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Nile River in Egypt. Photo credit: Islam Hassan
Who controls the Nile? Tensions between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt continue as negotiations reach a deadlock in water rights
by Nyawira Mithayo
June 6, 2022 August 6, 2022
Africa & the Diaspora
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam triggers old colonial wounds and a deliberate struggle for political dominance.
Greek historian, Herodotus, summarized the importance of the river Nile by saying, "the Nile is Egypt and Egypt is the Nile." Before Herodotus and on, the river, which is the longest known waterway, has played an enormous role in both Sudan and Egypt's civilizations. For decades, it was the center of conflict that recently escalated after the initial stages of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) construction in 2011.
"This dam is a legacy of Meles Zenawi, Ethiopia's former prime minister, he is the one who built it," Ethiopian-based journalist, Mekonnen Teshome Tollera told Ark Republic. Among the first people to cover the GERD story with the Ethiopian Herald press, Mekonnen explained that the government named it the millennium dam because it was launched at the beginning of the Ethiopian millennium in 2011. The name was later modified to GERD, a phrase to signify the revival of a nation.
In addition, it was an acknowledgement to the principles of the African renaissance, an idea born from philosopher Cheik Anta Diop that African nations should come together for integration and collective development.
In early May, Ethiopia launched its third-stage filling of the dam, which caused concern for Egypt, a country that has been wary of the project. A report by Al-Monitor said a source claimed Egyptian officials have "yet to obtain official information from Ethiopia explaining its plan and the volume of water expected to be withheld during the third stage of the GERD's filling in the upcoming rainy season."
This is worrisome for the north African country due to the disruption of wheat, rice and other grains considerably stymied due to the Ukraine-Russia war. Al-Monitor's source furthered that Ethiopia "impose[d] a fait accompli related to the filling and operation of the dam." For that, Egypt sees these actions as violating "international laws related to transboundary water management."
To intensify matters, negotiations between Ethiopia and Egypt are not in the foreseeable future, placing even more strain on pan-African relations during a time where the world is dealing with a dearth in resources.
The onset
On February 20, GERD – funded by Ethiopians at home and abroad – began power generation despite controversy with neighboring Sudan and Egypt. The 10 year development took place on the Blue Nile—also known as the gold of Ethiopia—from where 85 percent of the Nile's water flows.
To enumerate, Egypt and Sudan are downstream states whereby Ethiopia is an upstream state, nearer to the source in Lake Tana. In general, GERD accords Ethiopia control over how much water flows downstream, which raises the stakes for all parties involved.
Construction on the Blue Nile, which accounts for the majority of the Nile's flow, means that Egypt loses a quarter of its water. Not only due to siltation, but also through the process of filling the reservoir over a short period. More problematic for the North African state, the Egyptian population is dependent on 90 percent of the river for transport and a fresh water supply.
According to Egyptian officials, Ethiopia's dam plans aim to not only affect water shortages, but also power cuts and crop failures. Hence, it views it as a threat to their political and agricultural system. However, Ethiopian officials deny these claims and say that the dam generates electricity, not field irrigation.
In 2018, Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power. Early in his presidency, he traveled to Egypt. While there, he promised their interests would avoid conflict of interests with Egypt. "Ethiopia's main concern is to bring light to the 60 percent of Ethiopians suffering in darkness, " he said, "to save the labor of our mothers who are carrying wood on their backs to get energy."
Included, the dam's 5000 megawatts production could mean enough electricity to export abroad.
"For Egypt, the main problem is trust. If there is a dispute, Ethiopia might block the flow of the Nile. Egypt also fears that Ethiopia will consume the region's limited water supply upon completion of the dam." Mekki Elmograbi, a press writer on African affairs from Khartoum told Ark Republic.
Elmograbi's point on trust was heavily supported by Maha Salah Eldin, an Egyptian investigative and data journalist with Masrawy. According to her, Ethiopia does not abide by international agreements. A move reinforced by its continuous decisions. "The Abiy Ahmed Administration is as impulsive as teenagers, and does not calculate its steps well, something that may harm everyone, and Ethiopia first." She told us.
She continues to declare that this government retracts its previous agreements and works to escalate without calculating the consequences.
Ethiopia's GERD project in 2016. The dam construction launched in 2011. Photo credit: Ana E. Cascão
On the other hand, even though it sees numerous future benefits, Sudan'`s concern is regulating the flow to its dams. Included, it wants Ethiopia to commit to a legally binding agreement, rather than guidelines, on the amount of water retained and the timetable for filling the reservoir. Finally, the country wants to map out clarity on how disputes will be resolved in the future.
Regardless, Emolgrabi says that apart from agriculture, Sudan anticipates many benefits. "Only 14 percent of Africans trade with each other. One of the main reasons is that we do not have the power to start serious manufacturing," he expounds. Due to this, Sudan has since warmed up to the dam, citing its potential to improve prospects for domestic development. Cheap electricity from Ethiopia–contrary to the expensive one purchased from Egypt–would mean that many African countries in the region would initiate industrialization then exportation.
Nevertheless, Khartoum continues to fear that the operation of the GERD could threaten the safety of Sudan's dams and make it much more difficult for the government to manage its development projects.Elmograbi claims that the Sudanese understand more than the Egyptians about Ethiopia's intentions. "Some Sudanese citizens receive pressure from Egypt's political elites," he says.
To mitigate growing tensions, the United Nations, the U.S., and the African Union were mediators during the negotiations that bore no fruits. Be that as it may, the inability to reach a proper compromise may be blamed on possible future water shortages. Notwithstanding, there is more, a trip down memory lane to colonialism explains on this.
The history tree
Over the years, Egypt has used its extensive diplomatic connections and two colonial-era agreements drafted in 1929 and 1959, to successfully prevent the construction of any major infrastructure projects on the tributaries of the Nile.
"The Egyptians are used to controlling it [both] culturally and politically" Teshome surmises. The communications expert well-versed on the situation from the lens of Ethiopia continues to develop the narrative. "They believe that the Nile is a gift for Egypt, but it is not true because it originates from Ethiopia."
Ethiopia defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. The victory poised them to become the only African country to retain its independence during the "scramble for Africa," or Europe's colonial conquest of the continent. With this, Ethiopia was an independent state, while Egypt and Sudan got support from England. For the British, control of Egypt meant more profitable trade with India, its richest colony.
By the late nineteenth century, Egypt became essential to Asian wealth, so controlling the source of the Nile was a major colonial goal.
The 1929 agreement, signed between Egypt and Great Britain, also represented at the time, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika (now Tanzania) and Sudan. The document gave Cairo the right to veto projects higher up the Nile, a cause that would affect water share.
Later, the 1959 Nile water agreement signed between Sudan and Egypt remains to be momentous. This accord between the two, supplemented the previous agreement by giving Egypt the right to 55.5 billion cubic meters of Nile water per year, while Sudan was allotted 18.5 billion cubic meters. However, no water was afforded to Ethiopia or any other upstream state.
Since, the full utilization of the Nile has been for the benefit of the United Arab Republic, now named Egypt, and the Republic of Sudan. Subsequently, both nations require that they decide on the implementation of projects pertaining to the watercourse for its full control. Even more so, the increase of its water supply and the planning of new working arrangements on lines different from those followed under present conditions. Consequently, the treaty paved the way for the 1960s construction of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt and the Roseires Dam in Sudan.
In the 1990s, Hosni Mubarak, a former Egyptian president, began to build the Toshka Canal, one of the world's most expensive and ambitious irrigation projects. This plan would take 10 percent of waters from Lake Nasser to irrigate Egypt's sandy Western Desert.
In anger and disbelief, the then Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi protested. "While Egypt is taking the Nile water to transform the Sahara Desert into something green, we in Ethiopia—who are the source of 85 percent of that water—are denied the possibility of using it to feed ourselves."
He then began plans for the Grand Renaissance Dam. These disagreements created political tensions among other Nile states, as Egypt resisted the calls for changes to the pact, considering them to still be valid.
The Nile River Valley has been a critical source for food in all countries where the river flows. Photo credit: Jeremy Benzanger
Our people come first
For the past three years, Sudan oversaw a transition from dictatorship to democracy. While the two nations have agreed on control on the Nile, ironically, Egypt has been one of the states interfering in Sudan's transition. Adding to its historical involvement in the country, Egypt once viewed Sudan as part of its territory.
The Hala'ib Triangle is an area of land of just under 20,500 square kilometers on the Egyptian-Sudanese border, which both countries have claimed since Sudan gained independence from Britain in 1956. In the 1990s, Egypt deployed its military in the territory, but, in the following two decades, the dispute was somewhat frozen. In 2016, it flared up again.
At the beginning of the year, Protesters in Sudan blocked the Sheryan al-Shimal road between Sudan and Egypt in protest of what they called the Egyptian government's support for the military takeover in Sudan. In a previous Ark Republic article, Sudanese diasporans alleged that Egypt facilitated a human trafficking network transporting Sudan's citizens. They claimed the men were used for its military endeavors, while the women were forced into sexual servitude.
Apart from this, the ongoing war in Ethiopia has been connected to the GERD dam. In 2013, Ethiopia announced that it was diverting the river's course immediately after a meeting between Ethiopia's former Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, and Egypt's President Mohamed Morsi. This angered Egyptian officials.
Thinking that Egypt was conspiring in secret, the politicians hatched plans to arm Ethiopian rebels. "The country," Morsi told a crowd of supporters during a speech, "is ready to sacrifice blood to ensure that not one drop of the Nile is lost."
According to a top Ethiopian diplomat, "the Egyptian government has been stepping up its long-standing policy of destabilizing and weakening Ethiopia, by providing anti-peace elements, and pitting neighbors against it."
The diplomat said that for more than half a century, the Egyptian establishment has been providing financial, military and diplomatic assistance to armed and unarmed Ethiopian forces. A bid to destabilize and utilize the resources of the Nile River.
The violence in Benishangul-Gumuz – where the dam is located – is separate from the war in Tigray. The armed Gumuz militia has been unleashing brutal ethnic attacks on minorities in Ethiopia's western Benishangul-Gumuz state. From the onslaught, hundreds of civilians have been massacred and tens of thousands displaced.By 14 March, at least 53 people died in the region after an unidentified armed group attacked a civilian convoy and its military escort.
President Donald J. Trump, joined by Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin, meets with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Sudan Asma Mohamed Abdalla, left, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Egypt Sameh Shoukry, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Gedu Andargachew, in the Oval Office of the White House Wednesday, Nov. 6, 2019, where President Trump expressed his support for Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan's ongoing negotiations to reach a collaborative agreement on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. Photo credit: Official White House Photo/Shealah Craighead
To reach an alliance or to maintain the fracas?
In reality, there are many quick fixes to the dam dispute.
Mekonnen from Ethiopia says that the three states need to cooperate. "There is no need to rush dominance," he insists. "The Egyptians are trying to maintain a historical legacy, as they believe that [the Nile] is their property."
In his words, there are 11 rather than three countries on the Nile basin—Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, Sudan, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. "We strongly encourage the Nile basin's initiatives. So, the Nile is not about Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt. We believe it should benefit all the countries involved."
As one who also covered the story "washing away the blue gold of Ethiopia," he believes that Egypt and Ethiopia need to find new ways to prevent the soil from going to downstream countries hence causing siltation.
On the contrary, Egypt maintains that the solution is to stop everything about the Renaissance Dam. "Ethiopia needs to sit at the negotiating table and abide by what is agreed upon. At that time Egypt may be Ethiopia's biggest supporter," Eldin from Egypt suggests.
Finally, Elmograbi refers to Egypt as a colonial master and specifies that "we wanted Egypt as a big brother and not a ruler." He discloses that Egypt should practice cooperation with the neighbors rather than preeminence. In like manner, he insists that Ethiopia should not conduct the project in secrecy in order to initiate collaboration.
There have been opinions coming from outside the contentious situations. When all three countries brought the issue to the White House during a 2016 Donald Trump Administration, he encouraged them to reach a collaborative agreement. In September 2021, the Security Council Report suggested an "AU-led negotiations to reach a 'binding agreement' on the dam's filling and operation," after an extensive investigation.
All in all, Ethiopia looks forward to the dam's completion in early 2024. Also, as a sign of collaborative effort to curb erosion, it started annual tree planting projects whereby 4 billion tree siblings were planted last year. On the whole, Sudan is trapped between two regional giants who appear to be longtime foes. In a nutshell, the kick start of power generation means a different tone and strategy for negotiations. As other neighboring regions look forward to the possible advantages, the world awaits for Egypt to find its position.
Nyawira Mithayo is a Journalism graduate with an interest in community activism.
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A systematic study on 33 gallbladder stones resembling adult Clonorchis sinensis worms
R.-h. Ma, X.-f. Wang, Q. Li, H.-y. Cai, X.-b. Luo
Journal: Journal of Helminthology / Volume 96 / 2022
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 December 2022, e90
Limited studies provide direct evidence of Clonorchis sinensis adults in the early stage of gallbladder stone formation. Our current research systematically studied 33 gallbladder stones resembling adult worms and shed light on the definite connection of C. sinensis infection with concomitant cholelithiasis. A total of 33 gallbladder stones resembling adult C. sinensis worms were systematically analysed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy spectrometry were used to analyse the composition and microstructure. Meanwhile, a histopathological examination of the stone was carried out. The 33 gallbladder stones resembling adult C. sinensis worms included nine calcium carbonate (CaCO3) stones, 12 bilirubinate stones and 12 mixed stones. Clonorchis sinensis eggs were found in 30 cases, including all CaCO3 and mixed stones. Parasite tissues were detected in 12 cases, which were mainly CaCO3 stones or bilirubinate–CaCO3 mixed stones. The outer layer of stones was wrapped with 12.88% calcium salt, as revealed by X-ray energy spectrometry, while surprisingly, many C. sinensis eggs were found in the inner part of these stones. Based on our current findings, we concluded that calcification and packaging occurred after C. sinensis adult entrance into the gallbladder, subsequently leading to the early formation of CaCO3 or bilirubinate–CaCO3 mixed gallbladder stones. This discovery highlights definite evidence for C. sinensis infection causing gallbladder stones.
Patent Data for Engineering Design: A Review
S. Jiang, S. Sarica, B. Song, J. Hu, J. Luo
Journal: Proceedings of the Design Society / Volume 2 / May 2022
Patent data have been utilized for engineering design research for long because it contains massive amount of design information. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and data science present unprecedented opportunities to mine, analyse and make sense of patent data to develop design theory and methodology. Herein, we survey the patent-for-design literature by their contributions to design theories, methods, tools, and strategies, as well as different forms of patent data and various methods. Our review sheds light on promising future research directions for the field.
Compressed sensorimotor-to-transmodal hierarchical organization in schizophrenia
Debo Dong, Dezhong Yao, Yulin Wang, Seok-Jun Hong, Sarah Genon, Fei Xin, Kyesam Jung, Hui He, Xuebin Chang, Mingjun Duan, Boris C. Bernhardt, Daniel S. Margulies, Jorge Sepulcre, Simon B. Eickhoff, Cheng Luo
Journal: Psychological Medicine , First View
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 June 2021, pp. 1-14
Schizophrenia has been primarily conceptualized as a disorder of high-order cognitive functions with deficits in executive brain regions. Yet due to the increasing reports of early sensory processing deficit, recent models focus more on the developmental effects of impaired sensory process on high-order functions. The present study examined whether this pathological interaction relates to an overarching system-level imbalance, specifically a disruption in macroscale hierarchy affecting integration and segregation of unimodal and transmodal networks.
We applied a novel combination of connectome gradient and stepwise connectivity analysis to resting-state fMRI to characterize the sensorimotor-to-transmodal cortical hierarchy organization (96 patients v. 122 controls).
We demonstrated compression of the cortical hierarchy organization in schizophrenia, with a prominent compression from the sensorimotor region and a less prominent compression from the frontal−parietal region, resulting in a diminished separation between sensory and fronto-parietal cognitive systems. Further analyses suggested reduced differentiation related to atypical functional connectome transition from unimodal to transmodal brain areas. Specifically, we found hypo-connectivity within unimodal regions and hyper-connectivity between unimodal regions and fronto-parietal and ventral attention regions along the classical sensation-to-cognition continuum (voxel-level corrected, p < 0.05).
The compression of cortical hierarchy organization represents a novel and integrative system-level substrate underlying the pathological interaction of early sensory and cognitive function in schizophrenia. This abnormal cortical hierarchy organization suggests cascading impairments from the disruption of the somatosensory−motor system and inefficient integration of bottom-up sensory information with attentional demands and executive control processes partially account for high-level cognitive deficits characteristic of schizophrenia.
Alcohol, coffee and tea intake and the risk of cognitive deficits: a dose–response meta-analysis
L. S. Ran, W. H. Liu, Y. Y. Fang, S. B. Xu, J. Li, X. Luo, D. J. Pan, M. H. Wang, W. Wang
Journal: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 30 / 2021
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 February 2021, e13
Lifestyle interventions are an important and viable approach for preventing cognitive deficits. However, the results of studies on alcohol, coffee and tea consumption in relation to cognitive decline have been divergent, likely due to confounds from dose–response effects. This meta-analysis aimed to find the dose–response relationship between alcohol, coffee or tea consumption and cognitive deficits.
Prospective cohort studies or nested case-control studies in a cohort investigating the risk factors of cognitive deficits were searched in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane and Web of Science up to 4th June 2020. Two authors searched the databases and extracted the data independently. We also assessed the quality of the studies with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Stata 15.0 software was used to perform model estimation and plot the linear or nonlinear dose–response relationship graphs.
The search identified 29 prospective studies from America, Japan, China and some European countries. The dose–response relationships showed that compared to non-drinkers, low consumption (<11 g/day) of alcohol could reduce the risk of cognitive deficits or only dementias, but there was no significant effect of heavier drinking (>11 g/day). Low consumption of coffee reduced the risk of any cognitive deficit (<2.8 cups/day) or dementia (<2.3 cups/day). Green tea consumption was a significant protective factor for cognitive health (relative risk, 0.94; 95% confidence intervals, 0.92–0.97), with one cup of tea per day brings a 6% reduction in risk of cognitive deficits.
Light consumption of alcohol (<11 g/day) and coffee (<2.8 cups/day) was associated with reduced risk of cognitive deficits. Cognitive benefits of green tea consumption increased with the daily consumption.
Effects of maternal and post-weaned rumen-protected folic acid supplementation on slaughter performance and meat quality in offspring lambs
H.Q. Li, B. Wang, Z. Li, H.L. Luo, C. Zhang, L.Y. Jian, Y.F. Gao, W. Lu, X.G. Zhao
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 126 / Issue 8 / 28 October 2021
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 December 2020, pp. 1140-1148
Print publication: 28 October 2021
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) on slaughter performance, visceral organ and gastrointestinal tract coefficients, and meat quality in lambs. Sixty-six lambs from 120 Hu ewes were selected based on body weight and maternal diets and then assigned to six groups using a randomised block experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was folic acid (FA) as RPFA in the maternal diet (0 mg/kg (M0F), 16 mg/kg (M16F) or 32 mg/kg (M32F) on DM basis). The second factor was FA in the lambs' diet from weaning until slaughter (0 mg/kg (OC) or 4·0 mg/kg (OF)). The results indicated that the addition of 16 mg/kg FA to the maternal diet increased pre-slaughter weight (PSW), dressing and meat percentage, the reticulum and omasum coefficients, length of the jejunum and ileum, tail fat and perirenal fat coefficient and a* value of the meat colour. The addition of RPFA to the lambs' diet increased PSW, dressing and meat percentage, eye muscle area, abomasum weight, weight and length of the small intestine, but reduced the coefficients of tail fat. An M × O interaction was observed for the weights of heart, lungs, rumen and total stomach, weight and coefficient of omental fat and the girth rib value. Collectively, RPFA in the maternal and lambs' diet improved slaughter performance and meat quality by stimulating the morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract and the distribution of fat in the body.
Dietary lipid and n-3 long-chain PUFA levels impact growth performance and lipid metabolism of juvenile mud crab, Scylla paramamosain
Xuexi Wang, Min Jin, Xin Cheng, Jiaxiang Luo, Lefei Jiao, Mónica B. Betancor, Douglas R. Tocher, Qicun Zhou
Journal: British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 125 / Issue 8 / 28 April 2021
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 August 2020, pp. 876-890
Print publication: 28 April 2021
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profiles and relative expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Ten isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain five n-3 LC-PUFA levels at 7 and 12 % dietary lipid levels. The highest weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in crabs fed the diets with 19·8 and 13·2 mg/g n-3 LC-PUFA at 7 and 12 % lipid, respectively. Moisture and lipid contents in hepatopancreas and muscle were significantly influenced by dietary n-3 LC-PUFA at the two lipid levels. The DHA, EPA, n-3 LC-PUFA contents and n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio in hepatopancreas and muscle significantly increased as dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels increased at both lipid levels. The expression levels of -6 fatty acyl desaturase and acyl-CoA oxidase in hepatopancreas increased significantly, and expression levels of fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and hormone-sensitive TAG lipase were down-regulated, with increased dietary n-3 LC-PUFA regardless of lipid level. Based on weight gain, n-3 LC-PUFA requirements of S. paramamosain were estimated to be 20·1 and 12·7 mg/g of diet at 7 and 12 % dietary lipid, respectively. Overall, dietary lipid level influenced lipid metabolism, and purified, high-lipid diets rich in palmitic acid reduced the n-3 LC-PUFA requirement of juvenile mud crab.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicide among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
D. Wei, X. Wang, X. You, X. Luo, C. Hao, J. Gu, S. Peng, X. Yang, Y. Hao, Vincent M. B. Silenzio, J. Li, F. Hou
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 June 2020, e136
Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for depression, anxiety and suicide. The estimated prevalence of these problems is essential to guide public health policy, but published results vary. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and suicide among Chinese MSM.
Systematic searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases with languages restricted to Chinese and English for studies published before 10 September 2019 on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts among Chinese MSM. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed journals and used validated instruments to assess depression and anxiety were included. The characteristics of studies and the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts were independently extracted by authors. Random-effects modelling was used to estimate the pooled rates. Subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. This study followed the PRISMA and MOOSE.
Sixty-seven studies were included. Fifty-two studies reported the prevalence of depressive symptoms, with a combined sample of 37 376 people, of whom 12 887 [43.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 38.9–47.5] reported depressive symptoms. Twenty-seven studies reported the prevalence of anxiety symptoms, with a combined sample of 10 531 people, of whom 3187 (32.2%; 95% CI, 28.3–36.6) reported anxiety symptoms. Twenty-three studies reported the prevalence of suicidal ideation, with a combined sample of 15 034 people, of whom 3416 (21.2%; 95% CI, 18.3–24.5) had suicidal ideation. Nine studies reported the prevalence of suicide plans, with a combined sample of 5271 people, of whom 401 (6.2%; 95% CI, 3.9–8.6) had suicide plans. Finally, 19 studies reported the prevalence of suicide attempts, with a combined sample of 27 936 people, of whom 1829 (7.3%; 95% CI, 5.6–9.0) had attempted suicide.
The mental health of Chinese MSM is poor compared with the general population. Efforts are warranted to develop interventions to prevent and alleviate mental health problems among this vulnerable population.
O-41 - Intravascular Food Reward
A. Oliveira-Maia, C.D. Roberts, Q.D. Walker, B. Luo, C. Kuhn, S.A. Simon, M.A.L. Nicolelis
Journal: European Psychiatry / Volume 27 / Issue S1 / 2012
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 April 2020, p. 1
We recently found that, in mice, independently of orosensory input, sucrose consumption is sufficient to condition the development of spout preferences and dopamine release in the ventral striatum.
To clarify if the appetitive behavioral and dopaminergic responses to the postingestive effects of calorie-containing sugars reflect preabsorptive or postabsorptive events.
To understand if endovenous injection of glucose is sufficient to condition spout preferences and dopamine release.
Measurements of the behavioural, metabolic and neurochemical effects of the administration of glucose solutions, enterically, and in the jugular (JV) or hepatic-portal (HPV) veins of rats.
High concentration glucose solutions administered in the JV were sufficient to condition spout preferences in a two-bottle behavioral task. Additionally, a low concentration glucose solution conditioned robust behavioral responses when administered in the HPV, but not the JV. Finally, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry we found that, in accordance to behavioral findings, a low concentration glucose solution caused an increase of spontaneous dopamine release events in the nucleus accumbens shell when administered in the HPV, but not the JV.
The postabsorptive effects of glucose are sufficient to mimic the behavioral and dopaminergic responses that result from sugar consumption. Furthermore, glycemia levels in the HPV contribute more significantly for this effect than systemic glycemia, arguing for the participation of an intra-abdominal visceral sensor for glucose.
565 – Abnormality of White Matter Structure and Resting State Brain Function in First-Episode, Treatment-Naive Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
M. Huang, L. Yu, B. Luo, Q. Wang, W. Zhou, N. Wei, Y. Xu
Increasing evidence indicates that major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with cognitive as well as mood disturbances.
To evaluate cognitive function and white matter structure, resting-state brain function in first-episode, treatmentnaive patients with MDD.
To explore brain structure and function mechanisms of cognitive impairment in MDD.
46 Han Chinese MDD patients aged 18–45 year and 46 controls were assessed by a series of validated test procedures.Then, 30 patients and 30 controls were obtained by MRI scan.White matter abnormalities evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were analyzed using tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) and resting-state brain function was evaluated using regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis.
Cognitive impairment in patients with MDD was demonstrated by reduced accuracy in the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WSCT) and to a lesser extent the Continuous Performance test (CPT) and Trail Making tests (TMT). White matter abnormalities found in the left cerebellum, and resting-state abnormalities present in the left inferior parietal gyrus, left anterior cingulate nucleus and left hippocampal gyrus were associated with impaired performance in the WSCT and CPT tests. We also showed that poor WSCT performance was associated with increased interconnectivity between the left ventral anterior cingulate nucleus and the medial frontal lobe areas.
The present study indicates cognitive disturbances in patients with MDD are associated with white matter and resting-state changes and altered interconnections in specific brain areas.
271 – Gray Matter Reduction Associated with Cognitive Dysfunction in First-episode, Treatment-naive Young Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: A Voxel-based Morphometry Study
M. Huang, B. Luo, J. Hu, Y. Xu
The association between gray matter and cognitive dysfunction in young major depression remains unclear.
To investigate the brain gray matter and the correlation with cognitive function in first-episode, treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
To explore brain structural pathological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in MDD.
46 MDD aged 18-45 year and 46 controls were assessed by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail making test (TMT). Then, 30 patients and 30 controls were obtained by MRI scan.
The total number of errors, number of preservative errors, random errors of WSCT in MDD were significantly more than that in controls, and the completion time in the TMT-A and TMT-B was longer than that in controls. MDD showed significant less gray matter volumns than controls in frontal lobe (right precentral gyrus, bilateral superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus), parietal lobe (left postcentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, and bilateral precuneus), temporal lobe (right superior temporal gyrus), and occipital lobe (left superior occipital gyrus). There was a significant negative correlation between left postcentral gyrus and left superior occipital gyrus gray matter density and the TMT-B completion time (r=-0.462, P=0.017; r=-0.448, P=0.022).
The first-episode MDD patient exhibiteded cognitive impairment and showed significant lower gray matter density than controls in frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe. Decreased gray matter density in left postcentral gyrus and left superior occipital gyrus may be involved in the executive dysfunction.
Quantum electrodynamics experiments with colliding petawatt laser pulses
HPL_EP HEDP and High Power Laser 2018
I. C. E. Turcu, B. Shen, D. Neely, G. Sarri, K. A. Tanaka, P. McKenna, S. P. D. Mangles, T.-P. Yu, W. Luo, X.-L. Zhu, Y. Yin
Journal: High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 7 / 2019
A new generation of high power laser facilities will provide laser pulses with extremely high powers of 10 petawatt (PW) and even 100 PW, capable of reaching intensities of $10^{23}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$ in the laser focus. These ultra-high intensities are nevertheless lower than the Schwinger intensity $I_{S}=2.3\times 10^{29}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$ at which the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that a large part of the energy of the laser photons will be transformed to hard Gamma-ray photons and even to matter, via electron–positron pair production. To enable the investigation of this physics at the intensities achievable with the next generation of high power laser facilities, an approach involving the interaction of two colliding PW laser pulses is being adopted. Theoretical simulations predict strong QED effects with colliding laser pulses of ${\geqslant}10~\text{PW}$ focused to intensities ${\geqslant}10^{22}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$.
Accuracy of self-reported weight in the Women's Health Initiative
Juhua Luo, Cynthia A Thomson, Michael Hendryx, Lesley F Tinker, JoAnn E Manson, Yueyao Li, Dorothy A Nelson, Mara Z Vitolins, Rebecca A Seguin, Charles B Eaton, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Karen L Margolis
Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 22 / Issue 6 / April 2019
To assess the extent of error present in self-reported weight data in the Women's Health Initiative, variables that may be associated with error, and to develop methods to reduce any identified error.
Prospective cohort study.
Forty clinical centres in the USA.
Women (n 75 336) participating in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) and women (n 6236) participating in the WHI Long Life Study (LLS) with self-reported and measured weight collected about 20 years later (2013–2014).
The correlation between self-reported and measured weights was 0·97. On average, women under-reported their weight by about 2 lb (0·91 kg). The discrepancies varied by age, race/ethnicity, education and BMI. Compared with normal-weight women, underweight women over-reported their weight by 3·86 lb (1·75 kg) and obese women under-reported their weight by 4·18 lb (1·90 kg) on average. The higher the degree of excess weight, the greater the under-reporting of weight. Adjusting self-reported weight for an individual's age, race/ethnicity and education yielded an identical average weight to that measured.
Correlations between self-reported and measured weights in the WHI are high. Discrepancies varied by different sociodemographic characteristics, especially an individual's BMI. Correction of self-reported weight for individual characteristics could improve the accuracy of assessment of obesity status in postmenopausal women.
E. Ann Ellis: A Life Dedicated to STEM/STEAM Outreach
Carol B. Johnson, Zhiping Luo, Hansoo Kim, Richard Littleton, Tom Stephens, Michael Pendleton, Christos Savva, Stanislav Vitha, Andreas Holzenburg
Journal: Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 24 / Issue S1 / August 2018
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 August 2018, pp. 2304-2305
Print publication: August 2018
The changing HIV-1 genetic characteristics and transmitted drug resistance among recently infected population in Yunnan, China
M. Chen, M. H. Jia, Y. L. Ma, H. B. Luo, H. C. Chen, C. J. Yang, J. Dai, L. Yang, L. J. Dong, R. Lu, L. J. Song, Y. Han, J. Y. Lu, A. K. L. Cheung, Z. W. Chen, L. Lu
Journal: Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 146 / Issue 6 / April 2018
Multiple human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 genotypes in China were first discovered in Yunnan Province before disseminating throughout the country. As the HIV-1 epidemic continues to expand in Yunnan, genetic characteristics and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) should be further investigated among the recently infected population. Among 2828 HIV-positive samples newly reported in the first quarter of 2014, 347 were identified as recent infections with BED-captured enzyme immunoassay (CEIA). Of them, 291 were successfully genotyped and identified as circulating recombinant form (CRF)08_BC (47.4%), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (18.2%), CRF01_AE (15.8%), CRF07_BC (14.4%), subtype C (2.7%), CRF55_01B (0.7%), subtype B (0.3%) and CRF64_BC (0.3%). CRF08_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant genotypes among heterosexual and homosexual infections, respectively. CRF08_BC, URFs, CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC expanded with higher prevalence in central and eastern Yunnan. The recent common ancestor of CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC dated back to 1983.1, 1992.1 and 1989.5, respectively. The effective population sizes (EPS) for CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC increased exponentially during 1991–1999 and 1994–1999, respectively. The EPS for CRF08_BC underwent two exponential growth phases in 1994–1998 and 2001–2002. Lastly, TDR-associated mutations were identified in 1.8% of individuals. These findings not only enhance our understanding of HIV-1 evolution in Yunnan but also have implications for vaccine design and patient management strategies.
MicroRNA-499-5p regulates porcine myofiber specification by controlling Sox6 expression
X. Y. Wang, X. L. Chen, Z. Q. Huang, D. W. Chen, B. Yu, J. He, J. Q. Luo, Y. H. Luo, H. Chen, P. Zheng, J. Yu
Journal: animal / Volume 11 / Issue 12 / December 2017
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 May 2017, pp. 2268-2274
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs have been proven to play vital roles in skeletal muscle development. The miRNA-499-5p has been reported to be negatively related with the expression of Sox6, a critical transcription factor for the maintenance of fast-twitch skeletal muscle. In this study, we amplified a length of 2012-bp mRNA that contains a 1512-bp porcine Sox6 (pSox6) 3'UTR from skeletal muscle of a Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pig. By luciferase reporter assay we verified that pSox6 is a target of miR-499-5p. In extensor digitorum longus and Soleus muscles of pigs, the expression levels of miR-499-5p and pSox6 mRNA were also inversely correlated. Besides, overexpression of miR-499-5p in porcine satellite cells promoted the expression of MyHC I and MyHC IIa mRNA, along with a reduction of pSox6 mRNA. Taken together, these results indicate that miR-499-5p may facilitate the oxidative myofibers formation by downregulating pSox6 expression.
Instantaneous photoinitiated synthesis and rapid pulsed photothermal treatment of three-dimensional nanostructured TiO2 thin films through pulsed light irradiation
Sijun Luo, Song Zhang, Briley B. Bourgeois, Brian C. Riggs, Kurt A. Schroder, Yueheng Zhang, Jibao He, Shiva Adireddy, Kai Sun, Joshua T. Shipman, Moses M. Oguntoye, Venkata Puli, Wei Liu, Rong Tu, Lianmeng Zhang, Stan Farnsworth, Douglas B. Chrisey
Journal: Journal of Materials Research / Volume 32 / Issue 9 / 15 May 2017
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 April 2017, pp. 1701-1709
Print publication: 15 May 2017
We report a novel approach to the instantaneous photoinitiated synthesis of mixed anatase-rutile nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films with a three-dimensional nanostructure through pulsed white light irradiation of photosensitive Ti-organic precursor films. Pulsed photoinitiated pyrolysis accompanied by instantaneous self-assembly and crystallization occurred to form graphitic oxides-coated TiO2 nanograins. Subsequent pulsed light irradiation working as in situ pulsed photothermal treatment improved the crystalline quality of TiO2 film despite its low attenuation of light. The non-radiative recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in TiO2 nanograins, coupled with inefficient heat dissipation due to low thermal conductivity, produces enough heat to provide the thermodynamic driving force for improving the crystalline quality. The graphitic oxides were reduced by pulsed photothermal treatment and can be completely removed by oxygen plasma cleaning. This photoinitiated nanofabrication technology opens a promising way for the low-cost and high-throughput manufacturing of nanostructured metal oxides as well as TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films.
Effects of environmental enrichment and regrouping on natural autoantibodies-binding danger and neural antigens in healthy pigs with different individual characteristics
L. Luo, R. Geers, I. Reimert, B. Kemp, H. K. Parmentier, J. E. Bolhuis
Journal: animal / Volume 11 / Issue 11 / November 2017
Pigs living in commercial husbandry systems may experience both acute stress due to standard management procedures and chronic stress through limitations in their barren housing environment. This might influence their immune status, including antibody responses to neural and danger autoantigens. Levels of natural autoantibody (NAAb)-binding phosphorylcholine-conjugated bovine serum albumin (PC-BSA) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were measured over time in pigs that were kept in environmental enriched v. barren housing, and that underwent a regrouping test. In total, 480 pigs were housed in 80 pens in either barren or straw-enriched pens from 4 through 23 weeks of age. Blood samples were taken from pigs before (week 8), and 3 days after a 24 h regrouping test (week 9), and at 22 weeks of age. Phosphorylcholine-conjugated bovine serum albumin (PC-BSA) and MBP antibody titres in serum were measured using ELISA. Enriched-housed pigs had higher levels of IgM-binding MBP, and tended to have higher levels of IgG-binding MBP and IgA-binding PC-BSA than barren-housed pigs. Each NAAb measured in this study was affected by gender and litter. These results suggest that enriched housing conditions, as well as acute regrouping stress, have an influence on levels of serum NAAb-binding danger and neural antigens in pigs.
Resting-state brain alteration after a single dose of SSRI administration predicts 8-week remission of patients with major depressive disorder
Y. Cheng, J. Xu, D. Arnone, B. Nie, H. Yu, H. Jiang, Y. Bai, C. Luo, R. A. A. Campbell, B. Shan, L. Xu, X. Xu
Journal: Psychological Medicine / Volume 47 / Issue 3 / February 2017
The present study investigated alteration of brain resting-state activity induced by antidepressant treatment and attempted to investigate whether treatment efficacy can be predicted at an early stage of pharmacological treatment.
Forty-eight first-episode medication-free patients diagnosed with major depression received treatment with escitalopram. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was administered prior to treatment, 5 h after the first dose, during the course of pharmacological treatment (week 4) and at endpoint (week 8). Resting-state activity was evaluated in the course of the 8-week treatment and in relation to clinical improvement.
Escitalopram dynamically modified resting-state activity in depression during the treatment. After 5 h the antidepressant induced a significant decrease in the signal in the occipital cortex and an increase in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices and middle cingulate cortex. Furthermore, while remitters demonstrated more obvious changes following treatment, these were more modest in non-responders suggesting possible tonic and dynamic differences in the serotonergic system. Changes after 5 h in the caudate, occipital and temporal cortices were the best predictor of clinical remission at endpoint.
This study revealed the possibility of using the measurement of resting-state neural changes a few hours after acute administration of antidepressant to identify individuals likely to remit after a few weeks of treatment.
F-29 Invited—Distribution and Characteristics of Toxic Elements in Soil and Minerals Based on X-ray Analytical Techniques
L. Luo, B. Chu, X. Wang, Y. Liu
Journal: Powder Diffraction / Volume 24 / Issue 2 / June 2009
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 May 2016, p. 165
Induced Three-wave Interactions in Eclipsing Pulsars
Qinghuan Luo, D. B. Melrose
Journal: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 12 / Issue 1 / April 1995
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 April 2016, pp. 71-75
Three-wave interactions involving two high-frequency waves (in the same mode) and a low-frequency wave are discussed and applied to pulsar eclipses. When the magnetic field is taken into account, the low-frequency waves can be the ω-mode (the low-frequency branch of the ordinary mode) or the z-mode (the low-frequency branch of the extraordinary mode). It is shown that in the cold plasma approximation, effective growth of the low-frequency waves due to an anisotropic photon beam can occur only for z-mode waves near the resonance frequency. In the application to pulsar eclipses, the cold plasma approximation may not be adequate and we suggest that when thermal effects are included, three-wave interaction involving low-frequency cyclotron waves (e.g. Bernstein modes) is a plausible candidate for pulsar eclipses

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
CLUSTERNAME="$0"
NODEIP="$1"
NODENAME="$2"

#setup key pair for cluster
sudo ssh-keygen

sudo mkdir -m 700 -p /root/.ssh && ln -s /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key /root/.ssh/id_rsa

brctl addbr br0
brctl addif br0 eth0

#Initialize Cluster
sudo gnt-cluster init --master-netdev br0 --vg-name xenvg --enabled-hypervisors kvm --nic-parameters link=br0 --mac-prefix 00:16:37 --no-ssh-init --no-etc-hosts --hypervisor-parameters kvm:initrd_path=,kernel_path= "${CLUSTERNAME}"

#Verify Cluster initialization
sudo gnt-cluster verify

#List nodes
sudo gnt-node list

#Peparation for boostrapping images.
wget http://ganeti.googlecode.com/files/ganeti-instance-debootstrap-0.14.tar.gz
tar xzf ganeti-*.tar.gz
cd ganeti-instance-debootstrap-0.14
./configure --with-os-dir=/srv/ganeti/os

make
sudo make install

sudo apt-get install debootstrap dump kpartx

sudo gnt-os list

#Add trusty image
echo "trusty" >> /srv/ganeti/os/debootstrap/variants.list

cat > /srv/ganeti/os/debootstrap/variants/trusty.conf <<EOF
MIRROR="http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/"
SUITE="trusty"
COMPONENTS="main,universe"
ARCH="amd64"
EXTRA_PKGS="acpi-support,udev,linux-image-generic-lts-trusty,grub2,openssh-server,curl"
EOF

cat > /usr/local/etc/ganeti/instance-debootstrap/variants/trusty.conf <<EOF
MIRROR="http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/"
SUITE="trusty"
COMPONENTS="main,universe"
ARCH="amd64"
EXTRA_PKGS="acpi-support,udev,linux-image-generic-lts-trusty,grub2,openssh-server,curl"
EOF

sudo cp -r $(dirname $0)/hooks/* /usr/local/etc/ganeti/instance-debootstrap/hooks/

sudo find /usr/local/etc/ganeti/instance-debootstrap/hooks/ -type f -exec chmod 754 {} \;

sudo gnt-node add -g default -s "${NODEIP}" "${NODENAME}"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


In doing , we learn.
A professional training organisation union in Australia who provides a variety skill courses with higher education pathway to Australian Universities.
Registration of Australian English Colleges Pty. Ltd.


Team members in the Man-a-Mile Relay are the very core of why the event exists. Since the beginning of the Man-a-Mile, the types of teams have changed from city vs city to school teams, to running clubs and corporate teams (to name a few), and the variety of trophies given for different categories reveal this. The sense of excitement and camaraderie in teams is obvious each year.
There is a suggested team size of 14 people (each person runs one mile). The cost for each person is only $25 and if the team is fully registered by 09/20/2019 you all will get a t-shirt in your size.
A signed waiver will be provided by the team leader and is needed to be completed to participate in the event.
Each runner must be at their exchange point on time. Runners of the first leg will be given specific start times from Fort George by the Team Leader (provided to the Leader prior to event by the Race Director).
There will be refreshments (water/fruit) waiting for the runners at the finish line, however, please bring your own hydration (water etc) based on your own needs during participation.
The anchor runner (last leg) needs to wear a numbered bib on the front of their shirt to assist with timing officials. This runner must return the baton to the timer.
Please share the event and follow us on social to get the word out to your friends who might be interested!
Any questions? Contact the Event Director here.


text:
Q: NoReverseMatch from reverse() use in custom template tag I'm using a custom template tag in my Django app. When attempting to call reverse to obtain a url, I receive a NoReverseMatch error, despite the same call working elsewhere in the app.
In portal/templatetags/custom_tags.py:
@register.simple_tag()
def breadcrumb(view, text, *args):
    return u'» ' + text + ''

Inside a template:
{% breadcrumb 'portal-home' 'Portal' %}
In portal/urls.py:
urlpatterns = [
    # home
    url(r'home/$', portal_home, name='portal-home'),
    ...
]

There is definitely a view named portal-home and when I attempt reverse('portal-home') elsewhere in the app (like in a view for example) it works fine.
Here is the exact error:
Reverse for 'portal-home' with arguments '()' and keyword arguments '{}' not found. 0 pattern(s) tried: []

A: Turns out, I forgot how to python. I needed to do:
reverse(view, *args)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rabbi Jesse M. Olitzky
Rabbi Jehiel Orenstein
Sermons, Divrei Torah
Education Directors
Shabbat Morning
Youth (USY & Kadima)
Boomers and Beyond
Early Drop Off / Full Day
Morning Specials & Enrichment Afternoons
Preschool Board
K-7th Grade JLC
Home > Who we are > Our Clergy > Rabbi Jehiel Orenstein
Jehiel Orenstein z"l
Rabbi Emeritus
Our beloved rabbi emeritus passed away on May 5, 2013. On July 1, 2005, Jehiel Orenstein became Rabbi Emeritus of Beth El, after 35 years as it's spiritual leader. He was ordained as a Rabbi at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City in 1961 and received the Lawrence Prager award for outstanding scholarship in medieval Hebrew literature. He also was awarded a Doctor of Divinity degree from JTS in 1987.
Rabbi had long been involved in activities in support of the State of Israel, in Jewish communities around the world, and in our own community. He served as chaplain of the New Jersey State Police, and was president of the Maplewood-South Orange Clergy Association and of the Rabbinical Assembly of New Jersey. He was also one of the founders of the South Orange-Maplewood Interfaith Holocaust Service, now in its 35th year.
He was married to Sylvia Mowshowitz Orenstein, an attorney and former professor of Russian literature. They have three children--Aviva, a law professor; Raphael, a doctor; and Debra, a rabbi in Emerson, NJ, as well as six grandsons and a granddaughter.


Manchester City and Arsenal are tracking Italy Under 21 defender Angelo Ogbonna.
City sent scouts to watch the 6ft 2in centre-half play for Torino against Ancona earlier this month, only for Ogbonna to be deployed out of position at left back.
His boss, Stefano Colantuono, believes the defender will be one of the strongest in Italy within a couple of years and it appears only a matter of time before he leaves Turin's Olympic Stadium following their relegation to Serie B.
Arsenal, who have also been scouting Bari defenders Leonardo Bonucci and Andrea Ranocchia, have been tracking Ogbonna for some time, according to reports in Italy.
The 21-year-old faces the dilemma of who to pledge his international career to after being recently called up by Nigeria.
Ogbonna says he is unaware of the English clubs' interest, but admitted he was flattered to be linked with the Premier League giants.
'People talk about those teams because I am told I will do well in that league and I am built for that league, but let's wait and see,' he said.


text:
Denis-Auguste-Marie Raffet, French (Paris 1804 - 1860 Genoa)
Study for "The Skirmish at the Pont d'Arcole"
Brown ink over black chalk, incised, on cream wove paper
33.7 x 49 cm (13 1/4 x 19 5/16 in.)
Albert Maroni, Paris (Lugt 150b); Robert F. Maroni, Lincoln, MA; [Gropper Art Gallery, Cambridge, MA], gift; to Fogg Art Museum, 1967
Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Gift of Joseph Gropper
Agnes Mongan, David to Corot: French Drawings in the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University Press (Cambridge, MA, 1996), cat. no. 305, repr.
Body Image in French Art and Visual Culture (18th and 19th Centuries), Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, 01/23/2016 - 05/08/2016
Denis-Auguste-Marie Raffet
"Study for "The Skirmish at the Pont d'Arcole" (Denis-Auguste-Marie Raffet) , 1967.49," Harvard Art Museums collections online, Jan 19, 2022, https://hvrd.art/o/295958.


text:
define("lodash/internal/baseFill", ["exports"], function (exports) {
  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.fill` without an iteratee call guard.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
   * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
   * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
   * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
   * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
   */
  "use strict";

  function baseFill(array, value, start, end) {
    var length = array.length;

    start = start == null ? 0 : +start || 0;
    if (start < 0) {
      start = -start > length ? 0 : length + start;
    }
    end = end === undefined || end > length ? length : +end || 0;
    if (end < 0) {
      end += length;
    }
    length = start > end ? 0 : end >>> 0;
    start >>>= 0;

    while (start < length) {
      array[start++] = value;
    }
    return array;
  }

  exports["default"] = baseFill;
});


Unless you've always known about it, inheriting property as a gift once a loved one passes on can be more than a little confusing. Along with having to deal with their loss, it's natural that you feel a little lost trying to juggle owning and handling a brand-new property. Unfortunately, well-meaning friends and family members only tend to confuse you further. Here's three tips that our experts suggest you follow, if you find yourself in this confusing situation.
For all their good intention, it's quite possible that the property that you've inherited might not have been property transferred to you. To be on the safe side, consult a property agent and find out if everything has been done the legal way. If your property happens to be overseas, then find a reputed real estate agent and/or lawyer who is an expert on overseas property investment Hong Kong; just to be on the safe side. If possible, try to find out at the same time if the property has any issues (land issues…mortgages, etc.); it just simplifies things for the future.
Once you've confirmed that the property you inherited is truly yours, time to find out exactly how much it's worth. Again, do not hesitate to use professionals to help you out. The right real estate agent will not only be able to tell you how much your property is worth, but also point you to the right direction on what can be done with it. It may sound like looking a gift horse in its mouth, but if you want to eventually do something with said property, then it's important that you know exactly how much it's worth. This is especially true if you want to put that best overseas property for sale.
When it comes to inherited property, you have quite a few options on what you can do with it. If it's a home, then you have the option of living in it, using it as a summer home, renting it out or converting it into a holiday let; or if none of these works for you, selling it off or even leaving it for your children. If it's a commercial building or a business, once more you can run it, rent it out, or sell it. In the case of your gift being simply land, then you also have the option of just leaving it as it is; you can build, sell or sell as you see fit in the future too.


Discussion in 'Pseudoscience' started by victorespinoza, Jul 5, 2013.
There is a particle that moves the airwaves of NASA in outer space. I've discovered that this particle is cold and is heated in the Solar System. For this reason, I say that I discovered a new particle in space.
I want your opinion and discussion to test my theory that there is a particle that is cold in space.
There are particles in space.
Conclusion: There are cold particles in space.
By the way, what do you mean by "a particle that moves the airwaves of NASA"?
Can a photon be said to have a temperature?
But at night there are no photons and the temperature is environmental, the temperature of the universe is much greater in cold.
I would hate to drag actual science into such a purely nonsensical rant, but ... depending on how we define terms we can relate energy to temperature by Planck's law which leaves it to the imagination what he might mean by a 'cold photon' if that was even remotely his meaning, which I doubt, since he lives in a world that doesn't strive for meaning.
Wait, there are no photons at night? How do I see then?
If I get into a room and turn off the light, I do not see anything, or feel the cold of the universe, but a normal temperature.
And I'm going to sweat by the heat.
The fact that you can see stars flickering and the moon shining i believe there are emission of photons and thy hit your retina, Now if you were blind you would not see, just like a typical atheist there is light but because he does not have a good retina there fore he cannot see God, How about it.
Do you know what a rhetorical question is Arauca?
Basically it's a question that needn't be answered. Of course there are photons at night, I couldn't see if there weren't.
And rooms without light or photons are hot or cold?
I say that I discovered a new particle in space.
They can be either. Photons aren't packets of thermal energy, they're packets of electromagnetic energy. Yes, a photon striking something will heat it up, but that's because the act of striking it will cause it to vibrate, which is all heat really is.
Why a room without photons in the night heats?
Because photons are not the only possible "source" of heat. Rubbing your hands together also produces heat, this time through friction.
But if the composition of the universe is highly cold. Perhaps I am right that the universe is a particle which cools and heats up.
What name would you give to your new particle?


If you work with a lot of crafts and find that you are always in need of more Styrofoam, you may need to do some research to find a good steady Styrofoam supplier for your needs. You will be amazed at the demand for high quality Styrofoam products, and you will find many different companies that are all competing to meet your Styrofoam needs! And one of the pluses about ordering Styrofoam is that you will pay almost nothing for shipping because it is so lightweight! Let's see what we can learn about the different Styrofoam suppliers like homeandofficesupplies.net.
One of the best ways to get Styrofoam is to check your local crafting stores. They will have Styrofoam in pre-made shapes to meet all of your crafting needs. If you need spheres, they will have them in all sizes. If you need blocks of Styrofoam, they will be able to meet your needs. If you find that you need sheets of thin Styrofoam for your crafts, they will probably have a wide selection of these available in different sizes as well! You local crafting stores are a great place to shop!
Another great Styrofoam supplier would be a local retail store. If you are able to become friends with a manager of floor clerk, you may be able to do them a service by carting away some of the Styrofoam packing that they would have to dispose of themselves. They would be saving themselves work, and you would have found a great new Styrofoam supplier that would be able to get you what you need for free! Any retail store that deals mainly in electronics will always have a surplus of Styrofoam available. Give homeandofficesupplies.net a call and see what you can find out!
If you aren't able to find your Styrofoam locally and you cannot find it for free, you may be forced to try the internet in your search for a good reliable Styrofoam supplier. If you must, you can always have your Styrofoam delivered to your home for your needs. Some companies will be able to automatically ship so much Styrofoam every week if you are constantly running low. This will save you the time of having to reorder the same thing week after week!
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Cop accidentally shoots dead own mom
Published April 9, 2018, 10:00 PM
by Mario Casayuran and Vanne Elaine Terrazola
By Yas D. Ocampo
Davao City – A rookie policeman from Davao del Norte accidentally killed his mother when he pulled the trigger of a gun he thought was not loaded in New Corella town, Saturday night.
PO1 Emmanuel Dumapig is now in the custody of authorities after he inadvertently shot his mother, Emma Dumapig, Saturday night in their house in Purok 1, Brgy. San Roque, New Corella, Davao del Norte.
Police Regional Office 11 said Dumapig was dry firing his gun, unaware that there was a bullet in the chamber.
The gun went off and passed through a mirror, piercing the wall of his mother's room. His mother was hit in the cheek.
The mother was pronounced dead on arrival at the Bishop Joseph Reagan Hospital in Tagum City.
The rookie cop faces a case of parricide under the revised penal code and administrative cases.


CAPTCHA is now a technology which is used all over the internet to protect websites from program bots. One of the major issues which CAPTCHA provides a solution to is, stopping spammers for creating unlimited accounts and sending emails to millions of people spam mails. In this paper, the authors are proposing their algorithm for solving the Google CAPTCHA. Being able to solve the Google CAPTCHA using a program would mean that there are some security issues which need to be considered at the earliest and this would assist them develop a better CAPTCHA.


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Beach Living Archives
5 Places to Live in Mexico…and 3 to Avoid
By Glynna Prentice |
Mexico is not only the nearest destination abroad for U.S. and Canadian expats; it is also one of the most popular. More than a million expats are estimated to live in Mexico full- or part-time…the largest concentration of North American expats anywhere in the world...
Read More : 5 Places to Live in Mexico…and 3 to Avoid
Lesser-Known Mexican Beaches on the Oaxaca Coast
By Louisa Rogers |
If you want to get away from the hustle and bustle of Mexico's better-known beach resorts such as Cancun, Los Cabos, and Puerto Vallarta, consider heading down to the State of Oaxaca's Pacific Coast. Although the beaches there are further from the U.S. and Canada than those further north...
Read More : Lesser-Known Mexican Beaches on the Oaxaca Coast
Where to Find the Best Beaches in Belize
By Ann Kuffner |
Belize is well-known for its famous Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, second only to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. For decades adventurous scuba divers and anglers have vacationed in Belize, in pursuit of their favorite marine sports. But this tiny country also has some fine beaches. But they aren't always obvious to the first-time tourist...
Read More : Where to Find the Best Beaches in Belize
Renting in Costa Rica From $400 a Month
By Jason Holland |
Costa Rica is one of the most popular and well-known vacation, second-home, and retirement destinations for North Americans. Though a small country, Costa Rica's regions offer a wide variety of climate, lifestyle, and landscape. And renting in Costa Rica is a great way to experience day-to-day life while looking for your own place under the tropical sun. Much of Costa Rica's lush tropical forests and sun-splashed shoreline has been designated as national parkland or reserve. Costa Rica is rapidly approaching carbon-neutral status in energy production and emissions, and its health care system is one of the most affordable and highly rated in the world.
Read More : Renting in Costa Rica From $400 a Month
Where to Dock Your Boat: Panama's Best Marinas
By Linda Card |
Before settling in David in western Panama in 2009, I lived aboard my sailboat, Carina, for 16 years. My husband and I sailed the western Caribbean and we still have many friends among the cruising community. Although Panama has miles of coastline, it has few marine facilities for small boats. If you're looking for a safe harbor to dock your boat in Panama, here are the stand-out marinas to visit.
Read More : Where to Dock Your Boat: Panama's Best Marinas
Scuba Diving in Belize
By Laura Diffendal |
Although it is a small country, Belize is one of the premier destinations in the world for scuba diving. Belize sits on the coast of the Caribbean Sea, just south of the Yucatan peninsula, with 240 miles of coastline and countless cayes (islands).
Read More : Scuba Diving in Belize
Thailand, Cambodia and Malaysia: Three Great Destinations to Live in Southeast Asia
By International Living |
Living in Southeast Asia is a lot easier than you probably think…it's easier to get around, to get what you need, to find a community that will welcome you. While the distance may be intimidating, the reality on the ground is much less so than you may imagine. Expats living in this part of the world report that life is at once exhilarating, comfortable and affordable.
Read More : Thailand, Cambodia and Malaysia: Three Great Destinations to Live in Southeast Asia
Alicante, Spain: Will It Get Under Your Skin, Too?
By Koren Helbig |
I arrived in Alicante planning to stay just a few months, thinking I'd wait out Spain's scorching summer months here beside the city's languorous stretch of Mediterranean coastline, a chance to relax and recharge before returning to a larger city. My German landlord eyed me dubiously. He'd moved here almost a decade ago, planning to stay just one year.
Read More : Alicante, Spain: Will It Get Under Your Skin, Too?
Beachside Caribbean Real Estate is More Affordable Than You Might Think in Belize
There's barely been a better time to look at the beachside real estate market in beautiful Belize. Prices have been dropping for the past year or two, making more homes affordable no matter what your budget, whether you intend to rent or buy. And while many prefer to rent (at least at first), another great benefit of Belize is that it allows foreigners to own land and property outright—even beachfront...
Read More : Beachside Caribbean Real Estate is More Affordable Than You Might Think in Belize
The 3 Best Beaches in Latin America
By Margaret Summerfield |
I'm about to reveal my top three beaches. So, here's my top three. And, my take on whether they'd make good locations for a vacation home.
Read More : The 3 Best Beaches in Latin America
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1. What are the projects in which you have been involved in the past months, Susi?
La Finca fully fills my life so I do not look for too many projects outside the restaurant. Right now, I'm focused on several new dishes for the menu.
2. When did you start performing weddings and events in your restaurant?
In La Finca, we have always been performing events. We have made two major remodelling in the restaurant throughout its history, but we have never forgotten celebrations.
3. What is your relationship with the world of events? Have you organized dinners for companies or special events for VIP clients?
4. How do you envision the evolution of events or weddings in the future?
Lately, the staging has become crucial. In La Finca, we have always been worried about innovation, but it is increasingly important to be original when preparing events.
A dish decorated with natural flowers by Susi Diaz, La Finca restaurant.
5. What would be the design of an ideal wedding? Do you have some ideas to share with us?
It would certainly have to start with a highly detailed cocktail in the garden. Once in the dinner room, 4 premium dishes and then a great party. However, the most important thing is to share it your beloved ones and enjoy the day without any worry. So in short, the perfect wedding is one in which you do not have to worry about anything.
6. What news brings us La Finca restaurant in 2016?
We start the year with great enthusiasm. We will soon renew the Temptations menu. Moreover, this season we have fascinating suggestions for weddings.


Your horse is more than just another animal, it may be a companion, friend and family member as well as a work partner, exercise buddy, business asset and show stopper. To keep your horse up to fulfilling all those roles, you need to have the proper supplies, equipment, food, exercising and caring for your horse, whether you have a mature brood mare, a thriving stallion, an energetic gelding or a flirtatious filly. Fortunately, we are here to help!


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#Stadium #NewStadium
Northumberland Development Project – Update
Fri 29 July 2016, 17:30| Tottenham Hotspur
The new stadium site continues to be a hive of activity with work to areas of the basement and ground floor progressing.
The latest developments can be seen in the official images above.
The dismantling of the North East corner is largely complete with the majority of the east and north stand corner sections removed. The focus in this part of the ground is switching to getting it clear and accessible ready for the new season with the installation of the temporary staircases underway.
The basement slab in some of the northern parts of the new stadium is complete with work on the ground floor slab to those areas being progressed.
Revision to Main West Entrance
The Club can confirm that it has received planning permission from Haringey Council for a revision to the main west stand High Road entrance of the new stadium.
The revision, which was submitted to Haringey Council last month, replaces the original escalator box design and sees the introduction of a sculptured glass arch which forms part of the main entrance.
We are delighted that the scheme continues to progress and shall keep fans updated. Current works on site can be viewed via the Stadium TV section…


If you're not familiar with Wismec yet, there's a good reason for that. During the formative years of the vaping industry, Wismec made a name for itself by designing and building vaping devices that other companies put their logos on and sold. If you've been vaping for a while, it's likely that you've owned at least one Wismec device — even if it had another company's logo on it.
Wismec's obscurity disappeared forever with the release of the Wismec Reuleaux. The first mainstream triple-battery vaping device, the Reuleaux made all-day vaping possible even at power settings over 100 watts. The Reuleaux series was an instant hit and remains in production today — and if you're a Wismec fan, you're going to need some Wismec coils.
If you want proof of Wismec's technical excellence, look no further than Wismec Motiv pods. The pod provides enough smooth, pure vapor to last all day, and the device is as beautiful and glossy as a river-polished pebble.
We're proud to offer guaranteed authentic Wismec coils online at the lowest price, and we never charge shipping fees for any order regardless of size. Cheap, authentic coils delivered direct to us from the factory and shipped to your door — that's what you'll get when you shop at Vapors Planet.


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Narcan to be Available at Independent Pharmacies
by: KELSEY KAUFMANN
Posted: Mar 2, 2016 / 02:16 PM EST / Updated: Mar 2, 2016 / 06:29 PM EST
A medication that reverses heroin overdoses will soon be available to customers of independent pharmacies without a prescription.
Naloxone is commonly known as Narcan. Governor Andrew Cuomo has been pushing to increase its accessibility in an effort to curb opioid abuse in New York State.
The state Department of Health will issue medical orders to more than 750 independent pharmacies outside New York City.
CVS and Walgreens stores already have Narcan available without a prescription. Many first responders also carry the medication, and most people can carry it if they receive training.
Narcan is administered by injection or nasal spray. It temporarily blocks the effects of opioids to allow and overdose patient to regain consciousness.
"Usually you do this with the person that that has overdosed and what the drug does it is reverses the effects of the opioid so it brings them out of the overdose, brings them into consciousness and helps them breath better," says Janet LaRue with Trinity of Chemung County.
Mainly cloudy with snow showers around this evening. Low 14F. Winds NNW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of snow 40%. Precip: 40%
California inmate kills convicted child molester, officials say
Early morning MVA in Elmira Heights, driver's condition unknown


Occupational safety and health research and surveillance are essential for the prevention and control of injuries, illnesses and hazards that arise from the workplace. Research and surveillance can fill gaps in knowledge about where hazards exist and what interventions are effective at preventing workplace injuries, illnesses and fatalities. Workers' compensation insurance records are a resource used for these primary prevention purposes. In addition, workers' compensation records may be used for early detection of health outcomes in populations of workers which is part of secondary prevention. They may also be used to help identify effective medical treatment which is part of tertiary prevention.


Cairo, Egypt, 18 April 2018,–The Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC), the advisory organ of the African Union, held Joint Planning Meeting for six of its Sectorial Clusters from 16–18 April 2018. The purpose of the meeting was to create a platform for proper planning, provide technical input into the policy and programmes of the African Union Commission and finally to work in synergy with the various AUC Departments.
The meeting provided participants from ECOSOCC Sectorial Clusters with information on the African Union Commission's relevant technical departments and their annual work plan for 2018/19 in relation to Agenda 2063 to share with their counterpart technical cluster committees.
This was done to create a conducive environment for a joint planning session that enables ECOSOCC to make meaningful contribution into the work of the African Union Commission with technical input to the various departments.
In his opening remarks, Mr. Ahmed El Basheer, Director of the Citizens and Diaspora Directorate (CIDO) acknowledged the significant progress made since the elections of ECOSOCC's current Standing Committee which has changed the narrative of the Organ to be an Organ that adds substantive value to the programmes and policies of the African Union Commission. He also commended the engagement of all Cluster Chairs and members of various Clusters including the wider civil society organisations for their support to the AUC programmes.
image006.jpg"The ECOSOCC Secretariat has established a harmonious relationship with the Commission's various technical departmental heads and their counterpart sectorial cluster chairs of the ECOSOCC up to the level of the African Union's Commissioners and the Chairperson. It is now the responsibility of each and every ECOSOCC Cluster Chair to keep that engagement alive", he added.
In his remarks, Head of the African Union's Permanent Observer Mission to the League of Arab States, Ambassador Abdel Hamid Bouzaher reminded the participants that one of their roles as Civil Society on the continent is to work hand in hand with the African Union Commission assisting in the promotion of the Commission's programmes and policies. He also shed light on the African Union's flagship projects under the Agenda 2063 and its respective 10-year implementation plan.
The participants of the Joint Planning Meeting reviewed the status of the implementation of ECOSOCC sectorial clusters' operationalization Action Plan, and discussed presentations of ECOSOCC Strategic Plan and the Agenda 2063 for strategic alignment with their respective cluster plans for 2018/19.
Finally, the meeting was a platform to explore in concrete terms how to better integrate ECOSOCC inputs into the policies and programmes of the African Union Commission.


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Q: VBA pulling prices from different HTML classes Im looking to create a VBA script which checks a website and pulls the price from the class. My issue there are 2 potential classes ".kuSalePrice kuSpecialPrice" and ".kuSalePrice". I created the below to check if the class ".kuSalePrice" exists and if not, the second class and output the price.
I am getting the following error on the line below
Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("C" & lRow).Value = result2.innerText

"Object variable or with block variable not set"

Sub PriceCheck()

Dim ie As InternetExplorer
Dim doc As HTMLDocument
Dim result As IHTMLElement
Dim result2 As IHTMLElement
Dim url As String
Dim lRow As Long

Set ie = New InternetExplorer

ie.Visible = True
lRow = 2
url = Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B" & lRow).Value

Do Until url = ""
    ie.navigate url

    Do
        DoEvents
    Loop Until ie.readyState = READYSTATE_COMPLETE

    Set doc = ie.document

    Set result = doc.querySelector(".SalePrice")

    If IsObject(doc.querySelector(".SalePrice")) Then
    MsgBox "does exsist"
    Set result2 = result

    Else
    MsgBox "doesnt exsist"
    Set result2 = doc.querySelector(".SalePrice SpecialPrice")

    End If

    Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("C" & lRow).Value = result2.innerText

    lRow = lRow + 1
    url = Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B" & lRow).Value
Loop

Cells.Replace What:="£", Replacement:="", LookAt:=xlPart, _
SearchOrder:=xlByRows, MatchCase:=False

End Sub

A: I didn't test it but I would try something like :
If IsObject(doc.querySelector(".SalePrice")) Then
    Set result = doc.querySelector(".SalePrice")
    Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("C" & lRow).Value = result.innerText
ElseIf IsObject(doc.querySelector(".SalePrice SpecialPrice")) Then
    Set result = doc.querySelector(".SalePrice SpecialPrice")
    Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("C" & lRow).Value = result.innerText
End If


QAD will announce financial results for its fiscal 2016 third quarter after the close of regular trading hours on Tuesday, November 24, 2015.
SANTA BARBARA, Calif. — October 15, 2015 — QAD Inc. (NASDAQ: QADA)(NASDAQ: QADB), a leading provider of enterprise business software and services for global manufacturing companies, will announce financial results for its fiscal 2016 third quarter after the close of regular trading hours on Tuesday, November 24, 2015. The company will conduct a conference call at 5 p.m. Eastern Time/2 p.m. Pacific Time on the same day to discuss the company's financial performance.
Investment professionals are invited to participate in the live call by dialing 800-230-1059 (domestic) or 612-234-9960 (international). This call is being webcast and can be accessed at QAD's Web site at www.qad.com, where it will be archived for one year.
An audio replay of the conference call will be available through midnight December 2, 2015 by dialing 800-475-6701 (domestic) or 320-365-3844 (international), passcode 370878.
QAD Inc. (NASDAQ:QADA) (NASDAQ:QADB) is a leading provider of enterprise software and services designed for global manufacturing companies. For more than 35 years, QAD has provided global manufacturing companies with QAD Enterprise Applications, an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system that supports operational requirements, including financials, manufacturing, demand and supply chain planning, customer management, business intelligence and business process management. QAD Enterprise Applications is offered in flexible deployment models in the cloud, on premise, or in a blended environment. With QAD, customers and partners in the automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial products and life sciences industries can better align daily operations with their strategic goals to meet their vision of becoming more Effective Enterprises.
Note to Investors: This press release contains certain forward-looking statements made under the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements regarding projections of revenue, income and loss, capital expenditures, plans and objectives of management regarding the Company's business, future economic performance or any of the assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements are based on the company's current expectations. Words such as "expects," "believes," "anticipates," "could," "will likely result," "estimates," "intends," "may," "projects," "should," "would," "might," "plan" and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. A number of risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. These risks include, but are not limited to: risks associated with our cloud service offerings, such as defects and disruptions in our services, our ability to properly manage our cloud service offerings, our reliance on third-party hosting and other service providers, and our exposure to liability and loss from security breaches; demand for the company's products, including cloud service, licenses, services and maintenance; pressure to make concessions on our pricing and changes in our pricing models; protection of our intellectual property; dependence on third-party suppliers and other third-party relationships, such as sales, services and marketing channels; changes in our revenue, earnings, operating expenses and margins; the reliability of our financial forecasts and estimates of the costs and benefits of transactions; the ability to leverage changes in technology; defects in our software products and services; third-party opinions about the company; competition in our industry; the ability to recruit and retain key personnel; delays in sales; timely and effective integration of newly acquired businesses; economic conditions in our vertical markets and worldwide; exchange rate fluctuations; and the global political environment. For a more detailed description of the risk factors associated with the company and factors that may affect our forward-looking statements, please refer to the company's latest Annual Report on Form 10-K and, in particular, the section entitled "Risk Factors" therein, and in other periodic reports the company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission thereafter. Management does not undertake to update these forward-looking statements except as required by law.


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GLASKIN'S LIFE
GLASKIN'S WORK
HIS BIOGRAPHY
HIS LEGACY
How others saw him
Conscientious host who could not do enough for a guest.
Ever willing to go forth and slay a dragon for someone if required.
Prepared to jump in where angels feared to tread.
So much life crammed into one body.
He was what made the sun shine and wine taste nice.
Didn't try to please anyone; what you saw was what you got.
Had an acerbic, often confrontational manner, but was pretty vulnerable underneath.
Inclined to pursue grievances and conspiracies, real or imaginary, to the detriment of his ordinary enjoyment of life.
Rather intolerant towards his fellow Australians.
Would target individuals who had offered him real or imaginary slight.
A tall, well spoken, articulate and rather haughty man of patrician personality.
At his core, he was a bit of a prude.
Like an older brother, which he was — the managing elder brother.
Spoke with a good accent, not English, but cultured and a slight drawl.
The above comments were made to me, in writing or in person, by people who assisted me with my research.
Click on:
About Glaskin
By Glaskin
To view a slideshow of images from Glaskin's life and work, click here:
How Glaskin saw himself
What a misfit I am! Too late to have been of [his grandmother's] generation, born 30 years too early to be one of this first generation of interest in this sad little century.
Dominating characteristic: Hope, to the extent of pigheadedness.
I always have the dread that I will wake up one day and not be able to write a word.
I am terribly homesick for Holland all the time. I just can't get it out of my mind.
I had only wanted to be a writer from as early as I can remember.
I have a fearsome fit of temper which I don't in any way 'lose' — if only I could — and let it explode.
I have always tried to safeguard myself and others against the insupportable agony of loneliness.
I have been taught by three women — my mother, my grandmother, my godmother — to love [life] to one's utmost ability.
I would rather have been a composer or performer of music than a writer.
I'm not a literary writer but I'm not purely a commercial writer either.
I'm trisexual — I try everything at least twice in case I don't like it the first time.
When I am surfing, I can forget even the long love-hate relationship I have always borne this native country of mine.
The above quoatations are from Glaskin's letters, interviews and articles.
A life lived to the inch
However much one might find fault with Glaskin's writing or displeasure with aspects of his personality, it is impossible not to acknowledge a life-seeking exuberance in this man who defied the odds and was at times extraordinary. From the nine-year old boy who crouched under a railway line as a train screeched overhead to his last days when he engaged in ferocious verbal battles with hospital staff, he refused to live life on the periphery. Only the centre was good enough for him, and often a painful, explosive centre at that.
Glaskin was primarily an experiential person, not an intellectual one. He approached life by jumping in feet first and recording the experience afterwards. His opinions on a variety of subjects were quickly formed and boldly stated. Although he had dexterity with words, both spoken and written, they were basically tools to project, transfer and extrapolate experiences from his own life to others. He relied heavily on people, places and events he knew first hand as grist for his books and used them to tell a good tale. As his agent, David Bolt, accurately perceived, Glaskin was primarily a first-rate storyteller.
Maybe that is the way Glaskin deserves to be remembered. But he was not just a good storyteller.
He was one who dared to push the boundaries of acceptability in his choice of subject matter and who experimented with diverse forms and styles of writing to communicate with his readers. To many Australians, he opened windows on their shuttered lives and provoked them to think about issues they had ignored or simply never dealt with. To many readers outside Australia, he offered a glimpse of people and places they had not encountered firsthand. His books, like his life, formed a bridge between vastly different worlds.
When Glaskin died in 2000, he left a legacy worthy of scrutiny and respect. The time has come to give him his due.
John Burbidge
...with thanks to David Buchanan for the title quote
Gerald Marcus Glaskin
Gerald Glaskin's books, short stories and poems
Articles about Gerald Glaskin
Articles by Gerald Glaskin
Reviews of Glaskin's publications
Covers of Glaskin's books
Collage of Glaskin newspaper headlines
Copyright © 2016 Gerald Marcus Glaskin. All rights reserved.