Are Prescription Drugs The New Gateway Drug?
By now Americans are well aware of the prescription drug epidemic taking a toll on lives across the country. Not only are prescription drugs the most widely abused substance, studies are now showing that they are also a gateway drug. This means prescription drug abusers are more likely to begin using heroin or other street drugs. Read on for more on the current epidemic, how it ties in with the rise in heroin use, and statistics on prescription drug abuse.
There's no doubt that prescription drug use is a much bigger problem than heroin use, but many heroin users say they began to abuse prescription drugs before anything else. The rate of overdoses has continued to rise. Since 2006, there has been a 20% increase in deaths related to overdoses of painkillers. The media continues to focus on the problem as well, with the overdose deaths of well known actors like Philip Seymour Hoffman and Cory Monteith reminding fans that the dangers of abusing prescription drugs are very real.
In relation to heroin, prescription drug use is far more widespread and responsible for more deaths. In 2010 there were about 16,000 deaths caused by prescription drugs and only 3,000 deaths associated with heroin use. Heroin is dangerous in all forms but can be particularly potent when cut with other drugs. A painkiller called fentanyl is often mixed with heroin to create a stronger high.
There are many heroin users today who say they got their start by abusing prescription drugs. The progression makes sense because many prescription painkillers are opioids that have a similar effect that heroin does. Both the brain and body respond to painkillers as they do to heroin and it's very easy for a physical addiction to develop. Overdose symptoms with both types of drugs are similar as well. An overdose victim can fall into a coma, have reduced heartbeat and slowed breathing, and eventually succumb to death.
Even though prescription drug abusers far outnumber heroin users, the rate of heroin abuse has risen in the last decade or so, especially among young adults. In 2002 about 122,000 young adults used heroin, and in 2012 that number had risen to 272,000. Heroin is actually cheaper to buy in most parts of the U.S. than prescription drugs and the number of young people abusing the drug continues to rise. These numbers are what have government health officials concerned. They are now pressuring state authorities to make sure all paramedics and police are equipped with a drug called naloxone. The drug can help reverse coma, slowed breathing, and other effects of an opioid overdose.
Officials are hoping more widespread availability of naloxone will cut down the number of heroin overdose deaths and along with Good Samaritan laws that protect the identities of people who call 911, encourage more people to reach out for help when an overdose begins to occur. Because it's police, not paramedics, who are usually the first to arrive at the scene of an overdose, government health officials are especially encouraging law enforcement agencies to equip and train their officers with naloxone.
Health officials are also calling for an increase in the availability of substance abuse treatment across the country for both prescription drugs and heroin. One big step toward making this kind of treatment more widely available is the Affordable Care Act, which requires insurance companies to cover substance abuse treatment.


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Women's Empowerment Panel
On Wednesday March 14th, Immaculate Conception High School welcomed six distinguished women for their first Women's Empowerment Panel.
Hosted by the Rho Kappa National Honor Society, the panelists were accomplished women from different professions, backgrounds, and careers including Kelly Blanchfield '05 (Federal Bureau of Investigation), Maria Daidone (General Manager, The Estate at Florentine Gardens), Jill Garripoli, DO (Pediatrics), Unjeria C. Jackson, MD (Obstetrics/Gynecology/Maternal Fetal Medicine), Lisa Marie Latino (Executive Producer, Long Shot Productions/HIP NJ/Author), and Melissa McCarthy (RFX Circle Achiever, Rodan & Fields)
"Here at ICHS, we encourage our girls to be confident and believe that they can be anything they dream to be and MORE. The panelists were so inspiring and offered so much information and advice that the girls will take with them for years to come and beyond." shared Nicole Mineo, Director of Enrollment.
With over 100 guests in attendance, moderator Maria Elisa Escobar '18, Rho Kappa president, delivered questions to the panelists and welcomed questions from the audience as well. The group participated in many lively discussions on topics such as equality in the workforce, believing in your dreams, misconceptions about successful women, and so much more.
"We've heard positive feedback from the students, parents, faculty, and guests, and it wouldn't be possible without all of the amazing women that were part of our panel. What an inspirational night to encourage our young women." added Renee Hyle Gitto '91, Director of Advancement
The messages of encouragement and advice were shared by all participants and a few samples are below, as they were just too good not to share with a larger audience.
"Hold the vision trust the process."
Jill Garripoli, DO
"Women need mentors and advisors and people who believe in you – a good network of support"
Unjeria C. Jackson, MD
"I took a different path than most and on my terms and my rules and learned that through internships, hard work and believing in myself."
Lisa Marie Latino
I work longer hours than most to learn every facet of my business to prove myself as a woman in a very male dominated world. I'm not going to let anyone stop me – I just keep moving forward."
Maria Daidone
"I work harder to prove myself in a very male dominated field, but I welcome the challenge and rise to be my best!"
Kelly Blanchfield '05
"My company was started by women is led by women and now women are deciding their own business on their own terms. Powerful women are amazing and very intimidating; do not be afraid of that power."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Doyle hadn't replied, and Summers, gut mounding to the height of his nose as he sprawled in the visitor's chair, wasn't here to harry the old man. Doyle edged round the corner of the desk. When the fan completed a full oscillation to the right, and came back centering itself, he hit the switch. The desk belonged to Mr. Drybrook. Doyle only sat nights in this shed that served as Drybook's private office.
"I might have mentioned to you, Mr. Summers, that I have been here more than forty years. When I began, we worked six days a week, Sundays off. And times the mill was closed…that was January to March…off altogether. Think of that, no brass in your pocket unless you'd saved it! I came to America on Mr. Drybrook's guarantee of my employment. And you know, do you, Old Drybrook was brother to the one they tell the story about? It was in '96 Lettie died. A terrible thing that was…and not so old and forgotten as all that seems to the young. But, there, if she'd been restless, she might have walked long since. Now…what have I seen? Mr. Summers, it would take a deal of costumery and a dark night, and me the worse for drink, if I were to be fooled so, by a prankster.
Powell felt that, in some way, he had himself been fogged. He turned, and from this vantage saw what was left of the mill. The intact walls were only a few feet high; rooms once beneath the main floor, contours now exposed, bulldozed full of rubble. Leveled off for safety's sake, he supposed. Littering every square foot was glass—myriad glints of it, twinkling under the bright sky. He hadn't at ground level had the perspective to see the ruin's scope. The mill must have been illuminated once by skylights, by hundreds of windowpanes high above the workfloor. And these had not been shattered, but fragmented. He'd imagined some accident long ago, in the last century.


Don't let the "Flint story" drop out of view, UM – Flint Chancellor Susan Borrego and local residents implored a panel of national environmental journalists meeting in Flint last weekend.
What's at stake is not abandoning a city whose struggles are of national significance, Borrego said.
"Flint was important in the history of this country," she said. "It should be equally important in its present and future.
Fourteen board members from the Society of Environmental Journalists were in town to investigate possibilities for holding their 2018 conference in Flint. As part of their visit, they sponsored a public "listening session" to learn more about the water crisis and Flint in general.
Speakers in addition to Borrego were ACLU investigative reporter Curt Guyette, Flint Democracy Defense League activist Nayyirah Shariff, and Henry Henderson, Midwest director of the Natural Resources Defense Council. Several local residents also made remarks.
Reflecting on what she called the "parallel narratives" of the city's difficulties, Borrego urged the journalists to acknowledge Flint's stories as complex and many-dimensional in their reporting.
As an example, she noted her concerns about media coverage of Flint during the March 6 CCN/Democratic Party primary debate co-sponsored by UM – Flint.
Many experts and advocates for the Flint River contend that it was the lack of corrosion control that led to Flint's lead-in-the-water crisis, not the river itself, which according to many accounts is now one of the state's cleanest.
Borrego, who arrived as UM – Flint's eighth chancellor in August, 2014, acknowledged that leading the downtown campus and facing outside attention to the city in the midst of the water crisis has been a challenge.
"On one hand, it's a tough hazing – it's a tough club to be in. We're not the worst, and we're not the only, but we are where people tried to cover up the story. There are a lot of things to learn from being in this community.
"The reality is, I can't close the institution and go open up someplace else, nor would I. At its core, as a state college or university our goal is to provide access to high quality degrees and to enhance the life of the region.
"So to be a participant in everything that was going on was really critical for us," she said.
Local resident Robert Thomas, a Flint native and East Village Magazine writer who has resettled in Flint after many years in San Francisco, added his plea for "real journalism" around the Flint water crisis.
"The story has got to be hammered and hammered and hammered, for all the reasons you people know," Thomas said. "We've seen them come in and drift away, and we want none of that here.
"I have no confidence in this state or in the federal government," Thomas added to applause and cheers. "What I have confidence in is journalism — real journalism — where the truth gets lit up.
"If you guys don't keep putting the heat on, we are cooked," he said.


The Dalwhinnie distillery lies on an altitude of 600 meter in the heart of the Scottisch Highlands. The location in a stunning and 'dram'atic environment made journalist Andrew Jefford exclaim that the only pollution risc at Dalwhinnie was the one by heath pollen. The name itself also implies a history of whisky trading as Dailchuinnidh (roughly pronounced 'Dalwhinnie') means 'the plain of meetings'; the area was the junction of three cattle droving roads.
The taste : oily, going with your fingers in a jar of honey, and licking them off. Sweet vanilla, sucking a caramel bar. Fruity and honey again all over the place. Some pepper in the aftertaste.
Very sweet, and quite straightforward for a Highlander. Gentle and easy to drink. Too much like candy though for my taste.


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Students who missed out on graduation ceremonies told not to post degree selfies
University students who have missed out on face-to-face graduation ceremonies due to Covid-19 could be more vulnerable to degree fraud. Graduates are being warned of the dangers of posting selfies with their degree certificates on social media as it can give counterfeiters access to the latest logos, signatories and wording. Students have been denied their... Read More
ceremonies, degree, graduates, graduation, selfies, students, University
Meghan Markle virtually returned to her alma mater, Immaculate Heart of Mary High School in Los Angeles, for a surprise graduation speech. The six-minute address by the Duchess of Sussex focused on the current moment in the country amid protests against racial injustice following the death of George Floyd on 25th May. She said the... Read More
Celebrity Catholics, News – World
Archie, catholic, Catholic high school, death, Ducess of Sussex, Duke of Sussex, Floyd, George Floyd, graduates, graduation, graduation speech, high school, Hollywood, Hollywood sign, Immaculate Heart of Mary, Immaculate Heart of Mary High School, landmark, Los Angeles, Markle, Meghan, Meghan Markle, nation, Prince Harry, protests, rebuild, royal, Royal Family, school, speech
Shut door on essay mills, Leeds Trinity tells Government
The Vice-Chancellor at Leeds Trinity University is calling on the Government to shut down so-called 'essay mills'. As many as one in seven recent graduates may have cheated by using 'essay mills' during the last four years, according to a recent study. Students who get caught face punishment by their university, including possible disqualification, although... Read More
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Духовщинско-Демидовская операция (14 сентября — 2 октября 1943 года) — наступательная операция войск Калининского фронта в Великой Отечественной войне, проведённая 14 сентября — 2 октября, часть Смоленской операции 1943 года.

Положение сил
Войска Калининского фронта под командованием генерала армии А. И. Ерёменко, участвуя в Смоленской наступательной операции, в августе — начале сентября вклинились в оборону противника на духовщинском направлении на 6—7 км, но из-за недостатка сил не смогли развить успех. Противник, силами 6-й танковой армии ( 6-й армейский корпус вермахта) при поддержке авиации 6-го воздушного флота имел здесь хорошо оборудованную многополосную оборону, преодоление которой ещё более осложнялось лесисто-болотистым характером местности. 7 сентября с разрешения Ставки наступательные действия фронта были временно прекращены, и его войска приступили к подготовке Духовщинско-Демидовской операции.

Планирование операции

Замысел операции
Замыслом операции предусматривалось: войска Калининского фронта наносили удар своим левым крылом в общем направлении на Духовщину с целью разгромить духовщинско-демидовскую группировку противника (до 6 дивизий) и в дальнейшем, взаимодействуя с правофланговыми армиями Западного фронта, развивать наступление на Рудню, Витебск.

Для проведения операции привлекались 39-я армия генерал-лейтенанта Берзарина Н. Э. и часть сил 43-й армии генерал-лейтенанта Голубева К. Д. (всего 12 стрелковых дивизий), в резерве 5-й гвардейский стрелковый корпус, а также 3-я воздушная армия (генерал-лейтенант авиации Папивин Н. Ф.). Главный удар наносила 39-я армия. Плотность на участке прорыва (9 км) составляла: орудий и миномётов — 128, танков — 24 на 1 км фронта.

Проведение операции
С утра 14 сентября войска 39-й армии и левого фланга 43-й армии перешли в наступление и, прорвав на нескольких участках первую оборонительную полосу противника, к исходу дня продвинулись на глубину 3—13 км; ширина фронта прорыва достигла 30 км. В результате 4-дневных боёв оборона немецких войск была полностью прорвана. В ночь на 19 сентября 39-я армия при поддержке Авиации дальнего действия овладела важным узлом обороны врага на путях к Смоленску — г. Духовщина. При разгроме врага в Духовщине большую роль сыграла созданная в 39-й армии армейская группа артиллерии разрушения в составе 103-й гаубичной артиллерийской бригады большой мощности. В честь освобождения города в Москве был дан салют 12 артиллерийскими залпами из 124 орудий.

20 сентября 1943 войсками Калининского фронта в ходе Духовщинско-Демидовской операции силами 4-й ударной армии был освобождён г. Велиж.

Войска 43-й армии 21 сентября освободили г. Демидов. Духовщинско-демидовская группировка противника была разгромлена, а его войска, находившиеся в районе Смоленска, глубоко охвачены с севера. Потеряв Демидов, противник начал отходить перед левым крылом фронта. Успешно продвигаясь, советские войска к 24 сентября вышли на рубеж 15 км юго-западнее Велиж, река Каспля, Демидов, 10 км севернее Смоленска. С потерей своих ключевых позиций немецкое командование стало отводить войска на запад. Развивая успех, соединения 39-й армии 29 сентября овладели сильным опорным пунктом и узлом коммуникаций противника на витебском направлении — г. Рудня.

К 2 октября войска левого крыла фронта вышли на рубеж западнее Понизовье, Рудня, но здесь, встретив организованную оборону немецких войск, были остановлены.

Результаты операции
Разгром духовщинско-демидовской группировки противника сыграл важную роль в успешном завершении Смоленской операции 1943, а выход войск Калининского фронта на подступы к Витебску создавал благоприятные условия для последующего наступления на витебском направлении и охвата с севера немецкой группировки, действовавшей в Белоруссии. Войска Калининского фронта, несмотря на ограниченность в танках непосредственной поддержки пехоты и в самолётах, сумели прорвать заблаговременно подготовленную мощную оборону противника в сложных условиях лесисто-болотистой местности.

За боевые отличия в Духовщинско-Демидовской операции соединениям и частям Калининского фронта были присвоены почётные наименования: Духовщинских — 8, Демидовских — 7, Холмских — 7. 19-я гвардейская стрелковая дивизия за овладение г. Рудня удостоена почётного наименования «Рудненской», а 17-я гвардейская стрелковая Духовщинская дивизия и 47-я механизированная Духовщинская бригада были награждены орденом Красного Знамени. Ряд других соединений и частей награждены орденами.

Примечания

Литература

 Истомин В. П., Смоленская наступательная операция 1943 г., М., 1975;
 На смоленском направлении (Выдержки из… сводок Совинформбюро…), Смоленск, 1973.

Ссылки
 Духовщинско-Демидовская операция 1943 г.
 ДУХОВЩИНСКО-ДЕМИДОВСКАЯ ОПЕРАЦИЯ 1943

Сражения по алфавиту
Смоленская операция (1943)
Операции в Великой Отечественной войне
Сражения Германии
1943
14
1943
02
Конфликты 1943 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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June 29 th 2011 2 Comments
Canada Post: Back to Work – It's the Law
by Gabriel Granatstein
More posts by Gabriel »
Following a rotating strike and a lockout, the Act to provide for the resumption and continuation of postal services (the "Act") officially entered into force on Monday night. The Act ends the dispute between Canada Post and its 48,000 employees and imposes "final offer selection arbitration". Everybody should have gotten some mail yesterday.
The law imposes specific salary increases for the years 2011 to 2014. Unlike all other provisions of the agreement, the parties cannot chose to agree to different salary levels and the arbitrator is bound to include them in the final collective agreement. It is interesting to mention that the increases are slightly lower than the initial offer proposed by the employer at the beginning of negotiations. Indeed, according to the Government, they reflect the wage levels set out in the last collective agreement negotiated with civil servants.
In the coming days, the Minister of Labour will appoint an arbitrator to settle disputes and impose a collective agreement. The parties will be required to submit to the arbitrator a list of issues on which they agreed and a list of issues on which they did not reached an agreement. In addition, each party must submit a final offer of settlement. The arbitrator must choose between, in its entirety, one of the two propositions submitted. However, at any time before the arbitrator renders his decision, the parties may choose to negotiate a new negotiated collective agreement on their own (within the confines laid out by the Act).
The labour dispute and this legislation have been the cause of much dispute, both in Parliament and in the media. What do you think? Was it enacted too soon? Too late? Right on time? Is the Act fair?
« Previous: Lawyers and the Media Next: Back to the Future – Western's Bold Leap »
David Collier-Brown
I wonder if Parliament should legislate particular cases at all?
There certainly were acts in the distant past that only applied to particular companies or individuals, notably ones incorporating companies or granting divorces, but this is far from the norm in the present day.
Does or should Parliament consider itself bound to legislating for the whole country, or does it consider that it should be able to pass "bills of pains and penalties" in the current day? [Ok, I admit thats a bit tongue-in-cheek]
In addition, should the government put forward laws that extinguish the rights of its own employees, in response to a conflict between its managers and its employees? That seems something of a conflict of interest!
From a public policy standpoint, I'd be a lot happier with a law that says that all postal services are now essential services, and must be operated under the preexisting laws and regulations governing such services.
C Davidson
June 29th, 2011 at 2:52 pm
This law is a travesty, and it is gratifying to hear CUPW will challenge it in court. The message needs to be hammered home that labour rights are fundamental human rights. Workers have an inalienable right to collectively bargain their terms of employment. The provisions legislating wages should be struck down fairly easily, and, hopefully, the courts will also rule against the biased arbitration provisions.


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COACH (1978) 4017
Crown International Original U.S. One-Sheet Poster (27x41) Folded Very Fine Condition
Crown International Original U.S. One-Sheet Poster (27x41) for the Bud Townsend directed comedy COACH (1978). It's important in sports, as in life, to always be sure that you are playing for the right team. The film stars Cathy Lee Crosby, Michael Biehn, and Keenan Wynn. It's all about teen life on the basketball court. And, no, Cathy Lee Crosby is not related to Bing. But she has had a good career in TV, mostly, and played Wonder Woman in a made-for-TV movie. MovieArt Austin guarantees that this poster is authentic. MovieArt Austin does not sell reproductions.
BUD TOWNSEND - Director
Cathy Lee Crosby - Actor
Michael Biehn - Actor
Keenan Wynn - Actor
SLAVERS (1978) 26803
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FRUIT IS RIPE, THE (1978) 11558
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DECLARATION OF LOVE, A (1978) 22347
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AMOROUS ADVENTURES OF MOLL FLANDERS, THE (1965) 4141
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CATASTROPHE (1977) 4021
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INTERNATIONAL VELVET (1978) 4016
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WAR GAMES (1983) 29336
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WITHOUT A TRACE (1983) 2788
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LIGHTS OUT (2016) 26375
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NIGHT OF THE LIVING DEAD (1968) 7146
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Home News Auckland hit by largest mumps outbreak in 23 years
Auckland hit by largest mumps outbreak in 23 years
Auckland's in the middle of the largest mumps outbreak for 23 years.
By: Jordan Bond
Dr Josephine Herman says NZ has a vulnerable population who have not been fully immunised. Photo / 123RF
Auckland's in the middle of the largest mumps outbreak for 23 years.
The city's Public Health Service has been notified of 740 cases this year.
Medical officer of health Josephine Herman said this is the worst outbreak since 1994.
"This is quite a large outbreak and something that we are very concerned about and trying our best to implement public health measures to contain it."
She said Auckland was essentially free of the viral disease even late last year, but the outbreak began after being picked up overseas. Herman said it particularly came from the Pacific Islands – mostly Fiji, and later Tonga – where the mumps vaccine was not available.
She said there have also been "massive" outbreaks in the US and the UK, which has spread easily through universities, she said.
"In terms of where the mumps infection is occurring, it's actually all throughout the world. New Zealand has been immune to it until late last year and early this year. Because we've had a vulnerable population here who have not been fully immunised with the MMR vaccine, it's allowed community spread to be well established.
"We are importing mumps, as well as probably exporting it as well."
The illness is back in the headlines after it was announced Reiko Ioane might miss the next All Blacks game due to a case of mumps.
Two All Blacks – Rieko Ioane and Jack Goodhue – picked up mumps in Auckland. Goodhue had symptoms before leaving and stayed behind, but Ioane – who didn't have any – travelled to London before being isolated and missing Sunday morning's game against the Barbarians. Ioane might also miss this weekend's game against France in Paris.
All Blacks coach Steven Hansen is confident the disease didn't spread to any more of the squad.
Herman said it was not possible to know if the rates of the disease have peaked.
Mumps is a viral infection passed in a similar way to colds, and symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, and most notably swelling of the salivary gland.
Herman said the solution is to get the MMR vaccine, cover coughs, and wash hands. But she said if people have not received the MMR vaccine, to do so immediately.
Herman says for most adults, it's a mild illness. However, a small proportion can develop complications including meningitis or encephalitis. Young children are more at risk of developing harmful outcomes.
Source: Newstalk ZB & NZ Herald
immunised
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MoH urges those travelling into New Zealand to ensure they have...
Health Central - February 28, 2019
Measles is back in New Zealand and travellers coming into the country are urged to make sure they have been immunised against the disease.


Pens, stables, and enclosures may not be erected within 20 feet of an adjoining property line. For additional information, contact the Planning Division.
Large animals such as horses or cows for the private use of the property owner, may be kept within the city on property of sufficient square footage for the number of large animals. There is a 20,000 square foot lot size minimum. Check with the Planning Division to find out the size of a particular property. To report a violation, use our online Submit a Concern.
Citrus Heights Municipal Code 8-93 states if a household has 5 or more dogs it is considered a kennel. It also states if a household has 5 or more cats it is a considered a cattery.
Citrus Heights Municipal Code 8-90 states all dogs and cats over 4 months of age shall be licensed. CHMC 8-91 and CHMC 8-92 describe requirements for licensing.
Contact Citrus Heights Animal Services for more information at 916-725-7387 or by visiting their webpage or use Submit A Concern.
All dogs are required to be leashed when they are not confined to their own property (Citrus Heights Municipal Code 8-46).
Unsanitary conditions due to animal feces should be reported. Use the online Service Request Form.


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DIY Land Rover Repairs
Who Are Foreman & Wilms?
Foreman & Wilms Adventures
Fun and informative adventure travel films featuring Australia and America
The Canning Stock Route
A bushfire burns behind Well 23 on the Canning Stock Route ©Summer Wilms 2012
The Canning Stock Route is an 1850 km-long track that stretches ambitiously across the vast and unforgiving Outback of Western Australia from the tiny Aboriginal community of Wiluna to the equally dinky locality of Hall's Creek. It spans four deserts: the Tanami, the Little Sandy, the Great Sandy, and the Gibson. Today it is an epic four-wheel-drive track, the longest in the world, according to most sources, and often touted as toughest in Australia. (Some have called it the toughest on Earth, but after surviving the "roads" in places like Cameroon and Angola, we'd beg to differ!) It is easily one of our favorite adventures to date and we highly recommend it to anyone out there looking for one hell of a drive!
Night-time at Well 33
©Summer Wilms 2012
Thorny Devils are just one of many animals travelers may encounter along the Canning Stock Route. ©Summer Wilms 2012
HOW WE DID IT:
Our campsites along the track typically looked like this. ©Summer Wilms 2012
As the track transects Aboriginal land as well as protected spaces, permits are required. In addition, anything more than 2 kilometers from the track on either side is completely off limits.
Permits can be obtained here: http://permits.canningstockroute.net.au/
Do your research and have a plan. Two and a half weeks is about average travel time but giving yourself some spare days to account for mechanical difficulties or weather is a good idea. Figuring out your food requirements and amount of other necessities (i.e. toilet paper, water, soaps, medications, etc…) could take some prior observations and calculations.
Don't take off without adequate maps and guides. In addition to the PDF below, we found that our Garmin Nüvi with the Oz Toppo Map-pack was essential, as were our copy of the Australian Geographic guide to the Canning Stock Route, and Gregory's 4WD Escapes atlas. There are various tracks that intersect the Canning and it isn't difficult to find yourself off-track.
Want to do the track but aren't 100% confident in your ablility to tackle challenge on your own? There are multiple tour companies that can guide you both in preparation and on the track itself.
As "Buggy Man" demonstrates in the film, it is wisest to travel via convoy. At the very least, make sure you have a UHF radio turned on to communicate with other drivers.
The Canning Stock Route is not without risk and should not be undertaken lightly. ©Summer Wilms 2012
Water: While there are 52 wells along the Route, many are bone dry, collapsed, or contain tainted water, as you can see in the film. Bring plenty of water and water storage and top up at every opportunity.
Make sure you are well stocked for fuel. There are only two possible points where you can get petrol or diesel, and they are located quite close to one another, so it is really more a case of one filling point, just either one or the other. You can fuel up without pre-arrangements at the Aboriginal community of Kunawarritji, near well 33. The petrol is painfully expensive but, hey, beggars can't be choosers! The other option is a fuel drop from the Capricorn Roadhouse at well 23. From what I have heard, they only deliver diesel, which is left in 200 liter barrels and must be arranged well in advance (up to 2 months). We fueled up at Kunawarritji, where there is also a small market that sells foodstuffs (plenty of frozen and canned goods), a small collection of supplies, and souvenir stubby holders!
Watch the film and see why it is a good idea to have several spare tires!
This part of the world gets hotter than Hades! At times, it can also get quite wet and boggy and even near freezing. The Route has some really challenging sections even at the best of times, so finding the climatic sweet-spot can play a big role in how enjoyable your expedition is. May through September is generally regarded as the best time to travel the track. Outside of those months, it is not recommended to attempt the track.
The Australian National 4-wheel-drive council and the Kuju Wangka, the traditional owners of the Canning Stock Route have put out an excellent publication overflowing with information. You can download the PDF here:
http://www.anfwdc.asn.au/permit/csr_apr2013.pdf
The Route was not always a recreational bucket-list item, though. It was in 1906 that surveyor Alfred Canning was given charge of a project that would establish a route by which to drive cattle from the Kimberley region of WA to Perth. and when I say drive, I don't mean shuffling the animals into the back of a semi. I mean herding the poor beasts with horses and camels and cowboys, or as the Australians call them: drovers. The cattle trade in these parts had been plagued by a cattle tick with the fancy name of Boophilis micropus. A ban had been placed restricting transportation of the parasite-infested cattle and the livelihood of countless ranchers and workers was at stake. Things were kinda desperate.
Someone came up with the theory that driving cattle through the hot and dry wasteland would kill off the ticks. I'm guessing more than just the ticks, as this is a harsh country. In fact, just ten years before, David Carnegie, who was asked to undertake a similar project concluded after his exploration that: "At least we have demonstrated the uselessness of any person wasting their time and money on further investigations of that desolate region."
In that light, I don't know who Mr. Canning pissed off to get the job of a subsequent attempt.
But he did, and in May of 1906 he set off from what is now the southern terminus with seven men, 23 camels, two ponies, 1,440 liters of water, 2.5 tons of provisions, for a six month expedition. They made it, then returned in 1908 to sink 51 wells to hydrate both stock and stockmen along what was then known as the Wiluna-Kimberley stock route.
The first mob of cattle traveled the route south in 1919. Between then and 1959 a total of 30 to 35 droves were undertaken. Vehicles first attempted the track in 1925, unsuccessfully. Even the Australian army tried it in 1945. They made it as far as well 12 (out of 51). It wasn't until the late 1960's that someone actually did complete the track in a vehicle.
It is remote, potentially dangerous, and not something undertaken lightly.
Shoalwater Bay →
One thought on "The Canning Stock Route"
Graeme promnitz on March 23, 2015 at 1:22 am said:
Finished the holland track then watched this, and it's even better!! You guys will be popular in no time. Keep the videos coming. Good luck.


I edit, proofread, and write. All are fun, though I've found that writing is my thing. It's something I've always loved, but never focused on. Well, it's time to change that!
I'm figuring out how to be an artist, since that's what writing is. I'm a creative person and always have been. Lots of that creativity has resided in my mind, though... story ideas, bits of conversation, plots, remembered dreams.
As I start to get some of those pieces on paper, it turns out that more appear, sometimes faster than I'm ready for. I like it. I like getting back out of bed at 11pm because I just thought of something and I don't want to lose it. I like getting up early before everyone else, making coffee, and sitting down to sift through some journal prompts.
On top of it all, I'm finding more time to read, and branching out into more genres. Reading is my first love and always will be. It's been hard to work that time in over the last few years with a young daughter, but now that she's a reader herself, the whole house is finding more time to read. And you can't beat that!


This past week was filled with small and big celebrations. The small was Zane turning 5 months.
And who could possibly resist that giant, toothless grin?
He's all about grabbing his feet these days. Don't you love that? I think it's just the cutest!
We are trying to decide what his hair color is going to be. Blonde, strawberry-blonde, turn dark later? Not sure, but those eyes are definitely blue and look to be staying that way! Yay!
He weighs a healthy 17 lb 11 oz now. Not our biggest or our smallest, but perfectly sized to snuggle, that's for sure!
We love this happy, easy-going boy!
And just for fun, here's how most of the photo shoots end! "Take my picture too!!" Haha!
Our bigger celebrations this week were for two birthdays.
Josiah turned 4! He loves all things Batman and has an amazing imagination. He loves wrestling with his brothers and playing with his sisters (except when Anna doesn't cooperate. Did I mention she's independent and spunky?). He's a cutie, and will talk anybody's ear off!
The day after Josiah's birthday was Seth's 15th birthday. I can't believe how grown up Seth has become. He is hard-working, strong and reliable with a quick wit and an easy-going temperament. He plays multiple sports and loves animals and his siblings. He's a great guy and we love him so.
I am thanking God this week for the privilege of mothering these three boys as we celebrate them. All three at different stages of life, but tied together forever as brothers.


text:
A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Cecella Hutto, Wade P. Parks, Shenghan Lai, Mary T. Mastrucci, Charles D Mitchell, Jose Munoz, Edward Trapido, I. M. Master, Gwendolyn B Scott
Most infants with pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are infected perinatally by their mothers. To determine the proportion of exposed infants who are infected, we conducted a hospital-based prospective study in HIV-1-infected women whose infants were delivered at a single metropolitan hospital in Miami, Fla. A population of uninfected women and their infants was also enrolled and followed longitudinally for 2 years to assess laboratory and clinical measurements. The median follow-up is now 18 months for 82 infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The proportion of infected infants in this group is 0.30 (25/82). None of the infants born to 110 HIV-1-seronegative mothers were seropositive. Infected infants were easily distinguished from noninfected infants by virus isolation. No single immunologic or hematologic measure was predictive of infection for all infants at risk for HIV-1 infection who were 6 months of age or younger. As a group, however, infected infants could be distinguished from uninfected index infants by a number of immunologic measures by 6 months of age; the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio were the variables most predictive of infection. As in retrospective studies, clinical disease developed in 80% of infected infants within the first 24 months of life. This study provides documentation of HIV-1 perinatal transmission risk and early correlates of infection in young infants from a single hospital.
The Journal of pediatrics
CD4-CD8 Ratio
Urban Hospitals
Lymphocyte Count
Hutto, C., Parks, W. P., Lai, S., Mastrucci, M. T., Mitchell, C. D., Munoz, J., ... Scott, G. B. (1991). A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal of pediatrics, 118(3), 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82145-6
A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. / Hutto, Cecella; Parks, Wade P.; Lai, Shenghan; Mastrucci, Mary T.; Mitchell, Charles D; Munoz, Jose; Trapido, Edward; Master, I. M.; Scott, Gwendolyn B.
In: The Journal of pediatrics, Vol. 118, No. 3, 01.01.1991, p. 347-353.
Hutto, C, Parks, WP, Lai, S, Mastrucci, MT, Mitchell, CD, Munoz, J, Trapido, E, Master, IM & Scott, GB 1991, 'A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1', The Journal of pediatrics, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82145-6
Hutto C, Parks WP, Lai S, Mastrucci MT, Mitchell CD, Munoz J et al. A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal of pediatrics. 1991 Jan 1;118(3):347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(05)82145-6
Hutto, Cecella ; Parks, Wade P. ; Lai, Shenghan ; Mastrucci, Mary T. ; Mitchell, Charles D ; Munoz, Jose ; Trapido, Edward ; Master, I. M. ; Scott, Gwendolyn B. / A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. In: The Journal of pediatrics. 1991 ; Vol. 118, No. 3. pp. 347-353.
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title = "A hospital-based prospective study of perinatal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1",
abstract = "Most infants with pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are infected perinatally by their mothers. To determine the proportion of exposed infants who are infected, we conducted a hospital-based prospective study in HIV-1-infected women whose infants were delivered at a single metropolitan hospital in Miami, Fla. A population of uninfected women and their infants was also enrolled and followed longitudinally for 2 years to assess laboratory and clinical measurements. The median follow-up is now 18 months for 82 infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The proportion of infected infants in this group is 0.30 (25/82). None of the infants born to 110 HIV-1-seronegative mothers were seropositive. Infected infants were easily distinguished from noninfected infants by virus isolation. No single immunologic or hematologic measure was predictive of infection for all infants at risk for HIV-1 infection who were 6 months of age or younger. As a group, however, infected infants could be distinguished from uninfected index infants by a number of immunologic measures by 6 months of age; the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio were the variables most predictive of infection. As in retrospective studies, clinical disease developed in 80{\%} of infected infants within the first 24 months of life. This study provides documentation of HIV-1 perinatal transmission risk and early correlates of infection in young infants from a single hospital.",
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AU - Hutto, Cecella
AU - Parks, Wade P.
AU - Lai, Shenghan
AU - Mastrucci, Mary T.
AU - Mitchell, Charles D
AU - Munoz, Jose
AU - Trapido, Edward
AU - Master, I. M.
AU - Scott, Gwendolyn B
N2 - Most infants with pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are infected perinatally by their mothers. To determine the proportion of exposed infants who are infected, we conducted a hospital-based prospective study in HIV-1-infected women whose infants were delivered at a single metropolitan hospital in Miami, Fla. A population of uninfected women and their infants was also enrolled and followed longitudinally for 2 years to assess laboratory and clinical measurements. The median follow-up is now 18 months for 82 infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The proportion of infected infants in this group is 0.30 (25/82). None of the infants born to 110 HIV-1-seronegative mothers were seropositive. Infected infants were easily distinguished from noninfected infants by virus isolation. No single immunologic or hematologic measure was predictive of infection for all infants at risk for HIV-1 infection who were 6 months of age or younger. As a group, however, infected infants could be distinguished from uninfected index infants by a number of immunologic measures by 6 months of age; the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio were the variables most predictive of infection. As in retrospective studies, clinical disease developed in 80% of infected infants within the first 24 months of life. This study provides documentation of HIV-1 perinatal transmission risk and early correlates of infection in young infants from a single hospital.
AB - Most infants with pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are infected perinatally by their mothers. To determine the proportion of exposed infants who are infected, we conducted a hospital-based prospective study in HIV-1-infected women whose infants were delivered at a single metropolitan hospital in Miami, Fla. A population of uninfected women and their infants was also enrolled and followed longitudinally for 2 years to assess laboratory and clinical measurements. The median follow-up is now 18 months for 82 infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The proportion of infected infants in this group is 0.30 (25/82). None of the infants born to 110 HIV-1-seronegative mothers were seropositive. Infected infants were easily distinguished from noninfected infants by virus isolation. No single immunologic or hematologic measure was predictive of infection for all infants at risk for HIV-1 infection who were 6 months of age or younger. As a group, however, infected infants could be distinguished from uninfected index infants by a number of immunologic measures by 6 months of age; the absolute number of CD4+ lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio were the variables most predictive of infection. As in retrospective studies, clinical disease developed in 80% of infected infants within the first 24 months of life. This study provides documentation of HIV-1 perinatal transmission risk and early correlates of infection in young infants from a single hospital.
JO - Journal of Pediatrics
JF - Journal of Pediatrics


text:
"We may be cloud focused but we are very down to earth."
Kirsten Hawke C.A.
Kirsten Hawke, Chartered Accountant and CPA is the founder and CEO of Astill Hawke & Associates Accounting and the driving force behind Business Buddy. Since first going into Practice in 2002, Kirsten had the vision to create an accounting practice that focuses on its clients. Her drive and enthusiasm has lead Business Buddy to become the number one provider of accounting in the cloud, an approach that's revolutionizing the accounting world.
"We are here for our client's like a buddy would be. The name sums up what we do, we care, we look out for you and we walk by your side. We're your Business Buddy, we want you to succeed and we know that our proactive advice really makes a difference."
Kirsten has a strong background in business management, her experience and expertise means she can readily understand businesses and provide guidance in human resources, business structuring and regular management reporting. Kirsten currently lives in the Farm Cove area with her two children and their multiple pets. Kirsten is a past President and Assistant Governor of the Manukau City Sunrise Rotary Club. She enjoys spending time with her family, entertaining family and friends, wine tasting, travel and hiking.
Jatin Patel C.A
Director, Chartered Accountant, Certified Public Accountant
Jatin@Businessbuddy.co.nz
Jatin strives to make New Zealand a better place to live, laugh and do business.
With more than 19 years of working with SMEs he has assisted a network of businesses from Christchurch to Kaitaia.
Being a qualified chartered accountant, Jatin uses his expertise to give business owners entrepreneurial guidance and strategies to reach their goals.
"If our clients grow – we grow."
As a genuine people person, Jatin is approachable, genuine and full of good humour.
He stands by his clients, through the good times and the bad – recognising that sustainable business growth is a series of gradual ups and downs.
Jatin finds it extremely rewarding when he supports clients through challenges, such as a full IR audit and achieves outcomes that make all parties happy.
Early in his accounting career he dedicated his evenings to adult education classes, teaching small business owners how to use first generation accounting software in their businesses.
This was a valuable opportunity to really understand the issues affecting small businesses, and family-owned and operated enterprises.
Jatin made his home in East Auckland and his wife Kamini supports the BUSINESS buddy team, managing the Ellerslie office.
As well as advising business owners, Jatin is committed to helping his community.
He is a board member for Totara Hospice, Manurewa as well as a fundraising legend.
Jatin has completed more than eight endurance cycle rides for the Unicorn Foundation, Tearfund, Cancer Society and is the driving force behind Light for Life Charity fundraising dinner.
To-date, the event has raised more than $200,000 for organisations including, Cancer Society of New Zealand, Totara Hospice and Starship Foundation NZ.
Jatin has completed a governance course with Institute of Directors, which will present Jatin with new opportunities in corporate world as an independent director for various businesses.
Linda Nowacki
Linda@Businessbuddy.co.nz
Our newest BUSINESS buddy, Linda Nowacki (pronounced as Novaski), has spent more than a decade working in accountancy work and she is now working fulltime at the East Tamaki office.
Linda is a real numbers person and loves the satisfaction that comes from balancing the books, but she also enjoys client interaction.
In 2006, Linda moved with her family to Pakuranga and worked with an accountant at Highland Park.
During that time, she gained a lot of experience in client services and reviewing accounts work, and she will capably apply these skills at BUSINESS buddy.
Of course, life can't be all work and no fun, which means a lot of Linda's free time is devoted to her family's activities.
"I like going to the gym and enjoy watching sport, especially tennis," says Linda. "I used to be a keen tennis player."
When she isn't watching tennis on television or catching the action live at ASB Tennis Arena, she'll be following her son's motorsport events.
It's no surprise that after all that action – Linda enjoys winding down with a glass of wine.
Nirang Shah C.A, Master of Taxation Studies
Practice Manager, Chartered Accountant, Master of Taxation Studies
Nirang@Businessbuddy.co.nz
Nirang has developed extensive business expertise throughout an accounting career spanning more than 30 years.
He has worked with large companies, mid-tier accounting firms and most recently, focussed on SMEs.
Nirang enjoys supporting and advising clients to establish good business practices, right from the start.
He capably reviews and overviews systems to ensure they will meet business owners' goals.
"I have a strong sense of responsibility for my clients and take their business very personally."
When Nirang achieves a positive financial result for his clients and he sees their gratitude – he knows he has achieved his workday goal.
Completing a Master of Taxation Studies at The University of Auckland has steered Nirang to specialise in tax advocacy and consulting for SMEs.
It seems that Nirang was destined to be work in accountancy because he comes from a family of accountants, who work and studying around the globe.
When he isn't busy helping entrepreneurs, Nirang enjoys family time at his Flat Bush home.
To keep fit he enjoys cycling and regularly enters the Unicorn Foundation Tour of New Zealand endurance cycle ride – supporting BUSINESS buddy director Jatin Patel and the important charity.
Amy Posthuma
Junior Accountant
Amy@businessbuddy.co.nz
Being young and aspirational has established a great career pathway for BUSINESS buddy's youngest accountant, Amy Posthuma.
Following her internship at BUSINESS buddy's East Tamaki office, Amy was offered a full-time position as their junior accountant.
In 2016, Amy completed her bachelor degree in applied management at Manukau Institute of Technology (MIT). She recognised accounting is practical and applicable to wide-ranging elements of business, and opted to major in the discipline.
Amy enjoys management accounting as well as identifying how companies can grow by analysing costings.
She also enjoys the ease of using Xero as she has become more familiar with it.
When Amy isn't busy helping businesses she enjoys reading, great movies and social sports.
Dee Whelan
Reception/Office Assistant
Dee joined the team at Business Buddy in July 2010, returning to the workforce after being a full time mum to her two boys. She previously worked in secretarial and Administration roles and enjoys getting to know our clients and understanding their needs.
Dee lives in Botany and loves shopping and spending quality time with her husband and sons.
Jonathan Sturm C.A
Chartered Accountant - Business Buddy franchisee
Jonathan@businessbuddy.co.nz
A career that started out in a New Zealand bank call centre gave our Waiuku BUSINESS buddy an exceptional understanding of customer service.
Jonathan Sturm also learnt that when you are determined – anything is possible, and it wasn't long before the self-starter leapt into his commerce degree at the University of Victoria in Wellington.
His banking vocation progressed beyond answering phone inquiries to providing business support, lending and finance.
The allure of travel took Jonathan to London where he found himself in the middle of the global financial crisis (GFC) working with a major European bank and analysing staff reduction strategies.
The excitement of London came to a sudden halt when Jonathan experienced a serious accident and returned to New Zealand, with some long-term rehabilitation ahead of him.
You can't keep a good person down though and Jonathan briefly returned to his banking career while he completed some accounting papers.
Later, while working with a multinational manufacturer and a Kiwi IT telecommunications company, Jonathan completed his chartered accountancy qualification.
During those years he became a father and decided a long day commuting in Auckland traffic was not achieving the work-life balance he wanted with his young family.
He found a new management accounting role in Franklin, found the perfect property for his family in Waiuku and thought there had to be more to life.
"I was looking for a challenge and wanted to make a difference," says Jonathan. "I even had a crack at studying to be a secondary school teacher."
"When I saw an opportunity to run my own BUSINESS buddy franchise – I could see the potential to really help other business owners.
"I worked with a few local smaller companies and saw how helping them with their business – helped them with their lives."
His strength comes from good understanding of business banking, as well as business and manufacturing systems.
Jonathan can identify ways to apply big business principles to growing businesses, helping them achieve their goals.
And, because he loves hanging out with his wife and three daughters – he's often found in the garden or tackling his latest DIY project around the home.
Business Buddy - a great place to work
Hear the inside scoop on what it's like to work at Business Buddy.
Jatin Patel
Nirang Shah
Jonathan Sturm
Contact us to learn more about how we can help you grow your business.
Why Business Buddy?
Business Buddy was one of the first accountancy practices in NZ to offer cloud accounting. Our team has vast experience in cloud accounting and the latest solutions so you can get the cost and speed benefits of Cloud accounting with confidence.
Xero Training
Would you like to get the most out of Xero? more
I feel confident that they have my best interests at heart, I also don't feel like a number or just a client with Business Buddy, I feel like a friend.
Chrissy Hutching. Brayco Stainless NZ Ltd East Tamaki
Tweets by @AstillHawke


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This beautiful keepsake pendant can be filled with oils, perfumes, sand from the beach, or even ashes of a loved one or pet. It is made of stainless steel and brass, and measures just over an inch long by 3/8 of an inch in diameter. The stopper is threaded and has a tiny rubber gasket, so you can be sure it won`t leak. It comes on an 18 inch link chain necklace that fastens with a lobster claw clasp, and a gift box is included. This necklace makes a great gift for friends and family that is sure to be admired.


At least long enough to right some terrible wrongs, and hopefully prevent such a catastrophic fire happening again.
Even watching from half a world away, it was impossible not to feel outraged and distressed. Yet, as time passes other tragedies take the attention of those not directly involved. I often think how abandoned survivors of disasters must feel as they are first thrust into the spotlight, then ignored as something new and shiny comes along for the media.
I apologise for my tardy response. Your point is so well made. Particularly with the latest terrorist outrage in Barcelona. It is hard to keep a sense of perspective when faced by so many terrible events. And your point about the survivors shows great sensitivity and highlights a very real issue for those 'left behind'. It also reminds me very much of the events that surrounded the death of my father decades ago, the intensity of the immediate support from family and friends, followed by the emptiness that follows.
Thank you Andy. I was originally thinking of friends who have been bereaved and how funerals seem to mark an end of others' sense of commitment to support. As if we know how to "do" funerals, but beyond that grief is scary and difficult. I can only imagine how much worse it must feel to be first of all bombarded with attention then discarded, especially when the circumstances of such bereavements are so extreme.
I think you make the point with great eloquence. As you say, under what might be considered 'normal' circumstances it is hard to face bereavement alone but that must be amplified to an almost intolerable degree after the intensity of International media interest that evaporates when the next tragedy seizes the headlines.


Now in its fifth decade, Cinema/Chicago, the presenting organization of the Chicago International Film Festival, is dedicated to promoting expression and communication through the universal language of film. Every fall, we present the Chicago International Film Festival, a two-week extravaganza of stars, parties, and hundreds of films and filmmakers from more than 40 countries around the world. But our commitment to expanding your film horizons doesn't end there. With our Education Screenings, Television Competition, CineYouth Festival, International Screenings Program, and much more, the excitement lasts all year!


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Best Golf Clubs Reviews
Golf Balls Review
Tips & Practices
Best Golf Lesson
What Is an Albatross in Golf
January 1, 2021 by Jordan S.
Golf is a game of shots that are powerful, spinning, subtle, deft, and measured. There is an ever-growing list of professional golfers and the standard of the game has improved over the past decades.
It's because better quality equipment and more professional assistance are available to golfers in recent years.
However, golf remains a game where some frontiers are still too hard to cross. Albatross which is more popular as a double eagle in American circuits is one of those scores that still remain largely elusive to most golfers. What is an albatross in golf?
When you finish a hole in under 3-par, it is called an albatross. Technically, this is possible only when you are trying to finish a 5-par or 6-par hole.
Why is albatross such a difficult feat in golf?
Who has scored an albatross so far?
Some most remarkable albatross in the history of golf
Gene Sarazen
Jeff Maggert
T. C. Chen
What are your odds of making an albatross?
Why is scoring an albatross so rare?
Is it an albatross or double eagle?
What is the origin of 'Albatross' in golf?
An albatross is almost an impossible feat to achieve in golf. This is a scoring term that means a player is able to score a particular hole by three strokes under par. This is an extremely difficult accomplishment for any golfer, given the fact that most of the holes in a golf course or driving range are 3-par, 4-par, and 5-par.
Although some professional golfers have accomplished an albatross at different golf tour events, they constitute a very small number compared to all the golfers who have played in LPGA Tour and PGA Tour history.
For you to be able to score an albatross, you need to play on a 5-par hole. If you play at a 4-par hole and you are able to score an albatross, it would be termed a hole-in-one, not an albatross.
On a par-5 hole, you will need to sink the ball into the hole in your second shot for the score to be called an albatross. It would require an extremely high level of precision and generous luck to sink in a hole that lies 200 yards or more from the green.
In the long and illustrious history of professional golf, there were only a few occasions when an albatross was scored. PGA Tour veteran Gene Sarazen is recognized as the first professional golfer to score an albatross at one of the four major events of modern professional golf.
Sarazen made this extraordinary achievement during the 1935 Masters on 5-par 15th hole. The game went on to become a tie which forced a playoff that Sarazen won.
Joey Sindelar, Jack Nicklaus, and Shaun Micheel are the other professional golfers who have scored an albatross in their golfing career.
In recent times, Nicholas Thompson has achieved an albatross in 2009 at the Fry.com Open. He scored the albatross on par-5 11th hole. He also made a hole-in-one on the 3-par 13th hole.
An albatross and a hole-in-one in the same game is an extremely rare achievement in the history of golf. In nearly 70 years of LPGA Tour's history, as many as 30 albatrosses have been scored.
Making a par-5 in two shots is rare and you need to make some very shots and a great deal of luck to achieve such a rare feat. According to an estimate, only 10% of all the golfers are capable of making 5-par in two shots.
The most famous double eagle was accomplished by Gene Sarazen during the 1935 Masters and we have mentioned this earlier also in this article.
It was the final round, and Craig Wood was finishing the round with a 3-stroke lead. Sarazen was in the 15th fairway and he holed out from 235 yards and it was for a 2. He tied the game with Wood and faced him the next day in a 36-hole playoff that Sarazen eventually won.
American professional golfer Jeff Maggert achieved a double eagle at Augusta during the 1994 Masters. He achieved this feast on 5-par at the 13th hole.
He is the only golfer to accomplish double eagles in two major tours. He achieved this feat during the 2001 British Open.
T. C. Chen is remembered for scoring the first double eagle in the history of the U.S. Open. He hit the ball for a 256-yard shot for the 527-yard second hole in the first round of the tournament.
But is also remembered, perhaps more, for a double-hit chip he made in the final round of the 1985 event at Oakland Hills.
Many golf fans remember Bob Gilder making a double eagle during the third round of Westchester in 1982 at Westchester Country Club.
The odds of scoring an albatross are 6 million to 1. This estimate was worked out by the National Hole in One Association that tracks and sets odds for holes-in-one.
As per this golf body, hole-in-one is extremely elusive while an albatross is all the less likely. It sets the odds for a golfer to score a hole-in-one at 12,750 to 1.
Why scoring an albatross is so difficult is because it can be achieved only on 5-par holes whose number on a golf course ranges from 2 to 5.
However, the possibility of scoring a birdie that is 1-under-par or an eagle that is 2-under-par is high because they can be scored on any of the holes on the golf course. But an albatross that can be scored on 5-par and 6-par holes is an extremely rare phenomenon.
Albatross and double eagle refer to the same thing and have identical meanings. The use of double eagle is more common in the United States.
Albatross is a more frequently used term worldwide than a double eagle. On the same note, an eagle is also referred to as an & ace'. When you are able to finish a hole by 2 strokes under par, it is called an eagle.
When you finish a hole by 3-under par, it is called an albatross. The possibility of scoring an albatross is much lower than scoring an ace. Albatross can be achieved on a 5-par hole where scoring a hole-in-one is virtually impossible though there are some instances.
However, a double eagle is a widely used term in the United States while albatross is commonly used elsewhere. The term double eagle came to be used for the first time in 1935 for a short that still remains as one of the most famous shots in the history of golf. It was a 5-par hole out from a distance of over 200 yards.
The shot was made for the 15th hole and it was a double eagle. For the rest of the world and the history of golf, it was the first albatross scored by Gene Sarazen. The American newspapers called the shot & double eagle' making it more popular than albatross.
Australian golfer Ogilvy had once famously said that he did not know what a double eagle meant until he came to the United States.
How and why was the word albatross chosen to describe under 3-under par on a hole? For below par golf scores, avian themes have already been in use.
Albatross is also a bird and it falls in line with the established practice of having an avian theme named for below-par scores.
For 1-under par, we have a birdie, and for 2-under par score, we have an eagle. For 3-under par, the world double eagle is used but this particular scoring is also denoted as an albatross.
Scoring an albatross is very rare, it must have been all the more so in the early 20th century when the golfing equipment was not so advanced and the shots they made covered a relatively short distance.
So, the need for a term to describe 3-under par might not have been felt for a long time. According to some sources, the first reference of & albatross' as a term to denote a 3-under par score was first used by a British newspaper in 1929.
During the 1930s, albatross' became a commonly used term in the golfing world.
But why was albatross' used out of so many avian themes available for the purpose?
Albatross is a bird and some of these birds are large with impressive wingspans. According to U.S. Open winner Geoff Ogilvy, an albatross is grand and it describes the shot take make 3-under par possible.
Truly, making a 3-under par possible you need to make some grand shots on the course.
By the discussion so far, you must be able to see what makes albatross such a difficult feat to accomplish. In the game of stamina and power coupled with deft and subtle stroke play, albatross remains an enigma.
Anyone who scores an albatross is directly transferred to the hall of fame of the golfing world.
But there are some players who have achieved this feat. They haven't got the rare distinction of scoring an albatross by the quirk of things.
All of these professional players have been extraordinary golfers who have many more records and remarkable achievements to their credit.
While golf may look to be an easy game, scoring an under 3-par is something that only a few could achieve and their number can be counted on the fingertips.
How To Judge Putting Distance
How To Improve Pitching In Golf: 6 Tips You Can Use Right Away
How Far Should You Hit a 60-Degree Wedge?
How Much Difference Does a Driver Shaft Make?
What is The Average Golf Score? 【Complete Report】
Jordan S.
Let me introduce myself, my name is Jordan and I love everything about golf. This is why I've put together this blog. Here I'll be sharing with you some cool golf tips, golf courses, irons, driver revews that will help you become a better golfer.
Let me introduce myself, my name is Jordan and I love everything about golf.
This is why I've put together this blog.
Here I'll be sharing with you some cool tips that will help you become a better golfer.
Best Ladies Golf Drivers for Beginners
How Many Golf Balls Do Tour Pros Carry?
Cobra Golf KING F8 Driver Review
Why Is the Driver So Hard to Hit?
8 Best Ladies Golf Gloves Both Hands
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Save 40%! Nearly 4000 rock drum loops and single hit samples in 72 DOD Songs Sets. Three rock drum loop volumes in one, low-priced bundle. Click on the images for more about each product. Place this bundle in your cart ($124.95) and save 40% off the retail price of buying these items individually ($209.85). Choose immediate download or shipped on data discs. Available in Acid WAV, Apple Loops and REX formats.
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Sometimes the most unusual photos can happen absolutely randomly. Nonetheless, you need to have a creative vision as well as an ability to see new perspectives.
LikeAble introduces a compilation of photos in which a moment defines everything.


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Phoenix Suns: Devin Booker salutes Kobe Bryant in 'NBA Lane' 75th anniversary video
Duane Rankin
Arizona Republic
Devin Booker is rolling through the "NBA Lane" neighborhood where fellow current greats and legends reside.
The two-time Suns All-Star stops behind a school bus in a clean blue classic 1958 Chevy Impala, looks to the right and there he is.
His idol. Kobe.
A giant mural of the five-time NBA champion is on full display of the late, great Hall of Famer.
"And some things....are bigger than basketball," the bus driver says.
Booker salutes the Kobe Bryant mural and drives away.
That is perhaps the most poignant scene in the short film starring the "Hoopbus" driver, producer and actor Michael B. Jordan, created in a fictional neighborhood celebrating the NBA's 75th anniversary season.
"I'm glad the way it turned out," Booker said after Friday's open practice at Footprint Center. No lines, which is how I want it to be and I got to pay my respects at the same time. It was a no-brainer for me."
Booker and fellow Phoenix Suns All-Star backcourt mate, Chris Paul, are in the film along with several NBA stars such as LeBron James, Kevin Durant, Kawhi Leonard and Zion Williamson, as well as Hall of Famers like Bill Russell, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Gary Payton, Magic Johnson, Larry Bird and former Suns star Grant Hill.
Paul is in the film spinning a basketball and placing it on a young girl's finger.
As for Booker, he talked to Bryant's wife, Vanessa, about the Bryant idea and received her blessing.
"She 100 percent cleared it, which made me feel even more comfortable doing it," Booker said. "It turned out well."
With it being a fictional setup, Booker wasn't actually looking at the mural that's in the film as the scene was filmed at Leimert Park in Los Angeles, but it was second nature for him to conjure up feelings of seeing Bryant immortalized.
"There are a lot of murals of Kobe down there that I've drove past and had that same feeling," Booker said. "So it's pretty accurate and I guess easy to get into character knowing what it was for me. Even just looking at the wall and thinking about what is going to be there, I still felt the same thing."
Have opinion about current state of the Suns? Reach Suns Insider Duane Rankin at dmrankin@gannett.com or contact him at 480-787-1240. Follow him on Twitter at @DuaneRankin.
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© By Staro1:Type of licence: CC BY-SA 3.0
2 English Study Programs at Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg
Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg
Academy of fine arts
The Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg is one of the larger colleges of music in Germany.
It was founded 1950 as Staatliche Hochschule für Musik (Public college of music) on the base of the former private acting school of Annemarie Marks-Rocke and Eduard Marks.
Studies include various music types from church music over Jazz to pop music, composition, conducting, instrumental music as well as voice. The theatre academy offers courses in drama and opera and directing in these fields. A third academy offers scientific and educational degrees of study (musicology, music education, and therapy).
The university is located in the prestigious Budge-Palais in Hamburg Rotherbaum at the Außenalster, close to the city centre.
0% local admission restriction (local NC)
0% no admission restriction
100% no information provided
100% directly at University
0% via Uni-Assist
(0 program)
No location found
List of English-taught Study Programs offered by Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg
Multimedia Composition
01 Apr (Winter) - 10 Jan (Summer)
Contemporary Performance and Composition
20 Jan (Summer)


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e-3766 Environment
Source | Leah Taylor Roy | Environmental assessment,Highways | February 6, 2022, at 9:17 a.m. (EDT)
Petition to the House of Commons
The Bradford Bypass is a 16.2 km, 4 lane highway proposed to connect the 400 and the 404 through the Holland Marsh - Lake Simcoe's headwaters and a provincially significant wetland in the Greenbelt;
The highway will remove significant ecosystems including 9.5 hectares of wetland, 39 hectares of wildlife habitat and 22.1 hectares of high quality woodlands;
There are 11 species at risk along the route and recent Ontario regulations weaken the protections for some species along the route (O. Reg. 830/21);
Ontario Regulation 697/21 exempts this project from the Environmental Assessment Act and therefore no further study will be done on the impacts to and mediation measures for species at risk, Lake Simcoe, climate and public health;
The highway's EA is from 1997 and predates key provincial acts like Lake Simcoe Protection Act, Greenbelt Act, Clean Water Act and doesn't consider climate change;
The highway will destroy one of Canada's most significant historical sites, the Lower Landing;
The highway's EA studies demonstrated elevated levels of benzene and groundwater contamination which impacts drinking water;
The highway's estimated GHG emissions are 84 million kilograms of carbon per year;
7 municipalities and 18,000 people have asked for impact assessments for this highway; and
The Government of Canada recently passed the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act and made global commitments to reduce GHG emissions.
We, the undersigned, residents of the Province of Ontario, call upon the Minister of Environment and Climate Change to designate the Bradford Bypass project for a full federal impact assessment through the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada.
e-3765 Citizenship and immigration
e-3780 Foreign affairs
e-3771 Transportation


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Why There Are Words Presents "The Stranger" July 9, 2015
June 16, 2015 whytherearewords readings, Sausalito, Uncategorized Comments Off on Why There Are Words Presents "The Stranger" July 9, 2015
Why There Are Words presents the following acclaimed authors reading from their works on the theme of "The Stranger." Join us for a night like no others July 9, 2015, at Studio 333 in Sausalito. Doors open at 7pm; readings begin at 7:15. $10.
Jayne Benjulian
Jayne Benjulian's poems have appeared in Agni, Barrow Street, Poet Lore, Women's Review of Books, Nimrod International, and elsewhere; her essays, in HowlRound and The California Journal of Women Writers. She has taught at Emory University, San Francisco State University, and University of San Francisco, and was a Fulbright Fellow in Lyon, France. She holds an MFA from the Warren Wilson Program for Writers. In previous incarnations she was chief speechwriter at Apple, director of new play development at Magic Theatre, and investigator for the Public Defender in King County, WA.
Liam Callanan
In addition to his new story collection, Listen (Four Way Books, 2015), Liam Callanan is the author of the novels The Cloud Atlas, a finalist for an Edgar Award, and All Saints, a Target Bookmarked Breakout book. A frequent essayist for print and public radio, he has taught at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and in the Warren Wilson MFA Program for Writers. Born in Washington, DC, and raised in Los Angeles, he now calls Wisconsin home.
Lisa Gluskin Stonestreet
Lisa Gluskin Stonestreet's The Greenhouse was awarded the 2014 Frost Place Prize and published by Bull City Press in September 2014. Her first book, Tulips, Water, Ash, was selected for the Morse Poetry Prize and published by University Press of New England. Her poems have been awarded a Javits fellowship and a Phelan Award, and have appeared in journals including Kenyon Review, Cream City Review, At Length, Quarterly West, Blackbird, The Iowa Review, 32 Poems, and Third Coast and in the anthologies Best New Poets and The Bloomsbury Anthology of Contemporary Jewish American Poetry. She writes, edits, and teaches in Oakland, California.
Robin McLean
Robin McLean's debut collection Reptile House won the 2015 BOA Editions Fiction Prize and was also a finalist for the Flannery O'Connor Short Fiction Prize in 2011 and 2012. According to Publishers Weekly, Reptile House "moves seamlessly from adultery to kidnapping, from assassination plots to extreme geothermal events, all in a voice that is spare and darkly poetic" offering "strangely realistic glimpses into conflicts that are equal parts surreal and hyper-realistic." A figure skater first—having learned to skate and walk at the same time—she believes crashing on ice prepared her for writing fiction. She teaches at Clark University and splits her time between Newfound Lake in Bristol, New Hampshire, and a 200-year-old farm in western Massachusetts.
Marie Mutsuki Mockett
Marie Mutsuki Mockett was born and raised in California to a Japanese mother and American father, and graduated from Columbia University with a degree in East Asian Languages and Civilizations. Her memoir, Where the Dead Pause and the Japanese Say Goodbye, was published by Norton and is a Barnes and Noble Discover Pick, and IndieNext Pick and a New York Times Critic's Choice. Her first novel, Picking Bones from Ash, was shortlisted for the Saroyan International Prize for Writing, and a finalist for the Paterson Prize. She has written for The New York Times, Salon, National Geographic, Glamour, and other publications and has been a guest on Talk of the Nation and All Things Considered on NPR.
Patrick O'Neil
Patrick O'Neil is the author of the memoir, Gun Needle Spoon (Dzanc Books, June 2015), and the excerpted in part French translation, Hold-Up (13e Note Editions). His writing has appeared in numerous publications, including: Juxtapoz, Sensitive Skin, Salon.com, The Weeklings, Razorcake, Fourteen Hills, and Word Riot. He has been nominated twice for Best of the Net, and is a regular contributor to the recovery website After Party Chat. Patrick holds an MFA in Creative Writing from Antioch University Los Angeles. He lives in Hollywood, California, and teaches at Antioch University and Los Angeles Valley College. For more information please visit his website.
Why There Are Words takes place every second Thursday of the month, when people come from San Francisco, the North Bay, the East Bay, the South Bay–everywhere–to crowd the house. The brainchild of Peg Alford Pursell, this literary goodness has been going strong for five years.
Gun Needle SpoonJayne BenjulianLiam CallananLisa Gluskin StonestreetListen book of storiesMarie Mutsuki MockettPatrick O'NeilPeg Alford PursellPicking Bones from AshReptile HouseRobin McLeanThe Greenhouse poemsWhere the Dead Pause and the Japanese Say Goodbye
Previous Post:Why There Are Words Presents "Impulse" June 11, 2015
Next Post:Why There Are Words Presents "Reach", August 13, 2015


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Birds of Prey (1999-2009) #16
Birds of Prey (1999-2009)
Power Girl and the Birds track down the most dangerous maniac in the world--the Joker! Canary and Power Girl have captured their target, but there's just one problem: he's got New York City targeted for thermonuclear destruction and Oracle must face her greatest fear in order to stop him!
Chuck Dixon
Butch Guice
Gloria Vasquez
Superhero Drama Leading Ladies Crime Movies & TV
When citizens are in trouble, they call on the Super Heroes. But when Super Heroes are in trouble, they call on the Birds of Prey! An elite group of operatives willing to work in the world's darkest places, the Birds enforce swift justice in a style all their own.
The Birds are back--brought together once again by fan-favorite writer Gail Simone (WONDER WOMAN)! Following the events of BRIGHTEST DAY, Black Canary, Huntress, Lady Blackhawk and Oracle reunite, and add two new birds to the flock: Hawk and Dove!
Robin (1993-2009)
With Batman at his side or off on his own, Tim Drake protects the streets of Gotham by night while simultaneously trying to lead a normal teenage life by day. Writer Chuck Dixon returns once more to the Boy Wonder Tim Drake—this time for the young hero's very own ongoing series!
Batgirl (2000-2006)
Trained from early childhood by a notorious assassin, Batgirl Cassandra Cain has the uncanny ability to sense her opponents' movements before they happen. But now that she's living and working in Gotham, can she live up to the expectations of her mentor, the Batman?
Nightwing (1996-2009)
Dick Grayson stars in his very own series as the high-flying acrobatic super-hero Nightwing! After years of serving alongside the Dark Knight detective through the streets of Gotham City, Nightwing branches off on his own as the sworn protector of Bludhaven!


For some reason the word "code" keeps disappearing.
When I try to view my applet after I put that in the HTML widget, it says there is an error of some sort. Then I change the word code to codebase and I get the orange Java loading screen. After all this my applet won't load and I have searched for days everywhere I could find tutorials. I don't know what is wrong. Any suggestions to fix my problem?
Can you tell us more about what you are trying to accomplish and what you have currently implemented on your site. Are you able to paste the code in here that you have so we can take a look.
Are you trying to implement something like this: How to use applets.
I'm trying to get the java applet to display on the screen. I have put all the necessary class files in the file manager. I know for sure I'm supposed to reference them using the word "resources/" then my class file. I've tested to make sure I'm referencing properly to the file by referencing to a flash video I have in the file manager. It displayed without a problem on the first try. I'm trying to use exactly what you linked to. I've put all the tags, width and height, and references in there correctly but for some reason it won't display. There was already a topic here that said to use exactly what is on the site you've shown me. I've tried exactly that and it didn't work. I don't know what is wrong.
Were you looking at this thread: How to add java applet?
Ok, so it displayed properly on the first try, did you change anything? I know that sounds elementary on my part, but I am just trying to get handle on why it is not displaying for you and why it worked once and not again.
Yes that was the thread I looked at.
I'm told that is all that I need and to have the class file in the file manager. It just doesn't seem to want to work properly at all.
Yes that is exactly what I mean.
Ok, thanks for providing that information, I will see what I can find out and will get back with you.
Hi Adam. Do you have a url with your code on that we can have a look at? That would help a lot with debugging.
The java applet I want to use is Rolling Cubes.
There isn't an embed code from the website itself. It was open source though, so I figured I would go embed the applet myself. I keep getting the error ClassNotFoundException. I was able to test this on a different computer to see if it would happen there too and got the same thing.
Hi Adam - we're not ignoring you! Christo's not online at the moment and we'll ask him to come back to you when he is. Being the weekend, it may be a little longer than usual.
Does this resolve your problem, or would you like me to try get the applet version working?
I would like to use applets because I'm going to be writing some more in the future to add to my site. I looked at your tipsandtricks site and it doesn't want to load for me.
Hi Adam - the site loads for me, can you try again? Alternatively, can you try restarting your browser or using a different browser to access the site? If it still won't load, could you let us know if you see an error message on the page?
I forgot to add that you can access the site's home page on this link: http://tipsandtricks.synthasite.com/, Christo's given a link to the specific page above.
Sorry took a while to get back to you.
I have got the applet to work. What I didnt realise is that the source code that was provided actually had two class files, so we needed to create a jar archive.
There are two options for you to displat this applet.
1 (easiest) - just serve it off my site.
I did some experimenting with both ways of embedding the applet. The one from tipsandtricks.synthasite.com works just fine. I tested the other one and kept getting that same error. Then I thought that the reason I was getting the error was because my site isn't published yet. I'm sure that is the reason for the error.
Thank you Christo! I can't believe it was something as simple as that. All of you have been a great help!


Third, the empirical analysis does not account for biases that are generated by reverse causality and omitted variables. Term Short term process Long term process Applicable to Developed Economies Developing Economies How it can be measured? Therefore, it becomes essential that several industries are set up simultaneously. Keynesian economists in particular place great emphasis on the role of the in putting pressure on existing capacity and, by expanding profit opportunities, encouraging businesses to increase investment in new plant and machinery, etc. This model assumes that there are to capital and labor. Definition of Economic Development Economic Development is defined as the process of increase volume of production along with the improvement in technology, a rise in the level of living, institutional changes, etc. This results in an upside-down-U-shaped curve, where the vertex of the curve represents the level of growth that should be targeted. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty.
The former embraces developments that emerge from outside the existing economic system and that then impact upon it. From 1973 to 2007 the growth rate was 1. This measure also presumes that human capital is only developed in formal schooling, contrary to the extensive evidence that families, neighborhoods, peers, and health also contribute to the development of human capital. Growth has to be measured in the value of goods and services, not only the quantity. This type of strategy can be very risky. While more than 80 percent of our work is in emerging economies, we also help public-sector institutions in advanced economies solve complex development challenges. However, in later phases, as human capital become the main engine of economic growth, more equal distribution of income, in the presence of credit constraints, stimulated investment in human capital and economic growth.
Normally, projects create both forward and backward linkages. Ecological economists counter that this argument of traditional economists is flawed. In the United States, our periods of large economic growth are mostly associated with new technology. August 2016 This article includes a , related reading or , but its sources remain unclear because it lacks. As the former uses various indicators to judge the progress in an economy as a whole, the latter uses only specific indicators like gross domestic product, individual income etc. According to Piketty, this is the case because wealth that is already held or inherited, which is expected to grow at the rate r, will grow at a rate faster than wealth accumulated through labor, which is more closely tied to g. Also, they argue that you still need natural resources to produce the very manufactured resources traditional economists claim can replace natural resources.
In many poor and developing countries much land and housing are held outside the formal or legal property ownership registration system. The Last Industry Strategy has disadvantages. Source: World Economic Outlook, , 2004. Contrary to it, if several industries are developed simultaneously and harmoniously, this difficulty can be removed. Natives to Utopia have used this berry for many years, but recently, a wealthy German traveler discovered the berry and brought samples back to Germany.
Market share is the percent of unit and dollar sales a company holds within a certain market vs. In contrast to, economic development applies to developing countries to measure progress. British conservative politician and journalist has deemed an 'inefficient system of '. Additionally, they can operate on the supply side of the economy by promoting enterprise initiatives and providing resources for improving productivity and research see ,. New York: Cambridge University Press.
The Mystery of Economic Growth. There may be, and probably are, technological limits. An Essay on the Principle of Population. Another major cause of economic growth is the introduction of new products and services and the improvement of existing products. White River Junction, Vermont : Chelsea Green, 2004. Investment should be made in those projects that have the greatest total number of linkages.
Economic growth has the indirect potential to alleviate , as a result of a simultaneous increase in employment opportunities and increased. Meadows, Jorgen Randers, Dennis L. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that a country will generate institutions that respect property rights and the rule of law without having had first intermediate fiscal and political institutions that create incentives for elites to support them. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Externality, or costs that others have incurred without agreement, is also a factor to consider. This is the case for such public services such as , , and that cannot reasonably be imported. A growing or more productive economy can make more goods and provide more services than before.
Utopian men worked long hours attempting to farm land that was naturally unsuitable for most crops, just to feed their immediate families. As opposed to economic development is a continuous process so that it can be seen in the long run. Low productivity leads to low income, i. As a consequence, growth-oriented environmental economists propose government intervention into switching sources of energy production, favouring , , , and. The first is a discovery of new or better economic resources.
In 2013, French economist postulated that in periods when the average annual rate on return on investment in capital r exceeds the average annual growth in economic output g , the rate of inequality will increase. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. After a dropping for a decade, business incentive use increased dramatically with the recession. Generally speaking, gross domestic product is an economic model that reflects the value of a country's output. The study of how people , , and use goods and. An uncertain glory India and its contradictions. Roberto Perotti showed that in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach, developed by Galor and Zeira, inequality is associated with lower level of human capital formation education, experience, apprenticeship and higher level of fertility, while lower level of human capital is associated with lower levels of economic growth.


text:
package org.zstack.sdk;

public class GetExternalBackupDetailsResult {
    public java.util.List vmBackupInfos;
    public void setVmBackupInfos(java.util.List vmBackupInfos) {
        this.vmBackupInfos = vmBackupInfos;
    }
    public java.util.List getVmBackupInfos() {
        return this.vmBackupInfos;
    }

    public java.util.List volumeBackupInfos;
    public void setVolumeBackupInfos(java.util.List volumeBackupInfos) {
        this.volumeBackupInfos = volumeBackupInfos;
    }
    public java.util.List getVolumeBackupInfos() {
        return this.volumeBackupInfos;
    }

    public java.util.List backupStorageBackupInfos;
    public void setBackupStorageBackupInfos(java.util.List backupStorageBackupInfos) {
        this.backupStorageBackupInfos = backupStorageBackupInfos;
    }
    public java.util.List getBackupStorageBackupInfos() {
        return this.backupStorageBackupInfos;
    }

    public java.lang.String version;
    public void setVersion(java.lang.String version) {
        this.version = version;
    }
    public java.lang.String getVersion() {
        return this.version;
    }

}