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Present Truth for Today - Are the Jewish Feast Days Included? Part I
By Lawrence Nelson
From II Peter 1:12, we read: "Wherefore I will not be negligent to put you always in remembrance of these things, though ye know [them], and be established in the present truth." The Bible clearly teaches that during the existence of our world, God at certain times has given a present truth for a particular generation. If such present truth were heeded and obeyed, it meant their salvation. On the other hand, to neglect and disobey resulted in their destruction.
There have always been some truths that are applicable in every age and are therefore to be preached and accepted by God's children at all times—such as love, hope, repentance, obedience, thankfulness, and praise. Such truths are always in season, but when God sees a special need for a particular generation, He gives a present truth that must be obeyed to obtain salvation.
For example, in the days of Noah, God gave an urgent message of present truth. "And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth. Make thee an ark of gopher wood." Genesis 6:13, 14. No doubt many were lost in the flood that had a normal faith in God but did not heed or obey the present truth of a coming flood.
The prophet Jonah was given a present truth to deliver to the people living in the city of Nineveh. "So Jonah arose, and went unto Nineveh, according to the word of the Lord. … And Jonah began to enter into the city a day's journey, and he cried, and said, Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown." Jonah 3:3, 4. But notice how different was the response from that of the antediluvians. "So the people of Nineveh believed God, and proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them even to the least of them." "And God saw their works, that they turned from their evil way; and God repented of the evil, that he had said that he would do unto them; and he did [it] not." Jonah 3: 5, 10.
John the Baptist was called by God to preach to the Jews that the Messiah had come to Israel as promised. But they rejected this present truth, for we read, "He came unto his own, and his own received him not." John 1:11. The tragic results are recorded in the words of Christ, "And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it, Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things [which belong] unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes." Luke 19:41, 42. "Behold, your house is left unto you desolate." Matthew 23:38.
Today, in this end time, God has given a final present truth in His warning message found in the Book of Revelation 14:7–10: "Fear God, and give glory to him; for the hour of his judgment is come: and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters." "Babylon is fallen, is fallen." "If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive [his] mark in his forehead, or in his hand, The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God." All our energies should now be focused on this present truth. Its acceptance or rejection means the difference between life or death. This is why Satan is putting forth tremendous efforts to ensnare God's remnant to spend their precious time on needless concerns about past requirements of God that have nothing to do with God's end-time present truth.
Ellen White sums up this tragedy by stating, "Our people need to understand the oracles of God; they need to have a systematic knowledge of the principles of revealed truth, which will fit them for what is coming upon the earth and prevent them from being carried about by every wind of doctrine." Testimonies, vol. 5, 273. It is thus that the devil is hoping to sidetrack the saints, so they will fail to give God's final warning message of present truth, and lack the proper preparation for the coming crisis.
A careful study of God's Word will reveal that there are four different categories of law found in the Bible: the moral law, the ceremonial law, the civil law, and the health laws. The Scriptures teach that one of these laws was abolished when Jesus was crucified. As we read the following biblical texts, we will discover which of these laws were done away with at the cross.
In Ephesians 2:15, we read: "Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, [even] the law of commandments [contained] in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, [so] making peace." Some clues are given in Colossians 2:14: "Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross." Please take note that both these Scriptures refer to laws called ordinances that were abolished, nailed to the cross and blotted out.
This brings us to question, Which of these four law categories deal with ordinances? The Bible gives the answer. We read of the Passover in Exodus 12:14, 43: "And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the Lord throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever." "And the Lord said unto Moses and Aaron, This [is] the ordinance of the Passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof." In these verses, the Passover feast is called an ordinance. This feast was therefore to be done away with.
The feast that followed the Passover was called the Feast of Unleavened Bread. In Exodus 12:17 and 13:10 we are told, "And ye shall observe [the feast of] unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever." "Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance in his season from year to year." Since this Feast of Unleavened Bread is also called an ordinance, it too was to be done away with.
Furthermore, we read in II Chronicles 2:4 of other ordinances involving certain sabbaths, new moons, and solemn feasts of the Lord which are also called ordinances. King Solomon is speaking: "Behold, I build an house to the name of the Lord my God, to dedicate [it] to him, [and] to burn before him sweet incense, and for the continual showbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts of the Lord our God. This [is an ordinance] for ever to Israel."
Reading further on in II Chronicles 8:12, 13, we are given the names of some of these solemn feast days. "Then Solomon offered burnt offerings unto the Lord on the altar of the Lord, which he had built before the porch, Even after a certain rate every day, offering according to the commandment of Moses, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts, three times in the year, [even] in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles." This Scripture clearly identifies that the solemn feasts were called ordinances; therefore, they were all nailed to the cross, having been abolished by the death of Christ.
We must not overlook the additional fact that these feast days were not to be kept by today's Christians, for animal sacrifices were an integral part of these ceremonies, and such animal sacrifices pointed to the Lamb of God who was to die on Calvary. God has made it very clear that animal sacrifices and ordinances (or feast days) all ended, when in the earthly sanctuary service the veil of the temple was rent in twain from top to bottom, as we read in Matthew 27:51. No Christian in our day who truly believes in the salvation brought by Christ's sacrifice on the cross will keep the ceremonial laws of the feasts and sacrifices.
Inspired Confirmation
The Spirit of Prophecy confirms that God will never again accept such worship. Mrs. White states: "The rending of the vail [sic] of the temple showed that the Jewish sacrifices and ordinances would no longer be received." Spiritual Gifts, vol. 1, 170.
The following quotation also settles this fact once and for all: "The entire plan of sacrificial worship was a foreshadowing of the Saviour's death to redeem the world. There would be no efficacy of these offerings when the great event toward which they had pointed for ages was consummated.
"Since the whole ritual economy was symbolical of Christ, it had no value apart from Him. When the Jews sealed their rejection of Christ by delivering Him to death, they rejected all that gave significance to the temple and its services. Its sacredness had departed. It was doomed to destruction. From that day sacrificial offerings and the service connected with them were meaningless. Like the offerings of Cain they did not express faith in the Saviour. In putting Christ to death, the Jews virtually destroyed their temple. When Christ was crucified, the inner veil of the temple was rent in twain from top to bottom, signifying that the great final sacrifice had been made, and that the system of sacrificial offerings was forever at an end." The Desire of Ages, 165. [Emphasis added.]
To make this absolutely clear, we read further that this not only included animal sacrifices but the feast-day ordinances that were connected with them. "Through Christ the hidden glory of the holy of holies was to stand revealed. He had suffered death for every man, and by this offering the sons of men were to become the sons of God. . . . The mercy seat, upon which the glory of God rested in the holiest of all, is opened to all who accept Christ as the propitiation for sin, and through its medium, they are brought into fellowship with God. The veil is rent, the partition walls broken down, the handwriting of ordinances canceled. By virtue of His blood the enmity is abolished." "Ellen G. White Comments," Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, vol. 5, 1109.
Mrs. White also wrote, "The people whom God had called to be the pillar and ground of the truth had become representatives of Satan. They were doing the work that he desired them to do, taking a course to misrepresent the character of God, and cause the world to look upon Him as a tyrant. The very priests who ministered in the temple had lost sight of the significance of the service they performed. They had ceased to look beyond the symbol to the thing signified. In presenting the sacrificial offerings they were as actors in a play. The ordinances which God Himself had appointed were made the means of blinding the mind and hardening the heart. God could do no more for man through these channels. The whole system must be swept away." The Desire of Ages, 36.
Paul and The Ceremonial Law
Then we read, from The Signs of the Times, July 29, 1886, "Hence the ceremonial law ceased to be a force at the death of Christ."
There are those who would still argue that Paul kept the feast days and taught that we must do likewise. However, the servant of the Lord clearly explains the nature of Paul's preaching to the Jews, for she states of Paul, "When he had given many discourses upon these subjects, he testified that the Messiah had indeed come, and then preached the simple gospel of Jesus Christ. This was the craft which Paul mentions, saying that he caught them with guile. He thus tried to allay prejudice, and win souls to the truth. He refrained from urging upon the Jews the fact that the ceremonial laws were no longer of any force. He cautioned Timothy to remove any occasion for them to reject his labors. He complied with their rules and ordinances as far as was consistent with his mission to the Gentiles. He would not mislead the Jews nor practice deception upon them; but he waived his personal feelings, for the truth's sake." Sketches From the Life of Paul, 161.
"The ceremonial law was given by Christ. Even after it was no longer to be observed, Paul presented it before the Jews in its true position and value, showing its place in the plan of redemption and its relation to the work of Christ." Patriarchs and Prophets, 367.
From The Signs of the Times, February 28, 1884, we read: "Circumcision and a strict observance of the ceremonial law had been the conditions upon which Gentiles could be admitted to the congregation of Israel; but these distinctions were to be abolished by the gospel."
Ellen White further states of Christ, "He has swept away every ceremony of the ancient type. He has given no liberty to restore these rites, or to substitute anything that will recall the old literal sacrifices." Review and Herald, February 25, 1896. [Emphasis added.] Nothing could be more plain!
Holydays
It is no wonder that Paul tells us in Colossians 2:14–17 that these ceremonial feast days were all nailed to the cross: "Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; [And] having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a show of them openly, triumphing over them in it. Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath [days]: Which are a shadow of things to come; but the body [is] of Christ."
In this Scripture, Paul is urging all Christians to not be concerned with these past feast days which were called holydays, for by his actual words in the original Greek, the word holydays means a festival or a solemn feast. This does not have reference to the Sabbath of the fourth commandment, but to the yearly sabbaths that were appointed on different days of the week each year.
Paul spent much of his time in preaching to dispel the Jewish teaching that the solemn feasts were still to be continued. It is no wonder that Paul spoke in no uncertain words, as we read in Galatians 4:9–11, "But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage? Ye observe days, and months, and times and years. I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain." Did you notice the words days, months, times, and years? This is referring to the ceremonial sabbaths, the new moons, the festivals and their appointed feasts. Paul is actually questioning whether or not he had labored in vain to prove to the Christians that Christ had fulfilled all these ceremonies.
Type Met Antitype
Let us take a closer look at Ephesians 2:15: "Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, [even] the law of commandments [contained] in ordinances . ..." Concerning this verse, Mrs. White wrote, "There is a law which was abolished, which Christ 'took out of the way, nailing it to His cross.' [Colossians 2:14.] Paul calls it 'the law of commandments contained in ordinances.' [Ephesians 2:15.] This ceremonial law, given by God through Moses, with its sacrifices and ordinances, was to be binding upon the Hebrews until type met antitype in the death of Christ as the Lamb of God to take away the sin of the world. Then all the sacrificial offerings and services were to be abolished. Paul and the other apostles labored to show this, and resolutely withstood those Judaizing teachers who declared that Christians should observe the ceremonial law." The Signs of the Times, September 4, 1884.
In Galatians 5:4, Paul made it very clear that we are fallen from grace and removed from Christ if we obey these ordinances: "Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace." I trust by now that you can see how serious it is to continue to observe these Jewish ceremonies that have met their fulfillment in Christ.
Those who persist in keeping the feast days are denying that Christ came to earth and died at the appointed time in a.d. 27 and are not accepting what is given in God's Word and the Spirit of Prophecy. How can any Seventh-day Adventist today, who claims to have the faith of Jesus as we read in Revelation 14:12, deny our precious Saviour by keeping feast days, which by their very purpose showed that Christ had not yet come the first time?
To be continued …
Continued (Part 2)
Present Truth for Today—Are the Jewish Feast Days Included? Part II
There have always been some truths that are applicable in every age and are therefore to be preached and accepted by God's children at all times—such as love, hope, repentance, obedience, thankfulness, and praise. Such truths are always in season.
But those who persist in keeping the feast days are denying that Christ came to earth and died at the appointed time in a.d. 31 and are not accepting what is given in God's Word and the Spirit of Prophecy. How can any Seventh-day Adventist today, who claims to have the faith of Jesus as we read in Revelation 14:12, deny our precious Saviour by keeping feast days, which by their very purpose showed that Christ had not yet come the first time?
The Passover, with its feast of unleavened bread, was fulfilled; for we read in 1 Corinthians 5:7 that Jesus, our Passover, was crucified for us. The unleavened bread was the offering of Christ's sinless life, for He said, "I am the Bread of life." John 6:35. The slain lamb, the unleavened bread, the sheaf of the first fruits represented our Saviour's death, His sinless life, and resurrection.
As Christians, we now celebrate the Lord's Supper, which Christ instituted in the place of the Passover. Jesus said, "As often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do show the Lord's death till he come." 1 Corinthians 11:26.
In the Review and Herald, May 31, 1898, we read: "In instituting the sacramental service to take the place of the Passover, Christ left for his church a memorial of his great sacrifice for man. 'This do,' he said, 'in remembrance of me.' [Luke 22:19.] This was the point of transition between two economies and their two great festivals. The one was to close forever; the other, which he had just established, was to take its place, and to continue through all time as the memorial of his death."
"This ordinance [feet-washing] does not speak so largely to man's intellectual capacity as to his heart. His moral and spiritual nature needs it. If His disciples had not needed this, it would not have been left for them as Christ's last established ordinance in connection with, and including, the last supper. It was Christ's desire to leave to his disciples an ordinance that would do for them the very thing they needed,—that would serve to disentangle them from the rites and ceremonies which they had hitherto engaged in as essential, and which the reception of the gospel made no longer of any force. To continue these rites would be an insult to Jehovah." Ibid., June 14, 1898. Nothing could be spoken more clearly.
Other Fulfillments
Now, let us consider the Feast of Weeks called The Pentecost. This was fulfilled 50 days following the Last Supper. It was known as the celebration of the wheat harvest, made possible by the early rains, which provided the harvests at Pentecost. It was at this time that the Holy Spirit descended with mighty power upon the disciples.
Pentecost, called also the Feast of Weeks or Feast of Harvest, was a time of gratitude to God for the harvest. "As an expression of gratitude for the grain prepared as food, two loaves baked with leaven were presented before God." Patriarchs and Prophets, 540. Pentecost occupied but one day, which was devoted to religious service. The feasts of the Passover, the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and the Feast of Harvest or Pentecost occurred during the spring of the year. All these feasts pointed forward to events connected with the redemption provided by Christ at the time of the first advent.
After Pentecost came the Feast of Trumpets. This feast took place ten days before the Day of Atonement. The fall feasts represent events before and after the Second Advent. The three fall feasts were the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles.
Next came the Day of Atonement. Its fulfillment is in progress today. To keep this feast day is to deny that Christ is in the most holy place of the heavenly sanctuary making atonement for our sins. The keeping of this feast day would make it impossible for us to benefit from His work in the heavenly sanctuary. This is not the time to be concerned with Jewish feast days of the past.
Ellen White clearly emphasized that preparation for the atonement is the present truth of this hour: "We are in the great day of atonement, and the sacred work of Christ for the people of God that is going on at the present time in the heavenly sanctuary should be our constant study. We should teach our children what the typical Day of Atonement signified and that it was a special season of great humiliation and confession of sins before God. The antitypical day of atonement is to be of the same character. Everyone who teaches the truth by precept and example will give the trumpet a certain sound. You need ever to cultivate spirituality, because it is not natural for you to be heavenly-minded. The great work is before us of leading the people away from worldly customs and practices, up higher and higher, to spirituality, piety, and earnest work for God. It is your work to proclaim the message of the third angel, to sound the last note of warning to the world." Testimonies, vol. 5, 520.
"Will our churches humble themselves before the Lord in this day of atonement? Will they put away the sins which defile their garments of character, and separate them from God? The present is our day of visitation. Look not to a future, more convenient season, when the cross to be lifted will be less heavy, when the inclinations of the carnal heart will be subdued with less effort. 'Today,' saith the Spirit of God, 'if ye will hear his voice, harden not your heart.' [Hebrews 3:7, 8.] Today go about the work, else you may be one day too late. The impression that you have now may not be as strong tomorrow. Satan's snare may close about you. The candlestick may be moved out of its place, and you left in darkness. 'See that you refuse not him that speaketh.' [Hebrews 12:25.] Says the true Witness, 'Behold, I stand at the door and knock.' [Revelation 3:20.] Every warning, reproof, and entreaty in the word of God, or through his delegated messengers, is a knock at the door of the heart; it is the voice of Jesus, asking for entrance. With every knock unheeded, your determination to open becomes weaker and weaker. If the voice of Jesus is not heeded at once, it becomes confused in the mind with a multitude of other voices, the world's care and business engross the attention, and conviction dies away. The heart becomes less impressible, and lapses into a perilous unconsciousness of the shortness of time, and of the great eternity beyond. The heavenly Guest is standing at your door, while you are piling up obstructions to bar his entrance. Jesus is knocking through the prosperity he gives you. He loads you with blessings to test your fidelity, that they may flow out from you to others. Will you permit your selfishness to triumph? Will you squander God's talents, and lose your soul through idolatrous love of the blessings he has given?" Review and Herald, November 2, 1886.
"This is our washing and ironing time—the time when we are to cleanse our robes of character in the blood of the Lamb. John says, 'Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world' (John 1:29). . . . Shall we not let our sin go? . . .
"I entreat you, brethren and sisters, to labor earnestly to secure the crown of everlasting life. The reward will be worth the conflict, worth the effort. . . . In the race in which we are running, everyone may receive the reward offered―a crown of everlasting life. I [Ellen White] want this crown; I mean by God's help to have it. I mean to hold fast to the truth, that I may see the King in His beauty." In Heavenly Places, 356.
Feast of Tabernacles
Let us consider the last feast of the Jewish year, which was called the Feast of Tabernacles. Here we must again ask a very important question: Have the prophetic requirements of this Feast of Tabernacles been fulfilled for God's people today? The answer is, No.
The purpose of this feast for Israel of old was to bring to memory how God had delivered them from the Egyptian bondage and by His loving care had protected and brought them to the Promised Land. This is why they were commanded to go to Jerusalem, at the close of each Jewish year, and abide in temporary shelters made from the branches of trees. During this feast, they were to celebrate. The Day of Atonement had been completed; all of their past sins had been carried away out of the sanctuary into the wilderness by the scapegoat.
For us who are living in the end-time, we cannot celebrate this Feast of Tabernacles, for our Day of Atonement is still in progress. Our past sins have not been blotted out of the heavenly sanctuary, as of yet. Furthermore, we have not reached the Promised Land and entered into the heavenly New Jerusalem where we shall abide in temporary homes until we are finally restored to the earth made new, there to build houses and inhabit them. (Isaiah 65:21.)
Camp Meetings
In reference to these facts, the Spirit of Prophecy encourages the people of God today to hold and to attend camp meetings. At these gatherings, a rehearsing of how God has led in the development of His church is to be given. In addition, studies should be given, as the end draws near, on how to meet the final test and be ready to see Jesus. By such suggestions, Ellen White is not telling us to keep the feast days, but that our camp meetings should become presentations filled with glorious truths of the Second Coming of our Saviour that will bring to an end our wandering in this sin-cursed world.
She further states in the Review and Herald, January 9, 1883, "The opinion is widely held, that the sacrifices and offerings of the Hebrews possess no significance for Christians, and can be of no interest to them. This opinion is without foundation. It is true that the ceremonies of the Mosaic law are not now to be observed; but, when rightly understood, they are seen to be all aglow with sacred and important truths. These rites, appointed by Jehovah himself, were like so many beacons to light up the path of God's ancient people, and to direct their minds to the great sacrifice to be offered for the sins of men. Viewed in the light of the cross, they contain most precious lessons for the people of God today."
This is what Ellen White had in mind when she spoke of camp meetings in the Review and Herald, November 17, 1885. "Well would it be for us to have a feast of tabernacles, a joyous commemoration of the blessings of God to us as a people. As the children of Israel celebrated the deliverance that God wrought for their fathers, and his miraculous preservation of them during their journeyings from Egypt to the Promised Land, so should the people of God at the present time gratefully call to mind the various ways He has devised to bring them out from the world, out from the darkness of error, into the precious light of truth. . . . We should gratefully regard the old way-marks, and refresh our souls with memories of the loving-kindness of our gracious Benefactor."
Several years later, Mrs. White wrote: "The forces of the enemies are strengthening, and as a people we are misrepresented; but shall we not gather our forces together, and come up to the feast of tabernacles? Let us not treat this matter as one of little importance, but let the army of the Lord be on the ground to represent the work and cause of God in Australia. Let no one plead an excuse at such a time. One of the reasons why we have appointed the camp meeting to be held at Melbourne, is that we desire the people of that vicinity to become acquainted with our doctrines and works. We want them to know what we are, and what we believe. Let everyone pray, and make God his trust. Those who are barricaded with prejudice must hear the warning message for this time. We must find our way to the hearts of the people. Therefore, come to the camp meeting, even though you have to make a sacrifice to do so, and the Lord will bless your efforts to honor his cause and advance his work." The Bible Echo, December 8, 1893.
Present Truth
There is no doubt as to the conclusion as we read from Manuscript Releases, vol. 18, 270: "Will you listen to the voice of Christ? Will you break away from self and respond, 'We come, Lord, we come. With joy shall we draw water out of the wells of salvation'? Then shall your life henceforth be a continual Feast of Tabernacles, a continual thank offering for unnumbered and unmerited blessings."
Finally, let us ever keep in mind, "The people whom God had called to be the pillar and ground of the truth had become representatives of Satan. They were doing the work that he desired them to do, taking a course to misrepresent the character of God, and cause the world to look upon Him as a tyrant. The very priests who ministered in the temple had lost sight of the significance of the service they performed. They had ceased to look beyond the symbol to the thing signified. In presenting the sacrificial offerings they were as actors in a play. The ordinances which God Himself had appointed were made the means of blinding the mind and hardening the heart. God could do no more for man through these channels. The whole system must be swept away." The Desire of Ages, 36.
So, let us fill our minds with present truth. May we not be ensnared by the great deceiver and become so involved with past Old Testament feast days that we shall fail to meet heaven's requirements for the final atonement and to give the last warning message of present truth—the Three Angels' Messages.
For over 60 years Pastor Lawrence Nelson served as an evangelist and minister for the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Of that time, he served 13 years as the director of evangelism for youth at the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Upon retirement from the General Conference, he continued to pastor, but when, as a result of his stand for truth, he was denied the opportunity to continue his pastorate, he started Keep the Faith Audio Tape Ministry, recording his sermons and making them available to individuals. Before his retirement from this ministry in 2004, over 18,000 audiotapes were being sent around the world each month.


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While all companies selling products in the US must comply with relevant federal and international regulations, those doing business in the state of California must also be aware of the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, commonly known as California Proposition 65, or Cal Prop 65. Today, companies are becoming increasingly vulnerable to Notices of Violation and lawsuits caused by failure to comply with Cal Prop 65 requirements.
Compliance Enviro Services offers comprehensive programs to help you achieve Prop 65 compliance, which include:
Product assessments
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What is California Proposition 65?
The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, often referred to as Cal Prop 65, is a California law intended to protect the State's residents and drinking water sources from toxic chemicals and to inform its citizens about exposure to them. The State published a list of naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals that are known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. That list, which must be updated and published once a year, has grown to include more than 950 chemicals since its inception. The two main categories of the listed chemicals are carcinogens and reproductive toxicants.
While Cal Prop 65 does not expressly prohibit the sale of products containing its listed chemicals, it does require the manufacturer to provide a "clear and reasonable" warning if a product's content of a listed chemical exceeds the "safe harbor level." Of the 950+ chemicals regulated by Prop 65, safe harbor levels have only been identified for about 300.
Does California Proposition 65 Apply to Your Product?
California Prop 65 applies to all consumer products sold in the state of California.
AI experts will test your products for listed chemicals and advise you on achieving Prop 65 compliance. We have expertise in a wide variety of product categories, including, but not limited to:
Toys and children's products
Cosmetics and beauty products
Electrical and electronic goods


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Ptolemy III & Berenice II, Euergetes Gate
by Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones
Ptolemy III and Berenice II stand before Chonsu (their heads and feet vandalized by Christian iconoclasts) on a relief scene of the Euergetes Gate (Thebes, ca. 240-220 BCE). Photo courtesy of Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones, Cardiff University.
Original image by Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones. Uploaded by Branko van Oppen, published on 23 May 2019. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution. This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.
Berenice II Euergetis
Berenice II Euergetis (c. 267-221 BCE) was a pre-eminent Hellenistic...
Ptolemaic Dynasty
The Ptolemaic dynasty controlled Egypt for almost three centuries...
The Economy of Ptolemaic Egypt
Ptolemaic Egypt rapidly established itself as an economic powerhouse...
Arsinoe II Philadelphus
Arsinoe II (l. c. 318/311 - c. 270/268 BCE), daughter of Ptolemy...
Ptolemy I
Ptolemy I Soter (366-282 BCE) was one of the successor kings to...
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (The Father-loving God, born 62/61...
Branko van Oppen de Ruiter. Berenice II Euergetis. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, 64, pl, 3.13a.
Stefan Pfeiffer. Herrscher- und Dynasiekulte im Ptolemäerreich. C.H. Beck: Munich, 2008, 82-85, fig. 13.
Llewellyn-Jones, L. (2019, May 23). Ptolemy III & Berenice II, Euergetes Gate. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10742/ptolemy-iii--berenice-ii-euergetes-gate/
Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd. "Ptolemy III & Berenice II, Euergetes Gate." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified May 23, 2019. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10742/ptolemy-iii--berenice-ii-euergetes-gate/.
Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd. "Ptolemy III & Berenice II, Euergetes Gate." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 23 May 2019. Web. 07 Feb 2023.


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NHLNHL
NHL DraftNHL Draft
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U.S. coach still says: Sit for anthem, sit game
1045dScott Burnside
Rangers agree to terms with trade pickup Trouba
12hEmily Kaplan
Francis welcomes 'great chance' to be Seattle GM
McDavid's signature forged on Oilers jerseys
Caps' Ovechkin to make summer trip to China
Prove them wrong, Ron Francis
1dGreg Wyshynski
Red Wings re-sign Hicketts to two-year deal
Report: Ex-Preds captain's death apparent suicide
Athletes join in on the FaceApp #AgeChallenge
3dKelly Cohen
Knicks Compete?
Avalanche sign winger Compher to 4-year deal
Hall of Famer Ron Francis named Seattle GM
Wild re-sign restricted FA Donato, two others
Veteran Del Zotto returns to Ducks on 1-year deal
John Tortorella reiterates that U.S. team must stand for anthem
Tortorella says he'll bench any player that sits during national anthem (1:34)
Team USA and Columbus Blue Jackets coach John Tortorella says that if any of his players sit during the national anthem, he will bench them for the rest of the game. (1:34)
Scott BurnsideESPN Senior Writer
Covers hockey for ESPN.com
10 years at Toronto Sun, Windsor Star and National Post
Wrote best-selling true crime book "Deadly Innocence"
COLUMBUS, OHIO -- John Tortorella, the coach of Team USA for the upcoming World Cup of Hockey, isn't backing off on his comments that he'd bench any player who didn't stand for the U.S. national anthem.
On Tuesday, Tortorella told ESPN: "If any of my players sit on the bench for the national anthem, they will sit there the rest of the game." The coach seemed taken aback Wednesday by the reaction to his comment, but he did not backtrack on his stance.
"I'm not backing off," Tortorella said after the team's on-ice workout Wednesday.
"I'll tell you right now. Try to understand me. I'm not criticizing anybody for stepping up and putting their thoughts out there about things. I'm the furthest thing away from being anything political. No chance I'm involved in that stuff," Tortorella said.
John Tortorella is not backing down from his comments on players standing during the national anthem. Jeff Vinnick/NHLI via Getty Images
But the Columbus Blue Jackets coach says he remains unequivocal in his belief that the flag and the anthem should be sacrosanct. Tortorella has a son who is deployed in Afghanistan for the third time as a member of the U.S. Army Special Forces.
Capital Games: Measuring Progress
Andy Katz and Rick Klein chat with U.S. Veteran Nate Boyer as well as U.S. Congressman Hakeem Jeffries about the authenticity of Colin Kaepernick's message and how we can turn it into real change. Plus, ESPN business reporter Darren Rovell on Kaepernick's jersey sales. Listen
"Listen," he told reporters. "We're in a great country because we can express ourselves. And I am not against expressing yourselves. That's what's great about our country. We can do that. But when there are men and women that give their lives for their flag, for their anthem, have given their lives, continue to put themselves on the line with our services for our flag, for our anthem, families that have been disrupted, traumatic physical injuries, traumatic mental injuries for these people that give us the opportunity to do the things we want to do, there's no chance an anthem and a flag should come into any type of situation where you're trying to make a point.
"It is probably the most disrespectful thing you can do as a U.S. citizen is to bring that in. Because that's our symbol. All for [expressing] yourself. That's what's so great. Everybody does. But no chance when it comes to the flag and the anthem. No chance."
The issue of respecting the anthem has created a firestorm of debate and controversy after San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick chose to sit for the national anthem during one NFL preseason game and then kneel for another.
Tortorella, 58, said a number of the players on Team USA came to him after his comments were made public and supported his views on respecting the anthem and flag.
Team North America defenseman Seth Jones was asked Thursday about Tortorella's comments regarding sitting for the anthem.
"I have no problem with the comments," Jones said. "You're not going to see me sitting down. ... I don't know Kaepernick at all, but I won't sit down. Not even a thought."
Jones, the son of former NBA player Popeye Jones, plays for Tortorella in Columbus and is the highest-drafted African-American in the NHL.
In a follow-up interview with ESPN's Linda Cohn on Wednesday, Tortorella described what would happen if a player on one of his teams decided to boycott the national anthem.
"On this team here, this World Cup team, there wouldn't even be a player that would think about doing that because I know the guys well enough. We've gone through it," he said. "But if I was ever involved in a situation where someone is trying to make a point, and they have a perfect right to do that, but to disrespect our flag and anthem, as I said yesterday, they would not play.
"If that ever happened, there's no question, it's just not right. And it's not black, white, blue, red. It has nothing to do with the politics of all of this. It's just not right. This is our country. Our people are fighting for our country, our flag and our anthem. That shouldn't come into this equation at all. There are other ways of doing things."
Earlier Wednesday, a member of the U.S. Army addressed the team but neither Tortorella nor the members of Team USA would describe the exchange.
"We are playing hockey," Tortorella said. "Other people are doing real stuff. This gentleman who spoke to us this morning is doing the real stuff. Life and death. We just want to give to our country in our own little way. Quite honestly we are entertainers. What this man talked about in our locker room and what he does casts a huge shadow over us as far as what we're doing."
Canada World Cup coach Mike Babcock, who also coaches the Toronto Maple Leafs, was asked what would happen if one of his players sat during the national anthem in protest.
"This is what I know: I'm not going to have to make that decision because that's not going to happen," he said. "So I don't have to worry about that reaction. At that time I guess I would decide what to do. One of the greatest things about this tournament is that most of us get to play for your country, and that's a thrill of a lifetime in itself. And then when you get to do it on Canadian soil, that's another thrill.
"For those of us who have the life we have, and the freedom we have, to repay respects to the people who went before us and made sure that happened; I mean, it's pretty straightforward and common sense to me. But I don't know why we're talking about this."
ESPN senior writer Craig Custance contributed to this report.


BVA History The company was first established by Fred Braun in 1968, as an in-house Engineering Design firm, involved with capital-project engineering and outplacement of individuals. By 1982, the company had a new name – Braun Associates – and had evolved into a total recruiting agency for technical people in the North American petrochemical industry. With the acquisition of Valley project Services, in 1999, the company once again had a new name – Braun-Valley Associates. Today, BVA enjoys a very high profile in the Sarnia-Lambton area, as well as the North American arenas.
Accessible Customer Service Plan – available in accessible formats upon request.
Employment and Information/Communication Standard – available in accessible formats upon request.


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Q: How to extract all the value from a returned Map to a List? So i have this map final Map<DateTime, List<CleanCalendarEvent>>? events;. I want to take some item from this Map based on the DateTime, so i do:
final recentSunday = DateTime(_selectedDate.year, _selectedDate.month,_selectedDate.day - _selectedDate.weekday % 7);
final nextSunday = DateTime(recentSunday.year, recentSunday.month, recentSunday.day + 7);

selectedCloseEvents = (widget.events?.firstWhereOrNull((date) =>
                date.key.compareTo(recentSunday) > 0 &&
                date.key.compareTo(nextSunday) < 0) ??
            [])

this should return all event in a week in Map<DateTime, List<CleanCalendarEvent>> format. I need it as  List<CleanCalendarEvent>.
I have tried:
_selectedCloseEvents = (widget.events?.firstWhereOrNull((date) =>
                date.key.compareTo(recentSunday) > 0 &&
                date.key.compareTo(nextSunday) < 0) ??
            [])
        .value as List<CleanCalendarEvent>?;

But it didn't worked. How to select only value from this Map?

A: According to the documentation this should give you a list of CleanCalenderEvent:
_selectedCloseEvents = selectedCloseEvents.values.toList()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Portuguese cinema on ICM official lists
Favs/dislikes: 22:0. All films from Portugal on ICM lists.
lampadatriste
Most International Industry Awards
Favs/dislikes: 17:0. Below are the films that have won over five "industry awards," defined as those awards selected by professionals in the movie business. I limited the pool of film industry bodies to those from the following countries: Australia (AACTA, formerly AFI), China (Golden Horse & Golden Rooster), France (Cesar), Germany (Lola), Great Britain (BAFTA), Italy (Donatello), India (Lotus), Japan (Awards of the Japanese Academy), Mexico (Ariel), Russia (Nika), Sweden (Guldbagge), and the United States (Oscar). All titles are sorted first by total, then by year of release. The leader (at 23) is "The Last Emperor" with 9 Oscars, 9 Donatellos, 3 BAFTAs, 1 Cesar, and an award from the Japanese Academy.
guldbagge
samlowery
Best Québec Movies
Favs/dislikes: 13:0. 50 movies chosen by 50 movie specialists. Poll from La Presse, a Montréal newspaper, in 2007.
Josh Brolin Filmograhy
Favs/dislikes: 13:0.
robzombie
Latvian Cultural Canon: Cinema
Favs/dislikes: 9:0. The list was compiled by an ad hoc group of experts: film critics VALENTĪNA FREIMANE; DITA RIETUMA and KRISTĪNE MATĪSA; philosopher ULDIS TĪRONS; film director JĀNIS PUTNIŅŠ.
wonderful+rainbow
Canadian Screen Award Best Motion Picture Nominees
Favs/dislikes: 8:0. This list contains all movies that have been nominated for Best Motion Picture in the Canadian Screen Awards. Formerly the Genie Awards (1980-2012).
mlamarre79
Maariv's Best Israeli Films of All Time
Favs/dislikes: 7:0. In 2013 the Hebrew language newspaper Maariv asked 20 critics and filmmakers which Israeli films they thought the best, the result of which is this list of 40 films.
maariv
Portuguese Golden Globes - Best Movie (Globos de Ouro Portugal - Melhor Filme)
Favs/dislikes: 7:0. This list contains the movies that won the golden globe for best movie in Globos de Ouro, a cerimony that rewards portuguese projects in several areas of art. Started in 1996.
chokapika
Canadian Screen Award Best Motion Pictures
Favs/dislikes: 5:0. The movies on this list have all been awarded a Best Motion Picture Canadian Screen Award. Formerly the Genie Awards (1980-2012).
Istanbulfilm's Balkan cinema lists
Favs/dislikes: 5:0. A list of films compiled from various Balkan countries. Most countries are represented with various standouts from their respective national cinemas. Albania (1-8), Bosnia and Herzegovina (9-17), Bulgaria (18-48), Croatia (49-62), Greece (63-91), Macedonia (92-102), Romania (103-134), Serbia (135-171), Slovenia (172-183)
panunzio
Spanish-language Movies on Icheckmovies-Lists
Favs/dislikes: 5:0. List of all spanish-language movies with at least 2 entries on Icheckmovies-lists. Contact me if there are still some missing.
behnam+l
American Gangster Cinema
Favs/dislikes: 3:0. The filmography listed in the book American Gangster Cinema: From Little Caesar to Pulp Fiction (2002) by Fran Mason
Canadian Film Award Film of the Year Winners
Favs/dislikes: 3:0. The movies on this list have all been awarded a Film of the Year Canadian Film Award.
National Canadian Film Day: 150 Canadian Films
Favs/dislikes: 3:0. Need a place to start? REEL CANADA is here to help with our "150 Canadian Films" list. This is not a "best ever" list and is by no means definitive. But the films on this list do reflect the vast range of stories that Canadians tell. It's a list as diverse as the country itself, providing examples of excellence in every conceivable genre. Think of it as a sampler. If you love movies or Canada or both, there is something here for you.
Venezuelan Movies
Favs/dislikes: 3:0. A list of the most popular and critically acclaimed movies from Venezuela
avinciguerra
Canadian Film Award Best Feature Films
Favs/dislikes: 2:0. The movies on this list have all been awarded a Best Feature Film Canadian Film Award.
Ophir Award - Best Film
Favs/dislikes: 0:0. The Ophir Awards (Hebrew: פרס אופיר), also the Israeli Oscars, are film awards awarded by the Israeli Academy of Film and Television to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry. They are named after actor Shaike Ophir and are awarded since 1982.


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De Heilig Hart van Jezuskerk is een voormalige parochiekerk in de Hoensbroekse wijk Mariarade, gelegen aan Hommerterweg 169. Ten zuiden van de kerk staat de Lourdesgrot van Mariarade.

Geschiedenis
De wijk Mariarade werd gesticht in de buurtschap Kouvenrade als gevolg van de oprichting van Staatsmijn Emma. Er verschenen mijnwerkerskolonies en in 1915 werd door de broeders Minderbroeders-conventuelen een klein klooster gebouwd, met daarbij een kleine zaalkerk. De kolonie kreeg de naam Kloosterkolonie. In 1929 werd door de minderbroeders een Lourdesgrot gebouwd en deze groeide spoedig uit tot een bedevaartsoord. Zo ontstond de naam Mariarade.

In 1947 werd te Mariarade een rectoraat opgericht. Een definitieve kerk werd gebouwd in 1961-1962, en architect was Harry Koene. In 1964 kwam een nieuw klooster gereed aan het Emmaplein, waarop de oude kerk en het oude klooster werden gesloopt.

In de jaren '90 van de 20e eeuw werd het aantal zitplaatsen verminderd, en in 2015 werd de kerk onttrokken aan de eredienst.

Gebouw
Het betreft een bakstenen zaalkerk op rechthoekige plattegrond onder lessenaardak, voorzien van een bijgebouw (sacristie) en een hoge en slanke losstaande klokkentoren, eveneens in baksteen. In de kerk zijn vier grote (80 m2 elk) vensters waarvoor glas-appliquétechniek is toegepast. Deze werden ontworpen door Eugène Quanjel. Ze tonen Franciscaanse thema's. Naar het zuiden gericht is het zonneliedvenster. Ook is er een venster dat Antonius van Padua's preek voor de vissen verbeeldt.

Kerkgebouw in Heerlen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Andrew Jackson was the 7th President of the United States, a General, a celebrated war hero, and one of the founders of the Democratic Party. He is one of the most influential and controversial figures in American history, and a lot of the famous stories surrounding Jackson talk about his aggressive temperament, toughness, and his principles.
It was this combination of personality traits that got Andrew Jackson in personal altercations with people, and in more extreme circumstances these altercations could lead to duels. Jackson wasn't a marksman, and he didn't seek to duel people unless he felt he had a personal reason to. Nevertheless throughout his life he participated in many duels and these are three of his more notable ones.
Reasons for dueling during this time were largely based on honor. People challenged each other to duels when the felt their honor was at stake or their reputation was threatened. A man who was considered dishonorable or was slighted in public during this time stood to lose a lot. If a compromise couldn't be reached verbally then a duel might take place.
Dueling on the Frontier during Andrew Jackson's time was not like dueling in the Wild West, meaning people didn't just take 10 steps and shoot as quickly as possible. Most of the time people would stand and fire their gun in the air or purposefully miss their opponent, making the duel more or less about a test of courage. However, there are plenty of real life examples where people would try to kill each other in a duel (for example Hamilton and Burr).
People involved in duels also chose second's, or people to accompany them to the duel to make sure it was legitimate. Often times second's also found themselves acting as peacemakers to a duel, making sure if shots were fired they weren't fired at other people.
It is unknown how many duels Andrew Jackson took part in, but the number of duels is estimated to be between 10 to 100. A number of Jackson duels probably ended with both parties showing up to the agreed location and deciding not to fire their weapons at each other, however that was not always the case.
Andrew Jackson's first duel (that we have any record of) was set against Waightstill Avery, a successful attorney and veteran of the American Revolution. During Jackson's early years as an attorney he faced off against Avery in a civil suit. Avery at this time was a much more experienced attorney than Jackson.
During the trial, Avery who outmatched Jackson considerably, took one of Jackson's arguments and turned it around so badly on him that Jackson felt he had been slighted. Jackson immediately wrote out a challenge for a duel in an old law book and handed it to Avery. Avery didn't take this challenge seriously so the next day at court Jackson challenged him again, and a time and place were set for the two to duel later that evening.
By the time the two had met at the place where they were to duel Jackson had cooled down a bit. The second's of both men assured each of them that their honor would remain intact if they chose not to shoot one another. Nevertheless both men stepped off but ultimately decided not to shoot each other, with each man firing a single shot in the air. Jackson and Avery considered themselves satisfied without bloodshed, and according to Avery's son remained on friendly terms afterwards.
The build up to Andrew Jackson's duel with John Sevier, the first Governor of Tennessee, took a couple of years of bitter rivalry to develop into a duel. The build up to this rivalry began after John Sevier served three consecutive terms as Governor of Tennessee before stepping down due to term limits. In his place Andrew Jackson's friend, Archibald Roane was elected Governor.
Sevier decided to run for the post of Commander of the Militia after his three-term limit was up. His opponent for the post was Jackson, and the election that followed was close enough to be determined a draw. According to Tennessee law at the time it was then up to the Governor (Jackson's friend) to choose the next militia commander. Governor Roane chose Jackson. This defeat to Jackson left Sevier feeling bitter, especially since Sevier had a great deal more military experience than Jackson at this time.
Since Governor terms lasted only two years in Tennessee and since their was no term limit to the number of times you could be Governor during your life, Sevier chose to run for Governor against Roane in the next election. During the election Roane, with Jackson backing him, accused Sevier of bribery and fraud because they believed that Sevier had changed the original land claims for the state of Tennessee. This hurt Sevier's reputation, but did not stop him from defeating Roane for the Governor's seat.
With Sevier now the Governor again, and Jackson still the Commander of the Militia both men saw each other on a regular basis, and Sevier had not forgotten Jackson's accusations during the election. During a heated exchange out in the courthouse square in Knoxville, Sevier accused Jackson of adultery.
Note: Jackson married his wife while she was still married to another man, which would technically constitute adultery. Jackson's wife would eventually be able to obtain a divorce settlement from her former husband making her marriage to Andrew Jackson legitimate.
This accusation led to shots being fired (no one was hurt), and Jackson having to be pulled away from Sevier. The next day he sent Sevier a letter challenging him to a duel. After some disagreements regarding where they were to duel (dueling in Tennessee was illegal) they settled on meeting at Southwest Point (in Virginia at the time) to settle their feud.
Accounts differ as to what happened next, but Jackson arrived at the agreed location first, waiting several hours for Sevier who had been delayed. After awhile, Jackson, believing Sevier was not going to show up, began to head back to Knoxville when he encountered Sevier on the road heading to the agreed location. Both men began exchanging insults on the road, and during the argument Sevier's horse ran off with his firearms. Jackson pulled out his firearm and began chasing Sevier who had to hide behind a tree while their second's tried to calm them down. Eventually, Jackson was calmed down and both men parted ways without any bloodshed.
Supporters of Jackson and Sevier spent the next several months insulting each other in the papers, and debating each other in the bars. The dispute between the Governor and the Commander of the Militia helped advance Jackson's reputation as a man of principle and garnered him a lot of attention, which was important since he was a political upstart at this time.
Andrew Jackson's most notorious duel was set against Charles Dickinson, another upstart attorney trying to build his reputation on the Frontier. The duel with Dickinson, like Jackson's duel with the Governor, also developed over a longer period of time, but this time it was about a horse race.
Jackson had placed a bet with Joseph Erwin, Dickinson's father in law, on having a race between two of their horses. According to their bet, the loser of the horse race would have to pay $2,000, and if a horse couldn't run then their was an $800 forfeiting penalty. Before they could race their horses Erwin's horse went lame, and he and Jackson got into a disagreement over the forfeiting penalty. Eventually, Erwin paid, but hard feelings remained between the two.
Stories about the dispute between Erwin and Jackson spread and grew into something that they probably weren't. Nevertheless, Dickinson became angry about some of the rumors going around between Jackson and his father in-law so he sent a friend of his, Thomas Swann, to ask around about what Jackson was saying about the matter. Swann's meddling into Jackson's affairs prompted Jackson to confront Swann at a bar which ended with Jackson beating Swann with his cane.
These two incidents prompted Dickinson to begin publishing articles in the local paper calling Jackson a coward. Jackson replied by challenging Dickinson to a duel. The two agreed to meet in Kentucky and face off at 24 paces. It should be noted that Dickinson was an excellent marksman, it was said he could shoot 4 bullets within the space of a dollar coin at 24 paces.
Jackson knowing that he was about to duel an excellent marksman, prepared for the event by wearing an overly large coat to disguise his body's form, and to disguise where his heart was located. He also planned on letting Dickinson shoot him first, so that he could take his time with aiming and fire a well placed shot.
At the dueling ground Jackson carried out his strategy with devastating effect. After the order to fire and been given Dickinson turned and shot Jackson in the chest, missing his heart by only an inch. According to witnesses at the event, they all thought Dickinson had missed because Andrew Jackson just stood there like nothing had happened. After being shot in the chest Jackson took his time before finally delivering a bullet to Dickinson's abdomen.
Dickinson collapsed and was taken home where he died several hours later from the wounds he sustained in the duel. As for Jackson, the bullet that hit him was too close to his heart to perform surgery on, and he ended up carrying it with him for the rest of his life. This bullet frequently caused Jackson health problems in his future, with him often coughing up blood as a result and as a reminder to the duel he fought with Dickinson.
Hi, I actually work at the Hermitage, Andrew Jackson's plantation home as one of the Duelists. The number of duels he fought in is not "10 to 100", there are only 3 duels that proceeded to field that Jackson participated in. A duel was a lengthy, time consuming process to set up, and it is very unlikely that there were any duels he fought in that we have no record of.
Personally I would of cheated. I would of used the old steel plate under the coat trick.
Great hub, really fascinating history, Thanks!
Thanks for commenting NateB11. Andrew Jackson was a lunatic, which makes learning about him so fascinating since he rose to the highest position of government in the U.S. when he clearly had serious issues.
I'm always a little amazed and fascinated to learn about the conflicts and violence in American history, especially among our leaders. Andrew Jackson gambling, that is fascinating too.


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Write A Review About Dublin For A Chance to Win A $100 Amazon Gift Card
3 out of 5 stars based on 0 ratings
Care Articles Jobs Dublin, How Are We Doing?
Dublin is a town in Pulaski County, Virginia, United States. The population was 2,534 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Blacksburg–Christiansburg–Radford Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is the site of the Volvo Group Trucks Operations New River Valley Cab and Vehicle Assembly plant. The town was named after Dublin in Ireland. A local legend says that the town was named after New Dublin Presbyterian Church, which was in turn named after Dublin, Ireland.
There are no reviews for Dublin yet.
Elmcroft Senior Living
How did Virginia earn the grade of B? We examined the state taxes based on how age friendly they are. Virginia has a state sales tax of 5.30%. Of particular interest is that Virginia does not have taxes on social security. There are no estate taxes. There are no taxes imposed on inheritance. Virginia has an effective property tax rate of 0.79%. Weighing these taxes and other taxes most likely to impact the aging population is how Virginia earned its state tax grade of B.
Learn more about taxes in Virginia
Review: Dublin, VA
Is Dublin age friendly?


The Illinois Intermediates is part of a group of tournaments in Chicago that provide options for every level of player. Not as tough as the Chicago Charities, in which the top nationally ranked players battle it out, the Intermediates gives the next layer of talent its chance for a title.
The Intermediates is limited to teams whose combined Chicago League Series add up to 4 or more. A guy in the top series (1) would have to play with someone in at least series 3, and so on. Pros aren't allowed no matter their series.
This tournament also features an option for 3-person teams. These "link" teams allow for busy schedules, as well as for players who don't want to take all the pounding a multi-draw paddle tournament so often dishes out. It also gives a team another chance after an injury default. The third member can step in for the next match. Three person teams can rotate players in different rounds, but the team that starts a match has to finish it together. This year, both teams in the Reprieve final were threesomes.
This year's title was captured by the 6th seeded team Kritzler & Rose, who defeated 4th seeds Bice & Johnson 6-4, 6-3 in the final.


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Alpine Skier Filip Zubcic Wins Men's World Cup Giant Slalom in Japan!
February 22, 2020 - For the first time in seven years, Croatia has booked the first place spot in the World Cup thanks to the brilliant rally of alpine skier Filip Zubcic. Ivica Kostelic was the last to do so in Kranjska Gora in 2013.
Namely, 24 Sata reports that Filip Zubcic won the giant slalom at the Naeba Ski Resort in Japan after an impressive second run in which he left Marc Odermatt 0.74 hundredths behind in second.
For the first time in his career, Zubcic started from a high 13th position on a very difficult track. The almost summer-like conditions distracted Zubcic in the first run, where he made an error, but still managed 12th place (1:18.21), 1.58 behind first. Only then did Filip gain momentum.
The warm conditions continued in the second run, though Zubcic flew down the slope like never before. He hit every mark on time, locked in a quick speed, and with a significant advantage, took first place and the best time into the finish line (1:19.04).
The last few skiers had over a second advantage over Filip, but he rode so wisely that they did not stand a chance. Moreover, the conditions were even worse during the second run. The last skier to try to bring him down was Norwegian Henrik Kristoffersen, who had a 1.58 advantage, and eventually lost it all to trail 1.14. Second place went to Marco Odermatt, who was 0.74 hundredth behind Zubcic, and third to Tommy Ford (+1.07).
For Zubcic, this is by far the biggest success of his career after coming second in Adelboden and fourth in Garmisch. Croatia also had not seen the first place in the World Cup since 2013 when Ivica Kostelic won in Kranjska Gora!
Filip is also third overall in the giant slalom, just 50 points behind Slovenian Jean Kranjec. By the end of the season, there are three more races left, and the crystal globe trophy is not so far out of reach. Given his incredible form recently and the downfall of some of his competitors, we hope to see the globe in Filip's hands at the end of the season.
To read more about sport in Croatia, follow TCN's dedicated page.


text:
class Views::DataPassingSystemSpec::ImplicitVariableWriteWidget < Fortitude::Widgets::Html5
  implicit_shared_variable_access true

  def content
    @foo = "foo_from_widget"
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Can Notre Dame Return to the National Championship in 2013?
The Fighting Irish were the only bowl eligible team to finish the regular season unbeaten but were soundly defeated by Alabama in the BCS National Championship. While the blowout loss to the Crimson Tide was a huge disappointment, coach Brian Kelly has this team on the right track. Notre Dame returns a handful of key contributors next year, including improving quarterback Everett Golson and two potential All-American defensive linemen in Louis Nix III and Stephon Tuitt.
Who's Back: QB Everett Golson, WR TJ Jones, WR DaVaris Daniels, LT Zack Martin, LG Chris Watt, DE Stephon Tuitt, NG Louis Nix III, LB Prince Shembo, LB Carlo Calabrese, LB Dan Fox, CB Bennett Jackson, CB KeiVarae Russell, S Matthias Farley
Who's Gone: RB Theo Riddick, WR Robby Toma, TE Tyler Eifert, C Braxston Cave, LB Manti Te'o, S Zeke Motta
NFL Draft Early Entry Possibilities: RB Cierre Wood
2013 Schedule:
Aug. 31 – Temple
Sept. 7 – at Michigan
Sept. 14 – at Purdue
Sept. 21 – Michigan State
Sept. 28 – Oklahoma
Oct. 5 – Arizona State (Arlington)
Oct. 19 – USC
Oct. 26 – at Air Force
Nov. 2 – Navy
Nov. 9 – at Pittsburgh
Nov. 23 – BYU
Nov. 30 – at Stanford
Offensive Preview for 2013:
As expected, quarterback Everett Golson had an up-and-down season in his first year as a starter. The redshirt freshman topped 200 passing yards only once through his first eight games but finished with at least 200 yards in each of his final five contests. Golson's development will be crucial to Notre Dame's offense next year, especially with the question marks surrounding the running backs. Theo Riddick has expired his eligibility, while Cierre Wood is considering a jump to the NFL. With Golson having another year to work with Brian Kelly and offensive coordinator Chuck Martin, he will be counted on to carry more of the offense in 2013.
In addition to the question marks at running back, Notre Dame lost tight end Tyler Eifert to the NFL. The junior led the team in receptions and receiving yards during the regular season. With Eifert gone to the NFL, receivers TJ Jones and DaVaris Daniels need to step up next season, especially while the Fighting Irish look for a new go-to option at tight end.
Despite the loss of center Braxston Cave and guard Mike Golic Jr., Notre Dame should be solid on the offensive line. Left tackle Zack Martin will be in the mix for All-America honors, while guard Chris Watt and right tackle Christian Lombard are experienced, proven options.
Defensive Preview for 2013:
Although Brian Kelly won with offense at Central Michigan and Cincinnati, he smartly realized his best chance to win in 2012 rested with his defense. The Fighting Irish finished in the top 10 of total and scoring defense this year and allowed the fewest rushing touchdowns of any team in college football.
This unit has some holes to fill but will be one of the best in the nation once again in 2013. Replacing linebacker Manti Te'o's leadership and production won't be easy, but the Fighting Irish return one of the top defensive lines in college football, along with Prince Shembo, Dan Fox, Danny Spond and Carlo Calabrese at linebacker.
The secondary had to replace both starting cornerbacks going into 2012 but the new starters held up well all season. KeiVarae Russell should be better in his second year as a starter, while Bennett Jackson is back after ranking second on the team in interceptions. The secondary could get a boost if safety Jamoris Slaughter is awarded an extra year of eligibility from the NCAA after tearing his Achilles against Michigan State.
Chance of playing for the national title in 2013 season:
Notre Dame's chances of getting back to the national championship aren't as high as Alabama. However, the Fighting Irish should be a top-10 team in most preseason polls and should be in the mix for a BCS bowl. Although Notre Dame should win at least 10 games next year, replacing the leadership and production from Manti Te'o won't be easy. Te'o was a huge part of the Fighting Irish's success and simply won't be replaced in 2013. While the defense may take a small step back, the offense figures to be better, and the schedule isn't overwhelming. If Notre Dame can survive an early road trip to Michigan and a home date against USC, the season finale against Stanford could be for a trip to the BCS title game.
Very Early Preseason Rank for 2013: Top 10


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public:
	Glyph();
	Glyph(uint32 index, float32 width, float32 height, float32 xOffset, float32 yOffset, float32 xAdvance, const float32 (&textCoords)[12], const float32 (&vertices)[12]);
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text:
Q: Is Stack Overflow the place to ask about the "goals of different programming models and languages"? I've read this article many a times and ran in to it again today: Signs that you're a bad programmer
And the 2nd paragraph is something I've been thinking about a lot recently: 2. Poor understanding of the language's programming model
There's a plethora of programming languages out there, and a lot of programming models. I learned programming in college. With some basic Java, PHP, Javascript and C#. These are all either scripted or OOP.
There are several more models and several more languages that implement those models.
Recently, I first tried out Ruby, and I never got beyond the basic stuff. Make an array, make a string, do substrings, etc...
My main problem was: why was I doing this? Why use a different tool when I already have one. You read so much stuff about how great certain languages are, but I feel I don't understand the goal of Ruby. Or its goals, if it has multiple.
Take PHP for example: you can use it to power websites, but also just to be a script that responds to a server request with some text-data.
Then there's other models. Why do I use them and in what situations? Why prefer them over other models, etc...
I'd like to make a Stack Overflow community question, asking this and then making a accessible list for future reference. Or is this not the place for it?

A: SO is definitely not the place for such a discussion, nor is programmers.
I suggest cstheory as a suitable place.


text:
Hollywood's Disappearing Chinese Money
There are rumors of money; there is the logic of money ("this investment makes such sense"); there is the promise of money; there even is an agreement to provide money. And sometimes this is almost as good as actual money.
At present, the Chinese represent all of those things to the American movie business. The rumor, the logic and the promise of Chinese money, and many signed deals for it, have begun to remake the industry and suggest a future of almost unlimited expansion. The 2014 American Film Market might as well have taken place in China instead of Santa Monica for the high-profile presence of Chinese interests and dealmakers. And yet, in fact, there is very little actual Chinese money in Hollywood.
There are, with a cold eye, probably only two meaningful deals involving Chinese investment in the U.S. industry — and both are exceptions.
The first is the 2012 purchase of AMC Theatres by Dalian Wanda Group, China's largest film exhibitor. This often is grouped with the theoretical Chinese cash washing into Hollywood but probably should be understood more cautiously as real estate diversification. While Wanda has made media bets, including recent sports broadcast investments, it is overwhelmingly a commercial real estate company (all of its subsequent investments in the U.S. have been in property development).
The second deal involves STX Entertainment, a ministudio run by producer Robert Simonds, former Viacom COO Tom McGrath and former Universal Pictures chairman Adam Fogelson. STX is backed by U.S. private-equity firm TPG and Hony Capital, a Chinese private-equity firm rather than media company, which, in spring 2014, invested $65 million in the startup — money STX has banked. While this transaction is held up as an example of the Chinese Hollywood Spring, it is much less in the spirit of a deal that connects Hollywood to a vast new market and much more a one-off private-equity transaction, evaluated for its returns and not its synergies. It is not dissimilar to, say, Hony's recent investment in the London-based Pizza Express chain.
A better example of the pace and tenor of Chinese investment is former Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov's launch of his production company Studio 8. At about the time of Hony's investment in STX, Robinov and Huayi Brothers, the big Chinese film and television group, announced a term sheet — accompanied by a press rollout more appropriate for the closing of a major deal — to provide Robinov with $120 million to $150 million. Alas, no deal finally was to be done.
Instead of giving cash to an American company, Huayi — which previously had pulled out of its announced backing of Legendary Pictures' plans to produce films in China — opened an office of its own, run by Donald Tang, former chair of Bear Stearns in Asia, that will evaluate movies for investment on a piecemeal basis. That's a far cry from underwriting major Chinese-American film endeavors.
Studio 8 then turned to Fosun, China's largest privately held conglomerate with significant media holdings, which similarly announced an investment, reportedly as much as $200 million — except, say sources familiar with the deal, not really. These sources claim a significant part of the investment is to be funded on a project-by-project basis — hence, if the early films don't work, Studio 8 might be exposed to a change of heart at Fosun. (In early 2014, Fosun announced it was near buying Forbes, but that deal fell through.) Similarly, the China-focused subsidiary Legendary East, after it lost Huayi funding, turned to the state-run China Film Co. But so far its big production, The Great Wall, has suffered long delays.
With even more publicity, Alibaba's Jack Ma came to Hollywood in late 2014 and, brimming with movie interest and ambitions, sat next to Ari Emanuel at a Lakers game (reminiscent of Michael Ovitz seducing Sony and Matsushita), met with Sony to discuss a co-financing deal, with Paramount and with Fox — all to no apparent conclusion — then appeared to make an offer to buy a controlling interest in Lionsgate. That transaction, too, drifted into the ether. Lionsgate instead announced a deal by which it and Hunan TV will co-invest "within three years," a time frame that provides lots of wiggle room.
In part, these deal disconnects reflect the cultural misunderstanding that can complicate international transactions. The Chinese approach often is to show up and say: "We'd like to buy your company. Show us your books." The native response is, "Make me an offer, and no, you can't see my books." The result often is a nondeal deal, a willingness to begin a relationship but a resistance to make the first move — producing a term sheet that hardly commits anyone to anything.
The Chinese, according to a film executive who has had significant dealings with Chinese investors, "like to have a meeting, take a picture, issue a press release. Then they think hard about the deal, quite often losing enthusiasm for it. They call it caution. We call it reneging." (Curiously, Hollywood, with its long history of now-you-see-it-now-you-don't financing, nonetheless has seemed perplexed by vaporizing Chinese money.) "Everything can look and feel like you're having a meeting and you're talking to CAA," adds the exec. "You forget it's a communist country, that these companies are not entirely free to do whatever they want — that money doesn't leave China without somebody up there saying so."
This also might reflect a canny business approach on the part of the Chinese. Why cough up actual dough when you can reap influence, intelligence and status for free?
Hollywood often has opened its arms to outside investors who must pay to enter the club. The Chinese, however, are in a significantly different position because Hollywood wants to enter China. The Chinese box office soon will rival the size of the U.S. box office. When an American movie works there, it works at a Transformers-like level. At the same time, much of this potential is out of reach for U.S. studios without a Chinese partner. Lots of movies can go into China for a flat fee, but if you want a better cut of the box office, you need government approval — that is, a nod from SAPPRFT, the state agency that sanctions Chinese co-productions. U.S. film executives have chosen to ignore China's dismal record on human and media rights (even as those same execs stand up for creative freedoms in the Sony hack and Charlie Hebdo tragedies), all chasing the promise of a financial savior.
To boot, Chinese money appears the only game in town.
Everyone needs to do financing deals, with studios cutting back on production and focusing resources on tentpole projects. If you want to get a film made, you have to bring money to the table. But the hedge-fund deals that used to be plentiful didn't work out so well; tax money from Germany and the U.K. is gone; and in Japan, where the box-office share for U.S. films has plummeted, investors have turned against American movies. There really is no other large source of capital, not even the illusion of a source, except China.
The Chinese seem to understand their advantages all too well. And yet there is the ongoing logic of the China deal, invariably expressed as, "China needs content." Like oil.
The expectation continues to be that China will enter the U.S. market not in a minority position but with a major buy. Lionsgate, along with MGM, seem all but ripe. Then there are the big kahunas: the ailing Sony or Paramount post-Sumner Redstone. Ultimately, inevitably, big, dumb money will begin to flow. Doesn't it always?
Or are the Chinese smarter than everyone else?
It's Official: TBS' 'Ground Floor' Canceled
Tess Gerritsen Tries Again in 'Gravity' Lawsuit Against Warner Bros


text:
Q: Search trajectory point close to line There is a 2d mechanism:

Link AB can be rigidly tied to a point at a distance less than the radius of the circle R0 with center B to show the trajectories:

If 4 random points are rigidly tied to the AB link and the trajectories are constructed from 30 positions, then it can be seen that parts of some trajectories describe a close trajectory.

Question:
1) quality test.
How do you know that there is a point inside the circle R0 that can describe parts of a trajectory close to a straight line?
2) quantitative test.
How to find out where the point is located; the part of the trajectory of which is closest to the straight line in Fig. "perfect straight"?
This mechanism, for example, will be different. In fact, the mechanism can be viewed as a function that takes an angle from 0 to 2pi and returns two vectors A and B defining the position of the segment AB in 2d. The number of trajectory points is any, but preferably a minimum for calculation.
How to solve this problem in the forehead?
1) take for example 1000 points inside R0
2) we find 1000 trajectories from for example 30 points each
3) we are looking for a close to straight section on the
broken line (if there is one at all)
4) we consider the sum of the deviations of points from the line
5) find which of the 1000 trajectories there is a minimum of deviation
6) in the vicinity of the solution again for example 100 points in a smaller radius and again search ...
This is a lot of calculations, this analysis is part of the brutofors (brute force).
 It is necessary with a minimum of calculations to look for close to straight broken.

Edit: The essence of the task is as simple as possible.
I guess I painted the mechanism for nothing, maybe it only distracts and confuses.
Imagine a sheet of paper on a table with two points A and B and C rigidly attached to the sheet.

Set the sheet N positions through the coordinates A and B moving the sheet in the plane of the table.

How to find such a point C on a sheet, the part of the trajectory of which (if constructed, the red one in the figure) draws the trajectory closest to the straight (blue straight line).

Initially, the options for the position of C inside the sheet are infinite, taking random 1000 points is a lot of calculations. How is it even possible to find such a point C?
After all, this is one rigid body whose orientation is given, why should he count 1000 trajectories of points and look in them?
Or is the solution of the problem even approximately analytically impossible? At least the area where it seems that point C describes a part of its trajectory close to the line.
Can decompose N positions into two graphs, one shift of the body of the second bite?
Perhaps this is differential geometry or mathematical analysis ... I do not know. There are so many sections of mathematics, such complex tasks are solved here, and no one solves such a seemingly simple task ... Already 4 forums in mathematics have no solutions = (.


White wines made in this way, by contrast, are utterly different from conventional white wines. The Georgians call them "golden" rather than "orange", and they spend a full six months with skins and pips, as well as undergoing their entire fermentative cycle in contact with those materials and with the copious yeast deposits the cycle produces. The only external addition is, in most cases, a little sulfur after fermentation. The jars are then sealed and earth-covered for the ageing process. The result is a width, a tannic grip and a textural depth that no conventionally made white wine will ever have. The wines' aromas and flavours are singular too. Their acidity is muted, since they have all been through the acid-softening malolactic fermentation, while contact with the other matter in the jar, especially the yeast deposits, rounds the flavours further. In place of the fresh fruits that so many white wines suggest, these evoke dried fruits, mushrooms, straw, nuts and umami. They have less of an oxidative tang than their colours suggest; indeed, their articulation is often understated and quiet, though orchestral in its allusive range. They are meditative wines, sumptuous and subtle.


text:
The settlers of Salem, Mass. appointed Samuel Skelton as their pastor, by ballot. Their church covenant, afterward composed by Skelton, established Salem as the first non-separating congregational Puritan Church in New England.
Death of Johan Olof Wallin, Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden's best-known hymn writer of that era. Among his hymns are "We Worship You, O God of Might" and "Christians, While on Earth Abiding."
French president Louis Napoleon sends troops to retake Rome from Italian revolutionaries. Pope Pius IX, who had fled Rome in 1848, will return the following year.
Bishop Samuel Wilberforce and biologist Thomas Huxley engage in a famous exchange regarding evolution. Before the debate, Wilberforce was coached by biologist Richard Owen.
Joseph Parker (author of the commentary known as the People's Bible) holds his one thousandth Thursday noon service.
In Rome, the Catholic Pontifical Biblical Commission issued a decree interpreting the first 11 chapters of Genesis as history, not myth.
In Korea, the Far Eastern Broadcasting Co. began transmitting the Gospel from HLAZ, its first radio station in this country. FBEC is active today through radio missions outreach, and focuses its work among the islands of Eastern Asia and the Pacific.
Mrs. Martin Luther King, Sr., and a church deacon were slain by a crazed gunman in Atlanta's Ebenezer Baptist Church, where her son, the assassinated civil rights leader, once preached.
Martyrdom of Father Morks Khaliel Fanous, Christian Priest of Mar Boctor at the town of Mosha, Assiut, Egypt.
Luis Bush, a mission strategist who in 1989 had coined the term "10/40 Window," serves as senior consultant to GCOWE '97 (Global Consultation on World Evangelization) which is held in Pretoria, South Africa. The 10/40 Window refers to the region located between 10 degrees and 40 degrees north of the equator, a general area that has a high level of socioeconomic challenges and little access to the Christian gospel.


text:
Operacja Archery – rajd brytyjskich sił specjalnych przeciwko Niemcom stacjonującym na norweskiej wyspie Vågsøy. Został przeprowadzony podczas II wojny światowej, 27 grudnia 1941 roku siłami komandosów oraz norweskich członków SOE. W operacji brał udział brytyjski krążownik HMS "Kenya", cztery niszczyciele (HMS "Onslow", "Oribi", "Offa" i "Chiddingflod") oraz dwa okręty desantowe. Wzięli w niej udział komandosi z No. 3 Commando, dwa plutony No. 2 Commando, oddział medyczny z No. 4 Commando, oddział sabotażowy ze 101 plutonu No. 6 Commando i Norwegowie z Norwegian Independent Company 1. Cała akcja  była wspierana z powietrza przez samoloty RAF-u.

Cele
Na początku akcji siły komandosów w liczbie 570 ludzi podzielono na pięć części. Każda z nich otrzymała swoje zadanie:
 zabezpieczyć obszar na północ od miasta Måløy w południowej części Vågsøy i związać walką napotkane posiłki wroga,
 zabezpieczyć miasto Måløy
 wyeliminować wroga na mniejszej wyspie Moldøen,
 wyeliminować punkt oporu wroga w Holvik na zachód od Måløy,
 piąta grupa miała pozostawać na morzu jako rezerwa.

Głównym celem operacji było zniszczenie zakładów produkcji oleju rybnego i magazynów, które Niemcy wykorzystali do produkcji materiałów wybuchowych. Innym celem było spowodowanie, aby z obawy przed kolejnymi atakami Niemcy przerzucili do Norwegii większe siły, które mogły być wykorzystane na froncie wschodnim.

Rajd
Lądowanie o świcie było poprzedzone bardzo skutecznym bombardowaniem w wykonaniu artylerii okrętowej. Wszystkie cele zostały osiągnięte, z wyjątkiem Måløy. Niemiecki opór w mieście był o wiele silniejszy, niż się spodziewano, ponieważ Brytyjczycy nie wiedzieli o obecności tam oddziału strzelców alpejskich (niem. Gebirgsjäger), weteranów walk z frontu wschodniego. Doświadczenie obrońców w walkach ulicznych spowodowało, że zaplanowana na kilka godzin operacja przerodziła się w zaciekły bój na krótkim dystansie. Brytyjski dowódca, John Durnford-Slater, wezwał czekającą na morzu rezerwę. Wielu miejscowych Norwegów pomagało komandosom, pełniąc rolę tragarzy amunicji i granatów, a także zabierając rannych z pola walki.

Około godz. 14.00 komandosi rozpoczęli odwrót, niszcząc cztery fabryki, magazyny żywności, amunicji i paliw, centrale telefoniczne i inne instalacje wojskowe oraz pozostawiając większość miasta w płomieniach. Siły Royal Navy w postaci jednego krążownika i czterech niszczycieli zatopiły 10 niewielkich niemieckich statków, przy czym niektóre z nich zostały samozatopione przez ich załogi w celu uniemożliwienia przejęcia ich przez Brytyjczyków w drodze abordażu. Trudności techniczne uniemożliwiły niemieckiej artylerii nadbrzeżnej prowadzenie ognia z pełną skutecznością, przy czym jedno z trzech dział 130 mm trafiło w brytyjski krążownik.

Następstwa
Operacja zakończyła się alianckim sukcesem. Nie zatonął żaden okręt Royal Navy; marynarka straciła czterech zabitych i czterech rannych. Komandosi ponieśli straty w wysokości 17 zabitych i 53 rannych, a biorący udział w akcji dowódca norweskich sił zbrojnych na uchodźstwie, kapitan Martin Linge zginął w ataku na lokalną kwaterę dowodzenia Niemców. Osiem samolotów RAF-u zostało zestrzelonych, ponadto podczas nalotu zginął norweski cywil, prawdopodobnie od odłamków brytyjskiej bomby. Komandosi pozostawili na miejscu ciała co najmniej 120 Niemców i wrócili z 98 jeńcami.

W połączeniu z dokonanym dwa dni wcześniej przez brytyjskich komandosów rajdem na Lofoty, Operacja Archery wystarczyła, aby przekonać Adolfa Hitlera, że Brytyjczycy chcą dokonać inwazji na północną Norwegię, aby wywrzeć presję na neutralną Szwecję i Finlandię. By zapobiec temu fikcyjnemu zagrożeniu, skierował on 30 tys. żołnierzy z frontu wschodniego do Norwegii oraz nakazał wzmocnienie obrony przybrzeżnej i śródlądowej.

Galeria

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

A
Operacje brytyjskich sił specjalnych podczas II wojny światowej
Special Operations Executive
Działania zbrojne w 1941
Historia Norwegii 1940–1945


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