Chico >> Apartments and homes are springing up on a stretch of land on Nord Avenue that has sat mostly barren since the Great Recession.
Kevin Kramer, the land's developer, likes to call the neighborhood "Westside Stories" instead of the old name, Westside Place. Chicoans can expect to see at least 16 more homes completed as part of the first leg of the project, along with 20 new apartments in five four-plex units.
There are already a few rows of colorful homes in the area that were sold before Kramer started developing. Originally, the space — stretching from Purcell Lane to Rossetti Lane, west of Oak Way Park — was owned by New Urban Builders, which also build Doe Mill Neighborhood in southeast Chico.
Westside Place was intended to be a combination of commercial and residential, with "live/work" units that doubled as offices and apartments.
Tom DiGiovanni, president of New Urban Builders, said the short story is that the project, like so many others, was a victim of the Great Recession. It rolled in right after the neighborhood had public infrastructure established and the beginnings of its first 12 to 14 homes and two live/work units.
"When the real estate market crashed and the recession hit, we worked with the bank to find a buyer for the property," DiGiovanni said.
That buyer was Kramer, who purchased the land in late 2008. He said he was sitting on it for years, trying to decide what to do.
Now that the local market is back on its feet, construction is moving right along. Kramer and his wife, Robin, plan on building through to Rossetti Lane, where there is a public mailbox and neighborhood park space, leaving the rest of the property alone until they have a better idea of what they'd like to develop.
Apartments and homes come equipped with LED lights throughout, granite counters and high-end appliances. Apartments include mini-split HVAC systems, which allow residents to control temperature by room. Kevin Kramer said it helps residents save significantly on energy costs. They'll also feature polished concrete floors on the first level.
The neighborhood will offer homes with three bedrooms and two bathrooms and apartments varying from one- and two-bedroom studios and lofts to the two-bedroom and two-bath units in the four-plexes.
Two metal live/work units in the back of the development, on Ruskin Street, were framed when the Kramers bought the property. They have converted them into apartments and plan to fill one side of that street with other units that look similar but are not the live/work variety, for neighborhood design continuity.
The Kramers have a home in the Bay Area as well as Chico and raised two sons, now adults. They also own a student apartment complex in the south campus area, off Ivy and West 11th streets.
"People are saying, god, we're so glad something is happening with that property now," Robin Kramer said during a tour of the neighborhood Nov. 16. She'd heard at one point the area had been listed as one of the city's biggest eyesores because of its incomplete state, she said.
"Hopefully we've made up for it with the courtyards and nice landscaping," she said.
People have already noticed development out there and responded well. All the finished four-plexes are already rented out, and the Kramers anticipate the others will fill quickly.


text:
MacFarlane Heritage Trail: Benjamin McFarland 1767-1859
MacFarlane Heritage Trail --Ancestor Information Form
MACFARLANE HERITAGE TRAIL PROJECT
ANCESTOR INFORMATION FORM
ANCESTOR: Benjamin McFarland
BIRTH: 21 December 1767 (Source: date by family member, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. I have emailed him for the source of DOB and DOD). (Source: 1850 Census indicates 1767 and in Virginia.)
EMIGRATION (1st known ancestor): Robert McFarland 1680-1750
PARENTS' NAMES: John McFarland b. 4 February 1739 in Lancaster, Pa- d. 17 October 1803 in Buncombe, North Carolina. Mother: Mary Kinder b. 1742 Bedford, Bedford, Virginia-d. 1820?
Spouse: Ruth Buchanan Jack m. 15 July 1788 Greene, Tennessee. 1850 US Census list she is born in Pennsylvania around 1766. She died 6 September 1853 in Russell County, from wounds received in a fall. It states on the record that her father's last name was Jack. She, her son John (1792), grandson John (1815) died the same day 26 July from pneumonia and John (1792)'s wife, Elizabeth died 12 January 1853 from pneumonia.
Senator John McFarland III 1764-1820
ANCESTOR: Senator John McFarland III
DATE OF BIRTH: Feb 28, 1764 PLACE: prob. Bedford Co. Virginia
PARENTS' NAMES: John and Mary Kinder McFarland
CHILDREN'S NAMES: John (1787-1874) m. Mary Fleming; Anna (1790-1869) m. Joseph Hughes; William Bell (1792-1855) m. Nancy E. Smith; James E. (1795-1871) m. Jane Jackson; Rebecca (1798-1859) m. John Deaver; Mary (1800-1857) m. Jacob McFarland; Arthur (1803-1850) m. Elizabeth McClure, Trypheney Cambelle; Sarah Hale (1806-1877) m. Carroll George; Joseph (1809-abt. 1865) m. Mary Eliza McFarland; Nancy Caroline (1812-1909) m. Alexander Carson Sloan
MARRIAGE TO: Rebecca Bell PLACE: tradition says July 20, 1786 in VA
DATE OF DEATH: July 20, 1820
BURIAL: unknown place in Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri, probably on family land
RESIDENCES (List all, including years):
1. Big Otter River area, Bedford Co. Va 1764-1772 (See father's sheet)
2. Reed Creek area, Montgomery Co. (Wythe County today) 1772-1784 (See father's sheet)
3. Tennessee, south of the French Broad R. near Sevierville today: 1785 to 1799. (See father's sheet)
4. Buncombe/Haywood County, North Carolina: 1799-1815
Not only did John III inherit his father's land purchases, he made many investments of his own. He purchased land in the "flowery garden" on the east side of the Pigeon River, land along Richland Creek near present-day Waynesville, land along Beaverdam Creek, however his patent #1715 indicates the acreage where he lived.
Haywood County, NC:
Deed Book A, p. 16, State of North Carolina #1715. 160 acres purchase by John McFarland, Sr. at cost of 50 shillings for every 100 acres. County of Buncombe, east fork of the Pigeon River, including both sides where said McFarling now lives. Beginning on north side of William Cathey's branch, with Elijah Deaver's line. Entered Ap. 5, 1808. Warrant was originally issued to Joseph Henry. Signed by George Cathey and John Patton.
John McFarland, Sr. abt. 1706-1785
ANCESTOR: John McFarland (sometimes known as Scotland John)
DATE OF BIRTH: abt. 1706-1708 PLACE: northern Ireland
PARENTS' NAMES: Robert and Jennet McFarland
CHILDREN'S NAMES: Robert (1730-1798) m. Martha unk., Nancy (1731-? m. Andrew Evans), James (1733-1755), Rachel (1737-?) m. John Hunter, John (1739-abt. 1803) m. to Mary Kinder, Arthur (1741-? Died as an infant), Mary (1743-?) m. James Hunter, Joseph (1745-abt. 1795?) m. a Gullion, Benjamin (1747-1823) m. Mary Blackburn
MARRIAGE TO: Mary Montgomery PLACE: abt. 1728 in Lancaster Co. PA assumed
DATE OF DEATH: aft. 1785 (He sold property in Bedford Co. VA and signed the deed in 1785. He and Benjamin moved to Greene Co. TN, and there is record of a very old John McFarland manning the arsenal in Knoxville in 1793 when Col. Robert McFarland organized a militia to fight the Indians. So his death could be as late as aft. 1793) PLACE: prob. Greene Co. or Jefferson Co.TN
BURIAL: unknown
RESIDENCES:
1. Donegal township, Lancaster Co. 1720-abt. 1747 (see father Robert's sheet)
2. McFarland land, Reed Creek area, present day Wythe Co. VA 1747-1756
Although John McFarland had 5 land plats in this area surveyed between 1747 and 1752 (the first and largest was over 1000 acres in the Black Lick area of Reed Creek) the land he lived on seems to be the patent on Sally Run. The image below shows several of the patents close to Wytheville. The Black Lick patent is to the east of this picture.
1749 Survey to John McFarland, 327 acres on Sally Run, a branch of Reed Creek. Patent issued as 327 acres in Augusta Co. Patent Book 32, p. 167 on June 20, 1753. He sold this land to John Finley in Nov. 1773 while he and Mary were living in Bedford Co. (Montgomery Co. Order Book 1, p. 142) This eventually became part of the Rose Hill property of F.B.Kegley whose place is marked and is still currently in Kegley family hands.
To go to this property: Take N. 4th st. (Hwy. 52) north from downtown Wytheville, cross Hwy. 81, continue on Hwy. 52 till you see Rose Hill Rd. just past Tremough Dr. Go north (right) on Rose Hill Rd. (also called 656). It takes a sharp left then a sharp right around the Kegley property. The street dead ends at Akers Rd (600). Going either way would be the McFarland property on Sally Run.
John McFarland, Jr. 1739-1803
Robert McFarland 1675-1751
StartPrev123NextEnd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tag: positivity
My Corpus Brings All the Boys to the Yard
In two recent papers, one by Kloumann et al. (2012) and the other by Dodds et al. (2015), a group of researchers created a corpus to study the positivity of the English language. I looked at some of the problems with those papers here and here. For this post, however, I want to focus on one of the registers in the authors' corpus – song lyrics. There is a problem with taking language such as lyrics out of context and then judging them based on the positivity of the words in the songs. But first I need to briefly explain what the authors did.
In the two papers, the authors created a corpus based on books, New York Times articles, tweets and song lyrics. They then created a list of the 10,000 most common word types in their corpus and had voluntary respondents rate how positive or negative they felt the words were. They used this information to claim that human language overall (and English) is emotionally positive.
That's the idea anyway, but song lyrics exist as part of a multimodal genre. There are lyrics and there is music. These two modalities operate simultaneously to convey a message or feeling. This is important for a couple of reasons. First, the other registers in the corpus do not work like song lyrics. Books and news articles are black text on a white background with few or no pictures. And tweets are not always multimodal – it's possible to include a short video or picture in a tweet, but it's not necessary (Side note: I would like to know how many tweets in the corpus included pictures and/or videos, but the authors do not report that information).
So if we were to do a linguistic analysis of an artist or a genre of music, we would create a corpus of the lyrics of that artist or genre. We could then study the topics that are brought up in the lyrics, or even common words and expressions (lexical bundles or n-grams) that are used by the artist(s). We could perhaps even look at how the writing style of the artist(s) changed over time.
But if we wanted to perform an analysis of the positivity of the songs in our corpus, we would need to incorporate the music. The lyrics and music go hand in hand – without the music, you only have poetry. To see what I mean, take a look at the following word list. Do the words in this list look particularly positive or negative to you?
ain't
days did
didn't
i'm if
momma's
nest never
sighing
smell sorry
then think
told
withered
woke
you're
If we combine these words as Rivers Cuomo did in his song "Butterfly", they average out to a positive score of 5.23. Here are the lyrics to that song.
Yesterday I went outside
With my momma's mason jar
Caught a lovely Butterfly
When I woke up today
And looked in on my fairy pet
She had withered all away
No more sighing in her breast
I'm sorry for what I did
I did what my body told me to
I didn't mean to do you harm
But everytime I pin down what I think I want
it slips away – the ghost slips away
I smell you on my hand for days
I can't wash away your scent
If I'm a dog then you're a bitch
I guess you're as real as me
Maybe I can live with that
Maybe I need fantasy
A life of chasing Butterfly
I told you I would return
When the robin makes his nest
But I ain't never comin' back
I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry
Does this look like a positive text to you? Does it look moderate, neither positive nor negative? I would say not. It seems negative to me, a sad song based on the opera Madame Butterfly, in which a man leaves his wife because he never really cared for her. When we include the music into our consideration, the non-positivity of this song is clear.
Let's take a look at another list. How does this one look?
complicate
desecrate
down drink
flawed
hate have
insides
scraped
soul stay
violate
Based on the ratings in the two papers, this list is slightly more positive, with an average happiness rating of 5.46. When the words were used by Trent Reznor, however, they expressed "a deeply personal meditation on self-hatred" (Huxley 1997: 179). Here are the lyrics for "Closer" by Nine Inch Nails:
You let me violate you
You let me desecrate you
You let me penetrate you
You let me complicate you
I broke apart my insides
I've got no soul to sell
The only thing that works for me
Help me get away from myself
I want to fuck you like an animal
I want to feel you from the inside
My whole existence is flawed
You get me closer to god
You can have my isolation
You can have the hate that it brings
You can have my absence of faith
You can have my everything
Tear down my reason
It's your sex I can smell
You make me perfect
Help me become somebody else
Through every forest above the trees
Within my stomach scraped off my knees
I drink the honey inside your hive
You are the reason I stay alive
As Reznor (the songwriter and lyricist) sees it, "Closer" is "supernegative and superhateful" and that the song's message is "I am a piece of shit and I am declaring that" (Huxley 1997: 179). You can see what he means when you listen to the song (minor NSF warning for the imagery in the video). [1]
Nine Inch Nails: Closer (Uncensored) (1994) from Nine Inch Nails on Vimeo.
Then again, meaning is relative. Tommy Lee has said that "Closer" is "the all-time fuck song. Those are pure fuck beats – Trent Reznor knew what he was doing. You can fuck to it, you can dance to it and you can break shit to it." And Tommy Lee should know. He played in the studio for NIИ and he is arguably more famous for fucking than he is for playing drums.
Nevertheless, the problem with the positivity rating of songs keeps popping up. The song "Mad World" was a pop hit for Tears for Fears, then reinterpreted in a more somber tone by Gary Jules and Michael Andrews. But it is rated a positive 5.39. Gotye's global hit about failed relationships, "Somebody That I Used To Know", is rated a positive 5.33. The anti-war and protest ballad "Eve of Destruction", made famous by Barry McGuire, rates just barely on the negative side at 4.93. I guess there should have been more depressing references besides bodies floating, funeral processions, and race riots if the song writer really wanted to drive home the point.
For the song "Milkshake", Kelis has said that it "means whatever people want it to" and that the milkshake referred to in the song is "the thing that makes women special […] what gives us our confidence and what makes us exciting". It is rated less positive than "Mad World" at 5.24. That makes me want to doubt the authors' commitment to Sparkle Motion.
Another upbeat jam that the kids listen to is the Ramones' "Blitzkrieg Bop". This is the energetic and exciting anthem of punk rock. It's rated a negative 4.82. I wonder if we should even look at "Pinhead".
Then there's the old American folk classic "Where did you sleep last night", which Nirvana performed a haunting version of on their album MTV Unplugged in New York. The song (also known as "In the Pines" and "Black Girl") was first made famous by Lead Belly and it includes such catchy lines as
My girl, my girl, don't lie to me
Tell me where did you sleep last night
In the pines, in the pines
Where the sun don't ever shine
I would shiver the whole night through
Her husband was a hard working man
Just about a mile from here
His head was found in a driving wheel
But his body never was found
This song is rated a positive 5.24. I don't know about you but neither the Lead Belly version, nor the Nirvana cover would give me that impression.
Even Pharrell Williams' hit song "Happy" rates only 5.70. That's a song so goddamn positive that it's called "Happy". But it's only 0.03 points more positive than Eric Clapton's "Tears in Heaven", which is a song about the death of Clapton's four-year-old son. Harry Chapin's "Cat's in the Cradle" was voted the fourth saddest song of all time by readers of Rolling Stone but it's rated 5.55, while Willie Nelson's "Always on My Mind" rates 5.63. So they are both sadder than "Happy", but not by much. How many lyrics must a man research, before his corpus is questioned?
Corpus linguistics is not just gathering a bunch of words and calling it a day. The fact that the same "word" can have several meanings (known as polysemy), is a major feature of language. So before you ask people to rate a word's positivity, you will want to make sure they at least know which meaning is being referred to. On top of that, words do not work in isolation. Spacing is an arbitrary construct in written language (remember that song lyrics are mostly heard not read). The back used in the Ramones' lines "Piling in the back seat" and "Pulsating to the back beat" are not about a body part. The Weezer song "Butterfly" uses the word mason, but it's part of the compound noun mason jar, not a reference to a brick layer. Words are also conditioned by the words around them. A word like eve may normally be considered positive as it brings to mind Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve, but when used in a phrase like "the eve of destruction" our judgment of it is likely to change. In the corpus under discussion here, eat is rated 7.04, but that doesn't consider what's being eaten and so can not account for lines like "Eat your next door neighbor" (from "Eve of Destruction").
We could go on and on like this. The point is that the authors of both of the papers didn't do enough work with their data before drawing conclusions. And they didn't consider that some of the language in their corpus is part of a multimodal genre where there are other things affecting the meaning of the language used (though technically no language use is devoid of context). Whether or not the lyrics of a song are "positive" or "negative", the style of singing and the music that they are sung to will highly effect a person's interpretation of the lyrics' meaning and emotion. That's just the way that music works.
This doesn't mean that any of these songs are positive or negative based on their rating, it means that the system used by the authors of the two papers to rate the positivity or negativity of language seems to be flawed. I would have guessed that a rating system which took words out of context would be fundamentally flawed, but viewing the ratings of the songs in this post is a good way to visualize that. The fact that the two papers were published in reputable journals and picked up by reputable publications, such as the Atlantic and the New York Times, only adds insult to injury for the field of linguistics.
You can see a table of the songs I looked at for this post below and an spreadsheet with the ratings of the lyrics is here. I calculated the positivity ratings by averaging the scores for the word tokens in each song, rather than the types.
(By the way, Tupac is rated 4.76. It's a good thing his attitude was fuck it 'cause motherfuckers love it.)
Song Positivity score (1–9)
"Happy" by Pharrell Williams 5.70
"Tears in Heaven" by Eric Clapton 5.67
"You Were Always on My Mind" by Willie Nelson 5.63
"Cat's in the Cradle" by Harry Chapin 5.55
"Closer" by NIN 5.46
"Mad World" by Gary Jules and Michael Andrews 5.39
"Somebody that I Used to Know" by Gotye feat. Kimbra 5.33
"Waitin' for a Superman" by The Flaming Lips 5.28
"Milkshake" by Kelis 5.24
"Where Did You Sleep Last Night" by Nirvana 5.24
"Butterfly" by Weezer 5.23
"Eve of Destruction" by Barry McGuire 4.93
"Blitzkrieg Bop" by The Ramones 4.82
[1] Also, be aware that listening to these songs while watching their music videos has an effect on the way you interpret them. (Click here to go back up.)
Isabel M. Kloumann, Christopher M. Danforth, Kameron Decker Harris, Catherine A. Bliss, Peter Sheridan Dodds. 2012. "Positivity of the English Language". PLoS ONE. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0029484
Dodds, Peter Sheridan, Eric M. Clark, Suma Desu, Morgan R. Frank, Andrew J. Reagan, Jake Ryland Williams, Lewis Mitchell, Kameron Decker Harris, Isabel M. Kloumann, James P. Bagrow, Karine Megerdoomian, Matthew T. McMahon, Brian F. Tivnan, and Christopher M. Danforth. 2015. "Human language reveals a universal positivity bias". PNAS 112:8. http://www.pnas.org/content/112/8/2389
Huxley, Martin. 1997. Nine Inch Nails. New York: St. Martin's Griffin.
Author Joe McVeighPosted on April 12, 2015 April 12, 2015 Categories Academic Criticism, English language, linguistics, MusicTags corpus linguistics, English, Language, linguistics, lyrics, music, positivityLeave a comment on My Corpus Brings All the Boys to the Yard
If you're not a linguist, don't do linguistic research
A paper recently published in PNAS claims that human language tends to be positive. This was news enough to make the New York Times. But there are a few fundamental problems with the paper.
Linguistics – Now with less linguists!
The first thing you might notice about the paper is that it was written by mathematicians and computer scientists. I can understand the temptation to research and report on language. We all use it and we feel like masters of it. But that's what makes language a tricky thing. You never hear people complain about math when they only have a high-school-level education in the subject. The "authorities" on language, however, are legion. My body has, like, a bunch of cells in it, but you don't see me writing papers on biology. So it's not surprising that the authors of this paper make some pretty basic errors in doing linguistic research. They should have been caught by the reviewers, but they weren't. And the editor is a professor of demography and statistics, so that doesn't help.
Too many claims and not enough data
The article is titled "Human language reveals a universal positivity bias" but what the authors really mean is "10 varieties of languages might reveal something about the human condition if we had more data". That's because the authors studied data in 10 different languages and they are making claims about ALL human languages. You can't do that. There are some 6,000 languages in the world. If you're going to make a claim about how every language works, you're going to have to do a lot more than look at only 10 of them. Linguists know this, mathematicians apparently do not.
On top of that, the authors don't even look at that much linguistic data. They extracted 5,000–10,000 of the most common words from larger corpora. Their combined corpora contain the 100,000 most common words in each of their sub-corpora. That is woefully inadequate. The Brown corpus contains 1 million words and it was made in the 1960s. In this paper, the authors claim that 20,000 words are representative of English. That is, not 20,000 different words, but the 5,000 most common words in each of their English sub-corpora. So 5,000 words each from Twitter, the New York Times, music lyrics, and the Google Books Project are supposed to represent the entire English language. This is shocking… to a linguist. Not so much to mathematicians, who don't do linguistic research. It's pretty frustrating, but this paper is a whole lotta ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.
To complete the trifecta of missing linguistic data, take a look at the sources for the English corpora:
English: Twitter 5,000
English: Google Books Project 5,000
English: The New York Times 5,000
English: Music lyrics 5,000
If you want to make a general claim about a language, you need to have data that is representative of that language. 5,000 words from Twitter, the New York Times, some books and music lyrics does not cut it. There are hundreds of other ways that language is used, such as recipes, academic writing, blogging, magazines, advertising, student essays, and stereo instructions. Linguists use the terms register and genre to refer to these and they know that you need more than four if you want your data to be representative of the language as a whole. I'm not even going to ask why the authors didn't make use of publicly available corpora (such as COCA for English). Maybe they didn't know about them. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Speaking of registers, the overwhelmingly most common way that language is used is speech. Humans talking to other humans. No matter how many written texts you have, your analysis of ALL HUMAN LANGUAGE is not going to be complete until you address spoken language. But studying speech is difficult, especially if you're not a linguist, so… ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
The fact of the matter is that you simply cannot make a sweeping claim about human language without studying human speech. It's like doing math without the numeral 0. It doesn't work. There are various ways to go about analyzing human speech, and there are ways of including spoken data into your materials in order to make claims about a language. But to not perform any kind of analysis of spoken data in an article about Language is incredibly disingenuous.
The authors claim their data set includes "global coverage of linguistically and culturally diverse languages" but that isn't really true. Of the 10 languages that they analyze, 6 are Indo-European (English, Portuguese, Russian, German, Spanish, and French). Besides, what does "diverse" mean? We're not told. And how are the cultures diverse? Because they speak different languages and/or because they live in different parts of the world? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
The authors also had native speakers judge how positive, negative or neutral each word in their data set was. A word like "happy" would presumably be given the most positive rating, while a word like "frown" would be on the negative end of the scale, and a word like "the" would be rated neutral (neither positive nor negative). The people ranking the words, however, were "restricted to certain regions or countries". So, not only are 14,000 words supposed to represent the entire Portuguese language, but residents of Brazil are rating them and therefore supposed to be representative of all Portuguese speakers. Or, perhaps that should be residents of Brazil with internet access.
[Update 2, March 2: In the following paragraph, I made some mistakes. I should not have said that ALL linguists believe that rating language is an notoriously poor way of doing an analysis. Obviously I can't speak for all the linguists everywhere. That would be overgeneralizing, which is kind of what I'm criticizing the original paper for. Oops! :O I also shouldn't have tied the rating used in the paper and tied it to grammaticality judgments. Grammaticality judgments have been shown to be very, very consistent for English sentences. I am not aware of whether people tend to be as consistent when rating words for how positive, negative, or neutral they are (but if you are, feel free to post in the comments). So I think the criticism still stands. Some say that the 384 English-speaking participants is more than enough to rate a word's positivity. If people rate words as consistently as they do sentences, then this is true. I'm not as convinced that people do that (until I see some research on it), but I'll revoke my claim anyway. Either way, the point still stands – the positivity of language does not lie in the relative positive or negative nature of the words in a text (the next point I make below). Thanks to u/rusoved, u/EvM and u/noahpoah on reddit for pointing this out to me.] There are a couple of problems with this, but the main one is that having people rate language is a notoriously poor way of analyzing language (notorious to linguists, that is). If you ask ten people to rate the grammaticality of a sentence on a scale from 1 to 10, you will get ten different answers. I understand that the authors are taking averages of the answers their participants gave, but they only had 384 participants rating the English words. I wouldn't call that representative of the language. The number of participants for the other languages goes down from there.
A loss for words
A further complication with this article is in how it rates the relative positive nature of words rather than sentences. Obviously words have meaning, but they are not really how humans communicate. Consider the sentence Happiness is a warm gun. Two of the words in that sentence are positive (happiness and warm), while only one is negative (gun). This does not mean it's a positive sentence. That depends on your view of guns (and possibly Beatles songs). So it is potentially problematic to look at how positive or negative the words in a text are and then say that the text as a whole (or the corpus) presents a positive view of things.
Lost in Google's Translation
The last problem I'll mention concerns the authors' use of Google Translate. They write
We now examine how individual words themselves vary in their average happiness score between languages. Owing to the scale of out corpora, we were compelled to use an online service, choosing Google Translate. For each of the 45 language pairs, we translated isolated words from one language to the other and then back. We then found all word pairs that (i) were translationally stable, meaning the forward and back translation returns the original word, and (ii) appeared in our corpora in each language.
This is ridiculous. As good as Google Translate may be in helping you understand a menu in another country, it is not a good translator. Asya Pereltsvaig writes that "Google Translate/Conversation do not translate. They match. More specifically, they match (bits of) the original text with best translations, where 'best' means most frequently found in a large corpus such as the World Wide Web." And she has caught Google Translate using English as an intermediate language when translating from one language to another. That means that when going between two languages that are not English (say French and Russian), Google Translate will first translate the word into English and then into target language. This represents a methodological problem for the article in that using the online Google Translate actually makes their analysis untrustworthy.
It's unfortunate that this paper made it through to publication and it's a shame that it was (positively) reported on by the New York Times. The paper should either be heavily edited or withdrawn. I'm doubtful that will happen.
Update: In the fourth paragraph of this post (the one which starts "On top of that…"), there was some type/token confusion concerning the corpora analyzed. I've made some minor edits to it to clear things up. Hat tip to Ben Zimmer on Twitter for pointing this out to me.
Update (March 17, 2015): I wrote a more detailed post (more references, less emoticons) on my problems with the article in question. You can find that here.
Author Joe McVeighPosted on March 1, 2015 March 17, 2015 Categories Academic Criticism, English language, linguisticsTags acadmic writing, bias, human language, Language, linguistic research, PNAS, positivity29 Comments on If you're not a linguist, don't do linguistic research


Happy New Year's Eve Everyone! I wish you a New Year filled with Faith, Family, and Love! My last share for 2011 is a New Year's Eve card made the Stampin' Up A Brand New Year Stamp Set. I actually forgot that I had this stamp, until I started reorganizing my craft room. I love the simplicity of it and the sentiment can be used over and over again for years to come. Of course, I had to incorporate the Stampin' Up Silver Glimmer Paper again. It is so pretty and I am so glad that it's on the Carry Over List for 2012. Happy, Happy, New Year!!!!!
Amazing card Lisa. Love the stars and sparkle. Great blog too!
Thank you both Ms. Dee and Penny! Anything with bling is always fun!
This is a beautiful card. Do you know if this stamp is still available? and where I could purchase it? Such a lovely inspirational card.
PJ Thank You So Much for your kind words! I'm sorry, but this stamp set retired a few years ago. If I come across it again, I will leave you a message. Happy Stamping!
I definitely will be looking out for you and thanks for stopping by my blog! I'm off to see and follow your blog now!


We can offer to our clients cost effective and innovative design solutions for all types of construction and structural schemes through our extensive experience covering all aspects of structural engineering as well as analysis & design of earthquake resistant structural design. In addition, our most important capability is the ability we have to effectively communicate with the other professionals, such as: Architects, Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, Environmentalists, Project Managers, Public Authorities & Services.
Front End Engineering Design, FEED.
Feasibility Study, Conceptual Design, Basic Design, Cost Estimates.
Our FEED design focuses the technical requirements as well as rough investment cost for the project. Our FEED can be divided into separate packages covering different portions of the project and the FEED package is used as the basis for bidding the Execution Phase Contracts (EPC, EPCI, etc) and is used as the design basis. A good FEED will reflect all the clients' project specific requirements and avoid significant changes during the execution phase. During the FEED phase there is close communication between Project Owners and Operators and the Engineering Contractor to work up the project specific requirements.
Modeling, Analysis, Design, Detailing (General, Shop and As-Built Drawings).
Pre and Post damage evaluations, Risk assessments, Back-analysis, H & S at work checks.
Complete structural engineering services focused on repair and strengthening solutions.
Alternative structural solutions, Material optimization, Detail simplification.
Design and Construction Document services (compilation, adaptation), Supervision.
Problem Solving, Support of Design, Management and Contractor Engineering Teams.
Support of Law Firms on disputes and claims, Building surveys, Code and Plan Reviews.
Implementation of New Structural Technologies, Damping Systems, Non-Codified Systems.
Non linear Analysis, Performance Based Design, Thin-walled Structures, Tensile Structures.


text:
This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse and use the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies.
THE COHESION AND INTEGRATION NETWORK
What is cohesion and integration?
Cohesion and integration are terms used to describe how people from different backgrounds mix, interact and get along with each other....
Together we can build a more integrated and less divided society. Join the Network and collaborate with other members to accelerate change.
Explore the Integration Map
Our Online Community
Place based partnerships
Members Charter
Home / What is cohesion and integration?
What do we mean by cohesion and integration? They are terms generally used in a policy or political context to describe how people from different backgrounds mix, interact and get along with each other. The difference referred to is usually one of ethnicity or faith and sometimes both. We think the work of cohesion and integration is about that. And about more than that. It can also encompass understanding how other differences (for example, age, social class, gender) may impact integration.
What do we mean by cohesion and integration? They are terms generally used in a policy or political context, to describe how people from different backgrounds mix, interact and get...
There are many inspiring stories of individuals and organisations who are improving intercultural relations, bridging divides and creating positive change. Here are some example...
What is the latest thinking and policy on Cohesion and Integration?
We are developing evaluation toolkits to help those working in the field of cohesion and integration to evaluate their work better. Meanwhile, here are some tips on evaluation and ...
Further your cohesion training with us
Our training courses will be launching this winter.
Join our mailing list to stay connected.
good relations
across difference
Email: admin@belongnetwork.co.uk Visit contact page
© 2020 COIN


text:
ESMT Berlin: G20 governments should rely on evidence to tackle global issues
Berlin | July 6, 2017
The G20 should engage in evidence-based decision process, according to a policy brief released by Jörg Rocholl, President, and Rajshri Jayaraman, Associate Professor of Economics, both of ESMT Berlin.
In preparation of the G20 meeting in Hamburg on July 7-8, the two ESMT professors provided a basic understanding how research-based evidence can be integrated into policy design. In their "Research-based policy advice to the G20," the researchers argue that incorporating monitoring and evaluation into the decision making process is key to designing high-potential solutions for complex global issues such as climate change, migration, and financial regulation.
"Collecting data and analyzing the causal outcome of government policies is one of the most important contributions that universities and think tanks can provide in the policy-making process," said Jörg Rocholl. "An enriched dialogue between researchers, policy designers, and implementers would ensure that implemented policies are actually valuable and enable governments to improve policy outcome."
In their policy brief, Jörg Rocholl and Rajshri Jayaraman underline that evidence-based policy design involves five important steps:
Identify urgent policy problems.
Determine the potential source, or sources, of the problem.
Design feasible policy interventions, which have a good chance of solving the problem, ideally by addressing one or more of its underlying causes.
Implement, monitor, and evaluate the intervention.
Modify and recalibrate the solutions, based on learnings from the monitoring and evaluation.
The "Research-based policy advice to the G20" further outlines advantages such as objectivity since research-based evidence is grounded in reality, subject to rigorous assessment, and verifiable rather than based on beliefs or ideologies. Moreover, evidence is brought to bear on every stage of the policy process: from problem identification, to design and implementation, and to evaluation. Finally, evidence-based policy design is a collaborative effort, between a wide range of actors including politicians, implementing organizations (NGOs or private sector companies), and researchers, both within and between G20 countries.
An example of evidence-based policy design in action can be found in Finland's on-going experiment on universal basic income, tackling the issue of unemployment. At the beginning of 2017, the Finnish government decided to implement a universal basic income policy, under which unemployed Finns were given 460 EUR every month, whether or not they looked for work. Monitoring program participants and evaluating their unemployment compared to non-recipients, among others, will allow the Finnish government in 2019 to assess the impact of policy design. The experiment could set an example for other G20 countries to follow.
For further information about the ESMT policy brief "Research-based policy advice to the G20," please visit http://www.g20-insights.org/policy_briefs/research-based-policy-advice-g20/
Jörg Rocholl


text:
Chancellor's Home
Ronnie Green Biography
Request for Appearance
Commissions and Collaboratives
Past Chancellors
Our Bold Vision
The N|150 Commission
N2025 Strategic Plan
Journey for Anti-Racism & Racial Equity
UNL Strategic Compass
UNL Bylaws
Chancellor Communication
State of Our University
Chancellor's Messages
Meditations and Musings
Installation of the Twentieth Chancellor
Appointment of the Twentieth Chancellor
Ronnie Green
University of Nebraska-Lincoln • 201 ADMS • Lincoln NE, 68588-0419 • 402-472-2116 • chancellorgreen@unl.edu
photo available under CC BY-SA license.
Dr. Ronnie D. Green is Chancellor of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska's flagship, Land-Grant and Big Ten institution, where he oversees an enrollment of over 25,000 students and 6,000 faculty and staff.
He received bachelor's and master's degrees in animal science from Virginia Tech and Colorado State University, respectively. His doctoral program was completed jointly at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center in animal breeding and genetics.
Green has served on the animal science faculties of Texas Tech University and Colorado State University, and as the national program leader for animal production research for the USDA's Agricultural Research Service and executive secretary of the White House's interagency working group on animal genomics within the National Science and Technology Council. Prior to returning to NU, Green served as a global executive for Pfizer Animal Health's animal genomics business.
Dr. Green has published 130 refereed publications and abstracts, nine book chapters and 56 invited symposia papers; and has delivered invited presentations in 43 U.S. states and 21 countries around the world. He is a past-president of both the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS) and the National Block and Bridle Club and has served in a number of leadership positions for the U.S. Beef Improvement Federation, National Cattlemen's Beef Association, National Pork Board, the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities, and Alpha Gamma Rho national fraternity. He currently is a member of several boards, including the Big Ten Council of Presidents and Chancellors, Neogen Corporation, and Supporters of Agricultural Research. He is a member of the Presidential Forum of the NCAA representing the Big Ten Conference, an inaugural member of the NCAA Division I Board Infractions Process Committee and was recently named a member of the Blue-Ribbon Panel of the National Academies to look at Enhancing Land Grant Coordination and Cooperation. He was named a fellow of ASAS in 2014 and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2015. In 2017 Dr. Green was honored with the American Society of Animal Science's Morrison Award, the highest international academic recognition for an animal scientist.
Ronnie and his wife Jane, a double UNL alumna, are the proud parents of four children – Justin, Nate, Kelli and Regan Green – all UNL graduates – and one granddaughter, Charlotte.
« Office of the Chancellor Page
The content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA) and the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts).
Senior Administrative Team
Vice Chancellors
Katherine Ankerson
Trev Alberts
Michael Zeleny
Marco Barker
Michael "Mike" Boehm
Robert "Bob" Wilhelm
Laurie Bellows
Chancellor's Staff
Deb Fiddelke
Heath Tuttle
Marc Pearce
Jessica Herrmann
Shelley Zaborowski
Address: 1400 R Street


text:
Analytic Philosophy [x]
Article [x]
Analytic Philosophy 20886
Conference Proceedings 1074
Contemporary Philosophy 17702
General Interest 9293
Philosophy of Mind 6301
Philosophy of Science 4518
Conference Proceeding 628
Journal 20258
Basque 2
Catalan 2
Turkish 64
Akten des XIV. Internationalen Kongresses für Philosophie 628
Croatian Journal of Philosophy 503
Grazer Philosophische Studien 687
The Harvard Review of Philosophy 223
The Journal of Philosophy 4829
Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy 92
Logos & Episteme 344
Midwest Studies in Philosophy 887
The Monist 3303
The Philosophical Review 2819
Philosophical Topics 836
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 1818
Polish Journal of Philosophy 144
The Southern Journal of Philosophy 2112
Southwestern Journal of Philosophy 446
Theoria. Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia 1215
Article 20886
Displaying: 1-20 of 20886 documents
1. Croatian Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 1 > Issue: 1
Steven Ross Two Problems of Moral Objectivity
abstract | view | rights & permissions
Two distinct problems of objectivity in moral theory are that of reference and truth and that of justification. These questions are often run together. However, it is possible to discuss the two questions separately. A defense is offered of moral ascriptions and moral properties, in opposition to the proposals of Mackie and Harman. But the thin or minimal defense of moral ascriptions leaves the second problem of objectivity unaddressed. Further argumentation leads to a proposal that claims limited moral objectivity.
Andrew Oldenquist Three Kinds of Nationalism
Three kinds of nationalism are distinguished and explained: (1) Unifying nationalism, which created Italy, and is the more or less voluntary uniting of similar and usually contiguous territories. (2) Ethnic separatist nationalism, which created Ireland, and is the effort of an ethnic group to establish sovereignty in its historical territory. (3) Ongoing patriotic nationalism, which is found in every nation. Each comes in degrees of civility ranging from the democratic to the murderous.Five criticisms of nationalism are then examined in the light of the three varieties of it: (1) It is a historical novelty only two hundred years old, hence less essential and enduring than often supposed (Ernest Gellner, Eric Hobsbawm). (2) Separatist nationalism is acceptable only if its underlying goal is to achieve democracy. (3) Nationalism makes the interests of the state supreme and those of the individualnegligible, racializes ethnic difference, and leads to intolerance and genocide (William Pfaff, Isaiah Berlin). (4) If we encourage separatists the world will fragment into "5,000 countries" (Warren Christopher). (5) Supporting existing borders is simply a better safeguard against war (Pfaff).Each of these criticisms is found wanting. I discuss the difference between loyalties, which are particularistic, and morality including constitutional principles, which are universal, a distinction important both to the critics and to my rebuttal of them.
Scott A. Shalkowski Atheistic Teleology
Wesley Salmon and Michael Martin argue that scientific considerations about the order in the universe justify atheism. After sketching Salmon's argument, I examine the nature of begging the question and argue that Martin takes a sufficient condition of that fallacy to be a necessary condition. After a pragmatic account to the fallacy is recommended, I point out how Salmon's and Martin's beg the question against all save those who already adhere to atheism and that the crucial considerations that they take to be distinctly scientific are really extra-scientific considerations, giving a specious impression that they are uncontroversial to all who accept mainstream science.
Crawford L. Elder Can Contrariety be Reduced to Contradiction?
Can an ontology which treats properties as really out there in the world be combined vvith the view that necessity is not out there? What about the necessity by which redness excludes greenness, or weighing 8 kg excludes weighing 6 kg? Armstrong, who combines property realism with logical atomism, argues that such exclusions reflect just the trivial necessity that a whole cannot be any of its proper parts. Buthis argument fails for colors themselves and for other cases of contrary properties. Property realism must be necessity realism.
Nenad Miščević Apriority and Conceptual Kinematics
The paper critically discusses the Chalmers-and-Jackson strategy of accounting for the dynamics of conceptual intuitions. In contrast to this strategy, it is argued that concepts alone do not determine in advance rational responses to new evidence. An initial concept is often revised in the light of new data, the revision being guided by the goal of detecting the deep causal structure of the domain investigated. Using examples from the history of science (concept REFLEX ARC) as an illustration, it is argued that the dilemma of either irrational messy updating of intuitions (Yablo) or strict rails of conceptual pre-determination (Chalmers-Jackson) is a false one. Rationality does not lie in the alleged conceptual apriority, but in the flexible pursuit of reasonable epistemic goals.
Elvio Baccarini Eugenio Lecaldano on Bioethics
Eugenio Lecaldano offers an important contribution to the tradition of Italian liberal thought. In his book on bioethics, he deals with the subject's most relevant topics by adopting a utilitarian perspective, which clearly demonstrates the influence of J.S. Mill's philosophy. The indication of some significant analogies and the distinction between different moral problems are some of the most interesting and useful aspects of Lecaldano's work.
Isabella Muzio Emotions and Rationality
This paper examines the sense and extent to which emotions can be thought of as rational. Through considering a number of examples, it argues (a) that there is more than one way of understanding the claims that we often make about emotions being "rational" or "justified"; (b) that none of the models of rationality already available to us can singly account for all of the various senses in which we think of emotions as rational; yet (c) that they can do so jointly, that is, by each explicating at least one of these senses. Thus, in the end it is suggested that, despite it not being right to identify emotions with either beliefs or actions, there is no obvious reason to believe that the claims we make about the rationality of our emotions need to be understood by appeal to any separate model of rationality, specific to the emotions, additional to the "cognitive" and "strategic" models already available to us for understanding the rationality of other states like beliefs and judgements on the one hand, and actions on the other.
Loránd Ambrus-Lakatos On Rational Choice of Final Ends
This paper is a non-technical paper on the kinematics of rational decision-making. lt focuses upon Williams's Regret argument. The Argument is directed against injunction implicit in standard decision theory and formulated by Rawls: a rational agent is always ready to act so that she need never blame herself "no matter how things finally transpire". The purpose of this paper is to offer new insights into theweaknesses of the Argument, introducing new considerations regarding coherence of the self of the would-be repentant. The opaqueness of one's future preference-structure is argued at length, stressing that standard decision theory cannot possibly allow that the decision tree is not comprehended at the time of making one's choice, even if it is about one's final end.
Matthew Nudds Common-Sense and Scientific Psychology
In this paper I discuss the circumstances in which it would be right to revise a common-sense psychological categorisation -- such as the common-sense categorisation of emotions -- in the light of the results of empirical investigation. I argue that an answer to that question, familiar from eliminitivist arguments, should be rejected, and suggest that the issue turns on the ontological commitments of the explanations that common-sense psychological states enter into.
10. Croatian Journal of Philosophy: Volume > 1 > Issue: 2
Josep E. Corbí Self and Sense in a Natural World
A subject is a being who has a life to lead. In this paper, I explore the array of resources that are available to us (i.e., Westerners at the turn of the millennium) to articulate and assess our lives. Specifically, I shall reflect on the impact that such matters may have on our naturalist conviction that the world ultimately consists of a causal network where notions such as sense and value have no direct bearing. Sometend to assume that an implication of our naturalist world-view is that the notions of sense and value are inevitably relative to the subject's desires and inclinations. This is, however, a line of reasoning that I would like to resist. For I am convinced that this approach unnecessarily restricts the number of resources to which we can legitimately appeal in order to lead our lives. This restriction will turn out to be quite serious because, as we shall see, it dramatically distorts our perception of the relevance that social ties may have in the life of a subject, as well as the conditions under which a human life may escape the absurd.
Barbara de Mori Human Rights and Concept of Person: Some Ethical Remarks
The paper critically discusses the proposal of identifying the subject of human rights by means of the concept of moral person, reflecting on the inherent connection between the concept of person and that of human rights in their moral dimension, that is, in the light of an ethics of human rights, an ethics in which human rights represent fundamental moral values. The thesis defended is that the concept of moral person lends itself more than any other to the role of subject of human rights, if conceived as a relational, communicative and representative social value, that is as "the concept of an individual human being whose features enable him to join some segments of his life with others".
Snježana Prijić-Samaržija Trust and Epistemic Cooperation
In this paper, I defend a certain moderate version of Humean evidentialism against a Reidian non-evidentialist's position. My proposal of cooperative viewpoint of trust is based on the following theses: (i) epistemic cooperation is a necessary condition for us to attain knowledge (because of the scope and complexity of the task, capacity inequalities and background information, etc.), (ii) any form of cooperative activity, including division of labor, requires that cooperators trust one another, (iii) in contrast to Reidian non-evidentialism, justified trust cannot be blind but has to rely on some evidence, (iv) crucial evidence that the hearer can have is evidence about the trustworthiness of informants, i.e., their moral and epistemic character, (v) the fact that we depend on other people for most of our knowledge can be a good reason to weaken Humean epistemic self-reliance and to accept as epistemically responsible and rational the trusting partly based on epistemic forward looking reasons (gathering of information).
Jonathan Wolff John Rawls: Liberal Democracy Restated
The paper starts with brief biographical details of John Rawls's life, and indications regarding the significance of his proposal. The most relevant part of the article is dedicated to the discussion of the concept of democracy as it is included in Rawls's theory of Justice. Rawls tries to find a solution to the incompatibility of two different motivations for democracy: the instrumental and the intrinsic defence. It followsfrom Rawls's proposal that the two defences need not necessarily to be incompatible. Participation in public decision procedures helps citizens to improve their capacities. According to the author of the paper, the main criticisms of Rawls come not so much from doubts about the validity of these arguments, but from questioning the realism of his proposals.
Giovanni De Grandis Making Sense of A Theory of Justice
The primary aim of this interpretive essay is to reconstruct some of the most important features of Rawls's theory of justice, and to offer a hypothesis about how its assumptions and arguments are tied together in a highly structured construction. An almost philological approach is adopted to highlight Rawlsian ideas. First, I consider in what sense Rawls is an individualist and in what sense he is not. Fromthis I conclude that he ought not be charged of psychological egoism or atomism. Then I consider the role of rational choice, the contract and the relation of the latter to the criterion of reflective equilibrium. Here, pride of place is given to the reflexive method, while the role of contract and rational choice, though not denied, is downgraded. Finally, I enquire whether Rawls can be considered a universalist, and suggest that this category, owing to the theory's practical aim and pragmatic method, is of little use. If successful, my reconstruction should offer a better insight into the theory and dispel some possible misunderstandings. But my presentation should not be read as either an assessment or a defense.
Carla Bagnoli, Elvio Baccarini The Philosophy of John Rawls: Thirty Years after A Theory of Justice
Matthew Clayton Rawls and Natural Aristocracy
The author discusses Rawls's conception of socioeconomic justice, Democratic Equality. He contrasts Rawls's account, which includes the difference principle constrained by the principle of fair equality of opportunity, with Natural Aristocracy, which constrains the difference principle only by the principle of careers open to talents. According to the author, many of Rawls's own arguments support NaturalAristocracy over Democratic Equality. In particular, Natural Aristocracy appears well placed to avoid a challenge that naturally arises in consideration of Democratic Equality, with respect to which formal distributive principle should deal with social and natural causes of inequality. The challenge is to cite a morally relevant distinction which supports the appropriateness of dealing with natural causes of inequality differently to those generated by social causes. In support of his proposal, the author also appeals to certain arguments in Rawls's Political Liberalism.
Elvio Baccarini Rawls and the Question of Physician-Assisted Suicide
Rawls's theory of justice is capable of providing an important contribution to the question of physician-assisted suicide (PAS). PAS should be guaranteed as a right to make decisions in accordance with the conception of the good the individual formulates as a rational being. This defense is supported, therefore, by a Kantian premise. But it is also possible to oppose this kind of proposal by relying on differentaspects of Kant's theory, i.e. on some variant of the famous argument against suicide based on the means/end formulation of the categorical imperative. In this paper, I try to show that these attempts are not well founded, and that the Rawlsian appeal to the Kantian tradition divulges better perspectives. I also try to add considerations inspired by contextualist epistemology to the Rawlsian appeal to the burdens ofjudgment.
Carla Bagnoli Rawls on the Objectivity of Practical Reason
This article argues that Rawls' history of ethics importantly contributes to the advancement of ethical theory, in that it correctly situates Kantian constructivism as an alternative to both sentimentalism and rational Intuitionism, and calls attention to the standards of objectivity in ethics. The author shows that by suggesting that both Intuitionist and Humean doctrines face the charge of heteronomy, Rawls appearsto adopt a Kantian conception of practical reason. Furthermore, Rawls follows Kant in assuming that ethical objectivity can be vindicated only if the productive and constructive powers of reason are acknowledged. The author accounts for this assumption against the background of Kant's moral psychology, and examines Intuitionist and Humean rejoinders. Contrary to a common view, the author arguesthat because of its claims on the nature of moral agency and the sovereignty of practical reason, Kantian Constructivism sets the standards of ethical objectivity higher than its alternatives, and is more ambitious and more demanding than the realist conception of objectivity.
Neven Petrović Personal Assets and Justice: The Positive Argument
This article critically explores John Rawls's contention that the personal assets of individuals, i.e. their mental and bodily powers, should not determine the size of their holdings. Since such an argument may have several forms, the first task is to establish which of them Rawls himself advocates. He relies, it is argued, on a version that attempts to convince us that personal assets should not play a decisive distributive role because they are undeserved. This account is then formally reconstructed, making all the relevant premises visible and preparing the ground for a critique that concentrates on the argument's separate steps. Coming under attack first is the claim that everything should be deserved. The discussion examines next the premise urging us to find an ultimate, indisputable ground for desert-claims. Debate about this issue reveals some fundamental weaknesses in Rawls's position: that he demands too much and is inconsistent; that some strong counter-intuitive consequences follow from his demands; and that his entire project, were such a criterion taken seriously, is undermined. Final comments are directed against the assertion that the community should own everything an individual does not deserve, showing that this does not remove moral arbitrariness, allows for the use of some persons as resources for others, and cannot plausibly limit its range of application. Most of these criticisms are not original, but are in accord with this paper's main intention of combining as many good points against Rawls as possible.
Anthony Simon Laden Republican Moments in Political Liberalism
The author argues that the distinctive aspects of political liberalism have historical roots in the republican tradition that is often described as "neo-roman," and recently given articulation in the work of Q. Skinner and P. Pettit. The primary task of this paper will be to layout these correlations, to provide, as it were, a mapping between the vocabulary of the neo-roman theory and that of political liberalism. By tracing the genealogy of political liberalism, the author argues that we ought to rethink the history, the vocabulary, and conceptual framework of contemporary political philosophy. In particular, seeing political liberalism as a form of republican theory as well as a form of liberal theory changes how we understand it: it brings out certain distinctive features of the structure of the view that are often overlooked, such as its stress on certain civic duties and its conception of freedom as a freedom of the city. If leading republican and liberal thinkers turn out to have much in common, then we will have to rethink also our intellectual geography: we will have to sketch in some land-bridges between the continents.


text:
Banks Take Military Approach To Cybersecurity
Posted on May 21, 2018 May 21, 2018 5:42 am
In an effort to combat cyberattacks, banks are taking a military approach to their online security.
"This is not that different from terrorists and drug cartels," Matthew Nyman of Mastercard said, according to The New York Times. "Fundamentally, threat networks operate in similar ways."
As cybercrime is one of the world's fastest-growing issues — with at least $445 billion lost last year — it makes sense that banks and payment companies are treating the threat like a war.
At Mastercard, Nyman oversees the company's new fusion center, a term that comes from the Department of Homeland Security, which set up fusion centers to coordinate federal, state and local intelligence-gathering after the attacks of September 11.
Now, at least a dozen fusion centers have been created at major financial institutions like Citigroup and Wells Fargo, as well as regional banks such as Bank of the West. In addition, Fifth Third Bank is building a fusion center in its Cincinnati headquarters, and Visa, which created its first two years ago in Virginia, is developing two more in Britain and Singapore.
Fighting off cyber threats has become priority one for banks, with Alfred F. Kelly Jr., Visa's chief executive, telling investors that he is "completely paranoid" about it. And Bank of America's Brian T. Moynihan said his cybersecurity team is "the only place in the company that doesn't have a budget constraint."
The financial sector is responding to the threat by creating it own military-style drill — Quantum Dawn, which is a simulation of a catastrophic cyberstrike.
The most recent exercise last November had 900 participants from 50 banks, regulators and law enforcement agencies role-playing their response to an industry-wide infestation of malicious malware that corrupted, and then blocked, all outgoing payments from the banks. Over two days, new threats were added every few hours, such as denial-of-service attacks.
The end result is a system called Sheltered Harbor, which went into operation last year. Now, if one member of the network has its data compromised or destroyed, others can retrieve its archived records if needed and restore basic customer account access within a day or two.
While the system has luckily not yet been needed, nearly 70 percent of the country's deposit accounts are covered by it.
Related Items:Alfred F. Kelly Jr, Bank of America, Bank of the West, Citigroup, Cyber thieves, Cybercrime, Cybersecurity, Department of Homeland Security, MasterCard, Matt Nyman, News, Visa, wells fargo, What's Hot
Mastercard Launches Accelerate To Help FinTechs Scale
Coinbase and ivyKoin Inquire About Banking Licenses


text:
David Blalock
Tenor David Blalock is a graduate of the Maryland Opera Studio at the University of Maryland and the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. He went on to be a Virginia Opera Emerging Artist and an apprentice artist with Santa Fe Opera, a first prize winner in the North Carolina District Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions on two occasions. Mr. Blalock's 2017-18 season highlights include the roles of Ferrando in Così fan tutte with San Jose Opera and Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream with Virginia Opera, and Handel's Messiah with the Fairbanks Symphony. He makes his debut with the San Francisco Symphony at this performance. Last season, Mr. Blalock joined Atlanta Opera as Nikolaus Sprink in Kevin Puts's Silent Night, and he sang Don Ottavio in Don Giovanni with Skylark Opera and the Second Jew in Salome with the Minnesota Orchestra. In previous seasons he has appeared with the Pacific and Richmond symphonies, Mill City Summer Opera in Minneapolis, On Site Opera in New York, and North Carolina Opera.
(September 2017)


The PurePurge™ Bedbath System from Keneric Healthcare is a proven hygienic way to reduce the chances of cross infection. Cross infection is highly probable in traditional bathing with suspect reusable basins, hospital water supplies and terry towels. Please see below independent studies on the effects of possible cross infection risks from traditional basin bathing.


AT&T in 30137 (Emerson, GA) is available to an estimated 100% of households. The company offers Emerson and 30137 residents download speeds from 18 to 75 Mbps, upload speeds from 1 to 20 Mbps, and prices range from $40.00 to $75.00 per month.
Xfinity in 30137 (Emerson, GA) is available to an estimated 99% of households. The company offers Emerson and 30137 residents the fastest download speeds from 150 to 300 Mbps, the fastest upload speeds from 20 to 25 Mbps, and prices range from $30.00 to $60.00 per month.
Hughes Network Systems (HughesNet) is a satellite internet provider and available anywhere in 30137 with a clear view of the southern sky. The company offers Emerson and 30137 residents download speeds up to 25 Mbps, upload speeds up to 3 Mbps, and prices range from $59.99 to $149.99 per month.
Viasat, formerly Exede, is a nationwide satellite internet provider available in rural and under-served areas of 30137. The company offers Emerson and 30137 residents download speeds up to 100 Mbps, upload speeds up to 3 Mbps, and prices range from $50.00 to $150.00 per month.
Xfinity Business in 30137 (Emerson, GA) is available to an estimated 99% of people.
Viasat, formerly Exede, is a business satellite internet provider available in rural and under-served areas of 30137. The company offers Emerson and 30137 businesses for $179.99 per month.
Hughes Network Systems (HughesNet) is a business satellite internet provider and available anywhere in 30137 with a clear view of the southern sky. The company offers Emerson and 30137 businesses and prices range from $69.99 to $199.99 per month.
Parker FiberNet Business in 30137 (Emerson, GA) is available to an estimated 24% of people. The company offers Emerson and 30137 businesses the fastest download speeds up to 1000 Mbps, and the fastest upload speeds up to 1000 Mbps.
30137 in Emerson, GA is serviced by twelve residential, business and mobile internet providers, but there are only two main internet service providers: AT&T and Xfinity. Two additional satellite internet providers offer internet service too. Prices for internet in the area start at $30.00 per month. AT&T and Xfinity are the best and most common high speed internet providers for most households.
909 Harmony Grove Church Rd.


Juniper Moss — Peacesake Candles & Co.
This candle blends earthy elements of fresh juniper berries, clove, amber and oakmoss with subtle notes of lily of the valley, lavender, and rose rounded out with woodsy tones of sandalwood. A great addition to any home or office year round.
Made of 100% all natural soy wax that does not contain herbicides, pesticides, and genetically modified material.
Cotton core wicks, phthalate-free fragrances and essential oils were used to make this candle.


text:
SPUR JUNE 2015
SPUR Highlight Reel
Here's a summary of what happened at the Enfield Rotary Club in June 2015
CINDY TAKES THE QUEEN
On June 3, Cindy Mangini had a look in her eyes that said "today's the day" when her ticket number was called for the Queen of Hearts. She wasted no time drawing the elusive Queen from the handful of remaining cards and securing a $460 IOU from Treasurer Lou Bolduc. Now the question is: was the Queen responsible for the enthusiastic upsurge in attendance, or was everyone coming to savor the last of Ed Palomba's Foundation Minutes?
Before you vote for the Queen, we're happy to point out that attendance continues to be good for our summertime luncheons AND that the District has recognized our club for its generous support of the Rotary Foundation.
FOUNDATION BANQUET AND PAUL HARRIS AWARDS JUNE 12
A wonderful evening was enjoyed by everyone who came out to honor our three new Paul Harris Fellows: Attorney Joe Fallon, Enfield Mayor Scott Kaupin and Past President Derek Meade. Joe was introduced by Dave O'Connor; Scott was introduced by Greg Stokes; and Derek was introduced by Past President Ed Palomba. Ed also served as Master of Ceremonies for the evening. Hopefully, everyone has seen the photos posted on our website and Facebook page.
Kate Garvey (Vocational Service; Cinco K Mayo; etc.) was named Rotarian of the Year by outgoing President Kevin Mayo, and Mike Helechu received a "Light of Rotary" award for coordinating programs and publishing the mostly late SPUR newsletters.
Congratulations to President Kevin on earning a Presidential Citation from the District Governor. And congratulations to our Rotaract Club at Bay Path University for also earning a Presidential Citation.
We welcomed two new members on June 17: Adrian Garcia-Sega, an Assistant Professor of Forensic Chemistry at Bay Path University (and faculty advisor for our Rotaract Club) and Kathy Barron, the Executive Director of The Network. (The Network assists families and individuals who have experienced domestic and interpersonal violence.) Adrian was sponsored by Carol Bohnet (our club's liaison to the Rotaract Club), and Kathy was sponsored by Chris Casey.
SPEAKING OF ROTARACT
As previously noted, our Rotaract Club received a Presidential Citation from District 7890. The club consists of 21 very enthusiastic members who held 10 meetings and organized 15 projects and activities. These included completely handling our club's Amber Alert tent at Enfield Family Day in September, visiting the United Nations on Rotary Day, and attending the District Conference in Hartford. They thoroughly enjoyed hearing "career talks" by our club members and want to continue with more of those next year.
NEW PRESIDENT'S INSTALLATION
Milt Rosenberg and Mike Helechu joined Nick Deni and his family in Simsbury on June 16 for the Presidential Installation banquet. We heard parting remarks from outgoing District Governor Mike Roy from Northampton and from the new District Governor, Kyong Wilson from Bristol, who promises to be an enthusiastic and determined leader.
ENFIELD ROTARY CHANGE OF COMMAND
Outgoing President Kevin Mayo thanked everyone for supporting his year as President on June 24. As usual, what seemed like a long haul back in July 2014 is now finished in the proverbial "blink of an eye." Unfortunately, incoming President Nick Deni was fighting bronchitis that day and had lost his voice. So the new President's game plan for our 2015-2016 Rotary Year will be announced at one of our July meetings.
THE WRECK OF THE ROTARY SINGERS
Well, not exactly. On June 24th, our trumpet-player-extraordinaire Steve Damon took us on an interesting Great Lakes cruise. Not only did he transform the Edmund Fitzgerald from a coal hauler into a luxury liner, but he also rewrote Gordon Lightfoot's lyrics into a tribute to Kevin's year as President. It was definitely one of those "you had to be there" moments that will be cherished by those who were.
ROTARY CLUB OF ENFIELD SUPPORTING THE COMMUNITY. . .
Our Board of Directors voted to donate $250 to the Senior Minor Repair Program and $250 to support the Common Grounds Community Garden behind the Enfield Senior Center.
THANKS to Rotarians Jeff Tingley for stepping forward to offer space in his building for the Senior Minor Repair volunteers to store their tools, equipment, light bulbs, etc., and Gail Albetski stepping in to replace Ed Sharpless as our liaison with the group of volunteers that sustains the community garden.
. . . AND SUPPORTING INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
Our club is once again supporting the Clean Water Projects being coordinated by the Rotary Club of Manchester.
SORRY TO SEE YOU GO
Resignations have been received from Gena Fitzgerald, whose job with Hallmark is taking her back to Kansas City; Scott Cato, whose work and family responsibilities have exceeded his expectations; and Ed Sharpless, who is moving to New Jersey to be closer to children and grandchildren.
And that's the way it is. . . Thanks for your patience.
Respectfully submitted, Mike Helechu


Wedge wire screen cylinders can be designed with slot openings and wires running radially on the outside surface of the screen cylinder or they can be positioned axially on the inside. It can be fabricated into larger diameters. Each intersection of wedge wire and support rod is welded for strength and durability. Various wedge wire and support rod combinations can be used to produce the best screen design.
Products include: Baskets, Sieve Screens, Catalyst Support Screens, Centrifuge Baskets, Oil Well Screens, Water Well Screens, Water Intake Screens, Rotary Screens, Centre Pipes.


From 12:00 in the afternoon to midnight you are welcome in our bar. Would you like to relax with a cup of coffee? Our barista can prepare a delicious intricate coffee creation for you. Or perhaps you'd like our bartender to prepare one of his delightful cocktails. If you prefer a nice cold draught beer or a beautiful glass of wine our barman will pour one for you.
Our bar menu includes tasty snacks and hotel classics.
Every Friday we organize a Friday afternoon get to getter with live music and live entertainment. A beautiful cocktail, amazing wine, delicious bites and the best vibes. The coming weeks during our "Fridays at Ammonite" we welcome the following artists.
You are welcome to come and enjoy this night with us from 5 PM!
"Fridays at Ammonite" is the perfect ending to a busy week.
Every Friday from 5pm Live Music!


text:
Q: Listbox is null when removing items clientside I inherited an Web Forms project and am still somewhat new to Web development. On this page, we have 2 listboxes: lstCaseLoad, that is populated with with "Caseloads" (ID numbers) and lstAssignedCaseLoad, that is populated with Caseloads selected by the Form User. The user can select Caseloads from lstCaseLoad and hit a button to remove and transfer them to lstAssignedCaseLoad, which is done clientside with JavaScript. The user can also do the opposite, removing from lstAssigned to lstCaseLoad on clientside. The user has to hit a Submit button which will Post and save the changes to SQL.
Adding new CaseLoads from lstCaseloads to lstAssigned and submitting works fine. Removing from lstAssigned is where I'm facing problems. lstAssigned seems to become null when Submitting and therefore can't save. Code below.
Listboxes:
<asp:ListBox ID="lstCaseLoad" runat="server" SelectionMode="Multiple" />
<asp:ListBox ID="lstAssignedCaseLoad" runat="server" Height="175px" SelectionMode="Multiple" />

            //Adding Caseload to Assigned
            $("#btnAddCaseLoad").bind("click", function () {
                var options = $("[id*=lstCaseLoad] option:selected");
                $("[id*=lstAssignedCaseLoad]").append($(options).clone());

                $(options).remove();

                return false;
            });

            //Removing Caseload from Assigned
            $("#btnRemoveCaseLoad").bind("click", function () {
                var options = $("[id*=lstAssignedCaseLoad] option:selected");
                $("[id*=lstCaseLoad]").append($(options).clone());
                $(options).remove();

                return false;
            });

Code Behind
        protected void Page_Load()
        {

            if (!IsPostBack)
            {
                //Retrieving and Binding listboxes. No issues here
                GetData();
                BindData();
            }
            else
            {
                var test= Request.Form.AllKeys;
                //Temp variable to check all elements for debugging. lstAssignedCaseLoad is missing when deleting. Is fine when adding new caseload

                //Read listAssignedCaseLoad items to comma seperated strings. Becomes null when trying to remove items
                string strCaseLoad = Request.Form[lstAssignedCaseLoad.UniqueID];

                //Transfer string strCaseload to (field)List<string> for saving. Works fine when string is not empty
                userCaseLoadList = ProcessListString(strCaseLoad, lstAssignedCaseLoad);
            }
        }
        //Submit button method. Works as intended
        protected void EditUser_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            identityMgr.EditUser(Email.Text, userRoleList, userCaseLoadList);
        }

I tried searching and can't quite find the same issue. Thanks for your time and help!

A: This is because of "selected" attribute of option in listbox. If you select the option in "lstCaseLoad" which doesn't have the "selected" attribute and click on remove button then it will add to "lstAssigned" but the added option also dont have this "selected" attribute because we are cloning. So if you want to do the reverse process then you have to select(click) that option again from "lstAssigned" before clicking on remove. You can observe that "selected" attribute behavior by inspecting the options before button click.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Brothers Family History
Elizabeth Brothers Bios
Elizabeth P Brothers
Show other Elizabeth Brotherses
Elizabeth P Brothers (1923 - 2009)
Elizabeth P Brothers was born on October 20, 1923. She died on February 27, 2009 at age 85. We know that Elizabeth P Brothers had been residing in Sun City, Maricopa County, Arizona.
Find records of Elizabeth Brothers
Find records of Elizabeth
Elizabeth P Brothers Biography & Family History
Elizabeth P Brothers's biography is built and maintained by people like you to celebrate Elizabeth's life. Create an online genealogy profile of Elizabeth so that her life and the Brothers family is remembered forever. If any factual information is incorrect, please edit Elizabeth's biography.
Elizabeth Brothers was born on October 20, 1923
Did Elizabeth finish grade school, get a GED, go to high school, get a college degree or masters? What schools or universities did Elizabeth attend? Add education.
Share what Elizabeth did for a living or if she had a career or profession. Add Profession.
It is unknown if Elizabeth P Brothers is a military veteran.
Unknown. Add Elizabeth's ethnicity.
Unknown. Add Elizabeth's nationality.
Unknown. Was Elizabeth a religious woman? Add Elizabeth's religion
Elizabeth Brothers died on February 27, 2009
There is no cause of death listed for Elizabeth.
Do you know the final resting place - gravesite in a cemetery or location of cremation - of Elizabeth P Brothers? Add burial and funeral information.
Sun City, Maricopa County, Arizona
Elizabeth P Brothers lived 14 years longer than the average Brothers family member when she died at the age of 85.
Elizabeth's Family Photos
We currently do not have photos of Elizabeth P Brothers. Below are potential family photos that share Elizabeth's last name or surname. Pictures really do say a thousand words. Add photos of Elizabeth during various points of her life
Lisa (Brothers) Arbisser
Milton J Brothers
1923 - In the year that Elizabeth P Brothers was born, on September 1, an earthquake - the Great Kanto earthquake - destroyed one-third of Tokyo. Measuring 7.9 and with a reported duration of between 4 and 10 minutes, casualties totaled about 142,800 deaths, including about 40,000 who went missing and were presumed dead.
1925 - Elizabeth was merely 2 years old when on November 28th, radio station WSM broadcast the Grand Ole Opry for the first time. Originally airing as "The WSM Barn Dance", the Opry (a local term for "opera") was dedicated to honoring country music and in its history has featured the biggest stars and acts in country music.
1933 - At the age of merely 10 years old, Elizabeth was alive when on March 4th, Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the 32nd President of the United States. He was elected four times (equaled by no other President) and guided the United States through the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War 2. His wife was his cousin Eleanor Roosevelt (Teddy Roosevelt's niece) who President Truman called "First Lady of the World". Some of the major programs that survive from his presidency are the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Wagner Act (The National Labor Relations Act of 1935) , the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Social Security.
1943 - By the time she was 20 years old, on March 31st, the Broadway musical Oklahoma! opened. Written by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II (the first of their string of successful collaborations), audiences loved it. The musical ran for 2,212 performances originally and was made into a movie in 1954.
1955 - She was 32 years old when on September 10th the TV show "Gunsmoke" debuted on CBS. It went on to be television's longest-running western. Matt Dillon, Chester, Doc Adams, and Miss Kitty became household names.
Elizabeth P Brothers Family Tree
Who was Elizabeth's parents? Did she get married and did they have children? Share Elizabeth's family tree to share her legacy and genealogy pedigree.
Elizabeth's Family
You can add or remove people from Elizabeth's family tree by clicking here.
Elizabeth Brothers Obituary
This obit of Elizabeth P Brothers is updated by the community. Edit this biography to contribute to her obituary. Include details such as cemetery, burial, newspaper obituary and grave or marker inscription if available.
Elizabeth P Brothers died on February 27, 2009 at age 85. There is no known cause of death. She was born on October 20, 1923. There is no information about Elizabeth's family or relationships. We know that Elizabeth P Brothers had been residing in Sun City, Maricopa County, Arizona.
Share a Memory about Elizabeth Brothers
What do you remember about Elizabeth P Brothers? Share your memories of special moments and stories you have heard about her. Or just leave a comment to show the world that Elizabeth is remembered.
Other Records of Elizabeth P Brothers
Miners And Prospectors: Photos Of A Tough Life Black lung, cave-ins, noxious gases, low wages, owing your soul to the company store . . . mining has always been a difficult, hazardous, and societally necessary job throughout the world. With the...
Winter Wonderlands Gone By Everyone has their favorite time of year. Some love winter because of the holidays (Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, Ramadan, New Year's Eve . . . the list goes on). For some it's the cold, wet,...
Tartan Day - Scotland Declares Independence The Scots have always been - and still are - a fierce and independent people. April 6th is Tartan Day - a celebration of the Scottish people and all things Scottish in the United States. The date...
Everyday Fashion in the Early 1960's Everyday fashion in the early 1960's sure was different from the late 60's. In the beginning of the decade, fashion was more of a continuation of the 1950's - colors didn't "clash" (remember hot...
Other Elizabeth Brotherses
Elizabeth Riddiford Brothers Collingwood, Australia
Elizabeth T Brothers (1875 - 1941) New York
Elizabeth Brothers (1862 - 1939) New York
Elizabeth A. (Samuel) Brothers (born 1978) Texas
Elizabeth I. (Atkins) Brothers (born 1976) Texas
Elizabeth L Brothers (1922 - 2006) Fresno, California
Elizabeth M Brothers (1919 - 2006) Wallingford, Pennsylvania
Elizabeth Brothers (1899 - 1988) Salt Lake City, Utah
Elizabeth Brothers (1902 - 1972) Tucson, Arizona
Elizabeth Brothers (1893 - 1976) Cape Girardeau, Missouri
Elizabeth Stevens R Brothers (1918 - 2009) High Springs, Florida
Elizabeth Brothers (1910 - 2000) Corpus Christi, Texas
Elizabeth Brothers (1922 - 1982)
Elizabeth Elizabeth Brads Brothers (1927 - 2006) North Augusta, South Carolina
Elizabeth D Brothers (1911 - 2006) New Bern, North Carolina
Elizabeth P Brothers (1921 - 1994) Orleans, Indiana
Elizabeth Brothers (1894 - 1971) Indianapolis, Indiana
Elizabeth H Brothers (1897 - 1990)
Elizabeth H Brothers (1914 - 1995) Drewryville, Virginia
Elizabeth H Brothers (1918 - 2003) Rosenhayn, New Jersey
Other Brotherses
Orville Brothers (1940 - 2008) Plattsburgh, New York
Donald M Brothers (1941 - 2010) Jacksonville, North Carolina
Ralph D Brothers (1959 - 1995)
Walter Brothers (1909 - 1982) Brooklyn, New York
James J Brothers (1916 - 1996) Brooklyn, New York
Pearl Brothers (1902 - 1987) Brooklyn, New York
Emmett Brothers (1900 - 1983) Watertown, New York
Arthur Brothers (1907 - 1988)
Chester Brothers (1886 - 1970) Johnstown, New York
Clifford W Brothers (1936 - 2003) Ocala, Florida
Benjamin Brothers (1900 - 1953)
Odeese Brothers (1888 - 1967) Buffalo, New York
Eva Brothers (1928 - 2000) Buffalo, New York
Ethel Brothers (1915 - 1980) Heuvelton, New York
Mildred Brothers (1918 - 1986) Massena, New York
Laura L Brothers (1931 - 1991) Elizabeth City, North Carolina
R Douglas Brothers (1914 - 1987) Lexington, Kentucky
Harold E Brothers (1909 - 1988)
Kathleen Brothers (1929 - 1989) Buffalo, New York
Carol Brothers (1939 - 1979)
Raymond E Farrell (1927 - 1986)
Donald P Rishor (1926 - 2002) Tucson, Arizona
Robert H Wegman (1916 - 1998) Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Laura Achenbach (1896 - 1967) Rochester, New York
Lillian M Knapp (1891 - 1989)
Kathleen R Pioch (1922 - 2000)
Virginia B Teamerson (1924 - 1996) Rochester, New York
Teresa J Ciulla (1926 - 1998) Rochester, New York
Sally J Rath (1924 - 2005) Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
Orris C Smith (1918 - 1987) Trumansburg, New York
Lula Markle (1890 - 1971) Rochester, New York
Jean Matlega (1924 - 1978)
Robert S Stevenson (1926 - 2011) Antioch, Tennessee
Melvin Wilcox (1926 - 1980)
John E Zeth (1927 - 1995) New Braunfels, Texas
Donald E Mcintyre (1927 - 1994) Fairport, New York
John Scandling (1925 - 1982) Alexandria, Virginia
Lillian A Charles (1919 - 2008) Rochester, New York
Eileen F Ciardi (1926 - 2000) Clifton Springs, New York
Peter M Ilacqua (1915 - 1996) Geneva, New York
Success Stories from Biographies like Elizabeth P Brothers


The 162-unit Summit at Dawson is located in Norcross, Ga., a northeast suburb of Atlanta.
NORCROSS AND PEACHTREE CORNERS, GA. — Cushman & Wakefield has arranged the $76.5 million sale of three apartment communities in Gwinnett County near Atlanta. Mike Kemether and Tyler Averitt of Cushman & Wakefield represented the seller, Audubon Communities, in the transaction. Sabra Property Management acquired Bella, a 318-unit community in Norcross; Hathaway Development LLC acquired Center at Peachtree Corners, a 272-unit community in Peachtree Corners; and Zavala Properties acquired Summit at Dawson, a 162-unit community also in Norcross. Each property has a full suite of modern amenities and features oversized floor plans.


text:
Merkel Backs Down, Agreeing to Stem Flow of Refugees Into Germany
By Damien Sharkov On 7/3/18 at 7:53 AM EDT
World Germany Angela Merkel German Migration German Politics
German Chancellor Angela Merkel struck a deal on immigration, which had threatened to break up her coalition only four months into her new term, agreeing to build transit camps for refugees attempting to cross into Germany from Austria.
Merkel, whose ruling coalition is composed of three parties, was on the verge of losing the Christian Social Union (CSU)—German parliament's smallest party but the most influential in the country's key state of Bavaria. The chairman of the "sister party" to Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU), Horst Seehofer announced on Sunday he would resign as Germany's interior minister if Berlin did not back stronger border-control measures in the south.
"We have reached an agreement after very intense negotiations," Seehofer announced after reportedly tense negotiations on Monday, Agence France Press reported on Tuesday. "We now have a clear agreement on how to prevent illegal immigration across the Austrian-German border in the future," he added.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel, leader of the Christian Democratic Union, and German Interior Minister, leader of the Bavarian Christian Social Union, at the start of a CDU/CSU parliamentary group meeting on July 3. To save her coalition, Merkel agreed to build transit camps for refugees trying to cross into Germany from Austria. John Macdougall/AFP/Getty Images
Merkel later revealed that the compromise entailed setting up transit centers on the border with Austria, to hold new arrivals who had already been recorded as having previously arrived in other European Union countries.
"I would like very much for the CDU and CSU to continue working together," Merkel said, admitting she had made concessions to Seehofer's demands, public broadcaster Deutsche Welle reported. "Because we are a success story for Germany." Merkel's other coalition, the Social Democratic Party, has yet to agree to the deal.
Applicants rejected by Germany will have to return to their first EU country of arrival, if that country agrees to take them. If not, the rejected applicants are expected to be returned to Austria, although the two countries have yet to negotiate this.
Seehofer's key concern centered on "secondary migration," which refers to asylum seekers who arrive in another EU country but then, owing to the bloc's internal free travel, prefer to settle in Germany. The minister's initial plan was to simply turn away asylum seekers registered elsewhere in what could have constituted a breach of EU law and the Geneva Convention on refugees' rights.
Read More: Poland's ruling party leader wants German reparations for Nazi war crimes
Germany has welcomed more refugees than any other European nation since the height of the influx in 2015, and Merkel's approach has made her an easy target for populists inside Germany and in neighboring countries. A collapse of the ruling coalition would encourage the far-right Alternative for Germany, which won seats in parliament in September for the first time. It has since risen in the polls, hitting 16 percent, which places it higher than the Social Democrats—Germany's second-largest party.
Request Reprint & Licensing, Submit Correction or view Editorial Guidelines
Merkel Backs Down, Agreeing to Stem Flow of Refugees Into Germany | World
Can Merkel Survive? Hungary's Leader Stirs Trouble
Donald Trump Threw Starburst Candies at Angela Merkel
Merkel Calls Trump's G-7 Reversal 'Depressing'


>relevant in the commerical world as Forth is in the engineering world.
the steering wheel in the right place.
paper using first-grade English? Are you SURE small is beautiful?
compiler? Jeez, I'd buy one for the logo ALONE.
companies have experienced with commerical Ada (beyond compilers).
And writing any of this stuff in ADA 9X won't change anything.
7. language for commercial applications on Windows?
9. Commercial application developed using Oberon??
10. Commercial Applications written in Eiffel ?
12. Commercial applications using an embedded lisp ?


Rochester, Minn. — (AP) U.S. Rep. Gil Gutknecht said Friday he would run for re-election to the House, ending the possibility of a primary fight between two Republican congressmen for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Mark Dayton.
"I love the job I have in Washington and I just feel like I fit more in the House of Representatives than I would fit in the Senate," he said. "If the voters of southern Minnesota will allow me to do this, I would like to run for re-election."
Shortly after Dayton, a Democrat, announced that he would not seek a second term Rep. Mark Kennedy announced he would run for the seat. He has picked up the backing of U.S. Sen. Norm Coleman and 26 state senators.
Gutknecht didn't endorse Kennedy on Friday.
"It's too early to predict who will ultimately emerge as the Republican nominee," he said. "I am confident that whether it's Mark Kennedy or someone else, we will find a very strong candidate."
Former U.S. Sen. Rod Grams, whom Dayton defeated in 2000, is the only other GOP candidate.
No Democrats have officially entered the race, although children's safety advocate Patty Wetterling and Hennepin County Attorney Amy Klobuchar have taken steps toward creating campaigns.
Other potential candidates include Minneapolis attorney Mike Ciresi, U.S. Rep. Betty McCollum, University of Minnesota general counsel Mark Rotenberg, state Rep. Tom Rukavina, former state Sen. Jerry Janezich and outgoing DFL Chairman Mike Erlandson.
After Gutknecht's 1994 election, he pledged to serve no more than 12 years. Last May he backtracked on that statement, saying term limits hadn't been universally applied and voters should be the ones making the decision.
Gutknecht has pushed for allowing Americans to import cheaper prescription drugs from Canada and other industrialized countries, drawing opposition from GOP leadership and the White House.


text:
Posted on March 31, 2022 by Steven Hayward in Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Democrats
Is AOC Panicking?
At first glance, this headline in New York might seem to convey that her worship Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez was finally learning something about the real world:
So maybe Democrats should move back to the middle? Of course not. The problem, from her point of view, is that Biden has been too timid, and didn't simply steamroll Joe Manchin and go full progressive.
"I have the utmost respect and confidence in the president, but I just felt like we called two different plays on this one," Ocasio-Cortez said. "I think that there is a sense among more senior members of Congress, who have been around in different political times, that we can get back to this time of buddy-buddy and backslapping and we'll cut a deal and go into a room with some bourbon and some smoke and you'll come out and work something out. I think there's a real nostalgia and belief that that time still exists or that we can get back to that."
"We need to acknowledge that this isn't just about middle of the road, an increasingly narrow band of independent voters. This is really about the collapse of support among young people, among the Democratic base, who are feeling that they worked overtime to get this president elected and aren't necessarily being seen," she said.
Ocasio-Cortez and the other 97 members of the House Progressive Caucus are calling on Biden to issue executive orders to enact environmental protections, lower health-care costs, cancel federal student-loan debts, and expand protections for immigrants.
"If the president does pursue and start to govern decisively using executive action and other tools at his disposal, I think we're in the game," she said. "But if we decide to just kind of sit back for the rest of the year and not change people's lives — yeah, I do think we're in trouble. So I don't think that it's set in stone. I think that we can determine our destiny here."
The main thing progressives want right now is for President Biden to declare a "climate emergency," and use the National Emergencies Act, the Defense Production Act, and other standby delegations of power to the executive branch to implement the Green New Deal that has no chance of passing Congress. And somehow AOC and others will call this "democracy."


AirportSeqID An identification number assigned by US DOT to identify a unique airport at a given point of time. Airport attributes, such as airport name or coordinates, may change over time.
AirportID An identification number assigned by US DOT to identify a unique airport. Use this field for airport analysis across a range of years because an airport can change its airport code and airport codes can be reused.
Airport A three character alpha-numeric code issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation which is the official designation of the airport. The airport code is not always unique to a specific airport because airport codes can change or can be reused.
AirportWacSeqID2 Unique Identifier for a World Area Code (WAC) at a given point of time for the Physical Location of the Airport. See World Area Codes support table.
CityMarketSeqID An identification number assigned by US DOT to identify a city market at a given point of time. City Market attributes may change over time. For example the country associated with the city market can change over time due to geopolitical changes.
CityMarketID An identification number assigned by US DOT to identify a city market. Use this field to consolidate airports serving the same city market.
CityMarketWacSeqID2 Unique Identifier for a World Area Code (WAC) at a given point of time for the City Market. See World Area Codes support table.
AirportIsClosed Indicates if the airport is closed (1 = Yes). If yes, the airport is closed is on the AirportEndDate.