Using the accumulation of a significant number and selection of substances in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) comes the necessity on occasion to examine and enhance their representation. annotate fresh depositions made up of peptide-like inhibitors and antibiotics accurately and regularly. ? 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 659C668, 2014. solid course="kwd-title" Keywords: peptide-like inhibitor, peptide-like antibiotic, Proteins Data Lender INTRODUCTION The Proteins Data Lender (PDB) may be the solitary global archive of three-dimensional (3D) structural data of natural macromolecules and their complexes. It really is managed from the Worldwide PDB (wwPDB; http://wwpdb.org;1 a collaborative organization with four partnersthe Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB PDB; http://rcsb.org), the PDB in European countries (PDBe; http://pdbe.org), the PDB Japan (PDBj; http://pdbj.org), as well as the Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Lender (BMRB; http://bmrb.wisc.edu). The companions become deposition, digesting, and distribution centers for PDB data. They collaborate on developing annotation methods and recommendations, data representation versions and types, and use community specialists to define data quality and validation requirements.2 Occasionally, the wwPDB undertakes large-scale remediation efforts to really improve the info representation, regularity, integrity, and usability from the Tetrandrine (Fanchinine) manufacture archive. For example, recent archive-wide remediation tasks3,4 possess centered on (we) enhancing the chemical explanation from the monomer models from the natural polymers and little molecule ligands in the PDB, (ii) standardizing the atom nomenclature to comply with IUPAC suggestions, (iii) updating series and taxonomy data source references, (iv) enhancing Tetrandrine (Fanchinine) manufacture the representation of infections, and (v) verifying main citation assignments. Even though PDB is mainly a repository for experimentally decided structures of protein and nucleic acids, a multitude of additional biologically relevant substances are archived in it, including metals, inorganic ions, cofactors, ligands, substrates, inhibitors, antibiotics, and different drugs. Although some from the inhibitor Rabbit Polyclonal to NXF3 and antibiotic substances derive from organic sources, others have already been designed for particular reasons. In the PDB, nearly all these varied biologically interesting substances are located in complicated with proteins or nucleic acidity polymers, dropping light around the features of the prospective substances. The constructions of a few Tetrandrine (Fanchinine) manufacture of these substances have been analyzed within their isolated type too, for instance, antibiotics such as for example thiostrepton5 and vancomycin.6 The structure and biosynthesis of the molecules involve an abundance of interesting chemistry, both in the molecules themselves and within their interactions with focus on macromolecules. Peptide-like substances, many of that are pharmaceutically relevant antibiotics or inhibitors of important enzymes in metabolic pathways, type a significant subset from the biologically relevant little substances in the PDB. Before, these substances happened infrequently in Tetrandrine (Fanchinine) manufacture PDB entries and had been annotated on the case-by-case basis, occasionally leading to inconsistent representations. Provided their importance as well as the increasing quantity of framework depositions including peptide-like inhibitors and antibiotics, a remediation task was completed. The target was to help make the representation and annotation of peptide-like inhibitors and antibiotics constant over the PDB archive in order to help their recognition, retrieval, assessment and evaluation. One important end result of this function is a fresh reference dictionary which has additional annotations because of this course of biologically essential substances. Outcomes Remediation The first rung on the ladder in Tetrandrine (Fanchinine) manufacture remediation was the recognition from the peptide-like inhibitor and antibiotic substances in the PDB archive. This is challenging as a number of the peptide-like substances had been represented as huge solitary components, while some had been displayed as polymers or as a couple of residues with explicit linkages between them. Oftentimes, the set of linkages between your residues was imperfect or wrong and occasionally the same molecule was displayed in different methods in various entries. Over one thousand PDB entries had been discovered to contain peptide-like inhibitors and antibiotics (150 PDB entries with 60 different peptide-like antibiotics and 850 PDB entries with 310 peptide-like inhibitors). A few of these peptide-like inhibitors and antibiotics are altered, ribosomally synthesized gene items, such as for example thiostrepton (PDB access 1e9w).5 Others are items of nonribosomal enzymatic synthesis, such as for example vancomycin (PDB entry 1sho).6 Finally, a few of these substances had been specifically designed and synthesized in vitro, like the protease inhibitor d-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-arginine chloromethyl ketone or PPACK for brief (PDB entry 1a0h).7 The representation from the peptide-like molecules was examined and, where required, modified to.
The introduction of the B-lymphoid cell lineage is tightly controlled from the concerted action of the network of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. called ZNF423 and ZNF521 have already been characterised as potent inhibitors of EBF1 and so are emerging as possibly relevant contributors towards the advancement of B-cell leukaemias. Right here we will briefly review the existing understanding of these elements and discuss the need for their functional mix talk to EBF1 in the introduction of B-cell malignancies. 1. Intro The standards and advancement of the varied bloodstream cell lineages from haematopoietic stem cells have already been extensively investigated in the past few years, leading to considerable advances inside our knowledge of the rules of haematopoiesis. Specifically, B-lymphopoiesis continues to be characterised in great fine detail because of the recognition of an abundance of molecular and hereditary markers which have allowed for the accurate description of the average person stages of advancement of the mature B-cell phenotype [1C3]. The B-lymphoid dedication of multipotent haematopoietic progenitors, aswell as their intensifying lineage restriction, that's, the stepwise acquisition of B-lymphoid features as well as the parallel lack of choice developmental potential, is certainly tightly controlled with the concerted actions of a complicated network of transcriptional and/or epigenetic regulators [2, 4C17]. Among these, early B-cell aspect 1 (EBF1) is undoubtedly a get good at determinant from the standards, advancement, and maintenance of the B-lymphoid lineage . EBF1 (also termed Olf-1 or COE1, for Collier/Olf-1/EBF1) PF-03394197 IC50 may be the founding person in a family group of four DNA-binding protein implicated in the control of the cell destiny choice in multiple tissue [19C24]. In vertebrates, the EBF1 proteins is certainly characterised by an N-terminal atypical zinc finger theme that is known as zinc knuckle , in charge of its DNA-binding activity  and necessary for the transcriptional activation of focus on genes , and by an atypical helix-loop-helix (HLH) area, formulated with duplication of the next helix theme, which mediates dimerisation. Between these domains can be an IPT (IG-plexin transcription aspect) area, whose function is certainly uncertain. On the carboxyl-terminal end, EBF1 presents a putative transactivation area that is generally dispensable because of its transcriptional activity . The appearance ofEBF1in the haematopoietic program is restricted towards the B-lymphoid lineage and it is detectable from the initial lymphoid progenitors to older B-cells and it is subjected to Rabbit Polyclonal to BORG2 complicated control. Transcription of theEBF1gene, managed by two distinctive promoters [28, 29], is set up in the B-cell biased subset of common lymphoid progenitors with the transcription elements E2A, FOX01, and STAT5 (turned on subsequently by IL-7R signalling). In afterwards levels of B-cell differentiation, the amounts ofEBF1appearance are maintained and additional enhanced, with a positive reviews PF-03394197 IC50 loop which involves EBF1 itself and the merchandise of its focus on gene, PAX5 [29, 30]. The suffered appearance ofEBF1is essential in every levels of B-lymphopoiesis [31C33].Ebf1gene knockout leads to complete insufficient B-lymphoid advancement, accompanied by lack of B-cell-specific gene appearance . Conversely, its enforced appearance in primitive haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells restricts their differentiation potential towards the B-cell lineage . These results are achieved both via the transcriptional activation, induced by EBF1 by itself or in conjunction with various other elements, of several genes essential for B-cell advancement (including those encoding EBF1 itself, PAX5, and the different parts of the pre-B-cell PF-03394197 IC50 receptor such as for example IGLL1, VPREB, Compact disc79A, and Compact disc79B) and through the repression of genes whose items promote the introduction of various other haematopoietic cell lineages . The last mentioned mechanism is vital not merely for lineage limitation, also for protecting B-lymphoid identification, as indicated by many lines of proof: conditional knockout ofEbf1in dedicated B-cell progenitors outcomes in their transformation to non-B-lineages ; haploinsufficiency ofEbf1by itself, or ofEbf1andRunx1Ebf1andPax5induces T-lineage transformation of Compact disc19+ pro-B-cells . In immature B-cells, EBF1 highly inhibits the appearance ofB-limp1Pax5gene . Furthermore to its function being a transcriptional activator or repressor, EBF1 possesses properties of the epigenetic regulator and provides been proven to start chromatin remodelling on the promoter of focus on genes thus modulating its option of transcriptional effectors [39C42]. Utilizing a mix of CHIP-seq analyses and of gain- and loss-of-function gene profiling research, Treiber et al.  show that EBF1 can induce chromatin remodelling in a couple of focus on loci that poise these genes for appearance at later levels of differentiation. In light of its central function in the network of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators that promote the era.
GDF8, or myostatin, is an associate from the TGF- superfamily of secreted polypeptide growth elements. which become transcription elements to modify transcription in collaboration with transcriptional co-activators or co-repressors (13). In parallel to Smad protein, TGF- superfamily receptors start various other signaling pathways that usually do not straight involve Smads, such as for example extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-associated kinase (p38-MAPK), or Akt pathways, to elicit transcriptional or non-transcriptional replies (14, 15). Pursuing secretion and activation, GDF8 binds to its type II receptor, either activin type II receptor A or B (ActRIIA or ActRIIB), before a sort I receptor, activin-receptor like kinase 4 (ALK4), or -5 (ALK5), is normally recruited right into a heteromeric signaling complicated (16, 17) and subsequently phosphorylates mainly the TGF- Smads, Smad2 and Smad3. Both type I and type II receptors feature an SU14813 manufacture extracellular, N-terminal ligand binding domains with an average three-finger toxin collapse (18,C21), an individual transmembrane domains, and a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domains (22, 23). Inhibitors of TGF- superfamily signaling have already been developed generally by concentrating on the kinase activity of the sort I receptors by ATP-competitive little molecule inhibitors (24, 25). Because of the structural homology of the receptors, there is certainly significant cross-reactivity inside the family members but also with various other kinases, which prompts a far more detailed characterization from the inhibitors accessible aswell an intensified seek out more specific substances (26). Although originally identified as Substance C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated proteins kinase, dorsomorphin was afterwards recognized because of its potential to induce dorsalization in zebrafish embryos also to inhibit BMP Smad- and non-Smad signaling by concentrating on the BMP type I receptors ALK1, -2, -3, and -6 (27, 28). The dorsomorphin derivative LDN-193189 stocks with dorsomorphin the central pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine moiety and was reported to focus on the BMP type I receptors with an increase of strength and specificity (29, 30). Right here, we survey that dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 actions, even inside the TGF- family members, are not limited to type I receptors but prolong also to SU14813 manufacture the sort II receptors ActRIIA and ActRIIB. We survey the co-crystal framework of dorsomorphin destined to the receptor ActRIIA. By concentrating on the sort II and type I receptors for GDF8, dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 inhibited antimyogenic GDF8 signaling and had been efficient promotors of useful myogenesis in C2C12 cells and principal individual skeletal myoblasts. EXPERIMENTAL Techniques Maintenance of Cell Lines C2C12 cells had been extracted from ATCC and preserved in Dulbecco's improved Eagle's moderate (DMEM; Biochrom) supplemented with 10% FCS, 2 mm l-glutamine, and 100 systems/ml penicillin/streptomycin. Individual primary myoblasts had been kindly supplied by Prof. S. Spuler (Charit-ECRC, Berlin), which have been obtained from healthful donors by muscles biopsies with authorization of the neighborhood ethics fee (EA 1/203/08) as defined previously (31). Cells had been preserved in skeletal muscles cell growth moderate (PromoCell) supplemented with SupplementMix C-39365 (PromoCell), 20% FCS, 2 mm l-glutamine, and gentamycin. Proteins Appearance The kinase domains of individual ActRIIA (residues 191C488) and ActRIIB (residues 190C487) SU14813 manufacture had been cloned in to the vector pFB-LIC-Bse. Baculoviral appearance was performed in Sf9 insect cells at 27 C, shaking at 110 rpm. Cells had been gathered at 48 h postinfection and resuspended in 50 mm HEPES, pH 7.5, 500 mm NaCl, 5 mm imidazole, 5% glycerol, supplemented with protease inhibitor established V (Calbiochem). Cells had been lysed either utilizing a C5 ruthless homogenizer (Emulsiflex) or by sonication (Sonics Vibra Cell) on glaciers. Insoluble materials was excluded by centrifugation at 21,000 rpm. Nucleic acids had been removed either utilizing a DEAE-cellulose column or with the addition of 0.15% polyethyleneimine, pH 7.5, before centrifugation. Protein had been purified using an N-terminal hexahistidine label by nickel affinity chromatography. The proteins had been eluted using 250 mm imidazole within a buffer composed of 50 mm HEPES, 300 mm NaCl, 0.5 mm SU14813 manufacture tris-(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine. The eluted proteins was cleaved with cigarette etch trojan protease and additional purified by 4E-BP1 size exclusion chromatography utilizing a S200 HiLoad 16/60 Superdex column. Your final cleanup stage was performed if required using invert purification on the Ni-Sepharose column. The buffer was altered to 50 mm HEPES, pH 7.5, 300.
Nilotinib is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, made to specifically inhibit break-point cluster area (BCR)-Abelson (ABL) and developed to take care of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in sufferers showing a level of resistance to imatinib. inhibition sensitized both CML progenitors and stem cells to nilotinib, recommending that, downstream PI3K, two different kinase pathways are turned on in CML progenitor and stem cell populations. research, we demonstrated the fact that apoptosis induced by nilotinib concentrations near to the BCR-ABL IC50 (20?nM) was reduced following SCF addition.9 SB939 The paradigm of CML cell reliance on BCR-ABL activity is questioned by these benefits: CML cells have the ability to endure after BCR-ABL inhibition if another survival pathway is activated. Furthermore to our function, other groups have got reported that oncogenic obsession (BCR-ABL dependence) could possibly be modified by exterior factors like the microenvironment.10 gene.15 Within this study, we investigated the success pathway activated by SCF, resulting in a reduction in nilotinib-induced apoptosis. The deposition from the pro-apoptotic proteins BIM, as well as the reduction in the antiapoptotic proteins BCL-xL, usually connected with TKI-induced apoptosis in CML cells,16, 17 weren't customized after SCF addition. We noticed the constitutive activation of c-KIT in BCR-ABL-expressing cell lines that was inhibited SB939 by nilotinib and restored by SCF. Parallel variants were noticed for the mTOR kinase activity. Its function SB939 on SCF-activated pathway was verified through the use of RAD-001 (Everolimus), a mTORC1 inhibitor that restores nilotinib awareness on CML cell lines and hematopoietic progenitors (Compact disc34+/Compact disc38+). mTOR inhibition demonstrated no influence on CML stem cells (Compact disc34+/Compact disc38?). Nevertheless, PI3K inhibition restored CML cell range awareness to nilotinib in the current presence of SCF, which beneficial impact was also seen in both progenitors and stem cells (Compact disc34+/Compact disc38?). Outcomes SCF inhibits nilotinib-induced apoptosis separately of BCL-2 family members protein We previously confirmed that SCF could inhibit nilotinib-induced apoptosis on BCR-ABL-expressing cells when nilotinib was utilized at concentrations concentrating on the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase but was struggling to inhibit the c-KIT tyrosine kinase.9 These benefits were verified on Body 1a, where apoptosis induced in SB939 24?h by 20?nM nilotinib was reduced by at least 50% in two BCR-ABL-positive cell lines and refreshing Compact disc34+cells from CML patient's bone tissue marrows. Furthermore, the nilotinib-induced BIM deposition and BCL-xL downregulation weren't modified with the addition of SCF, whereas the cleavage of caspase 3, particular of apoptosis, was partially inhibited (Body 1b). Likewise, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) phosphorylation, in charge of BIM degradation, had not been totally restored in the current presence of SCF, detailing the sustained deposition of BIM (Body 1c). Hence, although TKI-induced imbalance between your BCL-2 family protein was essential for apoptosis,16 it had been not enough for the conclusion of the cell death, recommending the inhibition of various other antiapoptotic signals turned on by BCR-ABL. Open up in another window Body 1 SCF inhibits nilotinib-induced apoptosis separately of BCL-2 family members protein. (a) Apoptosis was assessed by movement cytometry using DiOC6(3) being a probe for K562 and LAMA-84 cell lines and FITC-annexin V for CML bone tissue marrow Compact disc34+ cells. Cells had been incubated for 24?h in the existence or lack of 100?ng/ml SCF and 20?nM nilotinib. Drug-induced apoptosis was computed as referred to in Components LIT and Strategies and corrected for spontaneous apoptosis. Email address details are portrayed as mean +/? S.D. of three tests for the cell lines and seven tests for the CML Compact disc34+ cells. (b and c) K562 and LAMA-84 cells had been treated with 20?nM nilotinib in the existence or lack of SCF, as well as the expression of BIM, BCL-xL and cleaved caspase 3 SB939 (b) or phospho-ERK1/2 and ERK (c) were analyzed by traditional western blot. Anti-tubulin antibody was utilized to verify the launching homogeneity. The physique displays one representative test of three performed SCF keeps the activation from the mTOR pathway without repairing the global tyrosine phosphorylation condition We first analyzed the result of SCF addition on tyrosine phosphorylation. As demonstrated in numbers 2a and b,.
Colorectal cancers (CRC) is a hereditary disease, because of progressive accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. resulted in rapid resistance. We've devised a technique whereby multiple malignancy pathways could be concurrently targeted for medication finding. For proof-of-concept, we targeted the oncogenic KRAS, and HIF pathways, since oncogenic KRAS offers been proven to be needed for malignancy initiation and development, and HIF-1 and HIF-2 are induced by nearly all mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in CRC. We've generated isogenic cell lines faulty in either oncogenic KRAS or both HIF-1 and HIF-2, and subjected these to multiplex genomic, siRNA, and high-throughput little molecule screening. We've identified potential medication targets and substances for preclinical and medical development. Testing of our sea natural product collection resulted in the rediscovery from the microtubule agent dolastatin 10 as well as the course I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor largazole to inhibit oncogenic KRAS and HIF pathways. Largazole was additional validated as an anti-angiogenic agent inside a HIF-dependent way in human being cells and in vivo in zebrafish utilizing a hereditary model with triggered HIF. Our general technique, coupling practical genomics with medication susceptibility or chemical-genetic connection screens, allows the recognition of potential medication targets and applicants with essential selectivity. Substances prioritized this way can easily become validated in appropriate zebrafish models because of the hereditary tractability of the machine. Our multidimensional system with mobile and organismal parts can be prolonged to larger size multiplex screens including additional mutations ASP3026 IC50 and pathways. Oncogenic RAS mutations including HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS are located in around 30% ASP3026 IC50 of most human being tumors, with KRAS becoming the most common1,2. KRAS mutations are most common in pancreatic (72C90%), thyroid (55%), colorectal (32C57%), and lung malignancies (15C50%). Activating KRAS mutations are essential for tumor initiation and development, and cause major level of resistance to therapy focusing on EGFR. Signaling downstream of oncogenic KRAS converts on genes that promote cell proliferation, obstruct cell loss of life, and induce angiogenesis and metabolic version. The hypoxia-inducible elements-1 and -2 (HIF-1 and HIF-2) are transcription elements that are overexpressed in tumor and often associated with cancer development3. HIF-1 and HIF-2 overexpression is definitely powered by intratumoral hypoxia and hereditary mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes3, and their focus on genes very important to tumor angiogenesis, cell development and success, and metastasis. MAPK and mTOR/AKT signaling downstream of RAS offers been proven to result in the transcriptional activation of HIF-1 by HIF-1 phosphorylation and induction of HIF-1 manifestation, respectively4. To judge the partnership between oncogenic KRAS, HIF-1, and HIF-2, we generated isogenic cell lines from HCT116 human being colorectal cell lines, comprising both a wildtype (WT) KRAS allele and an oncogenic KRAS allele. Using cells faulty in either the oncogenic KRAS allele or in both HIF-1 and HIF-2, we lately reported that HIF-1 and HIF-2 interact to ASP3026 IC50 modify metabolic genes personal overlapping with this of oncogenic KRAS5. We've performed a worldwide evaluation of gene manifestation controlled by oncogenic KRAS, HIF-1, HIF-2, and both HIF-1 and HIF-2 collectively. These cell lines had been used in multiplex high-throughput displays with (i) an Rabbit Polyclonal to TUBGCP6 siRNA collection focusing on the druggable genome (7,784 focuses on) and (ii) little molecule libraries to recognize hits that display toxicity just in cells that communicate the oncogenic KRAS or HIF transcription elements. Using Ingenuity Pathway Evaluation (IPA), we examined how canonical tumor pathways are affected. We discovered druggable focuses on, canonical pathways targeted by little molecules, including natural basic products which might inhibit tumor cells with KRAS mutation and HIF activation. One prioritized sea natural item was validated and subjected to a hereditary zebrafish model program, giving an aspect to our screening process platform. Outcomes Comparative Gene Appearance Profiling of Isogenic HIF and KRAS Knockout Cells To determine whether HIF-1 and HIF-2 focus on genes may also be downstream goals of oncogenic KRAS, we performed global gene appearance analyses on Parental HCT116, HCT116cells. The ASP3026 IC50 parental HCT116 cell series includes an oncogenic KRAS allele and a wildtype KRAS allele. HCT116has oncogenic KRAS gene, as well as the wild-type KRAS gene knocked out; whereas HCT116has wild-type KRAS gene, and with oncogenic KRAS knocked out4,5. Utilizing a cut-off of ASP3026 IC50 3.0-fold difference in gene expression between parental HCT116 versus the knockout cell lines, we discovered that global gene expression suffering from oncogenic KRAS showed significant overlap with genes suffering from both HIF-1 and HIF-2.
After traumatic damage of the mind or spinal-cord, many surviving neurons are disconnected, and recovery of function is bound by poor axon regeneration. might are likely involved. mouse cerebral cortex axon regeneration tests revealed that brief hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated suppression of PARP1 marketed axonal regeneration, whereas suppression of various other PARP isoforms either got no impact or reduced regeneration. As a result, we analyzed recovery from neurological injury in mice missing PARP1. No boost of axonal regeneration was seen in evaluation reveals no sign that scientific PARP inhibitors will independently provide advantage for recovery from CNS injury. might enhance neurological recovery. One research discovered that PARP activity was necessary for inhibitory elements such as for example Nogo and MAG to Binimetinib limit axon outgrowth in cultured neurons (Brochier et al., 2015). Further, PARP itself was discovered to become upregulated by CNS damage, suggesting it could function in axon regeneration (Brochier et al., 2015). Another study discovered that deletion or inhibition of PARPs do in fact improve axon regeneration, both for the nematode as well as for mammalian cerebral cortical civilizations (Byrne et al., 2016). That research also discovered that the total amount between PARPs and their counteracting enzymes, poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, can be regulated with the conserved axon regeneration aspect DLK (Byrne et al., 2016). Hence, multiple lines of proof indicate PARP being a potential focus on for enhancing mammalian CNS regeneration. Rabbit polyclonal to MMP1 Let's assume that PARP inhibition can Binimetinib support axonal regeneration, the pre-existence of pharmacologic equipment to inhibit this enzyme course may provide an instant transition to scientific tests and deployment. Right here, we sought to check this potential. We utilized an orally obtainable PARP inhibitor, veliparib, which goals many PARPs, including PARP1 (Wahlberg et al., 2012). It really is being examined in stage 3 studies for breasts, lung, and ovarian malignancies. We noticed inhibition of PAR amounts in the retina by medication however, not improvement in axon regeneration or recovery from optic nerve or spinal-cord damage. Further investigation demonstrated that among the PARP gene family members, PARP1 suppression yielded the best regeneration in vitro. As a result, hereditary deletion of PARP1 gene was analyzed in the same damage models, but once again, no advantage was noticed. These data neglect to reveal preclinical proof for the usage of PARP inhibitors in recovery from CNS injury. Materials and Strategies Pets C57BL/6 mice (10C12 weeks old, Jackson Laboratory kitty. #JAX:000664 RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664), 129S-shRNA (NMID: "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text message":"NM_007415″,"term_id":"1343071472″,"term_text message":"NM_007415″NM_007415, clone Identification: TRCN0000071208, TRCN0000071209, TRCN0000071210, TRCN0000071211, TRCN0000071212; Sigma-Aldrich), shRNA (NMID: "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text message":"NM_009632″,"term_id":"1371543373″,"term_text message":"NM_009632″NM_009632, clone Identification: TRCN0000071213, TRCN0000071214, TRCN0000071215, TRCN0000071216, TRCN0000071217; Sigma-Aldrich), shRNA (NMID: "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text message":"NM_145619″,"term_id":"902967392″,"term_text message":"NM_145619″NM_145619, clone Identification: TRCN0000093894, TRCN0000093895, TRCN0000093896, TRCN0000093897, TRCN0000093898; Sigma-Aldrich), shRNA (NMID: "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text message":"NM_030253″,"term_id":"357394927″,"term_text message":"NM_030253″NM_030253, clone Identification: TRCN0000174399, TRCN0000174697, TRCN0000173214, TRCN0000176202, TRCN0000175373; Sigma-Aldrich), shRNA (NMID: "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text message":"NM_172893″,"term_id":"171543896″,"term_text message":"NM_172893″NM_172893, clone Identification: TRCN0000174741, TRCN0000174854, TRCN0000175447, TRCN0000175542, TRCN0000175901; Sigma-Aldrich), or shRNA (NMID: "type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":"text message":"NM_177460″,"term_id":"158711724″,"term_text message":"NM_177460″NM_177460, clone Identification: TRCN0000200923, TRCN0000190330, TRCN0000201597, TRCN0000190801; Sigma-Aldrich) had been added to major cortical neurons. On DIV8, 96-well civilizations were scraped utilizing a floating pin device with FP1-WP pins (V&P Scientific) and permitted to regenerate for another 72 h before repairing with 4% paraformaldehyde PFA). Regenerating axons in the scrape area had been visualized using an antibody against III tubulin (1:2000, mouse monoclonal; kitty. #G712A; Promega). Development cones had been visualized by staining for F-actin using rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin (1:2000, kitty. #R415; Invitrogen). Cell denseness was visualized Binimetinib using nuclear marker 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; 0.1 g/mL, kitty. #4083; Cell Signaling Technology). Pictures were taken on the 10 objective within an computerized high-throughput imager (ImageXpress Micro XLS, Molecular Products) under similar conditions. Regeneration area identification, picture thresholding, and quantitation Binimetinib had been performed using an computerized Matlab script. Veliparib treatment and immunoblotting For the veliparib treatment research, Binimetinib C57BL/6 mice with or without optic nerve crush damage had been treated once daily i.p. with veliparib (10 mg/kg/d, kitty. #A3002; ApexBio Technology) or the same level of regular saline as automobile for 5 d starting on your day of damage. Retina had been dissected and sonicated in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer and centrifuged at 20,000 for 30 min. The pellet and lysate had been solved by SDS-PAGE, used in nitrocellulose membranes, immunoblotted with anti-poly (ADP-ribose) (1:1000, kitty. #4335-MC-100, RRID: Abdominal_2572318, Trevigen), antiC-actin (1:3000, kitty. #8457, RRID: Abdominal_10950489, Cell Signaling Technology), and antiC-tubulin (1:2000, kitty. #sc-55529, Abdominal_2210962, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) main antibodies. After main antibody incubation, supplementary antibodies (Odyssey IRDye 680 or 800) had been requested 1 h at space temperature. Membranes had been then cleaned and visualized utilizing a Licor Odyssey Infrared imaging program. For mutant mice research, 129S-Parp1tm1Zqw/J and 129S1/SvImJ mice retinas had been analyzed from the same technique as explained above. Change transcription PCR and quantitative.
Purpose Anticancer drug advancement is inefficient, but genetically engineered murine versions (GEMM) and orthotopic, syngeneic transplants (OST) of malignancy may offer benefits to and xenograft systems. was extremely dynamic in these distinct breasts cancer versions, showing equivalent or greater effectiveness compared with some other routine tested in research of more than 700 tumor-bearing mice. This routine actually exhibited activity in lapatinib-resistant HER2+ tumors. Summary These results display the usage of credentialed murine versions for large-scale effectiveness testing of varied anticancer regimens and forecast that mixtures of PI3K/mTOR and MEK inhibitors will display antitumor activity in an array of human being malignancies. Introduction The typical anticancer drug advancement pipeline mainly depends on and xenograft assays to determine effectiveness of applicant antitumor agents. This technique is usually suboptimal as evidenced by the high attrition prices of would-be malignancy therapeutics, actually in the period of rationally targeted therapies (1C4).Specifically, failure in the phase II and phase III stages of human being testing is common, caused by too little antitumor efficacy in human beings. Current drug advancement practices expose individuals to inadequate and toxic brokers, distract medical trialists from your advancement of effective therapies, and pressure the pharmaceutical market to subsidize the inordinate costs of late-stage failures. Therefore, the preclinical evaluation of effectiveness could very well be the main present problem for the introduction of book anticancer therapeutics. Genetically designed mouse versions (GEMMs) may present some advantages over traditional systems for this function (2, 5C7). Specifically, a few organizations have showed particular good examples where GEMMs have already been in a position to recapitulate medical trial outcomes of select brokers or have expected medical outcomes before human being testing continues to be completed.In another of the initial comparisons, GEMMs predicted having less efficacy of PPAR- inhibitors in cancer of the colon (8, 9) whereas xenograft choices predicted the contrary result (10). Furthermore, although xenograft versions Deflazacort manufacture do not forecast the impact of K-RAS mutations on response to EGFR-directed treatments and chemotherapy (11), latest analysis evaluating the restorative response in mutant GEMMs offers found these versions faithfully recapitulate the known medical outcomes observed in individuals (12). Despite Deflazacort manufacture these encouraging series, there's not been a thorough assessment of Jewel versions versus traditional preclinical efficiency tests. The GEMM strategy until recently continues to be hampered by a number of factors associated with experimental logistics, intellectual home, and other non-scientific concerns (protected in ref. 2). As these impediments to GEMM tests have been generally resolved, we yet others have considered the large-scale tests of book and traditional therapeutics in credentialed and faithful murine types of individual malignancies. We believe RAS-driven tumors (e.g., melanoma, carcinomas of digestive tract, pancreas, and lung) represent a specific scientific want. As mutations of take place in 15% to 30% of most individual cancers (discover Compilation of Somatic Mutations in Tumor, ref. 13), RAS activation represents the main "undrugged" tumor-driver in tumor biology. Furthermore, mutation is connected with undesirable outcomes in a number of tumor types, and targeted methods for mutant RAS lack. For instance, in melanoma, although mutations of are more prevalent (43%), mutations of will also be frequent in human being disease (19%, 2%, and 1%, ref. Deflazacort manufacture 14), and RAS-mutant tumors show a worsened prognosis weighed against RAF-mutant disease (15). Therefore, we in the beginning elected to spotlight codon 12 mutant transgene integrated around the Y-chromosome coupled with germline inactivation, and it is faithful towards the human being tumor genetics: RAS activation exists in 20% of human being melanoma, and it is seen in 60% to 90% of melanoma. By crossing transgenic mouse style of basal-like breasts cancer (19) as well as the mouse model (20). The transgenic mouse Rabbit polyclonal to PDGF C style of basal-like breasts cancer (19) consists of a recombinant gene expressing the simian computer virus 40 early area transforming series (SV40 huge T antigen), which includes been proven to inactivate both p53 and RB (21C23). The mouse style of HER2+ breasts malignancy (20) expresses.
Using main cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGC) we examined the role of calcium transients induced by tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in triggering oxidative pressure and cytotoxicity. these results were only partly low in the 25?M TBBPA treatment. Totally free radical scavengers avoided TBBPA-induced advancement of oxidative tension and improved CGC viability with no any influence on the increases in Ca2+ and drop in ?m. The co-administration of scavengers with NMDA and ryanodine receptor antagonists offered almost total neuroprotection. These outcomes indicate that Ca2+ imbalance and oxidative tension both mediate severe toxicity of TBBPA in CGC. At 10?M TBBPA Ca2+ imbalance is an initial event, inducing oxidative tension, depolarization of mitochondria and cytotoxicity, whilst at a focus of 25?M TBBPA yet another Ca2+-independent part of oxidative tension and cytotoxicity emerges. Electronic supplementary materials The online edition of this content (doi:10.1007/s11064-016-2075-x) contains supplementary materials, which is open to certified users. and continued a 12:12?h dark-light cycle, in room temperature having a regular humidity of around 60?%. Neuronal Cell Ethnicities The cells had been isolated and cultured relating to a typical technique  with minor modifications, just as has been explained previously [9, 10, 19]. Quickly, the cells ready from your cerebellar pieces after tripsinization and trituration had been suspended in basal Eagle moderate supplemented with 10?% fetal leg serum, 25?mM KCl, 4?mM glutamine and antibiotics, then seeded onto 12-very well plates coated with poly-L-lysine (NUNC) at a denseness of 2??106 per well. The replication of non-neuronal cells was avoided by the use of 7.5?M cytosine arabinofuranoside. The CGC ethnicities were utilized for tests after seven days in vitro. Fluorometric Measurements of Adjustments in [Ca2+]i, ROS Creation and ?m Adjustments in intracellular Ca2+ focus ([Ca2+]we) in CGC were monitored using the fluorescent calcium-sensitive probe fluo-3. Its acetoxymethyl ester derivative, fluo-3 AM, very easily penetrates plasma membranes, and in the cells esterases cleave it to fluo-3, Spinorphin manufacture which turns into extremely fluorescent after Spinorphin manufacture binding Ca2+ . For the dimension of ROS creation DCFH-DA was utilized. DCFH-DA is usually cleaved in the cells to DCFH and additional oxidized by ROS towards the fluorescent item 27-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) . To judge adjustments in mitochondrial membrane potential (?m), rhodamine 1,2,3 (R123) was applied. Polarized mitochondria are recognized to accumulate R123 inside a voltage-dependent method and bind this dye which leads to quenching its fluorescence, whereas their depolarization prospects to R123 launch towards the cytosol and repair of its fluorescence . The task was essentially as continues to be explained previously [9, 10, 27]. CGC ethnicities had been incubated for 30?min in 37?C in the initial culture moderate containing 4?M fluo-3AM, 100?M DCFH-DA or 10?M R123. After that, the ethnicities were washed three times with Locke 5 buffer, made up of 154?mM NaCl, 5?mM KCl, 2.3?mM CaCl2, 4?mM NaHCO3, 5?mM blood sugar and 5?mM HEPES (pH 7.4). The fluorescence from the cell-entrapped probes was assessed utilizing a microplate audience FLUOstar Omega (Ortenberg, Germany) arranged at 485?nm excitation and 538?nm emission wavelengths. Extra data regarding TBBPA-induced adjustments in fluo-3 and DCF fluorescence in CGC are given in the supplementary materials (Online Source 2). After identifying the baseline fluorescence from the cells incubated in Locke 5 buffer, the adjustments in fluorescence following the Spinorphin manufacture addition from the check Spinorphin manufacture compounds were documented every 60?s. The outcomes of fluorescence measurements are offered either as percent adjustments in fluorescence strength in accordance with the basal level (F/F0?%) versus period of dimension (Figs.?1a, ?a,2a,2a, ?a,5a),5a), or represent the amount of fluorescence after 30?min from the test, in % from the control, we.e. the cells neglected with check substances or automobiles (pub graphs in Figs.?1b, ?b,2b,2b, ?b,5b).5b). The outcomes of control tests examining the consequences of TBBPA and NMDAR/RyR antagonists around the fluorescence of cell-free solutions made up of the fluorescent probes found in these research Spinorphin manufacture are offered in the supplementary materials (Online Source 1). Open up in another windows Fig. 1 TBBPA-induced raises in intracellular Ca2+ focus in main CGC ethnicities. a The concentration-dependent ramifications of TBBPA versus automobile (0.5?% DMSO) around the fluorescence of fluo-3. b Modulation of the consequences of 10 and 25?M TBBPA from the free of charge radical scavengers 10?M butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) dissolved in 0.1? ethanol (ET), 1?mM reduced glutathione (GSH), 1?mM ascorbic acidity (vit. C), as well as the mix of RyR and NMDAR antagonists 2.5?M bastadin 12 (bast), 200?M ryanodine (ryan) and 0.5?M MK-801 (MK). Fluorescence of fluo-3 is usually indicated as percentage from the basal level (?F/F0?%) (a), or percent of control at 30?min (b). The email address details are the mean ideals??SD (n?=?15). *Outcomes significantly not the same as the control. #Outcomes significantly not the same Rabbit Polyclonal to p300 as the related group treated just with TBBPA (p? ?0.05) Open up in another window Fig. 2 Upsurge in creation of reactive air species in main.


A collective list of must to know major events that happened on February 3rd in the world history.
2014 - The 2011 abortion rate was reported to be the lowest in the last 30 years. The rate of 16.9 abortions per thousand women of child bearing age was 19.4 per thousand in 1981.
2013 - A power outage occurred during the Super bowl XLVII at New Orlean's Super dome and the Baltimore Ravens defeated the San Francisco 49ers by 34-31 runs.
2012 - The US unemployment rate drops to be 8.3% and it was the lowest in last three years after employers added 240,000 jobs in January.
2011 - The UN Food and Agricultural Organisation reported that world food prices have reached a higher record.
2010 - A North-Korean flagged cargo ship in south of Yemen was seized by the Somalian pirates.
2002 - New England beats St. Lewis Rams by 20-17 runs in Super Bowl XXXVI in Louisiana Super dome at New Orleans.
1998 - Bob Watson the general manager was replaced by the New York Yankees with Brain Cashman.
1997 - Howard Stern Radio show premieres to be in Detroit, Michigan on WKRK 97.1 FM radio.
1994 - Jean Claude Van Damme an actor who is 32 years old weds Darcy Lapier of 28 years in Bangkok.
1994 - Bill Clinton, the President of US lifts US trade embargo against Vietnam.


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Destinations 11 March 2021,14:48 3802
Appointed Director of the Research Institute "Mahalla va Oila" ("Mahalla and family")
Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 553 of September 15, 2020 Egamberdieva Nodira Melibayevna was appointed director of the research Institute "Mahalla va Oila" under the Ministry for the Support of Mahalla and Family of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The role of women in the fight against extremism and terrorism was discussed.
According to the MoU signed between KOICA and the Ministry of Support of mahalla and family, trainings for 21 teachers of educationalcenters of Syrdarya and Bukhara regions were organized in Tashkent
In the framework of the project implemented by the Ministry of Support of Mahalla and Family and the Korean International Cooperation Agency, residents of remote areas of the Bukhara region will undergo a medical check up

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Prepare to develop design briefs.
Logic Gates, Symbols, Truth Tables and Boolean expressions.
Digital Projects Student Workbook, RMIT.
This course is delivered in a cluster (Digital Projects) in conjunction with Other Courses competencies namely: Implement and Monitor OHS policies and procedures OHTH5465C, Project Management BUSM-6213. All the learning and assessment activities will include the components of both /All competencies UEENEEE015B, UEEDNEEE017B and UEENEEE041B.
In this cluster, minimum student directed hours are 54 in addition to 126 scheduled teaching hours.
Student directed hours involve completing activities such as reading online resources, assignments, project work, individual student-teacher course-related consultation, lab reports.


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enquiries@whitbygalleries.com
Whitby Galleries
Original Art & Quality Prints in Whitby, North Yorkshire
Come and visit our gallery on Church Street
Our extensive stock of original paintings combines the work of the very best local artists with work from many other parts of Britain and overseas.
Approximately 20 artists supply us on a regular basis, some of these artists are exclusive to Whitby Galleries.
Our artists are listed below. Please click on any image to see a range of paintings by that artist, including some, but by no means all of our current stock, details of which can be emailed upon request.
Please click on an image or artist name below to view their paintings in more detail:
Catherine J. Stephenson
Catherine was born in North Yorkshire and began painting at an early age. Her love of watercolour developed rapidly and, after a successful career in stained glass design, she made the decision to paint professionally.
Ben Payne
Ben is a self-taught artist but learned a great deal from his artist mother. In 2003, following a career as a behavioural therapist, he turned a lifelong hobby into a flourishing career. His work with children with autism taught him to communicate in a very direct, simplistic language and this is translated in his painting style
Sandie Coe
Sandie Coe was born in London in 1950 and grew up in Norfolk. She is a completely self-taught artist, usually painting in oils.
Lisa Marie Robinson
Lisa-Marie Robinson was born in the North-East of England in 1979. Having always had a passion for nature as well as art, she felt it only natural to combine the two and, after conventional schooling, studied Natural History Illustration and gained a BA (hons) Degree in Design and Illustration.
Rob Wilson
Rob Wilson was born in Co Durham in 1947. He was a keen painter at school and had his first exhibition when he was only 15 years old. In prior days he used mainly poster and oil paints as these were the easiest paints to get hold of.
As a child Jonathan always loved to paint and stood in awe of his father, a professional artist. He always felt he was destined to follow in his father's footsteps, but after leaving school found himself working in a variety of jobs, finally finding a creative position as an interior designer.
Jake Jones
Jake Jones was born in Cambridge in 1972. He spent his childhood in rural Cambridgeshire where he developed his love for creativity and open spaces.
David Deakins
David was born in 1944 and lives with his wife in the South-West of England. He has two grown-up children. He paints mainly with a palette knife, continuing in the tradition and style of his late father, George, who for 30 years painted in his studio in Somerset.
Jeff Streets
Jeff showed a natural talent for drawing at an early age, completing art school training before moving into advertising. For many years he ran his own art and design business, becoming a freelance illustrator and specialist architectural illustrator with many national and international accounts.
Linda Golding
Linda Golding first began painting in her early twenties and has painted relentlessly ever since. She works mainly in acrylic paint but also experiments with acrylic ink which she finds vibrant and exciting.
Val Gildroy
Val paints in watercolour and loves the way she can blend the colours into each other. She is inspired by the sea and buildings around Whitby
Anne Fryers
Anne Fryers studied at Manchester College of Art and Design from 1965 to 1970, graduated in 1969 with Dip. A.D. (Textile Design) and gained the Certificate in Education in 1970. She then taught Art for 3 years at the Adelphi Girls Grammar School, Salford.
Alex Kerr
Alex Kerr was born in Manchester in 1985 and is a full-time artist living and working in Cumbria close to the beautiful Lake District. He studied Fine Art at University and has been painting professionally since 2011.
Lydia Streets
Lydia Streets completed an HND in graphic design and illustration, graduating in 2001. Her passion for fine art has been a constant; she comes from a family of artists who give her advice and inspiration.
Geoff and Anne-Marie Rose
Geoff and Anne-Marie met at polytechnic and have a shared love of art. They share a passion for Whitby and love walking along the beaches with their dog, The pebbles and glassware they see on the beach have inspired them to create their pieces of art
Debra Snow
Debra studied graphics and illustration at Lincoln College of Art and worked in the art department of Sheffield Newspapers until beginning to paint as a career when she started her family. She is inspired by nature and, since moving to Whitby in 2007, she is constantly inspired by the North Yorkshire coast and moorland.
Rozanne Bell was born in 1962 in Zimbabwe where she lived for 40 years. A self-taught artist, her work has been exhibited all over Southern Africa. Looking to expand her horizons she sought to create wider appeal.
Graham Colthorpe
Graham Colthorpe was born in Leeds in 1953. He had no idea which career path to follow until he walked into Leeds City Art Gallery for the first time. It was then he knew that he wanted to become an artist.
Allan Morgan
Allan Morgan is a full time artist living on the borders of England and Wales. Born in 1952 he graduated from Coventry (Lanchester) Art College with a BA Honours in Fine Art.
John Sibson
John paints mainly in watercolour. His main main subject matter is the hills and dales of the Noirth of England as well as historic market towns and fishing ports
June's work is strongly design based. Shapes and lines are strengthened and exaggerated while superfluous details are left out.
Jack Duffill
Jack Duffill was born in 1940 in Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire. After conventional schooling, he attended the Regional College of Arts and Crafts in Bradford where he was introduced to Art, Design, Pottery and Metalwork.
John is based in the West Midlands. He is a self-taught artist who paints in his spare time around his job for the local council. Watercolour painting is his passion and he loves to meet people who appreciate his art.
Claire Baxter
Claire Baxter was born in Harrogate in 1978 and, as a child, was never happier than with a pack of crayons and a colouring book. Throughout school she enjoyed success in Art, progressing via GCSE and 'A' level to a BTEC Art and Design course at Harrogate College.
Sharon Baldry
Sharon Baldry was born in Hackney, London in 1960 . For many years she specialised in botanical studies and has exhibited with the Royal Horticultural Society at the Mall Galleries, London.
Kevin Palmer
Kevin Palmer was a sign writer during his working life, painting pictorial signs for Vaux Breweries and shop facias. Now retired, he has time to concentrate on painting and is a member of Cleveland Arts Society.
Ruby Keller
Ruby Keller is the pseudonym for the artist Peter Worswick. Peter is regarded as one of the most collectable artists in the UK. This award winning artist has exhibited throughout the UK, including Kensington Palace in London.
Copyright Whitby Galleries 2018
Website by Jack


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Song & Stage
Ava Locks Appointed Bay Street Theater Director of Education
By Dan's Papers A&E Posted on September 21, 2015
Ava Locks
Bay Street Theater & Sag Harbor Center for the Arts announced this week a new director of education, Ava Locks.
Locks, whose experience includes director of education and marketing at the Children's Museum of the East End in Bridgehampton, will be charged with administering Bay Street Theater's kids camps and its acting and audition master classes for young adults. She is also expected to develop new education programs for both children and adults.
"I am thrilled to welcome Ava Locks to the Bay Street team," artistic director Scott Schwartz says. "She is a talented and accomplished educator, a long time resident of the East End with deep ties to our community, and is someone who I am confident will bring new energy and growth to the educational programs we offer for both kids and adults."
Locks is on the board of trustees of East End Special Education Parent Teacher Organization and the Southampton Town Business Advisory Council. She is a New York State–certified Special Education teacher, having received a a Master of Science, in childhood education from Long Island University and a Bachelor of Arts in theater production from Bennington College. She has worked off Broadway, regionally, on network television and in film before moving to the East End.
"I am delighted to join the team at Bay Street Theater & Sag Harbor Center for the Arts where I can build upon and expand the unique and educational offerings for the community," Locks says.
This fall, Locks will help Bay Street Theater present Of Mice and Men, a BOCES-approved arts-in-education program. Many local schoolchildren will attend the play between November 9 and 29 as a complement to their literature classes.
"There are countless opportunities for community stake holders to participate in offerings that will continue to shape the theater and its center for the arts as a treasured resource," Locks says.
The director of education position was previously held by Julia Motyka.
Frank Vespe's 'Another East End Christmas' Song Debuts
Our Virtual Holiday Show: Drag, Aerial Arts, Snakes & More
Christmas Carols and More: Holiday Performing Arts on the East End
See the Virtual World Premiere of "Rival Queens" at Bay Street Theater


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Lafourche Parish county
Nicholls State University in Thibodaux
Thibodaux, LA
Download Nicholls State University Whitepaper!
Download the PDF with FULL information about the Nicholls State University from opened government trustful sources - right now!
SAT/ACT scores
Nicholls State University offers 193-degree programs and 31 via distance education. Student-to-faculty ratio is 19:1. 1 high safety campus. Acceptance Rate is 88%. The most popular test is SAT - 2% of students submitted it in comparison to 97% of students who submitted ACT. 37.1% are women, and 62.9% are men. 2% percents of international students. Nicholls State University is a member of 6 athletic associations. The average annual total cost of attendance at Nicholls State University is 10195$, that is at the level of national average. Total price of living is between $12186 and $20274 per year. 40% of full-time Nicholls State University students completed their education in 150 percent of time: graduation rate is at the level of national average. Average salary after attending is $35,000, so if you studied 2 years, you'll get your funds back in less than 2 years.
The Nicholls State University is a public and non-academic-year institution, so it's net price represents an average of all programs and includes only undergraduates who first enrolled in the fall term and pay in-state tuition and receive Title IV aid.
Depending on the federal state, or institutional grant and available, Nicholls State University students in your income bracket may pay more of less than the overall average costs.
Typical room charge for academic year: 6200
4134 of Nicholls State University undergraduates were awarded with some type of financial aid, it's 73 percents of all undergraduate students. This makes Nicholls State University number 12 in the amount of financial aid awarded to students among all educational institutions in Louisiana.
Students at Nicholls State University awarded 5 types of loans or aids, the biggest percent of students received a any financial aid.
94.92% $6,435
78% $4,441
Graduate programs or courses are offered via distance education
Here are the learning opportunities available in Nicholls State University.
Study abroad - programs and arrangements offering students a possibility to complete part of the college program studying in another country.
NCAA/NAIA member for football
NCAA/NAIA member for baseball
Nicholls State University graduation rate is below the national average.
40% of full-time students enrolled for the first time to Nicholls State University completed the education program and got a degree in 150 percent of the expected time of completion.
Graduation rate is the percentage of institution's new-entering, first-time, first-year undergraduate students who complete their program within 150% of the published time for the program. Graduation rate excludes a huge number of students. This indicator doesn't consider students of nontraditional enrollments - part-time students, students who enroll mid-year, and who transfer from one institution to another. So graduation rate alone can create a misleading perception. Completion rate in the form of total number of students receiving any types of awards/degrees creates a complete picture. Combining this data with graduation rate is a better way to compare educational institutions.
Nicholls State University acceptance rate is above national average.
Average acceptance rate for institutions in state is 69%, so acceptance rate value is above state average for 19%.
In comparison to an average acceptance rate in of colleges in $10k - $20k price range
Average acceptance rate for all institutions in state in the same net price range is 67%, so Nicholls State University acceptance rate value is above state net price average for 21%.
The Nicholls State University full-time retention rate is 65% and part-time retention rate is 38%.
Retention rate is the percentage of the institution's first-time first-year undergraduate students who continue at that institution the next year. E.g., full-time students who study in the fall semester and keep on studying in the same program next fall semester are included in the retention rate.
Retention rate is an important index: if it is high, it demonstrates that school offers quality curriculum, positive student environments and cultures as more students choose to continue their studies.
SAT scores
Percent of first-time degree/certificate-seeking Nicholls State University students submitting SAT scores
Composite SAT Range (25th - 75th):
SAT Range by section (25th - 75th)
Critical Reading: 440 - 540
Math: 470 - 610
Writing: 430 - 510
SAT Test Score Range
ACT scores
Percent of first-time degree/certificate-seeking Nicholls State University students submitting ACT scores
Composite ACT Range (25th - 75th):
ACT Range by section (25th - 75th)
English: 20 - 25
Math: 19 - 24
Writing: 0 - 0
ACT Test Score Range
SAT Score Converter
The new SAT is scored out of 1600 after the adjustments made in 2016. The old SAT was scored out of 2400. If you took an old SAT, you can convert your score to the new SAT score using the SAT Score Converter.
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Writing and Language
An estimate of what your score would have been on the new SAT
Reading and Writing out of 800
For the High School Class of 2016:
Most students in the Class of 2016 will take the old SAT, and most colleges will convert new SAT scores to old SAT scores.
Most students in the Class of 2017 will take the new SAT, and most colleges will convert old SAT scores to new SAT scores.
The student-to-faculty ratio at Nicholls State University is 19:1, that means that for every 19 students the institution has one professor, lecturer or specialist with a degree in education. Lower student-to-faculty ratio is better - it means that professors can dedicate more time and attention to each student.
In Nicholls State University the biggest percent of students are enrolled in on-campus courses.
Here are the students enrolled exclusively in distance education courses at Nicholls State University and grouped by their location. Distance education courses are the most popular for students located in Louisiana.
The campus located by University Station La Hwy 1 address in Thibodaux, Louisiana.
Main Campus in comparison of all branches in the US. It is calculated as the average percent of crimes yearly by five years of data for every campus, based on an overall number of students studying there. The branch is a part of Nicholls State University with 0.15% of maximum crimes a year. The most often crimes detected on Main Campus are burglary, forcible sex offense, and robbery.
Nicholls State University offers 193 programs in total: 116 are for Bachelor's degree, 36 - for Master's degree, 18 - for Postbaccalaureate certificate, 12 - for Associate's degree, and 11 are Post-master's certificate.
This is one of the lowest number of programs in comparison with other 130 universities in Louisiana state. Nicholls State University is one of the few institutions in Louisiana that offers an Associate's degree program.
Number of degree programs offered via distance education
There are 31 distance education programs that are offered in the Nicholls State University: 22 are for Bachelor's degree, 6 - for Master's degree and 3 are Associate's degree.
Note, that programs offered via distance education might be fully online as well as partially online and contain real-time elements. So look carefully into each program to make sure you can commit.
Here you can find the data on instructional activity in measured in total credit and/or contact hours delivered by institutions during a 12-month period. Also we shown the Louisiana state average data to help you compare.
Nicholls State University provides coursework for undergraduate students and graduate students.
In 2014-2015 academic year estimated full-time equivalent undergraduate enrollment was 5239 students with 157156 сredit hours for 12-month instructional activity period. The enrollment for graduates was 518 with 12424 credit hours.
The most popular majors counted as percentage breakdown of degrees awarded in every single discipline in Nicholls State University
4% — Education
4% — Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies
4% — Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies, Other
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Address: University Station La Hwy 1
Institution's internet website address: nicholls.edu
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'Heerlen Murals' colors the city of Heerlen (NL)
Heerlen Murals is organising a wide range of interventions and activities from August till December 2016 in and around the center of Heerlen, Netherlands.
This year's theme is called "Je gaat het pas zien als je het doorhebt" / "There's more than meets the eye" and it deals with the diversity and 'the do it yourself mentallity' of the artform. The artists where challenged to produce work that have either a worldy or local context.
HRLN Murals 2016 highlights
During the event there will be murals created by world-renowned artists who make their Dutch debut in Heerlen.
The Foundation is proud to announce that AEC ftom Ukraine, Aryz from Spain and Nunca from Brazil will have painted for the first time in the Netherlands.
This edition offered more highlights. Isaac Cordal has left a trail of Cement Eclipses characters in the center of Heerlen, wich is unique in the Netherlands. In addition, an International art panel was held. The event also hosted the European premiere of the documentary "Wall Writers".
HRLN Murals 2016 presents an eclectic selection of (inter) national artists from the Netherlands, Spain, Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, Brazil and Ukraine. The art on display will include murals, works on canvas, installations, illustrations and photography.
The participating artists of 2016 are:
Outdoor participants:
AEC Interesni Kazki (UKR)
Aryz (SP)
Ben Eine (GB)
Bier & Brood (NL)
Dzia (BE)
Isaac Cordal (SP)
Nunca (BR)
Serge Verheugen (NL)
Zedz (NL)
Indoor participants:
"Berlin Calling" exhibition
Base 23, Bruce & Mina, Chrisse Kunst, Felix Gephart, LowBros, Matthias Gephart, Stohead, Untune, Poet73
This exhibition was organized in collaboration with Urban Spree in Berlin
"infatuated" photo exhibition:
Daantje Jacobs(NL), Dieter Weinkauf(DE), Henrik Haven(DK), Nicole Blommers(NL), Regina Weinkauf(DE)
This exposition tells the story of five afficionado's. It asks: "what integrates and motivates these treasure hunters to find these works of art regardless of the circumstances?"
"In Dialoog" exhibition:
Burpk(NL), Mike Moonen(NL), Viswerk(NL)
This show studies the dialogue between the work of three artist inconjunction with the viewer whereby selfexpression is the focal point.
The activities are curated by Raenys Martis.
Street Art / Urban Art
Street Art nowadays has a global recognition and is a modern and contemporary art form. Street Art is seen as a multicultural, open-minded, tolerant and multi-disciplinary art form. The publicworks and public activities makes this art form accessible to a wide audience.
Heerlen Murals Organisation
Heerlen Murals is a project of "Street Art Foundation" the foundation's objective is to gain positive attention for Heerlen, in addition to challenge artist and offer inspiration through interventions in the public space art and informing the public by hosting events.
"This refreshing art movement thrives in public. A city as an public exhibition space, so that everyone from young to old can enjoy great art for free and be inspired by the painted murals.


A-Mac had the most liked content!
Glide-style swimbait. Lures are ~7" long to end of tail. Lure bodies are made from PVC.
Wicked paint and very cool idea!
I'm a big fan of gorilla glue! You get a good amount for the cost and the bottle punctures the bottle. I normally put some in a small syringe and inject it into my pilot hole with a needle. Normally, the needle and syringe will be shot after a few uses, but for what I use it for, it works well. As far as durability, I haven't had any issues. If you are gluing in wood, it will work very well. With resin, it's ok, but not any worse than other glues. A slightly larger pilot hole in resin (in comparison to the eye screw) tends to hold better. Hope this helps!
How To Paint More Effeciently??
15-30 seconds? Even to go from shooting black or a dark color back to white? I feel like I need nearly dissemble a brush to do go from dark back to light colors. If you can do this in 15-30 seconds, then I've spent several years doing it all wrong. What are you dipping your brush in? Is this still effective with pearls (Createx pearl blue is always a bear to clean from a brush)?
I agree entirely. Beautiful bait. I've made gills before with the large dorsal fin protruding above the caudal area and the swim action was certainly hindered. I removed the fin from that section and it began to swim beautifully. You can get by with a very low profile fin, but it doesn't take much to impact the action. That would be my first crack at trying to fix your problem anyway. Good luck!
Would you mind posting a picture or a video of it swimming? This may help us figure out what is causing this. I've made a few gill designs myself, but don't recall the top portion wobbling. Lol, it actually sounds like a cool action if the rest of the lure is still swimming.
I use the Elmers spray adhesive. It's less tacky than 3m, and much cheaper too. I tend to spray a light mist on, then can use the mesh about a minute later (allow it to no longer be wet, but tacky still). I tend to get about 2 applications before needing to start the respray process over. After a certain amount of use, I pitch the mesh material and start with a new piece.
lol. I suppose this suggests that this is not a popular method.
Cool video. Thanks for sharing!
Hey everyone! Has anyone tried vacuum casting? I've seen this mentioned on the alumilite website, but I'm not quite sure how they actually do it. Is this done before mixing resins, after mixing, or after pouring into the mold. What type of products do people use to do this?
I really dig this pattern. I keep trying to figure out just how you shot the black, which makes it all the more impressive.
I like using the Gorilla super glue. I haven't had any issues. I dab a little on the threads and also use a syring to inject some in the cavity. I do similar to what Dave suggests. I drill a pilot hole first, just smaller than the threads. I then drill a hole slightly larger than the threads of the eyescrew approximately half the distance of the first hole.
I do pour in lips too. I drill 2 small holes at the base of the lip to allow the resin to flow through. That sucker isn't coming out. Square bill (and coffin) style lips are a little tougher to remove from the mold. I recently completed one. The lure comes out nicely, but I'm afraid that the edges of the lip may reduce the life of the mold. It's much more difficult to remove than a round lip. Bass100 is right, you need to make sure your lips are all cut identical for it to work in the mold. I keep my "master" lip that I used to make the mold with as my stencil for sketching new ones. Even better, if you can punch the design in on a computer (even standard Paint can work well), you can print these out on either label sheet or on standard paper (use a light coat of spray adhesive) and adhere to the lip material (circuit board in my case). This drastically helps with consistency.


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Protesters Criticize Plans To Give Ferdinand Marcos A Hero's Burial
One of the unresolved issues concerning the late, disgraced Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos is where to bury him. Since his death in 1989, his embalmed remains have been on display in a glass sarcophagus in his home village. And a proposal by the country's new president to finally give Marcos a proper burial is being challenged in that country's supreme court in Manila. Here's Michael Sullivan.
MICHAEL SULLIVAN, BYLINE: He's been dead for 27 years, but the former Philippine strongman, Ferdinand Marcos, can still draw a crowd.
UNIDENTIFIED PROTESTORS: (Chanting) Marcos, no hero, no honors.
SULLIVAN: Anti-Marcos demonstrators outside the Supreme Court yesterday, hundreds waving signs, chanting their opposition to his proposed burial in Manila's hero cemetery. About 50 yards down the street, another demonstration. This one, Marcos supporters.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: (Foreign language spoken).
SULLIVAN: For the past week, justices inside the court have been hearing from lawyers on both sides of the issue.
EDCEL LAGMAN: A Marcos burial would glorify a dictator and mock the heroism of desaparecidos and other victims of Marcos' atrocities.
SULLIVAN: That's Edcel Lagman, a lawyer for the families of some of the desaparecidos or disappeared and for other victims of the Marcos regime. He refers to the cemetery by its Tagalog name.
LAGMAN: We beseech the honorable Supreme Court to foreclose a national tragedy by prohibiting the burial of Marcos' remains being in the Libingan ng mga Bayani now and forever.
SULLIVAN: Arguing just as forcefully and with even more rhetorical flourish from the other side was the country's Shakespeare-quoting solicitor general Jose Calida.
JOSE CALIDA: I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them. The good is often interred in their bones.
SULLIVAN: Calida's task - to defend President Duterte's decision to allow the burial.
CALIDA: Inspired by this lines, I now come to your honors to allow this state to bury the remains of former President Ferdinand Marcos, not to honor him as a hero, but to accord him the simple mortuary rights befitting a former president, commander in chief, war veteran and soldier.
SULLIVAN: For some it's a bridge too far, but for others not so much, some here too young to remember or it's just not important. And the Marcos brand is strong. The former dictator's son Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. almost became vice president in May's election collecting 38 percent of the vote, a single percentage point behind the winner.
MALOU TIQUIA: After 30 years some - probably 38 percent of the electorate are saying we are better off during the Marcos era than 30 years after which is really sad.
SULLIVAN: That's Malou Tiquia of the consulting firm PUBLiCUS Asia. She says there's a perception the country's golden years were under Marcos' rule. Since the people power revolution that toppled him, she says, change has been slow.
TIQUIA: You see the same oligarchs. You see the same failure in terms of infrastructure development, and the basic is the poor are getting poorer.
SULLIVAN: That helps explain the Marcos nostalgia and appeal, and it also helps explain how Rodrigo Duterte got elected president in May, Tiquia says, a foul-mouth, tough guy with a reputation for getting things done one way or another - his recent war on drugs, perhaps the best example.
TIQUIA: And people who supported him are really angry about the institutions and systems that we have and are hedging on that kind of a leader, very strong.
SULLIVAN: Ferdinand Marcos started out as a really strong democratically-elected leader, too, one still in search of a final resting place. For NPR News, I'm Michael Sullivan in Manila. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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West Africa's 'water tower'
Located in West Africa, Guinea is officially known as the Republic of Guinea (not to be confused with Equatorial Guinea or Guinea-Bissau). The country is recognised as a global biodiversity hotspot, and Guinea's 12 million people share their home with an impressive array of wildlife and plant species.
Twenty-two West African rivers originate here, including the Niger – Africa's third longest – and the Gambia and Senegal Rivers. Protecting the forests that act as watersheds for these rivers is therefore crucial not only for biodiversity, but for the health and well-being of millions of people.
The south of Guinea also contains important remnants of the Upper Guinean Forest that once covered the whole of West Africa. The biodiversity under the lush forest canopy is stunning – elephants, chimpanzees and many more endangered species all rely on this unique habitat.
But Guinea's wildlife is under threat from mining, bush meat hunting, illegal wildlife trade and massive deforestation. With a rapidly rising population and capacity challenges, these pressures will only increase. Guinea is ranked 183 out of 188 on the Human Development Index, so conservation solutions need to be found that enable people to make a living while protecting their natural assets into the future.
Guinea facts
Country in Africa
Size (land & water):
245,857 km²
Population (2016 est.):
GDP per capita (2016 est.):
Guinea is located in Africa. It is bordered by Mali, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), and the Atlantic Ocean.
of households in Guinea use firewood for fuel.
of Guinea's primary rainforest remains – down from 140,000 km2.
Our work to protect Guinea's biodiversity
Fauna & Flora International (FFI) is focusing on conserving what remains of the Upper Guinean Forest in Guinea. Situated along the border with Liberia, this forest is rich in endemic and endangered species, but is also at risk from extreme and immediate threats, such as slash-and-burn agricultural expansion, mining and poaching – driven in large part by poverty and exponential population growth.
As part of this, we have been working in the Ziama Man and Biosphere Reserve. This area – which adjoins Wonegizi proposed protected area across the border in Liberia – is home to the last remaining forest elephants in Guinea and provides a vital habitat corridor for wildlife to move between the two countries.
Since 2009, we have been working with park authorities to combat elephant poaching and alleviate human-elephant conflict within Ziama. More recently, our work here has expanded to tackle the conservation challenge more holistically by engaging with communities to help them manage their forest resources sustainably.
Key species we work with in Guinea
Learn more about our work in Guinea
Supporting effective management of Ziama Man and Biosphere Reserve
Forests contain the overwhelming majority of life on Earth, including a staggering 80% of the planet's terrestrial species.


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Writer Access Review | Home. Business. Balance.
There seem to be a million freelance writing platforms out there advertising that they are connecting freelance writers with writing jobs that pay well. I've heard many complaints that those platforms either don't pay well, have poor customer service, or rarely have any work (or sometimes all three!) Then I came across Writer Access. Is Writer Access different from the others? Let's find out!
The process of signing up for Writer Access is somewhat involved, which I actually appreciate You complete the application form and providing a writing sample. Take your time with this as it will be used to help determine your initial ranking and consequently your pay grade (we'll talk about that a little later). Finally, you will set up your profile. This is a crucial part of the application process. Not only will it be used to help the editors evaluate you, but it is also used by clients to search for new writers. I didn't really think that it was something that anyone paid much attention to, but believe me it is. Two of my recurring clients have come directly as a result of them finding me through my profile. I've also received recommendations from the support team of potential clients based on my profile.
Once your profile has been approved, you're in! You can immediately take on assignments.
Each author is given a star rating from 2 to 6 stars. The higher your star rating, the higher price per word you receive for each assignment. Your ranking also comes into play with the type of work you are eligible to take on. You'll see how that plays out shortly. If you don't get the ranking you hoped for initially, don't worry, because as you continue to do a good job, you'll be able to be promoted to higher ranking levels.
Open orders are available to anyone depending on the ranking of the assignment. You can pick up any assignment at or below your star rating.
For example, if you are a 4-star writer, you can pick up 4-star, 3-star, and 2-star assignments. Keep in mind that you will be paid based on the rating of the assignment rather than your own personal rating.
Open orders tend to go quickly, so you have to move fast and you'll want to check in multiple times a day to see if new jobs have been posted.
Love lists can have anywhere from one to hundreds of authors depending on your needs.
These assignments are more exclusive, giving you a greater opportunity to pick up more work.
Solos are exactly that, assignments sent directly to you. These are great since there is no competition. You simply decide whether or not you want to accept the assignment.
Casting calls are auditions for new writers. Clients post descriptions of the assignment to be completed along with compensation information. You get a chance to "pitch" the client regarding why you would be the best fit for their needs.
When you're thinking about writing for a platform, your earning potential is what gets your attention. This is the most recent pricing for writers.
You can also receive bonuses for completing assignments early or if you have done a great job. I've received a couple of these and though unexpected they are awesome!
Writer Access has a very active community platform where writers go to get help with the platform, their writing, other writing platforms or even just hang out. No matter what questions I've had, I've always been able to find the answer in the forums.
The writer support team with Writer Access is also top notch. I've reached out several times for help with a client issue, technical problems, or new assignments. The team has always gotten back to me within a day and followed up to ensure my issue was resolved.
One of the drawbacks with Writer Access is that available assignments have a tendency to go quickly. You need to check in multiple times a day to snag new assignments. Unlike other platforms, however, depending on how many platforms you have completed on the platform and the type of assignment available, you can have more than one assignment in your "queue" at the same time.
Absolutely. I think that if you are willing to roll up your sleeves and really do the work to get yourself off to a good start, it can be a great little side hustle. There are some writers on the platform that have even managed to make it a full-time income.
I know this is a lot to cover. If you have any more questions, please feel free to leave me a comment below. To learn about some of the other freelance writing platforms available, click here. Have you used Writer Access and have tips to share? Please feel free to share those as well.
I see that you took the time to write about Writer Access but not yet earning a commission!
We create great content that our customers love, and now you can get a piece of that high converting action!
No long registration, no agreements to sign. Quick and easy cash-out.
Thank you so much for the information. I hope that you are having a great day!


Do you need wedding insurance? Permits for your DJ, parking, a large gathering, or alcohol service?
Let's face it, insurance, permits and licenses are … intimidating. How on earth would you go about selecting a blanket insurance policy that covers illness, inclement weather, or other unforeseen loss on your wedding day? Do you even need a wedding insurance policy or permits or license?
Wedding insurance can be pesky to think about, but you can't afford to write it off.
Today's show explores a critical aspect of wedding planning that is not so fun or glamorous, but is SO IMPORTANT!
Your venue is a great place to start gathering information about what types of wedding insurance are required. To start, I recommend asking the manager or events coordinator what types of coverage you need to secure. Next, be sure to ask for referrals to companies that they have worked with in the past.
Lastly, I also share tips on where to find more information!
Disclaimer – I am NOT an insurance or legal professional, and this episode does NOT constitute legal advice!
Specific questions about wedding insurance, permits, or licensing needs? Consult with a registered insurance agent or legal professional for more advice. I'd recommend a phone call to your auto or home insurance provider, and they can point you in the right direction.
THE VAULT | Sign up to access 75+ member's only episodes of the Wedding Planning Podcast!


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Мониторинговая миссия
по трудовым правам в Центральной Азии
Mission goals
Mission participants and partners
Solidarity campaigns
Declarations and ILO conventions
Solidarity letters
Subscribe for updates in
Belarus: Stop the violence - defend democracy and human rights
Kazakhstan: Trade unionist Erlan Baltabay imprisoned - again!
Kazakhstan: Erlan Baltabay sentenced to 7 years in prison for union activity
Kazakhstan: Stop repression and physical attacks on leaders of independent unions; hands off Larisa Kharkova, Erlan Baltabai and Dmitriy Senyavskiy
MALOKHAT STILL NEEDS YOUR HELP
FREE GASPAR MATALAEV
MALOKHAT URGENTLY NEEDS YOUR HELP
Give support to the independent trade unions of Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan: Free Gaspar Matalaev!
Kazakhstan: Stop repression, start dialogue with workers
FINAL DOCUMENT FIFTH COORDINATION MEETING INTERNATIONAL LABOUR RIGHTS MONITORING MISSION FOR CENTRAL ASIA
15.12.2021	/ International
Bishkek, 7 December 2021
The participants of the Fifth Coordination Meeting of the International Labour Rights Monitoring Mission for Central Asia who gathered in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) or joined it online on December 07, 2021, representing independent unions and human rights organisations from Kazakhstan, Russia, Germany, France, USA, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine note that despite a certain progress achieved in ensuring the respect of fundamental labour rights in the Central Asian countries, particularly, the restriction of child and forced labour by the Government of Uzbekistan, the cessation of overt repressions against union activists in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the veto of the proposed anti-worker Law on Trade Unions by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, the general situation vis-à-vis the observance of labour rights in the region remain alarming.
The situation is further exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis which has led to increased poverty, disproportionately affecting labour migrants and informal workers, primarily, women among them. Poverty, in its turn, leads to greater use of child labour, growing inequality, and discrimination against women.
In Kazakhstan, the independent union's activists remain under considerable pressure continue, the legal restrictions hampering their activity are still in force, as are the unlawful court decisions against participants of peaceful actions. Threatened with criminal prosecution, workers of Kazakhstan express their frustration, with larger numbers of them taking part in strike actions and staunchly demanding recognition of independent trade unions. Yet these demands are ignored by the authorities who have de-registered the Independent Fuel and Energy Workers' Union, putting it under the threat of dissolution.
We note that 10 years after the Zhanaozen tragedy, the State has still failed to produce an adequate assessment of those events and rehabilitate its victims. The State refuses to acknowledge its responsibility for failing to create conditions for a fair social dialogue and collective bargaining at the time, as well for using fire arms against the participants of the peaceful strike.
Conditions for the creation and registration of independent unions in Uzbekistan are still absent. Organized workers are forced to affiliate with the State-controlled unions headed by governmental officials and employers. The restricted right to freedom of associations discredits the attempted political reforms, making any positive changes precarious and reversible.
In Tajikistan, we observe insufficient activity of trade unions as organisations that are independent in their operations from the State and the employers and capable of freely organizing workers and representing and protecting them without impediment.
The political regime in Turkmenistan characterized by extreme absolutism leaves no room for the emergence of independent unions, human rights organisations, and mass media. Also, the use of forced labour in cotton harvesting involving workers from various other sectors remains a common and systematic phenomenon.
A special role in maintaining this archaic system of labour relations in Central Asia is played by the State-controlled unions used as a tool for worker control and repression.
The situation in Kyrgyzstan where the authorities' actions and a property dispute among affiliated unions has provoked an ongoing division inside the Trade Union Federation remains alarming.
We note the distressful situation of labour migrants working in the Russian Federation where they face human rights violations, forced labour, and slavery.
On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the tragic events in Zhanaozen the International Labour Rights Monitoring Mission for Central Asia expresses its support for the call of human rights organisations in Kazakhstan who demand and international independent investigation of the Zhanaozen massacre. We call upon
— the President and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan to:
1. Overturn without delay all sentences passed against Erlan Baltabai, Larisa Kharkova, Amin Eleusinov, Nurbek Kushakbayev, cancelling all restrictions concerning their engagement in trade union activities imposed on them.
2. Cancel decisions on the dissolution of the Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (KNPRK) and its sectoral affiliates, the Fuel and Energy Workers' Union, the Social and Domestic Workers' Union "Justice", and the Healthcare and Social Development Workers' Union.
3. Re-examine the cases and fully rehabilitate Roza Tuletayeva, Maksat Dosmagambetov (posthumously), and other activists of the peaceful strike in Zhanaozen in 2011.
4. Undertake a comprehensive examination of all received complaints of torture used against persons under investigation in the Zhanaozen and punish all those who tortured them, as well as those who gave orders to use fire arms and took part in the shooting of peaceful citizens in Zhanaozen.
5. Undertake an impartial re-examination of the criminal case against Erzhan Elshimbayev, a worker activist and organizer of the movement of the unemployed who was arrested in connection with his public activities.
6. Implement the ILO recommendations concerning the amendment of the Law "On Trade Unions", introducing enforceable and meaningful amendments to the legislation regulating the area of labour relations, and create opportunities for independent trade unions to operate openly and freely.
7. Align the criminal and administrative legislation related to prosecution for exercising freedom of expression, freedom of association, the right to organize, the right to trade union activity, and freedom of peaceful assembly with the international standards.
— the President, the Zhogorku Kenesh, and the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic to:
1. Create conditions for a rational settlement of the conflict and overcoming the division in the Trade Union Federation of Kyrgyzstan. Make any changes in the labour and trade union legislation only after negotiations with trade unions and on the basis of ILO expert conclusions.
— the President and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan to:
1. Make the registration process for trade unions, NGOs, and non-commercial organisations simpler and more rational and abandon the practice of passing duplicating laws which complicate the registration process. Give up the practice of registering such associations at the level of a single region which makes the subsequent expansion of their activities beyond their region of registration more difficult.
2. Review the legislation governing the carrying out of public actions to align it with the international standards of the freedom of assembly, simplify the authorization procedure for public actions.
3. Develop a mechanism for implementing the provisions of the fundamental ILO Conventions related to the freedom of association in the national legislation.
— the President of Turkmenistan to:
Reform the political system, ensuring access to the country for independent mass media and human rights organisations; rehabilitate the repressed civil activists.
— the President and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan to:
1. Reform the national agriculture to give economic freedom to farmsteads, particularly, freedom to use their land as they see fit and independently determine their crop mix and the selling price for their grown and produced output.
2. Introduce a simplified registration procedure for non-governmental associations and non-commercial organisations. Ensure the citizens' right to create and enter professional organisations of their choice.
3. Lift the administrative and criminal sanctions imposed on participants of labour relations monitoring in cotton-growing, representatives of the rights defenders' community Elena Uralayeva, Dmitrii Tikhonov, Malakhat Eshankulova, Nafosat Ollashukurova, Makhmud Rajabov, Davlatnazar Ruzmetov (posthumously). Guarantee freedom and safe return to civil activists forced to leave the country.
4. Initiate independent and diligent investigations of forced labour reports. Start fair trials, in accordance with international standards, of officials who force or coerce others to force citizens to participate in cotton-picking or other "socially beneficial" work. Hold accountable those who are found guilty proportionately to the gravity of their wrongdoings.
The Coordination Meeting participants reviewing the situation in the area of labour relations in the region of Central Asia,
state their intention to:
1) continue with the gathering and processing information on the situation of workers in Central Asia, coordinate their activities protecting worker and trade union organisations' activists, facilitate the exchange of experiences and promote networking among them;
2) defend the principle of the trade union movement's independence as the only way to ensure worker participation in democratic labour relations and social and economic processes;
3) provide support to workers' organizing initiatives, particularly, those related to organizing migrant workers and women employed in the informal economy;
4) work jointly to organize labour migrants in order to collectively defend their labour rights;
and call upon:
1) the Governments of all Central Asian countries to carry out, with the involvement of civil society independent trade unions' representatives, an evaluation of the implementation of their commitments under the fundamental ILO Conventions, primarily, workers' right to create independent unions and bargain collectively; ratify the ILO Conventions Nos. 97 and 143 on the rights of labour migrants;
2) the UN and the multilateral organisations in its structure ООН to provide support and ensure that the Central Asian governments comply with the international standards and commitments under the ILOC Conventions they have ratified;
3) the European Union and its member-states to build international co-operation, also in the area of trade and investments, with the countries of Central Asia bearing in mind the situation concerning the observance of workers' rights in these countries;
4) the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), Global Union Federations, and other international organisations with an influence in the area of labour relations to promote the holding of an international forum on freedom of association in Central Asia under the aegis of the International labour Organization (ILO) and support the development of the Labour Rights Monitoring Mission and its member organisations;
5) the rights defending community in the countries of Central Asia to promote the creation of independent organisations by workers with the view of defending collectively their rights and interests, stand for defending repressed union activists, take part in the activities of the Labour Rights Monitoring Mission (www.LabourCentralAsia.org), and assist it in carrying out international solidarity campaigns.
© 2017 - 2022 – International monitoring misson on labour rights in central asia


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