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Humility and Confidence in Filmmaking- Quincy Ledbetter's advice
In a recent podcast episode with Film Riot, filmmaker Quincy Ledbetter discusses his first feature film with Paramount and how he got to where he is today. Ledbetter's key advice is that a filmmaker needs to find the perfect balance between confidence and humility.
He went on to state that as a director it's okay to level with your cast and crew and admit when you don't know everything. In fact, he admitted that in several points of his career some of his best cinematic moments came from speaking with cast and crew and brainstorming together.
When describing his first feature film, Alieu the Dreamer, he described how throughout the entire pre production and pitching process he went forward with the mentally that no matter what happened he was going to make the film anyway. Fully believing this calmed nerves and helped him to gain confidence when pitching to producers.
I think everyone has heard the phrase don't think just do. But Ledbetter really brings this mentality to life and gives humbling advice on maintaining a balance of humility and confidence as an emerging filmmaker.
Listen to Quincy Ledbetter's full podcast with Film Riot Here
Countdown To Christmas! The 5 Best Holiday Films
There is no shortage of Christmas movies in the world. Here is my list of the 5 Holiday films I find myself gravitating towards every year. 1. It's A Wonderful Life (1946) It's a Wonderful Life is a film that I did not appreciate at all as a kid. It's my dad's favorite Christmas film, …
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Spike Lee's Advice: Follow Your Passion
In a recent podcast on The Craft of the Director with the Director's Guild Spike Lee gave lots of insight into the emergence of his career and how he has found success. Lee emphasized several times that it only takes one person to inspire somebody and to ignite a spark within them that begins their …
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The Pianist (2002) Review
In this adaptation of the autobiography "The Pianist: The Extraordinary True Story of One Man's Survival in Warsaw, 1939-1945," Wladyslaw Szpilman (Adrien Brody), a Polish Jewish radio station pianist, sees Warsaw change gradually as World War II begins. Szpilman is forced into the Warsaw Ghetto, but is later separated from his family during Operation Reinhard. From this time until the concentration camp prisoners are released, Szpilman hides in various locations among the ruins of Warsaw.
(USA)Director: Roman Polanski
Featured song: Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth.
Screenplay: Ronald Harwood
I'm ashamed to say that it took me so long to a watch this film. The Pianist gives its audience an entirely fresh perspective of what Jews faced during the Holocaust. This film touched my soul uniquely. If you have not seen this film, do yourself a favor and go watch it!
Most movies with a Jewish protagonist during WWII showcase what life was like inside of the concentration camps. However, in this film the audience gains knowledge of what life in the Ghetto was like and what life looked like for the Jews that worked outside of Concentration Camps. I loved getting a new outlook on historically accurate events, especially since this film is based on a true story.
Szpilman in his hiding place
The film centers on Wladyslaw Szpilman, a Jewish pianist living in Poland. As his family is being loaded up on trains headed for Concentration Camps, a Jewish friend of Szpilman's who became a German Solder pulls him out of the crowd saving his life. The rest of the film follows Szpilman trying to survive in an empty ghetto, getting a construction job working for the Germans, and finally hiding out until the end of the war.
This is not a movie for those faint of heart. There is a reason they rate this film R. It's emotionally jarring and hard to watch at times. However, for that reason I think it's crucial for us to watch. The acting in this movie is beyond incredible. Adrien Brody, portrays the protagonist film, and his acting is one of the most believable performances I have seen in a very long time. Whatever emotion his character was feeling, I physically felt in my gut. In fact, there were several times I teared up alongside him. The acting along with the lifelike sets made me feel like I was watching a documentary on the actual family versus actors re-creating the historical events.
Szpilman wanders around an empty Jewish Ghetto after being separated from his entire family
I've heard people criticizing this film for having too slow of a pace. However, for me this just added to its realist feel. It felt like the film was occurring in real time, which added to its life like feel. I have nothing bad to say about this film. Have you seen this film? Leave your thoughts in the comments down below.
I would definitely watch this film again, and I highly recommend everyone watch it at least once in their lifetime. This film is available for streaming on Netflix and Amazon Prime as of the time I am posting this.
Wladyslaw Szpilman In Real Life
If you enjoy Holocaust centered films, check out my review on Life Is Beautiful. Another film centered on a Jewish family with a unique storyline and perspective.
https://cinematicgeekster.com/2020/04/26/life-is-beautiful-1997-film-review/
5 Things I've learned Since Making My First Short Film
We all have to start somewhere, and that's okay. I recently just re watched the first short film I have ever made.. and boy was it rough. But it's not good to be critical of our past works, because we have since grown and expanded our knowledge of filmmaking. I'm going to share with you 5 things I know now that I didn't know when I made my first short film.
The Importance of Having a Script
When I made my first short film, I did not know of plot points and the three act structure. If you need a tutorial on these things check out my blog post on how to write a screenplay here… https://cinematicgeekster.wordpress.com/2020/04/13/writing-a-screenplay-rules-and-format/. However, when I made my first short film, I didn't even use a written script. Which I thought was okay because I was the writer, director, and cinematographer. The issue with not having a written script was that the actors did not fully understand what was happening until I gave them the rundown before each shot. It also strongly impacted the continuity of my film.
2. The Importance of Quality Audio
I knew nothing about audio editing when I made my first film. I did not understand that voice narration needed to be louder than any background noise and music. I also used my iPhone to record voice over narration, which was fine, but there was a lot of wind in the background. Looking back, I could have tried to clean up the audio in editing. However, since it was my first film I was editing on Movie Maker, I really should have just recorded in a controlled and quiet environment versus outside.
3. Don't be Afraid to Re Shoot
In my first short film I shot each scene once and then moved on. I took no time to watch the scene I just shot and see if anything needed to be redone. I also had no idea what a safety shot was and how useful it can be when it comes time to edit. The camera work of the film was not bad at all, however, there were shots out of focus I could have easily fixed by re shooting.
4. Take Time Choosing Music for Your Film
One thing that drove me crazy the most when re watching my first short film was the choice in music. Each song I chose was extremely cinematic and dramatic. Which is fine, however, I filed almost every second of the film up with this kind of music. Because of this, the music lost all of its emotional impact since there was no clear drawn climatic moment in the music. It didn't occur to me that not every single moment of a film needs to be full of music, and that it's okay to have silent moments as well.
5. Don't Skip Pre-Production
I had no form of pre-production when I made my first short film. I got my actors together, had an idea in my mind, and just starting filming. Spending more time in pre production could have easily avoided many issues in my film and I think overall it would have made the film flow better. If you want a rundown on what each stage of filmmaking involves check out my blog post on the three stages of production here… https://cinematicgeekster.wordpress.com/2020/04/17/the-3-stages-of-production/
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by Cinematic Geekster	 December 22, 2020 December 22, 2020
by Cinematic Geekster	 December 1, 2020
Sofia Coppola: Characterization and Relatability
In a recent podcast with The Treatment, Sofia Coppola discusses her newest film, "On the Rocks," starring Bill Murray and Rashida Jones. One of the things the podcast heavily focused on was the characterization of the two main characters and how relatable they are to everyday life. The film follows a father and a daughter …
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by Cinematic Geekster	 November 19, 2020
Writing A Screenplay- Rules and Structure
Guidelines When Writing A Screenplay
Feature- length screenplays are 90- 120 pages. When formulated correctly this equals 90- 120 minutes on screen.
Industry Standard Formatting
Act 1 = pages 1-30
Act 2 = pages 31-90
Act 3 = pages 91-120
The Five and Dime Rule
Typically studios and producers look at the first five pages and the last ten pages of a screenplay to determine if they will produce it.
Introduction to your screen world
Begin with an image
The first few moments are the most important because they will immerse the audience into your production
The inciting incident will occur in Act 1 and this is the catalyst that begins the main conflict of the movie
The "World" of your film goes from order to chaos
What does your character want? Will he/she succeed?
End of Act 1 = the first big turning point or Plot Point 1
Remember the end of Act 1 should occur around page 30
Act 2 is the middle of the movie. Remember, according to industry standards Act 2 occurs from pages 31-90.
The focus is how the plot point will be resolved.
More complications should develop that are keeping the main character from reaching their goal or objective.
Plot Point 2 will occur right at the end of Act 2 (around page 90). Plot Point 2 needs to be dramatic and drastic as it will lead to the climax of the film. For example, maybe someone dies, and the main character is battling internally with whether or not he would continue. Raise the stakes!!!
Act 3 is the resolution of the film
Remember Act 3 usually occurs between pages 91 and 120 in a feature length film.
An epiphany needs to happen as well as a resolution and wrapping up of loose ends.
This is the typical industry format for a feature length film. Keep in mind that one minute of script should equal one minute of screen time. Also, make sure you have two plot points as this will drive forth the action of your film and captivate the audience. It's also important to note that these ruled are more of a guide than a formula you must strictly follow. However, there is a reason these rules have become the standard, and it's because it works. Audience members are used to this formula, and it's what we expect when watching a film. However, ruled can be broken successfully. Especially for starting out with writing a feature-length film, these guidelines are really helpful to follow.
Lucas Hagar: The Influence of NArrative Storytelling on Documentaries
In a podcast with Film Riot, Lucas Harger talked in-depth about his filmmaking process as well as the creative cross between narrative film and documentary filmmaking. As a filmmaker, Lucas has been successful in crossing between editing both documentary and narrative stories to produce unique and creative content. According to Lucas, being able to create …
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Samuel L. Jackson: Career Reflection
In a recent article with IndieWire, Zack Sharf wrote about the impact shooting 'The Hateful Eight' had on Samuel L. Jackson. While receiving the Legend of Cinema Award at the 2020 SCAD Savannah Film Festival, Jackson took the time to reflect on his professional career. Jackson states that his relationship with the cast members from …
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by Cinematic Geekster	 November 4, 2020
ava duvernay: tips on being an effective director
In a recent podcast with The Director's Guild, Ava Duvernay sat down to discuss her tips of the trade on being an effective director. Ava's biggest piece of advice is to know yourself as a director, including your limitations as a director. Knowing what you are and are not capable of creates a more effective …
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Posted on March 27, 2020 May 5, 2020
5 Movies To Help Get You Through Social Distancing
The world right now is a stressful and scary place. Everywhere you look there is news and talk of the COVID-19 outbreak. It's easy to fall into a state of depression and gloom, and to let the stress of everything get the best of you. However, I'm hoping this list of feel- good films can bring a little happiness to your day. As movie lovers film can be a good place to go to for a mental and emotional break from the world.
I think it's awesome that Disney Plus released this film early on its streaming database. If you have not seen this movie yet, I strongly recommend you go watch it. I have seen this movie twice now and enjoyed it equally both times. No matter how old you are, it's a light-hearted and enjoyable watch. If you have Disney Plus, go watch it! I guarantee you it will brighten up your day during this stressful time.
Ferris Bueller's Day Off
No matter how many times you watch this film, you will fall in love with it a little more every time. All around this is the definition of a feel good movie. It will have you laughing till your eyes water, sitting on the edge of your seat, and keep captivated until the credits roll.
The Hunger Games (Series)
These movies are endearing and suspenseful. After watching the first movie of the series, you will not be able to stop until you have seen them all. Which will end up killing a lot of time and allow you an escape from reality. It's easy to get emotionally invested in these movies, and the story line is very action packed and exciting!
Mrs. Doubtfire
If you need a good laugh, then this film is a must see. Robin Williams once again does a fantastic job in this film, and will have you laughing until your stomach hurts. Not only that, but this is also a very good feel good movie, and it has a powerful message to it.
If you need a movie, that will make you cry, then definitely go check this one out. This movie will suck you in from the first scene of the entire movie. It's a very tear jerking and a feel good film. Check out my full review of this film under the film reviews section of my blog.
Let me know if you give any of these films a try or if you have any more recommendations of films to watch during this time of quarantine and social distancing.
Posted on February 17, 2020 May 5, 2020
Rear Window Film Review
The story of a recuperating news photographer who believes he has witnessed a murder. Confined to a wheelchair after an accident, he spends his time watching the occupants of neighbouring apartments through a telephoto lens and binoculars and becomes convinced that a murder has taken place.
Release date: August 4, 1954 (New York)
Screenplay: John Michael Hayes
Featured song: Lisa
Awards: Edgar Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay, National Board of Review Award for Best Actress
Rear Window is my favorite Alfred Hitchcock film and has been on my top 10 list of films for years. My favorite thing about this film is the set. The whole movie takes place from Jeff Jeffereies (James Stewart's) apartment. Throughout the movie the viewer looks into the lives of his neighbors through Jefferies window and into the neighbors' windows. All the shots spying on the neighbors are done from a point of view aspect. This is creative and different for movies made during the 50s. The camera shots get very creative. My favorite point of view shots is when Jefferies looks through his telephoto lense on his camera to get a closer look at the lives around him. As the camera cuts from Jeffereies looking out, to what he is seeing the audience sees the images on the screen as if they themselves were looking through a telephoto lense. In this way, the director has taken complete control of the audience and has manipulated how they will watch and perceive the film.
Another creative camera movement this film does an innovative and creative job of accomplishing is breaking the 180 degree rule. In film, we use the 180 degree rule when setting up camera shots. The 180 degree rule says that two characters in a scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. Traditionally, if the 180 degree rule is broken it disrupts the scene and causes disorientation to the audience. However, there is a scene in this movie upon which the 180 rule is broken, causing no kind of distortion. In a scene between James Stewart and Grace Kelly, she crosses over the line and into the other side of the action. However, the way they pull it off there is no disorientation to the audience which is hard to do.
The acting in this film is totally on par. James Stewart never disappoints, and his acting in this film is extremely compelling. The acting of the neighbors though small roles, are done exceptionally well. Something that's important in this film is the disconnect between all the neighbors. Throughout the entire film, the viewer sees a world in which all of its characters are stuck inside their own worlds and never fully connect with each other. The only time the neighbors interact is when the death of a neighbor's dog brings them together. I really appreciated this element of the film because it felt a lot like real life. Typically, we are so stuck inside of our own lives we don't always notice the small details around us until a tragedy brings us all together.
The last thing I really enjoy about this film is the plot structure. This film flows so effortlessly, and it follows a well put together plot structure. It's the type of movie in which you forgot your watching a film. Every element of this film flows so effortlessly and ties together. perfectly it's easy to see that the creators of this film put a lot of time and effort into the films pre-production which paid off.


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Very intricate and ornate! This vintage filagree side table will surely add character to your event. Made from aged silver metal, its crossed braced legs hold a circular tray shaped table top. They coordinate nicely with our aged silver filagree mirror trays!


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Q: i am tryng to put firebase in my project i have tried everthing, it returns a error code 500 import * as firebase from 'firebase';
import '@react-native-firebase/auth'

const firebaseConfig = {
  apiKey: "your-key-here",
  authDomain: "your-name-here.firebaseapp.com",
  projectId: "your-id-here",
  storageBucket: "your-name-here.appspot.com",
  messagingSenderId: "0000000000",
  appId: "000000000",
  measurementId: "G-XXXXXXXXXXX"
};

// Initialize Firebase
const app = initializeApp(firebaseConfig);
const analytics = getAnalytics(app);
export default fi

rebase;
it returns with However, this package itself specifies a main module field that could not be resolved (C:\Users\brock\Desktop\react-native\insta-app\node_modules\firebase\index. Indeed, none of these files exist:
I am trying to create a login system it doesnt seem to wanna work

A: import * as firebase from "firebase";
import "@firebase/auth";
import "@firebase/firestore";

const firebaseConfig = {
  apiKey: "your-key-here",
  authDomain: "your-name-here.firebaseapp.com",
  projectId: "your-id-here",
  storageBucket: "your-name-here.appspot.com",
  messagingSenderId: "0000000000",
  appId: "000000000",
  measurementId: "G-XXXXXXXXXXX"
};

  if (firebase.apps.length === 0) {
     firebase.initializeApp(firebaseConfig);
  }

Always works for me.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Lime Springs - Lime Springs Then & Now Dau (2) was 150 years in the making, but it is complete and on sale now!
Price for the spiral-bound book is $26.75, including tax. Hard cover books are $42.80 with pre-orders required at 563-547-3601. Credit cards are accepted. Friday, Aug. 24 is the cutoff for hard cover books.
Marcie Klomp, who started researching for the book over the past 12 years, called it quits the middle of July. "I really had fun researching and compiling the information to put in the book, but toward the end, I was starting to not like history so much! Now that I've been done for a month, I'm liking it again," she laughed.
Some of the information is the same as the first book, but Klomp found new and different stories to tell.
Lime Springs Then & Now Dau (2) and the original Lime Springs Then & Now from 1968 are available for sale at Times Plain Dealer. The newest book is also for sale at CUSB Bank and Curt's Home Town General Store, both in Lime Springs.
The books will make great gifts for family and friends!


Tomorrow's success hinges on today's hiring decisions. At Hire Velocity, we understand the vital importance of developing talent acquisition solutions that align with your corporate values and strategy in order to attract quality people to your organization. We partner with you to develop comprehensive, scalable workforce strategies based on industry best practices optimized for competitive advantage.


How the alternative school Chinquapin prepares me and other students from Houston's inner city for college – and life in a multicultural world.
I RECEIVED THE FATEFUL CALL late one summer night in 1969. My father, unable to speak English, handed me the phone and said in Spanish, "I think it's from that school." At the other end of the line was Robert Moore, his voice full of enthusiasm, inviting me to attend a new school that he and his wife, Maxine, were starting near Baytown. It was to be a college-preparatory boarding school for the ghetto and barrio boys of Houston.
That first class consisted of sixteen seventh-grade boys: eight blacks, six Mexican Americans, and two whites. Of the original students, six managed to survive the lonely nights, the chores, the government-surplus food, the early-morning track runs, the lack of television, and the demanding schoolwork to graduate. Three of us attended college, but I was the only one to get a diploma. I collected three degrees: a B.A. from Drake University, in Des Moines, Iowa, and two M.A.'s, one in Spanish from Rice University and another in journalism from Northwestern, in Evanston, Illinois. I also spent a summer at the University of Colorado and my junior year in Spain. Had Chinquapin helped me? Yes. No doubt. The tiny school instilled in me a love of reading and writing and a curiosity about the world that I have yet to satisfy. Equally important, Chinquapin taught me to live in a multicultural environment where skin color and cultural background were recognized and respected.
The Chinquapin School—which moved to Highlands, about 25 miles east of Houston, in 1973—has gotten bigger and better since its shaky start thirty years ago. It remains the only prep school in Texas—and one of the few in the country, along with the Milton Hershey School in Pennsylvania—that targets poor students, especially minorities. Says Susan Sclafani, the chief of staff for educational services for the Houston Independent School District: "I think the school provides a wonderful opportunity for students to remove themselves from the temptation of the inner-city neighborhoods and focus on academics and social development in an environment in which they are able to blossom and learn." Chinquapin has become a model for alternative schools, helping students from low-income families reach their highest potential. Bill Heinzerling, the school's director, says he often gets calls from educators around the country who plan to start a school like Chinquapin and want to know how it achieved its success.
Chinquapin was a product of the sixties, a time when educators were experimenting with "free schools" or "schools without walls." Most of the experimental schools died almost as soon as they started. They were too loose and lacked a firm structure with which to guide young minds. Not Chinquapin. Robert Moore had taught for eighteen years at the exclusive St. John's School in Houston. An authoritarian with a kind heart, he was that rare teacher who could inspire even the worst students to learn.
Fed up with teaching rich kids, Moore wanted to help poor kids. He solicited money from his former St. John's students and raised enough funds through private donations and grants, including $250,000 from the Brown Foundation, to open the school. He called it Chinquapin (pronounced chink-a-pin) after a tree found in East Texas. (The tree produces a burr, which serves as the school's mascot. "Stick 'em, burrs!" is the cheer.) Moore, who retired in 1983, was living in Palestine until his wife died in August. He has moved back to Chinquapin, where he teaches two vocabulary classes, serves as an adviser to the school's newspaper, The Burr, and helps with the gardening. He has just completed a book about Chinquapin.
Since 1975, the year of the first graduating class, 202 students have graduated from Chinquapin. In its early years it was graduating only about six students a year, but now fourteen graduate annually, and the school has set a goal to increase the number to twenty (currently the maximum number of students in each class). Students leave the school for reasons that range from the lack of a social life and the demanding curriculum to disciplinary problems.
Chinquapin students consistently score higher on the Scholastic Aptitude Test than the national average. In the past six years 95 percent of the school's graduates have gone on to college, receiving degrees from such prestigious universities as Stanford, Notre Dame, Rice, Northwestern, Middlebury, Purdue, Smith, and Colorado College.
"Chinquapin taught me the power of believing in myself and my dreams," says 1976 graduate Bruce Manuel. "I learned not to be afraid to go out in the world and claim or earn what was there for anyone who is willing to work for it." Manuel grew up in Houston's Third Ward ghetto and graduated from the highly regarded University of the South, in Sewanee, Tennessee. He is now a lieutenant commander in the Navy.
Chinquapin lies on 32 acres of land that formerly served as a chicken farm. The physical layout of the campus has changed dramatically since I was a student there. Sidewalks have replaced wooden pallets, young trees shade the quadrangle, and buildings have been added and, in some cases, replaced the dilapidated ones I grew up in. There's a new library, administrative hall, and gymnasium, and the classrooms are air-conditioned (Robert Moore did not allow air conditioning because it was too expensive). Teachers live in decent duplex houses.
Another major change has been the addition of girls. Chinquapin was an all-boys school until 1978, when one female student was admitted on a trial basis. Now almost 40 percent of the student body is female. While the boys get to spend Monday through Friday on campus and sleep in dormitories segregated by grade, the girls are bused to the school.
Getting into Chinquapin is a three-step process. Students and their parents must attend a recruiting meeting offered in the spring at various Houston locations. The students then take reading and math tests and are interviewed by faculty members. If they clear those hurdles, they attend a one-week summer session at the school, where they take regular academic courses and are evaluated on how well they handle schoolwork and get along with other students. Chinquapin students must be able to live, eat, study, and play together in a truly integrated community.
Once admitted, the students get one of the best bargains around. Though it costs Chinquapin about $7,000 a year to educate each student, students pay only $30 to $100 a month, depending on their family's income, for the nine-month term. About 85 percent of the students pay the minimum; those who can't pay even that work additional hours of chores. Money to support Chinquapin comes mainly from foundations and private donations. After years of operating on a shoestring (lack of funds almost closed the school one year), it recently completed two fundraising campaigns that raised $3.25 million in capital and boosted its endowment to $4.5 million.
Students may not have to pay much, but they have to give back to the school in other ways. Chinquapin's motto is "Quid Pro Quo," meaning that in return for a quality education, its students must do chores—gardening, cleaning the campus, keeping their living spaces neat—for an hour a day. Through this simple practice they learn to be self-reliant and help the school as well as themselves.
Life at Chinquapin demands discipline. An electronic bell wakes the students at 6:20 a.m., at which time they must hit the track for a couple of laps. After breakfast they hustle to clean their rooms for the 7:45 dorm inspection. Classes run from 8 a.m. to 3:15 p.m., followed by chores, sports (basketball, volleyball, soccer, tennis), a free period, dinner, study hour, and another free period. Lights go out in the dorm at 10:30 (10 for seventh graders). Watching TV is not allowed, and phone calls are limited to three minutes.
The curriculum is traditional: English, history, biology, physics, chemistry, and math, which ranges in high school from algebra to calculus. The students must also take four years of vocabulary-building courses, three years of Spanish, and a senior-year course on environmental issues. Less-traditional programs are offered after classes, when students can play in a band, put on a play, or join a men's or women's discussion group. They can help others by joining the Peer Assistance and Leadership (PAL) program or working on community service projects such as building houses for Habitat for Humanity and cleaning beaches. Chinquapin also offers summer programs that take students to the wilderness of Colorado or to such exotic places as Ghana, China, and Greece.
In an ideal society, there would be.
D. Medina is the senior editor of the alumni magazine and the minority community affairs director at Rice University.


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SyS Creations › Blog › Build App for Suicide Prevention with Advanced Healthcare Features for Clinical Use
Build App for Suicide Prevention with Advanced Healthcare Features for Clinical Use
Quick Summary: Let us make this sensitive topic more heart-breaking to make you understand the actual depth of how severe the problem is!
In 2019, 47,511 people died by suicide in USA alone.
In 2019, there were an estimated 1.38M suicide attempts in USA.
Men died by suicide 3.63X as often as women.
There are daily 130 suicides in the USA.
We have positive news too. 93% of adults think that one can prevent suicide. And they are right. But with the advancement in digitalization and changing lifecycle of people, we have to adopt new ways for preventing suicide.
And with the past evidence, especially evidence we collected during the pandemic time, an app is currently the most accessible, affordable, and workable way to prevent suicide!
In this blog, we will discuss everything you need to know to build a suicide prevention app. We will also share the list of healthcare features that let therapists leverage the app's clinical value to prevent suicide.
How an app can be an effective medium in suicide prevention?
Apps are the fastest way to reach and connect with people, especially the tech-savvy young generation. Suicide prevention app must contain the tools to track and tackle suicidal thoughts, activities that make individuals emotionally strong, access to educational material to improve mental health awareness, ways to instantly connect with support groups, counselors, and therapists.
Suicide prevention app with these tools can be highly effective to prevent suicide.
Here are the few research results that support the above statement.
Fiona L. Shaned first evaluated the effectiveness of self-help apps for suicidal thoughts among the young Indigenous Australians with the 150 participants.
Human service organizations across the United States recognize that app can provide valuable resources for individuals to address social issues, also apps are an important way of reaching the tech-savvy population. Regina T. P Aguirre came up with the development guidelines for suicide prevention apps after carefully studying 27 mobile apps and concluded that it is critical to carefully plan and develop the app and undertake an ongoing evaluation of the app.
Laura Martinengo developed a systematic assessment plan for suicide prevention apps, after recognizing that the mobile apps may help address the unmet need of people at risk.
They assessed adherence of suicide prevention advice in depression management and suicide prevention apps to six evidence-based clinical guideline recommendations
Kennard showed the results from phase one of the treatment development study for suicide prevention. The study used a quantitative method to collect information from the families, teens, and physicians. The result shows that the participants were constructive about the utility of technology with the suicide prevention app but have limitations such as privacy and confidentiality.
However, the number of apps available for suicide prevention is less and many of them don't even provide interaction with experts therapists, counselors, or physicians, and other important tools that are critical for such apps.
How to design and build a suicide prevention app?
Very few suicide prevention apps are designed with the proper strategy to provide suicide prevention advice in depression management, patient behavior monitoring, support for emotional upliftment, and expert counseling. One of them is Stay Alive, which is developed by the United Kingdom-based Grassroots Suicide Prevention group.
Here we will discuss the core problem in the current apps and what are the key components we need to consider while app development.
People who are suffering from depression, stress, and other similar issues are more likely to attempt suicide due to the emotional breakdown. In this situation, if they have the full mindset to attempt suicide, are they really going to call for help?
Here, we need to track the user's suicidal thoughts and create an action plan for the same.
Even if they call for help, what if they kept on hold and didn't receive any help on time? It will make the situation even worse.
In such a case it's critical to instantly connect the help seeker with a counselor and make them feel secure and precious, and making them realize there are people to care for them.
Everyone has a different problem, and the advice that works for one may not be suitable for others. So we need to present a more personalized experience that targets individual and help them to relieve the frustrating things they faced in the past.
Once you successfully eliminate the suicidal thought from personal at the critical movement, it is still unclear whether they will get support afterward. Without continuous therapy, the suicidal will come back at any time.
Key components: What we can change?
The following components will help you to draw perfect features for a Suicide prevention app:
Identify the root cause of suicidal thoughts and things that are fueling it. Create each user profile containing his personal information and the problem he is facing(mental illness, financial issues, relationship problem, and more), the therapy he needed and a list of expert counselors he can connect with.
Educational material, audio, videos, designed for individual users.
Group and solo activities to engage the person indoor and outdoor.
Safety plan to combat any suicide attempt.
Behavior tracking feature with trigger identifier.
Connect to the community(friends), counselor, and therapist option.
Storage and share option to keep photos, audio, and videos.
Emergency connect button
Trusted contact list
Long-term follow-up
These features may vary depending on the types of users you are approaching.
What can you add in future?
Smart chatbots are capable of providing personalized responses by gathering your profile information and tracking activities.
What is the process of building an app?
The top-rated apps for suicide prevention app with features
Following is a list of top-rated suicide prevention app with the features they provide, it will help you to get a clear idea about the app design and functionalities.
Virtual Hope Box
When the user feels low VBH helps them to bring out good memories by reminding them of their future goals, loved ones, a bucket list of experience, and more.
Tools to help patients with coping, relaxation, distraction, and positive thinking.
Personalize the VHB content on the patient's own smartphone according to the patient's specific needs.
Content storage option for audio, video, and photos.
Collaboration option to connect with providers.
Positive activity planning, distraction tools, and interactive relaxation exercises including guided imagery, controlled breathing, and muscle relaxation
The app is designed for teenagers struggling for instant help. The red button in the app can be activated to let close friends, family, and support networks connect instantly.
Peer Support via your Trusted Contacts
Simple message to take the guesswork out of asking for help
Immediate help with notOK's one-tap solution
Accurate GPS location
Trusted contacts are NOT required to download app
Mental Health Resources at your fingertips
If no Trusted Contacts are available, the user has the option of connecting to a local warmline
SAMHSA- Suicide Safe
The app works as a suicide prevention and learning tool for primary care and behavioral health providers. It is designed according to the nationally recognized Suicide Assessment Five-step Evaluation and Triage (SAFE-T) practice guidelines.
Learn the five steps of the SAFE-T approach in working with patients and easily download resources for use offline.
Study interactive sample case studies
Sample language and tips for talking with patients about their suicidal ideation.
Clinical and educational resources and share crisis line phone numbers and other patient-focused materials.
Use SAMHSA's Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator to provide timely referrals for patients.
Hope you get enough about the Suicide prevention app and the advanced healthcare features critical to building an effective application.
If you are looking to build a suicide prevention application with advanced features we are here to help you. We're a healthcare-focused IT company, having expertise in healthcare software development, designing, analysis, and consultation services.
We believe in empowering healthcare organizations, startups, and the people connected with them through innovative solutions.
Click here, to find more about us!
1. How an app can be an effective medium in suicide prevention?
2. How to design and build a suicide prevention app?
3. The top-rated app for suicide prevention app with features
4. Wrapping up
Our Thoughts and Opinions
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Roy H. W. Johnston (11 November 1929 – 13 December 2019) was an Irish theoretical physicist and republican political activist. He was a Marxist who as a member of the IRA in the 1960s argued for a National Liberation Strategy to unite the Catholic and Protestant working classes. He wrote extensively for such newspapers as The United Irishman and The Irish Times.

Biography

His father was Joseph Johnston, a farmer, economist and historian, a fellow of Trinity College Dublin and a member of the Seanad Éireann on several occasions between 1938 and 1954. Joe Johnston was a Home Rule supporter who hailed from a small farming Ulster-Scots Presbyterian background in Tyrone.

Roy Johnston was born in Dublin in 1929. He was educated at St Columba's College, Rathfarnham, and at Trinity College Dublin (TCD).  At TCD he got a BA in experimental science and mathematics 1951, and did research in theoretical physics, getting his PhD under supervision of Cormac Ó Ceallaigh in 1955.  His PhD was called "A study of the unstable particles occurring in the cosmic radiation".

He worked in Aer Lingus as a systems analyst during the 60s and in the 1970s was head of the Applied Research Consultancy Group in Trinity College Dublin's statistics programme.  He made an oral presentation to the New Ireland Forum in 1984. He also wrote a bi-monthly science column for the Irish Times.

Political activities
Johnston was affiliated with various progressive and left-wing organisations throughout his life. As a student in Trinity he was associated with a Marxist group, the Promethean Society, which in 1948 was part of the formation of the Irish Workers' League, eventually becoming the Communist Party of Ireland.

He moved to England and joined the Connolly Association, also being part of the Communist Party of Great Britain, returned to Ireland in 1963, and, at the invitation of Cathal Goulding, involved himself with the Wolfe Tone Society in Dublin. He joined Sinn Féin and the IRA where he became its Director of Education sitting on the Army Executive.

He contributed many articles to its newspaper the United Irishman. He was a supporter of the republican movement's move to the left with Goulding and Tomás Mac Giolla, which subsequently led to a split with the Provisionals, remaining as a member of the Official IRA after the split.

However, he left in 1972 after the assassination of Northern Ireland Senator John Barnhill and joined the Communist Party of Ireland, from which he was expelled in 1977. He was subsequently a member of the Labour Party, serving on their International Affairs Committee, and was a member of the Green Party at the time of his death.

Death
Johnston died on 13 December 2019, aged 90, at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin.

Publications
Roy H. W. Johnston, Century of Endeavour: A Biographical and Autobiographical View of the Twentieth Century in Ireland (Carlow: Tyndall Publications, in association with Lilliput Press, Dublin, 2006).
 Century of Endeavour - Senator James G Douglas short biography of James G. Douglas, 1999.
 A study of the unstable particles occurring in the cosmic radiation PhD Thesis

References

External links
Science, Technology and the Nation - Some current, recent and earlier publications by Dr Roy H W Johnston - website.

1929 births
2019 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Irish Marxists
Irish people of Ulster-Scottish descent
Irish physicists
Irish Presbyterians
Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) members
Irish republicans
Official Irish Republican Army members
People educated at St Columba's College, Dublin
Protestant Irish nationalists
Theoretical physicists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Zaleś – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie mazowieckim, w powiecie siedleckim, w gminie Korczew.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość należała administracyjnie do województwa siedleckiego.

Zobacz też
 Zaleś

Przypisy

Korczew (gmina)


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HomeHealthOP-ED: The case of Ethiopia
OP-ED: The case of Ethiopia
Photo: BIGSTOCK
(dhakatribune)–When it comes to pandemic management, how has Bangladesh performed relative to the East African nation?
The outbreak of the virus which began in Wuhan, China in late December last year has taken over the world. The first case of coronavirus in Bangladesh was reported on March 8 this year and has mushroomed since, causing a public health emergency all over the country and imposing a countrywide lockdown leads to complete economic shutdown.
In the same timeline, Ethiopia, an East African country with approximately the same public health and health management infrastructure, reported its first case of coronavirus on March 22. Immediately after the first confirmed case of Covid-19 in Ethiopia in March 2020, the government of Ethiopia took several public health measures to prevent increased levels of infection.
These included closing all schools and restricting large gatherings and movement of people. Hand-washing and social distancing were the main prevention measures that the government communicated to the general public through various media platforms. But Bangladesh continues to lag behind if in these aspects.
Testing, tracing, and distribution
The Ethiopian government's rapid initial response was crucial. It introduced strict passenger-screening protocols at Addis Ababa's International Airport. The Ministry of Health, local, and regional governments jointly conducted house health screenings of more than 11 million households containing 40 million people in the capital and provinces.
Diagnostic testing was scaled up from zero in early March to over 5,000 tests per day by May, though it continues to be a major challenge and the results so far are salutary.
The Ethiopian authorities have implemented a strict regime of rigorous contact tracing, isolation, compulsory quarantine, and treatment, converting public university dormitories to increase the capacity of quarantine centres to over 50,000 beds. They established additional isolation centres with a total of 15,000 beds, and set up treatment centres with a 5,000-bed capacity.
Meanwhile, Bangladesh is sharply falling behind on testing measures. The nation of 165 million people has conducted less than 1 million (918,272) samples, with a 19.43% infection rate, since the first case of infection was detected in the country on March 8. Furthermore, the government has imposed charges for coronavirus sample testing. Meanwhile, positive cases of Covid-19 and the death toll are on the rise.
The Ethiopian government encouraged production and other economic activities to continue during the crisis. The Ethiopian government understood that country's success in combating Covid-19 would depend on the public health measures taken to contain the virus's spread.
So, to prevent serious damage to the country's economy, safeguard and prevent job losses, and ensure firms' survival, it has encouraged production and other economic activities to continue during the crisis, thus considerably easing the pressure on vulnerable social groups and the informal sector.
The global health crisis caused by Covid-19 has hit Bangladesh's economy hard. Lockdowns are having a crippling effect on workers and businesses across the country. The economy has almost come to a standstill, and the debilitating effects are being observed in almost all sectors.
The government has already announced financial incentives for countering the impacts of Covid-19 and is also executing various social safety measures, but its success heavily depended on many external variables, whereas the Ethiopian government has been constrained by dwindling revenues and the need to reallocate budget expenditures to contain the pandemic.
Lessons to learn
The Bangladesh governments must recognize that they are facing not only a public health emergency but also a multi-dimensional crisis with long-term implications. Standard policy prescriptions, therefore, will not work.
The Ethiopian government has relied heavily on community mobilization and public awareness campaigns which have proved to be effective and cost-efficient. It has also relied on the country's prevention-based primary public health care infrastructure and the health extension system that was built up during the last two decades.
Bangladesh can also utilize its existing community-based health care system and implement innovative policies to overcome.
First, constitutional adherence, then reform will prevent Ethiopia's fragmentation
Ethiopia defence minister replaced after criticising Abiy


The Easy Foiler boards are uniquely and specifically built for foiling with inserts for foot straps. With sizes ranging from 6'0 to 8'0, Blue Planet's Easy Foiler boards will maximize lift and let you catch and ride waves easily. Length and swing weight of the boards have been kept to a minimum for increased control.


Does it run rich/lean or perfect?
Our annual "Tulppiosafari" was last weekend and it was as always, pure fun! Nearly 370 kilometers and three days with friends.
This year´s lineup was amazing, especially Ski-Doo Mach Z was totally cool! That sled was totally restored, even every bolt and etc. was yellow passivated.
My Exciter had minor problems, the pull starter exploded on the second day and had to rely on 440 XCR. Until that incident, Exciter did very well and was pleasure to drive.


The Crop Circles people talks about are those unexpected designs that are imprinted (usually overnight) in fields of mostly wheat and corn. they occur in crops during the spring and summer seasons through various regions of the world.
but by accidence, I found them so attractive when put them together.


The New York Times recently published an article about one of Norway's maximum security prisons, Halden Fengsel – i.e. the "world's most humane" prison. The article doesn't seem real. Flowers, barley, open fields, live cows. Since 1998, Norway's sentencing has focused on rehabilitation. This particular prison model – one that is designed from its inception for rehabilitation – was the first of its kind in Norway. Even I, with my bright-eyed naiveté and mid-20s progressive agenda can't help – just for a moment – think that the stars just aligned for Norway. Maybe things are just different in Norway?
The reality is that's just not the case. Magic justice dust was not sprinkled on Norway. Similarly, America is not too heterogenous or too populated or too developed (and therefore crime-ridden). It is simply is too broken.
Make no mistake, Norway still faces serious crimes. Extremist Anders Behring Breivik set off a bomb that killed eight people and systemically hunted down and shot sixty nine others, many teenagers at a summer camp for the Labor Party. He was sentenced to the maximum 21 years in prison.
Compare Breivik's story to that of Kalief Browder. The New Yorker followed Browder's story to its tragic end. Mr. Browder was arrested ten days before his 17th birthday for allegedly stealing a backpack. Since he was unable to pay bail, he spent the next three years at Rikers Island in New York awaiting trial. The trial never happened and he was released after the government dismissed the case. During those three years, he spent two in solitary confinement. In 2015, only 22 years old, Kalief Browder committed suicide in his parents home.
Mr. Browder's story is not an anomaly. The extent to which this happens, the number of people to which it happens, its disproportionate racial impact on black Americans, and its disproportionate economic impact on the poor is unique to the United States. I'm not telling you anything you probably don't already know. With all of the publicity, change in America's prison infrastructure has seemed imminent for years, but something seems to be holding back the floodgates.
Policy questions regarding prison reform often focus, first, on money, and then, on balancing rehabilitation and punishment. However, even before issues of punishment and rehabilitation, there are fundamental hurdles to overcome: what do human beings deserve from the State? Do prisoners qualify for these entitlements? Do prisoners deserve something less? If so, what? There are of, course, some nuances that warrant consideration depending on the nature of the crime, but let's start with the basics.
What is the bare minimum that a human being is entitled to by the State?
The second question is more complicated, but easier to answer. We'll start there. The caveat with this question is that it requires us to think about we need, regardless of whether we commit a criminal act. Barring protecting the safety of others or the safety of ourselves, no matter what we do, what resources should we be entitled to as human beings?
Ethical theorists have been ruminating over what human beings need – not what we want, but what we need. What is the bare minimum that a human being is entitled to? In its contemporary iterations (and the ones I'd like to apply to prison reform in this post), this conversation has centered around international development. Two theorists who have changed the face of this field are Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen with their separate works on the "capabilities approach." To simplify, they have both argued that human beings are entitled to certain "capabilities" or "functionings." A person is entitled to more than just food, water, and shelter but also an environment that enables productivity, creativity, and – dare I say it – happiness.
Their work was revolutionary, not just because it increased international pressure for aid and nation-state funded welfare but because it redefined human dignity. People deserve to be happy. It is a matter of human dignity.
The capabilities approach is only one of many frameworks that may be applicable to prison reform efforts. It certainly resolves some of the inhumane practices present in American prisons. However, jumping to considerations of rehabilitation/punishment without first addressing the bare minimum that each prisoner is entitled to may result – and I would argue, has resulted – in an inefficient use of resources and slow, scattered policymaking. Though not a fixture, this concept isn't foreign to the American criminal justice and prison system. Correctional facilities have culinary programs, professional certifications, and arts programs. However, these programs rely heavily on outside funding and volunteers; they are often not a part of prison infrastructure.
Next, once a person does something criminal, does that diminish that person's status as a human being? First thing's first: If committing a criminal act does diminish a person's status as a human being, then perhaps it doesn't matter what resources you give it or how you treat it. Perhaps it doesn't matter that male prison guards watched female inmates while they showered, a 17-year old boy hung himself with a blanket in solitary confinement, or mentally ill inmates were so brutally abused that one was kept in solitary confinement for 2491 consecutive days and another left in his own feces and vomit until he died of a heart attack.
Of course, each of these stories is deeply unsettling. They can only be written off as a case of mishandling by someone else (much less ethical, much less competent than any of us would ever be) so many times until we must confront the uncomfortable reality that our world – one that we cannot disclaim responsibility for (try as we might) – doesn't treat human beings as such. Status as "criminal" and "human being" though perhaps not mutually exclusive are certainly at odds to some degree, enough that the stories I've mentioned above are not a mere handful.
Though there are nuances of sentencing and resource allocation to be handled in policy meetings, thoughtful prison reform will remain a distant goal until uncomfortable confrontations are made. Confrontations about how how our courts and our prisons treat people who commit crimes in terms of (1) their status as human beings and (2) what capabilities and/or resources those individuals are entitled to.
The importance of these preliminary issues is paramount. The consistent to failure to confront them has left a broken prison system that has harmed our friends, families, and communities. Behind the cages of America's prisons are human beings just like you and me. People who are entitled to our respect and, indeed, their own happiness.


This is the first book in Maggie Robinson's new steamy historical romance. I loved her Courtesan Court books and this new series looks just as delicious :-) The hero was adorable and the heroine was so real, nagging and thorny, just the way we do feel/act at times ;-p lol My review will be posted in 2 weeks, when Maggie will stop by to tell you about this new series of hers.
Another Entangled release, which seduced me with is promising marriage of convenience trope (which is one of my favourite ones), and though a nice read I wanted more. My review will be posted soon.
Cinderella has been my favourite fairy tale ever since I was a little girl , and to this day I just LOVE all those Pgymalion, My Fair Lady, ugly-duckling-transforms-into-beautiful-swan kind of stories, so I was hooked right from the start when I glimpsed the title and then when I read the blurb I got even more excited. I want to read this NOW!


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You Are Here: Home » Copyright
Category Archives: Copyright
Copyright Office Releases Report on Sovereign Immunity in Copyright Infringement Cases
by Sabrina I. Pacifici on Aug 31, 2021
"August 31, 2021 the U.S. Copyright Office released a report entitled Copyright and State Sovereign Immunity. The report marks the completion of a study conducted by the Office in response to an April 2020 request by Senators Thom Tillis and Patrick Leahy following the Supreme Court's decision in Allen v. Cooper. In that case, the… Continue Reading
Subjects: Congress, Copyright, Government Documents, Legal Research, Libraries
The voices of women in tech are still being erased
by Sabrina I. Pacifici on Aug 4, 2021
MIT Technology Review: "TikTok's decision to use a woman's voice without her permission is only one recent example of a problem that some mistakenly think we've moved past… When we think of women in computing, we often think about how, both literally and figuratively, they have been silenced more often than they've been listened to.… Continue Reading
Subjects: Civil Liberties, Copyright, Internet, Legal Research
How Academic Pirate Alexandra Elbakyan Is Fighting Scientific Misinformation
by Sabrina I. Pacifici on Jun 9, 2021
Vice: "In the decade since Alexandra Elbakyan founded Sci-Hub, science's so-called "pirate queen" has amassed more than 85 million full-text research articles, which she's made available, for free, to anyone who can track down her custom search engine. Sci-Hub uses myriad techniques, including shared passwords and bugs on publisher websites, to rip copyrighted papers, and… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, E-Records, Internet, Knowledge Management, Legal Research, Libraries
If Not Overturned, a Bad Copyright Decision Will Lead Many Americans to Lose Internet Access
EFF : "In going after internet service providers (ISPs) for the actions of just a few of their users, Sony Music, other major record labels, and music publishing companies have found a way to cut people off of the internet based on mere accusations of copyright infringement. When these music companies sued Cox Communications, an… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, Internet, Libraries
How copyright filters lead to wage-theft
by Sabrina I. Pacifici on May 11, 2021
Pluralistic: Daily links from Cory Doctorow – "…content ID was created to mollify the entertainment industry after Google acquired Youtube. Google would spend $100m on filtering tech that would allow rightsholders to go beyond the simple "takedown" permitted by law, and instead share in revenues from creative uses. But it's easy to see how this… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, Economy, Internet, Legal Research
Google v. Oracle: Supreme Court Rules for Google in Landmark Software Copyright Case
CRS Legal Sidebar – Google v. Oracle: Supreme Court Rules for Google in Landmark Software Copyright Case, May 10, 2021: "On April 5, 2021,the Supreme Court issued its highly anticipated decision in Google LLC v. Oracle America Inc., the culmination of a decade-long software copyright dispute between the two tech giants. Resolving what observers have… Continue Reading
Subjects: Congress, Copyright, Courts, Government Documents, Legal Research
Copyright Law of the United States (Title 17) and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code
"This week, the Copyright Office posted an updated edition of Circular 92, our publication that contains Title 17 and related laws. This new edition adds copyright legislation enacted since the last printed edition (June 2020) — specifically the new section 2319C to Title 18 regarding criminal penalties for copyright infringement, and a new chapter 15… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, Government Documents, Legal Research, Legislation, Libraries
College student sues Proctorio after source code copyright claim
by Sabrina I. Pacifici on May 5, 2021
The Verge – Lawyers claim Erik Johnson made fair use of Proctorio's software code in a critical Twitter thread: "The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) has filed a lawsuit against the remote testing company Proctorio on behalf of Miami University student Erik Johnson. The lawsuit is intended to "quash a campaign of harassment designed to undermine… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, Education, Legal Research, Social Media
Why Informal Information Sharing is Holding Your Organization Back
by Sabrina I. Pacifici on Apr 25, 2021
Via LLRX – Why Informal Information Sharing is Holding Your Organization Back – This article by Mary Ellen Bates is an excerpt from her recent presentation "The Strategic Value of Copyright Licensing Solutions," to which she also provides a video link. Bates discusses ways published information is being used throughout organizations that you may not have… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, Knowledge Management, Legal Research, Libraries
Non-Fungible Tokens Force a Copyright Reckoning
IP Watchdog: "NFTs may actually mark the new era in online content; an era where we eventually see every digital copy tagged with a serial number to trace and prosecute counterfeiting….From the advent of the internet, digital commodities and technologies have ceaselessly presented new hurdles for intellectual property (IP) owners and protectors. The cycle of… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, Economy, Financial System, Legal Research
Law and Authors: A Legal Handbook for Writers (Introduction)
by Sabrina I. Pacifici on Apr 6, 2021
Lipton, Jacqueline Deborah, Law and Authors: A Legal Handbook for Writers (Introduction) (February 24, 2021). In Law and Authors: A Legal Handbook for Writers, Jacqueline D. Lipton, University of California Press, 2020, U. of Pittsburgh Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2021-06, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3792186 "Drawing on a wealth of experience in legal scholarship and… Continue Reading
Subjects: Copyright, Education, Intellectual Property, Knowledge Management, Legal Research
Copyright bots powered by a 1998 law threaten the public's right to know
The Hill – "…Copyright bots are automated programs that search digital content to identify copyright infringements. Google's Content ID for YouTube is a prominent example. According to a Google publication, 98 percent of YouTube's copyright issues were handled through the automated Content ID system in 2018. When a user uploads a video to YouTube, Content… Continue Reading
Subjects: AI, Copyright, Internet, Legal Research, Search Engines


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Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Jute/PLA Composites Containing Nano SiO2 Modified By Coupling Agents
Xueyang Song, Cuicui Fang, Yuanyuan Li, Ping Wang, Yan Zhang
published 23 Nov, 2021
Read the published version in Cellulose →
Although jute fibers-reinforced PLA composites shows strong application prospects, their low mechanical properties limit their applications to some extent. In this paper, nano-SiO2 particles as well as modified nano SiO2 by coupling agents which can efficiently improve the strength and toughness of composite materials are introduced into the PLA matrix. The bending, stretching and thermal properties of designed jute/PLA nonwoven composites were studied. The study shows that the nano-SiO2 particles are beneficial to the interface performance between the PLA matrix and jute leading to improvement in the mechanical property and thermal stability. Moreover, thermomechanical properties indicate that the addition of SiO2 can improve the jute/PLA interfacial adhesion and increase the glass transition temperature of the material. Finally, toughening mechanism of nano-SiO2 particles in the jute/PLA composite was analyzed.
laminating composite materials
Jute non-woven
nano-SiO2
In recent years, thermoplastic composites are increasingly applied in the high-performance engineering field due to their low density, good recyclability, and high production efficiency (Faruk et al. 2012). However, environmental compatibility of these materials is still a huge challenge. In this case, fully biodegradable green composite materials provide a feasible solution. To prepare a completely biodegradable composite material, natural fiber is a desirable reinforcing material and natural polymer can be selected as matrix material, such as jute/polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials. PLA, a polymer material, is produced from renewable agricultural raw materials. It has tremendous advantages such as high strength, high hardness, transparency and industrial production, and is one of the most promising biodegradable polymers (Qu et al. 2015). Among all biodegradable reinforced fibers, jute fiber has low cost, biodegradability and excellent mechanical property, which has made it as one of the most widely used natural plant fibers in the research of green bio-based composites (Dong et al. 2014). There are wide possible applications for jute/PLA composite, and a lot of research have been proposed to investigate its mechanical properties (Bax and Mussig 2008; Mohammed et al. 2019; Nishino et al. 2003; Pan et al. 2007). However, PLA resin matrix lacks chemical bonds and functional groups that react with jute. Therefore, the interface compatibility between jute fiber and PLA is poor, leading to a poor mechanical property of final composite. (Balla et al. 2019; Costa et al. 2012; He et al. 2019; Hossen et al. 2020; Pereira et al. 2019). At present, some physical and chemical methods have been proposed, including fiber treatment technologies such as acylation, alkali treatment, etherification and isocyanate treatment, as well as the use of coupling agents to improve the interfacial bonding properties of jute/PLA composites (Dong et al. 2020; Fang et al. 2020; Huda et al. 2007; Kumar et al. 2010; Kakroodi et al. 2012). Nano particle is also a feasible option to toughen the polymer matrix and improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites.
In recent years, nano particles have been extensively applied to prepared composites, which has significantly improved the mechanical properties of composites materials (Gauvin et al. 2015; Jumahat et al. 2012; Jumahat et al. 2010). Among the nanoparticles used as reinforcing materials, many researchers chose doping nano-silica (nano-SiO2) to improve the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composite materials (Jumahat et al. 2015; Jumahat et al. 2012; Jumahat et al. 2010). Luo et al. (2018) used technology-resin film infusion (RFI) technology to prepare nano-SiO2 modified carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. When the content of nano-SiO2 is 4 wt%, the toughening and strengthening effect is the best. The tensile strength and flexural strength increased to 595.69 and 703.76 MPa, respectively, which were 86.30% and 126.98% higher than the tensile strength and flexural strength of intact sample without SiO2. Hashim et al. (2019) studied the effect of SiO2 nanoparticles as a reinforcing filler on the tensile response of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites. It was found that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles showed significant improvement in tensile modulus with 6%, 14% and 19% for 5 wt%, 15 wt% and 25 wt% nano-SiO2 content, respectively. Reddy et al. (2010) used traditional melt blending technology to prepare low nanoparticle loaded polymer composites with improved mechanical properties. The results of tensile tests indicate that the addition of SiO2-g-DGEBA particles to the polymer matrix led to an increase of both elastic modulus and toughness (from 0.36 to 0.54 GPa, and 19.06 to 21.05 MJ/m3, respectively). Filling nano-SiO2 into thermoplastic matrix can combine the rigidity of nano-SiO2 with the toughness of thermoplastic matrix, which makes ultimate composite have comprehensive mechanical performance (Hashim et al. 2019; Luo et al. 2018; Park et al. 2020).
In this study, nano-SiO2 particles were adopted and dispersed into the PLA matrix aiming to improve the mechanical property of jute/PLA composite. Moreover, considering the dispersibility, the nano-SiO2 was first modified with different silane coupling agents, then combined into PLA-based composite films and finally incorporated in final laminated composites. This use of sandwich-like lamination structure layer can mix PLA and jute as evenly as possible. Therefore, the effect of silane coupling agents on the mechanical property of as-prepared composites via hot-pressing technology was comprehensively analyzed.
PLA (4032D; 1.24 g/cm3) was supplied by Nature Works, USA; Jute fibers (1.45 g/cm3) was purchased from Shandong Jiangke Linyi Co., Ltd; Nano silica (SiO2, 99.5%, 50 ± 5 nm) was provided by Suzhou Great Medical Technology Co., Ltd; Silane coupling agent (KH550, KH560, KH570) chemicals were provided by Jiangsu Argon Krypton Xenon Material Technology Co., Ltd. KH550 (NH2CH2CH2CH2Si(OC2H5)3) belongs to aminosilane, KH560 (CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3) belongs to epoxy silane, KH570 (CH3CCH2COO(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3) belongs to formaldehyde acryloyloxy functional group silane.
Preparation of modified SiO2
The absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water were first mixed with a mass ratio of 9:1, and 5 g of SiO2 was added into 100 mL of mixture. The SiO2 solution was then sonicated in an ultrasonic cleaner for 1 h. The coupling agent, e.g. KH550, with a volume of 5% of the mixture was prepared and adjusted to the pH of 4 with oxalic acid. The above mixed solutions were magnetically stirred for 3 h at 60 ℃ for reaction. Finally, it was centrifuged (model: TG16G) and then washed with absolute ethanol solution for 3 times. The obtained precipitate was dried in an oven at 60 ℃ for 4 h to obtain modified SiO2 powders, named as KH550-SiO2, KH560-SiO2 and KH570-SiO2 respectively. The scheme of preparation process of modified SiO2 is illustrated in Fig. 1.
Preparation of composite SiO2-PLA films
3 g of PLA raw material was dissolved it in dichloromethane, stirred magnetically (model: DF-101S) for 1.5 h at room temperature; different mass fractions of modified SiO2 (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt% and 8 wt%) were mixed into dichloromethane and ultrasonicated (model: VGT-1730QT) for 40 min. These two solutions were mixed and magnetically stirred for 2 h, followed by ultrasonication for 1 h at 35 ℃. Then, the solution was poured into a glass plate and placed in a fume hood at room temperature to make the methylene chloride solvent completely volatilize. Finally, the composite SiO2-PLA film was peeled from the mold and placed in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 45 ℃ for 3 h, as shown in Fig. 2.
Preparation of jute non-woven
The preparation process of jute non-woven is shown in Fig. 3. The aspect ratio of jute fiber is about 314:1. First, the fluffy jute fibers was combed, opened and mixed through a coarse-garge carding machine (model: SSL-II) to make the fibers looser and more uniform. Then the loose jute fibers were sent to the blender for further fine opening. The fine opening and carding process make the jute fibers finally become a fluffy and uniform fiber web. The fiber web obtained by cross-netting has higher quality. In order to obtain a certain strength of non-woven fabrics, the four-layer jute net were finally reinforced with a needle punch (model: CSZC). The final thickness of the jute nonwoven is 0.51 ± 0.04 mm, and the surface density is 200 ± 2 g/m2.
Preparation of composite material
To remove all moisture, SiO2-PLA films and jute nonwoven were first dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 6 h before hot pressing. The laminated composite material was processed through a compression mold using a film stacking method, in which two jute pads were arranged between three PLA films in parallel, as demonstrated in Fig. 4. The entire assembly was then placed in a steel mold controlled under different time and temperature. The laminated material is compacted for 0.5 h under the conditions of a temperature of 180 ℃ and a pressure of 1 MPa, and then is naturally cooled in the vulcanization machine(model: HG-3621) for 8 h. After 8 h, the sample was taken out of the laminating mold, and the width and length were 150 mm×150 mm and the thickness was 2 mm, and the mass ratio of PLA to jute was 10:3. The samples are numbered according to the type of coupling agent and concentration. For example, 550 − 0.5, in which 550 represents the silane coupling agent of KH550, the sample untreated with the coupling agent is directly represented by SiO2, and 0.5 represents 0.5 wt% of the modified SiO2 mass fraction in SiO2-PLA film.
Characterization of jute / PLA composites
In order to study that effect of different silicon dioxide on the mechanical properties of jute/PLA composite, the SiO2 modified by silane coupling agent was characterized by infrared transmission spectroscopy (5700, Nicli Instruments, USA) and particle size analyzer (LS-909). At the same time, the mechanics of composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (TM3030, Hitachi, Japan), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (SDTQ800, V21.3, Build 96, USA) and related mechanical testing methods (Instron 336, USA).
Results And Discussions
The composition and physical property of modified SiO2
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) can be used to verify the graft polymerization of silane coupling agents on SBR surface. Figure 5 shows the infrared spectra of KH550, KH560 and KH570 as well as corresponding silane coupling agent grafted SiO2. It can be seen from Fig. 5 (b) that the infrared spectrum of the SiO2 before and after modification has a large absorption peak near 1100 cm− 1, which is the antisymmetric absorption peak of Si-O-Si bond, and near 800 cm− 1 is the symmetrical contraction vibration of the Si-O-Si bond. The infrared spectrum of KH550-SiO2 is relatively flat compared to others in the range of 3500 − 3100 cm− 1, indicating that -NH2 in KH550 has been successfully grafted and modified on the surface of nano-SiO2. In Fig. 5 (a), KH550 shows characteristic peaks of -CH2- at 2940 cm− 1 and 1640 cm− 1, while KH550-SiO2 also has a shoulder peak at 2940 cm− 1 and 1460 cm− 1, which further indicates that KH550 has successfully modified nano-SiO2. Compared with FTIR spectrum of SiO2, in the spectrum modified by KH560-SiO2, the stretching vibration absorption peak of methyl appears near 2987 cm− 1 which is related to characteristic methyl peak of KH560, indicating that KH560 silane coupling agent has been successfully grafted to the second Si-O surface (He et al. 2019). In the infrared spectrum of KH570 and KH570-SiO2, there is a C = O stretching vibration absorption peak on the carbonyl group at 1718 cm− 1, which indicates that KH570 has been successfully grafted onto nano-SiO2.
The particle size of original and modified SiO2 is shown in Table 1. The surface morphology of original and modified SiO2 is shown in Fig. 6. Nano-SiO2 has a small particle size, a large specific surface area. Due to the large specific surface area, the powder is easy to agglomerate together, so that the total surface area is reduced, and the total energy is reduced. It can be clearly seen that the unmodified particles are larger than modified particles, and KH560 has the best modification effect on SiO2 particles. Unmodified nano-SiO2 has a relatively high polydispersity index (PDI) and the particle size, particle size, and unevenness appeared and severe aggregation. The particle size and PDI of the modified nano-SiO2 powder are reduced, indicating that the nano-SiO2 modified by the silane coupling agent can effectively prevent its agglomeration and achieve the modification purpose. On the one hand, the hydroxyl groups on the particle surfaces are replaced by organic functional groups, reducing the number of active silanol groups, thereby reducing the tendency of nanoparticles to agglomerate. On the other hand, the grafted long carbon chain increases the distance between particles and the steric hindrance of the hydroxysilyl polycondensation reaction on the particle surface, which increases the difficulty of effective collisions and more conducive to the dispersion of nanoparticles.
The spectification of prepared nano SiO2
Z-Average
Peak Size
Peak Intensity
KH550-SiO2
Bending property
The experiment was repeated at least 5 times for each sample. Figure 7 (a) and (b) shows the bending strength and modulus of pure jute/PLA fibers composites involving SiO2 and modified SiO2 nanoparticles with different mass fractions. It can be seen that the bending modulus of jute/PLA fibers composites is relatively low. With incorporation of SiO2, the bending strength and modulus of the composites is more or less improved. Compared with pure jute/PLA composite material, there is no significant improvement in the bending performance of the sample SiO2-4. However, after adding the nano-SiO2 particles modified by the coupling agents, the bending strength and modulus of 550-4 increased to 29.95 MPa and 1.25 GPa respectively, which were 149.5% and 76.8% higher than those of the jute/PLA composite, and increased by 137.4% and 72.0% compared with the unmodified SiO2 jute/PLA composite. The bending strength and modulus of 560-4 were increased to 36 MPa and 2.17 GPa respectively, and the bending strength and modulus of 570-4 were 34 MPa and 2.01 GPa. Compared with the jute/PLA fibers composites, the bending strength of 560 − 0.5, 560-1, 560-2, 560-4 and 560-8 composites increased by 2.8%, 96.6%, 74.7%, 74.2% and 68.3% respectively. It is also found from Fig. 7 (a) and (b) that as the mass fraction of different types of added SiO2 increases, the change trend of material bending strength and modulus is basically same.
The similar phenomena can be also observed in the bending strain and bending break work of jute/PLA composites. The bending break work was calculated by integrating the tensile stress–strain curves. As shown in Fig. 7 (b), the increase of SiO2 improves the bending strain and bending break work of jute/PLA composites.
In short, the bending performance of the sample increases with the increase of the SiO2 mass fraction, peaks at about 1wt%, and then decreases. That is, under the same mass fraction, SiO2 treated with different silane coupling agents has the same effect on the jute/PLA composite. The SiO2 sample modified with KH560 has the best bending strength and modulus. It is mainly due to the fact that realize the interface combination through the coupling agent, forming a better entirety, and then strengthening the effect of stress transmission(Yang et al. 2009; Sanivada et al. 2020; Fang et al. 2020; Li et al. 2013). Sample 560-1 has best bending performance resulting from the excellent dispersibility and uniform particle size as illustrated in Table 1.
The fracture morphology
In order to illustrate the toughening mechanism, the fracture morphology of the reinforced PLA-based composite after the tensile test is shown in Fig. 8. The tensile fracture surface of the jute/PLA composite, illustrated in Fig. 8 (a), shows large amounts of fiber extraction leading to a lower mechanical resistance to some extent. This is consistent with comparatively large elongation ratio of the composite material which also indicates a poor interfacial cohesiveness. Figure 8 (b) shows the SiO2 particles modified by KH560 are evenly distributed in PLA matrix. At this time, delamination occurs in the tensile section, and the bending strength is reduced. With the increase of SiO2, there are more holes appeared which are prone to cause fracture. Nano-SiO2 particles induce local plastic deformation of the PLA matrix, showing a rougher fracture surface. And as the stress concentration point, SiO2 particles produce a large number of small cracks, and has a small amount of fibers extraction, as shown in the Fig. 8 (d). There are a large number of cracks and fiber extraction at the break of sample 560-4. Therefore, sample 560-4 consumes a lot of energy when it breaks. Due to the poor dispersibility of SiO2, the modified SiO2 re-aggregated at 8% by mass fraction. As the mass fraction of SiO2 increases, there are more contact points between SiO2 and jute, which reduces the adhesion between jute and PLA, and the mechanical properties dropped rapidly, as shown in Fig. 8 (f).
Stretching property
The tensile property of the jute/PLA composite and the nano-SiO2 jute/PLA composites is shown in Fig. 9. The tensile strength of 560 − 0.5 increased from 1.47 MPa in the jute/PLA composites to 11.03 MPa. The elastic modulus of 560 − 0.5 is as high as 2.01 GPa, which is 614.2% higher than the 0.28 GPa of the jute/PLA composites. The tensile strength of 560-1 is 8 MPa and the elastic modulus of 560-1 is 0.81 GPa. The tensile strength of 560-2 is 7.59 MPa and the elastic modulus is 2.32 GPa. The tensile strength of 560-4 is 11.92 MPa and the elastic modulus is 2.57 GPa. The tensile strength of 560-8 is 5.02 MPa and the elastic modulus is 1.20 GPa. The tensile break work of SiO2-4, 550-4, 560-4, and 570-4 is increased by 138.0%, 389.7%, 609.5%, 417.0% compared with the jute/PLA fibers composites.
It is concluded from Fig. 9 that the cooperation of nano-SiO2 can effectively improve the tensile tolerance of composite materials. With the increase of nano-SiO2 content, the change trend of the tensile properties of the composite material before and after modification is basically the same. And when the SiO2 mass fraction is same, the sample modified by KH560 has the best tensile strength. This can be attributed to the small particle size and uniform shape of SiO2 modified by KH560, which is consistent with the DLS data.
When preparing jute/PLA laminates, SiO2 can be more evenly dispersed in the matrix, thereby enhancing the effective load transfer between jute and PLA, improving the tensile properties of the composite material. The silane coupling agent can serve as a bridge to improve the compatibility of the interface between SiO2 and jute/PLA, forming a better whole, and then strengthening the stress transmission. Figure 10 shows the interaction between the silica particles and the interface of the jute/PLA composite before and after the modification. The silane coupling agent can react with the silicon hydroxyl group on the surface of SiO2 after being hydrolyzed. The degree of aggregation of modified-SiO2 is reduced, exposing more binding sites that can interact with PLA. At the same time, the long-chain structure of the coupling agent will generate entanglement on the interface between jute fiber and PLA, which efficiently enhances the interface bonding performance, expedites interfacial stress transfer, and ultimately improves the mechanical property of the composite material.
Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA)
Figure 11 respectively show the dynamic storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E'') and loss coefficient tanδ(E''/E')of jute/PLA composites with different contents of SiO2 modified from room temperature to 180 ℃. As shown in Fig. 11 (a) and (b), the stored modulus values and corresponding temperatures of different samples at the beginning of chain segment movement. In the temperature range studied, the storage modulus of the jute/PLA composite modified by SiO2 is higher than that of the untreated jute/PLA composite. In addition, different variables showed the same change pattern. With the increase of SiO2 content, the storage modulus of the modified jute/PLA composite material increases first and then decreases. The increase in storage modulus and corresponding temperature of chain segment starting to move indicates that the interface adhesion between jute and PLA has been improved, resulting in greater stress transfer between them(Porras and Maranon. 2012). That is, the increase of the SiO2 content can improve the interfacial adhesion, but because of the poor dispersibility of SiO2, when the content is greater than 4%, the effect of the coupling agent on SiO2 modification is not obvious, and the jute/PLA interface adhesion begins to decrease.
The next study parameter is the loss modulus, which represents the energy dissipated by the jute/PLA composite under stress (Laly et al. 2003; Doan et al. 2007). It is observed in Fig. 11 (c) and (d) that the loss modulus value of the SiO2-modified jute/PLA composite is much higher than that of the untreated jute/PLA composite. It is known that the maximum value of loss modulus corresponds to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composite material. The Tg of the untreated jute/PLA composite is around 57.3 ℃. In contrast, the Tg of the SiO2-modified jute/PLA composite material moved to the high temperature zone, reaching a maximum of about 74.2°C.
Finally, loss factor, tanδ, which refers to the ratio of the loss modulus of the composite material to the storage modulus of the composite material, and represents the damping energy of the material. The decrease of the tanδ value indicates SiO2 improves the bonding strength between PLA and jute, and reduces the fluidity of PLA macromolecules in the composite material. Due to the improvement of the hydrophobicity of the SiO2-modified Jute/PLA, the interfacial adhesion is enhanced, and the fluidity of the polymer chains at the jute/PLA composite interface is reduced. Among the unmodified SiO2 and SiO2 jute/PLA composites modified by KH550, KH560 and KH570, the unmodified jute/PLA composites have the highest tanδ value, and the KH560 modified SiO2 jute/PLA composites has the highest tanδ value, indicating the dispersibility of SiO2 modified by KH560 is best. Among all SiO2 composite material modified by KH560, jute/PLA with a SiO2 content of 4% has the best interface bonding. As shown in Fig. 11 (e) and (f).
Comprehensive analysis of sample 560-4 has the best thermomechanical properties. Compared with the jute/PLA composite, the storage modulus, glass transition temperature and loss modulus have increased; tanδ has decreased. As shown in Fig. 11 (g), the comparison of DMTA between jute/PLA composite and sample 560-4. The glass transition temperature of sample 560-4 is 29.5% higher than that of the jute/PLA composite, indicating that the experimental optimization has improved the bonding strength of the interface between PLA and jute. The storage modulus values of different samples decrease with increasing temperature. The tanδ value of the jute/PLA composite material increased with the increase of temperature when the mass fraction of SiO2 treated by KH560 was 4%, until it reached the maximum at 69.2℃, and then the opposite trend was observed in the rubber area.
In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the jute/PLA composite, nano-SiO2 particles modified by different coupling agents were introduced into the PLA matrix. The effect of the type of coupling agent and the mass fraction of SiO2 on the bending, stretching and thermomechanical properties of the composite was studied. The study shows that the addition of SiO2 improves the interface performance between PLA and jute and improves the mechanical properties of the composite material. Meanwhile, the smaller the particle size of SiO2 and the more uniform the particles, the better the mechanical properties of the composite material. The analysis of thermomechanical properties shows that the addition of SiO2 can improve the thermomechanical properties and glass transition temperature of composite materials. In addition, as shown in the tensile and bending tests, the strength, stiffness and toughness of SiO2 composite material with mass fraction of 4% modified by the KH560 coupling agent are significantly improved, and its elongation at break is slightly affected. Compared with intact jute/PLA composite, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of sample 560-4 increase by 150.3% and 77.4%, respectively, while the tensile strength and tensile modulus increase by 816.9% and 700.1%, respectively. Its excellent mechanical properties are the result of the better interface compatibility of jute/PLA caused by the SiO2-CN bond. In addition, the fracture morphology of the composite material shows that the plastic deformation of the matrix caused by SiO2 are the main toughening mechanisms.
In summary, adding SiO2 modified by coupling agent to jute/PLA composites can improve the mechanical properties of composites, which can be used in packaging, automotive and other industries. Make products more green and environmentally friendly.
The work is gratefully supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11602156), Science and Technology Guiding Project of China National Textile and Apparel Council (Grant No. 2020064).
Declaration of competing interest
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