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Becoming a Sooner: Prentice Gautt and the Integration of Oklahoma Football
Andrew McGregor / 07 April 2016
By Andrew McGregor
During the 1950s, the University of Oklahoma was the class of college football. The Sooners entered the fall of 1956 poised to make history. They were the defending national champions and had won thirty-consecutive games, one win shy of the team's record-long winning streak. Though the schedule was not easy – it included a visit from old nemesis Jim Tatum, now coaching at North Carolina, and a trip to South Bend to face Notre Dame – most of the team returned. The last time Oklahoma lost a game was September 1953, when the team's seniors were paying their dues on the freshman squad. Optimism surrounded the Oklahoma program and its fans expected the winning to continue.
The Sooners were poised to make history in other ways too. While winning football teams captured headlines, helping to build a name for state and the up-and-coming Cold War University, the long-1950s saw an intense struggle for racial justice. The University of Oklahoma sat at the center of that struggle, facing multiple court cases that eventually reached the Supreme Court. During this era, the Sooners were a white team with white fans. African Americans had tried to make the team and failed. In 1956, however, that would change.
This blog post comes out of an in-progress dissertation chapter examining the relationship between race and football during the University of Oklahoma's period of dominance. In the larger project I investigate what it means to be a "Sooner" by exploring the history and impact of the Sooner football team during the long-1950s. My project looks at how Oklahoma football — and its unprecedented success during this period — shaped the political and economic climate, instilled pride in Oklahomans, and facilitated the rehabilitation of the word "Okie" from a John Steinbeck pejorative to Merle Haggard's blue collar conservative archetype. During this period, I believe, Oklahoma became a Cold War utopia characterized by its masculine football culture, political consensus, loyalty, and an economic boom spurned on by the military industrial complex. Creating this Cold War utopia, however, also required redefining who counted as a "Sooner."
It's a tired, and not entirely accurate, narrative by now, but the Cold War played a crucial role in promoting Civil Rights activism. The hypocrisy of fighting for freedom abroad exposed many of the flaws within the American racial landscape. The immediate postwar era saw an increased militancy and eagerness to challenge longstanding Jim Crow laws. This was particularly true in Oklahoma, where Roscoe Dunjee, the editor of Oklahoma City's Black Dispatch and one of the influential leaders of the state's NAACP conference, led the charge for racial justice. Dunjee paid close attention to the U.S. Supreme Court's decisions, plotting ways to use it to benefit black Oklahomans. By 1940, the court had become more active, ruling against Oklahoma's all white primary, restrictive real estate covenants, and segregated interstate transportation. Education had always been one of Dunjee's priorities, and following Gaines v. Missouri in 1938; he began considering ways to challenge Oklahoma's system of segregated higher education.
Relying on Gaines as precedent, Dunjee along with Thurgood Marshall, announced plans to desegregated the University of Oklahoma in November 1945. Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher was chosen for their test case, and the full on legal assault began in January 1946. The case dragged on, meandering through the courts, for nearly two years. In 1948, it was joined by a second case, McLaurin v. Oklahoma. While the Fisher case focused on desegregating the law school since Oklahoma did not have a black law school, and the creation of a sham law school was deemed unequal, the McLaurin case focused first on gaining access for graduate and professional programs for black students (Langston University, the state's black college, did not offer any graduate degrees until 1980), and then later on the manner in which integration was implemented. Fisher and McLaurin both won their cases — expanding who could be a Sooner — enabling African Americans to attend the University of Oklahoma in 1949.
George McLaurin attending class at OU. Image from BlackPast.org
The degree that integration actually took place following these victories was severely limited, however. African Americans were only permitted to enroll at OU as graduate students, and it required special permission. Furthermore, for the first two years, black graduate students could attend OU, but had to sit in segregated areas. At first, McLaurin was seated in an alcove off of a classroom, and then later in a special chair cornered off by ropes and railings. Similar arrangement were made in the library and cafeteria. The conditions were humiliating and distracting, and, thankfully, declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1950.
The need for multiple Supreme Court case during this four-year period reveals that integration did not necessarily entail desegregation. It also shows the deeply ingrained systemic racism in Oklahoma. African Americans have largely been treated as second-class citizens throughout the state's history. Though they were true Sooners, participating alongside the state's first settlers in the Land Rush of 1889, white mobs often intimidated African Americans, resulting in segregated cities and sundown towns — including Norman. Furthermore, segregation was written into the state's constitution in 1907, demanding "separate schools for white and colored children."
By the 1920s, the racial tension was palpable. The Tulsa race riot in 1921 marked the climax of Jim Crow's violent confrontations. Described by the New York Times as "one of the worst incidences of racial violence in the nation's history" seventy-five years later. The incident looked more like Sherman's "March to the Sea" than a riot. The National Guard played an active role in the melee, invading the affluent African American neighborhood of Greenwood – once known as "Black Wall Street" for its wealth and vibrant businesses. Over the course of only a few hours, more than 1,000 homes were burned or looted, the central business district reduced to smoldering rubble, and the last breaths of hundreds of African Americans gasped. The human and economic devastation emboldened the Ku Klux Klan, whose membership swelled to an estimated 150,000 members following the tumultuous conflict. The influence of the Klan reached far and wide, evidenced by the burning of 260 crosses throughout the state on a single night in 1923.
Norman was not immune to the Klan's influence. OU President George Cross recalled that when he first arrived at the university in the 1934, "there was an unwritten law…that a Negro could not remain within the city limits after sundown." Those that violated the code were harassed and intimidated into compliance. It was not until the Second World War and the establishment of Navy training facilities that African Americans were permitted to sleep in Norman. For many of these early years the Klan's influence permeated the walls of the University of Oklahoma and its upper administration.
The Ku Klux Klan was listed among the student clubs in the 1920 yearbook with its own full-page spread. The club was banned later that year after an incident with a rival club involving a firearm. But the KKK's presence on campus extended well beyond the students. In 1922, Upton Sinclair estimated that 2/3rds of the OU faculty were Klan members. A year later, the University's Vice President and one of its original four faculty members, Edwin Debarr, was dismissed for "pernicious" and "aggressive" political activities. The truth was, Debarr served as the Grand Dragon of the Oklahoma KKK. He was fired only after disregarding an official censure from the Board of Regents for using KKK talking points in speeches he gave as a representative of OU. Only gradually did Oklahoma decided that KKK members were not allowed to be Sooners. In fact, although he was terminated, the chemistry building on campus continued to bear DeBarr's name until 1988.
Like its colonial history tied to the 1889 Land Rush, on campus "Sooner" represented systemic racism at a historically white college. This is particularly true regarding athletics. Following McLaurin's enrollment in 1949, the Board of Regents realized that integration required a litany of new policies. A series of memos were circulated in 1949 reflecting concerns about African American seating at football games. Wilkinson first broached the topic with President Cross in March, recognizing that more black students would soon be matriculating at OU. All students were entitled to purchase football tickets plus an additional seat for their spouse. The memos hint that African American fans were not admitted to the stadium prior to then, thus requiring the university to develop a new seating policy.
Fitzgerald's sketch of plan 1, the pyramid-like barrier.
The plan was to segregate African American students within the current student section, essentially giving them the top row. Additionally, it required constructing barriers to sufficiently and safely keep them separate. Ticket manager Clee Fitzgerald offered two ideas for the barrier. The first required placing hinged boards set up to form a pyramid-like blockade on top of an empty row of seats. The second idea involved constructing a solid wall between rows that divide the sections and protected both sides. As requested, each of these barriers would be temporary. Fitzgerald shared sketches of each plan in his memo to President Cross.
Fitzgerald's sketch of plan 2, the wall-barrier.
The Board of Regents reviewed the sketches and new policy at their July meeting. The new seating policy was quite detailed, reflecting the Regents concerns about the optics of segregation. While they clearly wanted separate seating and restroom facilities, the Regents also wanted to avoid bad publicity. Ultimately the Regents selected the wall option to divide the seating areas. They also mandated that the instructions to African American students regarding the policy be given privately, and suggested that they "arrive early" and "avoid the surging-crowds." This preference certainly reflected safety concerns as well as appearances. Next, the Regents described the type of signs they wanted to denote separate accommodations. The markers should have "adhesive backs that may be put up the morning of the game and taken down soon after the game" they explained. The goal was to "avoid as much as possible publicity and photographs which will result" from segregation. Finally, the tickets needed to be "designated" for African Americans "by using a simple rubber stamp overprint." This was done in-house, rather than at the printers. The Regents hoped that with this policy "the colored students can be accommodated at-football games with the least possible adverse publicity to the University."
The details of the policy reveal three things. First, it hints that there was no prior segregation plan in place in the stadium. The Oklahoman confirms this, noting when the new policy was announced, "no action was taken in regard to Negroes who are not students." Second, the insistence on using temporary barriers and signage reveals not just an overt concern for the optics of segregation, but also the realization that segregation was impermanent and unsavory. The Supreme Court had already forced the university to admit black students, and the Regents knew that in time the entire system of segregation would be overturned. Thus, permanently retrofitting the stadium for segregation was a poor long-term investment. Finally, the policy shows a world of segregated integration. Prior to 1949 black students were not allowed to attend the university and African Americans were prevented from supporting Sooner sports teams in the stadium. The walls of university and the stadium were now integrated by allowing access to African Americans, but within those walls they remained segregated. Furthermore, only African American students could attend games. Complete integration and full-desegregation were yet to come.
In the fall of 1950, the university decided to "follow the policy of refusing to sell tickets to football games to Negroes who are not students in the University." They explained their decision as a matter of safety, "Because of the rather free expression of emotions found in a football crowd, the presence of Negroes who are not students might encourage public demonstrations of racial prejudice…" Staying true to their accommodationist philosophy, the university opted to wait until "sometime in the future" when "persons attending University of Oklahoma football games have become more accustomed to seeing Negro students in the crowd."
The opening of the university to African American students quickly put pressure on the athletic department. Bruce Drake, the OU basketball coach was eager to embrace black athletes. During the legal battles in January 1948, he told The Oklahoman that "the school's athletic teams would benefit if Negro students are admitted." Ironically, it was a decade before OU's got its first black basketball player, and by then Drake was no longer coaching. Following the McLaurin decision in 1950, Wilkinson similarly explained that "the University of Oklahoma will use any undergraduate Negro on its varsity team" provided that they are permitted to enroll.
By 1952, black undergraduates began to enroll at the University of Oklahoma, but only with prior approval and documentation that Langston University did not offer their program of study. During this period, OU also began admitting non-student African Americans to football games on a segregated basis. Beginning in the fall of 1955, OU was finally open to all African American students, regardless of degree program. The same year, President Cross decided to do away with segregation at football games. "We should no longer try to segregate with respect to any University function," he explained while conceding that "we may have some trouble about this, but I see no other way of interpreting the Supreme Court's decision."
With the restrictions finally removed, African Americans now had the chance to become both Sooner fans and Sooner athletes. They had access to the pride surrounding OU football that heretofore had excluded them. Integrating both the stadium and the football team granted them access to the emergent Cold War utopia known as Bud Wilkinson's Oklahoma.
Image from Sooner Magazine, Spring 1987.
On February 23rd, 1956, Prentice Gautt, a star running back from Oklahoma City's all-black Douglass High School, announced his decision to enroll at the University of Oklahoma. In choosing OU, Gautt turned down athletic scholarship offers from nearly a dozen institutions, including Iowa State, Oklahoma A&M (later Oklahoma State), and Ohio State. Gautt's decision was front-page news in the Black Dispatch, Oklahoma City's weekly African American newspaper. Though Gautt was not offered an athletic scholarship, he still planned to try out for the Sooners football team. The paper had little doubt that Gautt would make the team, explaining "the current rumor [was] that Coach Charles (Bud) Wilkinson has vowed that if he attends OU he will have a berth on the 'Big Red' football team." Gautt's decision to attend OU represented a significant moment in the history of race relations in Oklahoma.
Unlike other black players who tried to make the Sooner's roster before him, Gautt received a four-year academic scholarship from the Med-De-Phar Society of Oklahoma City, an African American organization comprised of doctors, dentists, and pharmacists. Andy Dement hoped to become Oklahoma's first black player in 1954, but decided to attend Maryland State College when Wilkinson declined to give him a scholarship. The next year, four black players — George Farmer, Jr., Sylvester Norwood, Charles Parker, and Frank Wilson, Jr. — tried out for the team. They practiced with the freshman for several weeks, but as the season wore on one by one they eventually quit. Injuries prevent Norwood and Parker from continuing. Farmer felt pressured to quit after his car was broken into and vandalized with racial epithets. Wilson lasted the longest, but without the support of the other players he found it hard to continue, checking in his gear only a few days before the first freshman game.
From Ebony Magazine, Nov. 1958.
While Gautt had to earn his spot, he did not have the financial pressures as those who came before him. Likewise, he benefited from significant experience playing in integrated settings. As a junior, Gautt played in Oklahoma's first integrated high school football game. He was also the first black player invited to the Oklahoma high school football all-star game. Gautt dominated the game, scoring a 23-yard touchdown on the game's opening drive. Then, he returned the second-half kick 90-yards for a touchdown. His performance proved he belonged in the game, and earned him honors as the "game's outstanding back."
Most importantly, Gautt was an excellent student with the right disposition to make it at OU. He was quiet, easy-going, and not the type to focus on the negative. He also recognized the significance of his choice. "I figured that since it is for Oklahoma, and no boy of our race has ever been on the team at O.U., I would go there and do my best to try to make a way for other Negro boys," Gautt told the Black Dispatch. "I hope it will encourage more of them, and be a beginning." Gautt's optimism reflected an awareness of the collective. Playing for Oklahoma mattered more than playing for Langston, Oklahoma A&M, or Wichita. And it mattered more not because he would be the first, but because of what Oklahoma meant. Oklahoma mattered more because of its national reputation and its success, but most importantly because of the pride it gave to Oklahomans. The Black Dispatch rarely reported on the Sooners because they were disconnected and did not represent the black community. After all, if you cannot attend games and no members of your race can play on the team, why read about them. Gautt's decision to attend OU and become its first black football player changed all of that. Playing for Oklahoma meant sharing that pride and extending Bud Wilkinson's Oklahoma to a new demographic. It meant expanding who could be a Sooner. Gautt knew before setting a foot on campus that he was not just breaking a barrier but changing a culture.
Andrew McGregor is a PhD Candidate in the Department of History at Purdue University, where he teaches courses in history and African-American studies. He is also the founding co-editor of this blog. His current research explores the intersections of college football, race, masculinity, and politics in postwar America through the lens of Bud Wilkinson and the University of Oklahoma football dynasty. You can reach him via email at amcgrego@purdue.edu or on Twitter:@admcgregor85
07 April 2016 in Andrew McGregor, research. Tags: African Americans, Bud Wilkinson, college football, Oklahoma, prentice gautt, race, sport history
Beyond Football: The Political Career of Bud Wilkinson (Part 2)
The Bud Wilkinson Show: Television, the NCAA, and the Cold War
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Complete a driving safety course that has been approved by the Texas Education Agency. You may choose either a traditional classroom training course or an online course. Both are 6 hour classes.
Present your certificate of completion to the court.
the certificate to you upon completion of the course.
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If you fail to provide the court with the required documents, you will have to appear at a Show Cause Hearing before a Municipal Court Judge to explain why you have failed to comply. If you fail to appear at the hearing, a warrant may be issued for your arrest and a conviction of the offense charged will be entered on your driving record.


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Mubarak Supporters' Offensive Heightens Volatility in Egypt
Feb 2, 2011 4:07 PM EDT
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/mubarak-supporters-offensive-heightens-volatility-in-egypt
Supporters of President Mubarak and Egypt's ruling party went on an offensive Wednesday. The ensuing clashes left hundreds injured. Jeffrey Brown discusses the volatility of the situation with Nader Hashemi of the University of Denver, Leslie Campbell of the National Democratic Institute and Cornell Law School's Chantal Thomas.
Read the Full Transcript
JEFFREY BROWN:
And we get more now on all of today's developments from Nader Hashemi, an assistant professor of Middle East politics at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver; Leslie Campbell, regional director for the Middle East and North Africa at the National Democratic Institute; and Chantal Thomas, former head of the Law Department at the American University in Cairo. She's a professor at Cornell Law School and a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton.
Nader Hashemi, I will start with you.
How serious are today's clashes in Cairo? How — how — how volatile is the situation now?
NADER HASHEMI, University of Denver: It's very volatile and very serious.
I mean, what we're seeing is an attempt by the Mubarak regime, in this last phase, to attempt a rearguard action to retain control of a society that it has lost control over. So, I think this does not bode well for the future of Egypt, and it suggests that the Mubarak regime is willing to sink to very deep depths of depravity to prevent a democratic transition from happening.
Chantal Thomas, what are — what are you seeing from where you are? How — how — what's your sense of how organized the pro-Mubarak forces are at this point?
CHANTAL THOMAS, Cornell Law School:
Well, I think the sense is very much that the pro-Mubarak forces, sense of the average folks in Cairo is that they're very much organized and, in fact, they are essentially plainclothes policemen who have been armed by Mubarak and by the police with tear gas, with horses, with camels, with resources to try to crack down on anti-Mubarak protests.
Well, Leslie Campbell, how much wider support does President Mubarak have at this point? I mean, he's been in power a long time, right? So there's a whole sort of regime there that is used to him.
LESLIE CAMPBELL, National Democratic Institute:
It's not terribly surprising that a ruling party that controlled and does control still every aspect of Egyptian society, every institution, the police force, some of the labor unions, the business, and so it's not too surprising that that ruling party didn't give up quite so easily.
I think that some of the protesters maybe saw Ben Ali of Tunisia leave after only a few weeks of protests, and perhaps they were naive in thinking that the ruling apparatus of Egypt would give up so quickly.
But I agree. These are serious, but I think the protesters are probably not going to be put off this easily. But what I'm afraid is, we will see many days of high tension and, unfortunately, probably some violence.
Is it — staying with you for a moment, is it possible to tell about the wider society, a kind of silent majority out there, where — where they would come down, pro- or anti- — anti-Mubarak?
LESLIE CAMPBELL:
I don't know if there's any scientific way of knowing.
The Egyptians — many Egyptians, the educational level is not that high. There's a lot of illiteracy. There's a lot of poverty. One of the — well, more than one report — many reports today of the thugs that were sent in to break up these demonstrations is that a number of them were clearly from a lower socioeconomic class.
It's possible they were, for example, paid a small sum of money. But what we have been hearing — and I think this is very serious — is that people are tired of the disruption. Food supplies are low. In fact, the government of Egypt subsidizes staples: flour, bread, cooking oil, those sorts of things. And they can control the flow of some of those staple foods. And people do want to go back to normal life.
That would suggest, Nader Hashemi, that's pressure, and perhaps a strategy to put pressure on demonstrators to — to allow things to get back to normal. Do you that is a — that is a plan from the government?
NADER HASHEMI:
Absolutely. I think it's a deliberate strategy, really, to, you know, divide and conquer, in a sense, to — to send a message that, look, if these protests continue, if you go into the street, that you won't be able to feed your families.
And this is part of, I think, a broader strategy of trying to encourage people not to leave their homes to join the pro-democracy protests. And it's part and parcel of just a — of what I mentioned before, a rearguard action, a desperate attempt by a regime that is in its final phases to reassert control. So, I see this as very orchestrated and deliberate.
But do you see — staying with you for a moment, do you see this — the president, President Mubarak, counting on reaching this larger majority of people out there that are not the ones in Tahrir Square? Can he — is — can he count on — on any support from people like that?
No, I don't think that's what he's attempting to do. I think he's — what he's attempting to do is reach out to that segment of society to intimidate them, to send a clear message that, look, if you come into the street, you will get a Molotov cocktail thrown at you, that you could get beaten up.
It's to really send a message that law and order is slipping away, and it is in your own personal interest to remain at home and not to join the protests. So, I think — I don't think it's trying to ideologically win any supporters. I think those days are long past, after 30 years of dictatorship. It's really to instill fear, and — and — and, by instilling fear, to hope to — the hope is to regain control.
So, Chantal Thomas, is it a kind of a stalemate? What — what breaks it? What is the — what are the calculations by both sides here?
CHANTAL THOMAS:
Well, you know, I have to disagree a bit with some of my colleagues here.
I do think, in talking to friends and colleagues there in Cairo, that, you know, I think the — the majority do want a peaceful transition. They are frustrated with the status quo. They would like to see change. But I do agree as well that the strategy here is to try to wear down popular support for a change in power domestically, and also, frankly, to try to convince the international community to continue to support Mubarak in order to maintain stability, not only in Egypt but in the region.
Of course, you — you — we did hear the international community with pretty sharp rebukes of President Mubarak today. Do you think that has any impact?
We would hope. We would hope. We would hope that, as well, that what leaders in the international community and our own government are saying to news cameras and explicitly also tracks with what they may be saying behind closed doors.
I certainly am not casting any aspersions here, but it's very true that Mubarak has been a key ally in the region, and he knows that a big part of his authority, domestically and internationally, has been promising stability. So, I do think that, although there is vocal criticism of what Mubarak has been up to in the past few days, that we still have some ways to go before we see a really decisive change, in terms of pressure in the international community.
Leslie Campbell, what do you make of the army's stance today, apparently allowing the pro-Mubarak forces in on horse, on camel, and — and in large numbers, standing by…
… but not taking action for one side or the other?
It's disturbing, because one of the positive narratives of the last few days of protests was — the narrative was that the army was professional, it was neutral. Perhaps some of the protesters thought even perhaps the army was on their side.
And there was a sense, I think, yesterday sort of euphoria after the large protests of yesterday that the army was sort of standing by in a sense to safeguard a transition.
But what we saw today — and I think it's ironic — maybe that is not a strong enough word — it was tragic that, after President Mubarak promised a transition, the first step appeared to be to unleash the thugs on the protesters.
And then the army, in their first real test, stood by and allowed this violence to occur. So, I think what the protesters are going home tonight thinking is, wow, if that's the first day of transition to something new, that's terrible.
And I would amplify this — this idea about the international community. I think they have to make it loud and make their views known loud and clear that transition to something new doesn't start with unleashing violence.
Well, Nader Hashemi, what do you think about the army's role today and — and going forward? I mean, they're still a major player in whatever kind of transition takes place, right?
Right. They are.
Yesterday, it's important to point out that the army did issue a statement on — on television, Egyptian television, that it wants the protests to end, that they have gone on for too long. And there's an indication that it may start to take a more determined position in terms of how these protests are playing out.
Events today, I think, raise a lot of questions. There's been an analysis that the army is on the side of the people. I think the best case that can be made about where the army stands right now, that it is at least the people on the streets, these soldiers on the streets, are neutral.
And it's pretty clear, from my reading of it, that the senior officer corps, the upper echelons, are still very loyal to Mubarak. So, I don't see the army playing any sort of positive role here in terms of promoting a democratic transition, at least not in the near future.
And, briefly, Chantal Thomas, we — we talked last night about the various opposition groups. In light of what's happened today, do you have any sense of how much they're able to coalesce, to have a kind of single agenda or a single response to the government?
Well, what we're seeing is so unprecedented, it's really hard to say. This revolution, as it — it looks like it will be, or may well turn out to be, really started out completely unorganized, really a sort of 21st century through new technology, of course, Facebook, Twitter and all the rest of it, with no clear leaders.
I think now what we're seeing is an attempt to find some kind of an organization through political opposition leaders who have been on the scene for a while and new ones who are emerging. But whether they will be able to come together and forgo their internal divisions in order to add to the pressure for Mubarak to step down, I think it's a bit too early to call.
Chantal Thomas, Leslie Campbell and Nader Hashemi, thank you all very much.
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Home England Gloucestershire Lasborough, Gloucestershire Family History Guide
Lasborough, Gloucestershire Family History Guide
Lasborough
Lasborough is an Ancient Parish in the county of Gloucestershire.
Parish church: St. Mary
Parish registers begin:
Bishop's Transcripts: None
Parishes adjacent to Lasborough
Newington Bagpath
Beverston
Boxwell with Leighterton
Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales Circa 1870
Lasborough, a chapelry in Weston-Birt parish, Gloucester; among the Cotswolds, 5 miles W by N of Tetbury, and 6 ½ SE of Frocester r. station. Post-town, Wotton-under-Edge. Pop., 65. The manor belongs R. S. Holford, Esq. A Roman settlement was here. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Gloucester and Bristol. Value, £150. Patron, R. S. Holford, Esq. The church was rebuilt in 1861, in the early English style.
Source: The Imperial Gazetteer of England & Wales [Wilson, John M]. A. Fullarton & Co. N. d. c. [1870-72]
Civil Registration District: Tetbury
Diocese: Pre 1836 – Gloucester, Post 1835 – Gloucester and Bristol
Rural Deanery: Stonehouse
Poor Law Union: Tetbury
Hundred: Longtree
Longney, Gloucestershire Family History Guide
Lassington, Gloucestershire Family History Guide


Xi'an is a Western tourist city, but the city is also famous for the food and snacks, where you can enjoy nearly all Shaanxi cuisine. Xi'an is rich in Northwest style, so it has a variety of local snacks which is hard to count, such as Marinated Meat in Baked Bun, Steamed Mutton, Steamed Cold Noodles, Qishan Noodles, and Dumplings Feast. Many people are familiar with the Shaanxi cuisines. Xi'an Muslim Street is a famous food culture district and Xi'an local snacks most concentrated its neighborhoods. Xi'an Muslim Street has a long history, which can be dated back to more than a thousand years ago.
Steamed mutton is a northwest delicacies and Xi'an steamed mutton is especially famous. Because it has the characteristic of warm stomach and anti-hunger, steamed mutton has always been loved by Xi'an and Northwest peoples. Foreign guests also rushed to Shaanxi for a real treat. Steamed beef and mutton has become the "chief representative" in Shaanxi eating.
Dumpling feast is a Xi'an in Shaanxi Han traditional snack and the "dumpling feast", the name, it is mainly from this feast which consists of a mix of dumplings. It is a local best known dumpling feast in Xi'an. Dumplings feast is one of specialty foods in the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and other folk festivals.
Biángbiáng noodles is a Han traditional flavor pasta, also known as the belt noodles. It especially refers to the flour which is grounded by Guanzhong wheat. The noodles are made from the finest flour, with soy sauce, vinegar, monosodium glutamate, pepper and other condiments are put into soup. Then put noodles into the soup and topped with a hot vegetable oil. And Biangbiang noodles are done.
Rouga Mo (Chinese Hamburger) is the ancient Chinese "meat sandwiched bun" for short. It is one of Han Chinese food in Shaanxi province. Rouga Mo is actually a combination of two wonderful food: preserved meat with juice and Baiji bun. Rouga Mo meat combined with preserved meat juice, Baiji steamed as a whole, mutual contrast, will result to the best taste.
Rice and jujube cake is a famous Han snack in Xi'an and Guanzhong area. The raw material is rice, red dates or candied date and jumble beads. Because it is steamed on the iron oven, it was named Zeng cake (rice and jujube cake).
Fried pig intestines (葫芦头), the special snack of Xian, actually takes pork intestines and tripsas the basic material. The pork intestines look like a gourd, hence the name of "gourd head".
Xian cold noodle (西安凉皮) is a famous snack in Shaanxi province. Its unique taste is suitable for all ages. On the basis of different raw material, Xian cold noodle is divided into mi pi (made from rice) and mian pi (made from flour).
Guokui (锅盔) is the traditional flour food favored by Shaanxi public. It used to be a gift presented by grandmother to grandson on his age of one month. Gradually, it developed into local convenience food. Guokui is round with a foot diam, 1 inch thickness and 2.5kg weight.
Round rose cake (玫瑰镜糕) is the folk snack of a time-honored brand. It is round just like a round mirror with sticky rice flour as the main material. It is steamed in a special steaming basket carved by wood for about 1 minute.
Buckwheat noodles (荞面饸饹), together with Lanzhou hand-pulled noodles and Shanxi shaved noodles are highly reputed as the three wonders of wheaten food in the North. As the name suggests, buckwheat is made of buckwheat flour as the main material, mixed with salt and soda.
Crispy fried noodles (金线油塔) is a precious traditional snack in Xian. It is multi-layer of filiaments, just like a golden thread when lifted and a pinecone when laying down, hence the name. According to legend, it began in the Tang Dynasty, originally called "oil collapse".
Minced noodles (臊子面) is the flavored snack of Shaanxi. It takes an important role in central Shaanxi plain. It is a must in important occasions such as wedding, funeral, birthday feast, full moon wine for kids, etc..


If there's one section of the Moscow hotel market that's reached its full potential in terms of choice and development to international standards, then it's certainly the top end of the 5-star segment. Here, Moscow can offer properties that are not only sumptuously luxurious but that also strive to offer a unique experience encompassing Moscow's rich historic and cultural traditions. Take your pick of the very best hotels that Moscow has to offer.


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Explore Human Limits @ Wellcome Collection
By Sponsor Last edited 100 months ago
Sponsor Explore Human Limits @ Wellcome Collection
This is a sponsored post on behalf of Wellcome Collection.
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Here we explain how to make global design changes in the homepage construction kit. These changes always affect the entire website. To do this, click on "Design" in the menu bar on the left.
There you can make settings for texts, buttons, images, page backgrounds and the layout for navigation on the various devices but now step by step.
Under "Global Text", for example, the font, font size and color of the website texts can be changed. If we click on "Global Buttons", we see the setting options for buttons on the website. In the section "Global Images" you can add frames or shadows to the images. Under "Page Background" you can change the background for the entire website or individual sub-pages. Finally, under "Website layout" you can edit the display of the navigation on the respective end devices.


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Home / Comics, Comic Art & Animation Art / 2014 July 1 - 2 Animation Art Signature Auction - New York Auction #7103 / Lot #95203
Walt Disney Studio Holiday Card and Ephemera Group (Walt Disney, 1930s). ... (Total: 11 Items)
Walt Disney Studio Holiday Card and Ephemera Group (Walt Disney, 1930s). Ade Woolery (1909-1992) began in camera department at Walt Disney Studios in 1936 and began shooting pencil tests. He was promoted to the multiplane camera on The Old Mill and then moved over to Camera Production. He was directly responsible for 20% of the footage on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. He then supervised final production on Pinocchio, Fantasia, Bambi, Dumbo and many shorts. Here, from his personal archives is a wild look into the daily workings at the Disney Studio prior to the Strike. This lot has a brochure for Walt's Field Day, an all company outing held on June 4, 1938 at Lake Norconian. Preliminary two page typed notes on the day as well as a 5-page itinerary of the event is included. Hotel reservations showcase a who's who of animation. The lot also includes a Snow White, Pinocchio, and Fantasia multi-page studio holiday card, as well as a 1949 UPA studio holiday card and a 1939 personal Christmas card to Ade from Ward Kimball. It is signed B and W on his Grizzly Flats stationary with a self-portrait toy caricature post card. And finally, a studio flyer that says Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays Walt and Roy with nothing but poor news headlines behind the Holiday greeting. Bottom of the flyer says "What the hell, come on over to Victor's this afternoon and have a drink on us!" Slight fade here and there; otherwise in Good condition. Playhouse Pictures Archive.
More information about Memorabilia.
1st-2nd Tuesday-Wednesday
Jared, you and Heritage treated me more than just professionally...you regarded my comic book pages with more than admiration.
Dick and Lindy Ayers


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Alison S.
I Gained Mobility By Dissolving Scar Tissue
Author: Alison S.
I was in a serious car accident nearly a year ago that resulted in reconstructive surgery on my right ankle. It took 4 months to be able to walk again, but even a year post-surgery, I had very limited mobility due to scar tissue build up/inflammation. My orthopedic said the scar tissue may never go away without surgery.
The next day I began applying a roller filled with the Panaway oil blend and coconut oil. I applied directly to where the scar tissue and inflammation was every day, 2x per day.
After two weeks, I kneeled down to change my baby's diaper and was able to rest my bum on my knees. I had not been able to do that since before the car accident, not because of pain, but because of the lack of flexibility. Nothing else had changed about my routine within those two weeks.
I continue to use the roller now once every morning to continue supporting flexibility in my ankle.
1. Associated topics: inflammation — "Cineole has mucolytic, bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory properties and reduces the exacerbation rate in patients suffering from COPD, as well as ameliorates symptoms in patients suffering from asthma and rhinosinusitis.... The effects of Cineole in the treatment of acute bronchitis were clearly measurable and could be proven after a treatment period of merely 4 days. This study corroborates the fact that Cineole actively and significantly reduces cough frequency after four days." Link
2. Associated topics: inflammation — "[W]e studied the anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects of C. citratus [Lemongrass] and E. citriodora [Lemon Eucalyptus] essential oils on formol-induced edema and acetic acid induced abdominal cramps in Wistar rats.... In vivo analysis and histological assay showed that the two essential oils displayed significant dose-dependent edema [swelling] inhibition effect over time. They displayed strong analgesic [pain-relieving] and antipyretic [fever-reducing] properties similar to that induced by 50 mg/kg of acetylsalicylate of lysine.... This work demonstrates the anti-inflammatory property of Cymbopogon citratus [Lemongrass] and Eucalyptus citriodora [Lemon Eucalyptus], suggesting their potential role as adjuvant therapeutic alternatives in dealing with inflammatory-related diseases." Link
3. Associated topics: inflammation — "To assess their anti-inflammatory activities, effects of essential oils on neutrophil activation were examined in vitro.... All essential oils tested at 0.1% concentration suppressed TNF-945;-induced neutrophil adherence, and, in particular, lemongrass, geranium, and spearmint oils clearly lowered the reaction even at 0.0125%. Similar inhibitory activities for the neutrophil adherence were obtained by their major constituent terpenoids: citral, geraniol, citronellol and carvone. Thus, some essential oils used as anti-inflammatory remedies suppress neutrophil activation by TNF-945; at a low concentration (0.0125-0.025%) in vitro." Link
4. Associated topics: inflammation — "Ruxiang (Gummi olibanum), the dried gum resin of Boswellia carterii (BC) [frankincense], has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation for thousands of years.... The data show that BC extract has significant anti-arthritic and anti-inflammation effects and suggest that these effects may be mediated via the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines." Link
5. Associated topics: inflammation — "We have demonstrated that Boswellia frereana [frankincense] prevents collagen degradation, and inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and MMPs. Due to its efficacy we propose that B. frereana should be examined further as a potential therapeutic agent for treating inflammatory symptoms associated with arthritis." Link
6. Associated topics: inflammation — "Anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic [muscle spasms], antimicrobial, antioxidant, carminative [flatulence] and immunomodulatory properties of caraway suggest that it might exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).... CHE and CEO [caraway essential oil] at all doses tested were effective in reducing colon tissue lesions and colitis indices and the efficacy was nearly the same when different doses of plant fractions were administered p.o. or i.p..... These data suggest that caraway fractions are both effective and possess anti-colitic activity irrespective of the dose and route of administration." Link
7. Associated topics: inflammation — "Phytogenic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are currently discussed as promising complementary agents in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our study aimed to evaluate possible protective and curative effects of broccoli extract (BE) and of the essential oils of turmeric (Cuo), thyme (To), and rosemary (Ro) in a rat model with a mild dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis.... We conclude that the phytogenic additives tested have a promising anti-inflammatory potential in vivo and a particular role in the prevention of IBD." Link
8. Associated topics: inflammation — "Demodex blepharitis is a common but overlooked external eye disease. The pathogenesis of Demodex blepharitis in eliciting ocular surface inflammation has been further clarified. The modified eyelash sampling and counting method makes it easier and more accurate to diagnose Demodex infestation. Tea tree oil shows promising potential to treat Demodex blepharitis by reducing Demodex counts with additional antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory actions." Link


Lydig Construction, one of the largest education construction providers in Washington state, shares how BIM is transforming how they deliver projects. Today's high tech educational institutions must fulfill a wide range of needs for both students and faculty. Renovations or Expansion of educational facilities often require tremendous coordination to avoid disrupting current school operations or student lives. Safety is another concern that is always at the forefront when it comes to educational projects.
In this webinar, Clark Morgan, Virtual Construction PM at Lydig shares how they use BIM and Assemble to stay ahead of all the challenges and deliver quality learning environments effectively.


Professional dog care services are meant to provide your dog with love and care it needs. These professional dog care centers will monitor your dog, and they will make sure that your dog is safe and happy. Therefore, you do not have to leave your dog with your support system or relatives whenever you are away from home. Dog daycare centers offer professional dog services that we exhaust here. For this reason, we will discuss some of the advantages you are likely to get when you take your dog to a reliable dog boarding facility in Chicago.
One of the services provided by these dog boarding centers in Chicago is dog grooming. With professional groomers at site, these dog care centers will offer the best grooming services your dog deserves. Apart from cutting the dog nails, cleaning their ears and teeth, these centers will also brush the hair of your dog.
Just like humans, dogs also need to exercise to live a healthy life. Since most dog boarding Chicago facilities understands this psychology, they will offer private dog runs and walks where the dog can run both indoors and outdoors at different times.
In addition to private walks and runs, you can find dog boarding facilities that offer swimming classes. Today, dog boarding Chicago facilities offer swimming classes for your dog as a way to cut down boredom and for the dogs to exercise even more. But before you send your dog to such facilities, it is important that you ask the caregivers if the breed of your dog can swim.
The best class of dog care centers in Chicago offer dog training programs. This includes basic commands and household manners. Through these training programs, your dog will come home with better behaviours.
When it comes to your dog safety; you need to select a dog care center that guarantees its protection. Without a doubt, you should find a boarding facility that will monitor your dog always. The good thing is that most dog boarding facilities in Chicago have workers whose primary work is to watch your pet while they play. For this reason, you can be able to attend to other important issues comfortably since you know your dog is in safe hands.
Apart from all the practical reasons for sending your dog to dog care center, this one beats all of them; love. Ideally, you need to choose a dog care center that will offer exactly that. With dog care, your dog will not be lonely or sad at any given time because it will be given the love, care and attention it deserves.
Dog daycare centers in Chicago can offer the best boarding services, so reach out and let your dog enjoy its stay.


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Home›Essays›Literature›The Rings of Saturn by W. G. Sebald
The Rings of Saturn by W. G. Sebald
The subject of the essays and novels by Sebald (Vertigo, 1990; The Emigrants, 1996; The Rings of Saturn, 1995; Austerlitz, 2001) is a long-standing and recent history of Germany and Europe from the Great Plague and the Great Fire of London in the XVII century until the Holocaust in the XX century. The author makes conscious attempts to detect the unmistakable traces of disasters, to understand their complexity and to commemorate them with a power of the word. Sebald's hero is a lone traveler making his journey through the countries and times inheriting the literary pilgrimages of Rousseau and Gottfried Keller, Adalbert Stifter and Robert Walser. Sebald repeatedly wrote about them as a historian of literature. History also has come to Sebald's prose in the form of real documents: receipts, memos, letters, photographs, and many others illustrating the multiple layers of novelistic space and time. The author himself has a quite unique biography, his prose reflects unusual literary context, and, finally, the style of the works is of a great interest to the literary critics and devotees of intellectual prose.
Winfried Georg Sebald, a son of a soldier of the Wehrmacht, was born in a small town of Wertach, Bavaria, on May 18, 1944. His name he wrote with the initials V.G. while his friends and householders called him Max. The name under which he was published, as well as the language, in which he wrote, were part of a complex and, of course, painful for him debt system. Sebald came to a decision to leave the country after he saw the photos of the Nazi concentration camps. His life can be described in a few paragraphs recounting the fate of an exile that he personally chose; the years of teaching experience while publishing several books in German; the growing fame treated with courtesy; and accurate, brief, and very balanced interviews, which neither showed his participation nor rejection. Then a sudden death in a car crash on the verge of worldwide fame in the early winter, on December, 14, 2001. At the time of his death, many critics have named Sebald as a future winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. It was his novel The Rings of Saturn, written in 1995 and edited in English in 1998, which went a long way toward ensuring Sebald's reputation as a writer developing a new kind of literature. The book is an example of his strange and unique style: the mix of genres, the obscuring of fact and fiction, the unclear black and white pictures, and his reflections on the destructive nature of the history, impact on human lives, and strengthening power of the visual arts.
The Rings of Saturn has minimal relevance to Sebald's well-established reputation as a thematic author who is writing about the Holocaust. It is rather a sort of a travel diary, in some sense memoir, contemplation in the form of an essay, and even imaginative literature to some extent. The study of the influence of history, time, and identity, as the author is going on a pilgrimage along the coastline of Suffolk, United Kingdom. As the narrator travels, he encounters places and symbols of interest from the present and the past in his quest to understand himself and his entourage in their proper place within the time, and how they all relate to death. Since the novel was first published in Germany twenty-six years ago, it was washed with a wave of critical and creative responses discussing the prose itself and Sebald's style of writing.
Sebald called his book documentary fiction, a strange genre hybrid hovering in the border zone between reality and fiction, creating uncertainty, because of which the reader who is aware himself is especially vulnerable. Most of the controversy about his book takes place in this zone. Unclear and changing status of Sebald's narrative provokes the reader to get a proper focus, clarify events, and bring the difficult-to-face part. The main issue is always sewn deep into the text. Its true nature always remains vague about its essence and what is exposed to reading: a fictional story provided with real facts and details or the reader perhaps watches as the paper comes to life, the past becomes the present, which the author paints as a black and white photo, an effort of the imagination. Reality and fiction constantly topple over their own edges. The alarming focus Sebald's prose is its double exposure: a deep credibility or conviction inherent to exact knowledge and, at the same time, a strange unreality with the details of each episode dissolving into thin air at the touch. This "aura shines and trembling, making them indistinguishable outline," as Sebald borrows some phrases from Robert Walser, surrounds the body of his own texts like a cloud (A Poem 79).
Writing of Tomas Browne's style, a famous XVII century scholar, Sebald uses his own extraordinary manner of the XIX century German prose. The sophisticated syntax and expansiveness of Sebald's sentences combined with an old-fashioned style saturate the writing creating a variety of perspectives dropping at a great speed or launching skyward (Sebald 19). His peculiar prose writing manner seems to not belong to his epoch. Indeed, modern authors refused hypothetical forms of syntax in the sentences; in the texts, they look very bulky and inconvenient. Thus, they ceased to be the accustomed means for writers. In case one immerses in any form of the past centuries, reasoning prose of British writers, for example, these forms belonging to the previous century of literature just fall into disrepair (Silverblat 83).
Sebald writes of dilapidation, corrosion, and destruction in the Rings of Saturn in syntactic forms, which in themselves are the remains, the shadows of the past time. He begins the novel with the words:
And since the heaviest stone that melancholy can throw at a man is to tell him he is at the end of his nature, Browne scrutinizes that which escaped annihilation for any sign of the mysterious capacity for transmigration he has so often observed in caterpillars and moths. That purple piece of silk he refers to, then, in the urn of Patroclus—what does it mean? (Sebald 26)
In the novel, Sebald investigates much debris or degrading areas tracking rebirth, but it is also a story of participation with violence and destruction. The most appropriate comparison to this would be a silk thread using which the narrator returns after being engulfed in the centuries as Theseus coming back after the confrontation from the Labyrinth where the Minotaur dwelt.
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The idea of "using the thread", as a metaphor, is stylistically augmented in the annals. The hypothetical approach, registered by the frequent connection between the words, sentences, and paragraphs, constructs a range of consistent and associative relations. This stylistic device creates a certain impulse from one point to another together with suspension pulsing through the connection and modification. Suspension as the closing point of the utterance is crucial for finishing its meaning. As a result, following it, the readers are able to discern the thread, but the place of destination reveals itself only after they arrive. Only with this ultimate point of view, the readers come to understand the genuine essence of the traveling.
In fact, talking about the syntax of The Rings of Saturn that is known only by its English translations there is something deeply amusing and characteristic of Sebald. His prose like a dimensionless sponge absorbs all that is sunken and restless as it is written over the language. No wonder, all depicted in this novel, as the author himself might have said, has a tendency to dissolve into thin air. His style allows the readers to understand that the world is created and managed by the narrator.
Greek Goddess Athena and Barrack Obama
Howl by Allen Ginsberg
American Literature: The Play Friends
A Raisin in the Sun and the Characters' Dreams
The Things They Carried


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Q: nginx rewrite regex to add / to URL's ignores .pdf requests and adds / On our server we have added rewrite ^(.*[^/])$ $1/ permanent;to add a / at the end of requested URL's and it works great, however its my understanding that the above regex adds a '/' if the URL does not contain a whatever.*
With this in mind can anyone see why it would ignore links contain .pdf.
an example url is https://webaddress.com/lang/course/project/protected/project.pdf
I can view an image perfectly ok.

A: turns out the issue was the regex:
the correct one is rewrite ^([^.]*[^/])$ $1/ permanent;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Gone But Not Forgotten: Hubert Sumlin
By Todd Beebe, April 17, 2013
HUBERT SUMLIN: A true legend for the rock n' roll hall of fame
By Todd Beebe
The music world lost one of its true giants on Dec. 4, 2011. Mr. Hubert Sumlin created a guitar style that influenced generations of Blues players. Along with the mighty Howlin' Wolf, he literally created and performed the style of "Rock n Roll" before that term was even used. He indeed was a true legend. I had the honor of seeing Hubert perform numerous times, many of those at Legends. Even in his later years, when he was dealing with health issues, he always gave 110% to his performances. Hubert was also the definition of the word gentleman. One of the kindest, friendliest people you could ever meet, he always greeted everyone like they were a life long friend. I believe that was because he actually felt that anyone who took the time to come and see him perform WAS a life long friend. Hubert Sumlin was a class act all around, and an architect of electric Blues – A legend in the true sense of the word.
Legends in the music business are an interesting breed. It seems like not a day goes by when we don't hear the word "legend" being used to describe someone who really, in the grand scheme of things, have yet to fully pay their dues. Don't get me wrong- leaving a mark on even a few listeners here and there is certainly cause for celebration! The music business can be a cutthroat world where you're on top one day, then thrown to the curb the next. So, it's certainly understandable and agreeable to give anyone credit that can rise to the top, even if it is for a very short time, but when the word "legend" is bestowed upon someone, in my opinion, that someone should be a person who's music and style has affected everyone, worldwide. There are even musicians who may not realize they've been influenced by that person, and are getting it through another source. One name that is most definitely on that list is Mr. Hubert Sumlin.
Hubert held the title of guitarist for the great Howlin' Wolf's band for many years. The Wolf and Hubert are so connected, when anyone familiar with Wolf's music is asked to name his greatest collaborator and musical partner, Hubert Sumlin's name is guaranteed to be the first to come up.
Hubert Sumlin was born on November 16, 1931 in Greenwood, Mississippi and raised in Hughes, Arkansas. Early music that Hubert heard and influenced him tremendously came from the likes of Charlie Patton, Lonnie Johnson, Robert Johnson, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Sonny Boy Williamson, Son House and Blind Willie McTell. He received his first guitar at the age of six when his mother spent her weekly paycheck of $5 to buy one for Hubert.
A few years later, Hubert decided to sneak out to a juke joint where the great Howlin' Wolf was performing that evening. Standing outside the joint, and watching the show atop some empty crates, Hubert became more and more mesmerized by the Wolf and his music. [pullquote]The music touched him so deeply, he suddenly found himself falling through the window he was peeping through, and landed right on the stage! [/pullquote]A perfect introduction to the rightful place he would soon hold with Wolf! The club's owner immediately tried to evict the underage Blues study, but Howlin' Wolf demanded that the boy could stay and watch the rest of his performance, sitting right on the stage. Hubert knew he was in deep trouble with his mother when he arrived home. Wolf accompanied him to his house and convinced her the boy was just curious and pleaded with her to please not punish him.
Hubert Sumlin and Howlin' Wolf
Before long Hubert was playing in a band with James Cotton. Howlin' Wolf had moved to Chicago, and sent word out to Hubert that he would like him to join him in The Windy City. Howlin' Wolf originally recorded in Memphis, Tennessee at Sun Studio. Sun owner, Sam Phillips then sold/leased the sides to the RPM and Chess labels. During this time, Wolf's main guitar man was Willie Johnson. Soon though, the mighty Wolf was asked to move to Chicago to work exclusively with Chess Records. Hubert accepted Wolf's offer to relocate and join him full time. His style was still in the developing stages at this point. One great story tells of how Howlin' Wolf told Hubert to put down the guitar picks because he was overplaying. Hubert listened and created a unique style of strictly playing with his fingers and created a sound and tone that would influence players around the world.
What happened next was the creation of some of the greatest Blues recordings ever laid to wax – a virtual blueprint of Chicago Blues at it's finest, and a textbook for all future generations of how it is supposed to be done. Any definitive list of the greatest Blues songs of all time will surely include Howlin' Wolf's great "Smokestack Lightnin' " where Hubert and Willie Johnson provide a double guitar tour deforce that still has people scratching their heads to "get it" exactly how they did. Hubert Sumlin played alongside Willie Johnson and the great Jody Williams on many of those Chicago sides, but it is his guitar front and center on classics like "Killing Floor", "Shake For Me", "The Red Rooster", "Louise", and "Wang Dang Doodle."
When producers tried to bring the founding fathers of the Blues into a more "modern" era with the early 70's London Sessions albums, they asked then current Rock players to guest on the albums. [pullquote]When Eric Clapton was asked to play on Howlin' Wolf's London Sessions LP he stated "not without Hubert"[/pullquote]- flat out refusing to join the sessions unless his hero, Mr. Sumlin was present and participating. Outside of a short period joining Muddy Waters band, Hubert was Howlin' Wolf's true right hand man – staying with him right up until the end, January 10, 1976, when the world lost one of the giants of music, the great Howlin' Wolf.
I would definitely like to take a moment here to mention how important I feel Hubert Sumlin's solo recordings are. Sumlin had released numerous albums over the years that showcase his influential style greatly. Some of those great discs are Hubert Sumlin's Blues Party, Heart & Soul, Blues Guitar Boss and the great About Them Shoes. For my money, the finest Hubert Sumlin solo album is 1998's great Wake Up Call. Put on any track on Wake Up Call and just sit back and listen to the master at work. This album, to me, is literally textbook Hubert Sumlin, and something every Blues musician needs to listen to and own. The guitar work is a lesson on each track. Hubert's voice is strong and grasping for your attention reminding us that he also has a great voice to go with his legendary guitar playing. Thanks to Jimmy Vivino for producing the album and putting Hubert in a proper setting, allowing him to do his thing! Even if you're familiar with all of the classic Howlin' Wolf tunes Hubert has played on, do yourself a favor and check out all of his solo work as well. It's all classic stuff.
The fact that Hubert Sumlin is not in the Rock n' Roll Hall of Fame is mind boggling. There is a list a mile long that we can all come up with of performers we righfully think should be inducted into the Rock n' Roll Hall of Fame. However if you really narrow that list down to the true founding fathers of the music, Rock n Roll, and the guitar styles which certainly define it, Hubert Sumlin is, in my opinion, #1 on that list. Sumlin was playing the "Rock n Roll Style" before it was even called "Rock n Roll."
Listen to any of Howlin' Wolf's great sides recorded in Chicago on Chess Records and you will hear the blistering, wild guitar of Hubert pushing the instrument far beyond it's limits! These songs and their unrestrained playing influenced Clapton, Jeff Beck and Jimi Hendrix without a doubt. Now we all know how much the 3 players I just named have influenced Rock n Roll, so if they learned from Hubert, it only makes perfect sense that he too should be in the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame.
Don't misunderstand what I'm saying here-The Rock n Roll Hall of Fame has done some great things bringing the public's attention to alot of the music's founding fathers. Howlin' Wolf was inducted in 1991, our own Buddy Guy was inducted in 2005, and countless other legends have been honored over the years. The importance of the induction itself varies from person to person. Some people seem to think it really doesn't matter, other's feel it's just a nice thing for a legend to have the honor bestowed upon them, especially during their living years. I'm in the latter group on this one. What a great thing it would have been to let Hubert enjoy an induction into the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame and witness a ceremony honoring him for the creation of music he was surely an architect of while he's was still here with us. Sadly, it is too late for that to happen now. But Hubert's life and accomplishments should still rightfully be honored by an induction. Inducting Hubert Sumlin into the RnR Hall of Fame, would have surely put a smile on the man's face as he is looking down from Blues Heaven.
Legends truly are few and far between. Hubert Sumlin is the definition of the word. Anyone who picks up a guitar today owes the man a huge debt. Let's give the man all the credit he deserves. Thanks Hubert, for all of the great times, for sharing your life with us, and of course, for the music. Rest in peace our friend, Hubert Sumlin.
Todd Beebe
Todd Beebe is a full time musician/teacher in the Chicago area and a staff writer at BG: Blues And Music News. His first exposure to music was hearing his Grandfather's bands playing Traditional Country music by the likes of Hank Williams Sr., The Carter Family and Jimmie Rodgers. Tracing the roots of that music lead him to his love of the Blues. Todd is available for private guitar instruction at All About Music, Inc. in Mokena, IL. 708-479-0440 www.AllAboutMusicMokena.com For more info contact him @ 708-214-6459 or visit www.ToddBeebeMusic.com.
Categories: Article, Feature, Gone But Not Forgotten
Tagged: featured, guitar, Howlin Wolf, Hubert Sumlin, Todd beebe
Featured Artist: Anthony Moser
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Q: Start iexplore from batch with more tabs and inprivate So I found this vbs script at:
Post on sof
The idea is to start IE With more tabs and -inprivate from a batch-file.
The only thing im missing is that I want the iexplore to start as -inprivate but i dont know where to putt it. I tryed to poste the code her but i got me alot of error.

A: iexplore.exe -private www.google.com


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Home Refugees
Biloela Tamil family has landed in Darwin
Priya and Nadesalingam came to Australia separately by boat in 2012 and 2013 following Sri Lanka's civil war.
Posted By: Editor 30 August 2019
The following was dispatched by the AAP Newswire. A Tamil family had been put on a plane to deport them from Australia. But they are not alone. Residents of Biloela and other supporters around Australia have been campaigning for them to be allowed to stay. Federal judge Heather Riley ordered blocked the deportation. The plane landed in Darwin at 3 am and the family were escorted off. The dispatch was sent before the plane landed.
A Tamil asylum seeker family being deported from Australia has won a last-minute reprieve after a Melbourne judge granted an eleventh-hour injunction to block the move.
Earlier on Thursday Priya, her husband Nadesalingam and their two Australian-born daughters boarded a plane that left Melbourne Airport for Sri Lanka.
However, lawyers acting for the family's supporters say they have won an interim injunction in the Melbourne Federal Circuit Court.
It's understood the plane is due to land in Darwin about 2am.
The orders made by Judge Heather Riley state that the Minister for Immigration be restrained from removing the applicant from the Commonwealth of Australia.
A hearing is listed for 10am on August 30 at the Federal Circuit Court.
Biloela resident Angela Fredericks, who is behind the campaign to keep the family in Australia, said she is unsure what will happen to them now.
"I'd dare say they'd be escorted off the plane then I'd say they would be back in a detention centre so whether they will be flown back to Melbourne I don't know," she told AAP.
Priya and Nadesalingam came to Australia separately by boat in 2012 and 2013 following Sri Lanka's civil war.
The family had been held in a Melbourne detention centre since March 2018, after being taken from their home in Biloela, in Queensland, during a pre-dawn raid.
They lived in Biloela for four years on a temporary bridging visa before it ran out in March 2018. The High Court denied their final bid to stay in May 2018.
Last week the family found out their efforts to stay in the country had been rejected, with supporters calling on the federal immigration minister to reconsider.
Supporters previously told AAP they feared the family would be in danger if sent back to Sri Lanka.
The family has received strong support from Australians with more than 200,000 people signing a Change.org online petition to prevent them from being sent back.
The Department of Immigration had previously stated the family's case had been assessed over many years.
3 Comments on "Biloela Tamil family has landed in Darwin"
Elizabeth Crockett | 30 August 2019 at 7:30 am | Reply
What cruel and unnecessary torture is this to a family that Australia have taken into their hearts. This is pure madness and a power trip for Dutton who believes he has the power over life and death.
Jenelle Moore | 30 August 2019 at 11:01 am | Reply
Please let these people stay two are Australian citizens for goodness sake. The people of this town know them and vouch for them. Send Dutton in their place, I'm sure he would be welcome in Sri Lanka.
ALLAN | 2 September 2019 at 3:59 pm | Reply
Is Mr Morrison so scared of Mr Dutton that he just agrees 2 everything he does??


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text:
Q: how do i use tkinter to open a new script, then when closing the new window return to the first script? these two scripts worked fine seperatly and after many differant approches i have got the page1 to open menu_func however when i close menu_func the window remains but deletes the photos etc?
i want the back command to return to the page1 script
i also get this error,

invalid command name "36335088time_now"
while executing
"36335088time_now"
("after" script)

not related to my actual problem but if anybody knows how to get rid of it help would be appreciated
1.page1 code
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from time import strftime
import subprocess
import menu_func

page1 = tk.Toplevel()
width_value=page1.winfo_screenwidth()
height_value=page1.winfo_screenheight()
page1.geometry('%dx%d-0+0' % (width_value, height_value))
page1.resizable(False, False)

BG1_img = Image.open('BG-BLK-1.png')
BG2_img = BG1_img.resize((width_value,height_value))
BG3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(BG2_img)

canvas = Canvas(page1)
canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=tk.BOTH)
limg = Label(canvas, i=BG3_img)
limg.pack()

SD1_img = Image.open('Bshut.png')
SD2_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(SD1_img)

MU1_img = Image.open('./LIST.png')
MU2_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(MU1_img)

def close():
page1.destroy()

#def MU_COMM():
#    import menu_func.py
#    page1.exit()
#    exec(open('menu_func.py').read())

def time_now():
    T_D = strftime('%A, %d %h %Y %H:%M:%S')
    show_date.config(text = T_D)
    show_date.after(1000, time_now)

exit_button = Button(canvas,image=SD2_img,
command=close,borderwidth='0',border='0',bg='#000000', highlightthickness='0')
exit_button.place(x=1700, y=900)

show_date = Label(canvas, font="Calibri, 46", fg="red", border='0',bg='#00090e')
show_date.place(x=440, y=960)

menu_button = Button(canvas, image=MU2_img, command= menu_func.menu, borderwidth=0,
bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
menu_button.place(x=50, y=900)

time_now()
page1.wm_attributes('-fullscreen', 'True')
page1.mainloop()

2.menu_func code
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from time import strftime

def menu():
    pageM = tk.Toplevel()
    w_v=pageM.winfo_screenwidth()
    h_v=pageM.winfo_screenheight()
    pageM.geometry('%dx%d-0+0' % (w_v, h_v))
    pageM.resizable(False, False)
    BG1m_img = Image.open('BG-BLK-1.png')
    BG2m_img = BG1m_img.resize((w_v,h_v))
    BG3m_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(BG2m_img)
    canvas = Canvas(pageM)
    butt_W = int(w_v/28)
    butt_H = int(h_v/31)
    img_W = int(w_v/8)
    img_H = int(h_v/4)
    canvas = Canvas(pageM)
    canvas.pack(expand=True, fill=tk.BOTH)
    limg = Label(canvas, i=BG3m_img)
    limg.pack()

    def time_now():
        T_D = strftime('%H:%M:%S')
        show_time.config(text = T_D)
        show_time.after(1000, time_now)

    show_time = Label(canvas, font="Calibri, 46", fg="red", border='0',bg='#003a52')
    show_time.place(x=int(w_v/2.3), y=int(h_v/50))

    def call_COM():
        showinfo(title='Information',message='phone Button clicked!')
    call_img = Image.open('CALL.png')
    cal1_img = call_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    cal2_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(cal1_img)
    button1=tk.Button(canvas, image=(cal2_img),borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button1.place(x=int(w_v/5*1-(img_W)+50),y=int(h_v/3*0.8-(img_H/2)))

    def map_COM():
        exec(open("mapscreen.py").read())
    c1_img = Image.open('comp.png')
    c2_img = c1_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    c3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(c2_img)
    button2=tk.Button(canvas, image=c3_img,command=map_COM,borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button2.place(x=int(w_v/5*2-(img_W/1.2)+50),y=int(h_v/3*0.8-(img_H/2)))

    def user_COM():
        showinfo(title='Information',message='user Button clicked!')
    u1_img = Image.open('user.png')
    u2_img = u1_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    u3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(u2_img)
    button3=tk.Button(canvas, image=u3_img,borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button3.place(x=int(w_v/5*3-(img_W/1.5)+50),y=int(h_v/3*0.8-(img_H/2)))

    def set_COM():
        showinfo(title='Information',message='settings Button clicked!')
    s1_img = Image.open('settings.png')
    s2_img = s1_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    s3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(s2_img)
    button4=tk.Button(canvas, image=s3_img,borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button4.place(x=int(w_v/5*4-(img_W/2)+50),y=int(h_v/3*0.8-(img_H/2)))

    def bro_COM():
        exec(open('browser.py').read())
    b1_img = Image.open('brows.png')
    b2_img = b1_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    b3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(b2_img)
    button5=tk.Button(canvas, image=b3_img,command=bro_COM,borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button5.place(x=int(w_v/5*1-(img_W)+50),y=int(h_v/3*2.2-(img_H/1.5)))

    def mus_COM():
        showinfo(title='Information',message='Music Button clicked!')
    m1_img = Image.open('music.png')
    m2_img = m1_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    m3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(m2_img)
    button6=tk.Button(canvas, image=m3_img,borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button6.place(x=int(w_v/5*2-(img_W/1.2)+50),y=int(h_v/3*2.2-(img_H/1.5)))

    def lite_COMM():
        showinfo(title='Information',message='hardware Button clicked!')
    t1_img = Image.open('Torch.png')
    t2_img = t1_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    t3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(t2_img)
    button7=tk.Button(canvas, image=t3_img,borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button7.place(x=int(w_v/5*3-(img_W/1.5)+50),y=int(h_v/3*2.2-(img_H/1.5)))

    def back_COM():
        pageM.quit()
#        exec(open('start_screen.py').read())
    SD1_img = Image.open('home.png')
    SD2_img = SD1_img.resize((img_W,img_H))
    SD3_img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(SD2_img)
    button8=tk.Button(canvas, image=SD3_img,command=back_COM,borderwidth=0,bg='#000000', highlightthickness=0)
    button8.place(x=int(w_v/5*4-(img_W/2)+50),y=int(h_v/3*2.2-(img_H/1.5)))

    time_now()
    print(w_v/5*4-(img_W/2))
    print(w_v/5*1-(img_W))
    print(img_W)
    print(h_v)
    print(w_v)
    pageM.mainloop()

the print(variables) arnt really part of the script there just there to help me work out locations of widgets!
i also understand this is a long code, if anybody know a way to make it shorter or more efficient please let me know, im not a programmer
thanks


text:
Writerly Wednesday: Olympics edition
Quick note: I've been published! My triptych of triptychs about the Galapagos (first seen right here on the blog) was accepted by Sugar Mule for their 41st issue. Yay! Please click to check out many great stories and poems about "women and place."
So, it's the Olympics. Unless you live in a cave (and maybe even then) you know this already. You've heard all about the Opening Ceremonies, NBC's commentators, their selective editing, and the tape delays. (SPOILER ALERT: you'll survive.) Don't worry I'm not going to talk about any of that.
All I want to do is share a few thoughts inspired by the Olympic spirit. This first one is mine.
• "Pressure makes us"
Rewind to about a year ago, and the US women's national soccer team and I were in roughly the same place we are today. Them: On the verge of winning gold in a major international competition. Me: Awed and inspired.
It's uncanny how much of what I wrote back then applies again now — including the dramatic late-in-the-game goals…
The US's mind-blowing comeback win not only revved me up for the rest of the night, it also reminded me that pressure can be a good thing. Sure, sometimes it's intimidating, and sometimes it can get overwhelming. But sometimes it pushes us to work harder than ever before. Sometimes it brings out our best. Sometimes it makes us who we are.
• "Lessons from Olympians" by T.S. Bazelli
Comparisons between Olympians and writers are inevitable, and not only does Tessa cover the similarities well, but she also brings up a couple new points that I think are invaluable for us to keep in mind.
In gymnastics and diving, the degree of difficulty is sometimes the determining factor in winning. When it comes to writing, are you taking risks and trying things that make you uncomfortable?
• "The Power and Glory of Sportswriting" by Nicholas Dawidoff
I've often thought that I would love to be a sportswriter or athlete profiler. These two quotes, combined with my deep appreciation of "the game," might help to explain why.
When writing about sports, you have to learn to navigate an odd literary predicament: Your audience often already knows the outcome before it starts reading. An editor at Sports Illustrated once advised me that the art of the work rested in telling people who already know what happened a story so compelling that they forget everything and, at the end, wish they'd been there.
Where too much recent American literature is less concerned with any search for meaning than the preening desire to be admired, really good sportswriting is grounded in curiosity and revelation, an enthusiast's notes. And while few authors can compete with the reality, a writer can deepen it, preserve what happened and then mine it for the deeper human qualities at play that are the essence of lasting writing.
• "Going for Gold" by Shari Cylinder
On that note, here's a great summary of what the Olympics — and all sports, really — mean to me.
It's not about winning gold, silver, or bronze. It's not about getting the highest score. It's about the diligence, dedication, and devotion the athletes put in for so many years. It's about the way they motivate us to do the same — whether we're swimming the backstroke, writing a book, studying our way through med school, choreographing dances to the music in our hearts, anything. No matter what, these people inspire us to push our limits. To dream further. To dream more. It's about teamwork between people — like the golden women's gymnastics team and the rockstar volleyball duo of Kerri Walsh Jennings and Misty May-Treanor — and about teamwork between nations. It's about sportsmanship, unity, and love.
T. S. Bazelli says:
Congrats on the publication and thanks for the signal boost! I really love that last quote. I think it sums up just why I love watching the Olympics.
Congratulations on being published! That is awesome! :)
Also: YAY for the Olympics! I'm going to be seriously disappointed when they're over on Sunday. They've been such fun to watch. Thanks for including a link to my post about it!
Oh … did you hear that the Spice Girls are supposed to perform two songs at the closing ceremonies? So excited!
Anthony Lee Collins says:
Congratulations on being published! That's great.
I've been avoiding the Olympics, but then yesterday I was in a doctor's waiting room and the equestrian events happened to be on, so I watched it happily. There were more people waiting than there were chairs, so I got to see quite a bit. It was certainly more fun than the last time I had a long wait at a doctor's office, which was the day of Michael Jackson's funeral.
Natalia Sylvester says:
Congrats on getting published, Kristan!
I agree that the Olympics is great inspiration for writing (I wrote about this on my blog, too!). I especially love the quote on the level of difficulty yielding more results. The second we stop challenging ourselves, we've lost, no matter what the endeavor.
Juliann says:
Congratulations on being published! I loved your writings about the Galapagos, so am not surprised that they did, too.
The Olympics! The Olympics! My thoughts on the Olympics can be summed up with exclamation points. No words necessary.
Sonje says:
I haven't watched ANY of the Olympics at all this time around. I have to say that I much prefer the winter Olympics. First of all, it's winter, so I'm in stay-inside-and-watch-TV mode. And then, I don't know, I like the skiing and skating and (of course) the curling. I've followed a couple of storylines–like Usain Bolt's repeat wins of the 100m and 200m–but I have not been compelled to watch any of it.
Kristan says:
Thanks, everyone!
LOL Juliann.
Sonje, I have to admit that surprises me. I would have thought you'd be all over women's soccer and beach volleyball, and then maybe a random sport like water polo or indoor cycling. :P


← Mayor to man. Man to Mayor.
Freedom of Information. Another victory over Wirral Council's legal "team".
This response is another calculated exercise in minimisation and a muddying of the water, couched in the blandest and most tedious of legal terms, but don't be deceived.
Here's a handy photo of some "team" members from the Wirral Leader's blog.
Over the last two years, in response to probing, but otherwise innocuous freedom of information requests, the "team" has combined the awesome power of their collective legal minds, and has clubbed together to issue a total of three rebuttals, in which they've claimed that my requests are 'vexatious' – a term which is not defined in law (at least not yet) but is now serving, nationwide, as a kind of 'catch all' means of refusing people information to which they should otherwise be very much entitled.
They've also claimed within this 3rd refusal that I'd accused them of lying, which frankly is perverse. The impartial onlooker would spot immediately that it was their competence, always under question, that was at the heart of this.
The almost hairtrigger resort to 'vexatious' or Section 14 has been booming of late, not just here on Wirral, but nationally, and is now making a mockery of three crucial words within the title of the relevant legislation – The Freedom of Information Act 2000.
The only persons left denying this state of affairs are various lawyers, data / information professionals, certain journalists, volunteer geeks, etc. all making a killing or building a career from the goose that continues to lay golden eggs in the form of salaries, opportunities, training days, or reams of scandalising copy churned out by the respective media titles, publicly or privately owned.
These are the same old names, those who've long become accustomed to laying prostrate, keeping shtum, or bending to the will of their respective owners and manipulators within the UK legal establishment… as long as the terms are good and the rewards keep them in holidays in the south of France.
If the cash or inducements ever disappeared, so too would they.
I believe since Judge Wikeley of the Upper Tribunal had the Information Commissioner jumping through 'vexatious' hoops and hotfooting it back to leafy Cheshire to rewrite his own guidance around Section 14 requests, there have been 100s of councils, NHS trusts, Police Authorities, etc. etc. only too keen to block access using the Wikeley / Dransfield decision (long under appeal) as a court authority.
I'm not certain on the legality of this action. Some tell me it's highly dubious – but many of these decisions have been backed up and supported by the 'impartial regulator', that stalwart protector of the free and fair flow of information, the ICO.
On a public interest score, I thought I could do something a little different, and as we, the public, had all been given some brighter, fresher guidance to ponder, I set about using it to everyone's advantage.
Like a manic game of Whack-A-Mole, here was a club to beat Wirral Council with repeatedly, as they made bone-headed, opportunistic lunges towards the 'vexatious' rebuttal.
And I've now scored a hat-trick.
Three times, as they faced demands for openness and transparency about their questionable activities – three times, they lunged for Section 14.
And three times, I've whacked the Wirral Council mole over the head and sent their hideously deluded collection of lawyers, misfits, deniers and data geeks scurrying back into the town hall to lick their wounds.
This entry was posted in General and tagged Compromise Agreement, Dransfield, ICO, Information Commissioner, Judge Wikeley, Paul Cardin, settlement agreement, Surjit Tour, Vexatious request. Bookmark the permalink.
Well done. Apparently you are allowed to call councils liars anyway under freedom of speech rules.
Does that mean they will not answer the request in any way truthful or otherwise!


text:
Q: What is the name of the HTML functionality that passes automatic arguments to javascript functions? In this HTML the object event is being passed to the function and is being used in the target javascript function  :

<!DOCTYPE html>

Click on a paragraph. An alert box will alert the element that triggered the event.

Note: The target property returns the element that triggered the event, and not necessarily the eventlistener's element.

Source
Now should the name of the passed argument event be changed in the HTML, for instance into , the script wouldn't work anymore, proving that the HTML has a list of default objects ready to be fed into the javascript function calls. Do we know about the list of those defaultly named objects and how they are described in the documentation ?

A: You can use event and this. According to MDN

When the event handler is specified as an HTML attribute, the specified code is wrapped into a function with the following parameters:

*

*event — for all event handlers except onerror.

*event, source, lineno, colno, and error for the onerror event handler. Note that the event parameter actually contains the error message as a string.

  When the event handler is invoked, the this keyword inside the handler is set to the DOM element on which the handler is registered. For more details, see the this keyword documentation.

A: Don't use the onClick attribute. The recommended way of handling events in by doing it all in JS. You can do this by adding an event listener to the object. enter link description here
Here's an example:

document.querySelector("#myId").addEventListener("click", function(event) {
  console.info(event.target.nodeName);
});
<button id="myId">Click me!</button>