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No DNA link in George Wagner IV's Rhoden murder case
There will be no DNA evidence presented in at least one of the cases against a family accused of murdering eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016.
No DNA link in George Wagner IV's Rhoden murder case There will be no DNA evidence presented in at least one of the cases against a family accused of murdering eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016. Check out this story on chillicothegazette.com: https://www.chillicothegazette.com/story/news/2019/03/22/no-dna-link-george-wagner-ivs-rhoden-murder-case/3249231002/
Jona Ison, Chillicothe Gazette | Chillicothe | The Chillicothe Gazette Published 5:10 p.m. ET March 22, 2019 | Updated 5:36 p.m. ET March 22, 2019
George Wagner IV, center, looks back toward his attorneys as he was led out of the courtroom after his pretrial hearing on March 22, 2019. (Photo: Jona Ison/Gazette)
WAVERLY - There will be no DNA evidence presented in at least one of the cases against a family accused of plotting and murdering eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016.
The new information was revealed during a brief pretrial hearing for George Wagner IV on Friday where he appeared for the first time without visible restraints. His attorney Charles Knight had filed a motion requesting discovery relating to receiving any DNA evidence against his client but dropped the motion after learning from special prosecutor Angie Canepa there wasn't any to disclose.
"They do not have DNA evidence that links the victims to my client," Knight said after the hearing.
Fredericka Wagner looks up at her attorney James Owen as he argues on her behalf before Pike County Common Pleas Judge Randy Deering during a motion and pretrial hearing on Thursday, Jan. 10, 2019. (Photo: Jona Ison/Gazette)
FAMILY ARRESTED: Top 10 for 2018: Wagner family arrested in 2016 massacre of Rhoden family
REVENGE PLOTTED: Rhoden family massacre: Prosecutor alleges Fredericka Wagner plotted revenge
Knight also placed on record Wagner's desire to return to an individual cell at the Ross County Jail — he's currently housed with two other inmates — and his intent is to pen a request to the Ross County Sheriff.
"He's asked if there's some way to have him moved back into the solitary confinement where he was for a while. Not because he's having trouble, he's not in danger, but it's very difficult for him to read the Bible, to do the things he likes to do and concentrate properly," Knight said.
WAGNER ARGUES: Rhoden family massacre: Fredericka Wagner argues for access to church, workplace
NO CONTACT: Judge in Rhoden case orders Angela Wagner to have no contact with her family
Knight acknowledged he understands the jail, like most across the state, is overcrowded, adding he thinks the "Ross County sheriff is doing the best he can."
Wagner, his parents, Angela Wagner and George "Billy" Wagner III, and brother Edward "Jake" Wagner have pleaded not guilty to nearly two dozen charges including eight aggravated murder charges for the shooting deaths of the mother of Jake Wagner's child, Hanna Rhoden, 19, her parents, Christopher Rhoden Sr., 40, and Dana Manley Rhoden, 37, and her brothers Christopher Rhoden Jr., 16, and Clarence "Frankie" Rhoden, 20.
DEATH UNDER INVESTIGATION: Rhoden cousin's death under investigation 2 years after family massacre
George Wagner IV, right, walks into the Pike County courtroom for his initial pretrial hearing on Jan. 9, 2019. Wagner is charged in the aggravated murders of eight members of the Rhoden family in April 2016. (Photo: Jona Ison/Gazette)
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Angela Wagner is led into the Pike County Courtroom for her first pretrial hearing on Jan. 7, 2018. Wagner, her husband, and two sons face eight capital murder charges related to the April 2016 shooting deaths of eight members of the Rhoden family. (Photo: Jona Ison/Gazette)
WAGNER IN COURT: Jake Wagner appears in court again in Rhoden massacre case
Frankie Rhoden's fiancée, Hannah "Hazel" Gilley, 20, was also killed, along with the elder Christopher Rhoden's brother Kenneth Rhoden, 44, and cousin Gary Rhoden, 38.
Angela Wagner also appeared in court this week for a pretrial hearing where the court set out a schedule for the next steps in the case. No trial dates have been set for any of the defendants.
Wagner Family Arraignments
Fredericka Wagner talks with her attorney shortly before her pretrial hearing with Judge Randy Deering on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Fredericka Wagner, 76, of Lucasville, sits by herself in a Pike County Courtroom as lawyers talk behind closed doors with Judge Randy Deering on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Fredericka Wagner's attorney James Owen passionately argues to dismiss the perjury charges regarding the purchase of bullet proof vests that she bought for her son, George "Billy" Wagner III, and that she was not trying to cover up her family's alleged involvement with the murders on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Tony Rhoden watches as Fredericka Wagner's lawyer James Owen passionately argues to dismiss the perjury charges regarding the purchase of bullet proof vests that she bought for her son, George "Billy" Wagner III, and that she was not trying to cover up her family's alleged involvement with the murders on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Special Prosecutor Angie Canepa argues against dismissing the perjury and obstruction charges against Fredericka Wagner in Judge Randy Deering's courtroom on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
A cameraman from NBC4i records Judge Randy Deering's ruling on the motion to dismiss the perjury charges against Fredericka Wagner on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Fredericka Wagner's attorney James Owen listens as Judge Randy Deering rules on his argument to dismiss the perjury charges against Wagner on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Fredericka Wagner, left, briefly talks with Robin Wagner after her pretrial hearing with Judge Randy Deering on March 28, 2019. Wagner is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators in the 2016 investigation concerning the murder of eight members of the Rhoden family. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Leonard Manley, father of Dana Manley Rhoden, watches as Rita Newcomb enters the courtroom for her pretrial hearing at the Pike County Courthouse on March 28, 2019. Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators concerning the deaths of the eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016 and is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
A BCI agent, left, lays his head down as Special Prosecutor Angie Canepa talks with Pike County Prosecutor Rob Junk before Rita Newcomb's pretrial hearing on March 28, 2019. Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators concerning the deaths of the eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016 and is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Rita Newcomb enters the courtroom to learn about her trial dates at the Pike County Courthouse on March 28, 2019. Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators concerning the deaths of the eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016 and is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Rita Newcomb confers with her lawyer Franklin T. Gerlach shortly before Judge Randy Deering enters the courtroom at the Pike County Courthouse on March 28, 2019. Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators concerning the deaths of the eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016 and is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Rita Newcomb, shown here during a previous court appearance, pleaded guilty Monday to obstructing official business in exchange for dropping forgery charges in connection with documents tied to a murder investigation. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette file photo
Rita Newcomb's lawyer Franklin T. Gerlach addresses Judge Randy Deering concerning transcript copies from her grand jury testimony on July 18, 2018. Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators concerning the deaths of the eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016 and is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
(L-R) Franklin T. Gerlach comforts his client Rita Newcomb as they talk with her son Chris after learning about her July trial dates. Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, is accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators concerning the deaths of the eight members of the Rhoden family in 2016 and is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazette
Geneva Rhoden rolls her eyes as George "Billy" Wagner III please not guilty to the list of charges against him in front of Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
George "Billy" Wagner III holds his hands to show a scorpion tattoo as he gives his plea to Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
Robin Wagner gives her phone to para legal Athena Denney before the arraignment of George "Billy" Wagner III at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
Cody Manley watches as George "Billy" Wagner III walks into Judge Randy Deering's courtroom at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
George "Billy" Wagner III talks with his attorney Mark Collins before his plea to Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
Kathy and Cody Manley react as family members of the Wagner family entering the courtroom during the arraignment of George "Billy" Wagner III at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
Robin Manley goes through a stack of business cards as she talks to George "Billy" Wagner III's defense attorneys after his arraignment at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
Rhoden and Wagner family members watch as George "Billy" Wagner III pleads not guilty to Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, December 04, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner III is facing murder chargers, along with his wife Angela Wagner and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette, USA Today
Angela Wagner, 48, of South Webster, puts on her reading glasses as she follows along with the 22 counts of her indictment at the Pike County Courthouse during her arraignment on Thursday, November 29, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Angela Wagner is facing murder chargers, along with her husband George "Billy" Wagner III and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Angela Wagner, 48, of South Webster, is escorted by female deputies into Judge Randy Deering's court for her arraignment at the Pike County Courthouse on Thursday, November 29, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Angela Wagner is facing murder chargers, along with her husband George "Billy" Wagner III and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Angela Wagner, 48, of South Webster, was arraigned in front of Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Thursday, November 29, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Angela Wagner is facing murder chargers, along with her husband George "Billy" Wagner III and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Leonard Manley, father of Dana Manley Rhoden, hugs Special Prosecutor Angie Canepa before the arraignment of Angela Wagner at the Pike County Courthouse on Thursday, November 29, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Angela Wagner is facing murder chargers, along with her husband George "Billy" Wagner III and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Kathy Manley, older sister of Dana Manley Rhoden, breaks down in tears during the reading of charges against Angela Wagner, 48, of South Webster, at the Pike County Courthouse on Thursday, November 29, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Angela Wagner is facing murder chargers, along with her husband George "Billy" Wagner III and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
A Wagner family member whispers into defense attorney Robert Krapenc's ear after the arraignment of Angela Wagner at the Pike County Courthouse on Thursday, November 29, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Angela Wagner is facing murder chargers, along with her husband George "Billy" Wagner III and sons Edward "Jake" Wagner and George Wagner IV, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Edward "Jake" Wagner, 26, of South Webster, was arraigned in front of Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
A police officer points to where Edward "Jake" Wagner, 26, of South Webster should sit in the Pike County Courthouse before his arraignment on Tuesday, November 27, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
The arraignment of George Wagner IV, 27, of South Webster, was held at the Pike County Courthouse on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner is facing murder chargers, along with his brother Edward "Jake" Wagner and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
An attendee of George Wagner IV's arraignment uses his camera to take images of the courtroom while the charges were read by Judge Randy Deering on November 28, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner IV is facing murder chargers, along with his brother Edward "Jake" Wagner and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Judy Manley removes her coat to reveal a "Rhoden Proud, Rhoden Strong" t-shirt at the Pike County Courthouse for George Wagner IV's arraignment on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner IV is facing murder chargers, along with his brother Edward "Jake" Wagner and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
George Wagner IV, 27, of South Webster, walks into Judge Randy Deering's courtroom at the Pike County Courthouse for his arraignment on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner IV is facing murder chargers, along with his brother Edward "Jake" Wagner and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
George Wagner IV, 27, of South Webster, is escorted out of Judge Randy Deering's courtroom at the Pike County Courthouse for his arraignment on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner IV is facing murder chargers, along with his brother Edward "Jake" Wagner and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Co-counsel Richard Nash shows George Wagner IV the charges brought against him as Judge Randy Deering meticulous reads through the indictments at the Pike County Courthouse for his arraignment on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner IV is facing murder chargers, along with his brother Edward "Jake" Wagner and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
A court attendee sitting with the Rhoden family and friends wipes her eyes as she listens to the charges brought against George Wagner IV at the Pike County Courthouse for George's arraignment on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. George Wagner IV is facing murder chargers, along with his brother Edward "Jake" Wagner and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
A Wagner family member sits alone during Edward "Jake" Wagner's arraignment on Tuesday, November 27, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Edward "Jake" Wagner, 26, of South Webster, confers with one of his attorneys before his arraignment in front of Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Edward "Jake" Wagner, 26, of South Webster is escorted into the back of the Pike County Courthouse by police on Tuesday, November 27, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Geneva Rhoden, the mother of Chris Rhoden Sr., holds hands with another family member during the arraignment of Edward "Jake" Wagner on Tuesday, November 27, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Hannah Gilley's mom, left, hugs Geneva Rhoden, the mother of Chris Rhoden Sr., before the arraignment of Edward "Jake" Wagner at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, November 27, 2018, in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Father of Dana Manley Rhoden, Leonard Manley, wears a "Justice for Gilley and the Rhodens" t-shirt during the arraignment of Edward "Jake" Wagner at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Special Prosecutor Angie Canepa talks with Pike County Prosecutor Rob Junk before discussing the media gag order with Judge Randy Deering during Edward "Jake" Wagner's arraignment on Tuesday, November 27, 2108. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Robert Junk looks at Edward "Jake" Wagner as he pleads innocent to the charges read by Judge Randy Deering at the Pike County Courthouse on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 in Waverly, Ohio. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Members of the Wagner family talk quietly after Edward "Jake" Wagner's arraignment on Tuesday, November 27, 2108. Jake Wagner is facing murder charges, along with his brother George Wagner IV and parents George "Billy" Wagner III and Angela Wagner, relating to the deaths of seven Rhoden family members and Hannah Gilley over a possible custody dispute. Jake Wagner is the father of Hannah Rhoden's older daughter and possibly her youngest child. The eight homicides took place in April of 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time, and it would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. If convicted, all are facing the death penalty. Robert McGraw/Gazette
Fredericka Wagner, 76, of Lucasville, covers her face as she walks into the Pike County Courthouse for her arraignment Thursday, November 15, 2018. Wagner along with Rita Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, are accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators; Newcomb is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. The women are mothers of Angela Wagner and George "Billy" Wagner and grandmothers of the Wagners' two sons, George Wagner IV and Edward "Jake" Wagner, who are facing murder charges in the deaths of the Rhoden family and Hannah Gilley. The eight homicides took place in April 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time. It would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
Pike County Common Pleas Judge Randy Deering listens to the arguments given by the prosecution in regard to the charges concerning Fredericka Wagner Thursday afternoon in Waverly, Ohio. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
A Wagner family member reacts to the possible flight risk of Frederika Wagner during her arraignment Thursday afternoon in Pike County Common Pleas Court in Waverly, Ohio. Wagner along with Rita Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, are accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators; Newcomb is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. The women are mothers of Angela Wagner and George "Billy" Wagner and grandmothers of the Wagners' two sons, George Wagner IV and Edward "Jake" Wagner, who are facing murder charges in the deaths of the Rhoden family and Hannah Gilley. The eight homicides took place in April 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time. It would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
Fredericka Wagner intensely listens as the prosecution discusses her being a possible flight risk to Pike County Common Pleas Judge Randy Deering Thursday afternoon in Waverly, Ohio. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
Frederika Wagner's attorney James D. Owen addresses Judge Randy Deering during her arraignment Thursday afternoon in Waverly, Ohio. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
Rita Newcomb is escorted into Judge Randy Deering's courtroom Thursday afternoon for her arraignment regarding her possible involvement with the murder of the Rhoden family in 2016. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
Rita Newcomb's lawyer Franklin T. Gerlach discusses Newcomb's limited financial means to Judge Randy Deering Thursday afternoon in Waverly, Ohio. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
Rita Newcomb's son Chris intensely listens as Newcomb's lawyer describe in court the current living situation of his mother, who has no electricity and just has a kerosene lamp, to Judge Randy Deering Thursday afternoon in Waverly, Ohio. Wagner along with Rita Newcomb, 65, of South Webster, are accused of perjury and obstructing justice for allegedly misleading investigators; Newcomb is also charged with forging custody documents to cover up the crimes. The women are mothers of Angela Wagner and George "Billy" Wagner and grandmothers of the Wagners' two sons, George Wagner IV and Edward "Jake" Wagner, who are facing murder charges in the deaths of the Rhoden family and Hannah Gilley. The eight homicides took place in April 2016 at four different homes, all around the same time. It would spawn the largest homicide investigation in Ohio history. Robert McGraw/Chillicothe Gazett
Read or Share this story: https://www.chillicothegazette.com/story/news/2019/03/22/no-dna-link-george-wagner-ivs-rhoden-murder-case/3249231002/
Future of building facing demolition still unknown
Boy Scouts delay decision on Chief Logan sale
Newark man pleads guilty to murder of Londonderry man
Chillicothe man charged with animal cruelty
News Briefs: MLK day events announced


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!This Ferrari 456 got away, but there are more like it here.
24k-Mile 2002 Ferrari 456M GT 6-Speed
Bid to $93,000 on 12/14/22 154Comments
MakeFerrari
ModelFerrari 456
OriginItalian
Seller: Lucky35
Location: Bensalem, Pennsylvania 19020
Chassis: ZFFWL44A720126887
24k Miles Shown
5.5-Liter V12
6-Speed Manual Transaxle
Nero Daytona Paint
Sabbia Connolly Leather Upholstery
17" Five-Spoke Alloy Wheels
Pop-Up Headlights
Fog-Lights
Power-Adjustable Front Seats
AM/FM Stereo w/ Six-CD Changer
Manufacturer's Literature
Replacement Tires
Private Party or Dealer: Dealer
Additional charges from this dealer: USD $390 Document Fee
Listed by Lucky35, bid to $93,000
This 2002 Ferrari 456M GT is powered by a 5.5-liter F116 V12 paired with a six-speed manual transaxle, and it is finished in black over light beige Connolly leather. Equipment includes a limited-slip differential, 17″ alloy wheels, pop-up headlights, Scuderia Ferrari fender shields, power-adjustable front seats, a gated shifter, automatic climate control, and an AM/FM/CD stereo coupled with a trunk-mounted CD changer. Modifications are said to consist of revised engine management software, an updated switchable steering ECU, and Tubi stainless exhaust mufflers. The car was first registered in New Jersey and later spent time in Maryland, Virginia, and Florida prior to the selling dealer's acquisition in 2006. A timing belt service was carried out in 2020, and additional work under current ownership is said to have included an exterior repaint, a re-trim of the leather dashboard, rebuilding of the Bilstein shocks, and replacing the tires. This 456M shows 24k miles and is now offered in Pennsylvania with manufacturer's literature, a red duffel bag with covers, a factory optional blue car cover, three key fobs, a tool kit, sheepskin seat covers, Keith Collins mats, a clean Carfax report, and a clean New Jersey title.
The Pininfarina-designed bodywork is said to have been repainted under current ownership in its original color Nero Daytona black metallic by Classic Coach, a Ferrari authorized bodyshop in New Jersey. The modificata models from 1999 onward featured revised cabin forward styling including a grille with inset foglights, restyled interior and dashboard, aerodynamic updates, improved engine cooling, and revised engine management. Additional updates included the first commercial application of carbon fiber in the form of the clamshell hood. Scuderia Ferrari fender shields have been added to this example along with window tint film. The headlight motors have reportedly been rebuilt and paint protection film is said to have been applied to the hood, front fenders, rocker panels, wheel arches, and front and rear bumper covers. The alarm siren was replaced in July 2020 and the driver- and passenger-door glass was adjusted at that time.
Original 17″ five-spoke alloy wheels wear yellow-finished center caps and are mounted with 255/45 front and 285/40 rear Continental ExtremeContact Sport tires that were mounted in November 2022. Stopping power is provided by yellow-finished Ferrari-branded four-piston brake calipers over ventilated rotors at each corner. Factory Bilstein shocks with a driver-selectable sport mode and self-leveling rear suspension were standard equipment, and the selling dealer states that the shocks were rebuilt and re-valved, and the rear shock accumulators were replaced under current ownership. Additional work reportedly included updating the factory shock sport mode actuator gears from plastic to aluminum.
The cabin features Sabbia (Sand) Connolly leather upholstery with black piping detail that extends from the seating surfaces to the center console, lower dashboard, and door panels. Sheepskin covers are fitted over the power-adjustable front bucket seats, and Keith Collins-commissioned sculpted horse floor mats are fitted over the factory floor mats. Additional appointments include automatic climate control, a gated shifter, and a factory AM/FM/CD stereo with an additional trunk-mounted six-disc CD changer. The selling dealer states that the leather dashboard has been reupholstered and sticky buttons have been refinished. The center console ashtray has been replaced with a cup holder.
The leather-wrapped steering wheel frames a 220-mph speedometer and a tachometer with a 7,250-rpm redline as well as gauges for coolant temperature and oil pressure. Auxiliary gauges for oil temperature, fuel level, and an analog clock are mounted in the center stack. The six-digit mechanical odometer indicates 24k miles, approximately 12k of which were added by the selling dealer.
The 5.5-liter F116 V12 features four valves per cylinder, Bosch Motronic fuel injection, and dry-sump lubrication. It is said to have been fitted with revised engine management software, a revised steering ECU that sharpens the steering response when sport mode is selected, and Ferrari 575-specification engine mounts and hood release mechanism. The radiator was repaired during the timing belt service in July 2020, at which time the following components were replaced:
camshaft belt pulleys
tensioner bearings
accessory drive belts
Power is routed to the rear wheels through a six-speed manual transaxle and a limited-slip differential. The selling dealer states that Tubi stainless exhaust mufflers have been installed.
Manufacturer's literature is included in the sale along with service records, original Ferrari red duffel with a steering wheel, front seat and car covers, removed stock center caps for the wheels, the removed stock exhaust components, three key fobs, a spare key fob, books, tools, and tow hook.
The Carfax report shows no accidents or other damage and lists history in New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, and Florida.
The lien noted on the report was released in 2011.
High Bid USD $93,000 (Reserve Not Met)
Auction Ended December 14, 2022 at 11:29AM PT
21,989 views | 1,578 watchers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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← The biology of color – Science Magazine
Google worker says women don't advance in tech because of biology – CBS News →
Researchers describe protein previously unknown in biology – Phys.Org
Posted: August 7, 2017 at 8:45 pm
Ball-and-stick model of part of activated pig aconitase centered on (4Fe4S) cluster bound to cysteine-385, -448, -451, after PDB 7ACN. Credit: wikimedia commons
University of Georgia researchers have discovered a new way that iron is stored in microorganisms, a finding that provides new insights into the fundamental nature of how biological systems work. The research was recently published in the journal Nature Communications.
Iron, a metal that is required by all living organisms, is usually stored with oxygen inside a cell in a complex within a large protein known as ferritin. Researchers have now discovered a new type of protein, known as IssA, that stores iron with sulfur, instead of oxygen, in the form of an iron-sulrfur polymer known as thioferrate.
"This iron-sulfur polymer has been made previously in a test-tube but this is the first time thioferrate has been identified in a biological system," said Michael W. Adams, lead author and Distinguished Research Professor in the department of biochemistry and molecular biology. "In addition, this single type of protein, IssA, self-assembles into extremely large complexes or nanoparticles that can be more than 20-times the size of ferritin. The IssA nanoparticles are so large that they are visible inside whole cells using a microscope."
Researchers also discovered that this new protein plays a role not only in the storage of iron, but also in the assembly of proteins that contain iron-sulfur clusters.
"This work provides new insights into how microorganisms can store iron and also sulfur, and how single proteins can self-assemble into nanoparticles," said Adams. "It also gives a new perspective on how iron-sulfur clusters are synthesized in biological systems."
"Iron sulfur cluster-containing proteins are ubiquitous in biology where the clusters are used to catalyze chemical reactions or to transport electrons, for example, during respiration," he added. "In doing this research, we were interested in elucidating the function and biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters."
In the lab, the team grew microorganisms on a large scale, purified them and then were able to characterize a variety of iron-sulfur proteins and enzymes.
"From our genetic analyses of the organism we knew that IssA was a major protein in the cell, and during our biochemical analyses we noticed IssA due to its extremely large size. Its high abundance and large size made it quite easy to purify," he said. "With the purified protein we could apply various analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and that led us to conclude that IssA was a nanoparticle and contained thioferrate, a iron-sulfur polymer not previously seen in biology. With the pure IssA protein we could also generate antibodies, and this enabled us to visualize IssA in whole cells of the microorganism as a large complex within the cell."
While research of this nature provides fundamental knowledge about how biological systems work, the research could one day be used to engineer nanoparticles for medical or other applications.
"Nanoparticles are used in many medical and electronic applications, although they are typically made of inorganic components," he said. "Engineering protein nanoparticles might be possible if we could understand the properties of IssA that enable it to assemble into nanoparticle-like structures. It is also possible that nanoparticles built on the IssA protein but containing other inorganic materials could have applications."
Explore further: Researchers develop a new way to study key biological processes
More information: Brian J. Vaccaro et al. Biological iron-sulfur storage in a thioferrate-protein nanoparticle, Nature Communications (2017). DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16110
Read more from the original source:
Researchers describe protein previously unknown in biology - Phys.Org
The podocyte adhesome - Nature.com - June 12th, 2017


Enjoy beautiful and relaxing holidays full of wellness, gourmet and skiing. The package includes a 7-days stay with all Royal luxurious comfort services and a 6-days ski pass.
Relax in a wonderful winter paradise and toroughly spoil yourself! The package includes a 7-days stay with all Royal luxurious comfort services and a 6-days ski pass.
Enjoy a royal break and spend some wonderful days full of skiing and wellness. The package includes a 5-days stay for the price of 4 days, the 4-days ski pass and all the royal well-being services.
Please note that the price calculation of the package depends on the daily price valid during the particular season.
and a 4-day ski pass incl. concert.
The singer ensures the musical highlight of the 31st International Spring Snow Festival on Sunday, April 28, 2019 at the Alp Trida! Sarah Connor sold over seven million records. Her unique voice is so familiar and yet it sounds so new, authentic, entertaining and yet full of gut feeling.
Hiking, biking, wellness and culinary delights - this is how we enjoy summer in the Trofana Royal. The package includes a 14-days stay for the price of 12 days, with all Royal luxurious comfort services and a € 140,00 wellness voucher.
Enjoy your unforgettable summer holidays in Ischgl. The package includes a 7-days stay for the price of 6 days with all the Royal luxurious comfort services and a € 70,00 wellness voucher.
Take a short break and recharge your batteries. The package includes a 5-days stay for the price of 4 days with all the Royal luxurious comfort services and a € 50,00 wellness voucher.


"B.C. Buy Local week is an annual celebration of the unique contributions that B.C. businesses make to our economy. They strengthen the social fabric and donate to local causes. They provide great jobs, and support local service providers, keeping money circulating in the community. Consumers love local and B.C. Buy Local Week helps showcase B.C. local owned businesses, and B.C. local grown and local made products found in stores everywhere.
6. Visit Craft Fairs and Farmers Markets.
7. Visit Your BIA or Chamber.


text:
Hits of Kareena Kapoor at a Glance
KareenaKapoor one of the iconic actresses belonging to the Kapoor family was born on Sep 21st 1980. In the Bollywood industry she is longing called as Bebo. In fact she belongs to the family of Kapoors that have gone on to provide some extraordinary stars in the last few years. In the year 2012, she got married to Saif Ali Khan and together they have a son named Taimur. He is currently the talk of the town. Let us now explore some of the popular movies of the great actress, though her career took off with the movie Refugee
KabhiKhushiKabhiGham
In this movie she dons the role of Poo, a carefree girl who lives in a world of fashion. YashJohar produced the movie and it was directed by Karan Johar. In various award shows Kareena was nominated for various awards.
The movie Golmaal went on to receive lot of accolades. Produced by Dillon Mehta the movie was directed by RohitShetty. Basically this was an action and a comedy film she bagged the aware of the best actress.
This movie is based on the book of ChetanBhagat. She donned the role of PiaShastra. Raj Kumar Hirani directed this movie and at that point of time this was the biggest collection in Indian cinema. This was a block buster movie and went on to claim many awards.
Jab Me Met
In this movie Kareena played the role of GeetDhillion a talkative girl. The hero ShahidKapoor plays the role of a depressed man whose love life takes a turn. The moment he meets up with Kareena he becomes positive towards life and falls in love with her.
Of course this has to be one of the top movies of Kareena. In this movie she plays the role of a divorced mother with 3 kids. Karan and HirooJohar have produced the movie and it is directed by SiddharthMalhotra. In this movie she got the award for the best supporting actress.
This movie drew inspiration from King Asoka and his life. Shah Rukh khan played the role of King Asoka whereas Kareena played the role of Kaurwaki. Though the movie was not a box office hit, it did go on to receive a lot of praise from the critics.
To sum it up, these are some of the popular movies of KareenaKapoor. Now ideally you would want to watch these movies and the best platform to download and even buffer them is Vidmate. Thisis one of the outstanding third party apps and you do not have to pay a single penny.The best part about this app is that you do not need a secure internet connection to watch these movies. You can download the movies and save them on to your mobile phone to watch later. Even the file format and the quality of video can be chosen by you. For this reason the app has a lot of takers.


text:
New book cultivates hope through both the physical and passive acts of gardening
By Mark and Ben CullenGreen Spaces
MarkSpecial to the Star
Ben Cullen
Tue., Jan. 12, 2021timer3 min. read
updateArticle was updated 6 days ago
Do you think of gardening as outdoor housework? We all know someone who approaches gardening this way.
Then there are the rest of us. We see the experience in our gardens, whether in the yard or in containers, as an opportunity to engage with nature. We are gardeners, and the garden is a place between a full-on outdoor experience with nature and our indoor homes and workplaces.
This idea is explored in detail in the book "The Well-Gardened Mind, The Restorative Power of Nature," by Sue Stuart-Smith, a British psychiatrist and psychotherapist. Published last year and a Sunday Times bestseller, it's a deep dive into the meaning of gardens, both in an active sense of gardening and the passive experience of standing — or sitting — back and surveying a view of the garden.
Stuart-Smith explores how the physical actions of gardening, like digging, planting and nurturing, connects with our heads. She calls this "freeing of your mind by engaging your hands ... Caring for the garden is nurturing, calming and invigorating" she says. Not only do plants grow, but so do we.
She points out that gardening "allows our inner world and our outer world to coexist," for our minds to connect to the natural world in which we live, rather than the one indoors which is dominated by electronics.
Gardening can only happen with a gardener and that description includes anyone who shapes space by investing in plants and their ancillary supports including pots, soil, and water. We are not controlling nature so much as partnering with it to create a place of beauty and productivity. By planting flowering specimens in our garden, we attract pollinators, bees and birds that have a symbiotic relationship with plants, the pollinator giving fertility to the plant and the flower giving sustenance to the pollinator. The gardener is an enabler.
There was a time, after the Second World War, when gardeners attempted to control nature with chemicals. That is changing. Stuart-Smith draws a helpful comparison between child rearing and gardening. In neither case are we in control of growth but we do foster a certain direction that the child and garden take over time. We contribute our efforts and hope for the best.
Hope is a classic theme in "The Well-Gardened Mind." A chapter is devoted to the lessons that we have learned from war as it relates to gardening. Before we knew about post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it was generally understood that the more time a convalescing soldier spent in a garden or greenhouse, the faster their recovery — both physical and mental. The author reminds us that there are horticultural metaphors for war. Think of the meaning behind the Flanders poppy (the cost of war) and the olive branch (the value of peace). Horticulture touches us in so many ways.
According to Stuart-Smith, in penitentiaries where inmates are given access to a garden, there have been no recorded escape attempts. The point is that all humans, no matter how hopeless their situation, can relate to the life-giving inspiration of a garden.
"When we plant a seed, we sow a narrative of hope," she writes. For those of us who devote our livelihood to gardening and landscaping, this could be our mantra.
This is a textbook that explores the effects of gardening on the human psyche. Frankly, it may not be for everyone. But if you have ever wondered how gardening effects us as humans, it may be for you.
It is loaded with lessons about our work as enablers of natural beauty and stewards of the environment. "Tending a garden can become an attitude toward life. In a world that is increasingly dominated by technology and consumption, gardening puts us in a direct relationship with the reality of how life is generated and sustained and how fragile and fleeting it can be.
"Now, more than ever, we need to remind ourselves that first and foremost, we are creatures of the Earth," says Stuart-Smith.
Mark and Ben Cullen are expert gardeners and contributors for the Star. Follow Mark on Twitter: @MarkCullen4


side-curtain-airbags | Safety Research & Strategies, Inc.
REHOBOTH, MA – As Enterprise Rent-A-Car and General Motors scramble to correct the false advertising that claimed former fleet vehicles being sold used were equipped with "standard" side curtain airbags, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has agreed to correct the information on its consumer website.
Over a three-year period, GM had offered fleet buyers as a cost savings the option of deleting the standard side airbags in 2006-2008 Chevrolet Impalas and MY 2008-2009 Chevrolet Cobalt and Buick LaCrosse models. Last month, investigations by SRS and the Kansas City Star revealed that the troubled automaker and Enterprise, its biggest fleet customer and the nation's largest used car seller, were re-selling these altered fleet vehicles – mostly the Impalas – to retail consumers and advertised them as having the important safety feature.


The co-operative movement's ideology and approach to collaboration using digital technologies makes for a fertile ground for Linked Data standards.
What part does data play in the collaborative economy? Jen is heading to London to take part in panels discussing topics such as this, at the UK's first conference focused on platform co-operatives and the collaborative economy.


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Fresnillo soars despite profit drop on Silverstream revaluation
Cecilia Jamasmie | July 31, 2018 | 5:38 am Precious Metals Europe Latin America Gold Silver
Total silver production guidance was decreased to range of 64.5m to 67.5m ounces from 67m to 70m ounces previously, driven mainly by issues associated with less availability of process water at San Julián (pictured). (Image courtesy of Fresnillo.)
Shares in Mexico-focused precious metals miner Fresnillo (LON:FRES) shoot up almost 5% in afternoon trading in London after it announced a 12% increase in revenue to $1.12 billion in the first half of the year.
The miner, which is the world's largest primary silver producer and Mexico's second largest gold company, also raised its interim dividend by 0.9% to 10.7 cents a share.
Net profit, however, fell 25% due to the impact of a negative revaluation of its Silverstream contract, foreign-exchange headwinds and lower silver prices, it said.
Silverstream valuation had an adverse effect on profit before income tax, which came down 16.6% to $323 million.
Fresnillo booked a $21.8 million valuation loss related to its Silverstream indicator, which monitors total production levels at all of its mines and contributions from advanced development projects. This followed a decision to increase its reference discount rate to be in line with the London Interbank Offered Rate, or Libor.
The miner booked an $11.8 million foreign-exchange loss due to the marginal devaluation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar. This compares to a $3.8 million foreign-exchange gain in the first half of 2017.
Fresnillo lowered its silver production guidance to between 65.5 million ounces and 67.5 million ounces, down from the 67 million to 70 million ounces it had expected before posting second-quarter results last week. It said the downward revision was driven mainly by issues associated with less availability of process water at San Julián.
The company, which floated in London in 2008, is 75% owned by Mexican billionaire Alberto Bailleres. The company's flagship mine is Saucito, the world's largest silver operation.
Shares in Fresnillo were still trading higher (4.68% to1,043.5p in London by 3:21 p.m. local time.
Alrosa recovers large diamond from Verkhne-Munskoye deposit
The stone weighs 63.15 carats and it is transparent with a yellow hue.


text:
Q: Como agendar uma tarefa recorrente no linux? Que comando posso usar para agendar uma tarefa recorrente no linux? Gostaria também de enviar o retorno do comando por email automaticamente. Qual é a ferramenta mais adequada?

A: Use o cron para o agendamento. É a ferramenta padrão.
Redirecione o output com um pipe (|) para o comando mail para enviar o output por email.
Exemplo de entrada em /etc/crontab:
00 09-18 * * * /home/exemplo/bin/check-db-status | mail -s "db status" sa@example.com

Vai rodar de uma em uma hora de 9 às 18, mandando o output para sa@example.com.

A: Para agendar uma tarefa no Linux, você deve utilizar o CRON. O cron pode ser interpretado como um serviço do Linux que é carregado durante o processo de boot do sistema. Trata-se de uma ferramenta que permite programar a execução de comandos e processos de maneira repetitiva ou apenas uma única vez.
Para executar as tarefas, o cron usa uma espécie de tabela conhecida como crontab. O arquivo crontab geralmente fica localizado no diretório /etc, mas também pode estar em um diretório que cria um crontab para cada usuário do sistema (geralmente em /var/spool/cron/), tudo depende da distribuição linux.
Mão na massa
O primeiro passo é abrir o crontab. Para isso, você pode usar editores de textos como vi, emacs ou nano (eu prefiro o pico, mas verifique a sua distribuição). Também é possível digitar o comando crontab -e para editar o arquivo exclusivo de seu usuário.
O crontab tem o seguinte formato:
[minutos] [horas] [dias do mês] [mês] [dias da semana] [usuário] [comando]
O preenchimento de cada campo é feito da seguinte maneira:

*

*Minutos: informe números de 0 a 59;

*Horas: informe números de 0 a 23;

*Dias do mês: informe números de 0 a 31;

*Mês: informe números de 1 a 12;

*Dias da semana: informe números de 0 a 7;

*Usuário: é o usuário que vai executar o comando (não é necessário especificá-lo se o arquivo do próprio usuário for usado);

*Comando: a tarefa que deve ser executada.
Obs.:
 - Você pode informar * (asterisco) para especificar uma execução constante. Por exemplo, se o campo dias do mês conter *, o comando relacionado será executado todos os dias;
 - Você também pode informar intervalos no preenchimento, separando os números de início e fim através de - (hífen). Por exemplo, se no campo horas for informando 2-5, o comando relacionado será executado às 2, 3, 4 e 5 horas. E se o comando tiver que ser executado às 2 horas, entre 15 e 18 horas e às 22 horas? Basta informar 2,15-18,22. Nestes casos, você separa os parâmetros por vírgula.

Por exemplo:
#tarefa infowester
30 0,21-23 3,14 \* \* echo "Não entre em pânico" > /home/alecrim/infowester.txt

Neste exemplo, a frase "Não entre em pânico" é inserida no arquivo infowester.txt, dentro do diretório /home/alecrim/, aos 30 minutos das 21, 22, 23 e 0 horas, nos dias 3 e 14, em todos os meses e em todos os dias da semana. Repare na linha "#tarefa infowester". Trata-se de um comentário. Digite # e tudo o que for digitado na linha não será considerado pelo cron. É um recurso útil para inserir descrições quando se tem várias tarefas a serem executadas.
Comandos do crontab
crontab -e: conforme já informado, serve para editar o arquivo atual do crontab e criar um, caso não exista;
crontab -l: este comando mostra o conteúdo atual do crontab;
crontab -r: remove o arquivo atual do crontab.

Fonte: Infowester (http://www.infowester.com/linuxcron.php)
OUTRA SOLUÇÃO
Talvez uma forma mais fácil que você também utilizar o arquivo init.d. Este arquivo é encontrado na maioria massante das Distribuições Linux, no caminho /etc/init.d, onde todos os comando encontrados nesse arquivo são executados toda vez que você inicializa o sistema. Para utilizar essa função, basta abrir esse arquivo com um editor de texto e colocar os comandos desejado.
ATENÇÃO: Todos os comandos só são executados apenas na inicialização do sistema.

A: Existe uma ferramenta para linux chamada crontab. Ela é nativa. Para você editar o arquivo basta dar o comando crontab -e.
O crontab tem o seguinte formato:
[minutos] [horas] [dias do mês] [mês] [dias da semana] [usuário] [comando]
O preenchimento de cada campo é feito da seguinte maneira:

*

*Minutos: informe números de 0 a 59;

*Horas: informe números de 0 a 23;

*Dias do mês: informe números de 0 a 31;

*Mês: informe números de 1 a 12;

*Dias da semana: informe números de 0 a 7;

*Usuário: é o usuário que vai executar o comando (não é necessário especificá-lo se o arquivo do próprio usuário for usado);

*Comando: a tarefa que deve ser executada.

*

*crontab -e: serve para editar o arquivo atual do crontab e criar um, caso não exista;

*crontab -l: mostra o conteúdo atual do crontab;

*crontab -r: remove o arquivo atual do crontab.

Para enviar email, basta você utilizar este comando
59 */6 * * * script.sh | mail -s "Subject of Mail" someother@address.com

Você pode ler mais sobre nesse link.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron

A: Lembrando que quando você utiliza o crontab -e não precisa colocar usuário na execução da atividade. Com o crontab -e já é nativo executar pelo root. Já no /etc/crontab é preciso pôr o usuário.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Journey around beautiful Jefferson City, finding all the best landmarks and hidden gems.
The capital of Missouri could very well be America's most beautiful small town. On this fun-filled Jefferson City scavenger hunt, we make a loop around town in search of storied buildings, epic sculptures and local culture.
Which 18th century celebrities hang out at the Missouri State Capitol? Do any ghosts lurk around the Missouri State Penitentiary? Find out on this scavenger hunt of Jefferson City!
See all the best sights and hidden gems in Jefferson City. Perfect for locals or visitors.
On our #1 app-lead outdoor scavenger hunt, you'll explore Jefferson City like never before. Walk from landmark to landmark to discover art, culture and history. Search plaques, statues and art to solve riddles that can only be found on location. If you can't find the answer we'll guide you to the next location.
Work with your team to answer trivia questions and complete photo challenges. Earn extra points for each hidden treasure you find and photo your team takes. Can your team beat the Jefferson City high score?
Start your Jefferson City walking tour and adventure 365 days a year, 7am to 10pm. No reservations or tour guides required.
Your ticket will unlock hidden gems in Jefferson City or any one of our 350+ locations worldwide.
• Standard Scavenger Hunts: Any day is a good day to explore like never before. Try our classic scavenger hunt and take the best tour of Jefferson City.
• Jefferson City Birthday Scavenger Hunts: Gamify your big day with an activity makes the birthday person the center of attention. Perfect for kids and adults alike.
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Love a little competition? On your photo scavenger hunt, each player on your team will receive interactive challenges. You'll work together to solve riddles, answer trivia and complete photo challenges for a chance to top the Jefferson City leaderboard—and compete for ultimate bragging rights!


text:
Houston City Council Members Discuss the Betterment of Houston at WHA Forum
On July 22, 2021, the West Houston Association (WHA) brought together Houston City Council members Amy Peck, Tiffany Thomas, Greg Travis, Edward Pollard, David Robinson, and Sallie Alcorn, for an in-person forum about issues facing the greater West Houston region. The council members engaged in a moderated discussion about the budget, crime, and the livable places initiative led by Marlene Gafrick, Vice-Chair of WHA's Board of Directors. The panel provided an opportunity for council members to come together and have an open, honest conversation about the challenges that West Houston is facing and how we can come together to achieve our shared vision of a region where everyone has the opportunity for great experiences to live, work, and play.
The conversation started off with each council member mentioning their top three issues and a repeated concern was infrastructure. Council Member Thomas said, "Under deferred maintenance, we have inherited a 75-million-dollar investment on public works facilities and now we are in a place where we get to innovate what we do with it." Innovation and privatization provide potential opportunities to address budget management. Council Member Pollard said, "we need to understand that there are multiple ways the city can be creative to find money" and we need to look at this "in a holistic standpoint."
Houston is the only major city in Texas that does not charge a separate fee for garbage collection. The current solution is to start charging fees so that the City will have more funds to pay for waste collection and disposal. However, an alternative way, may be to consider privatization if it can be done at a lower cost. "We need to look into the privatization of solid waste," said Council Member Robinson as he told the audience about his discussions with private sector companies who said they can do it cheaper that what it costs the city.
Crime has been on the rise in Houston, and the discussion at the event focused on bail reform regarding this issue. Council Member Travis, who had recently hosted a town hall on crime in District G, addressed the concept that "bad people need to be put in prisons and good people released." Bail reform was brought up by Council Member Alcorn, saying "there are hundreds of thousands of cases backlogged for a myriad of reasons. We've got Covid-19, courthouses down, and Hurricane Harvey; the number of cases being tried decreased so nobody was going to court and everybody's out." Council Member Pollard agreed stating that "we have to nip it in the bud and it starts with the judges."
When concluding about crime reform, Council Member Thomas said, "we need to stop looking at this issue and politicizing it. We are talking about people who are terrified to leave their homes." That there need to be actions, accountability, and personal responsibility for the judges and better control over bail reform.
The main issue discussed about the Livable Places Initiative in the Planning Department was conservation districts. This will lead to adopted regulations covering massing; lot size and width; lot depth; front, side, and rear setbacks; height; and architectural styles. Council Members Robinson and Travis discussed that the Livable Places Initiative will bring about a drastic change to Houston— not necessarily for the better. With Council Member Robinson saying, "the problem with this initiative is that it looks too much like zoning… Houston is not a city that needs widespread land use controls or zoning." Council Member Travis followed up by commenting that "we should not be trying to impose a one size fits all for Houston." Houston is a diverse region and the implementation of the Livable Places Initiative may cause restriction rather than flourishment.
Overall, the panelists were optimistic about Houston's future, recognizing that it will take them working together to bring continuous improvement to the region. Most of the council members stayed after the panel to talk with members and guests.
Thanks to Jada Oriahi, Emory University student, for her work on this summary.
President's Desk: August 2021
ICYMI: Revisions and Additions to the Agreement for Underground Electric Service


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The Surroundings
Castle Info
THE CURRENT STRUCTURE
The current structure of the Rocca di Pierle
In this section we will deal with showing how the Rocca di Pierle is structured. To do this we will use three-dimensional images processed with computer graphics that will allow us to better understand how the fortress is made.
In Pierle, in addition to the fortifications, there is also a 7-level keep and a watchtower among the most high of the whole area. But let's go in order: the following figure allows us to better understand how the cone is made.
The Rocca di Pierle is delimited by a wall which encloses an area of about 3500 square meters and extends linearly for 300 meters. A small inhabited village surrounds the fortress. The enclosure is on average raised by 8 meters, compared to the underlying level of the village.
Inside, the ground level is raised by an average of 5 meters from the one below. The wall has a rounded quadrancular shape that follows that of the rock on which it rests. Four defensive turrets are placed on the sides of the enclosure in the north-east, north-west, south-east and south-west direction.
The turret on the north-west side it had the task of defending the main entrance door of the tower, while the other three dominated the road that surrounded the fortress.
Inside the enclosure is the male. It is displaced to the north with respect to the center of the walls and divides the area into two courtyards which are indicated by size. The Large courtyard faces south and gives access to three of the defensive turrets. the small courtyard faces north, is more sheltered and has the north-west turret in the center.
The Male with its imposing size stands out from the complex and constitutes its most interesting point. It has a rectangular base of 33 and 13 meters with two appendages of 7 meters in the north and west direction, all for a total area of 500 square meters. The keep has a height of 28 meters and was formerly divided into 7 levels, clearly identifiable by the remains of the vaults and by the position of the windows. In ancient times it had two high towers that stood out up to a height of 50 meters. The only one left standing is the north one which, with a height of 42 meters from the ground, testifies to the exceptional work of the builders who built it in 1371
The main entrance to the fortress is located under the North-West turret. This entrance gave access to a stone ramp that allowed to recover the difference in height that exists with the plan of the fortress. After about 40 meters traveled close to the walls and therefore subjected to the target of the soldiers of the tower, one arrived at the drawbridge which, protected by a 4 meter deep moat, gave access to a further door.
This last one was doubly defended. It had a bayonet grate and a further door hinged on the surrounding wall. The locking compartments of this last obstacle are still clearly visible on the walls. This access once closed therefore had 3 defenses, the drawbridge, the grate and the door. from the walkway above the soldiers acted on the mechanisms that operated the opening. After this entrance, one entered the small courtyard and from there to the keep.
Currently the tower has two other entrances.
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Home > News > Korea > U.S. envoy on N. Korea to travel to Moscow: State Department
U.S. envoy on N. Korea to travel to Moscow: State Department
WASHINGTON, April 3 (Yonhap) — The U.S. special envoy on North Korea issues will visit Moscow later this week for talks with his Russian counterpart, the State Department announced Monday.
Amb. Joseph Yun, special representative for North Korea policy, will be traveling to Moscow on Tuesday to Thursday for talks with Russian Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs Igor Morgulov, the department said in a statement.
Yun will also hold meetings with Russian scholars and experts, it said.
The trip comes right before U.S. President Donald Trump holds his first talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping at his Mar-a-Lago resort in Florida on Thursday and Friday, where North Korea is expected to be one of the key topics of discussions.
Amb. Joseph Yun, U.S. special representative for North Korea policy Amb. Joseph Yun, U.S. special representative for North Korea policy
Why doesn't South Korea send world leaders a notice of its prerogative in North Korean affairs? This 'getting left at the kids table' can only be counter-productive.
tanki online
hanks for sharing your info.


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Happy Birthday, Garry Tallent
Posted on October 27, 2009 by Mitch Berg
When you play bass, you're rarely the focus of attention. The guitar is usually front and center; the drummer gets to smash things, at least by appearances. Not a lot of bass players get much attention, and when they do it's usually because they sing lead (Rush's Geddy Lee, the Grass Roots' Rob Grill, Chicago's Peter Cetera), or they're comically inept (Sid Vicious), or they are standout musicians in bands that rely on the bass to hold the whole mess together (The Who's late John Entwistle, the Clash's Paul Simonon).
And the bigger the band, the farther in the background they get pushed – because the bass player's job, along with the drummer, is to be the bedrock on which the rest of the band's sound is built, and with big bands there's a lot riding on that bedrock. Who was the most unprepossessing member of the Rolling Stones? Bill Wyman, of course – to the point that many people don't know he's gone. Duff McKagan was the beating heart behind Guns 'n Roses' Appetite for Destruction; Leon Wilkerson held Lynyrd Skynyrd together; who knew?
And the most in-the-background bassist from the biggest band of all?
It's Garry Tallent's sixtieth birthday today.
And the more you listen for Tallent, the more of him there is to hear. Tallent, for a bit player in a big, big band, is an extraordinarily fluid, mobile bassist. In fact, it's easy to miss how much of the band's motion he provides.
Think about it. Max Weinberg, the band's drummer, is a Charlie Watts-style human metronome; he has to be, to keep the whole nine-piece melange in time. You can count the times he's gotten to cut loose in the past 35 years – "Born In The USA", "Roulette", "Candy's Room", "Jackson Cage" – on a hand, with a finger or so in change. The other key elements – Roy Bittan, the late Danny Federici (and his replacement, Charles Giordano), and the band's guitar line, whether the classic Springsteen/Van Zandt pairing or today's Bruce/Steve/Nils/Patti onslaught – and of course Clarence Clemons and Soozie Tyrell, are all layers piling on top of the whole mass of sound. Weinberg may as well be playing drums in a symphony orchestra, for the all the room he has to stretch out, beyond the occasional accent here and there.
But Tallent is a sly one, if you pay attention.
"Fire"? Well, that's a no-brainer. The verses are pretty much bass solos.
Much more interesting, though, is last series of choruses in "Incident on 57th Street"; as the band builds momentum after the final verse, Tallent starts an increasingly aggressive bass line that sneaks up on you behind the wash of keyboards and backup vocals, until you realize that Tallent's solo is driving the whole thing.
"Trapped" is even more clever, in its own way. One of Springsteen's very few recorded cover songs (until the Seeger sessions, anyway), it's an almost unrecognizably rock-y remake of a Jimmy Cliff reggae classic. The rest of the band bashes into it like it's a Who cover – not that there's anything wrong with that, per se. But it's in Tallent's bass line that you can hear a faint echo of the song's roots, just a little zing of caribbean syncopation to counterpoint the rest of the version's Jersey Shore rock'nroll brawn.
I've written about "Backstreets", of course, over and over again; it's the best breakup song ever written, it's one of Danny Federici and Roy Bittan's best moments together. But throughout, especially in the song's choruses, Tallent's bass line takes what could easily have been a pretty blah mid-tempo ballad, a John Cafferty wham-bam one-to-minor-six etude, and adds an agitated pulse in the middle; it's disquieting, and carries on the agitated theme that Bittan and Federici set up in the song's intro.
Could I go on, sure.
But it'd be much better to go turn your internal equalizer way, way down and listen for yourself.
Anyway – happy birthday, Garry Tallent!
UPDATE: Wow – this is cool! Welcome, Backstreets readers! I remember when I was a kid, thinking "how cool would it be to get an article in Backstreets"? This is just about as fun! Thanks, all!
And if you like this, I'll direct you to my tribute to Darkness on the Edge of Town, and my memorial to Danny.
And my thirtieth anniversary of The River? Oh, yeah. Wrote it six months ago!
This entry was posted in Music and tagged Springsteen by Mitch Berg. Bookmark the permalink.
27 thoughts on "Happy Birthday, Garry Tallent"
justplainangry on October 27, 2009 at 1:24 pm said:
No Tony Levin and Chris Squire in your list of luminary bass players? I know you can't name them all, but these two deserve an honorable mention.
Chuck on October 27, 2009 at 1:36 pm said:
I now have Sirius radio. The all Bruce channel is pretty good. I'm only a moderate fan of the guy, but like his type of music. The live shows are pretty good. The other night, they played a radio performance from 1973.
Mr. D on October 27, 2009 at 1:42 pm said:
Tallent is a great bassist — I'd add his work on the early Springsteen track "Kitty's Back" and one of his superior performances. He keeps that very complicated number moving and gives Bruce and David Sancious room to operate.
I'd also like to suggest that any list of great bassists needs to include Larry Graham, Bootsy Collins and the late great Bernard Edwards.
Kermit on October 27, 2009 at 2:31 pm said:
The "biggest band of all"? Seriously? By what measure?
juanito on October 27, 2009 at 3:24 pm said:
Love the bass work at the emotional conclusion and the outro of Backstreets.
Bass players get little to no respect, and that starts with Danny Partridge, and ends with Sid Viscous. Back in the 80s Jack Blades (all five foot of him) was a dynamo frontman and whirling dervish. How he kept his parts so tight while spinning all over a stage, I'll never know.
Comment caught in moderation for 2 hours now. To summarize:
Tallent: great
Additional great Tallent performance: Kitty's Back
Other great bassists worth noting: L. Graham, B. Collins, B. Edwards
Betting that B. Collins's name is what has things stuck in moderation.
2 comments in moderation now!
Mitch Berg on October 27, 2009 at 3:42 pm said:
"biggest band of all"? Seriously? By what measure?
It's a ten piece band! Drums and bass under four guitars, two keyboards, sax and violin!
That is BIG!
Right on October 27, 2009 at 3:53 pm said:
Clarence could also play a mean tamborine.
It's became an eleven piece band once Patti joined and started playing the skin flute
Mr. Mitch, what set off the filter there, "tamborine"?
Don't know. Can't say I worry much about it. After the 120,000 spam I got (literally) between 2004 and 2006, I don't mind a little filtering.
Er, Patti would be one of the guitar players.
Which character in the Sopranos was she?
JamesPh on October 27, 2009 at 5:32 pm said:
Q. What do you call a bass player on the front porch?
A. The pizza delivery guy
Q. How do you get a bass player to turn down?
A. Put some sheet music in front of him.
Q. What do you call a bass player without a girlfriend?
A. Homeless.
Q. What's the difference between a bass player and a pizza?
A. A pizza can feed a family of four.
Q: What is the definition of "irrational optimism?"
A: A trombone player with a pager.
pjo on October 28, 2009 at 7:04 am said:
Interesting article, good points. But I *think* you are referring to "Tallent" as "Bittan" in several places….
NLung on October 28, 2009 at 7:08 am said:
By my count, you refer to Gary Tallent as "Bittan" 3 times in this blog entry.
1.) "But Bittan is a sly one if you pay attention"
2.)"But it's in Bittan's bass line that you can hear a faint echo of the song's roots"
3.)"But throughout, especially in the song's choruses, Bittan's bass line takes what could easily have been a pretty blah mid-tempo ballad…"
I don't think you were refering to Roy Bittan in these sentences.
Eddie111 on October 28, 2009 at 7:52 am said:
Mitch, I don't see this pointed out in any of these comments, but you refer to Garry Tallent numerous times in your article as Bittan. You might want to edit. Best, Ed
Mitch Berg on October 28, 2009 at 8:46 am said:
Like I said, bass players get no respect.
Blah.
Fixed 'em. Thanx.
stephan on October 28, 2009 at 1:05 pm said:
One of Springsteen's very few recorded cover songs (until the Woodie Guthrie sessions, anyway
I am going to guess you are referring to the Seeger Sessions. Guthrie had nothing to do with it. Unless you are speaking about This land is your land, covered by Springsteen in concert in the '80's but not recorded on any studio album.
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All copy-editors:
Thanks for stopping by! Have I mentioned I wrote this piece in about twenty minutes, about half an hour before I got my first cup of coffee of the morning? 🙂
I've fixed the various flubs you noted, at any rate. Thanks!
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MikeN on October 29, 2009 at 6:36 am said:
Mitch, nice article. Many many hard core fans of Bruce have had a chance to read your work, myself included. Be easy on the "copy-editors": for a hastily written article, grammatical errors would have been much more easily forgiven. We are interested in seeing as many people as possible read this article and we want everything about it to be accurate. Again, nice article!
Thanks – and I understand. Bear in mind, I used to work in newspapers, so "copy editor" is a vocational description, not an insult.
And thank you for stopping by! I've updated (or, heh, corrected) things as they came to my attention…
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The locations with highest annual solar irradiance lie in the arid tropics and subtropics. Deserts lying in low latitudes usually have few clouds, and can receive sunshine for more than ten hours a day.[86][87] These hot deserts form the Global Sun Belt circling the world. This belt consists of extensive swathes of land in Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Southwest Asia, Middle East, and Australia, as well as the much smaller deserts of North and South America.[88] Africa's eastern Sahara Desert, also known as the Libyan Desert, has been observed to be the sunniest place on Earth according to NASA.[89][90]
Other cities won't have it so easy. Take Atlanta. Residents buy energy from Georgia Power, which is owned by investors. As things stand, Atlantans have no control over how their power is generated, though that may change. In 2019, Georgia Power, by state law, has to update its energy plan. Ted Terry, director of the Georgia chapter of the Sierra Club, says the nonprofit is working with Atlanta officials to incorporate renewables, primarily solar, into the state's plan. Developing such energy sources on a scale that can power a metro area with 5.8 million people, as in Atlanta, or 7.68 million in the San Francisco Bay Area, or 3.3 million in San Diego, will prove challenging. But it doesn't seem impossible. In 2015, California set a goal of deriving 50 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. Its three investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric—are poised to achieve that goal just two years from now, or ten years early.
Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugar cane, and ethanol now provides 18 percent of the country's automotive fuel. As a result of this, together with the exploitation of domestic deep water oil sources, Brazil, which years ago had to import a large share of the petroleum needed for domestic consumption, recently reached complete self-sufficiency in oil.[36][37][38]
Wind is a form of solar energy and is a result of the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and the rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns and speeds vary greatly across the United States and are modified by bodies of water, vegetation, and differences in terrain. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity.
Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn, sugarcane, or sweet sorghum. Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources such as trees and grasses is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production. Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions. Bioethanol is widely used in the USA and in Brazil. Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a diesel additive to reduce levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons from diesel-powered vehicles. Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using transesterification and is the most common biofuel in Europe.
The theory of peak oil was published in 1956.[39] In the 1970s environmentalists promoted the development of renewable energy both as a replacement for the eventual depletion of oil, as well as for an escape from dependence on oil, and the first electricity generating wind turbines appeared. Solar had long been used for heating and cooling, but solar panels were too costly to build solar farms until 1980.[40]
A Darrieus type vertical axis wind turbine (the egg-beater type) can in theory work almost as good as a horizontal axis turbine. Actual measurement of one of the better designs out there, the UGE VisionAir5, does not bear that out though: It measures in at a pitiful 11% efficiency at 11 m/s wind speed, while a Bergey Excel-6 HAWT clocks in at 22% efficiency for that same wind speed, twice as much. You can read about it in Paul Gipe's article. Besides efficiency issues, a Darrieus VAWT unfortunately has a number of inherent issues that put them at a disadvantage: Since they are usually tall and relatively narrow structures the bending forces on their main bearing (at the bottom) are very large. There are similar issues with the forces on the blades. This means that to make a reliable vertical axis turbine takes more material, and more expensive materials, in comparison to a horizontal type turbine. For comparison, that same UGE VisionAir5 weighs 756 kg vs. the Bergey Excel-6 at 350 kg. Keep in mind that the UGE turbine only sweeps about half the area of the Bergey, the latter is a much larger turbine! This makes VAWTs inherently more expensive, or less reliable, or both.
In cases of self consumption of the solar energy, the payback time is calculated based on how much electricity is not purchased from the grid. For example, in Germany, with electricity prices of 0.25 €/kWh and insolation of 900 kWh/kW, one kWp will save €225 per year, and with an installation cost of 1700 €/KWp the system cost will be returned in less than seven years.[91] However, in many cases, the patterns of generation and consumption do not coincide, and some or all of the energy is fed back into the grid. The electricity is sold, and at other times when energy is taken from the grid, electricity is bought. The relative costs and prices obtained affect the economics. In many markets, the price paid for sold PV electricity is significantly lower than the price of bought electricity, which incentivizes self consumption.[92] Moreover, separate self consumption incentives have been used in e.g. Germany and Italy.[92] Grid interaction regulation has also included limitations of grid feed-in in some regions in Germany with high amounts of installed PV capacity.[92][93] By increasing self consumption, the grid feed-in can be limited without curtailment, which wastes electricity.[94]
Photovoltaics were initially solely used as a source of electricity for small and medium-sized applications, from the calculator powered by a single solar cell to remote homes powered by an off-grid rooftop PV system. Commercial concentrated solar power plants were first developed in the 1980s. The 392 MW Ivanpah installation is the largest concentrating solar power plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert of California.


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