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Home » Decision Support in Medicine » Dermatology
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris and variants (Devergie's disease, lichen acuminatus, lichen psoriasis, lichen ruber acuminatus, lichen ruber pilaris, pityriasis pilaris)
Amy Y-Y Chen
Bryan Sofen
Bruce Strober
Are You Confident of the Diagnosis?
What you should be alert for in the history
The diagnosis of PRP can best be made using several well-described clinical features of the most common form, type 1 or classic adult. Patients describe rough, perifollicular, erythematous papules that coalesce to form large, scaly plaques. Patients present with a generalized eruption that is often asymptomatic, but patients may complain of pruritus or burning. PRP commonly begins in the scalp and progresses caudally; inquire about increasing fine scalp scale associated with pruritus or erythema. The palms and soles are frequently involved with an orange-red, waxy keratoderma. Patients may complain of stiff hands or painful fissures.
There are five variants of PRP: classic adult, (type I), representing 55% of PRP cases; atypical adult, (type II), 5%; classic juvenile, (type III), 10%; circumscribed juvenile, (type IV), 25%; and atypical juvenile, (type V), 5%. A sixth variant has been proposed for PRP in HIV patients.
Characteristic findings on physical examination
On physical examination, classic adult PRP is characterized by perifollicular hyperkeratosis (Figure 1) with an erythematous base. Commonly seen on the dorsum of the hands and wrists, the papules frequently give the appearance of a nutmeg grater. On the trunk, the papules often coalesce into red-orange plaques with a fine scale (Figure 2) and characteristic, sharply demarcated islands of sparing (normal appearing skin) (Figure 3). The plaques may progress to an exfoliative erythroderma and a waxy, orange-red hued keratoderma frequently develops on the palms and soles (Figure 4). Keratoderma with a coarser and lamellated scale is seen in types II and V, the atypical adult and atypical juvenile variants.
Sharply demarcated follicular hyperkeratosis.
Follicular hyperkeratosis and scale.
Discrete "islands of sparing."
Orange-red, waxy palmoplantar keratoderma.
Scalp involvement with erythema and a fine, diffuse scale resembling seborrheic dermatitis may be the presenting clinical manifestation (Figure 5), and a rapid progression to erythroderma can occur in several weeks. Severe ectropion may develop with prolonged facial erythroderma. Alopecia may be seen in either adult form. Ichthyosiform lesions and areas of eczematous dermatitis, especially in the lower extremities, may be seen in the atypical adult and atypical juvenile variants.
PRP Scalp Involvement may mimic seborrheic dermatitis.
Nail changes are frequent and include nail plate thickening, yellow-brown discoloration, and splinter hemorrhages (Figure 6). The mucous membranes are rarely involved, but may resemble oral lichen planus with diffuse, lacy whitish plaques and papules on the buccal mucosa.
Nail plate thickening and discoloration.
The classification of PRP is summarized in Table I.
Clinical Type I – classic adult II – atypical adult III – classic juvenile IV – circumscribed juvenile V – atypical juvenile VI – HIV associated
Age of Onset Adult Juvenile Adult
Clinical Findings – perifollicular hyperkeratosis (nutmeg grater)- red-orange plaques with islands of sparing- waxy palmoplantar keratoderma- exfoliative erythroderma – ichthyosiform scale- eczematous dermatitis- more course, lamellated keratoderma & scale- occasional alopecia – similar findings to type I – elbows, knees, bony prominences- erythematous follicular papules- onset prepuberty – similar findings to type II- Note: most familial forms – nodulocystic, pustular, acneiform lesions- elongated follicular plugs
Course Majority clear within 3 years Chronic Majority clear within 3 years, sooner than type I Variable Chronic Variable
Distribution Generalized Focal Generalized
% of PRP Cases 55% 5% 10% 25% 5% Unknown
Type II PRP, atypical adult, differs from the classic form with ichthyosiform lesions, eczematous scaling, and a coarser, lamellated keratoderma and follicular hyperkeratosis. Type II also has a longer duration with a more chronic course, as well as occasional alopecia. Only 20% of type II patients achieve clinical resolution within 3 years, whereas a majority resolve in this time frame with the classic type.
Type III, classic juvenile, is the juvenile form of PRP that closely resembles type I, classic adult. As with type I, type III also typically clears within 3 years of onset. Remission of classic PRP occurs sooner in children than adults, often occurring within 1 year.
Type IV, circumscribed juvenile, is the most common form in children, often seen in prepubescents. Type IV is the only variant of PRP with focal involvement rather than a generalized eruption. There are sharply demarcated areas of erythema and follicular hyperkeratosis mainly on the elbows, knees, and bony prominences. This form of PRP rarely progresses.
Type V, atypical juvenile, closely resembles type II, atypical adult, with more ichthyosiform scaling and prominent follicular hyperkeratosis. Type V patients also present with the course, lamellated keratoderma of the palms and soles. Onset is typically within the first few years of life and these patients have a more chronic course. The rare familial forms of PRP fall within this group.
Type VI is a proposed group for PRP associated with HIV. These patients present with nodulocystic or pustular acneiform lesions with elongated follicular plugs. They often have a clinical picture resembling lichen spinulosus or hidradenitis suppuritiva. This form of PRP is often recalcitrant to conventional therapy, but may respond to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Expected results of diagnostic studies
Laboratory studies should be directed at ruling out electrolyte abnormalities, hypoalbuminemia, and bacterial skin infections. No specific laboratory tests are needed to diagnose PRP as correlating the clinical picture and histological findings makes the diagnosis.
A biopsy is often important in making the diagnosis of PRP. The histological features are not pathognomonic and many are non-specific, but they may be useful in ruling out other papulosquamous and erythrodermoid disorders. On histology, an alternating vertical and horizontal ortho and parakeratosis forming a checkerboard pattern in the stratum corneum with a psoriasiform dermatitis is distinctive, but not pathognomonic.
Hypergranulosis of the interfollicular epidermis with follicular plugging, acanthosis and acantholysis of the adnexal epithelium, and broad rete ridges with narrow dermal papillae are also seen. A sparse, perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate is present with a focal split in the basal lamina at the dermal-epidermal junction (Figure 7).
Hypergranulosis with perivascular infiltrate.
Direct immunofluorescence is not very helpful as IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 are all negative. There is little value in imaging studies.
Diagnosis confirmation
PRP is often mistaken for other papulosquamous and erythrodermic disorders, most often psoriasis. The two may be differentiated by histological evaluation, but this effort may too be equivocal. The presence of epidermal acantholysis and focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, hypergranulosis, shorter and thicker rete pegs, limited vascular dilation in the dermal papillae, and the absence of both neutrophilic migration towards the epidermis and Munro microabscesses favor a diagnosis of PRP. Nail changes such as pitting, oil drops, and marginal onycholysis favor a diagnosis of psoriasis.
In addition to psoriasis, other disorders in the differential diagnosis include the following:
generalized hypersensitivity reaction
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
erythrokeratoderma variabilis
follicular eczema
follicular ichthyosis
seborrheic dermatitis (early PRP may mimic seborrheic dermatitis, but PRP is much more recalcitrant to conventional therapy)
subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
erythema gyratum repens (EGR or and EGR-like pattern may occur in resolving PRP if the patient has been taking systemic retinoids or high dose Vitamin A. Only 5 cases of this extremely rare phenomenon have been reported in the literature, and all patients had been previously treated, or were currently being treated with systemic retinoids or high dose Vitamin A. PRP has also only occasionally been associated with an underlying malignancy, whereas EGR is associated with an underlying malignancy in 80% of cases.
oral lichen planus (mucous membrane involvement is much rarer in PRP, and the cutaneous signs are significantly different)
ichthyoses/atopic dermatitis (types II and V, the atypical forms, have many overlapping features but PRP typically has the additional papulosquamous component)
symmetric erythrokeratoderma
Kawasaki disease (especially in children with acute-onset PRP)
erythroderma of other etiology
secondary syphilis (has distinctive ham-colored papulosquamous lesions of the palms and soles)
Who is at Risk for Developing this Disease?
Type I, the classic adult form of PRP, is the most common. PRP is a rare disorder with the reported incidence ranging from 1 in 3,500-5,000 new patient visits in the United States to 1 in 50,0000 new patient visits in India. There is no gender or ethnic bias, with incidence peaking during the first and second decade, and again during the fifth and sixth decade. Most cases are sporadic, but familial forms have been reported, usually autosomal dominant in inheritance and atypical in presentation.
What is the Cause of the Disease?
The etiology of PRP is largely unknown. A vitamin A deficiency was originally proposed but has since not been substantiated. Systemic retinoids help, so an as yet unidentified dysfunction in keratinization of Vitamin A metabolism may still exist.
An immune system dysregulation and abnormal response to antigenic triggers has also been proposed stemming from reports of infections, (including HIV and streptococcal infections), ultraviolet exposure, or various other minor traumas preceding the onset of PRP. Reported associations with hypothyroidism, reactive arthritis, dermatomyositis, celiac sprue, vitiligo, and myasthenia gravis suggest an autoimmune component.
While an antigenic trigger has not been identified, the inflammatory cascade is somehow initiated causing a marked hyperproliferation of inflammatory cells and the ensuing dermal inflammation creates the characteristic lesions of PRP. Owing to the success of some biologic therapeutics, it is likely that TNF-a and IL-12/23 play important roles in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
Recently CARD 14 mutations have been identified in both familial and sporadic cases of PRP. CARD 14 encodes member 14 of the caspase recruitment domain family and is highly expressed in the skin. Although the precise signaling pathway regulated by CARD 14 remains to be elucidated, CARD 14 is known to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- B), which plays a central role in cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. The importance of NF- B in the pathogenesis of PRP may have future therapeutic implications.
Systemic Implications and Complications
Systemic manifestations such as malaise, fatigue, fever, and chills may accompany an acute onset of PRP. The systemic implications of PRP are mostly attributed to erythroderma and include lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and electrolyte abnormalities stemming from increased transepidermal water loss. In patients with preexisting cardiac conditions, cardiac failure can occur with erythroderma and they may have difficulty regulating temperature. With prolonged facial erythroderma, ectropion may develop leading to visual problems. Arthritis has also been reported in some PRP patients.
Upon diagnosing PRP, it is important to rule out dermatomyositis as the presence of PRP defines the Wong type variant of that disease. Patients with this rare form of dermatomyositis have the erythematous, hyperkeratotic follicular papules seen with classic adult PRP on the extremities, particularly the dorsal hand and wrists. The scalp, forehead, and posterior neck may also be involved. These patients do not show other common PRP clinical findings however, such as the waxy orange-red discoloration, palmoplantar keratoderma, or exfoliative erythroderma.
As a unifying etiology has yet to be established and there have been few large scale, randomized trials given the paucity of patients, there is no definitive treatment strategy for PRP. Many different regimens have been reported and the strategy is primarily empiric based on anecdotal reports. Treatment options are summarized in Table II.
Physical Modalities
Surgical Options
TOPICAL Phototherapy (Narrow-band UVB, UVA1, or PUVA*) May be required for a severe ectropion.
Keratolytics
Topical Steroids
Calcipotriol
Systemic Retinoids
Ustekinumab
Anakinra
Systemic Steroids
*PUVA, psoralen plus ultraviolet A.
The goal remains primarily to prevent complications and reduce morbidity, especially considering the natural course of the disease for many patients is spontaneous resolution.
Optimal Therapeutic Approach for this Disease
While the etiology is unclear and regimens remain largely empiric, PRP is generally considered an acute disorder and first-line treatment is systemic. A review of the literature reveals no good randomized controlled trials detailing treatment options, so much of the regimens are anecdotal or from limited case series.
Systemic retinoids, such as isotretinoin (0.5-2 mg/kg, start 1-1.5 mg/kg), acitretin (25-50 mg/day), etretinate (25-50 mg/day), and alitretinoin (0.5 mg/kg/day) are first-line therapy. Isotretinoin has been shown to induce significant clearing within 3-6 months, and the recurrence rate has been reported at 17%. Due to the ease with which a patient may receive acitretin, the authors tend to prescribe this retinoid for the appropriate patients, as personal experience and the scientific literature do not clearly demonstrate that isotretinoin is superior. The effects of retinoids on familial forms are unclear.
Methotrexate has also been used with success in PRP. Doses ranging from 10-25 mg/week have been reported to clear PRP in 3-6 months. Myelosuppression and hepatotoxicity are well-known potential side effects of methotrexate, especially with concomitant systemic retinoid use (both can be given at the onset of therapy in severe cases). Monitor laboratory studies at baseline, after 1 month, and periodically as indicated if starting methotrexate.
Other immunosuppressive options include azathioprine (1 mg/kg/day orally for 6-8 weeks, increase by 0.5 mg every 4 weeks until response, not to exceed 2.5 mg/kg/day), and cyclosporine (2.5-5 mg/kg/day).
For patients with acute flares, erythroderma, or significant systemic symptoms, systemic steroids (prednisone, start 1 mg/kg/day) can be used. With more focal disease, topical keratolytics (such as salicylic acid 6% as a lotion or cream) may help relieve the follicular hyperkeratosis, topical steroids may relieve more symptomatic lesions, and all patients should be given an emollient. In patients with palmar keratoderma and fissuring, emollients and potent (betamethasone 0.05%) or ultrapotent (clobetasol 0.05%) topical steroids can be given. These patients may also need analgesia.
A number of studies have shown success with biologics, with reports detailing use of infliximab (intravenous infusion induction 5 mg/kg at 0, 2, and 6 weeks, then 5 mg/kg every 6-8 weeks, increase to 10 mg/kg if diminishing response, consider discontinuing by week 14 if no response), adalimumab (40 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks), etanercept (50 mg subcutaneously weekly), and ustekinumab (using the approved dosing for psoriasis patients). These biologic agents have been used either alone or in combination with systemic retinoids or methotrexate in refractory cases. Recently, a patient with refractory PRP and having a contraindication for TNF-a inhibitors was successfully treated with apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, at standard psoriasis dosing. While these reports and series have shown encouraging therapeutic successes, the reports are limited and use of these drugs in PRP needs to be further evaluated. Precautions and monitoring should resemble those associated with the treatment of psoriasis patients.
More recently some reports have documented the use of topical imiquimod with PRP. The practicality of this approach is limited when a large body surface area is affected. As with the biologics, this modality needs to be further evaluated.
Phototherapy with narrow-band ultraviolet (UV) B, UVA1, or psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) does benefit many patients, (especially when used with a systemic retinoid), but may exacerbate disease severity.
For the classic juvenile form of PRP, less toxic regimens are recommended given the high frequency of spontaneous resolution of disease. Topical tazarotene (1% gel) may also be effective for the treatment of juvenile PRP.
Inquire as to functional disability of the patient, as milder cases of more cosmetic concern can be managed less aggressively.
Patient Management
Explain to the patient the natural history of PRP before starting therapy. For many, this condition resolves spontaneously within 3-5 years. Advise them also that PRP is typically not a life-threatening disease. There are number of PRP support groups available as well. Patients with erythroderma should be monitored regularly for electrolyte abnormalities, hypoalbuminemia, bacterial infections of the skin, and sepsis. Many of the therapeutics require regular laboratory monitoring.
Unusual Clinical Scenarios to Consider in Patient Management
Severe forms of PRP with nodular and pustular acneiform lesions have been seen in HIV patients. This form of PRP is often resistant to standard therapy, but may respond to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
PRP is associated with dermatomyositis, known as the Wong variant of this disease. These patients typically have follicular hyperkeratosis especially on the extremities, but rarely have the orange-red discoloration, palmoplantar keratoderma, or exfoliative erythroderma. Ask patients about muscle pain or weakness and perform the appropriate laboratory analyses to evaluate for the presence of dermatomyositis.
PRP has occasionally been reported with a number of solid and hematologic malignancies, but true paraneoplastic PRP is an uncommon condition. The cutaneous findings of paraneoplastic PRP are typical in morphology for the classic adult form, but progression may be unusually rapid, often in as little as 2 weeks. In several reports, the skin findings resolved upon treatment of the underlying neoplasm, while in others the skin lesions improved despite a deteriorating condition of the malignancy. Only one report described an atypical presentation for PRP, with prominent mucosal involvement, filiform facial hyperkeratosis, and sparing under pressure areas (eye glasses and bra strap).
PRP has been associated with the following: laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal-cell carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma with unknown primary, leukemia, and Merkel-cell carcinoma. Underlying malignancy should be considered in patients with unusually rapid progression of PRP.
Familial forms of PRP are rare but have been reported. The inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant, and these patients typically present in the first few years of life and ultimately have a much more chronic course. Consider treatment regiments accordingly as these patients will likely require long term therapy.
Albert, MR, Mackool, BT. "Pityriasis rubra pilaris". Int J Dermatol. vol. 38. 1999. pp. 1-11. (An outstanding review of PRP including etiology, histopathology, and clinical findings. While providing an excellent background of PRP and treatment options, this article does not include the newest additions to the therapeutic arsenal.)
Chan, H, Liu, FT, Naguwa, S. "A review of pityriasis rubra pilaris and rheumatologic associations". Clin Dev Immunol. vol. 11. 2004. pp. 57-60. (The authors found eight case reports of PRP associated with new-onset arthritis. They also describe a case of seronegative mono-arthritis preceding cutaneous lesions of PRP by two years. This article also gives and excellent review of the clinical presentation, classification, treatment modalities, and rheumatologic associations of PRP. It is important to rule out rheumatologic conditions such as dermatomyositis in all patients with PRP.)
Shenefelt, PD. "Pityriasis Rubra pilaris". eMedicine Online Journal. 2010 May. (A concise, but thorough and up-to-date review of the disorder and treatment options. The format is accessible for quick review.)
Griffiths, WA. "Pityriasis rubra pilaris". Clin Exp Dermatol. vol. 5. 1980. pp. 105-112. (The first paper to thoroughly detail the epidemiology and background of PRP, as well the clinical and histopathologic findings. In this paper Griffiths establishes the original and still-used classification scheme for this disease.)
Miralles, ES, Nunez, M, De Las Heras, ME, Perez, B, Moreno, R, Ledo, A. "Pityriasis rubra pilaris and human immunodeficiency virus infection". Br J Dermatol. vol. 133. 1995. pp. 990-3. (PRP in HIV patients, including those not significantly immunosuppressed, may present with slightly different morphology, including nodulocystic, acneiform, and lichen spinulosus-like lesions. This subpopulation has a poor prognosis and is often recalcitrant to conventional therapy, although HAART may be effective. This paper also proposes that these patients be classified as a sixth variant within the original classification scheme by Griffiths.)
Cohen, PR, Prystowsky, JH. "Pityriasis rubra pilaris: a review of diagnosis and treatment". J Am Acad Dermatol. vol. 20. 1989. pp. 801-7. (A detailed review of the histopathologic features of PRP, a discussion of pathogenesis, and the relationship to Vitamin A. This is an excellent overview of the disease and treatment modalities, but does not include the newest therapeutic options.)
Magro, CM, Crowson, AN. "The clinical and histomorphological features of pityriasis rubra pilaris. A comparative analysis with psoriasis". J Cutan Pathol. vol. 24. 1997. pp. 416-4. (This review explores the clinical features, associated background illnesses, and some potential triggers of PRP. This paper also represents an outstanding detail of the histomorphologic spectrum culled from a massive chart review. Histomorphologic features predictive of PRP include follicular plugging, an increased granular cell layer, and acantholysis.)
Bletloch, I, Ramon, R, Silvestre, JF, Carnero, L, Albares, MP, Banuls, J. "Acute juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris: a superantigen mediated disease?". Pediatr Dermatol. vol. 18. 2001. pp. 411-4. (A case report and description of juvenile circumscribed PRP. This is an excellent description of this unique form of PRP, and delves into the possibility that PRP may be a superantigen mediated disorder.)
Alexis, AH, Strober, BE. "Off-label dermatologic uses of anti-TNF-a therapies". J Cutan Med Surg. vol. 9. 2005. pp. 296-302. (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an immunomodulatory role in a variety of systemic and dermatologic diseases. Psoriasis is the main dermatologic condition indicated for these medications, and this paper thoroughly reviews all reported off-label uses for other inflammatory dermatologic conditions. This paper reviews the pathology, and gives insight into the use of biologics in treating PRP.)
Ruiz Villaverde, R, Sanchez Cano, D. "Successful treatment of type 1 pityriasis rubra pilaris with ustekinumab therapy". Eur J Dermatol. vol. 20. 2010. pp. 630-1. (A case report demonstrating successful use of ustekinumab, an anti-IL-12 and IL-23, in the treatment of PRP. By showing successful treatment of this disorder by focusing on these cytokines, this report further details the pathogenesis of PRP.)
Inoue, N, Dainichi, T, Fujisawa, A, Nakano, H, Sawamura, D, Kabashima, K. "CARD14 Glu138 mutation in familial pityriasis rubra pilaris does not warrant differentiation from familial psoriasis". J Dermatol. vol. 43. 2016. pp. 187-189. (A case report of familial pityriasis rubra pilaris with CARD 14 genetic mutation with a brief review on CARD 14 and the NF- B pathway.)
Eastham, AB, Femia, AN, Qureshi, A, Vleugels, RA. "Treatment options for pityriasis rubra pilaris including biologic agents: a retrospective analysis from an academic medical center". JAMA Dermatol.. vol. 150. 2014. pp. 92-4. (The largest and most comprehensive retrospective analysis on treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris including biologic agents.)
Krase, IZ, Cavanaugh, K, Curiel-Lewandrowski, C. "Treatment of refractory pityriasis rubra pilaris with novel phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor apremilast". JAMA Dermatol.. vol. 152 (3). 2016. pp. 348-50. (A case report demonstrating success of using apremilast in the treatment of refractory PRP in a patient with contraindication to biologics, further demonstrates that there is an up-regulation of various inflammatory cytokines in pathogenesis of PRP.)
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Close more info about Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris and variants (Devergie's disease, lichen acuminatus, lichen psoriasis, lichen ruber acuminatus, lichen ruber pilaris, pityriasis pilaris)


A classic PNW expert run with cliffs, glades and open faces.
Longshot gets its name from the long shot that the ski patrol must throw when doing avalanche control.
This wide couloir is also known as Upper Paradise.
Access from the upper left side of Finger Ridge, which separates Bruce's Bowl from Paradise.
Experts can enter high at the first opening in the trees to tackle the steep upper face, also the target for the ski patrol's long throw mentioned above.
Below this first face, a short rock band dissects the fall line just as the trees tighten up.
Below this constriction the slope opens nicely to a wide, shallow couloir and then eventually to an open face.
The lower opening in the trees is also a great spot to enter for a nice fall line run of nearly 800 vertical feet.
Enjoy this open face that feels steep, but doable for advanced skiers and riders.
Watch for the traverse track entering from the right at the elevation of Gate 4.
Some of these skiers are headed to Paradise Trees, and this annoying track can ruin an otherwise perfect run.
Below this traverse the tracks are usually much denser.
If you happen to be there when the ski patrol drops the ropes at Gate 3, head to Longshot for a consistent fall line in deep snow.
Thanks to prevailing the winds, this run, especially the top and along the trees to the right, gets loaded.
Note that once through the Northway gates, cliffs and other hazards are not marked.
This is avalanche prone terrain.
Ski/ride with a partner and carry the proper equipment.


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Q: Another add-in is using my custom ribbon Good afternoon all!  Thank you in advance for any guidance you can offer.  I am using Visual Studio 2015 and C# to create an Outlook Add-In.  I have created a ribbon using the Ribbon Designer (named MainRibbon) and have it launching at run-time using the following code:
    // Load MainRibbon
    protected override Microsoft.Office.Core.IRibbonExtensibility
    CreateRibbonExtensibilityObject()
    {
        return Globals.Factory.GetRibbonFactory().CreateRibbonManager(
            new Microsoft.Office.Tools.Ribbon.IRibbonExtension[] { new MainRibbon() }
        );
    }

The problem that I'm having is that my Outlook has a third-party add-in installed that also has its own ribbon.  When testing my ribbon, what happens is that my tab shows up on the ribbon as expected, but the third-party add-in tab is gone and the icons from that third-party add-in tab are merged into my custom ribbon.
I would ideally like the third-party add-in to keep its own tab and my ribbon to have its own tab. I am new to Visual Studio and going by the MSDN to create this and I see nothing about keeping my ribbon specific to just my plugin.

A: By default, the VSTO Ribbon Designer will present you with a "shared tab" (usually labelled "Add-ins") that all customization may use. The philosophy is that this is better for the users...
You can (and should) add your own CUSTOM tab to the Ribbon in the Designer. No other Add-in will be able to share a custom tab created in the Designer.
Click in the Ribbon "bar", outside any tabs, then choose "Add Ribbon tab" from the context menu. In the Properties you can assign it a Name and a Label. You add buttons to it just like for the Built-in tabs.
Note: It is possible, using Ribbon XML, to expose a custom tab for sharing by providing a namespace and using qId. I mention this only for the sake of completeness...

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Style:10006533 Another unique take on the Killer Shark, the new Killer Shark LED features a module of light emitting diodes for a fresh visual perspective on time. While the module is stripped down of features compared to the original Killer Shark, the LED is the ultimate night vision. Like all Shark Watches, the Killer Shark LED is backed by our limited lifetime warranty. Water resistant to 100 meters.


This is a classic warming dish that is great during frigid weather. This chili recipe is a modified version of the chili my mother used to make.
You might want to make it go farther by adding some shell elbow or shaped pasta for chili mac. I usually do that with any leftovers for lunch the next day. Or we'll have chili dogs. Or you can use the leftovers to make nachos.
1 lb. Lean ground beef, browned and drained. Some people like to add diced onion and green pepper while cooking the ground beef.
Mix it all together, mixing very well. Bring to just boiling. Lower heat to very low. Cover and simmer for at least ½ hour. (Told you it was easy.) Take cover off and let it sit for a few minutes to thicken.
Serve with tossed salad and warm French bread.
Use any leftovers to make chili dogs topped with grated cheddar cheese – Yum!
Note – One time I didn't have enough chili powder. I used 1 teaspoon chili power and one teaspoon cayenne. It was very tasty, but a little too hot for us.


text:
Die Patagonische Beutelratte (Lestodelphys halli) ist eine Beutelsäugerart aus der Familie der Beutelratten (Didelphidae). Sie kommt nur in Patagonien vor und hat von allen amerikanischen Beuteltieren das südlichste Verbreitungsgebiet.

Beschreibung
Die Patagonische Beutelratte ähnelt äußerlich leicht den Mäusen, mit denen sie aber nicht verwandt ist. Ihr dichtes, kurzes Fell ist an der Oberseite grau gefärbt, die Unterseite und die Beine sind weiß. An den Schultern und Hüften hat sie schwarze Flecken. Der Schwanz, der deutlich kürzer als der Körper ist, ist unbehaart und kann wie bei den Fettschwanzbeutelratten als Fettspeicher verwendet werden. Die Krallen sind schärfer als bei anderen Beutelratten und stellen eine Anpassung an eine bodenbewohnende Lebensweise dar. Durch den kürzeren, breiteren Schädel und die größeren Eckzähne unterscheiden sie sich von verwandten Arten. Patagonische Beutelratten erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 13 bis 14 Zentimetern, der Schwanz ist 8 bis 10 Zentimeter lang. Ein Exemplar hatte ein Gewicht von 76 Gramm.

Lebensweise
Lebensraum der Patagonischen Beutelratten sind Grasländer im südlichen Südamerika. Sie dürften hauptsächlich Bodenbewohner sein und mit ihren Krallen Baue graben. Sie leben räuberischer als andere Beutelratten und ernähren sich vorwiegend von Wirbeltieren wie Mäusen und kleinen Vögeln.

Über die Fortpflanzung ist wenig bekannt. Weibchen haben 19 Zitzen, aber keinen Beutel, so dass die Jungtiere in den ersten Lebenswochen an der Mutter hängend herumgetragen werden. Wie die übrigen Beutelratten dürften sie eine kurze Tragzeit und eine hohe Wurfgröße haben.

Bedrohung
Die Art ist nur von wenigen Exemplaren bekannt, die alle in einer relativ kleinen Region gefunden wurden. Auch wenn der Populationstrend abnehmend ist, wird sie von der IUCN als "nicht gefährdet" (least concern) gelistet, 1996 wurde sie noch als "gefährdet" (vulnerable) eingestuft.

Literatur
 Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. 6. Auflage. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9.

Weblinks

Beutelratten

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Proven solutions with documented results come from many years of hard work and dedication, with the focus on advanced research and development. Sandvik Coromant has an outstanding offer in component feature solutions for the aerospace industry.
Thanks to our close partnership with the aero industry since our foundation in 1942, Sandvik Coromant can provide tools and solutions together with in-depth application know-how. With a strong foothold in R&D and close cooperation with both customers and machine builders, we have a truly competitive offer to bring to the aero industry.
Tools and solutions for machining of aero engine components.
Tools and solutions for machining of aero frame components.


The National Commission's Youth Commission and Parent Advisory Panel have developed Calls to Action that articulate the urgent need for schools and communities to support students' comprehensive development. These Calls to Action will be released April 6, 9:00am-11:45am ET at the new Aspen Institute Headquarters in Washington, DC (2300 N Street, NW).
Participants in the event will include Commissioners, Governor Terry McAuliffe, Karen Pittman, Tim Shriver, and Council of Distinguished Educators members, Shayne Evans and Roberta Duvall. The participants along with representatives of the Youth Commission and Parent Advisory Panel will delve into their Calls to Action, share their perspectives, and discuss the implications of these Calls to Action for the Commission's work and the work of schools and communities across the nation. The event will conclude with an invitation to partners and individuals to sign on to these Calls to Action.
The agenda for the morning's event is available here.


Robinson, J., Lanius, C., and Weber, R. (Forthcoming). User Experience Methods in Research and Practice, Manuscript proposal accepted to JTWC special edition 2020.
User experience (UX) researchers in technical communication and beyond still need a clear picture of the methods used to measure and evaluate UX. This article charts current UX methods through a systematic literature review of recent publications (2016-2018) and a survey of 52 UX practitioners in academia and industry. Our results indicate that contemporary UX research favors mixed methods and that usability testing is especially popular in both published research and our survey results. Other methods, such as surveys and ethnography, get widely used in published research but prompt varied reactions from survey respondents. This article presents these findings as a snapshot of contemporary research methods for user experience.
Robinson, J. (2016). Look Before You Lead: Seeing Virtual Teams Through the Lens of Games, Technical Communication Quarterly Special Issue, 25(3), 178-190. 10.1080/10572252.2016.118515.
This study investigated virtual teams playing World of Warcraft to better understand how traditional leadership theories applied to virtual worlds and to identify the most valuable leadership traits. Raid members completed surveys that assessed their leadership capability under the competing values framework. In keeping with previous scholarship, the findings indicate that successful virtual teams value roles from task-based leadership and a factor analysis revealed that the behavioral complexity leadership theory operates differently in virtual environments.
Robinson, J. , Lanius, C., and Weber, R. (2017). The Past, Present, and Future of UX Research. Communication Design Quarterly, (5)3.
websites, and imagined objects/prototypes were among the most frequently studied artifacts, while usability studies, surveys, and interviews were the most commonly used methods. We found a significant increase in quantitative and mixed methods studies since 2010. This study showed that only 1 out of every 5 publications employed research questions to guide inquiry. We hope that these findings help UX as a field more accurately and broadly conceive of its identity with clear standards for evaluating existing research and rethinking future research opportunities as a discipline.


text:
Strategic Planning & Values
Women Leaders Awards 2022
Pairing Program
Borderlines of the Mind Podcast
admin@cawicanada.com
CANADIAN ADVISORY OF WOMEN IMMIGRANTS
CAWI WOMEN LEADERS AWARDS
The CAWI Women Leaders: A Narrative, is a video series focusing on immigrant women in positions of power/leadership as well as those who have contributed to their communities. It explores their inspirations, stories, and passions. Below you can find our featured leaders. Thank you to all our sponsors for our 2021 project!
Bayan Khatib
Bayan Khatib is the Co-Founder and Executive Director of The Syrian Canadian Foundation. The organization aims to empower newcomers and people of diverse backgrounds, while promoting cross cultural exchanges in Canadian society, and advocating for the voiceless.
Ana Maria Dumitrache
Ana is a student at McGill University studying Political Science, Canadian Studies, and Sociology. Ana is passionate about creating inclusive resources for immigrant women, such as sexual and reproductive health education.
Aysha Yaqoob
Aysha Yaqoob is a high school teacher in Regina, Saskatchewan, as well as the Co-Founder of Pencils of Hope.
Aysha believes in a society where equity, diversity, and inclusion are integrated into all practices and marginalized communities have equal access to education.
Sepideh Afshar
Sepideh is a student at McGill University and President of McGill's Pre-Law Society. She is an advocate for equity, diversity, and inclusion and actively pursues this through her role at Sex and Self.
Tatenda Mhaka
Tatenda is a Youth Program Coordinator at Saskatchewan Council for International Cooperation. She is an advocate for the creation of policies that promote social cohesion, inclusion, and equity.
Marian Nur
Marian is passionate about Black liberation, Black and Indigenous solidarity, sexual and reproductive health rights and accessibility. She has worked as an equity coordinator to pursue these passions.
Muzna Dureid
Muzna is a Consultant at the Women, Peace, and Security Network, as well as a Women Deliver Young Leader. She is passionate about advocating for marginalized communities like women
©2022 by Canadian Advisory of Women Immigrants.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome to the School of Rap, class is in session, and Aminé will be your teacher today.
Causing trouble in the halls with his homies, running for class president, and taking the podium for an audience full of clones are just a few things that go down for Aminé on a normal day at school. He even is….his own mom? Aminé is everywhere.


text:
ACS Fellow awarded AO
Jeff Whittle recognised for his mining software.
By Edward Pollitt on Feb 02 2018 01:39 PM
Officer (AO) in the General Division of the Order of Australia, Jeff Whittle. Source: Whittle Consulting
A stalwart of the mining industry has received top honours for his revolutionary software.
Jeff Whittle was made Officer (AO) in the General Division of the Order of Australia in this year's Australia Day honours list for his distinguished service to the information technology sector and the mining industry.
"It's certainly the best award we've had," Whittle told Information Age. "We've had a number of awards over the years but as far as I'm concerned, this is the one that counts."
Over his career Jeff has disrupted the mining industry, creating and developing mining software that now has more than 2,000 licenses currently in use in over 70 countries globally.
Locally, Whittle's software is now used in 35% of operating mines in Australia.
In 1998 he founded Whittle Consulting, focusing on developing tools that can optimise mining and maximise natural resource recovery.
His Whittle Four-D and Whittle Four-X software gained high regard throughout the late 80s and early 90s, while his more recent Prober software is widely used today.
Prior to this he worked as an experimental physicist.
He is also an Adjunct Professor at the Mining Geology Research Centre, University of Queensland.
Whittle's work at the intersection between computing and mining has led to him becoming a household name.
"There's a lot of computing done in mining, and the Whittle name is widely known in the mining industry," he said. "If a mining engineer has not heard of Whittle, he's been living under a stone!"
Whittle is also a Fellow of the Australian Computer Society, after joining in 2006.
He explained that his membership has provided him with a connection to the ICT industry while he enjoyed success in the mining industry.
"It helped me in the sense of community," he said about his ACS membership.
"I've appreciated keeping up to date in what's going on in the computing industry and in that sense ACS has been good to me."
Edward Pollitt
Edward Pollitt writes the ocassional freelance article for Information Age. He was formerly a journalist with Information Age for two years.
mining software ao australia day fellow
Use unlicensed software at your peril
80,000 SA govt employees exposed to data breach
Renewable bitcoin mining comes to Byron Bay
From amateur to IT pro in 12 months


Thank you to everyone who voted and made it possible for Working World to be named, for the 6th year in a row, the best Employment Agency in McHenry County! Without our community's constant support, we would not be able to succeed and deliver quality positions to quality workers in our area. From everyone at our Crystal Lake and Fox Lake offices, we thank you!


A man in Britain has become the second person in the world to be 'cured' of HIV, after receiving a bone marrow transplant from a donor with natural resistance to the virus.
The man, who has chosen to remain anonymous, is being called the London patient, in part due to the similarities he shares with the Berlin patient, Timothy Brown, the first person known to be cured of HIV.
Almost three years after receiving bone marrow stem cell transplants as a treatment for leukaemia, doctors believe the London patient is free of HIV.
"There is no virus there that we can measure. We can't detect anything," said Ravindra Gupta, a professor and HIV biologist who was part of a team of doctors who treated the man.
Having contracted HIV in 2003, the London Patient was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2012.
After chemotherapy had failed, the London patient received bone marrow transplants from a donor carrying a mutation in the protein CCR5. The mutation prevents HIV from entering the cells and thus gives those who have it natural immunity to HIV.
It is believed that around 1% of people have some form of resistance to HIV. The mutation is more common in those of Northern European descent.
In recent news, the CCR5 protein was the subject of controversy after Chinese scientist He Jiankui altered the gene in an effort to prevent unborn twins from contracting HIV.
The case of the London patient comes twelve years after that of the Berlin patient, both of whom received bone marrow from donors with the CCR5 mutation.


text:
byDan Robitzski
Shields Up!
Scientists: We Could Smash Existing Satellites Into a Killer Asteroid to Knock It Off Course
What if our asteroid shields were already in orbit?
For years, scientists have worried about what to do if or when a killer asteroid comes our way.
Experts have theorized all sorts of mitigation plans, ranging from knocking it off course with rockets, blasting them with nukes, or even tethering multiple asteroids together. But Airbus scientists commissioned by the European Space Agency (ESA) have a new plan, Space.com reports, and it involves sacrificing the satellites we already have in space — and using them like an orbital shield that deflects asteroids away from the Earth.
With some coordination, the scientists said, the satellites we're building today could be enough to stave off apocalypse tomorrow.
Teaming Up
The sky is already getting overcrowded with constellations of smaller satellites, but they won't be as helpful against a killer asteroid as the bigger, heavier duty satellites that we use for telecommunications or TV broadcasts, according to the research.
It's possible that the satellites that exist today could be redirected to form a sort of shield. But it would be easier, the ESA scientists told Space.com if satellites currently under construction got a few planetary defense upgrades before they're launched into orbit.
"These telecommunication platforms, in addition to being large and heavy, are also built with quite a high frequency," Airbus project leader Albert Falke told Space.com. "That means we can expect them to be available readily in the integration facilities [of satellite manufacturers]. That's something we can take for granted."
For example, if telecom satellites slated for launch were outfitted with a rocket and communications module that could carry them beyond geostationary orbit and intercept an asteroid earlier in its approach, it would take fewer satellites to save the planet because they wouldn't need to knock it quite as far off course. According to the research, just ten such telecom satellites launching a coordinated bombardment would be enough to send a 1,000-foot-wide asteroid — large enough to be cataclysmic — safely careening away.
READ MORE: Repurposed communications satellites could help save humanity from an asteroid impact [Space.com]
More on asteroid defense: The US Government Is Trying To Figure Out the Best Way To Nuke an Asteroid
X-Ray Vision
A New Satellite Can Peer Inside Some Buildings, Day or Night
Space Pirates
SpaceX Is Launching a Fleet of Pirate-Hunting Satellites
Playing Chicken
SpaceX Wouldn't Move Its Satellite to Avoid a Collision, Says ESA
9. 3. 19


text:
SS Normandie byla luxusní osobní dopravní zaoceánská loď provozovaná společností Compagnie Générale Transatlantique a pojmenovaná po francouzském území Normandie, na kterém se nacházel její domovský přístav Le Havre. V době spuštění na vodu (1935) a několik let poté byla největší osobní lodí na světě. Pro její velikost bylo nutné vybudovat nový velký dok ve kterém mohla být postavena a opravována, tento dok se nachází v Saint-Nazaire a jmenuje se dok Louise Jouberta, někdy podle lodi nazývaný dok Normandie.

Loď SS Normandie uskutečnila více než 100 přeplutí Atlantiku a pětkrát získala Modrou stuhu, ocenění za nejrychlejší přeplutí Atlantiku. Dvakrát ji získala při plavbě do Ameriky a třikrát při cestě do Evropy. V získání Modré stuhy byla jejím největším rivalem britská loď RMS Queen Mary.

Za druhé světové války byla loď zabavena v New Yorku americkými úřady a přejmenována na USS LaFayette. V roce 1942 při přestavování na loď pro přepravu vojska ji zachvátil požár a loď se převrátila na levý bok. Jelikož byly odhadnuté náklady na opravu lodi příliš vysoké bylo rozhodnuto loď v roce 1946 sešrotovat.

Kormidlový rám a peň z oceli vyrobila plzeňská Škodovka v roce 1933. Odlitek vážil 125 tun a patřil k nejtěžším, které Škodovka vyrobila v meziválečném období.

Externí odkazy

Osobní lodě
Francouzské lodě
Lodě zahájené 1931
Lodě spuštěné 1932
Lodě přijaté 1932
Lodě sešrotované 1946


text:
Q: Can not connect to sql database on azure from behind the proxy server in sql management studio? Recently i had deployed a website on Microsoft azure platform. I had configured SQL database on azure. I am working behind proxy server so i had registered my proxy server IP address to the Azure portal where i had enabled SQL server access to true and inserted my IP address so azure can allow me to access.
In my proxy server, i had pointed out SQL server name (given from azure) to one of local IP address for using it locally. When i had tried to connect with username and password provided by azure. I got following error message as find an image in attachment.

It has been displayed as a connection was successfully established but during pre-login handshake, an error is occurred that existing connection has been forcibly closed by the remote host. As i had registered my IP address in SQL azure portal for access.
Please suggest me a better way of it. As i am using free trial of azure right now so i could not generate any support ticket ticket right now.

A: This issue seems common if you are using the organizational network.Even if azure is getting your IP but still it does get changed when traffic flows through org network.Try to use global Ip address i.e; startIpaddress 0.0.0.0 EndIPAddress 255.255.255.255.


Sometimes, for musicians, it's easy for legal issues to be overlooked—but that doesn't make them any less important. In fact, copyright issues can present an enormous hurdle to your plans for your work, so it's important to be aware of the facts from the beginning.
If a copyright is automatic, why should I register a copyright for my music?
Image courtesy of Jase the Bass. Some rights reserved.
Copyright law states that simply by virtue of creating music, the owner holds the copyright to that music. However, there are two main reasons it is in a musician's best interest to officially register their copyright.
Registration creates a public record of the copyright, which includes optional contact information. This makes it simple for anyone to contact the copyright holder with any offers to purchase licensing rights to the music. Without this record, you could miss out on potential offers—not the best way for a musician to make a living.
If I write music, but my partner writes lyrics, who owns the copyright?
Without registering the copyright, the authors of a piece of music or a sound recording automatically own the copyright to that music or recording. It is when you register your copyright with the US Copyright Office that you can indicate whoever you like to act as the owner or owners: you, your writing partner, both of you, or even a third party (your recording studio or manager, for example).
The process works like this: You'll be asked, during your copyright registration, to specify each listed author's contribution. This is where you'll specify that you are responsible for the music, your partner is responsible for the lyrics, and if you like you can mention the person responsible for production, the sound recording, and any other aspects of the music.
Then, you'll be asked to specify the owner or owners. You can list any of the authors that you'd like; if you've mentioned your producer as the "author" in charge of production, you may list him or her as an owner, or you may not—it's completely up to you and the agreement you had with your producer.
Can our official copyright registration list my band name instead of the individual members of the band?
Your band can own your music's copyright outright, or each member's name can be listed individually.
If you've listed the band name as the author of the material (as opposed to listing the individual authors themselves), simply list that same band name as the owner of the material.
If you've listed the individual band members as owners of the music, as in the above example regarding third parties, you'll need to indicate that you have a written agreement between the authors and the organization listed as owner.
Both of these cases presuppose that all parties involved have written documentation indicating the individual band members and the band name.
Can we release a CD with cover material, as long as we disclaim any copyright ownership?
This is a tricky one. In fact, a cover song is legally considered a derivative work (one that is based on another copyrighted work), and one of the exclusive rights of a copyright holder is to create (or allow others to create) derivative works. Legally, you should obtain permission from the copyright owner before proceeding with your cover version.
This is such a prevalent issue in the music community that many musicians don't realize there is a legal issue with cover material at all. However, consider a few factors. One, nowhere in copyright law does it mention that attributing authorship to the proper copyright owner negates the requirement to ask for permission (although this is true of Creative Commons licenses). And two, think of this parallel—most people understand that it would be copyright infringement to write a Harry Potter sequel without permission from JK Rowling, so why would a song be any different?
You have brought up a quite amazing points , regards for the post.


text:
Obituary for Gladys May Gallimore Hudson
Gladys May Gallimore Hudson, 80 of Dublin, died Sunday, May 12, 2019 at her residence. She was born on July 30, 1938 in Pulaski County, and was the daughter of the late Bessie Anderson Gallimore and William M. Gallimore. Gladys was married to a self-employed dairy farmer having owned and operated the Triple H. Farms in Dublin alongside their two sons. She was a member of Calvary Chapel in Dublin.
In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by an infant daughter; Gladys Virginia Hudson; and her husband Harry H. "Buddy" Hudson, her sister; Pearl Lafon, and a brother; George "Allen" Gallimore.
She is survived by her two sons: George W. Hudson and his wife Julie of Dublin, and Harry H. "Butch" Hudson, Jr. and his wife Rhonda of Dublin: five grandchildren; Megan Melton and her husband Matt, Makayla "Kadie" Hudson, Harry H. "B.J." Hudson, III, George Isaac Hudson, and Ryan Hudson: a great-granddaughter, Oakley Melton. A brother-in-law, Wade Lafon of Pulaski, and a sister-in-law; Shirley Gallimore of Oakhill, WVa.
Graveside funeral services will be held Wednesday, May 15, 2019 at 2:00 p.m. at Thornspring Cemetery, with the Rev. Johnny Howlett officiating. The family will receive friends on Tuesday at the funeral home from 6:00 until 8:00 p.m. In lieu of flowers, expressions of sympathy may given in honor of Gladys to: Gideons International P.O. Box 140800 Nashville, TN 37214-0800. Online condolences may be sent to the family by visiting www.seaglefuneralhome.com Arrangements by Seagle Funeral Home, Pulaski.


Fashion design with this men's cotton twill shorts jeans: shorts are the perfect solution for guys who want a modern, slim short with more room in the seat and thigh. High quality denim fabric matrial for flipkart mens cotton shorts jeans: 98% cotton & 2%spandex, others. Quality of the mens cotton drawstring shorts: high permeability, waterproof antifouling, international YKK zipper, or can be customize with our customize unique design men's jeans. Comfortable and nice hand feeling with this men's cotton shorts: durable yet comfortable, agile straight fit men's jeans are comfortable in any weather.


text:
Q: Create a string of specified copies of a given string I am trying to iterate over the original string 3 times. The result I get is:
["a","b","c","d",undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined,undefined]
The correct result should be: ["a", "b", "c", "d", "a", "b", "c", "d", "a", "b", "c", "d"]
function makeCopies (str, howmany) {
  let newCopy = [];
   for(let i = 0; i <  str.length * howmany; i++) {
   newCopy.push(str[i])
   }
return newCopy;
}

console.log(makeCopies("abcd", 3))

I have tried many variations but nothing works, this is the closest I got.

A: JavaScript has a repeat Method on Strings. You can just use "abcd".repeat(3) and you will get "abcdabcdabcd". If you really want an array of the chars, you can spread the string into an array with [..."abcd".repeat(3)].

A: Javascript has a nice utility for this String.prototype.repeat. You can then split it on every character if an array is what you want.

console.log("abcd".repeat(3).split(""))

A: The length of the array is becoming 12 when you multiply str.length * howmany, and when it gets further than the fourth value it can't find anything and so becomes undefined.
A solution is you can wrap the main loop in another loop which will run howmany times.
function makeCopies (str, howmany) {
   let newCopy = [];
   for (let i = 0; i < howmany; i++) {
       for(let j = 0; j <  str.length; j++) {
            newCopy.push(str[j])
        }
    }
    return newCopy;
  }

  console.log(makeCopies("abcd", 3))

A:

const makeCopies = (string, count) => new Array(count).join(string).split('');

console.log(makeCopies('abcd', 4))

A: Why don't you use repeat() ?
const res = "abc".repeat(3); // abcabcabc

If you need it as array, you can:
res.split(""); // ["a", "b", "c", ...]

A: You are iterating outside the bounds of original string
str[i]; // i <  str.length * howmany;

Try create two cycles instead:
for(let i = 0; i < howmany; i++) {
  for(let j = 0; j < str.length; j++) {
    newCopy.push(str[j])
  }
}


text:
using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using Codeer.Friendly.Dynamic;
using Codeer.Friendly.Windows;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using RM.Friendly.WPFStandardControls;
using Codeer.Friendly.Windows.Grasp;
using Codeer.Friendly;
using Codeer.Friendly.Windows.NativeStandardControls;
using NotInstallProject;

namespace Test
{
    [TestClass]
    public class WPFListViewTest
    {
        WindowsAppFriend _app;
        dynamic _ctrl;

        [TestInitialize]
        public void TestInitialize()
        {
            _app = new WindowsAppFriend(Process.Start("Target.exe"));
            WindowsAppExpander.LoadAssembly(_app, GetType().Assembly);
            dynamic main = _app.Type<Application>().Current.MainWindow;
            _ctrl = _app.Type<WPFListViewTest>().Init(main._grid);
        }

        [TestCleanup]
        public void TestCleanup()
        {
            Process.GetProcessById(_app.ProcessId).CloseMainWindow();
        }

        void ResetConnection()
        {
            int id = _app.ProcessId;
            _app.Dispose();
            _app = new WindowsAppFriend(Process.GetProcessById(id));
            dynamic main = _app.Type<Application>().Current.MainWindow;
            _ctrl = _app.Type<WPFListViewTest>().Init(main._grid);
        }

        static WPFListViewTestControl Init(Grid grid)
        {
            WPFListViewTestControl ctrl = new WPFListViewTestControl();
            grid.Children.Add(ctrl);
            return ctrl;
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void TestSelectedIndex()
        {
            var listView = new WPFListView(_ctrl.listView);
            var index = listView.SelectedIndex;
            Assert.AreEqual(-1, (int)index);

            //selector.SelectedIndex = 3;
            listView.EmulateChangeSelectedIndex(3);

            index = listView.SelectedIndex;
            Assert.AreEqual(3, (int)index);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void GetItemEmulateChangeSelected()
        {
            var listView = new WPFListView(_ctrl.listView);
            var item = listView.GetItem(99);
            item.EmulateChangeSelected(false);
            Assert.IsFalse(item.IsSelected);
            item.EmulateChangeSelected(true);
            Assert.IsTrue(item.IsSelected);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void GetItemEmulateChangeSelectedAsync()
        {
            var listView = new WPFListView(_ctrl.listView);
            WindowControl windowControl = WindowControl.FromZTop(_app);
            var item = listView.GetItem(99);
            _app.Type(GetType()).MessageBoxEvent(item);
            var a = new Async();
            item.EmulateChangeSelected(true, a);
            Assert.IsTrue(item.IsSelected);
            new NativeMessageBox(windowControl.WaitForNextModal()).EmulateButtonClick("OK");
            a.WaitForCompletion();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void SelectedItemDriverTest()
        {
            var listEx = new WPFListView<ItemControlDriver>(_ctrl.listView);
            listEx.EmulateChangeSelectedIndex(0);
            Assert.AreEqual("0", listEx.SelectedItemDriver.Text.Text);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void GetItemDriverTest()
        {
            var listEx = new WPFListView<ItemControlDriver>(_ctrl.listView);
            listEx.EmulateChangeSelectedIndex(0);
            Assert.AreEqual("1", listEx.GetItemDriver(1).Text.Text);
        }

        static void MessageBoxEvent(ListViewItem item)
        {
            item.Selected += delegate
            {
                MessageBox.Show("");
            };
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When I taught college freshmen English, a lifetime ago, we used a textbook titled, Works in Progress. The concept was that any writing is a process of planning, researching, planning some more, writing, editing, and editing, and editing. We would require multiple drafts of the same paper from our students. We emphasized group critiquing to help them find their own mistakes better once they had the easier practice of seeing the mistakes in somebody else's writing.
Admittedly, my blog posts are thoughts I have prayerfully crafted to convey thoughts I feel the Holy Spirit has laid on my heart to share, but there is an immediacy to blogging that doesn't lend itself to the laying aside of a finished draft for the needed perspective that makes for truly great editing.
My fiction writing is different. Once I complete a novel, I have to let it set for a while before returning to it. I need the "this is my baby, so it must be perfect" feelings to wear off so I can more truly see the novel for what it is.
I know that there are as many ways to craft a novel as there are people out there trying to do it. Of course, there are core truths to a good story that any good novel should have. If you are new to writing, you should study the kinds of novels or writing you want to do to help you determine those elements and patterns.
Of course, my master's degree in English is with an emphasis on creative writing. I have even taught creative writing at the sophomore level at university. But, I always have new things to learn about improving this craft that I love.
My latest draft is a spin-off of my last novel, The Texas Stray. It is giving me fits because it covers themes and characters that are outside my comfort zone and experience. One character does not know Christ. Another is on the path to finding Christ again. The novel covers issues like divorce, alcoholism, and adultery because some of my characters are truly broken. My goal is to create a story that shows how God unbreaks us.
There are questions that keep me up at night about this draft. Can I do some of these subjects justice? I am not experienced first-hand with the three issues I just mentioned (by the grace of God). My main hope is to tell God's truth about these types of things without being judgmental or insensitive. I know it can be done because I have known people who have survived these things and held on to their belief or found their belief in the Creator.
My other worry is how I have labeled my novels so far. I call them Christian Fiction because God is at the core of the writing I do. However, do I mislead? In other words, even though it is possible to grow up in a household where people don't curse or get divorced or cheat at Monopoly (I know because I grew up in such a household), is it wrong to call a novel a Christian novel if some of the characters are not so good? What if even your main character says a bad word or makes a dumb decision?
These questions are especially perplexing to me with my latest draft because my main characters are really fallen people in a fallen world who have a hard time finding their ways to redemption. They have material distractions, a wavering moral compass, and holes in their souls they don't even know how to define, much less fill. In other words, I am telling a story that is largely overshadowed by what not to do. Does that make it a less Christian novel in some way?
As I begin the true editing process of this work, I have narrowed down the overriding themes of my first draft. Do I have too many or are they closely-related enough to work together? Most importantly, how do I integrate God's answers to my characters' struggles without it seeming to be "preachy" instead of being woven naturally into the narrative?
These are not questions I expect anyone to answer for me. I have to answer them myself. I offer them here as a peek through the looking glass that is the writer's process. It is a laborious task with very little benefit at the end of it for most. (There can be only so many Francine Rivers or Tracie Petersons out there.) But, I do it anyway because I feel compelled to write.
Like the essays my college freshmen grudgingly turned into their overworked TA so many years ago, this life of mine is too a work in progress. Thank YOU for joining me for part of the journey. This yoke we share is not a heavy one, according to the ONE WHO SAVES. May your burdens this day be light.


text:
International News | January 19, 2020
ESL Academy
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Taking Full Advantage of Professional Development: CPT, OPT & STEM-OPT
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Office of International Affairs | On 03, Sep 2019
CU Denver's International Students in Thriving Business Economy
"One of the best things is that Denver has a very strong job market; the city and state have a lot of work opportunities for international graduates who are on OPT and STEM-OPT ," recently graduated University of Colorado Denver alumnus, Mohammed Faraz Ali, enthusiastically explained. Born in India, Ali spent much of his childhood in Saudi Arabia. Upon graduation, he stepped up to Denver's thriving business economy with a master's in electrical engineering that included the study of energy and power systems, as well computer engineering and embedded system design, and the development of artificial intelligence.
During the Fall 2018 to Summer 2019 academic year, 475 international graduates from CU Denver | CU Anschutz Medical Campus were involved in Optional Practical Training (OPT) and STEM-OPT (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) employment opportunities. Within the past several years, work opportunities have been provided by dozens of Colorado companies and organizations, including CH2M Hill, Classico Design and Marketing, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Deloitte Consulting, KPMG LLP, Nasdaq, Oracle America Inc., Precision Construction Estimating, Western Dental and Orthodontics, World Trade Center Denver, Salient Power Engineering LLC, Wells Fargo, and more.
Ali's depth of knowledge and professional skills will continue to increase rapidly. He landed a job as a full-time Integrations Developer for the CU System, due to his internship performance and his eligibility for the United States' Optional Practical Training program. OPT provides up to one year of temporary work authorization for international graduates who are in F-1 visa status for employment that is related to their major area of study.
Ali appreciates that the CU System offered to hire him for OPT, and he is focused on providing excellent service. He would like to gain further professional experience for up to another two years by applying for a STEM-OPT extension.
"When I was selecting a school in the United States, I personally had four criteria," said Ali. "Those were: diversity, academic programs geared to careers, the on-campus and local job market, as well as beautiful views and location."
The University of Colorado Denver fulfilled all four standards. The institution also offers 55 STEM-OPT eligible degree programs.
As a student, Ali took full advantage of the multitude of opportunities provided by CU Denver, including Curricular Practical Training (CPT). Through CPT options, eligible students in F-1 visa status can access alternative work/study, internship, practicum, or cooperative education offered by sponsoring employers, in agreement with the university.
With the CPT program, Ali took on three part-time jobs on campus at different times: as a Teaching Assistant for the Department of Electrical Engineering; as a Transportation Coordinator for the Auraria Higher Education Center, and as a Student Assistant for the Office of International Affairs. He interned as a Dev Ops/Data Scientist at CenturyLink, a telecommunications company that became the largest ultra-flow-loss fiber network in North America in the summer of 2019.
Ali observed that many of the larger public universities in other U.S. cities don't have access to such an active job market, and international students may have to travel out of state for summer work. "With CPT through the University of Colorado Denver, you can continue to work throughout the year."
He also noted that in his academic program, he was able to earn credits from both the CU Denver Business School and the College of Engineering, Design, and Computing, adding those course credits to his degree. "That allows me to also do a job that is also more managerial."
Throughout his educational and employment journeys, he was helped by the welcoming team in International Student and Scholar Services.
"Faraz looked for opportunities while he was at CU Denver; he asked very good questions," observed Anna Inazu, ISSS International Services Specialist. "Additionally, in his role in the Office of International Affairs, he was always quite willing to help other international students."
When looking further down the road, Ali's vision for the future is to be a Data Architect for one of the top global companies, or to possibly start his own AI company. He highly recommends CU Denver to other international students who are considering an education in the U.S., "if you want to learn the skills that actually matter."
"All of the skills that I learned at CU Denver apply directly to my current job," said Ali. "Denver is quickly becoming a hub for IT in the U.S., and there are many OPT, STEM-OPT, and other types of job opportunities."
LearnMore
Optional Practical Training (OPT) and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) OPT provide significant short-term workforce advantages for international students as well as for business owners.
International Student & Scholar Services (ISSS), University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, plays a vital role in advising international students on employment-related rules and regulations, authorizing employment for students in F and J status, and providing resources to help students take advantage of the excellent employment opportunities that the Denver metropolitan area and beyond provide.
ISSS has created an informative video, Hiring International Graduates: Immigration Options, to provide employers with steps and to answer questions about hiring international graduates, including information regarding U.S. employment-based immigration. In this video, a panel of experienced immigration attorneys from Ogletree Deakins, Caplan and Earnest, and Stern and Curray, moderated by Michelle Larson-Krieg, Director of International Student and Scholar Services, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, walk potential employers through the following immigration concepts:
Why Hire International Graduates?
Optional Practical Training (OPT)
STEM-OPT Extensions
H1-B Basics
Changes in the H1-B Process
Setting the Stage for Successful Employment-Based Permanent Residency
More information is available for international students, parents, sponsors, and for employers on the ISSS Website; Phone: (303) 315-2230; E-mail: isss@ucdenver.edu
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About the Office of International Affairs
The Office of International Affairs (OIA) develops and advances initiatives that support the vision of the University of Colorado Denver as a leading public university with a global reputation for excellence in learning, research and creativity, community engagement, and clinical care. OIA partners with the university's schools/colleges and with other university offices to align international student recruitment efforts and services, support academic programs, foster global educational partnerships, facilitate research collaborations and create global learning opportunities.


text:
A chave de fenda sônica (em inglês: sonic screwdriver) é uma ferramenta multifuncional na série britânica de ficção científica Doctor Who, usada pelo Doutor. Como a TARDIS, tornou-se um dos ícones do programa e nos spin-off da série, como The Sarah Jane Adventures e Torchwood que replicaram suas funções em dispositivos como o batom sônico,  dinamitador sônico, caneta sônica, sonda sônica e modulador sônico.

A chave de fenda sônica foi introduzida pela primeira vez em 1968 e foi utilizada regularmente durante todo o período do Segundo Doutor. Tornou-se menos proeminente desde o início do período do Terceiro Doutor até 1977. Ela foi abandonada em 1982 devido às limitações causadas para escrever as histórias. Reapareceu no telefilme de 1996, antes de fazer um retorno completo na continuação da série em 2005.

Ao longo do programa, a chave de fenda sônica teve muitas versões diferentes. O equipamento também já foi destruído em várias ocasiões, levando assim à introdução de um novo modelo. Nem todas as encarnações do Doutor usaram a fenda sônica; o Quinto Doutor, de facto, optou por não substituir a sua depois de ser destruída.

Ligações externas
 Diagrama da chave de fenda sônica
 Lista de aparências e funções na série clássica
 Lista de aparências e funções na série 2005-2009 no SFX
 Efeito de som da chave de fenda sônica na série atual (MP3)

Introduções em 1968
Doctor Who
Tecnologia fictícia


text:
August 9, 2018 Book section Open Access
Errors and error management in biomedical research
Dirnagl, Ulrich; Bernard, René
The validity of biomedical research results has come under scrutiny that revolves around factors regarding the quality of these results. However, due to the complexity of the experiments involved, errors quite naturally occur frequently. They include quality-compromised devices, errors due to limitations of measurement, protocol deviations, reporting errors, and human errors caused by carelessness or moments of distraction during complex tasks. Additionally, there are errors of unknown cause, which makes it vital to communicate them and keep a record of them for further investigation.
A way of managing these errors is the "Laboratory Critical Incident and Error Reporting System" (LabCIRS), a software tool to record all incidents anonymously and to analyze, discuss, and communicate them. It has been adapted from the Critical Incident and Error Reporting System (CIRS), used in the clinical world to improve patient safety in complex, fast-paced, and often understaffed settings.
LabCIRS is a nonpunitive format devoid of emotional connotations, exclusively focused on how to avoid errors in the future. Errors are reported, viewed, and initially classified. Thereafter, a decision is made about the urgency of actions. After further discussion, measures to be taken in response are determined and entered into the system. They are
presented to the research group in question. A newsletter, issued on a regular basis, summarizes both errors and actions that were taken. No personal information or computer IP is ever recorded, ensuring the confidentiality of the reporter.
LabCIRS could be considered an essential model for any community seeking a systematic error-management strategy to handle quality issues that have become a matter of concern.
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Bookchapter Errors and error management in biomedical research_manuscript version.pdf
md5:d6dfb0590c6e7d454a22942b61c4ba67 879.4 kB
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preclinical Research quality critical incident quality management laboratory
How Could This Happen? Managing Errors in Organizations, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham (978-3-319-76403-0).
New versions:
Version accepted manuscript version 10.5281/zenodo.1406922 Aug 9, 2018


text:
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Manufacturing is about to begin on the façade for the mixed-use development at 447 Collins Street, in Melbourne.
Performance testing of the façade design was completed by CSIRO today and, as expected, the Yuanda products passed with flying colours. The project will now move into the manufacturing phase, with panels to begin arriving on site in early 2018.
Yuanda Australia delivered a nimble and timely response to late changes in the design of the façade, incorporated as an additional layer of safety and certainty following the Grenfell Tower fire in London.
Yuanda Australia's Technical Manager Gareth Winstanley said the company only used fire-resistant panels in its façades to avoid any local repeat of the London incident.
However, he said the company had worked with the building owner, CBUS, to introduce stainless steel panels on the exterior of the building, instead of standard composite fibre.
"The building will now have solid stainless-steel nosing, which boosts fire safety for the owners and tenants for the life of the building," Mr Winstanley said.
"While the previous design had already been approved by fire engineers, the client decided to request the last-minute change through a preponderance of caution.
"Yuanda Australia's market strength and technical expertise meant we were able to incorporate the change in material at a very late stage in the planning process, and make it function as it should.
Mr Winstanley said Yuanda had worked closely with American architects SHoP to turn their vision into reality.