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text:
\section{introduction}
Optical tweezers~\cite{Ashkin1970,Ashkin1986}
that pick up and move microscopic objects using a highly focused laser
are an indispensable technology that support modern science and engineering
such as the optical trap of atoms~\cite{Chu1986},
manipulation of atoms in an optical lattice~\cite{Browaeys2020},
and biological science applications~\cite{Ashkin1987}.
Similar to the optical tweezers for spatially deployed objects,
to manipulate photonic lattices in frequency synthetic dimension~\cite{Hu2020,Buddhiraju2021},
there is an increasing demand for tweezing light
in the optical frequency domain with a high resolution
that precisely picks up only light in a target frequency mode
from broadened or densely frequency multiplexed light
and converts it to any frequency mode.
In addition, it is also required in the field of quantum information processing
for realizing photonic quantum computation
based on quantum frequency combs~\cite{Kues2017,Lukens2017,Niu2018,Kues2019,Reimer2019},
and quantum internet~\cite{Kimble2008} to interconnect various quantum systems
including frequency/wavelength-division multiplexing technologies~\cite{Sinclair2014,Wengerowsky2018,Lingaraju2021}.
However, such {\it optical frequency tweezers} have never been realized.

In this study,
we propose an optical system for the optical frequency tweezers,
as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(a),
and perform its proof-of-principle demonstration.
To this end,
we adopt a frequency conversion based on a nonlinear optical interaction
inside a cavity that only confines light to be generated by the conversion process.
Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(b) presents the system design
based on a second-order nonlinearity~($\chi^{(2)}$).
The input signal interacts with the cavity mode via the frequency conversion
with a strong pump light,
and then the converted light is extracted because of the cavity decay.
The system is considered as an all optical implementation of
a multiplexed $\Lambda$-type three-level system,
as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(c).
The cavity resonant frequency modes adopted as the discretized excited levels
modulate the bandwidth of the nonlinear optical interaction
while possessing broadband bandwidths for the signal and pump modes.
Therefore, it is feasible for the pump light to select a target frequency mode
to be converted from a frequency-multiplexed input signal.
It represents the minimum of required properties for the optical frequency tweezers.
In addition,
the tweezers should precisely pick up the target without shaking
and should not disturb the unconverted signals around the target.
The unconventional cavity configuration addresses these requirements
for the tweezers, which have never been reported
with the use of multiply resonant cavities such as microresonator systems.
There is no thermal fluctuation owing to no confinement of the pump light,
and there is no disturbance and cavity loss of the unconverted light
due to no confinement of the input signals.

\section{basic concept}
\begin{figure*}
 \begin{center}
         \scalebox{1}{\includegraphics{./Figure1.eps}}
    \caption{
      (a)
      Concept of optical frequency tweezers.
      The tweezers pick up only light at the target frequency
      and deploy it to the desired frequency mode.
      (b)
      Implementation of the optical frequency tweezers
      based on $\chi^{(2)}$-based frequency conversion
      inside a cavity only for the converted light.
      The mode coupling relationship is also illustrated.
      $a_s$, $a_r$, and $a_c$ correspond to the signal, converted and cavity modes.
      $\omega_p$ denotes the pump frequency.
      (c)
      Diagram of the frequency tweezing system
      when only one of the converted frequency of the input frequencies
      is resonant on the cavity.
      Only the middle of the input signal can be converted.
    }
 \label{fig:concept}
 \end{center}
\end{figure*}
The optical frequency tweezers introduced in this study
are realized by the photonic $\Lambda$-type three-level system
based on the $\chi^{(2)}$ nonlinearity
inside a single-sided cavity around the converted frequencies~(Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(b)).
We focus on the frequency conversion process around the resonant frequency
of the cavity described by the single mode $a_c$.
The cavity mode is coupled to two modes outside the cavity, namely $a_r$ and $a_s$,
of which the former corresponds to the cavity decay through its single side
and the latter corresponds to the input signal field obtained via the $\chi^{(2)}$-based frequency conversion.
The interaction Hamiltonians of these coupling systems are described by
$H_C=i\sqrt{\gamma_r} a_ca_r^\dagger + H.c.$ and $H_{NL}=i\xi a_ca_s^\dagger + H.c.$,
where $H.c.$ denotes the Hermitian conjugate,
$\sqrt{\gamma_r}$ is a coupling constant between the internal and external modes of the cavity,
and $\xi=|\xi|e^{i\phi}$ represents an effective coupling constant of the frequency conversion
that is proportional to the complex amplitude of the sufficiently strong pump light
with its phase $\phi$.
From the system Hamiltonian $H_C+H_{NL}$,
the time evolution of the cavity mode $a_c = a_c(t)$
in a frame rotating at the resonant frequency $\omega_c$ is described by~\cite{Collett1984}
\begin{eqnarray}
    \od{a_c}{t} = i\Delta_ca_c -\frac{\gamma\u{all}+|\xi|^2}{2}a_{c}
  + \sqrt{\gamma_r} a_{r, IN} + \xi^* a_{s,IN},
  \label{eq:ac}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\gamma\u{all} := \gamma_r + \gamma\u{int}$ is the total loss of the cavity
including the internal loss $\gamma\u{int}$.
$\Delta_c := \omega - \omega_c$ denotes the detuning of the light in the cavity,
where $\omega$ represents the frequency of mode $a_c$,
and is determined by the frequencies $\omega_s$ and $\omega_p(=\omega_s-\omega)$
of mode $a_s$ and the pump light.
$a_{s,IN}$ is the input signal field to be converted.
$a_{r,IN}$ is the external drive field,
and is assumed to be the vacuum for the standard usage of this device,
which we will describe in the next paragraph.
This drive field can be used to control the frequency conversion process
of $a_{s,IN}$, which will be explained in detail based on Eq.~(\ref{eq:eit}).
The system described by Eq.~(\ref{eq:ac})
can be regarded as the $\Lambda$-type three-level quantum system,
which comprises the excited level $a_c$ and two ground levels, $a_s$ and $a_r$,
as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(c).
We note that this diagram does not present the energy relationship among the relevant modes
as conventional ones in $\Lambda$-type atomic systems.
The excited level $a_c$ in the diagram exhibits the energy lower than that of the ground level $a_s$,
while $a_s$ is excited to $a_c$ by the coupling based on the frequency conversion.
In addition, although $a_c$ and another ground level $a_r$ exhibit the same energy,
$a_c$ decays to $a_r$ due to the spatial coupling at the end mirror.

The frequency conversion from $a_s$ to $a_r$ is the case of $a_{r,IN}=0$.
From Eq.~(\ref{eq:ac}) and the input-output relationships~\cite{Walls2007}
$a_{s,IN} - a_{s,OUT} = \xi a_c$ and
$a_{r,IN} + a_{r,OUT} = \sqrt{\gamma_r} a_c $,
we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
  t_{ss} := \frac{a_{s,OUT}}{a_{s,IN}}
            &=& \frac{\frac{1}{2}(1-\widetilde{C})-i\widetilde{\Delta}_c}
                {\frac{1}{2}(1 + \widetilde{C})-i\widetilde{\Delta}_c},
                \label{eq:t}\\
  r_{rs} := \frac{a_{r,OUT}}{a_{s,IN}} &=& \sqrt{\widetilde{\gamma}_r}
                \frac{e^{-i\phi}\sqrt{\widetilde{C}}}
                {\frac{1}{2}(1 + \widetilde{C})-i\widetilde{\Delta}_c},
  \label{eq:r}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\widetilde{\gamma}_r:=\gamma_r/\gamma\u{all}$
and $\widetilde{\Delta}_c:=\Delta_c/\gamma\u{all}$.
$\widetilde{C}:=|\xi|^2/\gamma\u{all}$ corresponds to the cooperativity parameter.
$t_{ss}$ and $r_{rs}$ are complex amplitudes
for the staying probability $T(=|t_{ss}|^2)$ at mode $a_s$
and the transition probability $R(=|r_{rs}|^2)$ to mode $a_r$.
These equations hold at each frequency interval
corresponding to the free spectral range~(FSR) of the cavity
with the same level of the nonlinearity strength,
regardless of the dispersion of the medium.
This is because the singly resonant cavity structure eliminates
the restriction in conventional doubly or triply resonant cavities,
such that the relevant three frequencies satisfying the energy conservation
must be simultaneously resonant on the cavities~\cite{Ikuta2019}.

From the analysis,
we can observe remarkable properties in the frequency conversion
based on the $\Lambda$-type structure as follows:
(i)
The device can pick up any single frequency mode
from multiplexed input frequency modes,
and then convert to any frequency mode by designing the FSR and pump frequency,
such that only the
converted frequency corresponding to the target frequency to be chosen for conversion
is resonant, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(c).
(ii)
The remaining signal light which is far from the cavity resonances
passes through the device without any disturbance and loss,
which is observed from $T = 1$ for sufficiently large $\widetilde{\Delta}_c$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:t}).
(iii)
No frequency shake occurs during the pick up process.
This is due to the absence of the thermal heating effect
triggered by the pump light, which is not confined in the cavity,
as well as the stable operation without a severe frequency locking.
Properties (i) -- (iii) are exactly the requirements for the ``tweezers.''
Hence, we call the device optical frequency tweezers.

In addition to the aforementioned basic properties,
our device also has advantages as the cavity-based frequency converter as follows:
(iv)
It has no optical impedance matching problem for the input signal,
regardless of the cavity enhancement characterized by $\widetilde{C}$.
(v)
The spectral shape of the converted light is not split
or distorted, and obeys the Lorentzian,
which differs from the mode splitting phenomena
analogous to the Autler-Townes splitting that
appears in coupled resonator systems~\cite{Peng2014,Guo2016}.
(vi)
The maximum conversion efficiency $\widetilde{\gamma}_r$ would be higher
than that determined by the product of cavity losses for both signal and converted modes
in the frequency conversion based on multiply resonant cavities~\cite{Li2016,Guo2016}.
(vii)
All optical adjustments of $\widetilde{\Delta}_c$ are possible by the pump frequency tuning.

\begin{figure*}[t]
 \begin{center}
   \scalebox{1}{\includegraphics{./Figure2.eps}}
    \caption{
      (a)
      Setup for picking a frequency mode around $s_i$
      and deploying it to another mode around $r_i$ using a pump light at $\omega_{p,i}$.
      The $\chi^{(2)}$ medium for the frequency conversion is the PPLN/WG.
      (b)
      Cascade use of the above setup
      for any-to-any tweezing, as presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(a).
      (c)
      Experimental setup for the proof-of-principle experiment.
      The signal light A at \SI{780}{nm} is used to characterize
      the performance of the frequency conversion.
      The demonstration of the tweezing operation is performed
      by using both signal lights A and B
      with frequency detuning $\nu_s$.
      PD; photodetector,
      RFSA; radio frequency spectral analyzer,
      DSO; digital sampling oscilloscope,
      OSA; optical spectral analyzer.
    }
 \label{fig:setup}
 \end{center}
\end{figure*}
\section{experiments}
The experimental design for the optical frequency tweezers
is presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:setup}~(a).
The scenario considered here involves tweezing one tooth
from a frequency comb or quantum frequency comb~\cite{Kues2019}.
When all the frequency intervals and the cavity FSR
satisfy a relationship in which only
the converted frequency corresponding to the target tooth
is resonant on the cavity,
the tweezers can pick up and convert the frequency of the tooth
and leave the rest of the teeth on the unconverted modes without disturbance.
Consequently, the cascade use of the tweezers presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:setup}~(b)
can realize any-to-any tweezing operation, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:concept}~(a).

The experimental setup for the proof-of-principle demonstration
is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:setup}~(c).
The continuous wave signal light around \SI{780}{nm}~(corresponding to $\omega_s$) with $\sim$~\SI{1}{mW}
and the pump light for the tweezers at \SI{1540}{nm}~($\omega_p$)
are combined at a dichroic mirror~(DM).
Subsequently, they are focused on the
periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide resonator~(PPLN/WR),
which only confines the converted light around \SI{1581}{nm}~($\omega_r$).

PPLN/WR satisfies the type-0 quasi-phase-matching condition
for the vertically polarized light.
The length of the waveguide is \SI{20}{mm}.
The bandwidth of frequency conversion for the input light at \SI{780}{nm}
is over \SI{150}{GHz}~\cite{Ikuta2021}.
The FSR of the resonator is $\nu\u{FSR} = \SI{3.5}{GHz}$~\cite{Ikuta2018-2}.
In addition, the dielectric multilayers on the end faces of the waveguide
achieve high reflectance of $\sim$ \SI{94}{\%} for light around \SI{1581}{nm}.
We determined the full width at the half maximum~(FWHM) of the cavity
without the internal loss by the reflectance as $\gamma_0:=\SI{71}{MHz}$.
The reflectance for \SI{780}{nm} is a few percent and thus the anti-reflection coating is achieved.
The transmittance of \SI{780}{nm} light to the PPLN/WR is \SI{90}{\%}.
Although the reflectance for \SI{1540}{nm} is slightly larger at approximately \SI{30}{\%},
it forms a very lossy cavity.
Considering the fineness is smaller than $\pi$~\cite{Rogener1988,Stefszky2018},
there should not be any cavity enhancement effect for the frequency conversion.

After the PPLN/WR,
the signal light and converted light are extracted using another DM
and a volume Bragg grating~(VBG)
with its center wavelength and bandwidth of \SI{1581}{nm} and \SI{1}{nm}, respectively.
They are coupled to single mode fibers
followed by proper experimental apparatuses.

\begin{figure*}[t]
 \begin{center}
   \scalebox{1}{\includegraphics{./Figure3.eps}}
   \caption{
     (a)
     Observed four transmission spectra~(p1 -- p4)
     related to the longitudinal cavity modes separated by the FSR
     of the 1581-nm~(upper) and 780-nm light~(lower)
     for pump power \SI{25}{mW}, \SI{200}{mW}, and \SI{500}{mW} from the top.
     (b)
     Pump power dependency of
     observed bandwidths for 780-nm~(red) and 1581-nm light~(blue).
     (c)
     Pump power dependency of
     the transition probability $R(P)$~(blue) and staying probability $T(P)$~(red).
     (d)
     Observed spectra around \SI{1581}{nm} for
     $\nu_s = \SI{7.0}{GHz} = 2\,\nu\u{FSR}$~(light blue)
     and
     $\nu_s = \SI{9.1}{GHz} = 2.6\,\nu\u{FSR}$~(dark blue).
     (e)
     Same figure as Fig.~\ref{fig:result}~(d)
     with the linear scale for the vertical axis.
   }
 \label{fig:result}
 \end{center}
\end{figure*}
First, we characterize the performance of the frequency conversion
from \SI{780}{nm} to \SI{1581}{nm}.
We adopt the signal light emerging from light source~A.
By scanning the pump frequency in the range of approximately \SI{15}{GHz},
we observed
four peaks~(labelled p1 -- p4) in the transmission spectra
for \SI{780}{nm} and \SI{1581}{nm},
which is related to the longitudinal cavity modes separated by the FSR.
The spectra are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:result}~(a).
As an example, we focus on the rightmost peaks~(p4) of the figure.
The bandwidths of the frequency conversion around the peaks
are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:result}~(b).
As expected in Eqs.~(\ref{eq:t}) and (\ref{eq:r}),
the bandwidths obtained by the 780-nm and 1581-nm light
are almost the same and proportional to the pump power $P$ measured before the PPLN/WR.
The best fit to the data with a function $\alpha P + \gamma\u{all}^{\U{(ex)}}$
gives $\alpha =\SI{0.68}{MHz/mW}$ and $\gamma\u{all}^{\U{(ex)}}=\SI{106}{MHz}$.
$\gamma\u{all}^{\U{(ex)}}$ reflects the total loss of the resonator
corresponding to $\gamma\u{all}$ introduced in Eq.~(\ref{eq:ac}),
which includes the internal loss of the resonator, as well as the loss from the end mirrors.

For the conversion efficiency,
its maximum is limited to
$\widetilde{\gamma_r}=\gamma_0/\gamma\u{all}^{\U{(ex)}}=\SI{67}{\%}$
from Eq.~(\ref{eq:r})
for the internal loss of the resonator
estimated to be $\gamma\u{int}=\SI{35}{MHz}$.
Besides, a mode mismatch of the signal and the converted modes
propagating in the waveguide should degrade the conversion efficiency.
To estimate the amount $M$ of the mode match,
we plot the bottom peaks of the observed spectra for the780-nm light
normalized by the value at $P=\SI{0}{mW}$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:result}~(c).
The best fit to the data with a function $M T(P) + (1-M)$ gives $M=0.94$,
where $T(P)=|t|^2$ is given by Eq.~(\ref{eq:t}) with $\widetilde{\Delta}_c=0$.
Accordingly, the maximum of the achievable internal conversion efficiency is
estimated as $\eta\u{max}:=M\widetilde{\gamma_r}=0.63$.
By normalizing the observed peaks for the 1581-nm light with the maximum,
we can observe the internal conversion efficiency, as presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:result}~(c).
From the best fit to the data with a function
$\eta\u{max}R(P)$ given by Eq.~(\ref{eq:r}) with $\widetilde{\Delta}_c=0$,
the unit power cooperativity is estimated to be $\beta=\SI{0.0062}{mW^{-1}}$,
which agrees well with $\alpha/\gamma\u{all}^{\U{(ex)}}=\SI{0.0064}{mW^{-1}}$,
as estimated from the experimental result about the bandwidth.
Although the PPLN/WR used in this experiment is the Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavity
and the converted light emerges from its two end faces,
an asymmetric mirror coating could limit the output to one side only,
or these two modes can be coherently combined by adopting an interferometer
such as the Sagnac loop~\cite{Yamazaki2021}.

We notice that
the pump power for the maximum conversion efficiency~($\widetilde{C}=1$)
is $\beta^{-1}\sim\SI{160}{mW}$
while the maximum in the case without cavities was \SI{700}{mW}~\cite{Ikuta2011}.
This clearly indicates the cavity enhancement effect
without the pump light confinement.
In addition, the good agreement of the theoretical curves
and the experimental results for all pump powers implies
the absence of unwanted nonlinear optical interaction
that facilitates noise light generation around the target wavelengths to be converted
and the pump power consumption
observed in the $\chi^{(2)}$-based frequency conversion
with the pump light confinement~\cite{Ikuta2021}.

We performed the same analysis as described above for the other peaks in Fig.~\ref{fig:result}~(a).
The estimated values are listed in Table~\ref{tbl:ex_tbl}.
It is evident that almost the same values are obtained for every parameter.
This implies that this device achieved
equal performance on the frequency conversion around every resonant frequency.
\begin{table}[t]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}
  {|c|cccc|}
  \hline
  peak number & p1 & p2 & p3 & p4 \\ \hline\hline
  $\alpha$~(MHz/mW) & $0.63\pm 0.03$ & $0.74\pm 0.02$ & $0.63\pm 0.02$ & $0.68\pm 0.02$ \\ \hline
  $\gamma\u{all}^{\U{(ex)}}$~(MHz) & $117\pm 4$ & $ 105 \pm 3$ & $106 \pm 2$ & $106 \pm 2$ \\ \hline
  $M$~(\%) & $93\pm 0.2$ & $ 94 \pm 0.1$ & $94 \pm 0.2$ & $94 \pm 0.1$ \\ \hline
  $10^3 \beta$~(/mW) & $5.6\pm 0.1$ & $ 5.9 \pm 0.1$ & $6.1 \pm 0.1$ & $6.2 \pm 0.1$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
 \caption{
   Estimated values on the four peaks.
 \label{tbl:ex_tbl}}
 \end{center}
\end{table}

Next, we perform the tweezing operation.
To suppress the shaking during the picking and maximize the conversion efficiency,
we adopted part of the converted light to lock the pump frequency.
The observed power of signal A after PPLN/WR was reduced from \SI{0.6}{mW} to \SI{0.04}{mW}
via frequency conversion with the frequency-locked pump light.
This decrease ratio of 0.93 agrees well with the observed value $M$ in the previous section.
Under this setup, we input an additional signal light denoted by B
with a frequency difference $\nu_s$ from the frequency of signal A.
We show the observed spectra of the converted light around \SI{1581}{nm}
in Figs.~\ref{fig:result}~(d) and (e)
with logarithmic and linear scales for the vertical axes, respectively.
It can be observed that for $\nu_s = \SI{7.0}{GHz} = 2\,\nu\u{FSR}$,
both signals were simultaneously converted to \SI{1581}{nm}.
In contrast, for $\nu_s = \SI{9.1}{GHz} = 2.6\,\nu\u{FSR}$,
the converted light by signal B was
significantly smaller~(a suppression of \SI{16}{dB})
because the $\widetilde{\Delta}_c$ value for signal B is sufficiently large.
Based on this result,
we conclude that the proof-of-principle experiment
for the optical frequency tweezers was successfully achieved.

\begin{figure*}
 \begin{center}
   \scalebox{1}{\includegraphics{./Figure4.eps}}
    \caption{
      (a)
      Diagram of the three-level system with an external input light from mode $a_r$.
      (b)
      Theoretical simulation of the interference effect
      by using Eq.~(\ref{eq:eit}) with
      $\phi=0$ and $\widetilde{C}\widetilde{\gamma_r}=0.25$.
      The control light is assumed to be
      $a_{r,IN}/a_{s,IN}=e^{i\theta} 0.5\widetilde{\Gamma}/(\widetilde{\Gamma}+i\widetilde{\delta}_c)$
      with $\widetilde{\Gamma}=0.05$.
      The top figure presents three curves
        for $\widetilde{\delta}_c=\widetilde{\Delta}_c - 0.75$~(green),
        $\widetilde{\Delta}_c$~(red), and
        $\widetilde{\Delta}_c + 0.75$~(blue)
        in the case of $\theta=0$.
        The middle figure shows three curves
        for
        $\widetilde{\delta}_c=\widetilde{\Delta}_c - 0.75$~(blue),
        $\widetilde{\Delta}_c$~(yellow), and
        $\widetilde{\Delta}_c + 0.75$~(green)
        in the case of $\theta=\pi$.
        The bottom figure shows the curves
        for the three detunings
        $\widetilde{\delta}_c=\widetilde{\Delta}_c \pm 0.75, \widetilde{\Delta}_c$,
        each with the random phase of
        $\theta=k\pi/20$~($k=0,\ldots, 40$).
      (c)
      The observed transmission spectra at \SI{780}{nm}
      with the control light around \SI{1581}{nm} with four different detunings.
      The figures on the right are enlarged figures on the left.
    }
 \label{fig:eit}
 \end{center}
\end{figure*}
The tweezing operation presented above is based on the frequency conversion of the 780-nm light.
In addition to the function,
the $\Lambda$-type system enables us to adopt an external field at \SI{1581}{nm},
to control the tweezing operation~(refer to Fig.~\ref{fig:eit}~(a)).
The external field is described by $a_{r,IN}$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:ac}),
and the complex amplitude of the staying probability becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
  \frac{a_{s,OUT}}{a_{s,IN}}
  = \frac{e^{i\phi}\sqrt{\widetilde{C}\widetilde{\gamma}_r}a_{r,IN}/a_{s,IN}+\frac{1}{2}(1-\widetilde{C})-i\widetilde{\Delta}_c}
  {\frac{1}{2}(1 + \widetilde{C})-i\widetilde{\Delta}_c}.
  \label{eq:eit}
\end{eqnarray}
The equation above demonstrates that the output of the signal
includes an interference effect between modes $a_r$ and $a_s$.
Unlike the coupled-resonator-based $\Lambda$-type optical systems~\cite{Peng2014,Guo2016},
it is possible to freely tune the relative phase of the free fields.
Consequently, both destructive and constructive interferences
corresponding to the electromagnetically-induced transparency~(EIT)
and the electromagnetically-induced absorption~(EIA) based on the Fano interference
in atomic systems are achieved
without altering the cooperativity $\widetilde{C}$~\cite{Naweed2005}.
The theoretical simulation of the optical implementations of EIT and the EIA
under an assumption that the frequency of the control light is locked
to that of the pump light is presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:eit}~(b).
The results indicate the possibilities that EIT and the EIA
can, respectively, obstruct and facilitate the tweezing operation
close to the resonant frequencies.
This property enables the device to provide additional functions.
For example,
the switching operation to all frequency modes by the pump light is performed at once
for the frequency multiplexed input with the frequency interval corresponding to the FSR.
However, the control light enables us to switch one of the frequency modes.
Another usage of this property involves performing the tweezing operation of the signal
sensitive to the phase of the control beam as an additional reference light.

The observed spectra of the 780-nm light for various wavelengths
of the control light are presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:eit}(c).
In response to the wavelength of the control light changes,
the wavelength for observing the interference changed.
As is expected, both the destructive and constructive interferences
related to the EIT and EIA
are observed at the control frequencies near the resonant points,
while the interference signatures reflect the random phase structure
similar to the bottom of Fig.~\ref{fig:eit}~(b)
because the signal and control lasers were not phase locked.
This result implies that the tweezing operation can be switched
by using a more stable laser for the control field.

\section{conclusion}
In this study, we presented the optical frequency tweezers
with experimental implementation
based on frequency conversion with the atypical cavity structure.
It facilitated the precise frequency tweezing operation
without shaking the frequency or disturbing the light,
other than the target to be chosen for tweezing.
Using the control light as the analogies of EIT and EIA in atomic systems,
we demonstrated the possibilities of
suppressing and enhancing the tweezing operation.
Such optical frequency tweezers will be indispensable
as the channel exchange for a massive any-to-any channel switch
among frequency-multiplexed channels,
which has the same role as a conventional channel exchange
for an any-to-any switch among spatially assigned channels.
In addition to the above tweezing operation,
we verified the advantages of our frequency converter.
Importantly, the cavity enhancement without severe impedance matching
and the higher maximum conversion efficiency will be beneficial
in the frequency conversion of a single photon
with quantum information that is never amplified.

\section{acknowledgments}
R.I., N.I., and T.Y. acknowledge members of Quantum Internet Task Force (QITF)
for comprehensive and interdisciplinary discussions of the quantum internet.
This work was supported by Moonshot R \& D, JST JPMJMS2066;
CREST, JST JPMJCR1671;
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and Asahi Glass Foundation.

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If popular culture is to be believed, it seems the 1990s is the hottest decade right now. Most of the 'new' television shows are reboots of classics from the era, including Full House and Will & Grace, with the originals casts reprising their roles. In popular music, if you were a major player 20-25 years ago, then its suddenly fashionable to return with new music and slews of concert dates.
In country music, this trend extends to the return of Faith Hill and Shania Twain with their first new music in more than a decade while Garth Brooks is wrapping up his massive three-year tour this month in Nashville. Even Dixie Chicks came home to the United States with their first tour in ten years. What's old is new again or rather the music that defined my childhood is suddenly hip again.
It would be a stretch to place Tracy Lawrence at the same level since he was never a global superstar or wheeled much influence on an international stage. But he was one of the most consistent and traditional artists in his day, with a catalog that more than stands up to anything released by the artists who may have eclipsed him in status.
To celebrate this resurgence, Lawrence has released Good Ole Days, which recognizes what he refers to as a 'hunger for the music from my era.' The album pairs him with modern day country artists singing his hits. The whole concept does seem like a gimmick, a cash grab for the gullible fan unaware they are likely only lining the pockets of the executive who dreamt up this project. But really it's a chance to finally hear country's current class sing real well-written songs for the first time in their careers. I jumped at the chance to review this album simply so I could hear how these artists sound when forced to interrupt the actual country music. I've always had a theory that there is talent there if these artists had the proper vehicle to show it off.
This is the proper vehicle because instead of the artists making these songs their own, with their typical non-country producers and such, they have to stick within the confines of the original arrangements, including the steel, fiddle, and twang. Without the ability to hide, every weakness would be on the table.
Luke Bryan tackles Lawrence's 1991 debut "Sticks and Stones" and handles it well. I wasn't impressed with Jason Aldean's take on "Just Can't Break It to My Heart," his voice was a bit too dirty, but the energy was good.
I remember reading in Quotable Country, on the dearly-departed Country California, Justin Moore says if he had a say he would make an album in the vein of I See It Now. He goes back a bit further here with "Alibis" and knocks it out of the park. Moore is a great country singer and it's a shame he has to reside in this current climate.
Dustin Lynch sounds exactly like a young Lawrence on "Texas Tornado," which is kind of scary. His performance isn't excellent, but it's damn close. I was surprised Miranda Lambert, who has been known to belt this out in concert, wasn't singing it but that could've been label politics.
Probably the newest artist featured here is Luke Combs, who just hit number one with "When It Rains It Pours." There's no mistaking he's a country singer and he easily pulls this off. The same is true for Chris Young, but he sounds like he's just going through the paces on "If The Good Die Young." If he had just let go the results could've been incredible.
Kellie Pickler's talent is wasted on "Stars Over Texas," which finds her regulated to singing the chorus. As the sole female voice on the whole album, you would've thought she'd be allowed more of a presence. I didn't care for her vocal either, which makes her sound like a little girl.
There are two new songs in the mix. Brad Arnold, the lead singer of Alternative Rock band Three Doors Down (think 'Here Without You') joins Lawrence on the title track, which is being billed as his "country music debut." The song, which also features Big & Rich, is a faux-rock disaster. The military-themed fiddle drenched ballad "Finally Home," which features Craig Morgan, is better but not really for my tastes.
Good Ole Days is a great concept with lousy execution. These tracks are collaborations between the singer and Tracy Lawrence which doesn't work on any level. Get rid of Lawrence entirely and turn this into the proper tribute album it's screaming to be. His nasally twang is insufferable and pointlessly distracting. The lack of female artists in the mix is also troubling, as you don't need just men to sing these songs.
Want yet another example of the corporate machine striking again? Well, here you go – Country 102.5 WKLB, Boston's twenty-one year old country music station has cancelled their 'Sunday Morning Country Oldies' program after a twenty year and five month run, replacing it with the same mix of bro-country and progressive sounds that litter their airwaves every other hour of the week.
The move comes in response to the decision by 101.7-FM to switch from an EDM format to country, giving Boston two country music radio stations for the first time. This new station, run by Clear Channel and billing itself as 'The Bull' in a shameless effort to covet the younger country music audience, is the ultimate soul sucker. They're running an uninterrupted commercial free summer to draw in listeners and have slotted the Nashville produced (i.e. syndicated) Bobby Bones Show during the coveted Morning Drive hours.
According to the Boston Globe article announcing the format switch at 101.7, Dylan Sprague, vice president of programming for Clear Channel Media and Entertainment Boston, says the format switch is in accordance to the changing tastes of listeners, most of whom wouldn't have considered themselves country music fans even ten years ago.
To achieve this goal, 101.7 has launched a "comprehensive search" for DJ talent, as Sprague puts it, to be put on air after Labor Day. The Boston Globe article doesn't divulge how they plan to find this talent, or even how hard they plan to "search" but at least they have plans to bring a personal touch to the station, who's call letters are WBLW, and aren't planning on a syndicated format around the clock.
So, where does Country 102.5 WKLB, Boston's Country Music Association award winning country music powerhouse, play into the equation? Well, in response to the new station they've rolled out what they hoped would be a subtle rebranding campaign as "Boston's New Hit Country," which in turn left no room for the venerable oldies program on Sunday mornings.
Up until 101.7 switched formats, the Oldies program was going strong with no signs of imminent cancelation. This spring they even dedicated shows to featuring tracks from and giving away copies of Johnny Cash's Out Among The Stars and Ronnie Milsap's Summer Number Seventeen in coordination with the artists promotional teams in Nashville. On Mother's Day, they played Jimmy Dean's tearjerker 'I.O.U.' once every hour.
Now the program is gone, cancelled without warning to the listeners or the hosts themselves. Burns and Fink were told on June 16 that their final show had aired the day before. Burns will continue his relationship with Greater Media, who owns WKLB and a host of other stations, while Fink has been let go entirely. The fans of the program, who where wondering what was going on when they tuned in this past Sunday, flooded WKLB's Facebook page with messages lamenting their anger.
Listeners reminisced about tuning into the program with their 97 year old parents or listening with their spouses who originally hailed from Texas and couldn't find this music anywhere else beyond CDs and such. Others downright disowned the station and planned to never listen again.
As one of those disgruntled listeners, I'm deeply saddened by the show's cancelation, but I'm not surprised or shocked at this move by Country 102.5 WKLB. We live in a world, especially with regards to media, where corporate greed wins out every time no matter how it might effect a entity's image or well being within the community.
I've had by soul shattered by the continuing devolution of country music for years now, and I'd be a fool to think it could possibly recover even to a fraction of what it once was and should've always remained. The mainstream country music genre and establishment, no matter how much money it makes on a daily basis, is corrupt and morally bankrupt.
If I didn't understand that fact before, the cancelation of Sunday Morning Country Oldies makes it loud and clear. This move puts Country 102.5 WKLB on par with 101.7 instead of establishing themselves as an exception to the rule. Sunday Morning Country Oldies is what helped them stand out from the pack and retain the older country music audience in and around Boston starving for authenticity out of the music they love. Without it they've lost, my 26-year-old self included, whatever fraction of that audience they had left.
I'd have to be an even bigger fool if I thought this move would significantly impact Country 102.5 WKLB's bottom line. Will they suffer as a result of cancelling Sunday Morning Country Oldies? Of course they won't. WKLB makes their money off of the latest and greatest in country music and their pivotal role of turning Boston into a must visit city for all major country music tours. With the growth of country music, they've become the number one most listened to station in Boston with ratings going through the roof. Country 102.5 WKLB hasn't been this popular at any other point in its 21-year history.
With those statistics, it's hard to believe they'd be so insecure about loosing their audience to 101.7 that they'd quickly rebrand and yank their Sunday morning oldies show. I find it mind boggling that a weekly four-hour block of classic country on a Sunday morning would deter listeners to another station. They seriously believe that fans are so impatient they can't wait until noon for the likes of Florida Georgia Line, Luke Bryan, or Jason Aldean? The thinking here, suggested by the cancelation of Sunday Morning Country Oldies, is flat-out ridiculous.
Without so much as a press release or statement from Country 102.5 WKLB explaining this move in their own PR spun words, is there any hope going forward for the fans of the program? With the damage already done, they're shouldn't be. By making the move in the first place Country 102.5 WKLB have shown their true colors as a station just like all the rest, a follower of demographics and industry trends. Keeping the show alive would've been the bold move, a stance against the devolution of corporate radio at a time when a protest is needed most.
There's been speculation about Burns and Fink trying to revive the program online or through another medium but any formal announcement, beyond a 'Save Sunday Morning Country Oldies' Facebook page has yet to come down the pipeline. I sincerely hope they get the last word in all of this as they are the true victims here, lovers of classic country who had their voice diminished without as much as a chance to officially thank their listeners for twenty great years.
As for Country 102.5 WKLB, they can be yet another voice diminishing real country music on the airwaves, catering to the mainstream audience that's done more to murder music row than any artist in Larry Cordle's song.
WKLB, go and cram Luke Bryan's August coming out party at Gillette Stadium down our throats. Its okay, now that we've seen who you really are once and for all.


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Place onion and water in small bowl, cover with plastic wrap and microwave until water boils. Let stand for 5 minutes to soften onion, drain. Tear bread into pieces, put in medium bowl and cover with water. Let soak for a few minutes, then remove bread and squeeze dry. Mix onions, bread, lamb, cheese, herbs, vinegar, salt and pepper together. Cover with plastic wrap, patting it down to seal out the air, and refrigerate for several hours or overnight. When ready to cook, mix again lightly, then roll into walnut-sized balls. Spread chopped nuts on a plate and roll the meatballs in the nuts. Pour 1/2 -inch oil in deep frying pan and fry meatballs until browned on all sides. Transfer to paper-towel lined platter to drain. Serve warm or at room temperature. May be served as main dish with rice, or as appetizer with a dipping sauce made from 1 cup plain yogurt, 1/2 cup finely chopped cucumber and 1 teaspoon chopped fresh mint.


Which exercise is better for building the upper chest?
Bodybuilders have been doing incline bench presses for decades to bring up the upper chest.
Research on incline and reverse- grip bench presses suggests that reverse-grip bench presses my be a better upper-pec builder.
Australian researchers reported in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research that when weight-trained subjects performed incline bench presses, the muscle activity of their upper pecs was only about 5% more than the muscle activity of their upper pecs during the flat bench press.
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To target the upper pecs, start your chest workout with 3 or 4 sets of reverse- grip bench presses. Then, move on to incline bench exercises, such as incline presses and flyes.


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Gay4Soccer highlights pro players who are gay allies
By Jim Buzinski Jan 17, 2012, 12:25pm PST
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The website Gay4soccer has started a program to get pro soccer players -- mostly from Major League Soccer -- to declare their support for gay rights. There are already 12 active players on the list in addition to front office and media people and fan groups.
First, we have launched an Allies Page, where we will keep track of players and other folks who have publicly said they are allies or otherwise done work in support of the GLBT community. We'll be contacting players and others via Twitter and other means and encouraging them to become a part of the page. If you are or know of someone in soccer who wants to be or should be on the page, let us know on Twitter or by email with a link to an article or Tweet that we can include on the page. We'll be using the hashtag #soccerally as well to keep track of Tweets.
The second thing we'll be doing is asking personalities in the soccer community to participate in events that show support for the GLBT community. This month, the NOH8 Campaign is holding a photo shoot in Los Angeles and their first-ever one in Salt Lake City.
It's a cool idea and a great use of social media. Many of the allies have already appeared on Outsports for their NoH8 promotions. This raises visibility in a growing sport and makes it seem cool (since overt homophobia is no longer cool in sports). Of course, what would be the best promotion is to have an openly gay player, getting support from his straight teammates and competitors.

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Sysco Names Fernandez Executive Chairman
The Editors April 17, 2012
DeLaney will continue in current role.
Sysco Corporation (NYSE:SYY) named Manny Fernandez its new executive chairman, effective immediately. Bill DeLaney, Sysco's president and chief executive officer, will continue both in his current role and as a member of the company's board of directors.
Fernandez has served as a director of Sysco since November 2006 and as Sysco's non-executive chairman since June 2009. He remains chairman of Sysco's board of directors.
NRA and NRAEF Introduce new Leadership
The National Restaurant Association and the National Restaurant Association Educational Foundation (NRAEF) today named their 2023 board officers and directors.


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Hey Chef, What Can I Do With Sumac?
Lemony sumac complements such a wide variety of flavors that chefs use it liberally and with gusto. Here are a few ways the pros recommend to bring sumac into your cooking.
Jacqueline Raposo
Disabled food writer Jacqueline Raposo once penned so many interview-based features, event reviews, and ingredient stories for Serious Eats that her editors titled her their Chef Whisperer. Now, she features American war veterans, disabled hospitality folk, and chefs doing good for print and podcast clients including iHeartRadio, Plate, Saveur, Food & Wine, Town & Country, VICE Munchies, Vinepair, Epicurious, and more.
Updated Nov. 21, 2019
Vicky Wasik
You may never have eaten sumac, but it's sneaking up on you. Somewhat uncommon in American cuisine, the citrusy, berry-like, bracingly tart flower is an old hand with Middle Eastern flavors, and more and more cooks and restaurants are embracing it with gusto. (You can buy it at Middle Eastern groceries or online.)
Sumac's bright acidity complements a wide variety of cuisines and flavors. To get some inspiration on ways to bring it into our kitchens, we polled the pros on their favorite ways to use it, from snacks to main dishes to sweets.
An All-Around Mediterranean Dish Topper
Moderne Barn
At Moderne Barn in Armonk, NY, Chef Ethan Kostbar cooks new American cuisine with influences from his travels through the Middle East and Europe.
I grew up in Israel for five years and have done a lot of traveling in Europe and the Middle East, so sumac brings up childhood memories from when I lived in the West Bank. (It's often used in Mediterranean, Israeli, and Moroccan food.) I dust it on top of everything—feta cheese with olive oil, baba ganoush, hummus. I put it on roasted chicken and fish. It has a lemony flavor to it, and I love the color. It's essentially a dried flower, and just like with any spice, the fresher you can get the better.
Popcorn Duster
Courtesy of Proof on Main
Chef Levon Wallace has worked at Proof on Main in the 21c Museum Hotel in Louisville, Kentucky, and Cochon Butcher in Nashville, Tennessee. He is the owner of FatBelly Pretzel in Nashville.
In my house we are popcorn freaks—we're always eating popcorn and putting whatever we can on it. I love the tart, almost sour element that you get from sumac. So I toss it all over popcorn with salt, and it makes it almost like you're eating salt-and-vinegar popcorn, but with more complexity to it.
Bread-Dipping Oil
Brent Herrig
Amanda Cohen has received numerous accolades for her vegetarian cooking at New York's Dirt Candy, including a glowing two-star review in the New York Times, a Michelin Bib Gourmand nod, and a Top 10 Best Vegetarian Restaurants in America award from Food & Wine. Cohen is also author of the award-winning Dirt Candy: A Cookbook.
I really like sumac, and I think it's a very underrated spice—it's citrusy, but it's also a flavor enhancer, like salt, since it highlights what's already in a dish. I wish people used it more like salt; you have your salt and you have your sumac.
It's the first thing people eat when they come into the restaurant, because it's part of our oil blend for our bread. We use a regular extra-virgin olive oil, which is funny because people think we use something fancy, so we're all embarrassed if someone sees the tin. We add some za'atar and extra salt as well, and together they elevate plain olive oil to something extraordinary.
Fried-Food Seasoning
Decca Restaurant
Chef Annie Pettry grew up gardening, foraging, and fishing in her hometown of Asheville, North Carolina, and made some serious cooking stops before landing at Decca Restaurant in Louisville. A 2014 StarChefs Rising Star, Pettry created a menu that relied on the diverse products of Kentucky agriculture.
One of my favorite things to do with sumac is season fried food. The sumac brightens everything up with citrus tones, but it's also earthy, so I feel like it makes fried food pop. I love it on corn fritters, fried Brussels sprouts, and fried garbanzo beans especially.
For the garbanzo beans, cover chickpeas with a ton of water and overcook them, to where the skins look like they're popping off, the beans are breaking in half, and they're almost mushy. Add salt to the water so that it absorbs as the beans sit, then strain and fry the beans in oil at 350°F (180°C). They almost hollow out, and their skins turn crunchy. Then toss them with salt, sumac, and a chiffonade of mint.
Like Citrus, But Without That Pesky Liquid
Eric Kleinberg
Originally from Missouri, executive chef Rachel Dow, formerly of Chicago's The Betty, has lived and worked in Chicago for over a decade. She honed her skills at now-classic restaurants like Perennial, Blackbird, Maude's Liquor Bar, and Avec.
Because it has that neutral, earthy kind of sour note, sumac goes great in places where you might not want the liquid from citrus juice. Sprinkle it directly on melons, or use it in a dry marinade where you don't want direct acid to "pre-cook" the proteins, but still want the sourness, like with fish dishes.
Middle Eastern Meat Loaf Spice
With the Greenmarket at the doorstep of New York City's Union Square Café, executive chef and partner Carmen Quagliata explores and develops his passion for his native Italian cuisine in one of the city's most beloved, iconic restaurants.
Meat loaf! It's really good! Sumac brightens it up and gives it a little something lemony. Use it with whatever meat you got, even turkey.
Meaty Marinades
Photograph: Nebo Cucina & Enoteca
Carla Pallotta is the chef and co-owner of Nebo Cucina & Enoteca in Boston's North End with her sister, Christine. Together, they focus on classic Italian recipes inspired by their mother, grandmother, and their travels home.
Everyone thinks of sumac as Middle Eastern, but in Italy and Sicily, it's a spice that's grown easily and used often. We make a marinade for pork with it. For two full racks of pork ribs, I'd say we use three blood oranges, three-quarters of a cup of olive oil, a tablespoon of honey, a little chopped garlic, and then maybe two teaspoons of soy sauce and two full tablespoons of sumac. We let the ribs marinate for 24 hours and then sit at room temperature before cooking. Between the blood oranges and sumac, you get a citrusy, bright flavor that's divine.
Sumac Doughnuts
Lettuce Entertain You
Jeff Mahin is a chef/partner at Lettuce Entertain You Enterprises and the creative force behind Stella Barra Pizzeria (Santa Monica, Hollywood, Chicago, DC opening winter 2014); Summer House Santa Monica (Chicago, DC opening winter 2014); and M Street Kitchen (Santa Monica). Mahin has accumulated several industry accolades, including Zagat's "30 under 30," Forbes' "30 under 30" list of hospitality-industry up-and-comers, and Restaurant Hospitality's "13 to Watch in 2013."
We do a chef challenge where one chef challenges another chef with a secret ingredient, and once it was sumac. I'm a big fan of pairing healthy with unhealthy, and since sumac is kind of flavorless but has a citric tang to it, I made a sumac doughnut. We made a brioche dough and then folded the sumac into it by making a rectangle, sprinkling sumac and brown sugar into it, folding it like a letter, spreading the dough out, and then repeating until we had about 20 layers of sumac before cutting the doughnuts and letting them rise. Then we glazed them with vanilla bean and sumac icing. It was this cool doughnut with strings of red in it.
Evan Sung
Chef Richard Capizzi comes from a traditional Italian family, and as pastry chef of New York's Lincoln Ristorante, his heritage serves him well. There he combines his family's knowledge of Italian sweets with classic pastry technique.
If I'm going to use sumac, it's going to be in a ganache, not an ice cream. At Per Se, sumac ganache was my go-to ganache. It goes so well with dairy, balancing bitter chocolate with dairy notes from the cream, rounding everything out. It complements all the flavors and gets the other aromatics going without overpowering anything.
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Farm & Food File
A syndicated column by Alan Guebert
The Land of Milk and Uncle Honey
Home The Column About Alan In the News Upcoming Events The Land of Milk and Uncle Honey Subscribe Contact Alan
"No problem, I'll just stop eating pork."
One tried-and-true tool politicians use to deflect public criticism is as old as politics itself: beat up the press.
Someone in Secretary Sonny Perdue's U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) thought it was time to do just that April 8 as the "FSIS Office of Congressional and Public Affairs"—USDA's Food Safety Inspection Service—issued a blistering rebuttal to an April 3 Washington Post story on proposed changes in the federal safety inspection regime at hog slaughtering plants.
The story, by a Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter, telegraphed its news in its first sentence: "The Trump administration plans to shift much of the power and responsibility for food safety inspections in hog plants to the pork industry… as early as May, cutting the number of federal inspectors by about 40 percent and replacing them with plant employees."
The USDA reply five days later was unlike like anything I've ever seen in nearly 40 years of ag journalism.
"The Washington Post says that democracy dies in darkness," began its anonymous writer. "If that's the case, then The Washington Post's story about the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) is a solar eclipse."
Just in case that opening metaphor was too murky and inside-the-swamp for us country folk, it went on to moralize that food safety is a "responsibility and mission so important that every FSIS employee takes an Oath of Office. If only The Washington Post was held to the same standard."
The government-sponsored sarcasm was, as intended, noticed. Members of the Safe Food Coalition issued a statement the next day noting USDA's "unsigned" reply "merely confirms the truth of the Post's story" because of its use of "'alternative facts'… to spin the news… using word play."
For example, "…USDA asserts… 'FSIS is not reducing the total number of federal inspectors by 40 percent'… However, USDA's proposed rule clearly envisions that 'the Agency would require 147 fewer… for swine slaughter inspection,' i.e. a 40% reduction in the relevant inspection workforce…"
Tony Corbo, senior lobbyist for Food & Water Watch, an independent, non-partisan group "that champions healthy food and clean water," sees USDA's sharp reply as another step in its emerging trend to attack consumer groups that question its Big Ag rulemaking agenda.
The proof, he says, is that "There's nothing in the USDA statement that responds to real problems USDA has had in implementing past changes to meat inspection rules. Instead, there's a lot of double-speak to deflect Congress's and public attention from these new, even bigger changes."
Key U.S. pork importers are taking note, too, says Dr. Steve Suppan, senior policy analyst at the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy.
When, for example, the U.S. begins new trade talks with Japan, Suppan forecasts in an email, "Japan will demand re-inspection and testing of fresh pork at the port of entry" if USDA implements what Japan sees as weakened pork slaughter inspection rules.
The reason is that if Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe "agrees that USDA (inspection) standards are 'equivalent' to Japan's, not withstanding all contrary evidence, Abe's party will pay at the polls."
If that global worry spreads, the threat to the U.S. pork sector would be catastrophic because 26 percent of all (federally-inspected) American pork, valued at $6.4 billion, was exported in 2018.
An even bigger market threat is brewing here, according to Post readers. Hundreds who read the pork inspection story posted remarks like "No problem, I'll just stop eating pork," or "Time to become vegan," and "Chick-fil-A: the other white meat."
Notably, many of the 814 reader comments wondered why USDA would cede federal power for food safety to corporate meatpackers. So far, USDA's single response hinges on a daft Orwellian reference to solar eclipses.
That's not good enough. American hog farmers don't sell eclipses; they sell trust, a trust built in large part on USDA meat inspection. Any debasement of that standard to save a few million federal dollars while adding a few million to corporate profits is a fool's trade.
© 2019 ag comm
Category: Big Ag, Farm Policy, Food Labeling, From the Column, Special Interests Tagged: food inspection, pork, trade, USDA
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This. https://t.co/MxAISpfh0Q
December 30, 2020 at 12:48pm
The US isn't the only democratic nation where the ill-intentioned make nation-altering change too quickly for the benefit of a politically privileged few. Brexit is a fool's errand & UK farmers will soon be the first to learn that lesson. https://t.co/Ri8bev4wmi
Climate change, monopolistic practices & fair competition are neither right wing nor left wing. They're mainstream and every farmer knows it. The problem is too few rely on science & law and too many rely on politics & gov't subsidies. https://t.co/BHDE4KQ2Vc
December 24, 2020 at 3:45am
Another killer post by @RiverRaccoon made especially so because incoming Sect'y of Ag will again be Iowan Tom Vilsack, Big AgBiz's favorite do-little Dem. https://t.co/IrI0n4cppU
Since 2015, gov't program payments to farmers & ranchers have totaled $118B excluding $20B asked for in new covid spending. Would anyone forego portion for better rural schools, hospitals, roads, Internet, lakes, rivers & soil? https://t.co/O61JrkH6ra
December 7, 2020 at 9:41am
And he did nothing to slow or stop Big Agbiz concentration despite series of hearings around the US in his tenure that repeatedly made plain the need. Now, 10 yrs later, a handful of global giants run much of ag, food & rural US. https://t.co/YPcDxsTYSU
A Challenging Year but an Unforgettable Thanksgiving
November Winds are Blowing Big Change
What Exactly is China Buying on its U.S. Shopping Spree?
Supporting Documents for Farm and Food File, Week of December 13, 2020
Supporting Documents for Farm and Food File, Week of December 6, 2020
Supporting Documents for Farm and Food File, Week of November 29, 2020
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A syndicated column by Alan Guebert.
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Fujitsu has launched a fast-track blockchain consultancy service for companies to see whether their distributed ledger plans are pie in the sky or might actually be of some commercial benefit.
The Japanese giant claims its scheme, in which concept prices start at €9,900, will propose to customers a minimum viable product in five days.
The assesment involves Fujitsu and the customer jointly beavering away on ideas based on blockchain or other distributed ledger technologies to figure out if the tech can actually improve biz processes.
This "proof of business" approach is in contrast to the "proof of concept", which Chris Pilling, business development and lead architect at Fujitsu's Blockchain Innovation Centre (BIC), said was one of the most common mistakes customers made.
"They set off in the wrong direction by focusing on the technology. They spend time and money on seeing if the technology works," he told The Reg. "We're pushing the proof of business so we work with customers to ask what the business case is."
Gartner claimed in its 2018 CIO Survey that just 1 per cent of those polled had signed off on full-blown blockchain-related projects, 8 per cent were dipping their toe in the water and 77 per cent had no interest whatsoever.
It is important, the analyst added, that customers consider what the tech is capable of today versus what results it might yield in the future. A lack of skills or proper planning could also result in some customers dismissing schemes before they get off the ground.
Fujitsu is pitching the "framework" as a way to help customers avoid the "common pitfalls" of blockchain projects. Another example, it cited, was using blockchain as a database.
"Customers also look at it from the point of having existing processes that they don't want to touch or break, and [then trying to] push them into a blockchain concept," Pilling said. "It's completely the other way around. They need to start with a blank piece of paper."
Organisations that plan to use the technology in-house, or are considering building a smart contract that will only be used a small number of times, could probably find a better way of solving their problems, Fujitsu admitted.
The vendor is, it told us, very keen to avoid the impression that it is cynically jumping on the unstoppable blockchain hype wagon with a new kind of consulting project.
"Blockchain isn't a trend or a fad," said Pilling.
He pointed out that Fujitsu was a founding member of Hyperledger, and develops lots of code on the core Hyperledger Fabric project.
Fujitsu's process was developed by Frederik de Breuck, the head of the BIC, who said it was a "ready-to-go package" that would jump-start customers' blockchain projects.
It's aimed at businesses that lack the resources – whether that's time, money or skills – to carry out their own development work, rather than those who are already using blockchain.
Pilling said a separate version that would allow customers to analyse existing use cases in a deeper way was coming soon.
The five days will start with basic intro sessions to blockchain, and prsumably the lighting of some josticks, after which Fujitsu will work with the customer to define the problem, analyse it and then derive a use case.
Then Fujitsu's team spends the next three days developing a prototype for the customer and considering web applications, integrations and platforming.
On day five, the creation is presented to the customer, along with some analysis/ modelling of how it met the business's need. From there, Fujitsu hopes the customer will find more cash to move the project on to a bigger programme – but Pilling acknowledged not all customers will do this.
"It would be great to say, yes, we've met the proof of business and they want to go to get the global blockchain team involved... [but] we allow the customer to go away and play with the prototype," he said.
"If for whatever reason they can't progress it now, they can keep the prototype, learn from it, bend it, break it."
Customers will, however, be asked to sign up to a licence that dictates what they can and can't do with the prototype – ie, it will likely have to be kept in house and taking it to a rival will flout the Ts&Cs.
Pilling maintained that even if the customer decides blockchain isn't the best route forward, it will still have been money worth spending as they will have gained confirmation in a short period of time.
"There's as much value having that certainty that it's not the thing they need at the moment," he said.


Look out dinosaurs and dodos--we are examining extinction! This week we get to know the X-Files in a biblical sense, erm, ummm, I mean, it'll make sense when you hear it! Carolyn shares some memes, Vanessa shares some science, so business as usual. Then they wrap it up with an in depth and rather bumbling discussion of the plot with all its twists and turns. So pull out an earbud and listen in! And as we always say, "Kill me once shame on you, kill me twice that's impossible!"


Welcome to Dublin Select Softball. We are a select program dedicated to advancing the skills, knowledge, and confidence of softball players in the Dublin community. Each year we strive to create a program that further develops players to allow them success in their school teams and beyond. If this is a program that sounds right for you, please look around and feel free to reach out to us on our contact page.
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Goodbye & Amen (conosciuto anche con il titolo L'uomo della CIA) è un film del 1977 diretto da Damiano Damiani, interpretato da Tony Musante e Claudia Cardinale e tratto dal romanzo Sulla pelle di lui di Francis Clifford.

Trama
John Dannahay, agente della CIA in servizio presso l'ambasciata statunitense a Roma, sta pianificando un colpo di stato in una non meglio precisata nazione dell'Africa. Dannahay, che è tenuto sotto controllo dai suoi superiori dopo un errore che ha mandato a monte la sua ultima operazione, è disposto a tutto pur di portare a compimento la missione; scopre però grazie a delle intercettazioni, che il suo collega e amico intimo Harry Lambert sta in realtà facendo il doppio gioco, passando informazioni al nemico.

A poche ore di distanza, in tarda serata, un uomo armato di fucile comincia a sparare da un balcone dell'hotel Hilton, uccidendo un mendicante e un turista asiatico e seminando il panico in strada. Sentendosi braccato, il pericoloso individuo si barrica in una stanza dell'albergo, all'interno della quale stanno trascorrendo la notte l'elegante signora De Mauro, moglie infedele di un ricco imprenditore ed il suo amante Jack Perry, attore giovane e belloccio. Sul posto interviene il commissario Moreno, della polizia italiana, che insieme ai suoi uomini tenta di governare la situazione.

La moglie di Harry Lambert, Renata, racconta a Dannahay che suo marito è andato via di casa dopo un brutto litigio e, poiché viene ritrovata nell'hotel la custodia di un suo fucile, si pensa che sia proprio lui il sequestratore. Dannahay offre la sua collaborazione al commissario Moreno e i due cercano di mettersi in contatto telefonico con la stanza nella quale l'uomo ha preso in ostaggio la signora De Mauro e Perry. I poliziotti tentano a più riprese di irrompere nella stanza, con scarsi risultati. Il sequestratore, minacciando di uccidere gli ostaggi, chiede che venga fatto entrare nella camera anche l'ambasciatore Carson.

Dopo uno scontro a fuoco nel quale Dannahay riesce a liberare la signora De Mauro, la polizia decide di accogliere la richiesta del sequestratore, consegnandogli l'ambasciatore. Ben presto però Dannahay comprende che il sequestratore non è affatto Lambert, bensì Douglas Greyson, l'ex autista dell'ambasciatore Carson e di Lambert, licenziato per via delle sue turbe psichiche. Dannahay preleva Lambert da una villa al mare, nel quale il diplomatico, ignaro di tutto, si sta rilassando con l'amante Maria Sole, e lo mette al corrente della situazione.

Greyson, progettando la fuga, richiede ai poliziotti che gli sia messo a disposizione un elicottero e che gli venga consegnato un altro uomo, insieme a quattro tute e quattro caschi integrali, affinché durante la fuga nessuno riesca a distinguerlo dagli ostaggi. Dannahay convince Lambert a consegnarsi come quarto uomo, promettendogli di mettere una pistola carica in una via d'accesso al tetto, in modo che lui la possa usare contro Greyson. Il sequestratore, insieme a Lambert, Perry e Carson, si dirige verso l'elicottero; Lambert, che ha recuperato l'arma messa a disposizione da Dannahay, apre il fuoco contro Greyson, ma i primi due colpi non vanno a segno. Il terzo e il quarto proiettile colpiscono Greyson, che però fa in tempo a rispondere al fuoco: entrambi gli uomini si accasciano al suolo e muoiono.

La polizia libera Perry e l'ambasciatore Carson. Dannahay da ordine di completare il golpe. Il commissario Moreno nota dei bossoli strani. L'uomo comprende che Dannahay ha volutamente caricato a salve i primi colpi nell'arma di Lambert, in modo che Greyson avesse il tempo di rispondere e ucciderlo; inizia a parlarne con Dannahay, decide poi però di desistere e augura la buonanotte a Dannahay.

Produzione
Il film venne girato quasi interamente nell'hotel Cavalieri Hilton di Roma.

Collegamenti esterni

Film thriller
Film polizieschi
Film diretti da Damiano Damiani

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home Ancient Coins CoinWeek News Wire for July 29, 2016
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CoinWeek News Wire for July 29, 2016
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By Coinweek ….
1.) Deciphering history through coins
Another prized possession is the one with an imprint of Alexander [the Great] on the face of the coin. "It belongs to 327 B.C. and there is also a story that Alexander married an Indian tribal woman. I have the coin minted by the third descendant of the family. On one side an olive tree is found and on the other a Greek God on a chariot is printed," says Rajarajan. He also has a coin with the portrait of Seleucus Nicator, the trusted general of Alexander the Great…
2.) Only $250 Worth Of Gold In Rio Olympic Medal
Surprisingly … the coveted prize, created by the Brazilian Mint, barely has any gold in it and is almost entirely made of silver.
According to Victor Hugo Criado Berbert, production manager of the Olympic medals at the mint, the medals are only about 1.2% gold…
3.) A Beginner's Guide to Collecting Chinese Gold Panda Coins
Perhaps no series of modern Chinese coins is more important and more misunderstood than Chinese Gold Pandas. Many people still think that gold Pandas are bullion coins, or coins that are essentially substitutes for gold bars. A glance at the value of a set of gold Pandas shows how off base this is…
4.) Millions of dollars of forgotten coins retrieved from junked cars
Even coins that have been fed through a shredder and are 'battered beyond recognition' still have a value, according to Shahar. He buys them in bulk, predominantly from China where coins are meticulously sorted by hand instead of immediately being run through multi-million-dollar recycling systems…
5.) Narita installs currency machine to convert travelers' coins into e-cash
The machine accepts dollar, euro, yuan and yen coins and converts them into 12 kinds of e-cash…
6.) Cash, crime and large denominations
The 500 euro bank note had become a favourite among criminals, money launderers, terrorists and corrupt elements, as is generally the case all around the world with large denomination notes. In Pakistan, the Rs5000 note is considered a godsend by those indulging in corruption. And it's easy to see why…
7.) In Faridabad, massive confusion about Rs 10 coin
The people of this town have been confused for the past two weeks about whether [the] Rs 10 coin is legitimate. While some shopkeepers are accepting it, others are rejecting it outright. That's because of a rumour circulated by some people on social media that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has declared the Rs 10 coin invalid…
8.) Public Asked for Help in Selecting New Croatian Coin
The Croatian National Banks (HNB) are seeking input from the public to help select new new commemorative 25 kuna coins…
9.) Fixed-Price List of Summer Edition of the Classical Numismatic Review
The summer edition of the Classical Numismatic Review offers 163 selected coins at a fixed price…
10.) Derek Wicks designs 'Lucky Loonie' for Royal Canadian Mint ahead of Summer Olympics
For [Derek] Wicks, who has previously designed commemorative coins for the Royal Canadian Mint, this will be his first circulation coin…
"Good News, Everyone…"
11.) Gold coins discovered at Daventry valuation day 'gift from late husband'
A woman discovered the brass coins she found in a drawer were really a collection of 22 carat gold sovereigns…
Treasure News
12.) Celtic coin hoard gives up more secret treasures
A BAG of gold and silver bracelets is the most recent treasure to be discovered in Jersey's Celtic coin hoard.
The team, which has been working for months to take apart the collection at La Hougue Bie, recently removed the 51,000th coin but also spotted a mysterious piece of material…
But then there's this, from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC):
13.) Celtic coin hoard count 'overestimated'
The world's largest Celtic hoard has thousands fewer coins than the 70,000 originally predicted, according to the man responsible for studying it.
Neil Mahrer, senior conservator at Jersey Heritage, has led a team removing the coins from the large mound one by one for two years.
He said he expected it to be a "few thousand fewer"…
14.) £44,000 appeal to keep Roman coin hoard in York
The Yorkshire Museum needs to raise £44,200 in the next four months to keep the hoard of more than 1,800 Roman coins discovered in the region, which date back to 307AD.
A metal detectorist found the coins near Wold Newton, East Yorkshire, in 2014, which depict Constantius and are the first to proclaim his son Constantine "Augustus" after he was made emperor in York…
15.) Labourers strike silver, flee with Victorian-era coins
A clay pot full of silver coins belonging to Victorian era was discovered in the dug up basement of a shop in Cheenigram locality of Farrukhabad district, on Saturday. Most of the coins were looted by labourers who were working in the shop in Kirana Bazaar of Cheenigram area.
The police could recover only 16 coins…
16.) Is there ancient treasure to be found on our coasts?
The Oregon coast is encrusted with vacationers this time of year, many of them beach combing for items ranging from Japanese fishing floats and tsunami debris to exotic driftwood and agates. Few might expect to find authentic treasures there, but two recent discoveries are enough to fire up the imagination…
17.) Man arrested for reportedly stealing $100,000 worth of gold bars and coins
The victim reportedly came home to find his security system disarmed, and his coin collection and gold bars missing from his safe. The victim estimated the worth of the stolen valuables at more than $100,000…
Banknote News
18.) Spectacular Valais 'bisse' to feature on new banknote
The bisse d'Ayent – one of the historic irrigation channels unique to the canton of Valais – will be depicted on the new 100 franc note, the Swiss national bank (SNB) has decided…
19.) Central Bank of Liberia to Introduce New Liberian Bank Notes
One of the major improvements in the CBL attempt to handle the currency situation is the introduction of a new denomination – the LD$50 single banknote.
The new denomination will in one way or the other help in meeting some of the requirements of good money-its portability…
20.) Can Canada's currency printer thrive as 'cashless society' looms?
Canadian Bank Note Co. has been the government's currency printer of choice for more than a century. But now the Ottawa firm faces an epic battle against Apple Pay and a slew of other electronic payment apps. Associate business editor James Bagnall examines the forces producing cash's decline and how Ottawa's bank note printer will adapt…
21.) 50 lionfish = 1 extra lobster
To get the coin, a picture of 50 lionfish can be sent to Lionfish@MyFWC.com with a piece of paper next to the fish that includes the name of the harvester, the date harvested and the harvester's signature with the mailing address in the email…
22.) Pins, coins designed for 15th anniversary of Sept. 11
A Virginia company has designed a commemorative pin and coin for the upcoming 15th anniversary of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
C. Forbes Inc. of Richmond has designed a lapel pin and challenge coin with the theme of "United in Memory"…
23.) The Cloisters acquire late medieval medal connected to Jean Duc de Berry
Renaissance and Baroque medals from the collection of Sir Timothy Clifford, former director of the Scottish National Gallery, sold for £82,872 (US$117,844) in a specialized sale of coins and medals at Morton & Eden in London on June 13, 2016…
24.) 'It Creates a Brotherhood': Police Swap Commemorative Challenge Coins During DNC
Walters said he's already collected about a dozen different challenge coins during the DNC, from agencies including the U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Marshals, Federal Air Marshals, specialized units like his own, and the Philadelphia Police Department's Marine Unit, Counter-Terrorism Operations, Highway Patrol and 22nd Police District…
Mint News
25.) U.S. Mint Breast Cancer Awareness Commemorative Coin Design Competition
The United States Mint is pleased to announce a public competition to design the 2018 Breast Cancer Awareness Commemorative Coins. This competition is open to U.S. citizens and permanent residents who are at least 18 years of age or older.
During Phase One of the competition, which will be open from August 1 – October 17, 2016, artists are encouraged to submit their contact information and three to five work samples using the online form…
26.) Farewell celebration for Hortensia von Roten
For more than a quarter of a century, Hortensia von Roten managed the coin collection of the Swiss National Museum and was responsible for the biggest collection of Swiss strikings world wide. But Hortensia von Roten was more than just a curator of a coin cabinet: She has deeply influenced the numismatic world domestically and internationally…
27.) First glimpse of Devon's Roman treasure hoard
Visitors to Exeter's Royal Albert Memorial Museum & Art Gallery will soon see a first glimpse of a few of the coins from the Seaton Down Hoard.
The Hoard of almost 23,000 Roman coins, which was discovered in East Devon, has just been purchased by the museum, thanks to donations and grants…
28.) Rare coins, currency on display at the Back Mountain Memorial Library in August
Max Cigarski, 9, son of Robert and Audrey Cigarski of Shavertown, will display his rare coin and currency collection at the Back Mountain Memorial Library in August.
Max has been collecting rare coins and currency for three years. "I think they are interesting. I have almost 700 items in my collection," Max said…
Upcoming Auctions & Events
29.) Pasco Coin Club Coin & Stamp Expo
The Pasco Coin Club Coin & Stamp Expo will take place on July 30 from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m., at the New Lakes Regency Park Civic Association, 8330 Civic Drive in New Port Richey[, Florida]. There will be coins, currency, bullion and jewelry bought, sold and appraised. Guests can register to win a one-ounce Silver Eagle. Admission and parking are free…
30.) Event marks anniversary of 'In God we Trust' motto
A Mindenmines business, In God We Trust LLC, will hold an event Saturday to mark the 60th anniversary of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's signing of a law establishing "In God we Trust" as the national motto of the United States. The phrase appears on all U.S. coins and currency…
31.) Rare penny coin set to fetch £115k at auction in 'once in a generation opportunity'
In 1933 the Royal Mint had no plans to produce any new penny coins as there were already plenty in people's pockets.
But a small number – believed to be seven – were produced following special requests for a commemorative coin to mark the year…
Worthy Additions to Your Library
32.) Württemberg Paper Money
The book combines two purposes: On the one hand it's a perfect catalog, a standard reference, which anybody who works with Württemberg paper money now should be quoting. On the other hand it also is a wonderful reading book, which can be consulted in order to get to know more about the exciting topic of banknotes – which is why the book is not only interesting to collectors of Württemberg currency…
World of the Weird
33.) "Stinky Cheese" Recovered From 17th-C. Swedish Shipwreck
Divers led by Lars Einarsson of the Kalmar County Museum have recovered a diamond ring, gold coins, and a black tin pot containing a thick, gooey substance that may be cheese from the Kronan, the seventeenth-century flagship of the Swedish navy…
We can see it now…
Reporter: Say, what's that? Next to the coins?
Diver 1: That? That's, uh… that's cheese.
Reporter: Cheese?
Diver 1: Oh yeah, it's cheese alright.
Diver 2: It's good, too. Try some! …
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The uncoupling of transgression from progress
For a book of only 126 pages, Kill All Normies covers a remarkable amount of ground. Inevitably, the argument is underdeveloped at points and it perhaps offers less empirical detail about the alt-right than it promises, largely restricting its analysis to the study of (relatively) high profile cases and the inferences that can be made from them. But the underlying thesis is a provocative one, moving beyond the hyper-specificity of online culture and placing these politicised developments in an historical context.
Nagle's argument is that the alt-right should be understood as an online politics of transgression, a cultural movement which has generated a political upheaval through a particular confluence of circumstances: internecine war with the 'Tumblr left', interaction with a more traditionally politicised far-right culture within online spaces and platform dynamics which have accelerated the development of this strange cultural mix. But at the root of it is an uncoupling of transgression from progressive politics. From pg 28:
Transgression has been embraced as a virtue within Western social liberalism ever since the 60s, typically applied today as it is in bell hooks' Teaching to Transgress. So elevated has the virtue of transgression become in the criticism of art, argued Kieran Cashell, that contemporary art critics have been faced with a challenge: 'either support transgression unconditionally or condemn the tendency and risk obsolescence amid suspicions of critical conservatism' as the great art critic Robert Hughes often was. But, Cashell wrote, on the value placed upon transgression in contemporary art: 'In the pursuit of the irrational, art has become negative, nasty and nihilistic.' Literary critic Anthony Julius has also noted the resulting 'unreflective contemporary endorsement of the transgressive'.
Those who claim that the new right-wing sensibility online today is just more of the same old right, undeserving of attention or differentiation, are wrong. Although it is constantly changing, in this important early stage of its appeal, its ability to assume the aesthetics of counterculture, transgression and nonconformity tells us many things about the nature of its appeal and about the liberal establishment it defines itself against. It has more in common with the 1968 left's slogan 'It is forbidden to forbid!' than it does with anything most recognize as part of any traditionalist right.
Her claim is that the association of transgression with the left has been predominately contingent, reflecting a past context in which new social movements organised against a broader culture which participants found stifling. We can see this in the "ease with which the broader alt-right and alt-light milieu can use transgressive styles" (pg 28) and the power incipient within the "new transgressive rightist sensibility" which has now begun to make itself felt politically (pg 33). While the transgressive sensibility strikes me as an inarguable feature of some of the cultural forms being subsumed under the category of 'alt-right', it is by no means true of all, though perhaps this points to the limitations of the category. There's a straight-forward empirical question here but one tied in fascinating ways to a much broader array of emerging issues in political theory, political philosophy and progressive politics.
alt-right, Archive, Fragile Movements and Their Politics Cultures, kill all normies, leftism, Post-Democracy, Depoliticisation and Technocracy, progress, rightism, The Content Ecosystem, The Political Economy of Digital Capitalism, Thinking, transgression


Is God like Jesus, or is Jesus like God?
People not believing in Santa Claus (the riddle of Santa). Not believe in Santa Claus . . . nobody sees Santa Claus, but that is no sign that there is no Santa Claus. Generosity and love are the most real things in the world, yet neither children or adults can see them!
Squeaknibble was a mouse who didn't believe in anything she hadn't seen, and she'd never seen a Cat.
'You're just trying to scare me," she told her parents. 'There are no cats."
Christmas Eve, Squeaknibble's mother put her to bed early so that Santa Claus could leave his presents while she was asleep. After the lights were out, Squeaknibble thought, "'I don't believe there is a Santa Claus. I've never seen him."
She left her bed and the safety of the family mouse hole to turn cartwheels on the living room rug.
Suddenly, a large shadowy figure loomed like a monster ghost all covered in white fur. The creature purred, "Don't be afraid, little mousie, it's only me, Santa Claus, come to bring you a present of delicious cheese."
"Oh," said Squeaknible, "how nice."
Christmas came and Christmas went, and little Squeaknibble was never seen again. And when the real Santa Claus came to the mouse hole, he reminded the other mice that nothing good has ever come of not believing in Santa Claus.
From One Minute Christmas Stories adapted by Shari Lewis and iIllustrated by Jan Palmer.