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Irish Elections: Geography, Facts and Analyses
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Estimating 2011 General Election seats levels using new Constituency Commission 2012 election boundaries
Posted on July 6, 2012	by Adrian Kavanagh
Adrian Kavanagh, 6th July 2012
Last month's Constituency Commission report and the decision to reduce the number of Dail seats by 8 will have a profound impact on the result of, and the number of seats won by different parties at, the next general election. But what would the result of last year's general election have been had these boundaries been in place for that contest. Similar to Sean Donnelly's analysis on electionsireland.org this analysis suggests that the extent of Fianna Fail losses in that election would have been tempered somewhat and that Labour and independents would have been the groupings most disproportionately affected in terms of lower seat levels. Unlike Sean Donnelly's analysis, which exclusively uses the figures for the old constituency units, this analysis is based on amended constituency support figures taking account of party support level changes arising from movements of territory in and out of constituencies based on tally figures/educated guesstimates of such support figures.
Donegal (5 seats): The new five-seat Donegal constituency area largely comprises of an amalgamation of the old Donegal North East and Donegal South West constituencies, encompassing all of the Donegal county territory with the exception of the southern part of the county (including Bundoran, Ballyshannon and Ballintra) which now is part of the new four-seat Sligo-Leitrim constituency.
Sligo-Leitrim (4): The recreation of the four-seat Sligo-Leitrim constituency has been facilitated by the addition of the aforementioned part of south Donegal as well as a significant part of west Cavan (resulting in the remaining part of Cavan-Monaghan becoming a four seat constituency). This part of west Cavan includes part of the local bases of former Fianna Fail minister, Brendan Smith, and Fine Gael candidate, Peter McVitty, meaning that there would have been strong levels of support for these parties in this area relative to the rest of the Cavan-Monaghan constituency.
Cavan-Monaghan (4): A significant chunk of west Cavan has been moved in to the new, or rather re-created, Sligo-Leitrim constituency, as discussed above, and the remaining part of Cavan-Monaghan loses a seat and now becomes a four seat constituency. Former Fianna Fail minister, Brendan Smith, and Fine Gael candidate, Peter McVitty, were both especially strong in this area – McVitty would lose a very large percentage of his first preference votes as a result although Smith would not have been effected to the same degree as he was able to pick up a party vote in the rest of Cavan county as the only Cavan-based Fianna Fail candidate contesting this constituency in the 2011 election. Sinn Fein's Kathryn Reilly would lose out on some votes, but not to the same extent as Smith and McVitty, while candidates based in east Cavan and especially Monaghan county would be less effected in terms of lost votes by this boundary change.
Mayo (4): Mayo loses most of the Ballinrobe electoral area to Galway West and loses one of its five Dail seats in the process. Candidates with bases in the southern part of the constituency, such as Michael Ring, Lisa Chambers, John O'Mahony and Enda Kenny, would be most affected by these changes.
Galway West (5): The inclusion of part of south Mayo, as discussed above, within this constituency encompasses a significant increase in the overall Fine Gael share of the vote in this constituency and would have made it easier to win a second second seat in this constituency than it was in the actual contest.
Galway East (3): The constituency has lost a signficiant chunk of territory in eastern and north-eastern Galway county to the new Roscommon-Galway constituency, including Ballinasloe town as well as other areas such as Glenamaddy and Ballygar. The constituency now once again becomes a 3-seat constituency (it was a four seat constituency in the 2011 election and indeed had been at the 1997 and 2002 elections also), meaning that the share of the vote required to reach the quota increases from 20% to 25%. The extent of the area being moved out is quite significant, amounting to almost one fifth (c.18%) of all the votes that were cast in this constituency in the 2011 contest. Candidates who polled strongly in Ballinasloe Town, as well as the more rural parts of eastern and north-eastern Galway, lose a significant amount of their first preferences arising from this boundary change.
Roscommon-Galway (3): Significant changes here. While all of Roscommon county – formerly part of the Roscommon-South Leitrim constituency – remains intact, the south Leitrim area has been reunited with the rest of that county in the new Sligo-Leitrim four-seater, with north-eastern and eastern parts of the Galway East constituency (as discussed above) now being amlgamated with Roscommon to create the new three-seat constituency. Candidates in the old Roscommon-South Leitrim who would lose a signficant proportion of their 2011 first preference votes due to this boundary change of course includes the Leitrim-based candidates (all of whom would be highly unlikely to contest the new constituency and would be contesting Sligo-Leitrim if they are candidates at the next election).
Kerry (5): The new five seat Kerry constituency is comprised in its entirety of the Kerry county area and basically involves an amalgamation of the old three seat Kerry North and Kerry South constituencies, with the part of western Limerick that was joined with Kerry North in the 2007 boundary revisions now being moved back to join with the rest of the Limerick constituency.
Limerick (3): The Limerick constituency (re)gains the part of western Limerick lost to Kerry North-West Limerick in the 2007 revisions, but loses most of the areas of eastern Limerick gained from the Limerick City in those same revisions; as such the constituency area is again quite similar to that of the old Limerick West constituency. These changes will shift the focus of this constituency somewhat westwards and will no doubt favour candidates with local bases in this part of the constituency.
Limerick City (4): Just as the aforementioned boundary changes mean that the Limerick constituency now more closely resembles the old Limerick West constituency, the transfer of territory in rural areas close to Limerick City out of the Limerick constituency and into the Limerick City constituency means that the latter constituency now more closely resembles the old Limerick East constituency.
Cork North West (3): The boundary changes here involves the return of electoral divisions which had been moved out of the constituency into Cork North Central in the 2007 Constituency Commission report.
Cork North Central (3): The focus of this constituency shifts to a decidedly more urban one, with a significant part of the south-western part of Cork City being moved into the constituency from Cork South Central, while four electoral divisions in the more rural (Cork County) part of the constituency are being moved out of the constituency and returned to Cork North West as is discussed above.
Cork South Central (4): This constituency is losing a seat in these boundary revisions as well as the north-western corner of the constituency (south-western parts of Cork City) to Cork North Central, as noted above. The loss of a seat would be of most concern to Fianna Fail, given that the party took the last of the five seats in this constituency at the last election.
Waterford (4): A slight territory transfer into the constituency of the electoral divisions in north-western Waterford that had been part of the old Tipperary South constituency means that this constituency now comprises of the entire Waterford county territory.
Tipperary (5): This new constituency unit comprises of most of the territory covered by the two three-seat Tipperary constituencies, Tipperary North and Tipperary South, but with the exception of the Waterford electoral divisions that were included in Tipperary South and the south Offaly electoral divisions that were added to the Tipperary North revisions, in addition to the a significant chunk of north Tipperary which now joins the south Offaly area in the new three seat Offaly constituency.
Offaly: In the absense of publicly-available tally figures and mindful of the fact that voters in the old two-county Laois-Offaly constituency generally tended to support candidates from their own counties, based on vote trends for Offaly-based candidates in the 2011 contest we can suggest that there were relatively strong support levels for Fianna Fail and Fine Gael in Offaly, resulting in the election of Barry Cowen and Marcella Corcoran-Kennedy in that contest, while support levels for Sinn Fein and Labour would not have been as strong as in the rest of the constituency due to the candidates for these parties having been from the Laois end of the constituency. The most striking factor here was the strong support levels for Offaly-based independent candidates – most of the independent candidates in this constituency hailed from Offaly, including the better supported independent candidates (John Leahy, John Foley, Eddie Fitzpatrick) – with the combined level of support for Offaly-based independents amounting to 18.5% of the total votes cast in this constituency (and probably between 30% and 35% of the votes cast in Offaly alone). This would suggest a strong challenge from independents for one of the three seats in this new constituency.
Laois (3): Strong support for Portlaoise-based Fine Gael chairman, Charlie Flanagan, in addition to relatively strong support levels for Fianna Fail Laois-based candidates Sean Fleming and John Maloney, in Laois-Offaly in the 2011 contest suggests that there is a good support base for Fine Gael and Fianna Fail in this constituency that would be sufficient to allow these parties their Laois seats at the next election unless there is a significant swing of support away from either of these parties. With their candidates being based in Laois, both Labour and Sinn Fein would have polled better in the Laois part of the Laois-Offaly constituency in 2011, with Sinn Fein TD, Brian Stanley, likely to have won a somewhat larger amount of Laois votes than Labour's John Whelan.
Kildare South (3): The loss of electoral divisions in the south-western part of the constituency to the new Laois three-seater has been compensated for somewhat by the gaining of electoral divisions in the north-western part of Kildare county from Kildare North. In turn, this has shifted the focus of this constituency decidedly more northwards.
Kildare North (4): The area being moved out of this constituency into Kildare South is relatively small (with just under 1,500 votes cast in this area in 2011). The late Michael Fitzpatrick (Fianna Fail) would have polled especially well in the areas affected, as also would have Fine Gael's Bernard Durkan and Labour's Emmet Stagg.
Dublin Fingal (5): The old Dublin North constituency (the fastest growing constituency in Ireland based on 2011 Census figures) gains an extra seat – and a new name! – in these boundary revisions with the return of the Airport, Dubber, Kilsallaghan and Swords-Forrest electoral divisions from Dublin West and the Balgriffin, Portmarnock North and Portmarnock South electoral divisions from the old Dublin North East constituency. As Fianna Fail's Darragh O'Brien was the candidate who was next in line after the successful candidates in Dublin North in 2011 and as his running mate, Michael Kennedy, sees the return of part of his Swords base in the same vein to how O'Brien's chances are improved by the return of Portmarnock, Fianna Fail would entertain strong hopes to winning this extra seat. The increase in the number of seats would also offer potential for the Green Party to regain its seat here, especially if the party can muster a strong performance in the local elections in Fingal. The incumbents' hopes of retaining their seats are of course also improved by the addition of an extra seat, pushing down the share of the vote required to reach the quota from 20.0% to 16.7%. The return of the western part of Swords Town will further assist Clare Daly (Socialist Party-United Left Alliance) in retaining the seat she won for the first time in 2011, while another first time deputy, Fine Gael's Alan Farrell, will benefit from the return of Portmarnock.
Dublin Bay North (5): This new constituency is effectively an amalgamation of the old three-seat Dublin North Central and Dublin North East constituencies, but with the loss of the Balgriffin and Portmarnock areas to the new Dublin Fingal constituency. This effectively means a loss of a seat here and it may well be Labour who loses out, as the party would find it difficult to retain their three seats here even on their 2011 support levels. The creation of a five seat constituency does also present an opening for parties who did not win seats in the old Dublin North East and Dublin North Central to win seats. The combined Fianna Fail vote across the two constituencies would have given the party a chance of retaining a seat in 2011 had these boundaries been used then, while this new constituency also offers Sinn Fein hopes of a gain here.
Dublin North West (3): The low population per Dail deputy ratio in this constituency is addressed by the transfer in of the Drumcondra area into this constituency from Dublin Central, amounting to a transfers in of an area equivalent to a population of just over 11,500. Given the association between this area and the Ahern organisation in past elections, this may offer some hope of regaining a seat here to Fianna Fail but the inclusion of a mainly middle class area into North West also improves Fine Gael prospects of regaining the seat that the party lost here in the 1997 election.
Dublin West (4): Concerns over the political division of Swords have been addressed by means of the return of the Swords Forrest area to Dublin North, or Dublin Fingal as it is now to be known as. To make up for this loss of territory and population, the Ashtown area in Dublin Central has been moved into this constituency. This probably rebalances the constituency in favour of candidates with a base in the Castleknock part of the constituency as opposed to those who are based in the Mulhuddart area.
Dublin Central (3): In some ways, in addition to the changes that impacted on the Galway constituencies, the loss of a seat by Dublin Central was one of the bigger surprises for me associated with this Constituency Commission report. The area has lost Bertie Ahern's old bailiwick of Drumcondra (including Fagan's Pub!) to Dublin North West (a move that potentially would probably mean that a member of the Ahern family would be focusing on Dublin North West, not Dublin Central, if they were planning to contest the next election, especially given the fact that Noel Ahern was a TD for Dublin North West for a number of years up the 2011 election). The Ashtown area, including much of the local base of Fianna Fail councillor, Mary Fitzpatrick, has been moved into the Dublin West constituency.
Dublin South Central (4): Dublin South Central loses a seat, as well as the losing the Terenure area to neighbouring Dublin Bay South.
Dublin Bay South (4): The old Dublin South East retains its four seats, but the name of the constituency has been changed to Dublin Bay South and it also gains the Terenure area from neighbouring Dublin South Central. This boundary change will no doubt be of no little benefit to candidates with a base in the adjacent Rathmines, Rathgar and Ranelagh areas within this constituency, while it also renders what was already one of the more middle class constituencies in the state as being more middle class.
Dublin South West (5): In what I consider to be one of the more praiseworthy initiatives taken by the Commission in this boundary review, the Commission are now explicitly trying to avoid mismatches between general election boundaries and county boundaries, though admittedly the only case in which this change in approach had a bearing related to changes involving Dublin South West and the old Dublin South constituency. Moving an area approximating to the present day Rathfarnham local election constituency between Dublin South (now Dublin Rathdown) and Dublin South West means that the latter constituency gains an extra seat. The new boundary between these constituencies now approximates to the local authority boundary between the counties of South Dublin and Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown.
Dublin Rathdown (3): The old Dublin South constituency probably experienced the most dramatic changes in the 2012 Constituency Commission report as this former five-seat constituency lost two seats, as well as significant levels of territory in the west of the constituency to Dublin South West and in the east of the constituency to Dun Laoghaire. Given that this is traditionally one of the more volatile constituencies in the country and the effective increase in the share of the quota required to reach the quota from 16.7% to 25.0%, there will be significant pressure on the incumbents to retain their seats while there is now less scope for other parties and candidates to make a breakthrough here to gain, or rather regain, seats, including Fianna Fail and Green Party leader, Eamon Ryan. The reduction in seat numbers means that at least two of the incumbents will lose their seats here at the next general election, unless some decide to follow the territory transfers and move into Dublin South West or Dun Laoghaire to contest the next election there.
Dun Laoghaire (4): This constituency seemed likely to lose a seat in these boundary revisions but instead gained sufficient territory from the old Dublin South constituency to warrant retaining its four seats (most of this was territory that the constituency had lost to Dublin South in the 2007 revisions). Effectively, unless Ceann Comhairle Sean Barrett decides to retire at the next election, only three seats will be contested at the next contest. This effectively increases the share of the vote needed to reach the quota from 16.7% to 25.0%, putting increased pressure on the incumbents to retain their seats. But it also makes it more difficult for other parties to make a breakthrough in this constituency, including Fianna Fail who would be hoping to regain one of the two seats lost by the party in this constituency in the 2011 election although the area being returned to the constituency was a strong area for the party when this area was last part of the Dun Laoghaire constituency in the 2007 election.
Based on the considerations as outlined above, the analysis estimates that the final party seat levels in the 2011 General Election, had the 2012 Constituency Commission report general election boundaries been employed, would have been: Fine Gael 74, Labour Party 34, Fianna Fail 22, Sinn Fein 12, United Left Alliance 5, Green Party 0, Independents and Others 11.
The constituency by constituency breakdown of the newly allocated seat levels would have been as follows:
FF FG LAB SF ULA IND
Carlow-Kilkenny 1 3 1 5
Cavan-Monaghan 1 2 1 4
Clare 1 2 1 4
Cork East 2 1 1 4
Cork North Central 1 1 1 1 4
Cork North West 1 2 3
Cork South Central 1 2 1 4
Cork South West 2 1 3
Donegal 1 2 2 5
Dublin Central 1 1 1 3
Dublin Mid West 2 2 4
Dublin Fingal 1 2 1 1 5
Dublin Bay North 1 2 2 5
Dublin North West 2 1 3
Dublin Rathdown 2 1 3
Dublin South Central 1 2 1 4
Dublin Bay South 2 2 4
Dublin South West 2 2 1 5
Dublin West 1 1 1 1 4
Dun Laoghaire 2 1 1 4
Galway East 1 2 3
Galway West 1 2 1 1 5
Kerry 2 1 1 1 5
Kildare North 2 1 1 4
Kildare South 1 1 1 3
Laois 1 1 1 3
Offaly 1 1 1 3
Limerick City 1 2 1 4
Limerick 1 2 3
Longford-Westmeath 1 2 1 4
Louth 1 2 1 1 5
Mayo 1 3 4
Meath East 2 1 3
Meath West 2 1 3
Roscommon-Galway 2 1 3
Sligo-Leitrim 1 2 1 4
Tipperary 2 1 1 1 5
Waterford 2 1 1 4
Wexford 1 2 1 1 5
Wicklow 3 1 1 5
Total 22 74 34 12 5 11 158
14% 47% 22% 8% 3% 7%
Actual 20 76 37 14 5 14 166
Difference 2 -2 -3 -2 0 -3
As with all "what if" scenarios, some of the seat allocations here are open to debate, some of which I'll go through here.
Cork North Central: Billy Kelleher's strength in rural parts of Cork North Central, which would now be moved into Cork North West, along with the addition of urban areas south of the Lee, would have put more pressure on his attempts to retain his seat. This could well have amounted to a second Fine Gael seat at the expense of Fianna Fail had these boundaries been in effect, although Kelleher's closest rival for the final seat, Fine Gael's Pat Burton, was strongest in the same areas of the constituency as Kelleher was and would have been equally disadvantaged by these boundary changes.
Donegal: The combined vote for independents would have been sufficient for them to win one seat in the new Donegal five seat constituency area, but this would have been a vote fractured between one strong candidate, Thomas Pringle, and a four candidates in the old Donegal North East constituency who each won between 1,000 and 2,000 first preference votes. Pringle's own vote share in the new constituency area would have amounted to just 7% of the vote. Pringle would have been reliant on a strong transfer from other independents to stay in contention but, as transfers patterns in Laois-Offaly, where the combined independent vote had also exceeded the quota, showed, transfers from independent candidates are more likely to be shaped by local factors as opposed to amounting to independent to independent vote transfers. As such, Fine Gael would have been better placed to take a second seat here as against one seat being won by an independent candidate (Pringle).
Dublin Central: A hard one to call, especially given the lack of tally figures for this constituency. On paper this would have looked like a toss up between Maureen O'Sullivan and Mary Lou McDonald for the final seat here, but Paschal Donohoe may well have also been in the mix here given that the loss of Drumcondra and Ashtown would have been expected to impact on his number of first preference votes (it could at least be expected that Joe Costello would have topped the poll here). The destination of vote transfers from Fianna Fail would have been decisive here (although the number of these would have been reduced due to the loss of the old Ahern Drumcondra bailiwick and part of the Fitzpatrick Navan Road bailiwick) and these may well have edged the final seats towards Paschal Donohoe and Maureen O'Sullivan, but the margins between these and Mary Lou McDonald on the final count would have been very narrow. Indeed it could well have been a case of Sinn Fein taking the seat here instead of Fine Gael and Fine Gael taking the seat assigned to Sinn Fein in Dublin North-West as noted below.
Dublin Bay North: A similar scenario to Donegal in that the combined independent vote would have been higher than that of the combined Fianna Fail vote, but again Finian McGrath would have been reliant on a very good transfer from independents (although he would have accounted for a much more significant chunk of the total independent vote here, as opposed to Pringle in Donegal, especially when the transferring of Portmarnock and Baldoyle out of the constituency would have been factored in), which could not have been guaranteed, and stronger intra-party Fianna Fail transfers could well have just edged Averil Power or Sean Haughey ahead of him to take the final seat here. The big fly in the ointment here however would have been the destination of Sinn Fein vote transfers on the final count, which could well have swung the pendulum back in McGrath's favour. This really would have been a 50-50 call between Finian McGrath and Averil Power/Sean Haughey as to who would have won out here.
Dublin North West: The transfer in of territory in Drumcondra equivalent to a population of 11,506 people into the constituency would have increased Fine Gael prospects of winning a seat here at the expense of the second Labour seat or even the Sinn Fein seat, although the inclusion of this area on the other hand would have added to the number of votes won by Labour's Roisin Shortall. Again a similar case to Dublin Central, with Fianna Fail transfers likely to have had a decisive impact on the final allocation of seats, in which there would be very little between the second Labour candidate, Sinn Fein and Fine Gael in the battle for the final two seats.
Dublin Rathdown: Shane Ross (although he may have narrowly missed out on exceeding the quota on the first count here, given the reduction in seat numbers and the resultant increase of the percentage share of the vote required to reach the quota from 16.7% to 25%) and one of the Fine Gael candidates would have certainly won seats here, but it would have been a close contest between a second Fine Gael candidate and Labour (not necessarily Alex White, who may have been moved into Dublin South West following the transfer in of the Rathfarnham electoral area into that constituency) for the final seat here. Fine Gael's strong vote management, as evidenced in the party's ability to translate a support base of just over two quotas into three seats here in the actual contest, may well have shaded it for the second of their candidates. But Green Party and Fianna Fail transfers would have had a crucial impact on the result here.
Dublin South Central: The two Labour seats would have still been won although the loss of the Terenure area would have made it harder for Fine Gael to win their seat here. Effectively this would have boiled down to a head to head contest between two left-wing candidates, Sinn Fein's Aengus O Snodaigh and the United Left Alliance-People Before Profit candidate, Joan Collins, for the final seat here. I',m calling this for Joan Collins on the basis that Collins finished 740 votes ahead of O Snodaigh in the actual contest and on the basis that Michael Mulcahy (Fianna Fail) transfers would have proved crucial here and the geography of the constituency would dictate that these would have favoured Collins over O Snodaigh.
Dun Laoghaire: The areas moved (back) in from the old Dublin South constituency would have been strong Fianna Fail areas in 2007 and the inclusion of these would at least have narrowed the margin between Richard Boyd-Barrett and Mary Hanafin in the contest for the final seat here; probably not by enough to effectively erase a margin of 1,374 votes but it would have made for an especially close contest. The territory transfer could well have increased the number of Bacik votes here relative to Boyd-Barrett and – given the narrow margin between her and Boyd-Barrett on the ninth count when she was eliminated – actually seen her take a second vote for Labour here at the expense of the United Left Alliance candidate. The territory transfer would also have strengthened the position of the two Fine Gael candidates here.
Galway East: Given party support levels in this constituency, this would appear to be a straight forward enough 2 Fine Gael and 1 Fianna Fail call, but the concentrating of Labour support in eastern parts of this constituency and away from the areas being moved out would have given that party some hope of still winning a seat here.
Kerry: Fine Gael would have won two seats here and Labour would have taken one, assuming strong intra-party transfers between their candidates. The concentration of independent support in the south of the county would have ensured a strong transfer between the main independents who were all based in this part of the constituency and assured that either Michael Healy-Rae or Tom Fleming (but probably not both) took a seat here. The last seat would have involved a close contest between Fianna Fail and Sinn Fein; there would have been more Fianna Fail votes, but shared between two candidates and with some leakage expected when it came to the vote transfer between the two of these and this could have edged Martin Ferris to a narrow victory here.
Kildare South: No changes in party seat numbers probably involved in this case, but Sean Power may well have taken the one Fianna Fail seat arising from the significant loss of votes to Sean O Fearghaill in the areas in the south-west of the constituency that are being moved into Laois.
Laois: Charlie Flanagan would have topped the poll comfortably and Sean Fleming would have ensured a Fianna Fail seat, but four political parties would have enjoyed some prospects in relation to the destination of the final seat here. I'd still edge this slightly towards Sinn Fein's Brian Stanley. But Fine Gael, on the weight of total vote numbers, may well have been better placed to take a second seat here though party prospects would not have been helped by John Moran's significantly lower first preference vote tally relative to Flanagan which would have left him below the other serious contenders on the first count. While the total Fianna Fail vote would have been lower than the Fine Gael vote, the fact that Fleming and his running mate, John Moloney, were relatively close together on first preference tallies would have left Moloney somewhat ahead of Moran in terms of first preference numbers. Labour candidate, John Whelan, would have been somewhat lower than Brian Stanley in terms of votes from Laois but the addition of territory from Kildare would have increased the Labour vote here and a good transfer from Fine Gael to Labour could well have made for a close contest between Whelan and Stanley for the final seat here.
Offaly: The local/Offaly-based strength of Fianna Fail's Barry Cowen and Fine Gael's Marcella Corcoran-Kennedy would have ensured at least one seat for both of these parties, while the combined vote tally of a number of strong Offaly-based independent candidates would seem to edge the extra seat towards one of these, probably John Leahy following the return of the south Offaly area (which also would have further strengthened the Corcoran-Kennedy support base here). The big imponderable here would be the impact of the addition of the northern party of Tipperary into this constituency. Given that their 2011 candidates were both Laois-based, the 2011 vote share won by Labour or Sinn Fein in Offaly would not have sufficed to have put either of these parties into contention here.
Tipperary: Michael Lowry would have had sufficient support to win a seat here, while Fine Gael could still have expected to win two seats and Labour to win one seat. The final seat would have involved a contest between the stronger of the two Fianna Fail candidates and Seamus Healy (United Left Alliance-Workers and Unemployed Action Group). The combined vote of the two Fianna Fail candidates would have been greater than Healy's vote but some vote leakage would have arose when it came to the vote transfer from the weaker of the two Fianna Fail candidates to the stronger one. The destination of Mattie McGrath transfers would have been decisive here, while the loss of territory in north Tipperary to the new Offaly three-seater would have had an impact, probably to the disadvantage of Fianna Fail's Maire Hoctor, Fine Gael's Noel Coonan and Labour's Alan Kelly.
This analysis suggests that Fianna Fail would have won two more seats at the 2011 General Election had that election been fought on the basis of the new Constituency Commission election boundaries, despite overall seat numbers being reduced by eight. The overall reduction in seat numbers would have seen the party lose out on of their two seats in Cork South Central, but it is estimated that that party could have won extra seats in Dublin Fingal, Dublin Bay North and Sligo Leitrim. The Dublin Bay North seat could well have fallen to independent, Finian McGrath, admittedly, while more pressure would have been placed on the Fianna Fail seat in Cork North Central, but on the other hand the party would have had a strong chance of challenging for the final seats in the Tipperary and Kerry constituencies and possibly would have had an outside chance of winning another seat in the Laois constituency. The likelihood of Fianna Fail winning out in these close call contests would have, of course, been dependent on the party getting some luck in terms of vote transfers, but of course little luck was heading Fianna Fail's way in the 2011 contest.
Fine Gael would have been expected, based on this analysis, to have won one fewer seat in Cavan-Monaghan, Dublin Rathdown and Mayo but to have gained one extra seat in Dublin South West, amounting to a net reduction of two seats. The party would have also been well placed to challenge for extra seats in the new Laois and Offaly constituencies and possibly win another seat off Fianna Fail in Cork North West, arising from the territory transfers involving that constituency, while a seat gain in Dublin North West would have become a more likely prospect. However, party seats in Dublin Central and Dublin South Central, in addition to the assigned second seats in Donegal and Dublin Rathdown, would have been rendered more vulnerable by these boundary changes.
The analysis suggests that Labour would have won three fewer seats, with the party missing out on seats due to seat reductions concerning the Dublin Bay North, Dublin Rathdown and Galway East constituencies, although the party might have enjoyed some outside prospects of taking seats in the latter two should vote transfers and the order of candidate eliminations have broken favourably for Labour in these. Labour seats in Tipperary and Kerry would have been somewhat more vulnerable, although the party would have been expected to still hold these unless the vote transfer from the weaker Labour candidate to the stronger turned out to be less significant than expected.
Sinn Fein would have been expected to have gained little advantage from the boundary changes had these applied in the 2011 contest, although it may have raised the prospect somewhat of another Sinn Fein gain in the Dublin North City area (Dublin Bay North). Against that, if the boundary changes had been applied to the 2011 contest the party would have been likely to have missed out on seats won in Dublin Central and Dublin South Central due to seat losses involving these constituencies, while the party's seats in Kerry and especially Laois would have been rendered more vulnerable.
In the case of the United Left Alliance candidates, the seat prospects of the Socialist Party's Claire Daly (Dublin North) and Joe Higgins (Dublin Central) would not have been unduly affected, though boundary changes affecting Dublin West may have reduced the Higgins share of the vote there to some degree. The seats of People Before Profit's Richard Boyd-Barrett (Dun Laoghaire) and Joan Collins (Dublin South Central) would have been rendered more vulnerable, although both of these would have been likely to have narrowly taken these seats, with a similar scenario applying in the case of Seamus Healy in Tipperary. Cork North Central becoming a decidedly more urban constituency in addition to Dublin South West gaining a seat would have seen the Socialist Party's Mick Barry and Mick Murphy respectively winning a somewhat larger proportion of the quota in these constituencies but not to the extent that they would have been in contention to pick up seats.
Independent seats would have been lost out on in Donegal, Dublin Bay North, Kerry and Tipperary, as is suggested by this analysis, although the Finian McGrath seat may well have been retained as discussed above, while there would have been a strong prospect of an independent gain had the Offaly three-seat constituency been in existence at the 2011 contest.
About Adrian Kavanagh
Lecturer at the Maynooth University Department of Geography. Email: adrian.p.kavanagh@mu.ie
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most fascinating corner and to enjoy every day and every moment.
Always facing summer and sun.
From June until September enjoying the spectacular rainforest on our houseboat and come in touch with fauna and flora of Amazonian.
From September until May living in the charm of northeast Brazil, between beautiful beaches and the rhythm of brazilian music.
My wife Helena is grow up in Amazonian. She was born on the Island Marajó where she spent here childhood. In Belém, the capital city of Pará, she studied law and has worked as a lawyer until 1989, till we were move together to Recife. Together we founded ONDA BRASILEIRA, which is today more than a guest-house with nice rooms (look also our guest-house).
Between June and September is in northeast of Brazil rain season that's why we close our guest-house and move for our tourism activities to Amazonian.
Since 1995 we offer excursions on our houseboat into Amazonian. With us you can witness a spectacular journey, where the nature celebrate and unique firework of impressions.
Contact us by phone, fax or e-mail. Your contact person who speaks English, Portuguese and German is Hans Pahl.
We hope you have lots of fun browsing through our web site and it may even wake your appetite for an excursions into Amazonian.


a lot of growth and changes throughout the years and I believe with my traveling experience I can help you find the area and home that will meet your needs. I am very detail oriented and dedicated to helping others.
Overall working with the Selling South Tampa team offers a great deal of expertise that will make your home buying and selling transaction successful. I look forward to assisting buyers and sellers throughout the North Tampa area.
and my fellowship time. I enjoying helping others and doing local mission work and someday plan to do a mission trip overseas.


text:
Victor Ciorbea (f. 26. oktober 1954) var premierminister af Rumænien i 1996-98.

Han var borgmester af Bukarest 1996-97.

Politikere fra Rumænien

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
namespace base {
class FilePath;
}  // namespace base

namespace browser_sync {
class SyncBackendHost;
}  // namespace browser_sync

namespace history {
class HistoryBackend;
}

namespace invalidation {
class InvalidationService;
}  // namespace invalidation

namespace syncer {
class DataTypeDebugInfoListener;
class SyncableService;

struct UserShare;
}  // namespace syncer

namespace sync_driver {

class AssociatorInterface;
class ChangeProcessor;
class DataTypeEncryptionHandler;
class DataTypeErrorHandler;
class DataTypeManager;
class DataTypeManagerObserver;
class DataTypeStatusTable;
class GenericChangeProcessor;
class LocalDeviceInfoProvider;
class SyncPrefs;
class SyncService;

// This factory provides sync driver code with the model type specific sync/api
// service (like SyncableService) implementations.
class SyncApiComponentFactory {
 public:
  virtual ~SyncApiComponentFactory() {}

  // The various factory methods for the data type model associators
  // and change processors all return this struct.  This is needed
  // because the change processors typically require a type-specific
  // model associator at construction time.
  //
  // Note: This interface is deprecated in favor of the SyncableService API.
  // New datatypes that do not live on the UI thread should directly return a
  // weak pointer to a syncer::SyncableService. All others continue to return
  // SyncComponents. It is safe to assume that the factory methods below are
  // called on the same thread in which the datatype resides.
  //
  // TODO(zea): Have all datatypes using the new API switch to returning
  // SyncableService weak pointers instead of SyncComponents (crbug.com/100114).
  struct SyncComponents {
    sync_driver::AssociatorInterface* model_associator;
    sync_driver::ChangeProcessor* change_processor;
    SyncComponents(sync_driver::AssociatorInterface* ma,
                   sync_driver::ChangeProcessor* cp)
        : model_associator(ma), change_processor(cp) {}
  };

  virtual void Initialize(sync_driver::SyncService* sync_service) = 0;

  // Creates and registers enabled datatypes with internal SyncService.
  virtual void RegisterDataTypes() = 0;

  // Instantiates a new DataTypeManager with a SyncBackendHost, a list of data
  // type controllers and a DataTypeManagerObserver.  The return pointer is
  // owned by the caller.
  virtual sync_driver::DataTypeManager* CreateDataTypeManager(
      const syncer::WeakHandle<syncer::DataTypeDebugInfoListener>&
          debug_info_listener,
      const sync_driver::DataTypeController::TypeMap* controllers,
      const sync_driver::DataTypeEncryptionHandler* encryption_handler,
      browser_sync::SyncBackendHost* backend,
      sync_driver::DataTypeManagerObserver* observer) = 0;

  // Creating this in the factory helps us mock it out in testing.
  virtual browser_sync::SyncBackendHost* CreateSyncBackendHost(
      const std::string& name,
      invalidation::InvalidationService* invalidator,
      const base::WeakPtr<sync_driver::SyncPrefs>& sync_prefs,
      const base::FilePath& sync_folder) = 0;

  // Creating this in the factory helps us mock it out in testing.
  virtual scoped_ptr<sync_driver::LocalDeviceInfoProvider>
      CreateLocalDeviceInfoProvider() = 0;

  // Legacy datatypes that need to be converted to the SyncableService API.
  virtual SyncComponents CreateBookmarkSyncComponents(
      sync_driver::SyncService* sync_service,
      sync_driver::DataTypeErrorHandler* error_handler) = 0;
  virtual SyncComponents CreateTypedUrlSyncComponents(
      sync_driver::SyncService* sync_service,
      history::HistoryBackend* history_backend,
      sync_driver::DataTypeErrorHandler* error_handler) = 0;

  // Creates attachment service.
  // Note: Should only be called from the model type thread.
  //
  // |store_birthday| is the store birthday.  Must not be empty.
  //
  // |model_type| is the model type this AttachmentService will be used with.
  //
  // |delegate| is optional delegate for AttachmentService to notify about
  // asynchronous events (AttachmentUploaded). Pass NULL if delegate is not
  // provided. AttachmentService doesn't take ownership of delegate, the pointer
  // must be valid throughout AttachmentService lifetime.
  virtual scoped_ptr<syncer::AttachmentService> CreateAttachmentService(
      scoped_ptr<syncer::AttachmentStoreForSync> attachment_store,
      const syncer::UserShare& user_share,
      const std::string& store_birthday,
      syncer::ModelType model_type,
      syncer::AttachmentService::Delegate* delegate) = 0;
};

}  // namespace sync_driver

#endif  // COMPONENTS_SYNC_DRIVER_SYNC_API_COMPONENT_FACTORY_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Çubukçu is a Turkish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Bilal Çubukçu (born 1987), Turkish footballer
Bayhan Çubukçu (1934-2021), Turkish academician
 Ege Çubukçu
 Nimet Çubukçu (born 1965), Turkish politician and lawyer
 Ömer Çubukçu

Turkish-language surnames


Mother of Four: Happy New Year!!!
I am the world's worst blogger!!! It is now 2011 and I haven't posted anything for about 10 months-yikes!!!
So, Here's to a new year and a new resolution to be a better blogger. Happy 2011! I know this year will be better than last year.
Let me know some of your goals for the upcoming year besides the diet/exercise thing we all have going on!!!
I'm so glad you're back. Can't wait to see pics and read what has been going on with you guys! Welcome back, Sista!
Yay...I'm glad you're back to blogging :).


text:
Pioneer presents
Queen: We Will Rock You (1982)
"Let me welcome you ladies and gentlemen/I would like to say hello/Are you ready for some entertainment?/Are you ready for a show?/Gonna rock you gonna roll you/Get you dancing in the aisles/Jazz you razzmatazz you/With a little bit of style/C'mon let me entertain you."
- Freddie Mercury (performing Let Me Entertain You with Queen)
Review By: Daniel Hirshleifer
Stars: Freddie Mercury, Brian May
Other Stars: John Deacon, Roger Taylor
Director: Saul Swimmer
MPAA Rating: Not Rated for (some foul language)
B+ A A- B+ B
Queen has been a part of my consciousness for as long as I can remember. Bohemian Rhapsody, Another One Bites The Dust, Somebody To Love and more were all staples of my childhood. And not just my childhood, for scores of people love Queen and their music (in the 1990s in Britain, Queen was only second in popularity to The Beatles). Queen's live performances have always been legendary, especially because of Freddie Mercury's unwavering energy and flamboyance, but also for the sheer power the band achieved on stage. In 1981, Saul Swimmer filmed the band performing in Montreal. The result is the concert film We Will Rock You, not the best concert film ever made (that title in my book would go to Talking Heads' Stop Making Sense), but a great show to watch all the same.
Like it or not (and some fans don't), the focal point of any Queen show was Freddie Mercury. It couldn't be helped. The man had charisma to spare. And not just charisma, but boundless talent and energy. His voice was one of the best, if not the best, in all of rock. He performs every song here with passion and power (except for I'm In Love With My Car, which is performed by Roger Taylor); his focus and energy seem to bring the whole show together. Sometimes vocalists sound incredible in the studio, but horrible on stage. If anything, Freddie sounded better on stage than he did in the studio! His death was a tragedy, but at least his memory lives on with performances like these.
While Mercury was a big part of the show, that didn't mean that the rest of Queen were forgotten. On the contrary, the film makes a point of giving all the members something close to equal film time (although John Deacon gets a little less than the rest). The camera does not just rest on Mercury, and that's a good thing. Brian May is a consistently interesting and dynamic guitar player, so seeing him playing is a gift. Roger Taylor bangs away at the drums with a fervor that's only hinted at on the records, and John Deacon provides a solid foundation for the rest of the music with his bass. All three do what they can to make the show as exciting as possible, and they do it well. This film really shows how much Queen was a band, and not just Freddie Mercury with three other guys (although Queen never suffered from this as much as The Doors suffered behind Jim Morrison).
Perhaps one of the best things about the film is that it was shot just as Queen were coming off their tour for their seminal album, The Game. At that point, Another One Bites The Dust, Dragon Attack, Save Me Under Pressure, Crazy Little Thing Called Love and the title song were new, and that freshness comes off in a way that it wouldn't later on, when the band had played them to death. But because this show was filmed in the beginning of the 1980s, Queen didn't have their later, sub par 1980s material to rely on to flesh out their concerts. Instead they turned to their trusty 1970s catalogue, including Let Me Entertain You, Somebody To Love, Killer Queen, Now I'm Here, Keep Yourself Alive, Sheer Heart Attack, We Will Rock You/We Are The Champions, and, of course, Bohemian Rhapsody. This material is much better than the songs from their later albums, and so this show is a perfect mix of their best material (one could argue that such songs as Seven Seas of Rhye, Stone Cold Crazy, and You're My Best Friend should also have been included), and therefore is a great addition to a fan's collection, as well as a good introduction for a Queen neophyte.
Rating for Style: B+
Rating for Substance: A
Image Transfer Review: Finally available in anamorphic widescreen (a previous DVD release was not anamorphically enhanced; that version has a silhouette of Mercury on the cover, while this version shows the band performing), We Will Rock You looks pretty good. The picture is clear and free of any grain, specks, or marks, but sometimes certain shots looked slightly out of focus (probably a result of shooting under varying lighting conditions). Overall a very strong and pleasing picture.
Image Transfer Grade: A-
5.1 English yes
Audio Transfer Review: This is the first time where I've actually preferred a Dolby Digital 5.1 mix over a corresponding DTS mix. I don't know what it is, but for some reason the DD5.1 mix sounds crisper, and cleaner than the DTS track, as well as having more sonic detail. For some reason the DTS sounds muddy. While sometimes I haven't been able to tell the difference between a DTS and DD5.1 mix, I've never preferred the DD5.1 mix before, and it surprises me. That being said, even the DD5.1 mix sounds a bit too thin to be as impactful as it could be, with both Freddie Mercury's voice and Brian May's guitar sounding weak. Roger Taylor's drums and John Deacon's bass come in loud and clear, as do the audience.
Audio Transfer Grade: B+
Animated menu with music
Music/Song Access with 24 cues and remote access
Subtitles/Captions in English with remote access
Cast and Crew Biographies
1 Feature/Episode commentary by Director Saul Swimmer
Layers: dual
Extra Extras:
"Queendom"
Queen Discography
Extras Review: Somewhat surprisingly for a concert film, there's a director's commentary on this disc. Even more surprisingly, it's quite interesting. Saul Swimmer talks about the genesis of the project, Queen's reticence to doing it, the troubles he had to face on the stage getting cameras synced, etc. He sometimes even comments on the concert itself (he says that Queen was still a cult band in America in 1981, which seems wrong, since they already had two number one singles and a number one record). The only downside is that he sometimes stops talking for lengthy periods. Still, when he does speak, he keeps it interesting.
The disc has some other special features. There's the "Queendom," which is a map of all the places in London that are connected with Queen in some way. By clicking on them, you get a page of info, as well as a little footage of the exterior of the location. There's a photo gallery, a Queen discography, and a trivia game that should prove simple for most Queen fans.
There is a problem with this disc, by the way. The menus take forever to change. You click on a button and you have to wait what seems like ten minutes before the screen actually changes. This may vary on different players. Just a word of warning.
Extras Grade: B
We Will Rock You is a great concert show, period. They're at the height of their powers, and with a band as good as Queen, that means We Will Rock You is a must see.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Investigation on the protein-binding properties of icotinib by spectroscopic and molecular modeling method
By Hua-Xin Zhang, Hang-xing Xiong, Li-wei Li
Home / KnowledgeBase Articles / Investigation on the protein-binding properties of icotinib by spectroscopic and molecular modeling method
Hua-Xin Zhang, Hang-xing Xiong, Li-wei Li
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Icotinib is a highly-selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with preclinical and clinical activity in non-small cell lung cancer, which has been developed as a new targeted anti-tumor drug in China. In this work, the interaction of icotinib and human serum albumin (HSA) were studied by three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, ultraviolet spectra, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, molecular probe and molecular modeling methods. The results showed that icotinib binds to Sudlow's site I in subdomain IIA of HSA molecule, resulting in icotinib-HSA complexes formed at ground state. The number of binding sites, equilibrium constants, and thermodynamic parameters of the reaction were calculated at different temperatures. The negative enthalpy change (ΔHθ) and entropy change (ΔSθ) indicated that the structure of new complexes was stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals power. The distance between donor and acceptor was calculated according to Förster's non-radiation resonance energy transfer theory. The structural changes of HSA caused by icotinib binding were detected by synchronous spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Molecular modeling method was employed to unfold full details of the interaction at molecular level, most of which could be supported by experimental results. The study analyzed the probability that serum albumins act as carriers for this new anticarcinogen and provided fundamental information on the process of delivering icotinib to its target tissues, which might be helpful in understanding the mechanism of icotinib in cancer therapy.
Circular dichroism, Secondary structure, Ligand binding, Biochemistry


LNT 2 - Why now?
One of the most common questions that I get is: "Why should I bother with LNT? What has happened that makes LNT more important than just doing my own thing? If my camping/hiking techniques were good enough when I was a Scout, why aren't they good enough now? Who am I hurting, anyway?"
Yeah, yeah, I know...that was more than one question...and they DON'T always ask them with those exact words <g>. I do get a LOT of these kinds of questions... it didn't take me long to realize that we might as well address these good questions before we get into techniques. To be honest, if I had not gotten what I consider to be good answers (when I did the asking) I wouldn't be messing with LNT now.
First, a few definitions. I use the term "backcountry" to mean those lands (public or private) that would be of interest to people who enjoy the human-powered "traditional" sports like: climbing, spelunking, hiking, x-country skiing, snow shoeing, backpacking, canoeing/kayaking/rafting and tent/tarp/bivy camping. These are just examples...there ARE others. I certainly don't mean to imply that other folks (or the same folks at other times!) might not also want to make other uses (recreation, commerce, etc.) of the same chunks of land.
Since this is a Scouter's forum, I plan to confine my comments mostly to those parts of the "backcountry" that might be of interest to the majority of the Scout units out there (hiking, backpacking, etc.). More and more units are getting into other wonderful backcountry uses (ski-touring, spelunking, etc.), perhaps we can get into the special LNT considerations for these sports in later discussions.
I guess I must also add that who gets to do what to which piece of land ultimately is a legal (and therefore political) issue in our country. What laws to make and how they should look IS an interesting subject for debate, but I don't mean to start such a discussion by simply defining what I mean by the word "backcountry" <g>.
I use the term "wildlands" to mean those parts (public or private) of the backcountry that are still relatively unchanged by man. I use the term "wilderness area" to define a chunk of wildland that has been specifically set aside (protected somehow) to remain as unchanged by man as is possible.
There are other definitions for the above terms (technical, legal, etc.)...but, I like the ones I gave and this IS my posting <VBG>.
So, all that out of the way, let's look at the question of "what is happening to make us want to move programs like LNT to the front burner?"
Enough numbers...take my word that there are enough statistics out there to bury us all!
All we Scouters have to consider, really, is the fact that our Scouting program seems to work best when there is a LOT of outdoor activity. One weekend a month and a week or two each year for hi-adventure is the MINIMUM backcountry usage for many units! Let's see...there are some 40,000 Troops and a BUNCH of Venturing Crews and Varsity Teams...it gets pretty easy to see that there are a LOT of Scouts out in the backcountry!
Both are full of numbers and make their points without sensationalism. There are lots of other good articles, those two just happen to be sitting in front of me this minute (I use them as handouts when I do the longer indoor LNT sessions).
It is way too easy to dig up evidence that we are dramatically increasing our use of the backcountry <f>. The managing agencies can fill us in on the numbers of campsites, trails, and even entire areas that have been damaged to the point that they have been closed to public use. Even easier to see are the many restrictions that are being put into place in an (often vain) effort to stem the destruction (did grandpa have to put up with group size restrictions, day use limits, use permits, etc.?).
Of course, raw numbers alone don't tell the whole story.
Not only are we using the entire backcountry more and more, we are using some parts much more than others. We see the 90/10 phenomenon (10% of the land gets 90% of the use) all over the place...and, in places like Boundary Waters and many of our National Parks, it looks more like 95/5 <f>.
On top of it all, the resources to protect and maintain our backcountry are (way too often) not only failing to keep up with the increased usage, they are actually declining! We all know that many managing agencies are reducing their maintenance budgets as they try to cope with current funding limits.
I ate dinner with some managing agency friends (he/she both work in recreation management) not long after they had discovered that their organization had picked up 800 more miles of a National Scenic Trail to maintain...with a ZERO increase in budget! Definitely an interesting table conversation <g>.
Why is all this increased use happening?
One reason is that there are a LOT more of us running around now than there was in great-great-grandpa's time <g>. A lot of public/private money has been spent building roads and other conveniences that open up previously inaccessible backcountry. Outdoor equipment has improved to the point that even relatively inexperienced users can push deeper and deeper into our wildlands. We "common men" probably have as much (or more!) discretionary income (to spend on expensive outdoor toys) and discretionary time available (to play with those toys in the outdoors) than we ever have in history. A whole bunch of folks now make a living by promoting and providing backcountry fun. Backpacking is "in"...just read the publications that cover this sport (Backpacker, Outside, etc.) and ask all those firms that make the outdoor gear!
To me, the evidence is overwhelming that backcountry use is going up and up...and I don't see any end in sight. In fact, I wonder if the use-rate curve might go up even steeper in the near future, as some of the "group-oriented" subcultures in our country finally start to make significant use of the public lands that belong to all of us.
Why is all this increased usage of our backcountry necessarily bad?
I will meet you at "LNT 3- What is it?"


The Mathematical Association of America (MAA) and the American Mathematical Society (AMS) invite you to join them at the next Joint Mathematics Meetings which will be held in beautiful San Diego, California, US known for its mild year-round climate and its natural deep-water harbor from January 9-12, 2013. This will be the 96th annual winter meeting of MAA and the 119th annual meeting of AMS. The Joint Mathematics Meetings will again host sessions by the Association for Symbolic Logic, the Association for Women in Mathematics, the National Association for Mathematicians, and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
and much, much more. Also Mathematics of Planet Earth 2013, an initiative launched by the mathematical science institutes in North America to showcase the essential relevance of mathematics in planetary issues, will be featured in several activities and sessions at this meeting.


Saturday last 15th October marked another successful partnership between LCRC and the Irish Air Corps. The 'Morgan Sparrow Spin' formerly known as Around the Mountains was run off on an overcast but dry morning from the Air Corps headquarters in Baldonnel Co. Dublin. This year we welcomed record numbers (190) of riders of all ages and abilities to take part in the sportive which is year on year regarded as one of the best organised and most enjoyable sportives on offer in the country.


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text:
Open-Oxford-Cambridge Doctoral Training Partnership
The Open-Oxford-Cambridge Doctoral Training Partnership 2022-23
Closing date: 11 January 2022 at 12 noon. See the application process.
What is the Open-Oxford-Cambridge Doctoral Training Partnership?
The Open University, alongside the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, is now part of the Open-Oxford-Cambridge Doctoral Training Partnership (DTP). This three university consortium was been awarded Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) funding to enable it to support five cohorts of PhD students, starting in October 2019. The DTP expects to award c. 77 doctoral studentships every year, across all AHRC subject areas.
The DTP is underpinned by world-class research and training environments and is supported by strategic partnerships with the BBC World Service, the National Trust and British Telecom.
The DTP allocates studentship funding, develops bespoke training (and shares existing training and facilities) and offers students placement/internship opportunities with non-HEI partners. It also provides an opportunity for academic staff to develop new links and external relationships.
Further details about DTP can be found on the OOC DTP website.
How do students apply via The Open University to the OOC DTP?
All studentships will be allocated on the basis of merit. Rather than any sense of an institutional 'allocation', the strongest applications will be the ones funded in a given year. A list of contacts for each OU/AHRC subject area can be found here.
Application is a four-stage process:
Students apply to The Open University (preferably under advice from potential supervisors) and include the OOC DTP Application Form. Disciplines review applications, interview selected candidates and decide which to put forward for consideration for funding.
These applications are reviewed by an internal Open University panel which decides which are put forward for consortium level consideration.
The DTP convenes four panels (made up of academics from a range of disciplines) to review and grade the applications submitted via the three universities.
The OOC Management Board allocates studentships based on the recommendations of these four panels.
The advert and further particulars for 2022-23 studentships can be found on the OU employment website. A list of contacts for each OU/AHRC subject area can be found in the Further Particulars document.
How can I find out more?
For academic enquiries, please contact Professor Sara Haslam (Professor of Twentieth- Century Literature and Director of Research Degrees at the Open University). Sara is the academic lead for the Open University within the Open-Oxford-Cambridge DTP, and is the consortium's Deputy Director: sara.haslam@open.ac.uk
For administrative enquiries related to the DTP or enquiries concerned with the application, please contact Esther Brown in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences: esther.brown@open.ac.uk.
Open-Oxford-Cambridge DTP Application Process 2022/23
Stage 1 - Advert/Application/Subject area review. Deadline: 11 January 2022
Adverts go live on the OOC and OU websites in September/October 2021. Candidates liaise with potential supervisors, complete the OOC DTP application and submit it with the OU Application Form, specifying they wish to be considered for DTP funding. FASS receives all OU DTP applications and passes to subject areas in FASS and across Faculties as necessary.
Subject areas evaluate applications, interview strong candidates and decide whether to offer a place.
Deadline: 14 February 2022
Stage 2 - Open University Review. Deadline: 22 February 2022
A multi-discipline panel considers the applications put forward by subject areas. The primary aim of this OU review stage is to ensure that all applications sent to the DTP are strong and viable, and to offer feedback for improvement where appropriate.
Selected candidates finalise their applications (incorporating review panel feedback if appropriate) for submission to the DTP by FASS Research Team.
Deadline: 10 March 2022
Stage 3 – Open-Oxford-Cambridge DTP Review. Deadline: 29 March 2022
Those Open University applications put forward to the DTP will be combined with the applications from Oxford and Cambridge, and split by subject across four panels. Each panel will be composed of three academics (one from each university) with broad expertise of reviewing PhD applications. The panels will discuss, grade and rank the assembled field.
Stage 4 – Open-Oxford-Cambridge DTP Review. Deadline: 6 April 2022
The DTP's Management Board confirm studentships based on the panels' recommendations. There is no quota for subject areas or institutions, and hence the highest ranked applications will be those funded. Once offered both a place and funding, successful applicants will join the OU in October 2022.
Request your prospectus
Explore our qualifications and courses by requesting one of our prospectuses today.
Are you already an OU student?
Go to StudentHome


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V1.2//EN" "document-v12.dtd">
<document>

    <title>How to produce xml-commons website with Apache Forrest</title>

      <title>Overview</title>

        This is the procedure for building the xml-commons website
        with Apache Forrest.

      <title>Install Forrest version 0.7 on localhost</title>

        Follow the document:
        <link href="site:forrest/your-project">Using
        Forrest</link>

      <title>Edit the content</title>
<source><![CDATA[
vi src/documentation/content/xdocs/*.xml
]]></source>

      <title>Build it and view it</title>
<source><![CDATA[
cd xml-commons
forrest
]]></source>

which validates and builds the docs.
        If you want to only validate the xdocs then do
        'forrest validate-xdocs'. You can get even faster
        turnaround for developing the docs by using 'forrest run'
        to run a live forrest webapp. When finished, do
        'forrest' to build the full site.

      <title>Updating the website</title>

Copy everything in ./build/site over to the xml-site
        repository at xml-site/targets/commons and commit.

There is a cronjob on www.apache.org that does a regular cvs checkout
        to refresh the website.

      <title>Other notes</title>

There are some other general notes at xml-commons/readme-build.txt

A project sitemap has been added at
src/documentation/sitemap.xmap
There is a hard-coded path in our sitemap to the DocBook XSL stylesheets.
If that is different on your system, then tweak the sitemap.xmap to suit.

Try to keep our skinconf.xml and forrest.properties
in sync with the Forrest "fresh-site" stuff.

</document>


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text:
Michael Caine Voted For Brexit Because Some Men Just Want To Watch The World Burn
By Victoria McNally | Politics | April 6, 2017 |
Et tu, Michael? From an interview with Sky News:
"I voted for Brexit. What it is with me, I'd rather be a poor master than a rich servant," he said. "It wasn't about the racism, immigrants or anything, it was about freedom."
"Politics is always chaotic," he added. "In politics, you're always going into areas you've never been before, so you're going to get lost and then you're going to find your way, and then it'll be all right."
Personally I don't know what he's complaining about not wanting to be a "rich servant," when his most famous role to date was exactly that. Was Bruce Wayne not good to you, Mr. Caine? Didn't you feel like a part of the family? How are you too good for Italy now when you totally retired there at the end of those movies? ALFRED, WHY.
Anyway, speaking as a poor master myself (aka a freelance writer), lemme tell you that it gets old real fast. It's all well and good blaming your rather austere and strict employer (who I guess is most likely Germany in this metaphor, I suppose?) for all your problems right until they've gone and taken all their money with them, and you start to find yourself wondering if eating a bag of microwave popcorn counts as a meal because you're on deadline and out of ramen noodles. Not that I'm speaking from experience or anything.
This isn't the first time Michael's been skeptical of the EU, telling the BBC a few months before the referendum that he didn't like the idea of 'being dictated to by thousands of faceless bureaucrats.' Aw man, guys, remember faceless bureaucrats? Remember when you didn't know the names of every single incompetent member of government because there were so many of them and they were so reasonably unterrible at their jobs? Such sweet, sweet summer children we all were. Anyway, what else is Devin Nunes up to this morning?
All the Stephen K. Bannon Drama That Has Unfolded in the Last 24 Hours


text:
The Qwillery | category: The Hour of Daydreams
Interview with Renee Macalino Rutledge, author of The Hour of Daydreams
Published: March 22, 2017 | 06:14
Please welcome Renee Macalino Rutledge to The Qwillery as part of the 2017 Debut Author Challenge Interviews. The Hour of Daydreams was published on March 14, 2017 by Forest Avenue Press.
TQ: Welcome to The Qwillery. When and why did you start writing?
Renee: The first time I wrote a complete piece, on my own initiative, I couldn't have been older than 6 or 7. It came to me while outside in the yard, and I was conscious of being there and alive and deeply moved by the fact. I wrote a poem as a response to and interaction with a moment of awareness. It sounds profound, but the poem was about rainbows and flowers, the weather. It rhymed, so brownie points for that.
Renee: I was a hybrid while writing The Hour of Daydreams. I had a general idea where I was going at the start of each chapter, at the end of which I'd have an idea where I'd go in the next chapter. But some of my favorite parts are those that came to me unannounced and seemed to write themselves, like a ribbon unraveling. Chapter 4 was like that, and Chapter 24. Lately I've been a pantser, writing memoir fragments inspired by my essays. I think it really depends on the project.
Renee: Finding time to write. I have a day job and freelance work, and my kindergartener isn't in daycare. I pick her up right after school, and after that, any chance of writing is snuffed out until she goes to bed. I take a notebook with me everywhere to jot things down, and I write text messages to myself all the time.
TQ: What has influenced / influences your writing?
Renee: Reading always fires me up to write. The possibilities of language, the power of voice. I love being swept into a story and feeling my world expand after reading. It inspires me to create stories of my own. People inspire me—if you talk to anyone long enough, you begin to discover their idiosyncrasies and what make them tick. You begin to find connection and develop empathy and see patterns of human connectivity, which to me, is the work of fiction. History inspires me, the desire to understand and learn from it.
TQ: Describe The Hour of Daydreams in 140 characters or less.
Renee: The Hour of Daydreams imagines the history of two characters in a Filipino folktale. What were their secrets, and who did they impact with them?
TQ: Tell us something about The Hour of Daydreams that is not found in the book description.
Renee: There's a scene from the book that's inspired by an embarrassing moment that took place between my husband and me. He loves telling the story, so I figured it would be okay to add. The couple that relives that moment is not Tala and Manolo, my protagonists, but Manolo's parents, Andres and Iolana.
TQ: What inspired you to write The Hour of Daydreams?
Renee: The Filipino folktale, The Star Maidens. It's about a man who steals a star maiden's wings so that she cannot fly away, and he marries her. In the end, she finds her wings and leaves him. This left me with more questions than answers and the desire to tell their story. It also gave me the opportunity to explore interesting themes like marriage, identity, the legacies we leave, and the way in which stories are passed down.
TQ: What sort of research did you do for The Hour of Daydreams?
Renee: The book takes place in the Philippines, where I haven't been since the age of four, so I googled a lot of random things about setting, like "Are there lions in the Philippines?" and "Are there shantytowns in the provinces?" and "Number of doctors in Philippine villages." I made many phone calls to my parents and asked them lots of questions when I saw them. I also read some excellent books, like Eye of the Fish, a wonderful nonfiction narrative about the islands, by Luis H. Francia.
TQ: Please tell us about The Hour of Daydreams' cover.
Renee: Gigi Little, Forest Avenue Press's designer, created the cover. It captures a beautiful time, at the intersection between day and night. It shows a feather, a hint at wings, falling from the sky. The feather, illuminated, is reminiscent of the moon. There are seven stars in the sky to symbolize seven sisters. Among the contrasts in my novel is that between city and country—and the sky on my front cover continues around to the back cover, where the green country landscape changes to a cityscape.
TQ: In The Hour of Daydreams who was the easiest character to write and why? The hardest and why?
Renee: Andres, at one point in the story, says, "Objects were simply objects, men were men, women were women. It was all so simple and for now—for the simple here and now—so divine." His philosophy extends to him; he's definitely a "what you see is what you get" kind of guy, so he was the easiest to write. Tala was the hardest. Her past is complicated, and it was a constant challenge to balance what to reveal and what to keep a mystery.
TQ: Why have you chosen to include or not chosen to include social issues in The Hour of Daydreams?
Renee: It felt impossible to write a book about the Philippines without touching upon social issues like sex trafficking, guerilla warfare, poverty, and government corruption. This is the world where my characters live, and these are issues they live through, among others. I didn't set out on purpose to cover these issues; it happened organically in the context of my storyline and my preoccupations as a writer and Filipino.
TQ: Which question about The Hour of Daydreams do you wish someone would ask? Ask it and answer it!
Renee: Why is my book called The Hour of Daydreams? In a chapter by that name, the hour of daydreams is the time when a grandfather tells his granddaughter stories. It is a very specific and special time for them. It is also representative of a moment of time at a river, when the main characters, Tala and Manolo, bear witness to one another, and their memories of this time begin to feel like dreams. Finally, it is representative of the hours between the book and the reader.
TQ: Give us one or two of your favorite non-spoilery quotes from The Hour of Daydreams.
Renee: "Without Grandfather Andres here to light a candle in my heart, I gaze at Papa differently, curious about the stories he hides, of the real woman and not the fairy tale, seeking her there in his hidden quiet. Without the stories, I realize there is nothing left."
Renee: I'm working on short stories, novel two research, essays, and memoir writing. Find my short story, The Cigarette Thieves, in The Tishman Review in April.
Renee: Thank you so much for having me!
The Hour of Daydreams
Forest Avenue Press, March 14, 2017
Trade Paperback and eBook, 232 pages
Manolo Lualhati, a respected doctor in the Philippine countryside, believes his wife hides a secret. Prior to their marriage, he spied her wearing wings and flying to the stars with her sisters each evening. As Tala tries to keep her dangerous past from her new husband, Manolo begins questioning the gaps in her stories—and his suspicions push him even further from the truth. The Hour of Daydreams, a contemporary reimagining of a Filipino folktale, weaves in the perspectives of Tala's siblings, her new in-laws, and the all-seeing housekeeper while exploring trust, identity, and how myths can take root from the seeds of our most difficult truths.
Photo by Tesa Lauigan
Renee Macalino Rutledge was born in Manila, Philippines, and raised in the San Francisco Bay Area from the age of four. A long-time local journalist, her articles and essays have appeared in ColorLines, Filipinas Magazine, Oakland and Alameda Magazine, the San Francisco Bay Guardian, Literary Hub, Mutha Magazine, Ford City Anthology, Women of Color Anthology, and others. The Hour of Daydreams is her debut novel. She lives in Alameda, California, with her husband and two daughters.
Twitter @ReneeMRutledge
All2017 DAC2017 DAC Interview2017 Debut Author ChallengeForest Avenue PressRenee Maclino RutledgeThe Hour of Daydreams


text:
Science and the Sea
Resting Eggs
By Damond Benningfield
Copepod.jpg
Copepods generally only grow to about a millimeter long. Photo Credit: Uwe Kils/ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
From November through April, a tiny marine creature is pretty common in the coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. It's a species of copepod. It looks like a cross between a flea and a shrimp, but it's only about a millimeter long.
After April, though, the species disappears -- there are no adults to be found. But by then the females have produced a bounty of eggs. The eggs settle to the ocean floor, where they shut down for the summer. When the water turns cooler and more oxygen-rich in late fall, the eggs resume their normal development. They then hatch and the copepod returns to the Gulf.
That stage in the eggs' development is known as diapause. It's common in many species of copepod, which are found all over the world. Copepods are at the bottom of the marine food chain, so they're an important food source for many other types of ocean life.
The copepods produce two types of eggs. One type usually hatches quickly, although it can survive in the sediments for a few days or weeks. But diapause eggs don't hatch for a long time. They generally have thicker walls and more layers. That allows them to survive bigger changes in temperature and salinity, physical stress -- and even passing through a predator's digestive system. The diapause eggs go through a brief normal development phase, then they shut down.
This phase allows the copepods to survive poor conditions. And it may serve as a "backup" against years when the copepods produce few new eggs -- keeping the species alive and kicking.
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Copyright © 2006-2019 The University of Texas Marine Science Institute. All rights reserved.
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Carol Moore says: I only had time for 2 sketches too Kat! I love this one! Love the arrangement of the pumpkins and how you did the mansion - very cool. It should sell fast :)	~ Reply?
katerina Koukiotis says: thank YOU carol so much xoxox i was so disappointed i couldn't do more b/c there were amazing prompts!! i'm off to view your sketches xoxo	~ Reply?
Anon says: Love it Kat! I'm so tempted to add it to my collection, but I'll give someone else a chance first ;)	~ Reply?
Jenny Heidewald says: The colors are so rich and dramatic. Is it watercolor on colored paper? ~ Reply?
katerina Koukiotis says: you guys are so sweet thank YOU Lisa, jenny so much xoxox jenny yes it's worked on canson mi tientes tinted paper ( orange color) i used acrylic because it was richer and dried faster :)	~ Reply?


House prices in England are rising back to pre-recession levels – with a 0.3 per cent increase within the past month.
New figures released by Hometrack, the property analytics business, show properties in London leading the way on price rises with a 0.7 per cent increase in April.
Areas such as Oxfordshire and Cambridgeshire have not been far behind, with increases of 0.5 per cent and 0.4 per cent respectively. The north-east of England is the only region to see a recent fall in house prices.
Hometrack said the market is being driven by improving consumer confidence, an increasing number of new buyers and a shortage of homes for sale.
House sellers are getting an average of 93 per cent of their asking prices, with the figure hitting 95 per cent in the south-east.
In April, new buyer registrations climbed 3.1 per cent nationally, at a slightly slower pace to the 4.6 per cent increase in March.
In comparison, the level of new homes coming onto market increased by just 2.8 per cent. Hometrack said this is the third consecutive month that supply had not kept pace with demand.
This entry was posted in New homes update, News and tagged House prices, house sellers, new buyers, New homes. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: Help with query timing out / making query more efficient     SELECT DISTINCT c.Email,  c.FName
FROM ENT.Contacts c WITH(NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN ENT.RegistrationData r WITH(NOLOCK)
ON c.Email  =  r.RegistrationContactEmail
LEFT Join ENT._Subscribers s  WITH(NOLOCK)
ON c.Email =  s.SubscriberKey
AND s.status NOT IN ('unsubscribed','held')

WHERE

(
    (
        (
            (
                c.Email IN
                (
                    SELECT DISTINCT
                        s.SubscriberKey AS Email
                    FROM
                        _Open s
                    WHERE
                        datediff(mm,s.EventDate, getdate()) <= 3
                )
            )
            OR
            (
                c.Email IN
                (
                    SELECT DISTINCT
                        s.SubscriberKey AS Email
                    FROM
                        _Click s
                    WHERE
                        datediff(mm,s.EventDate, getdate()) <= 3
                )
            )
        )

        AND

        (
            (
                r.RegistrationEmailOptStatus  =  '1' AND
                r.RegistrationEventType  =  'Wedding' AND
                r.RegistrationEventRole IN ('Bride','Other','Bridesmaid','Mother Of the Bride') AND
                r.RegistrationCountry IN ('USA') AND
                r.RegistrationEventDate < '2014-05-31'
            )

            OR

            (
                r.RegistrationEmailOptStatus  =  '1' AND
                r.RegistrationEventType  =  'Prom' AND
                r.RegistrationEventRole ='Prom' AND
                r.RegistrationCountry IN ('USA') AND
                r.RegistrationEventDate BETWEEN '2014-01-01' AND '2015-12-31'
            )
        )

    )

    OR

    (
        r.RegistrationEmailOptStatus  =  '1' AND
        r.RegistrationEventType  =  'Wedding' AND
        r.RegistrationEventRole IN ('Bride','Other','Bridesmaid','Mother Of the Bride') AND
        r.RegistrationCountry IN ('USA') AND
        r.RegistrationEventDate BETWEEN '2015-05-01' AND '2015-05-31'
    )
)

A: My SQL skills are a bit rusty, and I don't have an environment to test this on, but here goes!
Instead of doing the below, and then filtering in the where clause:
SELECT DISTINCT c.Email,  c.FName
FROM ENT.Contacts c WITH(NOLOCK)
  INNER JOIN ENT.RegistrationData r WITH(NOLOCK)
    ON c.Email  =  r.RegistrationContactEmail

You could try something like:
SELECT c.Email, c.Fname
FROM ENT.Contacts c WITH(NOLOCK)
  INNER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT Email
              FROM (SELECT DISTINCT o.SubscriberKey AS Email
                    FROM _Open o
                    WHERE datediff(mm,s.EventDate, getdate()) <= 3
                    UNION
                    SELECT DISTINCT c.SubscriberKey AS Email
                    FROM _Click c
                    WHERE datediff(mm,s.EventDate, getdate()) <= 3)) e
    ON c.Email = e.Email

You of course will need to go and join the rest of the tables in a similar fashion. In theory (once again, not using joins for ~3 years now since I've been using SOQL/Salesforce) what should happen is that your Contacts table will be filtered down by the Distinct unioned queries - rather than returning a giant dataset and expecting the where clause to step through the individual records to see if they match the where criteria, and managing the distinct records.
And as @Brian Mansfield said, you will have better luck on other communities on SO.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange