,dmdslandau}. The defect density in the final state is
therefore given by \cite{dmdsdivakaran09}
\begin{equation} n ~=~ \int\frac{d^d k}{(2\pi)^d} ~f(|\Delta(\vec k)|^2\tau) ~
=~ \int \frac{d^d k} {(2\pi)^d} ~f(|\vec k|^{2z_2}\tau). \end{equation}
The scaling $|\vec k| \to |\vec k|^{2z_2}\tau$ finally leads to a scaling
of the defect density given by
\begin{equation} n ~\sim~ 1/\tau^{d/(2z_2)}. \label{dmdsdef} \end{equation}

Let us recall the quenching dynamics of the transverse $XY$
spin chain discussed before \cite{dmdslevitov06,dmdsmukherjee07}.
When the system is quenched across the Ising or
anisotropic critical line by linearly changing $h$ or $J_x$ as $t/\tau$,
$\Delta (\vec k)$ vanishes at the critical point as $\Delta (\vec k) \sim |
\vec k|$ yielding $z_2=z=1$; hence the generalized scaling form given in Eq.
(\ref{dmdsdef}) matches with the Kibble-Zurek prediction with $\nu = z=1$ as
mentioned before. The situation, however, is different when the
system is swept across a multicritical point.

Putting $h=2J_y$ in the Hamiltonian in (\ref{dmdsmatrix2}),
let us analyze the scaling of the diagonal and off-diagonal terms of the
Hamiltonian at the multicritical point. When $J_x=J_y$, the diagonal term of
the Hamiltonian scales as $-J_y(\pi-k)^2$ whereas the off-diagonal term
$|\Delta(k)|\sim|\pi-k|^3$ when expanded around the critical mode at $k=\pi$.
The dynamical exponent is obtained from the diagonal
term so that $z=z_1=2$. As discussed above, the off-diagonal term or more
precisely the exponent $z_2$ determines the scaling of the defect density.
The exponent $z_2=3$ for the $XY$ multicritical point; hence the defect
density scales as $1/\tau^{1/6}$. The density of defects obtained by numerical
integration of the Schr\"odinger equation in (\ref{dmdsschrodinger}) as shown
in Fig. \ref{dmdsnvstau_multi} supports this scaling behavior. For a
non-linear quench across a multicritical point \cite{dmdsmondal091},
when the parameter $\lambda$ is quenched as $\lambda \sim (t/\tau)^{\alpha}
sgn(t)$, both $z_1$ and $z_2$ come into play and the scaling of defect
density gets altered to $n \sim \tau^{-d\alpha\nu/[\alpha(z_2\nu+1)+
z_1\nu(1-\alpha)]}$; this reduces to the form presented above for
$\alpha=1$ and $z_2 \nu=1$.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=3.2in,angle=-90]{dmdsreview6.eps}
\caption{$n$ vs $\tau$ obtained by numerically solving Eq.
(\ref{dmdsschrodinger}) at the multicritical point of the $XY$ model in a
transverse field, with $h=10$ and $J_y=5$. The line has a slope of $-0.16$.}
\label{dmdsnvstau_multi} \end{center} \end{figure}

\section{Quenching along a gapless line}

We now shift our focus to quenching the $XY$ Hamiltonian in (\ref{dmdsh2})
along the gapless line $h=J_x+J_y$ by varying the anisotropy parameter
$\gamma=J_x-J_y$ as $t/\tau$, keeping $J_x+J_y$ fixed \cite{dmdsdivakaran08}.
For convenience, let us set $J_x+J_y=h=1$. The excitation gap vanishes along
this line for the mode $k=\pi$. We rewrite Eq. (\ref{dmdsmatrix}) with the
present notation in the form
\begin{equation} H_k=\left[\begin{array}{ll}
1+\cos k&~~~~ i \gamma \sin k \\
-i\gamma\sin k&~~~~-1-\cos k \end{array}\right]. \label{dmdsmatrix1}
\end{equation}

We once again encounter a situation in which the off-diagonal terms are
time-dependent. Noting that the asymptotic form of the Hamiltonian at $t
\to \pm \infty$ is given by
\begin{equation} H=\frac{t}{\tau} \sin k~ \hat\sigma^x, \end{equation}
we make a basis transformation to a representation in which $\sigma^x$ is
diagonal. The Hamiltonian in (\ref{dmdsmatrix1}) then gets modified to
the form \begin{equation} \left[\begin{array}{ll}
(t/\tau) ~\sin k& ~~~~1+\cos k\\
1+\cos k&~~~~-(t/\tau)~ \sin k \end{array}\right], \end{equation}
where the time dependence has been shifted to the diagonal
terms only. Applying the LZ transition probability formula, the probability
of excitations is found to be
\begin{equation} p_k=e^{-\pi \tau |\Delta_k|^2/\sin k}, \end{equation}
where $|\Delta_k|^2=|1+\cos k|^2=(\pi-k)^4/4$ when expanded about $k=\pi$.
Integrating $p_k$ over the Brillouin zone, we find the that density of
defects falls off as $n\sim1/\tau^{1/3}$. Fig. \ref{dmdsnvstau_gapless}
which shows $n$ vs $\tau$ obtained by numerical integration
of the Schr\"odinger equation confirms the $\tau^{-1/3}$ behavior.

It is to be noted that the Kibble-Zurek formalism cannot address defect
generation along a gapless line. We will now present another general scaling
argument for moving along a gapless line in a $d$-dimensional system.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center} \includegraphics[height=2.0in]{dmdsreview7.eps}
\caption{$n$ vs $\tau$ obtained by numerically solving Schr\"odinger
equation with $\gamma(t) \sim t/\tau$ keeping $h=2J_y$.
Also shown is a line with slope 1/3 for
comparison.} \label{dmdsnvstau_gapless} \end{center} \end{figure}

Let the excitations on the gapless quantum critical line be of the form
$\omega_{\vec k} \sim \lambda | \vec k|^z$, where $z$ is the dynamical exponent
and the parameter $\lambda=t/\tau$ is quenched from $-\infty$ to $\infty$.
Using a perturbative method involving the Fermi Golden rule along with the
fact that the system is initially prepared in the ground state, the defect
density can be approximated as \cite{dmdspolkovnikov07}
\begin{equation} n ~\simeq~ \int \frac {d^d k}{(2\pi)^d} ~\left|
\int_{-\infty}^\infty d\lambda ~\langle \vec k | \frac {\partial}{\partial
\lambda} |0 \rangle ~e^{i\tau \int^{\lambda} \delta \omega_{\vec k}
(\lambda') d\lambda'}\right|^2 . \end{equation}
Let us assume a general scaling form for the instantaneous excitation, $\delta
\omega_{\vec k} (\lambda') = k^a f(\frac{\lambda k^z}{k^a})$, where $k = |
\vec k|$ and $k^a$ denotes the higher order term in the excitation spectrum
on the gapless line. Defining a new variable $\xi = \lambda k^{z-a}$, we
obtain the scaling behavior of the defect density as \cite{dmdsdivakaran08}
\begin{equation} n ~\sim ~1/\tau^{d/(2a -z)} ~. \label{dmdsgeneral}
\end{equation}
The case $d=1$, $a =2$ and $z=1$ has been discussed in this section.
Note that the correlation length exponent $\nu$ does not appear in the
expression in Eq. (\ref{dmdsgeneral}) because our quench dynamics always
keeps the system on a critical line. The scaling for quenching along a
gapless line is less universal in comparison to the general Kibble-Zurek
prediction. For a non-linear quench \cite{dmdsmondal09} $\lambda \sim
(t/\tau)^{\alpha} sgn(t)$, this scaling form gets modified to $n \sim
\tau^{-d\alpha/[a(\alpha+1)-z]}$; this reduces to $1/\tau^{1/3}$
for $\alpha=d=z=1$ and $a=2$.

In passing, let us introduce a variant of the $XY$ Hamiltonian with
an alternating field given by \cite{dmdsjhhp75,dmdsviola08}
\begin{eqnarray} H &=& - ~\frac{1}{2} ~[ ~\sum_j ~{(J_x + J_y)} (\sigma^x_j
\sigma^x_{j+1} + \sigma^y_j \sigma^y_{j+1}) \nonumber \\
& & ~~~~~~~~+~ {(J_x-J_y)} (\sigma^x_j \sigma^x_{j+1} -\sigma^y_j
\sigma^y_{j+1}) + (h-(-1)^j\delta ) \sigma^z_j]. \label{dmdsh1} \end{eqnarray}
The strength of the transverse field alternates between $h+\delta$
and $h-\delta$ on the odd and even sites respectively. For $\delta=0$, we
recover the conventional $XY$ model in a transverse field. This Hamiltonian
can also be solved exactly by a Jordan-Wigner transformation by taking
care of the two underlying sublattices, i.e., by defining $a_k$ and
$b_k$ as two different Jordan-Wigner fermions. The Hamiltonian in the
basis $(a_k^{\dagger}, a_{-k},b_k^{\dagger},b_{-k})$ can be written as
\begin{eqnarray} H_k=\left[ \begin{array}{cccc}
h +J \cos k & i\gamma \sin k & 0 & -\delta \\
-i \gamma \sin k & - h - J \cos k & \delta & 0 \\
0 & \delta & J \cos k - h & i \gamma \sin k \\
-\delta & 0 & - i \gamma \sin k & - J \cos k + h \end{array} \right].
\label{dmdsdimerh2} \end{eqnarray}

The excitation spectrum of the above Hamiltonian is
\begin{eqnarray} \Lambda_k^\pm &=& [~ h^2 +\delta^2 +J^2 \cos^2 k +
\gamma^2 \sin^2 k \nonumber \\
& & \pm 2 \sqrt{h^2 \delta^2 + h^2 J^2 \cos^2 k + \delta^2 \gamma^2 \sin^2
k}~ ]^{1/2}~, \label{dmdslam3} \end{eqnarray}
where $J=J_x+J_y$ and $\gamma=J_x-J_y$,
with four eigenvalues given by $\pm\Lambda_k^{\pm}$.
In the ground state, $-\Lambda_k^+$ and $-\Lambda_k^-$ are filled.
The vanishing of $\Lambda_k^-$ dictates the quantum critical point, and
the critical exponents are obtained by studying the behavior of
$\Lambda_k^-$ in the vicinity of the critical point.
The minimum energy gap in the excitation spectrum occurs at $k=0$
and $k=\pi/2$. The corresponding phase boundaries $h^2=\delta^2+J^2$ and
$\delta^2=h^2+\gamma^2$ signal quantum phase transitions from a paramagnetic
to a ferromagnetic phase respectively.
We extend the study of quenching through a gapless phase in this Hamiltonian
by varying $\gamma$ as before along the phase boundary $h^2=\delta^2+J^2$.
On this gapless line, the dispersion of the low-energy
excitations at $k \to 0$ can be approximated as
\begin{equation} \Lambda_k^- ~=~ \sqrt{\frac{J^4 k^4}{4(\delta^2 + J^2)} +
\frac{\gamma^2 J^2 k^2}{\delta^2 + J^2}} ~. \label{dmdslam6} \end{equation}
This suggests a truncation of the Hamiltonian in (\ref{dmdsdimerh2}) to a
$2\times 2$ LZ Hamiltonian
\begin{equation} h_k ~=~ \left[ \begin{array}{cc}
{\tilde \gamma(t)} k & {\tilde J}^2 k^2 /2 \\
{\tilde J}^2 k^2 /2 & {-\tilde \gamma(t)}k \end{array} \right],
\label{dmdsham2} \end{equation}
where $\tilde \gamma$ and $\tilde J$ are renormalized parameters given by
$\tilde \gamma = \gamma J/\sqrt{\delta^2+J^2}$ and $\tilde J^2 = J^2/
\sqrt{\delta^2+J^2}$. The argument which justifies the truncation of a $4
\times 4$ matrix to a $2 \times 2$ matrix is presented in Ref.
\cite{dmdsdivakaran08}. The diagonal terms in Eq. (\ref{dmdsham2}) describe
two time-dependent levels approaching each other linearly in time (since
$\gamma = t/\tau$), while the minimum gap is given by the off-diagonal term
${\tilde J}^2 k^2 /2$. The probability of excitations $p_k$ from the ground
state to the excited state for the $k$-th mode is given by the LZ transition
formula \cite{dmdslandau,dmdssei}
\begin{equation} p_k ~=~ \exp ~[-~\frac{2\pi \tilde J^4k^4}{8 k d\tilde
\gamma(t)/dt}] ~=~ \exp~[-~\frac{\pi J^3k^3\tau}{4\sqrt{\delta^2+J^2}}],
\label{dmdspk} \end{equation}
and we get back the $\tau^{-1/3}$ scaling form of the defect density
as discussed above.

\section{Conclusions}

The non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum system driven through a quantum
critical point is indeed an exciting and fascinating area of research.
The possibility of experimental realizations of quenching dynamics adds to
the importance of the theoretical research. In this review we have discussed
the scaling relations for the defect density in the final state following
a slow quench across a multicritical point and along a gapless line. In both
cases, the relations obtained here using the LZ transition formula are not
directly derivable using the Kibble-Zurek argument. But in all the cases, the
defect density scales as a power law with the rate of quenching. It should be
noted that the idea of a dominant critical point has also been invoked to
justify the scaling along a gapless line in one-dimensional spin models
\cite{dmdsviola08}. A generalization of the studies presented here to
higher dimensional quantum systems and to systems with quenched disorder are
some of the future directions of this subject.

\vskip .8 cm
\begin{center}
\bf Acknowledgements
\end{center}

The authors acknowledge the organizers of the conference ``Quantum Annealing
and Quantum Computation". We also thank A. Polkovnikov, S. Sachdev,
G. E. Santoro and K. Sengupta for useful discussions at different occasions.
AD also acknowledges R. Moessner and hospitality of MPIPKS, Dresden, where some part
of the work discussed in the review was done.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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The General Association of Vietnamese-Cambodian in Cambodia held a meeting on August 30 to mark the National Day.
Hanoi (VNA) – The Vietnamese Embassy in South Africa on August 30 held a grand ceremony to mark the 72nd anniversary of Vietnam's August Revolution Day (August 19) and National Day (September 2).
Speaking at the ceremony, Vietnamese Ambassador to South Africa Vu Van Dung recalled the country's historical milestone when President Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence at Ba Dinh Square 72 years ago, officially giving birth to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
The more than seven decades have witnessed Vietnamese people's tremendous efforts to overcome challenges to protect national freedom and independence as well as promote national construction, he highlighted.
The Vietnamese Ambassador underlined that the Vietnamese Party and Government always cherish comprehensive partnership relations with South Africa, hoping that the two countries will further effective cooperation in fields of economy, trade, education, security and defence and environment protection.
He expressed his delight over strong cooperation in various sectors between the two nations with two-way trade standing at over 1.2 billion USD in 2016. They are targeting to increase bilateral trade to 3 billion USD by 2020, he added.
Meanwhile, Edward Xolisa Makaya, Chief Director for Africa at the Department of International Relations and Cooperation of South Africa stated that both sides need to take advantage of the sound traditional political relations, including solidarity between the Communist Party of Vietnam and the African National Congress party, to bolster cooperation in fields of their demands and potential like tourism, defence and environment.
He expressed hope that Vietnam will continue to share experience in agricultural development and poverty reduction and the two countries will bolster coordination at regional and multilateral forums.
Vietnam's traditional cuisine was offered to the participants at the event.
The anniversaries were also celebrated at a meeting in Cambodia on August 30 by the General Association of Vietnamese-Cambodian in Cambodia.
President of the Association Chau Van Chi highlighted that Vietnamese people community in Cambodia is an inseparable part of Vietnam and they always turn their heart to the fatherland.
Meanwhile, Vietnamese Ambassador to Cambodia Thach Du affirmed that Vietnamese expatriates, including those in Cambodia, have played an important part in the country's robust achievements in the past years.


The DEWALT 60V MAX* Handheld Blower powers through debris at 129 MPH. It features a variable speed trigger and speed lock for total power control, and its lightweight and ergonomic design maximizes control and minimizes stress on your arms. It has a 60V MAX* FLEXVOLT battery that powers 60V MAX* tools or it can be backwards compatible to work with 20V MAX* tools.


text:
Q: How to disable pretty-printing in Groovy MarkupBuilder? I have a string input in my Mule flow. It passes through my Groovy Script and outputs XML. I originaly had the script followed by an XSLT converter to remove empty nodes and set the indent to "no" in the output tag. But now I removed it as I cannot use it in conjunction with my script if I want to keep the special characters (see previous question here).
Instead I now check each value before printing the nodes. But the problem I have is my XML needs to be unindented in order to work with my InDesign project I adapt the XML for. I lost that ability when I removed the XSLT so I fixed one problem but created another.
I found the method getPrinter(), I used it with the setAutoIndent(false) but it didn't change anything to the output and created no errors. Not to sure where to use it.
Here's my script :
public Boolean isEmpty(value){
    if(value.toString().trim() == "" || value.toString().trim() == '' || value == null)
        return true;
}

root = new XmlSlurper(false,false).parseText(payload)

if(root.name() == 'GetActivitiesResponse')
    startEach = root.children().children()
else
    startEach = root.children()

def xml = new StringWriter().with { w -> new groovy.xml.MarkupBuilder(w).with {
        mkp.xmlDeclaration(version: "1.0", encoding: "utf-8")
                 escapeAttributes = false
                 getPrinter().setAutoIndent(false);
                 "w_import_saisie_web"() {
                    startEach.each { p -> "w_evenement"() {
                        if(!isEmpty(p.PresentationDate))
                            "w_dates"{ mkp.yieldUnescaped (p.PresentationDate.toString() + "
")  }
                        if(!isEmpty(p.SubTitle))
                            "w_contexte"{ mkp.yieldUnescaped (p.SubTitle.toString() + "
") }
                        //if(!isEmpty(p.SubTitle))
                            "w_nom_evenement"{ /*p.GEVT_Type*/ mkp.yieldUnescaped ("Nom evenement" + "
") }
                        if(!isEmpty(p.Name))
                            "w_titre"{ mkp.yieldUnescaped (p.Name.toString() + "
")}
                        if(!isEmpty(p.ShortDescription) || !isEmpty(p.Teaser))
                            "w_texte"{mkp.yieldUnescaped (p.ShortDescription.toString() +  p.Teaser.toString() + "
")}

                             p.SubEvents.children().each { q -> "w_bloc_sous_evenement"() {
                                if(!isEmpty(q.PresentationDate) || !isEmpty(q.Name))
                                    "w_sous_eve_titre"{ mkp.yieldUnescaped (q.PresentationDate.toString() + q.Name.toString() + "
")}
                                if(!isEmpty(q.ShortDescription) || !isEmpty(q.Teaser) || !isEmpty(q.WebDescription))
                                    "w_sous_eve_desc"{mkp.yieldUnescaped (q.ShortDescription.toString() + q.Teaser.toString() + q.WebDescription.toString() + "
")}
                                }
                             }
                             if(!isEmpty(p.Site) || !isEmpty(p.PresentationHours))
                                "w_coordonnees"{ mkp.yieldUnescaped ("teeeessdfsdfsdfst" +  p.Site.toString() + ' - ' + p.PresentationHours.toString() + "
")}
                        }
                    }
                }
    }
    w.toString()
}

A: Add an IndentPrinter when you create the MarkupBuilder.
def xml = new MarkupBuilder(new IndentPrinter(new PrintWriter(writer), "", true))

See this question:
groovy.xml.MarkupBuilder disable PrettyPrint
I tried a bunch of different things to see if setAutoIndent was effective (setting it before passing the IndentPrinter to the MarkupBuilder for example) and it didn't seem to have any effect. So, like you, I'm wondering about its purpose.

A: Realised I was searching too hard... just added this simple line to the toString() at the end...
w.toString().replaceAll(">\\s+<", "><").trim();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hello everyone. My name's Giang. I'm going to take IELTS exam next summer, so I really need your help to improve my writing skills.
Advanced medical treatments are generally expensive. People's access to proper health care should not depend upon their level of income. All people have the right to access the best medicine available"
In more recent decades, the issue of whether the same quality of healthcare and treatment should be provided to every resident has remained a matter for debate. This essay will explain why the idea mentioned above should not be bring into reality.
To begin with, there would be much more presure putting on the healthcare system if all indivisuals had access to the most advanced medical treatments. To take the National Health Service in the United Kingdom as a classic example, the state hospitals are difficult to run in spite of their extreme effords, because they always have very long waiting lists for operations and appointments. As an ineviable consequence, a lot of people may suffer from slow treatment. This example illustrates the current situation in which patients are being equally treated with the latest remedies.
Another reason is that such ideal policy which guarantee people with the adequate health services may constrain the national development. First, because the government must invest a large amount of the tax money in healthcare, other areas such as education and environment will suffer from cutbacks and underfunding. Second, people may take the welfare state for granted, so they do not have to work hard but still be able to enjoy a reasonable quality of lives. In these ways, giving out the same level of treatment to every patient is capable of damaging the economy.
In conclusion, I believe that we should not provide adequate healthcare to the public for our own interest as well as the whole nation.
Hello giang, i just want to point out spelling mistakes, in paragraph 2 line 1 indivisuals, and paragraph 2 line 2 effords. Although i am pretty sure those are just only typos you accidentally made.
In conclusion, I believe that we should not provide adequate healthcare to the public for our own interest as well as the whole nation because it will take too much portion of the tax money.
However since i am a newbie as well, please do not classify this as an expert opinion but rather peer input. Good luck!
Anyway, thank you for helping me.
Home / Writing Feedback / People's access to proper health care should not depend upon their level of income.


From February 29 to March 5, 2012 a group of 30 students and professors flew to Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland for a study visit.
After spending the larger part of the first day travelling to Scotland, we began our sojourn in the country's capital with a relaxing dinner and an evening in Edinburgh's pubs and bars. More or less rested, the group was taken on a tour through the historical Edinburgh by Roy Pinkerton, a former professor at the University of Edinburgh, and Christoph Heyl, a colleague from the University of Essen who has taught at Bamberg before.
Beginning with Greyfriars Kirkyard, we walked to Edinburgh Castle, an ancient structure which rises high above the city, served as a royal residence for Scotland's kings and queens throughout the Middle Ages, and later, after the so-called 'Joining of Crowns,' was turned into a military basis of historically varying importance. Following a tour through the castle grounds (f. ex. St. Margaret's Chapel, the National War Museum, the Royal Palace) Prof. Pinkerton led the group down the Royal Mile explaining the historical sights and architecture along this 'spine' of old Edinburgh.
Edinburgh, students learned, was not only a city of enlightened thinking; it was also one of deeply shadowy dealings. On the occasion of our visit of Greyfriars Kirkyard, as well as during our walks through the city, Prof. Heyl and several student presentations thus pointed out the relics of Edinburgh's darkest histories, the most memorable of which certainly the encaged graves on the old cemetery, constructed to prevent body snatchers from digging up the freshly buried. As the city's advances in medicine increased the demand for corpses, unscrupulous men had made it their business to dig up bodies to sell them, and even to kill people in order to procure their horrific merchandise.
That such events, along with the city's particular atmosphere might have influenced the works of many writers, quickly began to make sense. Among these authors whose texts were in this manner inspired, it hast been argued, were famous authors of the past, like Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Stories of Sherlock Holmes) or Robert Louis Stevenson (The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde), as well as of the present, like Scottish crime writer Ian Rankin and J. K. Rowling.
Following the tradition of the study trips of the past years, we had to use the opportunity to profit at least a little bit of the lively Scottish theatre scene. After having enjoyed the performance of a comic improvisation group in Edinburg, we took a day trip to Glasgow in order to watch two plays at the Theatre Royal and the Citizens Theatre respectively: first, An Appointment with the Wicker Man, a musical parody of the 1973 horror film and cult classic The Wicker Man produced by the National Theatre of Scotland, and second, Harold Pinter's Betrayal, a play subtly exploring the hidden emotions and motivations of its three protagonists in a love triangle. Despite its comic character, especially Wicker Man exemplified once more a national consciousness of the kind one also finds in many of Edinburgh's museums, art galleries and tributes to its most celebrated literary figures. It is a national consciousness rooted in both histories and stories, facts and fictions, past and present.
In fact, one could say, the entire city of Edinburgh embodies this national consciousness oscillating between past and present. Whether one is standing on Calton Hill with view of the port and the National Monument, or on Arthur's Seat with view of the entire city, old and new, it becomes clear that Edinburgh is both mindful of her history and busy reinventing herself. In this context, Scotland's capital is a place whose identity, like that of the entire country, is also very much directed toward the future, as we realized especially during our visit to the new Parliament Building, where plans have been made for a referendum deciding on Scottish independence as soon as 2014.
Edinburgh is a fascinating city brimming with history and buzzing with life which makes a study trip worth while in ways impossible to detail. So, thank you to Prof. Christoph Houswitschka for bringing in Prof. Pinkerton and Prof. Heyl as guides to the city's many riches; thank you also to Susan Brähler, Barbara Kehler and Nicole Konopka for the participation and to Johannes Weber in particular, for the flawless organization of this 2012 excursion. Those who could not attend, I dare say, have missed out on something amazing and should look forward to the next study trip organized by the department of English Literature.


text:
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To my son, born during the climate crisis: Get mad and get ready
By Bill Weir, CNN Chief Climate Correspondent
Published 6:13 AM EDT, Fri April 22, 2022
Bill Weir/CNN
Dear River,
It's just over two years since you joined our Little Blue Marble ride through the Milky Way and now that you can say things like "Bill Weir I want banana smoothie," it's time to learn the difference between "Happy Birthday" and "Happy Earth Day."
Both are in April, but one of them has cake and Hopalong Andy and the other, frustration with humanity. Both involve balloons, only on Earth Day we get pick their deflated shards off a beach or festoon them around a protest sign on a march down Broadway.
I was a toddler your size when this "holiday" began, back when the skies of Los Angeles had the look of a neglected fishbowl and a river in Ohio held so much oily pollution that it turned the color of a rainbow and burst into flames.
The problems with an economy built on dirty fuels and planned obsolescence were so disgustingly obvious back in my boyhood that leaders from both political tribes agreed to create the Environmental Protection Agency and pass the Clean Air and Water Acts. As you learn more about the Congress of your birth, this will seem adorable.
But they were right. Those moves are the reason people can now see the San Gabriel mountains from downtown L.A. and fish in the Cuyahoga River and allow Donald Trump to say that there's no need for environmental regulations because we have "the cleanest air, the cleanest water."
By the 20th Earth Day in 1990, it was easier being green but the advice of the day included asking the post office to stop sending junk mail and to cut up your plastic six-pack rings to save seagulls from strangulation. Meanwhile, 163 million tons of trash were left by Earth Day festival goers in Central Park.
"'These people didn't leave as much behind as people who attend food fairs do," said a sanitation official at the time. "It was an environmentally sensitive crowd."
But while we were focused on our most obvious missteps as a species, none of us could see the trillions of tons of planet-cooking, reef-killing fossil fuel pollution pumping invisibly into our seas and sky. And the consequences were too slow-mo to notice.
A few weeks after you were born, we entered a hurricane season so active that we ran out of letters in the alphabet to name them and the storms that came a year later were even more costly.
On the day you learned to open kitchen cabinets, 15 Giant Sequoias trees that had been swaying with the California winds for 2,000 years couldn't survive 2021.
And the week before your 2nd birthday, it was 50°F above normal near the North Pole. This should have been alarming enough, but at the same time, it was 70°F above normal near the South Pole. Since they are, by definition, polar opposites THIS SHOULD NEVER HAPPEN and going forward at this rate, it can only get worse.
At the current carbon pollution levels, River, when you are my age science predicts that the average American city will feel like it has moved over 500 miles south. Anchorage could be warmer by 24°F and almost 360% wetter while Washington D.C. would have the heat and humidity of Greenwood, Mississippi. Tucson could jump 10°F while losing almost 40% of its already precious precipitation, putting it in the category of Mexican towns in the Sonoran Desert, and Jacksonville, Florida will feel like the northern border of Belize.
We don't know how accurate these models will prove to be because, as the scientists like to say, we have no spare Earths to experiment with. This is it. You, your sister, your pal Matilda and the rest of the neighborhood scooter gang are the test subjects.
When you look back, you'll probably wonder what we were doing with this information beyond recycling junk mail and seagull-safe six-packs, but you should know there were countless good souls ready to pitch in. "What can I do?" I've heard in many an airport and at some point I started responding with a list.
1. Get mad.
2. Get ready.
3. Get as many new friends as you can.
Step 1 is easy. First, examine your own "eco-anxiety" (a term that jumped in use by 4,290% in 2019) and then remind yourself that the scientists inside the biggest oil company in the world were eco-anxious back when "Saturday Night Fever" was in theaters. Internal documents show they predicted exactly what we are seeing now.
When you realize that their bosses in the C-suites decided not to tell anyone for decades, that anger will then be a renewable resource and could fuel any number of peaceful actions, from turning urban spaces green to statehouse lobbying to volunteering in places of environmental injustice. Since the climate crisis touches everything, everywhere, follow your passion to a point of action.
Bill Weir shares tips to improve your nature photography
And this feeds into Steps 2 and 3.
In 2019, FEMA completely changed the way they assess flood disaster risk across the country. Instead of just focusing on storm prediction and elevation, they factored in 78 socioeconomic factors from income inequality to high-speed internet access to church membership. Since these determine the speed of recovery, tight, trusting communities on the coast were determined to be less vulnerable than towns 50 miles inland.
By throwing Earth out of balance, we've baked ourselves a pie chart with three slices: Mitigation (stopping the problem), adaptation (bracing for the problem) and pain. The relative size of each slice is yet to be determined, but an active, organized community is the one thing that helps ease all three. And nothing scares polluters more.
The two years since your birth have been also been packed with a pandemic, insurrection, impeachment, a cold civil war at home, a hot ground war in Eastern Europe and the deliberate erosion of truth. Throw in industrial-sized addiction, distraction and depression and '22 was… a lot.
But covering this beat, I've come to realize that mainlining peer-reviewed doom all day is hazardous to your health. For both sanity and success, we must focus both on the End of Life As We Know It and Life As We Know It Could Be. It won't be a silver bullet that saves what we love, but buckshot blasts of better ideas.
And as for Earth Day? Think about it this way: What would life be like if you only showed Mom you love her on Mother's Day? Even if you never gave her pain a second thought the rest of the year, you'd only be hurting yourself.


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"AppInventiv delivering custom application development for banking and finance sectors"
Finance and banking vertical is a mission critical but yet they are very enticing domain. AppInventiv works with ASPs and ISVs, thus, specializing in finance and accounting software development. Till date, we have worked for various insitutes and banking sites to develop and deploy the comprehensive accounting and finance software solutions. These mobile solutions include processing of a multitude of transactions, conducting ongoing financial operations, reconciling cash workflow, easily keeping track of assets and liabilities especially when data needs to be consolidated from across various offices and affiliates.
How AppInventiv can Assist you with your Finance & Banking Mobile Solutions?
AppInventiv has helped various finance and banking sectors in developing and integrating high-level accounting and finance software solutions. It has helped companies and brands make the financial management process error-free through the use of state of the art mobile application development technologies and ground-breaking software engineering tools.
Why AppInventiv for your Accounting and Finance Management Workflow?
Be it finance or banking institution or retailer, everyone faces the necessity to easily manage the inflow and outflow of the financial funds and keep an accurate accounting and data record. We have helped many clients through our accounting and finance management systems in getting their general ledger reconciliation and monetary transaction reports done in a much faster rate. And, have helped them with a high-end finance solution, thus making their cash management and accounting management processes more transparent and manageable. Consequently, this has led to fewer miscalculations, transaction duplication and mistakes. By leveraging AppInventiv's software solutions, our client's have helped many businesses in manging their finance and banking business activities, thus, they can be easily aligned for getting better control.
AppInventiv assists finance and banking companies by providing them with all-round reporting, planning and analytical systems for bug-free, careful and thorough insights into the future finance and banking market dynamics. Our mobile solutions and application development services has helped clients across the globe in staying several steps ahead, assessing possible risks for their finance and banking business activities, and making assumptions on the best-suited action plan for future development.
AppInventiv already has an amazing records in application development for finance and banking vertical. And, it has delivered number of top-notch mobile app projects to its premium clients to help their businesses gain visibility and traction. We have helped clients across the world with a substantial market share in finance and banking segment. And, that's why we have a large number of end-clients.
Interested in Knowing More About Finance Applications?


text:
Q: git not adding files from different git directory How do you add git revisioned files to a different git?
Current Setup:
env/A.txt
env/.git         <-- parent git

env/docs
env/docs/B.txt
env/docs/.git    <-- child git

While inside env directory I want to be able to add all files to parent git including the ones from child git. For some reason I am not able to do that. All files that are inside env/docs/B.txt are not adding to parent git. What to do?

A:
For some reason I am not able to do that

That is expected: docs is considered a nested Git repository, and only its root tree SHA1 would be recorded, as a gitlink.
It is not a submodule, not unless you have a .gitmodules at the root of your parent repo, referencing docs/.
You would need first to remove the gitlink if you already added it: see "Nested GIT Repository mistake method to remove it?"
Then one solution is to add the docs remote repo as a submodule.
But if you don't care about the history of those files, the other approach would be to move or remove the docs/.git folder: that would make docs/ a regular subfolder, that you can add and commits from its parent folder envs/.


[hobbit] Enabling WML for blackberry viewing Ruhala, Jemimah J.
Critical systems question Stewart, Tom L.
Maintenance vs. clear messages Meserole, Keith W.
[hobbit] Maintenance vs. clear messages Meserole, Keith W.
help with devmon template required Klomp, H.
if_load graphs are not stable Klomp, H.
hobbitd_rrd not writing all information Klomp, H.
[hobbit] hobbitd_rrd not writing all information Stewart, Tom L.
[hobbit] hobbitd_rrd not writing all information Klomp, H.
Use several Hobbit on different place L.M.J.
[hobbit] New feature ? Stewart, Tom L.


How long should I keep my investments?
Decisions on selling assets are usually carefully considered and can be made in agreement with an advisor based on your personal investor profile. The period for which investments are to be retained (investment horizon) is determined when assets are purchased. But for how long should you keep your assets invested in your custody account within the investment horizon? We provide some advice and answers.
Every investor is different: some adopt a high-risk approach in the aim of generating the greatest possible return on the stock exchange. Others pursue safety-first strategies. They invest in assets that entail less risk, but which also generate lower returns. Many people prefer to adopt a balanced investment approach – risk-aware, but return-optimized. Fortunately, today private investors can determine an investment strategy tailored to their requirements inexpensively and select the desired weighting between shares, bonds and other forms of financial investment. More on this can be found in the article entitled "In simple terms, what's an investor profile?" Investment strategy funds directly aligned with the investor's strategy make investment even easier.
A significant change to your own financial situation can have an impact on your personal investment strategy and the investment horizon aimed at. It's therefore advisable to review your own portfolio from time to time and to redeploy assets if necessary. This means selling existing investments and purchasing more suitable products. For example, an investment strategy with a very high weighting of shares may be suitable for a single person who is financially independent. After buying a home and starting a family, people's risk appetite may decline and their investment strategy may need to be revised. Reducing the amount of shares may be a good solution, for example.
But not every deviation needs to be immediately offset – restructuring a portfolio entails both direct costs (for example, fees) as well as indirect ones incurred through the purchase of new products – any currency differences must also be taken into account.
If you're going to sell investments, it's best to think everything through carefully – it's worth keeping a close eye on fees, for example. Costs are incurred when selling shares, bonds and sometimes also funds. This varies from bank to bank.
In the case of funds, there is an alternative solution to selling all the fund units in one go: by setting up a fund withdrawal plan, investors who have accumulated assets can have amounts paid out on a regular basis. They can decide on the amount and frequency of payments for themselves.
The idea behind this is that not all of the fund units are sold and paid out at the same time, but instead based on a plan determined by the investor governing the level and regularity of payments. This approach should offset any price fluctuations. It also allows investors to minimize the risk of selling at an unfavourable time.
Investors should plan long-term as far as possible. They should also regularly review their personal investment strategy as their investment horizon, risk appetite and risk capacity can change over the course of time due to new circumstances in life.
Your advisor would be pleased to assist you in defining your individual investment strategy and with planning the sale of your assets.


text:
Sons of Bransford (S.O.B.)
Jim Bransford
Alice O. Lynch
S.O.B. Awards
Awards Event
Present and Past Awardees
Healing Conference
Copy 2 of Jim Bransford
The Sons of Bransford, most commonly referred to as S.O.B.s, is a group of African American men in the community servicing as mentors, leaders, inventors and inspiration to other men young and old. That have proven in manner set forth by their name sake Mr. Jim Bransford to be redeemable, responsible and resilient in overcoming the trials of life, and successful in extraordinary service to the community.
Their mission is to create opportunities to identify and honor African American men proven to be redeemable, responsible and resilient in overcoming the trials and tribulations attendant to their life in America. And to recognize and celebrate their achievements that others can draw strength, courage, and hope from them as peaceful warriors rather than giving in to the darkness of despair and hopelessness.
We will also honor his life and leadership in light of his passing on July 31, 2020. Jim has touched multiple generations of families with his plain spoken and practical approach to solving life's problems. Jim was the embodiment of resiliency, tenacity and love for family and community.
"..As for the best leaders, the people do not notice their existence...When the best leader's work is done the people say, We did it ourselves!" - Lao-tsu
For more information, contact Sam Simmons at 612-721-0106 or SSC@comcast.net
© 2021 by Samuel Simmons Consulting. Proudly created with Wix.com


Bicycle Repair and MAINTENANCE - SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!
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INCLUDES - Minor Tune-up PLUS Derailleur adjustment, True wheels, Clean crank, cassette and derailleur.
Recommended every 12 mths. or 6,000 miles.
INCLUDES - Complete drive-train removal for detailed clean & lube. Clean & lube chain and shift cables.
Recommended every 2 years or 12,000 miles.
Recommended as often as your bike needs.
INCLUDES - Detailed cleaning of bicycle and components. Lube chain & cables. Extra dirty and rusty bikes add $15.00.
Need to rent a bike? Our rental fleet of bikes includes mountain, cruiser and tandem bicycles.


The smell of christmas trees will evoke images of festive holidays and invigorates and uplifts the spirit. Diffuse Balsam Fir Needle oil to fill the house with the smell of fresh fir trees and add colours to the festive mood.
Plant Parts Used: Needles and Twigs.
Middle Note: Sweet, balsamic, resinous.
Dry Note: Faintly sweet and balsamic.
Aromatherapy Actions: Centering, refreshing, harmonizing, expectorant, warming.


Increased requirements regarding anti-burglary protection and heat retention as well as the increased use of glass elements are resulting in increasingly heavier doors and thus increased loads for hinge technology used for PVCu entrance doors. The recently developed SIKU 3D K 6060 hinge system therefore offers a perfect combination of an attractive design, proven technology and an increased load capacity of up to 160 kg.
To meet increased requirements, SIMONSWERK developed the new model version SIKU 3D K 6060. The model has an increased load capacity of up to 160 kg, maintenance-free slide bearing technology as well as convenient 3D adjusting technology. This guarantees infinite adjustment of +/- 5.0 mm laterally, -1/+4 mm vertically and a change in depth of up to +/- 2.0 mm. This adjustment technology allows fitters to align the door element easily, quickly and effectively. Upon request, all SIKU 3D hinge systems can be supplied with a security pin (MSTS) for additional anti-burglary protection for entrance doors that open outwards.
The design of the new SIKU 3D K 6060 model version also impresses: The elegant and modern appearance as well as the 140 mm long knuckles discreetly draw attention to the three-part hinge system and offer a wide variety of design options. This quality is particularly highlighted in conjunction with wing-concealing panels. With a load capacity of up to 160 kg, the hinge system is suitable for the use of virtually any commercially available profile types. Requirements regarding seal values are met without any problems as the knuckle hinges are attached without breaking the sealing plane in the door overlap.
You can find more information on the SIKU range here.


text:
A túnica bordada (ketonet) era a túnica usada pelo Sumo Sacerdote de Israel e pelos sacerdotes, quando serviam no Tabernáculo e no Templo em Jerusalém.

Era feito de linho puro, cobrindo todo o corpo desde o pescoço até os pés, com mangas alcançando os pulsos. A do Sumo Sacerdote era bordada,() e as dos sacerdotes eram planas ()
.

No Dia da Expiação, o Sumo Sacerdote mudaria para uma ketonet especial feitaa de linho fino, que não seria bordada quando ele entrasse no Santo dos Santos. A túnica bordada só poderia ser usado uma vez, com um novo jogo feito para cada ano.

No Talmude
De acordo com o Talmude, o uso da túnica bordada expiou o pecado de derramamento de sangue por parte dos filhos de Israel (Talmude Babilônico, Zevachim 88:B).

Ver também
 túnica do sumo sacerdote de Israel
 manto do sumo sacerdote de Israel
 calções de linho do sumo sacerdote de Israel
 peitoral do sumo sacerdote de Israel
 cinto do sumo sacerdote de Israel
 mitra do sumo sacerdote de Israel
 coroa do sumo sacerdote de Israel
 Éfode
 Urim e Tumim

Ligações externas

Tabernáculo e templos de Jerusalém
Vestuário religioso judaico
Palavras e frases em hebraico na Bíblia Hebraica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


19 OF THE WORLD'S BEST KFC OFFERINGS THAT THE UNITED STATES DOESN'T HAVE. KOREA WINS, HANDS DOWN.
It's no secret that American fast food is one of the great cultural exports the United States has given the world(right next to crippling obesity). Sad as that might be, Americans are defined by our fast food and the world seemingly loves us for it. Among the brands that have done the best job of redefining itself to suit the local palette is KFC. Their inventiveness and world's universal love of fried chicken has allowed it to offer up pretty unique offerings that we generally don't find stateside.
RELATED: INDONESIA, WHY IS YOUR BREAKFAST FAST FOOD BETTER THAN OURS?
Three, count 'em, THREE pieces of hand breaded chicken whose sole purpose is to slay your hunger.
For all you carnivores, not only do you get a slamming piece of fried chicken but this bad boy is also topped with pieces of beef. It is what Putin eats for breakfast.
Philadelphia cream cheese infused with corn bits and slathered on top of fried chicken? The calorie count must mean this sandwich is amazing.
With not enough words in its name, the Zinger Double Down Maxx sandwich is a breakfast offshoot of the American version of the same sandwich. Instead of a beef patty, a hash brown is wedged in the middle of all this. Frankly, I don't know what work I could possibly be doing after eating this for breakfast. Probably operating heavy machinery.
Hash brown, a slice of cheese and tomatoes. Probably the healthiest thing on this list and I use the term "healthiest" in a very loose context.
Like with any bastardized interpretation of Hawaii, it must have a slice of pineapple on it.
Wowsers! I hear Cathay Pacific is running some pretty awesome flight deals right now for SFO to HKG for under $600. It might be worth it to go to Hong Kong just for this. Also, does anyone see the irony in KFC Hong Kong selling Korean style fried chicken?
Thanks to Anthony Bourdain, the world now knows that Hong Kong has this unexplained love for elbow macaroni in tomato soup. Like a bastardized version of fusion cuisine(if that is even possible), this is the kookiest thing we've seen on a KFC menu.
Anything that they've made a fictitious boy band to promote must be good. I think I found my new song to sing the shower.
Looks like a fried chicken quesadilla… which is the best idea I have heard today.
Shredded shrimp molded into a donut shape. My gut tells me we won't be finding this at Krispy Kreme anytime soon.
Looks absolutely respectable and most closely resembles a proper thai meal. I'm sold.
Soft serve ice cream topped off with fixings that we would normally find on shaved ice. Seems promising. Unfortunately I didn't get to try this last time I was in Shanghai. Bummer.
Possibly the only vegan option on this list, but what an option! Fried paneer patty stuffed in between two pieces of bread with all the fixing. I've never had this but I can already tell its going to be one of my favorites.
Localized snack but offered at a KFC.
In theory this shouldn't be all that bad given that there are chips in this exact same form.
Just Kidding. KFC doesn't exist in the hermit kingdom. But they do have their own version of it that apparently is not all that bad.
Just as a FYI, paneer is a type of fresh cheese, so the sandwich would be vegetarian, but definitely not vegan.


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Euros 2012 Play-offs
David Serrano
15 November was the chosen date for finally deciding the last 4 teams that would make up the participants in the 2012 Euros to take place in Ukraine and Poland next summer.
So Croatia, Portugal, Czech Republic and Ireland have all booked their places in the XIVth tournament between European national teams.
Let's begin with Portugal 6 Bosnia 2, the most open tie of the play-offs. 50000 spectators were inside the Stadium of Light in Lisbon to watch their team. Paulo Bento, the coach of the home side, started with a system of a flexible 1-4-3-3, occasionally converting to 1-4-4-2 depending on the circumstances. Rui Patricio in goal, with a defensive line of Joao Pereira, Pepe, Bruno Alves and Fabio Coentrao. Carvalho still seems to be prone to injury. Should he go to the Euros? Should Paulo Bento take the risk? There was good news in midfield for the Portuguese where after a long wait Miguel Veloso played at his best level. We were finally treated to his quality and control of a match. Next to him were Joao Moutinho and Raul Meireles. Up front they went with Nani, Helder Postiga and a simply brilliant Cristiano Ronaldo who scored two goals and making three.
As for Bosnia, they played a very tactical game in the first half but going in at half-time 2-1 down hoping to come back strong in the second half. Stoke City's goalkeeper, Begovic, was in goal, protected in defence by Zahirovic, Spahic, Jahic and Papac. With a midfield line of Rahimic, Medunjanin, Pjanic, Misimovic and Lulic and their star striker Edin Dzeko in attack.
The Croatia – Turkey match was the most contentious of the round. Several comments had been made beforehand, like the one from striker Ivica Olic who said that his 7 year old son had been playing this game on his playstation for the last few years, after the Croatians had gone out of Euro 2008 in the quarter finals against Turkey. Coach Slaven Bilic said he had spent 3 years dreaming of this game.
The Croatians started with the same 11 who played in the first leg except for the necessary changes for banned players, Vukojevic for Dujmovic and Pranjic for Corluka.
Guus Hiddink's Turkey made 8 changes from the first game because of bans and injuries. With the tie almost over thanks to the 0-3 away win by the Croatians, the match was not very interesting, with Turkey starting strongly at first to try to score early and give them a chance. But as time went on, the Turks ran out of steam and the Croatians stretched them, coming close to beating Bolat in the Turkish goal. It finished 0-0.
Montenegro were hosts to the Czech Republic to try to make up a 2-0 deficit. However they lost again, this time 1-0 with a goal by Jiracek the Viktoria Plzen centre midfielder. The match was memorable for the Montenegro game plan, their coach Branko Brnovic wanted Jovetic, Bozovic and Drincic to control possession. And they almost sprung a surprise early in the second half when, from a corner, the Juventus striker Vucinic was inches away from scoring. The game went on and Montenegro couldn't score, then as usually happens in football, a counter attack and goal by the opposition, in this case for Czech Republic with 10 minutes left.
Ireland, after a 4-0 win in Estonia played at half pace in the Dublin Arena in the knowledge they were almost through. If we add to that the absence of the two Estonia centre backs through suspension, Piiroja and Stepanov, plus the goalie Pareiko, it was obvious that Ireland would be half-hearted and run down the clock. The work-rate and desire of Tarmo Ruutli's team, who never threw in the towel and who right to the end were professional in their approach, stood out, making the scoreline 1-1 which satisfied both teams.
Carvalho has retired from international football.