Occupancy detector, master with 360° circular detection area, surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, slave with 360° circular detection area, surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, master with dim function and 360° circular detection area surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, with additional audio, 360° circular detection area, 1 channel. False ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, with additional audio, 360° circular detection area, 1 channel. Surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, with additional audio, 360° circular detection area, 2 channel. False ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, 1 channel with 360° circular detection area, surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, 1 channel with 360° circular detection area, FC mounted.
Occupancy detector, 1 channel with 360° circular detection area, FC mounted - Corridor.
Occupancy detector, master, 2 channel with 360° circular detection area, surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, master, with dim funcrion and 360° circular detection area, surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, master with 2 switching channels for 2 separate light measurement zones and 360° circular detection area, s/mounted.
Occupancy detector with two switching channels for two separate light measurement zones and 360° detection area, surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, with two switching channels for two separate light measurement zones in DALI DIM version and 360° detection area, surface mounted.
Occupancy detector, master with 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, slave with 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, master as DIM version and 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, 1 channel with 360° circular detection area, for integration into light fitting.
Occupancy detector, 1 channel with 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted or integration into light fitting.
Occupancy detector, 1 channel for great heights and 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, master, 1 channel for great heights and 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, slave, for great heights and 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted.
Occupancy detector, with 360° circular detection area, false ceiling mounted for great hights.
Typical applications: Automatically switch on and off lights and air-conditioners in conference rooms, board rooms, meeting rooms, classrooms, corridors, offices, parking garages, etc.
Copyright. © Absolute Energy Solutions. All rights reserved.


The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim expansion Dawnguard brought us vampires, if that's your thing, but what's next in the DLC pipeline for Bethesda's RPG epic?
Playing as a vampire really isn't my thing, but turning into a seven-foot winged monstrosity is apparently pretty cool. That was what Dawnguard DLC pack for Skyrim brought, but what's next?
Yes, I want to fly a dragon. There are many in Skyrim, but they're all terrifying. The option to kill or tame certain dragons, like BioShock? Yes please. Exploring Skyrim from above means there's no more sitting through boring load screens. You want me to explore your world, right Bethesda?
Maybe a slight curveball, but there's a conveniently placed gate in Skyrim which would lead to Morrowind if it wasn't blocked off by an invisible wall. A random return doesn't seem that logical, but when taking into account a patch mentioning the Snow Elf Prince – he's buried in Morrowind – then an exciting return isn't impossible.
Dual-wielding spells is cool and everything, but why can't we go all Dragon Ball Z and combine the two and creating a near-blinding light beam which makes us feel awesome? Seriously, there could be some kind of workbench environment where you can combined random spells to create new spells. Fire and ice? Check. Lightning and poision? Again, do it Bethesda.
Yes, the user interface in Skyrim is much better than Oblivion's but it isn't exactly producitve. Scrolling through a list of items is fine on a PC when you have a scroll button, but not on a controller. Why can't I search via keyword, or favorite items even if they're not equipped? Takes notes from Google Mail, Bethesda, because we have a huge volume of weapons just like we have a huge volume of e-mail.
So going back to Morrowind would be cool, but that could be done in another game where there's going to be greater depth (though Dawnguard has 20 hours of content). It'd be nice if Bethesda just expanded the world of Skyrim, with new towns and village and dungeons.
Some good points here, but also some that hurt my head.
1. Bioshock? What? There were no mounts you could ride in bioshock. Also, the way they design environments would make flying impractical. From the sky, you'd be seeing architecture from angles never meant to be seen and it would look very ugly.
2. The snow prince is not buried in Morrowind. He's buried in Solstheim which is off the coast of Vvardenfell. It is not part of the Morrowind province, however.
3. Absolutely needed. Being able to make your own spells was one of the things that the older elder scrolls games did right. No reason it should have been left out.
4. In your inventory, the UI is fine. In containers, it's terrible. I'd just settle for them organizing your items into categories the way shops do.
5. New locations in Skyrim could be nice. I'd prefer new environments, though. Shivering Isles was great because it was so different. I can only take so many snowy mountain peaks before I get tired. I need to see something new.


Heavy Duty Cleaning, Treatments and Odour control technologies for the HVAC/R, Remediation & Restoration, Facilities maintenance industries.
AeriShield –A patented Enzymatic & Probiotic formulation which prevents mould colonisation and offensive odours in all soft textile areas- carpets, rubbish bins, drains and septic tanks, indoors and outdoors.
Aeris Active – Removes and controls mould & mildew, leaving behind an invisible film ensuring no recolonisation of the surface, AerisActive is designed to also reduce and remove stubborn discolouration caused by mould and mildew.


text:
'Law & Order' Fans Agree These Are the...
'Criminal Minds' Fans Agree Which Season Is the...
Gabby Petito Case: FBI Releases Final Statement on...
'One Chicago': One Character Makes the Jump Between...
'Chicago PD' Alum Sophia Bush Reunited With Co-Stars...
'Yellowstone' Star Brecken Merrill Tributes Onscreen Dad Luke...
Gabby Petito Family Lawyer Says There's 'No Doubt...
Cole Swindell and Lainey Wilson Talk Must-Have Holiday Dishes
by Hannah Heser December 13, 2021
written by Hannah Heser December 13, 2021
You know it's that time of year when everyone discusses their favorite holiday food. Host and executive producer at CMT Radio, Cody Alan, sits down with country stars, Cole Swindell and Lainey Wilson. They talk about all things Christmas with their must-have holiday dishes this year.
Cole Swindell starts it off by saying he loves all of the food. With that being a terrible answer, he says "But, probably deep-fried turkey and then dressing."
Lainey agrees with Cole's answer.
"As long as you have some good dressing with some gravy poured over the top of it. I am looking forward to all of that," Cole adds.
Lainey talks about her granny's famous chicken and dumplings dish. As she was describing the meal, Cody and Cole were drooling as if they already had it! "We might have some crawfish etouffee or jambalaya," Lainey says. "Our Thanksgivings and Christmases look a little different with being from Lousiana. Louisiana is full of good food!"
Besides the delicious holiday food, Cody Alan asks the artists to discuss their new duet on air.
Lainey Wilson & Cole Swindell Celebrate the Release of Their New Duet
Country stars Lainey Wilson and Cole Swindell are celebrating the release of their new single, Never Say Never.
These artists have been dreaming of working together on a project, and they finally did! This song came out on November 19, 2021.
A few days before the release date, iHeartCountry held an exclusive interview with the duo asking them how this duet came about.
Cole Swindell remarks on what the song truly means to him.
"Our new song, 'Never Say Never' is about how two people are in a relationship that either might not be the best for either one of them, but I think a lot of people can relate," he says. "It's hard to say no to some things, and that's just what it's about to me."
He co-wrote the song with Chase McGill and Jessi Alexander as a duet. He sent Lainey the song because he thought her voice would be perfect on it.
Once Lainey heard the first voice she knew she had to be part of it. She says, "It was written by some of the best songwriters in Nashville, so I said sign me up!"
Cole Swindell ends her speech with "…And the rest is history!"
Never Say Never is now available on all streaming platforms and YouTube.
Lainey Wilson's Rise to Fame With 'Things A Man Oughta Know'
Lainey Wilson has had quite a successful year with her number one single, Things A Man Oughta Know'. Today, it is number 82 on the iTunes Country Charts.
She is on the verge of becoming a well-known star. We know she will keep creating music that we love and relate to!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Of the previous generation, this Porsche Panamera retains nothing: new platform and engines (more powerful: up to 680 horsepower), traction is only integral and the transmission a new robotized dual clutch with eight gears (very fast, but not always fluid in running at low speed). The line, especially the rear, is more graceful and more reminiscent of the 911 coupe.
In Porche Panamera wide and comfortable the four seats: only those who are taller than 185 cm "touch" with the head behind. The finishes of Porche Panamera are impeccable, but some controls aim more to make the scene than to be practical: the motorized central air vents (controlled by moving a cursor on the touch-sensitive screen of the dashboard) respond with a clear delay. In addition, the keys around the gearshift are integrated into a shiny surface and are not identified by touch: you have to look away from the road to find the one you want.
Performance of Porche Panamera is breathtaking with all the engines, excellent road holding and good comfort. In spite of the "salty" price, the equipment is not impeccable: the floor mats and the adaptive cruise control are also charged separately.


text:
require 'pp'

require 'faraday'
require 'faraday_middleware'
require 'active_record'

class Downloader
  BASE_BRNO_GIS_URL = 'http://gis.brno.cz/arcgis/rest/services/PUBLIC'
  DOWNLOAD_SLICE = 100

  attr_reader :map, :layer_index, :conn
  def initialize(map, layer_index, fields = '*')
    @map = map
    @layer_index = layer_index
    @fields = fields

    @conn = Faraday.new(:url => BASE_BRNO_GIS_URL) do |faraday|
      faraday.request  :url_encoded             # form-encode POST params
      faraday.response :logger                  # log requests to STDOUT
      faraday.request :json

      #althoug respons is json, Brno's server returns text/plain
      faraday.response :json #, :content_type => /\bjson$/

      faraday.adapter  Faraday.default_adapter  # make requests with Net::HTTP
    end
  end

  def url_path
    "#{map}/MapServer/#{layer_index}/query"
  end

  def oids
    return @oids if defined? @oids

    response = @conn.get url_path, {
      where: 'OBJECTID IS NOT NULL',
      returnIdsOnly: true,
      f: 'pjson'
    }
    @oids = response.body['objectIds']
  end

  def features
    return @features if defined? @features
    @features = []
    oids.each_slice(DOWNLOAD_SLICE) do |ids_bulk|
      response = @conn.get url_path, {
        where: "OBJECTID IN (#{ids_bulk.join(',')})",
        outFields: @fields,
        returnGeometry: true,
        f: 'pjson'
      }
      @features.concat(response.body['features'])
    end
    @features
  end

  def to_geojson(&block)
    f = features.map do |feature|
      geometry = convert_geometry(feature['geometry'])
      {
        type: "Feature",
        geometry: geometry,
        properties: block.call(feature['attributes']),
        id: feature['attributes']['OBJECTID']
      }
    end

    {
      type: "FeatureCollection",
      features: f
    }
  end

  private

  def convert_geometry(geometry)
    if geometry.keys.sort == ['x', 'y']
      return esri5514to4321({
        type: 'Point',
        coordinates: [geometry['x'], geometry['y']]
      })
    end
    geometry_type = geometry.keys.first
    geojson_type = case geometry_type
      when 'paths' then 'MultiLineString'
      else raise "Unknown type for geometry: #{geometry.inspect}"
    end
    geojson = {
      type: geojson_type,
      coordinates: geometry[geometry_type]
    }

    esri5514to4321(geojson)
  end

  def esri5514to4321(geojson)
    JSON.load(DB_CON.exec_query("SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON('#{JSON.dump(geojson)}'), 5514), 4326)) as geometry").to_hash.first['geometry'])
  end

end

ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = :utc
#ActiveRecord::Base.logger = Logger.new('log/development.db.log')
config = {
  adapter: "postgresql",
  encoding: "utf8",
  database: "ruian",
  pool: 10,
  username: "ob",
  password: "ob",
  host: "localhost"
}
ActiveRecord::Base.configurations = { 'developmnet' => config }
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:developmnet)

DB_CON = ActiveRecord::Base.connection

#p DB_CON.exec_query("SELECT 1 as res").to_hash
#geojson = {:type=>"MultiLineString", :coordinates=>[[[-598325.000015039, -1159973.0000053197], [-598305.0000150204, -1160007.0000053532], [-598286.3600150011, -1160041.5899573825], [-598288.6199830063, -1160049.7900213897], [-598272.17851099, -1160082.6563254222]]]}
#p JSON.load(DB_CON.exec_query("SELECT ST_AsGeoJSON(ST_Transform(ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON('#{JSON.dump(geojson)}'), 5514), 4326)) as geometry").to_hash.first['geometry'])
#__END__

#=begin

d = Downloader.new('uzavirky', 0)
File.open("#{d.map}_#{d.layer_index}.json", 'w+') do |f|
  f.puts JSON.dump(d.to_geojson { |attributes|
    {
     snippets: "%s: %s
 %s
 %s - %s" % [
       attributes['CISLO_JEDNACI'],
       attributes['NAZEV_AKCE'],
       attributes['POPIS'],
       attributes["POCATEK_UZAVIRKY_TEXT"],
       attributes["KONEC_UZAVIRKY_TEXT"]
     ]
    }
  })
end

d = Downloader.new('uzavirky', 1, 'OBJECTID,INVEST,ZABNAZ,ZACDAT,KONDAT,POZNAMKA2_2DEL,POZNAMKA3_2DEL,POLOZKA_NAZEV,LOKALIZACE,JEDCIS')
File.open("#{d.map}_#{d.layer_index}.json", 'w+') do |f|
  f.puts JSON.dump(d.to_geojson { |attributes|
    {
     snippets: "%s: %s
 %s
 %s - %s" % [
       attributes['CISLO_JEDNACI'],
       attributes['NAZEV_AKCE'],
       attributes['POPIS'],
       attributes["POCATEK_UZAVIRKY_TEXT"],
       attributes["KONEC_UZAVIRKY_TEXT"]
     ]
    }
  })
end

d = Downloader.new('uzavirky', 2)
File.open("#{d.map}_#{d.layer_index}.json", 'w+') do |f|
  f.puts JSON.dump(d.to_geojson { |attributes|
    {
     snippets: "%s
 %s - %s" % [
       attributes['MSG_MTXT'],
       (attributes["MSG_MTIME_TSTA"]),
       (attributes["MSG_MTIME_TSTO"])
     ]
    }
  })
end

d = Downloader.new('kvp_vyznamne', 0, 'OBJECTID,INVEST,ZABNAZ,ZACDAT,KONDAT,POZNAMKA2_2DEL,POZNAMKA3_2DEL,POLOZKA_NAZEV,LOKALIZACE,JEDCIS')
File.open("#{d.map}_#{d.layer_index}.json", 'w+') do |f|
  f.puts JSON.dump(d.to_geojson { |attributes|
    {
     snippets: "%s: %s
 %s - %s" % [
       attributes['JEDCIS'],
       attributes['ZABNAZ'],
       Time.at(attributes['ZACDAT'].to_i/1000),
       Time.at(attributes['KONDAT'].to_i/1000),
     ]
    }
  })
end

d = Downloader.new('kvp_vyznamne', 1, 'OBJECTID,INVEST,ZABNAZ,ZACDAT,KONDAT,POZNAMKA2_2DEL,POZNAMKA3_2DEL,POLOZKA_NAZEV,LOKALIZACE,JEDCIS')
File.open("#{d.map}_#{d.layer_index}.json", 'w+') do |f|
  f.puts JSON.dump(d.to_geojson { |attributes|
    {
     snippets: "%s: %s
 %s - %s" % [
       attributes['JEDCIS'],
       attributes['ZABNAZ'],
       Time.at(attributes['ZACDAT'].to_i/1000),
       Time.at(attributes['KONDAT'].to_i/1000),
     ]
    }
  })
end

d = Downloader.new('kvp_vyznamne', 2, 'OBJECTID,INVEST,ZABNAZ,ZACDAT,KONDAT,POZNAMKA2_2DEL,POZNAMKA3_2DEL,POLOZKA_NAZEV,LOKALIZACE,JEDCIS')
File.open("#{d.map}_#{d.layer_index}.json", 'w+') do |f|
  f.puts JSON.dump(d.to_geojson { |attributes|
    {
     snippets: "%s: %s
 %s - %s" % [
       attributes['JEDCIS'],
       attributes['ZABNAZ'],
       Time.at(attributes['ZACDAT'].to_i/1000),
       Time.at(attributes['KONDAT'].to_i/1000),
     ]
    }
  })
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
import BigNumber = require("bn.js");
import * as us from "underscore";
import PromiEvent from "./promiEvent";
import { ABIDefinition } from "./eth/abi";
export type Callback<T> = (error: Error, result: T) => void;

export interface EventEmitter {
    on(type: "data", handler: (event: EventLog) => void): EventEmitter;
    on(type: "changed", handler: (receipt: EventLog) => void): EventEmitter;
    on(type: "error", handler: (error: Error) => void): EventEmitter;
    on(
        type: "error" | "data" | "changed",
        handler: (error: Error | TransactionReceipt | string) => void
    ): EventEmitter;
}

export interface EventLog {
    event: string;
    address: string;
    returnValues: any;
    logIndex: number;
    transactionIndex: number;
    transactionHash: string;
    blockHash: string;
    blockNumber: number;
    raw?: { data: string; topics: string[] };
}

export interface TransactionReceipt {
    transactionHash: string;
    transactionIndex: number;
    blockHash: string;
    blockNumber: number;
    from: string;
    to: string;
    contractAddress: string;
    cumulativeGasUsed: number;
    gasUsed: number;
    logs?: Log[];
    events?: {
        [eventName: string]: EventLog;
    };
    status: string;
}

export interface EncodedTransaction {
    raw: string;
    tx: {
        nonce: string;
        gasPrice: string;
        gas: string;
        to: string;
        value: string;
        input: string;
        v: string;
        r: string;
        s: string;
        hash: string;
    };
}

export interface Logs {
    fromBlock?: number;
    address?: string;
    topics?: Array<string | string[]>;
}
export interface Log {
    address: string;
    data: string;
    topics: string[];
    logIndex: number;
    transactionHash: string;
    transactionIndex: number;
    blockHash: string;
    blockNumber: number;
}
export interface Subscribe<T> {
    subscription: {
        id: string;
        subscribe(callback?: Callback<Subscribe<T>>): Subscribe<T>;
        unsubscribe(callback?: Callback<boolean>): void | boolean;
        arguments: object;
    };
    on(type: "data" | "changed", handler: (data: T) => void): void;
    on(type: "error", handler: (data: Error) => void): void;
}

export class Shh {} // TODO: Type
export class Bzz {} // TODO: Type


STAUNTON,Va.(WHSV) — With single digit temperatures earlier this week and warmer weather predicted for this weekend, Staunton Public Works is on the lookout for any possible water main breaks.
In January alone, Public Works responded to 15 different water main breaks.
However, even with the frigid weather this past week, this number is lower than last year as crews responded to about 22 breaks in January of 2018.
Public Works said breaks are more likely to happen when weather drastically changes from cold to warm.
This causes water to freeze in pipes, expand, and then burst.
"Each season is different, there are a lot of factors that determine how a break happens," Thomas Sliwoski, Director of Staunton Public Works, said. "Unfortunately for us, it's kind of a fact of life; again, it's not a question of if, but when will a break occur."
Sliwoski said crews will be on call this weekend in preparation for any incident and that, if you see a water break, you should report it at (540)-332-3896.


106 Democratic members of Congress sent a letter to Donald Trump demanding he get rid of the Hyde Amendment.
The Hyde Amendment says federal funds can't be used for abortions. So that means women on Medicaid, as well as federal employees, members of the Peace Corps and military -- women who get health insurance through the government -- can not have abortions covered by their insurance.
Many of the nation's most vulnerable women, including those who are low-income, young and minorities, are hurt by this law.
But every year, the government votes to keep it on the books.
The amendment has been around for 40 years -- almost as long as abortion has been legal in the United States.
The Democrats put it on their platform this year to get rid of it. It was a major part of Hillary Clinton's campaign.
Although the Democrats didn't win the presidential election, they are continuing the fight to eliminate the Hyde Amendment.
They made that clear in this letter, which was led by Representative Barbara Lee of California, a major leader in this fight.
For too long, low-income women and women of color have shouldered the burden of our country's restrictive reproductive health laws.
The lawmakers demand Trump eliminate the Hyde Amendment as well as other budget rules that restrict abortion access.
It notes one in four women eligible for Medicaid who would have gotten an abortion if they had the money "must carry the pregnancy to term."
This denial of abortion access has economic impact. The letter notes a recent study found women who are denied abortion access are more likely to fall into poverty than women who are not denied access.
Every person should be treated with dignity, compassion and respect -- and that includes upholding a woman's right to make her own decisions about whether to end a pregnancy.
It's pretty unlikely Trump will listen to this letter.
He has made it clear that, in addition to knowing absolutely nothing about abortion, he will do what he can to strip women's access to the safe and legal medical procedure.
Even though it probably won't do anything to end Hyde, the letter sends a clear message that the lawmakers have not given up on that fight.
It's taken a long time for the Hyde Amendment to become such a hot topic, so it's important to keep the conversation and awareness going.
Representatives Lee and Jan Schakowsky of Illinois have another trick up their sleeves, though.
In 2015, they introduced the EACH Woman Act along with dozens of members of Congress and the support of women's health and rights organizations.
They will continue to fight for this bill, the women told BuzzFeed.


text:
Raguenard (Raginardus) est un évêque de Coutances de la fin du .

Biographie
Son prédécesseur Lista est tué lors de la prise de Saint-Lô vers 888/890. Raguenard s'installe avec son clergé à Rouen. Le roi Eudes de France lui cède l'église Saint-Sauveur qui devient église Saint-Lô, et qui sera le siège de l'évêché de Coutances jusqu'au milieu du .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens internes
Liste des évêques de Coutances

Bibliographie

Religieux normand
Évêque de Coutances
Évêque du IXe siècle
Personnalité du haut Moyen Âge par nom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
NorthWest Exploration Forum (http://www.nwex.co.uk/index.php)
- Industrial & Commercial (http://www.nwex.co.uk/forumdisplay.php?f=13)
- - Goitside factory, Bradford 0814 (http://www.nwex.co.uk/showthread.php?t=10563)
bignickb 25-08-2014 22:04
Goitside factory, Bradford 0814
Providence mills - set in the Goitside district (Named after an artificial waterway called the Goit, which provided water to the industrial buildings that sprung up in the late 18th century) was this now forgotten reminder of the era.
What it was used for specifically may have varied over the years but after seeing a sticker for a brand name in casters - I'm guessing that furniture was manufactured here last.
I was in town for a festival last year when I spotted this district, I explored Benson engineering but could not access this site.
Skip a year ahead and I returned with my camera and a hangover only to find the latter site inaccessible but this one open!
It's pretty trashed in here, I decided against viewing the upper floors due to a lack of flooring that would hold any weight and kept to the main factory floor. Not that it was much safer, there were cellars but I was not going to venture down there on a solo explore. I got freaked out a bit by the drug paraphernalia and its' abundance.
Nature has taken over and it does look good.
Ground level.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...psd553c2e6.jpg
Heater / Ventilation ducts.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps83c45cb6.jpg
Water inlet.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...psb96ed514.jpg
Fully furnished!
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...psf58cf8ea.jpg
Supports.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps53cf08d0.jpg
Big blower!
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps01fb093c.jpg
Dodgy flooring.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...psf8a2b263.jpg
Wash and go!
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps59bb9507.jpg
More blowing! Well it is Yorkshire so it got cold!
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps76a69eaa.jpg
Pharms.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps7ab20a40.jpg
Offices.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps20ef5cfc.jpg
Caster fans.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps54599f1a.jpg
Factory Floor. Most was too overgrown to cross without a machete.
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...ps57065091.jpg
http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y16...psdcb2bc75.jpg
© 2008-2015. Photographs and text are copyright and the property of the poster unless otherwise stated, and should not be used without express written permission.
Any opinions stated by users of this forum are NOT those of the site owners, each poster takes FULL responsibility for their own posts.


All products essential to the activity of a discount store.
Ideal for all professional discount, exporter or wholesalers, resellers or … fairground.
This lot are an excellent value compared to the market price report. Rates from 189 euros / palette to a minimum of 90 pallets.
Pallets primarily from litigation transport.
To request a listing on the National or export, please contact the sales department on (33) 02 46 56 50 40 or by e-mail.


Population Density: 65.5 per sq km.
Capital: Edinburgh Population: 453,400 (estimate 2000).
Geography : Scotland is situated in the north of the United Kingdom.
The country consists of the southern Lowland area, a region of moorland and where most of the population is concentrated and the northern Highlands, dominated by the Grampian Mountains and Ben Nevis (1344m or 4140ft), the highest mountain in the British Isles. The exceedingly beautiful coastline is indented with lochs (particularly in the north and west). Off the west coast there are a number of islands, the largest of which are Skye and Lewis, the latter being part of the Outer Hebrides. The Orkney and Shetland Islands lie to the northeast of the mainland, across the Pentland Firth from John O'Groats.
Government : Following elections in May of 1999, Scotland was granted its first parliament in over 300 years. The new Scottish Parliament has a considerable degree of autonomy, as shown by its tax-raising powers. The UK government maintains control on defence and foreign policy.
Language : English. Gaelic is spoken by some, mostly in the West and Highlands.
Religion : Mostly Protestant (Church of England), but many other Christian denominations also: Roman Catholic, Church of Scotland, Baptist, Methodist and other churches. There are sizeable Jewish, Hindu and Muslim minorities.
Time: GMT (GMT + 1 hour from last Sunday in March to Saturday before last Sunday in October).
Electricity : 240 volts AC, 50Hz. Square three-pin plugs are standard.


The GETT Expo is your opportunity to show hundreds of girls just how exciting STEAM careers can be! Showcase your industry or resources to over 800 girls in grades 5-10 along with their parents and educators. Meet and talk with the girls at your table to help them understand STEAM careers through a hands-on activity. Be the real-life successful woman who shows them how careers in STEAM are fun, in-demand and can give them the opportunity to help others and change the world!
* 1. Please fill in the below information.
* 2. What kind of organization are you?
* 3. How did you find out about GETT?
* 4. How many tables will you need?
* 5. Access to one standard electrical plug is $25 due to limited availability and must be reserved prior to the event.
Yes, please add $25 to my registration fee.
No, I will not require access to electricity at my Expo Table.
* 6. Please include a brief description of your hands-on activity. If you have not chosen an activity yet, please give as much info as you can about your activity ideas. The title and description of your activity are due no later than Friday, February 1st, in order to be included in the Event Program.
* 7. Is your organization interested in becoming an official sponsor of the GETT 2019 event? One Expo table is included at each sponsorship level.
Yes, please contact me to describe my sponsorship options!
No thanks, we just want to exhibit.
Thank you for registering for the GETT 2019 Expo! If you have selected your Expo Table(s), an invoice will be sent to you via email. If you have requested more information about customized table space or sponsorships, you will be contacted by a member of the Expo Committee shortly. In the meantime, if you have any questions, please contact Tracey Oberholtzer (toberholtzer@ccedcpa.com) or Susan Boardman (sboardman@dasd.org).


a week ago, i was lookin for some cool stuff at a local fleamarket when i got attracted by a leather racing pant in a booth. what i finally got was way way way better than a vintage race pant. i started to talk with the guy about leathers, then motorcycle, he finally told me that Flat Track was his life, he was racing the nationals in expert. Mike had to give up on his sweet dreams just few weeks before passing pro, due to a bad crash on the oval. Broken pelvis in 4 pieces and some seriously hard pain. "oh yeah u were racing shorttracks in the 70's ! is there a chance u have some photos from the glory past ?" "oh yes i got copies..." wow, i almost collapsed. the photos were very powerfull, and the guy Mike show some serious agressive riding style. i couldn't stop watchin every details on the copies. Mike was proud of that and he sure can, cuz it seems to me that this guy was rulin back in the 70's. He made my day. check out those amazing old photos, thanks to Mike Parr for sharing.


The Park-Rec. Winter Activities Brochure is available November 15 online or may be picked up at the Park-Rec. Office, local banks and fitness centers, and the Decorah Public Library.
Register by going to https://parks.decorahia.org and click on the Online Registration & Activities Info button. Credit and debit card payments are only accepted online. If you don't have computer access, we are still accepting registrations by mail or in person at the Park-Rec. Office, but payment must be made by check or cash.


text:
package net.bytebuddy.description.type;

import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;

public class TypeDescriptionArrayProjectionTest extends AbstractTypeDescriptionTest {

    @Override
    protected TypeDescription describe(Class<?> type) {
        return TypeDescription.ArrayProjection.of(new TypeDescription.ForLoadedType(type), 0);
    }

    @Override
    protected TypeDescription.Generic describeType(Field field) {
        return TypeDefinition.Sort.describe(field.getGenericType(), TypeDescription.Generic.AnnotationReader.DISPATCHER.resolveFieldType(field));
    }

    @Override
    protected TypeDescription.Generic describeReturnType(Method method) {
        return TypeDefinition.Sort.describe(method.getGenericReturnType(), TypeDescription.Generic.AnnotationReader.DISPATCHER.resolveReturnType(method));
    }

    @Override
    protected TypeDescription.Generic describeParameterType(Method method, int index) {
        return TypeDefinition.Sort.describe(method.getGenericParameterTypes()[index],
                TypeDescription.Generic.AnnotationReader.DISPATCHER.resolveParameterType(method, index));
    }

    @Override
    protected TypeDescription.Generic describeExceptionType(Method method, int index) {
        return TypeDefinition.Sort.describe(method.getGenericExceptionTypes()[index],
                TypeDescription.Generic.AnnotationReader.DISPATCHER.resolveExceptionType(method, index));
    }

    @Override
    protected TypeDescription.Generic describeSuperClass(Class<?> type) {
        return TypeDefinition.Sort.describe(type.getGenericSuperclass(), TypeDescription.Generic.AnnotationReader.DISPATCHER.resolveSuperClassType(type));
    }

    @Override
    protected TypeDescription.Generic describeInterfaceType(Class<?> type, int index) {
        return TypeDefinition.Sort.describe(type.getGenericInterfaces()[index], TypeDescription.Generic.AnnotationReader.DISPATCHER.resolveInterfaceType(type, index));
    }

    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public void testIllegalArity() throws Exception {
        TypeDescription.ArrayProjection.of(mock(TypeDescription.class), -1);
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API suffers a bug that affects parsing of type variable bounds")
    public void testTypeVariableU() throws Exception {
        super.testTypeVariableU();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API suffers a bug that affects parsing of type variable bounds")
    public void testTypeVariableV() throws Exception {
        super.testTypeVariableV();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API suffers a bug that affects parsing of type variable bounds")
    public void testTypeVariableW() throws Exception {
        super.testTypeVariableW();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API suffers a bug that affects parsing of type variable bounds")
    public void testTypeVariableX() throws Exception {
        super.testTypeVariableX();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API does not currently support owner types")
    public void testTypeAnnotationOwnerType() throws Exception {
        super.testTypeAnnotationOwnerType();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API does not currently support generic receiver types")
    public void testGenericTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnMethod() throws Exception {
        super.testGenericTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnMethod();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API does not currently support generic receiver types")
    public void testGenericNestedTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnMethod() throws Exception {
        super.testGenericNestedTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnMethod();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API does not currently support generic receiver types")
    public void testGenericNestedTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnConstructor() throws Exception {
        super.testGenericNestedTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnConstructor();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API does not currently support generic receiver types")
    public void testGenericInnerTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnConstructor() throws Exception {
        super.testGenericInnerTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnConstructor();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API does not currently support generic receiver types")
    public void testGenericInnerTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnMethod() throws Exception {
        super.testGenericInnerTypeAnnotationReceiverTypeOnMethod();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    @Ignore("The Java reflection API does not currently support nested non-generic types")
    public void testTypeAnnotationNonGenericInnerType() throws Exception {
        super.testTypeAnnotationNonGenericInnerType();
    }
}


text:
Meninga: I wish I could have had a second season with Saints
Australia head coach Mal Meninga with captain Cameron Smith (left )during the Ladbrokes Four Nations Press Conference at Anfield, Liverpool. Meninga would regularly attend football games at Anfield during his spell with St Helens
Published: 10:41 Monday 21 November 2016
The sight of 40,000 fans packed into Anfield for the Four Nations Final between Australia and New Zealand on Sunday was nothing new to Kangaroos' head coach Mal Meninga.
The legendary centre had seen it all before in the 1984-85 season when he wowed supporters in the North of England wearing the famous red vee Saints' shirt.
Mal Meninga during his fondly-remembered season with St Helens
He also found time during his stay at Knowsley Road to motor down the East Lancashire Road to watch Liverpool at the peak of their power and was able to identify closely with one of their stars of the time, Craig Johnston - born in South Africa to Australian parents - who won league, cup and European Cup medals during his glittering Anfield career which stretched from 1981 to 1988.
Might Mal, who plundered 28 tries in 31 games as success-starved Saints won both the Lancashire up and the end-of-season Premiership Final, said: "I loved my time living and playing at St Helens.
"I used to come down to Anfield, which is just down the road, quite a lot when I wasn't playing, to watch Liverpool play.
"Craig Johnston, the Aussie midfielder, was there and carving it up and we became good friends. I also became friendly with other players at the club and it is something which I will remember for the rest of my days.
He added: "Liverpool were the leading lights at the time and some of their players also watched me play at Knowsley Road.
"Unfortunately, I broke my arm and couldn't go back and play for a second season, but it's a time I look back fondly upon."


The good news about travelling with diabetes is that it no longer has to be a barrier.
By taking the proper precautions, you can explore the world without hindrance and enjoy all the new sights and experiences that travel has to offer.
However, that doesn't mean that travelling with the condition can be free of thought.
Unfortunately, there are several things to take into account before heading off on your South American holidays — things that, sadly, other people don't need to give a second thought to before jetting off.
That is the case with so many aspects of life with type one diabetes: planning is a necessary part to living both happily and safely.
There is plenty to take into account when planning a South America trip for those who suffer with the condition, and this list is by no means a comprehensive collection of everything to consider.
However, we do think these five examples are all extremely important and we hope anyone travelling with diabetes finds this list helpful.
Always ensure that you are prepared for the worst-case scenario.
This means doing research to find out where your nearby hospitals are in case of an emergency and ensuring that they are suitable for your needs — for example, in the case of the need for paediatric diabetes care.
Also, another vital thing to consider is your travel insurance. Make sure that you are covered in case you need any emergency treatment while you are away.
On a similar note, it's a good idea to contact the airline you are using in advance — preferably several weeks ahead — in order to go through the medical devices that you will need to take onto the plane.
These include things like glucose monitors and insulin pumps.
Further steps that can be taken to avoid issues at the airport include contacting the manufacturer of your insulin pump and asking for information and advice regarding taking the equipment through the screening equipment.
Finally, ensure you bring a letter from your GP explaining the necessity of all such equipment. All this must be taken as hand luggage due to the possibility of other bags being lost.
This is quite a simple point but an important one nonetheless in order to avoid any situation where you could be left short on insulin.
Alongside ensuring that you know where insulin supplies can be located as part of your research, take double the amount of insulin you need with you to avoid any issues.
Part of the reason for this is that a change in climate can often have an effect on insulin and blood glucose monitoring.
We understand that going on holiday is a time to cut loose and indulge a little – especially with the delectable cuisine being such a big part of holidays to South America – and that can still be the case.
However, it is important to remember that food does affect your insulin, so keeping track of what and when you eat is still vital in keeping your blood glucose in check.
Another good idea when you contact the airline is to ask when meal times are so you can plan your insulin around this.
Diabetes related incidents on holiday are often caused by a lack of planning.
This can be avoided through some of the things we've already mentioned, such as packing double your normal supply of insulin, but it also includes considering things like changes in time zones.
It may sound obvious but a change in time zone means you need to adapt in terms of treating your diabetes. So, work out the difference in advance and respond accordingly.


A $10,000 grant will help the Centerville-Washington Park District, along with the cities of Centerville and Kettering, Ohio, construct the Iron Horse Trail. The new bike path will eventually connect the communities of Centerville and Kettering (suburbs of Dayton) to an extensive multi-county trail network, enabling cyclists to commute by bike more easily and ride to recreation instead of driving to area paths. Our funding, a contribution from the William & Dorothy Yeck Nature Fund, and support from an area bike shop will leverage Clean Ohio Trail Funds for project construction.


Anthony Thomas Builders is experienced in locating land for your dream home. Over 25 years of, traveling throughout Waukesha & surrounding counties building strong relationships with Area Developers, Local Farmers, Municipalities and Personal friends. ATB has access to the MLS and other data bases for properties. We continue to grow our contacts and knowledge of land in Waukesha, and the surrounding municipalities.
is your …. Location, Location, Location!
There isn't a finer school system in the State. Swallow Grade School is known as one of the best schools in the State of Wisconsin. The Arrowhead High School is continuously a top school in the state for education, college preparation, athletics, arts and the wide range of activities they offer to all their students.
2. Homes shall have an exteriors consisting of natural materials, stucco, EIFS, or Hardi-plank siding.
5. Garages shall be a minimum of 576 square feet and must be side entry.
6. Construction is to be completed with-in one year from date commenced. Landscaping to be completed with-in one year of occupancy.
7. All plans, colors, exterior features, etc. subject to approval by Architectural Control Committee.
9. Lots are set up for a conventional septic system, well, underground gas, electric, telephone, cable and future walking path along the Bark River Conservancy.
A complete list of the Declaration of Restrictions can be obtained from ATB Properties Inc.
This is general information only. Prices and details are subject to change without notice.


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These cupcakes are our best bake sale solution: They're nut-, egg- and dairy-free, and almost too pretty to eat! What's more, they taste great, making them a fast favourite for kids and grown-ups alike.
Cupcakes: In large bowl, whisk together flour, brown sugar, cocoa powder, baking soda and salt.
Divide batter among 12 to 16 paper-lined muffin wells, filling each three-quarters full. Bake in 350°F oven until cake tester inserted in centres comes out clean, about 20 minutes. Transfer pans to rack to cool completely.
Unicorn Icing: Meanwhile, in separate large bowl, beat butter spread until fluffy, about 1 minute. Slowly beat in icing sugar until smooth. Beat in coconut beverage, vanilla and salt. Add more icing sugar and coconut beverage if necessary to achieve desired texture.
Tip from The Test Kitchen: The yield of this recipe will depend on the size of your muffin pan, and also how long the baking soda and vinegar have been left to react with each other before they get to the oven. If you have extra batter, line four more muffin cups or bake a second round once the first cupcakes are done.
Makes 12 to 16 cupcakes.


Founded in 1998, the festival has grown into an established week-long celebration of the arts, featuring music, talks, drama, visual arts and guided walks in venues across the city.
This year's programme includes musical performances from The Royal Choral Society, Winchester Cathedral Chamber Choir, the Castalian Quartet and the Tallis Scholars, as well as talks from renowned broadcaster and author Andrew Marr and former Monty Python stalwart and television globetrotter, Michael Palin.
Winchester Cathedral Chamber Choir consists of over 30 singers with a Cathedral connection, directed by Assistant Director of Music at the Cathedral, George Castle. Their programme (Friday 5th, Cathedral Quire), much of which is unaccompanied, includes some of the greatest Spanish and Portuguese composers; the Choir will be joined in some of them by guitarist, Joseph Ingle.
Michael Palin has been in the limelight since 1969, when he was one of the founding members of Monty Python. Subsequently he has written and presented numerous television programmes, mostly on travel and, on Saturday 13th in the Guildhall, he will tell the story of HMS Erebus, a sailing vessel which was abandoned in 1848, the wreck of which was discovered at the bottom of the sea in the frozen wastes of the Canadian Arctic in 2014.
Winchester Festival would like to thank its 2019 Gold Festival Donors and Sponsors for their support for this year's festival: Carter Jonas, Friends of Music in Winchester, Godwins Solicitors, Rathbone Investment Management and The Roger and Ingrid Pilkington Trust.


Knock knock. Is this thing on? Anybody out there?
Seriously how y'all doin'? Things have been kinda busy for me - well, it seems to be a bit epidemic with a lot of bloggers here lately based on the number of "I'm taking a break posts" I've been seeing for a few months - even from some of the bigger bloggers. I blame it on spring fever. Or maybe it's just simply life. I sometimes wonder if my bloggy friend Holly, who I dearly miss, and who predicted blogs would soon sort of fizzle away, wasn't right after all!
Well, it's spring, and I've been busy in the yard of course. There was all that raking that comes with the spring shedding oaks here, and we actually still probably have one final sweep to make, though I think they are pretty much finished falling... finally! Most of the leaf burning neighbors in my general vicinity, including the ones next door, stopped burning leaves this spring, some I guess because I canvassed the neighborhood, others, like the ones next door I don't know why... but I'm not questioning it either, I'm just grateful.
There have been a few people like the fella above there, who continued to burn anyway even after I talked to them about the breathing problems it caused me. That coward set these two small piles on fire and then took off and left them smoldering all day. Someone else I talked to was burning at night a few doors down a couple of times, and I'm sure there will continue to be burning since it's not illegal here, but I know karma will get them. She always does. And I am gonna keep on fighting it.
In anticipation of the leaf burning/pollen season - and the fact that 8 out of 10 times when I step out my backdoor, I am assaulted by the odor of cigarette smoke from the chain smokers who live around me, I bought a Honeywell indoor air cleaner . This little piece of technology has truly been a life saver quite literally, even for when my husband comes home toting third-hand cigarette smoke on his hair and clothes. Yes, even third hand smoke transferred onto somebody else causes me lung pain. I know that with me, it's a chemical issue, and all I can say is there must be some seriously dangerous chemicals in some cigarettes these days. The first air cleaner I ordered made such an immediate difference in the air quality and in my ability to breathe deeply, and within only about 5 minutes of turning it on, I immediately ordered a second unit for my bedroom!
As far as the garden, my roses bloomed out, but now they are looking kinda sickly. I only planted a few pots of annuals for a bit of color out front, and nothing in the ground. I transferred some oriental lillies from the back garden to the front and moved three lantana plants from one place in the yard to another, but I didn't plant a single new flower other than the potted annuals. The dollar weed - and those horribly painful sticker weeds - were taking over the backyard again, so I had no choice but to put down weed and feed.
On the veggies this year, I raised a few plants from seed but had some bell pepper seeds that never came up, so I bought a few small seedlings of those. In the garden I currently have about a dozen tomatoes of different kinds, bell peppers, jalapenos, a couple of lima beans, cucumbers, green beans, corn, okra, and watermelon, along with rosemary, oregano, mint, basil, flat leaf parsley, sage, and even some cilantro, which I am trying to learn to like this year. Out of all of this, it'll be interesting to see what I manage to not kill, or give up to the bugs, or to the heat this year!
I'm guessing on all of this of course, but I already saw what appeared to be slug damage on my Meyer lemon tree, Japanese beetles skeletonizing a few of my okra plants, flea beetle damage on some tomato leaves, and maybe leaf hopper damage on my Canna Lilies, so while I didn't really want to, I had to break out the bug stuff already. Same story every year - weeds and bugs. Followed by heat, and we've already had quite a drought in April with less than 1/2-inch of rain, while our neighbors to the north have suffered through horrible storms and now, coming floods along the Mississippi River.
We are also in the midst of planning a big family vacation to Disney later in the year, and if you've ever been, you know there's been lots to do to plan for that! The Cajun, and I are going together of course, but we're also taking my son, daughter in law and the two grandkids, so there has been figuring schedules of what we want to do when, where we want to eat and when, and of course the character meals that have to be planned for and reserved months in advance.
My daughter in law is going all out too - scouting costumes and themed clothing from Etsy shops for everything we're doing with the kids, including prince and princess costuming for Cinderella's Royal Table and chef outfits for Chef Mickey. We're doing T-Rex at Downtown Disney and Disney Quest, and the luau at the Polynesian, Rain Forest Cafe at Animal Kingdom, all the parks and Typhoon Lagoon too, of course. Somehow we'll manage to squeeze in a day at Sea World, but mostly we'll be on the Disney property. This is my way of finally taking my son myself, and he gets to take his kids too, so I am so stinkin' excited y'all, I can hardly stand myself!!
I started this week to get my "farm" of cats and my one dog ready with updated shots, including bordella since they are being boarded, and scheduling boarding for everybody. For Boo and Smoky, neutering is on the schedule too. I figured it is best to get that done now too. The vet put me at ease about leaving Boo, reminding me that dogs have little sense of time and that it's the humans who suffer the absence more than the pets. I'd been stressing over leaving him because when we found him, he was only maybe 5 or 6 weeks old, and since I'd lost my job to Hurricane Katrina, I have been with him every single day of his life, 24/7 from day one. I didn't want him to grieve and think that I had gone off and died or something morbid like that! Ridiculous, I know.
Course I've still been developing recipes, cooking and creating, taking photos, writing and editing, and trying to keep up with the posts over at Deep South Dish, but the new hrecipe website coding that Google search engine recently implemented is giving favor to the bigger corporate sites, and the bigger bloggers who have the money to hire people to code their sites, has all but knocked us smaller food bloggers out of the Google search rankings for people looking for recipes. I don't mind saying I have been busting my buns for several years to get a good ranking on Google, only to have Google kick me in the face and knock me off the monkey bars. That sure took the wind out of my sails a bit.
Not that I'm one of those super ambitious food bloggers that wants to be a celebrity, go on big book tours, have my own show, brand myself across every possible product in existence, or hawk my name and site or myself across media. I'm not. While my food blog has indeed shown enough growth to draw interest from some major brands, I've actually turned down three very lucrative corporate opportunities in the past couple months.
Opportunities that many bloggers would chomp at the bit to do, and which would have given me national exposure - but for which at the stage of life I am at right now, seemed far too demanding, far too much work, far too much effort and frankly, even in exchange for proposed "fame and popularity," neither of which I care much about... I just don't really want to work that hard right now!! I did send them on to a few bloggers I thought would be a good fit for their projects though, so hopefully they will remember that.
Don't get me wrong... if the right opportunity comes along that has the right feel for me and for my readers, I'll take it, but my primary goal for my food blog is to have a nice "website cookbook," a collection of old fashioned and classic southern recipes and good cooking that people can rely on. If I have a "hook" at all, that's it. I just have no attachments to the "fame monster" is all.
I don't have a big ego. I'm not competitive. I have no desire to be famous. I don't want to be in front of a camera, have a tv show, or anything remotely like that. I am not driven by the desire to have a lot of attention or to be constantly reaching for more and never content. Been there. Done that. Bought the t-shirt. While I appreciate and I am immensely grateful for the sweet emails I receive daily from people all over the country, my goal is not to be admired, or adored or put up on any kind of pedestal. I'm simply not that special. I'm just like anybody else who loves to cook and I like to cook the good old style food. And I am working hard to do that and keep that alive.
Which is why I am also a little bit angry.
Once upon a time, I was that gal up there in the picture waving. I was younger, and blonde, and much thinner, and kinda cute, with her body. That was what I looked like about 100 years ago, and I never had a problem having a man in my life, even if he was Mr. Right Now and rarely Mr. Right. God in all his wisdom gave me strong intuition though, even for my lack of relationship skills, and he gave me a good sense of perception - though some people would say it's paranoia. My best friend and I were chatting about this subject on this very day. There is a fine line between the two I guess, this perception and paranoia, but trust me. You know when you have the first over the latter.
Once in my early 30s, when this spooky guy I had rejected was stalking me... and I'm talking about true stalking - following me, all the time, all hours of the day and night, my every movement, everywhere I went. Watching from afar. Spying on me. But perception and intuition always had me a step ahead of him. That inner voice would tell me to look outside at a certain time, and he would pass by in his car. Or I would be drawn to eyeball a dark corner in a club where I was with my friends, and there he would be. Hard as he tried to be covert, I always managed to be seconds ahead of him, and that kind of perception or intuition has always been with me.
There is a blogger I once thought well of. But soon their nature became very obviously different from what they put out there - they were annoyingly overly driven and ambitious, pushy and aggressive, grandiose and in a constant look-at-me mode of self promotion, in pursuit of all of those things of fame in a dizzying whirlwind of activity. They would say one thing was the most important thing in their life, but yet, their actions reflected the complete opposite of it. I began to see things happening with them that I knew were factual untruths and manipulation, but... not all that unusual in some aspects of the blogging community I guess, and in all honesty, the stuff of marketing these days. None of my business really.
Except that for months now this person has literally been stalking my site - never stopping to say hello. Never commenting. Never announcing their presence, but always coming by in stealth. And then in short time, I would see my work - not in recipes because all of us southerners have pretty much the same recipe box - but in the form of certain techniques and style that I knew was mine.
When you are true to your authentic self, there is a certain blueprint of you attached to what you do. It's just there - it's your style and you know it, and you know when it is taken. This is the outflow of that fame monster - what happens when you chase fame so hard, that you build an empire on an inauthentic and shaky foundation. You run out of ideas, so you have to pluck at the creativity of other less ambitious souls who have the talent, but not the drive of the fame monster. It's much easier to steal someone else's style and ideas, than it is to develop your own. I've had plenty of instances where people have blatantly stolen my work, but I think this is much worse really.
Have you ever had an instance of this in your life? How did you keep your psyche clear of the negativity associated with the knowledge?
1st, I miss Ms. Holly too and I think she's kinda right about blogging. S-L-O-W. But it will come back again, I'm just guessing, I don't have her gift.
Glad you found something effective to give you lungs a break. Folks don't really think they are harming someone else nor do they give a flip.
I'm not surprised you got offers of sponsorship, you rock and you're right the right one will come along and you'll know it.
I just left a sight where someone had taken anothers paper flower making idea and copied it....even pictures...no credit. You know the drill.....I hate this. But I just keep chanting to myself, "you can't fix stupid", mean will never go away" and "I bet your Momma is real proud of you dirtbag". Helps me not much else.
Never had a stalker except my soon to be x son in law. He's like sticky snot, has to spy on all we do here at Casa de Cuckoo.
pssssst, guess I spent more than my 2 cents huh?
I haven't been here to visit for a while so I'm glad to see you're still here--and being true to yourself. I'm sorry someone is doing this to you. I've seen it done in other places and those blogs even added donation buttons so you or I could pay for them to steal others ideas. What has this world come to? I'm not sure how those people sleep at night or look themselves in the mirror. I know I could never stand myself if I was like that. I'm glad you are breathing easier even if it's only in your house. People have no consideration for others. What goes around, comes around. I hope you and your family enjoy your Disney vacation. Take care.
Never Linda! I enjoy your 2 cents! It really has been kinda quite - even the Facebook page hasn't been as active as it was a few months back. Can't fix stupid is soooo true isn't it?
Hi Sheila! Nice to see you. :) I know, it's a sad state that so many folks don't seem to have any compassion or empathy for others these days - lets not even get into the whole morals issue!! Geez.
Ist copying a type of flattery- or some other useless euphemism..?
Stick to what you do best- because in the end, these blogs are supposed to make us happy. So many people have left blogging behind because (sadly) people have turned the internet into a medium for covert bullying.
I just happened on your site today (from googling watergate salad, no less- This northern girl misses a damn good watergate salad) and I loved what I found. Recipes, true to the author and no need to fill your blog with failed attempts at sardonic humor to "entice" the reader. Very refreshing! You will be the recipes behind my Mothers Day Brunch..!
Hope the brunch goes well - enjoy! Check out that chutney chicken salad too.


text:
The Literary Lawyer: A Forum for the Legal and Literary Communities
Archive for the 'E.M. Forster' Category
A Passage to India, E.M. Forster, jurisprudence, law, Modernist Cultures
Balance and Imbalance in E.M. Forster's A Passage to India
In Arts & Letters, Books, Britain, British Literature, E.M. Forster, Eastern Civilizaton, Fiction, History, Humanities, Jurisprudence, Law, Law-and-Literature, Literary Theory & Criticism, Literature, Modernism, Western Civilization on November 11, 2015 at 8:45 am
E.M. Forster's A Passage to India is in many ways about losing balance. Characters like Turton, Fielding, and Mrs. Moore represent centers of gravity, fixed between competing tensions and antagonistic binaries: reason and emotion, Indian and British, human and animal.
Situated between the nested oppositions, Turton, Fielding and Mrs. Moore denote compromised identity, the reconcilability of two cultures; as middle-markers they refuse rigid categorization and maintain symmetry in power relations. Instead of opening channels of communication and understanding, however, their mediating presence has tragic results: Turton goes crazy, Fielding loses hope and Mrs. Moore dies. These characters are necessary as fulcra; but when they align themselves with one binary or leave India altogether, they trouble the balance and stability of society writ large.
In a strictly separatist microcosm, they occupy the geometric center. When their positions shift, equilibrium breaks down: society becomes a mass of madness. The only go-between characters in the novel are English, suggesting that the story is a mirror held up to placate white guilt.
The demise of these characters in particular, and of Anglo-Indian relations generally, turns on the overarching, structural antinomy between reason and emotion that comes to a head during the abortive kangaroo trial. An interrogation of this antinomy and its collapse into muddledom reveals how law and justice in Chandrapore bear a systematic and determinative relation to race and gender.
The above text is adapted from an excerpt of my essay "'Mass of Madness': Jurisprudence in E.M. Forster's A Passage to India," published in Modernist Cultures, Vol. 6, No. 2 (2011). To view the full essay, you may download it here at SSRN or visit the website of Modernist Cultures.
A Passage to India, Albert Venn Dicey, Brahman Hinduism, District Collector, E.M. Forster, Goldworthy Lowes Dickinson, India, James Fitzjames Stephen, Jeremy Bentham, Mulk Raj Anand, Murray Rothbard, polycentric law, Robert Trevelyan, Rule of Law, The Untouchable, Utilitarianism, Virginia Woolf
The Oft-Ignored Mr. Turton: Part One
In Arts & Letters, Austrian Economics, E.M. Forster, Eastern Civilizaton, Economics, Fiction, Humane Economy, Humanities, Jurisprudence, Law, Law-and-Literature, Liberalism, Libertarianism, Literary Theory & Criticism, Literature, Philosophy, Politics, Western Civilization on April 12, 2012 at 7:44 am
The following originally appeared here at Libertarian Papers. Full Works Cited to appear in Part Three.
There it was. Bombay. E.M. Forster, affectionately called Morgan by his friends, hurried to the railing of the ship to get a better view. The blue sparkling water stretched out before him until it met land on the horizon where buildings and bustling communities nestled among green trees. Forster had been sailing for two weeks. He was tired and dirty. The heat bothered him. It had forced him to sleep on deck where he could catch the occasional cool breeze. His friends Robert Trevelyan and Goldworthy Lowes Dickinson, or "Goldie," were with him at the railing. The three men chirped about the welcome scene of city life. Forster breathed a sigh of relief. Here he would be liberated from the constraints of Britain. Forster achieved some celebrity after the recent publication of Howards End. This getaway would enable him to escape the public gaze. Soon he would see his friend and sometime lover Syed Ross Masood, and also his friend Malcolm Darling, who had recently attained a favorable post in the Indian Civil Service. On this autumn day in 1912, Forster did not know that his journey would inspire his best fiction yet.
Forster made two long trips to India during which he observed district collectors, local laws, and local courtrooms at work. He spent most of his time in territories ruled by Hindu maharajahs. His experiences in India suggest that his familiarity with colonial law was greater than that of the average Englishman living in India and certainly greater than that of the average Englishman living outside India. This familiarity manifests itself in A Passage to India, published in 1924. Forster's knowledge about district collectors in particular allowed him to use the character Mr. Turton as a site for critique. Nevertheless, Forster transmogrifies the district collector and the legal system in several passages in the novel.
In light of his knowledge of the colonial experience, including the colonial legal experience, Forster's rejection of verisimilitude seems intentional and not the consequence of misunderstanding. Forster allows enough actual law into the novel to ensure his and his characters' credibility, but he does not go so far as to depict the legal system as it appeared on a day-to-day basis, perhaps because the routine workings of law did not always excite. Forster gives us enough real law to make his story and characters believable, but he does not bore us with total accuracy. His hyperbolic depictions of Turton and the law invest the novel with political significance. This essay examines how Forster uses Turton to portray colonial law and rule of law discourse as dispensable flourishes of liberal ideology. It argues that Passage challenges the idea that law is universal and can be universally applied. Forster shows instead that law is entrenched in discourses of religion, race, community, and culture. To this end, he holds up Brahman Hindu as an alternative to British rule of law and to the reforming utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham. He contrasts the coercion and compulsion of rule of law to the emergent orders attendant upon Brahman Hindu. Although Forster later championed Mulk Raj Anand's novel The Untouchable (1935), which attacked the endemic injustice of the Hindu caste system, he held out Brahman Hindu as a distinctive category of Hinduism that, in its inclusivity, rejected caste and exclusionism. His was not a referential but an idealized conception of Brahman Hindu; nevertheless, the signifier "Brahman Hindu" seems less important to the novel than the concept Forster summons forth: that of spontaneous order rather than of the centralized, artificial construct of British rule of law. This order represents a polycentric system.
The characters in Passage demonstrate that the colonial encounter is too complex for grand schemes of criminal and civil law. Unlike utilitarian jurisprudence, Brahman Hindu accounts for the complicated nexus of interrelated people and processes that shape Indian society. Utilitarianism and rule of law jurisprudence are closely related, especially in the British-Indian context, and Forster rejects these braided concepts in favor of the multiplicity of Brahman. Forster extols Brahman Hindu philosophy because it exalts the variety of human experience and, unlike the despotism resulting from Benthamite utilitarianism, embraces emotion and romanticism. For Forster, a one-size-fits-all legislative calculus simply will not do.
Rule of Law and Utilitarian Jurisprudence
Outside of Forster's novel, there is not, to my knowledge, a jurisprudential school of Brahman Hindu. Yet Forster uses Brahman Hindu in a fictional medium to register an alternative to rule of law discourse. It is impossible to say whether Forster believed that an actual legal system predicated on Brahman Hindu would be viable or efficient. It is clear, however, that Forster uses Brahman Hindu in the novel to point out the insufficiencies and bigotry that rule of law discourse perpetuates. Forster may not have been literally advocating a Brahman legal system, but instead for any kind of system, like Brahman, that refused to universalize laws into ultra-rigid codes of behavior. He seems to have pointed out what Murray Rothbard recognized many years later: that Bentham's "consistent philosophical utilitarianism" is bound up with "intensified statism" that opens "a broad sluice-gate for state despotism" (49).[1]
Even if there is no jurisprudential school of Brahman Hindu, the makeup of colonial courts under the rule of the East India Company included Muslim Maulavis and Hindu Pandits who advised British magistrates on legal matters. Thus, there was a definite set of procedures, rules, and laws with which Hindu law participated.[2]
The concept of rule of law has become increasingly dubious among jurisprudents. According to John Hasnas, rule of law is the belief that "law is a body of consistent, politically neutral rules that can be objectively applied by judges" (5). Figures as wide-ranging as Carl Schmitt (McCormick 205-248) and Judith N. Shklar have criticized rule of law for the ideological freight that it carries.[3] Brian Z. Tamanaha calls rule of law an "exceedingly elusive notion" (9). Hasnas suggests that the belief in rule of law goes "a long way toward explaining citizens' acquiescence in the steady erosion of their fundamental freedoms" (5). For Hasnas, rule of law is a "powerful" and "dangerous" myth that "can command both the allegiance and respect of the citizenry" (5). Richard Posner refers to rule of law as "the central tenet and aspiration of the American legal ideology" (43), a "complex of beliefs" (45), a "body of myth" (45), and "a cornerstone of liberal polity" (45). Posner's indictments might apply not only to the American legal landscape but also to early 20th century British advocates of rule of law such as Albert Venn Dicey (1835-1922), who published some of his most influential work while Forster published his most influential novels (Dicey died in 1922, the year Forster visited India for the second time).
Dicey is perhaps best known for popularizing rule of law. He incorporated three kindred principles in his definition of rule of law. For the purposes of this essay, the first principle—"absence of arbitrary power on the part of the government" (183)—is the most instructive. This principle implicates the awkward interface between the British and their Indian subjects in Chandrapore. It pits arbitrariness and predictability against one another. Of this principle, Dicey claims, "In this sense the rule of law is contrasted with every system of government based on the exercise by persons in authority of wide, arbitrary, or discretionary powers of constraint" (184). In other words, rule of law is stable and steady whereas legal systems instituted upon flexible and case-by-case bases are too free from external controls to function smoothly or properly. Taking into account the prominence of Dicey's dissertations about rule of law, and also the fact that those beliefs are firmly rooted in utilitarian and positivist traditions of jurisprudence dating back to Bentham,[4] we may assume that Forster considered rule of law to be a product of, or justification for, colonial rule in India. If Forster did not think as much, he at least considered rule of law an apt starting-point from which to critique various formations of British imperialism. Put another way, rule of law provided Forster with a motif and theme that differed wildly from the motif and theme of Brahman Hindu that he wished to explore if not exalt. For Forster, either rule of law was a vehicle to glorify Brahman Hindu, or Brahman Hindu was a vehicle to disparage rule of law. Either way, rule of law appears in his novel like an archetypal prescription that he seeks to ward off and run down.
Forster undoes the privilege of Dicey's rule of law and instead extols the arbitrariness and variety intrinsic to Brahman Hindu. Forster even has the Muslim Aziz reflect admiringly that "Hinduism, so solid from a distance, is riven into sects and clans, which radiate and join, and change their names according to the aspect from which they are approached" (265). Hinduism, although divided into subcategories, is inclusive in nature—so inclusive, in fact, that Aziz himself could be considered Brahman by way of Godbole (265). Aziz's reflection is even more telling for its juxtaposition of the laws of Hindu states with the British legal system in Chandrapore. The problems in Hindu states were "totally different" because "here the cleavage was between Brahman and non-Brahman; Moslems and English were quite out of the running, and sometimes not mentioned for days" (265). The rulers in Hindu states are still Hindu people sharing a common culture. They are not a foreign power seeking to impose values upon an alien culture. Nevertheless, the "fissures in Indian soil are infinite" (265) such that even non-Hindus are incorporated into Hindu society. All are fused into the transcendental, absolute philosophy of Brahman. All are subject to the order—the laws—of the universe.
Whereas Dicey defends positive rules laid down by humans, Forster celebrates ordered chaos, a paradox that needs no resolution because it is the ultimate resolution. Chaos brings about order and justice; the British insistence on human-made order results in disorder and injustice. Therefore, British rule of law seems little more than a rhetorical flourish and a pretext for colonial rule, or else a grave mistake.
Forster and District Collectors in India
During the early weeks of his six-month visit to India, Forster enjoyed a country expedition, arranged by Masood, with a district collector, the local magistrate and revenue administrator. Attentive as he was, Forster must have scrutinized this collector as he scrutinized other figures he encountered (Furbank 226). Forster often recorded his observations of people and based fictional characters on those observations.[5] He even seemed at times to blur the distinction between reality and fantasy. "Forster conducted his life as if everyone lived in a novel," submits Wendy Moffat, adding that he carefully observed every occasion and subjected "even the most clear-cut matters" to interpretation (12). This trait was not lost on those who encountered Forster in India.[6] After the publication of Passage, many of these individuals saw themselves in the various characters of the novel. Forster did not even bother concealing the identity of Mr. Godbole, a Brahman whom Foster met in Lahore (Sarker 50 and Furbank 249). Godbole appears in the novel with his name and identity intact.
During his second trip to India, roughly one decade after his first trip, Forster visited with Rupert Smith, a former assistant magistrate who had since become a district collector. Smith's house, befitting his social station, was impressive. Smith was "rather proud" of this house, but was "later annoyed to see [it] vilified in A Passage to India" (Furbank 92).[7] It would, I think, be fair to say that Smith and the other collectors whom Forster observed in India served as models for Mr. Turton, the fictional collector in Passage. Forster's acquaintance with collectors suggests, at any rate, that he was at least aware of collectors' official and legal responsibilities. Forster exaggerated and ridiculed these responsibilities in the novel. His portrayals ruffled the feathers of more than a few British readers both in Britain and in India. He received, for instance, the following letter from H.H. Shipley, a gentleman recently retired from the Indian Civil Service who had read Passage with disgust:
Frankly, your Collector is impossible. There is not a Collector in India—not an English Collector—who would behave as he does. No Collector in his senses would go to the railway station to witness the arrest of a Native Asst. Surgeon. Nor would he discuss a case 'pendente lite' publicly at the Club. Nor (incidentally) do Collectors clap their hands at such meetings to enforce silence or attract attention. […] If a Collector behaved as Turton did he would be written down as a madman. And pardon me if I say that the idea of the members rising to their feet at Heaslop's entrance made me roar with laughter. In our Indian Clubs a member is a member, not a God, whether he be Collector or Merchant's Assistant. We are not such bum-suckers as that, if you will excuse the expression. (Furbank 126–27)
Shipley's take on Turton typifies the British outrage that Forster faced after the publication of Passage. Shipley's perception of Turton as a real-life figure and not as a memorable or hyperbolic creation of fiction not only fails to account for narrative technique but also points to the urgency with which British readers in India sought to counter threats to existing social and legal orders.[8]
Referred to as "the Collector" by the narrator and the other characters, Turton is an aptronymic figure in that his nickname signifies not only his job but also his "collected" demeanor. He is rich in contradiction and uniquely situated vis-à-vis the law. More or less in charge of the local government, this oft-ignored figure aspires, with limited success, to neutrality—as well he might, for the job of collector called for strategic, intercultural maneuvering. We first hear of Turton by way of three prominent Indian characters—Hamidullah, Mahmoud Ali, and Dr. Aziz—who casually discuss whether Indians and Englishmen can become friends. "Why, I remember when Turton came out first," one of the men (it is unclear which) announces, adding, "You fellows will not believe me, but I have driven with Turton in his carriage—Turton! Oh yes, we were once quite intimate. He has shown me his stamp collection." "He would expect you to steal it now," counters another. This dialogue indicates how India transforms the English; it is perhaps Forster's way of indicting the system rather than certain individuals. Forster invites readers to think of Turton as a decent man spoiled by dislocation and desensitization—as a victim, in other words—and not as an instinctively villainous oppressor. This scene also reveals the hypocrisy of the imperial legal system as manifested by a glaring double-standard: Mrs. Turton's acceptance of a sewing machine from "some Rajah or other" in exchange for running water in the Rajah's territory (4–5). The men remark that the law would not tolerate such bribing by an Indian, thus foreshadowing the law's double-standard as applied to Aziz. Read the rest of this entry »
A Passage to India, Amritsar Massacre, Brahman Hinduism, Classical Economics, District Collector, E.M. Forster, Edward Said, Emerson, India, Jeremy Bentham, Libertarianism, Mr. Turton, Murray Rothboard, Orientalism, Rule of Law, Utilitarianism, William Blake
The Oft-Ignored Mr. Turton in E.M. Forster's A Passage to India
In Arts & Letters, Austrian Economics, Book Reviews, Communication, E.M. Forster, Eastern Civilizaton, Emerson, Essays, Fiction, History, Humane Economy, Humanities, Jurisprudence, Law, Law-and-Literature, Liberalism, Libertarianism, Literary Theory & Criticism, Literature, Novels, Philosophy, Politics, Religion, Transnational Law, Western Civilization, Western Philosophy on October 17, 2011 at 11:55 am
The following post first appeared here at Prometheus Unbound: A Libertarian Review of Fiction and Literature.
A Passage to India, by E.M. Forster [trade paperback]; also made into an award-winning film.
Perhaps the most important task of all would be to undertake studies in contemporary alternatives to Orientalism, to ask how one can study other cultures and peoples from a libertarian, or a nonrepressive and nonmanipulative, perspective.
– Edward Said, Orientalism
When I asked Dr. Plauché what I should review for my first contribution to Prometheus Unbound, he suggested that I elaborate on my recent Libertarian Papers article: "The Oft-Ignored Mr. Turton: The Role of District Collector in A Passage to India." Would I, he asked, be willing to present a trimmed-down version of my argument about the role of district collectors in colonial India, a role both clarified and complicated by E.M. Forster's portrayal of Mr. Turton, the want-to-please-all character and the district collector in Forster's most famous novel, A Passage to India. I agreed. And happily.
For those who haven't read the novel, here, briefly, is a spoiler-free rundown of the plot. A young and not particularly attractive British lady, Adela Quested, travels to India with Mrs. Moore, whose son, Ronny, intends to marry Adela. Not long into the trip, Mrs. Moore meets Dr. Aziz, a Muslim physician, in a mosque, and instantly the two hit it off. Mr. Turton hosts a bridge party — a party meant to bridge relations between East and West — for Adela and Mrs. Moore. At the party, Adela meets Mr. Fielding, the local schoolmaster and a stock character of the Good British Liberal. Fielding invites Adela and Mrs. Moore to tea with him and Professor Godbole, a Brahman Hindu. Dr. Aziz joins the tea party and there offers to show Adela and Mrs. Moore the famous Marabar Caves.
When Aziz and the women later set out to the caves — Fielding and Godbole are supposed to join, but they just miss the train — something goes terribly wrong. Adela offends Aziz, who ducks into a cave only to discover that Adela has gone missing. Aziz eventually sees Adela speaking to Fielding and another Englishwoman, both of whom have driven up together, but by the time he reaches Fielding the two women have left. Aziz heads back to Chandrapore (the fictional city where the novel is set) with Fielding, but when he arrives, he is arrested for sexually assaulting Adela. A trial ensues, and the novel becomes increasingly saturated with Brahman Hindu themes. (Forster is not the only Western writer to be intrigued by Brahman Hinduism. Ralph Waldo Emerson and William Blake, among many others, shared this fascination.) The arrest and trial call attention to the double-standards and arbitrariness of the British legal system in India.
Rule of law was the ideological currency of the British Raj, and Forster attempts to undercut this ideology using Brahman Hindu scenes and signifiers. Rule of law seeks to eliminate double-standards and arbitrariness, but it does the opposite in Chandrapore. Some jurisprudents think of rule of law as a fiction. John Hasnas calls rule of law a myth. Whatever its designation, rule of law is not an absolute reality outside discourse. Like everything, its meaning is constructed through language and cultural understanding. Rule of law is a phrase that validates increased governmental control over phenomena that government and its agents describe as needing control. When politicians and other officials lobby for consolidation or centralization of power, they often do so by invoking rule of law. Rule of law means nothing if not compulsion and coercion. It is merely an attractive packaging of those terms.
British administrators in India, as well as British commentators on Indian matters, adhered in large numbers to utilitarianism. Following in the footsteps of Jeremy Bentham, the founding father of utilitarianism, these administrators reduced legal and social policy to calculations about happiness and pleasure. Utilitarianism holds, in short, that actions are good if they maximize utility, which enhances the general welfare. Utilitarianism rejects first principles, most ethical schools, and natural law. Rather than couch their policymaking in terms of happiness and pleasure, British administrators in India, among other interested parties such as the East India Company, invoked rule of law. Rule of law manifested itself as a concerted British effort to discipline Indians into docile subjects accountable to a British sovereign and dependent upon a London-centered economy. The logic underpinning rule of law was that Indians were backward and therefore needed civilizing. The effects of rule of law were foreign occupation, increased bureaucratic networks across India, and imperial arrogance.
Murray Rothbard was highly critical of some utilitarians, but especially of Bentham (see here and here for Rothbard's insights into the East India Company). In Classical Economics, he criticized Bentham's opinions about fiat currency, inflationism, usury, maximum price controls on bread, and ad hoc empiricism. Bentham's utilitarianism and rule of law mantras became justifications for British imperialism, and not just in India. A detailed study of Hasnas's critique of rule of law in conjunction with Rothbard's critique of Bentham could, in the context of colonial India, lead to an engaging and insightful study of imperialism generally. My article is not that ambitious. My article focuses exclusively on A Passage to India while attempting to synthesize Hasnas with Rothbard. Forster was no libertarian, but his motifs and metaphors seem to support the Hasnasian and Rothbardian take on rule of law rhetoric and utilitarianism, respectively. These motifs and metaphors are steeped in Brahman Hindu themes and philosophy. Read the rest of this entry »
Austrian Economics, Ayn Rand, Boom Bust Cycle, English professors, Fiction, Harold Bloom, John William Corrington, Libertarianism, Literary Theory and Criticism, Literature, Literature and the Economics of Liberty, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Marxism, Novels, Paul Cantor, Stephen Cox, Writing
Literature and the Economics of Liberty
In Arts & Letters, Austrian Economics, Book Reviews, Communication, E.M. Forster, Law-and-Literature, Libertarianism, Literary Theory & Criticism on February 5, 2011 at 10:53 pm
Recently Jeffrey Tucker, editorial vice president of the Ludwig Von Mises Institute, interviewed me about capitalism, the free market, and literature. We discussed, among other things, Marxism in literature and humanities departments. Just days later, a review titled "Marx's Return" appeared in the London Review of Books. That shows how relevant my interview was and is. The interview is below:
jurisprudence, Shad Saleem Faruqi
Jurisprudence: East vs. West or East and West?
In Arts & Letters, Communication, E.M. Forster, Eastern Civilizaton, Islamic Law, Jurisprudence, Legal Education & Pedagogy, Literary Theory & Criticism, Pedagogy, Politics, Rhetoric, Rhetoric & Communication, Western Civilization, Writing on December 29, 2010 at 6:53 pm
Today in the Malaysia Star, Shad Saleem Faruqi published "In law, West is not really best," an article arguing that the fundamental paradigms of legal pedagogy in Malaysia remain Western. Faruqi laments this fact and declares that despite years of experimentation, legal education "today is as much a colonial construct as it was during the days of the raj." Read the rest of this entry »
A Passage to India, Brahman Hinduism, E.M. Forster, John Hasnas, Libertarianism, Murray Rothbard, Rule of Law
The Oft-Ignored Mr. Turton: The Role of District Collector in A Passage to India
In Arts & Letters, Austrian Economics, E.M. Forster, Jurisprudence, Law-and-Literature, Legal Education & Pedagogy, Libertarianism, Literary Theory & Criticism, Politics, Religion, Writing on December 23, 2010 at 2:43 pm
Click here to read my latest law-and-literature article. Below is the abstract for the article, which appears in Libertarian Papers:
E.M. Forster's A Passage to India presents Brahman Hindu jurisprudence as an alternative to British rule of law, a utilitarian jurisprudence that hinges on mercantilism, central planning, and imperialism. Building on John Hasnas's critiques of rule of law and Murray Rothbard's critiques of Benthamite utilitarianism, this essay argues that Forster's depictions of Brahman Hindu in the novel endorse polycentric legal systems. Mr. Turton is the local district collector whose job is to pander to both British and Indian interests; positioned as such, Turton is a site for critique and comparison. Forster uses Turton to show that Brahman Hindu jurisprudence is fair and more effective than British bureaucratic administration. Forster's depictions of Brahman Hindu are not verisimilar, and Brahman Hindu does not recommend a particular jurisprudence. But Forster appropriates Brahman Hindu for aesthetic and political purposes and in so doing advocates a jurisprudence that does not reduce all experience to mathematical calculation. Forster writes against the Benthamite utilitarianism adopted by most colonial administrators in India. A tough figure to pin down politically, Forster celebrates the individual and personal relations: things that British rule of law seeks to suppress.
E.M. Forster, Shakespeare
Shakespeare and Forster
In Arts & Letters, E.M. Forster, Law-and-Literature, Legal Education & Pedagogy, Literary Theory & Criticism, Shakespeare on June 17, 2010 at 3:35 pm
On SSRN, I've posted abstracts for articles on E.M. Forster and William Shakespeare. The Forster abstract is available here. The Shakespeare abstract is available here.
Floating Signifiers
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