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Court of Appeal today: Government acted unlawfully in barring EU citizens from relying on 'pre-settled status' to access benefits, housing
Fratila v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2020] EWCA 1741 (18 December 2020)
Last year the UK government made emergency regulations, blocking EU citizens who had been granted a right to remain in the UK from relying on their 'pre-settled status' to claim access to benefits, homelessness assistance, social housing and other welfare: see eg the Social Security (Income-related Benefits) (Updating and Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019.
There are currently at least 1,825,500 people in the UK with pre-settled status. Many people in that group will not need to apply for social welfare, and some others will be eligible because of a different right of residence. But the result of the 2019 Regulations was that huge numbers of EU nationals, particularly those who lost jobs due to COVID, have been excluded from access to emergency support, even though they have an absolute legal right to reside here.
In Fratila, the Court of Appeal decides today that the government acted unlawfully. It quashes relevant parts of the 2019 regulations. Its reasoning is that once the UK gives EU citizens the legal right to reside in the UK, it is discriminatory on nationality grounds to exclude them from the rights enjoyed by other people legally resident here.
The Court of Appeal has refused the government permission to appeal to the Supreme Court. It is not yet known whether the government intends to renew its application directly to the Supreme Court. The effect of today's decision has been temporarily stayed while that is considered.
Meanwhile, anyone refused benefits, housing support or similar assistance on the ground that their only right of residence in the UK was pre-settled status should seek legal advice immediately (eg from a citizens advice bureau) on whether they should now challenge the decision. And anyone who has not claimed because they thought their pre-settled status would not make them eligible should seek advice on whether they should now make a claim.
Tom Royston acted for the appellants along with Tom de la Mare QC and Gayatri Sarathy, instructed by the Child Poverty Action Group.
There is further information about the case on CPAG's website.
Chambers news
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Shah Faisal Saifi's first attempt at 'comedy' with SAB TV's The Great Indian Family Drama
MasterChef India 4 jets off to Dubai
Manoj Malhotra and Jagjit Athwal to enact Ram-Hanuman story in Sony TV's Maharana Pratap
Published by admin at March 3, 2015
It is an art in itself to excel in 'comedy', and how well do our actors manage to do it on the small screen!! The recently launched comedy show on SAB TV, The Great Indian Family Drama (Contiloe Pictures) as we know, will have a revamped strategy wherein renowned stand-up comedians will perform humorous skits and gags.
Yesterday, we reported about popular name Gaurav Gera presenting a hilarious act along with other known names like Suresh Menon, Kunal Kumar, VIP etc.
Now, we hear that actor Shah Faisal Saifi who was seen in a prominent role in Balaji Telefilms' Mujhe Pankh Dedo has joined the show. For Saifi, this will be a special moment as he will be attempting comedy for the first time ever.
Earlier, Saifi has been part of episodics in Adaalat, Fear Files, Savdhan India, Emotional Atyachar.
When contacted, Shah Faisal Saifi told us, "Yes, I will be appearing in the SAB TV show. It is a real good opportunity for me, as I have never done comedy so far. And to work along with big names like VIP, Suresh Menon, Vikalp, Saloni etc will be a great experience."
Here's wishing the man all the luck!!


Tarxien Rainbows appointed Jose Borg as their new coach.
Last season, Jacques Scerri started as coach but after stepping down, Jesmond Zerafa took over as their new coach in December but his stay only lasted until March with Brian Testaferrata and eventually Triston Caruana leading the team for the final part of the season.
Jose Borg stepped in as St. Andrews coach mid-way through season 2015/16 but was replaced mid-way through last season. He then joined Pietà Hotspurs in Division 1 as assistant coach and coach of the Youths team.


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When Harrison Sawyer left Newcastle Jets in 2017, no-one would have predicted he could soon be playing in front of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.
But that's now a distinct reality for the Australian attacker after he guided his Hong Kong side Tai Po into the AFC Asian Cup group stages at the expense of North Korean outfit Ryomyong.
The clubs couldn't be split across the two legs with neither team finding the back of the net until a decisive penalty shootout where Sawyer and his four Brazilian teammates made no mistake from the spot.
Having already played one match in North Korea just a week ago, Sawyer will now return to the communist country in May for a group match against April 25 - the reigning North Korean champions.
Belonging to the Korean People's Army, April 25 boast the support of Kim Jong-un, who is often spotted attending games.
Whether the infamous leader will turn up on May 15 remains to be seen but it's a prospect Sawyer is savouring - though he admits he won't be celebrating too hard should he score.
"It'll be good, but I've seen Kim Jong-un actually attend April 25 matches so it'll be interesting to see if he shows up to one of the group stage games," Sawyer told Goal.
"If I do (score), I won't be celebrating too much."
After facing Ryomyong in North Korea in early March, Sawyer will have some idea of what to expect come May.
The 22-year-old made the intimidating trip to the country last week with his journey there eye-opening itself.
"It was crazy, we got there on the sole flight of the day," Sawyer said.
"It was just our team and the referees. When we got to the airport there was just a handful of people there.
"It took us an hour to just get our team through the baggage check. Everyone got their phones checked, I had a book checked.
"It was only a David Beckham book so they checked every page and there wasn't anything too bad on there obviously. They flicked through 80 percent of the pages and scanned them."
Before touching down in North Korea, Sawyer and his Tai Po teammates were given some guidelines to ensure they didn't fall foul of their hosts.
"We weren't allowed to call it North Korea. We weren't allowed to talk to the bus driver," he said.
"We were told basically to keep to ourselves and not talk to the people. We just wanted to get back to Hong Kong."
Once safely in the country, Sawyer then experienced an unnerving 90 minutes in front of the Ryomyong faithful.
With the match ending 0-0, there wasn't a whole lot to cheer about but the well-organised crowd made sure they were heard at intervals throughout the match .
"They all cheered at random points of the match together, it was a bit weird," Sawyer said.
"At random stages of the match they all cheered together no matter where the ball was.
"They had the North Korea flag showing. Big signs of the North Korea leaders inside the stadium and on a lot of the buildings around the city."
Having been largely restricted to the confines of the hotel during his stay, Sawyer did get the chance to visit a gift shop on his way back but his choice of item may never actually arrive Down Under.
"There was one little North Korean gift shop we were allowed to go to and that was it," he said.
"Other than that we were staying in the bus or the hotel.
"I sent my family some postcards but when we were leaving the hotel that day we were told they might not be sent."
Now safely back in Hong Kong for the time being, Sawyer's football journey to date is a unique one.
Despite making a handful of A-League appearances for the Jets, the Aussie jumped at the chance to test himself in Asia and has so far reaped the rewards of his gamble.
"When I left Newcastle in the A-League I played a number of games for Western Pride in the off-season and I got approached by a club in the Philippines and decided to just go on a whim," he said.
"I went there, my first season wasn't bad, scored some goals and Tai Po came along.
"Going to Asia it's not very typical and it does take mental grit to come here with the expectations of a foreign player. Not only on the field but off the field it's strengthened me.
"For the moment I can only play where I am and if I'm doing well things will come."
Just one of those things is that potential match in front of Kim Jong-un - one man the Aussie might think twice about scoring a hat-trick in front of.


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< Back to Expert Directory
Richard Kania
Professor of Criminal Justice, Jacksonville State University
Law enforcement policy
Justice system management
International crime control
Criminal justice policy
The mass media defines the public image of police, prosecutors, courts, and corrections by acting as gatekeepers of crime coverage. MORE
Fictional storylines and the news media reinforce one another by covering crime as an immediate public threat. MORE
Popular culture and the media converted the perception of pirates from brutal outcasts to adventure heroes for entertainment and profit. MORE
The levels of community violence and police violence are positively correlated. MORE
Richard Kania, Professor of Criminal Justice at Jacksonville State University, is an expert in law enforcement policy, media and community relations, justice system management, criminology, ethics, international crime control and criminal justice policy.
Kania previously taught at Guilford College, the University of North Carolina-Charlotte and UNC- Pembroke, the Southern Police Institute of the University of Louisville and the Central European University in Warsaw, Poland as a Senior Fulbright Scholar. He was awarded his second Senior Fulbright Professorship teaching at the Belarusian State University in Minsk, the Republic of Belarus. Prior to teaching, Kania served in the Army in Berlin and in Vietnam and was a city police officer, which led him to a career in criminal justice.
He has been published in numerous academic journals and is the author of Managing Criminal Justice Organizations and Mass Media and Criminal Justice, The Justice Professional.
Kania received his Ph.D. and M.A. in Social Anthropology and Sociology from the University of Virginia and B.A. in Anthropology from Florida State University.


The XFL is coming to Missouri, but not Kansas City. The league founded by wrestling front man Vince McMahon plans franchises in eight cities including St. Louis when it kicks off in February 2020.
Other cities including Los Angeles, New York, Dallas, Houston, Seattle, Tampa and Washington, D.C. St. Louis is the only metropolitan area without an NFL franchise landing an XFL team.


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/ TV Series / Modern Family / List of All Seasons
Modern Family : List of Seasons
Modern Family : List of All Seasons
10 Seasons 232 Episodes
List of seasons (10 )
Sep 2018 - 22 Episodes
On July 15, 2014 ABC announced that Modern Family returns with it's sixth season on Wednesday September 24 2014.
On May 10, 2012, ABC renewed Modern Family for a fourth season two months after the third season of the show received 14 Primetime Emmy Award nominations. The fourth season of the comedy television series, Modern Family premiered September 26, 2012 and ended on May 22, 2013 on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States.
The third season of the comedy television series, Modern Family premiered September 21, 2011 and ended on May 23, 2012 on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. Modern Family was officially renewed for a third season on January 10, 2011. The series airs at 9:00 pm ET on Wednesday on ABC and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Lloyd-Levitan Productions with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as show runners. This season like the previous seasons won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for Eric Stonestreet, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for Julie Bowen, along with Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for Steven Levitan, among the fourteen nominations it earned. It also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy.
The second season of the comedy television series, Modern Family premiered September 22, 2010 and ended on May 25, 2011 on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States. The series is produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Lloyd-Levitan Productions with creators Steven Levitan and Christopher Lloyd as show runners. On January 12, 2010, Modern Family was renewed for a second season by ABC. Season two of Modern Family aired Wednesdays in the United States at 9 p.m. and consisted of 24 episodes. The season received positive reviews from most critics, with many naming it the among the best series of 2010. Despite this, the season received criticism for a sophomore slump, most notably from Alan Sepinwall. Despite the criticism, the ratings for the series rose from the previous season due to the series winning a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. The series became the highest rated scripted program in the 18-49 demographic and the twenty-fourth most viewed program among all viewers; it was tied for being the highest rated ABC program. The series has also been nominated and won several awards including a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, the second year in a row.
The first season of the television comedy series Modern Family aired between September 23, 2009 and May 19, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The season was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Lloyd-Levitan Productions with series creators Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan as executive producers. The series focuses on Jay Pritchett, his daughter Claire Dunphy, and his son Mitchell Pritchett who live in Los Angeles. Claire is a homemaker mom married to Phil Dunphy; they have three children. Jay is married to a much younger Colombian woman, Gloria, and is helping her raise her pre-teen son, Manny. Mitchell and his partner Cameron Tucker have adopted a Vietnamese baby, Lily. Season one of Modern Family aired Wednesdays in the United States at 9 p.m. and consisted of 24 episodes. The season received critical acclaim from most critics, many of whom named it the best new show of 2009. The episode "Fizbo" received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics, with BuddyTV naming it the second best show of 2009. It was nominated for 14 Emmy Awards; eight Primetime Emmy Awards and six Creative Arts Emmy Awards, the most nominations for a comedy series after Glee and 30 Rock. The series was also a ratings success and the first season averaged 9.39 million viewers for all 24 episodes. The ratings led to ABC renewing the series for a second season mid-way through the first. The first season DVD and Blu-ray Disc box set was released on September 21, 2010.


I ran across this recipe on another blog and when I was cooking according to her directions, I found myself immediately deviating from her directions. This actually turned out as a great creamy, herby pasta dish that comes together in about 20-30 minutes. So if want a departure from your typical pasta dish but not skimp on flavor this one might be a good fit.
I still have a case of the blog blahs and in perfect form, I thought I took pictures last night but didn't have my card in my camera…doh. So picture if you will, a creamy pasta dish resembling a looser alfredo sauce but packed with herbs, spinach and grape tomatoes. Additionally, some sliced pieces of bite sized chicken that replaced a meatball.
The recipe that I followed used evaporated milk which I did do but wouldn't do it again. Instead, I would use whole milk, cream or even a dollop of cream cheese or something. Also, she suggested covering your chicken with pesto prior to cooking. I found that it started to burn the pesto. So much so, that when I removed my chicken I had to deglaze the pan with water and start from scratch missing out of on those lovely chicken bits and juices. I also amped up the parmesan cheese to compensate for the evaporate milk.
Last note, I have been falling in love with my grocery store salad bar. Instead of buying vegetables that I wouldn't always use, I load up on the vegetables I want to cook that night. I added spinach, grape tomatoes, sliced red onion and a few mushrooms.
My recipe should deliver a super fast but delicious meal.
small amount of sliced red onion from salad bar.
Needed: Two pots: one for the sauce and chicken and one for boiling the pasta.
1. Start boiling the water for your pasta.
2. Lightly salt and pepper your chicken breasts. I tenderized them with a mallet to flatten them out to an even thickness. I heated a pan with olive oil on medium heat. The idea is to put a little color on them. Cook three to four minutes each side and remove them to rest.
2. Make a roux by adding the butter and flour in the same pot of the removed chicken. When it turns light brown, go ahead and add your minced garlic, red onion, and halved grape tomatoes and stir for one minute.
3. Add the chicken stock and loosen everything up. Turn down the heat to low and then add the pesto, the cream/milk and parm. Stir until the sauce thickens.
4. Cook your pasta according to the package in salted water. While it cooks cut the chicken breast on the bias and then add the sliced chicken back into the sauce and continue to stir.
5. When your pasta is cooked al dente, remove it, drain it and add the pasta into the sauce pot. Now add in your spinach and basil until nicely wilted but not over cooked. Serve and top with some fresh shaved parm and torn basil.


A Unit citation was awarded in 2018 for this incident, and upon further investigation of the incident this award is being provided with the details gained from the investigation of the incident.
On February 20, 2017, Hawthorne's Engine 3 and Chief 50 where dispatched from Fire Hqs to respond to a house fire located on Prospect Street around 7:30 p.m that evening. Upon arrival crews encountered what would be a deep-seated basement fire. As an initial crew from the Ridgewood FD made entry from the "A" side to locate the seat of the fire, a secondary crew of Hawthorne and Glen Rock firefighters were beginning to gain entry at the "C" side of the structure with hand lines and assist in search of the home. Firefighter Andrew Massey, Captain Dominick DeGroot, Lt Darrel Foca, Lt Mike Van Lenten and AC Longo entered on the "C" side and within seconds came upon two firefighters from the Ridgewood FD in trouble as the floor gave way below them.


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Bear pit at Riverside Park and other bygone animal attractions
Bear pit at Riverside Park and other bygone animal...
Covid history in Indiana
The Covid-19 pandemic obviously will be the focus of work by future historians. But enough history has unfolded already for Hoosier History Live to explore the beginnings of the health crisis in Indiana, including the first diagnosed case and the first death in the state.
During this show, we also will compare the...
The 25th Amendment, presidential succession and Indiana connections
Avriel Shull, trail-blazing home builder and designer - encore
Even though we're just past Women's History Month, it's never a bad time to spotlight the impact of an Indiana architectural trail-blazer who had both pizzazz and spunk.
Beginning in the 1950s, when women home builders were a rarity, Avriel Shull designed and built
Fugitives and prison escapees from Indiana
Indiana wants me
Lord, I can't go back there.
Those were the opening lines of a pop song that became a hit in 1970, rising to No. 5 on the Billboard Top 100 list. True crime author Andrew Stoner uses the song, Indiana Wants Me, in his newest book as an entree to exploring fugitives and prison escapees throughout more...


Security researchers are now working on ways of generating machine code that looks like English-language text (PDF).
In this paper we revisit the assumption that shellcode need be fundamentally different in structure than non-executable data. Specifically, we elucidate how one can use natural language generation techniques to produce shellcode that is superficially similar to English prose. We argue that this new development poses significant challenges for inline payloadbased inspection (and emulation) as a defensive measure, and also highlights the need for designing more efficient techniques for preventing shellcode injection attacks altogether.
A Valentine's Day card has caused a homeland security alert in Pittsburgh; the man who bought the card for his daughter noticed that it contained the word "Jihad", and the message "It's Time To Be Mine". Could Osama bin Laden be using Valentine's Day cards to communicate with his sleeper agents?


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Home > Vol 21, No 1 (2018) >	OGUNLEYE
ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG EKITI STATE UNIVERSITY, ADO EKITI AND OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERSITY, AGO IWOYE UNDERGRADUATES IN NIGERIA.
Adedeji Julius OGUNLEYE, lizabeth Adeshola ADIGBOLUJA
The study examined the influence of alcohol dependence on social anxiety and psychological well being by comparatively studying undergraduates from Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye (OOU) and Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti (EKSU). A total of 191 students drawn from the two institutions participated in the study, using the snowball sampling technique. They included 96 from Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti (41 females and 55 males) and 95 from Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye (48 females and 47 males). Alcohol Dependence Scale, General Health Questionnaire (28), and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale were used to measure alcohol dependence, psychological well being and social anxiety respectively. Four hypotheses were generated and tested using both the t-test and the Analysis of Variance. Results of data analysis revealed that alcohol dependence significantly affects social anxiety [r (191) = -.162, P,.05]. It was also shown that alcohol dependence has a significant influence on social dysfunction [t (189) = 2.32, P<.01] and anxiety insomnia [t (189) = 1.86, P<.05] (two of the four sub-scales of psychological well-being). Results also revealed a significant difference in alcohol dependence between students from institutions [F (1,190) = 11.48, P<.05] with Ekiti State University undergraduates (x=14.16) being more dependent on alcohol than their Olabisi Onabanjo University undergraduate (x=9.37) counterparts; and that males are significantly highly dependent on alcohol than their female counterparts. Findings from the study were discussed in line with available literature and it was recommended that undergraduates should be properly guided by both the law enforcement agents, parents and school administrators while also being exposed to the consequences of drug, especially alcohol, dependence and the use of illicit substances.
Alcohol Dependence, Social Anxiety, Psychological well being, Undergraduates.
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Chapter 5: Web Service Security
Security is a major requirement for Web services that is not addressed by the SOAP specification. WS-Security leverages other specifications, like XML Signature and XML Encryption, to describe a set of XML-based functionalities that can be used to secure SOAP messages. In this chapter, I will discuss some of the potential security vulnerabilities inherent in Web services, as well as ways to address these vulnerabilities. I will take an in depth look at the WS-Security specification and the security features that it prescribes. Finally, I will discuss Microsoft s support of the WS-Security specification provided by the Microsoft Web Services Enhancements (WSE), and I will demonstrate how to use this product to secure a .NET Web service.
Please note that this chapter is not meant to be a complete resource for all .NET programming security issues. For an excellent general treatise on creating secure applications and services, you ll want to read Writing Secure Code , Second Edition, by Michael Howard and David LeBlanc (Microsoft Press, 2002).
Basic Security Concepts
It has been widely acknowledged that security issues have posed a major roadblock for companies looking to deploy Web services. As great as all of the discoverability and interoperability benefits of Web services sound, don t forget that Web services transmit data, potentially sensitive data, through the wild unknown of the Internet. While SOAP messages excel at providing a standardized interface for remotely accessing Web services, they do present an additional vulnerability when opening communication to them over the Internet. While even traditional binary communication protocols must be secured across the Internet, since SOAP messages are transmitted as a stream of human-readable XML, reading or tampering with an intercepted message becomes that much easier. Because of this, it s even more important to design security into your Web service. Sometimes even non- malicious users can cause problems for an unsecured Web service. For instance, if you provide a useful service such as a stock ticker or a sports reporting service to anyone sending a properly formatted SOAP request, don t be surprised when some enterprising developer has created an application that uses your service. If this application is poorly written (frequent requests and improper use of caching, for instance) or when the application becomes widely distributed, you ll see unanticipated and unexplained decreases in the performance of your service.
Although Web services are based on open standards and designed to be discoverable, this doesn t mean that they should be accessible to unauthorized clients . The requirements of some Web service applications mandate access control to its services.
Planning for Security
Web services need to be designed from the ground up to use the best available security features and best practices, not just whatever is easiest to bring the service online. In developing effective and robust security for Web services, it s important to understand and plan for the types of attacks that might be launched against your service. In order to adequately secure a Web service, the following areas must be addressed:
Authentication It is important to verify who is making a Web service request. Unless you don t care who is accessing your service, requests that cannot be positively authenticated should be denied authorization and access to any resources. You also need to guard against malicious users impersonating, or spoofing, other users to gain access to your service.
Authorization If an authenticated party making the request does not have permission to access the service and any requested resources, then the request should be denied. Again, care must be taken in preventing malicious users from spoofing of an authorized user .
Secure messaging Data must be secure from malicious tampering as it travels across the Internet, the integrity of the message must be maintained , and the request itself could be encrypted for confidentiality.
Secure data access Web services should implement well-defined data access strategies and not allow ad hoc access to underlying data sources.
Denial of service Even when everything else has been done right, an attacker can attempt to block access to your service with a barrage of bogus requests.
Now let s take an in-depth look at techniques to secure these vulnerable areas of your Web service.
Authentication is the process by which a party presents information to a second party to prove its identity. In order to establish the trust needed to communicate securely, both parties should complete this process, known as mutual authentication. In the context of our discussion, this process involves an application accessing the resources of a Web service. During mutual authentication, an application makes a request that includes one or more claims about its identity along with information sufficient to prove this identity to the Web service. An example of a simple claim is I am Bob, where this claim can be included in the request message header as < username >Bob< /username >. In this case, Bob is known as the principal. Of course, our principal, Bob, still needs to prove that he actually is Bob and not just Nancy or Tim claiming to be Bob.
To prove to the service that he is who he claims to be, Bob proves that he has a piece of information that both he and the service know. This information, known as proof-of-possession, can be a shared secret, like a password or a randomly generated cryptographic key, or it can be a cryptographic endorsement issued by a trusted third-party service. When the proof-of-possession is a shared secret, the secret itself should never be sent with the message unless the message is first encrypted; otherwise , the secret is at risk of interception, which can lead to a spoofing attack. A more secure way to demonstrate proof of possession is to use the shared secret to cryptographically generate a separate proof-of-possession that is bound to the message itself. In such situations, this digital signature, generated using the shared secret and the message itself, can be sufficient to prove possession and back up the original claim. I will discuss digital signatures in more detail shortly.
After receiving the message, the Web service verifies that the proof-of-possession matches the authentication claim being made, which in the case of a digital signature means that the signature generated using the recipient s copy of the shared secret matches the one included in the request message. Once this verification is made, the requestor is considered authenticated. This combination of a claim and its related proof-of-possession is also referred to as credentials. Often, during the initial authentication, a principle will be assigned a temporary shared secret key to use in subsequent requests to the service. This solution, used in many authentication mechanisms " including Microsoft Windows, eliminates the need to directly use passwords as proof of possession. This also is the basis of the WS-SecureConversation specification that I will discuss in Chapter 8.
The WS-Security specification introduces the concept of security tokens, which are representations of authentication credentials, and it differentiates between signed and unsigned security tokens. A username and password is an example of an unsigned security token, where the recipient must be able to verify the token with its own copy of the username and password before trusting the sender. Signed security tokens are created by a security authority and are cryptographically signed, or endorsed, by this authority s own proof-of-possession. Some well-known examples of signed security tokens are Kerberos tickets and X.509 certificates, which I will discuss shortly. When accepting a signed security token, if a Web service trusts the authority that created the token, then it can authenticate the requestor based on that trust. In Chapter 8, I will go into more detail on trust relationships, security token services, and how temporary security tokens are created. Because WS-Security is extensible, it also supports XML-based security tokens and authentication mechanisms, like the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) and the eXtensible rights Markup Language (XrML); however, I do not discuss these mechanisms in this book.
Public Key Authentication
Most authentication methods require that both parties have copies of proof-of- possession information, whether passwords, hashed passwords, or shared secret keys. Because both parties possess a copy of the secret key, this is known as symmetric key authentication. The drawbacks to such methods are related to management of the shared secret keys, distributing them, and keeping them safe, especially on public networks like the Internet. Asymmetric authentication mechanisms were designed to solve some of these key management challenges in public networks by using key pairs instead of shared secret keys.
In this type of authentication, each party has a private key, which is used to sign the message, thereby demonstrating proof-of-possession, and a corresponding public key, which can be freely distributed, that is used to verify the signature. The public key is generated by a cryptographically irreversible operation on the private key so that the private key cannot be determined from the public key. The other cool behavior of public/private key pairs is that a sender can encrypt the contents of a message with the recipient s public key, and on receipt, the private key can then be used to decrypt the message. Asymmetric key-based authentication is the basis for this Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) that is used by the X.509 security standard. Since asymmetric algorithms are less efficient than symmetric ones, asymmetric keys are often used to safely transport a temporary symmetric key that is only valid for the duration of the exchange. Figure 5-1 illustrates how PKI can be used to securely transport sensitive data between Bob and Tom, assuming that both Bob and Tom have access to, and trust, each other s public keys. This sensitive data might be a shared symmetric key that can be used to encrypt the rest of the conversation.
Figure 5-1: Using public and private keys to secure communication
In the X.509 security standard, public keys, endorsements made by a Certificate Authority (CA), and additional metadata comprise an X.509 certificate. WS-Security defines a special signed security token type for binary security tokens that contain an X.509 certificate, which is encoded so that it can be transported in a SOAP message. Certificates are distributed by a Certificate Authority (CA). When an X.509 certificate is issued by the CA to a trusted principal, it contain a public key, and depending on the protocol used, the related private key may also be sent.
When making a request to a Web service, a token representing a certificate, which contains a copy of the sender s public key, is sent to the service. In addition, the request message is signed with the sender s private key and optionally encrypted with the recipient s public key. When received, the Web service can use its private key to decrypt the message and use the attached token to verify the sender s signature, which demonstrates proof of possession. Later in this chapter, I will show how WSE implements X.509-based security.
Kerberos was originally designed by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to better enable the execution of security permissions on distributed networks and through secure firewalls. A foundation for security authentication in Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003, Kerberos is a distributed security protocol that provides a way for entities such as users and services or clients and servers to authenticate themselves to each other. Kerberos, also spelled Cerberus, was the three-headed dog in ancient Greek and Roman mythology that was believed to guard the passage to the underworld. This name is appropriate because the protocol involves the interaction of two principals (the user and the service) plus a third party that issues signed security tokens.
In a Web services scenario, Kerberos provides a method for a third-party service to independently verify trust with two parties and then to securely distribute shared secret keys that these two parties can use as the basis of a secure interaction. In this scenario, a principal s credentials are maintained by a third- party key distribution center (KDC). The KDC has two functions: it acts as both the Authentication Service (AS), whose job is to authenticate users based on their supplied credentials (typically username and password), and the ticket- granting service (TGS), whose job is distributing service access tickets that contain the shared secret key. The Kerberos process for a client accessing a Web service includes the following steps, as shown in Figure 5-2:
The client sends an authentication request to the AS portion of the KDC.
The AS sends a challenge message back to the client.
The client uses a persisted master key to sign the response, where the KDC has a copy of this master key.
After verifying the signed response, the AS returns a ticket-granting ticket (TGT) containing a temporary secret key that can be persisted during the session to prevent having to use the permanent credentials.
The client presents the TGT to the TGS portion of the KDC in a request to access the desired Web service.
The TGS returns a service ticket to the client containing a temporary session key that will be shared with the Web service. The service ticket contains two encrypted copies of the session key, one for the client and one for the Web service. Each copy of the session key is encrypted with the appropriate party's master key.
The client decrypts the service ticket and uses its copy of the key in the session ticket to secure the message to the Web service.
The client sends a request message to the Web service along with the service ticket.
The Web service uses its persisted credentials to decrypt its copy of the session key from the session ticket.
The Web service uses the session key to access the contents of the message.
Figure 5-2: Kerberos KDC distributing tickets to enable service access.
The strengths of the Kerberos protocol lie in the fact that the parties involved in an interaction never need to exchange or possess the other s credentials because the KDC shares a secret with each of the principals. Like X.509 certificates, WS-Security defines special signed security token types for binary security tokens that represent either a Kerberos service ticket (ST) or a Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT), which enables you to use Kerberos authentication for your Web service. Also, version 2.0 of WSE provides support for Kerberos- based tokens.
While authentication is concerned with proving identity and verifying trust, authorization is concerned with determining if a principle has permission to access Web service resources. For example, just because Bob can prove that he is in fact Bob, it doesn t mean that he has the privileges to access the method on a Web service that he s requesting. Often applications will make authorization decisions based on information provided by the requester. If Bob sends a request to a Web service that includes his user information, the service can check internally to see whether it should fulfill Bob s request.
The process of authorization is always separate from the authentication process. Sometimes, however, the same service can make both authorization and authentication determinations, as is possible with Kerberos. Since it can be considered risky to have authorization information distributed across many servers, it makes sense also to keep a central authorization server that can be hardened like an authentication server "even user identifiers can be of value, even without the corresponding password information. In Kerberos, when Bob presents his TGT to the KDC with a service request, an authorization decision is actually being made as to whether Bob can access the service. Only after Bob has been authorized by the KDC will he be granted the service ticket that allows him to access the service. Regardless of what type of security token is presented for authentication, WSE provides a built-in mechanism for authorizing Web service access to a given principle, which we will see later in this chapter.
As a general rule, all of your applications should adhere to the principle of least privilege. This principle dictates that any application should only be given the access permissions needed to do the specific task of the application. This means that if the application does not need to write to a disk, then it should not be granted write permissions to that disk. Also, the user account under which the application runs, which for a .NET Web service is a special ASP.NET account, should never be an administrator account or a member of a group with high-level privileges. The application should only be granted the lowest levels of privileges needed to get the job done.
For years , transport-level encryption has been the magic bullet of Internet security standards. The two main protocols that are used to implement transport- level security are IP Security (IPSec), which implements security at the Internet Protocol (IP) level, and Transport Layer Security (TLS), more commonly referred to as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). The IPSec provisions for authentication, integrity, and confidentiality over the IP protocol has already been leveraged to provide such benefits as secure virtual private networks (VPNs), which many corporations use to provide intranet access to remote workers.
Developed by Netscape, the SSL protocol is a client/server protocol between the lower-level transports of TCP/IP and the higher-level HTTP protocol that allows an SSL server to authenticate itself to an SSL-enabled client in order to undertake encrypted communication. The SSL protocol has played a major role in the successes in e-commerce in recent years by making Internet connections secure enough to allow credit card transactions. For a technical discussion of SSL, see the SSL specification at http://wp.netscape.com/eng/ssl3 .
SSL can be used in a Web service architecture because any SOAP message can be sent fully encrypted over the wire via SSL. However, as beneficial as SSL has become, as usual there are trade-offs between security, functionality, code complexity, and performance. For example, securing any transaction using an encrypted transport will be slower than without such confidentiality measures because of the high cost of encrypting and decrypting data. Also, since SSL establishes a secure dialogue between a client and a server at the transport level, messages sent via SSL must be sent direct, which means you can t take advantage of many of the routing functionalities supported by SOAP without revealing the unencrypted message to each intermediary.
WS-Security proposes a more precise method for securing SOAP messages. If a SOAP message must be routed or forwarded to other recipients, transport- layer encryption cannot be used to maintain security throughout the entire message path . An encrypted transport, like SSL, can only be used between individual message endpoints because, among other limitations, such encryption prevents intermediate SOAP routers or Web services from reading SOAP headers to determine where the message should be sent next without incurring all of the decryption and re-encryption costs just to check the message headers. WS-Security leverages the security features detailed in the XML Encryption and XML Signature standards to secure only the necessary parts of the SOAP message. As I will discuss shortly, a signature can be generated over all or part of a message, and this signature can be validated by the recipient against its own signature of the message. If the signatures do not match, then the message has been changed and should be considered invalid. Likewise, all or part of the SOAP body as well as part of the header can be encrypted using a shared secret key or a public key in the case of PKI. In this way, only a holder of the corresponding shared key or of the private PKI key can decrypt and interpret the message. When attaching a username token to a SOAP message, as prescribed by WS-Security, an encrypted transport should still be used to maximize security.
Secure Data Access
While secure data access does not relate specifically with Web services or WSE, I feel that this discussion is important when outlining end-to-end security for Web services. This is because even after implementing security in all of the previous areas, you should still plan for a secure interaction between the Web service application and its underlying data store. Otherwise, should an attacker manage to successfully impersonate, or spoof, an authorized user of your Web service, they could access or even damage data used by the Web service. For example, if your Web service has a method that allows client applications to submit ad hoc queries that are then executed against a database or stored XML document and if an attacker manages to spoof a valid user, then being able to submit any query string essentially gives them unrestricted access to all of the data in your data source. If you want to keep your data secure, do not allow clients to supply their own query strings. You should also not build query strings for data access directly from data supplied by the client, since a malicious client can supply strings that when concatenated into a query can lead to elevation of privileges or even destruction of data.
While an application should always validate any externally supplied data, the most secure method for data access is to create pre-defined stored procedures or data access functions. In this way, any user inputs can be restricted to the expected data types and can be validated within the stored procedure or function. When your data source is SQL Server or any other database that supports stored procedures, using stored procedures and validating any string inputs is by far the best way to prevent so-called SQL injection attacks. You should also apply the least privilege principle for data access by restricting access from your ASP.NET account to only the database objects needed to complete the defined application tasks . That way, the database will block access to unrelated data during a successful spoofing attack.
One of the biggest vulnerabilities of Web services, even those with good authentication and authorization schemes, is the denial of service (DoS) attack. A DoS attack is launched by generating a barrage of valid SOAP requests with the sole purpose of making the service unavailable by consuming resources (network, memory, and CPU) needed by the service as it tries to handle all of the requests. When multiple computers are involved in a coordinated attack, it is known as a distributed denial of service attack (DDoS). Even if the attackers cannot be authenticated, the SOAP request must still be handled and a response must be generated. The best way to head off the barrage of malicious requests that comprise a DoS or DDoS attack is to apply custom logic, such as ISAPI filters, to intercept malicious packets at the Web server. Another emerging solution to this type of attack is to use XML filters to validate and inspect the contents of SOAP requests at the firewall. The WSE does what it can to help mitigate the effectiveness of DoS attacks. Since the key to handling such attacks is to fail invalid requests as quickly as possible, the security input filter is one of the first input filters that parses an incoming SOAP message as it passes through the WSE filter pipeline. This enables request messages without valid credentials to be rejected without any more processing being done by the WSE or your Web service application.
Understanding Web Services Specifications and the WSE (Pro Developer)
EAN: 2147483647
Authors: Jeannine Hall Gailey
Beginners Guide to DarkBASIC Game Programming (Premier Press Game Development)
Basic Commands, Variables, and Data Types
More Power to the Numbers Data Sequences and Arrays
Game Graphics Learning to Use Bitmaps
Programming the Keyboard, Mouse, and Joystick
Playing Intro Movies and Cut-Scenes
Twisted Network Programming Essentials
Finding Answers to Your Questions
Storing Web Data in an SQL Database
Providing IMAP Access to Mailboxes
Using NNTP as a User Interface
Setting Limits on an Applications Permissions
Professional Struts Applications: Building Web Sites with Struts ObjectRelational Bridge, Lucene, and Velocity (Experts Voice)
Creating a Struts-based MVC Application
Form Presentation and Validation with Struts
Managing Business Logic with Struts
Templates and Velocity
Building the JavaEdge Application with Ant and Anthill
InDesign Type: Professional Typography with Adobe InDesign CS2
Redefining Styles
AutoCAD 2005 and AutoCAD LT 2005. No Experience Required
Setting Up a Drawing
Gaining Drawing Strategies: Part 1
Using Layouts to Set Up a Print
Printing an AutoCAD Drawing
Appendix A Look at Drawing in 3D
Comparing, Designing, and Deploying VPNs
Benefits and Drawbacks of L2TPv3-Based L2VPNs
L2TPv3 Pseudowire Operation
Deploying IPsec VPNs: Fundamental Considerations


The fashion industry is one of the most dynamic industries where trends come and go with the changing seasons.
Every year there is something sensational that captures the minds of people for some time and fades away with the same pace.
However, a fashion business aims to attract as many customers as possible. In such a dynamic industry, speed to connect is critical.
Thankfully, modern technology brings a long array of system-based touchpoints. Bulk SMS is an example. It is a fast and reliable method which can make the task of customer communication unbelievably simple.
Why is bulk SMS so much important in the fashion industry? What is so special about it? Let's understand.
Since people use mobile and other devices to search the outlet or brand, the bulk SMS campaign takes the benefit of an impulsive purchase.
Not only such buyers open the SMS but also add the item to the cart and check-out. You should not forget that on-the-go shopping is always fast-paced and instantaneous. Hence, a well-timed SMS still hits the Bull's-Eye!
Using a bulk SMS campaign in the fashion industry is an effective way to stay connected to the customers. Also, it keeps the customers connected to the brand.
A seasonal sale or new release communicated timely generates sales leads. Rather than customers browsing the items, you keep them updated with the latest arrivals.
The customers feel a strong relationship with the brand.
It is easy to acquire new customers, but it is difficult to retain them. It is true with every industry, including the fashion industry!
When you use a bulk SMS service in the fashion business, you build a live communication channel with the buyers. It enhances the possibility of their retention.
Modern tools such as integrating Artificial Intelligence tools with bulk SMS marketing strategy improve the possibility of retaining customers further.
Everyone loves to avail offers, discount coupons, and gift vouchers. Also, the old customers expect something in return for their loyalty with the brand.
By sending them SMS at the right time, you can convert a one-off customer into a return customer. The SMS is short, to-the-point and instant. Therefore, the impact is quite high.
Online shopping is an exciting experience, and bulk SMS makes it furthermore exciting. Use it to add new dimensions to your fashion business.


ffmpy is a Python wrapper for FFmpeg. It compiles FFmpeg command line from provided arguments and their respective options and excutes it using Python's subprocess.
ffmpy resembles the command line approach FFmpeg uses. It can read from an arbitrary number of input "files" (regular files, pipes, network streams, grabbing devices, etc.) and write into arbitrary number of output "files". See FFmpeg documentation for further details about how FFmpeg command line options and arguments work.
ffmpy supports FFmpeg pipe protocol. This means that it is possible to pass input data to stdin and get output data from stdout.
At this moment ffmpy has wrappers for ffmpeg and ffprobe commands, but it should be possible to run other FFmpeg tools with it (e.g. ffserver).
This takes input.mp4 file in the current directory as the input, changes the video container from MP4 to AVI without changing any other video parameters and creates a new output file output.avi in the current directory.
© Copyright 2016, Andriy Yurchuk. Revision 4ed3ab7c.


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Posts Tagged 'McCloud Mill
Exhibition: 'Photography and the American Civil War' at the New Orleans Museum of Art (NOMA)
Categories: American, american photographers, black and white photography, documentary photography, existence, gallery website, landscape, light, memory, New York, photographic series, photography, portrait, reality, space, time and works on paper
Tags: 141st New York Infantry Volunteers, A. J. Russell, Abraham Lincoln, African-American abolitionist, Afro-American slaves, Ain't I a Woman?, Albumen silver print, Alexander Gardner, Alexander Gardner Incidents of the War, Alexander Gardner President Abraham Lincoln, Alexander Gardner Ruins of Gallego Flour Mills Richmond, Alexander Gardner What Do I Want John Henry?, Allan Pinkerton, ambrotype, ambrotype and blue light, Ambrotype registering blue light, American artists, American Civil War, American civil war photography, American photographers, American photography, Andrew Joseph Russell, Andrew Joseph Russell Confederate Method of Destroying Rail Roads at McCloud Mill, Andrew Joseph Russell Slave Pen Alexandria Virginia, Antietam, Appomattox, Army of Northern Virginia, Battle of Gaines's Mill, Battlefield of Bull Run, Benjamin Pattillo, Bonaventure Cemetery Four Miles from Savannah, Broadside for the Capture of John Wilkes Booth John Surratt and David Herold, Bull Run, Captain Charles A. and Sergeant John M. Hawkins, Captain Charles A. Hawkins, cartes de visite, Charles A. Hawkins, Civil War Portrait Lockets, Colonel George H. Banks, Confederate Method of Destroying Rail Roads at McCloud Mill, Confederate Sergeant in Slouch Hat, daguerreotype and blue light, daguerreotype registering blue light, David Herold, E. J. Allen, Edward Everett, emancipated slaves, Emancipated Slaves Brought from Louisiana by Colonel George H. Banks, Franklin and Armfield, Game Board with Portraits of President Abraham Lincoln and Union Generals, George N. Barnard, George N. Barnard Bonaventure Cemetery, George N. Barnard Ruins of Mrs. Henry's House, George Pattillo, Georgia Volunteer Infantry, Headquarters Army of the Potomac, Henry Volunteers, I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance, Incidents of the War, Isabella Baumfree, James A. Holeman, James Pattillo, John C. Breckinridge, John M. Hawkins, John Pattillo, John Surratt, John Wilkes Booth, Lieutenant Edward Doherty, Major General John A. McClernand, McCloud Mill, Mourning Corsage with Portrait of Abraham Lincoln, Myron H. Kimball, Myron H. Kimball Emancipated Slaves Brought from Louisiana by Colonel George H. Banks, New Orleans Museum of Art, NOMA, Oliver H. Willard, Oliver H. Willard Ordnance Private, Photography and the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln, Presidential Campaign Medals, Roxboro Grays, Ruins of Gallego Flour Mills Richmond, Ruins of Mrs. Henry's House, Secret Service of the United States, Sergeant John M. Hawkins, Shenandoah Valley, Slave Pen Alexandria Virginia, slaves, Sojourner Truth, Sojourner Truth I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance, Stephen A. Douglas, The Pattillo Brothers, Thirty-eighth Regiment, tintype, Tom Cobb Infantry, Twenty-fourth North Carolina Infantry Regiment, Twenty-second Regiment, war photography
Exhibition dates: 31st January – 4th May 2014
This posting continues my fascination with the American Civil War, with new photographs from the exhibition to compliment the posting I did when it was staged at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, April – September 2013.
I have included fascinating close-up details: the collar of African-American Union soldier John Henry flapping in the breeze during the long time exposure (What Do I Want, John Henry? Warrenton, Virginia November 1862, below); the pale grey/blue eyes of George Patillo which have been added to the plate afterwards1 (The Pattillo Brothers (Benjamin, George, James, and John) etc… 1861-63, below); the horrific branding of the slave Wilson Chinn who had the initials of his owner burned into his head (Emancipated Slaves Brought from Louisiana by Colonel George H. Banks, December 1863, below); and the crumpled coat of Allan Pinkerton, Chief of the Secret Service of the United States, as he poses with his president (President Abraham Lincoln et al, October 4, 1862, below).
1. "The daguerreotype, like all photographic processes before 1873 [including Ambrotypes], was sensitive to blue light only, so that red dresses registered black and people with blue eyes appeared to have no irises and looked quite strange."
Davies, Alan. An Eye for Photography: The camera in Australia. Melbourne: The Miegunyah Press/State Library of New South Wales, 2002, p. 8.
Many thankx to the New Orleans Museum of Art for allowing me to publish the photographs in the posting. Please click on the photographs for a larger version of the image.
Alexander Gardner (American, Glasgow, Scotland 1821-1882 Washington, D.C.;)
What Do I Want, John Henry? Warrenton, Virginia
Albumen photograph from the album Incidents of the War
Photography collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs
The New York Public Library Astor, Lennox and Tilden Foundations
What Do I Want, John Henry? Warrenton, Virginia (detail)
Andrew Joseph Russell (American, 1830-1902)
Confederate Method of Destroying Rail Roads at McCloud Mill, Virginia
Albumen silver print from glass negative
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1933
Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Captain Charles A. and Sergeant John M. Hawkins, Company E, "Tom Cobb Infantry," Thirty-eighth Regiment, Georgia Volunteer Infantry
Quarter-plate ambrotype with applied color
David Wynn Vaughan Collection
Photo: Jack Melton
The vast majority of war portraits, either cased images or cartes de visite, are of individual soldiers. Group portraits in smaller formats are more rare and challenged the field photographer (as well as the studio gallerist) to conceive and execute an image that would honor the occasion and be desirable – saleable – to multiple sitters. For the patient photographer, this created interesting compositional problems and an excellent opportunity to make memorable group portraits of brothers, friends, and even members of different regiments.
In this quarter-plate ambrotype, Confederate Captain Charles Hawkins of the Thirty-eighth Regiment, Georgia Volunteer Infantry, on the left, sits for his portrait with his brother John, a sergeant in the same regiment. They address the camera and draw their fighting knives from scabbards. Charles would die on June 13, 1863, in the Shenandoah Valley during General Robert E. Lee's second invasion of the North. John, wounded at the Battle of Gaines's Mill in June 1862, would survive the war, fighting with his company until its surrender at Appomattox.
[The Pattillo Brothers (Benjamin, George, James, and John), Company K, "Henry Volunteers," Twenty-second Regiment, Georgia Volunteer Infantry]
Plate: 8.3 x 10.8 cm (3 1/4 x 4 1/4 in.)
The four Pattillo boys of Henry County were brothers who all enlisted together in Company K of the 22nd Regiment of the GA Volunteer Infantry on August 31, 1861.
Benjamin, seated on the left holding a Confederate hand-grenade, made a 50-dollar bounty during his tenure from April 5 to June 20, 1862. He was shot in the stomach at 2nd Manassas on August 30, 1862, and died in the General Hospital in Warrenton, VA, the next day.
George, second from the left, was detailed for shoemaking at Augusta, GA in November of 1862 until the close of the war. He was the only Pattillo to make it out of the Civil War without an injury. He made 35 cents per shoe and made 106 shoes in February 29, for $37.10. The pay for a soldier was 3 dollars per day.
James, second from the right, was discharged in March of 1862 but reenlisted afterwards. He was shot in the foot in the Battle of Second Deep Bottom on August 16, 1864. The injury resulted in the amputation of his third toe. Pension records show he was at home on wounded furlough to close of the war.
John, seated on the right, was admitted to Chimborazo Hospital #2 in Richmond on May 31, 1862, because of a case of Dysentery. He returned to duty on June 14, 1862, but was wounded at the Seven Days' battles near Richmond on June 28,1862. He was admitted to C. S. A. General Hospital at Charlottesville on November 20, 1862, and again on December 16, 1862. He returned to duty on December 17, 1862, but pension records show he was discharged on account of wounds in March of 1863. (Text from the Historynet.com website)
[The Pattillo Brothers (Benjamin, George, James, and John), Company K, "Henry Volunteers," Twenty-second Regiment, Georgia Volunteer Infantry] (detail)
Myron H. Kimball (American, active 1860s)
Emancipated Slaves Brought from Louisiana by Colonel George H. Banks
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Gift, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2005
Emancipated Slaves Brought from Louisiana by Colonel George H. Banks (detail)
The slave (at back left) with those letters was Wilson Chinn, who was about 60 years old at the time. When he was 21 years old he was sold to Volsey B. Marmillion, a sugar planter about 45 miles above New Orleans. Marmillion branded his slaves, including Wilson. Those are Marmillion's initials, horrifically burned into Wilson's forehead in the image.
Russell Lord, photography curator at NOMA
Slave Pen, Alexandria, Virginia
25.6 x 36.5 cm (10 1/16 x 14 3/8 in.)
Gilman Collection, Purchase, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Gift, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2005
Better known for his later views commissioned by the Union Pacific Railroad, A. J. Russell, a captain in the 141st New York Infantry Volunteers, was one of the few Civil War photographers who was also a soldier. As a photographer-engineer for the U.S. Military Railroad Con struction Corps, Russell's duty was to make a historical record of both the technical accomplishments of General Herman Haupt's engineers and the battlefields and camp sites in Virginia. This view of a slave pen in Alexandria guarded, ironically, by Union officers shows Russell at his most insightful; the pen had been converted by the Union Army into a prison for captured Confederate soldiers.
Between 1830 and 1836, at the height of the American cotton market, the District of Columbia, which at that time included Alexandria, Virginia, was considered the seat of the slave trade. The most infamous and successful firm in the capital was Franklin & Armfield, whose slave pen is shown here under a later owner's name. Three to four hundred slaves were regularly kept on the premises in large, heavily locked cells for sale to Southern plantation owners. According to a note by Alexander Gardner, who published a similar view, "Before the war, a child three years old, would sell in Alexandria, for about fifty dollars, and an able-bodied man at from one thousand to eighteen hundred dollars. A woman would bring from five hundred to fifteen hundred dollars, according to her age and personal attractions."
Late in the 1830s Franklin and Armfield, already millionaires from the profits they had made, sold out to George Kephart, one of their former agents. Although slavery was outlawed in the District in 1850, it flourished across the Potomac in Alexandria. In 1859, Kephart joined William Birch, J. C. Cook, and C. M. Price and conducted business under the name of Price, Birch & Co. The partnership was dissolved in 1859, but Kephart continued operating his slave pen until Union troops seized the city in the spring of 1861.
Ruins of Gallego Flour Mills, Richmond
Albumen silver prints from glass negatives
George N. Barnard (American, 1819-1902)
Ruins of Mrs. Henry's House, Battlefield of Bull Run; Bull Run, Mrs. Henry's House, 21 July 1861
[Civil War Portrait Lockets]
Tintypes and albumen silver prints in brass, glass, and shell enclosures
Brian D. Caplan Collection
[Civil War Portrait Lockets] (detail)
"More than 200 of the finest and most poignant photographs of the American Civil War have been brought together for the landmark exhibition Photography and the American Civil War, opening January 31 at New Orleans Museum of Art. Organized by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the exhibition will examine the evolving role of the camera during the nation's bloodiest war. The "War between the States" was the great test of the young Republic's commitment to its founding precepts; it was also a watershed in photographic history. The camera recorded from beginning to end the heartbreaking narrative of the epic four-year war (1861-1865) in which 750,000 lives were lost. This exhibition will explore, through photography, the full pathos of the brutal conflict that, after 150 years, still looms large in the American public's imagination.
"This extraordinary exhibition transcends geographic divisions in its intense focus on the participants in the Civil War," said Susan M. Taylor, Director of New Orleans Museum of Art. "It becomes an exploration of shared human traits: hope, resolution, stoicism, fear, and sadness. We are delighted to share this important statement about American history and identity with the people of New Orleans and the Gulf region."
Photography and the American Civil War will include: intimate studio portraits of armed Union and Confederate soldiers preparing to meet their destiny; battlefield landscapes strewn with human remains; rare multi-panel panoramas of the killing fields of Gettysburg and destruction of Richmond; diagnostic medical studies of wounded soldiers who survived the war's last bloody battles; and portraits of Abraham Lincoln as well as his assassin John Wilkes Booth. The exhibition features groundbreaking works by Mathew B. Brady, George N. Barnard, Alexander Gardner, and Timothy O'Sullivan, among many others. It also examines in-depth the important, if generally misunderstood, role played by Brady, perhaps the most famous of all wartime photographers, in conceiving the first extended photographic coverage of any war. The exhibition addresses the widely held, but inaccurate, belief that Brady produced most of the surviving Civil War images, although he actually made very few field photographs during the conflict. Instead, he commissioned and published, over his own name and imprint, negatives made by an ever-expanding team of field operators, including Gardner, O'Sullivan, and Barnard.
Approximately 1,000 photographers worked separately and in teams to produce hundreds of thousands of photographs – portraits and views – that were actively collected during the period (and over the past century and a half) by Americans of all ages and social classes. In a direct expression of the nation's changing vision of itself, the camera documented the war and also mediated it by memorializing the events of the battlefield as well as the consequent toll on the home front.
"The massive scope of this exhibition mirrors the tremendous role that photography played in describing, defining, and documenting the Civil War," said Russell Lord, Freeman Family Curator of Photography. "The technical, cultural and even discursive functions of photography during the Civil War are critically traced in this exhibition, as is the powerful human story, a story of the personal hopes and sacrifices and the deep and tragic losses on both sides of the conflict."
Press release from the New Orleans Museum of Art website
[Presidential Campaign Medals with Portraits of John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas and Edward Everett]
[President Abraham Lincoln, Major General John A. McClernand (right), and E. J. Allen (Allan Pinkerton, left), Chief of the Secret Service of the United States, at Secret Service Department, Headquarters Army of the Potomac, near Antietam, Maryland]
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Gift of The Howard Gilman Foundation, 2005
Copy Photograph © The Metropolitan Museum of Art
[President Abraham Lincoln, Major General John A. McClernand (right), and E. J. Allen (Allan Pinkerton, left), Chief of the Secret Service of the United States, at Secret Service Department, Headquarters Army of the Potomac, near Antietam, Maryland] (detail)
Maker: Unknown, American; Photography Studio: After, Brady & Co., American, active 1840s–1880s
[Mourning Corsage with Portrait of Abraham Lincoln] (detail)
Photograph, corsage
Black and white silk with tintype set inside brass button
20 x 9 cm (7 7/8 x 3 9/16 in.) Image: 2 x 2 cm (13/16 x 13/16 in.)
Purchase, Alfred Stieglitz Society Gifts, 2013
Bonaventure Cemetery, Four Miles from Savannah
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilman Collection, Purchase, Ann Tenenbaum and Thomas H. Lee Gift, 2005
Photograph © The Metropolitan Museum of Art
[Game Board with Portraits of President Abraham Lincoln and Union Generals]
[Game Board with Portraits of President Abraham Lincoln and Union Generals] (detail)
[Confederate Sergeant in Slouch Hat]
David Wynn Vaughan, Jr. Collection
Attributed to, Oliver H. Willard (American, active 1850s-70s, died 1875)
Ordnance, Private
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation Fund, through Joyce and Robert Menschel, 2010
[James A. Holeman, Company A, "Roxboro Grays," Twenty-fourth North Carolina Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia]
Captain James A. Holeman of Person County, Roxboro lost his life during the Civil War
Sojourner Truth, "I Sell the Shadow to Support the Substance"
Carte-de-visite
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Purchase, Alfred Stieglitz Society Gifts, 2013
© The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Sojourner Truth (c. 1797 – November 26, 1883) was the self-given name, from 1843 onward, of Isabella Baumfree, an African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist. Truth was born into slavery in Swartekill, Ulster County, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826. After going to court to recover her son, she became the first black woman to win such a case against a white man. Her best-known extemporaneous speech on gender inequalities, "Ain't I a Woman?", was delivered in 1851 at the Ohio Women's Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. During the Civil War, Truth helped recruit black troops for the Union Army; after the war, she tried unsuccessfully to secure land grants from the federal government for former slaves (Wikipedia)
Maker: Unknown (American; Alexander Gardner, American, Glasgow, Scotland 1821-1882 Washington, D.C.; Photography Studio: Silsbee, Case & Company, American, active Boston)
[Broadside for the Capture of John Wilkes Booth, John Surratt, and David Herold]
Ink on paper with three albumen silver prints from glass negatives
On the night of April 14, 1865, just five days after Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox, John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at the Ford Theatre in Washington, D.C. Within twenty-four hours, Secret Service director Colonel Lafayette Baker had already acquired photographs of Booth and two of his accomplices. Booth's photograph was secured by a standard police search of the actor's room at the National Hotel; a photograph of John Surratt, a suspect in the plot to kill Secretary of State William Seward, was obtained from his mother, Mary (soon to be indicted as a fellow conspirator), and David Herold's photograph was found in a search of his mother's carte-de-visite album. The three photographs were taken to Alexander Gardner's studio for immediate reproduction. This bill was issued on April 20, the first such broadside in America illustrated with photographs tipped onto the sheet.
The descriptions of the alleged conspirators combined with their photographic portraits proved invaluable to the militia. Six days after the poster was released Booth and Herold were recognized by a division of the 16th New York Cavalry. The commanding officer, Lieutenant Edward Doherty, demanded their unconditional surrender when he cornered the two men in a barn near Port Royal, Virginia. Herold complied; Booth refused. Two Secret Service detectives accompanying the cavalry, then set fire to the barn. Booth was shot as he attempted to escape; he died three hours later. After a military trial Herold was hanged on July 7 at the Old Arsenal Prison in Washington, D.C.
Surratt escaped to England via Canada, eventually settling in Rome. Two years later a former schoolmate from Maryland recognized Surratt, then a member of the Papal Guard, and he was returned to Washington to stand trial. In September 1868 the charges against him were nol-prossed after the trial ended in a hung jury. Surratt retired to Maryland, worked as a clerk, and lived until 1916.
The New Orleans Museum of Art
One Collins Diboll Circle, City Park
Tuesday through Thursday: 10 am – 6 pm
Saturday and Sunday: 11 am – 5 pm
The New Orleans Museum of Art website
Click on the image above to go to the CCP donate web page.


text:
import Source from '../src/source/Source.js';
import LineMap from '../src/source/LineMap.js';
import {
	assert,
	fail
}
from './Test.js';

let src = new Source('testcase', 'A\nBB\nCCC\n\nD\n');
let linemap = new LineMap(src);

assert(0, linemap.getLineNumber(0), 'linemap.getLine(0) === 0');
// End of line is still considered part of the line
assert(0, linemap.getLineNumber(1), 'linemap.getLine(1) === 0');
assert(1, linemap.getLineNumber(2), 'linemap.getLine(2) === 1');
assert(2, linemap.getLineNumber(5), 'linemap.getLine(5) === 2');
assert(3, linemap.getLineNumber(9), 'linemap.getLine(9) === 3');
assert(5, linemap.getLineNumber(12), 'linemap.getLine(12) === 5');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mark Seymour was the first UK photographer to be awarded a double fellowship for documentary photography ( akin to 3 michelin stars in the restaurant world ). Developing his own recognisable documentary wedding photography style with beautiful Black and White images with an emphasis on observation; capturing storytelling moments that are full of emotion, that tell the unique story of your perfect day. Mark was invited to Jimmy Choo's London store to photograph him with his beautiful couture shoes, and the portrait is now held at National Portrait Gallery archive in London. His work has been published by many magazines and had exhibitions at Windsor's Manley's Art Gallery in conjunction with Rhubarb and Custard, Tapestry in Soho, with The Hope Foundation he exhibited at the Virgin Money Lounge in London and most recently he had an exhibition to raise awareness for Alzheimer's at the oldest Knightsbridge Gallery, Andipa, which got world-wide media attention.


which is a perfect choice for developers, freelance designers and individual persons who want to design amazing sites easily. ONE FOLDS is well documented, so it will take you just a few minutes to set up and customize it.
Images used in live preview are not included in the template.


text:
LafargeHolcim announces changes to the Executive Committee
LafargeHolcim announces changes to the Executive Committee reflecting the evolution of the portfolio following recent divestments and a transition to the next phase for the Company as it closes the integration phase.
As a result of these changes, the company also announces that Alain Bourguignon and Ian Thackwray have decided to pursue new opportunities outside the group.
As of August 5, 2016, the Executive Committee, chaired by Eric Olsen, will be composed of the following members:
- Urs Bleisch, Group Head of Performance & Cost
- Pascal Casanova, Region Head North America including Mexico
- Roland Köhler, Region Head Europe & Australia/New Zealand & Trading
- Martin Kriegner, Region Head India & South East Asia
- Gérard Kuperfarb, Group Head of Growth & Innovation
- Caroline Luscombe, Group Head of Organization and Human Resources
- Oliver Osswald, Region Head Central & South America
- Saâd Sebbar, Region Head Middle East & Africa
- Ron Wirahadiraksa, Chief Financial Officer
www.lafargeholcim.com
Issue 9/2018 LAFARGEHOLCIM
LafargeHolcim appoints new Head of Region Middle East Africa
LafargeHolcim announced the appointment of Miljan Gutovic as the Head of Region Middle East Africa and Member of the Executive Committee of LafargeHolcim, effective as of July 2018. He succeeds Saâd...
Changes in Group Management
The Board of Directors of Lafarge-Holcim has decided to establish a more market-focused and agile management organization. The profit and loss responsibility of the countries will be strengthened with...
In the course of strengthening its market focused and agile management organization, LafargeHolcim promotes its Legal and HR functions to the Executive Committee. In addition, the corporate business...
LafargeHolcim acquires Kendall Group in the UK
LafargeHolcim has acquired the Kendall Group, a leading aggregates and ready-mix concrete manufacturer with net sales of around CHF 33 million in 2017 operating in the south of England. The new...
LafargeHolcim appoints new Group Head of Research & Development
LafargeHolcim has announced the appointment of Heike Faulhammer (50) as Group Head of Research & Development, effective on 01.07.2017. Heike Faulhammer joins LafargeHolcim from Arkema, one of...


As a serious cupcake fanatic, I've been on the hunt to find a good bakery that makes a mean red velvet (often my flavor of choice) in my new Astoria neighborhood. While Magnolia and Buttercup are certainly worth a MetroCard swipe and traveling a few subway stops to get to, I hoped to find a place closer to home to satisfy my oh-too-often cupcake cravings.
To my delight, I stumbled upon Martha's Country Bakery. In 1972, the original Martha's opened in Hell's Kitchen (ironically, not too far from my old apartment) and has since relocated to the Ditmars area of Astoria, with two additional locations in Forest Hills and Bayside. What I thought would be a typical bakery was so much more—at 10pm on a weeknight, this bustling bakeshop was packed with people enjoying sweet treats and cappuccinos in a host-serviced outdoor seating area. The adorable interior had a warm, inviting atmosphere and an open kitchen, gelato case, full-service coffee bar and enormous display of freshly made cakes, cupcakes, cookies, pastries, pies, tarts, breads and more.
I was tentative to try Martha's at first, since I've had my fair share of serious cupcake disappointments—luckily for me, the baked goods and cupcakes that I've polished off from Martha's have all been scrumptious and I love the atmosphere too. I finally found my new favorite bakery in Astoria!


He was proud of his daughter for doing something that no one else in the family had ever done before so he gave her an inspirational poster that has hung in her dining room for 14 years.
Soon, if Gulfport Councilmember Christine Brown's vision is realized, the newly framed and matted 43 phrases will be on display in the foyer of City Hall so everyone entering the building can be inspired.
Brown ran for council again and didn't win. She didn't give up.
Brown's carrot cake made from a secret family recipe is legendary in town as she often makes enough to give away as gifts.
In March 2013, Brown won her first council election. "Sadly, my dad passed away in November 2012," she said.
Her dad's poster spoke to her.
"We do that all the time," she said. "Gulfport is a dog-centered community.
This is why Brown decided to donate the poster her dad gave her to the city.
"I need to share it. I need the people of Gulfport to be reminded it really is a great community," she said.
At the next council meeting, Brown will ask for the consent of the other members so she can donate it to the city.


Luis> binary. From that point onwards, things just go downhill.
Luis> gdb/gdb_bfd.c:eq_bfd, with more data.
some limited set of hosts.  It's probably overkill as well.
that fail even with older versions of gdb.
avoid ETXTBSY.  I'm not sure how to solve this.
should probably disable trust-readonly-sections for it.


text:
Riverfront Businesses Bank on New Vibrancy
The News Journal | Eric Ruth
Sense of community spurs development, incoming restaurants
WILMINGTON—Sitting by the riverside one afternoon, Mike Purzycki was struck by what he saw. Along the water, people were strolling in the sunshine. At a nearby office building, workers were heading out for lunch .
It was a pleasant sight for Purzycki, who heads the state-supported company charged with redeveloping Wilmington waterfronts.
In recent months, there has been more of a sense of vibrancy, more life, than the city's Riverfront has seen.
That growing sense of community is buoying Riverfront restaurant entrepreneurs such as Craig Colby, who has signed on to open a sandwich shop on the ground floor of the new Crescent Building. Colby and other business owners feel a neighborhood atmosphere slowly coalescing, one that will continue to play a crucial part in the development of this old industrial area.
Once, the restaurants that were key to the Riverfront's success were mainly strung along the road, and their customers came mostly by car. Now, these businesses are hoping to become part of the fabric of daily life.
At Cosi, a chain based in Illinois, workers from the Crescent Building will be able to get sandwiches and salads with a gourmet touch at lunchtime. But more important to Colby, there now seems to be enough nearby residential development—enough interest—for people to visit after work, too.
"I plan to do plenty of business at night," he said. "If I didn't have the residential aspect coming, I don't think I would do it."
The mixed-use Justison Landing project is going up across the street, and high-rise condos soar nearby. The Justison project will include a 170-seat Japanese restaurant—Kooma—that is expected to open in March 2008, according to Kevin H. Grubb, residential development manager for the project.
Even as the Riverfront's residential base strengthens, there is a growing sense among suburbanites that the area now has enough attractions to make it worth a trip, said Purzycki, executive director of the Riverfront Development Corp.
The goal always has been to create a place culinary diverse enough for people to say, "Let's go to the Riverfront and decide what we're going to eat when we get down there," Purzycki said.
That goal hasn't been reached, he said, but it will. There are about 90 acres of undeveloped land on the Riverfront.
Prospects are good that a restaurant soon will be announced for the property next to Iron Hill Brewery, Purzycki said. The Crescent Building's ground floor is outfitted with generous retail spaces, though building owner Pettinaro Enterprises has not announced any additional tenants. Company officials did not return calls for comment.
As crucial as restaurants are for fueling a vibrant Riverfront, it must be the right mix of young and old, upscale and middle-market, said Xavier Teixido, owner of Harry's Seafood Grill on the river.
"You don't want the Riverfront to become Center City on the river," he said. A boat dock planned along the river will add even greater energy and potential, he and Purzycki said.
Cosi's Riverfront location will only help the other restaurants in the area, Teixido said. "I look at it this way: Diversity is always good in any market," he said.
That's especially true in a still-growing area like the Riverfront, Colby said. "There's enough to share there for everybody," he said.