text:
Silicon nitride film dry etching method
A silicon nitride film is dry etched by reactive ion etching using a mixed gas including a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas.
Tosaka, Hisao (Hachioji-shi, JP)
Casio Computer Co.,Ltd. (Tokyo, JP)
H01L21/3065
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20080194064 PROGRAMMING OF LASER FUSE August, 2008 Badami et al.
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REMAVEGE, CHRISTOPHER
HOLTZ, HOLTZ & VOLEK PC (630 Ninth Avenue Suite 1010, NEW YORK, NY, 10036-3744, US)
1. A silicon nitride film dry etching method comprising subjecting a silicon nitride film to dry etching by reactive ion etching using a mixed gas including a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas.
2. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 1, wherein the silicon nitride film is formed on an amorphous silicon film.
3. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed gas further includes an inert gas.
5. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the flow volume of the oxygen gas to that of the fluorine gas is 0.5 to 20.
9. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the flow volume of the oxygen gas to that of the fluorine gas is 1 to 4.
10. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the flow volume of the oxygen gas to that of the fluorine gas is 1 to 4.
13. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 1, wherein the dry etching is performed under a vacuum atmosphere at 1 to 100 Pa.
14. A silicon nitride film dry etching method comprising: preparing a processing target material in which a silicon nitride film is provided on a substrate; carrying the processing target material into a reaction chamber of a parallel plate type dry etching apparatus in which a high-frequency electrode and an opposite electrode are arranged in parallel with each other, and mounting the substrate of the processing target material on the high-frequency electrode; reducing the pressure in the reaction chamber, and introducing a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas into the reaction chamber; and applying high-frequency waves to the high-frequency electrode, and etching the silicon nitride film.
15. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 14, wherein preparing the processing target material in which the silicon nitride film is provided on the substrate includes forming an intrinsic amorphous silicon film on the substrate, and forming a processing target material made of the silicon nitride film on the intrinsic amorphous silicon film.
16. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 14, wherein the fluorine gas is used after diluted with an inert gas.
17. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 14, wherein the ratio of the flow volume of the oxygen gas to that of the fluorine gas is 0.5 to 20.
19. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 14, wherein the ratio of the flow volume of the oxygen gas to that of the fluorine gas is 1 to 4.
21. The silicon nitride film dry etching method according to claim 14, wherein the dry etching is performed under a vacuum atmosphere at 1 to 100 Pa.
22. A silicon nitride film dry etching method comprising subjecting a silicon nitride film to dry etching by reactive ion etching using a mixed gas essentially consisting of a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas, or a mixed gas essentially consisting of a fluorine gas, an oxygen gas and an inert gas.
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-143026, filed May 30, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a method for dry etching a silicon nitride film.
For example, there is a conventional thin film transistor of an inversely staggered type and of a channel protective film type (e.g., Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 11-274143). In order to form the channel protective film, a channel protective film formation film made of silicon nitride is first formed on the upper surface of a formed intrinsic amorphous silicon film. Then, a resist film is formed and on the upper surface of the channel protective film formation film. Then, a mixed gas of a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas and an oxygen gas is used as an etching gas to remove parts of the channel protective film formation film except for a part in the region under the resist film, by dry etching, such that a channel protective film is formed under the resist film.
SF6 in the etching gas used in such a dry etching method has recently been regarded as a problem to contribute to global warming, and it is therefore a critical issue to select an alternative gas.
It is therefore a principle object of the present invention to provide a silicon nitride film dry etching method capable of performing satisfactory dry etching of a silicon nitride film without using a gas such as SF6 which contributes to global warming.
A preferred aspect of this invention is a silicon nitride film dry etching method comprising subjecting a silicon nitride film to dry etching by reactive ion etching using a mixed gas including a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas.
Another preferred aspect of this invention is a silicon nitride film dry etching method comprising: preparing a processing target material in which a silicon nitride film is provided on a substrate; carrying the processing target material into a chamber of a parallel plate type dry etching apparatus in which a high-frequency electrode and an opposite electrode are arranged in parallel with each other, and mounting the substrate of the processing target material on the high-frequency electrode; reducing the pressure in the chamber, and introducing a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas into the chamber; and applying high-frequency waves to the high-frequency electrode to etch the silicon nitride film in the chamber.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one example of a part of a thin film transistor panel manufactured by a manufacturing method including a dry etching method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an initial step in one example of a method of manufacturing a thin film transistor panel shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a step following FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a step following FIG. 5; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of one example of an RIE apparatus.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view for partially showing one example of a thin film transistor panel manufactured by a manufacturing method including a dry etching method of the present invention. This thin film transistor panel comprises a glass substrate 1. A gate electrode 2 made of, for example, chromium is provided in a predetermined place on the upper surface of the glass substrate 1. A gate insulating film 3 made of silicon nitride is provided on the upper surfaces of the gate electrode 2 and the glass substrate 1.
A semiconductor thin film 4 made of, for example, intrinsic amorphous silicon is provided in a predetermined place on the upper surface of the gate insulating film 3 above the gate electrode 2. A channel protective film 5 made of silicon nitride is provided on a part of the upper surface of the semiconductor thin film 4 to face the gate electrode 2. Ohmic contact layers 6, 7 made of n-type amorphous silicon are provided on both sides of the upper surface of the channel protective film 5 and on the upper surface of the semiconductor thin film 4 on both sides of the channel protective film 5. A source electrode 8 and a drain electrode 9 made of, for example, chromium are provided on the upper surfaces of the ohmic contact layers 6, 7, respectively.
Each of a plurality thin film transistors 10 of an inversely staggered type and of a channel protective film type is constituted by the gate electrode 2, the gate insulating film 3, the semiconductor thin film 4, the channel protective film 5, the ohmic contact layers 6, 7, the source electrode 8 and the drain electrode 9.
An overcoat film 11 made of silicon nitride is provided on the upper surfaces of the thin film transistors 10 and the gate insulating film 3. A contact hole 12 is provided in part of the overcoat film 11 corresponding to a predetermined place of the source electrode 8. A pixel electrode 13 made of ITO is provided in a predetermined place of the upper surface of the overcoat film 11 so that it is electrically connected to the source electrode 8 via the contact hole 12.
Next, one example of a method of manufacturing the thin film transistor panel described above is explained. First, as shown in FIG. 2, a metal film made of, for example, chromium which has been formed on the upper surface of the glass substrate 1 by a sputter method, is patterned by a photolithographic method to form the gate electrodes 2.
Then, the gate insulating film 3 made of silicon nitride, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film (semiconductor thin film formation film) 21 and a silicon nitride film (channel protective film formation film) 22 are sequentially formed, by a plasma CVD method, on the upper surfaces of the glass substrate 1 and the gate electrodes 2. Further, a resist film is applied to a channel protective film formation region on the upper surface of the silicon nitride film 22 by, for example, a printing method, and this resist film is patterned by the photolithographic method to form resist films 23 each of which is positioned above the gate electrode 2.
Then, the silicon nitride film 22 is subjected to dry etching as described later using the resist film 23 as a mask, so that parts of the silicon nitride film 22 except for a part in the region under the resist film 23 are removed, so that the channel protective film 5 is formed under the resist film 23, as shown in FIG. 3. Further, the resist film 23 is removed.
Then, as shown in FIG. 4, an n-type amorphous silicon film (ohmic contact layer formation film) 24 is formed on the upper surfaces of the channel protective films 5 and the intrinsic amorphous silicon film 21 by the plasma CVD method. A source/drain electrode formation film 25 made of, for example, chromium is entirely formed on the upper surface of the amorphous silicon film 24 by the sputter method.
A resist film is formed on the upper surface of the source/drain electrode formation film 25, by, for example, printing, and then this resist film is patterned by the photolithographic method to form resist films 26, 27 to source electrode and drain electrode formation regions separate from each other.
Then, exposed parts of the source/drain electrode formation film 25 are subjected to wet etching, using the resist films 26, 27 as masks to remove parts of the source/drain electrode formation film 25 except for parts under the resist films 26, 27. Thus, the source electrodes 8 and the drain electrodes 9 are formed under the resist films 26, 27, as shown in FIG. 5.
Then, the n-type amorphous silicon film 24 and the intrinsic amorphous silicon film 21 are sequentially subjected to dry etching using the resist films 26, 27 and the channel protective films 5 as masks to remove parts of the n-type amorphous silicon film 24 except for parts in the regions under the resist films 26, 27 and to remove parts of the intrinsic amorphous silicon film 21 except for parts in the regions under the resist films 26, 27 and the channel protective film 5. Consequently, as shown in FIG. 6, the ohmic contact layers 6, 7 are formed under the source electrodes 8 and the drain electrodes 9, and the semiconductor thin films 4 are formed under the ohmic contact layers 6, 7 and the channel protective films 5. Further, the resist films 26, 27 are removed.
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the overcoat film 11 made of silicon nitride is formed on the upper surfaces of the thin film transistors 10 and the gate insulating film 3 by the plasma CVD method. Further, the contact holes 12 are formed in predetermined places of the overcoat film 11 by the photolithographic method.
Then, an ITO film is formed on the upper surface of the overcoat film 11 by the sputter method, and this ITO film is patterned by the photolithographic method, thereby forming the pixel electrodes 13 so that each of the pixel electrodes 13 is electrically connected to the source electrode 8 via the contact hole 12. Thus, the thin film transistor panel a part of which is shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained.
Next, one example of a reactive ion etching (RIE) apparatus for performing the dry etching in the manufacturing method described above is explained with reference to a schematic configuration diagram shown in FIG. 7. This RIE apparatus is a parallel plate type, and comprises a reaction container or chamber 31. A high-frequency electrode or pedestal 32 is provided in the lower part within the reaction container 31, and an opposite electrode or shower head 33 is provided in the upper part to face the high-frequency electrode 32. The high-frequency electrode 32 is electrically connected to a high-frequency power source 34, and the opposite electrode 33 is grounded. A processing target material 35 is mounted on the upper surface of the high-frequency electrode 32. A predetermined place of the lower part of the reaction container 31 is connected to a vacuum pump 37 via a pipe 36.
A gas introduction pipe 38 is provided in the center of the upper part of the reaction container 31 so that its one end penetrates through or extends into the center of the opposite electrode 33. The other end of the gas introduction pipe 38 is fluidly connected to a common pipe 39. First and second pipes 40, 41 are connected to the common pipe 39. The first and second pipes 40, 41 are provided with first and second electromagnetic valves 42, 43 and first and second massflow controllers 44, 45, respectively. A fluorine gas (F2) supply source 46 and an oxygen gas (O2) supply source 47 configured by, for example, cylinders are connected to the tips of the first and second pipes 40, 41, respectively.
Next, a case is described where the RIE apparatus having the configuration described above is used to perform the dry etching of the silicon nitride film 22 on the intrinsic amorphous silicon film 21 when the processing target material 35 mounted on the upper surface of the high-frequency electrode 32 is in a state shown in FIG. 2. First, the vacuum pump 37 is driven to discharge the gas in the reaction chamber 31, such that the pressure in the chamber 31 is reduced to 10 Pa.
Then, the first and second electromagnetic valves 42, 43 are opened simultaneously or successively, and thus, a fluorine gas and an oxygen gas are supplied from the fluorine gas supply source 46 and the oxygen gas supply source 47 to the common pipe 39. Consequently, a mixed gas of the fluorine and oxygen gases is introduced from the common pipe 39 into the reaction container 31 through the gas introduction pipe 38. In this case, the flow volumes of the fluorine gas and the oxygen gas are adjusted by the first and second massflow controllers 44, 45, such that the flow volume of the fluorine gas (F2) is 100 sccm and the flow volume of the oxygen gas (O2) is 100 to 400 sccm. Moreover, a high-frequency power of 700W at 13.56 MHz is applied to the high-frequency electrode 32 from the high-frequency power source 34.
Thus, the silicon nitride film 22 except for the region under the resist film 23 is subjected to dry etching and removed, where the etching rate is about 2000 Å/min. In this case, if the exposed part of the silicon nitride film 22 is completely removed, the lower intrinsic amorphous silicon film 21 is partially exposed, and the exposed part of the intrinsic amorphous silicon film 21 is subjected to the dry etching to a certain degree and removed, where the etching rate is about 400 Å/min. Therefore, the selectivity in this case is about five times, which is practical. Moreover, the global warming potential of the fluorine gas is zero, which can make a great contribution to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
The fluorine gas supply source 46 may supply a fluorine gas diluted with one or a plurality of inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, neon and argon. For example, the flow volume of a fluorine gas diluted with a nitrogen gas at 20 vol % may be 500 sccm (the flow volume of the fluorine gas alone is 100 sccm), and the flow volume of an oxygen gas may be 100 to 400 sccm.
Furthermore, an inert gas supply source may be provided separately from the fluorine gas supply source 46 so that the mix gas may include an inert gas. Moreover, in each of the cases described above, the ratio of the flow volume of the oxygen gas to that of the fluorine gas is 1 to 4, but has only to be within 0.5 to 20. Further, the pressure in the reaction container 31 has only to be within 1 to 100 Pa.
Still further, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and modifications and improvements can be freely made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Previous Patent: FREQUENCY DOUBLING USING SPACER MASK
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text:
5th Aug 1987 1.85m/90kg Coach
In Felix Jones, Munster possessed one of the nation's most naturally talented players.
Pace, passing, ball fielding and elusive broken field running are all attributes Jones has in abundance. Jones, who won the 2007 under 20 Grand Slam with Ireland, made his Leinster debut in 2008, due to injury would only play once for the Dublin based province.
Jones' showcased his talents in Ireland's 2009 Churchill Cup victory, particularly as he tortured England 's defence in the final. Unfortunately, for Ireland and Munster, Jones sustained a serious neck injury against Connacht just seven games into his Munster career.
The injury would keep Jones' out for the best part of a year. Only three games after Jones' comeback from injury in September 2010, injury struck again, this time it was his knee and he was ruled out until March 2011.
Jones' began to impress once more and for Munster and was duly selected for Ireland's pre World Cup squad but, alas, in a game against France injury struck again, meaning he missed the 2011 World Cup and the 2012 6 Nations. Unfortunately, Jones was forced into an early retirement due to a neck injury sustained against Glasgow in October 2015.
Jones was named on the Ireland coaching ticket for the summer tour to USA & Japan. In June 2017, Jones signed a two-year contract extension with Munster.
May 2019 saw Jones refuse a contract extension with Munster, leaving the club at the end of the 2018/19 season.
In August, Jones joined the Springboks as a defence consultant for the period of the Rugby World Cup.
Seapoint RFC
Coach 2019 - present
Left Wing 2008 - 2008
Irish Wolfhounds
Fullback 2014 - 2014
Coach 2009 - 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Conversion (lat. conversio "Umwendung", "Umkehr") steht für:

 beim Rugby eine Möglichkeit, Punkte zu erzielen – siehe Versuch (Rugby)#Erhöhung
 in der Familie der American-Football-Sportarten eine Möglichkeit, Zusatzpunkte zu erzielen – siehe Two-Point Conversion

 im Tort law (Vereinigte Staaten) einen zivilrechtlichen Haftungstatbestand

Siehe auch:
 Konversion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


1.1 The websites www.grandhotels.co.il, www.grandcourt.co.il,www.grandbeach.co.il and www.grandhotels-israel.com are the official websites of J.M.S James Management LTD, # 513605188, for the Grand Court Hotel Jerusalem and Etablisment nahal Grand Beach hotel #557528510,for the Grand Beach Tel-Aviv (here are "the companies").
1.2 Every purchaser and/or person interested in purchasing services via the websites and/or anyone who enters the websites (from hereon in: "the purchaser"), makes a declaration and is obligated that he is aware of these regulations relating to the websites and agrees to the instructions contained therein, and he will not make a suit or claim, either directly or indirectly, against the websites and/or its operators and/or its owners and/or its managers and/or those working on its behalf Reservations made via the websites of accommodation (from hereon in: "the services") in the Grand Hotels is a binding procedure that is equivalent to reservations made via all other means through the Reservations Office.
1.3 Parts of the websites are written in the masculine form for the purpose of convenience only, but are aimed at men and women alike.
1.4 Every purchaser and/or person interested in purchasing services via the websites and/or anyone who enters the websites declares that all of the information or parts of it as shown via websites are the owner's property and are for personal use only.
1.5 Illegal use of this website or any of the information contained therein contravenes the copyright or the laws associated with them.
2.1 Grand Hotels Management and/or the operators of the website and/or the owners and/or the managers and/or whoever works on their behalf is not responsible for the fact that the system through which the website operates, be clean of viruses or other components that may cause damage to the personal computer of the purchaser at the time that he enters the website and/or purchases services via the website and/or uses the website in another manner.
2.2 Grand Hotels Management is not responsible for damage that is caused as a result of failure or delay during the time that the purchaser is trying to use the website, including using it in order to make a reservation.
2.3 Grand Hotels Management will not accept responsibility for any illegal activities on the website by a purchaser or any other person that is not under its control.
2.4 At any stage, Grand Hotels Management is qualified to cease or prevent communication or access of the purchaser to any part of the website.
3.1.1 The use of the website is for making reservations and giving information, using the website for any other purpose is illegal.
3.1.2 Reserving a room at the Grand Beach Hotel or the Grand Court Hotel can be done either through the reservation department in the hotels: Grand beach: 03-5433330, Grand Court Hotel Jerusalem: 02-5917779, or through this website.
3.1.3 Any purchaser who wishes to make a reservation through this website must type in his personal details including I.D. number or Passport number and credit card details.
3.2.1 When the purchaser wishes to purchase services via the websites, he will be asked to provide personal details (from hereon in: "details of the purchase"). The owners of the websites and/or the operators and/or those who own it and/or the managers and/or those working on their behalf are not responsible for human error made by the purchaser in typing the details of the purchase, including a mistake in the choice of the room type, the date, number of beds and any other service that was reserved by the purchaser via the website.
3.2.3 Any technical and/or other problem that prevents the purchaser from purchasing services via the websites.
3.2.4 Typing false details of purchase is a criminal offence. Legal steps will be taken against those who present false information, including claims for damages that could be caused to the website, to its operator and/or its owners and/or its managers and/or those working on their behalf.
3.3.1 Credit card details are required only to secure the reservation.
3.3.2 The purchaser will receive an automatic answer by email confirming the reservation, once all the credit card details have been provided.
3.3.3 The purchaser must print out this confirmation and present it to the reception, upon his arrival at the hotel. The confirmation of the reservation is done automatically, whereas the charge will only be made to the credit card upon arrival at the hotel.
4.1 Grand Hotels Management reserves the right to cancel or change the conditions related to the acceptance of reservations, as well as the prices published on the website.
4.2 Where the prices are displayed in dollars, the exchange will be calculated according to the representative rate fixed on that day by the Bank of Israel.
4.3 The stay of the purchaser will commence at 14.00 of the day of the reservation and end at 12.00 on the day of check out.
4.4 A baby is defined as up to 2 years and a child from 2 to 12 years, as regards the stay in the hotel.
4.5 There is no duplication of deals.
4.6 A reservation can be made only by an adult over the age of 18.
4.7 Children under the age of18 must be accompanied by an adult over the age of 21.
4.8 The number of places is limited and the implementation of the reservation is based on availability only.
4.9 All the pictures featured on the website are for illustrative purposes only. Since the pictures are displayed on the computer screen of the purchaser and/or on the printer of the purchaser's computer, there could be discrepancies and differences between the appearance of the products in the picture and their appearance in reality.
5.1.1 Canceling a reservation up to 48 hours before expected arrival date is without any cancellation fee. Within 48 hours, the reservation will be charged for one night for each room reserved and on the meal plan that was reserved.
5.2.1 During the months of August and holidays, cancellations can be made within 14 working days before the expected arrival date with no cancellation fee.
5.2.2 14 days prior to the arrival date at the hotel, full payment is required in order to secure the reservation.
5.2.3 If a reservation is cancelled within less than 14 working days, there will be a full cancellation fee.
5.2.4 In case of a no-show, the hotels have the right to decide whether or not to charge the full amount.
5.3.1 The rate is nonrefundable.
5.3.2 Full payment is required upon booking.
5.3.3 No refunds will be given.


Are you ready to explore your career options all in one place on a convenient Saturday morning? Find out about open jobs available, explore various degree and certificate education programs, find out about free technology programs with Google and Microsoft, dream big with Starbucks and pilot training, see part time and hiring for spouses, and so much more.
At this event produced by The Ranger, NW Airlifter and JBLM Living newspapers, and sponsored by USAA, everything from big employers such as Amazon.com, Starbucks and AAFES to small mom and pop shops will be there for both military and family members to start thinking about careers, as well as a large body of local and national colleges and training programs to help you get your training in place now for years to come. Explore careers in beauty, flight, music and film production, sportscasting, teaching,and more.
There will also be veteran run training programs such as apprenticeships and preferential hiring programs. Casinos will be on hand to show you how to become a dealer. You can chat with military programs to help you become a doctor or construction worker, as well as hiring programs on and off JBLM. Ideas on franchises to own, or how to be an entrepreneur is included too.
Spouses can find out about local jobs, or how to rep direct sales companies such as Avon and Scentsy.
The Ranger and NW Airlifter newspapers, along with USAA invite you to a Military DREAM BIG Fair where you can discover your options for an enriching life. It is all under one roof.


This recipe comes from the Ultimate Brownie book by Bruce Weinstein. I have made many recipes from this book and this one is my favorite! It is a rich and chewy brownie that is not too sweet. The bitterness from the cocoa nibs plays well with the chocolate, a perfect brownie for the adult pallet. Below is a paraphrased version of the recipe from the book. If you like brownies, this book would be a smart one to add to your library.
Preheat the oven to 350. Butter and flour a 9 inch square baking pan; set it aside. In a medium bowl, whisk the dry ingredients.
Place the butter and chocolate in the top of a double boiler set over simmering water. Stir constantly until half of the butter is melted. Remove the top of the double boiler bowl from the pot; continue stirring until all of the chocolate and butter are completely melted. Transfer the mixture to a large bowl and allow to cool for 10 minutes. Alternatively, you can melt to butter and chocolate in the microwave in short bursts, being careful not to burn the chocolate.
Beat the sugar into the melted chocolate until smooth and silky; about 6 minutes by hand or 3 minutes by mixer. Beat in the eggs one at a time, beat in vanilla. With a wooden spoon, beat in the cocoa nibs and the flour mixture until incorporated. Do not over mix.
Pour the batter into the prepared baking pan and bake for 20 minutes. The brownies are done when a toothpick inserted into the middle comes out with a few crumbs attached.


Comet ISON has survived perihelion. Where will it go and what will it do now? Check out the vid above, only a little over 2 minutes long. Obviously, there are many more cameras and vid-creators you can play with yourselves, since that's what you are good at, playing with yourselves, isn't everyone? Anyway, I digress. Check out ISON make it's approach, then escape away on the other side of the Sun, heading I believe Northish of Earth's orbit. Will we pass a debris field, or has all this just been a bunch of hype? Who knows? Comets are interesting though. Don't forget to check out http://helioviewer.org …and check out the Sun in all it's radiance. More to come, wide eyes open. Love to all.


DM/UD/COR-OF/035 - Shifting Or Modification Of 132 Kv Double Circuit Overhead Transmission Line Single Span Of North Central Railway Through Ehv Underground Cable Near Sahibabad Infringing Delhi Ghaziabad Meerut Rrts Corridor Of Ncrtc. Chainage 18220.
Shifting Or Modification Of 132 Kv Double Circuit Overhead Transmission Line Single Span Of North Central Railway Through Ehv Underground Cable Near Sahibabad Infringing Delhi Ghaziabad Meerut Rrts Corridor Of Ncrtc. Chainage 18220.


One of the most bizarre episodes most recently carried on this blog was the news of the Mi-26 crash in Sangin last month, not only for the dubious history of the operator, but also for the fact that the MSM did not touch the story.
However, there was a brief flurry of interest when later that month an Mi-8 crashed at Kandahar airbase, killing 18, but there was absolutely nothing written about the operator, Vertikal-T, which also has a very dubious history.
As to the British use of these helicopters, it is assumed, inter alia that these rather dubious operators were employed for their willingness to take risks and, especially, for their cheapness. However, it has also been admitted that the MoD does not deal directly with these operators but hires the helicopters through an intermediate company, Skylink, yet another operator with an extremely dubious history.
But what now emerges from unlikely source is the actual cost of these helicopters. This comes from a private background briefing note being used by MoD press officers for when they talk to the media about helicopters, where it is revealed that the contract "provides 340 hrs at a cost of around £3.9M per month" (figures the defence secretary would never give to Parliament).


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Ergo Update
Analysing developments impacting business
Telangana extends exemption granted to IT / ITES sector allowing them to have flexible working hours and to employ women in night shifts
On 25 July 2019, the Government of Telangana (Government) issued a notification (Notification) exempting all information technology enabled services (ITES) and information technology (IT) establishments in the state of Telangana from the coverage of sections 15, 16, 21, 23, 31 of the Telangana Shops and Establishments Act, 1988 (Act) for a period of 5 years with effect from 30 May 2018. The above-mentioned provisions prescribe opening and closing hours, daily and weekly hours of work, special provision for young persons, special provision for women and other holidays in an establishment, respectively.
CONDITIONS TO AVAIL THE EXEMPTION:
The exemptions under the Notification are subject to certain conditions, and any violation of such conditions may lead to revocation of the exemption granted to an establishment. The conditions to avail the exemptions are as follows:
Working hours: Weekly working hours for an employee shall be 48 hours. For work done beyond 48 hours, the employee shall be entitled to overtime wages.
Holidays: Each employee must be given 1 holiday per week. Further, every employee shall be given a compensatory holiday in lieu of notified holidays, with wages as per section 31(2) of the Act, if they work on notified holidays.
Night shift for young and women employees: Engagement of women employees during night shift is permitted subject to provision of adequate security during the course of employment and conveyance facility between their workplace and residence.
Identity cards: Every employee shall be provided with identity cards and all other welfare measures to which they are eligible as per the rules in force.
Background check of drivers: The companies must obtain bio-data of each driver and conduct pre-employment screening of the antecedents of all drivers employed on their own or through outsourcing. Details such as driving license, photographs, address, telephone / mobile number etc. of drivers should be available with the respective employers.
Pickup and drop facility: The schedule and route of the pickup and drop shall be decided by the supervisory officer of the company on every Monday (if Monday is holiday, the next working day in a week). In case of exigencies change of drivers / routes / shifts shall be allowed only with the prior knowledge of supervisory officers / employees. Careful selection of routes shall be made in such a way that no women employee shall be picked up first and dropped last. The company shall provide security guards for night shift vehicles with GPRS facilities. The designated supervisors of the company shall randomly check the vehicle on various routes. The company shall have a control room / travel desk for monitoring vehicle movements. The time after / before which security should be provided to women employees for cab drop offs / pickups should be specified (preferably before 6 am and after 8 pm).
Prohibition on disclosure of contact information: The telephone number particularly mobile numbers and addresses of the women employee shall not be disclosed to unauthorized persons.
Maintenance of records: General exemption from maintenance of various statutory registers in hard copies and recognition of soft copy of registers as sufficient compliance.
Removal of restrictions on working hours and engagement of women employees in the night shift is a welcome move since it encourages flexible working hours and greater participation of women in the workforce. Further, the Notification attempts to ensure that adequate safety and security measures are taken by companies for peaceful execution of the job at hand.
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On February 25th, 2018, my family and I left for NYC to board a cruise ship called the Norwegian Breakaway. My favorite part about boarding the ship in NYC was seeing the Statue Of Liberty for the first time. The process to board the cruise ship was long and tiring, but it was all worth it in the end. It was a long morning with much to be done, and the seven days to come would be memorable.
The first two days were spent at sea, just travelling to our first location: Port Canaveral, Florida. There were many activities my family and I engaged in these days to keep occupied. Between late night comedy shows, family game shows, hot tubs, and musicals, we all shared a laugh and a great time. One show we went to was called Rock of Ages, a musical featuring old rock songs with comedic dialogue. This show was probably my favorite because it was so entertaining. Another show that we saw while at sea was called Burn the Floor. This show featured jazz music, with people dancing, at some points upbeat and at some points calm. It was a good mix and made for a good experience.
The stops we made include: Port Canaveral, Florida, and the Great Stirrup Cay, a part of the Bahamas. A few days later, we arrived in The Great Stirrup Cay. This is a private island that not many people visit. In order to get to the island from the ship, everyone had to ride ferry boats over, which was about a five minute ride. The time spent at this island was a blast, and nothing like my family and I expected a private island experience to be like. There was music playing, an eye-catching ocean view, warm sand, hot sun, and air smelling of delicious food. We were at this island for the entire day, until about 7 pm. There was nothing that could have been better. Since it was so hot, I got a tan within an hour or two. After a few hours on this island, we were hot and ready to go back to the ship. Unfortunately, I forgot to drink a lot of water in the hot weather, so I just about blacked out on the ferry ride back. Our last stop was supposed to be to another area of the Bahamas, but it got cancelled because of the storm located up North. The captain figured that we should head back to NYC early because we would have to travel through the storm, an experience that was not very fun. The storm affected the Sea as well, so the waves were huge; rocking the ship back and forth very rapidly. This experience made many people seasick, my mom and I included.
The only other unfortunate experience that happened during our cruise was someone needing medical attention while we were out on the Sea. At this time, we were heading up North, and we had to head West in order to meet up with a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter to transport this person to a nearby hospital. The person was safe and in good hands. Other than this, everyone had a great time.
We met so many new people from different areas, including New Jersey, NYC, Maryland, and Albany. What I thought was awesome was the areas of the world that the cruise ship workers are originally from. I got to converse with some of the bar workers and restaurant workers who came from Philippines, China, Thailand, and India. One of the bar workers told me that he works on the cruise ship for eight months out of the year and goes home for four. Considering the diverse areas that people had come from, it was also neat to see people that came from the same State as me. I loved hearing all of the different accents as well. Overall, it was an experience I will never forget!


There are a number of awards available to be presented to worthy individuals, camps and organizations each year at the ACA Annual Conference. Individuals or camps may submit a nomination for consideration by the Awards committee of either the Alberta Camping Association or the Canadian Camping Association.
Thanks for your interest in the ACA Awards Program. Nominations for the 2018 awards are now open. Submission deadline is February 22, 2019. Awards will be presented at the 2019 Annual Conference Awards Banquet at Camp Kindle in March.


So just how Can you make your WordPress website faster? Well, if you're still using a generic shared web host, among the most effective options will, of course, be to simply change to a higher performance web host. However, what if you simply haven't got the money or time to make the switch?
Today, I will be taking an comprehensive look at a few of the leading caching plugins round. WP Rocket. In the following review, I will show you by just how much — and how readily — it could speed up your website (using real-life tests and actual data).
Caching Involves creating — and storing — a ready-made static (i.e. unchanging) version of your website on your server ready to display to visitors at a minute's notice. This reduces the demand for your site (and/or the consumer's browser) to communicate back and forth with the host to build the behind-the-scenes information that generates your website's web pages.
It's worth Pointing out that, when it comes to features independently, WP Rocket compares pretty favourably using its competitors. Granted, you're probably more curious about how much faster your site will probably be after installing WP Rocket (and rightfully so), but it is wonderful to know you are not missing out on any important features.
If you do Choose to explore the further settings and options WP Rocket provides, you will see it's a couple of tricks up its sleeve for possibly improving speed even further, like the choice to simply load media files (such as images) when the visitor reaches them on a webpage (a feature called Lazy Loading).
In fact, When the plugin has been uploaded and activated on your website, the cache will be automatically generated whenever someone visits the site. Everyone visiting your website thereafter should instantly start experiencing significantly quicker loading times. Simple!
WP Rocket Aims to remove all such confusion by being mechanically up-and-running right out of the box without being overly rigid that it is not able to deliver great results. After activating WP Rocket, you'll see only a couple of tabs around the admin panel, each with just a few easy-to-understand settings.
Of Course, it's suggested that you browse the online documentation to really see what this plugin can do and how much extra performance you can squeeze out of it, however, for all those in a rush (or using a zero technical interest from the ins-and-outs of caching), it's safe to say speeding up your website with WP Rocket couldn't be made easier.
The primary Selling point of WP Rocket is how easy it makes allowing caching on your site. With many other caching plugins, you're faced with the sometimes daunting task of knowing — and filling out — several pages of settings and options. Depending on how you configure them, you could easily wind up inadvertently doing something somewhat screwy (and even, in rare cases, inadvertently breaking your website ).
There is In addition, the option to modify the default cache expiry interval. But, unless you are displaying especially fast-changing or important external dynamic content on your own website (for instance, critical content from societal networking feeds), the default 24-hour lifespan should be fine.
One feature That's really nice here is your option to substitute YouTube video frames with a static preview picture. If you embed lots of YouTube videos on your site, this is a great way to speed up your website without sacrificing much, if anyusability.
· Remove query strings out of static sources (this one will not have a big impact, but it might enhance your GTmetrix score, even if you really care about that).
I recommend Enabling as a number of these configurations as you can. I state as possible because some of the settings for CSS or JS may cause issues with your website (this isn't WP Rocket's fault — it is always a potential issue with minification/concatenation).
Without Preloading, your website only"builds" the cache for a page when someone actually visits the page. That means the first visitor following the cache lifespan expires does not see the cached version (since the cache hasn't been built yet).
As You can find complimentary Plugins to do the first part, the next part, in addition to the fact that you're able to reserve CNAMEs for specific document types gives you more flexibility than many of these free options.
If you are using Cloudflare, WP Rocket also includes a committed Cloudflare add-on that could help you to get set up with Cloudflare and control specific facets of this Cloudflare service directly from the WP Rocket interface.
What's More, should you get stuck, the FAQ and service tabs make it incredibly easy to get into the online instruction, and even open a service ticket from within your WordPress dash — a lovely touch!
In General, WP Rocket aims to be everything to all people. On one hand, it's very simple to prepare and begin using on your website with default settings that truly create great results, nevertheless, on the other hand, there is also an appreciably large choice of configurations and options to appeal to more advanced users with specific needs, or people who demand more control over how caching works on their site.
Should You need to refresh everything from the cache, however (not just newly updated or altered content), it is possible to force WP Rocket to regenerate it from scratch. Going a step farther, you will also find options to have unrelated components of your site automatically regenerated if a new article, page, merchandise, remark, or another type of content gets added.
While Using WP Rocket from the box is quite straightforward, should you get stuck or need to know more of the ins and outs of how it works, there is quite a little high-quality documentation supplied — such as a getting started section, different tutorials, useful FAQs and a handy troubleshooting section.
As Mentioned at the peak of this guide, I had great results from using WP Rocket to cache my WordPress website. By testing the rate of my website using GTmetrix — with the default settings of WP Rocket and simply uploading and activating the plugin before creating the cache and running the tests — that the average page loading times dropped from 2.2 seconds to 0.9.
The site I tested the plugin was a WordPress blog using the free Twenty Twelve motif, with approximately 80 posts and 37 active plugins. The website is hosted on an entry level shared hosting plan in HostGator, and has no CDN in drama.
No two WordPress sites will be the same, however, so that these results may not be typical for many websites. They do, however, show that a very fundamental WordPress site on the cheapest hosting will almost surely be able to achieve significantly improved load times using the plugin.
Whether You opt to use WP Rocket in your website or not, there are a number of different ways to accelerate your WordPress site that is worth mentioning, such as.
With Prices starting at only $39 for use on a single WordPress website, WP Rocket is an affordable alternative for many. Additionally, there are some other strong free options available — for example WP Super Cache, and, for the technically minded, W3 Total Cache (to mention but 2 of many. If you're searching for something that's exceptionally easy to prepare and use, though, and also provides access to a very beneficial premium support desk, WP Rocket is a powerful contender.
All Options include one year's access to plugin updates and service. Following this period of time, you can keep on using the plugin or renew your licence to keep access. There is also a 30-day refund on offer in case you aren't entirely pleased with the plugin later purchase.
Most of The activities you'll be able to carry out to optimise the speed of your site take substantial time and effort — if that is optimising media files, reviewing and consolidating your plugins, then migrating to a new web host or altering themes. WP Rocket, on the other hand, can be implemented to your site in just a couple clicks.
What's More, if you are a WordPress freelancer, whether helping clients with their present sites or creating websites from scratch, having something such as WP Rocket in your toolkit may be of huge benefit. In just a couple of minutes, you'll be able to accelerate a customer's site and deliver them tangible results (in the form of'before and after' online rates evaluations ), also, when the best way to separate yourself from your competition would be to offer more value to this customer, things like this can definitely help.


On the benefits of extending hospitality to friends from far away.
"If it were not for guests all houses would be graves," wrote Kahlil Gabran. I believe 'grave' is an adequate description.
I have been into houses where it is evident I am the first guest in many years. The place often feels like the neglected wing of a museum: lifeless, sombre, and neat.
Throughout history and in most cultures, hospitality has been an important social function. In ancient Greece it was a sacred duty to accept passing strangers into your home. The same was true of the Middle Eastern cultures; a tradition which is said to continue to this day.
It is with this ancient tradition in mind that I welcomed two friends from Japan to my home in Wiltshire last weekend, and played the part of host as best I can.
Chieko and Shigeru are in a band called Eddy, and they have come to the UK to play live gigs in London and Scotland. I arranged their gigs in and around London and managed to get them three gigs; the remaining two are happening on 1 July in Guildford and 2 July in Brixton.
As a sign of thanks they gave me four cans of Japanese beer and a yukata. I drank the first beer during the England v. Germany game. I drank the remaining three immediately afterwards.
One of the great things about having guests from abroad is that they see all the things you are used to with fresh eyes.
Watching Chieko and Shigeru take photos of Devizes Marketplace made me think that rather than go on holiday to escape a place you are bored with, you should try inviting guests from another land.
They will be fascinated by all the things you take for granted, and their fascination may spread to you.
Chieko and Shigeru enjoyed the easygoing pace of the countryside and said they felt refreshed as we drove them to Great Bedwyn train station, passing the Pewsey white horse and Wilton Windmill on the way.
Returning to Devizes, I was surprised to meet a flock of sheep crossing the road. As I dug out my camera for a few pictures I thought that this probably happens every day in Wiltshire.
"But not to me", my mind countered, as I took half a dozen photos of sheep.
Great blog Tom. Your so right in seeing that we really do take for granted our beautiful surroundings!!
I thoroughly enjoyed this short read before sleeping.
Thank you Niki. It's true, it is so easy to take your home for granted. We all do it, which is why it can be so refreshing to look at familiar places in a new light. That's my experience anyway.


text:
Q: Sum elements of a vector beween zeros in R I have a vector with zeros and positives numbers. I would simply like to sum the numbers that are between the zeros.
A simple example:
x <- c(0,0,0,0,0,1,23,24,54,12,1,23,0,0,0,0,1,23,56,76,0,1,13)

That is, I want to sum the elements 1,23,24,54,12,1,23 , 1,23,56,76 and 1,13.
My desired output would therefore be:
138, 156 and 14.
I found this really similar question but it is on Python:
Sum elements of a list between zeros in Python
Thanks.

A: We can use tapply, creating groups with cumsum and take sum of each group.
new_x <- tapply(x, cumsum(x == 0), sum)
new_x

#  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9  10
#  0   0   0   0 138   0   0   0 156  14

Since all numbers are positive we can ignore the ones with 0 and filter the one which has value greater than 0.
new_x[new_x > 0]
#  5   9  10
#138 156  14

We can also follow the same logic with sapply and split
sapply(split(x, cumsum(x==0)), sum)

A: Here is a solution with data.table:
library("data.table")
x <- c(0,0,0,0,0,1,23,24,54,12,1,23,0,0,0,0,1,23,56,76,0,1,13)
s <- tapply(x, rleidv(x==0), sum)
s[s!=0]
# > s[s!=0]
#   2   4   6
# 138 156  14

A: Not very compact, but also does it. Use which and diff to locate positions in x where value changed from non-zero to zero. Use that info to sum relevant sub-vectors.
z <- which(x!=0)[diff(which(x!=0))>1] # 12 20
z <- c(1, z, length(x))+1 # 2 13 21 24
for(i in 1:(length(z)-1)){ print(sum(x[z[i]:z[i+1]], na.rm=T)) }

[1] 138
[1] 156
[1] 14

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This listing includes files to create these pencil toppers! Watch in amazement as your embroidery machine creates these adorable goodies in less than a minute! Files included create one, or sorted for 4×4 and 5×7 hoop!


Pietersite is a diversity of Chalcedony with enclosed amphibole minerals. These are needle-shaped crystals that produce the most beautiful colors.
Pietersite is a chalcedony variety with enclosed amphibole minerals. These are needle-shaped crystals that produce the most beautiful colors. When turning the stone it lights up different areas similar to tiger eye but in a greater color variance.
The colors of Pietersite vary from red to brown to yellow and blue. Often the different colors come together what gives pietersite a rare beauty. These Pietersite pieces are from South Africa, one of the few places in the world where this mineral is found.
Pietersite is also called the 'Stormstone'. This is because of its appearance that can take on stormy scenes. From Pietersite it's said that the stone contains a high energy level that increases personal will and focus. Furthermore, the stone provides protection against the elements and gives rest.


A website is a collection of web pages – documents that are accessed via the internet. You see a webpage when you type a web address into your browser, perform a search engine query or click a link.
It's how your visitors find you and your web pages.
You can make this related to your name (eg. drjohnsmith.com.au, your clinic – australiansurgerypartners.com.au or anything you like).
Domain names that are short, meaningful and memorable make it easier for visitors and search engines to find you.
Many people use their smart phones and tablets to search online. Websites that aren't mobile friendly squueze an entire site (one made for a desktop computer) onto the tiny screen.
It's ugly and not user friendly.
All our sites are made to look elegant and maintain functionality no matter what device your visitors are using.
A hosting service provides the technology required for a website and webpages to be viewed on the internet. Your website is hosted on special computers called servers.
With Medspace, your website will be hosted on a cloud server to give greater reliability and access to your content.
SEO stands for "search engine optimisation". This is a combination of systems, strategies and techniques employed to increase the number of visitors to your website.
When done properly, it increases the ranking of your website in the search engines,. Ie. Google, Bing, Yahoo.
We spend a lot of time curating your content to ensure that your site is optimised for your specialty and practice location.
Your website will initiate potential patients to seek further information about your services. They are able to contact your rooms via the click-to-call button, send an email or fill out an enquiry form.
Your website allows patients to make enquiries 24/7.
When should I create a website?
As soon as you are serious about building your practice! If you are going to build your practice you need somewhere to direct patients and referring colleagues.
Your website allows you to be found online and activate yourself as an authority in your specialty.
Print your web address on your business cards, marketing materials and place it on your LinkedIn and Facebook profiles.
I'll be going on my on fellowship soon? Is there a point creating a website?
Definitely. Many surgeons on fellowships get patient enquiries through their website before they have even started their private practice.
Medspace is a web design & digital marketing agency that is focused on developing effective websites.
We specialise in crafting unique and elegant websites for doctors and healthcare practitioners.
Medspace also offers a wide range of digital marketing services, including white-hat search engine ranking optimisation, pay-per-click campaign management and lead generation services.
We deliver an end-to-end online solution, so you can spend your time on what really matters… your patients.
Whether you are a surgeon, doctor or health practitioner, Time is your most valuable asset.
Why spend days or even months developing your website, when you can have it professionally designed, optimised for search rankings and delivered to you quickly – for less than what you would earn in a day?
Let Medspace handle all the technicalities and deliver to you a complete, professionally designed website that will attract more patients, advanced your practice, and activate you as an authority in your area of specialisation.
At Medspace, we help you help more patients.
Getting started with Medspace is as simple as completing a short 10-minute client profile. Thereafter, one of our sales consultants will be in touch to collaborate with you on your project – from start to finish.
The client profile allows us to collect all the necessary information about yourself and your practice, upon which we will be able to quickly develop an elegant website that effectively promotes your practice to prospective patients.
Why Purchase a Consultant Package?
The Consultant package is clearly illustrated in the Features table found here.
The Consultant package is aimed at specialist surgeons who are in private practice. From site design to SEO, professional photography to authority content, every aspect of the consultant plan is designed to advance the client's practice. And position the client as an authority in their area of specialty.
If you are a doctor or specialist surgeon, time is your most valuable asset. You may wish to invest in a Consultant package, and have an elegant professionally designed website created for your practice.
Our normal delivery time is between 2-4 weeks. With most projects completing in as quickly as 2 weeks.
The time required to deliver on projects is dependent on the availability and timeliness of information provided by our clients.
At Medspace, we understand that clients usually desire to receive their completed websites as soon as possible. And we always do our best to deliver on projects quickly.
Consultant level clients are eligible for the Premium SEO service while Essential clients enjoy the Basic SEO service. Below is a description of the SEO service we provide to our clients.
Medspace uses highly effective SEO optimisation strategies and only white-hat techniques. You can be assured that your website is Google-compliant and rank highly on Google and major engines.
Google Places/Local SEO – Be found on Google Maps!
*All SEO Packages are delivered as a One-Time Setup service within the 1st month. Optional Monthly SEO Packages are available at additional monthly rates.
Images are very important for a website. While we have a huge selection of stock images to use, it is YOUR website. And photos of you are important to build trust and connection with your patients.
A variety of professional pictures will make your website stand above the crowd.
How can I track the results of my website?
Medspace analyses your website with tracking software and sends you a quarterly report. These reports will allow you to track results such as website traffic, audience and which aspects of your website are performing better.


Freddy was a football who lived on a shelf in a sports store, but wanted to belong to someone who would love him. He had seen many of the other footballs, torn, patched and almost flat, brought back by boys looking for replacements. He was so happy when they came to buy baseballs and basketballs, instead of another football.
One day Freddy was sold with other footballs to some men who took him to a football stadium, where he was placed on a tee and became part of the game. After much pain and rough handling by the monsters in uniform, he sailed through the air for a touchdown. The monster who caught him then slammed him to the ground so hard he thought his laces had broken.
When placed in position for the field goal he was terrified of hitting the cross bar, but sailed through the uprights and into the arms of a little boy named Andy. Freddy finally found happiness in the arms of someone who loved him. He was now part of a family.
Freddy the Football is one of several stories that Jim had composed, while his four children were young. Jim always claimed that by reading his stories to them, it seemed to have a calming effect on the 'Fearsome Foursome' before bedtime. Long forgotten in a file cabinet, he has recently resurrected them to read to his Grandchildren, hoping to have the same effect.
Since the family has always enjoyed the stories, he decided to publish them as a means of preserving them for future generations of the family. Jim intends to publish his other books which include The Tale of a Toe, Rufus Tweed the Father of Greed and The Krankel Family, a book for each of his beloved foursome.


text:
Vittima e omicida (Cries Unheard: The Donna Yaklich Story) è un film per la televisione del 1994 diretto da Armand Mastroianni.

Trama
Un giorno, Donna Yaklich, incontra un poliziotto, Dennis, con il quale nascerà una romantica storia d'amore.
Ma Dennis, ossessionato con la muscolatura e i suoi steroidi diventa aggressivo e Donna decide così di lasciarlo. Lui però non lo accetta e farà di tutto per riaverla.

Collegamenti esterni


text:
Iconic troubador, actor, poet
Browse Song Catalog: BMI
1936 Born
The "Me" in "Me and Bobby McGee"
Over the course of a 5 decade career, Kris Kristofferson's songs have been recorded by artists from Waylon Jennings ("The Taker") to Janis Joplin ("Me and Bobby McGhee").
Kristofferson was born on June 22, 1936 in Brownsville, Texas. The oldest of three children, Kristofferson showed an early talent for writing and secured a Rhodes scholarship to Oxford University in England. At Oxford, Kristofferson first started writing and performing his own songs. He recorded an album for Top Rank Records under the alias Kris Carson to little success and left England in 1960 after graduating with a masters degree from Oxford. During the early 1960's, he served in the US army quickly rising in the ranks and eventually securing a position at West Point military academy.
It wasn't until 1966 that Kristofferson had his first success as a songwriter with "Viet Nam Blue." Recorded by Dave Dudley, the song peaked in the Country Top 20. The next 4 years saw more success for Kristofferson: Roy Drusky hit the country Top 40 with "Jody and the Kid;" Billy Walker and the Tennessee Walkers recording of "From the Bottle to the Bottom" reached the top 20 in 1969; Roger Miller released his recording of "Me and Bobby McGee," which reached the country top 20; Ray Stevens released "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down" entering both the pop and country charts; Faron Young released "Your Time's Comin'" which peaked in the Country top five.
During the 1970's, '80's and 90's, continued penning hit songs including "Help Me Make It Through the Night," "I Won't Mention It Again" and "Please Don't Tell Me How the Story Ends." He also embarked on a successful performing artist and acting career, appearing in more than 15 films and touring with the Highwaymen Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings and Johnny Cash.
48 BMI Country and Pop Awards; Honored with SHOF's highest accolade, the Johnny Mercer Award, in 2006
Scroll to Discover Kris Kristofferson Connections
Dolly Parton Fred Rose Harlan Howard Jimmie Rodgers Willie Nelson Woody Guthrie Waylon Jennings Johnny Cash Dolly Parton Fred Rose Harlan Howard Jimmie Rodgers Willie Nelson Woody Guthrie
Kris Kristofferson at:


This vintage style hair flower clip is made from reproduction vintage millinery supply. Dreamy anemones with mixed velvet, silk, and tulle petals of light pink blush each have black stamens surrounding curly brown yarn centers and are set together atop green leaves and buds.
> Size: Approximately 3" x 5"
Red Hair Flower Clip, 1950s Floral Fascinator, Red Hair Accessory, Vintage Headpiece, Dahlia Hair Piece Womens Retro - "Summer's First Kiss"
White Hair Flower, Large Flower Fascinator, Pinup Hair Flower Clip, White Floral Clip, Hair Accessory, 1950s Poppy - "Starry Eyed Splendor"
Orchid Hair Clip, Coral Pink Fascinator, Tropical Headpiece, 1950s Floral Headband, Flower Clip Adult - "Papaya Berry"
Blush Pink Fascinator, Bridal Hair Flower, Wedding Headpiece, Floral Hair Clip, Vintage Hair 1950s, Peony Hairpiece - "Pink Champagne"
Large Hair Flower, Pink Fascinator, Dusty Pink Hair Clip, Mauve Hair Accessory, 1950s Floral Headpiece Pinup Hair - "Pick Me Up in Paradise"


text:
When it Comes to Administrative Expenses Under Section 503(b) of the Bankruptcy Code, Hindsight Isn't Always 20/20
Apr 16, 2014 |
Contributed by Christopher Hopkins
An important factor in many successful chapter 11 reorganizations is the debtor's ability to procure necessary goods and services postpetition. Without some additional incentive, however, third parties would be unlikely — if not altogether unwilling — to do business with a debtor postpetition. To this end, the Bankruptcy Code includes a number of provisions aimed at encouraging third parties to conduct business with chapter 11 debtors. One of the Bankruptcy Code's most powerful incentives in this regard is section 507(a)(2)'s grant of priority for the "actual, necessary costs and expenses of preserving the estate" allowed as administrative expenses under section 503(b)(1). These provisions ensure that vendors providing postpetition goods and services to the debtor will generally receive payment ahead of the debtor's prepetition unsecured creditors.
More often than not, the debtor does not dispute that goods and services provided to the debtor postpetition qualify as "actual and necessary." If a dispute does arise, though, the party seeking payment must move for allowance and payment of its claim as an administrative expense under section 503(b). As a general matter, a movant may establish a prima facie case for section 503(b) allowance by showing that the claim (i) arose from a transaction with the debtor and (ii) benefitted the debtor's estate. The "benefit" requirement has no independent basis in the Bankruptcy Code. Rather, it is merely a way of testing whether a particular expense was "necessary" to the estate.
Parties seeking allowance under section 503(b) often face opposition from other interested parties (typically, prepetition unsecured creditors) that challenge the allowance of the claim on the grounds that it does not benefit the estate. What happens if it is the debtor that opposes the motion — with the benefit of hindsight, and only after the third party has performed under the contract — on the grounds that the goods or services provided did not actually benefit the estate? As odd as this may seem, that is precisely what happened in In re ATP Oil & Gas Corp.
ATP Oil involved a severe case of buyer's remorse. After filing for bankruptcy, ATP Oil & Gas entered into a contract with Omega Natchiq whereby Omega agreed to provide various repair and maintenance services — all at ATP's direction — to various properties operated by ATP. One of these properties, a production platform known as the "Innovator," later became the subject of a "shut-in order" issued by the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. ATP timely complied with the shut-in order.
Throughout this period, Omega continued to perform under its agreement with ATP. In addition to its normal repair and maintenance services, Omega performed certain "safe out" work related to making the Innovator safe for abandonment after ATP received the shut-in order. Omega diligently submitted invoices for the work it performed, and there was no dispute as to the amount owed or the quality of Omega's work. Nonetheless, ATP Oil did not pay Omega, and Omega was forced to file a motion seeking allowance of the amounts it was owed as an administrative expense under section 503(b).
ATP opposed the motion, arguing that Omega had failed to adequately describe how the services benefitted the estate. In fact, ATP flatly asserted that, even though Omega performed services that ATP, in its own business judgment, directed Omega to perform, such services ultimately failed to benefit the estate. ATP argued that because Omega's services did not benefit "the continuation of [its] business as a going concern," Omega was not entitled to an administrative expense.
The United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas rejected ATP's arguments and found that Omega was entitled to an administrative expense for all of the postpetition services it provided to ATP. The court rejected ATP's interpretation of the benefit requirement as too narrow, finding instead that the benefit requirement can be satisfied even though the services did not increase ATP's production capacity and were ultimately unprofitable for the estate. The court divided Omega's services into three categories, based largely on the timing and character of the services provided, and explained why each category of services benefitted the estate.
A. Pre-Shut-In Services
The court refused to find that the services Omega performed on the Innovator prior to the shut-in order did not benefit the estate solely because ATP was subsequently unable to sell that property. Because Omega's services prevented the "deterioration and corrosion" of the Innovator and were deemed necessary by ATP when it directed Omega to perform them, the court found that these services satisfied the benefit requirement and, accordingly, Omega was entitled to an administrative expense for the amounts it charged for such services.
B. Post-Shut-In Services
The court also found that Omega's post-shut-in repair and maintenance services were entitled to administrative expense under section 503(b) even though such services were unnecessary because the Innovator could no longer be operated or sold as a result of the shut-in order. ATP argued that Omega should have known of the shut-in order and ceased providing such services once it realized they would no longer benefit the estate. Further, ATP alleged that allowing Omega an administrative expense for such services would "encourage similarly situated vendors of troubled debtors to hide their heads in the sand to the detriment of the debtors' estates." But again the court rejected ATP's argument, reasoning that the debtor in possession — rather than the vendor — is better suited to make business judgments on what services are beneficial to the estate. The court stated that placing such a requirement on third parties would chill the vendor's willingness to provide goods and services, diminishing both the effectiveness of section 503(b)'s incentives and the debtor's chances of a successful rehabilitation.
C. Safe Out Work
The court held that Omega's safe out work — work performed solely to make the Innovator safe for abandonment —provided sufficient benefits to ATP to entitle Omega to an administrative expense for such work. Here, the court relied on ATP's obligation under state law to make the Innovator safe for abandonment and reasoned that "expenses incurred to bring a debtor into compliance with state law are actual and necessary costs" of preserving the estate.
The final nail in ATP's coffin was the court's holding that Omega was entitled to an administrative expense regardless of whether its services benefitted the estate under the Supreme Court's so-called "Reading Exception." In Reading, the Supreme Court stated that "actual and necessary costs of preserving the estate should include costs ordinarily incident to the operation of a business." Similarly, the bankruptcy court in ATP Oil found that, to the extent that Omega's services may not have conferred an "actual benefit" on ATP's estate, Omega was still entitled to an administrative expense under the Reading Exception as the costs were "incidental" to the operation of ATP's business.
Section 503(b)(1) of the Bankruptcy Code aims to encourage third parties to continue to provide goods and services to the debtor postpetition so that the debtor may successfully reorganize its business. ATP Oil advances this purpose by shielding third parties from an ex-post determination by a debtor that the goods and services provided did not ultimately benefit the estate. The debtor, as the party most familiar with its own business, is in the best position to determine whether a particular cost or expense is actual and necessary for the preservation of the estate. To hold otherwise would chill third parties' willingness to do business with a debtor.


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Well, I'm from India and a native Hindi speaker. I often find quite a few similar words with a little spelling change as Indonesia has been heavily influenced by Hinduism in the past before spread of Islam.
Thank you for the link, it's a nice article.
Do you also like the (Pandawa Lima) T-shirt that is shown there ?
Those are "Wayang kulit", shadow puppets made of leather.
That's how the story of Mahabharata & Ramayana is being told.
BTW, totally off-topic, but I just need to know for sure.....what is the Hindi word for black/white pepper?
Please tell me, what is the Hindi word for this spice?
Hey Rick, I think their culture has been gradually evolved with time and has been fusioned by all the religions especially Hinduism and later, by Islam.
Majority indonesian people leaves Hinduism because because Hindu religion discriminates against lower castes.
Islam come to remove caste, and teach all human beings are the same in the eyes of God, in good deeds, not because of their descent, wealth or position.
Should it sound like "kaber"?
Both "a" should sound the same and should sound like "a".
Unfortunately I cannot replay the audio on this page.
The blue speaker button does not work on the sentence discussion pages.
What are the two words? What do they mean separately? Is it "What is new?"
Yeah it directly translates to "what news".
Apa kabar = how are you? Kabar apa or kabar apa itu = what's the news? Apa itu kabar = what news is?


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Blog American power: The War Against China
American power: The War Against China
American power: The ongoing war with China
For once we hope we are 100% wrong for the effects on China and any country that attempts to support it are going to range from painful to extremely brutal. Please also note, we only discuss issues based on trends; we don't have an emotional stake to a given outcome. In other words, our analysis is based on trend analysis and not emotions.
The rhetoric has started, and it's about to get explosive. Trump fired the first shot by calling it the China virus, and he fired the second shot by signing a new agreement with Taiwan which promises to protect them and also punish nations that purposely try to isolate Taiwan because of mounting pressure from China.
Now the Brits are Turing on the heat too
China has deliberately spread disinformation about coronavirus since the beginning of the outbreak, according to a damning report by M.P.s. People have died as a result of China withholding information about the extent of the spread of COVID-19, said the report by the Commons Foreign Affairs Committee. Iran and Russia have also been deliberately spreading disinformation about the outbreak, M.P.s warned.
The committee pointed to the case of Li Wenliang, the doctor in Wuhan who was "silenced" after he first raised the alarm about the new disease, detailing how he was forced to confess to "making false comments". He said: "Rather than helping other countries prepare a swift and strong response, it is increasingly apparent that they manipulated vital information about the virus in order to protect the regime's image. "The Government needs to tackle these lies with a clear and quick response, working with our allies to show a united front in the face of false facts and deadly disinformation" https://yhoo.it/3dVGgZA .
Even Iran Has joined the criticism bandwagon
"It seems statistics from China [were] a bitter joke, because many in the world thought this is just like influenza, with fewer deaths," Jahanpur said during a video conference in remarks translated by Radio Farda. "This [impression] were based on reports from China and now it seems China made a bitter joke with the rest of the world. Jahanpur added, "If in China they say an epidemic was controlled in two months, one should really think about it." https://bit.ly/3e5rgbR
The intelligence briefings in recent weeks, based at least in part on information from C.I.A. assets in China, played an important role in President Trump's negotiation on Thursday of an apparent détente with President Xi Jinping of China. Since then, both countries have ratcheted back criticism of each other. https://nyti.ms/3bWVxro
And the rhetoric continues to increase
American Power is going to be used to push as many nations as possible to gang up on China. China will now find that the tables are turned, as America will use the same ploy that China used against Taiwan. Note that the U.S. is now comparing the coronavirus to 911 and Pearl Harbour, both are psychological trigger points and that are meant to elicit a strong response. The crowd is being incepted (watch the movie inception if you don't know what this means) for the final coup de tat. No matter how one cuts it, China is now in America's crosshairs, and America has never backed down once they have identified a target. The only question left is; how hard will they strike?
Sen. Lindsey Graham: The World should send China the bill for the coronavirus pandemic
https://yhoo.it/3e0iHPp
The video is telling; for the moment, he is suggesting that China foot the bill for the coronavirus. In the future, both the democrats and republicans will be barge out of the room guns blazing.
Time to put China on lockdown for its dishonesty amid coronavirus crisis
There are many lessons to be learned from the Wuhan coronavirus pandemic. But one is already clear: China needs to be isolated from the civilized world until its behavior improves. We are in the current situation, with deaths and economic devastation worldwide, because China handled this outbreak with its trademark mixture of dishonesty, incompetence and thuggery. Were China a more civilized nation, this outbreak would have been stopped early, and with far less harm, inside and outside of China. According to U.S. intelligence agencies, China systematically deceived the world about the extent of the outbreak, lulling other nations into a false sense of security that delayed a response by weeks or even months.
As Smith writes: "Beijing denied until Jan. 20 that human to human transmission was occurring. Yet at the same time, Chinese officials and state-owned companies were urgently acquiring bulk medical supplies — especially personal protective equipment like masks and gloves — from Australia, Europe, and around the World. Put simply, Beijing hoarded the world's life-saving resources while falsely claiming that people's lives weren't at risk." https://yhoo.it/2xTCrDF
America is going to flex its muscles in ways that have not been seen before. These stories serve as a preview for what lies in store. The coming war with China is going to be used to serve notice to all nations that they are only two options; you are with us, or you are against us. To understand how much power America has consider the following:
Every major AI company is domiciled in America, a U.S. company owns every Major Social media outlet, and most of the major media outlets are U.S. owned. And those that are not can be brought to heel. To top it off, the U.S. has the Worlds most powerful army and a military budget that is bigger than many country's G.D.P.'s. Last but not least, the U.S. dollar is the world's reserve currency. 90% of the war against China is going to be fought without firing a single bullet because the coronavirus has shown the big players just how powerful a weapon social media is.
India says it will ship hydroxychloroquine to U.S. after Trump threatens retaliation
Under pressure from President Trump, the Indian government Tuesday lifted a ban on the export of hydroxychloroquine, paving the way for the anti-malaria drug to be shipped to the U.S. for use against the coronavirus. The decision came after Trump appealed to Indian Prime Minster Narendra Modi in a phone call, then told a White House news conference Monday that India could face "retaliation" if it didn't release the drug. https://yhoo.it/39S2gRY
The first shot fired against another country other than China, gently warning the World that America will no longer take no for an answer. Once again we hope that we are wrong as the outlook for opposing nations is going to be far from rosy, and unfortunately, as is the case in all wars, the innocent always pay the most substantial price.
China's F.X. Reserves Drop More Than Expected on Strong Dollar
China's foreign-currency holdings fell in March by the most since late 2016, as asset prices fell and a stronger dollar pushed down the value of reserves held in other currencies. Reserves fell to $3.0606 trillion from $3.1067 trillion in the previous month, the People's Bank of China said Tuesday. https://yhoo.it/2yHPGYC
By the time this war ends, China's reserves could be half that. For the record, we are not in favour of this outcome. When we examine trends, we park our emotions outside the door, for emotions and trend analysis don't mix. However, given the anger that this coronavirus pandemic is generating, it will not be hard for the U.S. to gather a plethora of willing allies to tackle China. Unfortunately, the people of China will also suffer; the individuals that should be made to pay should be the government officials that went out of their way to distort the truth about the seriousness of the coronavirus situation in china.
China steps up western media campaign over coronavirus crisis
The Chinese state is ramping up its English-language media campaigns in a bid to defend the country's handling of the coronavirus crisis, highlight the failings of western governments, and raise China's standing on the world stage.
Photographs of Chinese aid – dubbed "facemask diplomacy" – arriving at Heathrow on Saturday including boxes labelled "Keep Calm and Cure Coronavirus" have been promoted to U.K. audiences by the Xinhua news agency. Some younger Chinese diplomats have used English-language Twitter, which is banned within China, to spread false suggestions that the virus may have been started by the west to discredit the Chinese state. Prof Kerry Brown, an associate fellow on the Asia-Pacific programme at the thinktank Chatham House, suggested the country was trying to turn a national disaster into a global triumph: "They're trying to push back against some of the politicisation of this in America and to try to get control of the narrative before it spirals out of control." https://bit.ly/3aQHweL
And this time it won't work as the Push back from the U.S., and its Allies (Britain, France, Spain, Italy, Germany, etc) is going to be massive. The Brits are already fuming and should Boris health condition deteriorate even further, then all we can say is that the enormous keg of dynamite will explode a lot faster.
How WHO Became China's Coronavirus Accomplice
Most critically, Beijing succeeded from the start in steering the World Health Organization (WHO), which both receives funding from China and is dependent on the regime of the Communist Party on many levels. Its international experts didn't get access to the country until Director-General Tedros Adhanom visited President Xi Jinping at the end of January. Before then, WHO was uncritically repeating information from the Chinese authorities, ignoring warnings from Taiwanese doctors—unrepresented in WHO, which is a United Nations body—and reluctant to declare a "public health emergency of international concern," denying after a meeting Jan. 22 that there was any need to do so.
After the Beijing visit, though, WHO said in a statement that it appreciated "especially the commitment from top leadership, and the transparency they have demonstrated." Only after the meeting did it declared, on Jan. 30, a public health emergency of international concern. And after China reported only a few new cases each day, WHO declared the coronavirus a pandemic March 11—even though it had spread globally weeks before. https://bit.ly/34haD8g
You are going to see a host of stories like this being used to attack China's response to the coronavirus. Whether they are true or not is irrelevant, for everyone witnessed at how the masses let logic fly out of the window and stampeded for the exits when the media changed the narrative in terms of the Coronavirus pandemic. There is suddenly going to be a massive spike in negative articles in regards to China's handling of the Coronavirus situation.
A Slap in the Face': Chinese Readers Share Their Coronavirus Stories
The New York Times asked Chinese readers all over the world to share their views on how the country responded to the coronavirus outbreak, which originated in Hubei Province in central China. We heard from readers in Europe, Australia, China and the United States. One was living just miles from the market in Wuhan that is considered by many experts to be ground zero for the virus.
When the outbreak occurred, I was living about three miles north of the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan. I must have been one of the first people to have seen and been alarmed by Dr. Li Wenliang's screenshots on WeChat. That day I immediately ordered masks and disinfectant online for my family, and asked them not to leave our building complex unless there was something urgent. But then because the government dispelled the so-called rumors over and over again and blocked information, almost everyone began to let their guard down, and I was no exception. https://nyti.ms/2XilayQ
There are stories there from Chinese nationals that are against and supportive of China's actions. However, negativity sells, so the negative comments will be the ones that are remembered the most and those comments will be twisted and blown out of proportion. The whole point of this exercise is to point out that except for select companies, investing in China is going to be fraught with risk for the foreseeable future as American power is going to be used to crush Chinese companies, starting with Huawei. If you have real estate there and you can sell it at a reasonable price, then now would be the time to get out of Chinese real estate, because that rebound many have been waiting for is not going to come to pass soon.
Smart Money Acting Like Dumb Money
Market Crash 2020 Or Is This A Manufactured Crisis?
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The Angry Mob & The New Polarised World
Social Unrest And The US Dollar
Stock Buying Opportunity Courtesy Of Coronavirus
Market Trends: Focus on Fact And Not Fiction
Insider Buying And The Coronavirus Pandemic
Market Correction 2020; Long Term Trend Still Intact
Stock Trends & The Corona Virus Factor
Misdirection And Upcoming Trends For 2020 And Beyond
Trading The Markets & Investor Sentiment


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Watch: Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds perform haunting 'Rings of Saturn' on Colbert
Tour Dates, TV, Video
Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds are in New York City for a two-night stand at the Beacon Theatre, and between those two gigs, managed to slip in a rare late-night TV appearance, performing the haunting song "Rings of Saturn" off the band's new Skeleton Tree album on "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" last night. Watch the full performance below.
The Bad Seeds — who have just released a multi-format carreer retrospective called Lovely Creatures — play the Beacon again tonight, then head west for the second half of their U.S. tour.
Watch the performance, and see the remainng tour dates, below.
Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds' North American tour dates:
June 14: Beacon Theatre, New York, NY
June 16: Auditorium Theatre, Chicago, IL
June 18: Paramount Theatre, Denver, CO
June 19: Kingsbury Hall, Salt Lake City, UT
June 21: Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, Portland, OR
June 22: Queen Elizabeth Theatre, Vancouver, B.C.
June 24: Greek Theatre, Berkeley, CA
June 26: San Diego Civic Theatre, San Diego, CA
June 28: The Theatre at Ace Hotel, Los Angeles, CA
June 29: Greek Theatre, Los Angeles, CA
Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds to release sprawling new best-of 'Lovely Creatures'
Video: Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds, 'We No Who U R' — first single off new album
Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds announce North American tour for 'Push the Sky Away'
Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds to release new album 'Push the Sky Away' in February
Tags: Lovely Creatures, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, Skeleton Tree, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert


text:
Pyrga steht für:

 Pyrga (Bezirk Larnaka), Ort im Bezirk Larnaka in der Republik Zypern
 Pyrga/Pirhan, Ort in Distrikt Gazimağusa in Nordzypern (de jure Bezirk Famagusta, Republik Zypern)


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Hosted by Gannon University's Small Business Development Center (SBDC), the annual Women in Leadership Development (WILD) Conference offers an opportunity to empower professional and enterprising women with knowledge, energy and passion. Here, Maggie Horne, Gannon SBDC's director, shares what's planned for the 2019 event on May 2 in Erie and the April 4 event in Mercer, Pennsylvania.
The WILD Conference has been a great educational opportunity for women leaders in the tri-state region for 12 years now. What's planned for the Erie event on May 2?
Our theme for this year is inspiration. The speakers and breakout sessions are designed to inspire conference attendees both personally and professionally. The program for this year's conference includes Karla Wludyga, opening keynote speaker, four breakout sessions and Donna Reese, closing keynote speaker.
Tell us more about the keynote speaker and what guests can expect to hear.
Both of our keynote speakers are known to the Erie community. Keynote speaker Karla Wludyga, who managed communications for the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and was director of Leadership Cleveland, kicks off the program with an inspiring message of growing in leadership and confidence, while keynote speaker, Donna Reese, closes the program with her personal and professional story of finding inspiration within yourself to overcome challenging situations.
What are some highlights of the Erie event, such as the annual Legacy Award winner?
There will be a twist to our Legacy Award tradition this year. It has been decided that we will honor the legacy of longtime SBDC Senior Business Consultant John Snyder, who recently passed away. John worked in the background for 11 years to make sure WILD was a success and we look forward to honoring his legacy.
The Gannon SBDC also will be hosting a WILD Conference in Mercer County. Tell us about the second location and what's happening.
We kicked off WILD About Mercer last year with great success! This year, the theme is technology and will feature Google speaker Randi Penfil. Programming includes digital marketing tips and techniques and a panel discussion. The event will be held on April 4 at the Park Inn in West Middlesex.
Why do you believe there is such a strong need for women leadership events today?
Women continue to face challenges in reaching their personal and professional goals. We continue to need positive role models, as well as a learning environment that addresses those challenges in a realistic and solution-based approach. With the balance of inspirational speakers and programming, WILD strives to be a part of the solution — and an inspiration to woman leaders.
How can people register or learn more about the WILD events?
Follow us on Facebook @WILDGannonSBDC and @WILDAboutMercer. Registration and information also can be found online at wildconf.org.
I'm often asked if there is still a need for an event such as WILD, and I think there is. While women have made great strides in many areas of endeavor, there's still much progress to be made. That's where leadership and inspiration come in. With those qualities and with the strength of shared energy, we hope to make a better world.


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According to the analyzed data, purple is the trend color for this year. So the Concept Free Google Slides Theme was created to satisfy that. Comes with this perfect color scheme, which is a fitting font and a tight layout. All of them create a powerful template, which will catch the attention of the audience. Let your audience see how fresh and professional you are by using the Concept Free Google Slides Theme today!


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Bothryopneustes is een geslacht van uitgestorven zee-egels uit de familie Nucleolitidae. Vertegenwoordigers van dit geslacht zijn slechts als fossiel bekend.

Soorten
 Bothryopneustes besairiei , 1936 †
 Bothryopneustes galhauseni , 1933 †

Uitgestorven zee-egels
Irregularia