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India's Modi appeals for calm as riot toll in capital rises to 24
By Devjyot Ghoshal, Manoj Kumar
NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi appealed for peace in Delhi on Wednesday after days of Hindu-Muslim clashes over a disputed new citizenship law sparked some of the worst sectarian violence seen in the capital in decades.
At least 24 people were killed and hundreds more wounded in the riots, according to hospital officials, with many suffering gunshot wounds, amid incidents of stone-pelting, arson and looting that coincided with U.S. President Donald Trump's first visit to India.
Police and paramilitary forces patrolled the streets in far greater numbers on Wednesday, and swathes of the riot-hit areas were deserted.
"Peace and harmony are central to our ethos. I appeal to my sisters and brothers of Delhi to maintain peace and brotherhood at all times," Modi said in a tweet.
Modi's appeal came after criticism from opposition parties over the government's failure to control the violence, despite the use of tear gas, pellets and smoke grenades.
Sonia Gandhi, president of the opposition Congress party, called for the resignation of Home Minister Amit Shah, who is directly responsible for law and order in the capital.
The violence erupted between thousands demonstrating for and against the new legislation passed by Modi's Hindu nationalist government.
The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) makes it easier for non-Muslims from some neighbouring Muslim-dominated countries to gain Indian citizenship.
Critics say the law is biased against Muslims and undermines India's secular constitution. Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party has denied having any bias against India's 180 million plus Muslims.
On Wednesday, the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) said it was alarmed by the violence and it urged the Indian government "to rein in mobs and protect religious minorities and others who have been targeted".
Separately, the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi urged its citizens on Wednesday to be cautious following disturbances.
Reuters witnesses saw mobs wielding sticks and pipes walking down streets in parts of northeast Delhi on Tuesday, amid arson attacks and pillaging. Thick clouds of black smoke billowed from a tyre market that was set ablaze.
In northeast Delhi's Brijpuri district, where Hindus and Muslims live in densely-packed houses separated by narrow lanes, parts of a mosque lay charred and an adjoining anti-government protest site lay in rubble and burnt.
A first-aid post near the mosque stood smashed to bits, and the inside of the mosque was scorched, with melted fans hanging from the ceiling and molten prayer mats fused to the floor.
"The police should have protected both sides, but they only helped one side," local resident Mohammad Arif said.
Both sides appeared involved in the violence, however, and there were both Hindu and Muslim victims being treated for injuries in a local hospital.
At Arun Modern Public School, a few houses down from the mosque, entire classrooms were burnt and on the street outside, desks pulled out from classrooms lay strewn on the road.
"A Muslim mob of several hundred broke in and ransacked the school," said Pawan Kumar, a guard at the school.
A nearby building owned by a Hindu was still smouldering.
"If the police hadn't come, we wouldn't have survived," said Sudama, a Hindu resident.
Deaths during India's citizenship protests
Reporting by Devjyot Ghoshal and Manoj Kumar with additional reporting by Aftab Ahmed, Danish Siddiqui and Zeba Siddiqui; Writing by Euan Rocha; Editing by Simon Cameron-Moore, Raju Gopalakrishnan and Mark Heinrich


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Meta, Amazon, Apple, Netflix и Google (MAANG) это дальнейшее расширение сокращения MANG (которое изначально не включало Apple), являющееся как акронимом, так и модным словом для оказания впечатления на инвесторов, популяризованное Джимом Крамером из программы Mad Money на CNBC и другими комментаторами, чтобы объединить на сегодняшний день высокопроизводительные технологичные компании, включённые в списки на NASDAQ.

История
Хотя термин относится к пяти (или четырём) из этих технологических компаний, в настоящее время он обычно используется для обозначения сектора технологий и сектора предметов роскоши, состоящих из высокоторгуемых растущих акций американских технологических и технологизируемых (tech-enabled) компаний в последние годы. Подобная перспектива рынка демонстрирует огромное влияние, с соразмерными прибылью или потерями. Мнения разделились по поводу того, является ли это явление показательным для технологического пузыря, или долгосрочного устойчивого роста этих технологических компаний.

В 2017 году Межконтинентальная биржа, посредством NYSE, создала индекс для этого понятия и расширила FANG понятиями Twitter, Nvidia, Tesla и акциями BAT, китайскими аналогами: Baidu, Alibaba и Tencent. Инвестиционные аналитики часто сравнивали MAANG, противопоставляя акциям BAT, или ставя их в один ряд, из-за аналогичного уровня роста последних на китайском фондовом рынке.

Существуют активно управляемые ETF этих фондов, основанных на индексах. На текущий момент времени ETF может и не владеть всеми предполагаемыми акциями технологических компаний. ETF, известный под тикером FNG, распродал акции Facebook во время скандала с Cambridge Analytica, но также сбросил активы Apple в ожидании увеличения прибыли.

См. также
 Фондовый индекс
 Большая детройтская тройка
 GAFAM

Ссылки

Внешние ссылки
 NYFANG на NYSE

Финансовые рынки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


SJM Industrial Radio has partnered with many of the leading communications manufacturers in the world. Our partners include the following companies.
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Currently Western Fairs serves more than 800 members, representing fair-related businesses, fair management, fair board directors, festivals and industry associations. This membership is represented by a 21-member elected board of directors that governs the activities and policies of the association.


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Our teas are always sourced from the highest quality organic and/or wild harvested ingredients, and are hand-blended with your health and well being in mind. Our detox and healing teas are formulated based on the recommendations of 'Spirit' and Anthony William, in his best selling books Medical Medium: Secrets Behind Chronic and Mystery Illness and How to Finally Heal, Life Changing Foods: Save Yourself and the Ones You Love with the Hidden Healing Powers of Fruits & Vegetables, Thyroid Healing: the Truth Behind Hashimoto's, Graves', Insomnia, Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Nodules & Epstein-Barr, and Medical Medium: Liver Rescue - Answers To Eczema, Psoriasis, Diabetes, Strep, Acne, Gout, Bloating, Gallstones, Adrenal Stress, Fatigue, Fatty Liver, Weight Issues, SIBO & Autoimmune Disease. Our teas are always sourced from trusted suppliers who are committed to the health of their customers. Spirit Healing Tea is an independent tea merchant that values the wisdom of Medical Medium, but is not sponsored, affiliated, or endorsed by Anthony William or Anthony William, Inc. Scroll to read my personal story.
My own healing journey has been long and arduous, but I'm finally at a point where I can see the light at the end of the tunnel. I still have a long way to go, but I've come to realize that I'm not on this journey alone. There are so many who share a similar story to mine.
Reading Medical Medium and following the protocols Anthony outlines in his books and on www.MedicalMedium.com has made all the difference to my personal healing path and my life. Looking back to when I was consumed by 'mystery illness' and all the puzzling symptoms that went along with it, I remember how some days were so hard to face. I know from personal experience, how even the simplest daily chore can fill you with hopelessness, let alone the unknown of what is really going on in your body, or what the future may bring.
From this mindset, I founded Spirit Healing Tea as a way to make your healing journey easier. Learning from the Medical Medium changed my outlook on life so completely, that my compassion quickly turned into a new passion — to do what I can to not only spread the word and be helpful to others by sharing my story, but to provide an easily accessible high quality product that is ready to support and rid your bodies of toxins.
Healing takes time, but when we're all in this together we CAN heal, and that makes all the difference to my own spirit.
We blend passion and quality to create convenient healing.


Introduction to Mineral Processing - Chevron Phillips Chemical. The process of froth flotation entails crushing and grinding the ore to a fine size. .
Cadmium Ore Iron - Stone Crushing Plant, Case for Grinding . cadmium iron ore mining - witneyfmsg.org.uk. Red river brings cancer, Chinese villagers say - CNN.
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Speaking - What's Your Financial Gameplan?What's Your Financial Gameplan?
I'm an experienced Finance Speaker and Workshop Host.
I have spoken at a number of events, which include speaking in Colleges, Universities, Churches and the local Community. On each occasions I either spoke on Finances or delivered Finance Seminars and workshops. I have been privileged to appear on national TV and Radio shows in the UK and abroad.
As a qualified Accountant with over fourteen years' experience and an avid 'student' for many years of world financial news, economics and investing, I am well versed in the area of finance.
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I can tailor my talks to both small, medium and large audiences. For fees and availability click the the button below to contact me.


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Taxi Driver dislodges Battleship Island from top of Korean box office
Taxi Driver took the No. 1 spot on its opening day on August 2, selling 698,090 tickets and earning US$4.53 million.
By Jon Maala
August 3, 2017 15:08 +08
Song Kang-ho in 'A Taxi Driver' (KOFIC/Showbox)
A movie about a 1980 uprising dislodged the blockbuster film "The Battleship Island" from the top of the Korean box office.
"A Taxi Driver" took the No. 1 spot on its opening day on August 2, selling 698,090 tickets and earning US$4.53 million, according to the Korean Film Council (KOFIC). Its revenue share for the day was 53.36 percent compared to "The Battleship Island" which had 19.04 percent.
The film stars Korean actor Song Kang-ho and German actor Thomas Kretschmann about the Gwangju Uprising which happened in Gwangju, South Korea from May 18 to 27, 1980.
In the movie, Song Kang-ho plays taxi driver Kim Man-seob who takes Peter, a German journalist, from Seoul to Gwangju. Peter's character is based on the life of journalist Jürgen Hinzpeter who covered the Gwangju Uprising. It also stars Korean actors Yoo Hae-jin and Ryu Jun-yeol.
According to Yonhap News, "A Taxi Driver" breached the one million audience mark at 11:45 AM Korea time on Aug. 3.
The Gwangju Uprising was about street protests by Koreans against the government in 1980 that resulted in the death of 200 people.
Despite being No. 2, "The Battleship Island" has emerged as one of the top films this year in Korea.
The film, starring Song Joong-ki, So Ji-sub and Hwang Jung-min, has already earned US$35 million and reached 5 million in total admission on Aug. 2. It depicts Koreans who were forced by Japan to work in labor camps in Hashima Island during World War II when South Korea was under Japanese rule.
According to KOFIC and distributor Showbox, "A Taxi Driver" will premiere in North America on Aug. 11 and then in Australia and New Zealand on Aug. 24. This will be followed by screenings in Asia in September.
The film garnered interest when it was screened at the Cannes Film Market last May.
Drama 'Man Who Dies to Live' tops popularity index despite backlash
Ko So-young on her comeback TV drama project, raising a family

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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DouxMatok gears up for US launch, tests next-generation enhanced sugar using fiber as a carrier
By Elaine Watson contact
06-Aug-2020 - Last updated on 06-Aug-2020 at 15:54 GMT
DouxMatok CEO Eran Baniel: 'In a couple of months we'll be piloting the second generation DouxMatok...'
Related tags: DouxMatok, sugar-reduction, Sugar
DouxMatok, the Israeli firm behind patented technology that makes sugar taste sweeter, has struck a deal with a North American sugar refiner to manufacture commercial quantities of its 'enhanced' sugar, with the first products containing the sugar likely to hit the US market in Q1, 2021.
The firm – which struck a deal in 2018 with Südzucker to manufacture its sugar in Europe – said the deal with its North American partner would likely be announced in October.
Next-generation version of the technology uses a fiber as the carrier instead of silica
Founded in 2014 by Eran Baniel using technology developed by his father (who worked as a consultant with Tate & Lyle to develop sucralose), DouxMatok uses an inert mineral particle (silica) as a carrier for sugar molecules.
The sucrose molecules surround and coat the silica particle to form structures that human taste receptors perceive to be sweeter than a comparable amount of sugar in free unassociated form – enabling sugar reductions of up to 60%, depending on the application, although typical reductions range from 35-50%.
When DouxMatok sugar is consumed, the sucrose is metabolized as normal and the silica* (which is tasteless, odorless and calorie-free) passes through the body and is excreted.
However, a next-generation version of the technology using a more consumer-friendly fiber as the carrier is coming soon, revealed Baniel.
"In a couple of months we'll be piloting the second generation DouxMatok, which is totally clean label," he told FoodNavigator-USA.
"It's not been made public yet but I can say the carrier is a fiber. And it's actually slightly more effective than silica in certain applications."
Looks, tastes, and behaves like sugar
While DouxMatok sugar doesn't work its magic in beverages or applications with high water activity (sugar is water soluble so the above-described structure breaks down) it's attractive to product developers because it performs (you can freeze it, heat it, bake it) - and tastes – just like regular sugar.
It can also be listed as 'sugar' on the ingredients list (the silica serves as an incidental additive in the US and does not have to be included on labels, although firms may wish to reference it in the interests of transparency), said Baniel.
"We're working on trying to find a version of DouxMatok that would work or be protected in high water activity products, but we're not there yet."
Application opportunities
DouxMatok has had particular success in chocolate, chocolate spreads, baked goods and soft confectionery such as vitamin gummies, said Baniel.
As less sugar is required to deliver the same sweetness, formulators typically have to add bulking agents, so working with CPG partners to formulate clean label products that really deliver on a sensory and nutritional front has been key in recent months, he said.
"You need to come up with a system, so there's a minus [less sugar], but you also have to have a plus. Are you bringing in more plant-based protein, more fiber, for example? You can't just cut the sugar and expect a miracle to happen, so we've used the last few months to grow our applications team."
COVID-19 has in some respects increased pressure on firms to reduce sugar in processed foods, as people dealing with obesity are at higher risk from complications from the virus, he said.
However, many consumers initially responded by eating more junk food to deal with the stress and anxiety of the lockdown and resulting economic pressures: "There's a disconnect there."
*Silica is a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) food additive that is widely used in the food industry as everything from an anti-caking agent to an emulsifier (currently the FDA permits the use of silicon dioxide at up to 2% by weight of a food).
©Gettyimages/CherriesJD
DouxMatok was founded in 2014 by Eran Baniel. His father, Avraham Baniel, who worked as a consultant with Tate & Lyle to develop sucralose, came up with the technology underpinning DouxMatok (which means 'double sweet' in French and Hebrew) in his nineties.
Related topics: Manufacturers, Suppliers, Markets, R&D, People, Bakery, Confectionery, Healthy Foods, Prepared Foods, Snacks, Clean label, The obesity problem, Trendspotter, Natural sweeteners, Health & Wellness, Carbohydrates and fibers (sugar, starches), Sweeteners (intense, bulk, polyols), COVID-19
DouxMatok & Blommer Chocolate bring 'game changing' portfolio of sugar-reduced chocolate to US
Sugar reduction reformulation progress: 77% of Canadian food and beverage products saw no changes in sugar levels over 4-year period
GUEST ARTICLE: Reduced sugar beverages see pockets of growth, but trend towards naturally sugar-free cannot be beat
Nestlé Pure Life addresses kids' hydration needs with Fruity Water lineup: 'We have the water credentials'
How to Make Plant-Based Better for You
SweeGen | 24-Jan-2023 | Technical / White Paper
Plant-based food and beverage sales are booming, thanks to a growing desire among consumers for healthier food options, with sugar among the top ingredients...
Solutions for Navigating Starch Supply Challenges
CP Kelco | 29-Nov-2022 | Technical / White Paper
Starch is relied on for thickening, water-holding or moisture control, texture, and mouthfeel, so replacing it can be a challenge.
Pectin's "a-peeling" future
Cargill | 28-Nov-2022 | Technical / White Paper
Familiar, plant-based, highly functional… today's pectin ticks off a lot of boxes for consumers and product developers alike. Learn how this humble...
Reducing sugars, not functionality.
ADM | 27-Oct-2022 | Case Study
Consumers seeking a strong vitamin regimen worry about higher sugar content from their supplements. Solutions like SweetRight® Reduced Sugar Syrups ensure...
Samyang Corporation | SweeGen
By T. Hasegawa USA Have your cake and eat it, too – How innovations in flavor science and technology are serving-up healthier desserts and confections
By INGIA BIO Smart meets sweet: biotech advancements in sugar reduction and replacement solutions


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Buses Replace Ronkonkoma Trains
Starting tomorrow, Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) customers using the Ronkonkoma line need to be aware that buses will replace trains east of Farmingdale for the next 2 weekends. This is due to track and switch surfacing in the Deer Park area along with the Wellwood Avenue grade crossing in Wyandanch being renewed. Here are the complete details courtesy of a press release sent to me a couple of days ago:
Train service on the MTA Long Island Rail Road's Ronkonkoma Branch will be affected by track-related programs on two Saturdays, July 11 and July 18. Between 12:45 AM on Saturday and 12:40 AM on Sunday, both weekends, customers traveling east of Farmingdale will take buses for part of their trips. Local trains will operate normally between Ronkonkoma and Greenport.
On July 11, track and switch surfacing will be performed in the Deer Park area and the Wellwood Avenue grade crossing in Wyandanch will be renewed. On July 18, track work will be performed in the Wyandanch, Deer Park and Central Islip areas and the 18th Street grade crossing in Wyandanch will be renewed.
Eastbound:
Customers for stations Pinelawn through Ronkonkoma will board buses at Hicksville to complete their trips. Customers should anticipate increased travel times of up to 23 minutes.
Westbound:
Customers from stations Ronkonkoma through Pinelawn will board buses at their station then transfer to trains at Hicksville to complete their trips. Customers should expect increased travel time of up to 50 minutes.
East of Ronkonkoma Service
Customers traveling to stations east of Ronkonkoma to Greenport will board express buses at Hicksville for stations Medford through Greenport. Customers should expect increased travel time of up to 30 minutes.
Customers traveling from stations Greenport through Medford will board trains at their stations and transfer to local and express buses at Ronkonkoma then transfer to trains at Hicksville to complete their trips. Customers should expect increased travel time up to 50 minutes.
Well I will definitely be avoiding this mess. Thank heavens for Babylon service or being able to drive.
Construction, LIRR


Description: This course is an overview for students wishing to become more aware of animal sciences with emphasis on physiology and anatomy. The semester will cover diseases and parasites, nutrition, anatomy, reproduction, artificial insemination, selecting and breeding, and waste ecology. This course is recognized by Broken Bow as a science credit class.
Comments: Can obtain 3 hours college credit through Mid Plains that transfers to UNL. Contact Lonnie Koepke for additional information and class space.
LMS instructions: Is a CASE Animal Science class with LabQuest equipment used. (Providing availability) Lab supplies will be offered at costs. Will offer AGRI 1015 through Mid Plains for 3 hours credit. Recognized as a science credit through Broken Bow Schools.


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12 Christmas Movies That Aren't Technically Christmas Movies
By Mariah Cooper
Move over, Home Alone! There's no shortage of films to watch over the Christmas season, but there are more movies to add to the queue beyond It's a Wonderful Life, Miracle on 34th Street or A Christmas Story.
Die Hard is the quintessential film that wasn't considered a Christmas classic at first. However, some fans count the 1988 thriller among their favorite holiday flicks.
In the film, New York City cop John McClane (Bruce Willis) reunites with his estranged wife (Bonnie Bedelia) in Los Angeles at her office's Christmas Eve party. John must rescue the employees after a gang of terrorists take them hostage.
Despite the setting, Willis declared that Die Hard "is not a Christmas movie," during his Comedy Central roast in July 2018.
Die Hard director John McTiernan might not have intended for the action film to become a Christmas classic. Author Larry Taylor detailed McTiernan's initial intentions for the movie in his book John McTiernan: Rise and Fall of An Action Movie Icon.
"He didn't consciously make it a Christmas movie, but he made sure to weave certain elements of it into the tapestry of the film," Taylor explained. "It would keep the holiday season right behind the action, and it would help alleviate some of the stress of the intense action."
Die Hard producer Joel Silver also made Lethal Weapon, which is another thriller set during the holiday season, one year earlier. Steven de Souza, who penned Die Hard's original script, revealed in December 2017 that the Christmas backdrops were intentionally used in both films.
"The Christmas setting is in the source novel, Nothing Lasts Forever, by Roderick Thorpe," De Souza told Dazed at the time. "One of our producers, Joel Silver, had made Lethal Weapon the previous year, which was also set during the holiday, and he had decided he liked all his movies to take place at Christmas, as they would then very likely be played on television every December, and we would all get residual checks. Obviously, he was right!"
Lethal Weapon follows two cops — played by Mel Gibson and Danny Glover — at odds with each other over the holidays. In November 2017, Gibson joked with E! News "how big it was in the '80s to set films with a Christmas backdrop."
The actor added that directors at the time would quip, "Set it at Christmas! Lots of snow, funny little songs, music to kill by, you know?"
Scroll down tosee more Christmas movies that aren't technically Christmas movies.
Listen to Watch With Us to hear more about your favorite shows and for the latest TV news!


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Indiana Pacers' Second-Round Pick Discovers He Is Distant Cousin Of Paul George
By: ThePostGame Staff
Joe Young's joining the Indiana Pacers doesn't only represent a dream come true; it is also a family reunion.
Young, the former Oregon Ducks guard whom the Pacers selected in the second round of last week's NBA draft, recently discovered he is a distant cousin of Indiana star Paul George.
Young's maternal fourth great-grandmother was Olympe Donato, whose twin sister was Merice Donato. Merice is George's paternal fourth great-grandmother. Olympe and Merice were slaves in Opelousas, La., in the 1800s.
"It's just crazy," Young said of the connection. "It's all the way back."
The link was discovered by Alex Da'Paul Lee, another distant cousin of both Young and George. Lee specializes in genealogy -- his Twitter handle is @AlexGenealogy -- and after the Pacers picked Young, Lee called Young's mom to inform her of the connection.
According to sources, Paul George and I are related. Truly blessed to be in the Pacers' Family. pic.twitter.com/8EKf7NfZGV
— Joe Young (@JoeyBuckets3) June 29, 2015
Merice Donato, George's ancestor, died at a young age, Lee said. So Young's ancestor, Olympe, raised Merice's kids.
"To see descendants of each twin reconnected on the same NBA team 167 years later is amazing," Lee told the Indianapolis Star.
Via Lee's Facebook page, here's the story of the Donato twins:
I would first like to congratulate my Cousin Joseph M. Young for signing up with the Indiana Pacers. It is good to see...
Posted by Alex Genealogy on Sunday, June 28, 2015
The connection isn't the only part of Young's background that interests Pacers fans. Young's father, Michael, played collegiately at Houston and was a member of the Phi Slama Jama teams of the 1980s.
More: Giannis Antetokounmpo And His Brother Played Pickup Basketball In Athens
Don Nelson Explains His Marijuana Farming Techniques
Larry Bird Lists Indiana Mansion With Court For Basketball And Tennis At $2.35M
Elena Delle Donne's Special Connection With Developmentally Disabled Sister
Haywoode Workman's Unlikely Journey From NBA Player To NBA Referee
Basketball, Houston Cougars, Indiana Pacers, Joe Young, NBA, NBA Draft, Oregon Ducks, Paul George, Phi Slama Jama, Twitter


Yao Guai Meat is a food item found in Fallout 3. It can be obtained by killing a Yao Guai. It will restore some of your Hit Points and increase the amount of damage you do, but also gives you a small amount of radiation.
The increased damage effect cannot be stacked to increase past 10%. However, eating multiple pieces will increase the length of the effect.
Yao Guai Meat can be purchased from Hunters, and is not addictive.
Using Yao Guai Meat in conjunction with Psycho makes your increased damage effect to 35%. An extremely deadly combination with any weapon.
Italics denote drugs and edibles available through add-ons.
This article uses material from the "Yao Guai Meat" article on the Fallout wiki at Wikia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike License.


The Inner Dance process begins with our power to perceive reality as it is - as a Wholeness. Through expanded states of consciousness, we explore perceptive fields of observation and collective attributes of the mind that connect reality through the truth of nature as energy, vibratory expression and fluid meaning. The Inner Dance process peels away layers of limitation and stagnation that build up over time, through traumatic experiences, or within deeply rooted conditionings. We then see what is beneath all the systems of thought that veil the actual consciousness of our hearts as this process of Trust takes us to inner spaces of intuition and choice where shadows and unknowns unfold and the essence of Being emerges.


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The Jeová Rafá Theological Institute (Portuguese: Instituto Teológico Jeová Rafá) is an independent non-denominational institution of higher education in Itapipoca, Ceará State (CE), in northeast Brazil. It is one of a significant number of Evangelical Christian educational institutions in Brazil offering theological qualifications primarily by distance learning. The institute offers online courses ranging from foundation, bachelors, masters, to doctoral degrees.

History and accreditation
The Jeová Rafá Theological Institute, also known as ITEF, was founded in 2015 and is currently led by its director, Rev'd Dr Clesilvio de Castro Sousa. Its qualifications are recognised under Brazilian law as "free" (exempt) courses (or cursos livres in Portuguese) not requiring specific recognition by the MEC (Ministério da Educação), the Brazilian Ministry of Education. The laws regulating cursos livres apply to a wide range of vocational and distance learning courses. Examples include courses for languages, security, and IT. In the case of courses designated for the exercise of religious ministry and religious education the exempt qualifications are defined by the legal term interna corporis, or for 'in-house' use within a social entity, such as a church or seminary.

References

Higher education in Brazil
Universities in Brazil
Protestantism in Brazil


and especially dear) in all things.
Who cares if you're respected by thousands?
Who cares if you're helping hundreds of people?
Who cares if you're working extremely effectively?
Who cares if you're feeling so fulfilled by what you do?
Who cares if you're experiencing unexplainable momentum?
You may have won a few battles, but you've lost the war.


SHIMLA- Himachal Pradesh Government, including the tenure of both major political parties, has achieved milestones in development of Himachal Pradesh but just in papers for decades. Everything is fit and fine from the perspective of the government and Himachal is the most prosperous State of India.
Recently, Himachal Pradesh Government organized a workshop in collaboration with Korea Green Growth Trust Fund (KGGTE). The Urban Development, HP Public Works Department and Environment, Science and Technology Department claimed their achievements in the workshop. Claims made by the Urban Development, Housing and Town and Country Planning Minister Sudhir Sharma were the main attraction at the workshop.
The quality of service and corruption in HPPWD isn't hidden from anyone. The condition of roads is miserable even in the core city area of capital Shimla. The Chief Minister himself had labeled the department as the worst performer and hub of corruption. So, what sort of achievements did HPPWD claim?
In papers, the government claims excellence in the field of solid waste management, public transport, urban management, road constructions and maintenance. Well, in reality, the administration in capital city couldn't even run a solid waste management plant and sending its daily waste to Chandigarh for treatment or is being piled up on landfills.
The government claims that Himachal Pradesh would utilize the global experience of Korea and World Bank for the solutions in areas like solid waste management, public transport, urban management, road constructions and maintenances etc.
Now, in this workshop, The Urban Development, Housing and Town and Country Planning Minister Sudhir Sharma was luring public by assuring assistance from Korea in achieving green and inclusive development. The minister claims that the State Government would work on the analogy of Korean model for developing Shimla, Dharamshala city as a smart cities and streamlining the traffic problems of the Shimla city.
To the World Bank and the Development Policy Loan of the World Bank, state claims implementation of critical structural and administrative reforms necessary to achieve rapid inclusive economic growth and development.
He went on boasting that Himachal Pradesh had surpassed various other States of the country in many sectors because of good co-ordination and commitment of the administrative machinery and the State leadership. For the government, the State had emerged as one of the States with the best human development outcomes.
In reality, the government departments of Himachal are highly callous toward their duty. For instance, the HP Pollution Control Board, HP Traffic Police, and RTO claim that they are not responsible for checking vehicular pollution. Most of the buses of Himachal Pradesh Road Corporation are visibly polluting due to lack of maintenance.
Recently, government had invited people to come forward to get their illegal structures legalize by paying a nominal fee. The decision sounds absurd considering the fact that the government never bothered to check illegal construction in first place. When the condition went out of control, the government decided to legalize them. This will benefit contactors and politicians who have erected illegal structure by bypassing the rules and regulations.
But, in the workshop, the government claimed that the State's top priority is to check haphazard and unplanned growth of these areas and to provide best infrastructural and public services like housing, sanitation, disposal of solid wastes, transport, water, health and education etc.
Rationing of water in Shimla, deadly jaundice outbreak in Shimla, and the recovery of Yug Gupta's remains from IPH water tank in Shimla aptly demonstrated how committed the State government is about providing clean and sufficient water to public.
The government further patted its back for initiative towards green growth, the state government had imposed complete ban on green felling, use of polythene, plastic bags, cups and plates besides smoking in public places. Himachal was the first State in the country to initiate green forest accounting.
In reality, the plastic is still used in some places of Himachal, illegal tree felling is regular, and littering is only getting worse in the State. In capital, the administration doesn't have provided basic facilities like toilets and dustbins at some of the most crowded bus stops and people urinate in open and dispose of waste in open.
The ministers and other government representatives present in the workshop repeated same old statements about exchange of knowledge through workshop to find effective solutions in various issues the State was grappling with.
Concerned departments, which aren't at all concerned about sustainability or preservation of ecology, would learn about green technologies and make appropriate adjustments in the development policies, claims government.
The Korean experience of application of ICT interventions would further contribute to achieve better standards of administrative efficiency, transparency and citizen delivery, said the government as part of impressive press note.
While the government and local bodies are still practicing open burning of daily garbage and vehicular pollution is going completely unchecked, the ministers claimed that the State was also looking forward in the areas of use of green construction technology in road sector, use of ICT applications to achieve green growth and the concept of green smart city development with the participation of citizens.
Additional Chief Secretary, Finance Dr. Shrikant Baldi believes that Himachal Pradesh had done remarkable job in green growth initiative and by the end of year 2020, the State would achieve the carbon neutrality target.
The conclusion is that the State is doing excellent job in files and papers and is likely to continue the same trend with dedication. Therefore, it is very important for public to beware of such statements that appear in newspapers and try to compare declaration of achievements by the government and reality.


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For-Profit Nursing Homes Had Less Severe Lockdowns, Lower Fatality Rates During Pandemic
A new paper from Mercatus shows how profit motive helped some nursing homes navigate COVID-19 better than others.
Eric Boehm | 1.25.2023 11:35 AM
(Jens Kalaene/dpa/picture-alliance/Newscom)
Nursing homes operating as for-profit enterprises generally implemented less severe lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic than their nonprofit and government-run counterparts.
Doing so may have saved lives.
A working paper published Wednesday by the Mercatus Center at George Mason University finds that the number of visits to for-profit nursing homes declined less dramatically and rebounded more quickly than at other facilities with different management structures. Vitor Melo, the paper's author, argues that profit motive likely nudged managers at for-profit nursing homes to make decisions that better balanced the needs of staff and residents.
"Restrictive isolation measures present a trade-off for residents," writes Melo. "These measures benefit residents by decreasing their chances of getting and dying from COVID-19. But they impose high costs on residents by preventing them from being with their families and friends, which negatively affects their mental health and can potentially expedite death from other causes."
By comparison, he writes, nonprofit and government-run facilities may have been more likely to prioritize the interests of staff, for whom intensive lockdowns carried less of a cost since they could leave at the end of their shifts, go home, and see loved ones.
Nursing homes were in many ways ground zero of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the vulnerability of residents and the degree of control that could be exercised by staff and management. Many of the worst outbreaks during the early stages of the pandemic were in nursing homes, and more than one-third of all COVID-related deaths in the United States during the first year of the pandemic occurred in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities.
Protecting residents from COVID was therefore an important objective for nursing home managers, but Melo's paper makes the case that extended periods of isolation came with other potentially deadlier tradeoffs. Melo's statistical model shows that between June 2020 and March 2022, not-for-profit nursing homes had fewer COVID deaths but an overall higher fatality rate than for-profit nursing homes during the same period.
"If not-for-profit nursing homes implemented more restrictive isolation measures, these policies are likely to increase rates of depression and mental illnesses, as well as the rate of health deterioration of residents with brain-related diseases such as dementia," he writes. "Thus, nursing homes with more restrictive isolation measures are expected to have more non-COVID deaths even after these measures end."
"The increase in non-COVID deaths caused by more restrictive isolation measures," Melo concludes, "outweighed the decrease in COVID-19 deaths associated with those measures."
Because their residents were, in effect, paying customers, for-profit nursing homes had to take into account how their policies would deter or attract future customers. Nonprofits and government-run facilities could discount those concerns more easily, which took the financial sting out of extended lockdowns but may have led to worse outcomes for their residents in the long run.
Melo's paper suggests that patients in general might be better served if there's a larger profit motive to guide health care providers' decision making—even when there isn't a pandemic happening.
NEXT: DOJ Antitrust Suit Seeks To End Google Ad Dominance. The Market Is Already Taking Care of That.
Free MarketsCoronavirusHealth CareLockdownsResearch


text:
import Oasis from "oasis";

var LifecycleService = Oasis.Service.extend({
  events: {
    activated: function() {
      this.sandbox.activateDefered.resolve();
    }
  }
});

export default LifecycleService;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Beth Konkoski
"Take care of it," he said, not looking up from his newspaper. At the sink, her hands loose in the steaming dishwater, she had not known she would accuse him. It had never happened before. "You could at least be there." When he stood, he didn't look in her direction; instead he rolled down each sleeve and rebuttoned the cuffs of his work shirt, precision and luxury, like a surgeon. Allen on the patch sewn to his pocket, right below Jiffylube, and she remembered hanging all five of his shirts Sunday morning, on the line he had rigged between the back step and the garage. Her grandmother had tried to teach her the importance of hanging a "good wash." Essentials: match socks, gather colors near one another, all dishcloths together. Caroline had never paid attention, tossing the wet mess of shirts across the rope and moving on, assuming she brought other talents, other precision to relationships. But she suspected her grandmother, dead almost ten years, would disagree.
Allen returned after two. She was awake and unsure if it felt better with him again in the house, but he did not step down the hall to their room. In the morning she found hundred dollar bills on the table without a note; he knew she would follow through, end it like she had two times before. But the money was untouched that evening when he returned, expecting dinner.
"I made myself clear."
She closed the refrigerator door, held onto the handle a moment before she turned.
"I know. I just can't." If he had lunged, she would have known how to react, but he walked around the table like he was coming to hug her or catch her for dance steps as he had done so many nights before. When his hands reached her throat and she felt her head hit the refrigerator door, it was a surprise. The calluses on his palms scratched the skin of her neck. She could see lines of tension across his forehead, down the sides of his mouth, but his eyes were glassed, distant, how he looked when they made love. Shoving her knee into his groin, she tried to search his eyes, finding only empty puddles. He went down with a small scream. And she ran. Two steps away she heard the noise of the hamburgers she had been frying and reached back to click off the burner. He was still on the linoleum, huddled and moaning with a quiet, steady cadence. She ran to the lettuce field. Her breathing slowed as she started down a row with the smell of earth and all those small, growing heads of green. This had been a place for her to walk from the first night they lived in the small house near the edge of Brewer's Farm. Allen had warned her she was trespassing, but nobody had ever bothered with her, a woman moving slowly between the rows of growing things; she never stole anything or touched the plants, just watched as they worked their way up through the soil and grew until their leaves brushed her ankles as she passed.
Dark was near and the harvesting trucks were only a hundred feet away when she looked up from her feet and the endless spots of fading green in measured space around her. A truck larger than a pick-up with wooden slats for sides moved slowly down her row. She heard the dusty footfalls of men ending their workday. They shuffled on either side of the truck, the sheen of their knives barely visible, a silver flash in the small space of moon, like the snapping of a photo, then black again and the smack of a lettuce head dropped on the pile. Watching the silhouette of their movements, the space of their bodies a slight twist darker than the night, she thought of a puppet show, marionettes on the strings of God. How she hated the sense of everyone dancing, always dancing to some tune that could change in an instant. And then she tripped.
Smashing into the ground, she smelled earth, wet like raw meat. Her ankle hurt. She did not cry out, but patted the ground around her in a circle, searching for whatever made her fall. It was cool and round; she felt ridges as she grasped it, pulled herself to sitting and then cradled it in her arms. Iceberg lettuce, the size of a baby's head; it must have fallen from the truck and been left behind. Brushing the dirt away, she worked her careful fingers along each wrinkle until she found the stem where it once connected to its roots and the earth.
Allen was not coming after her. It was the first thought of him she had allowed herself since moving into the rows. The tears no longer mattered, and she did not try to control her blurred vision as she sat rocking in the middle of the field. It would only have taken him a few minutes to stow his things. While she was too far away to hear the slam of his trunk, she imagined it, along with the red certainty of tail lights. Had he glanced in the rear view mirror? Was she worth that much after the four years they had shared? Being left was a thing she knew, a familiar pulse: one side of the bed undisturbed, a stillness leading to endless time in her head. Once the first days of paralysis passed, she would eat tomato soup at the stove or tuna fish straight from the can, no more evening meals of baked chicken and steamed broccoli, no more vegetables at all. She knew about meals for one.
Now the dirt felt cool as she dug into its thick, royal composition, its stillness and trust. She shifted onto her knees, urgent, afraid to stop; she flung the clumps behind her, then placed the head of lettuce in the hole her hands had made. She scrambled dirt up and around it, mounding, desperate. It was important to leave this tiny head safely back in the dirt, no matter what else happened. It belonged there; she felt comforted by this rescue. A clunk of metal and the creak of wheels sounded on her left. Voices too, calling near the end of the row. With a sputter, then steady swoosh, the sprinklers kicked on. Water tapped down rows, roving over leaves not yet ready to harvest. The lights of the truck blinked again, the brake released, the men continued on down the row in the dark she would pull herself through alone, for now.
Beth Konkoski is a writer and high school English teacher living in Northern Virginia with her husband and two teenage children. Her work has appeared in numerous literary journals including: Story, Mid-American Review, New Delta Review and The Baltimore Review. Her chapbook of poetry, "Noticing the Splash" was published by BoneWorld Press in 2010. She has work forthcoming in Gargoyle, Saranac Review, Split Lip Magazine, and other print and on-line journals. Samples of her work can be found at www.beth.konkoski.com.


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Caleb has entered the seventh grade…..
As part of our ongoing effort to increase awareness among those involved with children with Essential Tremor, we will be following the experiences of Caleb, a boy with Essential Tremor, as he goes through the seventh grade.
Caleb Eaton has entered the 7th Grade! He recently turned 13 and is waiting to get some assistive technology to help with all the note taking and papers that the 7th grade requires. His mother, Kathleen, received his updated IEP which includes allowing Caleb the use of an assistance device. She and Caleb are still waiting, but know he will get help soon. We will let you know when and what he receives to help him continue his success in school.
He was inducted into The National Honor Society while in the 6th grade. He has definitely come a long way! We all wish him a fun and successful 7th grade.
View past blog post on Caleb.
I feel like I was one of the lucky ones to be included in the focus ultrasound clinical trials at the University of Virginia. This experimental procedure was done at no cost to me through a federal grant. My sister read about the trials in the Richmond newspaper. When I first inquired about the program the possibility of acceptance was bleak. Hundreds of people were interested and I was pretty far down on the list. However most of these could not meet the designated criteria. Prior to being accepted I had to undergo 3 days of testing over a 3 month period. The tests and interviews were administered by a variety of doctors. I met with the UVA coordinator, the surgeon who would perform the procedure ( Dr. Elias ), a neurologist, a physical therapist, a psychiatrist, and a psychologist. I had to have ekgs, bloodwork, and a catscan of the brain.
On 9/7/11 I reported for surgery. My head was shaved and rubber tubing was placed on my head. The operating room was filled with doctors as well as the engineers who built the ultrasound machine. I was placed in a catscan for about 7 hours. It was a long process for me since it took a long time to line up the scanner before they zapped my brain. I was zapped more times than I can remember.
I had 3 follow up visits to Charlottesville to be checked out by the team. They were genuinely interested in how I was recovering. They were very professional and very caring. What a great group.
Prior to the procedure I was told that it would only improve my right hand and it was successful. I can now write in a checkbook and eat in public. I was hoping it would take away some of my head tremors but it didn't. Head tremors are most common in women.
I have had tremors in my hands since I was in my 20s and they started in my neck/head in my 40s. Even though my right hand is normal, I still have tremors in my head and left hand and my voice is shaky. If I get nervous or do anything out of the ordinary my tremors increase significantly. ET destroys your confidence and it hard to find jobs. You are also aware of people staring at you in public.
I am extremely thankful to Dr. Elias and all of the others that made this a success. This gives encouragement to those with ET. I hope that this process can be used to treat/cure other conditions in the future.
Over the twenty-four years I've lived with essential tremor, I've found ways to deal with the annoying eating and drinking problems caused by tremors. I'd like to share them with you.
Tall drinking glasses are like me: top-heavy. They are easy to tip over. Using wide, bottom-weighted drinking glasses has saved me from spilling drinks more times than I can count. You can ask a waiter for a low ball glass like the one on the left below at a restaurant.
Heavy knives, forks and spoons are easier to handle. Their weight means they don't respond as much to hand tremors. There is no need to reinvent the wheel. I found what I needed advertised to help arthritis sufferers. The utensils in the picture below, Oxo Good Grips, with broad slightly weighted handles, have helped counteract my tremor and made eating easier. I found them online under "aids for arthritis." I wonder if a wrist weight would help as well.
Please add your tips on this or other issues. Help with handwriting for a person with hand tremors is something I'd like to read. Post it on this blog.
There is currently a lot of discussion within the ET research community as to whether Essential Tremor is neurodegenerative. If it is, there is further debate as to what percentage are neurodegenerative of those who have been diagnosed with ET.
When I was first diagnosed with Essential Tremor, I was told I had Benign Essential Tremor. If ET is neurodegenerative, it certainly is not benign. At a time when a lot of attention (rightly so) is being given to the neurodegenerative aspects of such conditions as Alzheimer's, Dementia, and Parkinson's, I feel that special attention should be given to this possibly life-altering aspect of Essential Tremor.
This may seem strange to some, but I've learned that even challenging situations are signs that positive change is occurring. For example, I have a huge estate on the market which is my dream house. My realtor, handyman, friends and I worked very hard to get the house clean, fixed and ready to sell. I found myself working night and day to paint, clean and stage the house. In the middle of cleaning out my art studio I started to cry for two reasons. One reason was I was selling my dream home, even though I knew it was the right time, it felt like losing a part of me that felt safe and peaceful. The second reason was my tremor was worse and I was overdoing it.
I've learned that the best way out of feeling sad or depressed is to do something in order to feel better. I asked myself what would make me feel better. I know that crying is a good release and opens the heart. This was good for me instead of suppressing my emotions. Even men are doing more of it on shows like The Bachelorette when they get disappointed that they lost the girl they had their heart set on. I'm glad that it is OK to feel our emotions these days. Getting out of a depressed state takes action so I asked myself what would make me feel better. I followed my intuition to call a friend to go to a movie. I wanted to get out of the house and I realized that I was hungry too, which can definitely affect my tremors. While eating I explained to my friend my situation and why my shaking was worse than usual. Guess what, it improved by eating and sharing.
When I returned home, I felt better and I was shaking less. I got a good night's sleep and got busy preparing the house for my Mother to visit me while her bathroom was being converted from a bathtub to a shower. I wasn't sure I could handle it before my outing, but now I had the energy and faith that all would work out fine. She has a tremor too and can get irritable when her medication isn't working or when she doesn't get enough sleep. When she arrived, Mother even made the comment that she thought she might be depressed. I thought to myself, what can I do to help her feel better? I have realized that it is often the little things that help change our attitude. I helped to make her physically comfortable by feeding her and helping her bathe. I then showed her how to play solitaire and mahjong on my iPad. I saw that cute "little girl smile" cross her face. For a couple of hours, Mother forgot she had a tremor and decided she wanted an iPad to play games on and the touch screen was easy for her to use. I ended up giving her one for an early 86th birthday gift (her birthday is not until the end of August). She is now showing other seniors how to use it.
One lady called me on the phone about joining the ET support group. She said that she doesn't leave the house and has a company bringing food to her. She is 60 years old. I asked her the reason she stays home. I wondered if she had another illness besides ET. Her response was that she lives alone and doesn't want to eat in a restaurant in front of people. "I think I'm depressed," she said, "because I don't feel like doing anything." I told her that it would take courage for her to come to the meeting but that I know she would feel better if she did. She is working on getting a ride. I hope she comes.
Sometimes embarrassment or social phobia due to tremors can lead to depression. Clinically speaking, depression is described as anger turned inward about a situation, in this case ET, lack of interest in life due to frustration about it. It can cause a person to decide not to feed oneself or function at all. I feel sad when I hear about this lack of freedom. I've been there before, until I decided to open up, tell others and find everything I can to feel better, such as medical discoveries, natural remedies or doing the simple things that help me to take action to improve my life.
Most of the time, I'm now waking up as someone with a purpose, a simple one, to love and accept myself and others with or without tremors. I was guided to become a counselor when I decided to take action and ask for a purpose. I will do all I can to research and find new ways of living with or eradicating ET, a condition I have had all my life. I have found that light always shines after darkness. I've seen people with tremors so severe that they could barely function and others with less frequency. Some are focusing on what they can't do and others want to know techniques for feeling better. I now choose the latter. What I love about conferences and support groups is we can all work together to learn from the medical community about research, and experiment and share with each other how we can improve our quality of life each day.
Peter Muller made a presentation to the two St. Louis Support Groups at St. Luke's Hospital on May 19th. It was well attended. Due to a notice in the newspaper, several people who had not previously been to one of our meetings came. Also there were Caleb Eaton and his father, Robert. Please note the accompanying article on Caleb.
The presentation centered on the symptoms and treatments for Essential Tremor and what is happening in the research world to address these. Peter also spoke about HopeNET and what it is doing to increase awareness of Essential Tremor. There were some very good things that came from the meeting. My neurologist called to tell me that one of his patients told him that she had learned so very much from Peter's talk. The Doctor then called me to get the name of the Doctor who could tell him more about the Focused Ultrasound System (ExAblate 2000). This leads me to believe that some doctors are as interested in learning more about Essential Tremor and its treatments as those of us who have ET. Several of the regular members of the group phoned me after the meeting to tell me how much they appreciated the meeting.
Also, Peter's visit and his talk encouraged the people in attendance to know that there is hope for development of more and better ways to treat Essential Tremor, and that it is the responsibility of each of us to participate in raising awareness about ET in order to promote funding for research. In summation, I believe that the presentation energized our group and made all of us aware that there really is hope…..but that we must all work for success!
Caleb Eaton, the 13 year old son of Robert and Kathleen Eaton has had Essential Tremor since he was 2 years old. He just completed the 6th grade and is doing well. Kathleen has made great effort to learn about ET and to take what she has learned to Caleb's teachers, counselors and to other people at Hazelwood West Middle School. The school is attempting to get some technology that will help Caleb with writing, etc., when he starts 7th grade next fall.
Because of Kathleen and Robert's efforts, and Caleb's strong will to succeed, he is doing well in school and is happy to know that this picture of him and this information may help other young children know that they are not alone and that they too can triumph over ET.
We, here at HopeNET are so pleased with Caleb's progress and wish him success in all his endeavors. We also understand that without the help of his parents, things would be much more difficult.
I know it sounds trite but HopeNET is about hope. We aim for something higher than just being a source of information regarding Essential Tremor. We do plan to provide information but we also want to be a gathering point in which people affected by Essential Tremor can come to feel part of a community. Almost all of us who have ET have felt that sense of being alone. At one point or another, we have been reluctant to speak or hesitant to meet people. HopeNET is not offering a magic elixir. Rather we are a forum in which we can share and help each other deal with this condition.
We want to see a better appreciation for the difficulties facing those with Essential Tremor. I am well aware that there are a number of other neurological conditions that are devastating. But I have seen first hand the lack of appreciation of the difficulties we face on the part of the overall community in which we live and the medical community in particular. One of HopeNET's primary goals is to foster better consideration of Essential Tremor. We plan to do that by working collectively to inform others. This will require a medium for fostering mutual understanding and help for those affected by ET. HopeNET's website will primarily be that medium.
An example is coping mechanisms for dealing with ET. We all have learned some means of dealing with the condition. There is much to be gained by sharing what we've learned so that our lives are made easier. But I see the need to broaden HopeNET's scope. What about something like internal tremor? I have heard countless stories about its effects – that are almost traumatic at times. Yet few outside those with ET know about it, and that includes most of the people in the medical community. HopeNET intends to work very hard to make people aware of it and hopefully provide better consideration for those affected by it.
We want HopeNET to be a two-way street. We will all benefit by sharing our experiences. In the process, this should lead to an increase awareness of Essential Tremor – the ultimate goal.
As with any organization, it is people who make it successful, and there are many who have helped create HopeNET. I am very thankful to all of them.
First and foremost is Rose Schooff who has created the website. In addition to her technical expertise and hard work, she has brought a real appreciation of the difficulties and challenges facing a person with a little-known neurological disorder.
Justin Trent and Kelly Helmuth of the law firm of McGuire Woods in Richmond have handled all the legal work involved in getting HopeNET incorporated and tax-exempt. It has involved a lot of work for which I am very appreciative.
Kathleen Welker of Tremor Action Network has worked collaboratively with me from the outset providing valuable insight and support.
Special thanks are in order for Dr. Stephen Grill. In addition to being the President of the Board of HopeNET, members of the Columbia support group use his office every month for their meeting. He also played the central role in putting together the one-page brochure that we will be giving to doctors to increase awareness of Essential Tremor.
Lourdes Cuevas of Capital One Bank has been very helpful in creating and supporting HopeNET's bank account.
Mary Fitzpatrick has been solid in providing support as HopeNET has gone through the usual growing pains to be expected with a new organization.
Thanks too to my brother, Skip – a CPA, for handling all tax-related issues.
There have many more who have contributed money and/or time – Joan Marie Barringer, Fred Berko, Becky Epton, Lou DeVaughn, Phillip Fauntleroy, Sue Fillmore, Sheliah Hurt, Steph Jewell, Doris Mapes, Barbara McCarthy, Robert & Vera Mendoza, Dan & Shirley Miller, Fatta Nahab, Nora Rudd, and Claudia Testa. I am especially appreciative of what Joyce Letzler has done.
Finally, I want to thank my wife, Pat. She has contributed a lot in making copies, handling correspondence & phone calls, reviewing & editing various things I have written, providing ideas, etc. Just as importantly, I have had Essential Tremor throughout our marriage, and she has made my life easier by doing many every-day things to help me.


The people of First United Methodist Church Middletown are devoted to bringing God's eternal love to life through our faith - in our everyday lives, in our worship and fellowship, in ministries in our community and throughout the world. We want Middletown to succeed in God's image - and we work to bring that image to life here, and everywhere.
We encourage you to explore faith with us, even if you find faith hard to accept. We believe that the God-inspired message of the Bible can be there for us when we need it most - even if we've doubted it. Closed hearts and minds can open; life can be transformed by new meaning and hope. Volunteer projects can help you to connect with our community, the world, and your greater purpose in life.
Join us, as First Middletown reinvents this mission for the Middletown of the 21st century.


Nutrients are substances derived from food during the process of digestion. There are three main groups of nutrients contained in food which are needed by the body in differing amounts. They are carbohydrates, proteins, and fat. These major nutrients are needed by the body for growth, repair, maintenance and energy. In addition, the body requires fibre, vitamins and minerals which are present in varying quantities in different types of food. Good nutrition requires a balance of the right nutrients, that is, getting the proper amount, or proportion, of each one.
Our diet should provide adequate amount of all nutrients to maintain good health and physical efficiency. Daily food intake should be such that of the total consumption, about 15 to 20% is protein, 40 to 50% is complex Carbohydrates and 20 to 30% is fat.


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La Cava A. Welcome to the World Journal of Immunology. World J Immunol 2011; 1(1): 1-2
Antonio La Cava, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Avenue 32-59, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, United States. alacava@mednet.ucla.edu
Welcome to the World Journal of Immunology
Dec 27, 2011 (publication date) through Jan 19, 2020
Copyright ©2011 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.
World J Immunol. Dec 27, 2011; 1(1): 1-2
Published online Dec 27, 2011. doi: 10.5411/wji.v1.i1.1
Antonio La Cava, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, United States
ORCID number: $[AuthorORCIDs]
Author contributions: La Cava A solely contributed to this paper.
Correspondence to: Antonio La Cava, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Avenue 32-59, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, United States. alacava@mednet.ucla.edu
Telephone: +1-310-2674975 Fax: +1-310-2068606
Revised: December 1, 2011
Published online: December 27, 2011
We are pleased to announce the launch of the World Journal of Immunology (WJI) as a new member of the family of the World series of journals. The pace of discovery in the field of immunology has accelerated significantly in recent years due to important discoveries and the implementation of new technologies and methodologies that have become readily accessible to many investigators. WJI is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal, whose preparatory work was initiated on November 30, 2010 and will be officially published on December 27, 2011. The WJI Editorial Board consists of 99 experts in experimental medicine from 23 countries. By taking into account the widespread use of the internet and the necessity that scientific journals should reach out to wider audiences through the provision of barrier-free information, WJI aims to provide rapid publication through an established system that is targeted at dissemination to the scientific community via online open-access.
Key Words: Immunology, Journal, Open-access, Peer-reviewed
Citation: La Cava A. Welcome to the World Journal of Immunology. World J Immunol 2011; 1(1): 1-2
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2219-2824/full/v1/i1/1.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5411/wji.v1.i1.1
I am Antonio La Cava, a Professor from the University of California Los Angeles (Figure 1), and together with Seung-Yong Seong, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, we will be the co-Editor-in-Chief for World Journal of Immunology (World J Immunol, WJI, online ISSN 2219-2824, DOI: 10.5411). I am very pleased to announce that the first issue of WJI, on which preparation was initiated on November 30, 2010, is officially published on December 27, 2011. WJI is a bimonthly peer-reviewed, online, open-access, journal supported by an editorial board consisting of 99 experts in immunology from 23 countries. It is my great honor and pleasure to introduce WJI as a new forum for both fundamental and clinical immunology. By covering immunological advances in cellular, biochemical and molecular biology; in vitro and in vivo investigations; basic, translational and clinical immune work, animal models and human studies, WJI appears well suited for a broad audience that has an interest in the multiple subdisciplines of the expanding world of immunology.
Figure 1 Editor-in-Chief of the World Journal of Immunology. Antonio La Cava, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, United States.
Although there are already many journals focusing on immunology, the launch of WJI responds to the major technological shift in academic publishing practices during the last decade, that with the internet witnessed an unprecedented revolution in the way science is published and communicated[1]. WJI aims to extend this aspect to immunologists who want their work published rapidly for access to a broad audience.
WJI publishes papers without size limits with a quick editorial turnaround and time-to-publication process, aiming at rapidly reporting results of immunological research through a platform that can facilitate the translation of knowledge into improved human health. To ensure advantages for both authors and readers and the high quality of the published work, submitted manuscripts undergo critical peer review prior to publication.
CONTENTS FOR PEER REVIEW
In order to guarantee the quality of articles published in the journal, WJI usually invites three experts to comment on the submitted papers. The contents for peer review include: (1) whether the contents of the manuscript are of great importance and novelty; (2) whether the experiment is complete and described clearly; (3) whether the discussion and conclusion are justified; (4) whether the citations of references are necessary and reasonable; and (5) whether the presentation and use of tables and figures are correct and complete.
The original articles and reviews in WJI cover a wide range of subjects including: (1) autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, both in humans and in animal models of disease, with an interest on aspects including the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanisms of disease induction, maintenance and progression; (2) tumor immunology including immunosurveillance, immunoediting and immunotherapies in animal models and in humans; (3) clinical immunology in humans and animal models including mechanisms of disease, regulation and therapy and immunodeficiencies; (4) innate immunity including cell subsets, receptors and soluble mediators, complement and inflammation; (5) adaptive immune mechanisms and cells including soluble mediators and antibodies; (6) immune cell development, differentiation, maturation; (7) control mechanisms for immune cells including immune tolerance and apoptosis; (8) immune cell interactions and immune cell receptors; (9) immunological methods and techniques; (10) immune cell activation including cell signaling pathways, biochemical and pharmacologic modulation studies; (11) infection; (12) different modalities of vaccination including gene therapy; (13) hypersensitivity and allergy; and (14) transplantation.
The columns in the issues of WJI will include: (1) Editorial: To introduce and comment on the substantial advances and their importance in fast-developing areas; (2) Frontier: To review the most representative achievements and comment on the current research status in important fields, and propose directions for future research; (3) Topic Highlight: This column consists of three formats, including (A) 10 invited review articles on a hot topic, (B) a commentary on common issues of this hot topic, and (C) a commentary on the 10 individual articles; (4) Observation: To update the development of old and new questions, highlight unsolved problems, and provide strategies on how to solve the questions; (5) Guidelines for Clinical Practice: To provide guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment; (6) Review: To systemically review the most representative progress and unsolved problems in the major scientific disciplines, comment on the current research status, and make suggestions on future work; (7) Original Articles: To report original innovative and valuable findings in immunology; (8) Brief Articles: To briefly report the novel and innovative findings in immunology; (9) Case Report: To report a rare or typical case; (10) Letters to the Editor: To discuss and reply to the contributions published in WJI, or to introduce and comment on a controversial issue of general interest; (11) Book Reviews: To introduce and comment on quality monographs of immunology; and (12) Guidelines: To introduce consensuses and guidelines reached by international and national academic authorities worldwide on the research in immunology.
In summary, we propose WJI as a new forum that can provide answers to important questions on a wide array of topics across multiple immunological disciplines through open access. With our innovative and ambitious publisher, WJI will contribute to the swift communication of scientific results in immunology, and contribute to make immunological research more open.
Peer reviewer: Edith Porter, Associate Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States
S- Editor Yang XC L- Editor Webster JR E- Editor Zhang DN
1. Kaiser J. Scientific publishing. Seeking advice on 'open access,' NIH gets an earful. Science. 2004;305:764. [PubMed] [DOI]


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Sullivan Burgess
Blackaby, John James
Name Blackaby, John James [1, 2]
Born 1831 Battersea, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada [3]
Find A Grave Memorial 144274259
Occupation Bookkeeper [1]
Occupation Shoemaker [1]
Occupation 1871 [4]
Hotel Proprietor
Residence Storrington, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada [2]
Residence 1871 Battersea, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada [4]
Died 11 Aug 1898 Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Buried Battersea, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Sand Hill Cemetery
Person ID I5006 Sullivan Burgess Family Tree | The History of Alexander V Laughlen
Father Blackaby, William, b. 1800, England , d. 7 Mar 1877, Severn Bridge, Muskoka, Ontario, Canada (Age 77 years)
Mother Lake, Susannah, b. 1812, Ontario, Canada , d. 15 May 1878, Simcoe, Ontario, Canada (Age 66 years)
Family 1 Cuddy, Rebecca, b. 1835
Family 2 Simpson, Rachel, d. Bef 11 Dec 1875
Married 3 Feb 1858 Kingston, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada [2]
1. Blackaby, Thomas, b. 1859, Storrington, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada , d. Crow's Nest Pass, British Columbia, Canada [natural]
+ 2. Blackaby, Hannah, b. 1861, Storrington, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada [natural]
3. Blackaby, John, b. 1864, Storrington, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada , d. Kingston Mills, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada [natural]
Family 3 Van Volkenburg, Saphronia, b. 1841, d. 1921, Battersea, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada (Age 80 years)
Married 11 Dec 1875 Frontenac, Ontario, Canada [5]
Witness Fanny Eason and George McBride, both of Storrington
Born - 1831 - Battersea, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Married - 3 Feb 1858 - Kingston, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Residence - - Storrington, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Residence - 1871 - Battersea, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Married - 11 Dec 1875 - Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Died - 11 Aug 1898 - Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Buried - - Battersea, Frontenac, Ontario, Canada
Blackaby, John J and Saphronia Van Volkenburg Grave Stone
Blackaby Family Crest
Recorded as Blackby, Blackaby, Blackeby, Blackerby and possibly others, this is an English residential surname with Viking antecendents. It derives from residence at Black's Farm, as in the pre 7th century Old English 'Blak atta bi' with 'bi' being the Scandanavian word for a farm, and 'Blak' curiously meaning either 'black' or 'white'. If the meaning was black it was probably an ethnic name for a Celt, if 'white' it may have described a Norseman or Dane, since these were traditionally fair haired. It may also originate from a 'lost' medieval village called Blackeberwe' It is believed that some seven thousand British Isles surnames originate from now 'lost' locations. Richard Blackerby (1574 - 1648), the vicar of Great Thurlow in Essex, was a prominent puritan and a close supporter of Oliver Cromwell. The first recorded spelling of the family name is shown to be that of Simon de Blackeberwe. This was dated 1275 in the Pipe Rolls of the county of Devon, during the reign of King Edward 1st of England. He was known to history as 'The Hammer of the Scots', and reigned from 1272 to 1307. Surnames became necessary when governments introduced personal taxation. In England this was sometimes known as Poll Tax. Throughout the centuries, surnames in every country have continued to "develop" often leading to astonishing variants of the original spelling
[S424] The Works of M. E. Laughlin and E. R. Laughlin, 1955 2nd Edition, Mary Elizabeth Bowyer Laughlin and Edgerton Ross Laughlin.
[S1] Ontario: Birth, Death and Marriage Records.
Record for John James Blackaby
[S287] Marriage Record.
[S273] Lovell's Canadian Dominion Directory for 1871, John Lovell, (Name: Montreal, 1871;), Page 188.


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[X]Best Of Extras
Select a section Readers' Poll Winners The People Issue Arts & Culture Goods & Services Food & Drink
Celebrity Favorites: Arts & Culture
D'wayne Wiggins
Before guitarist, singer, and producer Wiggins opened Jahva House on Oakland's Lakeshore Avenue, he was most famous as a member of R&B group Tony! Toni! Toné!
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Phat Beatz record store - He has it all. A lot of music you get there before it reaches the mainstream. (6101 San Pablo Ave., Oakland. 510-655-9889)
KPFA - It's real information, not watered down with people pimping advertising and trying to control the listeners and show their products. It's about what's really jumping off in the town and in the world. (94.1 FM. 510-848-6767)
Oasis Restaurant & Bar - It's a real cool setting. I especially love their fish. They have an outside patio and you can hear Caribbean music, African music, and hip-hop. (135 12th St., Oakland. 510-763-0404)
Kimball's Carnival - They've been having a cool salsa night with a live band and frequently they have people from the Escovedo family come through. It's a hot spot if you enjoy salsa. (522 2nd St., Oakland. 510-444-6979)
Marcus Book Stores - It focuses on African Americans. There's a lot of culture in there; there's a lot to know about and catch up on. (3900 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland. 510-652-2344)
Lois the Pie Queen - Aww .... the salmon croquettes, no doubt! (851 60th St., Emeryville. 510-658-5616)


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Our ice cream is made by us on the premises using milk from our own cows. We have developed around 30 kinds of own recipe ice cream for you to savour.
We have our own butcher on site who makes the most delicious sausages and burgers to his own recipes. We use top quality Beef & Lamb bred here on our farm. We also have for sale homemade pies and hotpots, cooked meats, cheese, eggs, jam, preserves and biscuits along with locally sourced seasonal fruit and vegetables.
We also sell homebred half lambs and rarebreed pigs for the freezer.


A comprehensive review of hundreds of studies on the feasibility of 100 percent alternative energy.
In March 2017, Heard et al., published a study of 24 works on the feasibility of 100 percent renewable energy. Their findings were not favorable. But on April 23, 2018 a review of Heard 2017 was published by Brown et al. 2018. In a battle of the academic references, where Heard cited 151 and Brown 230, the ranking criteria of the former study was found incomplete and unfounded.
"… We respond to a recent article that is critical of the feasibility of 100% renewable-electricity systems.
… Based on a literature review we show that none of the issues raised in the article are critical for feasibility or viability.
… Each issue can be addressed at low economic cost, while not affecting the main conclusions of the reviewed studies.
… We highlight methodological problems with the choice and evaluation of the feasibility criteria.
Another primary tenet of Heard 2017 is that there is not yet any model that defines exactly how we can meet energy demand with alternatives. This argument relies heavily on the dispatchable energy discussion where wind and solar energy are only available when the wind blows and the sun shines. Heard 2017 bases much of their findings on this topic on the work of Mark Jacobson at Stanford along with 27 other authors. Jacobson's very forward leaning work relies geographic location, an abundant mix of alternative energy sources, and the fact that wind blows on land at night and on the ocean in the day.
Jacobson's team has been heavily criticized since the inception of their work in 2009, yet the team grows and continues to refine, based on this heavy criticism. (Their concept is convincingly described at The Solutions Project.) After six increasingly in-depth publishings of their work, in 2017 they have published their most complete evaluation yet across 139 countries globally that includes all previous criticisms. Of course, only time will tell which side is correct. But it is important to note in similar high stakes, high motivation issues, the will to succeed has overcome. A favorite comparison is Kennedy's Moon Shot. In 1962 when Kennedy announced we were going to the moon, America had only 15 minutes of experience in sub-space orbit and zero experience in deep space.
There is another interesting point that may enlighten the reader as to some of the fundamentals of Heard 2017. This is that their work includes substantial nuclear energy in the mix.
Brown et al., Response to Burden of proof-A comprehensive review of the feasibility of 100% renewable-electricity systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, accepted April 23, 2018 for September 2018.
Heard et al. Burden of proof: A comprehensive review of the feasibility of 100% renewable-electricity systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, March 2017.


text:
When Women Sell Themselves Short on Team Projects
When given positive group feedback, the female participants gave more credit to their male teammates and took less credit themselves
Working on a team is always a challenge, but a new study highlights a particular challenge to women: how much they credit themselves in a joint success. Women will devalue their contributions when working with men but not with other women, according to the new research. The study suggests yet another reason why women still tend to be under-represented at the highest echelons of many organizations.
Michelle Haynes of the University of Massachusetts, Lowell, had examined how other people evaluate men and women working together. She decided to build on that work to look at how women view themselves on teams after herself reading glowing group feedback for a conference submission she co-authored.
"As I was reading this extraordinary review, I thought: 'Wow! Those other co-contributors must have really written something amazing for us to have gotten this kind of feedback.' And then it hit me like a ton of bricks: I do this too," she says. She did not recognize her own positive contribution to the team endeavor.
Haynes and colleagues then set out to design an experiment to examine how women evaluate their own contributions to collaborative work outcomes, particularly when working with men on tasks that are considered to be "masculine." She says: "If you get an A on a paper, it is pretty clear who deserves the credit for that A. But if the A is the product of a group effort, how does the credit get distributed?"
In a series of four experiments, published today in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Haynes' team asked participants to work remotely with another person on tasks traditionally associated with a male role: acting as a managing supervisor at an investment company; in actuality, there was no other teammate. Under various conditions, they received feedback about their team's performance.
When given positive group feedback, the female participants gave more credit to their male teammates and took less credit themselves. They would only credit themselves with success in the task when working with a male if their individual role in the task was clear.
The study also found that women did not undervalue their contributions when their teammates were female. "This finding is critical because it debunks the notion that what we found is simply a function of women being modest in groups," Haynes says. "Rather, it underscores how the expectations women hold of themselves, and those they work with, influence how they process group feedback. Furthermore, it reveals that gender continues to play a role in how individuals derive these performance expectations."
These findings contribute to a body of work about how stereotypes affect women in the workplace. Past work in this area has generally focused on how an individual's work is evaluated – for example studies have shown that the same resume will be evaluated more favorably if it has a male versus female name attached to it. But other research has found that consistently stellar individual performance is often enough to overcome the influence of stereotypes in evaluations of a woman's competence.
"But our work focuses on group outcomes, which are not inherently diagnostic of individual contribution," Haynes says. "What we have found is that sometimes outcomes and performance – no matter how stellar – are not enough to trump the biasing effects of stereotypes, particularly when the nature of individual contribution is unclear."
"This is one of many factors, among a great many, that may hinder women's earning power and career progress," she adds. If women view their own contributions less favorably than they regard the contribution of their male co-workers, it is "likely to impact how women view their efficacy at work and the degree to which they are likely to vie for competitive projects and promotions."
The study, "It Had to Be You (Not Me)! Women's Attributional Rationalization of Their Contribution to Successful Joint Work Outcomes" by Michelle C. Haynes and Madeline E. Heilman, was published online on May 7, 2013, and is forthcoming in print in July 2013 in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, a journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP).
Category(s):Women's Issues, Workplace Issues
Source material from University of Massachusetts
Trauma from Sexual Violence
Presence of group members lowers IQ
Very Intelligent People Actually Make Less Effective Leaders
How to Take (Better) Breaks
The Importance of Work-life Balance
Top Tips to De-stress Your Commute
Playing Up the Benefits of Play at Work
How Transitioning Leads to Better Mental Health - and Job Satisfaction
Medicine's Gender Revolution: How Women Stopped Being Treated As ...
12 Jobs That Make People Most Satisfied


text:
Heteracris vinacea is een rechtvleugelig insect uit de familie veldsprinkhanen (Acrididae). De wetenschappelijke naam van deze soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1923 door Sjöstedt.

vinacea


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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Texas Case Law › Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Decisions › 1981 › Williams v. State
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Williams v. State
Herman L. WILLIAMS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, Panel No. 3.
Rehearing Denied November 4, 1981.
Kevin Cunningham, Houston, for appellant.
Carol S. Vance, Former Dist. Atty. & John B. Holmes, Jr., Dist. Atty. & Timothy G. Taft, Mike Wilkinson & Michael Kuhn, Asst. Dist. Attys., Houston, Robert Huttash, State's Atty., Austin, for the State.
Before TOM G. DAVIS, McCORMICK and TEAGUE, JJ.
TEAGUE, Judge.
Appellant, charged by indictment with committing attempted murder, appeals his conviction for aggravated assault, a lesser included offense, with punishment assessed by a jury at two years' confinement in the Texas Department of Corrections.
Appellant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence.
At the outset, we note fundamental error that must be considered in the interest of justice, see Art. 40.09, Sec. 13, V.A.C. C.P., hereinafter cited as C.C.P.
The entire instruction to the jury, governing the offense of aggravated assault, is as follows:
Aggravated assault is a lesser included offense of that charged. A person commits the offense of assault if he intentionally or knowingly causes bodily injury to another. The offense becomes aggravated assault if the person committing the assault uses a deadly weapon. *579 The term "deadly weapon" means a firearm or anything manifestly designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting death or serious bodily injury; or anything that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. Therefore, if you should find from the evidence that the defendant is not guilty [sic] of either the offense of attempted murder or attempted voluntary manslaughter, but believe [sic] from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did commit the offense of aggravated assault, then you will find the defendant guilty of the offense of aggravated assault. If you do not so believe, or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you will find the defendant not guilty. If you should find from the evidence that the defendant is not guilty of the offense of aggravated assault, or of any offense defined in this charge, or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you should acquit the defendant and say by your verdict not guilty.
The indictment in this cause alleges in pertinent part that appellant "on or about February 22, 1976, did then and there unlawfully attempt to cause the death of Billy Floyd by shooting him with a shotgun, having intent to commit murder." This alleges the offense of attempted murder under V.T.C.A. Penal Code, Secs. 19.02(a)(1) and 15.01. See Telfair v. State, 565 S.W.2d 522 (1978); Dovalina v. State, 564 S.W.2d 378 (1978). Aggravated assault may be a lesser included offense of attempted murder, see Watson v. State, 605 S.W.2d 877 (1980); Garrett v. State, 573 S.W.2d 543 (1978); and Cato v. State, 534 S.W.2d 135 (1976). The trial court so found from the evidence adduced in the trial of this cause when it gave the instruction on the lesser included offense of aggravated assault.
In Williams v. State, 547 S.W.2d 18, 20 (1977), a majority of this Court, speaking through Judge Odom, said:
The law must come from the court, the facts must be decided by the jury, and the charge, to instruct the jury properly, must apply the law to the facts raised by the evidence. It is not sufficient for the jury to receive an abstract instruction on the law and then to render a verdict according to a general conclusion on whether the law has been violated .... An abstract charge does not inform the jury of what facts, if found by it, would constitute proof of the elements of the offense.
Thus, the court's charge rather than state mere abstract propositions of law and general principles contained in the statutes, must clearly apply the law to the very facts in the case. See Harris v. State, 522 S.W.2d 199, 202 (1975). In Harris, "The charge [failed] to apply the law of rape to the evidence, and the jury was not instructed under what circumstances they should convict, or under what circumstances they should acquit." In Williams, supra, the charge only instructed the jury concerning the law and certain facts. However, at no time in the charge was the jury specifically instructed under what circumstances they should convict, or under what circumstances they should acquit the defendant.
In the case at bar, the charge contained certain abstract principles governing the law of aggravated assault, but at no time was there an application of those principles of law to the specific facts of the case. The charge left the jury to conjecture over what specific facts would be applicable to these principles governing the law of aggravated assault.
In the trial court's submission of the lesser included offense of aggravated assault, in the paragraph under which appellant was convicted, the court merely charged the jury as follows:
* * * Therefore, if you should find from the evidence that the defendant is not guilty of either the offense of attempted murder or attempted voluntary manslaughter, but believe [sic] from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did commit the offense of aggravated *580 assault, then you will find the defendant guilty of the offense of aggravated assault.
This charge fails to instruct the jury as to which of appellant's actions, if believed true beyond a reasonable doubt, would constitute aggravated assault. See also V.T.C.A. Penal Code, Sec. 22.02. The charge, as given, "fails to state and apply the law under which the accused is prosecuted." Harris v. State, 522 S.W.2d 199, 202 (1975). (emphasis added). Although the charge does instruct the jury "if ... the defendant did commit ... aggravated assault, then [they] will find the defendant guilty of the offense of aggravated assault," Cf. Ex parte Clark, supra; Idrogo v. State, 589 S.W.2d 433 (1979); Perez v. State, 537 S.W.2d 455 (1976); and Harris v. State, supra, it does not instruct the jury under what set of circumstances or facts of the case they should acquit or convict the appellant of the offense of aggravated assault. This error goes to the very basis of the case and requires reversal.
The importance of giving proper and complete instructions to a jury by a trial court should never be questioned, especially when one considers the very obvious purpose the charge serves:
The very purpose of a jury charge is to flag the jurors' attention to concepts that must not be misunderstood ... Lakeside v. Oregon, 435 U.S. 333, 340, 98 S. Ct. 1091, 1095, 55 L. Ed. 2d 319 (1978).
For the above and foregoing reasons, the judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded.
of Texas Court of Criminal Appeals opinions.


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