text:
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Games, Sports and Cultures by Noel Dyck
Published July 1, 2000 by Berg Publishers .
Anthropology,
Cultural studies,
Sports & Outdoor Recreation,
Sports & Recreation,
Social Science,
Archaeology / Anthropology,
Sociology,
Anthropology - Cultural,
Sports & Recreation / General,
Download Games, Sports and Cultures
By studying these sports and games, we learn much about the culture and traditions of our ancestors. "Sports and Games of Medieval Cultures" focuses on those sports, games, and play rituals from across the From the beginning of time, humans have created and passed on to their children sports and games that teach skills, promote leisure, and /5(5). Sports and Games of Medieval Cultures focuses on those sports, games, and play rituals from across the globe that were invented and played during the time of the Middle Ages. Teachers, students, and sports enthusiasts will enjoy discovering the early origins of their favorite sports and games, and how they have evolved into the familiar Cited by: 4. Sports and Games of Medieval Cultures focuses on those sports, games, and play rituals from across the globe that were invented and played during the time of the Middle Ages. Teachers, students, and sports enthusiasts will enjoy discovering the early origins of their favorite sports and games, and how they have evolved into the familiar Author: Sally Wilkins. This book brings a distinctively anthropological approach to the deep significance of sport and games in everyday life. [from publisher's advertisement] Includes bibliographical references and index Games, bodies, celebrations and boundaries: anthropological perspectives on sport / Noel Dyck -- Why should an anthropologist study sports in China?Pages:
Describing and analyzing the sports of boxing, wrestling, stick-fighting, and pankration, Michael B. Poliakoff discusses such topics as the function of competition and violent games in ancient society; on the social background of the participants, showing the broad spectrum of Greek athletic personnel; on the significance of the appearance of Cited by: Sports and Games of Medieval Cultures focuses on those sports, games, and play rituals from across the globe that were invented and played during the time of the Middle Ages. Teachers, students, and sports enthusiasts will enjoy discovering the early origins of their favorite sports and games, and how they have evolved into the familiar. Sport is a universal element in all cultures and therefore we have chosen to include it as a theme for Compass. Sport is popular particularly with young people; statistics show that 61% of young people aged between 15 and 24 participate regularly (at least once a week) in sporting activities in the EU2 r reason for including sport is that sports provide young people with opportunities. Here are some activity ideas related to games around the world. Social Studies. Hold a family-fun field day! Invite members of children's families to school to share games from their culture. Encourage children to help explain the origins of each game and how it is played. Movement. In a large open space, play Big Snake, a game from Ghana, Africa.
This book brings a distinctively anthropological approach to the deep significance of sport and games in everyday life. Contributors examine individual and team sports and sporting practices, from football (ie, soccer) to gymnastics, to unusual but nonetheless highly developed indigenous games such as Amerindian archery in South America and Pages: Slots about Different World Cultures – Play Free ᐈ Game Machines. Many slot machines represented in modern online casinos reflect the culture of different countries of the world. Such games allow you to get new knowledge and have a fun gambling time. The world's leading game developers have such slots in . Get this from a library! Sports and games of medieval cultures. [Sally Wilkins] -- Identifies sports, games, and play from cultures around the world that were invented and played during medieval times. Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice provides a unique, global overview of sports and sports cultures. Unlike most works of this type, this book provides both essays that examine general topics, such as globalization and sport, international relations and sport, and tourism and sport, as well as essays on sports history.
Sewing for dummies
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Law enforcement alphabetical index
Waits homeopathic manual
Germany, the Wehrmacht strikes, 1920-1942
The Plundering Time
Symbols & civilization: science, morals, religion, art
NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
European world since 1815: triumph and transition
Returning to the Source
Cooperative problem solving with Unifix cubes
Super Learning
A gift from the past
On types of imbecility
Sevoflurane versus halothane for pediatric ent surgeries: Is the difference clinically significant for patients?
A season of knives
1994 IEEE conference record


AUSTIN, Texas (KTHV) — If you're cruising down Highway 304 and head just south of Bastrop, you'll probably pass by a quiet — and familiar — building.
The original 1974 film 'The Texas Chainsaw Massacre' was filmed at a gas station along the highway.
"We actually have a gas pump that every once in a while we take out…the Coca-Cola machine that's exactly the one from the movie, we take out," Manager Ben Hughes said.
"It's the same make, model, year, same color," Hughes said.
So far, it's been a big hit.
"If you're a fan of the movie to begin with, then coming out and actually getting to be in a place where it was, it really heightens it for you," Hughes said.
There's also a full patio and, sometimes, some movie nights.
Don't worry, they promise not to scare you.
"We want to make sure that everybody that comes out has a good time and not just freakin' out or anything like that," Hughes said.
Although the nostalgic site may seem a little spooky, they say it's been very welcoming to all visitors.


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Q: Alitum issues: Placed via/pads on PCB which is not in the schematic I have a big problem with Altium. To immune my board I want to place special VIA/Pads with hole on all the board (at the corner). I know this is possible with the tools "via stitching", but the tools doesn't work on my design (Altium PCB design: Vias stitching problem).
The idea is to place special EMC via on the board, but every time I update my PCB, all of my VIA are delete. Is there a possibility to tick an option for this component ? (I tried to change the type in "net tie " or "mechanical" but that doesn't work)
I don't want to place 50 specials via or emc schematic...

EDIT: A screen to show what I need to do: Three vias in triangle that will deacrese the impedance connection with the ground. On the screen I placed every signle VIA but it is very long and impossible to align with others..

Thanks for reading

A: You could:
Place the vias and lock the components (by checking the 'locked' box in the properties window with the PCB inspector) so the update won't change your vias.
Or you could change the DFM rules, (which I'm not too familiar with because I'm more of a schematics designer)
As far as alignment goes, use a grid or manually force one of the graphical locations (one row of vias has all the same X values, so you could align all of the X values by selecting a row and typing in and X value). I have used excel and copied in Y values with calculated offsets. With the PCB list its as simple as copying and pasting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Cannot access a certain URL, everything else works fine I've been experiencing a weird issue with my network. Everything worked fine until three days ago where, for no particular reason, I stopped having access to only one, certain website. This is the url of the site. Every time I try to access it I get an err_connection_timed_out. But, as my colleagues and the relevant sites inform me, this particular site is up and running. As I said, everything else works perfectly, except this site.
This problem is persistent throughout every browser, including my mobile phone. The steps I have taken so far:

*

*Cleared cookies and cache of every browser

*Rebooted PC, Mobile Phone and Router

*Changed my default DNS server to OpenDNS

*Tried reaching the DNS address of the site (http://212.111.43.11) to no avail

*Run the following commands:

ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /registerdns
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew

Also, when I run the nslookup command I get a weird response. First, let's examine the response of a "normal" website:

Now, the response I get when I nslookup this website:

Is this entry normal?
Also, this is the result of PATHPING:

The problem persists after all these steps. Indeed, if I try to access the site through my mobile phone using the data network (3G/4G) it works. Yet, when I switch to WiFi I get the stated above problem. The problem must be router related. I was certain that the DNS change would resolve it but alas.
What could be the cause of this problem and how can I resolve it?
My router is ZXV10 W300, if it makes any difference.

Interesting Findings:
So, after DavidPostill's answer I contacted my ISP. They provided me with an indirect solution. I changed my username in my router's settings from xxxx@otenet.gr to xxxx@ipv6ote.gr. This results to a different path when I type pathping and as a result I have access to the website.
The interesting part is the following: I googled the address that gets stuck (62.75.5.177) and I stumbled upon this link from a mailing list that suggests that we have a case of DNS poisoning. According to the mail:

"We suspect there is selective hijacking of this site going on. Of
  course, the man-in-the-middle happens only when an HTTP connection is
  used. When HTTPS is enforced, for example through HTTPS Everywhere,
  the connection is not possible in the man-in-the-middled networks and
  the connection is refused."

Of course, I informed my ISP about it.

A: I stopped having access to only one, certain website http://www.socomic.gr/

There is 100% packet loss between hops 5 and 6 in your pathping output.
This shows that there is a problem with the connection between  62.75.3.21 and 62.75.5.177 and your packets are not getting all the way to 212.111.43.11.
From https://whois.domaintools.com/62.75.3.21:
62.75.0.0 - 62.75.31.255 belongs to Greece Athens Oteglobe - Ote Global Solutions Sa

Only Oteglobe can fix this problem. An email to noc@oteglobe.gr may help get this fixed ...


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BBVA Spain
BBVA US
BBVA Mexico
Paystats Download
BBVA Demo
BBVA API_MarketResourcesNewsOpen banking, a path for your company's digital transformation
Powered by: BBVA Open4U
Open banking, a path for your company's digital transformation
Digital transformation, industry 4.0, involves a radical change in business organization and culture. The widespread use of connected devices and digital platforms and the large number of technology consumers have led to a boom in business opportunities. However, these opportunities have also become more transient and selective.
To win in this type of situation, businesses must undergo a major digital transformation. Spain is currently behind the Europe digitalization average, according to data supplied by Accenture and Mobile World Capital Barcelona in their latest joint report. The report also states that the Spanish GDP could increase by 42.6 billion euros (up by 3.6%) by 2021 if businesses were to accelerate their digital transformation. And APIs are the strategic levers which enable these opportunities.
These optimistic figures, the free-of-charge nature of many of the tools and the democratization of models such as open banking pave the way to digital transformation.
At the moment, it is primarily large businesses bringing this change closer. Their experience opens the door to capitalizing open banking as a catalyst for the digital transformation of businesses. By utilizing APIs, the banks moved to the center of a connected digital ecosystem where all kinds of businesses cooperate to create new and better applications with shared resources and knowledge.
From banks to SMEs and start-ups
Implementing an API strategy is not exclusive to large businesses or technology sectors. Any business may adopt it and benefit from all of its advantages. And there lies the magic. No matter how wide a target approach an API is designed with, business owners will be in the best position to conceive better applications. On January 20, Programmable Web listed 20,728 APIs with only 897 of them specific to the banking sector. From this, we can infer that these APIs can be the basis for countless possible combinations and new developments.
In fact, APIs bolster practically all modern digital transactions, from responding to emails to mobile shopping to logging a customer's interaction in a CRM system. The most frequently and efficiently used APIs in digital transformation are financial APIs. The most advanced SMEs have started by choosing all interfaces linked to trade, e.g. making payments via the POS without the POS and funding a customer's purchase from the POS. But there are others...
BBVA was one of the first companies to be fully aware of the depth of this change. The business joined this transformation by creating BBVA API Market, a platform on which it offers 18 financial APIs to help anyone who wishes to improve their products and services and to promote or create new business lines in three markets: Spain, USA and Mexico. They allow companies, start-ups and developers to launch new products and services by integrating financial services for BBVA customers into its applications, provided that they give their consent.
BBVA API Market features three levels: testing, basic and full. The available APIs include APIs focused on the customers' identity and their path of expenses; and APIs which analyze the customers' payment culture, explore higher levels of transfers, connect with China, collect and study aggregated data and send notifications in real time.
For example, PayStats leverages the bank's aggregate big data. From the analysis of this anonymous information, merchants discover their customers' shopping times, origin and preferences, among other data. Alipay enables Spanish establishments to offer this channel to Chinese tourists. Personal or retail banking APIs made it possible to access the data and operations of BBVA customers who have given their consent. Consequently, their experience is maximized and the conversion processes are boosted. Customers, Accounts, Cards, Payments, Loans and Notifications help to create added-value services for customers.
This cooperation between banks and start-ups via open banking has borne fruit, including Geoblink (specializing in geomarketing, it helps KFC, LA Tagliatella, Toyota, Klepierre or Eroski select the best site for their next store) and Simple (one of the top U.S. fintechs purchased by BBVA in 2014).
Aside from BBVA there are countless examples, and not all of them are financial, since they depend on an inexhaustible volume of resources which facilitate as wide a range of integrations as our imagination can devise: e-commerce platform hosting a marketplace, CRM, accounting or POS in a single solution.
Luiza department stores in Brazil opened their API platform to third parties while demanding that their sales went through Luiza's e-commerce platform. As a result, the business gained new customers at no cost while increasing its referrals to 35,000 in just a few months. During 1Q 2018 alone, the company grew by around 66% to 1.5 billion reais (351 million euros) despite Amazon's successful penetration into the region, as explained by Apigee Compass in The Digital Transformation Journey.
Like Luiza, there is an increasing number of businesses creating their own marketplaces. E-commerce APIs are used to automatically post their products in other markets and to direct customers to related shopping. Amazon
is one of the better known players.
As explained by Francisco González (former Chair) about BBVA's digital transformation, "the perceived leaders of digital transformation will have better growth and profitability outlooks, which will give them the technical and financial capacity to leverage the consolidation process by attracting talent, enhancing their reputation among their customers and suppliers, and increasing their share in a much wider and truly global market." And Francisco González is talking about a sector which resists change but has been able to harness its own depth to take this huge leap.
Are you interested in financial APIs? Discover all the APIs we can offer you at BBVA
Sign up to the BBVAOPEN4U newsletter and receive tips, tools and the most innovative events directly in your inbox.
I have read, I understand and accept the processing of personal data.
Advantages of using aggregated data APIs in your business
Banking as a Service and White Label Banking: when what's important is not the bank
The transformation of the banking sector is an unstoppable process. The provision of financial services is changing and becoming services and platforms which can host new channels, products, associations and opportunities. And it's here, at the core of this sectorial revolution, where Banking as a Service (BaaS) and White Label Banking play the key role.
Mobile payments, an increasingly more common shopping channel in Spain
The conditions imposed by PSD2 on third parties
Five interesting APIs for cryptocurrencies
The cryptocurrency boom is far from over, and developers have been hard at work creating robust application programming interfaces (APIs) to integrate existing software with new software based on cryptocurrencies.
APIs and media, an increasingly closer relationship
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text:
Islamists:
They Hate Zionism,
They Hate Imperialism,
They Hate Capitalism,
and the American Empire Hates Them
-- How Bad Can They Be?
by Elmer Swenson
So say a lot of leftists, in Europe especially where Left-Islamist cooperation is gaining ground -- to the alarm of conservatives like this secular Muslim quoted below.
... In Britain, the new Marxist-Islamist alliance is the offspring of the so-called anti-war coalition set up two years ago to prevent the liberation of Iraq. The coalition has a steering committee of 33 members. Of these, 18 come from various hard Left groups: communists, Trotskyites, Maoists, and Castroists. Three others belong to the radical wing of the Labor party. There are also eight radical Islamists. The remaining four are leftist ecologists known as Watermelons (Green outside, red inside). The chairman of the coalition is one Andrew Murray, a former employee of the Soviet Novosty Agency and leader of the British Communist Party. Co-chair is Muhammad Asalm Ijaz of the London Council of Mosques.
A prominent member is George Galloway, recently excluded from the Labor party, who is under investigation for the illegal receipt of funds from Saddam Hussein. Galloway heads a list of candidates backed by several radical leftist groups, notably the British Socialist Workers Party (SWP), as well as the Muslim Association of Britain, the British branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, and a dozen Palestinian groups financed by Yasser Arafat ... [from "Europe's Islamist Alliance," Amir Taheri, July 12, 2004 [1]
But there's another strain of thought that holds that the answer to the question above is Islamism can be "plenty bad" -- that the movement known as Islamism or "political Islam" [2] is a religious re-incarnation of 1930s-style Fascism with the same potential for oppression and bloodletting. British journalist/author Christopher Hitchens broke with the Left over the issue and now spends much of his time holding forth on how Leftists are fools and worse to make common cause with "Islamofascism".
The left apologizes for religious fanatics. The president fights them. ... From the first day of the immolation of the World Trade Center, right down to the present moment, a gallery of pseudointellectuals has been willing to represent the worst face of Islam as the voice of the oppressed. How can these people bear to reread their own propaganda? ....[from http://slate.msn.com/id/2109377/ )]
Sometimes forgotten in all this is the fact that Islamists and Leftists have been allies before [3] -- in an alliance so successful (for the Islamists) it led to one of the great revolutions of the 20th Century: the mass, popular 1979 revolution against the Shah of Iran that brought an Islamist regime to power, where it remains today.
So not only do Islamism and the Left have a track record of working together, there's also a two-decade history of "real, existing" Islamism to examine in Iran, and plenty of translated speeches and writings by the Iranian revolution's beloved leader/founder/theoretician (the Ayatollah Khomeini), to help explain it all. [4]
How does the Left's defense of Islamism pan out point-by-point when you compare 1930s Fascism with contemporary Islamism -- Islamism in the form of government policies and leader's pronouncements from the Islamic Republic of Iran?
Fascists believed in military aggression and expansion of their various "Reichs" and "Empires." The biggest and worst of these, the Nazi "Third Reich," was responsible for the bloodiest and most destructive war in human history. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a victim, not an aggressor.
The Islamic Republic hasn't expanded its borders -- but not for lack of trying. "Imam" Ayatollah Ruhallah Khomeini, the undisputed leader of the Iranian revolution and Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic until his death in 1989, was frank in his plans to unite with Iraq and the other Gulf states in an Islamic Republic. During the Iran-Iraq war he said
If the war continues and if in the war Iran defeats Iraq, Iraq will be annexed to Iran; that is, the nation of Iraq, the oppressed people of Iraq, will free themselves from the talons of the tyrannical clique and will link themselves with the Iranian nation. They will set up their own government according to their wishes -- an Islamic one. If Iran and Iraq can merge and be amalgamated, all the diminutive nations of the region will be joined. [Khomeini, 21 June 1982] [5]
There is good evidence the Islamic Republic was behind assorted terrorist kidnappings and killings in Lebanon in the 1980s, and bombings in Kuwait and Argentina in the 1980s and 90s. [6] http://216.26.163.62/2003/me_iran_11_07.html
Nor did Khomeini take a back seat to Fascists in his earlier writings about violent world conquest.
Islam makes it incumbent on all adult males, provided they are not disabled and incapacitated, to prepare themselves for the conquest of [other] countries so that the writ of Islam is obeyed in every country in the world. But those who study Islamic Holy War will understand why Islam wants to conquer the whole world ... Those who know nothing of Islam pretend that Islam counsels against war. Those [who say this] are witless. [Khomeini, circa 1942] [7]
Or love of war:
War is a blessing for the world and for every nation. It is Allah himself who commands men to wage war and to kill. The Qur'an commands: "Wage war until all corruption and all disobedience [of divine law] are wiped out!" [Khomeini, 12 December 1984.] [8]
Fascism and Islamism share a love of death. Spanish fascist general Mill?n Astray (who supported Hitler in hopes an Axis victory would lead to a new Spanish Empire in Africa) coined the slogan "Viva la Muerte!" (Long live death) [9] with its obvious and creepy similarities to comments like these by Khomeini
Dying does not mean nothingness: it is life. [10]
If you have any tie or link binding you to this world in love, try to sever it. This world, despite all its apparent splendor and charm, is too worthless to be loved ... What do you possess in this world that makes you so attached to it? [11]
The Islamist cult of the Istishhad ("self-martyrdom," usually expressed as suicide-homicide terror bombing), now in full flower in Palestine and Iraq, doesn't date from time of the Prophet and his companions but is a 20th Century phenomenon. It got its start with the legions of basij, Iranian children urged by Khomeini to volunteer for the Iran-Iraq War. They died by the thousands clearing Iraqi minefields, each with a wooden "key to paradise" hanging from their necks.
So, yes, the death toll from Islamist terrorism can't begin to compare with Nazi Germany's, but is it because of its gentle nature or its lack of means ... so far? Might not that death toll exceed Hitler's if radical Islamists got their hands on nuclear devices?
Fascists were sworn enemies of the Left, their movements dominated by the petit bourgeois, not the downtrodden. The Islamic Revolution was a popular, anti-Imperialist revolution. Islamists were champions of the poor and allies of the left there.
The original Iranian revolution that overthrew the Shah (February 1979) did have a broad nationalist/leftist/religious base. But as the months went by it was systematically thinned out by the Islamists. Political parties that did not support the concept of "rule by the jurist," i.e. by Khomeini, were driven from the political scene one by one.
The Islamic government banned dozens of periodicals, arrested political leaders, and shut down the country's universities (strongholds of the left) for two years; the Islamic thugs known as hezbollah attacked, beat and occasionally killed protestors, smashed news kiosks, looted bookstores, ransacked student offices. [12] Several thousand members of the strongest guerilla group, Islamic leftists known as Mohahedin-e Khalq, were executed.
A confident and energized movement of nationalists, socialists, students and workers was reduced within a few years to prisoners, exiles, and the demoralized and silent. [13]
This wasn't because Khomeini had a change of heart about his erstwhile allies. He told his followers what he thought of the Left before the revolution in a letter:
I hate and despise these treacherous groups, whether Communist, or Marxist, or those diverted from the Shi'i religion ... I consider them traitors to the country, to Islam and to the [Shi'i] faith. [14]
It's just that he didn't tell his leftist allies what he thought of them until the Shah was overthrown and he didn't need them any more.
I repeat for the last time: abstain from holding meetings, from blathering, from publishing protests. Otherwise I will break your teeth. (October 1979) [15]
Khomeini's hostility and the left's confusion weren't just a question of trickery. Khomeini regularly denounced imperialism -- unlike some other Islamists (see below) -- but he had different definition of it than the left. He didn't mean it in the general sense of any group subjugating or denying the right to self-determination to another. Western imperialism in Muslim lands was an abomination; but the other way around was not imperialism, it was a moral duty for Muslims (see quotes above). So, too, for conquered peoples to fight Western imperialism was to struggle against oppression, but for them to fight Islamic rule was wickedness. Arguing to the contrary was heresy.
As for what social class the Islamic Revolution represented, some scholars see it dominated by small business proprietors (or people who came from that family background) [16], much like the old Fascist parties. Others think the revolution's core support came more from those who had been "dislocated, dispossessed, and declassed," rather than any particular class, and that contrary to conventional wisdom, historical research now shows the same went for the Fascist groups of the 1930s. [17]
Fascists believed in inequality. Islam is about equality, about helping the poor.
Islamists believe in equality -- the equality of Muslim men, or at least of all "true" Muslim males. Like Fascists, they consider human equality or equal rights an alien concept. Amongst the legal inequalities institutionalized by the Islamic Revolution are ...
Women and non-Muslims are barred from holding the highest offices (Supreme leader, president or judge) in Iran.
Their testimony in a court of law is less than that of a Muslim.
The "blood money" (ad-Diyat)) paid for their death is less than that of a Muslim man.
A Muslim outranks a non-Muslim in Iranian inheritance law such that if a brother or even a cousin of a non-Muslim converts to Islam, that convert inherits everything from the non-Muslim's parents.
In one of his books of religious regulations, Supreme leader Khomeini lists the 11 impure substances Muslims must be wary of: urine, feces, pigs, dogs, blood, liquor ... and non-Muslims. [18]
In both the Islamic Republic and the Third Reich the head of state was not a president but the "leader" - rahbar in farsi and fuehrer in German -- chosen for life.
As for poverty, Khomeini certainly talked about the plight of the poor, but once in power didn't give particularly high priority to doing anything about poverty, as demonstrated by his exasperated remark to Iranians complaining of soaring food prices: `I cannot believe that the purpose of all these sacrifices was to have less expensive melons.`
-- Khomeini July 5, 1979 broadcast on National Voice of Iran. [19] (Melons were not the only foodstuff out of reach of the poor [20]
Despite its wealth of oil and natural gas, in the 25 years since the revolution not only has the Iranian standard of living dropped, [21] but inequality has gotten worse. [22]
Fascism was reactionary. Islamism, or at least the Iranian Revolution, was/is revolutionary.
The Iranian Islamists did proudly used the word revolutionary ... but then so did the Nazis and Fascists.
The Italian Fascists boasted of their `revolutionary intransigence,` and the Nazis contrasted their revolution, the revolution of the German Volk, to `the subhuman revolution` of 1789. Iran's revolutionaries similarly take great pride in the historic mission of the Islamic revolution. [23]
Fascists were totalitarian, controlling society with a ruling party and a network of secret police. Islamists are not.
Islamic Supreme leader Khomeini scoffed at the civil libertarian attitude of governments (i.e. secular governments) towards the average schlub ...
What he wants to do in the privacy of his homes, drinking wines .... gambling, or other such dirty deeds, the government has nothing to do with him. Only if he comes out screaming, then he would be prosecuted, because that disturbs the peace.
Islam and divine governments are not like that. These [governments] have commandments for everybody, everywhere, at any place, in any condition. If a person were to commit an immoral dirty deed right next to his house, Islamic governments have business with him.
has rules for every person, even before birth, before his marriage, until his marriages, pregnancy, birth, until upbringing of the child, the education of the adult, until puberty, youth, until old age, until death, into the grave, and beyond the grave. [24]
Like Saudi Arabia, the Islamic Republic has a religious morals police. They have the right to inspect homes to be sure immoral activities, like wine drinking, are not taking place (in recent years reports are these "guards" have pretty much given up on morality in favor of collecting bribes from Iranian party goers). [25]
Fascists were antisemetic. The Nazi fascists killed Jews by the millions. Islamists are not anti-Jewish but anti-Zionist.
Here's what supreme leader Khomeini had to say about the Jews:
We must protest and make the people aware that the Jews and their foreign backers are opposed to the very foundations of Islam and wish to establish Jewish domination throughout the world. Since they are a cunning and resourceful group of people, I fear that -- God forbid! -- they may one day achieve their goal, and that the apathy shown by some of us may allow a Jew to rule over us one day. [26]
The main victim singled out by the Islamic Revolution for special attention were not Jews but the Bahai, a group that fundamentalists like Khomeini considered apostates who must reconvert to traditional Islam or pay the ultimate price. [27]
Iran and other Muslim countries are part of the Third World, exploited by wealthy developed countries, especially the U.S.
So arguably were the Fascist states exploited by their wealthier neighbors. The biggest and worst Fascist country, Nazi Germany, was subject to occupation of its Ruhr industrial heartland and payment of $35 billion in reparations to allied victors France and the United Kingdom after World War I. Germans thought the reparations too large to be payable and the occupation harsh and oppressive, and so did many non-Germans. The post-World War I Weimar Republic of Germany was famous for its hyperinflation and economic meltdown, which made its people quite a bit poorer than its victorious enemies and sometime occupiers, France and UK. Traditionally Prussian Germany was poorer than its neighbor and enemy France, and it industrialized much later than its enemy Britain. [28]
Few political movements don't fight against exploitation and subjugation of their own people. What makes a movement progressive is opposition to exploitation of everyone.
Fascists aren't Religious. Islam is spiritual.
Actually many 1930s-era Fascist parties had close ties with clerics.
Spain's Falangists emphasized the struggle against the atheism of the left.
The nationalist authoritarian movement in the Slovak Republic (the People's Party) was established by a catholic priest (Father Hlinka) and presided over by another (Father Tiso).
The Fascist Ustasha movement in Croatia had strong religious (Catholic) overtones and clerics in positions of power.
The Fascist movement in Rumanian known as the Iron Guards, the Legion of Archangel Michael, invariably preceded its meetings with a church service and "their demonstrations were usually led by priests carrying icons and religious flags." Like Khomeini's Shi?a traditionalists, it promoted a cult of "suffering, sacrifice and martyrdom."
In Latin America the most important Fascist movement was Plinio Salgado's Brazilian "Integrationism." Built on a network of lay religious associations, its vision was of an "integral state," that `comes from Christ, is inspired in Christ, acts for Christ, and goes toward Christ.` [29]
It's important to consider that the alliance between the Left and Islamism in Iran, temporary though it was, was an aberration. In other places like Egypt (where Islamists drove leftists from university campuses) and Afghanistan (where mujahideen guerillas defeated the Soviet-backed government), the Left and Islamists were enemies from day one. That Islamists and the Left get along so well in Europe may be explained by their traveling in different worlds. If the left ever started to make significant inroads among immigrants from Morocco, Pakistan, Egypt, the peaceful relations could change in a hurry.
It's also important to bear in mind the Left's underestimation of Islamists in Iran was no aberration at all. Everyone seems to make that mistake. (How can you take seriously someone who proclaims: "For every problem Islam is the solution!") When talking about who his enemies were before he was overthrown, the Shah of Iran talked about communists and guerrillas but didn't even mention Islamic fundamentalists or Islamists. His feared SAVAK security force concentrated their persecution on the Left rather than Khomeini's network - the Coalition of Islamic Societies. [30]. In Egypt, Anwar Sadat used the Islamists of the Jama'at Islamiyya associations [31] to eliminate the student left. Israel famously cultivated the forerunner of Hamas as a competitor to Yassir Arafat's al Fatah movement [32] http://www.counterpunch.org/hanania01182003.html
All came to regret their decision, to put it mildly - the Shah driven to exile and an early grave, Sadat sparyed with bullets in his reviewing stand, Israelis being blown up by the hundreds.
It's not outlandish for Leftists, tired of being left out of the action, to have hopes in the back of their minds of converting young Islamists. Hopes that angry young Muslims will realize that "the solution" has to go beyond what can be found in a holy book and 1000-year-old collection of narratives, and that when these Muslims search for other more ... up-to-date strategies, they'll perhaps look to the movement that fights on behalf of Muslims against discrimination and Western exploitation -- i.e. from the Left.
For anyone harboring such hopes, it's important to hear what another extremely influential Islamist, Egyptian Sayyid Qutb, had to say. To Qutb, leftists are not unfamiliar, nor potential allies, nor simply misguided. They are "enemies of mankind" with whom no compromise is possible.
Islam ... is the only Divine way of life ... those who deviate from this system and want some other system, whether it be based on nationalism ... class struggle, or similar corrupt theories are truly enemies of mankind!
And their talk of fighting imperialist exploitation is nothing but a devious falsehood"
Enemies of the Believers may wish to change this struggle into an economic or political ... struggle so that the Believers become confused concerning the true nature of the struggle and the flame of belief in their hearts becomes extinguished... We see an example of this today in the attempts of Christendom to try to deceive us by distorting history and saying that the Crusades were a form of imperialism. The truth of the matter is that the latter-day imperialism is but a mask for the crusading spirit, since it is not possible for it to appear in its true form, as it was possible in the Middle Ages.... These treacherous deceivers are liars! [33]
Anyone finding this enmity suprising has only to go back to the `Islam is the solution` slogan above - it's not just simplistic, it's total. With the solution to every problem, there's no room for anyone else's -- in fact, no room for any other (as Sayyid Qutb says) "morals, manners, values, ... standards of the society, [or] aspects of knowledge ..." [34]
Yes, Islamists want to replace Zionism, imperialism, and capitalism, but not because the concepts violate human dignity, self-determination or rights, but because they violate God's, and must be replaced with God's rule, with (to repeat Khomeini) "commandments for everybody, everywhere, at any place, in any condition." [35]
In short, there is no room in the Islamist world for the Left for the same reason there is no room for Capitalism or Imperialism - it's not Islam.
Although Islamism's end goal is radical and austere in the extreme (no music, no mixing of the sexes, etc.), their strategy is often (if not always) gradualist. Islamists talk of being practical, working in stages, planning for the future. [36]
So when you hear talk about "social justice" or "freedom" or attacks on "anti-human" policies from Islamists, just think of it as stage one. To find out what happens a few stages on, ask Iranian leftists -- the ones still alive.
[1] Hitchen's article in Slate: "Bush's Secularist Triumph" by Christopher Hitchens
Some other examples of Islamist-Left support/cooperation/stupidity:
Ken Livingstone, aka "Red Ken", the Labor Party mayor of London.
"Muslim clerics: does Ken believe in killing gays?" New Statesman, July 19, 2004 by Peter Tatchell
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FQP/is_4697_133/ai_n6153613
Ward Churchill, academic badboy, provocateur and native wannabe in Colorado:
"`Some People Push Back,` On the Justice of Roosting Chickens" by Ward Churchill (Chair (now-ex-chair) of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado Boulder.
Excerpt: `.... Meet the "Terrorists ... Of the men who came, there are a few things demanding to be said ... following their successful operation on September 11.
They [the 9/11 terrorists] did not, for starters, "initiate" a war with the US, much less commit "the first acts of war of the new millennium."
A good case could be made that the war in which they were combatants has been waged more-or-less continuously by the "Christian West" - now proudly emblematized by the United States - against the "Islamic East" since the time of the First Crusade, about 1,000 years ago....
As to those in the World Trade Center . . . True enough, they were civilians of a sort. But innocent? Gimme a break. They formed a technocratic corps at the very heart of America's global financial empire ... If there was a better, more effective, ... penalty befitting their participation upon the little Eichmanns inhabiting the sterile sanctuary of the twin towers, I'd really be interested in hearing about it. ...
http://www.kersplebedeb.com/mystuff/s11/churchill.html
Roger Garaudy, French Communist author turned Muslim celebrity and Holocaust-denier.
"Roger Garaudy, Old Communist, New Muslim, Opportunistic Extremism" By Hooshang Vaziri
PARIS 17 MARCH [1998] (IPS) Roger Garaudy, a French philosopher formerly Communist turned Muslim was recently fined in a Paris Court to 120.000 French Francs [roughly $20,000] fine because in a recent book "Political Myths of the State of Israel", in which he contested the existence of gas chambers in Hitler's Germany as well as the number of the Jewish population eliminated by the Germans in different concentration camps and elsewhere.
".... At a time when to be communist was synonymous with being modern and progressive, Garaudy wrote a book called Communism and Resurgence Culture. When he had drunk deeply from this trough, another resurgence occurred, this time in Iran. Garaudy had been a welcome guest in Iran during the rule of the Shah and he carried a symbol of Iranian hospitality wherever he travelled in the form of a credit card with which he could make unlimited purchases", Vaziri recalls.
Then came the Islamic revolution. The Shah left and Garaudy became a Muslim. ...."
http://www.iran-press-service.com/articles/vaziri_garaudy.html
Ilich Ramirez Sanchez aka Carlos the Jackal terrorist, "professional revolutionary", and playboy.
"'Jackal' book praises Bin Laden"
news.bbc.co.uk (Last Updated: Thursday, 26 June, 2003)
`.... A convert to Islam since his imprisonment for three murders, Sanchez preaches "revolutionary Islam" - which is the title of his book - as the new, post-Communist answer to what he calls US "totalitarianism". ....
..... In the words of Sanchez himself: "From now on terrorism is going to be more or less a daily part of the landscape of your rotting democracies."
.... Revolutionary Islam, he argues, "attacks the ruling classes in order to achieve a more equitable redistribution of wealth" and Islam is the only "transnational force capable of standing up the enslavement of nations".
http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Carlos_the_Jackal
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3022358.stm
"THE AXIS OF TERROR, Carlos the Jackal pledges alliance to Osama bin Laden" by Amir Taheri, Weekly Standard, November 24, 2003
`.... One question worth exploring in all this is whether Carlos is really a Muslim. .... his knowledge of Islamic doctrine, theology, history, and political philosophy is almost nonexistent. He thinks the first four caliphs were members of a dynasty known as the "Rashidis," and he confuses Hajjaj Ibn Yussef, the brutal governor of Kufa, with Mansur al Hallaj, the mystic who was crucified for blasphemy.
http://www.benadorassociates.com/article/700
"How did the far Left manage to slip into bed with the Jew-hating Right?" David Aaronovitch June 28, 2005
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,22369-1671715,00.html
(More an article about the association of Leftist and Neo-Nazis in the service of "anti-zionism", than Leftists and Islamists.)
[2] "Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. It holds Islam is not only a religion, but also a political system that governs the legal, economic and social imperatives of the state.
The goal of Islamism is to re-shape the state ...."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism
[3] See the book Tell the American people : perspectives on the Iranian revolution / edited with introduction and chronology by David H. Albert. Movement for a New Society, 1980.) Also Michel Foucault's rapturous exposition on Ayatollah Khomeini's `political sprituality` (Eribon, Didier Michel Foucault, Paris 1989, pp.305-306) gave the revolution considerable support and enthusiasm.
One of the main rallying points of the Islamic revolution was also a long time cause celebre of the left - the 1953 overthrow by the CIA of Iranian Prime Minister Mossadegh (famed for his nationalization of the British Anglo-Iranian Oil Company) and the reinstallation by the U.S. of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.
[4] Quotations of Khomeini in this essay come primarily from Islam and Revolution : Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini, Translated and Annotated by Hamid Algar. Mizan Press, Berkeley, 1981
and from transcripts of Iranian broadcasts of Khomeini done by the FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE ( "... a United States government operation which translates the text of daily broadcasts, government statements, and select news stories from non-English sources around the world. One report with translations is issued for each of eight world regions for each day...." see: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/FBIS.html),
and used by various authors.
[5] Khomeini, 21 June 1982, [Iranian broadcast] in FBIS VIII, I 1-3, 22 June 1982. Quoted in Shahram Chubin and Charles Tripp, Iran and Iraq at War, Westview Press, 1988 p.164.
[6] How much of what Iran has done outside its borders is "exporting revolution" and fighting American hegmony and Zionism, and how much Islamist expansionism is open to interpretation. Most Lefties will approve of the help Iran gave Lebanon's Hezbollah in driving the Israeli army out of south Lebanon. Most won't approve of the (at least) 64 assassinations or attempted assassinations of Iranians abroad as of 1996. (The Iranians : Persia, Islam and the Soul of a Nation by Sandra Mackey, 1996. p.373)
Lebanon: The presence of Iranian Revolutionary Guards and Iranian aid in Lebanon built up the Shi'a Islamist group Hezbollah and made possible
a suicide bombing of the American Embassy (killing over 60, including all the CIA's Middle Eastern experts);
a bombing of the barracks of the US Marines peace-keeping mission (over 240 killed); and
the kidnapping of at least 87 foreigners, including 17 Americans, 14 Britons, 15 French, 7 Swiss and 7 West Germans, (at least 10 of these perished in captivity).
(Hezbollah : Born With a Vengeance by Hala Jaber. pp.82, 100, 113)
"Hezbollah financed its enterprises without any contributions from the official Lebanese authorities. None of its schemes would have been possible without the backing of Iran. ... `To deny the Iranian aid issued to Lebanon's Hezbollah would be like denying that the sun provides light to the earth. Who can deny such a thing?` says Sheikh Subhi Tufeili, Hezbollah's first leader. ... Hezbollah is coy about revealing the sums it has received from Iran. ... Reports have spoken of figures ranging from $5 to $10 million per month, but it is possible that Hezbollah received larger sums. It is only in recent years (after 1989) that Iran has decreased its aid."
(Hezbollah : Born With a Vengeance by Hala Jaber. p.150)
Kuwait: "On 12 December 1983, six weeks after the attacks on the multinational forces in Lebanon, a chain of explosions had rocked the Gulf state of Kuwait. Six key foreign and Kuwaiti installations were the targets in what might have been the worst terrorist attack of the century had the bombs' rigging not been faulty. Six people died and more that 80 were injured." .... Sheikh Jaber al Ahmad al Sabbah, the Emir of Kuwait, revealed that his government had been threatened with further terrorist attacks if the men were not released. Tehran Radio meanwhile broadcast regular warnings from the al-Dawa, threatening grave consequences should the defendants be harmed. (source: Hostage, by Con Coughlin pp.78-9) .... Six of the perps "were sentenced to death ... but the Emir of Kuwait did not sign their death sentence and the men were never executed." Famous hostage Terry Anderson was told that he and the other hostages had been abducted to gain the freedom of their seventeen comrades in Kuwait."
From: Hezbollah : Born with a Vengeance by Hala Jaber, c1997. p.127-129
Argentina: "A former Iranian secret service agent has accused Iran of planning a 1994 bomb attack on a Jewish cultural centre in the Argentine capital, Buenos Aires. `Witness C` told a Buenos Aires court via video-link from Germany that Iran attacked the centre thinking it was a base for the Israeli secret service.
More than 80 people died and 200 people were injured in the attack. ... "
From: "Iran blamed for Argentina bomb" BBC News
Last Updated: Thursday, 6 November, 2003, 00:22 GMT
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3245641.stm
[7] Kashf al-Asrar, aka Secrets Unvieled, by Ruhollah Khomeini, Qom 1986. (Originally published in Qom in 1942 and reprinted in Teheran in 1980 and 1983)] Translation quoted in: Amir Taheri, Holy Terror, London 1987, p.226-7.]
[8] From an address by Khomeini to fundamentalist militants from more than 30 countries gathered at his house in Jamaran Tehran on the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, 12 December 1984. Quoted in Holy Terror by Amir Taheri. p.113].
[9] `... Andr? Glucksmann: there is a direct connection between the Islamic suicide bomber and the general serving under Franco who shouted out in front of the University of Salamanca: `Long live death!` This is the connection that I was trying to grasp.
Liss Gehlen/Jens Heisterkamp: `Long live death!`?
Andr? Glucksmann: At the opening of the University of Salamanca, one General Mill?n Astray shouted `Viva la Morte`. Miguel de Unamuno, who was in charge of the occasion, was a conservative, the prot?g? of Franco?s wife, a philosopher of the right. He reproved the general for this impermissible, unacceptable statement, and added: `You, my general who has lost an eye in the war, are a handicapped man not because you have lost an eye but because you have shouted ?Long live death???.
It is precisely this slogan which you hear from Islamic suicide bombers .... `
from: ""Bin Laden, Dostoevsky and the reality principle: an interview with Andr? Glucksmann "
Open Democracy" | 31 - 3 - 2003 | Liss Gehlen/Jens Heisterkamp
Posted on 04/26/2003 8:32:19 AM PDT by Leisler http://209.157.64.200/focus/f-news/900806/posts
[General Astray] ... openly claimed that he wanted to establish a fascist government in Spain. At a speech in Salamanca on 12th October 1936 he told the audience: "Catalonia and the Basque Country are two cancers in the body of the nation! Fascism, Spain's remedy, comes to exterminate them, slicing healthy, living flesh like a scalpel."
During the Second World War Astray was a great supporter of Nazi Germany. He encouraged men to join the Blue Division that fought with the German Army on the Eastern Front. Astray hoped that an Axis victory would lead to a new Spanish Empire in Africa.
After the war Astray went into retirement. Mill?n Astray died of a heart-attack on 1st January 1954.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPastray.htm
[10] (Brumberg, p.125, source: `Khomeini Delivers Oration,` broadcast on Teheran Domestic Service 4 May 1979, FBIS-MEA-79-089, 7 May 1979)
[11] from Lectures on the Supreme Jihad by Ruhollah Khomeini, in Islam and Revolution translated by Hamid Algar, p.357
[12] Bakhash, Shaul The Reign of the Ayatollahs p.123
[13]Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah by Moin p.242, 278)
[14] Sahifeh-ye Nur, vol I, by Khomeini p.229. Quoted in The Ideological Foundations of the Islamic Revolution in Iran by Hamid Dabashi. New York University Press, New York and London, c1993. p.475
see also: "Message to Muslim Students in North America" by Khomeini, July 10, 1972. quoted in Islam and Revolution I, p.210
Imperialism of the left and imperialism of the right have joined hands in their efforts to annihilate the Muslim peoples and their countries; they have come together in order to enslave the Muslims peoples and plunder their abundant capital and natural resources."
[16] October 22, 1979, Qom, Iran, quoted The Shah and the Ayatollah : Iranian Mythology and Islamic Revolution by Fereydoun Hoveyda, 2003, p.88
[17] "The key social carrier of the Revolution thus seems to be a section of the petite bourgeoisie (sons and daughters of shop keepers, small merchants, and peasants) ..." Shi'ism, Resistance, and Revolution by Martin Kramer; "Repetitions in the Iranian Revolution" by Michael M.J. Fischer. p.122
see also Khomeinism : Essays on the Islamic Republic by Ervand Abrahamian, c1993.
[18] Turban for the Crown : The Islamic Revolution in Iran by Said Amir Arjomand Oxford University Press, 1988. p.197
[19] Resaleh Towzih al-Masael (Clarification of Questions) by Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini. Translated by J. Borujerdi with a Foreword by Michael M. J. Fischer and Mehdi Abedi. Westview Press/ Boulder and London c1984]
Admittedly, since Islamism's superior group was religious not ethnic, the inferiors could change their status join by converting - something the "undermench" could never do.
[20] "see the FBIS for typical broadcasts, especially GBIS-MEA-79-L30, July 5, 1979 v.5 n.130, reporting broadcasts of the National Voice of Iran. quoted in The Government of God p.111.
This point is also made in Hannah Arendt's Origin of Totalitarianism.
In another speech Khomeini patently explained to Iranians the foolishness of worrying about standards of living: `Does it seem reasonable for a person to shout for his stomach and them give up his life, is this reasonable? Could anyone which his child to be martyred to obtain a good house? This is not the issue. The issue is another world. Martyrdom is meant for another world. This is a marytdom sought by all of God's saints and prophets ... The people want this meaning.`
`Khomeini to the Craftsmen` broadcast on Teheran Domestic Service 13 December 1979, FBIS-MEA-79-242) (Quoted in Reinventing Khomeini : The Struggle for Reform in Iran by Daniel Brumberg, p.124-5
[21] Economist, Feb 14, 2004
[22] "The gap between the rich and the poor had, in fact, grown wider rather than been narrowed since the shah's ouster." In the Name of God : The Khomeini Decade by Robin Wright c1989. p.133
[23] Turban for the Crown : The Islamic Revolution in Iran by Said Amir Arjomand. p.204 (Arjomand cites authors Nolte 1969: p.281; Baechler 1975: 10 n.15, but I don't have complete names or titles.)
There's also the question of whether the Iranian revolution was a new, post-secular kind of revolution as some of its enthusiasts supposed. Mass upheavals by the lower classes, led by the religious were far from unprecedented ...
Generally speaking, the Islamic Revolution has this in common with peasant rebellions: it draws on corporate solidarities and communal and kin ties and consequently has many conservative and defensive features. In Mexico, there was the massive peasant rebellion of 1810 led by Father Hidalgo and Father Morelos, both parish priests. In the 1830s in Spain, we have the Carlists..." Turban for the Crown : The Islamic Revolution in Iran by Said Amir Arjomand. p.196.
[24] Statement to students in Najaf, 28 September 1977. Found in Khomeini, Sahifeh-ye Nur, vol.I p.234-235
[25] The Iranians : Persia, Islam and the Soul of a Nation by Sandra Mackey, 1996, p.371
[26] Islam and Revolution : Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini, Mizan Press, Berkeley, 1981. p.127,
[27] `The Bahais are not a religion but a secretive organization plotting to subvert the Islamic Republic.` (Speech by Khomeini quoted in Ettelaat, 29, May 1983. Quoted in Khomeinism : Essays on the Islamic Republic by Ervand Abrahamian c1993. p.124)
The situation of the Bahai's in Iran
Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, the Baha'i community there has been systematically harassed and persecuted. The Baha'i faith is not one of the religions recognised under the Constitution [Article 13 of the Constitution states: "Zoroastrians, Jewish and Christian Iranians are the only recognised religious minorities who, within the limits of the law are free to perform their religious rites and ceremonies and to act accordancing to their own canon in matters of personal afffairs and religous education".]. At least 201 have been executed, most during the 1980s and apparently in connection with their religious beliefs. Bahai's are not permitted to meet, to hold religious ceremonies or to practice their religion communally. Baha'i buildings, sites and centres have been confiscated and closed; private and business property of individual Baha'is has been confiscated, and Bahais have been dismissed from government posts and schools. ..."
From: Amnesty International "IRAN : Dhabihullah Mahrami: Prisoner of Conscience" 1 October 1996 http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE130341996?open&of=ENG-2D2
[28] A History of the Modern World, by R.R. Palmer and Joel Colton, 1971. p.824-825
[29] Turban for the Crown : The Islamic Revolution in Iran by Said Amir Arjomand. p.208-9
[30] The Spirit of Allah : Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution by Amir Taheri, c1985. p.186
".... A strong faction within SAVAK considered the hayats [Khomeini's network for Islamist propaganda and agitation in Iran] to be potential allies in the fight against both the Communist and the so-called Islamic Marxist guerrilla groups. The mullahs made ample use of this delusion on the part of some leading SAVAK policy makers to escape the worst effects of the SAVAK-led repression of the 1970s. Even during the revolution the mullahs succeeded in deceiving successive governments in general and SAVAK in particular by claiming that they shared the regime's anti-Communist sentiments ... "
see also: Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah by Baqer Moin, Thomas Dunne Books, c2000
[31] Le Prophete et Pharaon by Gilles Kepel, p.151)
[32] http://www.counterpunch.org/hanania01182003.html "Sharon's Terror Child : How the Likud Bloc Mid-wifed the Birth of Hamas" By RAY HANANIA].
[33] Milestones by Sayyid Qutb, p.51, 159-160)
[34] Statement to his students in Najaf, 28 September 1977. Found in Khomeini, Sahifeh-ye Nur, vol.I p.234-235) Quoted in: The Ideological Foundations of the Islamic Revolution in Iran by Hamid Dabashi; New York University Press, New York and London, c1993
See also Milestones by "There are many practical obstacles in establishing God's rule on earth, such as the power of the state, the social system and traditions and, in general, the whole human environment. Islam uses force only to remove these obstacles so that there may not remain any wall between Islam and individual human beings." The system of Islam "system extends into all aspects of life; it discusses all minor or major affairs of mankind; it orders man's life" [p.74, 32] [p.72]
[35] Milestones by Sayyid Qutb p.107
[36] Islamic Government Khomeini in Islam and Revolution translated by Hamid Algar p.132-3.
Milestones by Sayyid Qutb. p.102 [e.g.: Islam "does not face practical problems with abstract theories, nor does it confront various stages with unchangeable means." p.56 ]
Abrahamian, Ervand Khomeinism : Essays on the Islamic Republic
Arjomand, Said Amir The Turban for the Crown : the Islamic Revolution in Iran by Oxford University Press, 1988
Bakhash, Shaul, The Reign of the Ayatollahs : Iran and the Islamic Revolution by New York, Basic Books, 1984
Benard, Cheryl and Zalmay Khalizad, "The Government of God" : Iran's Islamic Republic Columbia University Press 1984.
Chubin, Shahram, Iran and Iraq at War, by Shahram Chubin and Charles Tripp, Westview Press, 1988
Hoveyda, Fereydoun The Shah and the Ayatollah : Iranian Mythology and Islamic Revolution by 2003
Iran at the Crossroads Edited by John Esposito and R.K. Ramazani
Jaber, Hala, Hezbollah : Born With a Vengeance by Hala Jaber.
Khomeini, Ruhollah, Kashf al-Asrar, (Secrets Unvieled), Qom 1986. (Originally published in Qom in 1942 and reprinted in Teheran in 1980 and 1983)]
Khomeini, Ruhollah, Lectures on the Supreme Jihad in Islam and Revolution translated by Hamid Algar
Khomenei, Ruhollah, Islamic Government, Guardianship of the Jurists, 1970 (pagination is from Islam and Revolution : Writings and Declarations of Imam Khomeini)
Khomeini, Ruhollah, Towzih al-Masa'el (Questions Clarified), 1961
Kepel, Gilles, Le Prophete et Pharaon
Mackey, Sandra, The Iranians : Persia, Islam and the Soul of a Nation by 1996
Moin, Baqer, Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah by Thomas Dunne Books, c2000
Palmer, R.R. A History of the Modern World, by R.R. Palmer and Joel Colton, 1971.
Qutb, Sayyid, Milestones, The Mother Mosque Foundation, 1981
Schirazi, Asghar, The Constitution of Iran by Tauris, 1997
Sciolino, Elaine, Persian Mirrors : the Elusive Face of Iran by c2000
Tell the American people : perspectives on the Iranian revolution / edited with introduction and chronology by David H. Albert. Movement for a New Society, 1980.
Taheri, Amir The Spirit of Allah : Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution, c1985.
Wright, Robin, The Last Revolution c2000,
Wright, Robin, In the Name of God,


Adoption of the Cloud from consumers is taking a bit longer than expected: First of all, in the past few years ago, when Google launched various apps (e.g. GMail, Docs, Calendar, Spreadsheet) together with Android, it was clear that the strategy is that people will access data and applications from the Internet through a browser and gradually, people will shift from desktop to the mobile phone (which is called the 4th screen by Nokia which gives the power of portability and access to content from the Internet). The mobile phone was the device which Google bet on that it will sidestep Microsoft (given Windows CE does not go well with phones except HTC devices). Despite the rumors of a Google OS were circulating around, Google has proved resilient to make that announcement time and time again until now. What is different in today's world that Google would have revisited their strategy a few years ago? One clear argument is that the adoption of the Google Office Applications (Documents, Spreadsheets and Presentations) is slow. The reason why it is slow goes in two perspectives: (i) if I am a consumer who writes a document, I am worried about security even though if there is a collaborative perspective towards it, (ii) in the enterprise perspective, most companies will be resistant to have their data sitting on another server and naturally, it will slow down adoption since ultimately, Google will need the enterprise market and the consumer market to move towards the cloud. People are moving towards the Cloud, but the rate of that is not fast enough. So, they need an operating system.
Android is facing stiff competition from Symbian, iPhone OS and many other competitors: The problem is just not with the users' adoption with the cloud. In the mobile phone OS space, Android is facing serious competition from iPhone OS (Apple), Symbian (Nokia Smartphones) and Web OS (Palm Pre). The contest in the mobile-web space between several mobile operating systems is heating up. Most developers are in the iPhone OS and Symbian space, and with Nokia pushing their applications via the Ovi Store and their inherent competitive advantage with their handsets, Google Android is at the mercy of the handsets from several vendors. Although the number of android apps are growing, the pace of development is still far slower as compared to the iTunes Apps Store.
Take one step down and we have the OS and focus on Netbooks: Given the adoption of cloud is slow and the competition faced by Android, Google need to re-align her strategy. Here are the options they can choose: (i) they create their hardware and forget about the mobile phone vendors and computers, for e.g. they can go the Apple way with phones and operating system, (ii) they continue to do hard sell of Google Apps to the enterprise and consumer sector but it takes time for market adoption, or the last option, (iii) Google's strength is in software, why not create an OS and compete for the desktop and laptop space where Microsoft is still dominant in the PC market. In effect, Google Chrome OS strategy will not pose a major threat to Mac OS X and Linux. By targeting specifically to the netbooks space, they are going for emerging markets and given their brand and innovative software development, they can give Microsoft a hard time in the PC space.
Under all these circumstances, it is not surprising that Google is taking the step to challenge Microsoft in the space of netbooks. In fact, they can team up with the OLPC project and make it really hard for Windows to penetrate into the emerging economies.
 Google Operating System: Google Chrome Operating System.
 TechCrunch: Google Drops A Nuclear Bomb On Microsoft. And It's Made of Chrome.
 The Next Web: Prediction: Google and Apple go to War.
 The Economist: Google vs Microsoft – Clash of the Titans.
 Ars Technica: Google's Chrome OS: what it means, why it matters.
 ZDNet: No thanks Google, we've got Ubuntu.
 Neowin: Microsoft set to respond to Google OS Next Monday?


text:
Tonight's the Night is the sixth studio album by Canadian / American songwriter Neil Young. It was recorded in August–September 1973, mostly on August 26, but its release was delayed until June 1975. It peaked at No. 25 on the Billboard 200. In 2003, the album was ranked number 331 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, moving up to number 330 in the list's 2012 edition and climbing further to number 302 in the 2020 update. The album is the third and final of the so-called "Ditch Trilogy" of albums that Young released following the major success of 1972's Harvest, whereupon the scope of his success and acclaim became so difficult for Young to handle that he subsequently experienced alienation from his music and career.

Content
Tonight's the Night is a direct expression of grief. Crazy Horse guitarist Danny Whitten and Young's friend and roadie Bruce Berry had both died of drug overdoses in the months before the songs were written. The title track mentions Berry by name, while Whitten's guitar and vocal work highlight "Come on Baby Let's Go Downtown"; the latter was recorded live in 1970. The song would later appear, unedited, on a live album from the same concerts, Live at the Fillmore East, with Whitten credited as the sole author.

Fans have long speculated that an alternate version of Tonight's the Night exists. Neil Young's father, Scott Young, wrote of it in his memoir, Neil and Me:
Ten years after the original recording, David Briggs and I talked about Tonight's the Night, on which he had shared the producer credit with Neil. At home a couple of weeks earlier he had come across the original tape, the one that wasn't put out. "I want to tell you, it is a handful. It is unrelenting. There is no relief in it at all. It does not release you for one second. It's like some guy having you by the throat from the first note, and all the way to the end." After all the real smooth stuff Neil had been doing, David felt most critics and others simply failed to read what they should have into Tonight's the Night – that it was an artist making a giant growth step. Neil came in during this conversation, which was in his living room. When David stopped Neil said, "You've got that original? I thought it was lost. I've never been able to find it. We'll bring it out someday, that original."The band assembled for the album was known as The Santa Monica Flyers. It consisted of Young, Ben Keith, Nils Lofgren, and the Crazy Horse rhythm section of Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina. One track as stated above was taken from recordings of an earlier tour with Crazy Horse, and another from an earlier session with his band for Harvest, The Stray Gators.

Liner notes
Included with the early original vinyl releases of Tonight's the Night is a cryptic message written by Young: "I'm sorry. You don't know these people. This means nothing to you."

On the front of the insert is a letter to a character called "Waterface"; scratched into the run-out grooves on side one is the message "Hello Waterface" while the run-out grooves on side two read "Goodbye Waterface". No explanation is given to this person's identity. In Jimmy McDonough's Shakey, Young says that "Waterface is the person writing the letter. When I read the letter, I'm Waterface. It's just a stupid thing—a suicide note without the suicide." The picture of Roy Orbison in the insert is taken from a bootleg tape Young came across and, feeling bad that Orbison most likely did not know the bootleg existed, printed it in the insert for him to see.

The back of the insert has some text superimposed over the credits to Young's On the Beach album, released a year earlier. This text is reportedly the lyrics to a Homegrown-era unreleased song titled "Florida", characterized by McDonough as "a cockamamie spoken-word dream, set to the shrieking accompaniment of either Young or [Ben] Keith drawing a wet finger around the rim of a glass."

When unfolded, a whole side of the insert features a lengthy article printed entirely in Dutch. It is a review of a Tonight's the Night live show by Dutch journalist Constant Meijers for the Dutch rock music magazine Muziekkrant OOR. In 1976 Young said he chose to print it "Because I didn't understand any of it myself, and when someone is so sickened and fucked up as I was then, everything's in Dutch anyway." Meijers later spent a week at Young's ranch in California: during this visit, Young explained that he chose the article after some Dutch girls who were visiting him translated the story and made him aware of the fact "that someone on the other end of the world exactly understood what he was trying to say."

The Reprise Records label on the vinyl copy was printed in black and white rather than  the standard orange color, a process Young undertook again on the CD label art for 1994's Sleeps with Angels. Early editions of the sleeve were made on blotter paper.

In Shakey, Young maintains that along with the inserts there was a small package of glitter inside the sleeve that was meant to fall out ("our Bowie statement"), spilling when the listener took the record out. However, neither McDonough nor Young archivist Joel Bernstein have yet found a copy of Tonight's the Night featuring the glitter package.

Critical reception

Dave Marsh wrote in the original Rolling Stone review:

In a follow-up review published in the 1983 edition of The New Rolling Stone Record Guide, Marsh writes:

Chris Fallon of PopMatters said, "Tonight's the Night is that one rare record I will never tire of."

Track listing
All songs written by Neil Young, except where noted.

Personnel
 Neil Young – vocals; guitar on "World on a String", "Come On Baby Let's Go Downtown", "Mellow My Mind", "Roll Another Number", "Albuquerque", "New Mama", "Lookout Joe", and "Tired Eyes"; piano on "Tonight's the Night", "Speakin' Out", and "Borrowed Tune"; harmonica on "World on a String", "Borrowed Tune", and "Mellow My Mind"; vibes on "New Mama"
 Ben Keith – pedal steel guitar, vocal on "Tonight's the Night", "Speakin' Out", "Roll Another Number", "Albuquerque", and "Tired Eyes"; pedal steel guitar on "World on a String" and "Mellow My Mind"; vocal on "New Mama"; slide guitar, vocal on "Lookout Joe"
 Nils Lofgren – piano on "World on a String", "Mellow My Mind", "Roll Another Number", "Albuquerque", "New Mama", and "Tired Eyes"; vocal on "Roll Another Number", "Albuquerque", and "Tired Eyes"; guitar on "Tonight's the Night" and "Speakin' Out"
 Danny Whitten – vocal, electric guitar on "Come On Baby Let's Go Downtown"
 Jack Nitzsche – electric piano on "Come On Baby Let's Go Downtown"; piano on "Lookout Joe"
 Billy Talbot – bass all tracks except "Borrowed Tune", "New Mama", and "Lookout Joe"
 Tim Drummond – bass on "Lookout Joe"
 Ralph Molina – drums, vocal all tracks except "Borrowed Tune" and "Lookout Joe"
 Kenny Buttrey – drums on "Lookout Joe"
 George Whitsell – vocal on "New Mama"

Charts

Year End Album Charts

Certifications

Covers
In 2018, Australian singer-songwriter Emma Swift covered "Mellow My Mind" on a split 7-inch single with Pony Boy (the recording pseudonym of Los Angeles singer-songwriter Marchelle Bradanini), on which both musicians covered Neil Young songs.
The British band Simply Red has also recorded "Mellow My Mind" in a jazz arrangement.

Vermont band Phish has covered "Albuquerque" 16 times.

References

External links
 Lyrics at HyperRust.org
 Liner Notes also at HyperRust.org

 Tonight's the Night at Myspace (streamed copy where licensed)

Album chart usages for Canada
Album chart usages for Netherlands
Album chart usages for UK2
Album chart usages for Billboard200
1975 albums
Neil Young albums
Albums produced by David Briggs (producer)
Reprise Records albums
Albums produced by Neil Young
Albums produced by Elliot Mazer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Last year, my wife and I made the very difficult decision to uproot our family and move to Charlottesville, VA. To be more specific, we moved to Albemarle County Public Schools. A lot went into this decision to change jobs, change the kids' schools, sell our house and build a new one. The driving reason for this change was to get into a school district that embraced what I felt was a crucial philosophy of educational reform.
I wanted to be a part of this philosophy and more importantly, I wanted my kids to experience and benefit from the educational movement.
What is this movement I speak of?
As a teacher, I want my students to be involved in the learning process. To be more clear, I don't want them to sit back and simply receive information that they can regurgitate later for a test. They need to collect as many EXPERIENCES as possible so they can form their own knowledge and viewpoints.
I want them to dive in and construct their learning through real world experiences.
I want them to form questions based on discussions and curiosity. These questions will create experiences that allow students to form strategies towards answering their questions.
I want each experience to motivate students to work collaboratively and constantly question their methods and results.
I want them to experience roadblocks. That will cause students to reexamine their process and develop new paths and strategies towards the solution.
In short, rather than simply sitting back and receiving information from a teacher, they drive the process and learn HOW TO LEARN.
Within these practices there lies an intentional effort to focus on a couple of key strategies. These two strategies are critical to the constructivist learner.
TEACHERS give the steps for a project vs having kids develop the steps.
TEACHERS provide the driving questions vs having the kids formulate the questions.
TEACHERS use their creativity to design a project's outcome vs allowing a student to creatively design their final product.
In other words, we get in the way of natural learning experiences by creating the process for students vs having the students be a part of the process.
When Teachers dictate the process, we rob students of so many powerful opportunities to drive their own learning. We rob them of the ability to constantly foster their creative mindset. We rob them of the natural collaboration experiences that come with working together to find their process. We rob them of the ability to construct their own processes based on previous learning experiences.
In developing a constructivist learning environment, a teacher needs to cultivate the power of the process. Our role shifts from deliverer of information and knowledge to facilitator of experiences.
When STUDENTS develop their own driving questions they become empowered in the learning process.
When STUDENTS collaborate and develop strategies they become empowered in the learning process.
When STUDENTS' plans fail and they regroup, they become empowered in the learning process.
Let's find the strength to get out of the way. When we do so, we allow authentic learning to take place and our STUDENTS will see the value in the process.
A successful constructivist learning environment is all about authenticity. We automatically get a higher level of student buy-in when a task or project is real-world and authentic. As a general rule, when experiences don't cause student's to ask, "When will I ever need to know this?" the experience is so much more engaging.
In a lot of classrooms, we sell the experience short by only setting up authentic problems. After we set-up the authentic problem, we jump back into teacher-led solution scenarios.
We need to let the authentic learning kick-in. The process of getting to the solution is the key. You might be surprised to find that students will come up with solutions, or paths to solutions, that you never even thought of! This is where student-led learning grows. This is where we let kids LEARN HOW TO LEARN.
Let students construct their learning through trial and error.
Let collaboration skills grow by facilitating brainstorm sessions that lead to debates about strategies.
Let the power of constant student reflection be a valuable tool in problem solving.
Let whole group reflections and feedback occur that allows students to construct an evolving belief in what it means to solve problems.
Let the authentic experience remain authentic all the way through to the end.
For most of us, the Constructivist culture sounds great in theory, but what does it actually look like in our classrooms? We can weave a Constructivist Environment into nearly everything we do. It starts with simply adjusting our mindset during the planning process. Instead of creating every project, activity or assignment from beginning to end, define a backbone of expectations and let your students fill in the rest. You will guide them along the way, but they will be in the driver's seat.
Do you need to teach about profit and loss? Don't just show them a chart and explain how it works. Have them develop and promote their own bake sale. Let them experience the decision making that needs to take place. Promote reflection during and after the process..
How about a lesson on the assembly line? Let them decompose the actual physical object to learn how it was built. Now, have them develop an assembly line process for building that object. Let them experience the process to construct their own learning. Even better, if time allows, make this project about their own invention rather than decomposing an already existing object.
As the Constructivist learning environment spreads throughout the country, we will see more engaged learners and more classrooms that support real student growth.
Students will be equipped with the ability to KNOW HOW TO LEARN.
Students will be empowered in their learning process and make decisions that guide their growth.
Students will develop a problem-solver mentality and embrace feedback and reflection.
Collaboration will take on a much bigger meaning then simply getting into groups.
I encourage all of us to take the great things we already do to a whole new level. Develop a constructivist culture in your classroom and school that promotes authentic learning and problem solving. Demonstrate that you value the learning process as much, if not more, than just the result.
I would love to hear your beliefs and feedback pertaining to this post. Please subscribe below to get all of my posts. Go back and check out my original post, Something's Missing where I kick off a series involving the C words that are missing in our students. Check out some of my other C Posts, Communication, Confidence, Connection, and Catalyst. I greatly value all opinions and arguments. Engage in the comments and help continue this discussion. I look forward to what you all have to say.


text:
DISA claims lead in defense IT
Defense Information Systems Agency Web site
"DISA reshuffles the deck"
As the transformation of the Defense Department's communications and information technology moves forward, the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks, Information and Integration could take a back seat to the Defense Information Systems Agency, according to one of DOD's top information technology officials.
"Last year, we were more front and center in the vision business," said Priscilla Guthrie, DOD's deputy chief information officer, speaking at the Telestrategies Federal Networks 2004 conference. "But this is DISA's year. DISA will take the lead, and DISA has got to make this work."
Transforming the department's communications and data networks is the IT cornerstone of DOD's modernization efforts. Projects such as the Joint Tactical Radio System, Network Centric Enterprise Services, and the Global Information Grid — Bandwidth Expansion are in progress, and DISA is taking the lead on the rollout.
Part of DISA's expanding role was announced late last year, when DISA Director Air Force Lt. Gen. Harry Raduege announced the agency would restructure to better align with DOD's emerging transformation and network-centric goals. Earlier this month, Army Maj. Gen. Marilyn Quagliotti, DISA's vice director, announced the agency is launching an office to oversee some of DOD's joint IT acquisitions.
"We've learned that we need to adjust our organization to take into account the new challenges ahead," Quagliotti said before a House Armed Services subcommittee. "One of those, we think, is the ability for the department to have a joint acquisition organization. As a result of lessons we've learned and direction from our civilian leadership, we are reorganizing to establish a joint acquisition organization as part of our agency."
In late September, Raduege announced DISA was reorganizing itself to better align with network-centric goals.
"We will now have an organizational structure that positions us to be the Department of Defense's provider of end-to-end global net-centric solutions," Raduege said.


Call us old fashioned, but when it comes to shotgunning a brew, we've been using the same method since high school. But this new novelty device could completely change the way things are done and also pays homage to one of your favorite Marvel characters. We present to you The Wolverine.
This brilliant shotgunning device was devised by a group of 24 entrepreneurs in Vancouver, who came up with the idea after a few cases of beer one evening.
A KickStarter campaign has been launched to fund the device, and while the makers were $1,000 or so away from their goal of $3,737, we still have high hopes for this product.
The Wolverine makes a perfect claw mark in your beer can, and its creators say it's the gnarliest way to shotgun a beer while impressing your friends. From what we've seen, we have to agree.
Hopefully they still find a way to get this out to the public, because we would buy it in a heartbeat.