text:
/***********************************************************************
	filename: 	CEGUIListboxTextItem.h
	created:	12/6/2004
	author:		Paul D Turner

	purpose:	Interface for list box text items
*************************************************************************/
/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2004 - 2006 Paul D Turner & The CEGUI Development Team
 *
 *   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 *   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 *   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 *   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 *   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 *   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 *   the following conditions:
 *
 *   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 *   included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 *   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 *   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 *   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 *   IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
 *   OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
 *   ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 *   OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 ***************************************************************************/
#ifndef _CEGUIListboxTextItem_h_
#define _CEGUIListboxTextItem_h_
#include "elements/CEGUIListboxItem.h"

// Start of CEGUI namespace section
namespace CEGUI
{
/*!
\brief
	Class used for textual items in a list box.
*/
class CEGUIEXPORT ListboxTextItem : public ListboxItem
{
public:
	/*************************************************************************
		Constants
	*************************************************************************/
	static const colour	DefaultTextColour;			//!< Default text colour.

	/*************************************************************************
		Construction and Destruction
	*************************************************************************/
	/*!
	\brief
		base class constructor
	*/
	ListboxTextItem(const String& text, uint item_id = 0, void* item_data = 0, bool disabled = false, bool auto_delete = true);

	/*!
	\brief
		base class destructor
	*/
	virtual ~ListboxTextItem(void) {}

	/*************************************************************************
		Accessor methods
	*************************************************************************/
	/*!
	\brief
		Return a pointer to the font being used by this ListboxTextItem

		This method will try a number of places to find a font to be used.  If no font can be
		found, NULL is returned.

	\return
		Font to be used for rendering this item
	*/
	Font*	getFont(void) const;

	/*!
	\brief
		Return the current colours used for text rendering.

	\return
		ColourRect object describing the currently set colours
	*/
	ColourRect	getTextColours(void) const		{return d_textCols;}

	/*************************************************************************
		Manipulator methods
	*************************************************************************/
	/*!
	\brief
		Set the font to be used by this ListboxTextItem

	\param font
		Font to be used for rendering this item

	\return
		Nothing
	*/
	void	setFont(Font* font)		{d_font = font;}

	/*!
	\brief
		Set the font to be used by this ListboxTextItem

	\param font_name
		String object containing the name of the Font to be used for rendering this item

	\return
		Nothing
	*/
	void	setFont(const String& font_name);

	/*!
	\brief
		Set the colours used for text rendering.

	\param cols
		ColourRect object describing the colours to be used.

	\return
		Nothing.
	*/
	void	setTextColours(const ColourRect& cols)			{d_textCols = cols;}

	/*!
	\brief
		Set the colours used for text rendering.

	\param top_left_colour
		Colour (as ARGB value) to be applied to the top-left corner of each text glyph rendered.

	\param top_right_colour
		Colour (as ARGB value) to be applied to the top-right corner of each text glyph rendered.

	\param bottom_left_colour
		Colour (as ARGB value) to be applied to the bottom-left corner of each text glyph rendered.

	\param bottom_right_colour
		Colour (as ARGB value) to be applied to the bottom-right corner of each text glyph rendered.

	\return
		Nothing.
	*/
	void	setTextColours(colour top_left_colour, colour top_right_colour, colour bottom_left_colour, colour bottom_right_colour);

	/*!
	\brief
		Set the colours used for text rendering.

	\param col
		colour value to be used when rendering.

	\return
		Nothing.
	*/
	void	setTextColours(colour col)		{setTextColours(col, col, col, col);}

	/*************************************************************************
		Required implementations of pure virtuals from the base class.
	*************************************************************************/
    Size getPixelSize(void) const;
    void draw(const Vector3& position, float alpha, const Rect& clipper) const;
    void draw(RenderCache& cache,const Rect& targetRect, float zBase,  float alpha, const Rect* clipper) const;

protected:
	/*************************************************************************
		Implementation Data
	*************************************************************************/
	ColourRect	d_textCols;			//!< Colours used for rendering the text.
	Font*		d_font;				//!< Font used for rendering text.
};

} // End of  CEGUI namespace section

#endif	// end of guard _CEGUIListboxTextItem_h_


We're entering a time when Medicaid itself is being redesigned, meaning how care is coordinated– and what it will pay for – will be vastly different than what we're used to. Heritage Christian Services is adapting and innovating so it can always provide services to people in need.
• HCS now offering greater choice and flexibility in things like respite, supporting people in meaningful day activities and in building skills in their own homes.
• For people with disabilities who would like something outside of a traditional group home, the agency created a housing option that's tailored to the number of hours of staffing each person needs and allows for more flexibility in the number of people at each site.
• Through the Nursing Home Transition Diversion Waiver – which is designed to keep adults who would traditionally be referred for nursing home care in their own homes – Heritage Christian can provide environmental modifications, moving assistance, community transitional services, positive behavioral interventions and supports and independent living skills training.
• The agency soon will begin offering nursing and personal care to people of all abilities.
As Medicaid continues to change, it will stop offering support to people with disabilities in a one-size-fits-all package. Instead, people will have the option of choosing what supports are most important and which agency they would like to work with. HCS has already built the infrastructure for the new way Medicaid will be doing business with agencies.
In the graphic below, we've outlined the route a person can take to receive traditional services, if there are opportunities available, and the route to creating a self-directed or individualized plan.
• One gentleman lives in an apartment where staff is on call when he needs them. He meets with someone one time each week to work on building social skills, attends a day program two times a week to work on technology skills, is learning to use public transportation and is taking adult education classes, where he can learn more about some of his hobbies. Health and fitness are important to him, so he uses a portion of his budget for a gym membership.
• One woman lives at home with her family but could not find a nearby day program that could support her physical needs and provide the kind of intellectual stimulation that she craves. Through her individualized plan, she has direct care staff for 40 hours a week, can travel to see occupational and physical therapists, swim at a community pool and visit the library, where she learned about technology that allows her to get books on a USB drive and have them read to her.
What are the roles of the different brokers? A startup broker supports families in creating a customized plan to meet the annual needs of their loved ones. The startup broker also supports the family with identifying what's called a financial management service provider, which is an agency like Heritage Christian that helps manage the Medicaid money that's associated with an individual's plan for services. Then, a different broker – a support broker – is charged with helping families and individuals carry out the plan.
How will that be different than what I'm used to? People with disabilities, along with their support circles, will be in the driver's seat, actively making decisions for their lives and directing their services. Heritage Christian has always worked toward treating people with dignity and encouraged as much independence as possible. This process helps standardize that.
How do I get started? Contact your Medicaid service coordinator. The service coordinator will complete a referral for you. Once the referral is approved, you will be given a list of startup brokers and financial management services providers to choose from and partner with to begin your customized plan.


text:
celebrity, News
Coleen Rooney 'won't be bullied' by Rebekah Vardy as the the court battle between the two ramps up. The former pals are currently preparing to face each other in court over libel allegations and neither is willing to back down. It was recently revealed that Rebekah turned up the heat on the situation by [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2020-11-16T16:16:21+00:00August 31st, 2020|celebrity, News|
Britney Spears has asked a court to keep her father from reasserting the broad control over her life and career that he has had for most of the past 12 years. In documents filed by her court-appointed lawyer that give a rare public airing to the wishes of the 38-year-old pop superstar, she asked [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2020-11-16T16:16:22+00:00August 20th, 2020|celebrity, News|
The Suchess of Sussex was left "unprotected by the Institution" of the monarchy when attacked by the media and "prohibited from defending herself", according to leaked court documents. The papers form part of Meghan Markle's legal action against the publisher of the Mail on Sunday and MailOnline over articles which featured parts of a "private [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2020-11-16T16:16:22+00:00July 2nd, 2020|celebrity, News|
Brad Pitt Reportedly Fighting For Joint Custody Amid Angelina Jolie Divorce
celebrity, Courts, Divorce, Family Law
Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie reportedly met in person recently to work out their ongoing divorce settlement. The main issue at the moment is the custody of the children. The two currently have a temporary arrangement that allows Pitt to see his kids, and are looking to find a permanent solution. According to a report [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2020-11-16T16:17:32+00:00February 1st, 2019|celebrity, Courts, Divorce, Family Law|
Usher divorcing wife Grace Miguel after three years of marriage
celebrity, Courts, Divorce
Grace Miguel and popular singer Usher are divorcing after three years of marriage. Usher has filed for divorce from his wife, Grace Miguel, nine months after separating. Usher, 40, and Miguel, 49, began dating in 2009 and later were married in Cuba in 2015. They confirmed their split in March last year in a joint [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2020-11-16T16:17:32+00:00January 23rd, 2019|celebrity, Courts, Divorce|
Prince Philip involved in car crash near Sandringham estate
Accident, celebrity, Driving, Personal Injuries, personal injury claim
The Duke of Edinburgh has escaped unhurt after the car he was driving was involved in a crash close to the Sandringham estate in Norfolk. Police were called to the scene of a collision involving 97-year-old Prince Philip on Thursday. Witnesses told the BBC the Land Rover being driven by Philip had overturned after pulling out from [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2019-01-18T10:51:31+00:00January 18th, 2019|Accident, celebrity, Driving, Personal Injuries, personal injury claim|
Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and wife MacKenzie set to divorce
Billionaire Jeff Bezos, founder and chief executive of Amazon.com Inc, and wife MacKenzie Bezos, are divorcing after 25 years of marriage, the couple said in a joint statement on Twitter on Wednesday. Jeff Bezos, 54, is the world's richest person, with a fortune that has soared to more than $160 billion (€139 billion) thanks to his stake [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2019-01-17T13:40:57+00:00January 17th, 2019|celebrity, Courts, Divorce|
Angelina Jolie Compromises With Brad Pitt In Custody Battle
Jolie reportedly still has over 50 percent of the custody for their six children, but it's still a huge victory for Pitt who has managed to obtain the right to spend more time with the bunch than he used to. 'The custody battle was long and arduous. and in the end, Angelina conceded a lot, [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2018-12-13T10:51:51+00:00December 13th, 2018|celebrity, Courts, Divorce, Family Law|
Cardi B Announces That She and Offset Are Splitting Up
celebrity, Divorce
Cardi B made a shocking announcement on Instagram late Tuesday night when she posted a video of her confirming that she and husband Offset are getting a divorce. The two have been married for over a year now and had a daughter named Kulture together back in July. In the clip, Cardi says that she and Offset had been [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2018-12-06T16:23:46+00:00December 6th, 2018|celebrity, Divorce|
Ant McPartlin 'sorting financial arrangements and details' of divorce from Lisa Armstrong
celebrity, Divorce, Separation
Ant McPartlin is the process of sorting the financial arrangements and final details surrounding his divorce from estranged wife Lisa Armstrong. Divorce proceedings to end their 12-year marriage began at a 30-second hearing in October after McPartlin, 43, admitted adultery with Anne-Marie, his former personal assistant. Court documents revealed that he had 'committed adultery' and [...]
By OBrienRonayne|2018-12-04T09:00:24+00:00December 4th, 2018|celebrity, Divorce, Separation|

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It has been about 6 weeks since I started using Parnevu T-Tree Growth Crème. I have seen a noticeable difference in my hair and scalp because of this product. It has helped me in controlling breakage, nourishing my scalp and aiding my hair in re-growing. The picture that is accompanying this post was taken around November 18.
This is a great improvement over what I was doing. I have always been visiting a hair salon weekly, dieting and exercising. Sometimes, I wouldn't give my scalp what it needed which was constant nourishment. I would however always apply some sort of moisturizer to my hair. Keeping a healthy scalp, massaging it and weekly or doing it yourself salon visits are important.
Treat yourself to some of these products for the holidays. I would like to wish you and yours a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!


Assuming both Son and Lucas start they will have to be a little cautious with the pace those two have. One break and they have to score 3.
Hope their fans are as quiet as they usually are.
Yep and a very good chance that will happen, though when it does I expect the money to fall out the game. That will be because they introduce a super league, or 4 or 5 teams are bought by other rich owners that want a play thing.
I actually think that, while the lower sides are further behind than ever, there's no reduction in their quality, just an improvement in the quality of the top sides. That there are six sides who you could suggest as champions without being ridiculed is more than any other league, surely that is competitive no?
Throw in the fact that the last three champions have been different sides and it's actually quite refreshing for me, having grown up seeing only two sides win the title in 9 successive seasons (96-05) and then Chelsea effectively replaced arsenal and only two sides won the pot for the next 7 seasons. However, in the 7 seasons since, four different sides have won the title, and thus year it might become five in eight. No other top league can offer that.
IMO that is what we have been doing wrong before. Naively going to City/Liverpool thinking that we will just play our game.
In the same sense Madrid had the players to unlock and defense last season and we beat them 3-1. Which is why I want us to employ similar tactics against City. Catch them napping on the counter, score a goal and the pressure is all on them. We just have to be defensively sound and be ready to pounce on any mistake.
We played our game in the first leg and last 20 mins of the Liverpool game and were the better team. When we drew 2-2 bit should have beaten Liverpool last season we sat back and got battered, then we started to press and again should have won. If we don't press they get time.
Do you think we can hold out by sitting back? We need to press.
I wouldn't park the proverbial bus, but we do need to be defensive minded in our approach to the game.
If we play too open and expansive they will exploit the spaces we leave in order to play this way. We should press with the intention of counter attacking, but not to the point where we leave gaps for their attackers to exploit.
City want us to press. They know they are good enough to play their way out of it.
We pressed them last week and restricted them to two shots on target, I think they were only able to successfully play through the press a couple of times last week, one was the chance for Sterling early in the 2nd half and there were a couple of Aguero chances which he put wide.
I'm terrified for this game. If we do this and beat them I honestly think will get to the CL final!
I honestly think, against my better judgement, that if we score first we'll go through.
They'll come out flying. Got to be solid in that first half. Weather that inevitable storm and we might just be ok. Can't wait.
First 30 mins is massive. Get through that and you never know.
Attacking wise they are scary no doubt but defensively they can really be got at with son & moura running at them.
It's not even the grammar thread anymore these days.
No, but having said that I think they can be shaky if we counter attack.
what our opponents fans are saying about us.
if only there was a thread like that !


At Albertina Kerr, we hope all our volunteers can maximize their skills and interests to make their volunteer experience with us both memorable and meaningful. Working together, your time will make an impact on the lives of the Oregonians we serve.
Your time will be used wisely. Albertina Kerr is focused on using the talents of our volunteers to make the greatest impact where and when it is most needed.
Volunteers will receive all necessary trainings to maintain the highest standards in our program, development and business operations.
We will do our best to place volunteers according to their wishes. We promise to offer a range of volunteer involvement opportunities where your skills and input will impact lives.
Expect appreciation and recognition. All volunteers are important to the work of Albertina Kerr and each individual will be appreciated for their efforts towards fulfilling our mission.
Your privacy and security of personal information is our top concern. Our privacy and security statement is posted on the Albertina Kerr website. We will not sell, share or give your name or information to other organizations.
You can ask any question and receive prompt truthful answers. We strive to be as transparent as possible in our operations.


KRIS PARONTO, affectionately known as "Tanto" in security contracting circles, is a former Army Ranger from 2nd Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment and private security contractor who has deployed throughout South America, Central America, the Middle East and North Africa. He has worked with the US Government's Global Response Staff, the US State Department High Threat Protection Program, and Blackwater Security Consulting conducting low-profile security in high-threat environments throughout the world. He is the coauthor of the book 13 Hours, describing his experiences responding to the 2012 terrorist attack on the US Special Mission in Benghazi, Libya, with Mitchell Zuckoff and the five surviving security team members. Tanto is currently Lead Firearm Instructor with 88 Tactical and speaks regularly throughout the United States on leadership, faith, and motivation. He lives in Omaha, Nebraska.


text:
Home Must Reads Heart Wrenching
Grandma, 99, sees love letter wartime fiance wrote 77 years ago
Great grandmother, Phyllis Ponting, was in love with Bill Walker during the war and has now read his final letter after a trove was recovered from the sunken SS Gairsoppa - downed by a Nazi U-boat in 1941
by Ben Gelblum
in Heart Wrenching, Must Reads
A great grandmother aged 99 has received a love letter written by her Second World War fiance 77 years after he wrote it.
Phyllis Ponting, from Wiltshire, has finally read a hand-written love letter from her soldier fiance which was lost at sea for almost 80 years.
The 99-year-old gave up hope of ever hearing from her beloved Bill Walker, serving in India, after he never answered her letter accepting his proposal of marriage.
But incredibly – 77 years after he wrote his reply – it has been found at the bottom of the sea.
The letter has laid deep underwater for almost 80 years when the cargo ship transporting it to Britain was sunk off the coast of Galway by German U-boats in 1941.
No one knows if Mr Walker survived the India conflict, and heartbroken Phyllis, whose maiden name was Aldridge, went on to find happiness with Jim Holloway.
The pair married, and the couple had four children but for years, Phyllis forever wondered what happened to long-lost Bill.
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Grandmother of four and great grandmother to seven, Phyllis, said: "I can't believe the letter was at the bottom of the sea and now I can read it.
"I don't think Bill can have survived the war, otherwise he would have been straight round to my address in Roseland Avenue.
"We would have been married. He loved me a lot."
His letter was one of 700 to survive in the wreck, three miles under the waves, that were found by marine archaeologists off Ireland's coast in British waters.
Phyllis told the BBC she's sure Bill didn't survive as "otherwise he would have been straight round to my address. We would have been married. He loved me a lot".
The message of love was salvaged from the wreck of the SS Gairsoppa, a steam-powered cargo ship 300 miles off Ireland's coast.
Remarkably, Phyllis has been tracked down as the 'Phyll' in the letters following a feature on BBC's The One Show.
She has since been visited by London Postal Museum representatives and given copies of Bill's letter for keeps.
Phyllis and Bill met in Devizes when Bill was stationed at the Wiltshire Regiment's local barracks.
In the letter, he speaks about her acceptance of his marriage proposal and wrote back: "I wish you could have been there when I opened it.
"I wept with joy. I could not help it. If you could only know how happy it made me, darling."
His letter was among hundreds personal letters, many from servicemen, which were being transported on the vessel and which were lost when the steam cargo ship was torpedoed off the coast of Ireland.
The ship, which was also carrying a huge haul of 48 tons of silver, sank almost 4,700 metres to the bottom of the Atlantic.
Sadly 83 of the 84 crew members died in the shipwreck, about 300 miles off the coast of Galway.
But incredibly, the heartwarming collection of letters from India – many to lovers at home – were recovered in almost perfect condition from the seabed.
They are now part of a heart-rending exhibition called Voices from the Deep, being staged at London's Postal Museum.
Work to recover the cargo, including the letters, began in 2011.
Museum curator Shaun Kingsley said: "It's the largest collection of letters since people started to write to survive any shipwreck, anywhere in the world.
"It shouldn't have been preserved, but because there was no light, there was no oxygen, it was darkness, it was like putting a collection of organics in a tin can, sealing it up and putting it in a fridge freezer.
"And in the conservation lab, slowly and suddenly words started to appear. Some 700 letters written from British India in 1940."
American-backed salvage firm Odyssey Marine Exploration say the rescued haul is the heaviest and deepest recovery of precious metals from a shipwreck ever made.
The company, under contract to the British Government, will get to keep 80 per cent of the haul after expenses. The remaining 20 per cent will go to the Treasury.
The first 1,200 silver bars of the haul, or about 1.8 million troy ounces, was worth about £23.7 million (about $37 million).
The SS Gairsoppa, built at the Jarrow shipyard in 1919, was steaming home to Liverpool from India in 1941.
She sank in British waters and the 412ft-long steamship has remained sitting upright on the seabed with her holds open, nearly three miles under water.
A single torpedo from U-101 sank her in 20 minutes, on February 17, 1941.
By Ben Gelblum and Jack Longstaff
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Alex Lodge: Weekly Report Vol. 45


text:
Fastener Standards
Fastener Standards address the dimensions, testing, and use of screws, bolts, nuts, rivets, flanges, studs, and so forth. With ubiquitous usage in many fields of industry, fasteners come in a similarly wide variety, differing even within the range of a single design in everything from size to material, coating, inspection criteria, etc. Thus, standardization serves its role to assist interchangeability between different parts and manufacturers, as well as the reliability of those parts.
Standards developing organization such as the Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI), SAE International (SAE), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and others have produced the below voluntary consensus standards.
Back to Automotive and Aerospace Standards Home
General Fastener Standards
General fastener standards include dictionaries of terminology, abbreviations, and designations applicable to multiple types of fasteners, across multiple applications and industries, serving as a foundation for more nuanced standards that are then free to delve into the specifics of a specific type of fastener to be used in a specific application. Additionally, standards have been developed for quality assurance to promote both thoroughness and fairness in assessments.
Fastener Standards for Screws, Bolts, and Studs
Screws, bolts, and studs share many features with regard to their form, and, as a result, many standards apply to more than one kind of these closely related fasteners. However, there are of course differentiating features between them, and so they also have standards specific to each of them in addition to unifying standards such as those for threading, heads, and sockets.
Fastener Standards for Nuts
Fastener standards for nuts cover multiple kinds of self-locking nuts, as well as a similar range of hex nuts. Additionally, standards have been developed to address test methods, surface discontinuities, mechanical and material properties, and the properties of nuts to be used in specific applications. Both inch and metric nuts are covered.
Fastener Standards for Rivets
Fastener standards for rivets cover multiple kinds of blind rivets, addressing closed, open, and self-plugging varieties. Other rivet standards address the mechanical and material properties of the alloys the rivets are made from. Given the high performance requirements for rivets in the aerospace industry, there are separate standards addressing aerospace rivets, as well as additional ones for other specific applications.
Fastener Material Standards
Fastener standards for materials address the very metals that fasteners are composed of. With different applications requiring varying levels of corrosion resistance, resistance to deformity and high strength at different high temperatures, different manufacturing processes, dimensions, as well as considerations of matching metals to prevent galvanic corrosion.
Fastener Assembly Tool Standards
Fastener assembly tool standards cover the tools, and their variable parts, that handle the fasteners during their installation. Given the variability within screwdrivers, starting from whether they are machine or hand operated, and continuing down all the way to the bits that actually make contact with the fastener, standardization promotes interchangeability between tools and parts of different manufacturers, and fasteners of yet a different manufacturer.
Fastener Wrench Standards
Fastener standards for wrenches have to encompass the wide range of fasteners that wrenches are used upon, addressing wrenches intended for both metric and inch fasteners, and the necessary dimensions of the parts of the wrench for them to be able to properly apply torque to fasteners while hand-held versions remain ergonomic and machine driven remain compatible.
Standards for Fastener Test Methods
Test method standards for fasteners cover test procedures for screws and nuts, gauging their performance under the conditions they are intended for. Test procedures are available for both inch and metric series fasteners.
Standards for Fastener Surface Discontinuities
Standards for surface discontinuities on fasteners establish limits and acceptance criteria for surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, studs, and nuts. Particular attention is paid to screw threading on high-strength fasteners intended for use under high pressures. Standards are available for both inch and metric series fasteners.
Wood Fastener Standards
Standards for wood fasteners address considerations applicable specifically to fasteners used with wood, as opposed to the more commonly used metal. Wood materials covered are solid timber, glued laminated timber, wood-based sheet products, and bamboo.
Coating Standards for Fasteners
Standards for fastener coatings deal with protective coatings, the design of fasteners that have coatings applied to them, and the requirements for the application of the coating itself. Since matching the coating material and procedure to the fastener material and the intended application is balancing many variables, standardization promotes reliability in design across manufacturers.
Fastener Standards for Washers
Standards for washers cover suitable washers for a variety of different fastener types, as well as addressing specifications for washers of differing strengths for more demanding applications in industries such as aerospace. Standards for washers are available for both inch and metric series fasteners.
Torque Standards for Fasteners
Standards for the torque-tension relationship in fasteners cover tests for determining it on both externally and internally threaded fasteners, tightening procedures, and quality control methods for those procedures, as well as laying out the interactions between all the applicable variables at play between different physical forces. Torque-tension relationship standards are available for both inch and metric series fasteners.
Standards for Medical Fasteners
Standards for medical fasteners address the nuances specific to medical usage of fasteners, such as the potentially catastrophic interactions between the human body and surgical implants. Medical fastener standards cover their mechanical requirements, dimensions, test methods, and the design of plates for screws to interact with.
Corrosion Standards for Fasteners
Standards for corrosion dealing with fasteners address the ever-present consideration of corrosion that comes with using (multiple) metal materials. Providing methods of corrosion prevention and methods for accelerated corrosion tests, these developed standards serve to promote reliable durability in the manufacture and use of fasteners.


text:
curiousoyster.co
How Has Bifocal Spectacles Impacted Society Today?
Bifocal Spectacles- A Brief History
How Bifocal Spectacles Have Impacted Society
The Pros of Bifocal Spectacles
The Cons of Bifocal Spectacles
How Bifocal Spectacles Have Changed Over Time
The Future of Bifocal Spectacles
Bifocal Spectacles and Your Health
Bifocal Spectacles and Children
Bifocal Spectacles- A Conclusion
How has the invention of bifocal spectacles impacted society today? This blog post explores the history of this important invention and its effects on the world today.
Bifocal spectacles are a type of lens that have two distinct optical powers, one for distance vision, and one for near vision. They were first invented in 1784 by Benjamin Franklin. The design consists of a half-moon shaped segment of a second, stronger lens glued to the bottom of the main lens.
The invention of bifocals had a profound impact on society at the time, as it allowed people who previously could not see well at both near and far distances to improve their vision in both conditions. The ability to see clearly at both near and far distances was a major advantage for many people, especially those who worked in professions that required them to read or do other work up close.
In the present day, bifocal spectacles are still used by many people who need them to see clearly at both near and far distances. The invention of bifocals has had a significant impact on society, as it has helped many people to improve their vision and live better lives.
While the use of bifocal spectacles is not a new invention, their impact on society today cannot be understated. Bifocals are glasses with two different corrective lenses, one for near vision and one for distance vision. This allows people who require corrective lenses to see clearly at both close and far distances without having to switch between two pairs of glasses. The invention of bifocals has had a profound impact on the lives of many people, especially those who require corrective lenses to see clearly.
Bifocals have impacted society in a number of ways. For one, they have made it possible for many people to live more active lifestyles. With bifocals, people can participate in activities that require both near and far vision without having to constantly switch between two pairs of glasses. This is especially beneficial for activities that involve a lot of movement, such as sports. In addition, bifocals have also made it easier for people to work on computers and perform other close-up tasks.
Another way that bifocals have impacted society is by making it possible for people to age more gracefully. As we age, our vision often deteriorates and it becomes more difficult to see both close up and far away. Bifocals help alleviate this problem by providing clear vision at all distances. This allows older adults to stay independent longer and avoid having to rely on others to help them with tasks that require good vision.
All in all, the invention of bifocal spectacles has had a positive impact on society by making it possible for many people to live more active lifestyles and age more gracefully.
Bifocals were invented in the late 1700s by Benjamin Franklin, and they have been helping people see clearly ever since. Today, bifocals are commonly used by people of all ages who have presbyopia, a condition that causes the eyes to lose their ability to focus on close objects.
Bifocal spectacles have a number of advantages over other types of eyewear. For one thing, they are much more convenient than wearing two pairs of glasses or switch between them. They are also less expensive than having two pairs of glasses or getting surgery to correct presbyopia. Additionally, bifocals can help prevent eye fatigue and headaches that can occur when people with presbyopia try to focus on close objects without corrective lenses.
Overall, bifocal spectacles have had a positive impact on society by making it easier for people with presbyopia to see clearly.
Although bifocal spectacles have helped countless people see more clearly, they do have some potential drawbacks. One potential downside is that they may need to be adjusted frequently. If your prescription changes or your eyesight deteriorates, you may need to get new glasses or contact lenses. Additionally, bifocals can cause headaches or eye fatigue if they're not fitted properly.
Another downside to bifocals is that they can be somewhat noticeable. If you wear them in public, people may be able to tell that you're wearing them. Additionally, bifocals can make it difficult to see in low-light conditions. If you're trying to read in a dimly lit room, for example, you may have difficulty seeing the print clearly.
If you wear contact lenses, there are some special considerations to take into account. First, it's important to clean your lenses regularly and replace them as needed. Additionally, you should be aware that bifocal contact lenses can be more expensive than traditional lenses.
Overall, bifocal spectacles have helped many people see more clearly. However, they do have some potential drawbacks that are worth considering before making a purchase.
Bifocal spectacles were first invented in the late 1790s by Benjamin Franklin, who is also credited with inventing bifocal lenses. The original bifocals were designed to help Franklin see both near and far objects more clearly. Today, bifocals are commonly used to correct both nearsightedness and farsightedness, and they come in a variety of styles to suit different vision needs.
While the basic design of bifocals has remained largely unchanged since their invention, the materials and methods used to create them have evolved significantly. Early bifocals were made with a single piece of glass that was split into two halves, with the top half being used for distance vision and the bottom half for close-up vision. Today, most bifocals are made with two separate pieces of glass or plastic that are joined together at the bottom. This allows each lens to be custom-made to correct a specific type of vision problem.
Bifocals have become increasingly popular over time, as more people are affected by age-related vision problems such as presbyopia. In addition, bifocals are now available in a variety of trendy styles, including rimless and wrap-around frames, which means they can be worn as a fashion accessory as well as a vision aid.
Bifocal spectacles are commonly used to correct both farsightedness and presbyopia, which is the loss of near vision that comes with age. There are many different types of bifocal lenses, including:
· Single vision bifocals, which have two different-sized areas of focus side by side in the same lens
· progressive bifocals, in which the two focus areas are blended so that there is a smooth transition between them
· trifocals, which have three different-sized areas of focus side by side in the same lens.
Bifocal spectacles have been around for centuries, but it was not until the early 1800s that they became widely available. The first commercially available bifocal lenses were designed by Benjamin Franklin.
Today, bifoculars are used by people of all ages, but they are most commonly prescribed to people over the age of 40. According to a study published in the journal Optometry and Vision Science, approximately one-third of adults over the age of 40 wear bifocals.
The use of bifocals has increased over time as the population has aged. In addition, advances in technology have led to the development of new types of bifocal lenses that offer improved vision and increased comfort.
While once seen as a necessity for those with poor vision, bifocal spectacles are now commonly used by people of all ages. Wearing bifocals can help correct many different vision problems, including nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. But what are the other benefits of wearing bifocals?
For one, bifocals can help reduce eye strain. By allowing you to see both near and far objects clearly, bifocals can help prevent you from having to strain your eyes to see things that are far away or close up. This can be especially helpful for people who work at desks all day or spend a lot of time looking at computers screens.
Bifocals can also help improve your posture. Poor posture is often the result of having to tilt your head down to see things that are close up. By providing clear vision at all distances, bifocals can help you keep your head up and your spine in alignment, which can lead to better overall posture.
Finally, bifocals can help delay the onset of age-related vision problems. By helping you maintain clear vision as you age, bifocals can help reduce your risk of developing cataracts, macular degeneration, and other age-related vision problems.
Bifocals are a type of corrective lens that have two distinct focal points. The lenses are designed so that you can see both close up and far away with the same pair of glasses. Bifocals are often used by people who have presbyopia, which is a condition where the natural lens of your eye loses its ability to change shape. This makes it difficult for you to focus on objects that are close up.
While bifocals have been around for centuries, they were not widely used until the late 18th century. In 1784, Benjamin Franklin invented the first pair of bifocal spectacles. Today, bifocals are a common type of corrective eyewear and are used by people of all ages.
One group of people who commonly use bifocals are children. This is because many children have a condition called convergence insufficiency, which makes it difficult for their eyes to work together when looking at objects that are close up. Bifocals can help children with this condition by giving them two focal points, which allows their eyes to work together more easily.
While bifocals can be beneficial for children with vision problems, there are some potential downside as well. One concern is that bifocals can cause children to experience headaches and eyestrain. Another concern is that bifocals can make it difficult for children to perceives depth, which can lead to accidents when playing sports or participating in other activities.
Overall, bifocals can be beneficial for children with vision problems but there are some potential downsides that should be considered as well. If you think your child would benefit from wearing bifocals, talk to your child's doctor or an optometrist about whether they would be right for your child.
Invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1784, bifocal spectacles are a type of eyeglass that have two distinct lens powers for viewing objects at different distances. The glasses are designed so that the wearer can see both near and far objects clearly without having to remove their glasses and change their eyeglass prescription.
Bifocals were a huge breakthrough in the world of optometry and have helped millions of people see clearly both up close and from a distance. Today, bifocals are worn by people of all ages and they have become a common sight around the world. There are many different types of bifocals available on the market today, including progressive lenses, which offer a smooth transition between the two lens powers.
While bifocals spectacles have had a positive impact on society, there are some drawbacks to wearing them. For example, people who wear bifocals can sometimes experience headaches and eye strain because their eyes have to work harder to focus on objects. Additionally, bifocals can be expensive, especially if you need to update your prescription frequently.
Overall, bifocals have had a positive impact on society by helping millions of people see more clearly. While there are some drawbacks to wearing them, the benefits of being able to see clearly outweigh any negatives.
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Promotion of 16-18 pre apprenticeships and full apprenticeships.


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Home Editor's Choice Garment Sector Minimum Wage Raised to $140
Labor Minister Ith Sam Heng addresses government, factory and union representatives during a meeting of the Labor Advisory Committee in Phnom Penh in 2015. (Siv Channa/The Cambodia Daily)
Garment Sector Minimum Wage Raised to $140
Mech Dara
The government set the new monthly minimum wage for the country's multibillion-dollar garment industry at $140 Thursday—up from $128—after months of tough negotiations that failed to bring employers and unions even close to a consensus.
The decision follows a $28 raise to the minimum wage in January and came after a morning vote by the Labor Advisory Committee (LAC) for $135, a figure that Prime Minister Hun Sen promptly bumped up to $140.
Labor Minister Ith Sam Heng addresses government, factory and union representatives during a meeting of the Labor Advisory Committee in Phnom Penh on Thursday. (Siv Channa/The Cambodia Daily)
"Today we decided on $135," Labor Minister Ith Sam Heng told reporters. "This is a reasonable number, although we could not meet the requests of each party. The unions are unhappy and employers complained while other parties said it was unreasonable.
"But we have no choice because our increase was based on seven factors," he said. "In addition to the $135, the prime minister added $5 more, so the minimum wage for 2016 will be $140."
The new wage takes effect on January 1.
In the midst of the negotiations, factory owners had warned that a raise higher than the current inflation rate of about 3.5 percent would devastate the garment industry, one of the main drivers of Cambodia's economy. The industry employs some 700,000 people, makes up 80 percent of the country's export earnings and accounts for a third of the country's gross domestic product.
But the labor minister sought to assure employers that an extra $12, which raises the current minimum wage by more than 9 percent, would keep Cambodia competitive with its main rivals.
"This [raise] is the result of scientific study and I believe there will be no impact for the investors," Mr. Sam Heng said. "$140, compared with some of our neighboring countries, makes us higher, so there could be some competitiveness issues. But we have our strong points to attract investors."
Those strengths, the minister argued, included the peace of mind investors will have knowing that the people making clothes for them are earning a decent wage.
According to the latest data from the International Labor Organization (ILO) on minimum wages in Asia's main garment exporters, Cambodia still ranks near the bottom at $140, well above Bangladesh and Sri Lanka but roughly on par with Vietnam, where the minimum wage ranges from $100 to $146 depending on the region. Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand are higher still.
Heading into Thursday's meeting of the LAC—comprised of 14 government representatives and seven each from the factories and unions—the factories refused to go any higher than $133. But when it came time for the committee to vote, all of their representatives cast their ballots for the government's proposal of $135, which won all but four of the votes.
"The employers' seven representatives on the LAC supported it because the government, with the support of the ILO, studied the number carefully, so we can accept it," said Nang Sothy, one of the seven factory representatives.
Ken Loo, secretary-general of the Garment Manufacturers Association in Cambodia, which represents all exporting garment factories, said employers would pay their workers the $140 the prime minister bumped the wage up to.
But unless worker productivity increases and buyers start paying more for their orders, he said, "there's only one solution, which is factories have to close, so it's not whether we are happy or not happy."
Mr. Loo said some factories unable to cope with the last raise had closed already, and warned that they were "just the tip of the iceberg" if current trends continued.
"We don't hope for it to happen," he said. "Maybe productivity will increase and buyers will pay more and factories don't have to close, but we don't expect it."
The latest government data shows that export growth is slowing, but still strong.
Two of the representatives on the LAC abstained from Thursday's wage vote. The two independent union leaders on the committee, Ath Thorn and Ken Chhenglang, said they voted for $160.
During the negotiations, Mr. Thorn, who heads the largest independent union in the country, warned of mass strikes if the workers were not happy with the new minimum wage.
After Thursday's announcement, he declined to say whether $140 was worth striking over and said that several of the unions would meet before deciding how to respond.
"After Pchum Ben, we will announce how we will protest and advocate on this issue; we have not decided yet," he said.
Most of the independent unions gradually whittled their wage proposal down to $160 during the negotiations after starting out at $207, the median monthly expense of more than 700 garment workers surveyed for a recent study commissioned by labor rights groups. According to the same study, their median monthly take-home pay—including overtime, bonuses, and allowances for food and transportation—was $191.
The survey also found that the vast majority of workers were unhappy with the $128 minimum wage and were expecting the government to settle on a new number between $160 and $180.
The government's failure to meet workers' wage demands in December 2013 sparked nationwide strikes and demonstrations that briefly crippled the industry and ended the next month when military police shot into a crowd of protesting workers in Phnom Penh, killing at least five of them.
(Additional reporting by Zsombor Peter)
US Imposes Visa Sanctions on Cambodia
25 Years of Foreign Press Freedom Under Threat
Observers Warn of New Era of Repression in Cambodia
Cambodia reports 2 imported COVID-19 cases, 441 in total
Xinhua Net
Cambodia on Tuesday reported two more imported COVID-19 cases, bringing the total number of infections in the kingdom to 441, said a health ministry (MoH) statement.
Cambodia blocks exiled dissidents from returning
Cambodian Exile Return Bid Crashes Into Visa Hurdle
League of Ireland winner Paddy Barrett surviving strict quarantine and loneliness...
Cambodia's oil dreams offer development, independence but risk corruption
Singapore Airlines blocks Cambodian opposition figure from returning home
UCA News - January 19, 2021
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Man Dies at Tbong Khmum Quarantine Center, Tests Negative for Covid-19
Cambodia Is Criminalizing Democracy
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Chinese construction in Cambodia's 'next tourism hotspot', Kampot, has residents and...
South China Morning Post - January 11, 2021
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text:
Q: I can't get the sheetnames function to work in openpyxl Hope I'm not duplicating threads here. Had a good look and can't find anyone else having the same issue.
I'm using the latest version of openpyxl (downloaded and installed using pip today!)
All I am trying to do is call the sheetnames in a particular excel file and, no matter what I try, the sheetnames function will not work.
The error I get is:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/JeremyAinley/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python37-32/xlsx reader/get sheetnames.py", line 9, in <module>
sheetnames = wb.sheetnames
AttributeError: 'Worksheet' object has no attribute 'sheetnames'

Here is my code:
import openpyxl
import os
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook(r'C:\Users\Jeremy\Desktop\FilesZ\PDT.xlsx')
sheetnames = wb.sheetnames
print(sheetnames)
ws = wb.active

Any help would be greatly appreciated!
Thanks!

A: As was suggested in the comments, your problem here is that you're assigning wb.active to wb, which would mean that wb was no longer a workbook but rather the active sheet on said workbook. To fix this, we just have to rename our variables:
import openpyxl
import os
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook(r'C:\Users\Jeremy\Desktop\FilesZ\PDT.xlsx')
active_workbook = wb.active
names = wb.sheetnames
print(names)

A: If you created the python program filename same with 'openpyxl.py', you will got clashing, please can make another program filename instead of 'openpyxl.py'.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
'We are back home': Asbestos flat fixed in time for Christmas
Sophie Skyring
Emily Eastman, pictured with her son Jacob Stone, who's home has flooded causing mould. Picture: Danielle Booden - Credit: Danielle Booden
A woman who was plagued by flooding, mould and then asbestos was able to move back into her home for Christmas.
Emily Eastman, from Carlton Gardens, was terrified when workmen sorting out the mould issues told her they had found and would have to remove asbestos.
In the end the young mum even had to send her son Jacob away to live with his dad until the work could be completed.
Emily was assured by Broadland Housing that they would put her into a hotel and get herself and her son back into their home by Christmas.
The 24-year-old was sceptical that all of the work that needed carrying out would be completed before the festive period.
She said: "They mentioned it would be hard to do because there was so much water build up from the flooding."
Four year old Jacob was so happy to be able to sleep in his own bed following the work being carried out by Broadland Housing. - Credit: Emily Eastman
Emily had made other plans in the event that she was not able to spend Christmas at home but finally she able to move back in.
10 Store still cordoned off with police tape two months after break-in
"It felt really good knowing that we were actually able to go home, after a long time in a hotel, my son was really excited to sleep in his own bed," Emily said.
In the end workmen from Broadland Housing pulled out all the stops to ensure Emily and her son could finally return home.
Works that needed doing included extensive cleaning after the water damage, asbestos removal, vents added to the doors, mould removed, radiators added, the flooring was ripped up and replaced and a new bath has been installed.
"There are still some things to do, like installing a shower and repainting the bathroom, but it took longer because the water damage was so extensive," Emily added.
"I would rather it took longer but was safe to live In.
"I think this has happened so quickly because of the Evening News, they got in touch with Broadland Housing and asked them about the work.
"Now I can live happily here knowing it is done."


Earlier this month, SpaceX successfully landed the first stage of a giant rocket on a robotic barge at sea.
But on Friday, April 29, the aerospace company — owned by tech entrepreneur and billionaire Elon Musk — tweeted out an unbelievably cool 360-degree YouTube video of the history making feat.
Before you start playing the video, embedded below, crank up the volume. And while it's playing, make sure to click or touch the screen and drag it around — and look up!
That's history roaring right toward your face.


text:
Q: What does representation matrix of context word mean in SkipGram? I am learning Stanford NLP Course and I have issue understanding a concept in Skipgram from picture below.

From left to right, the first column vector is one-hot encoder, the second is the word embedding matrix from 1-layer neural network, the third is word representation vector. However, when it comes to the fourth one, which is a matrix with 'v by d' dimension. Not sure if I listen it correctly, but the speaker said this is a representation of context word and these three matrix are identical?
My questions are:
1. Why these three matrix are identical but the three multiplication results are different?
2. How do we get this matrix (v by d dimension)?
The link to the lecture is:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERibwqs9p38&t=1481s

A: Before answering your question I have to add a bit of background for the sake of argument from previous slides. First, the optimization is on the probability of one word co-occurring with another word: the center word and a context word. The vector representations could be shared between these two but practically we have two collections of matrixes (list of word vectors) 1. center word vectors (first red matrix on the left) 2. context word vectors (three red matrices in the middle).
The picture in this question shows how we estimate the probabilities with the multiplication of two kinds of vectors and the softmax normalization. Now the questions:

*How do we get this matrix (v by d dimension)?

As it was mentioned before, this can be the same matrix as word vectors but transposed. Or, you can imagine that we learning two vectors for each word: 1. center 2. context
The context word-vectors in calculations are used in its transposed form:
(center words-vectors, v)  W : (d,V)
(outside words-vectors, uT) W': (V,d)

V being the size of vocabulary and d the dimension size of the vectors. (these are the parameters which we want to learn from data)
Notice how dimensions change in each matrix multiplication:
      W: (d,V)
      x: (V,1)
v = W.x: (d,1)
     W': (V,d)
   W'.v: (V,1)

x is the one-hot encoding of the center word, W is the list of all word vectors. W.x multiplication basically select the right word vector out of this list. The final result is a list of all possible dot-product of context word vector and the center word vector. The one-hot vector of the true observed context word selects the intended results. Then, based on the loss, updates will be backpropagated through the computation flow updating W and W'.

*

*Why these three matrix are identical but the three multiplication results are different?

The square and two rhombi in the middle are representing one matrix. The three multiplications are happening in three different observations. Although they represent the same matrix, on each observation parameters (W and W') change using backpropagations. That is why the results are different on three multiplications.
UPDATE FROM CHAT
However, your expectations are valid, the presentation could show exactly the same results in these multiplications. Because the objective function is the sum of all co-occurrence probabilities in one window.

A: You don't multiply three times with the same matrix. You multiply only once. You get an output vector same as the size of Vocabulary. I will try to explain with an example.
suppose your model has V(vocab_size) = 6, d = 4, C(number of context words) = 2, Wi(word_embedding matrix) size= 6 X 4, Wo(output word representation) size = 4 X 6.
A training example  x = [0,1,0,0,0,0] and y = y = [[0,0,0,1,0,0], [1,0,0,0,0,0]] (two one-hot encoded vectors) one for each context word.
Now, suppose after feeding and processing the input( h = x*Wi; z = h*Wo), the output(z) you get is
z = [0.01520237, 0.84253418, 0.4773877 , 0.96858308, 0.09331018,0.54090063]
# take softmax, you will get
sft_max_z = [0.0976363 , 0.22331452, 0.15500148, 0.25331406, 0.1055682,0.16516544]
# sft_max_z represent the probability of each word occuring as input's context words.
#Now, subtract sft_max_z with each one-hot encoded vector in y to get the errors.
# errors = [[-0.0976363 , -0.22331452, -0.15500148,  0.74668594, -0.1055682 ,
    -0.16516544],
   [ 0.9023637 , -0.22331452, -0.15500148, -0.25331406, -0.1055682 ,
    -0.16516544]]

Now, you can reduce the error and do backpropagation for training. If you're predicting then select the two context words with highest probabilities(1, 3 in this case).
Think it of as a classification problem having more than 1 class(multinomial classification) and same object can belong to multiple classes at the same time(multilabel classification.)


2014 and the first half of 2015 saw a rapid acceleration of technological progress at ELBA Automotive to increase the level of innovation and quality for clients. This helps to consolidate its position as a multilaterally developed, regional supplier.
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}
div.shop-item .shop-item-buttons a.btn-default {
	border:0;
	background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
div.shop-item .shop-item-buttons a.btn-default:hover {
	border:0;
	background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
}
div.shop-item>.thumbnail {
	background-color:transparent !important;
	border-color:#ddd !important;
	margin-bottom:6px;
	position:relative;
}
	section.dark div.shop-item>.thumbnail {
		border-color:#444 !important;
	}

	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>a.shop-item-image>img {
		-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
		   -moz-border-radius: 3px;
				border-radius: 3px;
	}

	/* double image transition effect */
	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>a.shop-item-image {
		display:block;
		position:relative;
	}
	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>a.shop-item-image>img:last-child {
		position:absolute;
		left:0; top:0;
		z-index:10;

		opacity:0;
		filter: alpha(opacity=0);

		-webkit-transition: all .500s;
		   -moz-transition: all .500s;
			 -o-transition: all .500s;
				transition: all .500s;
	}

	div.shop-item>.thumbnail:hover>a.shop-item-image>img:last-child {
		opacity:1;
		filter: alpha(opacity=100);
	}

	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>a.shop-item-image>img:first-child {
		position:relative;
		opacity:1;
		filter: alpha(opacity=100);
	}
	/* buttons over image */
	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-option-over {
		position:absolute;
		top:8px;
		right:2px;
		z-index:20;
		width:50px;

		opacity:0;
		filter: alpha(opacity=0);

		-webkit-transition: all .300s;
		   -moz-transition: all .300s;
			 -o-transition: all .300s;
				transition: all .300s;
	}
	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-option-over>a {
		width:44px;
		text-align:center;
		margin:0 0 3px 0;

		-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 15px;
		-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 15px;
		-moz-border-radius-bottomright: 15px;
		-moz-border-radius-topleft: 15px;
		border-bottom-right-radius: 15px;
		border-top-left-radius: 15px;

	}

	div.shop-item:hover>.thumbnail>.shop-option-over {
		opacity:1;
		filter: alpha(opacity=100);
	}

	/* info over image */
	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-item-info {
		position:absolute;
		top:8px;
		left:8px;
		z-index:20;
		width:70px;
	}
	div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-item-info>.label {
		min-width:50px;
		text-align:center;
		font-size:13px;
		margin-bottom:3px;
		display:inline-block;
	}

/* summary */
div.shop-item-summary {
	padding:15px 8px;

	-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
	   -moz-border-radius: 3px;
			border-radius: 3px;
}
div.shop-item-summary h2 {
	font-size:15px;
	color:#666;
	margin:0 0 4px 0;
}

div.shop-item-rating-line {
	display:block;
	position:relative;
}
div.shop-item-rating-line:before {
	left: 0 !important;
	right: 50%;
	margin-right: 50px;
	content: '';
	position: absolute;
	top: 10px;
	padding:1px;
	height: 0;
	border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}
div.shop-item-rating-line:after {
	right: 0 !important;
	left: 50%;
	margin-left: 50px;
	content: '';
	position: absolute;
	top: 10px;
	padding:1px;
	height: 0;
	border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
	border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
}

/* list item price */
div.shop-item-price {
	font-size:20px;
	margin-top:6px;
	font-weight:bold;
}
div.shop-item-price>span {
	color:#999;
	font-size:15px;
	display:inline-block;
	padding:0 10px;
	font-weight:400;
}

/* list item buttons */
div.shop-item-buttons {
	margin-top:6px;
}
div.shop-item-buttons a.btn-default:hover {
	color:#333;
}
section.dark div.shop-item-buttons a.btn-default:hover {
	color:#fff;
}
	/* out of stock */
	span.out-of-stock {
		display:block;
		margin-top:15px;
	}

	span.out-of-stock:before {
		content:'–x– ';
	}
	span.out-of-stock:after {
		content:' –x–';
	}

	span.out-of-stock.clean:before,
	span.out-of-stock.clean:after {
		content:'';
	}

/* list item countdown */
div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-item-counter {
	position:relative;
	position:absolute;
	bottom:4px;
	left:4px; right:4px;
	z-index:20;
	background-color:rgba(33,33,33,0.5);

	-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
	   -moz-border-radius: 3px;
			border-radius: 3px;

	-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 0;
	-moz-border-radius-topleft: 0;
	border-top-left-radius: 0;
}
div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-item-counter:before {
	position:absolute;
	left:0;
	top:-20px;
	padding:0 6px;
	height:20px;
	color:#fff;
	font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;
	content:"\f017 \20 limited offer";
	text-align:center;
	line-height:20px;
	background-color:rgba(33,33,33,0.5);

	-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 3px;
	-moz-border-radius-topright: 3px;
	border-top-right-radius: 3px;
	-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 3px;
	-moz-border-radius-topleft: 3px;
	border-top-left-radius: 3px;
}
div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-item-counter>.countdown .countdown-section {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 11px;
	color:#fff;
    line-height: 1;
    text-align: center;
    width: 20%; margin:0 3px !important;
	padding:8px !important;
	text-align:center !important;
	margin:0; padding:0;
    text-transform: capitalize;
	overflow:hidden;

	-webkit-transition: all .500s;
	   -moz-transition: all .500s;
		 -o-transition: all .500s;
			transition: all .500s;
}
div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-item-counter>.countdown .countdown-amount {
	color:#fff;
    display: block;
    font-size: 13px;
	font-weight:bold;
	margin:0; padding:0;
}
div.shop-item>.thumbnail>.shop-item-counter>.countdown .countdown-period {
	font-size:10px !important;
	text-transform:lowercase !important;
	margin-top: 5px;
	display:block !important;
	margin-bottom:-18px !important;

	-webkit-transition: all .500s;
	   -moz-transition: all .500s;
		 -o-transition: all .500s;
			transition: all .500s;
}

div.shop-item:hover>.thumbnail>.shop-item-counter>.countdown .countdown-period {
	margin-bottom:0 !important;
}

.thumbnail>.shop-limited-offer {
	position:absolute !important;
	left:5px; top:5px;
	z-index:20;
	color:#fff;
	font-size:18px;
	text-align:center;
}
.thumbnail>.shop-limited-offer>i {
	margin-left:8px;
	margin-top:6px;
}
.thumbnail>.shop-limited-offer:before {
	content: "";
	display: block;
	width: 40px;
	height: 40px;
	position: absolute;
	border: 26px solid transparent;
	border-left-color: #333;
	border-top-color: #333;
	left: 0; top: 0;

	-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
	   -moz-border-radius: 3px;
			border-radius: 3px;
}

/* list item options */
.shop-list-options label {
	margin:0 6px
}
.shop-list-options select,
.shop-list-options input {
	height:35px;
	padding:6px;
	border-width:1px;
	cursor:pointer;
}
.shop-list-options .btn {
	height:35px;
	line-height:22px;
	color:#ccc;
	border:#E5E7E9 1px solid;
	display:inline-block;
	margin-top:-4px;
	margin-right:0;
}
.shop-list-options .btn.active {
	color:#fff;
	background-color:#333;
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) {
	.shop-list-options {
		text-align:center;
	}
	.shop-list-options ul,
	.shop-list-options select,
	.shop-list-options a {
		margin-bottom:3px;
		float:none !important;
	}
	.shop-list-options .options-left {
		display:block;
		margin-top:20px;
	}
}

/* 1 Column */
.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item {
	position:relative;
	min-height:230px;
}
.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12 {
	margin-bottom:30px;
	width:100%;
}
.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item h2 {
	font-size:20px;
}
.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.thumbnail,
.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.thumbnail {
	float:left;
	width:200px;
}

.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary,
.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary {
	text-align:left !important;
	position:absolute;
	left:230px;
}
.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-buttons,
.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-buttons {
	text-align:left;
}
.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary>.shop-item-price>span,
.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary>.shop-item-price>span {
	padding-left:0;
}
.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item p{
	margin:15px 0;
	display:inline-block;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 480px) {
	.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item {
		min-height:100px;
	}
	.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.thumbnail,
	.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.thumbnail {
		float:none;
		width:100%;
	}
	.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary,
	.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary {
		position:relative;
		left:0;
	}
	.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-buttons,
	.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-buttons,
	.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary,
	.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary {
		float:none;
		text-align:center !important;
	}
	.shop-item-list>.col-lg-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary>.shop-item-price>span,
	.shop-item-list>.col-md-12>.shop-item>.shop-item-summary>.shop-item-price>span {
		padding:0 10px;
	}
}

/* SHOP COMPARE TABLE */
.shop-compare-title {
	background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}
section.dark .shop-compare-title {
	background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}

.shop-compare>tbody>tr>td:first-child {
	font-weight:bold;
}
.shop-compare a.shop-compare-item>img {
	margin-bottom:10px;
}

/* CART */
.cartContent {
    padding:0;
}
.cartContent .item {
    position:relative;
}

.cartContent .item {
    margin-top:-1px;
    border:rgba(0,0,0,0.05) 1px solid;
}
.cartContent .sky-form.boxed {
    border: rgba(0,0,0,0.1) 1px solid;
}

.cartContent .item.head {
    border-bottom:0;
}
.cartContent .item.head>span {
    min-height: 1px;
}
.cartContent .product_name {
    float:left;
    width:35%;
    padding:10px;
    text-decoration:none;
    min-height:60px;
}
    .cartContent .product_name:hover>span {
        text-decoration:underline;
    }
    .cartContent .product_name >small {
        display:block;
        font-size:12px;
        line-height:12px;
        color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
        font-family:'Open Sans',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
    }
.cartContent .qty {
    float:right;
    width:160px;
    font-size:15px;
    padding:10px;
    text-align:center;
}
.cartContent .qty input {
    padding:3px; margin:0;
    border:#ccc 1px solid;
    width:50px; margin-right:3px;
    text-align:center;
}
.cartContent .total_price {
    float:right;
    width:150px;
    font-size:15px;
    padding:10px;
    line-height:30px;
    text-align:center;
    font-weight:bold;
}
.cartContent .remove_item {
    float:right;
    padding:5px;
    width:30px; margin-right:8px;
}
.cartContent a.remove_item {
    background:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    text-align: center;
    padding-top:0;
    margin-top:10px;
    height:30px;
    line-height:26px;
    font-size:18px;
    text-decoration:none;
    color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
}
.cartContent a.remove_item:hover {
    color: #d9534f;
}
.cartContent .btn_update {
    margin-top:20px;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 992px) {
    .cartContent .item.head {
        display:none;
    }
    .cartContent .product_name {
        font-size:11px;
        line-height:15px;
    }
    .cartContent .item .qty {
        float:left;
        text-align:left;
    }
    .cartContent .product_name {
        width:50%;
    }
}

/* dark */
section.dark .cartContent .item {
	background: rgba(255,255,255,0.04);
}
section.dark .cartContent .item {
	border:rgba(255,255,255,0.05) 1px solid;
}
section.dark .cartContent .sky-form.boxed {
	border: rgba(255,255,255,0.1) 1px solid;
}
section.dark .cartContent .qty input {
	color:#000;
}
section.dark 	.cartContent .product_name >small {
	color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
}
section.dark .cartContent a.remove_item {
	color:#eee;
	background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}

/**
	SHOP PRODUCT
**/

.product-opt-color,
.product-opt-size,
.product-opt-qty {
	margin-right:10px;
}

/* QTY DROP DOWN */
ul#product-qty-dd {
	padding:1px 0 0 1px;
	min-width:115px;
	margin-top:-1px;
}
ul#product-qty-dd li {
	float:left;
	width:49.1%;
	margin-right:1px;
	margin-bottom:1px;
	background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
	text-align:center;
	cursor:pointer;
}
button.product-qty-dd .caret {
	float:right;
	margin-top:8px;
}

button.product-qty-dd {
	width:100px;
	text-align:left;
}

/* SIZE DROP DOWN */
ul#product-size-dd {
	margin-top:-1px;
	min-width:159px;
	padding:1px 0 0 1px;
}
ul#product-size-dd li {
	float:left;
	width:51px;
	margin-right:1px;
	margin-bottom:1px;
	background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
	text-align:center;
	cursor:pointer;
}
ul#product-size-dd li>a {
	padding:3px 0;
}
button.product-size-dd {
	width:100px;
	text-align:left;
}
button.product-size-dd .caret {
	float:right;
	margin-top:8px;
}

/* COLOR DROP DOWN */
ul#product-color-dd {
	margin-top:-1px;
	min-width:50px;
	padding:1px 0 0 1px;
}
ul#product-color-dd li {
	float:left;
	width:25px !important;
	margin-right:1px;
	margin-bottom:1px;
	background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
	text-align:center;
	cursor:pointer;
}
ul#product-color-dd li>a {
	padding:3px 0;
}
ul#product-color-dd .tag.shop-color {
	width:24px !important;
	height:24px !important;
}

button.product-color-dd {
	width:55px;
	text-align:left;
	position:relative;
}
button.product-color-dd .caret {
	float:right;
	margin-top:8px;
}
button.product-color-dd>.tag {
	height: 17px;
	width: 20px;
	margin: 0;
	position: absolute;
	top: 7px;
	left: 7px;
}
.product-opt-color>ul>li {
	padding:0 1px !important;
}

@media only screen and (max-width: 480px) {

	ul#product-size-dd,
	ul#product-qty-dd {
		margin-top:-21px;
	}

	.product-size-dd,
	.product-qty-dd,
	.product-add-cart {
		min-width:90px;
		width:100% !important;
		display:block !important;
		float:none !important;
		margin-bottom:20px !important;
	}
}

.product-star-vote label {
	margin:0 15px 30px 0 !important;
	font-weight:300;
}

.btn-group>.btn:first-child {
    padding-right: 5px;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Zombie Series Currently On Netflix
Matt Goddard Oct 30, 2021 12:37 pm Nov 2, 2021 11:12 am
Netflix has the zombie show for you, whether you are looking for Walkers, shufflers, or supernaturally fast predators.
There's no doubt the undead have found a happy home on the small screen. And as this selection of series demonstrates, zombies lend themselves to comedy, mystery, and politics as much as horror. When searching for your new favorite zombie series, prepare for a diverse collection, despite the standard Z-names.
The creatures certainly add something extra to an apocalypse, and many series have built themselves around twists to the traditional formula. Some have even found great success by featuring one of the undead as their protagonist.
Zombie series have become increasingly popular over the past few years, and it doesn't look like the undead hordes will be shuffling off the streamer any time soon. Here are the zombie series you can catch on Netflix right now.
Z Nation (2014 – 2018)
Five seasons of Syfy's zombie series are waiting for you on Netflix. Follow the adventures of Murphy three years after an apocalypse decimated the planet. As the only known person to have survived a zombie bite, he's the last hope for a vaccine, and it's up to a ragtag group of survivors to transport him across from New York to California to make that a reality.
After a frosty reception, the series won a core set of fans with its increasingly inventive and camp approach to horror, despite being packed with thoroughly unlikeable characters. For a further hint about the show's tone, it's crossed over with the Sharknado film series on two occasions.
Kingdom (2019 – present)
Netflix's first original drama from South Korea combines politics and horror in the 16th century – a brilliant mix that has gone down well with critics and audiences. Adapted from the webcomic series The Kingdom of the Gods, Kingdom tells the story of Crown Prince Lee Chang as he seeks to understand and contain a mysterious plague that is reviving the dead. At the end of the second series, a feature-length special Ashin of the North was released, which explores the origin of the show's mysterious resurrections.
Black Summer (2019 – present)
Produced by The Asylum, the company behind Z Nation, Black Summer was intended as a prequel show but soon developed into something entirely different. It follows another desperate group surviving at all costs against zombie hoards, but this time it's the early days of the apocalypse and set during one challenging summer. While Z Nation wrung comedy from its concept, Black Summer is quite the opposite. There are few laughs to be in a show that dwells on the collapse of society. Despite fan hopes, it's unlikely the two will ever crossover.
Reality Z (2020 – present)
A Brazilian horror show, Reality Z arrived on Netflix in 2020. Inspired by the British miniseries Dead Set (see below), it's set around the fictional reality show (if you can have such a thing) Olympus, which is interrupted by a zombie outbreak in Rio de Janeiro. It launched with confidence and a teaser trailer that featured Netflix Head of Content Ted Sarandos assuring Olympus presenter Sabrina Sato that everything was fine. Naturally, they weren't.
Reality Z's layered concept sees the reality show's production team directing the action as contestants fight zombie hordes for the benefit of fictional viewers and us. That's proved a bit too chaotic for some viewers, while others have found the reality twist that contestants impersonate Greek Gods a bit much.
The Last Kids on Earth (2019 – present)
This light-hearted Canadian animation for middle schoolers throws together a group of kids, including 13-year old orphan Jack, when they survive an invasion of zombies and monsters. The show's seasons are referred to as Books, after the book series that inspired it. By the second volume, the show's success was measured by the arrival of new voice actors, including Mark Hamill, Catherine O'Hara, Rosario Dawson, and Evil Dead legend Bruce Campbell.
Outside The United States
The Walking Dead (2010 – 2022)
Several seasons of what must be the world's most successful zombie series are available on regional Netflix services. Following on from Robert Kirkman's groundbreaking comic series, The Walking Dead's success led to the strong crop of zombie series on Netflix. While the show's 'Walkers' are stunningly and horrifically realized across its 11 series (and four spin-offs, including Fear the Walking Dead), it explores the danger posed by other humans as the undead themselves. Over the years, The Walking Dead has introduced an enormous ensemble cast and proved that it isn't afraid to pick any of its leads off. It is guaranteed to be remembered as one of the great zombie apocalypse series.
iZombie (2015 – 2019)
Another series adapted from a successful comic book, iZombie fuses comedy, drama, horror, and crime procedural. The twist here is that Dr. Liv Moore is a Seattle Police medical examiner turned zombie. Far from adding to the problems around her, she can solve murders by eating the brains of victims and temporarily inheriting their skills and memories. You may have seen shows with a similar 'psychic' twist, but iZombie develops into something far greater throughout its five seasons. Consistently well-reviewed, it's a show worth biting into.
Zombie Detective (2020)
If you have a taste for zombie protagonists, this Korean series is well worth a look. Another zombie hiding in plain sight, the twist is that after Kang Min-ho wakes as a zombie, with no memories of his past, he teaches himself to pass as a human and becomes a private detective. When a writer uncovers his secret, what choice do they have but join forces to solve crimes?
Dead Set (2008)
A British oddity, this mini-series paired a zombie outbreak with reality television and inspired Reality Z. Producer Channel Four was broadcasting Big Brother UK at the time, and Dead Set made the most of setting its comedy-horror zombie outbreak on the same sets and involving several faces familiar from the show. Its creator Charlie Brooker followed up Dead Set with Black Mirror, also broadcast on Channel 4 before moving to Netflix.


text:
John Porco
Synthesis of Complex, Bioactive Natural Products
Translational Studies
Meet Our Lab >
Kaijie
Group Pictures
Our mission/goal is to achieve excellence and innovation in organic chemistry
In the Porco Group, we believe that a cornerstone of innovation and scientific excellence is a collaborative and inclusive research community that supports the fair treatment and equal opportunity for all persons.
In line with this belief, we seek to recruit talent from a diverse group of candidates and are committed to fostering a research environment that emphasizes respect for all people regardless of race, nationality, ethnicity, gender & gender identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, age, physical ability, marital and family status, religious affiliation, and more.
While we are only one part of a much larger community, we recognize the actions taken at the level of individual labs are essential in the fight against systemic racism, sexism, and homophobia extant in the current culture. Our goal as a group is to recognize our own biases and work together towards anti-racism. Most importantly, we want to ensure that our lab is an enjoyable work environment where everyone feels welcome and able to fully participate in our research effort.
Our goal as a group is to recognize our own biases and work together towards anti-racism.
NOBCChE (National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers)
500 Queer Scientists
Resources from Porco Group Antiracism Meetings
Nov. 20, 2020
1. Black Chemists Share Their Stories about Isolation and Inclusion (ACS Cent. Sci. Article)
2. Who Has the Most Success Preparing Black Students for Careers in Science? Historically Black Colleges and Universities (C&EN article)
3. How LGBT+ Scientists Would Like to Be Included and Welcomed in STEM Workplaces (Nature Article)
1. Discussion of 13th (Netflix Documentary)
1. Organic Chemistry: A Call to Action for Diversity and Inclusion (J. Org. Chem. Article)
2. Discussion of Dr. Hudlicky's Retracted ACIE Article and His Response
3. Ten Simple Rules for Building an Antiracist Lab (PLoS Comput. Biol. Article)
Aug. 21; Jul. 31; Jul. 24; Jul. 10, 2020
1. Discussion of How to Be an Antiracist by Dr. Ibram X. Kendi
1. The Difference Between Being "Not Racist" and Antiracist (TED2020 Talk)
1. #ShutDownStem


No animal has captured the human imagination quite like the horse, depicted in cave drawings through countless renderings in paint, clay, ink, even film. From Arabians in the Royal Yards of the United Arab Emirates to purebred Icelandic horses in their glacial habitat; this book offers an insight into the physical dynamics and spirit of the horse.
Dogs is Tim Flach's follow-up to the successful Equus, applying the same wildly creative vision he first gave to horses, to dogs.
Fierce Beauty is a celebration of tigers, leopards, lions, ocelots, and other wild cats that inhabit The Institute of Greatly Endangered and Rare Species (TIGERS), a wildlife preserve in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The institute's fifty acres are home to more than one hundred rare animals, from ligers (a hybrid cross between a male lion and a tigress) that stretch nearly twelve feet long to cheetahs capable of running seventy miles per hour. Featuring dozens of exclusive new portraits from preeminent nature photographer Tim Flach, Fierce Beauty depicts the beauty, power, and grace of these remarkable creatures as never before. And with more than 300 images of wild cats and essays by such distinguished conservationists as zoologist and TV personality Jim Fowler, Dakota Zoo director Terry Lincoln, and a foreword by renowned actor Robert Duvall, Fierce Beauty enables readers to experience the vibrant form, bold markings, and striking personalities that make wild cats unique cohabitants of mankind.
Award-winning photographer Tim Flach has spent years enquiring into the essential bond we have with animals. Now, he presents the culmination of years of tireless, expert endeavour, an extraordinary body of work in which each image is more striking and powerful than the last.


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Tag: article processing charges
As Open Access Gains in Acceptance Internationally, the Plan S for its Promotion Can Have Unintended Global Consequences
In Africa, a growing number of scientific journals, such as Scientific African, operate based on different Open Access models, in recognition of their expected contribution to solving development-related problems, validating the output of local researchers and driving the formation of science-related international partnerships. In this respect, the European Plan S aimed at furthering the adoption of Open Access can reduce the market share of its subscription-based models, such as those of scholarly societies, while creating disincentives for EU-based scholars to publish at international journals that fall outside of the purview of this framework. A Blog Article by Pablo Markin. In […]
Conflicts with Large Journal Publishers Can Slow Down University Libraries' Efforts to Transition to Open Access Models
The likely reason that the journal subscription contract negotiations between the library system of the University of California, comprising 100 libraries, services to about 238,000 students and resources for circa 69,000 faculty members, and Elsevier that commands a portfolio of over 1,000 journal titles appear to be dead-ending is that global publishers are yet to adjust their extant models to the demands for and of Open Access. A Blog Article by Pablo Markin. While the University of California, which across its 10 campuses accounts for up to 10% of yearly scholarly output in the United States, plays hardball with Elsevier […]
The Scientific Community Supports Funders Mandating Open Access, Adds Balance to the Discussion of the Plan S
More than 1,800 researchers have endorsed the plan by science funding bodies to transition to Open Access their models of disbursing funds to researchers, as the European Plan S continues to garner international backing, such as from China. A Blog Article by Pablo Markin. Launched on November 28, 2018, an online statement by scholars from around the world has effectively affirmed the importance of Open Access scientific progress, the barrier-free dissemination of research results and the pivotal role that funders can play, such as through their mandates, in maintaining or changing the existing system of scholarly publishing. Though this statement […]
Recent Studies Point to Mixed Findings on the Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles over Paywall-Protected Papers
While the research of Hajar Sotudeh and Zohreh Estakhr indicates that Open Access articles published in Elsevier-published hybrid journals have a consistent, sustainable and cross-discipline advantage in terms of their citation performance over subscription-based papers published in these journals, from the more recent data that Prashat Kamat has presented it tentatively follows that, for journals published by the American Chemical Society, Wiley and Springer Nature, Open Access articles are as likely to demonstrate higher visibility performance than their closed-access counterparts in these journals as not. A Blog Article by Pablo Markin. In their study, published in Scientometrics on February 17, […]
As Support for the Plan S for Open Access Ramps Up, Scientists Around the Globe Draw Attention to its Risks and Implications
Whereas the British Wellcome Trust and the American Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation increase the financial heft of the Plan S by almost 30%, scientists from research and educational institutions in Europe and around the world have publicly expressed their concerns that this Open Access initiative may have severe negative consequences for the scholarly publishing system. A Blog Article by Pablo Markin. On November 5, 2018, the Wellcome Trust and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which are the globally largest private researcher funders, have joined the Plan S of the consortium of initial 11 European science support agencies that intend […]
As the United Kingdom Embraces Open Science, its Academic Network Signs an Agreement to Boost Open Access Journals
On October 4, 2018, Jisc Collections, a non-profit organization that negotiates the terms of access to electronic resources of British higher education and research institutions, has signed a comprehensive agreement with De Gruyter that is expected to facilitate a transition to Open Access in the sector of article and journal publishing. A Blog Article by Pablo Markin. In the framework of the agreement between Jisc and De Gruyter, research universities and institutes of the United Kingdom (UK) will be receiving access to De Gruyter journals, while transitioning their article publishing processes to Open Access. Since this agreement represents an institutional […]
SCImago Journal Rank and Source Normalized Impact per Paper Performance of De Gruyter's Open Access Journals
Green Open Access Open Access in Sciences journal Open Access Hybrid Open Access journals APCs peer review popularization Impact Factor news Key Challenges De Gruyter Open academia in data De Gruyter opinion Funding article processing charges Elsevier Open Science guides Gold Open Access Open Access to Books authors survey OA


I develop a critical constructivist evolutionary theory of international financial institutions and arrangements. Specifically, I analyze the role of IMF under the present globalization moves and repeated financial crises by following such a critical constructivist evolutionary theory of international financial institutions. Furthermore, the potential for reforms in the wake of the global financial crisis and the great recession is analyzed from a dialectical social constructivist viewpoint that combines the power of --sometimes conflicting--- norms and ideas with the underlying structural contradictions to produce a "critical-constructivist" analysis of the potential for change. It is shown that IMF must and can change in a direction which allows for greater national policy autonomy. It is also shown that the IMF needs complementary regional institutions of cooperation in order to create a stabilizing hybrid global financial architecture that will be more democratic and Keynesian-Kaleckian in terms of its theoretical underpinnings. Thus regional financial architectures will need to be integral parts of any new global financial architecture(GFA).The tentative steps taken towards regional cooperation in Asia since Asian financial crisis are discussed to illustrate the opportunities and challenges posed by the need to evolve towards a hybrid GFA. The opportunities and challenges arising from the current global crisis are analyzed in this context.
Global Financial Governance, Global financial architecture, Regional financial architecture, Hybrid Global financial architecture, Global Financial Crisis, Reforming the IMF, Capital Flows, Exchange Rates, Social Construction.
Abstract: I develop a critical constructivist evolutionary theory of international financial institutions and arrangements. Specifically, I analyze the role of IMF under the present globalization moves and repeated financial crises by following such a critical constructivist evolutionary theory of international financial institutions. Furthermore, the potential for reforms in the wake of the global financial crisis and the great recession is analyzed from a dialectical social constructivist viewpoint that combines the power of --sometimes conflicting--- norms and ideas with the underlying structural contradictions to produce a "critical-constructivist" analysis of the potential for change. It is shown that IMF must and can change in a direction which allows for greater national policy autonomy. It is also shown that the IMF needs complementary regional institutions of cooperation in order to create a stabilizing hybrid global financial architecture that will be more democratic and Keynesian-Kaleckian in terms of its theoretical underpinnings. Thus regional financial architectures will need to be integral parts of any new global financial architecture(GFA).The tentative steps taken towards regional cooperation in Asia since Asian financial crisis are discussed to illustrate the opportunities and challenges posed by the need to evolve towards a hybrid GFA. The opportunities and challenges arising from the current global crisis are analyzed in this context.