This is the story of the development of St. Paul Evangelical Lutheran Church located at Clinton and Arabella Streets in Defiance, Ohio.
In the year 1867 a few members of St. John Lutheran Church, Wayne Avenue, Defiance, Ohio, became discontented. In February 1870 arbitrators, the Revs. Mr. Sibler and Mr. Strubnatzi of Fort Wayne, failed to obtain favorable results. Therefore, the dissatisfied separated from St. John German Lutheran Church. This separation was in consequence of synodical differences between the Buffalo and Missouri Synods, who differed chiefly in the doctrine of ministry and church. The Iowa Synod attempted to stand for conciliation and tolerance, especially when a very stark doctrine of Predestination was hurled into the controversy.
The mediated position of the Iowa Synod appealed to the group, who could see nothing in the predestination theory but to return to Dortrecht, and so on November 7, 1870, under the chairmanship of Rev. Mr. Kroenecke of Riga, Michigan. The St. Paul Evangelical Lutheran Church, Defiance, Ohio was organized. There were twenty-four members present.
The first church council elected by ballot was: Deacons: Wilhelm Dannenberg, C. Krull, and Friedrich Wolfrum (Secretary), and as Trustees- Adam Behringer, Andreas Martin (Treasurer), and John Schultz.
A ballot vote resulted in a call being sent to the Rev. John Deindoerfer to be the pastor.
Many resolutions were passed; the trustees were instructed to procure building lots, find a suitable dwelling for the pastor, etc.
All this organization completed at this November 7, 1870 meeting indicated that the congregation was starting with property.
The congregation rented for $70 and first worshiped in the small Universalist Church located at 319 Washington Ave. Defiance, which later became the Church of the Brethren. Here they were until November 1, 1871.
Soon after its organization, the congregation purchased three lots on the corner of Clinton and Arabella Streets, in front of the Union School Park, from H. C. Bouton. The cost of $1,200 was to be met in three installments. Many members furnished lumber for the building project. They then erected a small frame building at the rear of the corner lot facing Arabella Street for the purpose of a parochial school. The building was used for Primary Sunday School and Society purposes until our present Parish Hall was built in 1936. It was then sold for $100 to Mr. Sullinger, who used it as the core of his home, which he built at 319 East High Street.
A house for the pastor was rented at $10 a month.
On May 15, 1871, C. J. Johnson's plans "for the building on the corner of Clinton and Arabella Streets were submitted for approval and were accepted. The edifice, a solid brick building, 36×60 feet, with a spire in front about ninety feet high, cost about $6,000. The cornerstone was laid the summer of 1871. The money for this building was to be borrowed. The plan for the windows was changed to colored art glass and arched openings. The story is told that the fund for these windows was started by the men at the meeting emptying their pockets of money they had with them. One man gave all he had with him, although he was afraid to tell his wife about it. The Lord always provides for us! On the way home that night he found exactly seventy-five cents, so could meet his wife joyfully. This was Helmuth Jaeger. The finished church and steeple cost $6,314.33. The steeple cost $300. A well was dug in 1871.
The first pastor was the Rev. Johannes Deindoerfer. He was a native of Bavaria, Germany, graduated in Theology at Nuremburg and was ordained at Hamburg, Germany. He came to the United States in 1851 and settled in Saginaw, Michigan. He was one of the organizers of the German Lutheran Synod of Iowa and other states (Eastern District). In 1865 he took charge of St. John Lutheran Church in Toledo, Ohio. He then accepted the call to St. Paul Ev. Lutheran Church, December 20, 1870 and was installed as pastor January 8, 1871. He remained as pastor until March 1889, when he left to accept a call to Blissfield, Michigan. He was an earnest, conscientious man who directed the church commendably.
The first baptisms in 1870 were August 28, 1870- Friedrich Jaeger, born August 26, 1870, son of Helmuth and Sophia Jaeger and August 28, 1870- Charlotte Louise Koenig, born July 17, 1870 daughter of Albert Koenig, and November 6, 1870- Otto Wrede, born September 28, 1870, son of Adolph and Ann Wrede.
The children comprising the first Confirmation Class confirmed on "Quasimodogenite" 1871 were: Carl Behringer, Herman Biede, Henrich Kammeyer, Ernst Kefsler, Theodor Kefsler, Maria Schultz, Wilhelm Schultz, and Carl Trampe.
The first marriage was performed January 14, 1871 when Frederick Donnenberg and Maria Martin plighted troth.
When the church was dedicated in February 1872 there were "140 communicants and of their families and other members about 250 souls." There were spiritual and active members who were entitled to use the means of grace but could not vote, and such as could do both. To become a spiritual member one had to apply to the pastor for examination and recommendation. The voting members were accepted by ballot in a regular congregational business meeting.
In 1873 the first parsonage was built to the north of the church where the present church stands. This parsonage is in use today as it stands on Clinton Street across Monumental Park from our church.
A bell was cast in Germany arrived in Defiance via the Wabash Railroad. Helmuth Jaeger brought it in a spring wagon from the railroad to the church property. It was placed in the belfry in 1883. The bell's clear tones called many to worship and tolled the age of the person when the Lord called him to enter his heavenly home. Today this bell still calls for worship and tolls for the departed.
A spire about ninety feet high was added to the church in 1891. Later, October 2, 1934, the weather vane was removed and a $100 copper cross ( a donation from H. B. Tenzer) was placed on the spire.
The first congregational meeting was held in November 1870. Pastor Kranecke assisted in the organization. It was voted to call the Rev. Deindoerfer to be minister and teacher. He was to receive a yearly salary of $500 and a house rent free. It was also voted that the Rev. Deindoerfer should be president, Mr. Wolf, secretary, and Mr. Martin, treasurer of the congregation. All reports were kept in German.
The young people were to attend church more often. It was the custom for many years, yes, perhaps as late as 1915, for the men to all sit on the left side of the church and the women to all sit on the right side.
The Ladies Aid was helpful to the church. In 1889 they purchased an altar parament from Nuremburg, Germany for $59 plus 70 cents express charges. This was black felt, beautifully hand embroidered in white, depicting the sacrifice of Isaac by his father Abraham. This was always used at the Good Friday and Funeral services.
At first an organ was rented. Then in 1896 the Ladies Aid bought a pipe organ for $630; $200 of which was given by the church. This organ was dedicated February 23, 1896.
This was strictly a church having only German services, but a need for English services arose. Therefore on August 12, 1891 was begun the alternating of the German and English service in the mornings and evenings.
The Rev. J. F. Lorch of Chenoa, Illinois was called in September and installed October 27, 1918.
Some new things initiated in 1918 were the annual mission festival held in Latty's Grove (Now called Veteran's Memorial Park), communion services, namely for the English being held on Maundy Thursday, Pentecost, the first Sunday in October and Christmas, and for the German on Easter, Trinity Sunday, Reformation and the first of the Christmas services; Lenten services, and a special synodical collection taken at the door.
Innovation varied in 1919. The women were granted the right to vote if they were 18 years of age and were contributors. This January 6th decision meant much to the church for more women attended than men. Also, at this time it was decided that if a deceased person was a lodge member he could be buried from the church but there was to be no lodge service.
A new parsonage was built in 1919, the old parsonage was sold for $400.
Summer School was started with the pastor as the teacher. It was held 3 hours in the morning, for 4 days a week for 6 weeks, beginning when schools began their vacations. The pupils were treated at the end of the period.
Ushering began in February 1919, when the men worked in teams of 2. The first Sunday school board was appointed in April of 1919. On September 29, 1919 it was voted to have a homecoming for the boys who had served in World War I. A service flag with a star representing each boy and the American flag were proudly displayed in our church. A banquet the price being 25 cents was planned for the second Sunday in October.
The jubilee year for the church was 1920. The budget was $2,365, the pastor's salary was increased to $1,500 and the organist's salary increased to $180.
On Pentecost, May 5, 1920 reunions of the former Catechumens were held. The Ladies Bible Class donated individual communion cups June 2, 1920. These were used at the English services and the common chalice at the German service.
The Rev. Lorch resigned November 20, 1921. The Rev. Theodore Strauss filled the pulpit while there was no pastor. Then he was called to serve as pastor with $1,500 as his salary.
Improvements were always being made. January 22, 1922 English services were held every Sunday and at 11:00 a.m. every other Sunday the German services were held. June 8, 1922 the high pulpit was removed from the church.
In 1934, it was thought that a reception committee at the church door would let people know that we are a friendly people. Miss Wilhelmina Gherke offered her services.
Mrs. Mary S. Tenzer was a life member of St. Paul, her father was one of the founders of the church, Frederick Schultz. She had been a Sunday school teacher for many years and felt there was a need of a Parish Hall to be used for classes. She tried to influence her husband to give a sum of money for that purpose. She never realized her dream, but in 1935 the year following her passing, her husband gave a gift of $30,000, given in remembrance of his "beloved wife, the late Mary Tenzer and himself" to be used to build a parish hall.
The parish hall was built by Baker and Shindler Contracting Company as designed by Merritt and Cole. The hall provided individual classrooms varying in capacity upwards to forty pupils. The auditorium, with a seating capacity of over 300, includes a stage with dressing rooms and a movie projector booth. The basement interior with its walls of beautiful glazed brick provides a kitchen and a combination dining room and social room in which the fireplace gives a suitable setting for organization activities.
At this time the new chancel was added to the former church auditorium thus increasing the seating capacity. The church was completely renovated and redecorated. The church bell, pipe organ, pews and windows were retained from the old equipment.
The parish hall was dedicated on April 11, 1937, Easter Sunday. With special services held every night that week.
On May 14, 1944, the Rev. G. F. Shoup was installed as pastor of St. Paul. At this time, the congregation numbered 425 souls, 315 were communed members. 54 sons of the congregation were in their country's service, 2 having paid the supreme sacrifice. During the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the church, there was a ceremony to burn the mortgage of the parish hall.


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5 Famous Ancient Roman Gladiators
Who were the most renowned Roman gladiators? From slave rebel Spartacus to debauched emperor Commodus, they varied widely.
Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images
Before ancient Roman gladiators fought grisly battles in rowdy public arenas like the Colosseum, they squared off in much more solemn venues: funerals.
Early gladiator fights began in the 3rd century B.C.E. as ritual blood offerings to the spirits of recently departed nobles. That changed around 27 B.C.E. when Augustus took power in Rome, says Michael J. Carter, a classics professor at Brock University in Ontario: "He detaches gladiatorial combat from its purely funerary context and makes it into a regular part of the entertainment cycle in Rome." The shift gave rise to some of the most famous gladiators today: Spartacus, Spiculus, Marcus Attilius and more.
WATCH: Full episodes of Colosseum online now.
Most gladiators were enslaved people forced to fight. But a small contingent were free-born citizens who volunteered in hopes of earning money and fame. Before they could enter combat, gladiators trained for months in specialized schools managed by wealthy investors who profited from their fighters' success.
Contrary to popular perception, gladiators didn't necessarily battle to the death. Instead, fighting progressed until one of them surrendered, usually by holding up a single finger. All told, only between 10 and 20 percent of gladiators died during matches—a reflection, in part, of their high financial value to investors.
It wasn't easy for gladiators to stand out. Each warrior fought only two to three times per year, usually in events featuring 10 to 13 gladiator fights, according to Murray—with each individual match lasting about 10 to 15 minutes. But some, owing to their extravagant personalities, personal backgrounds or memorable performances, gained lasting renown via ancient artists or historians. Here are five gladiators still remembered centuries later:
Marcus Attilius
A free-born Roman, Attilius enrolled in gladiator school seemingly of his own volition—making him part of a small but elite pool of gladiators who volunteered to fight.
To make matches as equal as possible, Roman overseers generally assigned gladiators to compete against people of roughly similar experience level: novices against novices, experts against experts. But when Marcus Attilius first stepped into an amphitheater in Pompeii, as a "tiro"—a term for a new gladiator—he faced Hilarus, a veteran fighter who had won 12 out of 14 matches in his career, equal to several years of experience as a gladiator.
In a stunning performance, the young Marcus Attilius not only fought Hilarus to a surrender, but in his next battle, defeated another 12-time-winning gladiator. The back-to-back upsets prompted Pompeiian graffiti artists of the time to memorialize his achievement. While Attilius was likely not widely known across the Roman Empire—one scholar suggests his fame was only regional at best—his renown in Pompeii came at a convenient historical moment: In 79 A.D., just a few decades after Attilius's fights, Mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the city—and its graffiti—preserving his legacy for centuries.
WATCH: Gladiators: Blood Sport on HISTORY Vault.
Spiculus
Spiculus attended gladiator school in the Italian city of Capua, where he must have shown immense promise. In his first amphitheater match, he squared off against Aptonetus, a veteran gladiator and free Roman who had won 16 fights. In a stunning upset, Spiculus beat—then killed—Aptonetus. His triumph gained the attention of Rome's then-emperor Nero.
Taking a liking to Spiculus, Nero lavished him with gifts—including a palace. This placed the young gladiator in a peculiar social position: technically enslaved, but living in luxury, attended to by servants who were themselves enslaved.
In 68 A.D., as Nero faced a rebellion in the empire and near-certain death, he asked his friend Spiculus to execute him. But Spiculus either didn't get the message or refused, and Nero took his own life. Afterward, Roman citizens protesting his brutal reign began uprooting and destroying the emperor's statues; according to the writer Plutarch, the mob used them to crush his friend Spiculus to death.
READ MORE: Did Women Fight as Gladiators in Ancient Rome?
Commodus
Today, Commodus is best known as the "mad" emperor whose disastrous rule from 180 to 192 A.D. marked the end of Rome's golden era (also known as the Pax Romana). The son of Marcus Aurelius, Commodus became co-emperor with his father at age 16. He rose to power on his own in 180 A.D., after his father died—possibly from disease, possibly by murder.
Cruel, lewd and debauched, according to early historian Aelius Lampridius, Commodus kept a harem of 600 boys and young women and considered himself a god. Believing he was the reincarnation of Hercules, he often walked around the palace enrobed in the mythic strongman's signature lion skin.
Not surprisingly, Commodus also styled himself a gladiator. He purportedly entered the ring 735 times, often fighting against animals, but occasionally battling other gladiators. Commodus wasn't particularly skilled, but no rival fighter dared hurt or kill a reigning emperor, wrote historian Herodian; wounding Commodus seemed like a certain path to their own grisly death.
Read more stories about the history of Ancient Rome.
The Syrian-born gladiator, who rose to fame under the reign of Emperor Hadrian (117 to 138 A.D.), is best known for the length of his career, and for being awarded his freedom four times—and repeatedly turning it down. Flamma finished an impressive 34 matches, mostly in Sicily. He owed that long career not just to his success in the amphitheater, but also to the mercy of event organizers: He received some 13 reprieves, in which umpires either spared his life during a defeat or crowned both competitors as winners.
Flamma's record shows just how dependent gladiators were on the mercy of umpires, who could either save a losing gladiator's life or allow the opposing fighter to land a death blow. Flamma finally died at the age of 30, older than many of his peers.
Colored engraving of Spartacus (109-71 BC), ancient Roman leader of the slave revolt that evolved into the third Servile War
UniversalImagesGroup / Contributor
The most prominent gladiator in Ancient Rome never actually fought in an amphitheater at all. Spartacus, memorialized in the 1960 Kirk Douglas film of the same name, was likely born in the Balkans, and was sold into slavery to train at a gladiator school in Capua.
In 73 B.C.E., still early in his training, Spartacus grew fed up with the abuses of gladiator school. He ran away and took refuge on Mt. Vesuvius. Soon, thousands of other enslaved gladiators fled their schools and joined Spartacus, as he organized one of the most famous uprisings in ancient Rome: the Third Servile War. In 72 B.C.E., a year after he fled, Spartacus led an army of enslaved people—by some estimates, as many as 100,000—to fight the Romans in Gaul. His success spurred the Roman Empire into action, and at Lucania the next year, General Marcus Licinius Crassus crushed the rebels. Nearly all of Spartacus's army perished, including Spartacus himself.
Was Commodus the Worst Emperor in Ancient Roman History?
Did Women Fight as Gladiators in Ancient Rome?
10 Things You May Not Know About Roman Gladiators
11 Roman Emperors Who Helped Mold the Ancient World
8 Fascinating Facts About Ancient Roman Medicine
5 Extraordinary Ancient Stadiums That Influenced Future Arenas


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On Wine | Anne Schamberg
Blind Horse gallops onto winery scene in Sheboygan County
Courtesy of Blind Horse
Visitors tour the winery portion of the Blind Horse Restaurant & Winery in Kohler. The winery and tasting room, less than two miles from the American Club Resort, is holding its grand opening April 25-27. Nineteen wines will be featured.
Thomas Nye, Blind Horse general manager and winemaker, hopes production at the winery eventually rises to 10,000 cases a year.
By Anne Schamberg, Special to the Journal Sentinel
Wisconsin wineries just keep hatching. And the newest one on the scene will have you heading north to Kohler.
The Blind Horse Restaurant & Winery, 6018 Superior Ave., sits on 7 acres less than two miles from the American Club Resort.
The grand opening of the winery and tasting room is April 25 to 27. It will throw open the doors with 19 wines — from sweet Moscato ($16 a bottle) to a reserve Cabernet ($22 a bottle).
"That's a lot of wines to open with," said general manager and winemaker Thomas Nye. "A lot of wines had to be stored separately and then bottled. And a lot of labels had to be created and approved."
He figures that in September and October they crushed about 100,000 pounds of grapes, purchased from northern California and Washington state. And those grapes, once all the wine is bottled, will result in something like 2,000 cases of wine.
"We'll have wines for every palate from sweet to dry," he said. "But we really want to build our reputation — to be known for — our dry wines."
Blind Horse is owned by Bob and Connie Moeller and their son, Matt, and his wife, Heidi. They bought the landmark property with its 130-year-old brick farmhouse about two years ago.
The Blind Horse Restaurant, with its New American menu, opened a year and a half ago. It seats 90 people, with room for 100 more guests, as weather permits, out on the patio.
The name Blind Horse pays respect to Birdy, the blind workhorse that was a favorite of the Dreps family, who purchased the farm in 1862 and sold it in 1996.
"To tie in a little of the history of the property," Nye did some research at the Sheboygan Falls Historical Society and found photographs of Dreps family members — and those pictures are now featured on the backs of the wine bottles.
Each varietal has a picture "of a person who lived here in the last 100 years," he said.
Started in New Jersey
The 46-year-old Nye brings plenty of winemaking experience — and a wife who grew up in Sheboygan County — to the mix.
Thomas and Nancy Nye (nee Siefert)and their daughter had been living near Princeton, N.J., where they owned the Grape Escape, a custom winemaking facility.
As Nye tells it, "I was looking for a change and my wife wanted to come back home."
He began creating a business plan for a winery that he hoped would be the first in the Sheboygan area. And when he heard reports that there was a winery already in the works, his interest was piqued.
"I thought this would be a perfect place for a winery. I was worried that someone would beat me to it — and the Moellers did. But I've joined them now. And it's a perfect match," he said
Nye was hired to run the restaurant in the renovated farmhouse as well as the newly constructed winery and tasting room.
"It's a Napa-style restaurant and winery right here in Kohler," he says by way of a tag line.
'One-bite pairings'
Executive chef Nathan Goetsch and Nye have put together what they call "one-bite pairings," in which a flight of five little tastings of food is matched with five Blind Horse wines. They are available at the tasting room for $12 a flight.
A bite-size portion of shrimp ceviche with peppers, lemon, lime and cilantro might be served with a small pour of Sauvignon Blanc. And for the Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon, it could be a nibble of candied bacon with blueberry relish.
A tasting of five wines — your choice — without the food pairing is $6. And as a part of both tastings you get to keep the wine glass.
"Perfect food and wine pairings are what made me fall in love with wine," he said. "We want people to experience those on a daily basis."
He hopes the winery and restaurant will become a "day-type destination" where people can eat, tour the winery, enjoy live music on the patio and maybe go for a stroll to Restoration Gardens, a gift shop and garden center on the Blind Horse property.
Weddings and other special events can be booked here. And some festivals are already scheduled, such as the Art & Wine Festival on May 24 and 25 and the Gourmet Food Truck Festival on Aug. 16 and 17.
Corporate "team building" activities might include "meatball cooking competitions" and "winemaker-for-a-day" events. And groups or individuals will be able to use the facility to make their own wine in a "barrel ownership" program. He notes that these are the types of activities he offered at his company in New Jersey.
Planting 2 acres
Two acres of cold-hardy grapes are being planted this spring. And once the vines get going, visitors will be able to stroll through the little vineyard.
"We are seeking to make a wine with Wisconsin-grown grapes," he said, noting that some nearby farmers are testing several different grape varietals for him. But he emphasized that the focus at Blind Horse will remain on wines made with grapes purchased from California and Washington.
And he dreams that production will eventually go from 2,000 cases a year up to 10,000 cases.
"I know it's a lofty goal," he said.
Grand opening hours are 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. April 25 (ribbon cutting at 5 p.m.), 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. April 26 and 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. April 27.
For more information, call (920) 467-8599 or visit theblindhorse.com.
Anne Schamberg is a freelance writer who lives in Waukesha. Email her at aschamberg@aol.com.
About Anne Schamberg
Anne Schamberg is a freelance writer who lives in Waukesha.
aschamberg@aol.com
© 2016, Journal Sentinel Inc. All rights reserved.
Tags: Wisconsin wine | wine | drinks | wineries
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robertscott - Apr 25, 2014 10:13 PM - Report Abuse
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I stopped here after a business meeting at the American Club. If you like wine, you need to go here on your next trip to Kohler, Sheboygan, or on the way to/from Green Bay. They definitely have started in the right direction, the wines are good, and the facility is very inviting. Good luck with this venture.
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Why we must save the space shuttle: If the Int'l Space Station is disabled, we need a rescue fleet
By CHRISTOPHER KRAFT and SCOTT SPENCER
Jun 12, 2011 | 4:00 AM
Endeavour is one of the space shuttles being considered for Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum - but more than 20 cities are vying to get a shuttle. (NASA via Getty)
For more than 10 years, space crews from the United States, Russia and other countries have successfully lived and worked year round, in six-month shifts, on the International Space Station, where they have conducted scientific research. In the coming years, that work will continue - but with a crucial safeguard missing: the space shuttle fleet that gives human beings a unique capability to fix the space station's guidance system and rocket thrusters in the event of a terrible failure.
The shuttles are now about to retire - all of them, with no true replacements. This is an extremely dangerous development.
Loss of control of the space station would mean a catastrophic reentry into the Earth's atmosphere of the massive structure - the largest object ever placed in orbit around the Earth, measuring over three football fields long and weighing more than 400 tons.
The tons of falling debris that would survive reentry would pose an unprecedented threat to populated areas around the world.
Such an international catastrophe would have significant ramifications for foreign relations and liability for the United States, Russia and the other countries who participate as partners on the space station.
To be sure, the space station has numerous, triple-redundant life support and control systems that makes such a total technical failure unlikely. However, to say that it is so redundant that it could never happen ignores the tragic lessons learned due to the overconfidence in fail-safe technology in disasters throughout history, from the sinking of the Titanic to the nuclear reactor crisis in Japan.
In fact, the numerous space station backup systems offer little margin of safety in the event of damage from a fire, space junk impact or a potential collision from the more frequent docking of manned and unmanned commercial spacecraft resupply missions.
If the life support, guidance systems or rocket thrusters are damaged, the station could need a rapid rescue mission to stay in orbit. And as repair vehicles, the space shuttles have unique capabilities.
It's true that pallets on the space station are packed with spare parts needed for critical repairs, but none of them could be installed to repair and regain control and use of the $100 billion space station if it is deemed uninhabitable for repair crews. In that case, an independent repair spacecraft will be needed. And the Russian Soyuz space capsules and other commercial space capsules that are intended to replace the space shuttles lack the life support systems needed for the multiple six-hour repair spacewalks.
Only the space shuttles have the vital airlocks and life-support supplies - as well as the robotic arm that is needed to move the hardware necessary for the required two-person spacewalking repair crews.
Before the last scheduled shuttle flight lifts off early next month, an urgent discussion needs to take place between the United States and its International Space Station partners to keep the shuttle fleet in service to provide a vital safety margin for repairing the space station in the event of a critical systems failure.
In fact, to prevent any gap in this crucial repair capability, we urge NASA to delay the last shuttle launch so that additional external fuel tanks and other parts can be built to support additional shuttle flights in 2012.
We also request that Congress hold hearings on this matter. The space shuttle fleet provides the only insurance against a catastrophic reentry of the space station. With such valuable equipment in orbit - and the dangers should that equipment fall to Earth - it is never wise to play Russian roulette in space.
Kraft is the former director of NASA's Manned Spaceflight Center in Houston. Spencer is a transportation management consultant in Wilmington, Del.


text:
Christchurch District
The Broken Heartbreakers and Bond Street Bridge Summer Tour
Sat 7 Jan 2012, 8:00pm
Where: The Brewery, 3 Garlands Road, Woolston, Christchurch
www.bondstreetbridge.blogspot.com
The Broken Heartbreakers,
Bond Street Bridge
Listed by: Rachel Bailey
The Broken Heartbreakers and Bond Street Bridge are delighted to announce dates for their forthcoming New Zealand tour in January 2012, bringing folk-pop harmonies and jangling guitars to some of their favourite venues around New Zealand.
The BHBs are returning briefly to these shores for a summer tour after over a year performing in and around Europe (including Germany, Spain, The UK and France) and after an extended stay in The Irish Republic. The BHB duo of Rachel Bailey and John Guy Howell will be rejoined on this tour by friend and multi-instrumentalist extraordinaire, Sam Prebble.
Prebble will also be performing solo on this tour under his Bond Street Bridge moniker, playing material from his sophomore album Spring Summer Awesome Winter, released in mid-2011 to glowing reviews. The last time Sam played with the Heartbreakers was in mid 2010 on a winter tour to mark the release of the band's album Wintersun, and since then he has been touring extensively in Europe and New Zealand. The trio are looking forward to reuniting on this tour and sharing stories and new songs.
"It's great to be hooking up with Sam again after a year and a half performing as a duo. The trio format retains the intimacy of the two piece, whilst adding a sonic dimension and colour that really brings the songs to life." says Howell.
The Broken Heartbreakers released a debut EP Everyone's waiting for their darlin' in 2006 followed by two critically acclaimed albums, their self-titled debut (2007) and Wintersun (2010). The band will be performing songs from these recordings, and will be introducing new material that has been written during their European adventure.
The Heartbreakers' music mixes the bleak with the beautiful, tales of love and loss, drawing on deep roots of country, folk and classic pop melody, but with a defiant and subversive twist and just a touch of modern electricity. Bond Street Bridge brings a touch of the cinematic, creating soundscapes out of live violin and guitar loops to frame his wry, observational lyrics. Both acts have toured extensively around New Zealand and abroad, playing community halls, art galleries, living rooms, dive bars and town halls, charming audiences with their rich harmonies and warm instrumentation.
Bailey: "John and I have just been through three winters in a row, well, two winters and an Irish summer that is... We're really excited about getting back home this summer, reconnecting with people and places that seemed, at one stage, a very long way away. We've been humbled and inspired in equal measure, but we're still standing. Our live show will be a celebration of that fact."
After the tour, the Heartbreakers will be leaving the country again, heading to Melbourne for more shows and recording, so be sure to take this chance to catch the magic at a venue near you.
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Restaurants to book near The Broken Heartbreakers and Bond Street Bridge Summer Tour
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You, Me, Everybody EP Release Tour; Late night at The Bistro
The Bistro, Taupo, Lake Taupo
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Sun 9 Feb 7:30pm


text:
Metro Cities
Manuel Neuer, Germany
DOB: 27 March, 1986
Place of Birth: Gelsenkirchen, Germany
Citizenship: Germany
Position: Goal-Keeper
Current Team: Germany , Bayern Munich
Caps: Germany- 114 , Bayern Munich- 12
Joined: Germany: 2 June, 2009 , Bayern Munich : 1 July, 2011
Contract expires: Barcelona: June 30, 2024
Outfitter: Adidas
Social-Media: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter
Market Value: Current Market Value: 999.84 Mn (In Rupees)
TRANSFER HISTORY: 2.33 Bn (In Rupees) to Bayern Munich
Achievements: 10-Times GERMAN CHAMPION, 1-Time WORLD CUP WINNER, 2-Times FOOTBALLER OF THE YEAR, 2-Times CHAMPIONS LEAGUE WINNER, 6-Times GERMAN CUP WINNER, 7-Times GERMAN SUPER CUP WINNER.
Manuel Peter Neuer is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper and captains both Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and the Germany national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers in the history of the sport. Neuer has been described as a "sweeper-keeper" because of his playing style and speed when rushing off his line to anticipate opponents, going out of the goalkeeper box. He was named the best goalkeeper of the decade from 2011 to 2020 by IFFHS. Prior to the start of qualification, on 1 September 2016, Neuer was named new captain of the national team, following Bastian Schweinsteiger's retirement from international football. On 15 May 2018, Neuer was selected in Germany's 27-man preliminary squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup even though he had not played a match since fracturing his foot for a second time in September 2017. Neuer made his first appearance since his injury on 2 June, in a 2–1 friendly defeat to Austria in Klagenfurt.On 4 June, Neuer was selected in the final 23-man squad for the World Cup. On 17 June, Neuer captained his side for the first time in the World Cup in their opening match in which they lost 1–0 to Mexico. On 23 June, Neuer made several saves as his side defeated Sweden with a 2–1 victory in their second group stage match, which kept the Germans from being knocked out of the World Cup. However, his side were knocked out of the tournament after losing 2–0 to South Korea in their last group stage match.
All(282)Articles(279)Videos(3)
manuel neuer News
Bayern in need of a keeper after Neuer injury, says coach Nagelsmann
Reuters / Jan 12, 2023, 15:42 (IST)
Bayern Munich want to sign a goalkeeper following the injury to Germany captain manuel neuer but the options on the transfer market in the winter period are limited, coach Julian Nagelsmann said on Thursday.
Bayern's Kahn confident of club goals despite injuries to key player
Bayern Munich CEO Oliver Kahn said on Monday he was convinced the team would reach their season goals even without several injured key players, including captain manuel neuer.
'Extremely difficult': Bayern CEO Oliver Kahn on search for manuel neuer replacement
AFP / Jan 06, 2023, 17:50 (IST)
Bayern Munich CEO Oliver Kahn has acknowledged the challenges of finding a replacement for injured captain and goalkeeper manuel neuer in the winter transfer window. Speaking to German tabloid Bild on Friday ahead of his side's departure for their winter training program in Qatar, Kahn said timing had complicated the search.
Wenger takes swipe at World Cup teams 'focused on demonstrations'
AFP / Dec 04, 2022, 18:16 (IST)
Arsene Wenger said on Sunday that teams who focused on football rather than "political demonstrations" fared better in the opening round at the World Cup.
Germany goalkeeper manuel neuer not thinking of ending his international career
Reuters / Dec 03, 2022, 09:02 (IST)
Germany goalkeeper manuel neuer said he was not thinking of retiring from international soccer after Germany were eliminated from the group stage of the World Cup in Qatar.
Costa Rica vs Germany Highlights: Germany crash out of World Cup despite a 4-2 win over Costa Rica
TIMESOFINDIA.COM / Dec 02, 2022, 03:22 (IST)
A heartbreaking end for European powerhouse Germany as they crashed out of the FIFA World Cup 2022 in the group stage on Friday. It was their second successive group stage exit after suffering a similar fate in the last edition in Russia. Germany registered a thrilling 4-2 win against Costa Rica in their last group game, but it was not enough for them to progress further, finishing a disappointing third in Group E.
Spain vs Germany Highlights: Germany keep last 16 hopes alive after a draw with Spain
TIMESOFINDIA.COM / Nov 28, 2022, 02:58 (IST)
It's not all over for Germany at the FIFA World Cup 2022 as they remained in the race for a Round of 16 spot after a 1-1 draw with Spain on Monday. The result gave the four-time champions a much needed one point to stay alive in Qatar, while Spain consolidated their top position in the Group E standings with four points.
Germany vs Japan Highlights: A World Cup of upsets - Japan stun Germany 2-1 with late strikes
Two big upsets in two days. The FIFA World Cup 2022 is turning out to be a tournament of upsets in Qatar. After Argentina were shocked by Saudi Arabia on Tuesday, it was the turn of four-time champions Germany to suffer an upset defeat on Wednesday, losing their opening Group E match to Japan at the Khalifa International Stadium.
Audacious teenager Moukoko ready for the big stage, says Germany's Neuer
Reuters / Nov 19, 2022, 17:14 (IST)
Teenage striker Yousoufa Moukoko has almost no memories of past Germany greats apart from retired forward Miroslav Klose but his audacious nature makes him ready for the big stage, Germany captain manuel neuer said on Saturday.
Bayern goalkeeper Neuer back fit and could play against Hertha: Coach
Bayern Munich and Germany keeper manuel neuer could return to action on Saturday against Hertha Berlin following a shoulder injury that had sidelined him for a month, coach Julian Nagelsmann said on Friday.
Germany goalkeeper manuel neuer says he had skin cancer surgery
AP / Nov 02, 2022, 20:51 (IST)
Germany goalkeeper manuel neuer revealed Wednesday that he was previously treated for skin cancer and had to undergo surgery. Neuer said he has a scar near his nose and that "I had to be operated on three times and I had skin cancer there," in a video launching a new skincare line with former top-ranked tennis player Angelique Kerber.
Nagelsmann unsure when Neuer will return before World Cup
AFP / Oct 28, 2022, 18:41 (IST)
Bayern Munich manager Julian Nagelsmann said on Friday he does not know when captain manuel neuer will return from a shoulder injury, as the goalkeeper's World Cup prospects appear in serious doubt.
Bayern's Mueller, Kimmich Covid positive ahead of Dortmund showdown
Bayern Munich's Joshua Kimmich and Thomas Mueller have tested positive for Covid-19, just a week before they travel to face Borussia Dortmund in the Bundesliga.
German players to get 400,000 euros each in case of World Cup win: FA
Reuters / Sep 25, 2022, 21:22 (IST)
Germany players will each receive 400,000 euros ($390,000) if they lift the World Cup in Qatar later this year, the country's football association (DFB) said on Sunday after agreeing on tournament bonuses with the team.
COVID cases good practice for World Cup, says Germany coach Flick
The short-notice absence of Germany captain manuel neuer and midfielder Leon Goretzka from their Nations League games is frustrating but a good way to test procedures ahead of the World Cup in Qatar, Germany coach Hansi Flick said on Thursday.
Germany's Neuer and Goretzka out of Nations League games with Covid-19
Germany goalkeeper manuel neuer and midfielder Leon Goretzka will miss their Nations League matches against Hungary and England in the coming days after testing positive for Covid-19, the team said on Wednesday.
Robert Lewandowski arrives for pre-season Bayern Munich medical
AFP / Jul 12, 2022, 18:41 (IST)
Robert Lewandowski arrived for his pre-season medical at a Munich hospital along with other Bayern stars on Tuesday, even as Barcelona continued to be linked to the Polish striker.
manuel neuer extends Bayern contract until 2024
Reuters / May 23, 2022, 20:20 (IST)
Bayern Munich captain manuel neuer has signed a one-year contract extension which will keep him at the club until 2024, the Bundesliga champions said on Monday.
Bayern Munich sign Morocco defender Noussair Mazraoui on free transfer
Bayern Munich have signed Moroccan international defender Noussair Mazraoui on a free transfer from Dutch side Ajax Amsterdam, the Bundesliga champions said on Tuesday.
Ter Stegen to miss Germany's Nations League ties in June
AFP / May 04, 2022, 20:32 (IST)
Barcelona's Marc-Andre ter Stegen will miss Germany's Nations League games against England, Italy and Hungary this June, the goalkeeper announced on Wednesday.
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We screwed it up in the last game, says Neuer
Neuer admits Germany are 'hating' themselves
World Champion Germany arrive with trophy in Berlin
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text:
Tag Archives: 2
Silver Threads & Golden Needles – Fotheringay
It's autumn. Time to talk about folk-rock. Here's a sort-of repost from a couple of years ago to get us underway
After she joined up with the thitherto rather wet Fairport Convention, Sandy Denny helped perfect a sound that blended traditional English and Scottish folk song, contemporary electric instrumentation and self-composed songs, an achievement that did for British music something similar to what The Band did for North American music. But as the other members of Fairport, and particularly bassist Ashley Hutchings, became more interested in updating the English folk canon, Denny grew more excited by the artistic self-expression afforded by honing her craft as singer-songwriter. She and Fairport parted ways. Hutchings would soon leave, too, to found Steeleye Span. He'd later move on again, to form the Albion Band with the folkiest of English folk singers, Shirley Collins.
Joe Boyd, Fairport's producer, wanted Denny to put out a solo record and perform, front and centre, under her own name. But she was in a relationship with an Australian guitarist and singer called Trevor Lucas and wanted to cast him as her bandleader and creative foil in a democratic group, despite the vast artistic gulf between them. The resulting group was Fotheringay. The rest of the band, including the magnificent American country guitarist Jerry Donahue, was stellar, but as a result of Denny's patronage of Trevor Lucas, the band spent half of its time backing a singer and songwriter of no more than average ability, the likes of whom you could find any night of the week in a provincial folk club. That this was a waste of their time and talents is revealed whenever Denny steps back up to the microphone. When she gave them something to work with, they could be jaw-dropping.
Fotheringay made one album before Denny did what Boyd had wanted to her all along and went properly solo. Partly this was a response to group tensions, partly due to Joe Boyd leaving England to take a job with Warner Brothers, but during the abandoned sessions for the group's second album they cut Silver Threads & Golden Needles, an old country-music warhorse that just about every major female singer has recorded, and several of the male singers, too. While most have taken it in 4/4 at the vigorous tempo of Wanda Jackson's version, Fotheringay slowed it down, put it in waltz time and emphasised the song's loneliness and dignified vulnerability.
If you were to call Sandy Denny the finest interpreter of British folk song who ever lived, I'd not argue. With this track, she stakes her claim as one of the finest interpreters of song full stop. She gives a completely authentic country performance without ever softening her southern English accent – Patsy Cline would have understood and recognised the emotions Denny expresses here.
NYC-born Jerry Donahue, meanwhile, comes at this country-folk blend from the other direction. Most of what you hear in Donahue's playing is country-music derived, and his extraordinary string-bending technique (Danny Gatton called him "the string-bending king of the planet") allows him to imitate steel guitar phrases very closely, but also in his style is some of that modal, folky weirdness that characterises Richard Thompson's playing. Donahue is, then, a seamless blend of US and UK, which was what made him so perfect for Fotheringay.
His string-bending is rarely better showcased than on Silver Threads: it's so human-sounding, plaintive little cries that come from a wound deep within the song. I don't know whether he recorded those particular solos during the song's original 1970 session, or more recently, when he produced and oversaw a completed album's worth of stuff recording for that second album (2, which came out in 2008). If they were his original solos, they were amazingly mature and empathetic for a young man. Even if they were later additions, they are still about as lyrical as guitar playing can be.
The track's unsung hero is drummer Gerry Conway, formerly a member of Cat Stevens's band (and later to join Fairport). Conway's placement of the snare on the last beat of the bar rather than the fourth (he occasionally slips and plays a conventional 6/8 backbeat, hitting the snare on the four) is an inventive, masterly piece of timekeeping. He's in similarly great form on Denny's Late November, which ended up on her first solo record The North Star Grassman and the Ravens.
Fotheringay l-r Jerry Donahue, Gerry Conway, Trevor Lucas, Sandy Denny, Pat Donaldson
This entry was posted in Music and tagged 1970s, 2, 4/4, acoustic guitar, Ashley Hutchings, Cat Stevens, country, country music, country-rock, Danny Gatton, drummers who can drum/singers who can sing, Fairport Convention, folk-rock, Fotheringay, Gerry Conway, guitar solo, Jerry Donahue, Joe Boyd, Late November, Patsy Cline, Richard Thompson, Sandy Denny, Shirley Collins, Steeleye Span, string bending, the Albion Band, The Band, The North Star Grassman and the Ravens, Trevor Lucas, waltz time, Wanda Jackson, Warner Brothers on September 18, 2015 by rossjpalmer.
No Hendrix, no Clapton, no Vai – five personal favourite guitar solos, part 3
I've talked about this song before in more general terms, but this time let's just focus on the guitar
3) Silver Threads & Golden Needles – Fotheringay (solo by Jerry Donahue)
I first became aware of Jerry Donahue as one of the Hellecasters, whom I just knew as three older guys pulling cheesy poses in a guitar-magazine advert for some cable they were endorsing. It would never have occurred to me as a sixteen-year-old that any of these old geezers could have made music worth listening to, let alone that the more studious-looking one with the beard and the glasses would end up being one of my very favourite guitarists, the player of one of my favourite guitar solos.
Most of what you hear in Donahue's guitar playing is country music, and his extraordinary string-bending technique (Danny Gatton called him 'the string-bending king of the planet"!) allows him to imitate steel guitar phrases very closely, but also in his style is some of that modal, folky weirdness that characterises Richard Thompson's playing. Donahue is, then, a seamless blend of US and UK, which was what made him so perfect for Fotheringay.
Silver Threads and Golden Needles is an old country-music warhorse that just about every major female singer has recorded, and several of the male singers too. Yet all have taken it in 4/4 at the vigorous tempo of Wanda Jackson's version. Sandy Denny, when looking to record it with Fotheringay, slowed it down, put it in waltz time, and emphasised the song's loneliness and dignified vulnerability.
These are the qualities to which Donahue's two solos respond. His string-bending is rarely better showcased: it's so human-sounding, plaintive little cries that come from a wound deep within the song. I don't know whether he recorded those particular solos during the song's original 1970 session, or more recently, when he produced and oversaw the 'finished' version of Fotheringay's second album that came out in 2008. If they were his original solos, they were amazingly mature and empathetic for a young man. Even if they were later additions, they are still about as lyrical as guitar playing can be. If there were a syllabus for lead instrumentalists, to show them how to respond to the music they'e playing and avoid clichés, this should be on it.
Jerry Donahue (left, with Telecaster) with Fairport Convention in 1974
This entry was posted in Music and tagged 2, Albion Band, Danny Gatton, Fairport Convention, Fotheringay, Fotheringay 2, Gerry Conway, Jerry Donahue, Joe Boyd, John Wood, Liege & Lief, Richard Thompson, Sandy Denny, Silver Threads & Golden Needles, Steeleye Span, The Hellecasters, Trevor Lucas, Unhalfbricking, What We Did on Our Holidays on December 19, 2013 by rossjpalmer.
It's got even more autumnal since my last post. So let's get back to it.
After she joined up with the thitherto rather wet Fairport Convention, Sandy Denny helped perfect a sound that blended traditional English and Scottish folk song, contemporary electric instrumentation and self-composed songs, an achievement that did for British music something similar to what the Band did for North American music. But as the other members of Fairport, and particularly bassist Ashley Hutchings, became more interested in updating the English folk canon, Denny grew more excited by the artistic self-expression afforded by honing her craft as singer-songwriter. She and the band therefore parted ways. Hutchings would soon leave too, to found Steeleye Span. He'd later move on again to form the Albion Band.
Joe Boyd, Fairport's producer, wanted Denny to put out a solo record and perform, front and centre, under her own name. But she was in a relationship with an Australian guitarist and singer called Trevor Lucas and wanted to cast him as her bandleader and creative foil in a democratic group, despite the vast artistic gulf between them. The resulting group was Fotheringay. The rest of the band, including the magnificent American country guitarist Jerry Donahue, was stellar, but as a result of Denny's backing of Trevor Lucas, they spent half their time backing a singer and songwriter who had no business performing anywhere but provincial folk clubs. That this was a waste of their time and talents is revealed whenever Denny steps back up to the microphone. When she gave them a good song to work with, they could be jaw-dropping.
Fotheringay made one album before Denny went properly solo, partly a response to group tensions, partly due to Joe Boyd leaving England to take a job at Warner Brothers movie studio. From the abandoned sessions for the group's second album came this track, in which the finest interpreter of folk songs that Britain's ever produced tackles a country standard flawlessly. Her vocal is a completely authentic country performance, without ever softening her southern English accent.
On Silver Threads, while Jerry Donahue plays some of the most spine-tingling guitar solos ever committed to tape, the track's unsung hero is drummer Gerry Conway. Formerly a member of Cat Stevens's band, Conway's placement of the snare on the last beat of the bar rather than the fourth (he occasionally slips and plays a conventional 6/8 backbeat, hitting the snare on 'four') is an inventive, masterly piece of timekeeping. He's in similarly great form on Denny's Late November, which ended up on her first solo record The North Star Grassman and the Ravens.
Fotheringay, publicity shot
This entry was posted in Music and tagged 2, Albion Band, Fairport Convention, Fotheringay, Fotheringay 2, Gerry Conway, Jerry Donahue, Joe Boyd, John Wood, Liege & Lief, Sandy Denny, Silver Threads & Golden Needles, Steeleye Span, Trevor Lucas, Unhalfbricking, What We Did on Our Holidays on October 10, 2013 by rossjpalmer.


text:
V8-Powered 2021 Ford F-150 Raptor Spied Making Intoxicating Noises: Video
Lee Iacocca, Father Of The Mustang, Has Passed Away
by Shane McGlaun July 3, 2019, 3:43 am 1 Comment
A giant in the automotive industry has passed away. Lee Iacocca has died at 94-years-old in his Los Angeles home. A family spokesman has announced that Iacocca died from complications of Parkinson's disease. Iacocca was part of the automotive industry for most of his life and had a significant influence at Ford where he was known for his hand in the Ford racing program of the 1960s, and as being the father of the Ford Mustang.
Lee Iacocca and the Ford Mustang appeared at the same time on the covers of Time and Newsweek; the stories inside were later said to essentially be unpaid commercials credited with selling an extra 100,000 Mustangs. Iacocca was also part of the Ford and Ferrari battle for Le Mans glory that led to the production of the Ford GT40. John Bernthal plays Iacocca in the film "Ford v Ferrari" that his theaters in November. Lee Iacocca was also known at Ford for being fired by Henry Ford II in 1978.
He landed next at Chrysler in the early '80s where he became the best known automotive executive around by starting in commercials for Chrysler with his famous "If you can find a better car, buy it" sales pitch. Iacocca was key to saving Chrysler from bankruptcy and secured congressional funding for massive $1.5 billion in loans from Congress that Chrysler used to build its K-car.
Under his leadership, Chrysler was able to repay the Congressional loans 7-years early. Lee Iacocca also helped to raise money to refurbish the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island in the mid-1980s and discouraged talk of a run for President when Democrats of the era began to talk him up as a potential candidate. He also turned down an appointment to the U.S. Senate from his home state of Pennsylvania. Showing that he had truly entered pop culture, he made a cameo on the iconic '80s hit "Miami Vice" and turned down an offer to host "Saturday Night Live."
Subscribe to Ford Authority for around-the-clock Ford news coverage.
Source: LA Times
Previous article Crazy Custom Mustang Has A Bike Rack On The Hood
Next article 2006 Ford GT With 11.7-Miles Heads To Auction
Written by Shane McGlaun
Shane is a car guy with a fondness for Mustangs and off-roading.
Florida Dealer Accidentally Sells Ford Bronco Sport Demo Model: Video
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Raymond Ramirez says:
I remember reading about the 1964 Ford Mustang when it arrived and saw a few models at Ford dealers before I was old enough to drive. I did buy and drove a white 1980 Mustang (Fox body) with a NA I6 engine (it was my wife's choice), and in 1996 I gave it to my nephew. I drove other models, especially a Mach 1 that belong to my brother's classmate who was giving me a ride home from college and let me drive it.
The Mustang will live on as Ford's best sportscar and Lee's legacy with it for years to come,
Crazy Custom Mustang Has A Bike Rack On The Hood
2006 Ford GT With 11.7-Miles Heads To Auction


100% new and of good quality.
You can use egg ring to make pancakes.
Can be put in the refrigerator and oven, easy to clean.
Handle design can make your kitchen get easily.
Made of high-quality silicone material, safe and not harm for people.
Get the perfect fried egg, you can even use it for the perfect little pancake!
High temperature resistant, easy release surface non-stick, easy to clean and easy to learn.
You can put the egg in the egg ring, and the egg gets a creative way for food.


1. This is a CE certificated air motor for low speed handpiece and contra angle.
3. Ratio 1:1, E type air motor.
4. Compatible with NSK low speed handpiece.
5. Easy to change contra angle and straight nose handpiece with this air motor.
6. External water spray, two rotate directions.
7. Autoclavable, suitable for disinfection of high temperature at 135℃, conform to modern clinical requirement.


text:
Q: How can I get a timeout exception in WCF using TcpClient Class I have a certain issue which I'm facing. My contract implementation (besides other stuff) has something like this:
try
            {

                response = _socketRequest.SendRequest(request, emmiterHeader);
                trCode = response.TraceCodeInt;
                if (trCode == 0)
                    statusRequest = (int) TSRequestAttemptStatus.active;
            }
            catch (TimeoutException tex)
            {
                throw;
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                statusRequest = (int) TSRequestAttemptStatus.notActive;
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                tsra = CreateTireaSincoRequestAttemptRow(DateTime.Now, statusRequest, emmiterHeader.HeaderId,
                                                         string.Empty,
                                                         string.Empty,
                                                         string.Empty,
                                                         previousContractNumber,
                                                         taxIdentificationCode,
                                                         policyHolderName,
                                                         policyHolderFirstName,
                                                         policyHolderLastName,
                                                         registrationNumberType.Substring(0, 1),
                                                         registrationNumber,
                                                         ((byte) ControlCodes.F),
                                                         DateTime.Now.AddDays(emmiterHeader.ValidityPeriod));
            }

Then in
_socketRequest.SendRequest(request, emmiterHeader);
Among other stuff is something like below:
using (var client = new TcpClient(header.SocketServerAddress,
                                      header.SocketServerPort == null ? 1 : (int)header.SocketServerPort))
                    {

                   Socket socket = client.Client;

                        // send data with timeout 10s
                        //socket.Send(arr);

                        Send(socket, arr, 0, arr.Length, 1000);

                        if (header.DebugMode)
                            _logger.LogInfo(InterfaceName, string.Format("Data Socket Send: {0} ", tempArr));
                        // receive data with timeout 10s
                        //Receive(client, arr);

                        len = Receive(socket, arrResponse, 0, arrResponse.Length, 5000, header.DebugMode, _logger);

                        if (socket.Connected)
                            socket.Close();

                        if (client.Connected)
                            client.Close();
                    }

The part under the using key word is never called because built in WCF Client is "hanging" on the TCPClient part, whcich in conclusion raises a SocketExeption error. I have set the timeouts in the web config to lets say 5 seconds. What I like to achieve is to throw not socket exception but the timeout exception. It looks like the SocketException is thrown but I can't make my wcf service throw a timeout exception. Is it possible to do that? I hope my questin is understandable what I want to do. If not I will try to explain as clearly as I can.

A: TcpClient does not know or care what you talk to. It has no notion of WCF, web services or the TimeoutException that you want.
All it does it maintain a TCP connection.
Catch the SocketException and analyze the error code stored in it. There is a code for timeouts. Throw TimeoutException yourself.

And get rid of this superstitious dispose stuff:
                    if (socket.Connected)
                        socket.Close();

                    if (client.Connected)
                        client.Close();

Once is enough.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The lab led by Nicholas Christakis examines networks from all angles.
Lee Fleming studies the influence of one's social-network structure on innovation and creativity.
For ease or difficulty of processing and generating words in a given language, network structure matters.
See a video of slime mold solving a laboratory maze, one of mold forming a Japanese railway system map, and three online-only sidebars.
If a campaign volunteer shows up at your door, urging you to vote in an upcoming election, you are 10 percent more likely to go to the polls--and others in your household are 6 percent more likely to vote. When you try to recall an unfamiliar word, the likelihood you'll remember it depends partly on its position in a network of words that sound similar. And when a cell in your body develops a cancerous mutation, its daughter cells will carry that mutation; whether you get cancer depends largely on that cell's position in the network of cellular reproduction.
However unrelated these phenomena may seem, a single scholarly field has helped illuminate all of them. The study of networks can illustrate how viruses, opinions, and news spread from person to person--and can make it possible to track the spread of obesity, suicide, and back pain. Network science points toward tools for predicting stock-price trends, designing transportation systems, and detecting cancer.
It used to be that sociologists studied networks of people, while physicists and computer scientists studied different kinds of networks in their own fields. But as social scientists sought to understand larger, more sophisticated networks, they looked to physics for methods suited to this complexity. And it is a two-way street: network science "is one of the rare areas where you see physicists and molecular biologists respectfully citing the work of social scientists and borrowing their ideas," says Nicholas Christakis, a physician and medical sociologist and coauthor of Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives (2009).
The basic elements of a network are simple: it consists of nodes connected by links (also called ties). But as the numbers of nodes and links increase, the number of possible configurations grows exponentially. Likewise, there are innumerable possibilities for what a node and a link can represent: a word, a gene, or a person, in the first case; phonetic similarity, coincident expression, or a conversation, in the second. Structurally simple, yet analytically incredibly complex, networks hold the answers to so many questions that at Harvard alone, the number of researchers studying them may reach three digits. Here is a sampling of the newest work in this dynamic field.
Christakis, professor of medicine and medical sociology at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and professor of sociology in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and University of California political scientist James H. Fowler '92, Ph.D. '03, wrote Connected after discovering that each was working on a special case of network effects (the effect of a spouse's death on one's own health, for Christakis; the spread of voting behavior, for Fowler) and realizing they shared an interest in what else could be spreading through networks.
The book is an exuberant romp through the field, presenting findings from medicine, epidemiology, evolutionary biology, sociology, anthropology, political science, economics, mathematics, and beyond. The authors discuss the spread of laughter, tastes in music, sexual behavior, and anxiety over nut allergies. They note one study that rigorously compared the structure of networks of myriad phenomena and found a strong similarity between the bill-sponsoring patterns of U.S. senators and social licking in cows. They report that Physarum polycephalum--slime mold--is more efficient than Japanese graduate students in finding the shortest route through a maze (the fungus can "collaborate" by fanning out in the form of a network to explore all possible paths); and share Japanese mycologist Toshiyuki Nakagaki's follow-up studies, in which the fungus was as good as or better than humans at devising maps for railway systems in Great Britain and Japan. These studies, they say, demonstrate the problem-solving power inherent in networks.
But the core of the Christakis-Fowler collaboration is original research on what spreads through human social networks. With data from the Framingham Heart Study, under way since 1948, they mapped more than 50,000 social ties among 5,124 people (who connected outward in turn to a network of more than 12,000 people). Because the study tracked all manner of health markers and asked subjects about an exhaustive list of behaviors--diet and exercise, medications, recreational substance use, emotions--it was a rich lode of data.
The two men started publishing their findings with a splash: a 2007 article in the New England Journal of Medicine reporting that obesity spreads through social networks, as people are apparently influenced by friends' weight gain to become obese themselves. More perplexing is their finding that obesity spreads through up to three degrees of separation. If a subject named a friend who was also in the study, and that friend's friend became obese, the first subject's chances of becoming obese were roughly 20 percent greater. Across one more degree of influence (husband's friend's friend or friend's sibling's friend--i.e., three degrees away), the risk was 10 percent greater. Weight gain appears to ripple through friend groups via some unseen mechanism such as altered eating or exercise behavior, or adjustment of social norms regarding weight.
This map is a typical example of the computer-generated images used to help understand networks and network effects.A subset of the"obesity network" mapped by Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler, the image shows 2,200 subjects from the Framingham Heart Study (from a total of 12,067). Each dot, or "node," represents one person (red borders indicate women; blue, men).The yellow dots represent obese people—those with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more—and node sizes are proportional to BMI. Colors of "ties," or links between nodes, indicate relationship type: purple for friend or spouse, orange for family. Note the visible clusters of obese people; Christakis and Fowler report that network effects—in which one subject's weight gain influences the BMI of those around him—help to explain these obesity clusters.
For each trait that spreads through networks, Christakis and Fowler (and others working in the field today) meticulously chart how, and between whom, transmission occurs. Does geographic proximity matter? Are family relationships more influential than social relationships? What about people who work together? The answers vary depending on what is being transmitted.
Precise knowledge is needed for the type of network-based public-health interventions they envision. In addition to knowing what works--in the case of obesity, perhaps distributing healthy recipes, or posting on Facebook or Twitter that you "feel so great after going for a run" to encourage friends to exercise--such interventions require knowing who is most influential, and this may vary from purpose to purpose. Christakis and Fowler write that a network-based vaccination campaign, targeting people with the most social contacts, could be three times more cost-effective than a campaign that aims for universal vaccination. Campaigns of the latter type over-vaccinate; immunizing only people who are hubs in social networks would enable administering a minimum of doses for maximum effect. (Recommendations that healthcare workers receive more vaccinations than average citizens follow a similar model, assuming that such workers will have more contact with sick people and thus are more likely to spread infections.) A network-based surveillance campaign, prioritizing well-connected people when monitoring infection's spread, could be 700 times more efficient than random monitoring.
But when it comes to diet and exercise, is it better to have people with more connections float the healthy recipes and exercise messages, or to have the positive signals come from close friends of the target? That puzzle has not been solved, even though efficient public-health spending depends on the answers to such questions.
While Fowler and Christakis are concerned mainly with tracking the spread of behaviors and mental states through networks, Laura Bogart is interested in how information spreads through networks--and then influences health behavior. The associate professor of pediatrics at HMS and researcher at Children's Hospital Boston has used a social-network perspective to study the spread of HIV conspiracy beliefs. She led a national telephone survey of African Americans in which more than half the respondents agreed with the statements "There is a cure for AIDS, but it is being withheld from the poor" and "A lot of information about AIDS is being held back from the public." Such beliefs "are a response," she says, "to years of discrimination, and years of reasons to be suspicious about medical treatments, including unethical practices in the medical system and knowledge about wide disparities" in care.
These beliefs may indeed be a natural response under the circumstances, but they are dangerous: male respondents who agreed with the conspiracy statements were significantly less likely to use condoms consistently. In a separate study of HIV-positive patients, Bogart found that giving credence to such beliefs was negatively correlated with adherence to treatment: 25 percent of patients who did not follow treatment recommendations also agreed with the statement, "People who take the new medicines for HIV are guinea pigs for the government," versus just 8 percent of patients who did take their medication as directed. And in a third study, Bogart used social-network analysis to determine that the greater the number of friends who had mentioned a conspiracy belief to a study participant, the more strongly the participant believed the statement.
She has now begun a larger-scale study of how HIV information--conspiracy theories and otherwise--flows through social networks. Her team will track 240 HIV-positive African Americans in Los Angeles for one year, as they go in and out of treatment, on and off medications, and friendships form and erode. Later she hopes to test interventions, identifying "opinion leaders" in the community and offering them HIV education in the hope that they will spread scientifically accurate information that will supplant the myths.
In fact, beliefs and medical mistrust can "have a huge influence on health behaviors," she says. But research and policy discussions tend to focus so much on structural impediments to care--not having transportation to the clinic, lacking insurance--that "we forget that people, in the best of circumstances, sometimes still will not take their medication." Her work highlights the importance of social networks in explaining why.
Martin Nowak became interested in networks while trying to develop equations to explain how cancer emerges in the body. "I realized that in order to write down these equations, I had to understand the network of cells in the body," says Nowak, professor of mathematics and biology and director of Harvard's Program for Evolutionary Dynamics.
Nowak began this mathematical quest by studying colon cancer, which arises in crypts--tube-shaped glands (below) that produce the cells to renew the colon's lining as old cells slough away. Each crypt comprises 10,000 cells, with one stem cell, or a few at most, at the bottom. Nowak characterized each crypt as a network, with the stem cell(s) at the center and the genetic material passed along through each cell division, from precursor cells to terminally differentiated ones. Each crypt is a dynamic network, changing with time: as the cells at the end of the line--the inner surface of the colon--die away, new cells replace them, although the lineage still begins with the same stem cell.
Colon crypts (blue) are visible in this colored light micrograph of a human colon section.Through multiple divisions, the stem cells at the bottom of each crypt give rise to the terminally differentiated cells that form the colon lining (top).The crypts helped Martin Nowak craft a mathematical description of networks that suppress selection: they are organized in a way that discourages the development of cancer. Cells near the surface, which divide often—making cancerous mutations relatively likely—are soon sloughed away, but in stem cells, which pass on mutations to all their daughter cells, division is much less frequent.
Nowak and colleagues have seized on this attribute as the defining feature of networks that suppress selection: even strongly advantageous mutations do not spread through the population. Their theory, published in Nature in 2005 and 2006, offers a mathematical description of some networks that make sense intuitively: for example, a small lake feeding a stream that flows into a larger lake. Within each lake, natural selection will operate freely in the fish population. Mutations that occur in the smaller lake will affect fish in the larger lake--but mutations that occur in the larger lake, no matter how advantageous, will never reach the fish in the smaller lake because the stream flows only one way.
The 2005 Nature paper also set forth structures that amplify selection, including a star-shaped network with one central individual connected to all other individuals, but without connections among the outlying nodes. These structures can be used to understand not only genetic evolution, but also cultural evolution, says Nowak: "If one person has an idea, which network is best for the spread of this idea?" The star structure works well if all the connections are bidirectional (see diagram at right): a good idea that originates in the center is immediately transmitted to the outlying nodes. A good idea that originates at one of the outlying nodes quickly reaches the center and is disseminated from there. Thus, Nowak's research, which began with cancer-cell biology, has flowered into a broadly applicable theory of network structures that inhibit or promote natural selection.
At harvard and elsewhere, network analysis is evolving at an explosive pace. Scholars are using methods they could never have imagined, with collaborators they might never have envisioned, to analyze, in some cases, entirely new types of data.
Another Christakis collaborator, assistant professor of statistics Edoardo Airoldi, is tracking the spread of news on the Internet; the study's purpose is primarily theoretical (it aims to better understand the concept of diffusion in networks), but it will require inventing new tools that could have practical applications for journalism and public relations. Jukka-Pekka Onnela, a physicist who is a postdoctoral fellow in the Christakis lab, has used network analysis to help understand patterns of movement in stock markets--a method that has been picked up by at least one national central bank.
A more lighthearted study led by a member of Christakis's lab group searched for meaning behind users' decisions to make their Facebook profiles public or restrict who can view them. It found that users with public profiles had a higher-than-average chance of listing the Beatles, Pink Floyd, and Led Zeppelin among their favorite musical artists, whereas people who restricted access to their profiles were more likely to list Coldplay, Rage Against the Machine, and Ray Charles. The taste for privacy (or public exposure) may be correlated with a personality type that also prefers certain musicians; the researchers aren't quite sure, yet, of the deeper meaning (if any) behind the predilections and associations they observed. But in the online world and the other frontiers that network scientists are exploring, making sense of new data is a crucial task; the Christakis team is diving into genetic, as well as digital, data in search of new insights about human social tendencies (see the online sidebar, "Costs and Benefits of Connections," described on page 46).