Bio: Italia Ricci is a very popular Actress born on 29th October 1986 at Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. She got her higher education in her country and then started acting career in America and become the popular star of Hollywood movies.
These days she is 28 years old and very expert Actress that's why many people from all over the world love to watch her brilliant movies and acting. Italia Ricci got engaged with Robbie Amell in 2008 and she started her acting career in 2007 which is still in progress.
Italia Ricci worked in her debut movie named American Pie Present Beta House in 2007 in which she did the role of Laura Johnson. After that she again appeared in a movie in 2007 named The Death of Indie Rock and the character of Italia Ricci was Diane.
After that she gradually worked in some other movies such as Valediction, Don Jon, Dean Slater and The Remaining. She also made a successful career in Hollywood television serials and many people know her by her fantastic serials.
The first serial of Italia Ricci was Aaron Stone and second was how I met your mother and both serials were released in 2009. We can also say that 2009 is one of the brilliant years of her life because she worked in 5 serials in this year.
The present television which is going on name Chasing Life which started in the beginning of 2014 and Italia Ricci is playing the role of April Carver. Most of her fans and lovers are waiting and very keen of her upcoming movies but we haven't watched any trailer of her upcoming movies yet. We hope that soon she will appear once again in some best movies just to entertain her fans and lovers.


Welcome to GoodSteps®, where our core mission is to direct substantial, sustainable funding to organizations currently engaged in the fight to eradicate hunger. With every product we sell, there is a customer-directed donation. You buy - we fund - they do - on purpose.
There is nothing better than outfitting your bridesmaids and groomsmen with GoodSteps! Personalizing a pair of flip flops with a wedding date or initials makes for a wonderful keepsake, a heartfelt and long-lasting thank you, and of course the perfect accessory on the dance floor. As an added and incredibly impactful bonus, you are also helping feed the hungry!
Today is our second birthday! As we celebrate and reflect on how far we have come, we also want take a moment to appreciate what two years really means on the ground, in concrete numbers.


5. Write a query to find all orders attributed to a salesman in New york.
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MY BOYFRIEND RATES MY $400 WORTH OF FASHION NOVA!
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Teaching in New Zealand, I feel I'm in a strong position to talk about links, or the lack of, between teacher pay and quality education. This is because, as a country, we have been ranked as the world overall number one system, while at the same time being listed by the OECD as one of the worst spenders on teacher salary. So, does this prove there's no link? No, but it proves that providing quality education is a more complicated challenge than money alone can solve. It's at this point, I need to explain New Zealand's teaching crisis and why it forms part of a global crisis that reflects short-term planning on behalf of most governments.
Not recognising / rewarding collaboration?
Schools are self-governed and make decisions about curriculum details and pedagogical approaches, resulting in most schools having a unique personality that reflects the community they serve. There is a guiding National Curriculum of concepts and values but schools are expected to build their own flexible curriculum that serves the individuals within the local community. This is a perfect solution to the fact that no two communities or individuals are exactly alike but at the same time creates a workload that goes unrecognised as educators work within a culture of service and are often reluctant to complain or expect more remuneration.
Teacher salaries in New Zealand might be relatively low but the Ministry of Education has set in place a collaborative model where teachers expect to input and inquire into how teaching practice can improve. Even the high school assessment system is primarily written and moderated by the educators themselves. The upside of this makes for great education but the downside is that it adds workload to teachers.
Now New Zealand has a high-trust and collaborative public education model, the educators are generally highly-skilled and our teacher registration process is rigorous enough to stretch beyond simple knowledge and skills to include, for example, culturally responsive pedagogy. The trust that allows schools to be autonomous allows them to adapt and move forward to reflect the times we live in. Educators sorting their own system out is great but the downside is that there has not been much centrally-coordinated debate or awareness of the long-term challenges. That is until now, where teachers in NZ are now going on strike, as teachers are in other countries, to indicate a 40-year neglect from society in appreciating the role education has in the economy and reflecting this in the status and thus salary of teachers.
So there is no direct link between the teacher salary and what happens in the classroom, primarily because teachers work in a culture of service and do excellently in most situations. What New Zealand is now suffering is the long-term effects of this global neglect, the shrinking of the teacher population. The 40-year political and economic shift that has benefitted the capital "haves" and neglected the "have-nots" now means people can't afford to become a teacher as it doesn't pay the rent or mortgage. New Zealand has just announced it needs 400 more teachers in 2019 than it has and this target is increasing each day as young teachers give up trying to make do and the experienced retire to avoid the increasing demands from a public sector starved of practitioners. There is now a war between countries for the few remaining available teachers. New Zealand has all its recruitment agents working overtime to attract educators from overseas. A difficult task when those educators are able to easily find salary comparisons.
It is time to end the short-term political thinking and realise that 40 years of excuses to not raise salaries has caused a new crisis and possibly a recruitment world war.
Next Understanding classroom #Creativity agendas?


text:
Hockey Club Bagtyyarlyk (, , ), also known as Burgut, is a Turkmenian professional ice hockey team based in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Is the command of the State sport Committee of Turkmenistan. It was founded in 2007.

History
The team was founded in 2007 and was named "Burgut" (Eagle). The head coach of the team was Turkmen Suleiman Durdyyev. They team played at the Ice Palace in Ashgabat. Several players from the team also played for the Turkmenistan national team. In 2012, the team won USD$20,000 at the first President of Turkmenistan Cup tournament. From April 20 to May 5, 2012 by order of the President of Turkmenistan, the team went to Kazan to attend the Ak Bars Kazan youth hockey school.

Since 2013 the team has been known as "Bagtyýarlyk". They play in the Turkmenistan Hockey Championship.

References

2007 establishments in Turkmenistan
Ice hockey clubs established in 2007
Ice hockey teams in Turkmenistan
Sport in Turkmenistan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
A&E Touts Movie, Reality Lineup
An original movie starring TV veteran Ted Danson will be one of the highlights of an expanded movie slate A&E will present to ad buyers at its upfront presentation this week.
A&E Television Networks CEO Abbe Raven said the network will tell ad buyers about five movies for the upcoming season, the most it's ever had to talk about during an upfront. She said she and A&E executive VP of programming Bob DiBitetto "have been really working to ramp up development."
In addition to the movies, A&E will tell ad buyers that three new reality series have gone into production, including "Roller Girls," produced by Go Go Luckey Productions, producer of MTV's "Laguna Beach."
The reality series will join programs such as "Dog the Bounty Hunter" and "Growing Up Gotti," which have helped boost A&E's ratings while lowering the median age of its viewers. A&E said it had its best first-quarter ever in impressions among adults 18 to 34, up 61 percent from a year ago. It was also up 32 percent among viewers 18 to 49 and 20 percent among adults 25 to 54.
Ms. Raven said A&E's message to ad buyers is that "if they want to be in a place that has the strongest growth story, a network that people are flocking to and talking about and continues to be a quality network … they don't just want to be on A&E, they have to be on A&E. It is a must-buy for the new season."
Mr. Danson will star in a movie tentatively titled "Young Knights," based on the story of an English teacher in the South Bronx who changed his students' lives by introducing them to the game of chess. The film is being produced by Fox Television Studios. The executive producer is Diane Nabatoff and the co-producer is Perri Peltz. Delia Fine is the executive producer for A&E and David Madden and Lisa Demberg supervise for FTvS.
A&E last season had success casting another TV veteran, Tom Selleck, in its movie "Ike: Countdown to D-Day." "We think we will have the same success with Mr. Danson," Ms. Raven said.
With five movies already on the slate, the channel will have movies available throughout the year, Ms. Raven said. "We feel original drama is a critical part of our strategy" and sets the stage for the development of dramatic series.
"By the end of this year, early next year, we'll be positioned to add that to the lineup," she said.
The reality shows in production for A&E are "Inked," about the colorful characters in a Las Vegas tattoo parlor; "Criss Angel Mindfreak," a show from Angel Productions and The Firm about the illusionist who performs stunts in the street, and ""Roller Girls."
"Roller Girls" is "very fast, very dramatic, very cinematic," Ms. Raven said. "It's really an amazing look at these women who have their day jobs and at night are competitors. It's another example of our team here really having their finger on the pulse of popular culture."
While A&E's reality shows have proved to be ratings winners, observers have questioned whether the shows are cheapening the high-quality image the network built over the years.
Ms. Raven maintained that A&E's reality series, including "Growing Up Gotti" and "Roller Girls," fit the spirit of "Biography," the series that helped establish the network.
"It's telling stores about people and the human condition. And we've taken that into the 2005 world. It's a contemporary version. It's contemporary storytelling," she said.
What the series have in common is "they're not contrived. They're focused on characters, and they have compelling stories to tell."
A&E has also shelled out big bucks for off-network shows. "24" and "CSI Miami" hit the air in 2005-06, and "The Sopranos," bought for a record $2.5 million per episode, will be on in 2006-07.
"Buyers are excited about these shows because they're in our demo," Ms. Raven said, adding that if they're looking forward to "The Sopranos," they should buy this season to establish a base.
"We're positioning ourselves for being in the top 10 networks in our demographics," she said. "They should start talking to us now because we're positioning ourselves for the future."
Viacom Details Compensation for Redstone, Freston, Moonves
Liberty Announces Top Execs to Retire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Frederick Bayani Mabalot is an American composer and choral conductor from Los Angeles, California. He is a Doctor of Musical Arts candidate at the University of Washington School of Music in Seattle. At UW School of Music, Frederick has taught the ensemble Glee, and is currently a teaching assistant for UW's Chamber Singers. He is a graduate of The Royal Danish Academy of Music, Sydney Conservatorium of Music, and California State University, Northridge.
Frederick completed graduate studies in composition at The Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen where he studied with internationally renowned Danish composers Hans Abrahamsen, Niels Rosing-Schow, and Jeppe Just Christensen. While at The Royal Danish Academy, he also studied classical voice with Helene Gjerris and Jan Lund, and conducting with Danish conductor Jørgen Fuglebaek.
He completed initial composition studies at The Sydney Conservatorium of Music in Australia where he graduated with First Class Honours. At Sydney Conservatorium, Frederick studied composition with Dr. Michael Smetanin, Dr. Matthew Hindson, and Dr. Paul Stanhope. During his time at Sydney Conservatorium of Music, Frederick also studied voice with soprano Anke Höppner, and was mentored in choral conducting by Dr. Neil McEwan who also became an important advocate of his choral music. He assisted Dr. McEwan as choir manager and conductor for both the Conservatorium Chamber Choir and Large Choir, and was guest conductor for Christ Church Saint Laurence Church Choir Sydney in McEwan's absence.
Frederick holds a Bachelor of Music Degree in Vocal Performance from California State University in Northridge. He studied voice with Dr. David Scott, and trained in classical piano with Charles Fierro and Dr. Jeanine Jacobson. While at California State University, Frederick studied choral conducting with Dr. Paul Smith and orchestral conducting with Professor Gary Pratt.


text:
Q: Issues with layout in R Markdown I'm taking over a project from another more experienced user of Rmd, the code ran for her but now that I'm trying, the following code is throwing this error:
#Output the plot using plotly
a<- plotly::ggplotly(cstr_volume_graph) %>%
  layout(legend = list( #this layout bit is to change position of legend, although it's not working properly - *DEV_NOTE
  orientation = "h"
)) %>%
  layout(annotations = list(x = 0 , y = 1.05, text = paste0("CSTR Volumes for Site: ",params$site_name), showarrow = F,
xref='paper', yref='paper')) #Title of the chart

Error in order(data[["x"]]) : argument 1 is not a vector

This is the code that follows for context:
b<-plotly::ggplotly(context_volume_graph) %>%
  layout(legend = list(
  orientation = "h"
)) %>%
  layout(annotations = list(x = 0.7 , y = 1.05, text = paste0("Short Custodial Sentences for Site:",params$site_name), showarrow = F,
xref='paper', yref='paper'))

subplot(a,b)

I've installed all of the relevant packages and tried using theme(legend.position= x) but nothing is seeming to work, it still throws the same error. More to the issue I'm not actually sure what the code she has written is intended to do!
This is the output for dput(cstr_volume_graph):
structure(list(data = structure(list(month_yr = structure(numeric(0), class = "yearmon"),
    cstr_type = character(0), volumes = integer(0)), class = c("tbl_df",
"tbl", "data.frame"), row.names = integer(0)), layers = list(
    <environment>), scales = <environment>, mapping = structure(list(
    x = ~month_yr, y = ~volumes, colour = ~cstr_type), class = "uneval"),
    theme = structure(list(line = structure(list(colour = "black",
        size = 0.5, linetype = 1, lineend = "butt", arrow = FALSE,
        inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_line", "element"
    )), rect = structure(list(fill = "white", colour = "black",
        size = 0.5, linetype = 1, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_rect",
    "element")), text = structure(list(family = "", face = "plain",
        colour = "black", size = 11, hjust = 0.5, vjust = 0.5,
        angle = 0, lineheight = 0.9, margin = structure(c(0,
        0, 0, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin", "simpleUnit",
        "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = FALSE, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
    "element")), title = NULL, aspect.ratio = NULL, axis.title = NULL,
        axis.title.x = structure(list(family = NULL, face = NULL,
            colour = NULL, size = NULL, hjust = NULL, vjust = 1,
            angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL, margin = structure(c(2.75,
            0, 0, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin", "simpleUnit",
            "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.title.x.top = structure(list(family = NULL,
            face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL, hjust = NULL,
            vjust = 0, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL, margin = structure(c(0,
            0, 2.75, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin", "simpleUnit",
            "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.title.x.bottom = NULL, axis.title.y = structure(list(
            family = NULL, face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL,
            hjust = NULL, vjust = 1, angle = 90, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = structure(c(0, 2.75, 0, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin",
            "simpleUnit", "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.title.y.left = NULL, axis.title.y.right = structure(list(
            family = NULL, face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL,
            hjust = NULL, vjust = 0, angle = -90, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = structure(c(0, 0, 0, 2.75), unit = 8L, class = c("margin",
            "simpleUnit", "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.text = structure(list(family = NULL,
            face = NULL, colour = "grey30", size = structure(0.8, class = "rel"),
            hjust = NULL, vjust = NULL, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = NULL, debug = NULL, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.text.x = structure(list(family = NULL,
            face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL, hjust = NULL,
            vjust = 1, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL, margin = structure(c(2.2,
            0, 0, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin", "simpleUnit",
            "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.text.x.top = structure(list(family = NULL,
            face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL, hjust = NULL,
            vjust = 0, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL, margin = structure(c(0,
            0, 2.2, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin", "simpleUnit",
            "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.text.x.bottom = NULL, axis.text.y = structure(list(
            family = NULL, face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL,
            hjust = 1, vjust = NULL, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = structure(c(0, 2.2, 0, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin",
            "simpleUnit", "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.text.y.left = NULL, axis.text.y.right = structure(list(
            family = NULL, face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL,
            hjust = 0, vjust = NULL, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = structure(c(0, 0, 0, 2.2), unit = 8L, class = c("margin",
            "simpleUnit", "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), axis.ticks = structure(list(colour = "grey20",
            size = NULL, linetype = NULL, lineend = NULL, arrow = FALSE,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_line",
        "element")), axis.ticks.x = NULL, axis.ticks.x.top = NULL,
        axis.ticks.x.bottom = NULL, axis.ticks.y = NULL, axis.ticks.y.left = NULL,
        axis.ticks.y.right = NULL, axis.ticks.length = structure(2.75, unit = 8L, class = c("simpleUnit",
        "unit", "unit_v2")), axis.ticks.length.x = NULL, axis.ticks.length.x.top = NULL,
        axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = NULL, axis.ticks.length.y = NULL,
        axis.ticks.length.y.left = NULL, axis.ticks.length.y.right = NULL,
        axis.line = structure(list(colour = "black", size = structure(1, class = "rel"),
            linetype = NULL, lineend = NULL, arrow = FALSE, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_line",
        "element")), axis.line.x = NULL, axis.line.x.top = NULL,
        axis.line.x.bottom = NULL, axis.line.y = NULL, axis.line.y.left = NULL,
        axis.line.y.right = NULL, legend.background = structure(list(
            fill = NULL, colour = NA, size = NULL, linetype = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_rect",
        "element")), legend.margin = structure(c(5.5, 5.5, 5.5,
        5.5), unit = 8L, class = c("margin", "simpleUnit", "unit",
        "unit_v2")), legend.spacing = structure(11, unit = 8L, class = c("simpleUnit",
        "unit", "unit_v2")), legend.spacing.x = NULL, legend.spacing.y = NULL,
        legend.key = structure(list(), class = c("element_blank",
        "element")), legend.key.size = structure(1.2, unit = 3L, class = c("simpleUnit",
        "unit", "unit_v2")), legend.key.height = NULL, legend.key.width = NULL,
        legend.text = structure(list(family = NULL, face = NULL,
            colour = NULL, size = structure(0.8, class = "rel"),
            hjust = NULL, vjust = NULL, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = NULL, debug = NULL, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), legend.text.align = NULL, legend.title = structure(list(
            family = NULL, face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL,
            hjust = 0, vjust = NULL, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = NULL, debug = NULL, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), legend.title.align = NULL, legend.position = "right",
        legend.direction = NULL, legend.justification = "center",
        legend.box = NULL, legend.box.just = NULL, legend.box.margin = structure(c(0,
        0, 0, 0), unit = 1L, class = c("margin", "simpleUnit",
        "unit", "unit_v2")), legend.box.background = structure(list(), class = c("element_blank",
        "element")), legend.box.spacing = structure(11, unit = 8L, class = c("simpleUnit",
        "unit", "unit_v2")), panel.background = structure(list(
            fill = "white", colour = NA, size = NULL, linetype = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_rect",
        "element")), panel.border = structure(list(), class = c("element_blank",
        "element")), panel.spacing = structure(5.5, unit = 8L, class = c("simpleUnit",
        "unit", "unit_v2")), panel.spacing.x = NULL, panel.spacing.y = NULL,
        panel.grid = structure(list(colour = "grey92", size = NULL,
            linetype = NULL, lineend = NULL, arrow = FALSE, inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_line",
        "element")), panel.grid.major = structure(list(), class = c("element_blank",
        "element")), panel.grid.minor = structure(list(), class = c("element_blank",
        "element")), panel.grid.major.x = NULL, panel.grid.major.y = NULL,
        panel.grid.minor.x = NULL, panel.grid.minor.y = NULL,
        panel.ontop = FALSE, plot.background = structure(list(
            fill = NULL, colour = "white", size = NULL, linetype = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_rect",
        "element")), plot.title = structure(list(family = NULL,
            face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = structure(1.2, class = "rel"),
            hjust = 0, vjust = 1, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = structure(c(0, 0, 5.5, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin",
            "simpleUnit", "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), plot.title.position = "panel", plot.subtitle = structure(list(
            family = NULL, face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = NULL,
            hjust = 0, vjust = 1, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = structure(c(0, 0, 5.5, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin",
            "simpleUnit", "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL,
            inherit.blank = TRUE), class = c("element_text",
        "element")), plot.caption = structure(list(family = NULL,
            face = NULL, colour = NULL, size = structure(0.8, class = "rel"),
            hjust = 1, vjust = 1, angle = NULL, lineheight = NULL,
            margin = structure(c(5.5, 0, 0, 0), unit = 8L, class = c("margin",
            "simpleUnit", "unit", "unit_v2")), debug = NULL,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Awesome place to eat, great food and great workers! Definitely the place to get great food and service!
From Business: Stop into the KFC in Gas City, IN for an Original Recipe, Extra Crispy, or Kentucky Grilled Chicken meal today.
I can't tell how the food was because I never got served after my driving partner placed her order the cashier just walked away and didn't come back to take my order.
Awesome subway they always have the best employees so nice and helpful!
Great consistent food and service every time! If you do have a complaint they take what your saying serious and never let it happen again! Definitely a great place to eat and even greater service!
Oh my! Never get orders correct for one and if you don't check your bag and get home and it's wrong it's a process because they do not believe their customers at all, when all, they have to do is ask for receipt #. And the person handing out your food never has a smile or kind word except for HERE ! Just rude and snotty employees at most not all but most of them! This place needs a better set up and better crew of people who like to work and make money!!!
Ok food! Awful drivers! They fly down my residential road and risk so many lives for a sandwich or tip?! I would not risk my life or the lives of children to get food somewhere that quick! It's ridiculous!!! Drivers slow down before you make front page chronicle or kill some innocent child please!
This Subway is under poor management and serves food that has gone under proper holding temperatures causing food poisoning, have heard this from numerous other people as well! And I will NEVER eat there again!
Their all the same full of lettuce skimpy on the meat and other toppings. If u want a real Mexican meal go to a real Mexican restaurant. Where you'll get what u pay for.


You're invited to Meet the Easter Bunny at The Marketplace Bakersfield on Saturday, April 13th from 9am to 2pm!
Enter to win a $25 Vons gift card when you register for free and check-in via Eventbrite (click the ticket link). One lucky winner will be randomly selected.


text:
Psychology, especially social psychology, has been interested in defining how we are, our feelings, and how we develop our self-concept as an element that differentiates one person from another or, contrarily, identifies them with their reference groups.
Feelings for our reference groups and how these groups influence our behavior, beliefs, and perceptions, that is, on our social identity, shape our self-concept.
Self-concept is a crucial element in understanding how people are and their behavior.
Identity and self-concept
Identity is a personal construction developed by integrating identifications and non-identifications with other people and our reference groups. It is also a social construction generated through the internal assimilation of roles and the reflection of the evaluations from others (Western & Heim, 2003). In this way, identity is understood as building specific knowledge (Gaviria, Cuadrado & López, 2009).
Different theories have addressed self-concept and identity. Some authors consider them synonyms. Nevertheless, others consider identity more restrictive than self-concept, so self-concept encompasses several identities, while identity would not include various self-concepts.
Identity, as a construct, has been divided into different categories. Thus, in the last quarter of the 20th century, two kinds of identities were identified, which in turn gave rise to two types of self-concepts: personal identity, proposed by Tajfel y Turner (1979), and social identity, a concept that gave rise to the social identity theory.
Although from different origins and core aspects since 1980, both theories have been related in several works and researches that share an interest in social identity.
Starting from a double concept of social identity, in the '90s, a movement switched toward a triple concept with Brewer and Gardner (1996). They proposed a more general vision of self-concept that contemplates individual, relational, and collective self-concept.
Self-categorization theory (Turner, 1985)
This theory argues that people categorize themselves, considering only their personal identity, when they perceive themselves differently from the rest of humans.
This need for self-categorization likes universal, but different studies have demonstrated that there are nuances in whether an individual comes from a collectivist or individualist culture (Markus & Kitayama, 1991; Páez et al., 2004; Singelis, 1994).
Social identity theory (Tajfel, 1972)
This theory has approached three basic concepts: social categorization, social identity, and social comparison.
Individuals build their social identity through categorization by which subjects perceive themselves as belonging or not to different categories.
Social identity would be understood as a part of individual self-concept, derived from the knowledge of belonging to a group or social groups and the emotional and evaluative meaning of belonging (Tajfel, 1981).
That knowledge of belonging and the evaluative meaning are reached through the third construct mentioned, through social comparison processes between the in-group and the out-group.
Identity fusion (Swann et al., 2009)
In the identity fusion study, it is proposed a form of union between personal and social identity. That implies a functional equivalence between them. Fusion entails a feeling of individual-group unity that distinguishes fused individuals from the individuals identified merely with the group.
Four principles distinguish fusion from identification with a group (Gómez et al., 2013). In the fusion, it is observed:
A strong feeling of personal agency is observed in behaviors and control of their behavior in favor of the group.
Identity synergy: personal and social identity are combined synergistically to motivate behavior in favor of the group.
The relationship loops: other members in the group are valued, not only for their belonging to the group but for their personal features.
Irrevocability: when the fusion with the group is produced, the member stays fused.
In certain contexts, the connection between individual and group is so remarkable that the border between the self and the others is turned diffuse. Group is considered an externalization of the individual. When this fusion is observed, the individual can equate group well-being to their own well-being, perceiving that the group's goals and priorities coincide with their own.
Gaviria E, Cuadrado L y López M. "Introducción a la psicología social". Sanz y Torres (2009).
Gómez A, Morales J F, Hart S, Vázquez A y Swann JR. "Reacciones a ser rechazado socialmente: ¿luchar o no hacer nada? La fusión de la identidad como moderador de las respuestas al ostracismo". Ciencia Cognitiva, 7:1, 5-8 (2013).
Huici C, Molero F, Gómez A, Morales JF, Falomir JM, Gaviria E, Gómez C. "Psicología de los grupos". UNED (2012).
Markus H, y Kitayama S. "Culture and self: implications for cognition emotion and motivation". Psychological Review, 98,224-253 (1991).
Páez D, Zubieta E, Mayordomo S, Jiménez A y Ruiz S. "Identidad, Autoconcepto, Autoestima, Autoeficacia y Locus de Control". En Páez D, Fernández I, Ubillos S y Zubieta E. (coord.). Psicología Social, Cultura y Educación. Madrid: Pearson Prentice Hall (2004).
Singelis, T M. "The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580-591 (1994).
Swann W .B, Gómez A, Seyle C D, Morales J F y Huici C. "Identity fusion: The interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 995–1011 (2009).
Tajfel H. "La categorization social". En S. Moscovici (ed.) Introduction à la psychologie sociale(pp. 272-302). Paris: Larousse. (1972).
Turner JC y Brown R. "Social status, cognitive alternatives, and intergroup relations". In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Differentiation between social groups (pp. 201-234). London: Academic Press (1978).
Turner JC, Hogg MA, Oakes PJ, Reicher S D y Wetherell MS. "Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory". New York, NY: Basil Blackwell(1987).
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text:
Q: Unable to integrate Cypress with testmanagement tool Is there any way to integrate Cypress test cases with any test management tools (Like Testlink, testrail, or qtest)?
I want to perform automation testing and try to report the results to test management tools like Testlink, testrail, or qtest. Is there any way to do that?

A: You've mentioned you are unable to integrate Cypress with a test management tool - have you tried already?
An NPM module, cypress-testrail-reporter, is available for TestRail - there may be more modules available.
Usage is pretty straightforward. You first define the connection details in your cypress.json:
"reporter": "cypress-testrail-reporter",
"reporterOptions": {
  "domain": "<your_testrail_server_url>",
  "username": "<username_associated_with_api_key>",
  "password": "<use_an_api_key_here>",
  "projectId": <project_id_as_int>,
  "suiteId": <suite_id_as_int>,
}

Then you need to annotate your test cases with the Case ID from the TestRail test case. The ID can either be added to the start, or the end of the Cypress test title.
This lets the plugin know where to submit the results after each test is executed.
it("C1234 Puts the lotion on its skin", ...
it("Or else it gets the hose again C5678", ...

A: Finally, after some exhaustive tryings, I finally figure out that cypress and testrail can integrate. @testworks's answer works fine but you have to run the test using the terminal, not test runner. to run the test, use the following command.
.\node_modules.bin\cypress run "your spec.js" --browser = browser name. With this command, you can run the specs as well as you can see your test using browser.

A: You could also try the Cypress integration for Testmo. It allows you to submit Cypress test automation results without any custom code and without mapping or creating any test cases manually. It uses Cypress XML result files to submit results.


text:
Louis Lowie Stuer (24 november 1995) is een Belgisch volleybaler.

Levensloop
Stuer is afkomstig uit Beveren-Waas. Hij liep school aan de topsportschool te Vilvoorde en studeerde vervolgens podotherapie aan de Arteveldehogeschool te Gent.

Hij begon zijn volleybalcarrière bij VC Melvoc en BMV en was daarnaast ook actief bij voetbalclub Bosdam Beveren. Op zijn 17e belandde Stuer bij Volleyteam Roeselare. Vervolgens kwam hij uit voor Topvolley Antwerpen, Volley Gent, Volley Menen en het Franse Arago de Sète. Voor het seizoen 2020-'21 keerde Stuer terug naar Volley Menen.

Met Volleyteam Roeselare speelde hij landskampioen en won hij de Supercup in het seizoen 2013-'14. Daarnaast werd hij verschillende malen geselecteerd voor de Red Dragons, het Belgisch nationaal volleybalteam, waarvoor hij debuteerde in een oefenwedstrijd tegen Finland in augustus 2014. Tijdens het Europees kampioenschap van 2017 te Polen werd Stuer verkozen tot beste libero van het tornooi.

Zijn zus (o.a AVO Melsele), en zijn vriendin Valérie Audore (o.a. Forza Oudenaarde) zijn/waren ook actief in het volleybal.

Belgisch volleyballer


Make the royal ball at the Castle with Prince Charming a night to remember for Cinderella!
Prince Charming has invited Cinderella to a romantic royal ball! Play with Lucifer the naughty cat and with Bruno the frisky dog. Explore all the different rooms at the Castle and find the key that unlocks the treasure chest with all the jewels. Romance is in the air as Cinderella and Prince Charming enjoy their first turn around the dance floor and a cozy moment in front of the fireplace. Just make sure Cinderella leaves the Castle before the big clock strikes 12 and the magical spell wears off. And remember to leave behind her famous glass slipper on the stairs outside so the Prince can find her again! Includes 2 mini-doll figures: Cinderella and Prince Charming mini-doll figures, plus Lucifer the cat and Bruno the dog.


text:
Finance & economicsMar 10th 2001 edition
A sapling's sound roots
Tumbling share prices and tales of sharp practice have not been helpful to Germany's young "equity culture". Yet Germans' interest in the stockmarket is likely not merely to survive but to grow
A MAN can take only so much. This year Boris Becker has suffered a messy divorce and a messy paternity suit. Why ask for more trouble? A few months ago, the tennis star was thinking of floating his sports-marketing agencies, BBM and BBI, on the stock exchange this summer. Not now. "At the moment," he said this week, "it would be suicide to bring a firm to the market."
You can see his point. Last spring, Germany was share-crazy. Gone was the image of a nation dourly stuffing its spare cash into a safe-as-houses, low-interest Sparbuch savings account. Money poured into initial public offerings. The boom in tech stocks carried Frankfurt's Neuer Markt, Europe's biggest growth-stock market, to giddy heights. Germans were opening share-dealing accounts—online, naturally—at a furious rate. Entrepreneurs symbolising the Zeitgeist were celebrated in a surging business press.
In the past year, however, one icon after another of Germany's enthusiasm for equities has taken a beating. The Neuer Markt has fallen even further than its big cousin, America's Nasdaq, having dropped by 80% from its peak a year ago (see chart). A good dozen firms in the Nemax 50 index are worth less than a tenth of their peak values. In large part, this reflects the loss of faith everywhere in tech stocks. But jiggery-pokery in the market has not helped. Some companies stretched the truth, or snapped it, in their sales and profit forecasts. Some share dealings by company insiders look suspicious.
Granted, the Neuer Markt is only one bit of the wider stockmarket. Even at its lunatic height, its entire market capitalisation was just one-quarter that of the 30 companies in the blue-chip Dax index. But the Dax has not shone either, losing more than 20% since last March.
Meanwhile, the collapse in the share price of one blue-chip, Deutsche Telekom (DT), has a special resonance. When the state first sold a stake in the telecoms giant to the public in 1996, the shares were touted as Volksaktien—people's shares. This exercise in popular capitalism created more new shareholders than any other single event. Yet DT's shares have sagged like telecom stocks everywhere. At around euro28 ($26.10), they are 70% below their peak; only last June another helping of DT shares was floated at euro66.50. The German government, still DT's biggest shareholder, and fellow board members have had to defend Ron Sommer, the chief executive, against calls for his head. Even the chancellor, Gerhard Schröder, has weighed in as a tipster, praising the shares' sound underlying value.
Disasters like these, you might imagine, would be enough to kill Germans' interest in stocks and shares. A strengthening economy would help—but there is no sign yet of relief on that front. Growth in output slowed in the second half of 2000, and economists are trimming their forecasts for GDP this year. In February, unemployment rose a bit more (though the rate was unchanged at 9.3% of the workforce). There is a hint that the gloom might indeed be hurting share ownership. Thanks to a drop in the number of employee-shareholders, the number of Germans owning shares directly fell slightly, to less than 6.2m, in the second half of last year, according to the Deutsches Aktieninstitut (DAI), which promotes share ownership.
Despite everything, interest in equities is alive and kicking. A growing number of Germans are entrusting at least some of their wealth to the stockmarket, if not directly, then through mutual funds (unit trusts). Investors in mutual funds grew by three-quarters of a million in the second half of 2000. One way or another, one in five Germans now owns shares. That is a much smaller proportion than in America, Britain or some other continental European countries. But the figure has doubled since 1997.
In the first couple of months of this year, fund managers say, money has continued to flow into mutual funds. Not at the same pace as a year ago, says Steffen Selbach of DGZ-DekaBank, the fund-management arm of Germany's savings banks, but faster than the average for the past few years.
How so? One reason, says Mr Selbach, is that people really do believe that equities provide better returns in the long run than savings accounts. Investors are planning to leave money in for several years, rather than hoping to make a killing in a few months. Most have also twigged that they will sleep more soundly by putting their money in a diversified fund. "People are calm, very calm," says Mr Selbach. "The investor in Germany has grown up. Finally."
This equity culture is in fact older than the usual headlines suggest, and has had time to put down roots. At about 4m, the number of direct shareholders was fairly constant between 1992 and 1997, yet the trend towards investment in funds was well under way. The value of equity funds trebled between 1991 and 1995, and more than doubled again by 1997, the year the Neuer Markt was born.
Steady investment in equities is getting another push from the government's plans to reform the pension system. The idea is to cut the value of the state pension, relative to earnings, and to encourage private provision. Leander Hollweg of Tecis, a financial-advice firm serving "the normal, average household", says that Germans have realised they will have to save for retirement, rather than rely on the state. Although the details of the reform are not yet clear—for instance, which schemes will qualify for tax breaks—people are already putting money aside for the long run.
Even so, shareholders' champions think that regulators could do more to strengthen confidence in share ownership. A new rule obliges directors of Neuer Markt companies to disclose their share dealings within three working days. The proposed penalties are not tough enough, says Rüdiger von Rosen of the DAI: miscreants should surrender any profits they make. Klaus Schneider, chairman of the Association for the Protection of Small Shareholders, a pressure group, wants disclosure in advance.
Similarly, as Germans invest more in equity funds, their pensions will depend on how closely fund managers watch the way companies are run. DWS and Union Investment, two big fund-management firms, make a point of turning up to shareholders' meetings, criticising and praising bosses as they think fit. Other fund-management companies, says Mr Schneider, are not active enough.
The spreading equity culture has an air of permanence that hard statistics cannot convey. There is softer evidence in German living rooms. Since last autumn a live, four-minute bulletin on the Tops und Flops of the day, that runs just before the evening news, has become a fixture on national public television. The style is chatty and quick—something like a sports report. Just the place, one day soon, for more news about Mr Becker's business empire.
This article appeared in the Finance & economics section of the print edition under the headline "A sapling's sound roots"
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Battle of the blockchains
The race to dominate the DeFi ecosystem is on
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Atom and abroad
The Kazakh crisis is only one threat hanging over the uranium market
Life after stimmy
Will Americans' pandemic savings stash keep the economy rolling?
Lockdowns and crackdowns are taking their toll
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As private savings have built up in East and South-East Asia, the region's financiers now wield heft in far-flung asset markets
A global crunch in nuclear fuel is no longer impossible
The "stimmy" boost may linger even as policymakers wind down support


So I'm back from Portland and suffering from the vacation blues.
I know it was only 4 days but it was nice to get away from life for a little bit and explore a new city. I was asked a few times over why I was going to Portland or why I chose that particular city in general and the answer was no particular reason at all! I was told in the past that it was a really fun city to explore and since it's so close to Calgary, I thought why not? It was beyond fun and I'm excited to share some photos of all our adventures on the blog soon!
I wore this particular outfit on our last day which happened to be the 4th of July. I wanted to be a little festive and this Club Monaco top fit the bill! It was also my first time rocking my new Liya jeans. I debated forever if I should invest in the pair and decided to do it! I'm glad I went through with it as I haven't stopped wearing them since. Cost per wear my friends!
Oh and ps. These photos were taken at our hotel in Portland! Hotel Modera! I highly recommend it, it was such a beautiful and central location.


text:
The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Posted by Sarah Gehrke MSN, RN | Oct 12, 2017 | Conceiving, The Basics, The Male Factor | 0 |
The principal role of the reproductive system in both males and females is to assure the continuation of the human species. Other systems in the body, such as the endocrine and urinary systems, work continuously to sustain a balance in the body for the survival of the individual. People may live a healthy, long, and happy life without producing offspring, but if the species is to remain, at least some people must have children.
In the case of conceiving children, the reproductive system has four primary functions:
Production of egg and sperm cells
Transport and sustain the egg and sperm cells
Nurture the developing offspring
Production of hormones
The primary reproductive organs, or gonads, consist of the ovaries and testes. These organs provide the egg, sperm, and hormones. The hormones aid in the regulation of the physiology, maturation, and the management of the reproductive system. Both the male and the female reproductive systems must work together to for reproduction to occur.
The male reproductive system, like that of the female, consists of organs whose purpose is to achieve reproduction. This system consists of:
A system of excretory ducts,
Seminal vesicles
The prostate
The bulbourethral glands
The penis
The male gonads, also known as testes or testicles, begin to develop in the abdominal cavity, up near the kidneys. During the eight weeks just before birth, or shortly after birth, the testes descend into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. The scrotum is a pouch that is below the abdomen and posterior to the penis. Although this location of the testes may seem to make them vulnerable to injury, it provides a temperature about 3° C/37.4° F below the average body temperature. This lower temperature is essential for the production of viable sperm, spermatogenesis. In addition, the gonads are responsible for male hormone production.
The scrotum consists of skin, which is the outer layer, and subcutaneous tissue, the layer under the skin. A vertical septum, or wall, of subcutaneous tissue divides the scrotum into two parts—each part contains one testicle. Smooth muscle fibers, called the dartos muscle, within the scrotum contract to give the scrotum its wrinkled appearance. When the muscle fibers are relaxed, the scrotum's appearance is smooth. Another muscle, the cremaster muscle, consists of skeletal muscle fibers—this controls the location of the scrotum and testes. When a man is cold or sexually aroused the muscles contract to pull the testes closer to the body for warmth.
Excretory Duct System
Sperm cells move through a series of ducts to reach the outside of the body. After the sperm cells leave the gonads, the sperm pass through the:
epididymis,
ductus deferens,
ejaculatory duct, and
the urethra.
Sperm exists the testes through efferent ducts that enter each of the epididymides. The epididymides are tubes about 6 meters long that tightly coil to form a comma-shaped organ—they are located along the upper back margins of the testes. When the sperm leaves the testes, they are immature, inadequate, and not able to fertilize an ova. They complete their maturation process as they move through the epididymis. Mature sperm, capable of fertilization, are stored in the lower part, or tail, of the epididymis.
Ductus Deferens
The vas deferens, also known as the ductus deferens, is a tube that shares a common border with the epididymis. It begins at the bottom, or tail, of the epididymis, then curves upward along the back margin of the testes. The ductus deferens travels through the abdominopelvic cavity where it crosses over the posterior portion of the bladder, and then it descends along the back wall of the bladder toward the prostate gland.
Before each ductus deferens reaches the prostate gland, they enlarge to form an ampulla, or reservoir. Sperm is then stored in the proximal portion of the ductus deferens, closest to the center of the body, near the epididymis. Peristaltic movements, which is an involuntary contraction and relaxation of the ductus deferens, propel the sperm through the tube.
Ejaculatory Duct
At the ampulla, each ductus deferens joins the duct from one of the accessory glands, the adjacent seminal vesicle, to form a short ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory ducts pass through the prostate gland and empty into the urethra.
The urethra extends from the urinary bladder to the external opening at the tip of the penis, known as the urethral orifice. It is a passageway for fluids and sperm from the urinary system and the reproductive system. Sphincters contract tightly to keep urine from entering the urethra while reproductive fluids are passing through the urethra.
The two seminal vesicles are posterior to the urinary bladder—each gland has a small duct that connects with the ductus deferens at the ampulla to form an ejaculatory duct, which then empties into the urethra. The fluid from the glands is thick and contains fructose, which is a source of energy for the sperm; prostaglandins, which aid to the movement and viability of the sperm; and proteins that cause a slight coagulation reaction, changing the liquid to a semi-solid state, in the semen after ejaculation.
The prostate gland is a dense structure about the size of a walnut that is located just behind the urinary bladder and encircles the urethra as it leaves the urinary bladder. Secretions of the prostate enhance the motility of the sperm. The secretions are alkaline, thin, and milky in color.
The paired Cowper's glands, known as the bulbourethral glands, are about the size of a pea—located near the base of the penis. During sexual stimulation, the bulbourethral glands secrete a mucus-like fluid. This alkaline fluid neutralizes the acidic urine residue in the urethra, provides some lubrication for the tip of the penis, and helps to neutralize the acidity of the vagina.
Seminal fluid, or semen, is slightly alkaline. It is made up of approximately 60 % of fluid from the seminal vesicles and the remainder coming from the prostate gland. Only a small volume is from the bulbourethral gland.
In a single ejaculation, the amount of sperm varies from 1.5 to 6.0 mL—containing between 20 to 150 million sperm per mL. Although only one sperm will penetrate and fertilize the ovum, or egg, it takes several million sperm in one ejaculation for the fertilization to take place. Fertility issues arise when sperm counts are below 10 to 20 million.
The penis, a copulatory organ, is a round pendant organ located in front of the scrotum—its function is to transfer sperm to the vagina during sexual intercourse. The penis has three columns of erectile tissue: two dorsal columns, on the top side of the penis, called the corpora cavernosa and a single ventral column that surrounds the urethra on the bottom side of the penis called the corpus spongiosum. The columns are encircled with connective tissue and covered with skin.
Male Reproductive Hormones
The male sexual response includes erection, orgasm, and the ejaculation of semen. After an orgasm, there is a period during which the male cannot achieve another erection—this time period is variable.
Three principle regulators of the male reproductive system are the:
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), stimulates spermatogenesis;
luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulates the production of testosterone; and
testosterone, stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics and spermatogenesis.
The female reproductive system's role is to produce female sex hormones, sustain egg cells, or ova, transport ova for fertilization by the sperm, provide a viable environment for a developing fetus, and move the fetus to the outside world after the development period.
The female reproductive system includes the:
Fallopian tubes
External genitalia
The two ovaries, or female gonads, are the primary female reproductive organs. Each ovary has a dense, ovoid structure about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries are protected in the ovarian fossa, which are shallow depressions on each side of the uterus near the side walls of the pelvic cavity—they are held in place by peritoneal ligaments.
A layer of epithelium covers the ovaries called the germinal epithelium. Underneath this outer layer of cells is the tunica albuginea, which is a capsule of connective tissue—this is divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
The outer cortex has many ovarian follicles that assist in various stages of development. Each of the follicles has an oocyte, a female germ cell that is an immature egg. A germ cell contains half the number of chromosomes (23 chromosomes) that is needed to create offspring. The two germ cells that complete one another are the egg and the sperm for a total of 46 chromosomes.
The inner medulla is connective tissue with ample blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve fibers.
Gametes, or female sex cells, develop in the ovaries by oogenesis, which is called meiosis. Oogenesis is similar to spermatogenesis.
Primitive germ cells in early in fetal development differentiate into oogonia (46 chromosomes)—these divide to form thousands of cells, still called oogonia.
After a growth phase, the oogonia become primary oocytes (46 chromosomes) that then replicate their DNA and begin the first meiotic division, meiosis I—this process is suspended in this state until puberty.
Beginning at puberty, under the influence of FSH, several primary oocytes start to grow each month.
One of the primary oocytes outgrows the others, and it resumes meiosis I to become a secondary oocyte (23 chromosomes). The other cells degenerate. An in-depth description is found here.
The two ovaries together contain about 700,000 oocytes at birth—this is a lifetime supply, and no more will develop. This differs from the male in which spermatogenesis continues to be produced throughout the reproductive life. By puberty, the amount of primary oocytes has further declined to about 400,000.
The fallopian tubes are very fine tubes that eggs travel to get from the ovaries to the uterus during ovulation. The mature egg is released from the ovary, pushed through the fallopian tube, and is made available to be fertilized by sperm.
Approximately every month, or about every 21 to 45 days, an egg will mature within one of the ovaries. As it reaches full development, the egg is released by the ovary where it enters into the fallopian tube to make its way to the uterus to wait for sperm.
The lining of the uterus has prepared for a fertilized egg by thickening. If no conception occurs, the uterine lining is sloughed off. The shedding of the uterine wall and the unfertilized egg is known as menstruation.
The uterus is a muscular organ that the fertilized oocyte travels to from the ovary through the fallopian tube—it provides a suitable environment for the developing fetus. Before the first pregnancy, the uterus is about the size and shape of a pear, with the narrow portion directed inferiorly. After childbirth, the uterus is usually bigger, then reverts to a smaller size after menopause.
The uterus is lined with endometrium, which is a glandular mucous membrane. The stratum functionalis of the endometrium is what sloughs off during menstruation. The deeper stratum basale is a foundation for rebuilding the stratum functionalis.
The vagina, a fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body—located between the rectum and the urinary bladder. The cervix projects into the vagina at almost a right angle. The vagina serves as a passageway for menstrual flow, receives the erect penis during intercourse, and is the birth canal during childbirth.
The accessory structures of the female reproductive system are external to the vagina. The external genitalia is also referred to as the vulva. The vulva includes the:
mons pubis,
labia majora,
labia minora,
clitoris, and
vestibule glands.
Similar to the penis, the clitoris is an erectile organ that responds to sexual stimulation. Posterior to the clitoris, the urethra, vagina, paraurethral glands, and greater vestibular glands open into the vestibule.
Female Reproductive Hormones
The female sexual response involves arousal and orgasm. Unlike the male sexual response, there is no ejaculation. An egg is capable of fertilization without the female having an orgasm.
The following hormones have major roles in the female reproductive system:
Follicle-stimulating hormone
When a female's ovaries and uterus are mature enough to respond to hormonal stimulation, such as in puberty, certain stimuli cause the hypothalamus, the master switchboard of the endocrine system, to start producing and secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This hormone travels to the anterior pituitary gland, the master gland, where it stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Both hormones, in turn, affect the ovaries and uterus and create the female monthly cycle. Monthly reproductive cycles last from menarche, the start of a woman's menstruation, to menopause.
The ovarian and the uterine cycle take place simultaneously.
The monthly ovarian cycle:
begins with the follicular phase—follicle development;
continues with the ovulatory phase; and
concludes with the luteal phase.
The monthly uterine cycle:
starts with the menstrual phase;
continues with the proliferative phase—repair of the endometrium; and
ends with the secretory phase—growth of glands and blood vessels.
Menopause occurs when the reproductive cycles cease. This period is characterized by reduced levels of ovarian hormones and elevated follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. The alteration in hormone levels is responsible for the symptoms women have during menopause.
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Sarah Gehrke MSN, RN
As a registered nurse, I strive to find the meaning behind optimal wellness through evidence-based research—without discounting the placebo effect. Reading about the evolution of the nervous system in relation to activity, stress, emotion, and circulation is oddly soothing to me. Consequently, the central theme of my study is about the interrelationship between mind, body, and movement; in other words, cognitive and emotional states affecting bodily experiences, and vice versa. Urgent and life-threatening medical emergencies can trigger an adrenaline, fight or flight, response. ACLS training, as well as Basic Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support, ensures that health professionals prepare for these unexpected situations. Continual review of patient scenarios allows for the delivery of calm, safe, and quality care when stressful events arise. For more than 10 years I've been teaching and practicing a step-by-step approach to phlebotomy and intravenous (IV) therapy using physical, psychological, and emotional support as a complement to implementing IV therapy safely and accurately. I emphasize compliance with applicable federal, state, and facility regulations and standards; document control, error management, and review of regulatory standards are a crucial aspect of ensuring the safety of the community.
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