text:
This document outlines Parsable, Inc. (Parsable)'s information security requirements for all employees. Parsable's management has committed to these security policies to protect information utilized by Parsable in attaining its business goals. Parsable has created this set of security policies to communicate the requirements for secure use of company resources and operations of our SaaS product offering, and represents Parable's strategy for how it will implement Information Security principles and technologies.
The purpose of this policy is to establish a security framework designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of both Parsable and customer information assets from accidental or intentional unauthorized access, modification, damage, or deletion in order to aid Parsable in attaining its business goals. This document defines high level information security protections within the organization, including definitions, roles, responsibilities, procedures, and performance including metrics and reporting mechanisms. Standards and procedures related to this policy are published separately and updated as required.
This policy applies to all users of information systems and data within the organization to include both employees and third-party contractors as well as any external parties that come into contact with systems and information controlled by the organization (hereinafter referred to as "users"). The requirements apply to Parsable's enterprise IT systems and to SaaS products unless explicitly stated otherwise.
The following definitions apply to this policy and all sub policies.
Confidentiality: a characteristic of information or information systems in which such information or systems are only available to authorized entities.
Integrity: a characteristic of information or information systems in which such information or systems may only be changed by authorized entities, and in an approved manner.
Availability: a characteristic of information or information systems in which such information or systems can be accessed by authorized entities whenever needed.
Information Security: the act of preserving the confidentiality, integrity, and, availability of information and information systems.
Standard: Expected user behavior when interacting with information assets, based on the security designation and information handling requirements.
Procedure: Technical specifications, methodologies and specific instruction for data (format, structuring, tagging, storage, transmission, manipulation, reporting), and use of data
The organization's objectives for information security are in line with the organization's business goals, strategy, and plans. The objectives of this security policy are to accomplish the following objectives:
To maintain for the confidentiality and privacy of the information assets controlled and processed by Parsable
To provide protection for the integrity of the the information assets controlled and processed by Parsable
To ensure the availability of internal enterprise IT systems and external SaaS product offering
To comply with all applicable legislative, regulatory, and contractual requirements concerning information security.
The security policy indicates executive management's commitment to maintaining a secure enterprise IT infrastructure and SaaS product offerings. All objectives must be reviewed at least once per year. The company will measure the fulfillment of all objectives. The measurement will be performed at least once per year. The results must be analyzed, evaluated, and reported to the management team.
This policy requires the appointment of a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO), who manages the information security program, which includes procedures and policies designed to lower the operational risk to the business by protecting enterprise communications, information systems and assets from both internal and external threats.
The general duties of the CISO include:
Keeping on top of the latest developments on the evolving information security landscape.
Guiding information security policies, processes, governance, and compliance.
Approving exceptions to these policies on a case-by-case basis.
Coordinating a formal risk assessments, reviews, and reports related to key performance indicators and key risk indicators
Managing, monitoring, and continually improving data protection measures.
Driving security awareness within the Parsable organization.
Liaising and building trust with the customers in relation to information security matters
The CISO doesn't necessarily need to be an independent position but can be a designation fulfilled by an existing member of the executive or operational management team as long as that employee has the authority to hold a management role, and the resources and abilities to commit to the position.
This policy requires the appointment of a Chief Privacy Officer, who directs Parsable's privacy strategy, steering your business through the complex array of different data protection regulations that affect your organization.
The general duties of the CPO include:
Keeping on top of the latest developments on the evolving data privacy landscape.
Guiding privacy policies, processes, governance, and compliance.
Raising awareness, arranging staff training and promoting best privacy practices.
Driving privacy awareness within your organization.
Liaising with regulatory authorities and members of the media in relation to privacy matters.
Building trust with privacy-conscious consumers.
More specific guidance on the responsibilities of this role can be found within individual information security policies.
The Chief Privacy Officer doesn't necessarily need to be an independent position but can be a designation fulfilled by an existing member of the executive or operational management team as long as that employee has the authority to hold a management role, and the resources and abilities to commit to the position.
InfoSec Team
This policy calls for the formation of the InfoSec team drawn from members of the technology department.
InfoSec Risk and Governance Technical Program Manager
IT Engineers
Core Engineers
This team is responsible for enforcing compliance, responding to incidents, and approving exceptions.
Information Security & Privacy Steering Committee
This policy calls for the formation of the Information Security and Privacy team that represents various functions of the business critical to the protection of Parsable's information assets.
This Team will always include the CISO and the CPO and representatives from the following departments:
Finance / Operations
These team members should be appointed by the department for a term of one year and may more than one term. In the event of a team member departure, the department should appoint another team member to fulfill the duty. This team should select a leader annually that is not the CISO or CPO to manage the operational cadence until such a time as there is a full time employee dedicated to the task.
This team is responsible for meeting on a semi-annual basis to assess current risks and review key performance metrics.
Each corporate information system will be owned by a single business owner that has budgetary and system governance responsibilities. This owner may delegate the administration of some or part of the system to IT, but The Business Owner is accountable for the application of this and related policies to systems, data, and other information resources managed by the .
Departmental Data Stewards
A department may appoint one or more Data Stewards who are responsible for the application of this and related policies to systems, data, and other information resources under their care or control.
Systems Administrators are responsible for the application of this and related policies to the systems, information, and other information resources in their care at the direction of the Data Stewards.
Sub Policies
Parsable maintains separate sub policies in separate sub documents for the specific security topics:
Acceptable Encryption Policy
Data Classification Policy
Password Policy
Logging Policy
Monitoring Policy
Security Awareness & Training Policy
Physical Security Policy
Backup & Recovery Policy
Record Retention & Disposal Policy
Third Party Vendor Management
Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery
Change Management Policy
Incident Response Policy
Hiring Procedure
Termination Procedure
Privacy Compliance Procedures
Remote Work Policy
This set of policies will be enforced by the Information Security Team and/or Executive Team. Violations may result in disciplinary action, which may include suspension, restriction of access, or more severe penalties up to and including termination of employment. Where illegal activities or theft of company property (physical or intellectual) are suspected, Parable may report such activities to the applicable authorities.
Third party vendors found to have violated this policy may incur financial liabilities, in addition to termination of contract.
Policy exemptions will be permitted only if approved in advance and in writing by the CISO.


text:
Posting Title: LEGAL OFFICER, P3
Job Code Title: LEGAL OFFICER
Department/Office: Office of Legal Affairs
Duty Station: NEW YORK
Posting Period: 13 December 2021 - 26 January 2022
Job Opening Number: 21-Legal Affairs-OLA-169073-R-New York (R)
This position is located in the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs (OLA). The Legal Officer reports to the Director of the Codification Division, the Principal Legal Officer or, at times, the Senior Legal Officer.
Within delegated authority and depending on location, the Legal Officer will be responsible for the following duties:
•Handles a range of issues related to international law, including the interpretation and application of constitutive, legislative and other instruments governing United Nations activities and operations, in consultation with senior Legal Officers.
•Conducts extensive legal research and analysis and prepare studies, comparative studies, briefs, reports and correspondence, as requested by the General Assembly or its subsidiary legal bodies.
•Undertakes basic or extensive review of legal documents, instruments, or other material; identifies important issues, similarities, and inconsistencies, etc.
•Prepares or assists in the preparation of drafts of background papers, studies, reports, legislative texts and commentaries on those texts, teaching materials, in particular for the trainings undertaken under the Programme of Assistance and legal publications, in the field of international law.
•Facilitates at least one four week training programme in international law away from Headquarters under the Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law, and assists in its preparation and organization, including proposing and inviting lecturers, logistical and administrative arrangements (i.e. procurement, delegation of authority), updating training materials, completing relevant reports, drafting relevant cooperation arrangements, delivering presentations during the programme, and selecting participants.
•Prepares or assists in the preparation of legal opinions/advice on a wide range of international law issues, including the Charter of the United Nations, General Assembly resolutions and decisions involving, inter alia, issues relating to substantive and procedural issues arising during meetings of United Nations organs and subsidiary organs.
•Prepares or assists in the preparation of agreements with governments and other entities.
•Services or assists senior colleagues in servicing diplomatic conferences, commissions and committees, including preparation of background materials, summaries of issues and views of delegations, meeting reports, etc.
•Provides legal advice on human resources matters; reviews administrative matters.
•Provides guidance to more junior staff.
•Performs other duties as assigned.
•Professionalism: Theoretical knowledge of international law and instruments; demonstrated ability to apply legal principles, concepts and policy to a range of legal work and issues, mainly in the area of public international law, necessary to perform the duties and responsibilities required by the position; analytical skills and ability to conduct legal research on a range of relatively complex and intricate public international law issues; proficiency in legal writing and ability to prepare background papers and studies on a variety of legal issues and instruments; demonstrated ability to exercise sound judgment in the context of assignments given; and proficient in computer skills and, in particular, use of relevant software applications and information databases, Internet/Intranet services, library sources, etc; communication (spoken and written) skills including clear and concise drafting skills in accordance with relevant editorial standards. Knowledge of United Nations staff and financial regulations and rules.Shows pride in work and in achievements; demonstrates professional competence and mastery of subject matter; is conscientious and efficient in meeting commitments, observing deadlines and achieving results; is motivated by professional rather than personal concerns; shows persistence when faced with difficult problems or challenges; remains calm in stressful situations. Takes responsibility for incorporating gender perspectives and ensuring the equal participation of women and men in all areas of work.
•Teamwork: Works collaboratively with colleagues to achieve organizational goals; solicits input by genuinely valuing others' ideas and expertise; is willing to learn from others; places team agenda before personal agenda; supports and acts in accordance with final group decision, even when such decisions may not entirely reflect own position; shares credit for team accomplishments and accepts joint responsibility for team shortcomings.
•Planning & Organizing: Develops clear goals that are consistent with agreed strategies; identifies priority activities and assignments; adjusts priorities as required; allocates appropriate amount of time and resources for completing work; foresees risks and allows for contingencies when planning; monitors and adjusts plans and actions as necessary; uses time efficiently.
Advanced university degree (Master's degree or equivalent) in law is required. Advanced university degree (Master's degree or equivalent) in international law is required. A first-level university degree in law in combination with two additional years of qualifying experience may be accepted in lieu of the advanced university degree.
A minimum of five years of progressively responsible experience in law, including legal analysis, research and writing is required.
Experience in public international law at the national or international level is required.
Experience in drafting international law background papers with emphasis on the progressive development of international law and its codification is required.
Experience with an international organization is desirable. Experience in publishing articles on topics of public international law is desirable.
Experience in teaching or lecturing on subjects of public international law is desirable.
Experience in organizing and facilitating international law training courses or seminars is desirable.
Qualifying years of experience are calculated following the receipt of the university degree in law recognized by the United Nations.
English and French are the working languages of the United Nations Secretariat. For the post advertised, fluency in English is required. Knowledge of French is desirable. Knowledge of Spanish is desirable. Knowledge of another official United Nations language is an advantage.
Evaluation of qualified candidates may include an assessment exercise which may be followed by competency-based interview.
This job opening is advertised to fill a temporarily vacant position during the absence of the regular incumbent for a period of one year or longer. The regular incumbent is entitled to return to this position at the expiry of the temporary vacancy period. If the regular incumbent exercises the right to return, the appointment or temporary assignment or promotion of the candidate selected for this job opening will not be renewed or extended.
The selection process for this job opening will be conducted pursuant to ST/AI/2010/3 on the "Staff Selection System" and include the compliance review process by a review body described in staff rule 4.15. In case of selection, a staff member of the United Nations Secretariat who meets the definition of "internal candidate" in staff rule 4.10 will be placed on a temporary assignment if he or she holds the same grade as the job opening; and a temporary promotion if he or she holds a lower grade than the job opening. If the regular incumbent vacates the position during such temporary assignment or promotion, the selected staff member will be laterally assigned, promoted or transferred to the position without further selection process under ST/AI/2010/3.
Pursuant to section 7.11 of ST/AI/2012/2/Rev.1, candidates recruited through the young professionals programme who have not served for a minimum of two years in the position of their initial assignment are not eligible to apply to this position.
For this position, applicants from the following Member States, which are unrepresented or underrepresented in the UN Secretariat as of 31 August 2021, are strongly encouraged to apply: Afghanistan, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Belize, Brunei Darussalam, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, China, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Israel, Japan, Kiribati, Kuwait, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Namibia, Nauru, Norway, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Suriname, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, United States of America, Vanuatu, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Vincent's DNA exposed in a letter
Van Gogh: the Artist and his Letters
Vincent's DNA exposed in a letter – the artist was prolific letter writer
29th January 2010 Jane Tomlinson
Note: The F and JH numbers in this blog are standard references used by van Gogh scholars to refer to specific works, rather like scientists use Latin names to refer to species.
The Real Van Gogh: the Artist and his Letters
Today, 29 January 2010, I went to see The Real Van Gogh: the Artist and his Letters exhibition at the Royal Academy in London and OH MY GOD, it was absolutely incredible. There were some real surprises and met some old familiar friends.
There are 65 paintings, 40 drawings and 40 letters on show. The letters are so fragile they rarely if ever get exhibited.
Most people are familiar with one or two of Vincent's works; the sunflowers or the starry nights, perhaps. But for many people, when they see a van Gogh for real for the first time they are knocked out by the vibrant colour. I know I do. How can colour be so bright?! But Vincent gets me with a second punch to the jaw I every time when I consider his drawing. For me, to even attempt to paint without getting the drawing right is a mistake. Vincent knew this – indeed I learned it from him. So to see so many of his acutely observed drawings, some accompanied by the painting that they refer to, was extremely revealing.
The spontaneity, the sheer force of line, the accuracy, the expression… what a draftsman! I could bang on for thousands of words about it, but instead have a butcher's at this:
It's Road with Pollarded Willows (F1678, JH46) drawn in 1881 in Etten. I spent AGES looking at it. This has everything in it that a good prog rock song should have: contrast, rhythm, tone, narrative, simplicity, skill, all ultimately leading to a wholesome and satisfying beauty. I love the cottages on the far right hand side with their red roofs. Like the ting of a triangle in a Steely Dan tune.
Later, in Arles, Vincent would take to using a reed pen, making marks with it that Japanese printmakers do using woodblock printing techniques. The drawings look like handwriting, and are as spontaneous and 'legible' almost in the same way.
I'm absolutely BONKERS about Vincent's reed pen drawings. Here's one of boats near Les-Stes-Maries-sur-Mer:
There were many paintings hanging that I'd seen before in the Dutch or French collections, but to see them hung together was delightful. Take for example one wall in which featured a series of portraits of the Roulin family that Vincent made friends with in Arles in 1888.
Here's Portrait of the Postman Joseph Roulin (F432, JH 1522)…
…which was hung alongside portraits Vincent made of his wife Augustine, their young son Camille and baby Marcel. You could really get a sense of just what his friendship with this family meant to him. It was very moving. These were pictures I was familiar with.
But there were others on show that I'd never seen before, from private collections.
For example, here's Snowy landscape in Arles (F391, JH1358 ) painted in February 1888 just a few days after Vincent arrived in Provence.
The delicacy of colour, lots of high key whites and pastel tones which he'd been using in Paris, spill out.
Another surprise was White farmhouse among olive trees (F664) which I'd never seen before and sprung out at me like a pouncing leopard.
It hasn't been exhibited for 109 years and now lives in Japan. The luminous colour in the sky left me gasping 'how does he do that?' Having been into the Provencal landscape close to where this was painted I understood every brushstroke, each wiggle of blue that makes the mountains, each slash of brown that makes the trees. For reasons I can't explain, this one moved me to tears.
And how about this for piece of genius from someone who hardly yet considered himself to be any more than a student of art? It's Cottage with Peasant Woman Digging (F1669, JH825) painted in Nuenen in 1885.
See what I mean about the drawing? Brilliant. Just bloody brilliant! My feet feel muddy just looking at it. Look at the white bricks around the door – Vincent has even managed to express the detail of the lime leaching out from the mortar.
And so to the letters…
Even if Vincent had never painted a stroke, he would surely be known as a writer. His written observations of the world around him are as fascinating and profound as his pictures. But Im not going to tell you about the content of the letters because you can read them – every single one – online right here. Instead I'm going to tell you about their physical appearance. The first shock is that they are tiny! Really tiny. Vincent often folded a sheet to make four pages from one leaf the size a little smaller than A4. His handwriting changes from mood to mood, from sentence to sentence.
Sometimes it's scrawly, sometimes neat, sometimes he uses too much ink so it blobs. Other times you can see him rushing to the end of sentence as he hurries to get a thought down on paper. Often it's really tiny writing. You can see the folds, the dog-eared corners, greasy marks, the pencil markings that Vincent's sister–in-law Jo and others used to number the letters into some kind of comprehensive order.
And then there are the sketches. To better describe what he was thinking Vincent would draw little tiny sketches; of recent paintings he'd made, of ideas he'd had, or in this case (above) to show how he imagined his pictures might one day be hung together. They are so revealing.
It got me thinking about how people today don't write letters anymore. It's all email and Facebook. I still have all the letters my mum wrote to me when she lived in Hong Kong and I missed her so much. My dad keeps all the postcards that I have sent him from all over the world. These human documents have a tangible magic that tell a fascinating personal story. It makes me sad to think that perhaps today's iPod generation won't ever have such treasure to look back on. I've digressed! Sorry.
These were just a few of the fascinating and exquisite things I saw today. I could have mentioned the sensitive portrait of Sien, the woman he lived with in The Hague; or the letter Vincent's friend Paul Gauguin wrote to him from Pont Aven; or the 'last' letter … the unposted one found on Vincent's body with great dark blobby stains on it. Blood stains perhaps? A gunshot wound to the stomach is likely to bleed. So here you have it. Vincent's DNA exposed in a letter.
The curators of this exhibition have done an heroic job of getting this lot together in one place at one time. I think Vincent would be very proud.
Comment from David Brooks of Toronto, Canada
Wonderful commentary, Jane. Pen strokes or brush strokes, there's something so moving about seeing Vincent's work in person, isn't there? What an amazing opportunity to see this incredible exhibition–the first major Van Gogh exhibition in England in forty years. And to rave reviews I might add. I'm so glad that you got to see it and that you could share your passionate insights with us.
And I agree about the demise of letter writing. The Helene Hanff "84 Charing Cross Road" days are behind us I'm afraid.
Jeff Beck and Eric Clapton: Together and Apart
Van Gogh's Letters: the books
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Vincent van Gogh mutilates his ear – 23 December 1888
By Jane Tomlinson
Map of Vincent van Gogh – a painting of the places Vincent lived and worked
The suicide of Vincent van Gogh – 29 July 1890
The death of Paul Gauguin – 8 May 1903
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Individual Ketchup packets in a 200 count box. We have been very pleased with this Ketchup. As a matter of fact, we switched to this product after sampling and felt it was better than what we were using.
This is the same Ketchup Packets that we use in our break room. 200 / 7gm Ketchup Packets per box.


Q: Is there a guide/walkthrough for your games?
A: Look for the wikia link in game's page. If there is one, official guide is on game's wikia.
Q: Are there cheats in the game?
A: Cheats are premium content for supporters. They activate after inserting a premium code.
Q: The game does not run on my computer.
A: Check out the readme.txt file in game's directory. Required software to run the game is listed there. If you have the software and the game still doesn't run, try to run setup.exe in game's directory and set anti-aliasing off.


Born and raised in Italy, Ada has now been living in the Netherlands for three years. After a poor attempt at studying Political Science, she is now a Communication Science first year, trying her best. Currently developing a recipe for a kaassoufflé pizza to bring together all sides of her personality, she likes politics, food and pretentious foreign movies and other things that nobody cares about.
Alma van den Berg is behalve gastredacteur, ook docent én tutor van de bachelor Communicatiewetenschap.
Alvaro was born in the Basque Country, Spain, and has been living in Amsterdam for some time now while studying Political Communication at UvA. Alvaro likes politics, photography, music and film, but spends most of his time struggling to keep up with life.
Hi! My name is Amber. I have had a passion for writing and drawing from a young age. In my day-to-day life I like watching documentaries, doing yoga and getting to know new things and people. I have very broad interests but one thing that has always interested me is the entertainment industry, since it is so big and influential. I strive to always gain new experiences and in the future I hope to see many interesting places in the world.
Angela was born in Vietnam, raised in Singapore, lived in Cambodia, and is now dedicating her next few years of her life in the Netherlands. After three crazy years studying at a media-focused high school, she decided to continue studying communication again at the UvA, which she enjoys greatly. She is also now the secretary of Mercurius, and the coordinator of Medium Magazine and the Promotion Committee. If she has the luxury of time, she can be found binge-watching Brooklyn Nine-Nine or devouring her favourite Dutch desserts.
Bert Bakker is behalve gastredacteur, ook docent Inferentiële Statistiek en Psychology in Political Communciation aan de opleiding Communicatiewetenschap.
Christian Manuputty (23) heeft inmiddels een bachelordiploma CW op zak en is sinds 2014 onderdeel van Medium als redacteur (voorheen ook eindredacteur) en presentator van MediumTV. Daarnaast was Christian ooit redactiestagiair bij Quote, vult hij regelmatig de websites Adformatie, Communicatie Online en Marketing Online en is hij stiekem fan van ABBA.
Hailing from the island of sun and sand, Barbados, self-proclaimed adventurer Erica, is a seasoned world traveller currently lost in Amsterdam. And she's loving every minute. After four years of learning, travelling and self-discovery in China, Erica's next adventure is as a Communication Science student, who has a passion for languages, music and life.
Estelle Cool (24) is the chairwoman of study association Mercurius and the coordinator of Medium. Currently a graduate student in Corporate Communication, she hopes to receive her masters degree by the summer of 2018. You can wake her up for a glass of wine, pizza and cuddling with cats.
Eva was born in Slovakia, grew up surrounded by mountains and snow. She is currentlygetting used to the change of pace living in Amsterdam, surrounded by flatland and rain(yikes!). But hey, at least it makes you bike faster. She enjoys skiing, skating, hockey andpretty much any sport that does not involve a ball. Her passions are journalism and thewritten word in general, but she also loves filmography and sporadically indulges in good oldtrashy TV.
For the Dutch Eva (18), studying communication science at UvA is a home game. Feeling as if she's taking it like a duck to water at UvA and looking for new experiences, she joined Medium Magazine right at the start of her first year. With a fascination for journalism (especially when it contains graphic images) that goes beyond boundaries, she hopes to transfer this fascination to Medium's readers as well.
Fabian (20) is a third year Communication Science student. This is his second year in Medium. Fabian has a passion for sports and journalism. So he would love to have a job at the sports department of a news agency. For Medium he often writes articles about media & entertainment. But don't be surprised if you're reading an interview or something about politics.
This French globe-trotter, with a disputable sense of humour, has found a true home in The Netherlands. After 4 years in Groningen, she indefinitely traded her French Baguette for a Broodje-kroket and moved to Amsterdam to pursue a Master in Communication Science. Gabby in one word: upbeat; as much in her personality as when she is behind the DJ decks. Some say it may be related to her caffeine addiction.
Born and raised in Italy, Gilda (19) has recently moved to the Netherlands to continue her studies. In 2015 she was an exchange student in Copenhagen, Denmark: an experience able to change radically her viewpoint on the world. Deeply in love and addicted to any expression of art, in the free time she likes to write, read books or shoot photos of whatever inspires her. She has also been acting for the past 5 and a half years. If asked about future plans and career aspirations, Gilda replies by saying that she wants to become a journalist, yet trying to incorporate all her interests into a single, unique life project.
Hahae (18) is Korean. Her least favorite question is, "North or South?" Most of her life was spent hopping between the United States and the tiny island of Singapore. Now, she lives in the Netherlands. Ze spreekt een klein beetje Nederlands. In her spare time, Hahae likes to cycle and cook. And eat. And eat. Hahae also likes to write. As you can tell from this paragraph, she's still working on that particular skill.
Gratefully writing a monthly column, Henrike's mission is to connect the best of both worlds from Communication Sciences to Cultural Studies. In 20 years, she sees herself either as a Journalist or a Midwife. Henrike is 21 years old and from Germany. Why she decided to study in the Netherlands is a question, she hasn't even answered yet. It's cool though. In the meantime and for distraction, she does Karate and steals tea at Singel Library.
Ivo is the '18/'19 Online Chef for Medium Magazine. This is his first year at Medium for Ivo, being not only highly motivated but also enormously thrilled to set forth this great student platform together with his fellow students. Besides a sports fan, Ivo enjoys exercising himself and occasionally withdraws himself from this busy world to enjoy a good book.
Third-year Communication Science student Jorrit (20) devotes nearly all his time to watching sports and listening to hip hop. Hoping to finally graduate in 2019, he now finds himself working for Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf and setting up various projects of his own. Due to Jorrits wide interest, articles written by him cover a broad variety of different topics.
Kajsa grew up in Stockholm, Sweden, but has now moved to Amsterdam to pursue her dreams of becoming queen of the universe, or maybe at least journalist or political campaigner. She designs and makes her own clothing and likes art, books, chocolate and turtlenecks.
Hailing from Indonesia, Karina is currently studying Communication Science at UvA. Whenever she's not stressing about the films she's going to watch next, you can find her reading history books or napping.
Kim van Halen (23) has completed the bachelor Communication- and Informationscience at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. She started the master track Entertainment Communication in February 2018 and already feels sorry that it is only a one year during track. The positive effects of media interest her the most. Beside studying and writing she watched films (as much as she can) and loves photography, soccer, craft beer, and people with humour.
Kristina (20) is a Bulgarian immigrant who has spend a majority of her life in the Netherlands. Growing up between two cultures has led to a life long fascination with the effects of language and culture. Through writing, she hopes to make sense of the countless observations and mindless ideas which pop up into her head every so often.
Kyle is a 20-year old Dutch second-year student living in Zevenhoven. Kyle is a final editor for Medium but isn't afraid to dip his toes in MediumTV, writing or even podcasting waters. With his interests being investigative journalism, politics, sport and everything media related, you will see him write a column here and there.


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text:
namespace ofp {

class Writable;
class Channel;
class MessageInfo;

OFP_BEGIN_IGNORE_PADDING

/// \brief Implements a protocol message buffer.
class Message {
 public:
  // Flags used (in version field) to indicate pre-processing errors.
  enum : UInt8 {
    kTooBigErrorFlag = 0xE0,
    kInvalidErrorFlag = 0xF0,
  };

  explicit Message(Channel *channel) : channel_{channel} {
    buf_.resize(sizeof(Header));
  }

  Message(const void *data, size_t size) : channel_{nullptr} {
    assert(size >= sizeof(Header));
    buf_.add(data, size);
    assert(header()->length() == size);
  }

  UInt8 *mutableDataResized(size_t size) {
    buf_.resize(size);
    return buf_.mutableData();
  }

  void shrink(size_t size) {
    assert(size <= buf_.size());
    buf_.resize(size);
  }

  void removeFront(size_t bytes) {
    assert(bytes <= buf_.size());
    buf_.remove(buf_.data(), bytes);
  }

  UInt8 getByteAtIndex(size_t offset) const {
    assert(offset < buf_.size());
    return buf_.data()[offset];
  }

  void setByteAtIndex(UInt8 val, size_t offset) {
    assert(offset < buf_.size());
    buf_.mutableData()[offset] = val;
  }

  const Header *header() const { return Interpret_cast<Header>(buf_.data()); }

  Header *mutableHeader() {
    return reinterpret_cast<Header *>(buf_.mutableData());
  }

  void setData(const UInt8 *data, size_t length) { buf_.set(data, length); }
  void setSource(Channel *source) { channel_ = source; }
  void setInfo(MessageInfo *info) { info_ = info; }
  void setTime(const Timestamp &time) { time_ = time; }
  // N.B. This does not set multipart flags...
  void setMsgFlags(OFPMessageFlags msgFlags) { msgFlags_ = msgFlags; }

  const UInt8 *data() const { return buf_.data(); }
  size_t size() const { return buf_.size(); }

  Timestamp time() const { return time_; }
  MessageInfo *info() const { return info_; }
  MessageType msgType() const { return MessageType{type(), subtype()}; }
  OFPType type() const { return header()->type(); }
  OFPMultipartType subtype() const;
  OFPMultipartFlags multipartFlags() const;
  OFPMessageFlags msgFlags() const { return msgFlags_ | multipartFlags(); }
  Channel *source() const { return channel_; }
  UInt32 xid() const { return header()->xid(); }
  UInt8 version() const { return header()->version(); }
  bool isRequestType() const;

  bool isValidHeader();
  void normalize();

  /// Send an error message back to the source of the message.
  void replyError(OFPErrorCode error,
                  const std::string &explanation = "") const;

  void assign(const Message &message) { buf_ = message.buf_.toRange(); }

 private:
  ByteList buf_;
  Channel *channel_;
  Timestamp time_;

  // MessageInfo stores extra information about the message's session (src,
  // dest, filename, etc.) It is *not* owned by the message object.
  MessageInfo *info_ = nullptr;
  OFPMessageFlags msgFlags_ = OFP_DEFAULT_MESSAGE_FLAGS;

  // Used by the ProtocolMsg::cast(message) operator.
  template <class MsgType>
  const MsgType *castMessage(OFPErrorCode *error) const;

  friend llvm::raw_ostream &operator<<(llvm::raw_ostream &os,
                                       const Message &msg) {
    return os << msg.buf_;
  }

  friend class Normalize;

  template <class MsgClass, OFPType MsgType, size_t MsgMinLength,
            size_t MsgMaxLength, bool MsgMultiple8>
  friend class ProtocolMsg;
};

OFP_END_IGNORE_PADDING

// Provides convenient implementation of message cast.
template <class MsgType>
const MsgType *Message::castMessage(OFPErrorCode *error) const {
  assert(type() == MsgType::type());

  size_t length = size();
  assert(length == header()->length());

  Validation context{this, error};

  UInt8 versionFlag = version() & 0xF0;
  if (versionFlag) {
    if (versionFlag == kTooBigErrorFlag)
      context.messagePreprocessTooBigError();
    else if (versionFlag == kInvalidErrorFlag)
      context.messagePreprocessFailure();
    return nullptr;
  }

  if (!MsgType::isLengthValid(length)) {
    context.messageSizeIsInvalid();
    return nullptr;
  }

  const MsgType *msg = Interpret_cast<MsgType>(data());
  if (!msg->validateInput(&context)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  return msg;
}

}  // namespace ofp

#endif  // OFP_MESSAGE_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The blogging has slowed, but not due to a lack of beer adventures. Before I get to a few longer posts, I'll catch-up with some quick-hitters.
Lancaster Brewing Company is one of my favorite Pennsylvania breweries, so I picked up their variety pack from Total Wine and More in McLean, Virginia. Thumbs-up on the unique packaging, but I probably paid a little extra for the 12-pack dressed as a barn.
Hop Hog IPA, an impressive IPA that is well-balanced, refreshing, and strong (7.9%). Featured in Session 5 (December 2005) of the Boa Beer Sampling Series, which featured IPAs.
Strawberry Wheat, an American wheat beer, with the subtle taste of strawberries. Light and crisp, and not too fruity.
It looks like Lancaster is joining the craft-beer-in-a-can movement. I just read on their web site that their summer seasonal, the new German-style Kölsch, is available in cans – a perfect summer beer in perfect summer packaging. I think I like craft beer in a can better than a 12 pack dressed as a barn!


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The cable drum is a Made in Germany product. Every cable comes with an own, specific measuring protocol.
ALVA offers a special and quick service for replacements.
*Other lenghts available on request.
all RME products with optical MADI I/O´s.


text:
National Schools Directories
Back to School Special: Profiles submitted during the Month of September will receive (6) additional months for an 18 month listing. Special ends 9/30/19.
K12 Academics has the largest database of Schools in the United States. When contacting the school of your choice be sure to mention you found them on K12 Academics!
ADHD Schools: Independent, Day and Boarding Schools offering services for Children with ADD, ADHD.
Adult Schools : Adult Basic Education (ABE), General Education Development (GED), High School Completion (HSC), English as a Second Language (ESL), Adult Literacy Programs, Adult High Schools, College Transition Programs (CT), Adult Secondary Education (ASE), Employment Preparation Education (EPE), Welfare Education Program (WEP), Night Schools, Community Schools, External Diploma Program (EDP), Workplace Literacy (WPL), Learning Disability (LD)
All Boys Schools: Alternative Schools, Boarding Schools, Catholic Schools, Charter Schools, Jewish Schools, Military Schools, Special Education Schools, Therapeutic Schools.
All Girls Schools: Alternative Schools, Boarding Schools, Catholic Schools, Charter Schools, Jewish Schools, Military Schools, Special Education Schools, Therapeutic Schools.
Alternative Schools: Democratic Schools, Krishnamurti Schools, Reggio Emilia Schools, Progressive Schools, Sudbury Schools
Armenian Schools: K-12 Armenian Schools in the United States.
Alternative Programs: At Risk, Alternative Classrooms, School within-a-school, Juvenile Justice Centers, Conflict Resolution Training, Substance Abuse Prevention, Emotional, Eating Disorder, Sexual Abuse, Homeless Education, Summer School, Life Skills Training, Dropout Prevention, GED Classes, Teen & Pregnant Mothers\
American Schools: Overseas and International Schools offering U.S. curriculum.
Augustinian Schools: K-12 Schools founded or administered by the Augustinian Family, including the Order of Saint Augustine, Order of Augustinian Recollects and others.
Autism Schools: A mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.
Baptist Schools: K-12 Baptist Schools in the United States.
Benedictine Schools: K-12 Catholic Benedictine Schools in the United States.
Bilingual Immersion Programs: Two-Way Bilingual Immersion Programs in the United States.
Blind Schools:Nonpublic and State run Public Schools offering services for students with Visual Impairment.
Boarding Schools: Military Schools, Boarding Schools, Boys' Schools, Girls' Schools, Junior Boarding Schools & Christian Boarding Schools.
Catholic Schools: Day, Boarding, Day & Boarding, Male, Female, Co-ed, Mixed PreK-12th Grade Catholic Schools.
Charter Schools : Art-Based Schools, Core Knowledge Schools, Montessori Schools, Special Needs Schools, Virtual/Cyber Schools, Vocational Schools
Chinese Schools: K-12 Chinese Schools in the United States.
Classical Christian Schools: Classical, Christian schools provide the best possible education to help every child reach their God-given potential.
Classical Lutheran Schools: K-12 Classical Lutheran Schools in the United States.
Christian Brothers Schools: The Congregation of Christian Brothers is a worldwide religious community within the Catholic Church, founded by Edmund Rice
Christian Schools: Day, Boarding, Classical, Day & Boarding, Male, Female, Co-ed, Mixed PreK-12th Grade Christian Schools.
Cristo Rey Schools: Cristo Rey Schools are a Network of Catholic Schools for low-income families for post-secondary educational opportunities. Cristo Rey schools admit students of all faiths and cultures, and on average 40% of Cristo Rey students are not Catholic.
Country Day Schools: K-12 Private Country Day Schools.
Deaf Schools: Education of students with a variety of hearing levels which addresses their differences and individual needs.
Democratic Schools: Democratic education is an educational ideal in which democracy is both a goal and a method of instruction. It brings democratic values to education and can include self-determination within a community of equals, as well as such values as justice, respect and trust. Democratic education is often specifically emancipatory, with the students' voices being equal to the teacher's.
Dominican Schools: Catholic Schools founded by the Dominican Order in the United States. Some are under diocesan control and no longer directly run by the order.
Dutch Schools: K-12 Dutch Schools in the U.S.
Dyslexia Schools: Trouble with reading despite normal intelligence
Early Colleges: Middle Colleges, Early Colleges, Gateway to College Programs
Episcopal Schools: Day, Boarding, Day & Boarding, Male, Female, Co-ed, Mixed PreK-12th Grade Episcopal Schools.
Essential Schools: Schools characterized by personalization, democracy and equity, intellectual vitality and excellence, and graduates who experience success in all aspects of their lives: educational, professional, civic, and personal.
French Schools: International Schools, Private, Day, Boarding, Boys, Girls, Non-denominational
Friends Schools: Quaker, Friends, Day, Boarding, Day & Boarding, Male, Female, Co-ed, Mixed PreK-12th Grade Friends Schools.
German Schools: K-12 German Schools in the U.S.
Gifted Schools: NCSSSMST Schools, Early Entrance to College Programs, State Sponsored Programs, Boarding Schools & Independent Schools
Greek Orthodox Schools:K-12 Greek Orthodox Schools in U.S.
Green Schools: Green Schools are helping to create a healthier environment and community as a whole.
Heritage Language Programs: Community Programs, K-12 Schools, Higher Education and Camps teaching culture, heritage and language.
Hindi Schools: Hindi is a standardized and Sanskritized register of the Hindustani language. Hindi is one of the official languages of India.
Holy Child Schools: Society of the Holy Child Jesus is an international community of Roman Catholic sisters founded in England in 1846 by Philadelphia-born Cornelia Connelly. Cornelia converted to the Roman Catholic Church in 1835. The Society was approved in 1887 by Pope Leo XIII, and the rules and constitutions were confirmed and ratified by him in 1893.
IB World Schools: Public & Private Schools. Primary Years Programmes, Middle Years Programmes & Diploma Programmes
Independent Schools: Boys, Girls, Co-ed Mixed, Boarding, Prep, Montessori, Waldorf, Friends, Islamic, Christian, Lutheran, Catholic, Jewish, International, Special, Day, IB World, Grammar, Alternative, Mennonite, Armenian
Islamic Schools: Prek-12th Grade Private, Independent Islamic Schools
International Schools: International Schools around the world.
Jesuit Schools: Jesuit High Schools in the U.S.
Jewish Schools: Day, Boarding, Day & Boarding, Conservative, Male, Female, Co-ed, Mixed PreK-12th Grade Jewish Schools.
Korean Scools: K-12 Korean Schools in the U.S.
Laboratory Schools : Laboratory School, Campus School, University School, Child Study Institute, Research School, Charter School, International School, Academy Developmental Center
Latin Schools: K-12 Latin Schools in the U.S.
LEAF Schools :
Lithuanian Schools: K-12 Lithuanian Schools in the U.S.
Lutheran Schools: Early Education, K-8, High Schools.
Magnet Schools: Elementary, Middle and High School Magnet Schools.
Mennonite Schools: Early Childhood, Elementary, Middle & High Schools in the United States.
Mercy Schools: Mercy schools, though geographically and culturally diverse, share a common heritage, legacy and mission. Committed to meeting the current needs of children, young women and men, Mercy secondary and elementary education remains a vital component of the works of the Sisters of Mercy and their partners.
Military Schools: Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps (JROTC), Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC), Military Schools, Federal Service Academies, Cadet Corps, Military Junior Colleges and State Sponsored Academies
Montessori Schools: Early Education, K-8, High Schools.
Online Schools: Cyber Schools, Distance Education Programs, On-line Schools
Pentecostal Schools: Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a renewal movement within Protestant Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through baptism with the Holy Spirit.
Performing Arts Schools: K-12 Performing Arts Schools in the United States
Post-Graduate Schools: All Boys Schools, All Girls Schools, Arts Schools, Boarding Schools, Catholic Schools, Christian Schools, Episcopal Schools, Friends Schools, Jewish Schools, Military Schools, Special Education Schools
Presbyterian Schools : K-12 Presbyterian Schools in the U.S.
Preschools: Licensed Child Care Centers, Licensed Child Care Providers, Babysitters, Family Child Care Homes, Preschools, Nursery Schools in the U.S.
Progressive Schools: Progressive education is a pedagogical movement which emphasizes on learning by doing - hands-on projects, expeditionary learning, experiential learning
Public Schools: Public Schools in the United States.
Recovery Schools: Recovery Schools are secondary schools designed specifically for students in recovery from substance use disorder or dependency.
Reggio Emilia Schools : Reggio Emilia is an educational philosophy focused on preschool and primary education. The aim of this approach is teaching how to use these symbolic languages (eg., painting, sculpting, drama) in everyday life. The program is based on the principles of respect, responsibility, and community through exploration and discovery in a supportive and enriching environment based on the interests of the children through a self-guided curriculum.
Russian Schools: K-12 Russian Schools in the U.S.
Sacred Heart Schools: Catholic Independent Schools in the United States. Sacred Heart is one of the most widely practiced and well-known Roman Catholic devotions, taking Jesus Christ's physical heart as the representation of his divine love for humanity.
Salesian Schools: Salesian schools is a generic term for educational institutions run by the Roman Catholic Salesian Congregation of Saint John Bosco (or Don Bosco), and those that use his methods. Salesian schools are dedicated to young people in an educational and formative environment.
Semester Schools: Gifted, Boarding Schools.
Seventh-Day Adventist Schools: Early Education, K-8, High Schools.
Special Education Schools: Schools for students with developmental, neurological and learning disabilities.
STEM Schools: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics High Schools in the U.S.
Sudbury Schools: A Sudbury school is for the K-12 age range where students have complete responsibility for their own education, and the school is run by direct democracy in which students and staff are equals. Students individually decide what to do with their time, and tend to learn as a by-product of ordinary experience rather than through coursework.
Summer Schools : Academic Enrichment, Academics Remediation, AP Credit Course, Arts & Theatre Program, Career Exploration, College Preparation and Enrichment, Community Service, ESL/TOEFL, Internship, Language & Cultural Immersion Programs, Leadership Training, Learning Disability, Mentorship Program, Outdoor & Environmental Education, Political Education, SAT Review, Prep, Technology & Computer, Traditional Summer School and Youth Travel Programs
Tamil Schools: Tamil is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka, and also by the Tamil diaspora, Sri Lankan Moors, Burghers, Douglas, and Chindians.
Therapeutic Programs: Co-ed, Boys only, Girls only, Wilderness Programs, Outdoor Therapeutic Programs, Residential Treatment Center, Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare Programs, Therapeutic Boarding Schools, Youth Adult Programs, Transitional Living, Impatient & Residential Treatment Centers, Specialized Boarding Schools, Young Adult Programs, Emotional Growth Boarding Schools & Therapeutic Wilderness Programs.
Umbrella Schools: Alternative education school which serves to oversee the homeschooling of children to fulfill government educational requirements.
Ukrainian Schools: K-12 Ukrainian Schools in the U.S.
Vocational Schools: Career Centers, Agricultural Schools, Technical Schools, Adult Education, CTE Programs, Skills Centers and Vocational Schools in the United States
Waldorf Schools:: Private Waldorf School
- Augustinian Schools
- Community Schools
- Hospital Schools
- I-12 Schools: Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)-certified schools and programs eligible to enroll F-1 and M-1 students in the United States
- JROTC Programs
- Methodist Schools
- Native Indian Schools
- Pentecostal Schools
- Salesian Schools
- Space Programs


text:
Pokémon (species)
Several different species of Pokémon
Pokémon (Japanese: ポケットモンスター Pocket Monsters; ポケモン Pokémon for short) are fictional creatures that are central to the Pokémon franchise. There are currently 824 known species that inhabit the Pokémon world; however, it is implied that there are more waiting to be discovered. Inherent to them are several fantastic powers not demonstrated by most real animals, such as the manipulation of electricity or fire. Pokémon are shown to exist instead of animals in their world, although animals are also seldom seen in older media.
While most Pokémon resemble animals and may behave like them, there are many that do not resemble animals at all; taking on other forms such as plants, inanimate objects, machines, human-like forms or other more enigmatic and exotic appearances. Pokémon inhabit an extremely diverse range of habitats, ranging from the driest deserts to the lushest jungles, the deepest oceans to the highest mountains and everything else in-between, even outer space and other dimensions. Pokémon take up various ways of living in those places. However, all can be befriended and made into potential allies.
Many Pokémon are able to evolve from or into other Pokémon, a process that typically makes them larger and stronger, and more closely resembles growth and development or metamorphosis rather than evolution in the real world. Pokémon typically know several techniques that they can use in battle or elsewhere, either to defend themselves or their Trainer, or to perform a task. In the anime, most Pokémon are known only to say their name. In the games, each Pokémon has a distinct voice associated with each species.
1 In the games
1.1 Construction
In the games
Pokémon have been, from the very beginning, spoken of as friends and partners to the humans of the Pokémon world, helping them with various tasks from constructing buildings to exploration. Many people in the Pokémon world take Pokémon with them on a journey to gather Badges and compete in the various Pokémon Leagues as Trainers, using them in battles against Pokémon both owned by other Trainers and found in the wild. In the Alola region, Pokémon and Trainers instead take on trials in the island challenge on their journey. In addition, there are many different tournaments in which Trainers can compete together with their Pokémon, such as Pokémon Contests and the Pokéathlon.
Across the seven generations of games, Pokémon are typically found in one of five manners: encountering them in tall grass, finding them in caves or ruins, going fishing for them, surfing on water, or trading with an NPC. These are often joined by several more ways in which to encounter Pokémon, such as headbutting trees, obtaining and hatching Eggs, or using the Poké Radar.
In the games, Pokémon are no more than fragments of data, identifying certain characteristics inherent to them. As the games have progressed, more data is added to each Pokémon, typically to reference new features introduced in games of the new generation.
The methodology for construction of Pokémon data changes across generations. For the different constructions, see Pokémon data structure in Generation I, Pokémon data structure in Generation II, Pokémon data structure in Generation III, Pokémon data structure in Generation IV, Pokémon data structure in Generation V, Pokémon data structure in Generation VI, and Pokémon data structure in Generation VII.
In the anime, Pokémon are shown to be creatures with distinctively more anthropomorphic qualities than real-world animals, with several even able to speak. Some Pokémon have the ability to speak the dubbing language instead of their own names, such as Meowth of Team Rocket. They also seem to be able to mostly understand human language, while most humans cannot understand Pokémon speech, although there are a few who claim they can. Most species speak only one word: their own name, e.g. Pikachu saying "Pika! Pikachu!" and so forth.
The anime takes a clear stance of right and wrong on the use of Pokémon: Trainers such as Ash are shown to treat their Pokémon with respect, as partners and friends, while evil organizations like Team Rocket are shown to use Pokémon as mere tools, keeping them in cages, making them fight to exhaustion—a stark contrast to Ash and his Pikachu, who he treats as his best friend and keeps on his shoulder, rather than in a Poké Ball, because of its own preference.
The anime has given a more in-depth history of human interaction with Pokémon than is given by the games: In The Birth of Mewtwo radio drama, it is implied that Pokémon came into the world after the human species did. Poké Balls have not existed forever, and are in reality an apparently recent development, with one owned by a young Professor Oak being shown to be vastly different than ones used in modern times.
Prior to the invention and mass-production of Poké Balls, people tended to use hollowed-out Apricorns, native to the Johto region, to catch Pokémon, while even further back, Pokémon were not known as "Pokémon" at all, but as "magical creatures" (Japanese: 魔獣 majuu). In these times, many Pokémon were apparently feared because of their powers, sometimes so great that the most powerful of these monsters passed into legend and were often seen as deities in their own right.
Interestingly, Ash and his friends, through their interaction with history in Arceus and the Jewel of Life, seemingly invented the term "Pokémon" to refer to these creatures. This, however, creates a bootstrap paradox, as their knowledge and use of the word comes only from its wide use in their future time. What may remain true is that the term came into practice elsewhere on its own.
The guidebook Pocket Monsters: The Animation gave a bit more detail on the Pokémon. Specifically, they were rumored to have been created by God on the seventh day of creation as "doodles", and since they were created on holiday, they were commanded to neither rule over nor be ruled by humanity. It also inferred that they had some relation to merpeople and dragon myths, and that their species was discovered by a French nobleman named Count Tajirin (a subtle reference to franchise creator Satoshi Tajiri) during the 18th century.
Animals in the Pokémon world
Pokémon individuality
Level • Statistics • Friendship • Gender • Ability • Nature • Characteristic
Effort values • Individual values • Awakening values
Condition • Performance • Affection
This Pokémon article is part of Project Pokédex, a Bulbapedia project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each Pokémon as a species.
Retrieved from "https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/w/index.php?title=Pokémon_(species)&oldid=2924085"


OTTAWA—The pressure on the federal government to pull Bombardier Inc. out of its latest nosedive mounted Wednesday as the struggling Montreal aerospace giant slashed more than 10 per cent of its Canadian workforce.
The gloomy layoff news came with a silver lining, however: Air Canada's agreement to buy 45 planes from Bombardier's struggling CSeries aircraft line, with an option to purchase up to 30 more.
Nonetheless, the CSeries—behind schedule, about US$2 billion over budget and with fewer-than-expected buyers—is the primary reason for Bombardier's request for financial aid from the federal government.
The appeal to Ottawa came as the Quebec government pledged about US$1 billion in October to help complete the CSeries and reassure would-be buyers. Quebec Economy Minister Jacques Daoust said last fall he would ask Ottawa to match that amount.
The Ontario government could also find itself chipping in for Bombardier.
Sources say the Ontario, Quebec and federal governments have been discussing possible financial help from the province, but stressed that nothing had been finalized. They say Bombardier has not yet asked for any assistance from Ontario, where company documents say it employs more than 5,000 people.
Meanwhile, since coming to office, the new Liberal government in Ottawa has been mulling the Bombardier request, which has significant political ramifications in Quebec where most of the company's 24,000 Canadian workers are based.
The job-cut announcement Wednesday included 2,830 layoffs in Canada—2,400 of which were in Quebec—and 7,000 overall.
"It's always a sad moment when jobs are lost in this country," said federal Transport Minister Marc Garneau.
Garneau, however, did not provide any updates on the status of Bombardier's request. He repeated the message that the government was still doing its due diligence by examining the manufacturer's business case.
The federal government's plan is widely expected to be in its first budget, due late next month.
"It is, after all, a great deal of money … that we are entrusted with from the taxpayer, and we will make a decision in due course," Garneau said.
On the Air Canada deal, Garneau said he was encouraged by the progress and that Ottawa wants Canada to carry on its tradition of being a global leader in aviation and aerospace. He insisted the government had nothing to do with Air Canada's decision to buy Bombardier's planes.
The federal government considers Bombardier an "anchor firm" to Canada's aerospace industry because it supports a supply hub that employs tens of thousands more workers, according to internal documents prepared for Economic Development Minister Navdeep Bains.
The briefing material was obtained by The Canadian Press through the Access to Information Act.
Ottawa has lent money to Bombardier in the past.
Last fall, Industry Canada said Bombardier had received $1.3 billion in repayable contributions since 1966 and had repaid $543 million as of Dec. 31, 2014. That amount includes $350 million in loans Ottawa gave to Bombardier in 2008 for CSeries-related research and development.
Bombardier CEO Alain Bellemare continued to press Ottawa on Wednesday to come through once again.
Bellemare said that Bombardier may have borrowed about $1 billion since the mid-1980s, but it generated more than $15 billion in government tax revenue over that period.
"You can do the math—that is the reason why countries around the world invest in aerospace," Bellemare told The Canadian Press in an interview in Montreal.
Once the company starts delivering the CSeries aircraft, it will be in a position to repay any outstanding loans to Ottawa, Bellemare insisted.
Back on Parliament Hill, opposition MPs assailed the government over the controversy—but for diametrically opposed reasons.
NDP Leader Tom Mulcair accused the Liberals of being silent and urged them to step up with assistance.
"If over the last four months we had even the slightest signal from the Liberals, maybe we wouldn't have lost these 7,000 jobs," Mulcair said.
And while Quebec Conservative MP Maxime Bernier called the layoffs "very tough news" for affected families, he said over the long term it might make the company more competitive.
The best way to help a company like Bombardier is to lower taxes for all businesses and allow the market to decide its fate, Bernier argued. The Tories are opposed to any direct subsidy for Bombardier, he added.
Bernier, an ex-cabinet minister, was part of the former Conservative government that, along with the Ontario government, bailed out the sputtering auto industry in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.
Earlier Wednesday, Quebec Premier Philippe Couillard compared that multibillion-dollar lifeline for the auto sector to the Bombardier situation and demanded Ottawa invest in the company.
"If the auto industry has been supported by taxpayer money, which is fine, then the aeronautical industry of Montreal needs also to be supported," Couillard said in Quebec City.
If the federal Liberals ultimately decide to provide more cash to Bombardier, they could attempt to sell such a contentious decision to taxpayers by highlighting the CSeries' environmental advantages.
It could also provide political cover.
One of the jet's selling points is that it burns 20 per cent less fuel than competitors in its class.
Unprompted, Garneau made a point of underlining that feature Wednesday.
"The CSeries is a major advancement in aviation technology and supports our commitment to reducing aircraft emissions," said Garneau, whose party has made fighting climate change a government-wide priority.
The Liberals could also link Bombardier assistance to new international aviation fuel standards.
Last week in Montreal, the UN's International Civil Aviation Organization reached an agreement to impose binding limits on aircraft emissions. The proposed rules set new limits for aircraft in production delivered after 2023 and would apply to all new planes delivered after 2028.