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SDGs and Pakistan
Postcolonial Pakistan and the Promise of Quality and Inclusive Education for All: The Aga Khan Schools and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(Part 1)
Post author By Mir Zaman Shah
23 Comments on Postcolonial Pakistan and the Promise of Quality and Inclusive Education for All: The Aga Khan Schools and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(Part 1)
Over the next couple of months, I will be writing a series of blog posts on the challenges facing Pakistan in relation to development and education, and the prospects and limits of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a way of understanding and addressing these challenges.
In this first blog, I introduce Pakistan as a postcolonial nation-state; this is important for understanding and contextualising ongoing challenges to development and education in the country. I then discuss the SDGs' agenda and its relevance to the discourse of development and especially to education in Pakistan.
The subsequent blog will focus on the role of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) and more specifically the Aga Khan Education Service, Pakistan (AKESP) in contributing to development and education in some of the remote, isolated, and marginalised regions of Pakistan such as the two districts of Chitral – Upper Chitral and Lower Chitral – in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
I write these blogs drawing on my Ph.D. research project entitled Educational Leadership and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Postcolonial Pakistan. This project explores opportunities and challenges for educational leaders in delivering on the promise of quality and inclusive education in the Aga Khan Schools in Chitral, Pakistan.
Postcolonial Pakistan: challenges for development at the start of the 21st century
Pakistan became a separate Islamic nation-state as a result of the partition of the Indian Subcontinent at the end of the British colonial rule in India in 1947. It is a country of more than 214 million people. There are four provinces – Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan – and two self-governing territories under Pakistan's control -Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan in present Pakistan (see map below). The population consists of diverse ethnic groups, mainly Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, Muhajirs, Baloch along with many other smaller groups. Majority of the population, around 96.03%, is Muslim and the rest comprises of Hindus, Christians, Ahmadis, Baha'is, Sikhs, Parsis, Kalash, Buddhists, and Jains.
As a postcolonial state, Pakistan has confronted numerous challenges since its inception. Poverty, overpopulation, corruption, poor governance, political instability, illiteracy, terrorism, tensions with India, and within-state religious and sectarian tensions, and a string of natural disasters (earthquakes and floods) are the core challenges for the country.
The initial challenge of dealing with the cross-border mass migration was caused due to the hasty formation of separate Muslim and Hindu states Pakistan and India, that left many thousands of people living on the 'wrong' side of the border. This challenge was rooted in Britain's colonial policy of divide and rule in handling the subcontinent's Hindu and Muslim subjects. When people struggled to get into the nation of their religious majority, violence broke out and thousands of people suffered from brutal killings and looting on both sides of the border. Between fourteen to sixteen million people were forced to leave amidst killings of around one million and some commentators have argued provocatively, that this was the first large-scale incidence of ethnic cleansing in the world (see Reid and Burky). The proportion of the Muslim population in the newly established country increased from 75% to 95% as a result of mass migration. Since partition, Pakistan and India have fought wars in 1948, 1965, 1971, and 1999 and tensions continue to exist on the borders.
The state assumed that Islam as a common religion would provide a shared identity to the diverse ethnic groups leading to national cohesion and harmony. However, despite this effort, various ethnic, linguistic and sectarian tensions continued to plague the country. The ethnic and linguistic differences led to the split of the country and the emergence of Bangladesh as a separate country in 1971.
Situated in a hostile neighborhood, the perceived threats emanating from a hostile India and an unfriendly Afghanistan, have fuelled military spending in Pakistan. This has diverted huge resources to defense at the cost of the development of the people. Such a defense-centric policy has strengthened the military institution at the cost of other political and bureaucratic institutions by giving the defense forces a central place in access to resources, decision-making as well as privileges. The military has directly ruled the country for 35 years through frequent coups at different points in time. None of the elected Prime Ministers, except once, has been able to complete the tenure of office, and political governments remain keen to enlist the military's goodwill. The prevailing corruption in politics and the bureaucracy, and the politicians' attempts to bolster their own power by inviting the military to take over the reign of power are major factors in preventing democracy from flourishing in the country.
Population growth is a major challenge for development. There are serious concerns about the validity of the official figures pertaining to the current population and the actual population is said to be much higher. World Population Review 2020 reports a population of more than 222 million, a doubling from 1990 to 2019. As a result Pakistan's ranking moved from 8th to 5th largest in the world. The unprecedented population growth contributes to slow economic growth, unemployment, and consequently to poverty in the country. With the current rate of growth, the population of the country is expected to reach 403 million by 2050.
It can be argued that some of Pakistan's problems have their roots in the colonial past and that these create legacies in policies and practices in the present time. As a postcolonial state, Pakistan inherited the existing colonial structures and systems in fields including civil service, bureaucracy, military, judiciary, and education. The colonial structure and systems continue to exist and influence until the present time at the expense of a truly participatory, self-conceived, and self-directed development model for the country. As a result, the country presents a picture of a complex postcolonial nation-state, posing severe challenges for development and education.
The SDGs, education, and development in Pakistan
In light of the key challenges confronting the country, the SDGs are relevant to the discourse of development and especially to education in Pakistan. The SDGs consist of 17 goals and 169 targets, constituting a global framework for sustainable development through addressing extreme poverty, inequalities, and protecting the environment. The promise for
education is articulated in the form of SDG 4 that seeks to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Pakistan demonstrated its commitment to the agenda in October 2015 by becoming the first country in the world to adopt the SDGs as its national development agenda and having endorsed by the parliament. In this context, the SDGs shape the development discourse in Pakistan in relation to the challenges confronting the country.
The Constitution of Pakistan guarantees education as a fundamental right of all citizens. The Article 25A of the Constitution states that: "The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law." The public sector caters to the educational needs of 57% of the students as compared to 43% in the private sector. However, the performance of public sector education has been poor. Pakistan has been persistently performing poorly on all major education indicators; access to education, enrolment, literacy and numeracy, retention and completion, financial and human resource, learning environment, and governance of the school.
The adult literacy rate is 62.3% comprising 72.5% males and 51.8% females, with substantial disparities on criteria such as geography, the rural-urban divide, socio-economic status, and disability. The total number of school-aged children (5 – 16 years) is 51.53 million, and of these 28.68 million are attending school, while 22.84 million children do not attend school. This makes Pakistan the world's second-highest in terms of out-of-school children, 44% of the cohort population being in this category.
Apart from access to education, the quality of education children receive is worrisome. Many of the children attending school suffer from a 'learning crisis' or ' learning poverty' which means students in schools are not learning basic literacy and numeracy. This problem is more severe in Pakistan when compared to other low-or middle-income countries. For instance, 75% of children attending schools in Pakistan cannot read and understand a simple text by age 10, as compared to the overall average of 58% for South Asia.
Addressing the problem of access and quality is critical to progress towards the broader agenda of an inclusive, quality for all agenda as envisioned in SDG 4. It is encouraging to note that the current National Education Framework attempts to contextualise the agenda for education at the national, provincial, and district level for effective implementation. This framework sets out four strategic priorities for immediate action
addressing the issue of out-of-school-children;
bringing uniformity in education standards;
improving the quality of education; and
enhancing access to and relevance of skills training.
Many schools, particularly in the rural context, suffer from lack of basic infrastructure and resources. Public investment in education is minimal and has remained around 2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) against a notional commitment of 4 % and the recommendation of 4 to 6% of GDP or 15 to 20% of the total public expenditure in the Incheon Declaration. A large portion of the allocated budget for education (92%) is spent on salaries, and even the remaining funds dedicated to development such as school facilities, training, monitoring and supervision, and curriculum development, is not spent efficiently due to poor decision-making, failure to empower educational leaders working in school and district education offices as well as poor management and governance. Historically, educational governance and management have been poor in the country. Due to the low performance of public sector education, parents preferred private sector schools. However, during the past few years, there have been some improvements in the public education sector in terms of upgrading facilities, ensuring teachers' presence through the biometric system, and induction of teachers based on merit. These improvements have meant increased enrolments in the public education sector and a decrease in the private education sector (see ASER-Pakistan report). The increased number of students in public schools indicates the confidence of parents in the school public sector education.
Given these challenges for Pakistani education, the SDGs provide an opportunity for collective action and reflection on the local needs and priorities in the global context. Pakistan has shown enthusiasm to adopt the SDGs at its own development goals based on national and international commitments. However, the state's policies historically fall short in the implementation phase. Pakistan has not been able to meet its commitments in any of the previous national education policies. Likewise, international commitments have not been met. For instance, Pakistan failed to achieve the goal for the Education For All (EFA) and lies at the bottom in the region (South Asia) on the EFA Development Index. The targets not achieved in EFA are now part of the SDGs' agenda. In the implementation phase, progress has been very slow even though it has been five years since the SDGs were adopted. The 2020 Sustainable Development Report, shows that Pakistan stands at 134th out of 166 countries in the SDG Index Score with 56.2 scores against the regional score of 67.2 for East and South Asia. This progress is based on data collected before the outbreak of the pandemic. When the impact of the COVID-19 is accounted for, the situation maybe even worse than shown in the report. For achieving the SDGs agenda the government must focus on the implementation of the plan at the national, provincial, and district levels.
My next blog (Part 2) will focus on the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) – its history, development approach, and contribution to development and education in Pakistan and particularly to some of the remote and underserved regions such as Chitral in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
By Mir Zaman Shah
PhD scholar School of Education, RMIT University Melbourne Australia
← Achieving gender parity in rural Pakistan schools: A postcolonial perspective (Part 2) → Why can't 22.8 million Pakistani Young People Get Access to Quality Education? The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their Relevance to the Discourse of Quality Education in Postcolonial Pakistan (Part 1)
23 replies on "Postcolonial Pakistan and the Promise of Quality and Inclusive Education for All: The Aga Khan Schools and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)(Part 1)"
Zahirasays:
Great work.The content is very informative and updated.It captures some of the key challenges faced by the country.
Rabia Alisays:
The blog offers a comprehensive introduction to the education system of Pakistan in reference to SDGs. As outlined, the current state of education can be traced to the challenges faced by the postcolonial Pakistani state after partition. The deplorable condition of the education system despite its commitment to SDGs is unfortunate and requires urgent attention.
Hassansays:
a brief, however, comprehensive report on the challenges of Pakistan. The challenges have rightly been mentioned. the strategic importance of Pakistan's location and the cost on military due to threats have clearly been portrayed. Adaptation of policies and and bitter history of implementation are the key features behind educational crises, which the scholar has mentioned
Shad zareensays:
Great work, the blog would indeed have big contribution toward our education system, look forward to see more progress. Good luck!!
Dharmoon Bhawanisays:
From this blog, it can be concluded that most of the issues of Pakistan have their origins in the colonial past and that in the modern-day, these established legacies are quite interwoven in laws and procedures. As a post-colonial state, in areas including civil service, bureaucracy, army, courts, and schooling, Pakistan inherited the current colonial structures and systems. At the expense of a truly participatory, self-conceived, and self-directed model of development for the region, the imperial structure and institutions survive and thrive and dominate until the present moment. As a result, the country presents a picture of a complex postcolonial nation-state, posing severe challenges for development and education.
If education and health sectors are considered as key 'policy investments' for future generation, then it is obvious that in the longer-run it will bring equality and equity amongst the local population. However, existing wider policy gaps in primary to higher secondary education can be curtailed by introducing a robust and once for all 'Education Policy' in Balochistan province, which further requires de-politicizations of Education Department. Once the culture of de-politicisations is introduced, then Government of Balochistan can launch the 'Agha Khan Rural Support-Education Model' as pilot-project in all districts of Balochistan and this may bring a significant change in attitudes towards education in rural areas and offer a glimmer of hope for the future generation.
Ibrahim Qaboolsays:
The blog provides rich and update information on Pakistan's postcolonial era with United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) with great efforts of Aga Khan Education Service Pakistan (AKES, P) in some under develop regions.
My observation and viewpoint show that the existing status of Education of Pakistan demands more strategic, consistent, and technology-oriented approach for educational development in Pakistan. In other words, we need to use Technology as a tool to ensure quality education to produce skillful and smart professional human resources in Pakistan with more strong support of UN SDGs.
After reading contents of the blog facts, figures, and events I feel that most problems of Pakistan are due to lack of quality and professional education. My experience shows that today's job market around the globe demands more skillful and professional human resources especially technologically skills workforce.
Khush Bahar Shahsays:
Good bai mirzaman. Well briefed and well described the post-colonial state nations.
Afghan migrations are the main source.
As for as SDGs concern now the present govt taking keen interest to promote public sector schools to compare other private institutions, and monitoring already been started.
Which will be helpful for achievement of SDG goals.
Any how good work brar. Appreciated 👏👏👏
Shersays:
Informative and opens windows of opportunities to discuss the role of SDGs in Pakistan
Mohammad Afzal Khansays:
A very well written blog – I tend to agree that the current education system in Pakistan is a continuation of the traditional colonial education system which does not fulfil the needs of Pakistan in the 21st century and it does not even match Pakistan's ideology. Due to the unavailability of developmentally appropriate practices and a culturally responsive education system, the process of learnings in Pakistan is not up to the mark therefore our education system is unable to compete with the education system of the developed world.
Education system in Pakistan is class based. Public schools and low-cost private schools cater for children of the middle and lower-middle classes, and high-cost elite private schools cater for children of the upper class whereas religious schools cater for children from the poorest families of the country. Public, private and religious education sectors all follow different curricula and textbooks. The education systems with different curricula cause many problems for the society. I look forward to read your future blogs – many thanks
Sher Doom Khansays:
I found this paper really informative as it presisely highlits the diverse educational challenges in the country and future goals; SDGs . Though there are many factors affecting quality education, i think poor qulity of teacher education has been the most devastating one. I would be more interested in the next blog regarding role of AKESP with a particular focuss in the district of Upper and Lower Chitral. Keep it up.
ALAMGIRsays:
Excellent and well-articulated blog that focuses on the socio-cultural and educational structure of Pakistan and posing the main challenges that are further exacerbated by the stern and strict colonial policies. You have excellently used the postcolonial literature in contemporary Pakistan. Indeed our country has its unique own value because of its unique socio-political position in South Asia. As a postcolonial state, Pakistan differs from other countries because it did not exist at the time when the Britisher made their colonies in subcontinent, but colonial policies were stretched and borrowed in into our state. Therefore, postcolonial literature can prove to be a valuable tool to discuss and debate on the challenges confronting to SDG's with a prime focus on education in contemporary Pakistan. I hope to see many more from you and would happy to write an other article that argue on why Pakistan has not been able to meet its commitments in any of the previous national education policies and the reason of occupying the bottom position in terms of educational equality?
Excellent and well-articulated blog that focuses on the socio-cultural and educational structure of Pakistan and posing the key challenges that are further exacerbated by the stern and strict colonial policies. You have excellently used the postcolonial literature in contemporary Pakistan. Indeed, our country has its unique own value because of its unique socio-political position in South Asia. As a postcolonial state, Pakistan differs from other countries because it did not exist at the time when the Britisher made their colonies in subcontinent, but colonial policies were stretched and borrowed in into our state. Therefore, postcolonial literature can prove to be a valuable tool to discuss and debate on the challenges confronting to SDG's focusing primely on education in contemporary Pakistan. I hope to see many more from you and would be happy to write another article that argue on why Pakistan has not been able to meet its commitments in any of the previous national education policies and the reason of occupying the bottom position in terms of educational equality?
Excellent and well-articulated blog that focuses on the socio-cultural and educational structure of Pakistan and posing the key challenges that are further exacerbated by the stern and strict colonial policies. You have excellently used the postcolonial literature in contemporary Pakistan. Indeed, our country has its unique own value because of its unique socio-political position in South Asia. As a postcolonial state, Pakistan differs from other countries because it did not exist at the time when the Britisher made their colonies in subcontinent, but colonial policies were stretched and borrowed in into our state. Therefore, postcolonial literature can prove to be a valuable tool to discuss and debate on the challenges confronting to SDG's with a prime focus on education in contemporary Pakistan. I hope to see many more from you and would be happy if you write another article that argues on why Pakistan could not meet its commitments in any of the previous national education policies and the reason of occupying the bottom position in terms of educational equality?
Alamgir Alamgirsays:
Excellent and well-articulated blog that focuses on the socio-cultural and educational structure of Pakistan and posing the main challenges that are further exacerbated by the stern and strict colonial policies. You have excellently used the postcolonial literature in contemporary Pakistan. Indeed our country has its unique own value because of its unique socio-political position in South Asia. As a postcolonial state, Pakistan differs from other countries because it did not exist at the time when the Britisher made their colonies in subcontinent, but colonial policies were stretched and borrowed in into our state. Therefore, postcolonial literature can prove to be a valuable tool to discuss and debate on the challenges confronting to SDG's with a prime focus on education in contemporary Pakistan. I hope to see many more from you and would be happy if you write an other article that argues on why Pakistan has not been able to meet its commitments in any of the previous national education policies and the reason of occupying the bottom position in terms of educational equality?
Shafiq-Ur-Rehmansays:
The article is very comprehensive with respect to development and key challenges in education system in Pakistan. This article highlights the broad reasons due to which Pakistan is not achieving the targets of education with respect to literacy and quality education. According to the scholar the key issues are there in policy level like budget allocation at national level etc. I have work experience in teaching and administration to work with public sector as well as private sector in rural and urban areas of Pakistan. I believe that the main reason of education crises in Pakistan at implementation stage is due to lack of accountability in our education instituitions particularly in public sector.
In the given article I learnt two new terms 'learning-crises' and 'learning-poverty'. These terms are very attarctive and interesting for me as a Ph.D scholar. I will study and search more about these two terms. I also waiting for second part of this article which is about the role and contributions of AKESP with respect to socio-economic development in Upper and Lower Chitral in KPK Pakistan.
Overall, it is very articulated and informative article for policy makers and practioners. Keep it up.
Samisays:
A very comprehensive picture of postcolonial situation and the challengies faced by the people specially in education sector.
Fayaz yousufisays:
This publications reveals the needs and improvement of education in Pakistan's education terminologies. It is a brief study that tries to draw our attention and responsibilities towards educational needs
Basharat Ahmadsays:
A very good analytical attempt to comprehend the basic and deep rooted flaw in the educational system and subsequent policies of the country. Though Pakistan had inherited the colonial legacy in each and every field but it in education it even couldnt hold the status que of colonial time. The frequent educational framworks poor policies weak implementation and above all lack of resources all led to the educational crisis in the country as righly mentioned in the Blog.Aftr more than 73 years of national life there is no uniformity and consensus in the educational system ultimately resulting into educational chaos in the society.
I am agree with the author about the poor infrustructure and political interference in education especially in the remote geographical areas of the country. This reminds me one of my visit to a district in southern kp where i found two primary schools inside one boundry wall merely built to appease political supporters.
The prospects of success of SDGs regarding education in pakistan is directly linked to the committment of the government by diverting resources by keeping education a prioity by invloving all the relevant stakeholder and by evolving a uniform educational framwork for the country. The success story of AKES to provide quality education in most challenging circumstances in pakistan is a true stimulus to government education system.
Why can't 22.8 million Pakistani Young People Get Access to Quality Education? The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their Relevance to the Discourse of Quality Education in Postcolonial Pakistan – Co-Lab SDGssays:
[…] is a postcolonial nation-state in South Asia. With a population of 214 million people, others estimate it around 222 million, Pakistan is the 5th largest country in the world in terms of population. Before it emerged as a […]
Javedsays:
Well-articulated and proper outlining of the challenges that Pakistan has been grappling with over the years toward development and progress. Being a postcolonial state, many challenges emerged at the time of inception, in Pakistan, and further continuation with different external and internal flavors such as hostile neighbors, Cold World War era and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, post 9/11 war-on-terror, political instability, institutional conflict and the race of supremacy, inappropriate dealing of cultural and ethnic diversity with the unified religious trappings, lack of political will toward education and so on, have severe effects on education governance. However, the efforts of AKDN and AKESF are undoubtedly commendable in uplifting education in the remote parts of the country. Waiting for the second part of the blog.
Postcolonial Pakistan and the Promise of Quality and Inclusive Education for All: The Aga Khan Schools and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – Co-Lab SDGssays:
[…] the previous blog (Part 1), I introduced Pakistan as a postcolonial state, and shed light on some of its prevailing […]
Khan Zadasays:
Very comprehensive and analytical at the same time of the historical and current context of educational scenario of Pakistan. I liked the way the author has articulated the diverse challenges in a easy to follow way. Looking forward to read the next post.
Santo Deritasays:
Greetings! Very helpful advice within this post! It is the little changes that will make the most important changes. Thanks for sharing!
The artwork for the Co-Lab SDGs logo is being used with the permission of the author Seth Brown, 'Water 18' Water Series, 2009, Relief Print.
© 2022	Co-Lab SDGs


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Compare Slovakia to other countries
Show the size of Slovakia compared to Kiribati Hide the map
If Slovakia were your home instead of Kiribati you would...
The life expectancy at birth in Slovakia is 76.69 while in Kiribati it is 65.47.
The per capita consumption of electricity in Kiribati is 222kWh while in Slovakia it is 4,825kWh
The GDP per capita in Slovakia is $24,700 while in Kiribati it is $6,400
spend 7.1 times more money on health care
Per capita public and private health expenditures combined in Slovakia are $1,325.80 USD while Kiribati spends $186.80 USD
Slovakia has an unemployment rate of 12.80% while Kiribati has 30.60%
Kiribati consumes 0.1218 gallons of oil per day per capita while Slovakia consumes 0.6468
The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in Slovakia is 5.35 while in Kiribati it is 35.37.
be 63.48% more likely to be in prison
188 in every 100,000 people are currently imprisoned in Slovakia compared to 115 in Kiribati
1.40 in every 100,000 people are murdered annually in Slovakia compared to 7.90 in Kiribati
The annual number of births per 1,000 people in Slovakia is 10.01 while in Kiribati it is 21.85.
More Information about Slovakia
With its 5,443,583 people, Slovakia is the 116th largest country in the world by population. It is the 129th largest country in the world by area with 49,035 square kilometers.
Slovakia's roots can be traced to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. Subsequently, the Slovaks became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. Following the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (Magyarization) resulted in a strengthening of Slovak nationalism and a cultivation of cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who were under Austrian rule. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the close of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939 Slovakia became an independent state allied with Nazi Germany. Following World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004 and the euro zone on 1 January 2009.
Languages spoken: Slovak (official) 78.6%, Hungarian 9.4%, Roma 2.3%, Ruthenian 1%, other or unspecified 8.8% (2011 est.)
Reading about Slovakia
Check out the recommended reading list below for great sources of information on Slovakia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Air leakage aboard space station possibly caused by fracture
The ISS crew reported to the Flight Control Center on Thursday morning that the supposed leakage spot had been traced with the help of a tea bag
MOSCOW, October 15. /TASS/. The air could be leaking from the International Space Station (ISS) through a fracture in the intersection compartment of the Russian Zvezda module, Cosmonaut Ivan Vagner reported to Russia's Flight Control Center, according to a live broadcast on NASA's website on Thursday.
Russian cosmonauts trace air leak aboard orbital outpost with tea bag
"We have sent the photo and the video of the 'scratch,'" the cosmonaut said.
The Flight Control Center requested the crew to continue monitoring the fracture.
The ISS crew reported to the Flight Control Center on Thursday morning that the possible air leakage had been traced with the help of a tea bag. Russia's State Space Corporation Roscosmos told TASS that the Flight Control Center would soon give the crew instructions on holding checks to make sure that the cosmonauts had really found the air leak spot. Based on the work carried out, it will be possible to localize the air leak area, it said.
A source told TASS in August that the space station's Russian-American crew was working on tracing an air leak aboard the orbital outpost. As Russia's State Space Corporation Roscosmos later told TASS, the cosmonauts had come to the conclusion that the air leak was located in the Russian Zvezda module but posed no threat to the crew's life and health.
Over 30 OneWeb satellites delivered to Kourou spaceport for launch atop Soyuz rocket
The next step is to prepare the spacecraft at the technical compound of the European spaceport


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Antiferomagnetizam je način magnetskoga uređenja krute tvari, pri čemu su magnetski momenti susjednih atoma usmjereni antiparalelno jedan drugomu tako da je ukupna magnetizacija u odsutnosti vanjskoga magnetskoga polja jednaka nuli. Postoji u većini anorganskih spojeva prijelaznih metala i rijetkih zemalja. Također je uočen kod nekih metala (krom, mangan i drugi) i slitina. Grijanjem se takvo antiparalelno uređenje narušava, da bi potpuno nestalo iznad određene temperature, nazvane Néelova temperatura TN, po L.E.F. Néelu koji je 1936. predložio prvo objašnjenje antiferomagnetizma. Néelova temperatura je značajka pojedinog materijala (za MnF2 je TN = 67,4 K; za NiO je TN = 520 K; za Cr2O3 je TN = 310 K). Antiferomagneti pokazuju malu pozitivnu magnetsku susceptibilnost koja dostiže maksimum na TN. Iznad temperature prijelaza antiferomagneti postaju paramagneti.

Magnetizam

Magnetizam (prema magnetu koje dolazi od lat. magnes, genitiv magnetis < grč. Μαγνῆτıς λίϑος: kamen iz Magnezije) je skup pojava povezanih s magnetskim poljem i s ponašanjem tvari u magnetskom polju. Magnetska svojstva tvari potječu od magnetskih momenta atoma i njihovih međudjelovanja koja mogu stvoriti kolektivno magnetsko uređenje. Magnetizam atoma posljedica je magnetizma elektrona i atomske jezgre i njihovih međudjelovanja. Razlikuje se orbitalni magnetski moment, zbog gibanja elektrona oko atomske jezgre, i spinski magnetski moment, kao vlastito kvantnomehaničko svojstvo elektrona i jezgre. S obzirom na ponašanje u magnetskom polju, sve se tvari odlikuju svojom magnetskom permeabilnošću. Tako se mogu razlikovati dijamagnetične, paramagnetične, feromagnetične, ferimagnetične i antiferomagnetične tvari.

Ferimagnetizam

Ferimagnetizam je pojava kod koje se magnetski momenti susjednih atoma ili iona u ograničenim područjima kristala (domena), koja su feromagnetska, međusobno poništavaju, slično nizu stalnih (permanentnih) magneta nasuprotnih orijentacija. Takve tvari, ponajviše feriti, odlikuju se velikom električnom otpornošću koja je uzrokovana prelascima elektrona na granicama domena, a na temperaturama višima od Curiejeve, kao i feromagnetične, prelaze u paramagnetične tvari.

Paramagnetizam

Paramagnetizam je svojstvo mnogih tvari, kemijskih elemenata (na primjer aluminija i kisika) i kemijskih spojeva, koje obilježava relativna magnetska permeabilnost nešto veća od 1. To je u prirodi najčešći oblik magnetizma. Paramagnetične tvari u magnetskom polju dobivaju slab dodatni inducirani magnetizam istoga smjera kao i polje, koji nastaje djelomičnim usmjeravanjem atomskih magnetskih momenata i veći je na nižoj temperaturi. U paramagnetskom stanju magnetski momenti atoma slabo međusobno djeluju i nisu kolektivno uređeni. I te tvari ne pokazuju makroskopsku "magnetičnost", ali se, na primjer, kuglica od aluminija pri padu kroz jako polje potkovasta magneta usporava. Kod njih se zbog toplinskoga gibanja atoma ili iona stalno mijenjaju smjerovi rezultantnih magnetskih momenata tako da je ukupni magnetski moment jednak nuli, iako su im rezultantni magnetski momenti različiti od nule.

Izvori

Fizika čvrstog stanja
Elektromagnetizam

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The first consideration you need to make when buying window blinds are the kind of room you are going to put these essential interior decoration products. It is important to note that there are specific designs of window blinds that are better suited to particular places in your home. For example, restrooms require blinds that are dampness safe and give adequate privacy when shut. On the hand, studios need blinds that will allow enough natural light while family rooms with children are best suited with cordless window blinds for safety reasons. For rooms with windows that provide a scenic view of the surrounding you need to install blinds that open entirely, for example, vertical window blinds while small kitchen windows do not require any blinds.
The second tip you need to carefully examine when buying the best window blinds for your home is to understand the home interior decor because the blinds should complement your interior decoration. Your decision of window treatment ought to be such that it coordinates your room stylistic theme. You can upgrade the aesthetic intrigue of your rooms by including snappy and bright blinds. There are diverse styles and hues to fit the plan for your rooms. An individual can decide to buy wooden window blinds if they want to give their home that natural look, buy a linen blinds that has become so popular with wealthy people in the society given their touch of sophistication. When buying window blinds you need to have a budget and stick to your financial plan to ensure you do not overspend.
The third consideration you need to make when buying window blinds for your home is the privacy you require. Windows provide points of access to your home. Through the windows, an individual can be able to see their surrounding, however, this means that people around you can also look at your home. Window blinds can offer you varying degrees of privacy.


I'm so pleased to announce that we've completely rebuilt the foundation for MozBar, making it more robust and reliable, and we've launched a new MozBar Premium feature: On-Page Content Suggestions!
We're listening and taking it all to heart. Thank you for having our back with your excellent feedback!
So what the heck exactly happened in the first half of 2016?
We had a roadmap of features that we wanted to release in 2016, but soon realized MozBar hadn't been built to support the growth we had planned for it going forward. We wanted to continue to innovate but it just wasn't scalable.
For the longest time, all MozBar projects were shipped by a small, self-contained team consisting of a product manager (yours truly), a designer, and our contract developer. In May, our rockstar contract developer left to pursue his own projects. We had big dreams for MozBar but now found ourselves without a developer, without a process, and with big scalability issues on the horizon.
In the midst of all this, we found a major vulnerability to our API via MozBar. It was putting too much pressure on our servers and negatively affecting data for our users. To address this, we urgently needed to add in security layers, such as requiring a login and a CAPTCHA. This ended up being a really complicated process. As we attempted to roll out fixes, one new fix seemed to inevitably break something else. It was no fault of anyone person, just a symptom of the mounting technical debt we had accrued. Avid MozBar users quickly noticed the problems we were having. It was making their jobs harder — the antithesis of what MozBar was created for. We could not let this go on.
We knew what we needed to do.
We created a dedicated MozBar team to work all-hands-on-deck to rebuild MozBar from the ground up to make it fast, reliable, and ready to launch a new feature by the end of the year. And I'm happy to say, we did it! We made stabilizing MozBar our number-one priority and were able to build a new backend service that would resolve the data issues that plagued MozBar throughout all of summer 2016. This brand-new foundation would also give us a solid ground to launch innovative new features in a smart, sustainable way. After we stabilized MozBar, our first order of business was to revamp the Page Optimization feature of MozBar Premium (exclusive to Moz Pro customers) and add On-Page Content Suggestions!
How can On-Page Content Suggestions help you?
Content Suggestions helps you easily find ideas for the page you are optimizing to help build your topical authority. These suggestions are topics that are influencing the SERP for the keyword you're optimizing for. Use these content suggestions to beef up any thin content on your page and become the expert on your topic. As a bonus, you can even use content suggestions as a keyword list to help round out keywords you're already researching.
How does it work? We take the top results for the keyword you're optimizing for, extract the most popular topics, then order them by frequency. Sound familiar? This feature also lives in Moz Pro.
Be sure to check out an upcoming MozBar tutorial post from Brian Childs, Moz's very own product trainer, and sign up for the first-ever MozBar webinar he'll be hosting next week. Also keep an eye out for Rand's deep-dive post on how to get the biggest bang for your buck with On-Page Content Suggestions. You will not want to miss these.
I am so incredibly proud of the MozBar team and all of the contributions they've made to the toolbar in the past year. We know we still have room to improve and grow; believe me, there's a long list of things to do. There's also a long list of exciting new features that we have planned for you, too!
And most importantly, we are so appreciative of all of you who've stuck with us, have been vocal about issues as they pop up, and worked directly with us to troubleshoot issues that you've encountered. If it weren't for your feedback, support, and patience, we'd be in the dark, so thank you.
Roxana is an Associate Product Manager at Moz and works on all things MozBar. She loves startup life, and when she's not learning everything she can about product management, you can find her eating sriracha popcorn and watching a movie set in her favorite genre — the not-so-distant future.
I dont use MozBar bcoz sometimes my PC turns frozen, but anyway I do use open site explorer always. To me, it's the best option when I want to analize a web authority.
I'm gonna try to use MozBar again due to open site explorer doesn't show me the social marks.
This was long overdue. Really glad you guys revisited a product that alost EVERY seo uses or has used in the past.
As on onpage guy, im really looking to try it out.
I'm going to try it too, I tried to download it but I cannot find the way in Chrome, the update is automatic?
Close Chrome and open it again and it should be in you top bar or extension bar. If its still not working click the M icon / grey icon with a number and blue line underneath it. Should work then.
Thank you again and I look forward to using the MozBar all the time in 2017 and seeing new updates/features added to it in the months to come!
Have a question relating to schema: it appears the new toolbar isn't reading json-ld schema markup despite it showing in google's test environment.
We looked through your mozbar documentation and it looks like it's not being pulled; with more and more devs utilizing json-ld for a non-intrusive schema markup do you have plans on adding?
As one of the first things that brought me to Moz, even during its trying times in 2016, I'm glad to see its not been forgotten; but better yet, expanded.
The push for SEO appears to be working guys. Keep it up!
Yes, I remember the struggle when I couldn't see the number of LRDs and the SPAM score in MozBar. The new version runs fine and I haven't experienced issues with it. Great work!
Glad to hear that MOZ Bar is Rebuilt with brand new features. Like me, all SEO folks were waiting for a long for this upgraded Mozbar. because MOZ Bar has been a great SEO tool ever.
Great news! Thank you for rebuilding and bringing back a stable, useful Mozbar. I also applaud you for acknowledging the problems. I'd stopped using it but have now installed it again and first impressions are very positive. Well done and thank you.
Being in SEO professional and also being a fan of MOz I have been waiting for MozBar, thanks for the re-building it. I just downloaded it and ready for further use.
Any plans for Safari version?
Thanks, Peter! We do have this on our roadmap, but we don't have a date for it just yet. We will definitely keep you posted.
Thanks for your reply, Roxana. Could you please also comment on Firefox? I have the same question other posters above have with respect Firefox.
As of now, MozBar is only available on Chrome. We do have a version for Firefox on our roadmap, but don't have a date yet. We will be sure to keep everyone updated as soon as we have any news.
Glad a Safari version is on the roadmap! Great to have more options for website testing and all.
This MozBar rebuilt is a relief after all the storm to Moz's products in 2016. Love the Bar but it felt antiquated, buggy, BUT now with a new foundation and dedicated team we can look forward to more features!
Roxana, great to hear about the on-page content suggestions feature! That'll be an indispensable tool for me, as I've often been in the dark trying to figure out what secondary keywords I should be using to support the keyword I'd like to rank for.
I'm using Chrome Version 55.0.2883.87.
I reinstalled Mozbar but it still doesn't work.
Mozbar keeps asking me to login and I have done.
Is that something wrong on my side?
Remove-reinstall, clear cache have been done.
sorry but new mozbar dont work good. Show some data from some websites, but another show nothing. what we can do?
It would be really useful if when looking at the ranking pages for a keyword, it supplies the URL's from a specified version of Google. Would help us guys in the UK out!
Doesn't work at all for me now in chrome whilst logged into Moz, you guys just get worse. Will you be fixing it soon?
So sorry for the inconvenience. We found a bug and have been working to resolve it. We are hoping to have this stabilized within the next couple of hours.
MozBar is incredible. For me and for my clients, it's one of the most important pluggin for Chrome. Thank you very much for the explanation, Roxana! Great job!
It will be amazing to work again with MozBar tool but for this, we'll have to work only on chrome until it becomes compatible with other browsers.
Clicking "Log In" on the chrome bar redirects to this article. Tried in incognito and still having logging in issues. Re-installed the extension and yet again problems. Not sure you guys have ironed out all the bugs yet.
Great work guys, this is awesome news! I'm reinstalling now. I had removed it primarily because of speed issues, but I look forward to using again.
Glad to see MozBar was overhauled. I'me excited about the current/new functionality, but it also sounds like there is going to be more improvements to come from you guys which I'm looking forward to!
This is something we all SEO's was looking for. Finally, a tool that helped a lot of us will again boost our efforts. Thanks for this Moz team, would love to use.
Does it work on Firefox yet ?
Thanks for your question. I'm sorry, MozBar is not currently available for Firefox, but it is on our roadmap. We don't have a release date set, but we will definitely keep you posted as soon as we have an update.
Great news Roxana. Mozbar can be really easy and powerful tool. Will the webinar be recorded?
Yes, the webinar will be recorded. Be sure to sign up for it to get your name on the list. We'll email it to you if you are not able to attend.
Can you comment on why the MozBar needs to "Read and change all your data on the websites you visit"? That sounds a little scary. Normally I would never install a toolbar that does that.
Thanks for the question. I agree, it does sound a little scary. But I can assure you, it is a fundamental permission for an extension; we've got to be able to read your search results data in order to analyze it/enhance it with our data. Also, I want to note that we never track browser usage data. I hope this helps!
i am working with moz bar anothar time by this post.
That sounds great and all... but a month after this update and it still doesn't work.
Great Changes in Moz Bar, One of the best thing is that i can find my website spam score directly.
The Moz Bar looks and works great now. It really feels like a big update and I love using it. Also, props for being so transparent and forward with us, this community really makes you feel like SEO Home.
I Am New here and i don't know anything about this so please someone help me tell me about this..
Interesting update which will be hugely beneficial to the community.
Do the on-page content suggestions pull from a US centric database? I'm in the UK and a number of the recommendations seem US focused. Is there an option to chose, as you can in Keyword Explorer?
This is great stuff, Roxanne. Thanks a lot for sharing! I've often struggled with keyword combination across different web pages. Will definitely give MozBar a try and get back to you.
Hey Roxana. I was using the toolbar on Firefox when I was having issues with it a few months back and so decided to uninstall it and stop using it. I noticed that this post (and the dedicated MozBar page) talk about downloading it for Chrome, but not Firefox. Is it only available in Chrome? What about the Firefox version? Thanks.
Yes, unfortunately we had to remove the Firefox version of MozBar. We know how important it is to our customers and we do have plans to enable it again for Firefox, however we don't have a date set just yet. We will keep you updated as soon as we have any news.
Ok - thanks for explaining, Roxana.
I love Moz (been an advocate for years), but I'm disappointed that you simply didn't say this in the post. I'm sure it was the case that it simply got missed out, but it seems like you were trying to hide it, hoping no one would notice or query it (and that old Firefox users - of which there were a few of us, going by the comments - would just go with Chrome instead). Not very TAGFEE IMO.
I sincerely apologize for giving the impression that we were trying to hide anything. Not my intention at all. I had written a Q&A post about it previously, but you are right, I should have reiterated it in this post. That was my oversight and I take responsibility for it. I will add an update to this post explaining what happened with Firefox.


text:
Carole Mae Franz Lewis
Recommend Carole's obituary to your friends
Send Flowers for Carole
Obituary of Carole Mae Franz Lewis
Carole Franz Lewis, 84, passed away peacefully on March 1, 2020. Born November 18, 1935 in Weehawken, NJ to the late Carl Joseph and Esta Lillian (Wilson) Franz, Carole was raised in Wilmington, Delaware and resided in Readington Township, NJ for forty-three years with her beloved husband, William McKinley Lewis Jr., to whom she was married for fifty-nine years.
Carole attended the University of Delaware and then Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Art to pursue her keen interest in fine arts and fashion illustration, later applying her artistic talent to working as a Fashion Illustrator for the once iconic retailer Epstein's in Morristown NJ, where she illustrated seasonal dresses and women's apparel that appeared in the store's newspaper advertising.
At the heart of Carole's life was her dedication to her family and her love of "elegant creativity" which she expressed through many different outlets including interior decorating, gourmet cooking and entertaining. For many years, she was also a tireless volunteer who supported Stanton Holly Trail, NJ's longest running Christmas-decorated house tour that continues to benefit central New Jersey charities.
Carole also played a quiet but formative role in the planning and execution of the New Jersey Festival of Ballooning, which was founded by her husband Bill in the 1980s. The selection and management of the numerous food and craft vendors, which helped shape the festival's experience for attendees, was handled by Carole who brought her artistic sensibility to this annual event with great enthusiasm. Regarded as one of NJ's premier family entertainment attractions, the festival continues today, now sponsored by the NJ Lottery, as the largest annual hot air balloon event in the tri-state area.
Family vacations spent at Long Beach, Island, NJ were also a cherished part of Carole's life for more than 30 years, where she especially reveled in spending time with her growing flock of grandchildren. To Carole's friends and neighbors, she will be remembered as a woman of great energy, grace and kindness.
Carole was predeceased by her husband Bill in 2018.
Carole is survived by her three daughters Lisa and Jeff (Brodhead), Kari and Michael (Zeman) and Aimee and Edward (Seaver); and seven grandchildren: Christian (and Cozette) Koenig, Alexandra Koenig; Julia Zeman, Elizabeth Zeman; McKinley Seaver, Martha "Mopsey" Seaver and Ella Seaver; her sister Enid Franz (and David Powers) and brother Eric (and Jetta) Franz.
There will be a private family service as a Celebration of Carole's Life, and she will be laid to rest next to her husband in the family plot at Hilltop Cemetery in Mendham, NJ.
In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to Alzheimer's Foundation at www.alz.org/nj


When handled properly, treated wood does not present a health risk. And when it comes to the safe use of treated wood, many of the same safety rules for using untreated wood apply.
When the work is completed, wash areas of skin contact thoroughly before eating or drinking.
Dispose of treated wood by ordinary trash collection or burial. Do not burn treated wood.
The pressure treatment of wood does not prevent the normal passage of moisture in and out of the lumber, so proper storage (before and during construction) is important. Treated lumber should be stacked and stored in the same manner as untreated wood.


text:
Dealing with Pagans
The Council of Constance in 1414 has been mentioned before—or, at least, its outcomes. It was at this, the 16th ecumenical council recognized by the Roman Catholic Church, that Jan Hus and John Wycliffe were both condemned as heretics. There was more to the Council than that, however.
It also dealt with the Three Popes Controversy, forcing the ouster of antipopes John XXIII, Gregory XII, and Benedict XIII; they elected Pope Martin V.
One of the largest debates at the Council took place over the subject of how to deal with pagans. A few years earlier, the Teutonic Knights had fought against Poland and Lithuania; an uneasy and oft-broken peace existed between the players in that conflict, turning into another war in 1414. The Council of Constance was chosen as the place to decide the matter between the groups. The debate blossomed into a larger issue than where the borders should be: did the Teutonic Knights have a right to start the war in 1411? They had done so as a Crusade against the pagan inhabitants of those regions, intending to force them to convert to Christianity.
A doctor of canon law named Paulus Vladimir delivered an essay called Tractatus de potestate papa et imperatoris respect infidelium [Treatise on the power of the pope and emperor respecting infidels], in which he argued that a forced conversion was a violation of the right of free will granted by God. Free will was necessary for a true conversion. He claimed the Teutonic Knights could only wage a war if the enemy had done something to violate natural rights of Christians.
The opposing view said that the pope had every right to condemn pagans simply for being non-Christians. The loudest proponent of this view, John of Falkenburg, was condemned and imprisoned for his views, and for calling the Polish king a "mad dog."
The Council could not come to a conclusion, however. They established a diocese in Poland so that Christianity could be introduced more peacefully. The Polish-Teutonic wars resumed, on and off, for another century.
Labels: antipopes, Council of Constance, Jan Hus, John of Falkenburg, John Wycliffe, Lithuania, Paulus Vladimir, Poland, Pope Benedict XIII, Pope Gregory XII, Pope John XXIII, Pope Martin V, Teutonic Knights
The Liberal Alcuin of York
Bishop in Hiding
Pachomius
Anthemius of Tralles
The Dome of Holy Wisdom
Damascus - Some History
The Rule of Augustine
Romsey Abbey: Its Ups & Downs
To Marry a Nun


Sino-Italy Ningbo Ecological Industrial Park (SINEPARK) is an agency of Ningbo People's Government, under the municipal authority for economic management. It is a top-level modern demonstration park established by both, Chinese and Italian governments. It is also a new industrial area characterized by friendly ecology, sustainable innovation and cultural values. The planned total development and construction area of the park is 40 square kilometers. The planned area in the first phase is 40 square kilometers, while the expanded area in the second phase will be 16 square kilometers. With the four core functions of manufacturing, business service, education and training, and ecological leisure, the Park will cover "Two Lakes and Five Districts": the "Two Lakes" area includes the Southlake City Residential Area and the Northlake City Residential Area, while the "Five Districts" area includes the Central Composit Island, the Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industrial Base, the Research and Development Innovation Base, the Life and Health Industrial Base, and the Advanced Equipment Manufacturing Base.


text:
package org.hisp.dhis.period;

import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.hisp.dhis.calendar.DateTimeUnit;

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * PeriodType for quarterly Periods. A valid quarterly Period has startDate set
 * to the first day of a calendar quarter, and endDate set to the last day of
 * the same quarter.
 *
 * @author Torgeir Lorange Ostby
 * @version $Id: QuarterlyPeriodType.java 2971 2007-03-03 18:54:56Z torgeilo $
 */
public class QuarterlyPeriodType
    extends CalendarPeriodType
{
    /**
     * Determines if a de-serialized file is compatible with this class.
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5973809094923012052L;

    private static final String ISO_FORMAT = "yyyyQn";

    private static final String ISO8601_DURATION = "P1Q";

    /**
     * The name of the QuarterlyPeriodType, which is "Quarterly".
     */
    public static final String NAME = "Quarterly";

    public static final int FREQUENCY_ORDER = 91;

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // PeriodType functionality
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Override
    public String getName()
    {
        return NAME;
    }

    @Override
    public Period createPeriod( DateTimeUnit dateTimeUnit, org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar calendar )
    {
        DateTimeUnit start = new DateTimeUnit( dateTimeUnit );

        start.setMonth( ((dateTimeUnit.getMonth() - 1) - ((dateTimeUnit.getMonth() - 1) % 3)) + 1 );
        start.setDay( 1 );

        if ( start.getMonth() > 12 )
        {
            start.setYear( start.getYear() + 1 );
            start.setMonth( 1 );
        }

        DateTimeUnit end = new DateTimeUnit( start );
        end = calendar.plusMonths( end, 2 );
        end.setDay( calendar.daysInMonth( end.getYear(), end.getMonth() ) );

        return toIsoPeriod( start, end, calendar );
    }

    @Override
    public int getFrequencyOrder()
    {
        return FREQUENCY_ORDER;
    }

    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // CalendarPeriodType functionality
    // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

    @Override
    public Period getNextPeriod( Period period, org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar calendar )
    {
        DateTimeUnit dateTimeUnit = createLocalDateUnitInstance( period.getStartDate(), calendar );
        dateTimeUnit = calendar.plusMonths( dateTimeUnit, 3 );

        return createPeriod( dateTimeUnit, calendar );
    }

    @Override
    public Period getPreviousPeriod( Period period, org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar calendar )
    {
        DateTimeUnit dateTimeUnit = createLocalDateUnitInstance( period.getStartDate(), calendar );
        dateTimeUnit = calendar.minusMonths( dateTimeUnit, 3 );

        return createPeriod( dateTimeUnit, calendar );
    }

    /**
     * Generates quarterly Periods for the whole year in which the given
     * Period's startDate exists.
     */
    @Override
    public List<Period> generatePeriods( DateTimeUnit dateTimeUnit )
    {
        org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar cal = getCalendar();

        dateTimeUnit.setMonth( 1 );
        dateTimeUnit.setDay( 1 );

        int year = dateTimeUnit.getYear();
        List<Period> periods = Lists.newArrayList();

        while ( year == dateTimeUnit.getYear() )
        {
            periods.add( createPeriod( dateTimeUnit, cal ) );
            dateTimeUnit = cal.plusMonths( dateTimeUnit, 3 );
        }

        return periods;
    }

    /**
     * Generates the last 4 quarters where the last one is the quarter which the
     * given date is inside.
     */
    @Override
    public List<Period> generateRollingPeriods( Date date )
    {
        date = createPeriod( date ).getStartDate();

        return generateRollingPeriods( createLocalDateUnitInstance( date ) );
    }

    @Override
    public List<Period> generateRollingPeriods( DateTimeUnit dateTimeUnit )
    {
        org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar cal = getCalendar();

        dateTimeUnit.setDay( 1 );

        dateTimeUnit = cal.minusMonths( dateTimeUnit, 9 );

        List<Period> periods = Lists.newArrayList();

        for ( int i = 0; i < 4; i++ )
        {
            periods.add( createPeriod( dateTimeUnit, cal ) );
            dateTimeUnit = cal.plusMonths( dateTimeUnit, 3 );
        }

        return periods;
    }

    @Override
    public String getIsoDate( DateTimeUnit dateTimeUnit, org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar calendar  )
    {
        switch ( dateTimeUnit.getMonth() )
        {
            case 1:
                return dateTimeUnit.getYear() + "Q1";
            case 4:
                return dateTimeUnit.getYear() + "Q2";
            case 7:
                return dateTimeUnit.getYear() + "Q3";
            case 10:
                return dateTimeUnit.getYear() + "Q4";
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Month not valid [1,4,7,10], was given " + dateTimeUnit.getMonth() );
        }
    }

    /**
     * n refers to the quarter, can be [1-4].
     */
    @Override
    public String getIsoFormat()
    {
        return ISO_FORMAT;
    }

    @Override
    public String getIso8601Duration()
    {
        return ISO8601_DURATION;
    }

    public enum Quarter
    {
        Q1( Calendar.JANUARY ), Q2( Calendar.APRIL ), Q3( Calendar.JULY ), Q4( Calendar.OCTOBER );

        private final int month;

        Quarter( int month )
        {
            this.month = month;
        }

        public int getMonth()
        {
            return month;
        }

        public static Quarter getByMonth( int month )
        {
            switch ( month )
            {
                case Calendar.JANUARY:
                    return Q1;
                case Calendar.APRIL:
                    return Q2;
                case Calendar.JULY:
                    return Q3;
                case Calendar.OCTOBER:
                    return Q4;
                default:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Not a valid quarterly starting month" );
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Date getRewindedDate( Date date, Integer rewindedPeriods )
    {
        org.hisp.dhis.calendar.Calendar cal = getCalendar();

        date = date != null ? date : new Date();
        rewindedPeriods = rewindedPeriods != null ? rewindedPeriods : 1;

        DateTimeUnit dateTimeUnit = createLocalDateUnitInstance( date );
        dateTimeUnit = cal.minusMonths( dateTimeUnit, rewindedPeriods * 3 );

        return cal.toIso( dateTimeUnit ).toJdkDate();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Choosing the best place to buy fashions and luxury products may not be as easy as you expect. This is on the account that more than one shops are there selling these products. In this page we will be advising you on some the tips for selecting the best shop where you can shop for quality luxury and fashion products.
Request for proposals. Its necessary that you seek for advice from the people that you have seen using the products that you want to buy so that they will give you the directions of where you can buy them. You have to make sure that the person you are consulting from is someone you can trust. Ensure you look for recommendations from different people so that you will find the shop that will be mentioned by many people. Seeking the recommendations from the people will save you time looking for the best supplier.
Determine the experience of the supplier in the business. The shop that has been existing for more than 5 years is the best to choose for the purchase of these products. This is on the account that the supplier has mastered these products and therefore s/he will make sure that the customers get the best products that meet their needs.
The product prices. Many people think they have enough money and they don't have to care for the prices for the products. Its advised that you have a spending plan when you are planning to buy the products. If you choose any shop online you are likely to buy the same products that you could have bought at reduced prices at very high prices. The supplier that allows for bargaining is the best to choose because you can ask them to sell the products at a cheaper price.
The nature of the products that are being sold. The quality of the products is something that you should not assume when you are selecting the best shop to buy the home items. Consider the shop that has been popularly referred to be selling the high-class fashion. Consider when the recent stock was stocked so that you will know the flow of the products to and from the shop. If the shop has new arrivals day after day it implies that the products are excellent and the client like them. Additionally the source of these new arrivals can help you to have an insight into the quality of the products.


Educational psychologist Dr John Irvine and teacher John Stewart have written a practical guide to help children thrive in their early school years. Here they share just a few of their tips for parents.
The traditional 3Rs (reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic) may be fine for educating smart kids but they are not adequate for growing smart learners and helping them thrive. Help is at hand with a practical guide! Here are some tips from the guide to assist.
On the other hand, our 3Rs are basic but they are about the whole child – Respect for adults, Responsibility for themselves and Relationships with peers. How can parents promote these values? They're basic, they're caught, not taught – just live them! These core values strengthen positive attitudes needed for learning.
The positive attitudes that can promote successful learning are motivation, confidence, persistence and resilience. All kids have these attitudes. It's just that those who are thriving as learners in school use these attitudes in their approach to learning. They seem to have more of these qualities, and they use them more often.
To thrive as a learner, to be engaged in the learning process, kids need to become motivated. It is clear that parents who push agendas and don't guide are really asserting their own needs. Kids aren't stupid – they work it out. Sooner or later there will be a clash. If your child does not feel or acknowledge a "need", he will get to an age and then rebel. We should motivate kids so that their drive comes from their own sense of need – their desire – not what we shovel onto them.
One way of motivating boys and girls hinges on five basic needs – the basic need for survival plus the four psychological needs of belonging, power, freedom and fun. For example, belonging increases via things like time spent alone with Dad, Mum and friends who guide and nurture, and taking part in a team sport, clubs or groups.
Power increases via doing jobs around the house – taking responsibility for some part of domestic life (e.g. pool, pets, room, lawn, etc.), and receiving and managing pocket money. Freedom increases via choices with outings, mates, party invitees, selection of books to be borrowed from the library and timing for doing daily routines and jobs.
Confidence is a crucial attitude to have when it comes to learning. Confidence increases our self-esteem, and self-esteem is needed to increase confidence. Self esteem, mixed with our willingness to engage in a new task, fuels the ignition stage of learning anything new!
Children learn a lot from your modelling. If parents lack confidence or feel powerless and anxious, it is more than likely their children will, too. Some of the things you can do include: give praise and positive reinforcement, encourage your child to take on challenges. Be an active listener; listen carefully, paying full attention. If you are disciplining your child, focus on the inappropriate action, not the person. Laugh with your child; humour is a wonderful device for making us feel connected.
Children who lack persistence give up. There can be displays of despair and anger if they don't know an answer immediately. The catchphrase is usually, "I can't do this; it's too hard!" Some children just throw down any old answer: this can be work avoidance.
Be clear about your support role: too often parents step in to give a helping hand, but instead give the answer. Always give strategies or clues; don't just give the answer. If you do have to give the answer, take your child through the steps needed – show them how you worked it out.
From an early age, when children are exploring and experimenting, don't get into the habit of making it easy for them; let them try, re-try and fail a bit, and come back to it later. You might be surprised to find they will return to it if you praise them for their effort.
Another helpful tip: break down a task (called "chunking"). What seems a huge, complex problem is really just a lot of little tasks. If there is a large sheet of questions, colour them in groups of three, five or seven (these are the groups our working memory favours most). Encourage your child to tackle each group, one at a time.
As much as we want our kids to be happy, things do go wrong at times. Resilient kids tend to be optimistic and confident. They don't just live the problem, but actively try to solve it; they are alert and not overly dependent on others.
What erodes resilience are things like always bailing children out, covering for them or protecting them from anything unpleasant or boring or tedious and becoming involved too soon in their problems instead of letting them try to solve their own challenges.
To help make kids more resilient acknowledge the pain and worry that he/she is currently feeling, but be positive by looking to the future, and highlight the valuable lessons he/she is learning.
Use humour to counteract feeling bad. This has to be done sensitively, and timing is everything. Give unconditional love – reinforce that your child is loved and is okay, even when others tell them that they are not.


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Tag Archive for: Seoul
The Stream, June 22: South Australia To Spend $2 Million On Campaign For Murray Water
South Australia has allocated $2 million to support its bid to…
https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Circle-of-Blue-Water-Speaks-600x139.png 0 0 Codi Kozacek https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Circle-of-Blue-Water-Speaks-600x139.png Codi Kozacek2012-06-22 08:00:382012-06-21 12:30:41The Stream, June 22: South Australia To Spend $2 Million On Campaign For Murray Water
The Stream, July 28: U.S. Shale Gas and Russia's Energy Influence
The shale gas boom in the United States has weakened Russia's…
https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Circle-of-Blue-Water-Speaks-600x139.png 0 0 Nadya Ivanova https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Circle-of-Blue-Water-Speaks-600x139.png Nadya Ivanova2011-07-28 08:15:202011-08-03 13:21:55The Stream, July 28: U.S. Shale Gas and Russia's Energy Influence
Infographic: Beijing Water Use and Population Statistics
The population of China's capital has doubled since 1980, and, though agricultural and industrial water use is down, municipal use is up.
https://i0.wp.com/www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/stats-01.png?fit=590%2C464&ssl=1 464 590 Circle of Blue https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Circle-of-Blue-Water-Speaks-600x139.png Circle of Blue2011-05-06 07:43:012015-12-13 22:11:10Infographic: Beijing Water Use and Population Statistics
Buried for Decades, Urban Waterways Are Natural Cure for Concrete World
Among the losers of the great twentieth century urbanization were the rivers and streams in cities around the world, soon to be sharing their space with millions of new people.
https://i0.wp.com/www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/cheonggyecheon2.jpg?fit=292%2C202&ssl=1 202 292 Alex Lane https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Circle-of-Blue-Water-Speaks-600x139.png Alex Lane2009-07-22 22:49:142009-07-23 11:29:42Buried for Decades, Urban Waterways Are Natural Cure for Concrete World


This is a 1.78 mi Other in South Gate, CA, United States. The Other has a total ascent of 18.68 ft and has a maximum elevation of 144.32 ft. This route was created by miktubo on 03/15/2010. View other Others that miktubo has done or find similar maps in Cudahy.


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Colts draft pick will be announced live in downtown Muncie
Corey Ohlenkamp
MUNCIE, Ind. — The Indianapolis Colts and the National Football League are coming to Muncie for a day.
A celebration at Canan Commons will include family activities and representatives from the Colts on the day of the 2019 NFL Draft, and as part of that, one of the Colts' draft picks will be announced live from downtown Muncie.
This is all happening because of a piece of Muncie history that some residents might not even know about. Muncie is one of 13 communities that were home to the 14 teams of the league's inaugural season, and the NFL is honoring those communities as part of its "NFL 100" centennial celebration.
Muncie's Draft Day Tailgate
Never heard of the Congerville Flyers? We'll get to that. First, here are the details of April 27:
Muncie's Draft Day Tailgate event will run 2-5:30 p.m. on April 27 at Canan Commons and will feature a DJ, lawn games, football-themed inflatables, a meet-and-greet tent, food trucks and a photo booth.
The event will culminate in the Colts' 6th-round pick being announced from Canan Commons. The pick will be announced by former Colts player Bill Brooks, two Colts cheerleaders and a Verizon customer (winner of a Draft Day prize package).
Brooks was a wide receiver for the Indianapolis Colts from 1986–1992. He was the first player inducted into the Indianapolis Colts Ring of Honor. Brooks and the cheerleaders will be available to sign autographs and take photos with fans at the Draft Day Tailgate event.
Round 6 of the draft pick is expected to begin no earlier than 3:10 p.m. and end no later than 5:20 p.m.
NFL mock draft 2019:Colts going defensive in first round
The Delaware County Historical Society will also provide an exhibit on the Muncie "Congerville" Flyers.
Muncie is one of the eight "Original Towns" outside of the 32 current NFL markets that will announce a pick via live telecast.
Coaches, players and cheerleaders from Ball State, local high schools and John Frank Football League are expected to be in attendance, as well as other Muncie-based NFL alumni.
The NFL and the Muncie Flyers
Muncie's foray into the professional football world was brief, but it holds a place in the history books.
The Muncie Flyers, known as the Congerville Flyers outside of their NFL involvement, were one of the founding teams of the American Professional Football Association, which later became the NFL.
The Flyers played in the first two seasons of the league.
Football history:How the Muncie Flyers were formed and faded away
"A lot of people were aware of the Muncie Flyers, but hadn't thought about it in a long time," Vicki Veach, executive director for the Muncie Downtown Development Partnership said. "It's been fun to watch reactions."
Muncie's team featured names like Mickey Babe, coach/fullback Ken Huffine, and Toad and Cooney Checkaye, the latter of whom played quarterback and was a tactician ahead of his time according to a column published when he died.
The fame for the team was short lived.
As the league moved forward into what would eventually become the NFL, the Flyers didn't make the jump. After a series of canceled games and financial backers dropping out, the Flyers were relegated to a football club; playing small games against local opponents.
Don't be afraid to admit if you hadn't ever heard of the Muncie Flyers before. Even some officials needed to be brought up to speed initially.
Cheryl Crowder, events director with the Muncie Downtown Development Partnership, said she got caught up on the history of the Flyers from local historian Chris Flook, who writes a regular history column called "Bygone Muncie" with the Star Press.
►Bygone Muncie: Delaware County played its part in the First World War
►Bygone Muncie: White River still winds through Muncie
Downtown on a national scale
The chance for the city to pair up with a major league sports team was an exciting one for local officials, and according to them provides Muncie with a chance to shine.
"The first time they called me I thought it was somebody joking with us," Mayor Dennis Tyler said. "It's just gotten more exciting daily."
Other major sports teams like the Cincinnati Reds have made Muncie an annual stop on their caravan tour. Tyler says this gives the city a chance to put its best foot forward.
"People all over the country, that are watching the NFL draft network, will get to see Muncie, Indiana in all of its glory downtown," Tyler said. He expects high turnout for the event.
The Flyers, according to the mayor, were the epitome of the middle-class, hardworking cities that are on the NFL's "original" list.
Jim Mansfield, executive director of the Muncie Visitors Bureau also spoke about the Flyers' tenacity.
"The Flyers were known as rugged, tenacious individuals that would give an outstanding effort every time they suited up, and that's been the trademark style of this community and its people ever since," Mansfield said in a press release.
The 13 "Original Towns" of the NFL are:
Akron, Ohio (Akron Pros)
Buffalo, New York (Buffalo All-Americans)
Canton, Ohio (Canton Bulldogs)
Chicago, Illinois (Racine Cardinals, Chicago Tigers)
Cleveland, Ohio (Cleveland Tigers)
Columbus, Ohio (Columbus Panhandles)
Dayton, Ohio (Dayton Triangles)
Decatur, Illinois (Decatur Staleys)
Detroit, Michigan (Detroit Heralds)
Hammond, Indiana (Hammond Pros)
Muncie, Indiana (Muncie Flyers)
Rochester, New York (Rochester Jeffersons)
Rock Island, Illinois (Rock Island Independents
Veach and Crowder said that even more details about the event will be coming out as the date gets closer.
"We would really love to have a sea of support behind the people making the draft pick when we get our minute of national coverage," Crowder said. Officials said they want to see the event take over downtown during that day.
Veach said that the extensive planning that has gone into the event has helped spur a partnership with the Colts and that more events were possible in the future.
"We hope to have some more announcements very soon" Veach said.
For more information on Muncie's Draft Day Tailgate event, visit downtownmuncie.org. To learn more about how the NFL is celebrating its 100th season, visit NFL.com/100.


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Published on January 19, 2020 January 19, 2020
After the Chattanooga Women's Rally on Saturday experienced a low turnout of around 80 people, controversially changing its direction from a protest march to a non-activist event including a conservative speaker, organizers announced that it would be seeking men to manage next year's event. "Sometimes you just need a big, strong, smart man to open
Published on December 27, 2019 December 27, 2019
Like a father teaching his son how to shave, construction workers on the delayed Highway 27 project have started teaching their children and grandchildren the skills they will need to complete the project. Although the work was scheduled to have a January 28, 2020 completion date, that deadline will not be met, and an extension
Published on September 14, 2019 September 14, 2019
Culture/Health
After performing last year at Chattanooga's Tivoli Theatre, street magician and death-defying endurance artist David Blaine said that he would be making a surprise return to Chattanooga this weekend to perform one of the riskiest stunts of his career: to drink an entire glass of tap water that has not been boiled, despite Tennessee American
In response to a water outage caused by a 36-inch water main break, Chattanooga residents are urged to conserve water while service is being restored, except for hospitals and bikini car washes. "Please, let's all try to be responsible citizens during this challenging time, and only use water for the most important reasons, like when
Business/Food/Drink
After a water main break occurred Thursday evening, disrupting water supplies to areas including downtown and North Chattanooga, local breweries came to the rescue by replacing water with delicious craft beer. "As you know, there have been over 70 new breweries that have opened up in Chattanooga in the last five years," said local brewer
Published on August 29, 2019 August 29, 2019
While rampant speculation remains about whether or not developer John Wise intends to facilitate the move of the Pilgrim's Pride chicken plant from downtown to property he purchased in Dade County, Georgia, it was announced today that four new chicken plants would open in downtown Chattanooga to meet the high demand for chicken sandwiches. "People
All city areas to be renamed after New York City neighborhoods
Culture/Politics
An agreement between the city of Chattanooga and local developers was made to gradually rename all parts of Chattanooga after New York City neighborhoods. "The 'West Village' of Chattanooga was our test run, and it has been a resounding success," said local developer Trudy Bendberry. "When you stroll past the outdoor 'ARTSY' word sculpture, you
Samuel L. Jackson to star in "Snakes in a Toilet"
Published on July 13, 2019 July 13, 2019
After two separate reports of local residents finding snakes in their toilets, former Chattanooga resident Samuel L. Jackson announced that he would star in a new movie entitled "Snakes in a Toilet," which would be a sequel of the 2006 film "Snakes on a Plane." "I have had it with these motherfucking snakes in these
Festival rules say Riverbend wristbands must be worn until death
Published on May 29, 2019 May 29, 2019
Culture/Riverbend
Attendees of the newly revamped 4-day Riverbend Festival, which began today, were shocked to learn that their admission wristbands must be worn until they die. "I knew that you weren't allowed to remove your wristband until the end of the festival," said Riverbend attendee Butch Ausphot, while squinting at the wristband. "But by golly, there
Clippy makes surprise visit to Howard School
The students and teachers of Howard School were surprised today by a visit from Clippy, the anthropomorphic paper clip from Microsoft Office software, on its annual Awards Day. "It looks like you're graduating from Howard School!" said Clippy, who was floating in mid-air on a sheet of yellow notepad paper. "Would you like help writing


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Royal Escape is a historical novel written by Georgette Heyer about the escape of Charles II. It is set in 1651 during the English Commonwealth.

Plot summary
Two years after the execution of his father (Charles I) 21-year-old Charles II and his men fail miserably to free his kingdom from the tyrannical rule of Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Worcester. The King would rather die trying to restore the monarchy than sit by and watch the power of the English Commonwealth grow under its corrupt leaders. He decides to disguise himself as a peasant; at his first hiding-place at Boscobel, an estate wherein lived five catholic brothers called Pendrell, the King is dressed in a coarse noggen shirt, with breeches of coarse green cloth and a doeskin leather doublet. Charles is given a pair of patched stockings and a long, white, greasy steeple-crowned hat to wear, and his hair is cut to look like a peasant's, short on top but long at the sides. The Pendrells quickly teach Charles how to speak with a local accent and how to walk like a labourer. The novel concerns his daring trek, partly on foot, from Worcester to Shoreham, whence he sails to France to wait for the right time to return to England and claim his kingdom.

1938 British novels
Novels by Georgette Heyer
Historical novels
Fiction set in 1651
Novels set in the 17th century
Heinemann (publisher) books


UBP | Unsurprisingly, the ECB kept its monetary policy unchanged. Corporate bonds buying are going to start on June 8th and the TLTRO on June 22nd.
UBS | President Draghi surprised the market positively, both in terms of the magnitude of some of the expected moves (QE extension in the upper end of the range) and also implementing new measures (acquisition of non-financial IG bonds in its asset purchases, and new targeted TLTRO). For (retail) banks like the Spanish, the balance of ECB's actions has to be considered as positive, especially if trends seen in the swap market are confirmed in Euribor fixings.
MADRID | The Corner | As expected, the impact of the ECB's second TLTRO, aimed at spurring credit to SMEs, was smaller than expected. Eurozone banks asked for €129.8 billion ($161.29 billion) in four-year loans, more than the nearly €83 billion provided in the previous offer in mid-September, but below the €150 billion expected by market watchers. Some believe this will increase pressure on Frankfurt to launch broadened QE on 22 January, the scheduled date for the next ECB meeting.
By Giuseppe Maraffino (Barclays) | On Thursday, December 11, the ECB will carry out its second TLTRO. The allotment results will be out at about 10:15 London time. The size of the new liquidity injected will be clear on the settlement of the operation, on Wednesday, 17 December, which is also the settlement day of next week's MRO and of the weekly 3y LTRO repayment. However, the announcement on Friday, December 12, of next week's 3y LTRO repayment will provide some insights on the new liquidity injected.
MADRID | The Corner | All markets eyes are set on the ECB's second offer of cheap four-year loans (TLTRO), which will take place next Thursday and are aimed to revive the eurozone's battered economy and try to boost lending to SMEs. As a matter of fact, this second round will be important as any decision about launching a QE program will be influenced by how the banks respond to Thursday's liquidity open bar.
Silent whispers: Do murmurings of disaffection within ECB point to mounting obstacles for Draghi?
MADRID | By Ana Fuentes | Was Mario Draghi reckless to announce an ECB balance sheet expansion target? According to Reuters, some of his colleagues at the central bank are particularly aggrieved about a perceived " secretive management style and erratic communication" and they will apparently "urge him to act more collegially". Could this leak be the beginning of a larger problem for the ECB chief? The bank was unwilling to comment on Wednesday.
MADRID | By Jaime Santisteban | After successive quarters of economic expansion, increased demand and rises in industrial production which had triggered widespread optimism, the economic recovery has lost momentum in the Eurozone, halting abruptly in Q2. That was the main message conveyed on Monday by Mario Draghi at the European Parliament. Weak credit growth may prove an obstacle to recovery, and the continued lag in this sector is likely to persist for the rest of this year, with gradual increases in lending expected in 2015 and 2016.
MADRID | By Julia Pastor | The first TLTRO auction will not make history for its significance. Eurozone banks only asked for €82.6 billion, from which €14.147 million will go to Spanish entities (Santander €3bn; Caixabank €3bn; Popular 2.847 bn ; Bankia 2.7bn and BBVA 2.6bn), much less than the expected 100-150 billion, was firstly interpreted as a poor credit demand, although a second reading shows that lenders were right to be cautions.
MADRID | By Julia Pastor | As expected, ECB's September TLTRO will not make big headlines. 255 European banks borrowed €82.6bn of liquidity below consensus estimate of €100-150bn. Although the Frankfurt-based institution doesn't provide a geographical breakdown, banks in Italy and Spain were among the leading borrowers (40% of the total) to trim funding costs. Spanish entities are thought to have asked half of those €30bn at their disposal, although some entities "are not willing to disclose how much they asked for," an ECB source confirmed to The Corner.


We help humans build bots and digital assistants.
Dabble Lab helps developers, businesses, and agencies build custom solutions for Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Twilio Autopilot, and other emerging digital assistant platforms. We provide video tutorials, code templates, and on-demand technical talent to help you learn faster, and build smarter.
What can Alexa do for your business?
Digital assistants are quickly finding roles in the workplace - from keeping you updated on current business metrics to automating routine administrative tasks. This video shows a demo of a custom Amazon Alexa skill that provides real-time business analytics from multiple business areas.
We provide technical services for Amazon Alexa including; custom skill development and Alexa for business solutions.
Custom Actions for Google Assistant and Android development for related mobile experiences.
We have extensive experience with Twilio Autopilot and we're the first Twilio Gold Partner focused on Autopilot.
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Stated plainly, Dabble Lab is the reason I have a business today instead of just an idea. If you've got a vision for a software project, Dabble Lab can be an invaluable asset to you.
If you are looking to launch, Dabble Lab is the launchpad… they are like a railgun for agile processes. Their exceptional breadth and depth of tools and technology were invaluable to our company.
I had all but given up on my dreams to create an app until I met Dabble Lab. These guys not only reassured me that the job could be done affordably AND well, but they guided me through the process and challenged my idea to make it better.
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Q: PayPal subscription cancellation without going to paypal site Can you please tell me how I can cancel PayPal a subscription without going to the PayPal site and remaining on my own site/interface?
Currently I have to go to PayPal site every time I want to cancel subscription.

A: There is an article on how to do this at PayPal's Developer Resources - Handling Recurring Payments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Parafia Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła – rzymskokatolicka parafia znajdująca się w Myszkowie. Należy do dekanatu Myszków i archidiecezji częstochowskiej. Została utworzona w 1990 r. Kościół parafialny w budowie od 1998 r., konsekrowany 4 września 2011 r. przez abp Stanisława Nowaka.

Przy parafii swoją działalność prowadzą: Rada Budowy i Rozbudowy Kościoła, Parafialna Rada Duszpasterska, Akcja Katolicka, Katolickie Stowarzyszenie Młodzieży, Dzieci Maryi, Grupa Modlitewna Królowej Pokoju, Służba Liturgiczna: ministranci, lektorzy, Żywy Różaniec.

Przypisy

Parafie pod wezwaniem Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła
Apostołów


The S&W trailer/display will be located at the far end of the Pit-Side Grandstands (around 1000ft) See map on flyer below.
We will be available all day Friday, Saturday & Sunday. July 17th-19th. Remember to cheer on S&W racers: John Burke, Tom Hoosigian, Rory Weney & Jill Fazekas! Good luck to all Racers & Rodders. See you there.


Alan Turner's debut video release, Bull Riding Babe.
Directed, shot, and edited by Ryan Archibald of RMA Productions.
Thank you to Joe at Coyote Joe's in Shelby Twp, MI for the use of your great bar, Heather Mitchum, our bull riding babe, and the many extras who helped make this happen.
Hey Alan,great video..neat song and beat!
Thanks! It was alot of fun doing!
Love this video! Funny! Great Song! Reminds me of Toby Keith!