1.1. This platform ("Platform") is available to all users ("User" or "You"), subject to these general terms and conditions ("T&Cs"). When You make a booking on the Platform or use the Platform in any other way, You acknowledge that You have accepted these T&Cs.
1.2. This Platform is owned and operated by Vacaciones eDreams, SL, a Spanish limited liability company, with registered address at c/ Conde de Peñalver, 5, 1º Ext. Izq., Spain, and Tax ID Number B-61965778 ("eDreams"). eDreams is registered in the Trade Registry of Madrid and holds a Travel Agency License granted by the Regional Government of the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain. According to the applicable laws, we inform you that edreams performs as an independent mediator, with no exclusivity relationship with any travel supplier.
Notwithstanding the above, if You are a consumer who pays the booking with a credit or debit card issued by a financial institution which is established in the US, the eDreams' subsidiary eDreams LLC will act as the collecting entity on behalf of eDreams and therefore it will be your agent in respect of your booking. eDreams LLC is a Delaware limited liability company, with business address at 3390 Mary Street Suite 116, Coconut Grove, Florida 33133, USA; it is registered as Seller of Travel in the following states: California CST2121263-50; Florida: ST38821; Iowa: 1293; Washington UBI: 603615148. *Registration as a seller of travel does not constitute approval by the state of California. California law requires certain sellers of travel to have a trust account or bond. eDreams LLC has a surety bond issued by the prosur group in the amount of $25,000. eDreams LLC is not a participant in the Travel Consumer Restitution Fund (TCRF).
1.3. The User acknowledges to be of legal age, having the necessary legal capacity to decide and bind himself through an agreement and using the Platform in accordance with these T&Cs, which are understood and acknowledged in full. The User shall be responsible for safeguarding any passwords provided by eDreams in order to enter the Platform, and guarantees that no unauthorized third parties shall gain access to them. The User declares that all information provided by them in order to enter the Platform, before and during use, is true, complete and accurate and warrants keeping this information updated.
1.4. This Platform is solely and exclusively for the User's personal use. It is prohibited to modify, reproduce, duplicate, copy, distribute, sell, resell, or exploit it in any way for commercial ends or equivalent purposes.
1.5. The User agrees to not use this Platform for illegal or improper purposes. In particular, the User accepts that the services purchased through this Platform are for their own use or consumption, or for the use and consumption of the persons in whose name they are legally authorized to act. The User may not resell the services purchased through this Platform to third parties. eDreams reserves the right to deny access to the Platform at any moment with no prior notice.
2.1. Through this Platform, eDreams offers search and comparison services of travel services which are offered by Travel Suppliers, as well as mediation services which enable the Users to actually purchase travel services in accordance with their preferences and choices. A purchase on this Platform means that You make an order to eDreams to acquire services from third parties for You, which implies a payment obligation. When You purchase travel services through this Platform, You will enter into two agreements: (a) one agreement between You and the Travel Supplier(s) relating to the provision of the travel service(s) required and (b) one agreement between You and eDreams relating to the provision of a mediation service. Unless expressly indicated, eDreams acts as an Agent for You and does not enter into any contractual relationship with You and/or the Travel Supplier relating to the services that You purchase on this Platform.
2.2. The term "Travel Supplier" includes, as appropriate, airlines, flight consolidators, tour operators, holiday package suppliers, hotels, hotel chains and hotel aggregators, insurance providers, car rental suppliers, car rental aggregators and cruise lines.
2.3. eDreams will assist You to purchase travel services, providing to You with mediation services and therefore acting on Your behalf with the Travel Supplier(s). It is important to note that Your travel service(s) will be subject to the terms and conditions of each Travel Supplier. We encourage You to check and read carefully the terms and conditions from each Travel Supplier before purchasing its products or services, especially those relating to cancellation fees. eDreams has collected the terms and conditions of the most frequent Travel Suppliers for You. Please check here. If Your Travel Supplier is not there, please visit its website to check its terms and conditions.
2.4. By using this Platform to purchase Travel Services, You authorize eDreams to act as Your agent during the purchasing process with the corresponding Travel Supplier(s), as well as for the payment of the products or services on Your behalf, to the extent as necessary, in order to ensure that the transaction between You and Your Travel Supplier(s) is performed correctly. For the provision of mediation services, eDreams will charge You a service fee the amount of which will depend on the travel service(s) purchased. In any event, eDreams will provide You with all necessary information, including total price of Your purchase before You will be bound by any agreement and/or any payment obligation.
2.5. Additionally to the above, the Platform may contain links or redirections to third parties' websites where relating products and/or services are offered: booking of hotel rooms, leasing of touristic apartments, rental of cars, pre-arranged travel packages, cruises, bus tickets, forfeits to sky, etc. These links or redirections may address to a totally independent website or to a micro website technologically managed by eDreams, depending of the current commercial partnerships at each moment. In both circumstances, if You purchase some product or service there, You will be bound by a direct agreement with the Travel Supplier, without mediation by eDreams. As a consequence, You will have to accept and apply the terms and conditions imposed by such Travel Supplier.
2.6. The total price of your order with the appropriate breakdown will be displayed once the search process, price comparison and selection have been completed and, in any case, before You finalise the booking by clicking on "ACCEPT AND PURCHASE". Prices are displayed based on the daily calculated rates offered by Travel Suppliers and can therefore vary on a daily basis. Likewise, applicable taxes, such as airport taxes may fluctuate on a daily basis. When You make an order, the price for the travel service is fixed at that moment.
2.7. When You have completed Your purchase order by clicking "ACCEPT AND PURCHASE", You will receive an order confirmation email, containing the summary of all details of Your order, as a confirmation that Your order has entered correctly in the systems of your Travel Supplier(s) and that Your payment will be processed. Our obligation to process Your purchase order is subject to having received Your payment in full. You will receive a second email, confirming that your purchase of the travel service has been properly processed and that Your payment has been received in full and will contain the e-ticket number. In the event that, for any reason beyond the influence of eDreams, Your order, partially or in full, cannot actually be processed, we will immediately contact You. Note that if you ordered a low cost flight, you will only receive one email containing both the order confirmation and the e-ticket number. In any case, please do not go to the airport if you have not received the e-ticket number for all the flights you have ordered.
2.8. We reserve the right to cancel Your order in the event that we can reasonably believe it is fraudulent – i.e., the payment method is not legally valid and/or you are not the legal owner of such payment method, among others. Under these circumstances, we will attempt to contact You, using the email address provided by You during the booking process, or through your bank. If we cannot contact You or your bank, your order will be automatically cancelled for security reasons.
2.9. We will inform You that the order confirmation email is the proof of Your contractual relationship with eDreams. This document will be filed in eDreams records and may be accessed by You at any moment, upon request.
2.10. In connection with particular options or special requests relating to the provision of travel services (e.g. specific meal on board, disabled facilities, child seats etc.), You have to take into account that eDreams will transfer Your requests and preferences to the Travel Supplier(s), but it will be necessary to wait for the Travel Supplier(s) coming back with confirmation. As a consequence, we expressly inform You that the request for any particular or special option may cause a delay to the confirmation of Your purchase. During this delay, we may not ensure that the service which You have ordered will be still available or the price will be still the same as shown at time of your order was made.
3.1.1. The chance to cancel or change a travel product or service purchased through this Platform, as well as the way to do so, will depend on the terms and conditions of your Travel Supplier(s), which are usually according to the sort of fare chosen (i.e. low cost fares do not usually allow changes or cancellations). eDreams can assist You to find out whether Your fare allows changes or cancellation and, if you wish, eDreams can also manage your request with your Travel Supplier(s), by charging a service fee of R 400 per person and route cancelled and/or changed. Please note that our services fees for managing cancellations and/or changes do not include the amounts eventually charged by your Travel Supplier(s), according to their terms and conditions. If you wish to order a cancellation or a change through eDreams, please contact us via our Help Centre. These requests cannot be processed by email.
3.1.2. We inform You that once your purchase is confirmed, the mediation service provided by edreams is considered as totally executed and therefore you are not entitled to use your withdrawal right anymore.
3.2.1. You will see total price of your order with the corresponding breakdown, once You have selected the Travel Services You want to order, which is before You will be bound by any contract or take any payment obligation. Such total price will include the price of all of selected travel services, including optional services, and eDreams' service fees. Please note that eDreams' services fees are non-refundable. This is because the service fees are charged for the mediation services provided by eDreams, which are fulfilled when the booking has been confirmed to You.
3.2.2. eDreams' service fees will vary according to the products or services included in your order, the channel used and other factors. In the event that Your order cannot be processed because You use a invalid credit or debit card, eDreams will charge You an additional service fee of R 400 and will provide You with instructions to make the payment of Your order effective. Once full payment has been made by You, the additional service fee will be refunded by deducting it from total price of Your order. You will not receive any of the services ordered until full payment has been received. Note that price of the services at the moment you completed Your purchase by clicking ACCEPT AND PURCHASE may change due to the elapsed time between completing Your purchase and the moment on which Your payment has been received in full. In such case, to process Your order You must accept the price of the travel service(s) which is applicable at the moment the full payment has been received. In the event that any problem arises relating to you payment, we will contact You within forty-eight (48) hours from your order (or within twenty-four (24) hours if You are traveling within forty eight (48) hours) and will instruct You to make the payment effective.
3.2.3. If you order includes one or more flights, be aware that some airlines will directly charge You, so payment to the airline(s) and payment to eDreams may appear as separate transactions on your bank account.
3.2.4. You can only use the payment methods as listed on the Platform. No other payment methods are accepted by eDreams.
3.2.5. All prices which are mentioned to You on our platform are including VAT or any similar value added tax (if due at all). Note that specific VAT rules are applicable to the provision of travel services, as well as the mediation regarding such services. This means that the amount of VAT included in the price of the travel services, as well as in the mediation fee (if any), depends on the destination of your travel as well as whether you are a private customer or customer with a VAT number.
3.2.6. For security reasons, You will be requested to enter your credit or debit card information each time you make an order, unless You expressly provide your consent to us to store such information for next purchases. This information will not be saved in our systems beyond processing Your payment and, as appropriate, processing claims for reimbursement of unreturned fees as set out in point 3.3. Please note that eDreams will need to share your credit or debit card information with the Travel Supplier(s) in order to formalise your order. All the information will be encrypted in a secure server. You authorize eDreams to use the information from your credit or debit card in order to (i) pay the products or services ordered and fees in relation with these products and services, (ii) pay the insurance premium, if applicable, (iii) manage refunds, when appropriate and (iv) pay post-booking services requested.
3.2.7. eDreams will also charge You with additional fees for using certain payment methods as stated by the applicable laws, i.e. if You use a corporate card or a tripartite system (American Express or Diners). Please note that our systems automatically detect the payment method which is actually used by You and the corresponding additional fees are charged, if any. Please, note that, If You pay with a credit or debit card which is held by another person than you, we will assume that You have previously requested the permission of the card holder. eDreams reserves the right, both on its own behalf and on behalf of the Travel Supplier(s) to send e-tickets, confirmations, e-vouchers and other travel documents exclusively to the card holder.
3.2.8. In certain cases, subject to prior contact with the Customer Service centre, You will be able to pay by bank wire. In these cases, there must be a difference of at least six (6) working days between the date of your order and the departure date of the ticket. By choosing bank wire as the payment method, eDreams will charge You the total amount of your order in one single payment. You must ensure that there are sufficient funds available to settle the payment. In the event of a returned payment due to lack of funds or any other reason, eDreams will charge You an additional service fee of R 400 and will immediately give You instructions to make the payment effective.
3.3.1. Refunds are subject to the Travel Supplier(s)' Policies, as the case may be. If You are eligible to be refunded according to such Policies, be informed that Your refund will be processed using the same payment method as used to pay Your order. Note that the air fares contain different elements and not all of them are refundable, so even if you are eligible to be refunded according to your travel supplier(s)' policies, the refunded amount may not be exactly the total price paid for your booking.
3.3.2. In the event that You have ordered a non-refundable and unchangeable flight, and You will not be able to use it, be informed that You may claim anyway a refund for some airport taxes which are included in the air fare. In case that You wish to request the refund of the airport taxes through eDreams, You may contact our call centre services. With this request, You authorize eDreams to carry out all necessary actions on Your behalf to be refunded. Please note that the deadline for requesting the refund of these airport taxes is twelve (12) months from the date of purchase of the tickets or six (6) months from the date of the flight, if this is later. For this service, eDreams will charge You with an additional service fee of R 400 per person, which will be deducted from the amount refunded.
3.4.1. You should check accurately with the relevant embassy about passport and visa requirements in advance. It is Your responsibility to be in possession of a valid passport and, if appropriate, a visa. Under no circumstances eDreams can be responsible if You do not have the right travel documents or permissions.
3.4.2. Every destination has its own requirements concerning entry formalities, vaccinations, etc. and these may also vary depending on the nationality of the passenger. We recommend that You obtain this information before planning your journey. eDreams cannot be responsible for incidents deriving from customers being non-observant of these official requirements. Some jurisdictions require birth certificates for all minors travelling. It is your responsibility to collect that information.
3.5.1. All tickets ordered through this Platform are e-tickets. The e-ticketing system is a paperless method to buy airline tickets. Once You have made your order, eDreams will send You a confirmation email with your flight booking reference number(s). Please note that You will not receive a paper ticket to show at the airport.
3.5.2. In this regard, we would like to inform You that every airline has its own rules and procedures regarding e-ticketing, and we would urge You to check these regulations before getting the airport. In any event, we recommend you always having a printed copy of your confirmation email containing your flight booking reference number(s), although not all airlines request to see it. Some low cost airlines apply extra charges if You do not print and show your boarding pass at the airport. eDreams recommends to accurately read all booking confirmation email specifications. You may need to check in and reprint your boarding pass again if your flight or passenger details change.
3.5.3. eDreams understands that the information provided by You is right and accurate, and can therefore not be responsible if your e-ticket does not arrive to your inbox due to an incorrect email, or goes into your spam folder. You must notify us immediately if You change your email or telephone number. You must also check that the name that appears on your passport coincides with the one mentioned on your ticket and/or booking confirmation.
3.5.4. In exceptional circumstances, due to the nature of the air tickets, eDreams may not be able to manage your order with the airline. If this occurs, we will attempt to notify You within forty eight (48) hours and issue a refund or offer You an alternative flight.
3.6.1. eDreams recommends You take out travel insurance for your travel. If You decide to purchase travel insurance policy through the eDreams Platform, your will conclude two separate agreements (a) one agreement between You and the Insurer which is relating to the supply of travel insurance, subject to the terms and conditions which are mentioned in the insurance policy and (b) one between You and eDreams which is relating to the mediation service regarding the supply of the travel insurance by the Insurer. eDreams will charge you the insurance premium plus applicable insurance premiums taxes (if any) on behalf of the Insurer and will also charge a fee for the mediation service. In any case, You will have access to the insurance policy before being bound by a contract or a payment obligation. We recommend to carefully read the terms and conditions of Your insurance policy.
4.1. All the content of this Platform (including, but not limited to, trademarks, texts, graphics, logos, button icons, images, audio files and software) is owned by eDreams or its content providers and is protected by national and international industrial and intellectual property laws. The compilation (understood as the collection, arrangement and assembly) of all content of the eDreams Platform is the exclusive property of eDreams and is protected by national and international industrial and intellectual laws. All software used on the eDreams Platform or belonging to its software suppliers is protected by national and international industrial and intellectual laws.
4.2. Any other use of the content on this Platform is strictly prohibited, including its total or partial reproduction, modification, distribution, transmission, subsequent publication, exhibition and/or representation. In particular, any type of use of the images contained on this Platform outside of this Platform is strictly prohibited without the express consent of eDreams and/or its suppliers.
4.3. eDreams and other names of products, services, graphics and logos of eDreams are internationally registered trademarks. The names of other products, services and companies mentioned in this document may be registered trademarks of their respective owners.
5.1. Passenger rights under Regulation (EC) 261/2004.
5.1.1. If You are traveling into or out of the EU, or using an EU airline, You may have rights which You can claim to the relevant airline in the event that your flight is cancelled, delayed or You are denied boarding. Please consult Regulation (EC) 261/2004 or contact our Customer Services Department.
5.2. Queries and complaints regarding your order.
5.2.1. Please contact our Customer Services Department if You have any query or complaint relating to your booking before your departure. If You have any complaint relating to a Travel Provider, please ensure that You formally start the complaint procedure before your return.
5.3.1. eDreams may amend or update these T&Cs at any moment, without prior notice. The current version of these T&Cs will be shown on the Platform when said changes come into force. Please consult the current T&Cs each time You make a booking on this Platform.
These T&Cs shall be constructed and governed by the laws of South Africa.
Please note that the contract of carriage will be set up between You and the airline and it will be subject to the airline's terms and conditions. eDreams only acts as intermediate in the purchase of your air ticket. It is IMPORTANT that You check the terms and conditions of your airline, since the air fare chosen could be unchangeable and/or non-refundable. Moreover, airlines may charge for ancillaries' services to the air transport service such as checked baggage, airport check-in, preferred seating, in-flight entertainment, food, drink and snacks, etc. Any charges for these additional services are not included in the price of your air ticket unless explicitly provided otherwise and must be paid to the airline directly. Please note that, if your flight includes more than one route, each one can be subject to different rules (i.e. for baggage allowances, visa requirements, etc.). This can happen even if the routes are operated by the same airline, but one route is international and the other is domestic.
Minimum check-in time for your flight. The recommended minimum check-in time for international flights is 120 minutes prior to departure and for domestic flights, 90 minutes before departure. Nevertheless, some airports and/or airlines may require a longer time.
If You have a return ticket, whether the airline requires You to reconfirm your return flight booking at least 72 hours before travel. If You do not reconfirm your return route directly with the airline, it could be cancelled.
In particular if You are traveling first class, whether there are special request regarding your seat.
In particular if You have chosen a special fare or better price, whether there are stopovers in your flight. Some itineraries require a change of plane during the trip. A flight described as "direct" is when there is no need to change of plane during the trip. Nevertheless there could be stops to refuel or drop off/collect passengers. The details of stopovers will be provided during the booking process and will be clearly identified both on the platform and on your itinerary, which we will send You when You make your booking. It is Your responsibility to organize the necessary visas, as may be required due to such stopovers.
If a passenger included in your booking is pregnant on the date of return, what is the specific airline's policy about this. For reference purposes, airlines normally refuse to transport women who are 28 weeks pregnant.
If a passenger included in your booking is a child, what is the specific airline's policy about this. For reference purposes, (i) children must normally be 6 weeks olds or more to travel by air and must either sit on an adult's lap or occupy an infant seat, while children aged 2 years or more must occupy a normal seat; (ii)minors between the ages of 5 and under 12 may not normally travel alone, unless the airline provides a special assistance – just for passengers between the ages of 12 and 17 – but this additional service must be paid separately and requested before confirming the booking through our Travel Agents.
Changes of passengers' names and/or last names. Note that if the details on the ticket do not match with your ID document, the airline can refuse You to board. Further to ensure that You have provided correctly all passengers' personal data during the online booking process, we recommend to check the airline's policy on this. For reference purposes, note that changes of names and/or last names are not generally allowed by airlines, but you will have to cancel your booking and make a new one if this happens.
In some cases, in order to provide special return fares, we combine two one-way fares on different airlines or on the same airline. This means that You will have two separate bookings (one for your outbound flight and one for your inbound flight) and each booking will have its own fare rules. If You need to cancel one of the flights, it is possible to keep the other. Any cancellations, schedule changes or other modifications to one of the flights will not affect the other flight, and the fare rules of the other flight will still apply. For example, if You cancel one of the flights, the other airline is not obliged to refund the other part of the journey and offer You a change of itinerary. You may incur costs of any change with the other flight if it is necessary.
In the event You chose a low-cost airline to fly, please check accurately the rules applying to your air fare, particularly the existence of ancillary services which are not included in the price of the air ticket and note that your flight may depart from a smaller, regional and/or secondary airport. The airport is always displayed before the purchase in flight details section.
We reserve a space on this Platform for travel providers that offer hotels and accommodation services. Please note that the booking of accommodation will be set up between You and such travel providers. eDreams does not intermediate in this transaction, but rather acts as an information service provider consisting of the provision of content or related search tools, according to EU directive on e-commerce.
Classification with stars. Please note that rules and criteria can be different between hotels and accommodation establishment of the same class in different countries, and even within the same country. Different countries have different regulations: a 3-star hotel in one country is not necessarily the same as a 3-star hotel in another.
Check-in/check-out time. Generally guests must register at a hotel or other establishment around 15:00 and check-out by 11:00 local time. Nevertheless, local variations may apply.
Pictures. We do our best to ensure that pictures of establishments and descriptions of facilities and services that appear on our Platform, as provided by the travel providers, are accurate, but we cannot guarantee this is always the case.
Location. We do our best to offer You the most exact information on a hotel's map location, as provided by the travel providers and/or Google Maps, but we cannot guarantee this is always the case.
Room types. Pictures and descriptions of room types do not necessarily represent the exact bed configuration of the room. For example, a triple room in North America may consist of a double bed and a single bed or a double room in Austria may consist of two single beds. In addition, there may be an extra charge for supplementary beds or cots.
Breakfast. Normally, breakfast is not included unless otherwise is specifically stated.
Local taxes. Some hotels may charge local taxes when you stay in.
We also reserve a space on this Platform for travel and non-travel providers that offer products and services such as cruises, car rental, leisure activities, etc. Please note that the purchase of these services will be set up between You and such travel providers. eDreams does not intermediate in this transaction, but rather acts as an information service provider consisting of the provision of content or related search tools, according to EU directive on e-commerce.


The Congressional Papers Section (CPS) met during the Society of American Archivists (SAA) annual conference in Washington, D.C. on August 15. The venue in the nation's capital provided session organizers a chance to bring in congressional staffers and gave the opportunity for archivists to visit with their congressional delegations. The most prominent theme of the day was "advocacy"—advocacy for the history of undocumented groups, advocacy for saving important data, and advocacy for congressional offices to keep and donate their records—and the various ways this can be achieved.
The final panel, moderated by Nathan Gerth of the Advocacy Task Force, focused on the idea and practice of advocacy, on which CPS has a new brief "CPS Advocacy Day 2018". The session featured "insider perspectives" from several Senate staffers from offices in various stages of archiving, along with the experiences of a repository archivist, Leigh McWhite of the University of Mississippi. It was an open and often frank discussion, which ranged from how we as archivists can advise offices better, getting the attention of the Member, useful communications strategies, why the word "archivist" still scares staffers(!) and what to do about it, to the challenges of finding the best and most suitable repository–even whether a repository will even want the collection. To the last issue, which McWhite joked was a "dirty secret," there may be institutions which have internal collecting policies that place limitations on what they can take and that there may be bureaucratic barriers on their end that prevent more active outreach.
Hopefully, attendees left motivated about new ways they can share and showcase their collections, work with legislators and their staffers, and why saving the CSS data (which can contain those communications and interactions with underrepresented groups!) may be worth it.
 The WVU CSS tool can be downloaded at https://github.com/wvulibraries/rockefeller-css. They have used Senate and House office data sets, one using the "Archival" download (limited number of fields) and the more robust "SDIFF" Interchange. More information about the tool can be found in the CSS Task Force report.
 Should be available on the CPS website.
The Electronic Records Committee (ERC) of the Congressional Papers Section (CPS) started a blog series in 2016 entitled "Ask a Systems Administrator," in which repository archivists working with congressional electronic records submit questions for systems administrators working in congressional offices. The goal with this project was to help congressional archivists better understand the congressional environment.
For the ERC's session on preserving and accessing CSS data held during CPS Day 2018, Committee member Elisabeth Butler of the Senate Historical Office put together a simple survey of U.S. Senate systems administrators (SA) and correspondence managers on whether offices were using CSS for purposes beyond managing constituent correspondence and casework. Her colleague, Alison White, presented a quick summary of the survey results at the session. The survey provides a snapshot of how congressional offices are currently employing their CSS.
The survey (built using the free version of Survey Monkey) was sent to the SA and correspondence manager listservs on July 23 and again on July 31. A total of 34 offices responded (answers were kept anonymous).
Question 1: Is your office using CSS beyond basic constituency work?
"I think we might use it for more things if the functionality was there…and if staff were more strongly compelled to use it"!
Question 4 was for those administrators who wanted to further discuss their offices' use of CSS with the Senate Historical Office's archivists.
Vik Kulkarni, a Senate Systems Administrator, who was on the ERC session panel, backed up these responses. Vik, who has set up several personal offices' IT systems, has found that staffers will often start using the CSS for document management because they find it better structured than the shared drives! They also find it a good way to keep "final" versions of documents organized and accessible. Want to know more about what Vik (and Lucy Shaw from the House side) said about the CSS? Check out the CPS Day 2018 recap.
In 2016 the Task Force on Technical Approaches to Email Archives was formed to "construct a working agenda for the community" and articulate "a conceptual and technical framework" to archiving email. A Task Force feature of note is that, alongside members from academic libraries and institutional archives, there are representatives from two private sector tech companies, Microsoft and Google. Its final report "The Future of Email Archives," is now out. The report's "primary objective…is assessing and recommending methods by which archivists can engage with these new…technologies as well as identifying gaps and recommending additional development." The report recognizes that, while most archives have a basic handle on capturing, preserving, and providing access to email, it's not yet done in a systematic way to become truly effective. It's not enough to have the shared goal of archiving email; there must also be a deployment of new techniques and approaches, complemented by advanced technology, and improved advocacy. The following is a synopsis and review of the report.
In the first section, the "Untapped Potential of Email," the Task Force observes that, far from being a dying medium, email is still pervasive and powerful, and still contains the important communications which archivists need to capture and maintain to fulfill their critical responsibility of preserving our history. It's imperative for archivists to understand email in order to become fully knowledgeable about their collections. The nature of email—it's ephemerality, size, tendency to disorganization, software requirements—means that it is fundamentally different from other electronic records. Among many other points made was that email is already changing traditional archival practices, in that it is drawing more repositories to acquire born-digital accessions. The following section, the "Email Stewardship Lifecycle," extensively goes through the email lifecycle model, with the associated preservation challenges and suggestions for managing each level.
The more technical and substantive material exists in the next three sections, which are about defining email, assessing the landscape of email preservation, and identifying problems and promulgating potential solutions. The section "Email as a Documentary Technology" explains an email's architectural characteristics (the structure of a message, operational and administrative features, software systems, and why email became so widely adopted), security vulnerabilities and their complications, and additional components (such as attachments and links). The next section, "Current Services and Trends", is an excellent summary of the state of email communications in today's society and how the IT industry and the archival/library community are addressing various challenges. Included are problems with email abuse and security (which can have a deleterious effect on ensuring authenticity) and the features industry is introducing to combat them (the report notes which solutions are the most and least valuable to archives). Also considered is the range of existing records management solutions and how useful they are (or not) to long-term email archiving, and the additional work the archival and library community has taken in capturing, authenticating, and preserving messages. This section notes that the archival community has already consolidated around disk imaging and various types of data exports as effective ways to capture emails. Discussion of current preservation tools and strategies are in "Potential Solutions and Sample Workflows." As the report states, "regardless of the chosen approach, tools should be able to exchange data regarding both the email and relevant preservation actions." The pros and cons of various preservation strategies, and suggestions for what a community data model should look like, are thoroughly discussed.
The report closes with the "Path Forward: Recommendations and Next Steps," which provides both short-term and long-term proposals in the areas of community development/advocacy and tools support, testing, and development, helpfully targeted to repositories of varying levels of electronic records archiving and tech-savviness.
The documenting of process should be central to any email preservation strategy, and is part of an overall need to develop new kinds of archival practices (such as aggregate description).
The openness of email that is key to its success and popularity is the primary complication of preserving it in the long-term, in accordance with archival principles.
Archivists should be aware that current "email archiving" industry solutions are largely geared to legal or records management issues of compliance, retention, and risk management, i.e. deletion of emails as soon as possible!
Since email is bulky and unorganized, automation (such as predictive coding) and even artificial intelligence in some form will play an increasing role in its management.
Scattered throughout the report are workflows/scenarios, term and format definitions, technical explanations, and case studies. One of the most valuable parts of the report is the series of appendices on email preservation tools and current email preservation research projects, including an automating system processes model. It's a great resource for those who want to know about the latest initiatives and standards in email archiving.
The report provides one of the most comprehensive assessments of the subject and many readers will find their challenges, concerns, and experiences with archiving email reflected and verified. It certainly succeeds in establishing an "interoperable toolkit" that provides useful information and solid ideas for creating or furthering an email archiving plan or strategy without getting bogged down by policy decision specifics or limitations of tools. The report not only "gets down in the weeds," but also considers the bigger picture by making connections between current technology and process and available financial and labor resources. The report is not a one-off but part of a larger Task Force program to secure stakeholders, follow up on promising approaches, and augment existing recommendations. The Task Force urges that, at whatever level you perform email preservation and access, you can achieve a workable solution.
You can download or purchase the report from the CLIR website (CLIR Pub 175).
 Officially announced at the session "Email Archiving Comes of Age" #201 on August 16, 2018 at the Society of American Archivist annual conference in Washington, D.C.
The Digital Archives Specialist (DAS) is one of two certificate programs available through the Society of American Archivists (SAA). Through both online and in-person courses, the curriculum is "designed to provide you with the information and tools you need to manage the demands of born-digital records." SAA provides excellent information on their website for those interested in checking out individual courses to meet a specific need and for those who want to pursue the DAS certificate. To earn a DAS certification, you must complete courses in four areas: Foundational (four), Tactical and Strategic (three), Tools and Services (one) and Transformational (one). SAA allows 24 months to complete the coursework, then up to five months after that to pass the comprehensive exam. All tests for individual courses are timed and taken online, with testing out of Foundational courses as an option. The comprehensive exam is taken the same way, but is only available during the months of April, August and December.
I've worked in the Baylor Libraries in Texas since 1995, first as a staff member in the fine arts library when I began my MLIS, and then as an assistant in library development when I completed my degree in December 2000. I moved to the W. R. Poage Legislative Library in June 2008, but didn't begin working with archives until five years after arriving. I was strongly encouraged by the interim Dean to take the Certified Archivist (CA) exam and passed in August 2016.
I decided to pursue the DAS certificate to increase my understanding of the digital records received by congressional archives and to make better decisions about what to digitize. The nuts and bolts of getting the certificate were not overly taxing. SAA requires that you take at least two courses in person; however, I ended up taking seven on site and four online. Two of the in-person courses were taught here at Baylor and hosted by the Poage Library. Hosting provided a good way for me to take two classes I needed, and also benefited other library staff members on campus. The farthest in-person course I took was in Kentucky. It was my last class and I wanted to take the comprehensive exam in April 2018, so I traveled for the timing to work out. The other courses were closer for me in Houston and Austin. Poage Library paid for most of the courses and I paid for travel.
Earning a DAS certificate facilitated my growth in knowledge of digital archives. I took courses in the essentials of electronic records – appraisal, arrangement and description, and preservation and access. I learned how to manage, curate and preserve digital archives. I even took a class on command line interface which was new to me, yet seemed familiar in an HTML kind of way.
What the process didn't do was teach me the technical skills to be my own digital archive shop. A few of the courses provided hands-on experiments with ingesting, arranging, and describing digital records. I did not possess a lot of technical skills other than HTML going in, and the DAS curriculum was not designed to teach them to me since the certificate requires only one "Tools and Services" course. I am very fortunate that at Baylor we have a digitization center with staff who possess the technical skills necessary to work with digital objects. However, they are not archivists trained in archival principles with an understanding of which artifacts possess significant research value, and are thus worthy of sustaining digitally across generations of technology. Digitizing material or retaining digital objects without applying archival principles is obviously expensive and unsustainable. The DAS curriculum has taught me to create the practices, procedures, and plans to complement and enhance the digital archives at my institution and library.
The DAS provided professional growth and will assist with my CA recertification. I am glad I made the effort to earn it, and I look forward to taking more courses next year to meet the 5-year recertification. Never stop growing. Never stop learning!
 Society of American Archivists. Digital Archives Specialist (DAS) Curriculum and Certificate Program. https://www2.archivists.org/prof-education/das Accessed July 28, 2018.
 A number of courses have been added since I started in October 2016, and will make it easier to complete more classes online.
 DAS courses can help with learning technical skills with classes such as Advanced Digital Forensics for Archivists, Research Data Curation, Preservation Formats, Tool Selection and Management, and Archival Collections Management Systems.
Electronic Records Modular Manual: Two More Modules!
The Electronic Records Committee (ERC) of the Congressional Papers Section is pleased to announce a new set of modules for its electronic records manual.
The modules, by new entrants John Caldwell (University of Delaware) and Nathan Gerth (University of Nevada), are on workflows involving BitCurator (a suite of digital preservation tools) and a descriptive tool for digital records called Brunnhilde. The BitCurator module sets out the steps needed to create a disk image, and the Brunnhilde module explains how an appraisal report can be generated from a disk image. Because these modules work with different aspects of disk images using BitCurator, they closely complement each other. BitCurator is an important resource in the archival community and we are pleased to have some examples of possible workflows for it. The modules feature diagrams, screenshots, and command line instructions, and cover the areas of accessioning and description. These modules bring our collection to 15!
The idea of the modular manual is to provide documentation for a possible method to address a need in an electronic records workflow. An institution can mix and match them to create an electronic records workflow that meets its needs. Community members are invited to contribute their own process documentation. The goal is to build up a collection of modules that offer alternatives to each task that makes up the electronic records workflow, from donor discussions through access.
Modules are offered separately or complete in a PDF portfolio.
When formulating this initiative, the ERC put together an outline for further modules. Please contact the ERC if you would like to contribute a module and we will provide you with suggestions.
Alison White, of the Senate Historical Office, and other current or former Congressional archivists, participated in a session on issues involving digital preservation of congressional records at the National Digital Stewardship Alliance's Digital Preservation conference back in October. Instead of doing just a regular blog post about the session, she put together a special "storify" of the archivists' tweets.
Alison's complete post can be found here.
One of the core functions of the U.S. Congress is to represent the views and needs of constituents. Members of Congress serve as constituents' connection to the federal government, representing constituents, state, and local issues while debating legislation of national importance.
Constituent correspondence, or issue mail and casework, has traditionally been maintained as voluminous paper files (and sometimes microfilm), but since the late 1970s, Congress has employed computerized systems. As systems have become proprietary and grown in complexity, the exported data poses real challenges to the archives and libraries seeking to preserve the documentation of this crucial relationship between constituents and their representatives.
Without a strategic effort by the archival community to process, preserve, and provide access to constituent data, an entire body of historical documentation of American democracy is in danger of disappearing.
With this reality in mind, the Congressional Papers Section formed the CSS/CMS Task Force in August 2016 and charged it with investigating the issue and making recommendations. Over the last year, the Task Force has pulled together the most comprehensive report to date about Constituent Services Systems (CSS) in the Senate and Correspondence Management Systems (CMS) in the House of Representatives.
The report provides an overview of how CSS and CMS developed over time, which vendors and systems are currently in use, how systems are deployed in congressional offices, and how data is transferred and exported. It looks at the common obstacles faced by archives and libraries that receive the data and the ways in which archivists have been trying to address these challenges. It also provides a list of academic work that has relied on analog constituent correspondence, while noting the vast potential for research, both inside and outside the academy, with constituent data.
Finally, and most importantly, the report provides guidance for short- and long-term management and preservation in collecting repositories. The short-term guidelines provide instructions for conversations with congressional offices about constituent data, as well as basic born-digital best practices to ensure data is stored safely.
In the long-term, the report recommends a vested advocacy coalition to support management guidelines in member offices, in commercial vendors working with congressional offices, and in collecting repositories, and it calls on the community to develop a technological solution for processing, preserving, and providing access to constituent data that will benefit both large and small repositories.
The Report is available here under "Other Resources-Political Papers" and on the CPS site.


You all fill my HEART with HAPPY!... Thank You for your Friendship, Love, Kindness, Support & Fabulous Art for ME to enjoy!.. LOVE you all!
No moss grows on your stones, ever busy I see. This is a wonderful piece Suzie. I wondered where you were off to, I figured you were somewhere bringing your wonderful light upon the masses.
No worries I know how it is. Certainly understand how times have changed things, seems a lot of that going round. I am use to it.
Aww, Thanks Dear, Tricia!... Means a lot!
This is so lovely! I love to color and download images from Pinterest and print them, just so I can color them. I find it keeps my busy mind focused and really helps me!
We love you too, Missy!
Funny woman! Why do you think I print more than one copy. If I don't like how it looks I just figure it is "practice." I also found it works better if you start with the lighter colors first then sort of layer the darker colors onto that base of light colors. In layers that get gradually darker. I love it! Just a big kid, I guess.
It is a given, if it doesn't bring us joy or peace, or even a sense of fun, we shouldn't do it. However that is also how we become more proficient as well.
You really tickle me sometimes! Paper is different. I used to do Ceramics years ago, literally like almost 40 years. OMG! It has been a long time. I loved it but it was expensive to do; raising a child on my own so I didn't do it for a real long time. I did some Dry-Brushing as well, on some owls that I gave away as gifts. But I remember as a kid one of the things that made me happy was to color. So I do it now too.
Bless your heart! Being ill makes it much harder to focus and I know how weak people get when they have pneumonia as well.
Hi Babe, So nice to visit with you tonight... I LOVE doing Ceramics... I Love to pour Molds, Under glaze them & Fire them... I used to work in a Ceramic Shop... I'm so Happy that coloring brings you so much JOY!... What brings me JOY, is seeing your NEW Fractals.... HINT... HINT...... LOL!... Love ya, Missy!
It is very relaxing, to work with Ceramics. I will make more fractals, just for you!
So carefully done - delightful effect.
absolutely brilliantly fabulously beautiful diamond masterpiece!!!!!
...how lovely, wonderful work! Best luck for the contest!


text:
New blood test may help detect early-stage lung cancer when surgery is still possible
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is often fatal because most cases are not diagnosed until they are so advanced that surgical intervention is no longer possible. To improve outcomes researchers are developing a blood test to detect lung cancer earlier in the disease, when a surgical cure is still possible.
Read more about New blood test may help detect early-stage lung cancer when surgery is still possible
Caesarean section births rise rapidly to more than 20% worldwide
New research published in The Lancet has shown that rates of caesarean section births worldwide have nearly doubled to 21% between 2000 and 2015, with often life-saving surgery unavailable to many women in poor countries while often over-used in richer ones.
Read more about Caesarean section births rise rapidly to more than 20% worldwide
New blood clot clinical care standard targets one of the biggest killers in Australia
Preventable blood clots kill four times more people that road accidents, with venous thromboembolism (VTE) – in the deep veins of the leg (deep vein thrombosis) or in the lungs (pulmonary embolism) – putting 30,000 Australian lives at risk each year. This month a new nationally agreed standard of care has been released, aiming to reduce the death toll.
Read more about New blood clot clinical care standard targets one of the biggest killers in Australia
New research suggests men place less value on care-oriented careers like nursing
Men assign less importance to care-oriented careers than women do, possibly because men internalise different values compared to women, according to new research from the University of British Columbia.
Read more about New research suggests men place less value on care-oriented careers like nursing
Is Alzheimer's caused by herpes?
Herpes is the "gift that keeps on giving". But could it also be taking our memories? Decades of research show a striking correlation between Alzheimer's disease risk and infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) in people carrying a specific gene. Now, newly-available epidemiological data provide a causal link between HSV1 infection and senile dementia.
Read more about Is Alzheimer's caused by herpes?
Pre-eclampsia could triple the risk of some forms of dementia later in life
Women who suffer pre-eclampsia during pregnancy have a higher risk of dementia in later life, a new study suggests. Pre-eclampsia is associated with an increased risk of later dementia, particularly vascular dementia, caused by reduced blood supply to the brain due to diseased blood vessels, finds a large cohort study published by The BMJ.
Read more about Pre-eclampsia could triple the risk of some forms of dementia later in life
Nurses "eyeballing" patients in ED is better than triage
Simply eyeballing a patient may be more effective than using a formal structured assessment (algorithm) to prioritise those who are the sickest and therefore most in need of urgent medical attention, finds research published online in "Emergency Medicine Journal".
Read more about Nurses "eyeballing" patients in ED is better than triage
New test rapidly identifies antibiotic-resistant superbugs
The availability of antimicrobials to treat infections is at the heart of modern healthcare. It enables health professionals to safely deliver interventions, such as surgery and chemotherapy, and allows patients to live longer and healthier lives. However antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is developing faster than new antimicrobials can be developed or discovered. Now researchers from the University of California Berkeley have created a simple and inexpensive new test that can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria in only a couple of minutes, an innovation which could help doctors prescribe a specific antibiotic for each infection, limiting the spread of antibiotic resistant organisms.
Read more about New test rapidly identifies antibiotic-resistant superbugs
Metro South Health wins a hat-trick of global hospital awards for digital health innovations
Brisbane's Metro South Health has cemented its reputation for trailblazing digital health innovation, blitzing the field and taking out a hat trick of awards to be recognised as a global leader at the prestigious International Hospital Federation Awards.
Read more about Metro South Health wins a hat-trick of global hospital awards for digital health innovations
Doctors look after our mental health but who looks after theirs?
When medical students enter university, their mental health is no different from that of the rest of the population. Doctors learn early in their training to mask their pain, to hold the line, to come across as stoic, to turn up ready for work come what may, and never to admit to their vulnerabilities. By the end of their first year, however, it is significantly worse. Stress accumulates throughout their training and, for many, things do not improve as they progress through their careers.
Read more about Doctors look after our mental health but who looks after theirs?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hey big spender: Rio Tinto secretary jailed after funding luxury lifestyle with corporate credit card fraud
A secretary who stole more than $339,000 from Rio Tinto to fund a luxury lifestyle including first class domestic and international airline tickets, dinners, alcohol and concert tickets has been sentenced to three-and-a-half years' jail.
As a senior secretary at the mining giant, Kylie Thompson, 34, of Sunbury, was responsible for booking company flights and accommodation, ordering taxis and couriers, and general administrative duties.
She had access to a corporate credit card and over a period of five years she used it to steal $338,901.67 from Rio Tinto in 375 fraudulent transactions, until anomalies were detected in August 2010 and Thompson was sacked.
Thompson pleaded guilty to seven charges of obtaining property by deception and five charges of obtaining financial advantage by deception.
The Victorian County Court sentenced her to three years and six months' jail with eligibility for parole after 18 months.
Judge Wendy Wilmoth said Thompson created fictitious expenses for flights or accommodation attributed to another employee and channelled refund payments from conference venues due to be paid to Rio Tinto into her own bank account.
"The deceptions were difficult to detect and indeed were not detected until anomalies were identified in April 2010," Judge Wilmoth found.
Wilmoth said colleagues, family and friends had been "shocked" to learn of Thompson's offending as she was "universally regarded as a hardworking person, a good friend, a loyal daughter and sister".
The court heard that Thompson had no prior convictions, and none of her family had ever been in trouble with the law.
Soon after Thompson was sacked, but before she was charged, she made a complaint to Rio Tinto that she had been sexually harassed by a manager in the UK division of the company.
Thompson claimed her offending escalated at the time of the alleged sexual harassment and the allegation is being investigated by police.
"Your actions were a gross breach of the high level of trust placed in you, committed over a long period of time, and others must know that such behaviour will be firmly denounced by the courts and punished appropriately," Judge Wilmoth found.
Thompson has already paid back Rio Tinto $102,000 through a loan from her parents and was ordered to repay the $236,901.67 remainder of what she stole.
The court also ordered a forfeiture order in relation to items seized.
Rio Tinto spokesman Bruce Tobin told SmartCompany the firm did not tolerate criminal behaviour in the workplace.
Tobin says a "thorough" internal investigation was undertaken by Rio Tinto when Thompson's suspected criminal conduct was discovered and all relevant information was provided to Victoria Police.
"Rio Tinto co-operated with Victoria Police throughout the criminal investigation and prosecution," Tobin says.
"Rio Tinto investigates all allegations and suspected breaches of its policies and the law.
"Rio Tinto sought further information from Ms Thompson's lawyers regarding her sexual harassment allegation, but nothing has been forthcoming.
"Rio Tinto will co-operate fully with any police investigation."


text:
Q: How to create a user in MongoDB v3.0.5 I need to create a user for my database in mongodb, but it seems that I can't get it to work.
I have installed mongoDb v3.0.5 on my windows 7 machine. according to this article, I connected to my mongo instance using:
mongo -u siteUserAdmin -p password

and then I created first user via:
use admin
db.createUser(
  {
    user: "siteUserAdmin",
    pwd: "password",
    roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
  }
)

then I created a user for my nodejs application on exampleDb:
use admin
db.createUser(
  {
    user: "myUser",
    pwd: "123456",
    roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "exampleDb" } ]
  }
)

and finally in my nodejs application, when I try to connect to my mongo instance using this connection string:
var connString = "mongodb://myUser:123456@127.0.0.1:27017/exampleDb";

an Authentication failed error happens:
{ name: 'MongoError',
  message: 'Authentication failed.',
  ok: 0,
  code: 18,
  errmsg: 'Authentication failed.'
}

A: When you "use admin", your new user is created in database "admin".
use admin
db.createUser(
  {
    user: "myUser",
    pwd: "123456",
    roles: [ { role: "readWrite", db: "exampleDb" } ]
  }
)

So your connection string  must be as:
var connString = "mongodb://myUser:123456@127.0.0.1:27017/admin";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Crystal Cruises has formed a partnership with Magic Castle in Hollywood to perform magic shows at sea. The magic shows begin July 23 on Crystal Symphony and Aug. 6 on Crystal Serenity. The partnership was announced as Crystal honors its top-performing travel agents at its annual gala cruise from Istanbul this week.
Magic Castle, a private magicians club, will perform shows with just 20 guests to ensure up-close views of the tricks. The partnership also will offer complimentary classes for adults, enrichment on topics like Houdini, and children's shows on select sailings. The magic shows will be performed on 13 Europe cruises this year and every voyage in 2013.
Like Magic Castle, the magic shows on Crystal will be "invitation only," with advance tickets available at the ships' libraries. There will be multiple half-hour performances several nights during the cruise. After the cruise, the invitation can be used for admittance to Magic Castle in Hollywood.
Crystal also gave agents a preview of its 108-day 2015 World Cruise, which will be a full circumnavigation of the globe round-trip from Miami. The voyage on Crystal Serenity will traverse Central and South America, the South Pacific, New Zealand, Australia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa and the Caribbean. Six segments range from 15 to 21 days.
The 2015 World Cruise will be Crystal's 20th and will mark the beginning of the luxury line's 25th anniversary. Eleven overnights are planned, including double overnights in Auckland and Cape Town. Maiden calls are scheduled for Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; Albany, Australia; Ambodifotra and Taolagnaro, Madagascar; and Richards Bay, South Africa.


text:
Native rightsActivismWealth and inequalityCitizens UnitedRenewable energy
"You Fly to the Edge of the Tar Sands, and … No Life": A Montana Professor on the Issue of Our Time
George Price on his permaculture farm on the Flathead Reservation north of Missoula, Montana.
Photo by Sarah van Gelder
University of Montana professor George Price on permaculture, race, and how he's standing up to tar sands extraction.
By Sarah van Gelder
I learned about George Price when I got to Missoula on August 21, as I was beginning my Edge of Change roadtrip, and began asking around about the megaload protests. A few years back, I'd heard about a group of grandmothers and native people who had round-danced and sat down in front of the trucks carrying giant equipment up the highway toward the Alberta tar sands. I wanted to meet these people and hear their stories. Several people said I should talk to George Price, a University of Montana professor of African American and Native American Studies and one of the organizers of the protests. Price lives on the Flathead Reservation, and I was thrilled when he invited me and a couple of the grandmothers to visit his permaculture farm.
Sarah van Gelder: Let's start with the present. What is the Indian Peoples Action and how did it form?
George Price: It's a Montana-based organization working on multiple fronts: native rights, anti-discrimination, the unjustice in the justice system. Native people make up a little over 6 percent of the population of the state of the Montana, but over 30 percent of the incarcerated population.
At the first action, we learned that you don't ask permission to block traffic.
Voting rights is another area, and last year we won a case so that there now has to be at least one on-reservation polling place.
But my involvement began a few years ago on the other major issue, which is the environment—and primarily climate change resistance and fossil fuel resistance. Coal is a big one in eastern Montana; it's right in the face of the Crow and the Cheyenne people. A little ways away, you have the Assiniboine Nation of Fort Peck, also with coal activity nearby. And now fossil fuel activity around them has increased, spreading from the Bakken area in North Dakota, just over the border. The Fort Peck Reservation is dealing not only with an increase in oil and fracking around them, but also the laborers that show up and do a lot of carousing when they're not working—assaulting native women, and bringing more alcohol and drugs into the area.
Montana has been kind of a corridor for tar sands equipment and products, going both from the West Coast up the Columbia River into the tar sands, and going from Alberta to refineries in eastern Montana and central Montana and to wherever they can sell it. All the way to the Gulf of Mexico. But also they're trying to get to the ports in Washington state. I formally joined IPA after we'd worked together on some Idle No More protests, when the megaloads were coming through in 2013 and 2014. We went out into the street and stopped the trucks.
The two biggest protests were a little more than half native, and the elders were at the forefront. We had wide representation from all demographic groups and went through some interesting learning experiences, including how to deal with the police.
Price on his farm. Photo by Sarah van Gelder.
van Gelder: How did the different demographic groups get along together, in that first interaction?
Price: I think it was ideal. There was a lot of humility and willingness to cooperate. Good heartedness I felt all across the group. I'd say 90 percent of the people there were doing their first public protest action. That's where I think a lot of the humility came from: people—especially young people—who had never done anything like this before. And those of us who had done other kinds of actions, like picketing against Monsanto or whatever back during the Vietnam War, had never stood in front of an amazingly gigantic vehicle in the middle of the street before.
At the first action, we learned that you don't ask permission to block traffic. You just go out and do it. I was designated as what they call the police liaison, and my job was to be the first in the street to go up to the police. Not only did they have Missoula police, but they had their own private security guard company. They looked like soldiers. And so I said, "We would like to have permission to just do a Round Dance." That was our planned tactic: to Round Dance in the middle of Reserve Street, the biggest street in Missoula, and at least delay while we could possibly say some words. The media that we called in advance and some bystanders could read the signs and just know that there was an issue here with these vehicles coming through Missoula in the middle of the night.
The first time they didn't give us permission. So we slowly got off the road, and the drummers and singers with us, singing at that point, and then we just round-danced right up the edge of the road.
The second time, we just went out into the street and began singing and round-dancing immediately. And they allowed us about 20 minutes altogether, including a five-minute speech by Charles Walking Child.
There was an article in the Missoulian in April asking why we haven't seen any of those megaloads since that last protest. They decided to break up the loads into smaller vehicles that could get under the freeway overpasses, and just move them with regular traffic. So they've been taking the disassembled equipment that way to Alberta, and then they created manufacturing plants that put them together into the large size.
van Gelder: That's sort of a victory, right?
Price: Victory or no victory, however you look at it, it costs them to restructure their whole process.
van Gelder: So you all were there in the winter in the middle of the night, in the dark and the cold, standing out there on the street waiting for these gigantic pieces of equipment to come through. What was that like? It sounds a little daunting.
You fly right to edge of the tar sands and see … just miles and miles of total devastation. No life.
Price: I was shivering from cold and from nervousness! There was a lot of excitement and good feeling among the people. You look around at the crowd and into each other's faces, and you see the positive side of humanity—brother and sister. It was like a reassurance. So we had that going for us, and some hot coffee and tea. We were ready for it. But I would be amiss to say we weren't a little scared, too.
van Gelder: It seems like there are so many issues besetting the native communities all across the country. How does a group that is so embattled take on this big question for the whole of humanity?
Price: I think, especially for land-based tribes—tribes that still have remnant parcels of their homelands reserved out of what was stolen—there's this ancestral tie that lets them know on some level that if the fossil fuel companies have their way, they'll take their actual source of life.
The money world that we're forced to participate in and work for is not really the source of life. It's kind of a distraction they have to indulge in to some degree. There's high unemployment on reservations, but [being] unemployed for money doesn't mean people aren't working; they're still doing subsistence activities: hunting, fishing, growing crops, cutting firewood. People are still connected to that and to the deep spiritual meaning of relationship to the land as caretakers of the land. They are cognizant of our interconnectedness.
The other thing that's happening at this time is the leadership of the women, and that has its roots in the destruction of male roles by the reservation system. Tribes did have gender-based activities. That was just a norm. You find exceptions, but you have coming-of-age ceremonies that lay roles out clearly. But within that, you have these elder women now who teach people that our issues, first and foremost, are keeping our land and our water, because everything else crashes in that crazy world out there. Their society, their money, their currency and technology will someday become worthless, and everybody will only have to answer to the Earth. Especially, the tar sands are such a traumatic example of Western technological capitalist society gone wrong.
Anybody, no matter how much of a brainwashed capitalist you are, can see this from the air. You fly right to edge of the tar sands and see the beautiful boreal forest and the lakes everywhere up in that northern section, and then just miles and miles of total devastation. No life. I mean anybody with any sense that nature might be a little valuable, any sense that trees are kinda nice, looks at that and gets a message—a really strong message.
George Price holds a photo of his multiracial family. Photo by Sarah van Gelder.
van Gelder: Could you give me a little of your own background?
Price: I came from a very multiracial family: African, European, Native American. As I've done more research in my field of early American intercultural relations, I found that my family wasn't that strange. We knew a lot of people like us among our immediate circle of friends and relatives. This is American history. The people on the East Coast—in New England in our family's case—were the first to contact the folks from across the Atlantic Ocean and they have the longest history of interaction with them, including with the Africans who came with them.
I just finished a book—it's at University of Massachusetts press—that covers a lot of this. There were abolitionists in the family and five generations of activists, going back to Indian land rights activism in colonial Massachusetts.
By the time I was about 14 or so I began to identify more with my native heritage, and then as an African. I knew I wasn't a white man! My goals were not to integrate myself and conform to industrial white society. By that time, I was more of a hipster. By 1965 I was ready to do alternative living. I left Los Angeles in 1970, right after I dropped out of college the first time, and went up to Washington [state] and joined a commune.
van Gelder: How did you know that you didn't want to integrate into white industrial society?
Price: Unlike a lot of marginalized, oppressed people of color, my family was kind of well-off. My grandparents were middle-class Americans with good jobs. Grandfather was a career postal clerk and president of the colored chapter of the postal workers union. My dad tried to build on that and become wealthier than his previous generation. Then I came along, and said, "What's the point?"
One thing about college students is they haven't totally committed to the American dream yet.
I think it's really the last five or six years where I woke up to what's really happening with the climate; this has got to be the number one issue for everybody. Ultimately, we have to create the alternative economies, the alternative ways of survival—not like survivalists as portrayed by the media, but the people who can, grow your own food, make your own clothes, have your own energy sources and maybe rethink how much you need to travel. At least temporarily, we need to put some of this excessive consumption, excessive production on hold, and get the Earth to some kind of climate stability. Then we would have time to reevaluate all of this highfalutin technology and say, what do we miss now that we've been two or three decades away from it? What do we really need?
I think people will be surprised, just like I was—a city kid, my first time living away from the city, living in the woods. I was scared a little at first. Then I said, "Wow this is great! We're growing our own food, we're learning what kind of berries grow in the forest, we've got clean water coming through streams like I've never seen before."
There's a lot of dreaming here, but I think it can be facilitated through first creating the alternatives that allow people to boycott mass-produced, unsustainably produced goods. We're beginning with the local food movement. That's been the closest to this vision, and then recycled product buying like Home Resources in Missoula, where you can get all the scrap stuff you need to build things with.
This is a hard sell, I know, for most people. Even a lot of progressive people have been so conditioned by our life experiences and advertising. It's just the last direction most anybody in the society would go in: To go smaller? Anti-growth? Non-growth? Reduced consumption? Downward mobility? I'm taking the pitch to campuses a little more, and starting to give a few talks.
van Gelder: How do the students respond?
Price: Well, you've got all kinds. You got people in shock. You got people resisting. One thing about college students is they haven't totally committed to the American dream yet. There's still a little hope for them until they go to grad school. Slowly but surely you're having many other voices starting to reinforce that what has become obvious to some of us is now becoming a possibility, to others.
van Gelder: Since I've been tracking the climate movement, there was a time when it was kind of a white-led movement. Increasingly now, I'm hearing people say, "No, you can't actually do it that way. You need to be talking about racial justice." How do you frame the most successful way to move forward on the climate?
Price: I'm glad you brought that up, because what I said previously about equality almost sounded like I'd abandoned racial justice. And I haven't, you know. I was on the board of the Flathead Reservation human rights organization for years, and I've been teaching race and racism. But I go a little further than a lot of the racial justice advocates to say, let's question the whole paradigm.
I understand, especially people who've grown up with poverty. The combination of poverty and corporate advertising is a deadly mix that gets people to buy into the system. So as much as I can sympathize with all of the people whose priority has been [going from] a have-not to a have, I want them to see that goal isn't sustainable, because it's the goal of becoming an equal member of an unsustainable society. We want you to join the movement to create a new world.
van Gelder: What do you see next for you—your garden, your farm, what else do you see as tangible ways that you're involved?
Price: Our steps now are learning how to live with the Earth and not against the Earth—to know what gifts are still available, and how to give back to the Earth and keep this cycle of life going. As much as I've been involved in alternative gardening and living, going back to the late 1960s, there's still a heck of a lot I don't know. So when I say I have a blog, Learning Earth Ways, that means I'm learning Earth ways, too. So learning and teaching. That's my action, mostly. Maybe that's enough. That's about all I can handle, including writing and lecturing. And hoping that other people will find their own gifts.
Sarah van Gelder is a co-founder and columnist at YES!, founder of PeoplesHub, and author of The Revolution Where You Live: Stories from a 12,000-Mile Journey Through a New America.
After 20 Years Reporting on Solutions, I'm Going on a Journey to Find Where Hope Lies Now
Staying Human in a Time of Climate Change: New Author on Science, Grief, and Hope


I'm developing a WordPress plugin for work and it just so happens I need a lot of filler text for some fake database entries. Bacon Ipsum FTW!
/facepalm! The staple BBQ meat of Texas. How could I forget that, especially when I make a pretty good one myself (see below)?
We've added those, and andouille, one of my favorite sausages.
Mmmm… can you smell it?


Today's post is about a report from the government on Financing Growth in Innovative Firms – the Government wants to grow some more UK "unicorns".
but it also kicks off a consultation with the wider industry on what should be done to close a perceived funding gap between US and UK firms.
The government wants to grow its own unicorns (start-ups valued at more than $1 bn).
While the UK leads Europe in the creation of Unicorns, it significantly lags behind the US which accounts for 54% of these £1 billion plus companies.
China accounts for 23%, while just 4% are based in the UK.
Less that 10% of UK firms reach their fourth round of investment, compared to nearly a quarter in the US.
Around £4bn a year of extra money would be needed to raise UK funding to US levels.
Top US firms are also in general younger than UK firms, again suggesting the US is more effective at growing new businesses into large scale firms.
10 of the UK's largest 100 listed firms were created after 1975 compared to 19 in the US (but only 2 in Europe).
Supports small firms to grow into large, world-leading businesses. It is particularly important for younger firms that invest heavily in research and development (R&D).
Long-term investment in innovative firms led by ambitious entrepreneurs who want to build large-scale businesses.
Current investment schemes which might include patient capital include VCTs, EISs and SEISs.
HMRC estimates the cost of these schemes (tax foregone as a percentage of the investment) at 36% for EIS, 44% for VCT and 56% for SEIS.
Since the reliefs are 30%, 30% and 50% respectively, I'd be interested to know how they calculate those numbers.
Where could the cost effectiveness of current tax reliefs could be improved?
When it is more appropriate for government support to comprise investment, rather than tax relief?
Does increased investment provide better value for money than tax relief?
The consultation closes on 22 September 2017.
Any new measures are likely to be announced in the Autumn Budget 2017.
Britain is an innovation powerhouse and it's vital that we make sure our cutting-edge firms have the funding they need to meet their potential and conquer new markets.
Meeting this challenge will boost our productivity and enable us to create more well paid jobs across the UK.
One main barrier holding back the continued development of young innovative firms, such as those commercialising research from our universities, continues to be access to long-term investment.
This slows these firms' growth, dampens their ambition and means that some firms are sold to trade buyers rather than growing to maturity in the UK.
Overall levels of productivity are reduced as a result because some firms do not fulfil their economic potential.
Productivity is important because improvements in productivity ultimately drive higher wages and living standards.
After Brexit, it's likely that the European Investment Fund will no longer supply capital to the UK, so something will be needed to fill that gap.
The proposed National Investment Fund could be a public-private partnership or might live on the government's balance sheet (as a new subsidiary of the British Business Bank), to be sold off once it has a decent track record.
I'm not convinced about this fund, unless some public-spirited brains from the private sector can be persuaded to run it with the promise of a knighthood.
Even then, I'd rather see the supplementation with public money of existing private-sector funds with good track records.
Alternatively, it could be that, over time, a government fund with a good reputation might become a "cornerstone" (lead) investor in new offers, leading to a "crowding in" effect whereby these offers become oversubscribed.
After Brexit, EU state aid restrictions on the way that VCT and EIS operate could be lifted, but there's no mention of doing this in the paper.
I think he actually wanted an ISA, which is a surprise to me.
Put ITs (VCTs, private equity, Woodford's own fund) into your stocks and shares ISA and you have a Patient Capital ISA.
ISAs don't have up-front incentives, so I'm not sure what Neil had in mind.
I guess it would have been an extra annual allowance above the existing £20K.
The government seems to have rejected this idea and will instead encourage more investment trusts to supply patient capital.
The FCA is considering a programme to facilitate the creation of "all types of investment funds" including ones that provide patient capital, and in particular university investment funds.
So instead of ending up with a tax break, Neil faces the prospect of more competition.
I'm not Woodford's biggest fan – or rather, I think that the cult of the star manager is over-egged in this country.
But I am a big fan of investment trusts.
I agree with most commentators that closed-end funds are better suited to patient capital than are OEICs.
ITs' stock market listings mean that long-term shareholders don't subsidise short-term speculators who flee to cash.
The share price or discount to net asset value will take the strain.
With OEICs, the manager must find cash for redemptions by selling off assets, perhaps at not the best prices.
But I worry that new ITs without Neil's name recognition will struggle against the tax-advantaged VCTs and EISs.
An extra ISA allowance would face similar problems, but it would at least be an extra tax-shelter on the way out (ie. under the TEE system).
The big players in private equity (and VCTs / EISs) could have a go, but the point is that with the shrinkage of annual and lifetime income tax allowances on pension contributions, there is a pot of money each year waiting for tax-sheltered investments.
If a new set of rules could be devised that allow for "better" investments than VCTs and EISs – on similar tax-terms – then surely that would be a good thing?
Stamp duty exemption (both of which are enjoyed by AIM shares).
This consultation is asking the right questions to inform what the government and industry must do to enable businesses to access the patient capital they need, at the scale they need, in order to grow.
The UK has a serious systematic problem finding funding for innovative companies that need cash up-front. We are very good at finding money where companies are already profitable.
This consultation is a genuine attempt by the government to fix the problem.Recognising that there is a problem is half the battle.
Tax relief alone will not be sufficient. The UK has a strong scientific base, so grant money will be necessary to take new ideas from universities.
With high net worth individuals lumped in with retail investors, a fuller understanding of the different risk profiles is needed.
Investment trusts are suitable for long-term investments in innovative, unquoted companies because their structure allows investors to buy and sell their shares with no need to trade holdings in the underlying portfolio.
This empowers fund managers to make investment decisions driven solely by the growth potential of businesses they choose to support.
The high levels of transparency offered by investment companies enables efficient asset allocation and, alongside the daily trading provided by their stock market listing, this creates the basis for pension funds to increase their exposure to patient capital investments.
The consultation is welcome, and well-timed given the potential impact from Brexit.
But if the government wants to attract new money, it needs new incentives.
More ITs investing in small firms will just divide the existing pot of cash between them.
The success of the IHT exemption for AIM firms shows that this would be attractive if extended to Patient Capital ITs.
Relaxation of VCT rules (at a minimum, to remedy EU state aid restrictions) would also work.
As could an additional "patient-capital only" ISA allowance of say £10K pa.
Or an extension of the 30% relief beyond the current limit of the amount of tax already paid that year.
Let's hope we get at least one of these five options in the Autumn Statement.
Today's post is a look at the UK section of Blackrock Pulse 2017, a global survey of investors.


Timoshenko aces Aussie Millions &100k poker challenge.
With a stellar registration list of 39 players who added 37 re-ups to generate a tasty A$7.4 million prize pool, the A$100,000 Aussie Millions Challenge was always going to be a nail-biter, and so it turned out as a table chock-full of poker aces battled it out in Melbourne over the weekend.
The composition of the final table illustrates the star quality of the competitors: Yevgeniy Timoshenko, Mike "Timex" McDonald, Erik Seidel, Doug Polk, Patrik Antonius, Daniel Negreanu, David Steicke and Martin Jacobson.
Yevgeniy Timoshenko ultimately emerged the winner of the $2 million main prize, but he had to work hard for it on a marathon of a final table that demanded consistently high skill and determination as the action went on into the early hours of the morning.
One of the stand-out investments in the event was that of Daniel Negreanu, who with his original buy-in and re-entries put $500,000 at risk and recouped $550,000 in a sixth place finish.
When eight-time WSOP bracelet holder Erik Seidel was eliminated in third place for $1,076,000, the heads up phase commenced with Timoshenko facing Mike "Timex" McDonald and the chip counts pretty much even.
It proved to be an exciting if protracted affair between two very impressive players, with the chip lead switching from one to the other as the battle for the lion's share of the spoils raged on.
The end came when Timoshenko managed to get the upper hand in a massive double up, enabling him to at last defeat his very worthy opponent. McDonald's pain will have been considerably eased by the second placing check for $1.5 million that he banked.
The win boosts Timoshenko's live tournament career earnings above $6 million and adds another trophy to a display case already glittering with winner awards from many of live poker's top international tournaments.


Pivots can be the making of a startup, helping teams refocus on a good idea when previous things haven't worked. But sometimes, they are just one more step on a difficult track. TechCrunch has learned and confirmed that Adero — an Amazon-backed maker of Bluetooth-enabled tracking tags that until last December was known as TrackR — is laying off at least 45 percent of its staff. The cuts come as Adero refocuses on building software instead of hardware products, and attempts to build a B2B business that reduces its emphasis on the consumer market ahead of plans to raise another round of funding.


text:
Success for UNSW researchers in Cancer Council funding round
Yolande Hutchinson
Four UNSW Sydney researchers have received funding for pioneering work into pancreatic, breast and bone cancers.
Four UNSW cancer researchers (Dr Omid Faridani, Dr Michelle McDonald, Dr Joanna Achinger-Kawecka and Associate Professor Alex Swarbrick) have received support in the latest round of funding from the Cancer Council NSW.
The research projects are among 14 ground-breaking cancer research studies receiving grants announced today by the Cancer Council NSW. Together, the UNSW researchers were awarded over $1.7 million in funding over three years.
Funds have been awarded to projects deemed through peer review to be of the highest scientific merit; and through consumer review to be of the most value to the community.
UNSW Pro Vice-Chancellor Research Professor Ana Deletic said: "I'd like to congratulate each of our researchers who have received funding for their world-leading cancer research. I look forward to seeing the results of their vital research, which is well positioned to translate into clinical practice."
The successful projects are:
Dr Omid Faridani, Group Leader at UNSW Medicine and Visiting Group Leader at the Garvan Institute, will use the funding to help develop a diagnostic protocol that can predict how well a patient will respond to chemotherapy.
Most pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed very late with advanced tumours that cannot be surgically removed. Therefore, chemotherapy with a handful of drug choices is the only option. It is often difficult to predict which chemotherapy drug works the best for each patient.
"If successful, we aim to test the protocol in a larger number of patients and eventually to provide a guideline for oncologists. This innovative research could significantly reduce time spent on ineffective treatments and improve the survival outcomes of those affected by pancreatic cancer," Dr Faridani said.
Dr Michelle McDonald, from the Garvan Institute and conjoint lecturer at UNSW Medicine, will use her funding to investigate dormant cancer cells in bones. Dormant cancer cells that have spread to the bone and stopped dividing can reactivate years after cancer therapy and are a significant cause of cancer relapse in patients.
Using an advanced imaging technique, Dr McDonald and her team have revealed that high levels of bone resorption – a maintenance process by which the body breaks down tissues in bone – can reactivate dormant cancer cells and accelerate cancer growth.
Dr McDonald's team aims to demonstrate that early anti-resorptive therapy can keep tumour cells in a dormant state and prevent relapse in experimental models, a crucial first step to improving outcomes and survival in patients.
Dr Joanna Achinger-Kawecka, from the Garvan Institute and conjoint lecturer at UNSW Medicine, will use her funding to investigate epigenetic therapies for hormone resistant breast cancers.
Dr Achinger-Kawecka and her team propose that three-dimensional epigenetic remodelling – changes to the layer of instructions that organises and regulates DNA's activity – is an underlying mechanism that determines sensitivity to hormone therapy.
The team will use cutting-edge techniques to establish the links between epigenetics and hormone resistance in breast cancer. They aim to develop new potential therapeutic strategies that more effectively treat patients and reduce cancer relapse.
Associate Professor Alex Swarbrick, from the Garvan Institute and conjoint associate professor at UNSW Medicine, will investigate improved therapies for metastatic breast cancer.
Immunotherapy is a form of cancer treatment designed to activate the immune system to better target tumours. However, it is yet to make a substantial impact on the management of breast cancer, partly because researchers do not fully understand how the immune system responds to metastatic breast cancer cells.
A/Prof. Swarbrick and his team will employ advanced cellular genomics technology to define different cell types and identify therapeutic targets present in metastatic breast cancers. Through these discoveries, the researchers aim to develop more effective immunotherapy strategies that improve outcomes for patients.
UNSW Sydney External Relations
y.hutchinson@unsw.edu.au
Pancreatic cancer clinical trial program to target genome and scar tissue
Tumour gene test could help to predict ovarian cancer prognosis
UNSW installs first Magnetic Particle Imaging Facility in Australia
Children's cancer researcher named Woman of the Year
'Science saved my life': one doctor's incredible journey from cancer researcher to cancer survivor
Cancer Council NSW
Dr Omid Faridani
Dr Michelle McDonald
Dr Joanna Achinger-Kawecka
Associate Professor Alex Swarbrick
Cancer Theme


World Wide Wing Chun Kung Fu is a discussion group developed as a forum for all martial artists to ask questions about, and voice their opinion, or ideas pertaining to Wing Chun Kung Fu. Now in its 12th year WW_WC_KF has members from different martial art styles and all corners of the Globe. If you are interested in, study martial arts or have ever wanted, to you will enjoy viewing the photos, have links from all styles of martial arts at your fingertips, and learn valuble tips from the masters of many different martial arts styles. Be enlightened, stay well!
Pacific Wing Chun Association across the Pacific.
Come check out the changes, and update your Wing Chun files today!


text:
Android News / Wearables News / Mobvoi TicWatch S2 & TicWatch E2 Debut With Wear OS, Sports Focus – CES 2019
Mobvoi TicWatch S2 & TicWatch E2 Debut With Wear OS, Sports Focus – CES 2019
By Mark Real
Wearable maker Mobvoi announced two new smartwatches powered by Google's Wear OS – the TicWatch E2 and TicWatch S2. The company is marketing its latest gadgets to people who routinely take part in sports and outdoor activities, and both devices offer similar internal specifications. The two smartwatches feature the Snapdragon Wear 2100 processor, which is Qualcomm's previous-generation wearable chipset. The devices sport 1.39-inch AMOLED displays with a resolution of 400 by 400 pixels, GPS modules, heart rate sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopes, while also offering a broad suite of pre-installed apps, including those designed for swimming analytics. A 415mAh battery is part of the package and can offer up to 48 hours of regular use on a single charge, according to Mobvoi. A polycarbonate casing houses the internal components of the devices which also come with 5ATM water-resistance certification. In terms of appearance, the TicWatch S2 has a thicker silicone band and wider bezels surrounding the display, while the TicWatch E2 includes a circular polished pattern around the screen. Despite the differences in design, both wearables can accept bands with a width of 22mm.
Background: The TicWatch S2 and the TicWatch E2 serve as the successors to the TicWatch S and E, which Mobvoi launched in July of 2017. In comparison to the company's previous solutions, both the S2 and the E2 offer larger-capacity batteries while retaining the same display size. Furthermore, the original TicWatch S and E smartwatches are powered by the MT2601 CPU from Taiwanese semiconductor company MediaTek. In comparison with the Snapdragon Wear 2100 which has four ARM Cortex A7 cores, the MT2601 CPU only includes atwo Cortex A7 cores. Nonetheless, the decision not to include the latest smartwatch chipset from Qualcomm, the Snapdragon Wear 3100, may still result in significantly poorer battery life compared to competing devices.
Last May, the company unveiled the TicWatch Pro, a wearable that sports a display made up of two layers. The top one is only capable of showing basic information like time, date, and battery level, while the bottom one comes in the form of an OLED panel, which is where the user actually interacts with the smartwatch's operating system. By including a dual-layer display, the TicWatch Pro can offer multiple power modes. One of these, known as the Essential Mode, allows the device to last up to 30 days on one charge. On the other hand, Mobvoi announced the TicWatch C2 last October, and the company markets it at consumers with smaller wrists. While it is best-known for smartwatches, Mobvoi also makes other devices that take advantage of Google services, including a smart speaker and a pair of earbuds that both feature Google Assistant.
Impact: At this point, there is no available information about the pricing and availability of the TicWatch S2 and E2, although Mobvoi will likely sell these devices with at under $200. The company already confirmed that the two products will become available shortly after CES, and like some of its recent wearables, Mobvoi is likely to release them in the United States and Europe, making wearable markets in those territories even more competitive.
What Is Wear OS? All You Need To Know To Get Started
By Justin Diaz · January 16, 2020
Samsung Smartwatch On The Way, Could Be The Galaxy Watch 2
Fitbit Enables Blood Oxygen Tracking On Charge 3 And More
Mark Real
Mark Real has written for Androidheadlines since 2017 and is a Staff Writer for the site. Mark has a background in sciences and education. He is passionate about advancements on hardware and software technologies and its impact on people's lives. Contact him at [email protected]