text:
The 1992 AFL season was the 96th season of the Australian Football League (AFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Australia, which was known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. The season featured fifteen clubs, ran from 21 March until 26 September, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top six clubs.

Prior to the season, the AFL ceased its role as the administrative body for football in Victoria after 95 years: this role was transferred, along with control of the reserves competition, to the newly established Victorian State Football League (VSFL). Subsequently, the Victorian AFL clubs' under-19s competition was dissolved, and zone-based recruiting was abolished.

The premiership was won by the West Coast Eagles, after it defeated  by 28 points in the 1992 AFL Grand Final. It was West Coast's first premiership, and also the first premiership won by a non-Victorian club following the league's interstate expansion.

Foster's Cup

Premiership season

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

Round 5

Round 6

Round 7

Round 8

Round 9

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 9.12 (66) |||| 15.15 (105) ||MCG || 17,371 ||Friday 15, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 11.16 (82) |||| 15.16 (106) ||Princes Park|| 19,077 ||Saturday 16, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 17.22 (124) |||| 28.13 (181) ||MCG || 41,244 ||Saturday 16, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 18.12 (120) |||| 7.6 (48) ||Waverley Park || 22,686 ||Saturday 16, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 6.6 (42) |||| 11.18 (84) ||Carrara Stadium || 3,059 ||Sunday 17, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 19.20 (134) |||| 14.18 (102) ||MCG || 17,487 ||Sunday 17, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 9.10 (64) |||| 9.15 (69) ||Football Park || 44,723 ||Sunday 17, May

Round 10

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 17.16 (118) |||| 11.12 (78) ||WACA|| 23,046 ||Friday 22, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 18.8 (116) |||| 7.22 (64) ||Princes Park|| 27,993 ||Saturday 23, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 9.12 (66) |||| 12.9 (81) ||Waverley Park || 60,228 ||Saturday 23, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 16.11 (107) |||| 13.12 (90) ||Whitten Oval || 18,508 ||Saturday 23, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 21.14 (140) |||| 16.8 (104) ||MCG || 18,634 ||Saturday 23, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 25.18 (168) |||| 9.6 (60) ||Moorabbin Oval || 18,360 ||Saturday 23, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 12.13 (85) |||| 21.20 (146) ||SCG|| 12,217 ||Sunday 24, May

Round 11

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 10.5 (65) |||| 14.15 (99) ||Waverley Park || 30,177 ||Saturday 30, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.14 (92) |||| 13.11 (89) ||Princes Park|| 25,343 ||Saturday 30, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 19.15 (129) |||| 18.18 (126) ||Kardinia Park || 22,429 ||Saturday 30, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 22.10 (142) |||| 11.17 (83) ||MCG || 13,174 ||Saturday 30, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 16.20 (116) |||| 10.13 (73) ||MCG || 20,476 ||Sunday 31, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 16.13 (109) |||| 11.9 (75) ||Whitten Oval || 25,829 ||Sunday 31, May
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 21.16 (142) |||| 16.11 (107) ||Football Park || 36,312 ||Sunday 31, May

Round 12

Round 13

Round 14

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 20.17 (137) |||| 16.6 (102) ||MCG || 6,396 ||Friday 19, June
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 20.13 (133) |||| 17.12 (114) ||Princes Park|| 21,405 ||Saturday 20, June
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 8.12 (60) |||| 11.8 (74) ||Waverley Park || 26,346 ||Saturday 20, June
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 15.18 (108) |||| 24.13 (157) ||MCG || 30,922 ||Saturday 20, June
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 11.16 (82) |||| 11.10 (76) ||MCG || 67,835 ||Sunday 21, June
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 11.17 (83) |||| 24.14 (158) ||SCG|| 11,132 ||Sunday 21, June
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 14.8 (92) |||| 21.10 (136) ||Football Park || 43,163 ||Sunday 21, June

Round 15

Round 16

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 15.19 (109) |||| 13.9 (87) ||WACA|| 23,182 ||Friday 3, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 27.17 (179) |||| 12.8 (80) ||Princes Park|| 11,693 ||Saturday 4, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 24.17 (161) |||| 14.14 (98) ||Victoria Park|| 31,168 ||Saturday 4, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 16.15 (111) |||| 11.17 (83) ||MCG || 42,461 ||Saturday 4, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 22.11 (143) |||| 8.8 (56) ||Waverley Park || 13,235 ||Saturday 4, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 14.11 (95) |||| 16.18 (114) ||Kardinia Park || 26,257 ||Saturday 4, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 11.17 (83) |||| 21.10 (136) ||SCG|| 7,329 ||Sunday 5, July

Round 17

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 7.12 (54) |||| 9.12 (66) ||Waverley Park || 52,481 ||Saturday 11, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 11.18 (84) |||| 15.7 (97) ||Moorabbin Oval || 27,347 ||Saturday 11, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 21.10 (136) |||| 8.15 (63) ||Kardinia Park || 19,829 ||Saturday 11, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 18.11 (119) |||| 17.16 (118) ||Princes Park|| 11,089 ||Saturday 11, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 9.10 (64) |||| 14.19 (103) ||Carrara Stadium || 13,053 ||Saturday 11, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 10.17 (77) |||| 11.14 (80) ||North Hobart Oval || 10,265 ||Sunday 12, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 16.11 (107) |||| 8.6 (54) ||Subiaco Oval || 28,397 ||Sunday 12, July

Round 18

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 14.12 (96) |||| 17.12 (114) ||SCG|| 15,240 ||Friday 17, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.15 (93) |||| 10.17 (77) ||MCG || 44,142 ||Saturday 18, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 10.13 (73) |||| 16.18 (114) ||Princes Park|| 6,461 ||Saturday 18, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 20.13 (133) |||| 14.12 (96) ||Waverley Park || 17,096 ||Saturday 18, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 12.11 (83) |||| 24.21 (165) ||MCG || 26,131 ||Sunday 19, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 9.13 (67) |||| 18.8 (116) ||Football Park || 31,963 ||Sunday 19, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 15.5 (95) |||| 3.11 (29) ||Waverley Park || 24,691 ||Sunday 19, July

Round 19

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 10.23 (83) |||| 8.13 (61) ||MCG || 88,066 ||Friday 24, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 15.18 (108) |||| 15.11 (101) ||Princes Park|| 17,079 ||Saturday 25, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 15.13 (103) |||| 8.9 (57) ||Whitten Oval || 12,742 ||Saturday 25, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 12.5 (77) |||| 15.6 (96) ||Kardinia Park || 25,585 ||Saturday 25, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 7.13 (55) |||| 19.16 (130) ||Waverley Park || 43,132 ||Saturday 25, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 23.12 (150) |||| 10.15 (75) ||MCG || 20,184 ||Saturday 25, July
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 21.6 (132) |||| 7.5 (47) ||Football Park || 25,597 ||Saturday 25, July

Round 20

Round 21

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 15.21 (111) |||| 11.14 (80) ||MCG || 9,739 ||Friday 7, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 11.16 (82) |||| 8.15 (63) ||Waverley Park || 53,369 ||Saturday 8, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.16 (94) |||| 19.12 (126) ||MCG || 25,508 ||Saturday 8, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 10.8 (68) |||| 17.18 (120) ||Princes Park|| 11,871 ||Saturday 8, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 12.15 (87) |||| 18.14 (122) ||Waverley Park || 50,883 ||Sunday 9, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 15.14 (104) |||| 12.12 (84) ||Subiaco Oval || 23,245 ||Sunday 9, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 11.11 (77) |||| 17.8 (110) ||Carrara Stadium || 4,603 ||Sunday 9, August

Round 22

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 14.22 (106) |||| 10.16 (76) ||WACA|| 23,016 ||Friday 14, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 19.22 (136) |||| 7.12 (54) ||Princes Park|| 31,375 ||Saturday 15, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 23.13 (151) |||| 9.4 (58) ||Kardinia Park || 17,187 ||Saturday 15, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.8 (86) |||| 25.20 (170) ||MCG || 20,423 ||Saturday 15, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 14.8 (92) |||| 14.14 (98) ||MCG || 35,253 ||Sunday 16, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.10 (88) |||| 21.13 (139) ||SCG|| 8,656 ||Sunday 16, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.15 (93) |||| 10.17 (77) ||Football Park || 38,675 ||Sunday 16, August

Round 23

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 12.14 (86) |||| 15.12 (102) ||Waverley Park || 77,357 ||Saturday 22, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 20.19 (139) |||| 10.11 (71) ||MCG || 21,044 ||Saturday 22, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 20.13 (133) |||| 14.14 (98) ||Princes Park|| 9,244 ||Saturday 22, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 19.15 (129) |||| 9.16 (70) ||Carrara Stadium || 4,349 ||Saturday 22, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 7.11 (53) |||| 3.5 (23) ||Whitten Oval || 15,695 ||Sunday 23, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 24.25 (169) |||| 11.12 (78) ||Football Park || 46,543 ||Sunday 23, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 6.7 (43) |||| 8.10 (58) ||MCG || 30,548 ||Sunday 23, August

Round 24

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Home team score
| Away team
| Away team score
| Ground
| Crowd
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.17 (95) |||| 18.17 (125) ||SCG|| 7,466 ||Friday 28, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 13.9 (87) |||| 11.16 (82) ||Victoria Park|| 28,990 ||Saturday 29, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 16.14 (110) |||| 9.10 (64) ||Waverley Park || 42,968 ||Saturday 29, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 14.12 (96) |||| 19.16 (130) ||Princes Park|| 8,830 ||Saturday 29, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 19.17 (131) |||| 11.8 (74) ||Whitten Oval || 15,390 ||Saturday 29, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 20.10 (130) |||| 22.17 (149) ||MCG || 42,549 ||Saturday 29, August
|- style="background:#fff;"
||| 18.12 (120) |||| 12.15 (87) ||Subiaco Oval || 40,441 ||Sunday 30, August

Ladder
All teams played 22 games during the home and away season, for a total of 165. An additional 7 games were played during the finals series.

Finals series

The AFL used a modified version of the McIntyre final six, after criticism of the original final six system. The difference to the original version was that First Semi-final would be contested between the loser of the qualifying final and the Elimination Final winner which had finished in a lower qualifying position on the ladder, while the second Semi-final would be contested between the winner of the qualifying final and the Elimination Final winner which had finished in a higher qualifying position on the ladder. This system would be retained for the following season before being replaced by the McIntyre final eight system.

Elimination Finals

Qualifying final

Semi-finals

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Score
| Away team
| Score
| Venue
| Attendance
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
|
| 19.5 (119)
|
| 14.6 (90)
| Waverley Park
| 59,512
| Saturday, 12 September
|- style="background:#fff;"
|
| 14.11 (95)
|
| 20.13 (133)
| MCG
| 71,745
| Sunday, 13 September

Preliminary final

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Score
| Away team
| Score
| Venue
| Attendance
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
|
| 22.17 (149)
|
| 12.13 (85)
| MCG
| 71,841
| Saturday, 19 September

Grand Final

|- style="background:#ccf;"
| Home team
| Score
| Away team
| Score
| Venue
| Attendance
| Date
|- style="background:#fff;"
|
| 16.17 (113)
|
| 12.13 (85)
| MCG
| 95,007
| Saturday, 26 September

Awards
 The Brownlow Medal was awarded to Scott Wynd of .
 The Leigh Matthews Trophy was awarded to Jason Dunstall of .
 The Coleman Medal was awarded to Jason Dunstall of .
 The Norm Smith Medal was awarded to Peter Matera of .
 The Wooden Spoon was "awarded" to .

Notable events
 The minor grades and recruitment processes for Victorian clubs in the AFL competition underwent significant changes for the 1992 season:
 Firstly, zone-based recruiting was abolished, firmly establishing the AFL Draft as the primary mechanism for player recruitment.
 Secondly, the AFL ceased its role as the administrative body for football in Victoria after 95 years, with the Victorian State Football League (VSFL) being established as a new administrative body to oversee football in Victoria.
 Thirdly, the VSFL also took control of the AFL Reserves competition: this change was only administrative, with the VSFL serving as a continuation of the AFL Reserves.
 Fourthly, the AFL Under-19s competition (along with the twelve AFL clubs' under-19s teams) was dissolved, to be replaced by the VSFL's new Under-18s competition (later known as the TAC Cup and subsequently the NAB League) that featured six district-based clubs not affiliated with any AFL club.
 Geelong also set records for most points scored in a home-and-away season (3,057) and in all games (3,558), which have not been broken as of 2022.
 The Round 9 match between the Brisbane Bears and Footscray on a rainy Sunday at Carrara saw only 3,059 attend. This remains the lowest attendance at a VFL/AFL match since the war-affected 1942 season.
 In Round 23, in torrential rain at the Western Oval, West Coast kicked only 0.2 (2) to three-quarter time. This is the lowest three-quarter time score since 1953.
 The first McIntyre "final six" system, which had operated in 1991, was replaced by the second McIntyre "final six" system. The second McIntyre "final six" system lasted two seasons; it was replaced by the McIntyre "final eight" system in 1994.
 The Round 20 match between St. Kilda and Fitzroy was the last senior AFL game to be played at Moorabbin Oval, which had been home to the Saints for twenty-eight seasons beginning in 1965. St. Kilda would play their home games at Waverley Park for the remainder of the 1990s before permanently moving to Docklands Stadium in 2000. St. Kilda's AFLW team has played its home games at Moorabbin since its 2019 formation.

See also
 second McIntyre "final six" system

References

Bibliography

External links
 1992 Season - AFL Tables

AFL season
1992


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Google Rigged Its Own Advertising Auction In Favor of Facebook for a Price (and What That Means for the So-Called Free Market)
Posted on January 4, 2021 by Lambert Strether
By Lambert Strether of Corrente.
Two days before New Year's, The Wall Street Journal released the following story, "Inside the Google-Facebook Ad Deal at the
Heart of a Price-Fixing Lawsuit," which I think should have been a blockbuster, but wasn't, possibly because of the holidays, possiblly because everybody already thinks they're both crooks. In this brief post, I'll first extract the key points of the case, and then consider what Google's actions imply for the idea that we live in a "free market" society.
Before we look at the story, we need to understand a little about how Google ads are sold to buyers. (Naturally, I searched on Google for this, and was greeted with six pages of material from Google itself, interspersed with marketing from SEO firms. Not one academic[1] or journalistic explanation. Good job.) The best description of the algorithm I could find was this (2012) course description from Cornell. From my scan of the marketing literature, the same basic procedure is used today:
The way Google's auction works is similar to a second price sealed-bid auction. Each time a user searches for a word or phrase, Google saves the data and groups the keywords by relevance. Advertisers associate advertisements with various keywords. Google then matches the keywords from internet users with keywords associated with the advertisements and auctions the advertisement slot to multiple advertisers. The ad rank of each advertisement is calculated based on the maximum bid the advertiser makes for the ad and the quality score. Quality score is a metric determined by multiple components of the advertisement. The product of those is the ad rank. The advertiser with the highest ad rank wins the auction and will have their ad displayed on Google's website for specific internet users whose search queries match the advertisement's keywords. However, the price that advertiser pays is not the advertiser's maximum bid price, rather, it is the minimum amount the advertiser can pay to win the ad auction. In other words, the lowest amount the advertiser can pay to outbid the next highest bid. The price is calculated by the ad rank of the person below the highest bidder divided by the highest bidder's quality score plus 0.01.
This type of advertisement auction is essentially the second price sealed-bid auction. The auction is a sealed-bid auction because advertisers do not know what other advertisers are bidding.
The Journal provides a diagram of all the auction players:
(Note the highlighted "in an instant," and "transactions happen in real time," to which we shall return.)
To the story, then, reported by Ryan Tracy and Jeff Horwitz. In an unredacted draft version of the suit obtained by the Journal:
Ten Republican attorneys general, led by Texas' Ken Paxton, say Google gave Facebook special terms and access to its ad server, a ubiquitous tool for allocating advertising space across the web. This and other conduct by Google, they allege in the final lawsuit, harms competition and deprives "advertisers, publishers and consumers of improved quality, greater transparency, increased output and/or lower prices."
(Google denies it; Facebook is not mentioned in the suit.) The context in which Google gave Facebook special terms was an effort by publishers to circumvent Google's online advertising monopoly by dealing directly with advertisers through a technical process called "header bidding," hopefully cutting themselves better deals.
In March 2017, Facebook publicly endorsed header bidding. Google approached Facebook and in September 2018 reached the digital advertising agreement, the states allege. The draft lawsuit says Google code-named it "Jedi Blue."
Here are the terms of the Jedi Blue contract:
I will focus on the "millisecond" timeout aspect, because while the other terms are such as could be drawn up over cheap steaks and bad red wine in a provincial airport hotel restaurant, the timeout involves and corrupts the inherent technical characteristics of the platform. Oddly, the Journal mentions it, but does not explain it. The heavily redacted original complaint does:
(FAN is "Facebook Audience Network," presumably feeding the winning bid from Google's auctions into its own systems.)
Recall the words "in an instant," and "real time." As it turns out, Google is gaming its own auction to make those wprds mean different things for different clients. (It's as if I were buying material at a fabric store by the yard — except the store was using a rubber yardstick, stretching out the "yard" for lucky clients, shrinking it for the unlucky.) Computation takes time. Those extra-milliseconds Google granted Facebook are important, because the auction bidding itself can take milliseconds. The extra time allows Facebook's systems to be a little bit slower. The extra time also allows Facebook an informational advantage, because — speculating here — it gives Facebook to merge its own data with that it gets from Google. Finally, the extra time allows Facebook to outwait other bidders.
I said that Google's advertising exchange was using a rubber yardstick. Michael Hudson has something to say about that:
For starters, any practical payment system for credit and trader requires accurate weighing and measuring. This calls for public oversight as a check on fraudulent practice. Trust cannot be left to individuals engaging in barter or credit on their own.
Yet this is exactly what we have done, because Google's algorithm is proprietary, and Google's auction is a black box to regulators.
Crooked merchants historically have used light weights [rubber milliseconds] when selling goods or lending out money so as to give their [disfavored, non-Facebook] customers less, and heavy weights when buying or collecting debts so as to gain an unduly large amount of silver or other commodities….
Biblical denunciations of merchants using false weights and measures find their antecedents in Babylonia. Hammurabi's laws (gap x [Roth 1998:98], sometimes referred to as §94 and §95) stipulates that merchants who lend grain or money by a small weight but demand payment using a larger measure should forfeit whatever they had lent. Ale‑women found guilty of using crooked weights and measures in selling beer were to be cast into the water (§108 [Roth 1998:101])…. Such abuses are timeless. The 7th century BC prophet Amos (8:5ff.) depicts the Lord as denouncing wealthy Israelites "who trample the needy and do away with the poor of the land" by scheming, "skimping the measure (making the ephah small), boosting the price (making the shekel great), and cheating with dishonest scales." Likewise the prophet Micah (6:11) denounces merchants using "the short ephah, which is accursed? Shall I acquit a man with dishonest scales, with a bag of false weights?" (Kula 1986 reviews Biblical and Koranic examples.)
How is what Google is doing with its 300 millisecond "timeout" for Facebook any different from these "timeless abuses"? Answer, it isn't. Is this a "free market"? No. If every giant, data-driven Silicon Valley is rigging the game like Google — and why wouldn't they? — do we even have a "free market society"? No, we don't.
Hudson also points out the essential role of temples in maintaining weights and measures:
Who else but temples and palaces could have provided honest standards? Monetary exchange could not have been workable without their oversight of standardized weights and measures, attesting to the purity of the monetary metals, and sanctions against fraud. That is why silver was minted in temples from Mesopotamia through Rome. Our word for 'money' comes from Rome's Temple of Juno Moneta…
If there is such a thing as a modern temple, it looks like these:
But our temples are run by crooks who worship an evil God that dotes on fraudsters. I don't like this timeline at all, and I wish we were all in a different and better one.
[1] This, from Nature, is very good. "Because AdWords effects all words, not just copyrighted ones, we have a situation in which all words and ideas online are becoming commodities."
This entry was posted in Banana republic, Free markets and their discontents, Guest Post, Regulations and regulators, Ridiculously obvious scams, Technology and innovation on January 4, 2021 by Lambert Strether.
About Lambert Strether
Readers, I have had a correspondent characterize my views as realistic cynical. Let me briefly explain them. I believe in universal programs that provide concrete material benefits, especially to the working class. Medicare for All is the prime example, but tuition-free college and a Post Office Bank also fall under this heading. So do a Jobs Guarantee and a Debt Jubilee. Clearly, neither liberal Democrats nor conservative Republicans can deliver on such programs, because the two are different flavors of neoliberalism ("Because markets"). I don't much care about the "ism" that delivers the benefits, although whichever one does have to put common humanity first, as opposed to markets. Could be a second FDR saving capitalism, democratic socialism leashing and collaring it, or communism razing it. I don't much care, as long as the benefits are delivered. To me, the key issue — and this is why Medicare for All is always first with me — is the tens of thousands of excess "deaths from despair," as described by the Case-Deaton study, and other recent studies. That enormous body count makes Medicare for All, at the very least, a moral and strategic imperative. And that level of suffering and organic damage makes the concerns of identity politics — even the worthy fight to help the refugees Bush, Obama, and Clinton's wars created — bright shiny objects by comparison. Hence my frustration with the news flow — currently in my view the swirling intersection of two, separate Shock Doctrine campaigns, one by the Administration, and the other by out-of-power liberals and their allies in the State and in the press — a news flow that constantly forces me to focus on matters that I regard as of secondary importance to the excess deaths. What kind of political economy is it that halts or even reverses the increases in life expectancy that civilized societies have achieved? I am also very hopeful that the continuing destruction of both party establishments will open the space for voices supporting programs similar to those I have listed; let's call such voices "the left." Volatility creates opportunity, especially if the Democrat establishment, which puts markets first and opposes all such programs, isn't allowed to get back into the saddle. Eyes on the prize! I love the tactical level, and secretly love even the horse race, since I've been blogging about it daily for fourteen years, but everything I write has this perspective at the back of it.
View all posts by Lambert Strether →
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Writing Fiction: How To Write Evocative Characters Through Action And Strong Language
July 11, 2018 by Joanna Penn 9 Comments
Characters are not real people – but readers have to experience the slice of life you portray in your book as if they are. So how can you bring your characters alive?
In this article, Damon Suede outlines how to use character action and strong language to lift your characters off the page.
One of the odd myths of fiction is that characters are just like people, only imaginary… as if Darcy and your mailman differed only in their fame, wealth, and relative eligibility. That's nonsense, of course.
Characters share some characteristics with people but only enough to help them fulfil their function: to extract satisfying emotion from an audience.
One of the most obvious differences is that characters have to earn belief, while actual people get the benefit of the doubt. If we can see them and talk to them, then we assume they exist.
Characters have to convince an audience to believe. Characters don't feel. Characters aren't born. Characters don't actually disobey their creators, although at times it feels like they do. The feelings are real. The characters are not.
Bringing your fictional characters to life
Characters come to life in stories because:
they're always pursuing their version of happiness
taking action for good or ill; and
dealing with the fallout in full view of the audience.
Because of the way our brains process language, readers experience those actions just as they would observed actions in their lives, from real people. Because we evolved as pattern-hungry primates, we see a problem, devise a solution and close the cognitive gap. Yay, neuroscience!
Millions of people love Lizzie Bennet from Pride and Prejudice, but can you actually tell me the color of her "fine eyes"?
What do we know about Ebeneezer Scrooge's actual business beyond his parsimony?
Lady Macbeth doesn't even get a name, and she's one of the most famous women in world literature.
None of that is relevant.
What matters is not how characters seem, but what they do.
Audience imagination extrapolates from their actions and fills the significant gaps.
The characters aren't real, but the emotions are. Our brains grasp that a story is artificial, but the feelings slip past our defences because that's how we're wired.
We bond with them, relate to them, empathize with them…or not.
Shoddy characterizations leave us inert and annoyed.
Adjectives vs. Adverbs
When an author tells us that a heroine is brilliant or clumsy or bowlegged, that she runs quickly, always, or late, we have to swallow their opinions whole, without any means of verification.
Adjectives and adverbs demand belief from readers, even if it isn't earned. For this reason modifiers are the least and last option for character development.
If we see a noun like duke or merman or assassin, our education and imagination have to extrapolate character based on generic assumptions. Readers who know the word can infer resonance. Nouns can only suggest interpretations which we weigh against other tangible evidence.
But the second we watch a character purloin or shun or inveigle, we know who they are and why it matters because actions speak louder than words.
The real power of any characterization comes from actions, the verbs which reveal what characters make and take and break and fake.
Edmond Dantès avenges.
Cleopatra seduces.
Dracula drains.
Katniss Everdeen hunts.
Odysseus tricks.
Auntie Mame embraces.
Characters are their actions, which means their characterization starts with verbs. Verbs show where modifiers tell and nouns can only suggest.
Verbs will always provide the thrust of a scene or a story with the other parts of speech adding garnish and spice as needed.
Characters are not faces but forces
Arcs of transformation are caused by high-stakes choices.
So when you're spinning that yarn, the smartest thing you'd best dig deep into that verbal landscape to unleash the real power of your people.
Verbs make everything happen. Time spent shaping and honing your verbs will have the greatest impact.
Young writers can get seduced by the juicy tangibility of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, because they are visible, but without verbs they remain paralyzed and inert.
Energy is what makes matter matter. An author has to direct the flow of energy through the story via the characters and their actions. What audiences remember about the journey is the flow of emotions, not the trivia along the way.
In The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, saying "Gollum" doesn't actually bring that character to life or make him memorable. Tolkien uses modifiers like "old," "hungry," "mad," "lean," "miserable," "small," or "pitiable."
For nouns he gives us "creature," "villain," "thing," and "agony."
But it's in the verbs expressing Gollum's actions Tolkien really gives it to us with both barrels: "slink," "curse," "thieve," "cheat," "sneak," "strangle," "hiss," "murder," "shriek."
Suddenly we know who he is because he shows us, without needing to tell us.
The nouns and adjectives just set up an inert picture; those verbs steer Gollum through the story and shape the story thereby.
When in doubt look to the actions: what your characters make, take, break, and fake to achieve happiness. Once you know what they're doing, and why it matters the story will write itself. Therein hangs every tale.
Modifiers are inherently passive and parasitic and nouns literally cannot do or make anything on their own.
Verbs are the fire in the wire, the spark in the dark that keeps everything burning. When in doubt, always look to your characters' verbs and your story will blossom under your hands.
"All fine prose is based on the verbs carrying the sentences. They make sentences move." F. Scott Fitzgerald
EXERCISE: Strong language
How would you describe one of your characters using different parts of speech?
Don't be afraid to incorporate language that also evokes the world and vibe of their story, context, and genre.
Choose a character from one of your projects, either planned or published and list 5 modifiers intrinsic to them.
Upgrade those modifiers to 5 nouns that convey the descriptive content of those modifiers as concrete people or items.
Upgrade those nouns to 5 verbs that activate the solid clarity of those nouns as dynamic expressions of the character's behavior during the course of the story. What does this language capture? What does it miss?
Add another 5-10 supplemental verbs that seem especially appropriate and evocative for the character and their scenes.
Push your vocabulary as far as possible, absorbing new terms and tone-appropriate slang to capture the character clearly. Try to capture the fascinating energy that originally drew you to the character.
[Exercise excerpted from Verbalize]
Damon Suede has earned his crust as a model, a messenger, a promoter, a programmer, a sculptor, a singer, a stripper, a bookkeeper, a bartender, a techie, a teacher, a director… but writing has ever been his bread and butter. Though new to romance fiction, Damon has been writing for print, stage, and screen almost three decades and just released his first craft book: Verbalize, a practical guide to characterization and story craft. He's won some awards, but counts his blessings more often: his amazing friends, his demented family, his beautiful husband, his loyal fans, and his silly, stern, seductive Muse who keeps whispering in his ear, year after year. Get in touch with him on Twitter, Facebook, or at DamonSuede.com.
[Top crossing photo: Ryogi_Iwata on Unsplash, Coffee photo courtesy Nathan Dumiao and Unsplash. Lightning photo courtesy Leon Contreras and Unsplash. ]
Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: character, writing fiction
Loved this article! I never realized this is how I tend to view my characters, but what Damon discusses here resonates deeply. I've always thought that verbs are the key to good fiction writing. Now I'm motivated to approach characterization this way more consciously and consistently, and I'm excited to take a fresh look at all my characters. Honest admission – I never do the exercises listed at the end of articles. There's always a first time though. 😊 Damon's suggestions are interesting and purposeful. Thanks for sharing this great article, Joanna!
Damon Suede says
Thank you so much, Kim! Very glad it was helpful. The funny thing is that I come to fiction from 25+years in theatre and film, and so when you're scripting, you cannot reply on trivia like appearance, backstory, or belief to create a characterization. EVERYTHING comes down to character action. It's the first thing credible actors and directors want to pinpoint and the most critical part of storytelling. Actors take action. Nobody would pay me to write a miniseries about a funny Dominican chemist…the first thing fans and producers ask is: WHAT HAPPENS? What does this character do? FOcusing on trivia creates trivial fiction.
FWIW, I think most writers instinctively do this kind of verb work, but dodgy writing guides tell us over and over we gotta fill out "character questionnaires" to "reveal" the real depth in character. And yet, any writer will admit they use maybe 5% of all that blather. Those shreds of detail are just a way to help us fumble towards the characters action…which after all is what makes the story happen. This is where psychology (for all its other benefits) has done the arts a great disservice. Characters cannot HAVE a psychology because they don't have lives. They just SEEM like they do. LOL We can extrapolate the illusion of psychology, but all we can actually see is what the do, their actions.
Anyways… very glad the post was helpful. And good luck with the verbalizing! 🙂
I too found this to be a very helpful article. It makes me think about my characters in a deeper way. Intuitively, I know what makes a story good. But I don't always have the technical insight to help me translate it into my writing. This helps. Thank you!
That's wonderful to hear, Nancy. Especially that it helped you approach your characters from a different angle. I'm so pleased it offered some useful tools!
Vivienne Sang says
A brilliant post. It also explains why we, as writers, are constantly reminded not to use adverbs, and to a lesser extent, adjectives. So many times we are told this, and how to avoid them, but never the 'why' in such a clear way. Thank you so much.
Thank YOU, Vivienne! 😀
Adele Marie Park says
I'm reading this and nodding away, suddenly everything becomes clearer for me. Verbs, verbs, verbs. Thank you for an excellent article.
Bill Cokas says
Boy oh boy did Damon ever energize me! Insta-fan. At one point, you mentioned sticking to the word "said" didn't necessarily always apply in audio–but then you never explained further in terms of why or what words might work better. I wonder what's behind that theory. Thanks!
It's just the repetition of words in audio that can get annoying. If you keep using 'said' it's very obvious to a listener, whereas a reader will find their eyes just skip over it. Use action primarily so you know who is speaking.
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Description: We are a mobile food stand that grills our food on site on charcoal and apple wood. We cook chops, chicken, burgers, and pulled pork with a delicious bourbon glaze, We offer many other choices and styles of cooking in addition to doing smaller catering jobs.
What is the best advice anyone has ever given you about business? The best advice we got was from another small business owner to apply to do Rockford City Market, We are now in our third year.
Why did you choose Winnebago County to start your business? We moved back to Rockford from the Naperville area to exclusively start our food business, hoping that we would get hometown support, and knowledge to help us grow. We were right! The people of Winnebago County have been nothing but supportive, and have recommended us for many events. I love my hometown!
As a business owner, why do you feel buying locally is important to our community? We find it important to keep our dollars in our community, so we try to support local businesses and encourage others to do so also.


If there are any budding, or experienced, robot builders and coders out there you might be interested in this challenge. Click here for more information and for the Rules for the Challenge, which is to take place later in 2019. Please note it is a zip file.
Time to get creative! The competition is open all U3A members from across Wales.
The University of the Third Age (U3A) is an international self-help organisation for retired and semi-retired people, in their Third Age. It provides educational, creative and leisure opportunities in lifelong learning. The success of each U3A is that they draw on the knowledge, experience and skills of their own members.
Flintshire U3A is a vibrant association of groups, which meet to offer a wide variety of activities and interests.
These meetings also offer a chance to make new friends, share interests and develop new skills in an informal and friendly atmosphere.
ART APPRECIATION - April 16th is cancelled, the church is being used for a funeral.


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#ifndef _DEV_KBD_ATKBDREG_H_
#define _DEV_KBD_ATKBDREG_H_

#define ATKBD_DRIVER_NAME	"atkbd"

/* device configuration flags (atkbdprobe, atkbdattach) */
#define KB_CONF_FAIL_IF_NO_KBD	(1 << 0) /* don't install if no kbd is found */
#define KB_CONF_NO_RESET	(1 << 1) /* don't reset the keyboard */
#define KB_CONF_ALT_SCANCODESET	(1 << 2) /* assume the XT type keyboard */

#ifdef _KERNEL

int		atkbd_probe_unit(int unit, int port, int irq, int flags);
int		atkbd_attach_unit(int unit, keyboard_t **kbd,
				 int port, int irq, int flags);

#endif

#endif /* !_DEV_KBD_ATKBDREG_H_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Vestil MFM-1300 mechanical furniture and crate mover is a pair of dollies that each have a turn care for and a lift plate and that may be strapped together and used to lift and move furniture, crates, machinery, or other large or bulky objects. The dollies are made of steel, which is stronger than aluminum and more resistant to fractures than cast iron. The turn handles lift the load for moving. Each dolly has two caster wheels that swivel for maneuverability, measure 2 inches wide and 6 inches in diameter, and are made of polypropylene, which is resistant to water, impacts, and abrasions and would possibly not mark floors. Each dolly is fitted with a 190-inch strap to help safe the load. A rubber pad on each lift plate helps protect the load from scratches. Each dolly measures 31-1/8 x 29-1/4 x 15-1/2 inches (H x W x D). (H is height, the vertical distance from lowest to highest point; W is width, the horizontal distance from left to right; D is depth, the horizontal distance from front to back.) Together, the dollies have a load capacity of 1,300 lb. and weigh 60 lb. The lift plates measure 8-3/4 x 4-3/4 inches (W x D). The maximum lift height is 15 inches. This product is intended to be used in professional and industrial environments.
Dollies are used to transport any of numerous large, heavy objects, such as cabinets, crates, drum containers, furniture, heavy machinery, large appliances, rolls of carpet, or totes. Dollies are in most cases comprised of a low platform or deck mounted to caster wheels that may swivel for maneuverability and may include brakes to keep the dolly from rolling. Some dollies have adjustable frames to transport a lot of different sizes. Others come with a pull care for to help the user move the dolly. Dollies can be utilized by professional movers or in warehouses or other industrial environments.
Vestil manufactures materials handling equipment, including hoists and trolleys, jib and gantry cranes, loading dock equipment, and storage solutions. The company, founded in 1968, is headquartered in Angola, IN.


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Q: Limit panning on X Axis in line chart using d3.js version 4 or version 5 I want to limit the panning on X Axis in line chart using d3.js version 5. But I don't know how to do that. On X Axis I am displaying data in date format using scalePoint() and on y Axis scaleLinear() is used for displaying numbers. Can you please help me to solve this ? Here is my code
  private createLineChart() {
this.width = 2000 - this.margin.left - this.margin.right;
this.height = 600 - this.margin.top - this.margin.bottom;

// X AXIS
this.xScale = d3.scalePoint()
  .domain(this.dataset[0].fluencyData.map((data) => {
    return new Date(data.date);
  }))
  .range([0, this.width]);
this.xScaleCopy = this.xScale.copy();

// Y AXIS
this.yScale = d3.scaleLinear()
  .domain([0, 110])
  .range([this.height, 0]);

this.xAxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(this.xScale).tickSizeOuter(0).tickFormat(d3.timeFormat('%b %d'));
this.yAxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(this.yScale).tickSize(-this.width);

// Line Generator
this.line = d3.line()
  .x((data) => this.xScale(new Date(data.date)))
  .y((data) => this.yScale(data.wcpm));
// .curve(d3.curveMonotoneX);

// Add SVG to Div
this.svg = d3.select('#displayChart').append('svg')
  // .attr('preserveAspectRatio', 'xMinYMin meet')
  // .attr(
  //   'viewBox',
  //   '0 0 ' +
  //   (this.width + this.margin.left + this.margin.right) +
  //   ' ' +
  //   (this.height + this.margin.top + this.margin.bottom))
  .attr('width', this.width + this.margin.left + this.margin.right)
  .attr('height', this.height + this.margin.top + this.margin.bottom)
  .attr('transform', 'translate(' + this.margin.left + ',' + this.margin.top + ')');

// Define the div for the tooltip
this.toolTipDiv = d3.select('#displayChart').append('div')
  .attr('class', 'tooltip')
  .style('opacity', 0);

// Append XAXIS to the SVG
const groupX = this.svg.append('g')
  .attr('class', 'xAxis')
  .attr('transform', 'translate(0,' + this.height + ')')
  .call(this.xAxis);

// Append YAXIS to SVG
const groupY = this.svg.append('g')
  .attr('class', 'yAxis')
  .attr('transform', 'translate(20,0)')
  .call(this.yAxis);

// Make a Path for Dataset
this.svg.append('path')
  .datum(this.dataset[0].fluencyData)
  .attr('class', 'line')
  .attr('d', this.line);
// .attr('transform', 'translate(50,0)');

// Text Heading of DATE in chart
// this.svg.append('text')
//   .attr('transform', 'translate(' + (-20) + ',' + (this.height + 13) + ')')
//   .attr('dy', '.35em')
//   .attr('class', ' xAxis')
//   .text('Date');

// Append Circles in chart with different Colors
this.appendCircles();
const zoom = d3.zoom()
  .scaleExtent([1, 1])  // This control how much you can unzoom (x0.5) and zoom (x20)
  .on('zoom', () => {
    console.log(d3.event);
    this.xAxis.scale(this.xScale);
    groupX.call(this.xAxis);

    this.xScale.range(this.xScaleCopy.range().map((d) => {
      return d3.event.transform.applyX(d);
    }));

    // Make a Path for Dataset
    this.svg.select('.line').remove();
    this.svg.selectAll('circle').remove();
    this.svg.append('path')
      .datum(this.dataset[0].fluencyData)
      .attr('class', 'line')
      .attr('d', this.line);
     }
     }

What to do in zoom to put limit for panning x Axis ?
Link of image of output : https://ibb.co/NVDJCky
In this on Y axis you can see that x Axis is overlapping when we apply panning on X Axis.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The UK Pensions Act was introduced in the late 1990s to improve the running of pensions. It included features such as improved disclosure of information to penson fund members. It was amended by the Pensions Act 2004. The amended Act places a statutory duty on scheme auditors to report breaches of the law, commonly referred to as 'whistleblowing', to the Pensions Regulator as soon as reasonably practicable. Whistleblowing reports are recognised as a key source of information and helps the regulator fulfil its statutory objectives for work-based pensions. At the same time it is recognised that not every breach poses a material threat to a scheme and the risk to members' benefits, for example, may be minimal. Scheme auditors follow recommended steps before deciding to submit a report.


What are the best types of washroom system for a hospital? A secondary school? A high-end restaurant? A prestigious office? Washroom manufacturers demonstrate the wide range of needs in four different sectors and consider the products and systems that suit each of them.
We all have the same basic needs in the washroom which means our universal requirements are toilet paper, soap, water and a hand drying system.
But washroom companies offer these products in a wide range of sizes, formats and qualities. And most will claim that the hand washing, drying and even the water requirements will vary from one sector to the next.
But are the needs of schoolchildren so different from, say, those of restaurant diners? And would the products supplied in a hospital washroom need to differ greatly from those used to equip a prestigious office washroom?
Looking at the healthcare sector first, products supplied here will depend on whether the washroom is intended for staff, visitors or patients according to SCA product and segment manager Charlotte Branwhite.
Head of product management at Hagleitner Dr Georg Steiner says hygiene and regulation compliance are both key issues in a healthcare washroom.
"Touch-free dispensers will ensure that no bacteria is transferred from one dispenser to another, or from someone's hand on to a dispenser and then back on to a hand," he says. "Easy-to-use dispensers will also make hospital employees happy to wash their hands which again ensures hygiene." He recommends the company's Xibu towel and foam soap dispensers for healthcare settings.
Marketing communications manager of Airdri Trudi Osborne feels that washroom systems in hospitals need to be reliable and durable while also being hygienic, easy to service and cost-effective.
"Warm air hand dryers offer a hygienic alternative to roller towels because there is no risk of cross-infection from soiled towels, and they eliminate the cost of paper towels and the mess and waste they cause," she said.
Osborne adds that patients, visitors and staff will all require a calm environment. "Noisy appliances are not only a nuisance but according to the World Health Organisation they can also harm human health," she said. Airdri Classic+ Mkll's high speed hand dryer has been awarded a Quiet Mark by the Noise Abatement Society, she says.
Marketing manager for PHS Washrooms Keri Reynolds adds that systems with antibacterial properties are particularly appropriate in hospitals.
PHS Washrooms' products use SteriTouch antibacterial technology which is said to reduce the spread of pathogenic germs such as MRSA, E.coli and salmonella.
Managing director of Vectair Paul Wonnacott says touch-free hand dryers and soap dispensers will reduce the potential for cross-infection in hospitals. "An air sanitiser that uses ozone to break down bad odours is also useful in such settings where unpleasant smells are common," he said.
He adds that hospitals are always looking at ways of cutting costs and being more environmentally-aware, and for this reason water conservation devices are appropriate. Washroom products in a school, on the other hand need to be robust, reliable and vandal-resistant says Wonnacott.
Economy in use is the most important factor to consider in a secondary school according to Hagleitner's Dr Georg Steiner. "Dispensers should be robust and resilient to protect against vandalism," he said, adding that the company's XIBU inox dispensers have a vandal-resistant stainless steel housing and a touch-free operation for high hygiene standards.
Katrin paper products are available in three grades – Plus, Classic and Basic. "In a hospital you would use the Plus grade for patients and the Classic grade for staff and visitors, whereas in a school you might choose the Classic for staff and perhaps the Basic for pupils," said Dewick.
Airdri's Trudi Osborne says the optional cast iron cover for the Airdri Classic makes it particularly suitable for use in secondary schools. "This protects the dryer from potential vandalism," she said.
PHS Washrooms' Keri Reynolds agrees that hand dryers are preferable in school washrooms along with sturdy dispensers that are easy to clean. She also recommends water-saving systems such as the company's SaverTaps which are said to convert existing taps into a more efficient push option without having to overhaul the sinks.
"The fact that SaverTaps prevent water from being left to run helps to reduce wastage and guards against flooding which can cause significant damage and disruption," she said.
According to Reynolds, washroom equipment in a high-end restaurant needs to combine effectiveness with an attractive design to reflect the ethos of the company. "Opting for a different colour can make a real impression: instead of a crisp, clean white a restaurant might go for a black, polished finish or brushed chrome, for example," said Reynolds.
Vectair's Wonnacott suggests upmarket, private-labelled fragrance dispensers for a high-end restaurant. "Products that are part of a co-ordinated range will provide each unit with a similar look and feel," he said. He adds that 'feel-good' products such as Vectair's Femcare MVP feminine hygiene units also work well in an upmarket restaurant. Vectair makes a donation to the Eve Appeal – which raises awareness of women's cancers - with the sale of each unit and he charity's logo is displayed on the units.
"Customers think highly of such worthwhile causes and this reflects well on the venue," said Wonnacott.
SCA's Charlotte Branwhite says washroom systems in a high-end restaurant or prestigious office should be chosen to enhance the guest experience. "Fittings should be stylish and innovative to make a statement and leave a good impression," she says. Branwhite suggests leaf-embossed Tork Premium Interfold Hand Towels and matching leaf-embossed mini jumbo Tork toilet rolls.
Metsä's Dewick says dispenser-free walls can be an issue in boutique restaurants and smart offices. "A gap between the wall and the mirrors is often used to hide the dispenser and this can be quite small, so here you would need a narrow hand towel dispenser," he said.
So how straightforward is it to choose the right washroom system for a particular type of facility? One challenge is the fact that several different systems are sometimes required on one site, says SCA's Charlotte Branwhite.
Expert advice can be a major help, says Branwhite. "Customers will often be able to improve their current solution by reducing maintenance and cost in use, or improving hygiene," she said.


text:
OPEN DOORS WORKERS PRAY, SUPPORT SURVIVORS OF CAMEROON BOMB ATTACKS
September 2, 2015 by Janelle P
Days after several suicide bomb attacks in the far northern area of Cameroon, Open Doors workers visited the towns to witness the devastation and support the suffering Christians. The town is trying to pick up the pieces. Recovery will not be easy – people's lives were altered forever. While there are stories of miraculous survival, there are also stories of excruciating loss.
The first attack took place on July 22. Two female bombers blew themselves up at exactly the same time in two separate areas of Maroua. One explosion occurred in the middle of the market and the other close to the densely populated neighborhood of Quartier Barmaré. Initial media reports indicated a death toll of at least 13, but by the end of the day, workers stated that at least 20 people had died. Then, on July 25, a girl, around 12 years old, detonated a bomb at an area called Pont Vert and killed 19 more people.
Though it has not formally claimed responsibility, it is assumed the extremist group Boko Haraman extremist group that is located primarily in Northern Nigeria More is behind the attacks. The group has been fighting to establish an Islamic state in Nigeria. Their insurgency, which gained momentum in 2009, peaked in late 2014 with the declaration of a caliphateAn Islamic State led by a caliph, a political and religious leader seen as a successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His power and authority are absolute. More around Gwoza in Adamawa state in northeastern Nigeria. It has killed an estimated 12,500 Christians in Nigeria alone and has displaced as many as 500,000 Christians. The violence has spread across Nigeria's borders to Cameroon, Chad and Niger, prompting the formation of a regional force to fight the extremists.
Open Doors workers visited Maroua a few days after the blasts to witness the devastation they caused. The pictures the team sent back showed broken walls and gaping roofs.
But the damage to people's lives was harder to communicate. The people of Maroua seemed to be in a daze. The hospital was overcrowded with people seeking assistance. Outside, family members were milling around, anxiously awaiting news about their loved ones.
Anna Marafi
Anna Marafi is one of those who did not survive. Anna had gone to the market to collect a school uniform for one of her children when the suicide bomber detonated the explosive that fateful Wednesday. Emergency workers rushed Anna to the hospital, but she died just as they got there. She was in her forties and leaves behind a husband, two daughters and a son.
Open Doors workers visited them at their home. They were received by Anna's husband Luke*, her sister Maria*, and her 17-year-old daughter Ada*. There was a deep sadness hanging over their home. Their faces told the story of the terrible loss they were trying to come to terms with.
"We explained that we were there to bring condolences for their loss and to let them know that there are people praying for them," reported Amora*, one of the visiting Open Doors team members. "We told them that we understood their loss is not easy but that we would pray for God to help them. I asked if I could pray for them and if they had specific needs. Anna's sister asked us to pray that God would give them strength. We all bowed our heads while I prayed that God would comfort them and help them to be strong during this trying time."
Robert Tschoupia
Every time church elder Robert Tschoupia looks at his pregnant wife and young son, he thanks God for sparing his life. "I am so thankful to God. I cannot imagine my wife being a young widow. God forbade that.
Robert was reclining in front of his shop when the blast occurred. He saw two of his neighbors being propelled into the air by the force of the explosion and they died on the spot. The sight of their broken bodies is something he will never forget.
"Some planks fell on me and a stone also hit my head. I was bleeding, and it was difficult to stand up," he recalls.
Around him people were running to get out of the market. Robert called for help, but no one came to his rescue. "I called to God for help…I begged God to help me and He did."
Somehow Robert received strength to stand up. Another Christian, Nahum, who was trying to flee the scene on his motorcycle, saw Robert and rushed over to help him and then drove him to the hospital. "Nahum was soaked in blood, completely soaked in my blood, but he didn't abandon me. Even at the hospital. I thank God for sending Nahum to help me. I am so grateful to God."
Robert's miracle is still continuing in his recovery. He is now able to walk normally and even go to the hospital by himself for check-ups.
*Names changed for security reasons
Compiled by Jerry Dykstra. For media inquiries, contact Christine Cape at 404-545-0085 or Christy Lynn Wilson at 770-401-9842.


This article was posted online by The Mercer Cluster. Spot On Georgia collects excepts of news articles from this news source and add these in the 'Historic High Country'-category. For mor einformation about Spot On Georgia, you can check the About Us-page.


Information anxiety… in all its different manifestations… is enormously important. We are often overwhelmed by too much information, but there are other problems as well.
What if we cannot access the information that we need (as in censorship), or the information is incorrect but convincing, either misinformation or disinformation.
Misinformation is accidental, while disinformation is purposely spread.
Misinformation is false or inaccurate information that is spread unintentionally. It is distinguished from disinformation by motive in that misinformation is simply erroneous, while disinformation, in contrast, is intended to mislead.
Researching on-line about information anxiety and media literacy for posts last week I came across a very useful blog from The World Bank. This is an international organization of 188 nations that share a common mission to help reduce poverty. Canada, the USA, France and Britain all joined in 1945. The blog is about why we need to become more vigilant about information from the media… and how to achieve this.
1. Be skeptical of absolutely everything.
2. Don't be equally skeptical of everything.
3. Go outside your personal comfort zone.
5. Understand and learn media techniques.
All of the principles for consumers are part of the toolkit of every responsible journalist or information provider. So are the following. The first four — thoroughness, accuracy, fairness and independence — are standard for journalists of all kinds, and are widely accepted inside of traditional news organizations. The fifth — transparency — is somewhat new and considerably more controversial, and even more critical in a distributed media age.
3. Be fair to everyone.
4. Think independently, especially of your own biases.
5. Practice and demand transparency.
In Ontario schools, media literacy is part of the English curriculum… an essential part of reading competence in our information saturated environment. But many of us graduated before this initiative, and it is no less important to us older adults. We should know at least as much as our children! Here is the document… the guidelines for media literacy are on pages 13 and 14.
Party advertising for the US elections is becoming nastier and nastier. The smear campaigns have started. The press, television media, the internet, and social media generally… all appear to engage in a feeding frenzy of claims and counterclaims, exaggerations, malicious rumours, disinformation and misinformation.
I will not have a vote, so I can observe this phenomenon with objective, albeit worried, fascination… with information anxiety.
Knowing how to deal with information of all kinds has never been more challenging, or more important!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged behaviour, communication, education, information anxiety, media, media literacy, Ontario, politics, society. Bookmark the permalink.
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Daryl Endy Klein is a founding member of the King of Prussia law firm of Bleczinski, Kleiman & Klein, LLC. Ms. Klein has over thirty years of experience as an attorney concentrating in family law and related cases in Chester, Montgomery and Delaware Counties and through the Pennsylvania appellate system. Ms. Klein is also a trained mediator having completed basic training in 1992 and advanced custody training in 1993. She has also been trained as an attorney for the Collaborative Family Law process. She was a Principle and founding member of MediationWorks, a private company offering mediation services and training.
Ms. Endy Klein is a member of the Chester County, Montgomery County and Pennsylvania Bar Associations. She served on the Alternative Dispute Resolution Committee for the Chester County Bar and on the Advisory Board for the Chester County Community Mediation Program.
Ms. Endy Klein has volunteered for the Women's Resource Center (Wayne, Pennsylvania) offering legal advice and consultations for its clients through seminars and in-person consultations. She also served on the Board of Directors for the Chester County Maternal & Child Health Consortium. She was a volunteer mediator for the Chester County Community Mediation Program and a volunteer victim advocate for the Crime Victims' Center of Chester County. For over ten years, she and her co-founder of MediationWorks provided training for elementary children acting as peer mediators for their schools and for adult professionals seeking to incorporate mediation skills into their practices.
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Джміль-зозуля (Psithyrus)  — це голарктичний підрід джмелів, що об'єднує 27 (в Україні зареєстровано 9 видів) видів облігатних гніздових паразитів джмелів. Донедавна джмелів-зозуль виокремлювали в окремий рід Psithyrus Lepeletier, 1832, проте нині цей таксон має таксономічний ранг підроду. На відміну від інших еусоціальних джмелів, в самок джмелів-зозуль на гомілках задніх ніг відсутній пилковий кошик, а також в цих комах відсутня каста робочих осіб (стерильних самок). Варто зазначити, що існує хибне твердження, що в джмелів-зозуль немає воскових залоз, проте, як показали результати останніх досліджень, в самок джмелів-зозуль (Bombus vestalis, B. sylvestris та B. bohemicus) вони є, хоча й на стадії пошуку гніда перебувають в недорозвиненому стані.

Посилання

Джміль

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Mathletics is a fantastic online learning space that provides a variety of activities to enhance learning. It is aligned with the Northern Ireland curriculum and gives children the opportunity to enjoy Numeracy in a fun way. We are delighted to offer Mathletics for P4-P7 children. Children can work within their own level and play games independently to consolidate the work they are covering in class. Children can also enjoy the challenge of Live Mathletics.


Darwin in Russian Thought represents the first comprehensive and systematic study of Charles Darwin's influence on Russian thought from the early 1860s to the October Revolution. While concentrating on the role of Darwin's theory in the development of Russian science and philosophy, Vucinich also explores the dominant ideological and sociological interpretations of evolutionary thought, providing a deft analysis of the views held by the leaders of Russian nihilism, populism, anarchism, and marxism.
Darwin's thinking profoundly influenced intellectual discourse in Russia: it effected the emergence of "theoretical theology," a modern effort to provide theological responses to the revolutionary changes in the natural sciences, contributed to the evolution of a modern scientific community, and spurred the rapidly growing concern with the epistemological and ethical foundations of science in general. Scholarly battles were waged among the critics of Darwin--Karl von Baer, Nikolai Iakovlevich Danilevskii and Sergei Ivanovich Korzhinskii, and others--and the defenders of the faith.
Vucinich is able to delineate the distinctive national characteristics of Russian Darwinism: the strong influence of Lamarckian thought, the delayed recognition of the contributions of genetics, the near-universal rejection of Social Darwinism, the early anticipation of the triumph of "evolutionary synthesis," and the heavy concentration on the social and moral aspects of evolutionary thought. Vividly argued and rich in detail, Darwin in Russian Thought provides a unique glimpse into the Russian psyche.
Alexander Vucinich is Professor of History of Science, Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania and author of Empire of Knowledge: The Academy of Sciences of the USSR (California, 1984).


Alaska - We do Winter Right!
You should come to Alaska in the winter. No, really. You should. 600,000 Alaskans can't be wrong.
When it comes to the raw beauty, the adventure, and all the things that make Alaska one of the most special places on Earth - those things are even more amazing in the winter.
There is no shortage of adventure here in Alaska during the winter. When we talk to friends and guests about visiting here in the winter, they are often surprised and amazed at all the different activities that are available!
Dog mushing is the state sport of Alaska, and whether you're interested in taking a one-hour ride in the basket of a dogsled, learning to drive a sled and dog team yourself, heading out on a week-long dogsled and snowmobile adventure through the Alaska Range, or following the Iditarod Sled Dog Race from Anchorage to Nome, there's a dogsledding adventure here for you.
Maybe dogsledding isn't your thing, but speed is - we can substitute the dogsled with an Irondog - the snowmobile (or as we call it here, the snowmachine). Snowmachine adventures from an hour to a week are available... and there's always our annual celebration, Arctic Man.
If you like to gather your speed from the top of a mountain rather than the back of a snowmachine, you can visit one of America's premier downhill skiing venues, Alyeska Resort. Alyeska is notable for great snow, a long season, and also a vertical that starts at sea level and heads up to the glacier-clad peaks of the Chugach Mountains - all within a convenient and beautiful drive from Anchorage.
And if speed isn't your thing, there's always an evening soaking in a hot spring under the dancing northern lights.
You say we haven't piqued your interest yet? Well, we've just scratched the surface! A honeymoon or even a destination wedding? Flightseeing over Mt. McKinley? Whale watching? Ice sculptures? Cross-country skiing? College and professional ice hockey? You can even catch a king salmon here in the winter.


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Home » Placa Major by SCOB
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Ódena, Spain
Placa Major. Photo © Adria Goula
Kara Mavros
KEYWORDS Spain
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SCOB
When Sergi Carulla and Oscar Blasco won the competition to redesign the historic town center of Ódena, an hour outside of Barcelona, in 2010, the world was a very different place. But their vision of the future is well suited to 2020, with an emphasis on public spaces that foster the social equality this new decade seeks.
Now, nearly a decade later, the duo's Barcelona-based architecture and landscape-design firm, SCOB, has completed the new Placa Major for its clients, the town hall of Ódena and the government of Catalonia. The site, located on the hillside of a Medieval castle, comprises 1.3 acres of land that was previously a heavily trafficked six-way intersection in the center of the mountainous Catalan village. In their proposal, Blasco and his team changed the program from one that favors vehicles to a "pedestrian-priority space" adjacent to the existing structures—including the town hall, a church, and neighboring single-family homes—that he hopes can serve as a 21st-century gathering point for the community of 3,500 people.
The redesign created more outdoor seating (above) and a pedestrian-friendly plaza for gatherings outside the town hall building and church (top). Photo © Adria Goula, click to enlarge.
"The plaza has a very complex topography, with steep slopes and level changes," Blasco explains. "The challenge was to gain more horizontal space for residents' use and to accommodate all of the events and fiestas that are regularly held in the municipality." To transform the area, the firm razed the former maze of streets and driveways to create several flat expanses of granite paving, accessed by a series of beveled marble steps that provide seating. The stone was all sourced from nearby quarries.
The architect also mentions the regional vinyala (a local snail delicacy) and espelt (craft-beer) festivals, in addition to the traditional Spanish wine harvest, all regularly held in the town, as incentives to redesign the streets as one unified, open plaza, albeit with multiple levels. While a few of the streets have been closed to through traffic, a sloped ramp remains to connect the distinct neighborhoods on either side of town. Some existing trees in the intersection were preserved within the middle level of the plaza to provide shade during gatherings.
In addition to hosting the slew of local festivities, Blasco hopes the new plaza will bring "social inclusion, intergenerational change, contact with the outside world—which we have missed so much these days—and democratic freedom that does not avoid conflict, but guarantees rights and equality," objectives he believes should be at the heart of all public spaces, including Ódena's.
Recent Articles by Kara Mavros
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Kara Mavros is an assistant editor at Architectural Record. Before joining the magazine, she managed communications for advertising and design firms. Her writing has appeared in Domino and VOX. She holds a B.A. from Florida State University.
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Peabody Essex Museum Garden by Nelson Byrd Woltz


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Open school in Copenhagen and Aarhus
This week DMJX opened the school for visitors and future students. The Open School event was held on Tuesday in Copenhagen and on Thursday in Aarhus
Mads Greve explains about the photojournalist education. Photo: Aleksander Klug.
During the Open School the visitors could learn about the various DMJX educations and the application processes. Just like it was possible to meet with students and teachers to hear about the life at the school.
DMJX students win three first prizes at the Danish POY
The winners at the Danish POY were announced today at the award ceremony at the Royal Library in Copenhagen.…
Scholarships for two Photo I students
We're extremely happy and proud to announce that the VII Foundation will continue to sponsor two grants for students,…


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A Next Generation Financial News Network
Manziel on NFL learning curve: It'll take time
by Wayne A · Published July 31, 2014 · Updated July 31, 2014
Manziel Fitting In At Browns' Camp?
BEREA, Ohio — Johnny Manziel admitted publicly what has been evident on the field during the first week of Cleveland Browns training camp: His learning curve is steep.
"It's a process for me," Manziel said Thursday in his first media session since camp opened July 26. "It's not something that I should just come in here naturally because I played well in college and just know how to run this offense.
"It's a complete 180 from everything that I've been used to. And it's going to take time. It's a process coming from a spread, air raid system in college to a pro style system that's very unfamiliar [to] me as far as terminology and routes."
It's a complete 180 from everything that I've been used to. And it's going to take time. It's a process coming from a spread, air raid system in college to a pro style system that's very unfamiliar (to) me as far as terminology and routes.
" — Browns quarterback Johnny Manziel
He quickly added it's not something he can't master but the words for the first-round draft pick were telling. He termed his first week full of "ups and downs" and admitted "it's still a struggle" until he is totally comfortable with play calls and the system.
Just as telling are the actions on the field. Though offensive coordinator Kyle Shanahan said he has yet to judge who is ahead or behind in the quarterback chase, Manziel has yet to take a single snap with the starters.
"I'm not worried about one or the other being ahead right now," Manziel said of himself and Brian Hoyer. "It's me making sure I know what I need to know, getting out there and running the offense and not having any mistakes. Once I go through a couple days with non-mental errors or getting to where I need to be every single time, then I'll feel a lot better."
Which, of course, would imply that Manziel has not been avoiding mental errors and has not thrown the ball where it needs to go every time.
"I'm a rookie," he said. "I don't have all this stuff figured out. I don't know the ins and outs and every little nook and cranny. Sometimes there's a little twist on a play and you can go in there and forget to say it in the huddle — and from that it changes the whole dynamic."
Manziel said this shortly after coach Mike Pettine said Manziel is ahead of where he expected the young quarterback to be when it comes to the mental part of the game, and after Shanahan refused to gauge the competition except to say it would sort itself out. For his part, Hoyer said he's learning but there's "a long way to go."
"I'm trying to do the things that I can do to be the best quarterback for this team," Hoyer said. "There isn't a lot of talk about [the competition], and until things are said to me, I'm kind of approaching it the same way every day."
Pettine said he would soon start giving Manziel opportunities with the starters. Things could change, though, in Saturday's scrimmage at the University of Akron and the preseason games, where Manziel will have a better chance to display what he can do.
But Manziel said he would not have a lot of freedom in the scrimmage and that the Browns want to see him handle the play that is called.
"I think I'll play whenever these coaches decide that I'm ready," Manziel said. "I don't think there's any rush. For me, it's whenever Coach Pettine, Coach Shanahan and the staff here decide that. I don't think they want to throw me into a situation I'm not ready for or something I can't handle. I don't know if they drafted me necessarily thinking that I should come in and start Week 1. I think they wanted to see where I'm at and how I progress."
Shanahan said Hoyer has done a good job executing the plays and going through the progressions with the receivers.
"Johnny has continued to progress as a quarterback — doing some things he didn't do in college and at the same time not losing what he is," Shanahan said. "He's trying to still make those same plays you guys saw in college and trying to learn when to let a play develop and when to abort the play and get out of the pocket and do what he does best."
Covered Browns, Cleveland sports since 1998
Previously worked at Fox Sports Ohio, AOL Fanhouse, Akron Beacon Journal/Ohio.com
Cleveland native, proud father of two daughters
Tags: curveIt'lllearningManzielTakeTime
Serena Williams wins Second Straight Australian Open
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This is a list of VGCollect users who have Alone in the Dark 2 in their Collection.
This is a list of VGCollect users who have Alone in the Dark 2 in their Sell List.
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Reynosa er en by i delstaten Tamaulipas i det nordøstlige Mexico. Byen ligger på grænsen til delstaten Texas i USA.
Indbyggertallet blev i 2005 optalt til 507.998. Det gør byen til den største i Tamaulipas.

Byer i Mexico


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rm $0

java "GraphTester"

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#to be more compatible with shells like dash
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Benefits of buzzy classes and how to build on them
By Gabriella Boston
| The Washington Post |
CrossFit participants do training push ups on kettlebells. (Getty Images)
In this era of CrossFitters, SoulCyclists and yogis, as well as barre, Zumba and Insanity devotees, people often focus on one — and only one — fitness format.
So what exactly are you getting if you are doing only that one particular routine — say, yoga — and what are you missing out on?
We asked a couple of fitness experts and an endurance athlete to guide us through the field of popular fitness routines — their upsides, their limitations and what you might add to them to round out your program.
What you get: Using a ballet barre for balance, you typically will perform a combination of small ballet-inspired movements and static poses that provide isometric training. "A barre class offers a nice combination of balance and coordination," says Anthony Wall, director of professional education for the American Council on Exercise. "It works postural muscles, which improves stability." Postural muscles include both the front body (such as abdominal muscles) and, more important, the back muscles that help lift the body up. Barre also improves muscular endurance: the ability of muscles to sustain force against resistance over time.
A workout to overcome incontinence -- and look good too
By Wendy Donahue
What to add: A barre class is unlikely to improve external-load-bearing strength (as free weights do) or aerobic fitness (as from power walking or running). "So you might add kayaking or hiking for that aerobic component," Wall says.
And maybe some weights: "In order to improve bone density, you need some extra load and impact," says Linda Haupt, regional group fitness director for Gold's Gym on the East Coast.
What you get: A high-intensity interval body-weight class such as Insanity or P90X (both branded products) usually lasts up to 30 minutes and features drills that drive the heart rate into an anaerobic zone — more than 80 percent of maximum heart rate. Gold's Gym uses a version called Grit, developed by the Les Mills brand.
"It's very efficient and includes agility, speed, dynamic jumping and strength — it's full-body," Haupt says. The post-exercise fat burn is higher and longer with this type of training than after aerobic exercise, she says.
What to add: You're not getting much aerobic work with high-intensity intervals, so adding running, cycling or swimming would be a good complement, Wall says.
Haupt says she would also recommend adding some flexibility training.
What you get: CrossFit is a brand that features high-intensity intervals but, unlike Insanity, also uses external loading. "With the high intensity, you are improving your cardiovascular system," Wall says, and the external load bearing improves strength. Other benefits include weight loss and, maybe most important, the social aspect — the feeling of being part of something larger.
Is CrossFit right for you?
By James Fell
Sep 19, 2014 | 2:00 AM
"You could do the same type of exercises elsewhere, but CrossFit offers a community, a sense of belonging that we all want," Wall says.
What to add: Haupt suggests incorporating some mobility and stability work, maybe through yoga. Wall recommends adding an aerobic component, too.
What you get: Indoor cycling can mean long-distance, steady-state drills, Wall says, which can be an excellent way to build aerobic capacity. But the most popular format focuses on short, high-intensity intervals — in other words, anaerobic work, he says. Like CrossFit, it helps improve the cardiovascular system and encourages weight loss. It also strengthens the legs.
Get a lift from cyclocross
By Des Bieler
What to add: Wall suggests adding something like boxing to strengthen the upper body and core as well as to work on rotating the body to complement the static body position on a bike.
Haupt agrees and adds that lateral movement (side to side) is crucial for injury prevention for runners and cyclists. Stretching — in particular, hip flexors, gluteus and hamstrings — can help not only with recovery and injury prevention but also with performance.
What you get: Yoga can mean a lot of things, Haupt says, and the benefits will depend on the style of yoga you are practicing. With Ashtanga, a powerful, fast-moving style of yoga, you might get your heart rate up, and with something like Iyengar, where you hold poses for a long time, you might work more muscle endurance, she says. But generally speaking, yoga focuses on balance, flexibility, breathing, relaxation and meditation.
The one stretch you need to do for maximum flexibility
By Alison Bowen
Feb 01, 2016 | 10:30 AM
What to add: A cardio component — whether aerobic or anaerobic — to improve the cardiovascular system, Haupt says. Also, some external load bearing would be beneficial to create more strength and improve bone density.
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What you get: Zumba is a program that incorporates dance and aerobic fitness. Like CrossFit, Zumba has a social component that encourages participants to keep coming back, Wall says. And like any dance-based routine, it improves coordination and balance.
Haupt adds that with all the hip and lateral moves, it also helps strengthen the core and pelvic area.
What to add: Haupt suggests adding a strength component, particularly for the upper body, and additional stretching for the lower body, including hips. Yoga or Pilates could fit the bill.
Aldermen say they're surprised by Lightfoot's casino site picks


Locked Out in the Rain?
If you have ever locked yourself out of your car, you can appreciate the frustration that it leads to. It is mental torture especially in today's highly mobile society. Sod's law dictates that lock outs usually happen just when you have a deadline to make or a meeting to attend.
This is the reason the services of auto locksmiths have become so fundamental in modern society. Not only do we ensure you get back on the road but we also help you avoid safety risks if a lockout occurs in an insecure location.
With the need for enhanced safety and driver comfort, car manufacturer's have introduced electronic door systems. This means that you need specialist locksmith services when a door problem arises to avoid exacerbating the problem. Issues such as ECU programming and transponder key issues are also no big deal for these experts.
If you have misplaced your keys, you cannot just visit any key cutter. You need a specialist in auto locks to ensure the replacement car keys work perfectly with your lock system. These specialists are highly trained in all types of locks and this will not take long.
With specialist tools, they will be able to manipulate the door lock and get your keys out.
This is a common problem especially with older car models. Instead of struggling and breaking the key, you just need to call a local auto locksmith to get the problem solved.
Imagine you are at a friend's party and you forget car keys inside the car. When you are leaving at night, you will have to either break the windows or call an emergency auto locksmith for prompt services.
Auto lock experts make life easier even when you think you are done for. In short, you need always to have the number of your trusted locksmith on quick dial in case a problem arises.
You might be wondering why you need to go to all this trouble when there are key cutters all over London. Auto locksmiths undergo training in NCFE accredited institutions and get certification to practice.
They also have affiliation with professional bodies such as the Institute of Certified Locksmiths (ICL), Auto Locksmith Association UK (ALA) and Master Locksmiths Association (MLA) among others. This guarantees professional service. They also have the expertise and resources to deal with any auto lock issue for any car model in the UK.
Why take chances with a shady locksmith? Let a professional work for you, get in touch with us today for our range of services.
This entry was posted in News by Stuart. Bookmark the permalink.


In this tutorial, we will learn how to create an eerie depiction of a dream through photo-manipulation. We are going to learn how to create a seamless surreal image of a mysterious window-headed man in a haunting, desolate road. We are going to learn the process of creating depth of field using a few Blur tools. We will learn how to create light and darkness to make the background look seamless. We are going to learn how to use textures and give life to our image, and we are going to learn how to create a moody, black and white tone using a few adjustment layers.
We positioned it there so it would be easier for us to resize that image into a square. Now, before resizing let's rename this layer to "road". To rename a layer, simply double-click on the words: "layer 1" (that is our road image) to prompt a text box to appear. Once that appears, you may now rename the layer.
Don't worry about its uneven sides, we're going to fix that later.
Next, activate the Transform tool again (Ctrl/Cmd +T), and then right click on the canvas to bring up the contextual menu. Once open, click on "Warp".
Now, we will proceed to creating the sky. First, let's open the image "Canim Lake 4". We're going to use the sky of this image because it blends well with our road. To transfer this sky to our canvas, first activate the Rectangular Marquee Tool (M).
Finally, rename this layer to "sky".
In this step, we're going to create light and darken some areas – to make it short we're going to make our background seamless, like it was just one photo.
First, let's select the "road" layer and then activate the Burn tool by pressing O on your keyboard. Why did we activate the Burn tool? – Because this tool "burns" or darkens areas in an image.
Now, let's start "burning" the "road" layer.
Next, let's create some light! Activate the Brush tool (B) and then make sure that the brushes are the default brushes. To make them the default brushes, simply right-click on the canvas while the Brush tool is activated and then click on the drop-down button to show the contextual menu. Once open – click on "Reset brushes".
Next, let's create another layer and name it "Light 2".
After that, let's create another layer and name it "Light 3".
Next, let's create another layer and name it "Light 4".
Note: #: 000000 – this is color black.
Next, let's create another layer and this time name it – "Darken 2".
Create another layer again and name it – "Darken 3".
Lastly, let's create another layer – name this layer: "Darken 4".
Now that we're finally done, let's group these layers. To do that, select all the layers that you've created and then press Ctrl/Cmd + G. You'd notice that a folder will be created; to see the layers, simply click on the drop-down button. Rename this Group to "Background".
Note: Renaming a group is similar to renaming a layer.
In this step, we will create the Depth of Field. The depth of field makes it easier for the viewer to focus their attention to the subject of the image/photo by blurring the background of foreground. In this case, we will be blurring the background.
To start, let's select all the layers (Ctrl/Cmd + Left-click on a layer) from the "Background" group and Merge them. To merge them, simply right click on any of the selected layers and click on the "Merge Layers" from the contextual menu.
Now, let's start creating the depth of field. Let's start by selecting parts of the sky and the road. To start, activate the Polygonal Lasso Tool by pressing L on your keyboard.
Next, we would need to save this selection for later use. To do that, go to Select > Save Selection and just press OK once the box opens.
After that, let's use a mask, so Enter Quick Mask mode by pressing Q on your keyboard. You'd notice a red field on the region which isn't selected.
Now that you're done, exit Quick Mask mode by pressing Q again and then Load your selection by going to Select > Load Selection (the selection we made earlier will be automatically loaded).
Now, take a look at the image – depth of field has been created.
But if you'd notice this depth of field looks fake, so we would need to blur some parts, manually.
Now we will begin adding the subjects to our artwork. First, open "Window" by Mehrunnisa stock and then activate the Rectangular Marquee Tool (M).
Once you've made the selection area, activate the Move tool (V) and drag the selected window to our canvas. Once on the layer, rename it to "Window".
Next, we will create the ropes as to where the window will be hanging from. Open "Swing Stock 2" by Shoofly Stock. Once open, activate the Rectangular Marquee Tool (M).
When you've created the selection area, activate the Move tool (V) and drag the selected swing to our canvas.
Once in the canvas, rename this layer to "swing", also, remember to put this layer below the "window" layer.
Next, let's create the scene! Open Cliff type 2_2 by the Strawberry Tree. Once open, simply move the image to our canvas using the Move tool (V) and then after moving it, rename it to "Cliff". Take note that you should put this layer below the swing and the window.
Next, press Ctrl/Cmd + J on your keyboard to duplicate the selected layer – once that's done, just deleted the original "Cliff" layer.
Once you're done, select all the layers – window, swing, cliff, man and create a group. Name this group, "objects".
Now, let's begin adding paper and metal textures to give our image a surreal feel. To start, let's open "Metal texture 15" by wojtar stock. Once open, activate the Move tool (V) and drag it on to our canvas and place it on top of all the layers that we created.
Next, let's open "Paper Texture 1" by Wojtar Stock. Once open, activate the Move tool (V) and drag it on to our canvas and place it on top of all the layers that we created. Transform it so it would cover the whole image (like what we did with the metal texture). Next, change its Blending Mode to Soft Light, Opacity: 40%.
Now it is time we retouched our image to give it a more surreal feel.
To start, let's create a Solid Color adjustment layer from the Create New Fill/Adjustment layer button located on the Layer Window.
After that, change the Blending mode to Exclusion and the Opacity to 40%.
Next, create a Color Balance adjustment layer from the Create New Fill/Adjustment layer button.
Next, let's create a Brightness/Contrast adjustment layer from the Create New Fill/Adjustment layer button.
After that, let's create a Gradient Map adjustment layer, still from the Create New Fill/Adjustment layer button.
Now, you would see that your image is in Black and White.
Next, let's adjust the color of the Blacks. Create a Selective Color adjustment layer from the Create New Fill/Adjustment layer button.
This is an oldie! LOL I think I'll give it a go! Thank you!!


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