text:
A non-magisterial magisterial statement?
Magisterium, the teaching authority of the Catholic Church, is not something, I suggest, that can be switched on and off. Magisterium is either, according to objective (not subjective) criteria, engaged, or it isn't. There are, of course, various degrees of magisterial authority in the Church and, yes, most folks hearing the word "magisterium" immediately, but usually wrongly, think that some grand ecclesiastical pronouncement is in the offing. But when popes and bishops publicly address themselves to matters of faith and morals, they are, I think, engaged in a magisterial act. A small act, usually, but nevertheless a real one. Protestations to the contrary—including treating magisterial acts as if their character were a matter of specific intentionality—do not change that fact.
Consider two scenarios.
First, some of Pope Francis' unscripted remarks, e.g. his homilies during daily Mass, have caused confusion for the faithful. Early on, his spokesman, poor Fr. Lombardi, tried to steer controversial papal remarks into less problematic phrasings. Lombardi's next step (well, after he declared he would no longer comment on unscripted papal remarks—a resolve that lasted a few days, as I recall) was to announce that Francis' unscripted remarks were not part of the Church's magisterium.
Vatican press reps do not get to define what the "magisterium" of the Church is or what constitutes a "magisterial" act. Popes and bishops, addressing faith and morals, in public statements made during a constitutive part of a liturgy (see the definition of a "homily" in Canon 767), are, I think, engaged in a magisterial act, whether they expressly advert to that fact, or not (see CCC 87, 892, 2034; Canon 753). Of course, papal or episcopal remarks made under such circumstances rank near the bottom of the magisterial authority list but, once uttered (not to mention, recorded and published), they contribute, in some small degree at least, to the ordinary magisterium of the Church. Appreciating that point should, if nothing else, give prelates pause in how they express themselves in certain contexts.
Of course Francis is by office as well as by personality a unique figure in the Church so the concerns some might feel at how his press office treats the notion of "magisterium" could be assuaged by seeing it is as a necessary expedient. But lately, I fear, the 'it's-magisterial-only-if-we-say-it's-magisterial' line is appearing elsewhere in Rome. Consider a second scenario: the recent "Reflections on Theological Questions" published by the "Pontifical Commission for Relations with the Jews".
In this document, signed by the cardinal president of a pontifical commission and co-signed by the bishop vice-president, "theological questions are further discussed, such as the relevance of revelation, the relationship between the Old and the New Covenant, the relationship between the universality of salvation in Jesus Christ and the affirmation that the covenant of God with Israel has never been revoked, and the Church's mandate to evangelize in relation to Judaism." Now, if cardinals and bishops, appointed by popes to direct pontifical commissions, issuing statements on some important points of faith entrusted to those commissions and publishing them through the Holy See, are not engaged in a magisterial act contributing to the "ordinary magisterium" of the Church, who exactly would be?
To be sure, the PCRJ document is not "infallible" (as if only infallible assertions were part of the magisterium), nor is it directly papal in character (as if only popes could contribute to the magisterium), nor is every assertion therein 'magisterial' (as if, say, historical summaries were objects of magisterium). But the PCRJ document definitely, and in many places beautifully and insightfully, contributes to the Church's ordinary teaching regarding, among other things, the relevance of revelation, the relationship between the Old and the New Covenant, the relationship between the universality of salvation in Jesus Christ and the affirmation that the covenant of God with Israel has never been revoked, and the Church's mandate to evangelize in relation to Judaism.
And yet the PCRJ text claims that it "is not a magisterial document or doctrinal teaching of the Catholic Church". Of course it is!
If Cardinal Koch had wanted to publish personal reflections on Jewish-Catholic relations he could have sent them to a scholarly or popular journal. Context would have satisfied all but the most scrupulous that such remarks were personal, not 'magisterial' in character. But that is not what Koch did. Instead, in his capacity as the prelatial head of a pontifical commission in charge of certain questions he issued a document expressing certain theological points. That makes this document a small, but definitely magisterial, exercise. If there are people out there who do not understand what it means, and what it doesn't mean, to say that such-and-such a statement is part of the (here, ordinary) magisterium of the Church, then by all means, let's explain matters to them. But let's not downplay the character our own documents just to avoid setting off a tizzy of confusion among semi-informed observers.
But there is, I think, a deeper point to be appreciated in all this: the relationship between an intention behind, and the nature of, an act is complex; the lawyer in me knows that much. But lately, a rising number of persons seem to think that they can control the characterization of their act simply by declaring an intentionality for their act. That's a very slippery slope. As a rule, I think an intention to perform an act is relevant to one's responsibility for the act, but is not dispositive of the characterization of the act.
Popes who make deliberate assertions about faith or morals in public remarks are contributing, in a small way, to the ordinary magisterium of the Church; dicasterial prelates who make deliberate assertions about faith or morals in materials published through the Holy See are contributing, in a small way, to the ordinary magisterium of the Church; the rest of us should be able to tell, without having to await (unqualified) clarifications from press offices and without having to scan dicasterial documents for (ineffective) disclaimers, whether the Church's magisterium is in play. If it is in play, then we can worry about what level of magisterium is being applied.
Update: Jimmy Akin responds to my post, here. He makes some good points, as usual. Those reading his comments might be interested in my reactions.
(1) Of course the Holy See issues some non-magisterial statements. (2) I too think some examples of 'non-magisterial magisterial' statements can be found prior to Francis. (3) My approach does not make identifying magisterial statements "very easy". Real thought still has to be applied. What my approach does do, I suggest, is underscore that magisterial character is not so casually turned off and on, and underscores that prelates need to exercise greater care in making assertions on faith & morals. (4) Jimmy's analysis strikes me as having exaggerated the conscience-binding character of individual prelatial statements; rather than our looking, as I think the Church has traditionally done, at the magisterial teaching on XYZ as a whole, Jimmy seems to fear that my approach makes every individual prelate's statement on XYZ into something binding on consciences. To avoid that, he prefers to let magisterial character be turned on and off much more readily than I think can be supported. (5) Jimmy seems to leave unaddressed my concerns that what I am calling 'specific intentionality' (whereby an action must be characterized as the actor intends it be to characterized, rather than characterized for what it really is) is, more and more, being allowed to determine the character of an ecclesial act (although this problem appears in several other areas of life), rather than just responsibility for an act. I repeat that I think this is dangerous path to have set out on.
« Silence is not much evidence of anything, so why suggest otherwise?
It's not impossible, just very difficult, to glean 'heresy' from conduct »


text:
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Current illicit drug use differed by employment status in 2009. Among adults aged 18 or older, the rate of illicit drug use was higher for unemployed persons (17.0 percent) than for those who were employed full time (8.0 percent) or part time (11.5 percent). Among those in the "other" employment category, which includes retired persons, disabled persons, homemakers, students, and other persons not in the labor force, the rate of current illicit drug use increased from 4.9 percent in 2008 to 6.0 percent in 2009.
In 2009, 21.1 percent of youths aged 12 to 17 reported that, in the past year, they had gotten into a serious fight at school or at work; this was similar to the rates in 2008 (21.4 percent) and 2002 (20.6 percent). Approximately one in seven youths (14.4 percent) in 2009 had taken part in a group-against-group fight, which was similar to the rate in 2008 (14.5 percent) and lower than the rate in 2002 (15.9 percent). About 1 in 30 (3.2 percent) had carried a handgun at least once in 2009, which was the same as the rate in 2008 (3.2 percent) and was similar to the rate in 2002 (3.3 percent). An estimated 7.2 percent had, in at least one instance, attacked others with the intent to harm or seriously hurt them in 2009, which was the similar to the rate in 2008 (7.3 percent) and was similar to the 7.8 percent reported in 2002. An estimated 3.2 percent had sold illegal drugs in 2009, which was similar to the rate of 3.0 percent in 2008, but was lower than the 4.4 percent rate in 2002. In 2009, 4.4 percent had, at least once, stolen or tried to steal something worth more than $50; this was similar to the rate of 4.6 percent in 2008, but was lower than the rate of 4.9 percent in 2002.
Among pregnant women aged 15 to 44, an estimated 10.6 percent reported current alcohol use, 4.5 percent reported binge drinking, and 0.8 percent reported heavy drinking. These rates were significantly lower than the rates for nonpregnant women in the same age group (54.0, 24.2, and 5.5 percent, respectively). Binge drinking during the first trimester of pregnancy was reported by 10.3 percent of pregnant women aged 15 to 44. All of these estimates by pregnancy status are based on data averaged over 2007 and 2008. The 2007-2008 estimate for first-trimester binge drinking is higher than in 2005-2006, when it was 4.6 percent.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I have several copper trays offered for sale in my online shop. Some are in stock and some are made to order. I always get very excited when a "made to order" email drops into my inbox because it means I can once again take a blank sheet of copper and create a new piece.
So what's the big deal and why get so excited?
Well… the first copper tray I made was beautiful and it sold very quickly. Now I have to make something that looks as similar as possible to that original photo, which the customer has seen and made an order based on. It is always a challenge because it cannot be identical. I don't have a mould that churns out lots of these trays at the push of a button.
Each piece is individually cut, shaped, annealed, textured and finished. So many different things make a difference to the finished piece – the direction i hammered it in, the batch of copper sheet I used, the consistency and temperature of the liver of sulphur solution used for the patina – temperature and humidity at the time can affect this.
Some of the steps involved in creating this made to order piece which went off to a customer in London this week.


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Lusec into BTU/min
https://www.convert-measurement-units.com/convert+Lusec+to+BTU+min.php
How many BTU/min make 1 Lusec?
1 Lusec = 0.000 007 581 915 194 475 6 BTU/min - Measurement calculator that can be used to convert Lusec to BTU/min, among others.
Convert Lusec to BTU/min:
From the selection list, choose the unit that corresponds to the value you want to convert, in this case 'Lusec'.
Finally choose the unit you want the value to be converted to, in this case 'BTU/min'.
With this calculator, it is possible to enter the value to be converted together with the original measurement unit; for example, '246 Lusec'. In so doing, either the full name of the unit or its abbreviation can be used. Then, the calculator determines the category of the measurement unit of measure that is to be converted, in this case 'Power'. After that, it converts the entered value into all of the appropriate units known to it. In the resulting list, you will be sure also to find the conversion you originally sought. Alternatively, the value to be converted can be entered as follows: '54 Lusec to BTU/min' or '73 Lusec into BTU/min' or '80 Lusec -> BTU/min' or '22 Lusec = BTU/min'. For this alternative, the calculator also figures out immediately into which unit the original value is specifically to be converted. Regardless which of these possibilities one uses, it saves one the cumbersome search for the appropriate listing in long selection lists with myriad categories and countless supported units. All of that is taken over for us by the calculator and it gets the job done in a fraction of a second.
Furthermore, the calculator makes it possible to use mathematical expressions. As a result, not only can numbers be reckoned with one another, such as, for example, '(54 * 1) Lusec'. But different units of measurement can also be coupled with one another directly in the conversion. That could, for example, look like this: '246 Lusec + 738 BTU/min' or '32mm x 66cm x 65dm = ? cm^3'. The units of measure combined in this way naturally have to fit together and make sense in the combination in question.
If a check mark has been placed next to 'Numbers in scientific notation', the answer will appear as an exponential. For example, 1.138 726 113 094 4×1027. For this form of presentation, the number will be segmented into an exponent, here 27, and the actual number, here 1.138 726 113 094 4. For devices on which the possibilities for displaying numbers are limited, such as for example, pocket calculators, one also finds the way of writing numbers as 1.138 726 113 094 4E+27. In particular, this makes very large and very small numbers easier to read. If a check mark has not been placed at this spot, then the result is given in the customary way of writing numbers. For the above example, it would then look like this: 1 138 726 113 094 400 000 000 000 000. Independent of the presentation of the results, the maximum precision of this calculator is 14 places. That should be precise enough for most applications.


Linda White, 73, of Windsor, Missouri, died early Saturday morning, April 13, 2019, at Saint Luke's South Hospital in Overland Park, Kansas.
She was born April 15, 1945, in Lathrop, Missouri, the daughter of Harvey Randolph Irby and Roseanna (Matthes) Irby. She enjoyed many wonderful years with her life partner Ronald Hall who preceded her in death May 3, 1997.
She worked at the International Shoe Factory in Windsor for several years. She also did laundry at the former Windsor Resthaven Nursing Home and worked as a cashier at Wal-Mart in Clinton. She volunteered at the Windsor Senior Center and loved bingo and going to "the boats." She attended Assembly of God of Windsor.
Survivors include 2 sons, Ricky White, State of Missouri, and Robert White (LaShawn), Windsor, Mo.; 2 daughters, Angie White (Scottie Walker), and Courtney Eisel (Colby Eisel) all of Windsor; 8 grandchildren, Nathan Hargett, DayLynn White, Thomas White, Rylee White, Kloi Austin, Hannah White, Caleb Eisel, and Laci Eisel; a brother, Gordon Irby, Appleton City, Mo.; several nieces and nephews including Michael Tate, Shelley Callahan, and Jimmy Jones; several great-nieces, great-nephews; and her special grand dog "Tinkerbell" which brought her much enjoyment. In addition to her parents and her life partner Ronald, she was preceded in death by a son, Billy White, in infancy; a sister, JoAnn Jones; and a half-brother, Harvey Irby Jr.
Funeral services will be 11:00 a.m. Wednesday, April 17, 2019, at the Hadley Funeral Home, Windsor, with Rev. Gene Ekstrand officiating. Burial will be in the Laurel Oak Cemetery, Windsor, at a later date. The family will receive friends before the service from 10:00 to 11:00 a.m. The family suggests contributions to help with funeral expenses.


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Een sociaal tolk heeft in België de taak om een mondelinge boodschap van een taal naar een andere te vertalen.  Zo verleent hij een anderstalige hulpzoekende toegang tot informatie waar hij recht op heeft. Dat gebeurt bijvoorbeeld in een gemeentehuis of een ziekenhuis. Tolken kan in het bijzijn van de personen in kwestie of via de telefoon. In Nederland heet de tolkspecialisatie 'gesprekstolk'.

Opleiding (België)
Om aan de opleiding sociaal tolk te mogen beginnen, moet de kandidaat voor de opleiding eerst een taaltest Nederlands afleggen, waarin hij bewijst dat hij het Nederlands minstens op het ERK-niveau B2 beheerst. Dat kan onder andere door het voorleggen, behalen van en slagen voor

 een diploma secundair onderwijs aan een Nederlandstalige instelling in België, Nederland of Suriname.
 een diploma hoger onderwijs aan een Nederlandstalige instelling in België, Nederland of Suriname.
 een certificaat NT2 op het B2-niveau of hoger.
 een taaltest bij het Huis van het Nederlands.

Daarna volgt er een infodag waarop de kandidaat kennismaakt met de inhoud van het beroep en zijn vereiste vaardigheden en competenties. Na de infodag start de definitieve opleiding.

Voor sociaal tolk zijn er twee soorten opleidingen. De eerste opleiding (basisopleiding) richt zich op kandidaten die nog geen tolkervaring hebben. Die opleiding bestaat uit een module I (tolktechnieken, notitietechniek, terminologie en deontologie) en een module II (verschillende werkvelden in theorie en praktijk, zoals het OCMW en ziekenhuizen, terminologie en voorbereiding op de certificeringsproef). Om naar module II te kunnen gaan, moet een kandidaat eerst slagen voor module I.

De tweede opleiding richt zich op kandidaten die wel al tolkervaring hebben. Zij moeten in een traject 'Ervaringsbewijs' aantonen dat zij over alle vereiste kennis van het beroep beschikken. Dat traject bestaat uit een begeleidingsgesprek om hun vaardigheden en kennis te testen en hen in te lichten over het beroep. Op basis van het gesprek krijgt de kandidaat een beoordelingsadvies (de kandidaat mag de certificeringsproef afleggen) of een leeradvies (de kandidaat volgt beter de opleiding).

De laatste stap van de opleiding is de certificeringsproef van het Agentschap Integratie en Inburgering. Daarin moet de kandidaat in taaltesten en twee rollenspellen bewijzen dat hij gesproken boodschappen kan verwerken en reproduceren, volgens de deontologie kan handelen en met deontologische conflicten kan omgaan. Hij moet ook bewijzen dat hij het Nederlands en zijn vreemde taal goed beheerst.

Hoe werkt sociaal tolken?
Een sociaal tolk kan in België verschillende statuten hebben. Hij kan het beroep als zelfstandige activiteit in hoofd- of bijberoep of als vrijwillige activiteit uitoefenen.

Zodra een sociaal tolk voor een opdracht opgeroepen wordt, gebeurt er veel. Op de plaats van de tolkopdracht ontmoet hij beide  gesprekspartijen pas net voor het begin van het gesprek. Die introductie kan als volgt verlopen: "Ik ben de tolk Nederlands–Taal X. Ik heb de plicht alles te tolken wat hier wordt gezegd. Ik heb discretieplicht. Ik ben onpartijdig. Jullie kunnen elkaar rechtstreeks aanspreken". De introductie geeft de tolk in beide talen. Om in het gesprek neutraal te blijven, vindt de opdracht altijd plaats in een triade: de beide partijen tegenover elkaar en de sociaal tolk in het midden.

Het tolken zelf verloopt consecutief. De ene partij zegt iets en de tolk geeft daarvan een volledige en neutrale weergave in de andere taal voor de andere partij. Tijdens het tolken mag de tolk geen schriftelijke boodschappen vertalen, maar er wel een mondelinge weergave van geven als de partij zegt wat er in het geschreven document staat.

Deontologie van sociaal tolken
 discreet  Een sociaal tolk moet discreet zijn. Hij heeft beroepsgeheim en zwijgplicht, die hij enkel mag verbreken als hij opgeroepen wordt om te getuigen voor onder andere een rechtbank.
 neutraal  Een sociaal tolk moet neutraal zijn. Hij brengt alle gesprekspartijen in hun eigen  taal op de hoogte van zijn functie. Hij mag geen persoonlijke voorkeuren te kennen geven of duidelijk de kaart van een van de partijen trekken. Ook moet hij onderonsjes met een van de partijen vermijden. Hij mag dus geen contact hebben met een van de partijen voor of na het gesprek over dingen die niet tot de orde van de dag behoren. Een tolk mag niet behulpzaam zijn bij andere taken. Zo mag hij o.a. geen vragenlijsten invullen in naam van een van beide partijen. Ook staakt hij zijn opdracht als de neutraliteit niet gegarandeerd kan worden.
 volledig  Een sociaal tolk moet volledig zijn. Hij tolkt alle boodschappen van de partijen, ook beledigingen en moet daarbij hetzelfde register en dezelfde stijl gebruiken. Ook tolkt hij enkel voor de partijen die zijn introductie gehoord hebben. Als een derde onbekende partij zich bij het gesprek voegt, vraagt de tolk of de persoon aan gesprek zal deelnemen. In dat geval herhaalt de tolk zijn introductie.
 transparant   Een sociaal tolk moet transparant zijn. Hij moet dus melden wanneer hij afwijkt van de normale procedure, bijvoorbeeld als hij om bepaalde redenen het gesprek staakt of onderbreekt. Ook meldt hij moeilijkheden met de moeilijke woorden of dialect aan beide partijen.
 professioneel  Een sociaal tolk moet professioneel zijn. Hij mag enkel opdrachten aanvaarden die binnen zijn competentieveld liggen en die in de taal/talen verlopen waarvoor hij gecertificeerd is. Hij geeft bij het begin van het gesprek een introductie over zijn functie en voert tijdens het gesprek geen andere handelingen dan tolken uit. Ook deelt hij geen persoonlijke gegevens met de partijen, eventueel met uitzondering van zijn voornaam

Telefoon- en webcamtolken
Een variant van sociaal tolken is telefoon- of webcamtolken. Daarbij gelden dezelfde principes als bij het sociaal tolken, maar het gesprek verloopt via de telefoon of de webcam. Een telefoon- of webcamtolk is sneller inzetbaar dan een gewone sociaal tolk omdat er geen verplaatsing noodzakelijk is. Een nadeel is wel dat de non-verbale communicatie grotendeels of zelfs helemaal wegvalt.

Zie ook
 Beëdigd vertaler
 Tolk gebarentaal
 Schrijftolk
 Taptolk
 Toegepaste Taalkunde (opleiding)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I like the Kh naruto theme, but mainly the bg.
Oh wow an awsome site I love it I'm adding you as a friend and hope that you do the same. If you have time stop by my site sometime and tell me what you think.
Whats with the nonsense language.fnajdujadh.U r crazy,but i like your site.addin you as a friend.
I love your site!!! Ikimas Sora-kun! Ahha so that's his wisdom form? Well arigatou fro signing my gb. I'm going to add you.
lol, you like cows...? =3 Well, nice to meet ya.


Just minutes from Angkor Wat Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, our Siem Reap Hotel Resort proudly maintains the largest green space among all the hotels and resorts in Siem Reap.
Going above and beyond to ensure absolute guest satisfaction, we have compiled a team of local and international hospitality experts and cultivated a high staff-to-guest ratio. The individuals working at Navutu Dreams Resort & Wellness Retreat are genuinely interested in your peace of mind and are eager to share their knowledge and love of the region with all that pass through the resort.
At our Siem Reap hotel, you have the opportunity to learn humble practices of Vinyasa, Ashtanga, Yin, Hatha, Restorative, Sivananda and Meditation. Daily Siem Reap Yoga Classes are available within our own yoga studios.
Catering only to a maximum of 56 guests in 28 spacious and well-appointed rooms and suites spread across five separate pavilions, our exceptional size allows us to prioritize the personalized services and attention to details that we are known for.
The compound includes three large swimming pools, allowing guests to choose between exercising in our 18-meter freshwater Sports Pool or relaxing in our salt water Lounge Pool with its own child-friendly plunge pool.
The Navutu Dreams experience places emphasis on fine dining, genuine cultural experiences and your well-being, set amidst the stunning Kingdom of Cambodia.
Surrounded by lush rice fields and sugar palm plantations, Navutu Dreams Resort & Wellness Retreat features a unique dedication to wellness, and our wellness programs are conceived and designed by resident experts. Well-being is our priority and there is no better setting to re-balance and rejuvenate yourself than in this serene Cambodian landscape. Unique to this region, we specialize in a variety of daily yoga classes as well as health consultations, personalized detox programs, acupuncture, yoga retreats, rejuvenating massages and other holistic treatments.


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900 bus timetable edinburgh to glasgow
6:00 PM. Convenient search and online booking of buses to Great Earliest Coach. Coach companies. GPS Coordinates 55.955483, -3.1914 Glasgow Airport's official bus service connecting the airport and city in just 15 minutes. COVID-19 With over 200 Hanger Lane tube is a 10-minute walk away. Glasgow. Live bus times in Great Britain. Wed Jul 6. Travel by bus from Glasgow to Edinburgh in as little as 1 hours 07 minutes. See all routes Mon Jul 11. Glasgow On time. Timetable Map. Citylink 900: Glasgow/Edinburgh Great news the 900 service now runs 24 hours a day, seven days a week with late night services now stopping at Edinburgh Airport and The Sun Jul 10. Bus Edinburgh Glasgow Travelling during COVID-19 Find all the current information about our Travel by bus from Edinburgh to Glasgow in as little as 1 hours 10 minutes. Service M90, M9, 913, 977, 915, M8 Edinburgh to Fort William. Train from Edinburgh to Glasgow. Glasgow Bus Links You can travel to and from Glasgow (Buchanan Street) using the Citylink AIR Glasgow Service 900. Timetable for N900 - Edinburgh - Glasgow Bus Route. Stay updated Coach tracker Track your coach in real-time with the citylink coach tracker. Over the last 89 days, ticket prices from Edinburgh to Glasgow vary and during N900 bus timetable overview: Normally starts
The route is operated under the Scottish Citylink brand by Stagecoach West Scotland and Park's of Hamilton. Normal operating days: weekdays. Trust in Shuttle Direct's Edinburgh Airport transfers to get you where you want to go. Edinburgh - Glasgow 900 (EDAO900) Monday to Friday (Outbound) Operated by: SCL Service: 900 Operator: SCL Edinburgh, Gate A Bus Station Depart: T 23:59 Haymarket, Stop HH Stay updated Coach tracker Track your coach in real-time with the citylink coach tracker. The distance Service 900, N900 Glasgow to Edinburgh Service 976, 977, 975, nxb Menu. Best time to book your trip. Service 900, AIR, N900 Glasgow to Edinburgh Airport. To get the cheapest tickets, book online in advance and avoid busy times like weekends and public holidays. Coaches from Edinburgh to Glasgow cover the 41 miles (66 km) A coach service operated by Scottish Citylink To help us all flysafe , there are new measures in place across all Citylink Travel by bus from Edinburgh to Glasgow in as little as 1 hours 10 minutes. Bus tickets from Edinburgh, Bus Station to Glasgow start at 5, and the quickest route takes just 1h 23m. Coach service operated by Scottish Citylink. Edinburgh to Glasgow bus times. With over 200 destinations to choose from, we've narrowed down our most popular routes to help you plan your next journey. Outbound Outbound. The nearest bus stop is Stop P on Kendal Avenue. Then the 900 takes over to carry you all the way to Edinburgh bus station from 4am, 4.30am, and 5am, then its every 15 minutes until 6.30pm before becoming a half-hourly Scottish perspective on news, sport, business, lifestyle, food and drink and more, from Scotland's national newspaper, The Scotsman. 900 bus timetable overview: Normally starts operating at Coach service operated by Scottish Citylink. Once you get your results, you can compare all available buses from Edinburgh to Glasgow and consider multiple factors before booking your trip. It's famed for its Victorian and art nouveau architecture, a rich With over 76 buses a day from 01:00 to 23:30 with free Wi-Fi, plan your perfect trip today with megabus. Watch popular content from the following creators: John Ross Clark(@scottishvandriver), Blair Usually MEGB will charge you higher prices for tickets closer to the . Book and buy tickets on bus Edinburgh - Glasgow. Buses run every 30 minutes between Edinburgh and Glasgow. Flixbus, Megabus, Infobus or National Express. 909 - Edinburgh - Glasgow via Stirling and Cumbernauld. Timetable Start Date: 07/06/2021 End Date: 11/05/2023. All regions; 900 Edinburgh Glasgow. Service M90, M9, 913, 977, 915, M8 Edinburgh to Fort William. Sat Jul 9. nxb Menu. Search for your route and service, and monitor your coach with live departure and arrival times. Lothian Buses is the largest municipal bus company in the United Kingdom. Thu Jul 7. Edinburgh Bus Station. Ticket prices, availability, bus and coach schedule from Edinburgh to Glasgow. NYC - Boston Amtrak Timetable. Live bus times in Great Britain. Inbound; From Compare all bus companies and find your cheap ticket. Check timetables and book your tickets with Rome2rio. We're only 2-3 minutes walk from Park Royal tube station on the Piccadilly line. 3h 45m. Yes, there are 57 direct coaches a day. With over 72 buses a day from 00:30 to 23:59 with free Wi-Fi, plan your perfect trip today with megabus. Bus Service Operated by Scottish Citylink (licensed as ). Ticket prices cost as little as $3.99, with an average price of $4.99. The 900 bus (Edinburgh) has 23 stops departing from Buchanan Bus Station, Glasgow and ending in North St David Street, Edinburgh. Starting in Edinburgh Airport, you can be in Glasgow in just 50 min with Megabus. The bus fare from Edinburgh airport to city is 4.50 for one way ticket for adults and 7.50 for return ticket. Gate D - X59, X61 Stagecoach Halbeath and beyond. If you're coming by car, pop W3 0PA into your SatNav and park in one of the 900 spaces in the leisure park. The cheapest bus tickets are offered by Search for your route and service, and monitor your coach with live departure and arrival times. Book today from just 10.99 with easyBus.com.. Glasgow (Gaelic: Glaschu, Scots: Glesga) is the Follow us on Twitter @ScotCitylink or use our handy coach tracker below, for the latest updates. The earliest departure is at 00:05 in the morning, and the last departure from Edinburgh is at Edinburgh, Departure Location Edinburgh Glasgow Departure Location Glasgow; 5 days Duration 5 days; Highland Experience's Scottish Choice. Tue Jul 5. There are two different airport transfer Address: Jocelyn Square, Glasgow, G1 5JU (Off the Saltmarket) Email: custodiers@scotland.pnn.police.uk With over 72 buses a day from 00:30 to 23:59 with free Wi-Fi, plan your perfect trip today with Fri Jul 8. Download timetable. Our route
See all routes Dunkeld (/ d k l /, Scots: Dunkell, from Scottish Gaelic: Dn Chailleann, "fort of the Caledonians") is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland.The location of a historic cathedral, it lies on the north bank of the River Tay, opposite Birnam.Dunkeld lies close to the geological Highland Boundary Fault, and is frequently described as the "Gateway to the Highlands" due to its All items lost/found (with the exclusion of perishable items) are sent to the Custodiers Department (Police Scotland). You can now book your coach tickets online here.
Timetable for 900 - Edinburgh - Glasgow Bus Route. The N900 bus (Edinburgh) has 22 stops departing from Buchanan Bus Station, Glasgow and ending in North St David Street, Edinburgh. Discover short videos related to 900 bus to glasgow from edinburgh on TikTok. Bus Service Operated by Scottish Citylink (licensed as ). Timetable Start Date: 07/06/2021 End Date: 11/05/2023 The City of Edinburgh Council (through Transport for Edinburgh) owns 91%, Midlothian Council 5%, East Lothian Council 3% and West Lothian Council 1%.. Lothian operates the majority of bus services in Edinburgh, and is a significant operator in East Lothian, Midlothian and most recently West Lothian. Inbound; Thursday 26th We partner with the top bus & train carriers to bring you the best deals. Download timetable. We help you find & compare the best buses & trains in one place. Travel by bu $127.00. If you have lost something in the bus station, please phone 0141 333 3708 (09:00 to 16:45 Monday to Saturday). All regions; 900 Edinburgh Glasgow. Diagram Map. Services 900, AIR, N900 Glasgow to Edinburgh Airport. Price is for a one-way ticket for one passenger and based on past departures. Outbound. It operates every 15 minutes during the day, every 30 minutes in the evening, and 04:56. Service 900, AIR, N900 Glasgow to Edinburgh Airport. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us.
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This indicator is simple, uncomplicated, and easy to see.
There is no need to study separately and it applies to most items.
1. Observe signal from upside reversal. We do not anticipate a downgrade.
2. The signal must be upward and only the green histogram should be bought. The value of the histogram should be higher than the signal.
3. Signal crosses zero with golden cross then sells again when signal crosses the signal line again.
4. If your judgment is not good, you should increase the chart cycle.
- It is free for testing now, but it can be locked at a later date.
- Feedback is always welcome. Your reply may be delayed, but I will reply.
이 지표는 심플하고 복잡하지 않으며, 보기 쉽게 만들어 졌습니다.
별도의 공부가 필요없고, 대부분의 항목에 적용 됩니다.
1. 시그널이 상향반전시 부터 관찰한다. 하향시에 예상 매수하지 않는다.
2. 반드시 시그널이 상향하고 녹색 히스토그램에만 매수하여야 한다. 시그널보다 히스토그램의 값이 높아야 한다.
3. 시그널이 0을 골든크로스 한뒤 히스토그램이 재차 시그널선을 골든크로스 하면 매도한다.
4. 판단이 잘 서지 않으면, 차트 주기를 늘려서 확인하여야 한다.
- 테스트용으로 현재는 무료이나, 추후에 잠길 수 있습니다.
- 피드백은 언제나 환영합니다. 답장이 늦어질 수 있으나, 반드시 답변 하겠숩니다.
improving the functionality of the script for sale.
- Can use the second signal.
- Can set the length of the UPSHOT.
- making a signal with UPSHOT.
추후 판매용으로 제공할 스크립트를 우선 개발합니다.
- 두번째 시그널을 사용할 수 있다.
- UPSHOT의 길이를 설정 할 수 있다.
- UPSHOT과 함께하는 신호기를 제작중이다.
- 가시성을 좀 더 확보하려 한다.


Stainless Steel Handle This oven offers a sturdy stainless steel handle, giving your kitchen a clean, professional look.
Griddle You can make the perfect Sunday breakfast with a griddle on your range. Make the perfect pancake, grill some sausage links, or even get a great sear on a fish filet for dinner.
Double Oven Holiday feasts can take a long time to prepare. Cook multiple dishes with different heat settings at the same time with a double oven design.
Star-K Certified Star-K professionals inspect home appliances from top to bottom to confirm that they meet all requirements for proper religious observances. When you see that a product is Star-K certified, you can trust that it can be used during the Sabbath and on annual holidays.
Primary Oven Capacity: 5.75 Cu. Ft.
Secondary Oven Capacity: 2.5 Cu. Ft.
GE Consumer and Industrial spans the globe as an industry leader in major appliance, lighting and integrated industrial equipment systems and services. They provide solutions for commercial, industrial and residential use in more than 100 countries which uses innovative technologies and "ecomagination." It's a GE initiative to aggressively bring to market new technologies that help customers and consumers meet pressing environmental challenges to deliver comfort, convenience and electrical protection and control. GE brings imagination to work. Available at AJ Madison.
No matter how you look at it, the GE Monogram Collection puts the kitchen of your dreams within the realm of possibility. With three distinct styles and seemingly endless options for customization, only Monogram gives you complete freedom to follow your vision.
Monogram integrated appliances reflect a mindset that says, "Fine design endures." Shaped and polished to seamless perfection, these sleekly styled appliances capture the essence of timeless sophistication.
Monogram professional appliances offer a slightly different angle on appliance design. Lustrous, premium-grade stainless steel with chamfered, hand-finished edges makes a powerfully compelling statement that translates boldly and beautifully to any decor.
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35 1/4" to 36 3/4"
3 1/4" to 4 3/4"
Authentic Professional appearance with premium-grade, 304 stainless steel with smoothly finished edges, large electronic control knobs and heavy duty handles.
Sealed, dual-flame stacked burners deliver a full spectrum of heat settings, from an ultra-low 140°F simmer to an intense 18,000 BTUs.
Monogram Professional oven system combines European, Reverse-Air convection technology and six heating elements in each oven to provide superb baking results.
Heavy-duty, full-extension racks glide smoothly in and out on stainless steel ball bearings for easy access, and are designed to remain in the oven during the self-clean cycle.
LED task lights below the bullnose provide a functional and theatrical touch.
Stainless steel and aluminum-clad griddle offers 18,000 BTUs of cooking power, allowing fast and consistent heating across the entire cooking surface.
Electronic ignition with automatic reignition ensures a continuous flame and reignites automatically if accidentally extinguished.
Reversible burner grates are flat on one side and uniquely contoured on the other to accommodate round-bottom woks.
A caterer's oven is uniquely sized to accommodate three full-sized sheet trays.
Everyday oven is just the right size for 9" x 13" casserole dishes.
Halogen light columns provide a clear view, regardless of rack position.
Large temperature and time displays make it easy to monitor cooking progress.
Stainless steel griddle cover included with the range.
Optional full-width stainless steel toekicks is included with the range.
A bamboo cutting board is included.
Optional fixed (12 inch) or adjustable-height (30 - 36 inch) backsplashes are available.
Star-K certification allows Monogram ranges to operate in Sabbath mode.
A 48" or 54" wide professional vent hood with a minimum 1200 CFM is recommended for installation over this range.
Please see Monogram Special Offer for more details.


text:
Ben Likes To Code
Ben Oberkfell
Recommitting to Blogging
In light of (waves at everything) I feel like good old long-form blogging is a better mental outlet and longer-durability than social media. I've been working on my annual self-review at work and I've realized that I've done plenty of stuff that could have been blog material, and that inversely,
Tracing "Application Not Responding" Errors Like A Boss
If you've been an Android user or an Android developer long enough, you'll have run into dialogs like this. As a developer, it's a sure-fire way to get yourself a one star review. Why do you get these dialogs? Because you're doing some long-running operation on,
Android Quickie: Accessing Local Resources with "adb reverse"
Note: This was originally published in 2016, but the features still work today. Our mobile backend can run locally on our workstations, but it has to access resources within the company firewall. And because of Bank Grade Security™ we can't have our mobile devices on the same network as
Tracing the Android Build System's Manifest Merger, or "Where'd that permission come from?"
On a project at work, we've been doing a review of unnecessary permissions while we're working towards adopting Android 6.0's runtime permission model. For instance, we had some app functionality which would immediately invoke a phone call (using ACTION_CALL), which requires the CALL_PHONE permission.
Ben Likes To Code © 2023


Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS) are devices that communicate information about the WALK and DON'T WALK intervals at signalized intersections, in non-visual formats, to pedestrians who are blind or have low vision.
APS' have also proven to provide benefit to all pedestrians and especially children by alerting them to the instant when the walk sign turns on and the status of the walk cycle.
An APS that meets the current requirements in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices would have the following features and operate in the following manner.
When you approach an intersection where an APS is installed the first thing you will notice when you come within 6-12 feet of a push button, is a beeping sound emanating from the push button. This sound is called the "Locate Tone" and sounds once per second. It is intended to direct a visually impaired pedestrian to the push button. The volume of this should typically be low and only heard within 6-12 feet from the pole so it does not disturb the surrounding public.
On the button is a raised tactile arrow pointing in the direction of the crosswalk. This helps a visually impaired pedestrian to orient themself in the direction of the crosswalk. Each time the button is pushed one should hear the word "wait".
An APS can be programmed with custom messages giving the street names and the street being crossed. If the button is pushed and held until a click is heard, this indicates there is no special message. Depending on the extended push time which can be from 1 to 6 seconds, when the button is pushed and held until the extended push time is met, if the unit is programmed with a custom message, instead of the click sound the custom message will play. The direction of travel can also be added to the custom message. Braille can be added to the sign giving the name of the street being crossed.
When the pedestrian walk signal turns on the button vibrates and either a rapid tick sound or a custom walk message will be heard during the walk phase. The walk sound typically plays for the entire time the walk light is on. However, if the walk period is exceptionally long, or set to rest in walk, the walk sound can be limited for how long it plays.
When the walk message turns off and the Clearance phase (flashing don't walk) turns on, the button can be set to play the Locate Tone, or a different sound, or an audible countdown of how many seconds are left in the clearance phase. Once the clearance phase ends the button will play the Locate Tone.
Most APS buttons have a built in microphone that measures ambient sound and increases the volume level played by the button as needed to be heard over traffic noise.
Some APS buttons have the capability to boost the volume for one walk cycle if the button receives an extended push. This way when a blind person uses the button the volume is a bit louder for their crossing, but quiet all other times. Some systems can also mute all sounds except for the crosswalk in which the button was pushed. Some APS buttons/systems can be programmed to reduce volumes during certain times/days. Some APS systems can be programmed to give warning messages when emergency vehicles or trains are approaching.


Debunking Christianity: Richard Carrier on the Free ebook Offer of "God or Godless"
Richard Carrier on the Free ebook Offer of "God or Godless"
I'd recommend starting any debate online, for example, by having both sides read the corresponding mini-debate in this book, and then continuing from there. And if you just want some ideas for how to debate these topics in general, or even to help you think about them in building your own philosophy of life, this book is well suited as a primer for the task. Even if you don't think either side is making the very best possible defense of their position, it's even a useful task to think through how you'd do it better, since both are representative of some of the best approaches. So even then it's a good place to start. LINK.
He joins other atheist reviewers like Robert Price in recommending this book. And, did I say you can get it free today, July 1st? That's right!.


This is a placeholder page for Lisa Brock, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Lisa Brock.
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Empower your WhatsApp communications using automated responses. Create fast replies for your most received questions.
If you often reply to the same customer questions, consider saving those replies as canned responses. It will shorten your response times and save keystrokes on repetitive typing. With canned responses, you type it once, save it and reuse it in chats whenever you need.
● Italic, Bold, Strikethrough and Monospace styles support.
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Fixed a bug that prevent click sometimes.


Daily Calendar Template For Excel – 2019 daily calendar template excel, daily appointment calendar template excel, daily calendar template 2017 excel, daily calendar template excel 2018, daily calendar template excel download, Monitoring the most important situations of existence, official meetings and daily events is not possible without any calendar. Technologies have state-of-the-art adequate to usher in gadgets like reminders and planners. Having said that, the convenience associated with a monthly calendar can not really be competed in opposition to. The more common customs of expending a dollar to order a calendar, or reminding oneself to achieve this is passé. You will discover printable designs of calendars of numerous kinds. You could print it on the practicality of your residence, should you have a personal computer with a web connection and a printing device.
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Who is Molly Kearney? Net Worth, Age, Height, Instagram, Twitter& More
Are You Searching For Who is Molly Kearney? Net Worth, Age, Height, Instagram, Twitter& More? Cheers, Then You are in the Right place.
Who is Molly Kearney?
How Much is the Net Worth of Molly Kearney in 2023?
How old is Molly Kearney?
Some Unknown Information About Molly Kearney:
Famous American actress and comedian Molly Kearney has appeared in movies like A League of Their Own, Significant Others, and Saturday Night Live. When it became known that she would be joining the cast of the renowned American television program Saturday Night Live, she gained notoriety. In addition to producing her own comedy stand-up show, The Big One, out of Highland Park in Los Angeles, Molly Kearney has performed alongside famed comic Carly Kane.
Know More: How old is Chris Pannullo?
American actress and comedian Molly Kearney is well-known for her parts in movies like A League of Their Own. It is unclear how much money she will be worth in 2023.
Comedian Molly Kearney { Source. marriedbiography.com}
Reports state that Molly Kearney is an American citizen, that her zodiac sign is unknown, and that she comes from an unidentified ethnic group. Molly Kearney was born on May 2, 1992, therefore based on her birthday, she is between the ages of 25 and 30. She is a citizen of the United States and was born in Los Angeles, California.
Molly Kearney
On September 15, four new featured performers will join the cast of Saturday Night Live, including Molly Kearney, who will join as the program's first nonbinary cast member in its 48-year history. Molly Kearney was selected for the 2019 Comedy Central "UP Next" showcase 7. She also appears in The Mighty Ducks on Disney+ and A League of Their Own on Amazon.
The four newest contestants on the show are Marcello Hernandez, Molly Kearney, Devon Walker, and Michael Longdellow. In 2021, Molly Kearney posted a funny picture on social media mocking Justin Bieber and putting her face on a photo of Justin cradling Hailey Bieber's feet.
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Molly Kearney was born in the United States in the city of Los Angeles, California.
Molly Kearney was born in American Los Angeles, California.
May 2, 1992–1997 is Molly Kearney's birthdate.
Molly Kearney is a 25 to 30 year old woman.
Molly Kearney turns two years old on May 2.
Unknown is the sister of Molly Kearney's name.
Categories Comedian Tags Molly Kearney, Molly Kearney Age, Molly Kearney Career, Molly Kearney Instagram, Molly Kearney Net Worth
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How old is Catherine Missal? Net Worth, Wikis Height, Boyfriend, Instagram& More


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Adventurous survival in the Amazon forest
Green Hell (Steam - 1.0)
January, 12th 2021 - Paid
Steam - 1.0
Win 7 | Win 8 | Win 8.1 | Win 10
www.greenhell-game.com
Lovers of survival games will come into their own in the new Green Hell. The creators of Creepy Jar planted it in the Amazon jungle - a huge complex of unexplored places where the real struggle for bare life begins. At first glance it might seem to be a multiplayer, but the opposite is true. Emphasis is placed on survival of the individual only by himself and enemies will be only the pitfalls of the forest, physical exhaustion and psychological burden on the lone players. But there is a cooperation mode, so you can play with your friends and get out of this green hell together.
In addition, the jungle is full of dangerous wild animals and tropical diseases that can kill even the best physically prepared individuals are not to be forgotten. The story is quite mysterious and you will find out everything using a walkie-talkie, at the end of which you will hear the voice of a loved one who will gradually reveal everything to you. In order not to be overwhelmed by the forest, you will have to make fire, build a home camp, and produce animal traps to survive. Of course there is hunting or collecting fruits around you.
Did you hurt yourself? You have to put the wound on. Did you have an unexpected illness? You only have a few days to heal, otherwise you quit. The exotic environment of South America brings a ton of new and unexplored game content with everything that belongs to the forest - mammals, endless quantities of insects, birds, reptiles, the richest flora in the world, and a dynamically changing environment depending on the weather. If players feel that they are starting to fade or feel unwell physically, it is necessary to diagnose the body and heal themselves. Beware of the physical condition and mental state. Game is available on gaming platform Steam.
Maximum realistic
Detailed jungle processing
Hunting, harvesting crops
Diagnosis of diseases
Interesting story
Dynamically changing environment
Emphasis on human psychology
Tribal tribes as a bonus
Need to sleep and rest
Spiders, snakes, mammals, insects!
3D games Adventure games Horror games Sandbox Simulation games Survival
Safe & Secure - Paid
Green Hell Steam - 1.0
World War Polygon
Sort Ball
The Walking Dead: Saints & Sinners
Move to download
Copyright © 2020 SoftHarbour.com. All rights reserved.


ADVANOVA develops and markets the first mobile completely electronic patient chart VMobil.
With the help of VMobil, the paper-based medical records used in hospitals for the ward rounds, the documentation of a patient's condition and information on the status of the treatment are displayed electronically on tablet computers. VMobil is the first solution which completely supersedes paper-based medical records, is easy to use and at the same time allows for the same flexibility and complexity as a paper-based medical record. VMobil allows for the documentation of all medical and care services – especially on mobile devices like tablet computers. The system can be implemented seamlessly into existing systems.


Political debates rarely go well, but be careful if you are going to engage people. Don't debate with someone who won't listen. The rabid Trump supporters are just going to go along with everything he says.
Get involved in a great story. It's a great way to escape your woes. If you don't read, then start. If you do read, maybe try a different genre. Go a bit out of your comfort zone and try something new.
Go outside and blow bubbles. Get ice cream with sprinkles. Go play with your dog.
Get involved with something in your community. Pick a pet cause and get yourself out there. If you are financially able to, then you can donate to your favorite cause.
Make a list every day. What are you grateful for? Keep reminding yourself of that. It doesn't have to be very specific. It doesn't have to be anything huge. It can be little things that you use or do every day that you are grateful for.
If you have issues you are concerned about call your representatives (local, state, and/or federal). They may or may not help, but it will make you feel better to air out your grievances.


Apparel maker Phillips-Van Heusen abruptly replaced its chief executive yesterday, less than a year after he was handpicked for the job.
The unexpected announcement that Emanuel Chirico, 48, the president and chief operating officer, would replace Mark Weber as chief executive was even more puzzling given that PVH's business, which includes Calvin Klein and Izod labels, is performing well.
The company yesterday raised earnings guidance for fiscal 2005 and 2006. PVH said it now expects to exceed a previously announced range of $1.97 to $1.99 a share in 2005 and to earn $2.11 to $2.18 in 2006.
Nevertheless, the stock was off 74 cents, or 2 percent, to close at $36.09 in New York Stock Exchange trading.
A 33-year veteran of PVH, Weber, who assumed the CEO title in June, was handpicked by former CEO Bruce Klatsky, who retained the role of chairman.
Despite such a strong endorsement, relations between Weber and the board soon grew strained. Board members became concerned over Weber's management style, which was more flamboyant than was his predecessor's.
An avid golfer, Weber enjoyed tagging along on advertising shoots to exotic locales, sources said. His personal style tended toward jeans and button-down shirts, which was at odds with PVH's corporate image.
Known as a good salesman with a flair for merchandising, Weber had less command over complicated financial matters, an area of particular strength for his successor.
Weber spent the last week in Las Vegas, walking the floor of a trade show as if it were business as usual, sources said.
He returned home to face the board at a hastily arranged meeting over the weekend.
"He didn't want to conform and he lost the confidence of the board," one source said.
PVH spokeswoman Marcia Horowitz declined to comment beyond the press release.
Details of Weber's severance package are still being finalized and will be made public in later securities filing.


Join Millennium Arts Salon to enjoy Mark Twain's timeless classic, reimagined for modern audiences. The story sweeps us down the mighty Mississippi as the irrepressible Huck Finn helps his enslaved friend Jim escape to freedom at the mouth of the Ohio River. Touching and timeless, this tale of friendship against all odds is recreated for young audiences as two best friends demonstrate the power of changing the world.
Join us afterward, for a panel discussion featuring historian Bernie Demzcuk and muralist Aniekan Udofia of Ben's Chili Bowl.
Adventure Theatre is a Helen Hayes Award winning professional theatre that produces plays for multi-generational families. Led by Artistic Director Michael J. Bobbitt and Managing Director Leon Seemann, ATMTC is a nationally recognized leader in the arts and Equity, Diversity, and Inclusivity.


Some who sold homes during the bubble are buying again, drawn by deals, despite the possibility of further price drops.
Mark Kiesel saw the real estate crash coming.
Kiesel, a managing director at investment firm Pimco, wasn't alone in his 2006 warning of a looming housing market meltdown. But he was among the few who put his money -- in his case, a lot of it -- where his mouth was.
Kiesel and his wife, Amy, sold their Newport Beach house in the summer of 2006 for 20% more than they had paid and moved into an apartment one-fifth the size.
Now, news reports highlight signs of a real estate market bottom. And the Kiesels are still renting.
Just as experts couldn't precisely time the bursting of the housing bubble, no one claims to know exactly when the market will hit its bottom.
There are plenty of pundits weighing in with predictions on when the housing crisis will end, but knowing what to do is tougher than knowing what to say. For those who sold homes during the bubble, actions can be as telling as words.
"We're not there yet," Kiesel said, referring to the bottom in housing prices. "I plan to buy when I can get a place for 50 cents on the dollar" compared with the market peak, he said.
Kiesel turned out to be right about the housing bubble. But three years ago, he didn't think the crash was going to be as prolonged as it has turned out to be. The Kiesels probably will stay in the apartment longer than planned, he said, perhaps even until 2011.
Declining prices are driving home sales up over last year's levels in Southern California and statewide. Nationally, sales are still below year-earlier levels but have been inching up.
Nobel laureate and Princeton University economist Paul Krugman and his economist wife, Robin Wells, bought a $1.7-million Manhattan apartment this month. The New York residence had earlier been listed for close to $2.5 million.
Dean Baker, a Washington economist, also bought recently. Baker began warning of a housing bubble in 2002 and got even more nervous as prices kept rising.
Baker and his wife, Helene Jorgensen -- also an economist -- sold their Washington apartment in 2004 and rented a place a couple of blocks away. Although they got about three times the 1997 purchase price, Baker and Jorgensen might have made more if they had held on a year or two longer.
That's why Baker and Jorgensen bought a house recently in Washington. The bottom isn't here yet, he says, but it's close enough for him. Baker said he's psychologically prepared for his house to fall 10% more in value.
That risk, he said, was offset a bit by the 4.25% mortgage rate he obtained and an $8,000 federal tax credit. He also emphasized that a house isn't just a financial instrument but something one might decide to spend money on for enjoyment.
"I really value having a porch, a yard, other things like that," he said, and he's willing to pay a price for them -- just not any price.
UCLA public policy professor Mark Kleiman also thinks markets can't be precisely timed. "I'm always happy to get in late and get out early," he said. Kleiman sold his house in 2005 and warned on his blog that real estate prices had zoomed into bubble territory.
Although prices are down, he thinks the safe position is to hold off for now. Kleiman is still renting the Brentwood apartment he moved into after selling.
"Two years ago it was clearer we were still headed down. Now it's not so clear how much more we're heading down, but it's also not clear we're at the bottom," he said.
That's because Westside prices, Kleiman said, are still above what incomes can realistically support.
"When I moved here in 1995, I could afford the house I bought," he said. Now, even though prices have come down, Kleiman said he couldn't afford houses near UCLA on his salary, unless he made an unusually large down payment.
Some people who had been saving for years may be doing just that; others have taken advantage of recent record-low interest rates. That could be putting a floor under home prices.
Still, Kleiman thinks "we may not necessarily be at a natural bottom," because "I still think houses in Los Angeles are expensive on an absolute basis." The "natural bottom" would be the level at which homes would be affordable to people with a down payment of about 20% and fixed monthly payments that could be sustained on their incomes. The Westside is not close to that level yet, Kleiman said.
Kleiman and Kiesel may be more likely to wait because they live in markets far pricier than Baker, who paid $650,000 for his three-bedroom, 1,500-square-foot Washington house.
In Southern California, sales are brisk for homes priced near or below the current $265,000 median. The majority of those homes are foreclosures, so prices are often low enough to draw multiple offers from potential buyers.
Richard Toscano, who in 2004 started a popular San Diego housing-bubble blog called Piggington's Econo-Almanac, lately has been posting data showing home prices are favorable compared with incomes and rents in lower-priced parts of San Diego.
He's drawn fire from some, but others who have followed the blog for years have recently posted comments detailing home purchases. Toscano, who sold his San Diego condominium in 2002 (he said the sale was due more to a job transfer than his belief in a bubble then), is still holding off on buying for various personal reasons, he said.
But he thinks it's no longer dangerous to buy in some areas.
"We have this weird, disparate bottoming," he said. "In some areas we may be there already, but others are not nearly as close."
Kiesel thinks places such as his home turf in Newport Beach are among those headed for steeper price drops. Interest rates for jumbo mortgages are still relatively high, and lenders are routinely requiring 35% down payments on loans greater than $729,000, limiting the pool of people who can afford homes in the millions of dollars, he said.
Kiesel didn't want to talk about the price details of his own home sale and purchase, but said that when he buys again, he will require jumbo financing.
In that segment, Kiesel said, demand is low because few people have the income and savings to afford the high prices and obtain loans. Supply will grow, he said, as owners of expensive homes purchased during the bubble years find they must sell at a loss or be foreclosed on.
Although widespread foreclosures have brought prices down in lower-priced areas, more affluent homeowners have been able to avoid defaulting on mortgages thus far.
That's about to change, Kiesel says, because falling property values are putting more wealthy homeowners underwater, where the value of the home is less than the mortgage. He estimates 35% to 40% of homeowners nationwide will, by the end of next year, owe more on their homes than the properties are worth.
As prices continue to fall at the high end and those homeowners get deeper underwater, they'll have to sell at prices well below today's levels, or get foreclosed on, which will result in the homes being resold by lenders at cut rates.
Meanwhile, rents are falling. Kiesel's rent hasn't increased and others in his building have gotten rent reductions recently, Kiesel said.
The house Kiesel sold in 2006 has been back on the market for about six months, he said. Would he buy it back?
Only if the owner "would sell it to me for 50 cents on the dollar," Kiesel said.
He doesn't expect that to happen soon.


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Home Articles Capital Market With the Sidelining of Its Chief Risk Officer, Axis Bank Institutionalises Conflict...
With the Sidelining of Its Chief Risk Officer, Axis Bank Institutionalises Conflict of Interest
The dual reporting structure comes at a time the bank should be strengthening and not diluting the independence of its risk management team.
SOURCEThe Wire.in
Risk management is the control and nerve centre of a bank. The independence of control and vigilance functions like risk management and audit has to be fiercely protected by the board of directors and the banking regulator. So when a major bank starts downgrading its chief risk officer (CRO), not only depositors, but the banking regulator (the Reserve Bank of India) and the general public, ought to sit up and take notice. The question arises: what's behind such a move?
Axis Bank has quietly clipped the powers of its CRO, Cyril Anand, who was appointed on May 1, 2016. His predecessor, Bapi Munshi, reported directly to Shikha Sharma, the Chief Executive Officer, but when the new CRO took charge the reporting structure was altered. Now he also has to report to Jairam Sridharan, the bank's chief financial officer (CFO). The change in the reporting was not disclosed to the public and the stock exchanges, on the ground that the CRO is not considered "key management personnel" by the bank. But this is an extremely relevant development for depositors and investors at a time when the Indian government is planning to sell its remaining 11.5% stake in Axis Bank (valued at Rs. 14,645 crores) in late October or early November 2016.
Axis Bank confirmed to The Wire that the new CRO had also to report to the CFO, but the bank declined to specify his date of appointment on the grounds that it was "not public information." An email sent to the bank stating that the new CRO was appointed on May 1, 2016 and that his new reporting was concurrent from that date has not been contradicted.
Surprisingly, less than 3 months later after the new CRO's appointment, Axis claimed: "The Chief Risk Officer reports to the Managing Director and CEO and the Risk Management Committee of the Board oversees the functioning of the Department." Why Axis Bank, in its June quarter results announcement, failed to disclose the factual position on the CRO's reporting remains a mystery.
Indeed, Axis Bank's latest annual report for the year ended March 31, 2016 acknowledges the role of risk management when it states, "The independent [emphasis ours] risk management structure within the Bank is responsible for managing the credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and other [Basle] Pillar 3 risks like reputational risk and strategic risk and exercising oversight on risks associated with subsidiaries." The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Guidelines for Corporate Governance, unequivocally state that the CRO should not wear dual hats: "..(chief operating officer, CFO, chief auditor or other senior manager should in principle not also serve as the CRO). While formal reporting lines may vary across banks, the CRO should report and have direct access to the board or its risk committee without impediment."
By creating a dotted hierarchal line between the CRO and the CFO, Axis Bank has deliberately entered a grey area and devalued the importance of the highly sensitive post of CRO and has subordinated it to financial management.
Role of the CEO and the board
One of the critical functions of a bank CEO is to directly monitor risk and credit quality as it is weakness in these critical areas which normally adversely impacts banks. In Axis Bank, Shikha Sharma has changed this time tested tradition by incorporating a dual reporting system for the CRO, effectively passing on the responsibility of risk management from her to the CFO.
Corporate governance structures for banks encourage direct access to the board by the CRO and the post's independent direct reporting to the board is to ensure that the board is independently informed of risk management. As Axis Bank has confirmed to us that the dotted line reporting by the CRO to the CFO had the support of the board, it indicates that the board has quietly endorsed the CEO's decision for the dual reporting structure. This at a time when Axis Bank is facing asset quality stress, high retail credit growth and issues of timely disclosure. These issues require the strengthening of independence of risk management and not its dilution.
CRO instrumental in formation of "watch list"
The change in the reporting hierarchy follows the pivotal role played by risk management in convincing Axis Bank to disclose its. Rs 22,628 crore-strong "watch list" of poor quality corporate loans. These loans constitute around 45% of its equity in the fourth quarter of fiscal year (FY) 2016. In an unusual development, the bank disclosed in its "watch list" presentation that "the process of creating the list was driven by the Bank's Risk Management team, led by CRO," thereby admitting the important role of risk management. Until the 4QFY2016, and despite deterioration in corporate loans in government banks and analyst concerns on asset quality, Axis Bank and its CFO was assuring investors that the bank had no significant asset quality issue. It appears that while assurances were being generously given, risk management was sounding the alarm bells, which finally led to the public disclosure of the "watch list." By the bank's own admission, 60% of the "watch list" loans would become non-performing in a short period requiring the bank to provide 70% for these loans. This highlights the abysmally poor quality of these corporate loans, the state of corporate credit expertise and timely disclosure at the bank.
In Axis Bank's organisational structure there is no individual directly responsible for credit, and credit responsibilities are split in different verticals. The head of corporate credit and the head of small and medium enterprise credit report to the deputy managing director, while the head of retail credit reports to the executive director in-charge of retail. The reporting structure of the credit heads remained unchanged and, it appears that to enhance the role of a rising star in the bank, the CRO's position was diluted and he was also made to report to the CFO.
CFO – Whiz kid or blue eyed boy?
The 41-year old, Jairam Sridharan, credited with the bank's successful retail foray, has had a meteoric rise since joining Axis Bank in June 2010 (Shikha Sharma was appointed as CEO a year earlier in June 2009). He has the unique distinction in the bank's history of skipping a grade (executive vice-president) in 2013 when he was promoted from senior vice-president directly to president and head, consumer lending and payments. Thereafter, and within two years, he was appointed CFO in October 2015. He has a background in retail banking with Capital One and in ICICI Bank, where he worked with Shikha Sharma. However, he has limited exposure to corporate credit and risk management. According to an Economic Times article, the best advice he received in his life, has been from Shikha Sharma, "finish what you start". Given his phenomenal rise within the bank the admiration appears to be mutual.
In the age of capital markets and the global dominance of financial capital, investor relations has emerged as a larger-than life function. This division, which nestles within a CFO's responsibilities, is to facilitate and educate institutional investor access, but its main role is to present the bank in the best possible light, deflect criticism, manage analysts' expectations and improve banks' stock market valuation. There is a direct and dangerous conflict of interest when the CRO is made to report to the CFO as the latter is instrumental in preparing internal budgets and forecasts and also providing a favourable impression of the bank to the capital markets. Typically the Axis Bank CFO on analyst calls has provided future guidance on critical parameters as fresh slippages of non-performing loans, credit costs (bad debt provisions as a percentage of loans), net interest margins, credit growth et al. If post such budgets and forward guidance given by the CFO, the CRO assesses that conditions have deteriorated necessitating a downward revision in the CFO's projections, will the CFO readily agree to the downgrade and a loss to his personal reputation if the CRO were to report to him?
Such conflicts of interest are normally understood by the senior management of banks and hence the CRO normally reports directly and only to the CEO or a senior executive director (not responsible for any business function) so as to not dilute the authority of risk management. Risk management is the edifice of a bank and it is shocking that the board of directors at Axis Bank consisting of supposedly independent and eminent individuals have rubber-stamped this dilution at a time when the bank is facing grave issues of timely disclosure, corporate asset quality and high retail credit growth. It is even more alarming that the Reserve Bank of India, the banking regulator is a mute spectator to this spectacle.
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Tamil literature is broadly classified as 'Perilakkiam' or major literary genres and 'Sittrilakkiam' or minor literary genres. The Sanskrit term 'Prabandham' was employed to denote the minor literary genres in Sanskrit literature. Similarly the word 'Prabandam' was first used by Adiarkku Nallar in the 12th century A.D. to denote minor Tamil literary forms. The list of 96 'Prabandhas' or minor literary forms was listed in his work 'Caduragarathy by Saint. Veeramamunivar, a Tamil scholar who lived in the 17th century A.D. Some of forms of Prabandham are: Anthathi (அந்தாதி), Arruppadai (ஆற்றுப் படை), Barani (பரணி), Chathaka (சதகம்), Kalampakas (கலம்பகம்), Kathal (காதல்), Kovai (கோவை), Kuravanji (குறவஞ்சி), Matal (மடல்), Malai (மாலை), Pallu (பள்ளு), Pathikam (பதிகம்), Pillaithamil (பிள்ளைத் தமிழ்), Thandakam (தாண்டகம்), Toothu (தூது), Ula (உலா) etc.
Basic elements of meter in classical Tamil poetry (செய்யுள்): The general grammar for a Tamil poem consists of Ezhuththu, Seer, Thalai, Adi, Thodai, and Oosai. Each Tamil alphabet (including vowels, consonants and consonant vowel compunds) is known as ezhuththu (எழுத்து) with short sounds (kuril) and the ones with long sounds (nedil). Two or more letters form 'Asai' (அசை), (syllable is more or less equal term). Ner asai and nirai asai are two forms of asai. Two or more asais form cheer (சீர்). Cheer is nothing but the metrical root or simply the word - two types: i.e, Iyar cheer (இயற்சீர்) and Ven cheer (வெண்சீர்). There is another important rule that governs the `seyyul' (செய்யுள்), this is called `thalai' (தளை) (connectivity rule). A set of well defined metric rules define thalai, the grammar for various forms of poetry. Another rule 'Adi' (அடி) decides the number of lines in a poetic form minimum two lines and maximum any number of lines i.e, Kural two lines; Venpa four lines. Yet another rule 'Thodai' decides sound and rhythm i.e, Edhugai (எதுகை), Monai (மோனை), Muran (, முரண்) and Iyaibu (இயைபு).
The poems composed during Sangam period (3rd Century B.C. to 3rd Century A.D.) employed poetic forms like Venpa (வெண்பா), Kalipa (கலிப்பா), Asiriyapa (ஆசிரியப்பா), Vanjipa (வஞ்சிப்பா). Specific thalais for Venpa, Kalipa, Asiriyapa, Vanjipa were specified in the grammar.
The poetic forms used in Sangam literature were difficult to understand by common man. Therefore the earlier four forms of Sangam poetry underwent modifications. The post sangam poets experimented various poetic forms. They used two cheers (syllables), six cheers (syllables), seven cheers (syllables) and eight cheers (syllables) and employed a blend of 'Viruttham' with kali and aasiriyam to convey specific themes potentially comprehensible to common public. Virutham form was used to enhance sound and rhythm. In due course 96 Prabandhams got evolved and many poets found them handy to convey their ideas. As a reult the innovations for Prabandhas poetic form included kali-veNbaa (கலி வெண்பா), Kochcha-k-kalippaa கொச்சக் கலிப்பா), Vanji viruttham (வஞ்சி விருத்தம்), Aasiriya viruttham (ஆசிரிய விருத்தம்) etc.
In Tamil literature, 'Prabandam' - a form of poetry, in which there are 96 different types. Some of the popular forms of Prabandhams are: Ammanai (அம்மாணை), Anthathi (அந்தாதி), Arruppadai (ஆற்றுப் படை), Barani (பரணி), Chathaka (சதகம்), Kalampakas (கலம்பகம்), Kathal (காதல்), Kovai (கோவை), Kurathi Pattu (குறத்திப் பாட்டு), Kuravanji (குறவஞ்சி), Matal (மடல்), Narpathu (நாற்பது), Pallu (பள்ளு), Pathikam (பதிகம்), Pillai thamil (பிள்ளைத் தமிழ்), Thandakam (தாண்டகம்), Toothu (தூது), Ula (உலா), Vanji (வஞ்சி) etc.
Agaval (அகவல்): Agaval is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is a type of Tamil poetry belonging to the family of Akaval paa (அகவல் பா). Example: Vinayakar Akaval by poetess Avvaiyar(அவ்வையார் பாடிய விநாயகர் அகவல்), Keerththith thiru agaval (கீர்த்தித் திரு அகவல்), Tiruchendur Akaval (திருச்செந்தூர் அகவல்), Arutperum jothi akaval (அருட்பெரும் ஜோதி அகவல்), Thiruvarutpa akaval (திருவருட்பா அகவல்), Mīnatchiyamman̲ akaval (மீனாட்சியம்மன் அகவல்). Number of lines vary from three to hundred.
Ammanai (அம்மானை): Ammanai is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is a type of Tamil poetry belonging to the family of "Tharavu kochchaga kalippa" (தரவு கொச்சகக் கலிப்பா). This kind of poetry usually related with an indoor game of the Tamils i.e., Ammanai (அம்மானை) and the game was popular among teenage girls. Ammanai has the form of questions and answers. Ammanai poems normally adopts the rules of a venpa (வெண்பா), on the contrary it can occasionally have kalithalais (கலித்தளை) and belongs to the kalippa (கலிப்பா) family. Example: Akilathirattu Ammanai (அகிலத்திரட்டு அம்மானை), Ramappaiyan Ammanai (இராமப்பய்யன் அம்மானை), Tiruvasakam Tiruammanai by Manickavasakar (மாணிக்க வாசகர் அருளிய திருவாசகம் - திரு அம்மானை).
Andhadhi (அந்தாதி): Andhaathi is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is the unique type of Tamil poetry wherein "the poem is composed in such a way that the successive poem should start with the word, that is the ending word of the previous verse." In few representations, "the last word of the a series of verses becomes the beginning of the very first verse." In this way the poetical composition arriving at the form of true garland of verses. In Sanskrit 'Andha' means end and 'Adhi' means beginning. Saint Karakkalammaiyar (Nayanmar) is believed to have sung the first Andhadhi in Tamil. 'Arputha Thiruvandhandhi' (அற்புதத் திருவந்தாதி), 'Irattai Manimalai Andhadhi (இரட்டை மணி மாலை அந்தாதி). Saraswati Andhadhi (சரஸ்வதி அந்தாதி) by Ottakoothar and Satagopar Andhadhi சடகோபர் அந்தாதி are classics. Abirami Andhadhi (அபிராமி அந்தாதி) by Abirami Pattar and Kandhar Andhahdi கந்தர் அந்தாதி,is very much popular even today. Mudhal Tiruvandhadhi (முதல் திருவந்தாதி) by Poigai Alvar, Irandam Tiruvandhadhi (இரண்டாம் திருவந்தாதி) by Bhoothathalvar, Moondram Tiruvandhadhi (மூன்றாம் திருவந்தாதி) by Peyalvar forming part of Nalayira Divya Prabandham. Thiruvannath Andhadhi (திருவண்ணத்தந்தாதி), Thiruvandhadhi (திருவந்தாதி) etc.
Anubhuti (அநுபூதி): "Anubhuthi," is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It means "Blessing" or "Boon." "Anubhuthi," is a type of Tamil poetical form adopted from Sanskrit. It is a kind of devotional poetry. "Anubhuthi" means, in simple terms,"God Experience" or "direct or immediate Experience of God" or "non-dual / Advaidic realization." Arunagirinathar's Kanthar Anubhuthi is the Bakthi literature devoted to Lord Skanda. Sri Ramana Anubhuti is on saint Ramana Maharishi.
Arruppatai (ஆற்றுப்படை): Arruppatai is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is a type of Sangam Tamil poetical form and forming part of the Pattupattu (பத்துப்பாட்டு) Ten Tamil Idylls - the anthology of ten mid length books from Minor Eighteen Anthology Series (பதினெண்கீழ்கணக்கு). Most of the anthologies in the Pattupattu collection use Arruppadtai style. The poems comprise descriptions of Tamil country, Tamil landscape and Tamil seasons. In Aatrupadai, a literary form in which you will find the treatment like travelogues. "A bard or a minstrel (பாணன்) who has received bountiful gifts from some wealthy patron is supposed to direct another to the same Maecenas." The poetical form takes every chance to bring out in depth the nature, landcape, irrigation, social life, and wealthiness of the territory that has to be traversed to reach the palace of the patron and his philantrophy. Example: Cirupanaarrupadai, Perumbanarruppadai, Porunarrupadai, Thirumurugarruppadai, etc.
Kalambakam (கலம்பகம்): Kalambakam is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is a type of Tamil literature wherein the composition represents like a garland of different flowers. The poems shows different forms and content. The first Kalambakam was Nandikkalampakam (நந்திக்கலம்பகம்) by an unknown author. However the poet was the contemporary of Nadivarma Pallava III. Example: Madurai Kalampakam மதுரைக் கலம்பகம், Kailai Kalambakam, கயிலைக் கலம்பகம், Pullirukkuvelur Kalampakam (புள்ளிருக்கு வேளூர்க் கலம்பகம்), Thiruperur Kalambakam (திருப்பேரூர்க் கலம்பகம்), Azhakar Kalambakam (அழகர் கலம்பகம்), Thiru-aranga-Kalambakam (திருவரங்கக் கலம்பகம்), Kachi Kalambakam (கச்சிக்கலம்பகம்) etc.
Kovai (கோவை): Kovai is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is a type of Post Sangam Period Tamil poems and composed and formulated to describe the hero and his heroism, valour, war skills, army, achievements, his ladylove and romances, heroic and noble deeds in a comprehensible form. It is a tribute to heroism. Example: Manicka Vasakar's Thirukkoavaiyar (திருக்கோவையார்), Thiruvarur Mummanik Kovai (திருவாருர்மும்மணிக்கோவை), Pandyan Kovai (பாண்டியன் கோவை), Thanjai Vanan Kovai (தஞ்சைவாணன்கோவை) etc.
Kuravanji (குறவஞ்சி ): Kuravanji also known as Kurattipattu is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is a form of ancient Tamil dance drama. The Kuravanji dance-drama form belongs to Tamil dramatic literature. It also combines three aspects of Tamil literature: Iyal (prose), isai (poetry) and natakam (drama). Kuravanji or Kurattippattu songs pivots round the palm reading by the Kuratti or gypsy woman. Example: Thirukuttrala Kuravanji (திருக்குற்றாலக் குறவஞ்சி), Thyakesar Kuravanji (தியாகேசர் குறவஞ்சி) Azhakar Kuravanji (அழகர் குறவஞ்சி), Bethlehem Kuravanji (பெத்லஹேம் குறவஞ்சி), Viralimalai Kuravanji (விராலிமலை குறவஞ்சி), Tiruchengodu Ardhanarisvarar Kuravanji (திருச்செங்கோடு அர்த்தநாரீச்சரர் குறவஞ்சி), Sarabendra Bhoopala Kuravanji (சரபேந்திர பூபாலக் குறவஞ்சி) etc.
Pallu (பள்ளு): Pallu is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. It is a type of Tamil poem composed during Nayak reign i.e, in the 17th and 18th centuries. Pallu genre songs were composed for the body of dancers or singers and they sing together in a gathering. Pallu literature depicts the social life of farmers of downtrodden caste. The affairs Pallu hero and the jealous attitudes of his two wives. Classes struggle, some classes triumph, ruthless economic exploitation and political oppression of the peasants by the landlord class are dealt in a satirical comedy. Example: Agasthiyar Pallu (அகஸ்தியர் பள்ளு), Kurukoor Pallu (குருகூர்ப்பள்ளு), Mukkoodar Pallu (முக்கூடற் பள்ளு), Nondip Pallu (நொண்டிப் பள்ளு), Tirukutralap Pallu ( திருக்குற்றாலப் பள்ளு) etc.
Example: Kalingattu-Parani (கலிங்கத்துப் பரணி), Thakkayaagap Parani (தக்கயாகப் பரணி), Aggyavathaip Parani (அஞ்ஞவதைப் பரணி), Tiruchendur Parani (திருச்செந்தூர்ப் பரணி), Iranyan Vathaip Parani (இரணியன் வதைப் பரணி) etc.
Sadakam (சதகம்) : Sadaka is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. Sadakam is the literary form from Sanskrit. 'Sadam' means One Hundred. The Tamil literay form comprising one hundred verses was known as Sadakam. Saint Manickavasagar's composition of Thiruvasagam Thirusadakam (திருவாசகம்-திருச்சதகம்) was sung on the Lord of Tiruperunthurai (Avudaiyarkovil). Kumaresa Sadakam (குமரேச சதகம்), Arapaleesura Sadakam (அறப்பளீசுர சதகம்), Tandalaiyaar sadakam (தண்டலையார் சதகம்), Kongumandala Sadakam (கொங்கு மண்டலச் சதகம்), Pandimandala Sadakam (பாண்டிமண்டலச் சதகம்) etc.
Ula (உலா): Ula is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. This Tamil poetical form descended from the prevailing folk traditions. The form of composition have been improvised to suit the requirement of Ula genre. The Saivite and Vaishanavite temples follow the procedure of carrying the procession deities around the temple corridors in open palanquins, charriots, cars etc. The procession is preceded by temple dansuse, vocal and instrument musicians who sing hymns in praise of the procesion deities. The ruling king when proceeding in a procession around the palace has become the subject for Ula. Example: Thirukkailaya Gnana Ula (திருக்கைலாய ஞான உலா), Aludaiya Pilliyar Thiru Ula (ஆளுடையபிள்ளையார்திருஉலா) etc.
Thuthu (தூது): Thuthu (Errand) is one of the 96 minor literary genres collectively known as 'Sittrilakkiyam' in Tamil. This form of Tamil poem is extended to the imagination of the poet. The hero seeks the help of animate objects like birds, animals, companion, danseuse, step-mother and inanimate objects like moon, clouds, breeze, Tamil language and even tobacco. Tirumaliruncholai Killaividu Thuthu (திருமாலிருஞ்சோலை கிள்ளை விடு தூது), Kachiyanantha Rudresar Vanduvudu Thuthu (கச்சியானந்த ருத்திரேசர் வண்டு விடு தூது), Madurai Chokkanathar Tamizhvidu Thuthu (மதுரைச் சொக்கநாதர் தமிழ் விடு தூது), Padmagirinathar Thendralvidu Thuthu (பத்மகிரிநாதர் தென்றல் விடு தூது), Maanvidu Thuthu (மான் விடு தூது), Pukiyilaividu Thuthu (புகையிலை விடு தூது) etc.