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Amicus Therapeutics Inc (FOLD) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript
Motley Fool Transcribers, The Motley Fool
Motley Fool February 28, 2019
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Amicus Therapeutics Inc (NASDAQ: FOLD)
Good day, ladies and gentlemen and welcome to Amicus Therapeutics Full-year 2018 Financial Results and Corporate Update Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. Instructions will follow at that time. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded.
I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Sara Pellegrino, Vice President of Investor Relation and Corporate Communication. You may begin.
Sara Pellegrino -- Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Communications
Thanks, Nicole. Good morning and thank you for joining our conference call to discuss Amicus Therapeutics' full year 2018 financial results and 2019 corporate highlights. Speaking on today's call, we have John Crowley, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Bradley Campbell, President and Chief Operating Officer; and Daphne Quimi, Chief Financial Officer. Dr. Jay Barth, Chief Medical Officer, is also here and Dr. Hung Do, Chief Science Officer, and Jeff Castelli, Chief Portfolio Officer and Head of Gene Therapy are participating from Philadelphia and available to participate in the Q&A session.
On this call, as referenced on Slide 2, we may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 relating to our business as well as our plans and prospects. Our forward-looking statements should not be regarded as representation by us that any of our plans will be achieved. Any or all of the forward-looking statements made on this call may turn out to be wrong and can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only to the date hereof.
All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statement and we undertake no obligation to revise or update the presentation or conference call to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof. For a full discussion of such forward-looking statements and risks and uncertainties that may impact them, we refer you to the forward-looking statements on Slide 2 of our full year 2018 results slide deck as well as the forward-looking statements and risk factors section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2018, to be filed later today with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
At this time, it is my pleasure to turn the call over to John Crowley, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Amicus. John?
John F. Crowley -- Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Great, thank you Sara. Good morning and welcome everyone to our full year 2018 results conference call. This is the third year we are holding our full-year results on the last day of February on Global Rare Disease Day, a true reflection of our dual mission of making a positive and meaningful impact for people living with rare diseases, as well as our important mission to drive shareholder value for all Amicus shareholders. The theme of this year's Global Rare Disease Day is bridging health and social care and that's a very relevant one for Amicus, focusing on bridging the gaps and the coordination between medical, social and support services in order to tackle the challenges that people living with rare diseases and their families around the world face every day. Indeed, Amicus strive every day to bridge these gaps through the commercialization and development of our portfolio of medicines for rare metabolic disorders as well as our strength in patient advocacy, our corporate citizenship and our other support services.
And beyond just the medicines we develop and deliver, our healing beyond disease initiative brings team Amicus into the rare disease communities to help bridge these gaps in very unique and extraordinary ways. Hopefully, throughout the course of this call today as you listen to our full year 2018 results and recent corporate updates, you'll understand even more deeply how Amicus contributes to this year's rare disease theme and to the rare disease communities every day, and how we are committed to our mission to build one of the great and enduring companies in all of biotechnology.
As we shift into our financial results and outlook, I'd like to draw your attention to Slide 4 to note the highlights that I first outlined in early January. The first is the extraordinary success we've had with the launch of our precision medicine Galafold for Fabry disease. At the end of last year, more than 650 people living with Fabry disease with amenable GLA variants also referred to as genetic mutations, were taking this precision medicine as their only treatment for Fabry disease.
As Brad will detail in a moment, with the strength of our global launch, including the continued very strong momentum in the early stages of our U.S. launch and our continued launch in Japan in other geographies, we are highly confident in our full year 2019 guidance range.
Indeed, based on the continued exceptionally strong trends that we're seeing globally for Galafold in the first two months of this year, we believe that the potential for achieving this range significantly exceeds any downside risks. We are also even more confident now with our pathway to drive Galafold sales toward $500 million by 2023 and to a $1 billion plus addressable Galafold market in 2028 with the potential to positively impact thousands of people living with Fabry disease are amenable to this novel precision medicine.
The second pillar is AT-GAA for Pompe disease, our novel biologic combined with a pharmacological chaperone. In February at the WORLD symposium in Orlando, we presented Phase 1/2 data out to 24 months in persons living with Pompe disease, some of whom were confined to wheelchairs, some still with the ability to walk and the group who had previously been on treatment and others new to treatment. The effect of AT-GAA continues to impress and to be persistent and durable.
A vast majority of patients in this study receiving AT-GAA have improved in their muscle strength and muscle function. And earlier this week, as I will highlight later on the call, we announced that the US FDA granted breakthrough therapy designation or BTD for AT-GAA in late onset Pompe disease, a significant accomplishment for team Amicus and the patients, physicians and collaborators, who have worked with us to advance AT-GAA to be the next potential standard of care as quickly as possible again with the potential $1 billion to $2 billion peak sales opportunity.
Our third pillar is our Gene Therapy portfolio, of 14 gene therapy programs, two of which are clinical stage programs, which we acquired during the second half of last year through two strategic transactions with Nationwide Children's Hospital and doctors Brian Kaspar and Kathrin Meyer and also through a major research collaboration with Dr. Jim Wilson's team at the Orphan Disease Center at the University of Pennsylvania. And now with the announcement this week of our new global research in Gene Therapy Center of Excellence located in Philadelphia, adjacent to UPenn, we further advance our commitment to world-class science through gene therapy that will make a meaningful difference in the lives of people living with these life-threatening condition and that have the potential to one day lead to cures. And again, we see our gene therapy programs at Amicus potentially leading to more than $1 billion in peak recurring annual revenue.
Our fourth pillar continues to be our financial strength. We have always been stewards of our balance sheet and ensuring we are properly funded, but we're judicious in investing appropriately in the right programs and technologies. We began 2019 with more than $500 million cash on hand. Our runway is sufficient to fund our operational plan at least until mid 2021, advancing us several years closer toward our 2023 vision to treat 5,000 patients with Amicus medicines and to achieve $1 billion plus in global revenue, which would be on par with today's leading global rare disease biotech companies.
Turning to Slide 5. As I highlighted in our press release this morning, we have five key strategic priorities for this year, 2019 and we are well on track to achieving or exceeding all of them. First strategic priority, for Galafold, our precision medicine for Fabry. Again, we expect to nearly double annual revenue in 2019. Again based on what we are seeing thus far into the first quarter of this year, we are highly confident in achieving our full year guidance. Second, Pompe continues to be incredibly important for Amicus and with the recent BTD, there is a lot of momentum right now for this program and an enormous amount of activity here at Amicus.
We also expect this year to complete enrollment in the pivotal study, which we're calling the PROPEL study, as well as provide additional Phase 1/2 data from Cohort 4, and the public scope disclosure of the natural history of Pompe patients on currently approved ERT standard of care.
Third, we now have two gene therapy programs in the clinic in two different types of Batten disease. We expect very important data in the middle of this year in the CLN6 Batten program in additional patients at two years following a one-time administration of our gene therapy. We also expect to complete enrollment of the ongoing CLN3 Batten disease clinical study. The initial child with CLM3 Batten disease in that study continues to participate with no serious adverse events -- no serious adverse events to-date, following a single one time administration of the gene therapy at the end of last year. Our fourth goal is to achieve preclinical proof of concept for our Fabry and Pompe gene therapy programs, likely of science meetings and in peer-reviewed publications.
A lot of work is now well under way in collaboration with Dr. Wilson and his scientists at UPenn, together with our Research and Gene Therapy team in Philadelphia. And five again, we will always maintain a strong financial position here at Amicus.
So with that is the overview. Let me now hand the call over to Bradley Campbell, our President and Chief Operating Officer to highlight the Galafold launch. Brad?
Bradley L. Campbell -- President and Chief Operating Officer
Thanks, John. Good morning everyone. Let me begin on Slide 7 with a snapshot of the Galafold launch through December 31st. First, as John mentioned, we're very pleased with the strong adoption for Galafold in 2018, including new countries such as Japan, the United States and Canada and we remain very confident that this strength will continue in 2019 during our first full year of launch in these major markets and also as we enter new markets around the world. Our full year revenue in 2018 was $91.2 million, which is a year-over-year increase of approximately 147% from fiscal year 2017.
And as we move through our first quarter, we continue to see exceptionally strong momentum in new markets, including the United States and Japan as well as in our more mature markets. Let me provide a little qualitative color in the different regions around the world. We do continue to see growth across the EU5 in Europe more broadly, and in more mature markets such as Germany and the UK, we see an increasing proportion of previously untreated patients come onto Galafold.
This is right in line with our strategy for initial adoption and switch patients followed by uptake in previously untreated patients. In the United States, we continue to see significant increase in patients on Galafold from a continuing, growing and very wide prescriber base. We've got a balanced mix of male and female patients with both switch and previously untreated patients, who have amenable variance. We've obtained broad reimbursement coverage and continue to make great progress with payers, experiencing shorter and shorter times toward moving from prescription to patients receiving drug.
And finally across all markets, we continue to see an exceptionally high rate of compliance and adherence to this oral treatment option. Turning now to our guidance on Slide 8, now that we're about two-thirds through this first quarter and with the strength in the commercial metrics I just described, we are highly confident in our guidance range of $160 million to $180 million for this year and by the end of the year, we expect that more than 1,000 people living with Fabry will be taking Galafold as their only treatment for Fabry disease. This would be a fantastic achievement for Amicus and will represent a meaningful impact on how Fabry disease is treated around the world.
On Slide 9, we continue to believe that Fabry, maybe one of the most under and misdiagnosed human genetic disorders in the world with continued growth expected in the Fabry population through newborn screening and other diagnostic initiatives. We believe we can get to as John mentioned, $500 million in potential sales by 2023 with a $1 billion plus addressable market opportunity in 2028.
With that, let me hand the call back to John to provide an update on our pipeline programs.
Great, thanks, Brad. I'm on Slide 11. And as we look to our Pompe program, I'd just like to take a moment to highlight the importance of the Breakthrough Therapy designation recently granted to a AT-GAA in Late Onset Pompe Disease. Here on this slide, I'll highlight what BTD is, the basis for AT-GAA receiving BTD and the specific features that BTD provides.
First, by definition to receive a Breakthrough Therapy Designation, there must be preliminary clinical evidence indicating that the drug may demonstrate substantial improvement on a clinically significant endpoint over available therapies. And in the case of Pompe disease, we believe significant unmet need remains despite an approved therapy. For AT-GAA, the BTD is based on clinical efficacy results from the ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical study, including improvements in six-minute walk distance in late onset Pompe patients in comparison to natural history of treated patients.
And now with this BTD for AT-GAA, it will facilitate multi-disciplinary, comprehensive discussions of the AT-GAA development program with the FDA, including planned clinical trials and plans for expediting manufacturing development strategy. We are also eligible for all fast-tracked features, including the potential for a rolling BLA and priority review. This BTD together with our results from the ongoing Phase 1/2 study and the ongoing propelled pivotal study support our strategy to advance AT-GAA as quickly as possible with the potential to become the new standard of care for people living with Pompe disease.
In addition to the more frequent and intense dialog with the FDA on this program and also all of the initiatives that may advance this medicine to Pompe patients as quickly as possible with this BTD, we also believe that the BTD represents an important acknowledgment of the great unmet need that exist for patients with Pompe disease, despite an approved ERT. And also, the significance of the data that we have shown to-date as compared to the natural history of people on the ERT standard of care.
The baseline remains that the pivotal PROPEL study will be the basis to support full approval of AT-GAA. We remain laser-focused on enrolling the PROPEL study and doing what we need to do to further build out our body of data for AT-GAA. Based on regulatory feedback from both the FDA and the European Medicines Agency, we expect that the AT-GAA development plan, including a planned pediatric study will support a broad indication for ERT switch and treatment-naive Pompe patients in adults, as well as in children.
Moving to Slide 12. Let me reiterate here a number of objectives for our Pompe program, the AT-GAA program. We've already made great strides in just the first few months of the year with our data presentations at the WORLD Symposium on Orlando, in addition to the announcement of the Breakthrough Therapy designation. For the remainder of this year, we will concentrate on the PROPEL study enrollment, on the additional Phase 1/2 and natural history data, on supportive studies, including our open-label pediatric study initiation, as well as the advancement of our agreed-upon CMC requirements and the continued important related manufacturing work with -- for AT-GAA with our partners at WuXi Biologics.
And while we engage with regulators frequently throughout this process and now we've been more so with the Breakthrough Therapy designation, we will not provide any color or expectations on any pending or future regulatory interactions until after they've occurred and only if they materially impact our assumptions from the base case.
So moving now to Gene Therapy on Slide 14. Let me highlight here that we now have a leading portfolio in the lysosomal storage disorders or LSDs, including 14 gene therapy programs. This strongly positions Amicus to become the consolidator of some of the greatest gene therapy technologies, products and minds in the field, including Dr. Jim Wilson at UPenn and Dr. Brian Kaspar from Nationwide Children's Hospital. Through our partnership with Nationwide, we have 10 programs in the neurologic LSDs, two of which are now in the clinic.
Indeed on this on Rare Disease Day, we can reflect on all of the diseases for which there are no available treatments and think about the new programs in our pipeline and the potential to offer hope to people who in too many cases, particularly children living with these diseases believe that they no longer have hope. Up to 10,000 children that we estimate are living with a rare neurologic LSD that maybe addressable to the Amicus portfolio. That's an addition to our strong collaboration with Dr. Jim Wilson at Penn, that focuses on Fabry, Pompe, CDKL5 deficiency disorder or CDD. Where our team in Philadelphia now work across the street and in close collaboration with Dr. Wilson's team to advance these programs as quickly as possible.
As outlined on the next Slide, Number 15, 2019 is a very important year of execution for us in gene therapy across these program and this R&D engine for future growth. By the end of the year in terms of data we anticipate having additional two-year data in our CLN6 Batten disease study, as well as proof of concept for our Fabry and Pompe gene therapy programs.
Slide 16 -- On Slide 16, here you will find a rendering of the new Amicus Global Research and Gene Therapy Center of Excellence. It's located in uCity Square, overlooking the UPenn campus in Philadelphia. This, as many of you know, is a burgeoning hub for medical breakthroughs. The establishment of this center for Amicus is an important next step in the evolution of our science, research in gene therapy capabilities, which greatly advances our commitment to world-class science that makes a meaningful difference in the lives of people living with rare metabolic diseases.
The new facility in Philadelphia is being led by Dr. Jeff Castelli, our Chief Portfolio Officer and the newly appointed Head of Gene Therapy; as well as our Chief Science Officer, Dr. Hung Do. Together Jeff and Hung will serve the headquarters for the global Amicus Science organization and the gene therapy leadership team. We are honored to be a part of the exciting Philadelphia research community and we look forward to fostering collaboration to significantly contribute to our role in advancing further medical innovation.
Slide 18. To summarize here we list all of our upcoming milestones for 2019 that we anticipate across our portfolio. These are also highlighted in this morning's press release and are all on track with several already achieved. At Amicus, we have key organizational strength as well that provide us with a strategic advantage to build the next great leading global biotechnology company in rare diseases. And again, this fits with the notion that we are building one of the great and enduring companies in biotechnology.
Over the next several quarters in 2019, on these calls, I will plan to highlight different teams at Amicus that are driving us toward our vision, beginning with our commercial organization on this call. In future quarters, I'll plan to highlight our technical operations and quality organizations, our global clinical development and regulatory affairs teams, and our science and research teams, and of course throughout our patient advocacy focus.
So with that turning to Slide 20. Let me first emphasize that we are a global organization with a presence now in all four major regions around the world, including a presence in 27 countries with a direct presence in 20 of them and Amicus offices in 11 countries around the world. The reach and breadth of our footprint is remarkable when you think that just a few short years ago in 2015, Amicus in total had fewer than 200 employees operating out of our one location here in New Jersey. Then we took the decision to commercialize Galafold on our own and have now built an organization of more than 600 total global employees, including more than 150 Amicus employees who support the Galafold business around the world.
And with the strength of our clinical development in patient advocacy and medical affairs team, we have now laid we believe the groundwork for developing and delivering a global rare disease portfolio that will create even more value with each additional product we can deliver globally for people living with rare diseases.
The second aspect I'd like to highlight on Slide 21, is the tremendous team of entrepreneurs that brings the utmost passion for patients and for our mission to bring great new medicines to people living with rare diseases. Among these individuals, there is extensive experience from leading organizations within the orphan disease space and from biotechnology more broadly, who have built very successful multi-product franchises around these diseases, with significant unmet need. This diversity created an optimal combination that not only prepared us to launch Galafold, but have now established Amicus within the LSD field and position us for our longer-term success and move us toward our greater vision.
Third, as we see here on Slide 22, is part of our success that is truly the result of the qualities of Galafold in our efforts to drive the science. Again Galafold is a truly differentiated product. As the first oral treatment option for Fabry patients with amenable variance or mutations, and the unique website where physicians can determine whether the patients mutations are eligible for treatment with Galafold. The team worked tirelessly to educate physicians about this new treatment approach and to drive the science behind Fabry disease. In addition, we are building further data through our followME registry, post marketing and investigator-initiated studies and publications.
Again the credibility and relationships this team has built within the Fabry and lysosomal storage disease space through these efforts, will support our future programs and we think will continue to be a strategic advantage for Amicus and a very differentiating feature for our Company.
And finally Slide 23. We have a corporate responsibility and a broad commitment to market access, which has been the key to our success based on our core value that our medicines must be fairly priced and broadly accessible. For Galafold, this means we have generally priced at parity to ERT within each market, which then saves the system, the cost associated with the infusions. We believe this has translated into a meaningful value proposition for reimbursement authorities and that it has led to rapid access in reimbursement for Galafold in markets around the world.
In the United States, we introduced the Amicus PROMISE and in that PROMISE, we pledged that we would never raise the price of our medicines, Galafold in this case, above consumer inflation annually, which again has been very well received by payers and we are supporting patients throughout their Galafold journey through our in-house Amicus Assist patient services group, including various financial assistance, mechanisms for qualifying persons to help ensure broad access to Galafold.
We have also made a commitment in AMICUS Pledge to reinvest a portion of our revenue from Galafold back into the Fabry disease community specifically to Fabry research and development until there is a cure for this disease. This pledge is already under way, through our Fabry gene therapy program with UPenn, which we initiated last year.
So together, just to summarize, I'll turn it over to Daphne, just in a moment. I think that all of these efforts and initiatives, highlight our broad commercial organization and our capabilities that are a key part of our success with Galafold and also laid the foundation for our future growth. And I think it also reflects the essence of what we're building here at Amicus.
So with that, and thank you for indulging me and just highlighting a very important organizational strength of Amicus. Let me now pass the call over to Daphne to discuss the financials for the full year. Daphne?
Daphne Quimi -- Chief Financial Officer
Thank you, John and good morning everyone. Our financial overview begins on Slide 25 with our income statement for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2018. For the full-year 2018, we recorded Galafold revenue of $91.2 million, 147% increase over 2017. Cost of goods sold includes manufacturing costs as well as royalties associated with sales of our product. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of net sales was 15.8% for the full year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to 16.9% for the prior full-year period. We continue to make significant investments in R&D and manufacturing with the ongoing pivotal study and commercial scale up in our Pompe program, as well as the expansion of our Gene Therapy portfolio and capabilities.
During the full year 2018, we recorded $270.9 million in R&D expense, which as a reminder, includes the upfront payment of $100 million for the Celenex asset acquisition. This compares to $149.3 million for the prior full-year period. Total selling, general and administrative expense for the full-year 2018 was $127.2 million as compared to $88.7 million for the prior full-year period. The increase represents the expanded geographic scope of the ongoing Galafold commercial launch, including initial launch activities in Japan and the United States. Net loss for the full-year 2018 was $349 million or $1.88 per share, compared to a net loss of $284 million or $1.85 per share for the prior full-year period. At December 31, 2018, we had approximately 189.4 million shares outstanding.
Moving onto Slide 26, a few comments about our current cash position and 2019 financial guidance. Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $504.2 million on December 31, 2018, compared to $358.6 million at December 31, 2017. In addition, net cash spend was $196.3 million for the full-year 2018, which was below full-year 2018 net cash and guidance of $200 million to $225 million.
Looking at the remainder of 2019, we are reaffirming our full-year Galafold revenue guidance of $160 million to $180 million. Taking into account our anticipated investments as well as anticipated Galafold revenue, we expect to have approximately $300 million in cash on the balance sheet at the end of 2019. This projected year-end cash balance reflects all ongoing investments in our operations, including Pompe manufacturing scale-up, as well as facilities, including our new Global Research and Gene Therapy Center of Excellence in Philadelphia.
With our current cash position and the continued revenue from sales of Galafold, we have sufficient capital to fund ongoing operations into at least mid 2021. As we have noted in the past, potential business development collaborations, pipeline expansion and investment in manufacturing capabilities could impact our future capital requirements. This summarizes our key financials for full-year 2018. Additional details can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which will be filed later today.
I'm happy to address any questions during the Q&A. But for now, I will turn it back to John.
Great. Thanks, Daphne. Great job. After exceeding our objectives in 2018, we started this year with great momentum. And I am tremendously proud of the hard work from all of the Amicus employees around the world that advance our mission every day. And I look forward to providing updates to our investors on our progress we are making throughout this year. As you can see on this slide, we are well on our way to achieving our 2023 vision to treat 5,000 patients.
With that, I'll hand the call over to the operator for any questions. Thank you.
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) And our first question comes from Anupam Rama from JPMorgan. Your line is now open.
Anupam, we don't hear you.
Anupam Rama -- JPMorgan -- Analyst
Sorry, hello can you hear me.
Hi, we can hear you now. Yes.
Sorry, sorry about that.
That's OK.
Thanks for taking the question. I'm just thinking about the midyear CLN6 update. Can you remind us of the size and scope of the data, we will be getting and kind of in your mind, what's a win scenario for this data update? Thanks so much.
I'll comment, and then ask Jay Barth or Jeff Castelli to add any color. Again, we have a dozen patients who received the gene therapy in this CLN6 Batten program they received from Nationwide. We expect to have data out to two years in this, about half of these patients by the middle of this year. And we think that's a very important point. That's a point where there is clear separation from the natural history.
If you remember, we had shown data out to two years in the first two patients treated. One patient who looked -- was quite older when she received it and she looked to have generally stabilized on the Hamburg scale and then the other patient who is her younger sister, who received it when she was quite young, I think, she is about 2.5 years old or so, and she actually completely stabilized over that couple of year period.
We think that data is incredibly exciting, and it is part of what gives us great hope that this gene therapy has the potential to really change the trajectory of the disease. So I think, by the middle of the year we'd hope to see, certainly in the younger children a similarly profound response and hopefully some measure of durability. We're also working with some of the key investigators in the world to assemble the natural history data there and we would hope in the second half of this year to be able to have that natural history data to compare to what we're seeing in this study.
Jay, Jeff anything to add?
Jay A. Barth -- Chief Medical Officer
Hi. Thank you. It's Jay. You described it extremely well. The two-year time point, which is what we have said is really a meaningful time point. We only had that on the two patients that we discussed initially, but more to come. Approximately six by mid-year. And that's where you can really determine an effect of that. As John was describing, is one of stabilization, it's a terribly progressive disease leading to disability and compared to the natural history we are looking for retaining -- patient's retaining abilities, motor function, language function and so on. And that's what we're looking to see in the year for about six patients.
Jeff P. Castelli -- Chief Portfolio Officer
Yes, I mean, just to be clear on. We want to see striking results. So then when we look at the data when we see the evaluations on the patients, when we look at maybe internally at least, it is night and day from what you would expect from the course of this just awful, awful disease. I mean this is a disease where kids usually by five, six years old can't walk. It robs them of the ability to perform many motor functions, the ability to think and life expectancies, usually in CLN6 helped to nine, 10 years of age if that just devastating disease, and a disease that only really manifest in children because no one ever lives into adulthood. So, we really want to see something pretty profound here.
Awesome. Thanks for taking the question guys.
Great. Thank you Anupam.
Thank you. And our next question comes from Tazeen Ahmad from Bank of America. Your line is now open.
Tazeen Ahmad -- Bank of America -- Analyst
Hi, good morning guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Just wanted to ask you, John, I think, in your prepared remarks you talked about what you think the opportunity could be over time for Galafold and I think you had said about $500 million or so by 2023. Just wanted to get some more color on how your team is coming to that number and assumptions you might be making about? For example, what percentage of that would be U.S. versus ex-U.S. patients and how would that ramp if you're able to provide color compared to the ramp that ERT has had over the last several years? Thanks.
Sure. I'm going to turn most of that over to Brad. Only to say that, what we've seen in the international markets as part of what gives us confidence in putting that financial goal out there. Earlier this year the $500 million by 2023 and the potential by 2028 for a Galafold addressable market of $1 billion. This year, 2019 is going to be really important, Tazeen. Because it's the first full year of launch in the United States, Japan and all the major markets of Europe. I think this year will really establish firmly with that launch curve is over the next several years. So maybe, Brad do you want to describe what we've got to increasing confidence in that?
Yes, thanks Tazeen for the questions. What I think, would be most helpful is to first highlight what we see as the big growth drivers over the next few years, which I think gets you to the 2023 time point and share a little bit of sort of distribution of those patients. And then I can talk a little bit about the long-term market growth we see the $1 billion plus up market opportunity over the next decade.
So just from a growth driver's perspective, and I think we've talked about this before, the major growth drivers over the next couple of years, this year, of course, continuing to see launch progress in the U.S. and Japan, which are the two largest single markets from a Fabry perspective, but also expect to see continued growth in our major European markets, both in terms of market share, but also, as I mentioned on the call, a higher rate of diagnosed untreated patients coming on board.
And then there are a collective of kind of mid-size markets, the Australias, Canadas, Central European markets of the world, that are also launched and will be collectively a significant driver of growth. And then really the big regions that are untapped for us right now are Latin America and countries like Turkey, et cetera where we have some name-patient sales opportunities, but really haven't seen a major launch there and so we see 2020 and 2021 as expansion into those regions. So lots of just really big fundamental growth drivers for the business out over the next few years.
As it relates to distribution of business, essentially the U.S. is 25% to 27% of the global business today; Europe is 35% plus; and then rest of world as the remainder, although Japan make 12% or 15% of the global ERT business. So that's generally how the marketplace today. I don't know if we would anticipate much of a difference in that, perhaps a slightly higher distribution in the U.S. at peak. But I think for now -- for the future, I think those growth driver is where I'd focus.
And then in the long term, we've said before and we're not the only ones saying it, Fabry is clearly a significantly under-diagnosed and misdiagnosed disease. We see a greater contribution of newborn screening, which drives both diagnosis growth, but also clearly there has been a significant growth in just enzyme replacement therapy sales over the last decade and continuing forward.
If you look out to toward, sort of, 2028 or so we estimate our total amenable patient population. So those are patients that are in kind of our global commercial footprint with an amenable mutation of between, call it 4,500 patients to 6,700 patients. And that's how you be get to that billion-dollar market opportunity. So, hopefully that gives you a flavor of how we see the market progressing over time and our opportunities within that market.
Okay. Great. Thanks, Brad.
Thanks Tazeen.
Thank you. And our next question comes from Irina Margine from Cowen. Your line is now open.
Irina Margine -- Cowen -- Analyst
Hi guys, good morning. And thank you for taking my question. I was wondering, just to follow up on the previous question. Maybe if you could comment on the magnitude of update you are seeing with Galafold among naive patients in the U.S. and how that might differ from dynamic in the EU willingness treat in anyway difference between the different geographies? Thank you.
Yes, it's a great question and one that we're following very closely. Remember, and as I highlighted on the call, our strategy in the U.S. and in Europe has been focused on the switch patients first. They're the patients who are already in the system, getting a treatment for Fabry disease are already receiving reimbursement. And as we focused on switch first and that's where we see the fastest uptick. And in Europe, we saw an initially relatively slow uptick in diagnosed untreated patients. But as we get to higher maturity, as we get to higher market shares of switch patients, we are seeing an increased growth in diagnosed untreated patients coming onto Galafold and that's right in line with our strategy.
The way the United States is slightly different there is -- and it's still early days. So we continue to watch this. But whereas most markets have an equal number of diagnosed untreated patients as patients who are diagnosed and treated. It does look like in the U.S. that number of diagnosed untreated patients may be larger. So it may be a larger pool of patients. But you also, I think have a slightly higher awareness in the patient population, here in the United States and perhaps you did in Europe. And in the early days, we're seeing a slightly faster uptick in the diagnosed untreated patients.
Now we still see the majority of patients coming on Galafold in the U.S. are switch patients, but the rate is perhaps slightly higher in the diagnosed untreated. So that's a dynamic we will continue to watch. And again, it's right on our launch strategy. So more to come in the quarters ahead.
Great. Thank you so much. And my second question relates to retrospective natural history data, that's coming later in the year. Could you guys give us some color in terms of the type of detail that we should expect and whether the key measures and perhaps the length of follow up in that data set? Thank you so much.
Sure. Just to be clear, your'e talking about the natural history data that we've collected for Pompe disease, right?
Yes. Jay, maybe just speak to the parameters of what we're looking at.
Yes, we are looking clearly at the key endpoints of importance, the ones that we have measured in the Phase 2 study, focusing a lot on the six-minute walk test, is a primary endpoint. And it's also the primary endpoint that we're carrying forward into our PROPEL study. So clearly that data is going to be critical. But we're looking at all available natural history data in treated patients.
Thanks, so much guys.
Thank you. And our next question comes from Mike Ulz from Baird. Your line is now open.
Mike Ulz -- Baird -- Analyst
Hey guys, thanks for taking the question. Maybe, just another one for Brad here. You provided some nice color on the trends you're seeing with the Galafold launch in U.S. and Europe. Maybe you can just make a few comments on what you're seeing in Japan and maybe how that compares to U.S. and Europe? Thanks.
Yes, sure. Japan is going really well. We are -- the last update we gave is that we had double-digit patients in -- on driving Japan and that was the last update from last year and -- we'll continue to put patients on drug there. From a market dynamics perspective, it slightly different in the sense that more -- a far greater percentage of diagnosed patients are treated in Japan, so it's primarily a switch opportunity and again that's right in our strategy. We have a very motivated team, very experienced team, we had a fantastic launch meeting last year with all the top KOLs, who attended. And as you might remember Galafold came out of technology from Japan. And so there is -- I think, there's a lot of reasons why Japan will continue to be an important market for us.
Great, thank you.
Thank you, Mike.
Thank you. And our next question comes from Mohit Bansal from Citi. Your line is now open.
Mohit Bansal -- Citi -- Analyst
Great. Thanks for taking my question and very good morning. And also congrats on all the progress. Maybe, if I may ask one question regarding the patient count, I've noticed that you usually provide the snapshot of patient count and it is not like, you don't have patient counts and this is like, just wondering if this is going to be the case going forward or you are going to provide quarterly update? I'm asking because that my fancy monthly bill would be less useful? Thank you.
Oh. Sure Mohit. So we -- the slides here we're just showing annual. So we did indicate -- we ended the year with just over 650 patients on Galafold and we're expecting to end this year 2019 with just over 1,000 patients. We don't expect now that we've got such better handle on the financials here and I think that's a more important metric. We're going to be providing the financial results every quarter, and other important trends like the number of prescribers, the breadth of the prescription base, patient referral forms in the U.S. I think those are important metrics. The challenge is getting a lot of granularity -- actually patient numbers quarter-to-quarter is increasingly difficult. But we can -- we feel very confident that we can get it within a range on an annual basis. Is that helpful?
Yes. That has. And then if I may ask on the manufacturing plant that now that you are actually building up your own gene therapy hub in Philadelphia. Could you please help me understand how you are thinking about manufacturing now then you start all those clinical trials and then eventually commercial, just if you can give me some kind of framework how you're thinking about it? Thank you.
Great question. I think for our gene therapy work going forward, a lot of it, of course, will be anchored with Jay Barth and his group in clinical operations, research, regulatory affairs and medical affairs. But two parts, we wanted to substantially invest in at Amicus to grow our capabilities in gene therapy.
Part one is what we announced this week and that's our Global Research and Gene Therapy Center of Excellence. That's where the science and the research are going to occur in Philadelphia. And as you saw it, its going to be a 75,000 square foot state-of-the-art facility. The top 3 floors of a brand new research tower, it just opened a couple of months ago, right on Market Street in Philadelphia, right across from UPenn, adjacent to Dr. Wilson's labs, that will be a very, very important global research center for Amicus.
We also expect to open this year a global manufacturing and technology operations and innovation center. We're currently finalizing our evaluation of locations for that center and we expect that to have all of our late process development for gene therapy manufacturing and our own gene therapy manufacturing capacity and capabilities.
And this actually, I think is one of the great strategic advantages for Amicus coming into the gene therapy space in such a strong way here. We have about 100 people at Amicus of our 600 people, in technical operations and in quality, much of that team has been developing our Pompe AT-GAA program. As you know, one of the world's most complicated glycosylated biologics. A lot of that biologic experience, we believe, can serve as the foundation for our move into gene therapy manufacturing.
So we think that could be an incredibly important asset and strategic driver for Amicus. In addition to that, we are now finalizing our agreements with some of the leading contract manufacturers. So again to remind you, we are moving from the academic manufacturer for the Batten programs and the lysosomal disorder neurologic programs from the Academic Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital into these leading contract manufacturing organizations. And in parallel, we are building our own Amicus capabilities and capacity in manufacturing.
Very helpful. Thank you very much.
Thank you, Mohit. Have a great day.
Thank you. And our next question comes from Whitney Ijem from Guggenheim. Your line is now open.
Whitney Ijem -- Guggenheim -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning. First, I just wanted to follow up on CLN6, for the mid-year update. Just to clarify, will we get data out to two years only or will we get additional follow-up for the patients that have it beyond two years?
We will provide the data that's available at that time. So it's at least two years for about six patients.
Okay, got it. And then, are there specific medical meetings that we should have on our radar for that update mid-year?
I think, in -- give us a couple of months, Whitney, we're outlining that now. I think, in our May earnings call, the Q1 earnings call, we could provide some more, more guidance around that.
Okay. And then just last quick one. Back on Galafold and kind of longer-term market opportunity. I think, you had a slide in one of your decks earlier this year talking about the -- I guess, the rate of misdiagnosis in different categories based on screening studies. And two that were, particular in that were MS and IBS. So are you -- is full sort of -- or Amicus doing any sort of active outreach or screening in those settings to find patients?
Yes, very much. Brad?
Yes, we actually kicked off a pretty comprehensive initiative this year focusing on a whole host of areas within the Fabry disease space, looking at ways that we can support the community in improving and enhancing both diagnosis, but have also of course addressing misdiagnosis. And so for example, we do have a number of investigator-initiated studies that are looking at some of those high-risk populations. And that is one that's come to our attention. And as you said, we've shared some of that pain clinics, IBS, et cetera. And so, yes, we are supporting that this year and a number of other initiatives as well. And as we hopefully drive that science and get results from those studies, we will certainly share them with the community.
Thanks, Whitney.
Thank you. And our next question comes from Kristen Kluska from Cantor Fitzgerald. Your line is now open.
Kristen Kluska -- Cantor Fitzgerald -- Analyst
Good morning and thanks for taking my question. Of the 200 employees you've communicated could work at the Global Research and Gene Therapy Center in Philadelphia. Could you breakdown, how many of these employees could be split across different departments and of the 200 people how many do you anticipate would be new hires?
Sure. So -- the one part of Amicus that we -- that has maintained a pretty steady state over the last four years of our growth has been our science organization. And that's largely because the lot of the early work that they get done on Galafold and in AT-GAA was transitioning to later-stage development and a lot of that work was supportive of that.
But now with our move into gene therapy, Kristen, we really want to invest in science. And science has always been at the core of Amicus. So we have right now about 35 people in our Core Science and Research Organization. Substantial number of those -- the majority of those have relocated already to Philadelphia into the temporary lab space in that building at 36/75 Market Street. So the vast majority of that over the next couple of years will be new hires and again that's already budgeted for and that's in our financial runway, as well.
In terms of the breakout expect of those 200 people at our Global Research and Gene Therapy Center of Excellence, the vast majority of those will be scientists. We also expect to have some members of our technical operations team in Philadelphia working primarily on the early stage process development, getting that science ready for manufacturer and ultimately then hand of either to a CMO or to our later stage process development in our own Amicus manufacturing team. And then we'll also have small numbers of people under Jeff Castelli at the Global Center and also throughout our organization with some dual reporting that we'll have -- will be focused on clinical regulatory patient advocacy, some of the other business functions as well. So, we did not want to set up a stand-alone business unit. We think it needs to be fully integrated as part of team Amicus. But we set up this Center of Excellence model.
And I think, you'll see that at Amicus. Again, we have our international headquarters and International Center of Excellence. We just opened that couple of weeks ago, actually in Marlow in the United Kingdom, just outside London. So we now have our Philadelphia facility for research. And I would expect in the months ahead that we'll see an announcement of that Amicus Center of Excellence for Gene Therapy Manufacturing.
Great. Thank you, John.
Thanks, Christian. Have a good day.
Thank you. And our next question comes from Salveen Richter from Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open.
Maryanne Braverman -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Yes. Hi. Thanks for taking the questions Maryanne Braverman(ph)for Salveen. Congrats on all the progress. Great -- very encouraging. I have a couple of questions. One of them for the AT-GAA program. What is the CMC requirements that are still sort of in process of being completed for the Phase 3 and what is the work that you basically expect to do there in the next couple of years?
Yes, I'll let Brad to handle the manufacturing question.
Sure. As we've mentioned before that I think, the most important thing we've done over the last few years is that successful scale up to the 1,000-liter scale, now having being -- having manufactured of GMP scale that material has been released to the clinic. We've shown and demonstrated comparability to the 250-liter scale. So that was a decision we took years ago that we needed to make sure that by the time we started the Phase 3 study that we had the commercial scale available and we've done that successfully.
From a regulatory perspective, as you might imagine, there are number of pieces, but really the biggest one is the PPQ runs or process performance, qualification runs. And as we've said before, those will be part of any submission and will be part of the discussions that we have with regulators over time. We haven't given specifics about when exactly we'll start and complete those runs. But rest assured, we'll be well prepared for them.
Got it. Thank you. Very helpful. And another question I had actually I was wondering about the data that was presented at muscle for the -- general for the -- forced vital capacity predicted volume. I was wondering why is it going down for the ERT switch population. If you could give some color of how you're thinking about it? Thank you.
Yes, I'll turn it to Jay. It is actually not coming down. We actually saw a nice trend back toward baseline with the 24-month data, which was very encouraging. Jay, I'll let you comment.
I think that's exactly right. What we showed and what we've said is for the ERT switch population. Again these are patients who have been on the standard of care for an average of five years prior to switching. So they -- and patients who've been on treatment that long, generally are declining in, in the various functions that you measure. Pretty far along in their disease. And we were able to show stabilization. This is now two-year data. There is some variability. of course. There is going to be a difference between month 12 and 18, and 24. But now we have a firm grasp of the data two years and it really is stable. And that's probably about as good as you can get for these patients, who would have been declining otherwise, stabilizing.
And along with that we showed in the naive patients, who have not been treated before a quite robust increase in their FEC and their pulmonary function tests. And I really think that shows the ability of AT-GAA to have a pretty profound effect on their function and we saw that, also in the motor function of course in the six-minute walk increasing in both groups. So I think, all the results are pretty much as we expected and as good as they could be for these different populations.
Got it. Thank you very helpful. Would the ERT-naive basically data will be a better comparison with the natural history? Is that the thinking?
It depends which -- natural history could be in untreated patients. Then, of course, naive patients you compared to those. We also used the term natural history to refer to patients who have been on treatment. And the natural history that we are talking about later in this year are primarily in treated patients -- patients who are treated with standard of care, you can also on historical controls. And will be mainly comparing our ERT experience ambulatory patients to the natural history data.
Thank you. And I'm not showing any further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back to John Crowley, Chairman and CEO, for any further remarks.
Great. Thank you, operator. Thank you everybody for listening. Have a great day.
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for your participation in today's conference. This concludes today's program. You may all disconnect. Everyone have a great day.
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text:
Husband charged with murder of pregnant Deal woman Debbie Griggs 20 years after her death
Andrew Griggs, 56, has been charged and remanded in custody
Vicky Castle
Updated 13:23, 14 MAR 2019
Pregnant Debbie Griggs was just 34 when disappeared nearly from her home in Deal.
Stay up to date with all the Dover news with our weekly email, as well as getting all the latest breaking news delivered directly to your inbox
Pregnant Debbie Griggs was just 34 when she disappeared from her home in Deal.
Today (March 12) - nearly two decades later - police have charged her husband Andrew Griggs with murder.
Debbie was last seen leaving her home in Walmer on May 5, 1999.
She was the mother of three boys and four and half months pregnant with her fourth child.
Detective Superintendent Paul Fotheringham, Head of Major Crime at Kent Police, said: "With authorisation from the Crown Prosecution Service, Andrew Griggs, 56 years old, of Ringwood Road, St Leonards, Dorset, is charged with the murder of Debbie Griggs.
"Officers from the Kent and Essex Serious Crime Directorate executed a warrant on the morning of Tuesday 12 March 2019 to bring Mr Griggs before Medway Magistrates' Court where he is appearing the same day.
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"Debbie Griggs was 34 years old when she went missing from her home in Walmer, Deal, late on the evening of Wednesday 5 May 1999.
"Despite extensive searches and appeals for information detectives were unable to locate Debbie, who was a devoted mother of three young children and expecting her fourth child."
Griggs appeared via video link at Maidstone Crown Court for a preliminary hearing on Thursday, March 14.
He was granted conditional bail by the judge and will next appear for a plea and trial preparation hearing on Tuesday April 9.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An apparatus for grinding edges of running metal strips by a rotating grinding wheel, including a grinding wheel supporting table carrying thereon the grinding wheel and a motor for driving the grinding wheel, and driving means for forward and backward driving the table toward and away from the edges of the metal strips. According to the invention, the apparatus further comprises a spring arranged between the table and the driving means, springs hanging the table from a stationary member, and control means for controlling the driving means in response to vibration component free signals without being annoyed with variation in load current of the motor for driving the grinding wheel, thereby eliminating the uneven grinding due to external disturbance during the running of the metal strip.
This invention relates to a grinding apparatus for grinding edges of metal strips, and more particularly to a grinding apparatus capable of mitigating uneven grinding due to unavoidable vibration in running of metal strips.
The term "metal strips" as used herein designates mainly band steels but is intended to include steel plates, die steels and the like whose edges are ground by rotating grinding wheels during running of the steels.
FIG. 1 illustrates one example of such a grinding apparatus which has been hitherto used. The grinding apparatus in FIG. 1 comprises a rotating grinding wheel 2 for grinding a metal strip 1, a motor 3 for driving the grinding wheel 2, a base or table 4 for supporting the grinding wheel 2, driving means 5 for forward and backward the table 4 toward and away from the edge of the strip, consisting, in this example, of a feeding screw, a motor 6 for rotatively driving the feeding screw and a nut threadedly engaged on the feeding screw and connected to the table 4, a load current detector 7 for the grinding wheel driving motor 3, and a constant-current control unit 8. A reference numeral 9 denotes a set value signal.
The FIG. 1 shows the apparatus for grinding by the rotating grinding wheel 2 an edge of the metal strip 1 running in a direction shown by an arrow .alpha.. The grinding power acting upon the grinding wheel 2 is identified with the load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3.
In actual grinding, the table driving motor 6 is energized in a normal or reverse direction by the constant-current control unit 8 to move the table 4 toward and away from the edge of the metal strip 1 so as to bring the rotating grinding wheel 2 into contact with the edge of the metal strip in a manner the load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3 is kept constant.
However, the metal strip in running is generally subjected to vibrations in longitudinal, traverse and vertical directions as shown by double-headed arrows in FIG. 1 to cause violent variation in load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3. Accordingly, even if the grinding wheel supporting table 4 is operated so as to be advanced or retracted in response to the variation in load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3 in the manner as above described, it does not match the great variation in load current resulting in an insufficient grinding power control.
As can be seen from FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c which compare the load currents of the grinding wheel driving motor with respect to effect by forward and backward control of the grinding wheel supporting table, the constant-current control does not achieve its expected result. The edge of the metal strip is therefore unevenly ground to lower its worth as a product.
It is a primary object of the invention to provide an improved a metal strip edge grinding apparatus which eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
It is another object of the invention to provide a grinding apparatus for grinding edges of metal strips to eliminate uneven grinding by controlling grinding power at substantially constant with high accuracy, thereby improving product worth of the metal strips.
In order to achieve these objects, the apparatus for grinding edges of running metal strips by a rotating grinding wheel, including a grinding wheel supporting table carrying thereon said grinding wheel and a motor for driving the grinding wheel, and driving means for forward and backward driving said table toward and away from the edges of the metal strips according to the invention comprises resiliently urging means arranged between said table and said driving means.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the resiliently urging means is a spring and the table is hanged by springs from a stationary member.
In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the apparatus comprises a vibration frequency eliminating circuit for receiving load current signals, cutting off vibration components of the load current signal and generating signals representative of only load current for grinding for controlling the driving means for forward and backward driving the table.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, preferred embodiments will be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c are graphs of current wave forms illustrating the effect of the control according to the invention.
In order to realize the high accuracy constant-current control of a grinding wheel driving motor 3 to eliminate the uneven grinding of steel strips, it is required to avoid the rapid variation in the load current of the grinding wheel driving motor. For this purpose, it is necessary to eliminate the variation in the load current by bringing the rotating grinding wheel into light contact with edges of the strips and removing vibration components of the load current of the grinding wheel driving motor, even if the physical vibration of the metal strip cannot be avoided.
FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the grinding apparatus according to the invention, wherein like parts have been designated by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1. The apparatus in FIG. 3 comprises a constant-current control unit 8 which detects the load current of a grinding wheel driving motor 3 arranged on a grinding wheel supporting base or table 4 adapted to urge a rotating grinding wheel 2 against a metal strip 1 and compares the detected value with a set value, according to which compared result the table 4 is moved forward or backward to change the urging degree of the rotating grinding wheel 2 against the metal strip 1.
In more detail, as shown in FIG. 3, during continuous running of the metal strip 1 in a direction shown by an arrow .alpha. an edge of the metal strip 1 is ground by the rotating grinding wheel 2 driven through a V-belt by the grinding wheel driving motor 3. The rotating grinding wheel 2 and the grinding wheel driving motor 3 are located on the grinding wheel supporting table 4 which is movable toward and away from the edge of the metal strip 1. According to the invention, in order to bring the grinding wheel 2 into light or resilient contact with the edge of the metal strip 1, an urging spring 10 is arranged between the table 4 and driving means 5 (a nut of the driving means in this embodiment) and the table 4 is hanged or suspended by hanging springs 11 from a stationary member (not shown).
In this manner according to the invention, the spring 10 bringing the grinding wheel 2 into light contact with the edge of the metal strip 1 serves to absorb the vibration of the metal strip 1 as a cushion so as to greatly reduce the variation in load current for grinding.
In this case, one end of the urging spring 10 is fixed to the driving means 5 and the other end of the spring 10 is in contact with the grinding wheel supporting table 4 so that when the motor 6 of the driving means 5 is energized, the grinding wheel supporting table 4 is moved forward or backward lightly or resiliently through the displacement of the spring 10 in elongation or contraction. The variation in load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3 is reduced by the light contact of the grinding wheel with the edge of the metal strip 1. In addition, the variation in load current is further reduced by passing the detected signal from a load current detector 7 through a vibration frequency eliminating circuit 12 which is a known filter circuit including a variable resistance and a variable condenser capable of cutting off the frequencies within a particular range (grinding vibration frequencies).
In other words, the detected load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3 includes natural vibrations of the metal strip 1 and the grinding wheel operating table 4 in addition to the inherent load current for grinding. Accordingly, the load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3 is converted in the detector 7 into voltage signal which passes through the vibration frequency eliminating circuit 12 to cut off extra frequency components so as to form a detected signal 13 representative of the inherent load current for grinding which is then transmitted into a constant-current control unit 8.
The vibration frequency eliminating circuit is a well known device. For example, it is manufactured by the Omika Factory of Hitachi, Ltd., in Japan. It is described in a publication for a seminar of practical exercise held by the Omika Factory of Hitachi, Ltd., in April, 1975 (The title of this particular publication is "Text for Seminar of Practical Exercise for Electronically Controlled Equipment"). The purpose of such seminar is to guide general users to correctly use such devices. The inventors used the filter circuit disclosed in FIG. 19 of this publication for the vibration frequency eliminating circuit disclosed herein.
The constant-current control unit 8 compares the detected signal 13 with a set value signal 9 for the grinding current and generates in response to the compared result a control signal 14 for driving the motor 6 for the table 4 in a normal or reverse direction.
By eliminating the vibration frequencies as above described, the constant-current control with high accuracy (.+-.5%) can be realized even if the edge of a metal strip 1 is ground under violent vibration condition. FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate the effect of the constant current control in the same fashion as in FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c. It is clearly evident that the variation in load current of the grinding wheel driving motor 3 can be reduced according to the invention.
As can be seen from the above description, according to the invention the variation in load current of a motor for driving a grinding wheel for grinding edges of running metal strips due to external disturbance can be advantageously avoided to eliminate the uneven grinding due to the variation in load current.
It is further understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is that of preferred embodiments of the disclosed apparatus and that various changes and modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
1. An apparatus for grinding edges of running metal strips by a rotating grinding wheel comprising a grinding wheel supporting table carrying thereon said grinding wheel, a motor for driving said grinding wheel mounted on said table, driving means for forward and backward driving said table toward and away from the edges of the metal strips, resiliently urging means arranged between said table and said driving means, a plurality of springs for suspending said table and cooperating with said resiliently urging means to bring said grinding wheel into resilient contact with the edges of the metal strips, load current detecting means for detecting a load current of said motor for driving said grinding wheel, a vibration frequency eliminating circuit for receiving load current signals from said load current detecting means, cutting off vibration components of the received signals, and generating signals representative of only load current for grinding, and a constant current control unit for receiving signals representative of only load current for grinding, comparing the received signal with a set value signal for grinding current and ge nerating in response to a compared result a control signal for controlling said driving means for forward and backward driving said table so as to substantially reduce the variation in load current of said motor for driving said grinding wheel and substantially eliminate uneven grinding of the edges of the metal strips, said resiliently urging means comprising a spring and said driving means comprising a feeding screw, a motor for rotatively driving the feeding screw and a nut threadedly engaged with the feeding screw and connected to said table through said spring of said resiliently urging means, said spring having one end thereof connected to said table and the other end thereof connected to the nut.


text:
Bucolic gets lost in the hazy dreamscape of "Earth Tones"
May 16th, 2019 | 9:00AM | By John Vettese
Bucolic | photo by Dylan Eddinger | dylaneddingerphoto.squarespace.com
Seth Carpenter's one-person indie-psych project Bucolic is readying the release of a new LP called Oneirogens on Saturday, May 25th. After first teasing the project back in March with the opener, "Light Traces," Carpenter recently gave us another pre-release snippet in the form of "Earth Tones," a song that moves through languid, velvety textures in the spirit of early Beach House. The lyrics aren't entirely discernible through the cloudy reverb, but it seems like Carpenter is narrating the wake of a breakup, and the solitude that occurs in that place: "I don't feel it, I'm alone."
Take a listen via the YouTube visualizer below, and see Bucolic on his Manic Summer tour, which swings through Philadelphia on July 27th at Center City's Raven Lounge. More information on the show here; pre-order Oneirogens here.
Tags: Bucolic


text:
Q: Is it possible to remove an EF Core Database migration after the database is updated with the same In .NET EF core, Is it possible to remove/revert a Database migration after the database is updated by "Update-database" command?

A: Yes, it's possible, but only if it is the last migration or if you revert all  migrations after it.
To revert all migrations including the desired, use the -Migration parameter of the same Update-Database command and pass the name/id of the migration before the desired (or special value 0 if it is the first)
Update-Database MigrationBeforeTheOneYouWantToRevert

For more info, see Applying Migrations - Command-line tools sections of the official EF Core documentation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sinus design is flow-optimized and directs the air bubbles so they can rise without hindrance and completely free to avoid poor-flow zones at disruptive corners.
The Clear-View Reactor is a transparent, performance-optimised large-volume reaction chamber in which the water-air mixture is generated.
In combination with the hybrid wheel and the adapted venturi nozzle, it produces an extreme air performance with an optimum air-water ratio.
High skimming performance as a result of the large amount of air in combination with and optimum air-water mixture.
8 Watts of power - conceived to be especially energy efficient and uses a minimum of power, despite its huge performance.
Especially easy to maintain and provides the same consistent level of performance over a long period of time.
Built with a saw-blade shaped Twister. This gives the bubbles an additional spin and swirls them further in a vortex.
Countless extremely fine micro air bubbles are generated for high quality water cleansing ☺☺ ☺ ☺ .
Its transparency means that any foreign bodies can be identified easily.
Consistently strong skimming and simple settings are a joy to have.


text:
Hemisphaerius sexvittatus är en insektsart som beskrevs av Stsl 1870. Hemisphaerius sexvittatus ingår i släktet Hemisphaerius och familjen sköldstritar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Sköldstritar
sexvittatus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
View source for Solar thermal energy
← Solar thermal energy
==Solar cooking== Solar cooking is a technology which has been given a lot of attention in recent years in developing countries. The basic design is that of a box with a glass cover (see Figure 2). The box is lined with insulation and a reflective surface is applied to concentrate the heat onto the pots. The pots can be painted black to help with heat absorption. The solar radiation raises the temperature sufficiently to boil the contents in the pots. Cooking time is often a lot slower than conventional cooking stoves but there is no fuel cost. [[Image:PATB solar thermal cooking.JPG|thumb|550px|left|Figure 2.Principles of operation of the solar cooker (Practical Action)]]<br clear="all"/> Many variations have been developed on this theme but the main restriction has been one of reducing costs sufficiently to permit widespread dissemination. The cooker also has limitations in terms of only being effective during hours of strong sunlight. Another cooking stove is usually required for the periods when there is cloud or during the morning and evening hours. There have been large, subsidised solar cooking stove dissemination programmes in India, Pakistan and China. ===Crop drying=== Controlled drying is required for various crops and products, such as grain, coffee, tobacco, fruits vegetables and fish. Their quality can be enhanced if the drying is properly carried out. Solar thermal technology can be used to assist with the drying of such products. The main principle of operation is to raise the heat of the product, which is usually held within a compartment or box, while at the same time passing air through the compartment to remove moisture. The flow of air is often promoted using the 'stack' effect which takes advantage of the fact that hot air rises and can therefore be drawn upwards through a chimney, while drawing in cooler air from below. Alternatively a fan can be used. The size and shape of the compartment varies depending on the product and the scale of the drying system. Large systems can use large barns while smaller systems may have a few trays in a small wooden housing. Solar crop drying technologies can help reduce environmental degradation caused by the use of fuel wood or fossil fuels for crop drying and can also help to reduce the costs associated with these fuels and hence the cost of the product. Helping to improve and protect crops also has beneficial effects on health and nutrition. ===Space heating=== In colder areas of the world (including high altitude areas within the tropics) space heating is often required during the winter months. Vast quantities of energy can be used to achieve this. If buildings are carefully designed to take full advantage of the solar insolation which they receive then much of the heating requirement can be met by solar gain alone. By incorporating certain simple design principles a new dwelling can be made to be fuel efficient and comfortable for habitation. The bulk of these technologies are architecture based and passive in nature. The use of building materials with a high thermal mass (which stores heat), good insulation and large glazed areas can increase a buildings capacity to capture and store heat from the sun. Many technologies exist to assist with diurnal heating needs but seasonal storage is more difficult and costly. For passive solar design to be effective certain guidelines should be followed: *a building should have large areas of glazing facing the sun to maximise solar gain *features should be included to regulate heat intake to prevent the building from overheating *a building should be of sufficient mass to allow heat storage for the required period *contain features which promote the even distribution of heat throughout the building One example of a simple passive space heating technology is the Trombe wall. A massive black painted wall has a double glazed skin to prevent captured heat from escaping. The wall is vented to allow the warm air to enter the room at high level and cool air to enter the cavity between the wall and the glazing. Heat stored during the wall during the day is radiated into the room during the night. This type of technology is useful in areas where the nights are cold but the days are warm and sunny. ===Space cooling=== The majority of the worlds developing countries, however, lie within the tropics and have little need of space heating. There is a demand, however, for space cooling. The majority of the worlds warm-climate cultures have again developed traditional, simple, elegant techniques for cooling their dwellings, often using effects promoted by passive solar phenomenon. There are many methods for minimising heat gain. These include siting a building in shade or near water, using vegetation or landscaping to direct wind into the building, good town planning to optimise the prevailing wind and available shade. Buildings can be designed for a given climate - domed roofs and thermally massive structures in hot arid climates, shuttered and shaded windows to prevent heat gain, open structure bamboo housing in warm, humid areas. In some countries dwellings are constructed underground and take advantage of the relatively low and stable temperature of the surrounding ground. There are as many options as there are people. ===Day-lighting=== A simple and obvious use for solar energy is to provide light for use in buildings. Many modern buildings, office blocks and commercial premises for example, are designed in such a way that electric light has to be provided during the daytime to provide sufficient light for the activities taking place within. An obvious improvement would be to design buildings in such a way that that the light of the sun can be used for this purpose. The energy savings are significant and natural lighting is often preferred to artificial electric lighting. ===Solar thermal power stations=== There are two basic types of solar thermal power station. The first is the 'Power Tower' design which uses thousands of sun-tracking reflectors or heliostats to direct and concentrate solar radiation onto a boiler located atop a tower. The temperature in the boiler rises to 500 - 700EC and the steam raised can be used to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an electricity producing turbine. The second type is the distributed collector system. This system uses a series of specially designed 'Trough' collectors which have an absorber tube running along their length. Large arrays of these collectors are coupled to provide high temperature water for driving a steam turbine. Such power stations can produce many megawatts (MW) of electricity, but are confined to areas where there is ample solar insolation. Solar thermal power plants with a generating capacity of 80 MW are functioning in the USA. ===Other uses=== There are many other uses for solar thermal technology. These include refrigeration, air conditioning, solar stills and desalination of salt water and more. More information on these technologies is available in the relevant texts given in the reference section at the end of this fact sheet. Other issues Manufacture in developing countries Many of the active solar technologies rely on sophisticated, exotic modern materials for their manufacture. This presents problems in developing countries where such materials have to be imported. Some countries do have a manufacturing base for solar thermal products but it is often small by no means widespread throughout the world. The market for solar products, such as solar water heaters, is small and growing only slowly. Solar passive technology, especially solar cooling, tends to be used traditionally in developing countries. Many technological advances have been made in design of 'solar buildings' in developed countries during the last two decades but again the level of technology is often high and expensive and out of reach for [[rural communities]] in developing countries.
Return to Solar thermal energy.
Retrieved from "https://www.appropedia.org/Solar_thermal_energy"


Age appropriate media adds to the Too Good experience. Early learners sing engaging, original songs and join Carmen the Cool Cat and Wagner the Peaceable Pup in lively, colorful adventures. High School students listen to and engage in an informative media lesson on the negative consequences of drug-use and underage drinking. Too Good offers an interactive learning environment at all education levels.


Ira Eco Tube Natural Lip Balm Peach is enriched with natural extracts to nourish lips to be moisturized for up to 8 hours. It has a special feature to reduce dull lips with concentrated Vitamin E. Specially, the lip container is made from 100% paper, so it can be decomposed by the nature, leaving no burden to the world.
Eco Tube container is completely made from paper without any plastic. The method of use of this lip balm is not the same as the typical lip balm. If it is like a general one that requires rotation, there must be a plastic part involved. Therefore, we chose to use a new lip balm called Push Up Lip Balm. It will be slightly pushed from the bottom and the balm texture will come up for comfortable usage. Even though it is made from paper, it is wetproof. Even touched by wet hands or just a little water, it doesn't spoil the look and beauty. By this container type, there will be more 20 % of shea butter than the jar. The texture will be thicker, softer, and more moisturized for up to 8 hours.
Directions: This paper lip container will use the push-up method from the bottom by pushing only 1-2 mm, which can be used to apply on the lips, while the lid can be closed right after. Avoid pushing the lip up too much because this paper lip container cannot push the lip texture back, so it should be pushed slightly just enough for usage.


Love is a beautiful thing no doubt. However, what makes it even more memorable is when two married lovers stick to their vows of 'together forever' and continue to stay with one another despite the challenges that come their way.
Such is the case of a Nigerian couple that have recently shared the news of their 15th year anniversary of being together with members of the online community.
In a throwback photo post shared on popular micro blogging platform, the husband identified as Deremi, gushed over his wife as he called on people to join him in rejoicing.
He noted that his wife has made the past 15 years of their lives interesting and their world, exciting.
"Rejoice & celebrate with me people, this wonderful friend of mine, my soul mate, my sweet angel. Ibadi aran mi! She has made the 15 years fly like days, every moment she made interesting, & our world exciting! NB If you laugh at my over-sized shirt & tiny waist, I block you" he said.
In the photo shared, the lovers were spotted in a photo collage that showed them from several years ago and another one that showed them in more recent times.
It is great to see that the two have remained committed to their vows and continued to wax stronger in the love for they share for each other.
In other news, Legit.ng gathered the report of an American lady who recounted her experience with a Nigerian man that proposed to marry her.
According to the lady, the man said the marriage between them will only last enough for him to join her in America, after which they could both go their separate ways.
She narrated further that she respectfully declined the man's request, but offered to help him get opportunities in her country, as she was able to deduce that he was just in search of better opportunities to make good of his life.


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Q: What is an algorithm for solving quadratic with linear equation simultaneously? Need an algorithm to solve equation like these:
8*p^2+8*q^2+8*p-16=0
p^2+q^2+12*p+20=0

If anyone can point me to the name of algorithm also it'll be enough. I could have followed any matrix related algorithm but the quadratic inside these linear are causing a problem.

A: In the case you wrote about, I'd suggest first subtracting 8 times the second equation from the first.

0 = (8*p^2+8*q^2+8*p-16) - 8*(p^2+q^2+12*p+20) = -88*p-176 = 0
  p = -2

Then you are left with a simple quadratic equation in q, which you can solve using the common methods for solving quadratic equations in a single variable.

A: The Nelder-Mead Algorithm is a very easy-to-program non-linear solver that converges quickly and accurately in low dimensional problems like this one.  The pseudo-code is easy to follow on Wikipedia, but you can find some coded implementations online as well.
Your cost function in this case would be the sum of the left hand sides' squares to ensure that lower costs are closer to the correct solutions.

A: It's a non-linear problem.  You'll need an iterative solution, something like Newton Raphson or BFGS.
Here's a simple approach.
Start by linearizing it:
16*p*dp + 16*q*dq + 8 = 0
2*p*dp + 2*q*dq + 12 = 0

This becomes a linear algebra problem:
| 16*p 16*q |[ dp ]    [  -8 ]
|  2*p  2*q |[ dq ] =  [ -12 ]

You'll start with an initial guess for (p, q):
(p, q) = (p0, q0)

You'll solve for dp and dq, using the usual linear algebra techniques.
You'll update your guesses for p and q:
(p1, q1) = (p0 + dp, q0 + dq)

You'll iterate again until your solution either diverges or converges.
There's no guarantee that it'll converge, depending on your initial guess.


Through the years OpenGL has seen three different methods to generate mipmaps. Now days mipmaps are absolutely common and should be used it most of the cases, even bi-linear filtering because it provides both higher performance and higher visual quality for just 1/3 of image memory cost.
gluBuild2DMipmaps is the solution for convenience but isn't efficient and out dated feature wise. POT can be useful but can't be used anymore and mipmaps generation on FrameBuffer Object is really complicated and inefficient. It would involve copying the texture data from the graphics memory to the main memory and sending it back in the graphics memory... I don't like so much this method but I must admit that it is a really good method for some compatibilities issues with old hardware or OpenGL implementation that doesn't support NPOT textures or doesn't provide other mipmaps generation method. Moreover, at texture loading, this method feats well in a compatibility code path.
OpenGL 1.4 brings the second method with the extention GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap. This method is "hardware accelerated"; the OpenGL API is simple but completely weard because based on a state change using glTexParameter*.
A state change for an operation... sound awkward? It is! This call will NOT generate any mipmap. It only says that when a modification to the base level mipmap is done, the lower mipmaps of the base level mipmap shoud be generated. For example, when loading a texture, it means that this previous call should be done before glTexImage2D.
GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP can't be used with NPOT if there are not supported by the hardware of GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two.
GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP can't be used with framebuffer object.
GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP doesn't provide a fine control of when the mipmaps should be generated. The best you can do, is disable GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP, update several parts of the texture and enable it just before the last update... awkward.
Finally, but not least, for everyone who is using OpenGL ES 2.0, OpenGL 3.x or hardware supporting GL_EXT_framebuffer_object: glGenerateMipmap!
This function does actually two things which is maybe the only issue with it: It allocates the mipmaps memory and generate the mipmaps. This is very important to notice for framebuffer object texture mipmaps generation because it might reduce render to texture efficiency or simply crash depending if you are using nVidia or ATI OpenGL implementation.
On the software design point of view, glGenerateMipmap will make programmers happy as generating mipmaps with it is completely independent from texture modifications.
Mipmaps generation of Framebuffer Object textures.
A fine control of when mipmaps are generated.
A great API to use within the OpenGL program.
Finally, OpenGL provides the function call glHint(GL_GENERATE_MIPMAP_HINT, Hint); where 'hint' could be GL_FASTEST, GL_NICEST or GL_DONT_CARE to indicate the quality of filtering when generating mipmaps.
My personal advice would be to use glGenerateMipmap but is need to be available on your platform. From GeForce FX 5*** and Radeon 9*** you will have support for GL_EXT_framebuffer_object or GL_ARB_framebuffer_object with updated drivers. S3 supports GL_EXT_framebuffer_object and OpenGL 3 with its Chrome 430. Apple supports glGenerateMipmap from MacOS X 10.2 and even Intel claims a support. (I would not confirm that one without a test!) If you really need compatibility with old platform, gluBuild2DMipmaps is a great and solid choice.


Home The NewsMill NC isn't only a political party but a movement: Farooq Shah.
Srinagar: Former bureaucrat Farooq Shah who recently joined National Conference (NC) today said that he gave up his chair for the betterment of his constituency (Gulmarg) and for the better future of the youth of his area.As per addressing a rally in Kunzer area of Tangmarg, Shah said the Gulmarg was once a strong forte of NC, but with time its local leaders were harassed and forced to switch sides.
Shah said Gulmarg is a vast constituency but it is still underdeveloped. "Its roads are in shambles. Electric wires are still hooked with dilapidated wooden logs and trees. People still fetch water from streams, which is not good for health.I left my chair for the future of my people. People want change here, he added.
Previous articleIndia-Pak Armies exchange gunfire along LoC in Rajouri.


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Need clarification. The "banner" portion of the ad says for lunch or dinner, however the description indicates that it is only valid for dinner. I would purchase it if it were valid for lunch.
This site has gone downhill. They ripped me off of $80 worth of coupons that I never received for Christmas presents for my family last year. No refund, nothing!
I am showing that the last time you purchased something from Seize the Deal was January, 2013. Are you sure that you are thinking of the right site?
Food was superb quality at what Detroit fancy suburb places charge for 2-3 times as much... Fantastic historical building and atmosphere.
Great sandwiches and salads. They use fresh meats and produce. Their service/hospitality is A1. I you have any personal requests they are very good about getting you a product you want.


text:
Алекса́ндер Грем Белл (; 3 березня 1847, Единбург, Шотландія — 2 серпня 1922, Нова Шотландія, Канада) — американець шотландського походження, вчений і винахідник телефону, запатентував його в 1876, пізніше експериментував з фонографом.

Біографія
Почав працювати помічником вчителя музики і ораторського мистецтва. Згодом працював з глухонімими людьми, навчаючи їх вимови. Прагнення допомогти цим людям і любов до дівчини, що оглухла після важкої хвороби, спонукали сконструювати прилади, за допомогою яких можна було демонструвати глухим артикуляцію звуків мови.

Після переїзду з Британії на американський континент викладав у Бостоні, тренуючи викладачів для глухих. У 1872 році відкрив у Бостоні приватну школу «Фізіології звуку та механіки мови», а в 1873 став професором фізіології органів мови Бостонського університету.

Вивчив акустику, фізику людської мови. Почав ставити досліди з апаратом, в якому мембрана передавала коливання звуків на голку. Так наближався до ідеї телефону, за допомогою якого «стане можливою передача різних звуків, якщо тільки вдасться викликати коливання сили електричного струму, відповідні тим коливанням густини повітря, які породжує даний звук».

За освітою не був ні інженером-електриком, ні фізиком, але за якийсь час змінив напрям діяльності і почав працювати над створенням телеграфу для одночасної передачі кількох текстів — «музичного телеграфу» (число текстів було рівне числу нот, тобто 7).

У 1876 році спостережливість при роботі над телеграфом допомогла відкрити явище, яке дало змогу винайти телефон: коли помічник Бела витягав пластинку з передавача, у приймачі Белл почув деренчання. З'ясувалося, що пластинка замикала і розмикала електричне коло. Белл звернув на це явище пильну увагу.

Через кілька днів перший апарат, родоначальник всіх телефонних апаратів — невелика мембрана з сигнальним ріжком для посилення звуку — був зроблений. Через кілька років телефон перетворився на масовий засіб зв'язку, що принесло створеній фірмі значні прибутки.

У 1880 році вперше спостерігав фотоакустичний ефект — виникнення акустичних коливань у досліджуваному зразку при опромінюванні його модульованим або імпульсним світлом. Він запропонував використовувати фотоакустичний ефект для оптичного бездротового телефону, фотофону. У цьому пристрої звуки людського голосу викликали коливання рухомого люстерка, які модулювали пучок сонячного світла. Як приймач використовувався замкнутий об'єм з поглинаючим світло середовищем, в якому виникав звук (завдяки фотоакустичному ефекту), що сприймається людиною через слухову трубку.

Долучився до розробки металодетектора, гідроплана та інших літаків, спроектував чотиригранного повітряного змія.

Підтримував селекцію, а також сприяв розвитку євгеніки.

Став одним із засновників Національного географічного товариства, яке до сьогодні видає журнал «National Geographic».

Помер у своєму маєтку в Новій Шотландії від цукрового діабету, що ускладнився злоякісною анемією.

Примітки

Посилання
 Александер Грейам Белл
 Александер Белл на www.nndb.com — своєрідному інтернетівському «Who's Who»

Винахідники США
Уродженці Единбурга
Професори
Нагороджені медаллю Г'юза
Люди на марках
Люди на банкнотах
Науковці Бостонського університету
Обрані до Національної зали слави винахідників США
Померли від цукрового діабету
Канадці шотландського походження
Американські агностики
Члени і члени-кореспонденти Національної академії наук США
Нагороджені медаллю Джона Фріца
Канадські емігранти до США


Admit it: being a burrito sounds pretty great. Imagine all the cozy naps you could take.
Thanks to this tortilla towel, created by Mary Dauterman, Sarah Lloyd and I-Ping Chiang of &friends, that dream can become a reality. Take it to the beach, or out to your lawn, or just stay inside your house. Roll yourself inside its absorbent folds. Close your eyes. You've made it.
You are the burrito you've always wanted to be.


A powerful lower-order innings from Ben Cutting, backed up by a five-wicket haul from fast bowler Luke Feldman, helped Queensland hand Victoria their first defeat of the tournament. Queensland's innings had been floundering before Cutting smashed nine sixes in his 98 off 48 balls that helped achieve a match-winning total.
The Queensland innings moved in fits and starts after they were put in to bat. Opener Chris Hartley fell for a 19-ball 5 in the seventh over to Peter Siddle, and Joe Burns followed three balls later. Chris Lynn and Usman Khawaja added 59 runs to steady the innings. Once Lynn was out, however, the wickets fell steadily and Victoria were on track to restrict Queensland to a middling total. Cutting, however, put paid to those hopes.
Together with Hauritz, Cutting saw off a few quiet overs but cut loose in the 43rd, with a six and a four. He saved the charge for the last four overs, though, targeting John Hastings, Scott Boland and David Hussey and scoring 64 off the 81 runs scored in that period. He took 19 runs off Hastings in the 48th over and then hit 25 off Hussey in the penultimate over, before finishing the innings with two sixes.
In reply, Victoria lost Michael Hill in the third over. The top and middle order put together some useful stands - Rob Quiney and Matthew Wade added 40 and Quiney and Cameron White put on 52.
White was involved in another 50-run stand with David Hussey but they lacked the big overs needed in such an imposing chase. Cutting then struck another blow for Queensland, when he dismissed Hussey and White in successive overs to leave Victoria at 164 for 4, needing 142 from 106. It wasn't entirely impossible, and the eighth-wicket pair of Peter Handscomb and Hastings took Victoria to 254 for 6. However, Feldman's last spell swung the match in favour of Queensland once again. He dismissed Handscomb and Siddle in the 46th over and then had Hastings caught by Burns in the 48th over to hasten victory for Queensland.