text:
Closed-Chamber Anterior Capsulorhexis Under Air Tamponade In White Cataract
Authors Alsmman AH, Mounir A, Sayed KM, Mostafa EM
Accepted for publication 1 October 2019
Published 18 October 2019 Volume 2019:13 Pages 2053—2057
Supplementary video of ID 229440.
Alahmady H Alsmman, Amr Mounir, Khulood M Sayed, Engy M Mostafa
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
Correspondence: Amr Mounir
Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
Email dramrmonir@yahoo.com
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a closed-chamber air bubble capsulotomy technique to prevent the Argentinean flag sign (AFS) in patients with white and intumescent cataracts.
Setting: Sohag University, Faculty of Medicine, Ophthalmology Department, Sohag, Egypt.
Design: Prospective interventional noncomparative case series.
Methods: Eighty-two eyes of 80 patients with white and intumescent cataracts were included. Eyes with any ocular pathology other than cataract or eyes subjected to previous intraocular surgery were excluded. Needle capsulorhexis was performed under a large air bubble tamponade without capsular staining. Efficacy of the technique was assessed intraoperatively by successful completion of capsulorhexis. Safety of the technique was assessed by the occurrence of intraoperative or postoperative complications.
Results: Complete capsulorhexis by the closed-chamber air bubble technique was successful in 75 eyes (91.5%), while capsulorhexis extension occurred in seven eyes. In four eyes with extension, the procedure was shifted to the standard technique of CCC (circular curvilinear capsulorhexis), using a viscoelastic device. A shift to extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgery occurred in the remaining three eyes, as the extension was so far-gone. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.
Conclusion: The closed anterior chamber air bubble technique for capsulorhexis is a novel, safe, and effective technique to prevent AFS in white and intumescent cataracts. It is also time-saving and cost-effective, with less likelihood of capsulorhexis extension. The technique is considered a valuable addition to previously described techniques.
Keywords: air tamponade, white cataract, intumescent cataract, phacoemulsification, capsulorhexis
Achieving an intact capsulorhexis is a key step in successful and safe phacoemulsification. White and intumescent cataracts are challenging cases for almost all surgeons, because of the high risk of radial extension of the capsulorhexis.1,2 In such eyes, during creation of the capsulorhexis, the pressure created by hyper-hydration of the lens fibers can cause spontaneous tears that extend to the periphery. This is referred to as the Argentinean flag sign (AFS). Once this occurs, the cataract surgery may become extremely difficult, owing to poor construction of the capsulorhexis and possible rupture of the posterior capsule.3
Several techniques have been described for more predictable, safer capsulorhexis creation, including two-stage capsulorhexis, the use of trypan blue dye, aspiration of the lens cortex using a 30-gauge needle, enhancement of anterior capsular visualization using an endoilluminator, creation of the capsulorhexis using micro-capsulorhexis forceps through a single side-port incision of 0.8 mm under a high-density viscoelastic, and femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy.4–9
In spite of the use of various methods, capsulorhexis extension may occur. Here, we evaluate a novel technique of needle capsulorhexis under a large air bubble tamponade in a mature cataract without staining.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intraoperative difficulties, efficacy, and safety of using a large air bubble tamponade to perform circular curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) while preserving the anterior chamber (AC) and maintaining capsular flap visualization. We also aimed to add a new technique to the list of established techniques for the prevention of AFS and offer alternative options for cataract surgeons.
This prospective study was conducted on 82 eyes of 80 consecutive patients with mature, intumescent, white cataracts, who attended outpatient clinics of the Ophthalmology Department, Sohag University from September 2017 to August 2018.
The study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional review board approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of Sohag Faculty of Medicine. All patients with mature, intumescent, or white cataracts were included in the study.
Eyes with immature cataracts, subluxated lenses, glaucoma, uveitis, previous intraocular surgery, preoperative high intraocular pressure, a calcified anterior capsule, or history of trauma were excluded. The following data were collected: age, gender, intraoperative or postoperative complications.
Preoperative Preparation
Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, after which a full ophthalmological examination was performed preoperatively. Acetazolamide 500 mg was administered orally on the morning of the operation. Cyclopentolate 1%, tropicamide 1%, and phenylephrine 10%, were administered for mydriasis, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops were administered to maintain pupillary dilatation and avoid intraoperative miosis. These eye drops were administered 1 hr before surgery.
Benoxinate hydrochloride was used as topical anesthesia. All eyes were operated on, under the effect of retrobulbar anesthesia. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon (AHS).
A bent cystotome with a 70° angle was made by a 26-gauge needle. The closed globe was stabilized by toothed forceps. A 26-gauge cystotome was introduced at a 10 o'clock position by direct entry of the tip through the clear corneal periphery, without making the usual side-port incision. Aqueous aspiration was performed with caution to avoid anterior capsule injury, after which the cystotome was removed from the AC. After evacuation of some of the aqueous humor and air filling through the same puncture, the cystotome was reintroduced to the AC. The AC was then enlarged by the injection of a large air bubble through the bent cystotome, which facilitated flattening of the anterior capsule (Figure 1A).
Fine movements of the globe in different directions were performed to reach the reflection rings of a light microscope at different tissue levels. Fine movements are usually needed to maintain visualization of the running edge of the flap of the capsulorhexis (Figure 1B). A punching incision was performed in the central area of the anterior capsule under the effect of air tamponade, and a flap was thereby created. The edge of this flap was flipped and reflected upon the underlying capsule (Figure 1C).
The reflected flap was manipulated by the cystotome tip near the torn edge. The edge was rotated (Figure 1D) with repeated repositioning of the cystotome to be adjacent to the tear until continuous curvilinear anterior capsulorhexis was achieved. Visualization of the anterior capsule was achieved by light reflection at the torn edge of the capsule (Figure 1E, F). Light reflections were generated at different tissue levels under the large air bubble.
Figure 1B shows reflection rings; one at the peripheral iris plane, one at the aqueous meniscus, one at the edge of the pupil, and another at the plane of the capsulorhexis.
Figure 1 (A) Starting capsulorhexis; (B) multiple light reflection rings at different tissue levels (arrow shows the capsulorhexis edge); (C) progression of capsulorhexis guided by light reflection at the torn capsular edge (arrow shows the capsulorhexis edge); (D) closing of capsulorhexis (arrow shows the capsulorhexis margin to the end of the circle); (E) arrows showing the completed circular capsulorhexis; and (F) arrows showing the complete capsulorhexis against a red reflection after phacoemulsification.
The supplementary video clearly reveals multiple light reflection rings with obscuration, and the appearance of these reflection rings during fine movements of the globe.
A total of 82 eyes of 80 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 43 eyes of males and 37 eyes of females. Thirty-eight were right eyes. The mean age of patients was 62.30 ± 8.23 years (range 43–86 years). Capsulorhexis was completed in 75 eyes (91.5%), while capsulorhexis extension occurred in seven eyes (8.5%). In four eyes with extended rhexis, a shift was made to the usual technique of CCC using a viscoelastic device. In the remaining three eyes with extension, a shift to extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgery was made as the extension was so far-gone. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported.
Anterior capsulorhexis in white cataracts remains a challenge, with the risk of rhexis extension. Different techniques have been described by surgeons to successfully complete the capsulorhexis and prevent AFS in white and intumescent cataracts. Each technique has its drawbacks and may not be suitable for all surgeons. The use of viscoelastics,10 or a cannula attached to the infusion bottle raised high enough to give adequate depth to the AC is a common surgical practice.11
Leakage may occur from the side-port with the use of viscoelastics. In addition, reinjection may be necessary as the AC becomes more shallow and peripheral movement of the flap becomes more likely. Such use of viscoelastics can also cause the flap edge to become wavy, thereby necessitating continuous bending of the capsule. On the other hand, Oksuz et al.12 reported aspiration of the liquefied cortical material with a cannula while maintaining a formed anterior chamber by irrigating fluids, which is time-consuming. When a 27- or 30-gauge needle is used to remove the liquefied cortex, it is possible that an insufficient volume may be removed; thus, a spontaneous capsular tear may still occur.
Here, we described a closed-chamber air bubble technique without capsular staining, as an addition to previously described capsulorhexis saving techniques. The technique described in the present study offers an alternative option for ophthalmologists, depending on the available facilities and level of experience. The success rate of this technique in achieving complete capsulorhexis was (91.5%). The seven eyes with capsulorhexis extension were cases in which the technique was implemented at an early stage.
The main advantage of the large air bubble is the tamponade effect, which counteracts the high intralenticular pressure in the white cataractous lens; it also prevents the leakage of the liquefied lens material to the AC during anterior capsulorhexis.
The maintenance of a closed AC prevents the drawbacks of sudden decompression of the lens, which may lead to rhexis extension and unsuccessful phacoemulsification. In this study, sudden decompression of the AC did not occur because the it remained firmly closed through the use of a needle. Even if air escaped, it would have been a very small amount that could have been managed by reinjection of air with the same syringe, which would have been already filled with air, without exiting the AC.
In addition, our technique offers crucial advantages of no additional cost. No special device is used, neither are any instruments required, except those already used in conventional phacoemulsification surgery. Moreover, the technique is not overly time-consuming, as the steps of capsular staining, injection and reinjection of viscoelastic material, and the aspiration of liquefied cortical material are not performed. We did not use capsular staining, as visualization was enhanced by optical reflection at the torn edge of the anterior capsule.
The closed-AC air bubble technique for capsulorhexis is a novel, safe, and effective technique in the treatment of white and intumescent cataracts. It is also time-saving and cost-effective, with a reduced risk of capsulorhexis extension. It is considered a valuable addition to previously described techniques.
All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the National Research Committee, the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments, or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients after explanation of the treatment plan.
1. Jacob S, Agarwal A, Agarwal A, et al. Trypan blue as an adjunct for safe phacoemulsification in eyes with white cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1819–1825. doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(01)01316-5
2. Chakrabarti A, Singh S. Phacoemulsification in eyes with white cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1041–1047. doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(00)00525-3
3. Christopher C. Phaco capsulotomy: a technique to prevent the argentinean flag sign. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017;11:1937–1940. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S138676
4. Melles GR, de Waard PW, Pameyer JH, Houdijn Beekhuis W. Trypan blue capsule staining to visualize the capsulorhexis in cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25:7–9. doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(99)80004-2
5. Mansour AM. Anterior capsulorhexis in hypermature cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1993;19:116–117. doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(13)80299-4
6. Figueiredo CG, Figueiredo J, Figueiredo GB. Brazilian technique for prevention of the argentinean flag sign in white cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:1531–1536. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.07.002
7. Rao SK, Padmanabhan P. Capsulorhexis in white cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:477–478. doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(00)00354-0
8. Robinson MS, Olson RJ. Simple approach to prevent capsule tear-out during capsulorhexis creation in hypermature cataracts. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:1353–1355. doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.06.002
9. Titiyal JS, Kaur M, Singh A, Arora T, Sharma N. Comparative evaluation of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification in white cataract. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:1357–1364. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S108243
10. Polat A. Needle capsulorhexis: the importance of using an anterior chamber maintainer. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:1248–1249. doi:10.1016/s0886-3350(03)00475-9
11. Sethi HS, Dada T, Rai HK, Sethi P. Closed chamber globe stabilization and needle capsulorhexis using irrigation hand piece of bimanual irrigation and aspiration system. BMC Ophthalmol. 2005;5:21. doi:10.1186/1471-2415-5-21
12. Oksuz H, Daglioglu MC, Coskun M, et al. Vacuum-assisted continuous circular capsulorhexis using bimanual irrigation and aspiration system of phaco machine in immature cataract. J Ophthalmol. 2013;2013:921646. doi:10.1155/2013/670242


Less than a year ago, we launched the urgent appeal to purchase critical habitat in Colombia, home to five endangered parrot species at imminent risk of extinction. Recognizing the critical importance of this appeal, Frank Friedrich Kling from Illinois committed half the acquisition cost and many Rainforest Trust donors stepped up to match Frank's generous offer including Urs-Peter Stäuble from Switzerland. The support enabled our Colombian partner to immediately act to buy and save over 10,000 acres in 2009.
With such a strong commitment to saving the Yellow-eared Parrot and many other endangered wildlife, Rainforest Trust Director of Conservation Director Dr. Paul Salaman organized a short tour for Frank Kling, Urs-Peter Stäuble, Harry Rogge, and Antonio Martinez in March 2010.
The tour paid a visit to 10,000 acres that had been acquired and named the "Reserva Natural Loros Andinos" or Andean Parrots Nature Reserve and were immediately impressed by the spectacular landscape with sweeping views of cloud forests and natural grasslands called páramos.
Dr. Salaman's group was received by a friendly, newly-trained forest guard from the local community–part of the initiative by our partner in the field, ProAves Colombia, which has established a superb Guard Station headquarters. Newly marked trails demark boundaries of the reserve and provided excellent opportunities for viewing the beautiful and endangered Yellow-eared Parrot.
A highlight of the trip was watching dozens of pairs of Yellow-eared Parrots affectionately bonding–approachable to within 20 feet as they peered out of nest cavity holes or sat in nearby branches. The incredibly affectionate pairs were constantly kissing, copulating, and preening like lovers.
This new protected area is a magnificent testament to conservation. It stretches across the mighty crest of the Central Cordillera with 14,000-feet peaks, three wide glaciated valleys, and half a dozen large lakes.
On their early morning flight departure from the city of Cali, the group flew directly over the reserve, affording a stunning panoramic view of the entire area under protection. Needless to say, these supporters were pleased with the results of their actions, and all look forward to returning to the reserve in the near future.
Learn more about the endangered parrots of this one-of-a-kind nature reserve. Then donate to help support their permanent protection.


text:
Home Cygnus
Time to say goodbye.
S. R. Algernon
S. R. Algernon studied fiction writing and biology, among other things, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He currently lives in Singapore.
Illustration by Jacey
Scheduled departure in four hours, said the computer in the wall, breaking the silence.
Dorothy set the translucent plastic box down on her bed and watched it, as if watching would make the inside bigger. Surely, Mission Control could have managed more. A thousand cubic centi-metres was too little space for a life. Her quarters on the Titan habitat at least had enough room for her clarinet and her hardcover edition of Audubon's Birds of America.
The box at that moment contained two pairs of earrings, a necklace and a plastic trinket that generated a hologram of the Valles Marineris canyons when you pushed a button on the top. The hologram projector took up too much space, but it was a family heirloom like the rest. Her father had given it to her at the spaceport before heading to Mars.
Dorothy glanced again at Titan through the window. If 16 Cygni Bb is as hostile as the recruitment blurb says, I'll be spending most of my time watching the world through screens and windows, watching it freeze and burn.
Read more science fiction from Nature Futures
Dorothy felt like a prop master on a movie set. Somewhere in this prefab habitat room was the perfect prop, something that would open that window and bring the planet to life for her — and maybe for the Cygnans who followed her — but what was it? Was it a pair of slippers to whisk them back home? Was it a shattered snow globe to unleash a storm of loss and regret? Was it a falcon, shiny and treasured but ultimately meaningless?
She wished she had room for the weather vane on Great-Grandpa's old farmhouse. It was cast iron; it would survive the Cygnan summer, even if it glowed a little or disappeared within a blizzard from time to time.
Mission Control said that we had to give up on Earth's gods, and that they could not protect us, but something is guiding me, even if I can't put a name on it.
"Computer," said Dorothy. "Place a call to Great-Grandpa. Try the landline."
The farmhouse was a billion miles away, but she knew Great-Grandpa would be there. Where else would he be?
"It's me. Dot," she said, over the faint undercurrent of line noise. "I know this message will take an hour to reach you, and then an hour to get back, so I'm just going to talk. I'm not coming back this time, and I might be going far enough away that we won't be able to talk anymore. I know this is sudden, but sometimes life doesn't give you easy choices. I just wanted to thank you, and to hear you one more time."
Dorothy tried to pack, but nothing seemed quite good enough. After two and a half hours, the box was no closer to being full.
Two hours and thirty six minutes later, the sound of wind chimes and creaking wood broke the silence.
"I always knew you'd be the one who wouldn't come back. You're too much like your father. I've never been one for talking much, and not quite so many people to talk to around here. I'll leave the line open as long as you need."
A gust of wind gathered momentum in the background.
"Looks like we're in for a storm," added Great-Grandpa.
For two hours, Dorothy listened to the chimes and the porch swing, to the rain on the roof and the melody of a Western meadow-lark. Every so often, Great-Grandpa would interrupt the natural rhythm with "Did I ever tell you about the time when …"
Scheduled departure in one hour.
Discover the inspiration behind this story in S R Algernon's blog post
Dorothy wished she had more to say. Did Great-Grandpa ever want to listen to her stories? It had always been the other way around. Still, she talked about whatever came to mind, about spaceports, exoplanets and all the plans that had fallen through. Her packing took on an urgency now. She downloaded movies — home movies and Hollywood classics — to a removable drive. The rest of the clutter no longer mattered. Mission Control would sell it off or station security would haul it away.
Scheduled departure imminent. Proceed to security checkpoint.
Already?
"I know, Computer. Hush."
Wait. Not just yet. One last thing.
"Great-Grandpa," said Dorothy. "I know you're still listening, so I just want to ask you, are you happy for me? Are you happy for all of us? Should we have stayed? Did we go in the direction you wanted?"
Dorothy knew she would not live long enough to really answer that question for herself, but she wanted to hear his answer, in his voice.
"I'm sending the coordinates for 16 Cygnus B, Great-Grandpa. If you can find a way to transmit in that direction, keep talking. I'll listen through the ship's comm system as long as I can, until the Doppler shift takes the signal out of range."
At the last moment before leaving her quarters, Dorothy downloaded the recording, took out the drive and put it in the box.
I know what this box is, thought Dorothy. It's a piano in a gin joint, somewhere in the desert, off the stage for a while but not forgotten, and waiting for the next set of hands to bring its old sounds back to life. With resignation, nostalgia and traces of hope, she closed the lid, took one last look around, and stepped through the door.
Nature 560, 276 (2018)
e-PLURIBUS by S R Algernon
The palimpsest planet by S R Algernon
In Cygnus and in Hell — by S R Algernon
Legacy admissions — by S R Algernon
Genius loci — by S R Algernon
One slow step for man — by S R Algernon
In a new light — by S R Algernon
Asymmetrical warfare — by S R Algernon
The chains of plenty — by S R Algernon
Cargo cult — by S R Algernon
A pocket full of phlogiston — by S R Algernon
Planetary defences — by S R Algernon
A time for peace — by S R Algernon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Job Description: Responsible for updating and maintaining the quality portion of the Material Master within PRISM. Position requires interaction with Production Control, Material Quality, Program Quality, and various other functions in three time zones. The Material Master portion of this position includes QNote application (including additions, changes, and deletions), inspection lot/criteria issues, firm understanding of the capabilities within PRISM and ability to pull related reports. The ability to understand and modify Incoming Inspection criteria based on program requirements will necessary.


Redes em Ciência da Informa o: evidências comportamentais dos pesquisadores e tendências evolutivas das redes de coautoria Redes en la Ciencia de la Información: evidencias comportamentales de los investigadores y tendencias evolutivas de las redes de coautoría.
Redes sociais e o marketing de inova es.
Keywords: social network analysis, scientific co-authorship, scientific knowledge production, geosciences.
iin this article it was studied the scientific collaboration networks formed from a group of researchers linked to the programa de pós-gradua??o em geociências da universidade federal do rio grande do sul (ppggeo/ufrgs), based on a theoretical-methodological approach known as social network analysis (sna), considering some concepts from pierre bourdieu's theory of practice, and focusing on the identification, characterization and the structural evolution of scientific co-authorship networks. three networks were built based on data from the capes' cadernos de indicadores related to the intervals 1998-2000, 2001-2003 and 2004-2006. the results characterized the structure of the networks, comparing them, focusing on their connectivity and centrality, taking into consideration the research lines, projects and groups of actors. the networks of 1998-2000, 2001-2003 and 2004-2006 had, respectively, 524 actors and 11.296 links; 576 actors and 14.674 links; 741 actors and 14.188 links. it was found that the central/dominant group of actors in the networks is formed mainly by teachers and, in general, this group tends to remain in the central/dominant positions over the years; it was also found that there are partnerships recurrences in the scientific knowledge production in the three networks, culminating in a social reproduction of the co-authorship network structure.


text:
Home / How We Love: Notes on a Life
How We Love: Notes on a Life
NZ$32.99 NZ$29.70
by Clementine Ford
Clementine Ford is a person who has loved deeply, strangely and with curiosity. She is fascinated by love and how it makes its home in our hearts and believes that the way we continue to surrender ourselves to love is an act of great faith and bravery.
This tender and lyrical memoir explores love in its many forms, through Clementine's own experiences. With clear eyes and an open heart, she writes about losing her adored mother far too young, about the pain and confusion of first love - both platonic and romantic - and the joy and heartache of adult love. She writes movingly about the transcendent and transformative journey to motherhood and the similarly monumental path to self-love. 'We love as children, as friends, as parents and, yes, sometimes as sexual beings, and none of it is more important than the other because all of it shows us who we are.'
How We Love is heartfelt, funny, confessional, revelatory, compassionate - and essential reading. It shows us to ourselves in moments of unwavering truth and undeniable joy.
Published: Nov 21


text:
Plastic Whale is the first plastic fishing company in the world. Based in the Netherlands, the community-oriented organization is designed to rid nature of the plastic invasion. After a period of time spent traveling made Marius Smit acutely aware of the global 'plastic soup' problem. So he set out to start Plastic Whale by himself without any business model or plan. Only with a few strong convictions, he wanted to fish for ocean-bound plastic.
"I believed," says Smit, "there were many people with the desire to contribute to making a change in our beautiful world but they didn't have a way to do it. People want to see progress and solutions, not just talk about the issues."
He also saw it necessary to take action against the growing problem of plastic in the water. It's a serious issue and would become a lot more concerning in the future.
How to set the idea in motion
Marius Smit came up with the idea to replicate what US President John F. Kennedy did in 1961. He put forward something that at that time was considered impossible. Kennedy's challenge to put a man on the moon lit the fire in the space race against Russia. The challenge created a movement that would unite all those who wanted to make the impossible possible.
Smit decided to start tackling it head-on, starting from his own back garden in Amsterdam. So he thought that if he created his own "man on the moon" it could start a movement of citizens that would gradually include governments and institutions. And this idea would guide them to work together towards a solution of fishing for ocean-bound plastic.
Soon he was contacted by all sorts of people wanting to help.
Interestingly they were all specialists within their own fields. He began speaking with recycling companies, boat designers, accountants, boat builders, lawyers, and PR companies. The willingness to help him for free is how Plastic Whale started.
The first ocean bound plastic fishing boat
So in January 2011, Smit began to assemble the first 'plastic whale.' The fishing boat is made from recycled plastic. The goal with the electric powered boat was to take it through the canals of Amsterdam scooping up the ocean bound plastic soup using fishing style nets.
Finally, eight months later, the electric boat, powered by Combi Electric Outboards, was ready to set sail on its first plastic clearing voyage. For the first endeavor, they relied on a team of volunteers. So they arranged some other boats, everyone brought friends, food, and drinks to go plastic fishing in the canals of Amsterdam. Named "the old-fashioned plastic fishing" gave it the feeling of being familiar in Amsterdam.
Check out these articles to learn more about electric boats and electric outboards.
Marius Smit hoped, if 50 people turned up on ten boats, it would be a success. But actually, 450 people on 33 boats showed up for the first year. And the second year they had 1,200 people on 72 boats. It became a hit and companies approached them for plastic fishing as corporate events.
NOT JUST PLASTIC FISHING, BUT SIGHTS TOO
The two-hour excursions, during which everyone actively picks ocean-bound plastic from the water with a net, they go into some of the most beautiful spots of the city. Seeing the city center from the water, away from the overcrowded areas, and doing your part to clean up plastic waste is a great way to spend part of a day.
Plastic Whale collects the plastic from the Amsterdam Canals and the Rotterdam Harbor. With the help of thousands of people and hundreds of companies each year they are able to do more and more. A lot of plastic is removed from the canals, but they keep the PET bottles separate to use those bottles as material to make more boats. The fleet has grown to thirteen boats.
It takes 8,000 bottles to make one boat," Marius Smit says. "Some boats have bottle caps as mosaics on the deck. And wherever you look, you are made aware of litter, plastic, and recycling." Collecting the ocean-bound plastic is much easier in the calm waters of the canals than out in the open ocean.
Plastic Whale, Old Fashioned Plastic Fishing in the Netherlands
"We can't fish enough. Over-fishing is what we're about," says Captain Jack Zuidema, one of Plastic Whale's eco-sailors. In our case, it's a positive phenomenon. Our aim is to go out of business. We exist to solve a problem, to clear the litter from the city's famous canals. And if we needed further incentive, the day before one of our eco-friendly excursions, a dead pregnant sperm whale was washed up on the coast of Sardinia with 22 kilograms of plastic in its stomach."
EDUCATION AND FURNITURE
Plastic Whale fishes for plastic that is used to create the boats and now furniture too. Next to collecting and creating, Smit values teaching while doing all this. He shows that plastic and other garbage don't belong in nature. Also that ocean bound plastic is valuable because it can be used as raw material for other products.
"A year ago", Smit recounts, "we were having lunch at our table and realized that the table was too small for all of us given the huge growth of our team. At that moment, someone from the team pointed out that we could have built a table from the same plastic we use for our boats.
"I loved the idea and I started thinking about all the companies that wanted to do something for the issue of plastic and to promote a circular economy."
His new idea was, why don't we make high-end office furniture made of ocean-bound plastic from Amsterdam's canals? Plastic Whale Circular Furniture is now created following the full principles of circular production and design.
Nothing goes to waste. And at the end of its life cycle, they even pay to take the product back because it is used as a raw material in new products. Design inspiration is the oceans' most impressive citizen, the whale.
"We make whale-fin chairs and barnacle lamps made from pressed PET as well as acoustic paneling with pleat design motifs like a whale's throat. Our boardroom tables are inspired by a surfacing whale. Complete with a blowhole," captain Jack concludes.
EVERYONE CAN GET INVOLVED IN SOME WAY
To go on a Plastic Whale fishing trip, tourists pay $30 per person. Smit's enterprise has four main sources of income: company sponsorships, company plastic fishing events, exploitation of the boats (tourists and private boat rentals), and giving a lot of presentations about the way we created a fast-growing social enterprise from scratch. And they are proud to not dependent on any subsidies.
People can help out by making sure they buy as little plastic as possible and recycling as much plastic as possible. If you see plastic in the street or in nature, pick it up! And, you could book a trip on Airbnb to go on one of the Plastic Whales.
Written by Jay Weaver, published 11/19/2020
Today with the increase in cities and urban growth, there are fewer places for rainwater to soak into the ground, Read more


Write straight down all the info you currently possess in your Family Tree Template. In case your family members continues to be home in the area exactly where you are you are able to examine your regional collection and town or city hall. In case you belong to children that utilized to be quite prominent within your community area, then probabilities are you will hit upon valuable metal in the collection and after that you're capable to use it to figure out additional information. Right now that you've collected all that, you are able to from family members and family users you have got to consider those following step inside your trip of making a family woods.
Enable say, you want to enhance your boy's or little ladies handwriting, this really is usually but obvious that you will possess to provide your kid lots of practice, while they state, practice makes best. When kids make use of their particular imagination and techniques, in order to make a few thing, they will experience a feeling of achievement, which usually supports increase their particular confidence and morale. They will are heading to experience like they will may become a component of an actual fairy story, encircled simply by plenty of love, fun, and great cheer. They will screen an mixture of behavioral adjustments thanks to the distressing results of the parents' divorce. If if you're likely to get your initial kid then you definitely are interested in getting the invite text to become somewhat unique.
You might even consider taking the youngster's college instructor in to self-confidence even though using the behavior graph intended for kids. In the beginning, the child may blame himself for the circumstance and may attempt to improve it just by acting his extremely best. The girl or he learns to consider responsibility for the actions.
Program to generate a kid perform exactly what is correct and keep up a great actions are via an incentive system. In an incredibly early age group, children are extremely honest and honest. Kids in addition to teenagers start facing stress long prior to a divorce.
A few children are early within their particular developmental patterns while others usually calls for slightly more time period. Today's kids are super-smart, and right now there is subject below sunshine, they will certainly aren't conscious of. The majority of the kids become modified to the truth and originate from the preliminary surprise and mental tension inside some instant. Children additionally to adults will certainly end up being happy with almost all the encounter. In addition, they might also post poetry which usually are also judged in the competition. Children who also need to live with the final outcomes of their particular own personal choices become independent and unafraid to earn decisions.
Researching your loved types tree isn't very as hard as you think. Ought to you need, you are able to examine a number of sample family members trees and shrubs on-line just before selecting the design which usually you like best. Recording your family members woods may use up lots of your time period and energy. Building your loved kinds tree is very effortless.
A family members shrub may be produced in many different patterns and constructions. Producing a family shrub may also be an innovative activity for the entire family members to perform together. It actually is a great method to preserve a record of your lineage. When you've decided that you have been likely to create a family forest, then you have to get prepared to function actually function hard to get this.
Therefore in purchase to find out to create your family members tree, the family forest worksheet is definitely an amazing starting stage for. A family sapling, aside from as getting an amazing solution to complete time and an superb project pertaining to children to create, is also an exceptional way to get the kids connected with the instant and prolonged family members.
You may make use of the Family Tree Template to locate a notion. It's not sufficient to comprehend different types of family members hardwood themes generally used in genealogic study. In the event that you might like for making one simply by yourself, in that case here can be an empty family people tree style template that you are able to download.
Once you have got collected most the info, you can easily generate a challenging Family Tree Template, make adjustments and complete this prior to making the final 1! If you want several details, here is a style template that you are able to experience. Today in the end of the problems of gathering information you feel exhausted. It can even more crucial to understand just how to your info you collected in the charts. Check also to make sure that you have added most the info that requirements to end up being present before beginning to decorate and style it. In case you truly desire to get accurate information and collect an extensive family forest, it's suggested to proceed with an internet page which usually will price you a very little quantity right now however the outcome you get may last through the lives of the sons' and daughters' children. It's more challenging to arrive across totally free info upon the internet.


John Kostecki is the brains behind the boat. As the tactician for Larry Ellison's 2013 America's Cup team, the 48-year-old world champion sailor is the guy who will be plotting the course when the team's 72-foot catamaran races this summer on San Francisco Bay.
I photographed Kostecki at Oracle Team USA's headquarters off lower Third Street in San Francisco. When Kostecki told me to meet him at the team "shed," I envisioned some shanty-like building sitting dockside along the water. Wrong. The "shed" is massive warehouse on Pier 80 whose size dwarfs the 44-foot hulls of the catamarans team used last summer for preliminary races.
As I usually do, I had little time to make a picture, and went with one light and a wide lens. I wanted to highlight Kostecki, of course, but also show the spaciousness of the shed.
Here's the interview by Stephanie Martin of Kostecki in Marin Magazine.
This entry was posted in On the Job and tagged America's Cup, John Kostecki, Marin Magazine, Oracle Team USA, Stephanie Martin.


text:
Ртутна батарея може відноситись до:

 Ртутно-цинкова батарея
 Ртутно-індієва батарея
 Ртутно-титанова батарея
 Цинк-двооксиссульфатно-ртутна суха батарея

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Well, Richard Dawkins is at it again. This time he's up in arms over an organization called Truth in Science over in the United Kingdom. Here's a letter to the editor that RD put in The Guardian.
An organisation calling itself Truth in Science has recently used its (evidently large) financial resources to distribute DVDs promoting "intelligent design" to all schools (Report, December 7). The leading scientist behind Truth in Science is Andrew McIntosh, professor of thermodynamics at Leeds University. He has repeatedly said the world is only 6,000 years old. Given that all the scientific evidence points to approximately 4.6bn years as the true age of Earth, the scale of his error is remarkable.
However, the claim that McIntosh's eccentric view of reality is unconnected with his teaching or research as a professor of thermodynamics would appear to be cast into some doubt by a conversation that I recently had with him on BBC Belfast's Sunday Sequence. McIntosh publicly stated that evolution is incompatible with the second law of thermodynamics.
I wonder how RD would react if Oxford had the nerve to issue such a disclaimer about him!
I would not be holding my breath for that one.
I know what you mean. How could someone as obviously intelligent and educated as Dawkins not see the blatantly obvious double standard here?


Search For "Housing" Companies in Perth, Australia - Click Here Now!
Welcome To Perth Tree Service. We Are Among The Leading Tree Removal Service Company In Australia. As A Reputable Australian Tree Removal Service Industry, We Are Providing Services Such As Tree Stump Grinding, Tree Stump Removal, Tree Cabling, Tree Pruning Service, Tree Removal Service, Tree Bracing Service And Other Services Related To Tree Removal From Last 30 Years.
Being A Certified TCIA And ISA, Our Industry Is Fully Insured To Offer You Services Related To Tree And Lawn Care And Hiring Our Professional Arborists Will Make Your Feel More Comfortable As They Are Trustworthy. Just Make A Call At 0862 451 277and Our Customer Care Executive Will Always Be There To Answer Any Of Your Queries Regarding Tree Removal Service.
Tree Service Perth in Perth is a company that specializes in Homes Special Care. Our records show it was established in Australia.


How to Uninstall Steam on Mac OS X?
Home »	Uninstall » How to Uninstall Steam on Mac OS X?
Issue: How to Uninstall Steam on Mac OS X?
I'm sooo angry! Can't get rid of Steam software on Mac OS. What miracles must be done to remove this program permanently????
Unfortunately, but you are not the one who has reported us about unsuccessful Steam removal on Mac OS X. However, you should not worry or be angry about that because removal is not that difficult as you may think at first. The main reason why people consider the removal of apps on Mac as a difficult task is their unawareness of what steps should be done and what files have to be removed. Therefore, we are going to explain you how to uninstall Steam on Mac OS X in a comprehensive manner.
First of all, let us clarify what kind of app Steam is and how does it function. As described on the official website, "Steam is a digital distribution, digital rights management, multiplayer and communications platform developed by Valve Corporation." Thus, if you are a devoted gamer, this app may catch your attention. We must admit that this platform is certainly not the one on the market. Nevertheless, it stands out of the others due to community features, in-game functionality, and automated game updating process. We describe this tool to highlight the fact that Steam removal is NOT necessary and there is no security or functionality related issues due to which the app should not be used. If, nevertheless, you don't want it on your Mac, you should uninstall Steam in order to keep the system optimized.
You can uninstall Steam manually or automatically. It goes without saying that uninstall process performed with the help of professional software is easier and more reliable. If you prefer this option, you can download MacCleanse or MacKeeper software. Both programs are free for download and reliable to use. In case you would like to try manual Steam removal, read this article till the end.
Navigate to Application folder and open it.
Find Steam app there and hold it for a while.
Be very careful and take your time because this process is the most difficult and attention consuming. Don't skip any files unseen because you may leave Steam-related files and fail to uninstall it properly. If you want to get rid of this application completely without putting the effort, install MacCleanse or MacKeeper. Launch the program and follow the instructions that it provides. Good luck!


text:
Parafia pw. Najświętszej Maryi Panny Częstochowskiej w Nowym Sączu-Zabełczu – parafia rzymskokatolicka znajdująca się w diecezji tarnowskiej w dekanacie Nowy Sącz Centrum. Erygowana w 1981. Mieści się przy ulicy Myśliwskiej. Obsługują ją księża diecezjalni.

Historia
W 1901 r. Ojcowie Jezuici nabyli od dr Gustawa Romera folwark wraz z dworkiem w Zabełczu. W dworku urządzili kaplicę dla swych kleryków studiujących filozofię w Nowym Sączu. W kaplicy umieszczono ołtarz przeniesiony z kaplicy domowej kolegium z Nowego Sącza.

27.06.1902 roku została po raz pierwszy odprawiona Msza św. w kaplicy w Zabełczu. Początkowo uczestniczyli we Mszy św. klerycy. Stopniowo zaczęli uczęszczać na Msze św. pracownicy gospodarstwa i inni mieszkańcy Zabełcza. Księża i klerycy rozpoczęli także katechizowanie dzieci.

25.03.1950 r. władze PRL przejęły majątek Ojców Jezuitów, pozostawiły kaplicę i małe mieszkanie dla ks. kapelana tej kaplicy.

W 1967 r. kapelanem kaplicy został ks. Henryk Sokołowski. Praca duszpasterska wyglądała podobnie jak w parafiach, choć Zabełcze administracyjnie należało do parafii Wielogłowy.

W 1973 r. ks. prowincjał Stanisław Nawrocki - tutejszy rodak, ofiarował do kaplicy ołtarz Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej z kaplicy rzemieślniczej w Krakowie.
Od tej pory w ołtarzu był obraz Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej z XIX wieku.

25.06.1974 r. ks. bp ordynariusz dr Jerzy Ablewicz erygował rektorat przy kaplicy w Zabełczu, równocześnie mianował ks. Henryka Sokołowskiego wikariuszem eksponowanym i rektorem Kaplicy w Zabełczu, parafii Wielogłowy. Nowy Rektorat obejmował troską duszpasterską wiernych mieszkających na terenie Zabełcza. Choć Rektorat obejmował tylko Zabełcze, to jednak do kaplicy przychodzili też mieszkańcy Wielopola.

Mała kaplica nie mogła pomieścić wszystkich wiernych, stąd czyniono starania o zezwolenie na budowę kościoła. Władze nie chciały się jednak na to zgodzić. Księdzu rektorowi w katechizacji i duszpasterstwie pomagali ojcowie Jezuici z par. św. Ducha w Nowym Sączu.

W 1975 roku Zabełcze zostało administracyjnie włączone do Nowego Sącza, stało się jego dzielnicą. W związku z ciężka chorobą dotychczasowego rektora kaplicy w Zabełczu, nowym rektorem został mianowany 8.11.1978 r. ks. Mieczysław Oleksy.

21.11.1978 r. zmarł ks. Henryk Sokołowski. W dalszym ciągu trwały bezskuteczne starania o budowę kościoła.

20.03.1981 r. ks. Biskup dr Jerzy Ablewicz podniósł do godności parafii dotychczasowy rektorat przy kaplicy Matki Bożej Częstochowskiej w Zabełczu. Równocześnie przyłączył do nowej parafii ok. 50 rodzin z Wielopola związanych ze szkołą podstawową i kaplicą w Zabełczu. Proboszczem został mianowany dotychczasowy rektor ks. Mieczysław Oleksy.

Po rezygnacji Ojców Jezuitów z pracy duszpasterskiej w Zabełczu, ks. biskup Ordynariusz Jerzy Ablewicz mianował proboszczem ks. Stanisława Świderskiego.

1.07.1981 r. w parafii przestają pracować Ojcowie Jezuici, którzy tworzyli ją od początku.

Bibliografia
 Informacje o parafii na stronie diecezji tarnowskiej
 Strona parafii

Parafie pod wezwaniem Najświętszej Maryi Panny Częstochowskiej
Najświętszej


text:
Contact Log In Donate
18 Community Partners Receive $464,500 in Grants
January 31, 2019 10:54 am Published by Kevin Foster
John Randolph Foundation awarded $464,500 in grants to 18 local community partners on January 17, 2019. This grant cycle brings our total grants to $18 million since our inception in 1995. Among the nonprofits honored at the ceremony were two first-time JRF grant recipients – Boys to Men Mentoring Network of Virginia and The Maddie Mann Foundation for Accessible Play, who will receive an additional $25,000 matching grant when they raise $25,000 by June 2019. (Scroll to the bottom of this post to see how you can donate to The Maddie Man Foundation.)
Mr. James Hatcher, CEO of American Red Cross Virginia Region, shares how they have helped people recover from natural disasters across the nation, in Virginia, and in the Tri-Cities area.
You can check out more photos from the event on our Facebook page.
John Randolph Foundation Fall 2018 Grant Cycle
City of Hopewell Fire and Rescue: $20,000 to enhance pre-hospital care for residents of Hopewell and surrounding communities through the purchase of a technologically advanced cardiac monitor and defibrillator
Colonial Heights Food Pantry: $25,000 to alleviate hunger for the food insecure and low income families in the extended Colonial Heights community
District 19 Community Services Board: $15,500 to provide emergency medications, peer-to-peer counseling and operational enhancements to benefit people with mental illness
FOLAR – Friends of the Lower Appomattox River: $50,000 for administrative and operational support for the creation of the Lower Appomattox River Heritage Trail
Gateway Homes: $25,000 for patients with mental illness to obtain psychosocial support, life skills, and vocational training for re-integration into our communities
Greater Richmond Fit4Kids: $55,000 to integrate health and wellness into Hopewell schools' curriculum
Hopewell/Prince George Healthy Families: $30,000 to support at-risk prenatal mothers and parents with children 0-5 years in age
project:HOMES: $17,000 to build wheelchair ramps and ensure homes are safe and accessible for people in need
ALS Association: $5,000 to support people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Hopewell area
American Red Cross: $12,000 to support neighbors who have been displaced from their home due to fire with basic needs like shelter, food, and medicines
Crater Community Hospice: $5,000 to enhance quality of life for patients with terminal illness
Hopewell Recreation & Parks: $25,000 to support affordable, high-quality summer camp programs for children in the Hopewell area
The Maddie Mann Foundation for Accessible Play: $50,000 to build the only accessible, barrier-free play park in the Tri-Cities area for children with and without disabilities and their families
Big Brothers Big Sisters: $40,000 to match mentors with students at all Hopewell elementary schools
Boys to Men Mentoring Network of Virginia: $10,000 to train mentors for middle school and high school age boys in Prince George County to reduce drop-out rates, drug abuse, truancy, and other negative behaviors
Children's Museum of Richmond: $10,000 to provide early enrichment programs for Hopewell students
Smart Beginnings Southeast: $40,000 to promote quality childcare and school-readiness for children in the Tri-Cities area
STORY – Southside Transformation Opportunities for Residents and Youth: $30,000 to mentor students in the Thomas Rolfe Community of Hopewell through the Math, Literacy, and Leadership program (ML2)
We are proud to partner with each of these organizations to build healthy communities and bright futures in the Tri-Cities area of Virginia.
SUPPORT THE MADDIE MANN FOUNDATION FOR ACCESSIBLE PLAY
Donate by July 2019, and John Randolph Foundation will match your gift up to $25,000. You can give securely online at https://www.paypal.me/maddiemannfoundation or mail a check payable to:
The Maddie Mann Foundation
Sutherland, VA 23885
Thank you for helping to build the only accessible, barrier-free play park in the Tri-Cities area for children with and without disabilities and their families! For more information, please email [email protected] or call (804) 731-6585.
Tags: Grant Awards, matching grant, Philanthropy
This post was written by Kevin Foster
Healthy communities.
Bright futures.
Contact Log In Donate Join Newsletter Privacy Policy
© 2020 John Randolph Foundation | 112 North Main Street, P.O. Box 1606, Hopewell, VA 23860 | Office: 804.458.2239 | Fax: 804.458.3754


text:
Why Covid-19 vaccines could further harm critically endangered deep-sea shark species?
By Leo Clarke on November 19, 2020
Shark liver oil, or squalene, is a fatty substance that's thought of a lifesaver for people. It acts as a boosting agent in vaccines, known as an adjuvant, that improves the immune system and makes vaccines simpler.
The significance of shark liver oil has further elevated now, amidst the continuing Covid-19 pandemic, as pharmaceutical firms all over the world are engaged on numerous coronavirus vaccines.
At least 5 of the 202 Covid-19 vaccine being made by numerous pharmaceutical firms all over the world are counting on squalene, sourced from wild-caught sharks.
However the Pfizer and Moderna coronavirus vaccines, which have each demonstrated early success, don't want adjuvants.
Tens of tens of millions of sharks are caught and traded internationally yearly, each legally and illegally, the bulk for his or her meat and fins.
But roughly three million or extra sharks are caught for his or her squalene. It takes the livers of between 2,500 and three,000 sharks to extract a few ton of squalene.
Conservationists worry that elevated demand for squalene for vaccines, amongst different makes use of, could further imperil shark species, a 3rd of that are susceptible to extinction.
Only about one % of squalene results in vaccines, and most goes into cosmetics akin to sunscreen, pores and skin lotions, and moisturizers.
As the worldwide inhabitants booms, the necessity for vaccines will solely improve in coming years. Some medical specialists counsel that folks would require a number of doses of vaccines in opposition to COVID-19.
In mild of declining shark populations, some biotech firms are in search of different sources of squalene.
Plants akin to sugarcane, olives, amaranth seeds, and rice bran, as an example, all include the substance.
While plant-based options are being examined in research and scientific trials, regulatory businesses such because the US Food and Drug Administration have but to approve them as a part of a ultimate vaccine product.
For centuries, folks have exploited shark livers for meals and vitality – liver oil, for instance, fueled streetlights throughout 18th-century Europe.
The oil has additionally lengthy been utilized in textiles and meals coloring, in addition to beauty merchandise.
But it wasn't till 1997 that Chiron, a former biotech firm that is since been acquired by Novartis, used squalene as an adjuvant within the FLUAD influenza vaccine.
Other main pharmaceutical firms, akin to GSK and Novartis, started to depend on squalene for his or her seasonal flu and swine flu vaccines.
Critically


text:
Ismail Enver-paša (1881. – 1922.) bio je osmanski general i političar.

Karijera
Još kao mlad istaknuo se u borbi protiv makedonskih gerilaca tijekom koje se pridružio mladoturskom pokretu. Godine 1908. sudjelovao je u svrgnuću osmanskog sultana Abdula Hamida II., a već 1909. godine imenovan je vojnim atašeom u Berlinu.

U siječnju 1914. godine postao je brigadni general te ministar rata u kabinetu unitarista Saida Halim-paše. Osuvremenio je vojsku te se, postavši arbitrom vanjske politike svoje zemlje, zalagao za povezivanje s Njemačkom te ulaska Osmanskog Carstva u Prvi svjetski rat na strani Centralnih sila. Po ulasku u rat planirao je sjedinjavanje turskih naroda s područja Azije s Osmanskim Carstvom.

Nakon poraza pobjegao je u Berlin te je 1919. godine u odsutnosti osuđen na smrt. Od 1920. godine boravio je u SSSR-u te ondje namjeravao preuzeti vodstvo u Kemal-pašinom pokretu otpora u Maloj Aziji. Nakon određenih uspjeha ubijen je u jednoj vojnoj akciji Crvene armije.

Privatni život

Oženio se u ožujku 1914. godine nećakinjom sultana Mehmeda V. Rešeda.

Izvori
1. Povijest, biblioteka Jutarnjeg lista, 15. knjiga (Kolonijalna carstva i imperijalizam 1871. – 1914.)

Vojni zapovjednici Osmanskog Carstva
Turski političari
Paše Osmanskog Carstva
Osmanski vojni zapovjednici u Prvom svjetskom ratu
Političari u Prvom svjetskom ratu


text:
Q: How to say "libro parlato" in English In Italian a "libro parlato" is an ordinary book which has been recorded with a person's real voice (thus giving the book a pleasant "mood" listening experience which cannot currently be achieved through a phone's Text-to-Speech function, however good that may be.
My question is, how would you translate "libro parlato" in English? I need to ask a question about these on a stackexchange site but do not know what to call it. Thanks.

A: I think most people just call them...

audiobooks (or talking books) - a recording of a text being read

If you had an ebook (a book that is read on a computer or other electronic device) you probably wouldn't start calling it an "audiobook" just because you happened to have your computer read it out using a software-based text-to-speech app. It strongly implies read aloud by a human being.

A: An audiobook is a "recording of a book or magazine being read" (here).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Android Google Services Plugin Issue While running GCM Sender Application I am Getting this type of Exception

Information:Gradle tasks [:app:generateDebugSources,
  :app:generateDebugAndroidTestSources] :app:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
  :app:preDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE :app:checkDebugManifest
  :app:preReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
  :app:prepareComAndroidSupportAppcompatV72301Library
  :app:preDebugAndroidTestBuild UP-TO-DATE
  :app:prepareComAndroidSupportMultidex101Library UP-TO-DATE
  :app:prepareComAndroidSupportSupportV42301Library
  :app:prepareComGoogleAndroidGmsPlayServicesBase830Library UP-TO-DATE
  :app:prepareComGoogleAndroidGmsPlayServicesBasement830Library
  UP-TO-DATE :app:prepareComGoogleAndroidGmsPlayServicesGcm830Library
  UP-TO-DATE
  :app:prepareComGoogleAndroidGmsPlayServicesMeasurement830Library
  UP-TO-DATE :app:prepareDebugDependencies :app:compileDebugAidl
  :app:compileDebugRenderscript :app:generateDebugBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
  :app:generateDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE :app:mergeDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
  :app:generateDebugResValues UP-TO-DATE :app:processDebugGoogleServices
  FAILED Error:Execution failed for task
  ':app:processDebugGoogleServices'.

File google-services.json is missing from module root folder. The Google Services Plugin cannot function without it. Information:BUILD
    FAILED Information:Total time: 2.942 secs Information:1 error
    Information:0 warnings Information:See complete output in console

Can any One Please Clarify

A: The way how to integrate Google Play Services has recently changed. You have to add a google-services.json.
Here you will find information how to get this config file and how to integrate GCM:
https://developers.google.com/cloud-messaging/android/client

A: This sample uses the Google Services Plugin, which requires that you have the google-services.json file in the app directory of your project.
See this documentation, being sure to get the configuration file and add it to the app directory of your Android project.
Also be sure to update the API key value in GcmSender.java.

A: You need To:
1-Go to https://console.firebase.google.com
2-Create a project.
3-Then go and click on Add Firebase to your Android app
4- Add (Package name, Debug signing certificate SHA-1)
5- Then Firebase will generate google-services.json
6- Copy this file and add it to your project root
7- Then follow every steps