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Volume 10 Supplement 1
Born too soon
Born Too Soon: Preterm birth matters
Christopher P Howson1,
Mary V Kinney2,
Lori McDougall3,
Joy E Lawn4,5 &
the Born Too Soon Preterm Birth Action Group
Reproductive Health volume 10, Article number: S1 (2013) Cite this article
Urgent action is needed to address preterm birth given that the first country-level estimates show that globally 15 million babies are born too soon and rates are increasing in most countries with reliable time trend data. As the first in a supplement entitled "Born Too Soon", this paper focuses on the global policy context. Preterm birth is critical for progress on Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG) for child survival by 2015 and beyond, and gives added value to maternal health (MDG 5) investments also linking to non-communicable diseases. For preterm babies who survive, the additional burden of prematurity-related disability may affect families and health systems. Prematurity is an explicit priority in many high-income settings; however, more attention is needed especially in low- and middle-income countries where the invisibility of preterm birth as well as its myths and misconceptions have slowed action on prevention and care. Recent global attention to preterm birth hit a tipping point in 2012, with the May 2 publication of Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth and with the 2nd annual World Prematurity Day on November 17 which mobilised the actions of partners in many countries to address preterm birth and newborn health. Interventions to strengthen preterm birth prevention and care span the continuum of care for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. Both prevention of preterm birth and implementation of care of premature babies require more research, as well as more policy attention and programmatic investment.
This article is part of a supplement jointly funded by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme through a grant from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and March of Dimes Foundation and published in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). The original article was published in PDF format in the WHO Report "Born Too Soon: the global action report on preterm birth (ISBN 978 92 4 150343 30). The article has been reformatted for journal publication and has undergone peer review according to Reproductive Health's standard process for supplements and may feature some variations in content when compared to the original report. This co-publication makes the article available to the community in a full-text format.
Preterm birth matters in every country
More than one in 10 of the world's babies born in 2010 were born preterm (defined as before 37 weeks of gestation), resulting in an estimated 14.9 million preterm births [1]. Of these, more than one million died as a direct result of their prematurity [2]. Being born moderately preterm with or without fetal growth restriction acted as a risk factor for a further one million neonatal deaths from causes such as infections [3]. Prematurity is now the second leading cause of death in children under-5 years and the single most important direct cause of death in the critical first month of life [2]. For the babies who survive, many face a lifetime of significant disability [3]. Preterm birth accounts for 3.1% of all Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in the Global Burden of Disease, more than for HIV and malaria [4]. Given the frequency of preterm birth worldwide, it is likely that most people will experience the tragedy of preterm birth at some point in their lives, either in family members or indirectly through friends.
Prematurity is an explicit public health priority in many high-income countries. However, until recently, the lack of data on preterm birth at the country level has rendered preterm birth almost invisible and hampered action in response in most low- and middle-income countries (World Bank. (2012). How we classify countries. Retrieved March 27, 2012 from: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications). In May 2012, more than 100 experts representing almost 50 agencies, universities, organization and parent groups came together to produce Born Too Soon: The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth [5]. The report featured the first ever country-level estimates on preterm birth prevalence developed by the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and WHO and published in The Lancet [1]. These estimates show that prematurity rates are increasing in almost all countries with reliable time trend data [1].
The implications of being born too soon extend beyond the neonatal period throughout the life cycle. Babies who are born before they are physically ready to face the world often require special care and face greater risks of serious health problems, including cerebral palsy, intellectual impairment, chronic lung disease and vision and hearing loss. This added dimension of lifelong disability exacts a high toll on individuals born preterm, their families and the communities in which they live [6].
There are two-way linkages between preterm birth, low birthweight and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes and hypertension. Firstly, women with these NCDs have an elevated risk of having a low birthweight baby due to prematurity or other causes, demanding increased attention to maternal health and care, including the antenatal diagnosis and management of NCDs [7]. Premature babies, in turn, are at greater risk of developing NCDs like hypertension and diabetes later in life and, if female, of having a preterm and/or low birthweight baby herself. Thus, prematurity not only affects a newborn directly but can also result in a vicious intergenerational cycle of risk [8]. The link between prematurity and an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and other NCDs takes on an added public health importance when the reported increases in the rates of NCDs worldwide are taken into consideration. Currently, nine million people under the age of 60 years die from NCDs per year, accounting for more than 63% of all deaths, with the greatest burden in Africa and other low- income regions where preterm birth rates are also high [9]. With pregestational diabetes and hypertension reported to increase the risk of having a preterm delivery in the US by 38% and 33%, respectively, it is clear that the problem of preterm birth should be a major concern to policy-makers, donor organisations and other stakeholders in the NCD as well as RMNCH communities [10].
The Millennium Development Goals and beyond
The substantial decline in maternal, newborn and child deaths in high-income countries in the early and middle 20th century was a public health triumph. Much of this decline was due to improvements in socioeconomic, sanitation and educational conditions and in population health, most notably a reduction in malnutrition and infectious diseases [11, 12]. These advances in public health also resulted from strengthened political will prompted by public pressure, often by health professionals who demanded attention to and investment in necessary sanitary measures, drugs and technologies [13]. Many low- and middle-income countries are now experiencing a similar "health transition," defined as an "encompassing relationship among demographic, epidemiologic and health changes that collectively and independently have an impact on the health of a population, the financing of health care and the development of health systems" [14].
Recent acceleration in mortality reduction for mothers and for children aged between 1 and 59 months has been driven, in part, by the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) framework [15, 16]. Established by 189 member states in 2000 with a target date of 2015 [17], the eight interlinking global goals provide benchmarks by which to measure success [18]. As such, they have mobilised common action to accelerate progress for the world's poorest families. These goals put reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) on the global stage by raising their visibility politically and socially and have helped unite the development community in a common framework for action. The need to monitor progress has also led to improved and more frequent use of health metrics and to collaboration and consensus on how to strengthen primary health care systems, from community-based interventions to the first referral-level facility at which emergency obstetric care is available [19].
MDG 4 calls for a reduction in the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. MDG 5 has two targets: the first calling for a reduction in the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters and the second for universal access to reproductive health during the same period. Even with the increased visibility and progress that MDGs 4 and 5 have brought to maternal and child survival, the rate of decline for mortality reduction remains insufficient to reach the targets, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (Figure 1). For example, only 37 countries (out of around 180) are currently on track to achieve the MDG 4 target in 2015, although another 26 are close to the target [15]. One important barrier to progress has been the failure to reduce neonatal deaths and particularly those due to prematurity [20]. Child survival programmes have primarily focused on important causes of death after the first four weeks of life such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, malaria and vaccine-preventable conditions [21], resulting in a significant decline in under-5 mortality rates. While important, the concomitant lack of attention to important causes of neonatal mortality like preterm birth, which is now the single largest cause of neonatal mortality accounting directly for one-third of neonatal deaths, has resulted in neonatal deaths becoming an increasing proportion of under-5 deaths, from 37% in 1990 to 44% in 2012 [22], and demonstrating a slower rate of decline than that for under-5 deaths (Figure 1) [23, 24].
Millennium Development Goal 4 Progress. Source: Adapted from Lawn et al., 2012. Data from UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimates (UNICEF, 2013) and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Lozano et al., 2011). Note: MDG 4 target reflects a 2/3 reduction from the under-5 mortality rate in 1990.
The actions presented in Born Too Soon [25], if implemented quickly, will accelerate the reduction of neonatal deaths in the last critical days to the 2015 target and beyond. In addition, they will contribute to improved maternal health and care, thus benefiting women directly. However, when considered in the full context of public health and development, these actions are importantly linked to all eight MDGs (Figure 2) and should not be thought of as an isolated program of "prematurity care and prevention." The actions require the engagement of organisations and expertise, not only from across the RMNCH spectrum, but also from non-health sectors such as education and environmental sustainability. In addition, they must be firmly embedded within existing frameworks for action and accountability, most notably the Every Woman, Every Child effort led by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (Figure 3). Such engagement will serve to accelerate progress towards all eight MDGs and have an effect beyond improving maternal, newborn and child survival.
How the Millennium Development Goals Link to Prevention and Care of Preterm Births. Source: Born Too Soon report [5].
Every Woman, Every Child and now Every Newborn. From Born Too Soon report [5].
Preterm birth matters as a public health problem
Preterm births have been accorded a high public health priority in high-income countries due, in part, to champions among medical professionals and the power of affected parents. In high-income countries, improved care of the premature baby led to the development of neonatology as a discrete medical sub-specialty and the establishment of neonatal intensive care units [26]. The high prevalence and costs of prematurity have captured the attention of policy-makers and have demanded attention in many high-income countries. In the United States, for example, 11.5 out of every 100 babies born in 2012 were premature. While this rate has declined over recent years, it still represents an increase of more than 22% since 1981 [27]. In addition, the annual societal economic cost in 2005 (medical, educational and lost productivity combined) associated with preterm birth in the United States was at least $26.2 billion. During that same year, the average first-year medical costs, including both inpatient and outpatient care, were about 10 times greater for preterm ($32,325) than for term infants ($3,325). The average length of stay was nine times as long for a preterm newborn (13 days), compared with a baby born at term (1.5 days) [6]. While health plans paid the majority of total allowed costs, out-of-pocket expenses were substantial and significantly higher for premature and low-birthweight newborns, compared with newborns with uncomplicated births [28].
In low- and middle-income countries, there are common myths and misconceptions that have restricted attention and the implementation of interventions to prevent preterm birth and improve the survival and outcome of premature babies (Figure 4).
Myths and misconceptions of preterm birth. From Born Too Soon report [5].
Preterm birth attention, action and research at a tipping point
With the establishment of the MDGs and recent global efforts such as Every Woman, Every Child launched by UN Secretary General in support of the Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health, there is growing urgency worldwide to improve health across the RMNCH continuum of care. There is also a growing consensus on what needs to be done, as evidenced by essential packages of interventions for preconception, antenatal and postnatal care [29]. However, despite the large burden, availability of cost-effective solutions and some increase in program funding, a recent global analysis suggests that newborn survival will remain vulnerable on the global agenda without the high-level engagement of policy-makers, adequate funding and specific attention to the problem of preterm birth [30]. Thus, over the past decade, the problem of newborn survival has also begun to receive greater attention globally through an increased volume of publications and meetings. Figure 5 summarises key milestones since 2003 in the movement forward to improve newborn survival.
Milestones in the development of global awareness and action to tackle the problem of newborn survival.
The recent global mobilisation around the issue of preterm birth complements the growing awareness of newborn health and the importance of quality care at the time of birth to protect the lives of both women and children. As an increasing proportion of under-5 deaths globally, newborns and the importance of their survival have demanded greater action and guidance, especially by country governments. Thus, the group of stakeholders behind Born Too Soon came together with countries and other global partners to develop Every Newborn: an action plan to end preventable deaths [31]. A roadmap for change, Every Newborn will take forward the Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health by identifying actions to improve newborn survival, health and development [31]. Consultation enabling inputs into the action plan is central to the development of Every Newborn. Such consultation allows newborn care to be better integrated into RMNCH investments and into programming in countries where specific bottlenecks for high-impact interventions such as essential newborn care, antenatal corticosteroids and Kangaroo Mother Care can be overcome. The first Global Newborn Health Conference held in South Africa in April 2013 provided the launch of these consultations and included several sessions relating to preterm birth prevention and care. The action plan is expected to be released in May 2014 at the WHO World Health Assembly.
Setting research priorities
Despite the high rate of child death and disability due to prematurity, little is known about how to prevent preterm birth and how best to scale up essential care proven to be practical and affordable. It is, thus, critical to harness recent advances in science and technology and growing global political will to identify novel solutions and to rapidly translate research results into effective global health action. To this end, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, March of Dimes, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and WHO have convened a series of meetings to advance the visibility of and advocacy and investment in the research required to drive global change in the burden of preterm birth. Several meetings of US-based scientific experts in preterm birth have been held to draft a "Solution Pathway," a comprehensive research agenda to advance preterm birth research across the continuum of discovery, development and delivery science and to improve coordination of research activities. The agenda, a summary of which will be published in an upcoming edition of Lancet Global Health, is expected to result in continued momentum and investment in research. Additionally, WHO and Saving Newborn Lives convened over 90 world experts in neonatal and birth outcomes research to prioritise a list of more than 200 "best ideas" to improve birth outcomes and newborn health by 2025. The ranked priorities will be published soon and include many related to preterm birth [32].
Preterm birth as a test of the continuum of care
The Born Too Soon supplement in Reproductive Health is structured to reflect the continuum of care, a core organizing principle for health systems, which emphasises the delivery of health care packages across time and through service delivery levels. An effective continuum of care addresses the health needs of the adolescent or woman before, during and after her pregnancy, as well as the care of the newborn and child throughout the life cycle, wherever care is provided [33]. Figure 6 shows the continuum of care by time of care giving, throughout the life cycle, from adolescence into pregnancy and birth and then through the neonatal and post-neonatal periods and childhood; and place of caregiving, that is, households, communities and health facilities [33]. Providing RMNCH services through the continuum of care approach has proven cost-effective, and there is evidence that this finding holds for the prevention and treatment of prematurity as well [33–37]. The papers are presented in order of time of caregiving (preconception, during pregnancy and birth and in the postnatal period for care of the preterm baby) [7, 26, 38]. In each paper the place of caregiving -- at home, at the primary care level and in district and regional hospitals -- is discussed.
The Continuum of Care for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health through the life cycle according to levels of health service delivery. Source: Born Too Soon report [5], adapted from Kerber et al. 2007 [33].
While the causes and multiple events during pregnancy that result in a preterm birth require increasingly vigorous research, there are available interventions which, if scaled up and delivered through integrated packages across the RMNCH continuum of care, would have a major and immediate impact on reducing mortality and disability in premature babies. These same interventions would contribute to a modest reduction in preterm birth rates, helping women and their vulnerable babies to survive and thrive.
The supplement emphasizes an action agenda through review of the evidence for these interventions to ensure delivery of the best possible care to all women before, between and during pregnancy; at birth; and to all preterm babies and their mothers and families, wherever they live. In addition, the supplement points to areas of research which require increased attention, funding and collaboration among partners in the governmental, non-governmental and private sectors.
Finally and importantly, the supplement presents actions that require the continued active engagement of all constituencies [25]. Indeed, it is the partners who contributed to the Born Too Soon report and the many others who have joined since with their diversity of expertise and experience who represent the strength of this process. Their contributions will help ensure that the actions in this supplement are acted on, sustained and reach the world's poorest families.
The time of CPH was funded by the March of Dimes and that of JEL and MVK by a grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme.
The Born Too Soon report was funded by March of Dimes, the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health and Save the Children. The Born Too Soon supplement in Reproductive Health was funded by March of Dimes and Save the Children. Funding from Save the Children is provided by a grant from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme.
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The Born Too Soon Preterm Birth Action Group, including Preterm Birth Technical Review Panel and all the report authors (in alphabetical order): José Belizán (chair), Hannah Blencowe, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Sohni Dean, Andres de Francisco, Christopher Howson, Mary Kinney, Mark Klebanoff, Joy Lawn, Silke Mader, Elizabeth Mason (chair), Jeffrey Murray, Pius Okong, Carmencita Padilla, Robert Pattinson, Jennifer Requejo, Craig Rubens, Andrew Serazin, Catherine Spong, Antoinette Tshefu, Rexford Widmer, Khalid Yunis, Nanbert Zhong.
The authors appreciated inputs from Sarah Alexander, Valentina Baltag, Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli, and Charlotte Christiansen, Eve Lackritz, Elizabeth Mason, Jeff Murray, Craig Rubens, and Catherine Spong. Thank you to Megan Bruno for her administrative support. We would like to thank the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation for funding the time for Boston Consulting Group.
This article has been published as part of Reproductive Health Volume 10 Supplement 1, 2013: Born too soon. The full contents of the supplement are available online at http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/supplements/10/S1.
March of Dimes, White Plains, NY, USA
Christopher P Howson
Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa
Mary V Kinney
The Partnership for Maternal Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland
Lori McDougall
MARCH, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
Joy E Lawn
Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, South Africa
Correspondence to Christopher P Howson.
The paper was drafted by CPH, MVK and JEL. LM reviewed and contributed.
12978_2013_231_MOESM1_ESM.doc
Additional file 1: In line with the journal's open peer review policy, copies of the reviewer reports are included as additional file 1.(DOC 48 KB)
Howson, C.P., Kinney, M.V., McDougall, L. et al. Born Too Soon: Preterm birth matters. Reprod Health 10, S1 (2013). https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/1742-4755-10-S1-S1
DOI: https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/1742-4755-10-S1-S1
Neonatal Death
Newborn Health


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Q: The program can't start because libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll is missing from your computer. Simple console Please help. I am using Code Blocks, and I have just built a project and now when I try to run the ".exe" it says this message "The program can't start because libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll is missing from your computer...this problem." I have tried to download those .dlls and extract them into the location where the ".exe" is stored and then tried running the program again but it crashes. I have no idea what to do anymore.
Can anyone give me steps to solving this using Code Blocks(IDE. that I use)? Please.
Another note that I'd like to add is that I am learning C++ and I do not understand complicated lingo like "linker", "links", and etcetera. I want this application to be stand-alone if possible but I have searched around about this issue and people are saying to place the related .dlls from the bin of minGW where your executable is but then they say that there is licensing issues. I am getting confused about this and I just want a simple fix, I don't want any licensing issues.
Can you explain it from Code Blocks point of view? Because that's the program that I am using, and some steps to fix it would be really nice.
Note 3: People are also saying to use something like "-static-libgcc" but I have no idea what to do with that.

A: The libgcc_s_dw2-1.dll should be in the compiler's bin directory.
You can add this directory to your PATH environment variable for runtime linking, or you can avoid the problem by adding -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++ to your compiler flags.

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On This Day Calendar
Funnel Feature
Minneapolis, MN F3 Tornado – July 20, 1951
Published by Jen Narramore on July 20, 2019 July 20, 2019
SPC Stats
Path length: 11.6 miles
Width: 10 yards
Fatalities: 5
Injuries: 40
Rating: F3
County: Hennepin
It was called the most damaging Minnesota tornado to date, but Thomas Grazulis in Significant Tornadoes questions that statement. He believes this was a "complex combination of tornadoes and microbursts" and that much of the damage was due to the strong microbursts.
It is in the record books as an F3 tornado. There was no width listed in the Climatological Data National Summary (CDNS) and the 10 yard width in the SPC Database doesn't seem to be correct so it is unknown how wide this tornado was. Per CDNS, there was a damage track from Lake Minnetonka through the southern parts of Minneapolis over to Wold-Chamberlain Airport. When you plot the SPC coordinates, it ends just west of the airport. It should be extended further east.
In his book, Thomas Grazulis also questions the death toll. Officially the SPC Database and the CDNS summary list 5 fatalities related to the tornado. Grazulis states that 2 of those deaths were not tornado-related. And he further writes, "in fact, all five deaths may not have been directly caused by the tornado."
There was tremendous damage. At the airport, 63 airplanes were destroyed. Several homes were severely damaged and hundreds of trees blown down on roofs and cars.
Found an article in the Minneapolis Star about a baby found in a potato field! Two houses were thrown in the field and demolished. "No two boards remained together"….It happened near 63rd street and 4th avenue south in Richfield. One of the new homes was owned by Karl Herbst. As neighbors were searching for members fo the family they heard a cry in a nearby potato field and they found 2-year-old Charles Herbst lying on the ground. "His face was black and they feared he had died." But the baby cried and he was taken to the hospital. He parents were found crawling from the field as well!
Sat, Jul 21, 1951 – Page 9 · The Minneapolis Star (Minneapolis, Minnesota) · Newspapers.com
Climatological Data National Summary Entry
Most damaging tornado of record in Minnesota. Originated in Lake Minnetonka area and moved eastward through Richfield Township, South Minneapolis to Wold-Chamberlain Airport where about 63 airplanes destroyed and about 37 other damaged. Several W.M.L. hangars, some military barracks and other buildings demolished or severely damaged. Several homes completely demolished. Property damage extensive in Minneapolis, St. Paul and vicinity. Power and communication lines seriously affected. Hundreds of trees blown down with damage to roofs and automobiles. Scores injured. Excessively heavy rains caused much flooding. Growing crops damaged.
Additional Information from Thomas Grazulis in Significant Tornadoes
"Complex combination of tornadoes and microbursts"
At least two farm homes were destroyed.
Two people were killed in the collapse of a grocery store in St. Anthony Village.
Much of the damage was due to strong microbursts.
Most of the debris was thrown for only 100 yards.
Tornado Path
SPC coordinates: Start: 44.93 / -93.50 End: 44.88 / -93.27
Note: Exact tornado path may not be straight and/or continuous.
Sun, Jul 22, 1951 – Page 1 · Star Tribune (Minneapolis, Minnesota) · Newspapers.com
Sun, Jul 22, 1951 – Page 42 · The Pittsburgh Press (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) · Newspapers.com
Sun, Jul 22, 1951 – 9 · The Austin American (Austin, Texas) · Newspapers.com
Sun, Jul 22, 1951 – 1 · Tampa Bay Times (St. Petersburg, Florida) · Newspapers.com
Tue, Jul 24, 1951 – 10 · The Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota) · Newspapers.com
Sun, Jul 22, 1951 – Page 1 · The Cincinnati Enquirer (Cincinnati, Ohio) · Newspapers.com
Sun, Jul 22, 1951 – Page 19 · Star Tribune (Minneapolis, Minnesota) · Newspapers.com
Discrepancies:
We gathered information for this event from the SPC & NCDC Databases, the July 1951 Climatological Data National Summary (CDNS) and Thomas Grazulis in Significant Tornadoes and found the following differences:
Path Length:
SPC/NCDC have a 11.6 mile path length.
Grazulis and CDNS have a length at 18 miles.
CDNS has no width and neither does Grazulis.
SPC has a width of 10 yards and NCDC has 33 yards. Probably fillers since none was recorded in CDNS.
Fatalities:
Grazulis has 3 fatalities and questions whether even those were a direct result of the tornado.
Remaining sources list 5 fatalities.
CDNS has not specific injury county. It just says "scores" injured.
Remaining sources list 40 injuries.
The Storm Prediction Center
NCDC Storm Events Database
July 1951 Climatological Data National Summary
newspapers.com
Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. Page 960.
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Quality education: Schools closer to home for children from 8 cocoa communities in Côte d'Ivoire
The dreams of the children of Atonihio and Wosso (Gagnoa), Krakro (Soubré), Kouassikro (Duékoué), Séably (Man), Petit Katiola (Guiglo), Ladjikro (Okrouyo) and Kouamekro (Guéyo), to have a school near to home, were realized from 10 to 14 December as part of the implementation of the Core Programme, funded directly by the members of the International Cocoa Initiative's board. And it is not 12-year-old Michael, nor 10-year-old Esthar from Krakro who will disagree.
Both used to travel between six and and eight kilometres a day to go to school. As Michael confided, he was constantly tired: "I would get up at 6am and get ready to go to school. I was always tired because I was often surprised by the rain or the blazing sun on the way," he explained. For other, luckier children, especially the youngest, the classes were held under a wooden courtyard covered with plastic sheet and mocked by other children in the region.
"They laughed at us. In 2017, we started our classes under a wooden courtyard covered with tarpaulins, with traditional stools (made of wood) as benches. Today, we have a beautiful, permanent building. We are now in the big family of schools," said Mr. Kouakou Kouamé Bernard, the only volunteer teacher in the village of Krakro, who could not hide his joy.
It is the same feeling of joy experienced by Mrs. Zapré Marie-Noelle, mother of six children, the last of whom is enrolled in the EPP Atonihio, during the handing over of the keys of their new school built by ICI. A school that is a huge relief for parents.
In Atonihio as in other communities, table benches were provided..
In Kouassikro, the children now have a new school.
In Kouassikro, the children performed a theatrical scene about the importance of education.
The Head of the Soubré Regional Office officially handed over the keys to the school in Krakro.
Parents and students are happy to have a new school.
"Imagine a 5-year-old child who has to travel one kilometre every day to go to school, go home at noon to eat, come back in the afternoon for class and go home at 5pm. It was a problem," she said. "There were children who got sick regularly because of the sun. When it rained the school supplies would sometimes get wet."
For Kouassi Elie, a pupil in the cm2 class in Kouassikro, it was not the long hours of walking that was the problem, but rather the learning environment. His school was located in his community. But it was covered with a tarpaulin and lacked a real roof. The children were exposed to the weather and especially to reptiles: "Our classroom was built of Chinese bamboo. We used to go, but snakes would come into our classrooms and frighten us (…) The teachers would kill the snakes," he said, before saying he was "happy to have a new school."
Each of the 8 communities received a school with three classrooms, with a block of 3 latrines. It should be noted that all these classrooms were built in accordance with the recommendations of the ICI study on "Quality Education and Child Labour".
Related News & Media
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LILAC or the 'Low Impact Living Affordable Community' is a pioneering project in Leeds incorporating a number of innovative solutions to build an environmentally, socially and economically sustainable community. Its participants hope it will offer a new model for affordable community housing across the UK.
The LILAC project started life as the ideological musings of a group of friends who were not interested in traditional home ownership and wanted to explore the alternatives. Their ideas and enthusiasm gained momentum and they began holding open meetings to develop their ideas further. This culminated in the formation of a co-operative in 2009 and things started to happen.
The group formed a Mutual Home Ownership Society which is a financial and legal entity, democratically controlled by the residents and used to raise finance for the whole project. It retains ownership of the development and provides a framework of rules to control occupancy, management and the long-term affordability of the homes.
Residents secure an equity share in the scheme by purchasing a lease from the Society with an initial deposit and monthly payments set at around 35% of household income.
LILAC negotiated the purchase of a plot of land in Bramley from Leeds City Council and appointed White Design Associates to help them design the scheme based on co-housing design principles. The resulting scheme consists of 20 homes: six 1-bed, six 2-bed, six 3-bed and two 4-bed houses as well as a common house acting as a focal point for the community.
With low impact at the very heart of LILAC's ethos, the design considered everything from using locally sourced materials to incorporating microgeneration, grey and black water recycling and minimizing the impact of daily life after completion.
An exciting addition was the decision to use the ModCell straw bale system as the main construction method. Modcell are prefabricated panels made from timber, straw bales and hemp. The resulting structures are super-insulated and airtight and the raw materials themselves are not only sustainable but also capture vast amounts of carbon during their lifetime.
Construction on the LILAC project was completed in 2013 and residents began moving in in May of that year.
LILAC Cohousing Documentary from LILAC on Vimeo.
At it's heart, Low Impact Living Affordable Community consists of a diverse set of individuals united in their vision to create the best possible community living environment for themselves, their children, each other, future residents, the planet and as an example to others. Hats off to them!
To find out more, offer you support or to invest, visit the Low Impact Living Affordable Community website.
Find out more about co-housing projects in the UK.


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How people with autism forge friendships
It is lunchtime on a Sunday in January. At a long table inside a delicatessen in midtown Manhattan, a group of young people sit together over sandwiches and salads. Most of them have their phones out. One boy wears headphones around his neck. But there is less conversation than you might expect from a typical group of friends: One of the boys seems to talk only to himself, and a girl looks anxious and occasionally flaps her hands.
The young people in this group are all on the spectrum. They met through a program organized by the nonprofit Actionplay, in which young people with autism or other disabilities work together to write and stage a musical. Each Sunday, the members refine characters and the script, block scenes and compose songs — and then some of them head across the street to have lunch together. "You meet other people just like you," says Lexi Spindel, 15.
The members share a group text in which they call themselves the Wrecking Crew. A few months ago, six of the girls went to see the movie "Frozen II" together. And Lexi and Actionplay veteran Adelaide DeSole, 21, spent a long afternoon at the Spindels' apartment over the holiday season. The two young women played games and watched "SpongeBob SquarePants" and "Kung Fu Panda" on television. "That was the first time my daughter had a friend over," says Lexi's father, Jay Spindel. "That never happened before Actionplay."
From the very first recorded cases of autism, scientists have recognized that a lack of social interaction is a central part of the condition. In his 1943 paper, Leo Kanner described one autistic girl who moved among other children "like a strange being, as one moves between the pieces of furniture." He interpreted the behavior of autistic children as being governed by "the powerful desire for aloneness and sameness." For decades after, scientists and clinicians supposed that people with autism do not have friends and are not interested in forging friendships. "Until recently, there was an assumption that we would have found that the number [of friends] was zero," says Matthew Lerner, a psychologist at Stony Brook University in New York.
A new line of research is forcing a rethink of those long-held beliefs. Autistic people overwhelmingly report that they want friends. And they have shown that they can and do form friendships with both neurotypical and autistic peers, even if their interactions sometimes look different from those among neurotypical people. This reframed view of friendship aims to acknowledge and encourage a better understanding of the social lives of autistic people. It recognizes the challenges autistic people face in creating close relationships, including difficulties in processing social information and dealing with conflict. "Nothing is impossible in terms of friendships for people with autism," Lerner says, "but it does perhaps take a different route."
Social connection is a powerful predictor of long-term physical and mental health. Having meaningful friendships — or lacking them — has an impact on our cardiovascular and immune systems, stress responses, sleep and cognitive health. People with strong social connections survive longer, on average, than those with poor connections, according to a meta-analysis of more than 300,000 people. Loneliness, defined as a mismatch between desired and actual levels of social connection, is as great a risk factor for mortality as smoking, the analysis suggests. Autistic people may not look lonely, because they often separate themselves from others — but they can feel lonely.
"There's a lot of swinging and missing, but when [autistic people] do connect, it goes out of the park." Brett Heasman
In fact, autistic children tend to be lonelier than their neurotypical peers, according to a study published in 2000. And this loneliness may contribute significantly to the high incidence of depression and anxiety among autistic adults. Having more and better friendships may ease the loneliness, but there is a caveat: The friendships might be distinct from those among neurotypical people.
"The benefits probably come from autistic people finding and being supported to find the relationships that work for them," says psychologist Felicity Sedgewick of the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom. "I don't think putting a neurotypical standard of friendship as the standard that autistic people should be made to achieve would do anything positive at all and would probably be very negative."
Reading the signs:
Research has shown that the idea of autistic people as friendless is a myth. For example, in a 2016 meta-analysis of 18 studies including 1,768 autistic children aged 8 to 12 years, Lerner and his colleagues showed that the majority of the children reported having a friend. "Most kids with autism think about a friend, or they have close acquaintances. I don't think they're friendless," says Connie Kasari, a psychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who has studied autistic children in mainstream schools for years. Often, however, the quality of autistic children's friendships is poor in terms of companionship and support. Their social networks are also often small, studies suggest.
One significant barrier to these friendships is neurotypicals' conviction that autistic people are not interested in connecting with them. Appearing uninterested, however, is not always the same as being uninterested. An autistic child who looks uninterested in the games underway on a playground may in fact be overwhelmed by the noise and chaos. And an autistic adult who avoids eye contact may simply be trying to avoid overstimulation or to focus more intently on the conversation. And rhythmic, repetitive movements (hand-flapping, body-rocking and so on) are a way for some autistic people to manage their anxiety and uncertainty, not a sign of their low social interest.
"This issue about social motivation I found to be particularly pernicious, because if somebody has the assumption that another person is not interested in interacting with them, I think that's going to affect how those two individuals interact," says Vikram Jaswal, a psychologist at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. "It may become a self-fulfilling prophecy."
On the playground, for instance, autistic children tend to operate on the periphery. And for many, it is a dismal experience. "They weren't rejected; they were ignored," Kasari says. Autistic children also might not be able to find the children they know in the crowd. In a randomized controlled trial, Kasari and her colleagues trained three neurotypical children to promote positive social skills among the other children, whether autistic or typical. "These three little kids would go out on the playground," Kasari says. "They were supposed to be little ambassadors during recess and help kids engage if they weren't engaged." That simple step led to better social networks for the children with autism. Encouraging playground staff to facilitate interactions by suggesting activities also helped. Kasari plans to investigate what combination of approaches works best for individual children: It might, for example, include gentle pushes from peers and adults, together with social-skills training.
Getting the children more engaged on the playground is a good starting point. "That's the beginning of friendship. It's saying, 'We have to get you engaged and exposed to kids having fun for you to even develop a friendship,'" Kasari says. But forging a lasting friendship takes an extra ingredient: the sharing of emotional experiences. A longstanding model of friendship holds that typical children make friends by first engaging in activities together, such as playing basketball or sharing monkey bars. Deepening that friendship requires them to share emotions, either by talking about their feelings or by sharing a positive emotional experience.
Lerner and his colleagues have proposed that there are aspects of autism, including difficulty processing social information efficiently, that get in the way of this deeper phase of friendship. As a result, a child with autism may appear to find shared activities less pleasurable than a neurotypical child does. That perception then gets in the way of building a deeper connection. "It's those subtle moments of coordination that allow for effective sharing, and if you're out of sync, that might be the show-stopper for many folks," he says.
Opportunities for synchrony — or at least understanding — may emerge more readily between two autistic people than between an autistic person and a neurotypical one. One of the first papers on friendships among autistic people appeared just last year. As a graduate student, Brett Heasman worked at a drop-in center for autistic adults and was struck by the extent of social interaction among the adults playing video games. He and his doctoral supervisor at the London School of Economics in the U.K. video-recorded pairs of autistic friends playing together and coded their conversational turn-taking.
They found that the conversations had far more of what Heasman calls peaks and troughs — shifts from connection to disconnection and back again — than in a conversation between two typical people. Periods of disconnection included long stretches of one person dominating the conversation or fragmented commentary unrelated to anything that had just been said. Tight conversational turn-taking and politeness would occur when a shift in the game required cooperation or a new person entered the room. Shared experiences such as having watched an amusing YouTube video could lead to engaged discussion and laughter. "There's a lot of swinging and missing," says Heasman, now a research associate at University College London, "but when they do connect, it goes out of the park."
Even when autistic people reach the deeper levels of friendship, difficulties may await. Noah Britton is a psychologist and teacher who makes up one-fourth of the comedy troupe Asperger's Are Us. Like many other people with autism, Britton is uncomfortable opening up to other people. "You spend your whole life showing people various parts of yourself, [and] they get disappointed or confused or make fun of you," he says. "That can be really hard."
Most of Britton's friends also have autism. "I have found for myself and for a lot of the other guys diagnosed with Asperger's that I know, that we befriend other people with Asperger's," Britton says. "This is the group with whom we are most connected and similar, and so we are drawn together."
Britton's closest friends are the three other members of the troupe. When the group works and tours together, they have an easy camaraderie. What might look like obsessive or repetitive behavior to some — listening to the same song for hours, for example — provides moments of great unity for them, with the added bonus that they do not feel judged or shamed for their interest. "We were writing a new show, and while we were writing I wanted to listen to the same song over and over for the whole time," Britton says. "We just listened to 'Garden of Your Mind' by Mr. Rogers for hours. And we were all equally excited about this."
Even so, there are periods of upset when the members do not speak to one another for months, except about business. "We get very upset by stuff that doesn't make sense to other people," he says. "Sometimes we want to push people away."
"We just listened to 'Garden of Your Mind' by Mr. Rogers for hours. And we were all equally excited about this." Noah Britton
Conflict is also an area of difficulty for autistic girls and women, who cannot always easily manage or recover from it. Like most adolescents, 15-year-old Massina Commesso worries a lot about friendship and feeling included. For much of her childhood, Massina had a neurotypical best friend with whom she played games or painted her nails. But as they entered high school, the other friend pulled away, apparently out of embarrassment over some of Massina's behavior. "She told me she didn't want to invite me to her birthday party," Massina says. (The other girl's mother reportedly told Massina's mother that her daughter "has to think about her reputation.") Massina, who also has depression, was crushed and struggled to get past the rejection. "What am I living for?" she asked her mother at the time. "Nobody wants to be my friend."
When it comes to friendship, autistic girls often behave more like neurotypical girls than like autistic boys, but with some differences, according to a 2019 study. For example, like neurotypical girls, they name only one or two close friends, but unlike them tend not to have a wider circle of casual friends.
Autistic girls not only experience more conflict than their neurotypical peers but also find that conflict harder to manage. "Autistic girls tend to have a very black-and-white approach to conflict," Sedgewick says. "If something goes wrong, it feels very major; it is often catastrophic." Sedgewick saw this firsthand when she worked with an autistic teenager who had fallen out with her best friend. "She became convinced that this person absolutely hated her [and] was going to hate her forever," Sedgewick says. "She dropped [a class] that she shared with that child because she was so convinced that it was going to be awful." Sedgewick says the friendship could perhaps have been saved, but the finality of the autistic girl's actions made that impossible. Recognizing the existence and intensity of such feelings is a necessary step toward helping the girls involved cope with them, Sedgewick says.
Find your tribe:
Having friends who are also on the spectrum may skirt some of the conflict. Dena Gassner, 61, was diagnosed with autism at age 38. She has a stable of friends, both autistic and non-autistic, and works as a social worker. But like Britton, she finds it easier to connect with others on the spectrum. "You don't have to explain anything to anybody," she says. When Gassner goes out for dinner with her group of autistic friends, everyone in the group knows what to expect. "The people who can tolerate more sound or the people who brought their earplugs face the crowd. The people who cannot, face the wall," Gassner says. "Those relationships are treasured for me." In these friends, she says, she finds an almost organic give and take: "like one person inhales, and the other person exhales."
To find this precious synchrony, though, autistic people must first find one another. Ian Aquino, 12, has a passion for trains, a common special interest among autistic boys. So his mother, Susana Montes, has been taking him to the Transit Museum in Brooklyn, New York, for much of his life. When Ian was 8, the museum introduced a social-skills program called Subway Sleuths for children on the spectrum; Ian did not miss a single Saturday. "In that environment, you really don't see his differences," Montes says. "It helped him connect with the other boys." The children would play hide-and-seek and talk about trains, carrying on detailed conversations about how each one had traveled to the museum: "Did you take the A train or the 4 train?"
For some autistic people, friendships develop through experimental programs designed to support them. The goal of some of these programs is for participants not just to engage in behaviors that look social but to learn to behave in ways that help build relationships. Theater features in several of them, Lerner says, because it slows down the back and forth of conversation. "Theater is sort of breaking down and learning social interactions, and then responding to and connecting to others in a way in which everyone feels like they are a member of the group," he says. Putting on a show together, with adult mentors to help, makes for what Lerner calls "lived successes" in the experience of friendship.
In another program Lerner developed, participants play a game called Gibberish, in which teenagers must interpret each other's intentions without using real language. The point is not to get it right, he says, but to attend to what the other person is doing in a way that creates opportunities to connect. The games result in many in-jokes about the silliness that ensues. Other recreational social groups Lerner has launched make space for autistic people's preferred interests. Rather than offering video games as an extrinsic reward for talking to someone, Lerner builds them into the curriculum. "We say, if this is something you love, that's a chance to connect with each other," he says.
Many of these ideas were inspired by a moment 16 years ago after Lerner established a small camp for children with autism called Spotlight that eventually inspired similar programs around the United States. On the second or third day, an 11-year-old boy ran up and tugged Lerner's sleeve. "Matt, Matt, where did you find these kids?" Lerner recalls him asking.
"All over the place," Lerner answered. "Everyone wants to come to camp, just like you."
The boy turned to Lerner and said, "This is the first normal group of kids I have ever met."
This article was republished in Scientific American.
Originally published on Spectrum
Jim Richardson
jim@neurodiverseliving.org
196 W Ashland Street
Doylestown PA 18901
Diane Lawson
diane@neurodiverseliving.org
215 Moreland Avenue


Upper Hunter residents who install a 9,000 litre or larger rainwater tank at home may be eligible for a $400 rebate from Upper Hunter Shire Council.
The tank or tanks must hold at least 9,000 litres, receive water from at least 30% of the roof area and the residence must be connected to town water supplies in Aberdeen, Cassilis, Merriwa, Murrurundi or Scone.
The tank(s) must be connected to external fittings, including pool top up if there is a pool on the property.
If the tank is connected to plumbing fittings, the work must be done by a licensed plumber. Connecting the tank to non-potable indoor uses such as toilet/s and washing machine will allow use of the tank water year round, but will add to the expense of the installation.
Where mains water is interconnected with or used to top up domestic rainwater tanks, there must be backflow protection, to prevent any potential contamination of the mains supply. This requires an authorised backflow prevention device such as a dual check valve and a visible air gap between the mains top up and the top water level (minimum 100mm). The priority for Council is to protect the community by maintaining drinking water quality in the reticulated water supply system.
No rebate is available for tanks required under planning regulations for new houses or extensions/renovations, or for commercial or industrial users.
Residents should apply to Council for the rebate before installing the tank. If Council approves the application, and the tank and connections pass inspection, the rebate cheque will be in the mail.
Note that even if residents are not applying for a rebate, the installation of most large water tanks requires Council approval.
For more information call Alan Fletcher, Director Technical Services on 02 6540 1103.


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Watch Andy Warhol's rare film starring the Velvet Underground
Moe Gets Tied Up is on Youtube...
By Michael Bonner
The Velvet Underground with Andy Warhol (centre), Nico (bottom left), Paul Morrissey (far right) and Gerard Malanga (bottom right) around 1966 (Photo by Everett/REX Shutterstock)
Rare film footage shot by Andy Warhol featuring the Velvet Underground has recently appeared on Youtube.
Dangerous Minds reports that the film, called Moe Gets Tied Up – or, alternatively, Moe In Bondage – dates from 1966.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ho43S6_4a1I
The 32 minute film appears to be excised from a longer, 66 minute piece. According to a Velvet Underground filmography, the full film lasts 66 minutes and "is a two-reel set for double screen projection. In this film, Moe Tucker sit tied up with ropes, while Lou Reed, Sterling Morrison and John Cale play with food and monkey around. 35-minutes unofficial video copies are circulating."
The History Of Rock – a brand new monthly magazine from the makers of Uncut – goes on sale in the UK on July 9. Click here for more details.
Meanwhile, the August 2015 issue of Uncut is in shops now – featuring David Byrne, Sly & The Family Stone, BB King and the death of the blues, The Monkees, Neil Young, Merle Haggard and more.
Uncut: the spiritual home of great rock music.


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RAYMOND WEIL Announces Partnership With The Royal Albert Hall
Luxury Swiss watchmaker RAYMOND WEIL today announces a new music marketing partnership with London's most iconic concert hall that sees the Brand take the role as Official Timing Partner to the Royal Albert Hall.
Built to fulfill the vision of Prince Albert (Queen Victoria's consort) of a central hall used to promote understanding and appreciation of the Arts and Sciences, surrounded by museums and places of learning, the Hall has been affectionately titled "The Nation's Village Hall".
Since May 1871, the Royal Albert Hall has become one of the world's most desirable venues due to the vast range of events that it hosts including Opera, Ballet, Classical music and more recently Pop music and film premieres. Possibly the most recognized of these is the BBC Proms, an annual eight-week summer season of daily classical music concerts and other events broadcast live by the BBC.
"We are thrilled to have signed as the Official Timing Partner to the Royal Albert Hall as music has always been at the center of the RAYMOND WEIL universe. Collection names evoke the impassioned stories and brilliant melodies that provide the family with our inspiration: parsifal, maestro, nabucco and more" – Says Elie Bernheim, Director – RAYMOND WEIL.
RAYMOND WEIL plans to celebrate its status as Official Timing Partner of the Royal Albert Hall by using its Music Marketing know-how. The Brand will launch a multi-channel media campaign that utilizes its global marketing reach – capitalizing on its extensive social media footprint, advertising and PR power – to communicate the iconic offerings of the Royal Albert Hall to its global customer base.
"Music and luxury watchmaking have a lot in common: the creativity of the artist – musician, composer, designer, watchmaker – and the precision needed to achieve the highest performance. This new partnership with the Royal Albert Hall symbolizes everything that our Brand stands for and brings to life the multi-faceted personalities of both RAYMOND WEIL and the Royal Albert Hall in terms of supporting all music genres and using these as inspiration" – Says Olivier Bernheim, CEO & President – RAYMOND WEIL.
The partnership between RAYMOND WEIL and the Royal Albert Hall commences early July 2013.


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Music: P From Lee – I'm P From Lee
South London rapper P From Lee has released his highly anticipated new album titled I'm P From Lee. With bass-heavy production and high-energy verses from the talented musician, this album is a refreshing new addition to the music scene in the UK.
The synth leads and soothing, spacious melodies on tracks like "Hash Butter," "Thanks Man Give" and "Seller / Buyer" are smooth, with a Clams Casino type of vibe to them. Producers on the album are NIGZ TG, The Chosen Few, Tre Mission, Uphorium, Alpha, Honeywoodsix, SOS Band, Ru and Amil Raja. They provide a smooth, eclectic soundscape for P From Lee to rhyme effortlessly about his experiences growing up, being braggadocios and more fascinating introspective raps about growing up. "Columbia" features a Latin sample and a high-energy beat to complement P From Lee's menacing flow and lyricism. Overall, this is a pretty good album highlighting P From Lee's talents as an emcee. Shoutout to all the producers involved too, because they killed it too.
Listen to P From Lee's brand new album I'm P From Lee below via Spotify and don't forget to support!
0 comments on "Music: P From Lee – I'm P From Lee"


Do you own an old house without cavity wall where is cold and would you like to pay less for your gas bill?
Is your facade ugly bricks, crack wall or your paint house is flaking?
Here we are offering an logic solution for all your above question with a brand new home exterior design – External Wall Insulation system.
This is a long term investment! You can cut your LOSS by 40% and you will be able to save money from Gas Bill or Electric (depends by your heating system), hence the solid wall external insulating system cost will be pay off itself in couple of years.
You can choose either to go for an internal home insulation system but we recommend that the external walls to be insulated.
new look for your house (you can chose from a variety of colours).
last coat – Silicate-silicone decorative paint / render.
You can select any colour you dream for your house. We have a various range of colour paint where you can choose from.


1. Sew, glue or fuse the yellow ribbon in horizontal stripes on the black dress.
2. Bend the wires to form wings. Cover with black net, gather together in the centre and secure with a few stitches.
3. Use tube paints to directly paint designs over the wings.
4. Wrap the headband with a piece of black felt in the centre. Glue the sides under the headband.
5. Wind the pipe cleaners around a pencil to make them spiral. Glue one end to the felt on the headband and on the other end, insert the pom-poms.


It is the first day of school, and Annabelle is much disheartened when she sees that the girls in her class all have "ponytails and braids." She decides that what her class needs is "some fashion" and "some fun," so she sets out to find a hairdo that will bring a little pizzazz into her classroom.
When she gets home, Annabelle notices a photograph of her grandmother who has "a marvelous tower of hair." Annabelle begs her mother to arrange her hair in a bouffant that is as big as possible. Her mother responds by creating several other dos for Annabelle, none of which satisfy the little girl. Clearly, if she wants a bouffant, she is going to have to "do it myself," which is when Annabelle finds out that it is not easy to create a bouffant that does not fall down, slip, or tip. Who knew that it would be so hard to create a fashionable hairstyle.
This charming picture book with its delightful rhymes and its unique multimedia illustrations, is a tribute to all those young people who have the courage to be different and creative. They dare to follow their inclinations, and make the world a more colorful and interesting place in the process.


The once annihilated Notorious gang, Awawa Boys are back in the Agege area of Lagos State after about 3 years of hibernation.
A few years ago, the cult group reigned terror in the area but they went underground after their inner circle was infiltrated and busted by officers of the Lagos State Police Command.
They are reportedly back in the town and terrorizing residents of the area.
'at about 8:30pm yesterday, Awawa Boys numbering about 150+ unleashed terror along Dopemu Road, Agege. Commuters in traffic were robbed of their phones, wallets and cash. Some were beaten mercilessly'.
please do something about the notorious AWAWA boys in Agege, they robbed people their valuables around 8:30pm in agege, they were numbering about 150 boy.
At about 8:30pm yesterday, AWA Wa Boys numbering about 150+ unleashed terror along Dopemu Road, Agege.
Commuters in traffic were robbed of their phones, wallets and cash. Some were beaten mercilessly.
Lagos has gone to the dogs!!!


The English Riviera is well placed to offer accessible holidays for visitors that have specific needs. Our award-winning customer service and in-resort facilities, plus fully trained Visitor Information Staff, mean that holidays on the English Riviera can be enjoyed by everyone. We recommend you discuss your requirements direct with the accommodation provider.
A Victorian property built in 1860 still retaining many of the original architectural features. The grounds include a ¾ acre rear garden, South facing and with access to private pathway leading to within 100 metres of beach.
Sealawn is yards from Paignton sands, beaches and seafront attractions. It is also close to all the amenities of Paignton town.
The Corbyn Head undoubtedly has one of the most enviable locations in Torquay; just a stones throw from the beaches and all major facilities.
Bucket and spade or suit and tie?


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Bristol Eye Hospital
Bristol Eye Hospital (BEH) is one of the UK's leading ophthalmology centres and is highly respected as a pioneer in research, education and clinical practice.
The University of Bristol Department of Ophthalmology is attached to the hospital and leads its field in research into eye disease and the development of new treatments, including glaucoma, day case cataract surgery and many other fields.
Each year, over 130,000 patients are treated for at the BEH.
It costs £789 per day to care for an in-patient in the BEH.
The hospital has 24 ophthalmic consultants supported by a wide range of staff including orthoptists, optometrists, pharmacists and nurse practitioners.
BEH houses one of only two corneal transplant banks in England.
Nearly 8,000 operations take place every year.
What we have funded
Thanks to the generosity of those making a gift in their will, Above & Beyond was able to make a contribution of £500,000 to a £1.9 million redevelopment of the Eye Hospital. A new dedicated Children's Unit was created for the hospital which includes a waiting area with toys and soft play, a children's optometry room, four extra consulting rooms and a genetic eye clinic large enough for families to be seen together. It also meant a new Retinal Treatment and Research Unit was made possible bringing research and treatment more closely together allowing the team to see many more patients on clinical trials.
Please help us support BEH by donating here. Thank you.
Plasma Jet funded for St Michael's Hospital
The machine provides innovative treatment for women cervical cancer.
Amazon grant helps fund Christmas gifts for staff and patients
The grant came from NHS Charities Together.
Chiltern 50 Challenge 2021
Sign up for the 50k challenge and take on some incredible views of the historic trails.
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Providing people in South Bristol with diagnostic tests and therapy services closer to their homes.
Bristol Dental Hospital
A Centre of Excellence providing routine and specialist clinical dental services for the South West.
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The hospital is a regional referral unit for high-risk pregnancies and for fetal medicine.
Bristol Heart Institute
Opened in 2009 as a centre of excellence for cardiology care for patients across the South West.
Bristol Royal Hospital for Children
The only dedicated children's hospital in the South West.
Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre
BHOC is the cancer treatment centre for Bristol and the South West.
Bristol Royal Infirmary
A teaching hospital for general and acute medicine and surgery, critical care and emergency treatment.
Hospital shuttle bus en route for three more years
Free shuttle bus goes Above & Beyond for patients.
Supporting your hospitals
Above & Beyond is the official charity for all hospitals within University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust.
Support our work and help patients by volunteering with us.
Local solicitors are kindly donating their time to make or update your Will in exchange for a donation to your hospitals.
Our mission is to make a real difference to patients, their families and the staff who treat them in Bristol city centre hospitals.
Your donations benefit patients, their families and the staff who care for them in Bristol city centre hospitals.
Above & Beyond began in 1974 and since then has supported millions of patients, their families and staff at hospitals within UH Bristol NHS.
Above & Beyond fund grants for our hospitals that make a real difference to patient care. This page contains information for NHS staff about how to apply for a grant.
Host a Big 7Tea Party
Celebrate the NHS turning 70 with a tea party this summer!
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Kaihriyan is a village positioned in Bilaspur Sadar Block of Bilaspur district in Himachal Pradesh. Situated in rural area of Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, it is one among the 454 villages of Bilaspur Sadar Block of Bilaspur district. According to the government records, the village number of Kaihriyan is 5519598. The village has 44 houses.
According to Census 2011, Kaihriyan 's population is 226. Out of this, 115 are males whereas the females count 111 here. This village has 40 kids in the age group of 0-6 years. Among them 17 are boys and 23 are girls.
Literacy rate in Kaihriyan village is 62%. 142 out of total 226 population is literate here. Among males the literacy ratio is 73% as 84 males out of total 115 are literate however female literacy rate is 52% as 58 out of total 111 females are educated in this Village.
The Negative side is that illiteracy ratio of Kaihriyan village is 37%. Here 84 out of total 226 people are illiterate. Male illiteracy ratio here is 26% as 31 males out of total 115 are uneducated. Among the females the illiteracy ratio is 47% and 53 out of total 111 females are illiterate in this village.
The number of working people of Kaihriyan village is 138 yet 88 are non-working. And out of 138 occupied person 71 peoples are totally reliant on agriculture.


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Q: GXT Sencha Copying a liststore What is the best way to copy a ListStore? I am aware that the ListStore does not have an iterator, so I was wondering if there is a more efficient way to copy this rather than the following code:
private final ListStore<LineObject> storeA = new ListStore<LineObject>(new ModelKeyProv());
private ListStore<LineObject> storeB = new ListStore<LineObject>(new ModelKeyProv());

public void copy(){
    List<LineObject> lineListData = storeA.getAll();

    for(LineObject line: lineListData){
            storB.add(line);

    }

A: Try this code:
storeA.addAll(storeB.getAll());

This is the efficient way to copy a listStore data from one to another as far as I know.
Thanks


2014 coming to end and as we always say days are indeed flying and this year passed away just too quickly I think. Blogging wise this year has been good for Indian Khana, I manage to stay active though it was getting difficult but did manage to have only few quite months and posted some of the recipes which I can to share for long time, though everything that I post is personal favourite but here picking the top recipes which I liked myself and also by readers.
Idli Milagai Podi, idli podi, chutney powder makes great side dish with idli, dosa, or with even adai, paniyaram too it's like if you like it you will eat it with anything, I use double the same as parupu podi too and some time eat with rice too, ya that's me. There are so many ways of making idli podi or milagai podi and this one is my most basic recipe that I endup making almost every time.
Thinai Idli Dosa, thinai arisi idli dosa, foxtail millet idli dosa is healthy, vegan, diabetic friendly breakfast recipe with gluten-free option and it's also good for weight watchers like any other millet recipe. Foxtail millets are high in Iron content and these millets are totally pest-free. Foxtail not only not need any fumigants, but act as anti pest agents to store delicate pulses such as green gram. They also control blood sugar and cholesterol levels & increase HDL cholesterol. Also known as foxtail millet in english, Kangni or Kakum in hindi, Korra in telugu, Thinai in tamil, Navane in kannada, Thina in malayalam, Kang in marathi & gujarati, Kangni in punjabi, Kaon in bengali and Kanghu in oriya, know more about millets here.
Garlic Chutney, or poondu chutney, lasun (luhsun) ki chatni is spicy garlic chutney made with red chili and cocout, a variation garlic chutney what we make for chaat items. This garlic chutney makes great side dish with idli, dosa, adai, paniyaram and if you like spicy chutney then you will sure love this one too. It's always challenging to think what to make as quick side with idli or dosa other than usual coconut chutney, peanut chutney those days you can try this easy chutney recipe.
Mooli Saag Chana Dal, mooli bhaji chana dal sabzi, Mullangi Keerai Kootu is winter special recipe while we get fresh, tender radish (mooli) with their leaves. This time had very good radish to taste very tender and sweet nothing like what we get in Singapore, really very delicious radish which also served as snack in Delhi streets with some chat masala. Anyways back to the this recipe it's Chhattisgarhi special recipe to use the radish leaves and made this excellent side dish which goes well with rice, dal or roti, paratha.
Palak Pyaaz Pakode, palak ke pakode or spinach onion fritters are easy pakora recipe with fresh spinach (palak) and adding little onion for crunch. Another winter specialty is having fresh, green vegetables with ample of beautiful looking spinach. In North India now spinach is everywhere, fresh and cute and during our trip we were making every second day palak dal, palak pakoda and finally towards the end of our vacation I manage to click the palak pyaaz pakode pictures.
Dimer Dalna, dimer jhol, aloo dimer dalna or Bengali style anda aloo curry or egg potato curry is one of the favorite potato egg curry with addition of freshly made panch phoran this egg curry is delicious and makes excellent meal with rice or paratha. This recipe can be made very quickly and if we have boiled eggs and potato in hand, i you like egg and spicy food then you will love this recipe.
Matar Paneer Masala, Mattar Paneer or also known as Mutter Paneer is popular Punjabi side dish with roti, paratha, pulao and one of the best winter recipe as we have fresh, sweet peas (matar) in season plus fresh stocks of paneer. Most of the people like matar paneer so it's very common dish in party or mostly in buffet :) I wanted to post mutter paneer recipe which I make it with both fresh paneer and peas (matar) which is rare being in Singapore but finally it happening now as during last India trip enjoyed winter and winter products to fullest.
Varagu Pulao, Kodra pulao, kodo millet pualo is easy, flavorful pulao or rice variety and it makes great lunch, dinner or lunch box recipe. Varagu pulao is like all millets healthy, gluten-free, vegan making it excellent choice for weight watchers, diabetics people as we could not miss regular rice at all in this recipe. Kodo millet also known as varagu in tamil, kodra in hindi/marathi/punjabi/gujarati, arikelu in telugu, harka in kannda, koovaragu in malayalam, kodo in bengali and kodua in oriya.
Boondi Raita or Boondi Ka Raita is easy raita recipe made with crunchy boondi and spices. Boondi ka raita makes great side dish with Stuffed paratha or variety rice, pulao well. There are few ways of making this boondi raita too and this is the most simple way with minimal ingredients which not only makes great side dish but also quick snack to munch on specially on summer days. Paired specially with pulao or biryani boondi raita makes excellent combination.
Anar Raita or Pomegranate Raita is easy raita recipe made with colorful pomegranate and spices. Anar ka raita makes great side dish with paratha or variety rice, pulao well. There are few ways of making this anar or pomegranate raita too and this is the most simple way with minimal ingredients which not only makes great side dish but also quick snack to munch on specially on summer days or if you are on diet then use low-fat yogurt and enjoy this delicious raita as snack.
Sukhi Arbi, arbi fry, seppankizhangu varaval, seppankizhangu roast is easy, delicious side dish which can be also served as snack or starter. Sukhi arbi makes excellet side dish with paratha, rice dal/sambar or rasam. Crispy, spicy sukhi arbi fry is delicious to eat we just need to make sure to fry the arbi well to avoid any itchiness that arbi (colocasia), yam usually has but if we fry it well then we can avoid that also we can apply little oil on hands while handling arbi or yam to avoid itchiness too.


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Körsbärshäxkvast (Taphrina wiesneri) är en svampart som först beskrevs av Ráthay, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Mix 1954. Körsbärshäxkvast ingår i släktet Taphrina och familjen häxkvastsvampar.  Arten är reproducerande i Sverige. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Häxkvastsvampar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Online Booking Fee is $15 per date booked. Your babysitting booking is not confirmed until we contact you. The Hourly Rate for children both under 24 months is $25. For very young infants two babysitters may be required at our discretion. Double rates apply after 1 am. Travel fees apply beyond 10 km from Queenstown CBD. The Booking Fee, Hourly Rate and any travel fees are paid in $NZ cash directly to your carer. Special rates for Christmas Day, New Year's Day, New Year's Eve (evening), Good Friday, Easter Monday, Weddings and babysitting not at your accommodation. The minimum booking is 3 hours for an evening babysitter. The minimum booking is 6 hours for daytime care unless negotiated by prior arrangement. We do our best to provide the same nanny for multiple dates but this cannot be guaranteed.


Well, we finally did it. LeanKit now has file attachments. When we first started out, our corporate clients were a little leery of this whole SaaS thingy. They weren't too sure if they liked their sticky notes being online instead of being on a wall, safely in the office. But they told us they definitely didn't want people storing files out there on the Interwebs. So, we didn't allow file attachments. We gave people the ability to link from cards instead in multiple ways and they often used those to link to document repositories.
But, since then people, even the guys in corporate information security, have gotten more used to the Cloud. They have iPhones with Box.net, Dropbox, etc. And more and more started asking us why we didn't have file attachments instead of warning against them. So, we finally added a file attachments feature to our online kanban tool – something that is (we know) hardly Earth shaking, but we hope will make LeanKit that much more useful for our current and future customers.
There are, we promise, some much more exciting changes afoot in the near future. Stay tuned!


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Turkish Surgical Society
Turkish Journal of Surgery
Retractions and Errata
A study on initial outcome of selective non-operative management in penetrating abdominal injury in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh
Md Sumon Rahman1, Kamrul Hasan2, Hasal Ul Banna1, Akm Maruf Raza3, Tarafder Habibullah4
1Department of Surgery, Jahurul Islam Medical College and Hospital, Kishoregonj, Bangladesh
2Department of Surgery, Cumilla General Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh
3Department of Pathology, Jahurul Islam Medical College and Hospital, Kishoregonji, Bangladesh
4Department of Surgery, Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the initial outcome of non-operative, conservative management in selective penetrating abdominal injury in a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study done on purposively selected 36 patients with penetrating abdominal injuries of all ages admitted within 6 hours of the incident. All patients confirmed peritoneal breach and standard algorithm of management was followed. Closed monitoring was ensured with repeated investigations at regular intervals. Outcome parameters included surgical site infection (SSI), fever, hypothermia, wound dehiscence, fecal fistula, length of stay, pulmonary complication and death.
Results: A total of 36 patients with a mean age of 30 years (SD= 6.7), consisting all males, mostly (58%) from rural areas and 73% from low socioeconomic condition. Site of injury was noted in the epigastrium (42%) and right iliac region (22%). Among them, 33 (92%) patients were successfully managed with non-operative management and 3 (8%) patients needed laparotomy. Routine imaging and clinical observation could detect hollow viscus injury within 36 hours in 3 patients. Hospital stay was significantly lower (< 7 days) in conservative management.
Conclusion: Clinical examination alone and/or together with different diagnostic methods could reduce the number of negative laparotomies and associated morbidities. Single surgeon must closely monitor a patient of penetrating abdominal injury and take vital decisions from the time of admission until discharge.
Keywords: Penetrating abdominal injury, non-operative management, conservative management
Cite this article as: Rahman MS, Hasan K, Banna HU, Raza AM, Habibullah T. A study on initial outcome of selective non-operative management in penetrating abdominal injury in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Turk J Surg 2019; 35 (2): 117-123
Ethics Committee Approval
This study was approved by the BCPS (Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons), Bangladesh ethical review committee.
Informed consent was obtained from all individual patients included in our study.
Externally peer-reviewed.
Consept - M.S.R.; Design - M.S.R.; Supervision - A.M.R., H.U.B.; Data Collection and/or Processing - M.S.R., K.H., T.H.; Analysis and Interpretation - M.S.R., A.M.R., H.U.B., K.H., T.H.; Literature Search - T.H., H.U.B.; Writing Manuscript - H.U.B., K.H.; Critical Reviews - M.S.R., A.M.R.
No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.
The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.
Issue: 2019, Volume 35, Issue 2
DOI: 10.5578/turkjsurg.4190
Category: Original Article
Rahman MS, Hasan K, Banna HU, Raza AM, Habibullah T. A study on initial outcome of selective non-operative management in penetrating abdominal injury in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Turk J Surg. 2019;35(2):117-123.
Koru Mah. Ihlamur Cad. No: 26 06810 Çayyolu / ANKARA / TURKEY
Phone: +90 (312) 241 99 90 - Fax: +90 (312) 241 99 91
E-Mail: turkcer@turkcer.org.tr
© 2019 Turkish Surgical Association. All rights reserved.