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Inicio / Globalization, development and governance / The pandemic's impact on globalisation
Iliana Olivié
Manuel Gracia Santos
// Posted on 16 Nov 2021
Original version in Spanish: Así impactó la pandemia en la globalización.
This paper is the latest update of previous analyses of the impact of the pandemic on globalisation, seen through the results of the Elcano Global Presence Index.
The magnitude of the pandemic has led to a proliferation of analyses of its potential impact on international relations and the globalisation process. In previous publications we have used the Elcano Global Presence Index to contribute to the debate, using estimates of the behaviour of its components. Thus, we made a first estimate in the spring of 2020, which we updated during the autumn of that year and, again, in the spring of 2021. We are now updating our analysis anew, on the basis of data that in several cases are more precise than those used in previous publications, since they are now being replaced by observations from the Index's sources.
This last analysis of the series follows a similar structure to the previous ones. After presenting some methodological considerations, we address the behaviour of the Index variables in their economic, military and soft dimensions.
The results confirm our previous work: a de-globalisation is observed coinciding with the pandemic, particularly in its economic dimension, consolidating or accelerating the trend of recent years towards a softer globalisation. The impact is also greater than predicted, due to several variables behaving differently than expected, particularly the military and soft dimensions.
It remains to be seen how much of this behaviour is cyclical in the face of the pandemic and how much will become structural features of a new stage of globalisation, which will be observed in future editions of the Elcano Global Presence Index.
Since the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the pandemic in March 2020, the Elcano Royal Institute has devoted much of its activity to analysing the effects of the pandemic on various aspects of international relations and global affairs. Among these is the effect on globalisation, seen from both the angle of its governance and also in reference to the speed and nature of the phenomenon.
For the latter, we have used, among other tools, the Elcano Global Presence Index. By including the external projection of 140 countries in the economic, military and soft dimensions, its aggregation could be considered to capture the speed and nature (in permanent transformation) of the globalisation process (Figure 1). Thus, as early as April 2020 we dared to anticipate what the effect of the pandemic could be on each of the 16 variables of the Index. We wanted to work out how the health crisis might end up affecting a process of internationalisation, already faltering since the years before the pandemic, and undergoing a profound transformation towards a less economic, softer and, above all, more technological and digital nature.
This last analysis in the series follows a similar structure to the previous ones. The following section contains some methodological considerations and then reviews, in sections 2 to 4, the behaviour of the variables of the Index in its economic, military and soft dimensions.
(1) Looking at the pandemic and globalisation from the perspective of the Elcano Global Presence Index
For that first analysis, the absence of previous similar statistically-documented episodes led us to predict the behaviour of the variables of the Index by drawing parallels with the Great Recession, over 10 years ago. We also drew different scenarios, more or less pessimistic, about the depth of the looming crisis.
However, various international organisations such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) reacted quickly, making an unprecedented statistical and communication effort that made it possible to generate statistics (forecasts or even near real-time observations) in record time, on the very diverse effects that the pandemic could have.
Thus, in a second and third analysis, published in autumn 2020 and spring 2021, we were able to replace, to a large extent, our own forecasts with those of the usual sources of the Elcano Global Presence Index, or with those of parallel variables that could serve as proxies.
Already in this third analysis, several of the sources of the indicators that make up the Index had managed to capture the behaviour of the indicators in the year 2020. This is the case, for example, of the OECD, which in April 2021 published provisional data on official development assistance (ODA) that, by the way, contradicted all forecasts that predicted a slump in the OECD's solidarity effort (at a time of tough social and economic adjustments in these economies). OECD figures pointed to a new historical record for aid from the so-called traditional donors.
With this fourth and final analysis we close the series with which we sought to anticipate the effects of the pandemic on (de)globalisation. We do so for two reasons. First, as will be seen in the following sections, almost all of the indicators that make up the Elcano Global Presence Index already have records for 2020. That is, we already know what the effect of the pandemic has been on globalisation (which incidentally allows us to eliminate the three scenarios of previous publications). Secondly, the Index takes about two years to incorporate global transformations. In 2022 we will be publishing the 2021 edition, which will be constructed with data observed for 2020 for most variables. In short, the next edition of the Index will already incorporate the effects of the pandemic in the calculation of globalisation, but also in that of the external projection of each of the 150 countries for which it will be calculated.
It could be argued that the pandemic is far from over for much of the world's population. While the incidence of the disease has been relatively evenly distributed between the North and the global South, vaccination has not. At the time of writing this paper, according to data compiled by Our World in Data, almost 240 million cases have been confirmed worldwide, while fewer than 34 million people have been vaccinated, and these are concentrated in Europe and North America.
However, it is equally true that these two regions, together with Asia and the Pacific –which, even with lower vaccine penetration, would by 2021 be recovering levels of activity comparable to 2019 in a large part of the region– account for more than 80% of global exchanges. In short, the reason why the behaviour of the Elcano Global Presence Index variables in 2020 could be a good proxy for globalisation is because global activity is concentrated in the same regions where the effort to fight the pandemic has also been concentrated.
Finally, in terms of the methodological aspects of this exercise, the effect of the pandemic (measured in annual variations) is applied here to the 2020 Index values, which reflect the global reality of 2019. Thus, for the first time, we are able to capture the pre-pandemic reality at the time immediately prior to the outbreak of the pandemic.
(2) Economic dimension
Recently, UNCTAD, the source for the calculation of the economic dimension, has updated trade data by commodity for 2020. We know how the energy, primary goods, manufacturing and services variables behaved in the pandemic year, with respect to the previous year, without the need to resort to estimates.Figure 2. Exports of goods and services (US mn)
Var 2019-20 (%)
Energy (SITC 3) 2.250.343 1.497.180 -33,5
Primary goods (SITC 0+1+2+4+68+667+971) 2.999.902 3.067.298 2,2
Manufactures (SITC 5 to 8 minus 667 and 68) 12.936.713 12.381.411 -4,3
Services 6.226.802 4.984.187 -20,0
Source: UNCATD.Stat (accessed 8/10/2021).
Trade in services fell by 20% between 2019 and 2020, thus more than what the same agency estimated earlier this year. At that time, the forecast was for a 16.5% decline, which is the figure incorporated in the previous analysis of this series of publications.
As noted above, the pandemic has not hit all sectors of production and trade equally: while there has been a notable fall in the automobile trade, pharmaceutical production and exports have grown significantly. The final result is very similar to the forecasts we made last spring: a fall of more than 4% in manufacturing trade, the resilience of primary goods (+2.2%) and a slump in energy trade (-33.5) in a context of low energy prices, paralysis in the transport of goods and people and significant stoppages in some sectors of manufacturing production (Figure 2).
With regard to the latter category of goods, a very notable increase can also be expected in 2021, given the behaviour of energy prices in the second half of this year.
UNCTAD has not yet updated to 2020 the information on the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) abroad, the indicator we use to calculate the investment variable. We therefore maintain the same data that we included in last spring's publication, data that we calculate on the basis of the behaviour of FDI flows in 2020 since these have already been published by the source.1 Global FDI flows fell by 42% in 2020, from US$1.5 trillion to an estimated US$859 billion the following year. In order to extend this variation to the stock variable, we choose to estimate it on the basis of the stock-flow ratio in the most recent year. In 2019 a 33.9% increase in flows meant a 9.7% increase in stock. We therefore assume that a 42% drop in flows in 2020 results in a 12.3% decrease in stock that same year.
(3) Military dimension
The military dimension of the Elcano Global Presence Index is made up of the variables of troops deployed abroad and military capabilities. The source used for both indicators is the Military Balance, published annually by the IISS, and whose 2021 edition, with data for 2020, is now available. It has therefore been possible to calculate the external military projection of the 150 countries that will make up the next edition of the Index, the aggregate of which would show the evolution of globalisation in its military facet.2 We thus replace the estimates of previous analyses with actual observations.
The aggregate military projection has fallen by 4.3% in 2020, compared with the previous year, which is explained by a very sharp drop in the sum of troops, of all origins, deployed in foreign bases or on international missions (meaning a decrease of the variable of deployed troops of 10.4%) and almost identical military capabilities for international deployment3 (with a variable decreasing by 0.6%).
The actual behaviour of both variables has, in this case, been different from what was predicted in previous publications.
On the one hand, with respect to deployed troops, the drop in global activity at almost all levels led us to predict, on the basis of analyses by the IISS itself, 4 the freezing of strategic decisions on possible deployments or redeployments. However, at the end of the year, there was a substantial repatriation of troops in the face of the collapse of military operations.
On the other hand, although defence budget commitments have risen considerably in the EU and NATO5 contexts, this increased strategic investment has not yet materialised in a significant change in capabilities; something that can also be explained in the context of a drop in productive activity.
(4) The soft dimension
(4.1) Migration
At the beginning of the year the United Nations Population Division published the figure for the world's immigrant population stock, that was included in the previous publication in this series. There were 280 million immigrants in the world in mid-2020, a 13.2% rise compared with 2015 and up 2.6% in respect to the previous year, if we assume a linear behaviour of the variable (in coherence with the calculation method applied in the annual updates of the Index).
(4.2) Tourism
The World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) has, since the beginning of the pandemic, monitored international tourism movements almost in real time, which has made it possible to incorporate observed, rather than estimated, data into our analysis at all times.
For this reason, as soon as the spring, we already knew the deep impact of the health crisis on this variable of the Elcano Global Presence Index. A few months later, the UNWTO corrected the record slightly upwards, placing it at a 73% drop in international tourist arrivals (to any global destination) in 2020 compared with 2019 (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Key global international tourism data
(4.3) Sports
The sports variable of the Elcano Global Presence Index captures the performance of clubs and men's and women's football teams (via FIFA points) as well as the Olympic medal tally.
The Tokyo Olympics were finally held in 2021, so their results are not considered in the performance of the variables in 2020. Thus, the sports indicator is explained by what happens in football competitions, more specifically by the FIFA points of men's and women's senior national teams (FIFA) and by the points of football clubs (IFFHS). After the absolute standstill in the first months of the pandemic, the subsequent recovery of football competitions (often without an audience) has been uneven across countries and regional confederations. Thus, in aggregate terms, in 2020 there is a decrease of 1.4% in the sports indicator compared with 2019.
As with the military dimension, the change in the observed figure is far from previous estimates, which were made on the basis of information on cancellations of sport events. In this case, what turns out to be a much more moderate drop (in our previous publication we expected a drop of more than 50%) leads to a correction in the final figure for soft deglobalisation.
(4.4) Culture
As seen in section 2, disaggregated data on international trade for 2020 are now available, and it is precisely these data (specifically those relating to exports of cultural goods and services) that define the culture variable of the Elcano Global Presence Index.
In line with what occurred in international trade, there has been a substantial fall in this type of global exchanges. Exports of audiovisual services fell by more than 15% in 2020, from US$50,422 million in 2019 to US$42,776 million in 2020, behaving differently than expected –given the increase in digital cultural consumption during the various periods of confinement–.
The behaviour of trade in cultural goods is perhaps more intuitive, as it fell by more than 24% in the pandemic year (from US$207,869 million in 2019 to US$157,638 million in 2020), bringing cultural deglobalisation to 19.7%.6
(4.5) Information
The information indicator of the Elcano Global Presence Index is made up of two components: the Internet bandwidth installed in each country according to the database of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the number of news mentions by the main international agencies (Associated Press, Reuters, AFP, DPA, ITAR-TASS, EFE, ANSA and Xinhua) collected in the Factiva database.
We consider the first component, bandwidth, to be stable, given that the database used in its 2020 version offers data up to 2019. For the second component we record an aggregate 10% drop in 2020 compared with the previous year. Given that each component weighs 50% in the aggregate information variable, we consider a 5% drop of this indicator.
In previous publications we considered different scenarios for the possible evolution of aggregate information presence, ranging from a possible fall of 1.4% to an increase of 17%. It should be borne in mind that this aggregate fall comes hand in hand with a significant increase in the media presence for those countries that experienced the first impact of the pandemic –for example, mentions of China and Italy increased by 4.7%, while Spain's increased by 9.3%–.
(4.6) Technology
Last spring we already had data on the number of applications of foreign-oriented patents in 2020, according to the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), which is the source used by the Elcano Global Presence Index for one of the indicators of the technology variable. These grew by 4% between 2019 and 2020.7
As for the second component of this variable, intellectual property income, data for 2020 are already available from the International Monetary Fund. Here too, the actual performance has been somewhat different from what we predicted (assuming a parallel trend of the two components). Revenues fell by 2.5% in the year of the pandemic, from US$394,957 million in 2019 to US$385,091 million the following year.
(4.7) Science
Data on presence through science for 2020 were already available in spring. The Elcano Global Presence Index measures the scientific projection of countries with the number of articles, notes and reviews published annually in the fields of the arts and humanities, social sciences and sciences, collected in the Web of Science (WOS) of Clarivate Analytics. This information, provided by the Spanish Federation of Science and Technology (FECYT) and accessed on 22 March 2021, shows a growth in global scientific production between 2019 and 2020 of 27.2% (from 2,045,836 results to 2,601,725).8
(4.8) Education
Also in the case of education, measured in the Index by the number of foreign students enrolled annually in tertiary education, our source has already published data for 2020. Thus, according to UNESCO, these students increased from 5.91 million in 2019 to 5.94 million in 2020. That is, despite the pandemic and restrictions on the international movement of people, enrolment was affected by only 0.7%, a figure much lower than we expected in previous publications, given early analyses by UNESCO itself or by BridgEU.
It can be assumed that the change from face-to-face to online teaching in many university degrees has been able to strongly contain the fall in enrolments. However, the figure shows a drastic change of trend in an indicator that recorded increases of between 4% and 8% in the years prior to the health crisis.
(4.9) Development cooperation
In April of this year the OECD9 published provisional 2020 figures of official development assistance (ODA) provided by the so-called traditional donors, showing, contrary to Development Initiatives' forecasts, an increase in total aid of 3.5% and a new historical record in the effort for international solidarity, in a year of practically unprecedented crisis.
More recently, these figures have been updated. According to the OECD, gross ODA disbursed in 2020 by Development Assistance Committee (DAC)-OECD donors and by some non-members10 amounted to US$188,447 million, up 5.4% from the previous year, when aid stood at US$178,859 million. The increase can be explained by the greater budgetary effort of traditional donors, particularly EU members, as opposed to emerging donors, which are actually decreasing their aid in 2020.
The pandemic has probably had a de-globalising effect insofar as the aggregate value of the components of the Elcano Global Presence Index in 2020 is 8.9% lower than the same indicator for the previous year. Deglobalisation is occurring at all three levels: economic, military and soft. However, its intensity is much greater in the economic dimension, which decreases by 12.2%, than in the military (-4.2%) or the soft dimension (-4.9%) (Figures 4 to 6).Figure 4. Behaviour of the Elcano Global Presence Index variables in 2019 and 2020 (annual variation, in %, all other values in index value)
Energy -33,5 356,8 -119,4
Primary goods 2,2 560,4 12,6
Manufactures -4,3 1.808,5 -77,6
Services -20,0 1.852,7 -369,7
Investments -12,3 3.697,8 -454,9
Troops -10,4 1.033,6 -107,5
Military equipment -0,6 1.768,2 -10,6
Migrations 2,6 281,4 7,3
Tourism -73,0 287,6 -209,9
Sports -1,4 156,8 -2,2
Culture -19,7 588,7 -116,0
Information -5,0 311,2 -15,6
Technology 0,8 755,8 5,7
Science 27,2 471,8 128,2
Education 0,7 362,5 2,5
Development cooperation 5,4 417,5 22,5
Economic -12,7 8.276,2 -1.009,1
Military -4,3 2.801,8 -118,1
Soft -4,9 3.633,3 -177,4
Global -8,9 14.711,3 -1.304,6
Source: the authors.
Figure 5. Expected change in economic, military and soft presence values between 2019 and 2020 (in index value)
Figure 6. Expected change in economic, military and soft presence values between 2019 and 2020 (in %)
This analysis thus confirms the previous analyses of this series in two respects. On the one hand, in that there is a strong deglobalisation, even greater than what we considered in the most pessimistic scenario in our first analysis. On the other hand, this analysis also confirms a greater economic deglobalisation, as opposed to military or soft, which is a trend we had already observed in the years prior to the pandemic.
As pointed out, the de-globalising effect could be greater than expected in the previous analysis (from spring this year). This is due to the very different behaviour of the military dimension, which we expected to be more resilient, given the increase in military budget allocations, as well as by the different results in the field of culture, a realm in which exchanges strongly diminished despite the increase in the consumption of digital cultural services.
Many of these trends will be circumstantial and associated with the worst months of the pandemic, as they are already being corrected in 2021. This is the case, at least partially, for economic variables. According to UNCTAD, trade in goods and services would have increased by 4% in the first quarter of 2021.11
However, it is likely that other variables will acquire a new behaviour derived from the pandemic. This, added to the previous trend towards a less economic and softer globalisation, will shape new features of the globalisation process, both in its features and its leaders.
Senior Analyst at the Elcano Royal Institute and Coordinator of the Elcano Global Presence Index Project | @iolivie
Manuel Gracia
Analyst on the Elcano Global Presence Index project | @mgraciasn
1 UNCTAD (2021), 'Global FDI flows down 42% in 2020', Investment Trends Monitor, nº 38, United Nations Conference for Trade and Development, January.
2 The authors are extremely grateful to Félix Arteaga, who updates this calculation every year.
3 Aircraft carriers, frigates, cruisers, destroyers, nuclear-powered submarines, amphibious projection ships, medium and heavy strategic transport aircraft, and tanker aircraft. The value of the presence in military equipment is the result of the weighted sum of the different types of equipment considered in the international troop projection. The weighting coefficient of each type of equipment is the result of the calculation of equivalences between the military equipment existing in the world in 2010 as a reference year.
4 IISS (2021), 'Editor's introduction to the Military Balance 2021', The Military Balance 2021, International Institute for Strategic Studies, February.
5 NATO (2021), 'Defence Expenditures of NATO Countries (2013-2020)', Press Release, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 16/III/2021.
6 It should be noted that the annual variation in exports of cultural goods is that of the top 10 goods by trade volume according to UN Comtrade data. These account for 88.5% of all goods exported in 2020 and therefore their behaviour can be extrapolated to that of all goods in this category. For more on this see Ángel Badillo (2020), 'La cultura en el "poder suave": una revisión metodológica del Índice Elcano de Presencia Global', Documento de Trabajo, nr 21/2020,Elcano Royal Institute, 11/VI/2020.
7 WIPO (2021), 'Innovation perseveres: international patent filings via WIPO continued to grow in 2020 despite COVID-19 pandemic', PR/2021/874, World Intellectual Property Organisation, March.
8 The authors thank the FECYT Research Department for providing these data.
9 OECD (2021), 'COVID-19 spending helped to lift foreign aid to an all-time high in 2020 but more effort needed', Press Release, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, April.
10 Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Israel, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malta, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.
11 UNCTAD (2021), 'World trade rebounds to record high in Q1 2021', Global Trade Update, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, May.
Files attached to this Elcano content
ARI94 2021 Olivie Gracia Asi impacto la pandemia en la globalizacion (.pdf)
Assessing the implications of COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine for Africa and Europe-Africa relations
Presentation of the book "España y Portugal en la globalización. 500 años de la primera circunnavegación"
// Posted on 05 Sep 2022
Previous Monitoring countries' commitment against illicit financial flows
Next The rise of public development banks in the European financial architecture for development
Written by Iliana Olivié
Iliana Olivié is Senior Analyst at the Elcano Royal Institute and Associate Professor at the Department of Applied & Structural Economics & History, Complutense University of Madrid. Ph.D. in Economics in 2002, she coordinates the International Cooperation & Development research area and the Elcano Global Presence Index Project. She is also a member of the Spanish Council for Development Cooperation […]
Written by Manuel Gracia Santos
Manuel Gracia Santos is an Analyst on the Elcano Global Presence Index project, in which he has participated since 2012. He has a PhD in Economics and a Master's in International Economics and Development, and is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Economics at Madrid's Complutense University. He has taken part in a number of research […]
Monitoring countries' commitment against illicit financial flows
The rise of public development banks in the European financial architecture for development
// Posted on 17 Dec 2021


1. I already have a SNCS Level 1 / 2 certification, do I still need to be verified?
The verification is intended as an additional level of facility checks to ensure climber proficiency before usage of the Top Rope or Lead walls.
Given the recent increase in climbers, we feel the need for this additional level of checks for the facility to better manage the risks arising from climber & belayer inexperience and/or complacency.
CC believes that the overarching theme for the recent changes is raising of safety standards. Aside from the introduction of assisted braking devices (ABDs) and checking that customers know how to use an ABD, we also hope to check that all climbers /belayers are generally proficient in what they are doing.
Climbers are still encouraged to take top rope or lead courses (e.g. the SNCS level 1 / 2 classes) and attend ABD workshops to help you attain the skills that are necessary to pass the verification test. The pre-requisite for taking the test is still attendance at a course and /or years of previous experience.
2. Where will the new verification tag be recognised?
The new verification tag will be recognised at Climb Central, Climb Asia and Onsight. This is not a certification card and should you visit other climbing facilities outside of the above gyms (locally / overseas), you may still need to demonstrate proof of competency in climbing and belaying according to their own facility standards.
3. Is the old lead tag still valid?
CC will continue to recognise the old lead tag until 31st May 2017.
A new lead tag will be issued upon passing the verification. From 1st June 2017, Climb Central will require climbers to display the new lead tag when using the lead wall or top rope walls (if you wish to use belay device attached to harness). For requirements of other facilities, please refer to them directly.
The fee waiver is only for people who have paid $10 to take a lead verification assessment at Climb Central. It does not include people who have exchanged their Level 2 cards for a lead tag at CC.
5. What happens if I can't make it for any of CC's verification slots by 1st June 2017?
We will be monitoring verification signup during the next few months and will open more slots if needed. In addition, we do intend to conduct verification on a regular basis even after 1st June for those who require it.
If you still have any other questions or queries about verification please email us at info@climbcentral.sg. We seek your understanding in advance that we may not be able to respond to every social media comment/ question but will do our best to reply to individual emails, answer your questions over the counter and to consolidate/ update these FAQs.
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The dream season is over for Med City FC. A loss to Minneapolis City SC in the final game of the season prevented the club from making the playoffs in their first ever season.
Prior to kickoff, Minneapolis City's playoff hopes were dashed after Dakota Fusion were victorious earlier in the day, leaving them with only their pride to play for. That may have worked in their favor against Med City, as they showed a calmness that couldn't be matched by the home team.
Med City needed a win to make the playoffs, after surrendering a five-point lead in the table with only four games remaining. A loss and two ties allowed Duluth FC and Dakota Fusion to catch up and ultimately pass the newcomers to the NPSL. Med City looked tense throughout the first 15 minutes of the game, and a breakdown in their midfield lead to a goal by a Minneapolis City midfielder. That goal seemed to have woken up Med City, as they picked up their level of play and were able to create some attacking opportunities. However, Minneapolis City goalkeeper Peter Runquist, shut them down time after time.
Minneapolis City entered the half with a 1-0 advantage and the majority of possession.
The second half saw Med City come out with a new energy and determination. Some early substitutes helped them put pressure on Minneapolis City, but once again, a much-needed goal just didn't materialize. With only minutes left to play and two goals required to win the game, Med City employed a 3-3-4 formation to try to create some scoring chances, but it wasn't meant to be. Minneapolis City defended their end extremely well and walked away with a 1-0 victory.
After the dust settled on the final week of the season, Duluth FC walked away as North Conference Champions, while Dakota Fusion secured a playoff position. Minneapolis City finishes in third place on goal differential, with Med City falling to fourth. Only three points separated first place from fourth place in a tight and competitive conference.
Med City FC came close to achieving what was considered an unlikely feat prior to the start of the season – qualifying for a playoff position in only its first year of existence. Fueled by some excellent signings and an average home attendance of 600 people, Med City went on a ten-game unbeaten run in the middle of the season to put themselves in playoff contention. A stumble at the end of the year ultimately cost them, but the club and the fans are extremely proud of the way the team performed this season.


home's annual budget. Te average U.S. homeowner spends $2,500 a year on home energy with 56 percent, or $1,400, going toward heating and cooling costs.
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Even better, turning the thermostat back 10° to 15° for eight hours can save about 5 percent to 15 percent a year on the heating bill—about 1 percent for each degree. Savings may be even greater for homes in milder climates.
Termostat Placement Te location of your thermostat can greatly affect its performance and efficiency. Members should place thermostats away from direct sunlight, drafts, doorways, skylights, and windows.
Members should read the manufacturer's instructions to prevent "ghost readings" or unnecessary furnace cycling.
Programmable Termostats Installing a programmable thermostat can take the thought out of saving energy. Te heating and cooling system will ramp up or switch off according to a preset time of day or even day of the week. Most models let the user manually override the schedule without affecting the rest of the daily or weekly program.
Programmable thermostats are generally not recommended for heat pumps. In cooling mode, a heat pump operates like an air conditioner, so turning up the thermostat will save energy and money.
aBecause EcoFactor partners with various hardware manufacturers, some of these capabilities will depend on the hardware being used.
THIS SMART THERMOSTAT PRODUCT COMPARISON PROVIDES A QUICK LOOK AT THE TECHNICAL CAPABILITIES OF FIVE SMART THERMOSTAT PRODUCTS. EACH PRODUCT HAS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FEATURES, BUT ALL FIVE PROVIDE AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING AND ONLINE CONNECTIVITY.
But when a heat pump works in its heating mode, setting back the thermostat can cause the unit to operate inefficiently, thereby canceling out any savings achieved by lowering the temperature. Maintaining a moderate setting is the most cost- effective practice.
To automatically manage electric resistance systems, such as electric baseboard heating, steam heating, or radiant floor heating, you will need to purchase a programmable thermostat specifically designed for the task.
programming and online connectivity. Often, they can be controlled from a mobile device like a smartphone. An E Source report published in 2012 said Energy Star has begun investigating a new labeling program for these devices. To learn more, members can visit the Energy Star website at www.energystar.gov and search for 'Climate Controls'.
Turning up Savings Regardless of the method members use, research suggests people will save energy if they manage their thermostat settings based on whether they are home or away and the time of day.


text:
AS Monaco finishes season in 9th place
Paris Saint Germaine (PSG) have been handed the Ligue 1 championship for the third year in a row with a clear 12 point lead over second place Marseille, despite not having played a full season due to the coronavirus health crisis.
The decision was taken by the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP) after the French Prime Minister, Edouard Philippe, announced on Tuesday that no sports events would be possible under de-escalation measures until at least September.
This dashed the hopes of the LFP, who had hoped to restart play in June to finish out the season. Few were in doubt that PSG would hold onto the top spot, but for others whose futures were not so certain, the decision has been met with mixed feelings depending on where a team sat.
AS Monaco has ended the season in 9th, a situation that the club's Vice President Oleg Petrov wanted "to avoid".
"We regret this ranking because we had the ambition to do better," he said in a press statement. "During this season, we have made a lot of efforts – reorganisation, reinforcements during the transfer window – in order to change things and reach European standings." Robert Moreno replacing Leonardo Jardim is one of the changes the club was hoping to capitalise on.
"It didn't quite work out the way we wanted it to. It is now time to analyse everything that has happened before we project ourselves with determination towards next season," said Mr Petrov.
The LFP says that even if there are appeals, they will not be considered. As far as they are concerned, the 2019-20 season is a bad memory and they are already looking ahead to the 2020-21 season to start at the end of August.
General Director of the LFP, Didier Quillot, did say they would play the finals of the Coupe de France and the Coupe de la Ligue in early August, if given permission by UEFA, which would impact qualification for the Europa League.
"If the finals of the Coupe de la Ligue and Coupe de France take place, the places in the Europa League will be allocated to their winner, if the winner is not PSG. The rule does not change," he said.
Lille, Reims and Nice seemed poised to have places in the Europa League through their league standings, however that is now subject to change.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Influence of river regulation on runoff to the Gulf of Bothnia. Gulf of Bothnia Year 1991.
The project reported here isa subproject within the multi-disciplinary programme "Gulf of Bothnia Year 1991 ".
Runoff from a land area of approximately 490 000 km2 enters the Gulf of Bothnia. This runoff is of essential importance for the flushing of the Gulf. A change in the volume of runoff effects the residence tirre. There are many natural changes in the runoff, both long-rerm changes ovcr many years and such within one year. There are also man-made changes. The most important of these is hydropower regulation. This report describes the effect of the development of the hydropower plants in Sweden and Finland by means of recorded regulated runoff and calculatecl natural runoff. The recent tirne period, 1980-91, and the time before regulation, 1925-36, are simulated. The monthly rnagnitudes of the redistributed flows were on the average 1 700 m3/s, but the maximum redistributed rnonthly tlow in May - June reached 5000 - 6 000 m3/s. The "Gulf of Bothnia Year 1991" is compared with the period 1981-91. The annual mean runoff in 1991 was c. 6 000 m3/s, which is somewhat less than the examined period. This originated from a low spring and summer runoff, e.g. c. 9 000 m3/s in May instead of 13 000 - 14 000 m3/s. Also the effects of a hypothetical climatc change of both a temperature increase and a decrease are simulated.


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Party Space
Home > Baha
01539 277 515|bahabowness.com
Live Music – Beth Thomas
Baha, 18 Ash Street
Bowness on Windermere, Cumbria LA23 3EB United Kingdom + Google Map
This evening we welcome the hugely talented Beth Thomas to BAHA. Beth is a great vocalist who can cover anything from smooth soul and sultry Jazz to lively Motown to upbeat disco classics. Good times guaranteed. Dancing shoes at the ready....
Live Music – Jamie Walker
This evening we welcome the very talented Jamie Walker to our lounge bar. Jamie is a guitarist singer songwriter from Lancaster. From a mixture of influences from pop, rock, blues, funk and dance music Jamie has created his own unique style using a loop station to perform covers from the 1960s to the present day.
DJ Ed Mahon
August 23 @ 9:00 pm - August 24 @ 1:30 am
This Friday marks the return of DJ ED Mahon!! Ed has graced the decks at venues in Ibiza and all the way to Johannesburg in South Africa. He also holds down more local residences in the likes of Liverpool, Manchester and Blackpool. ED is no stranger to festival scene, having played the likes of Beatherder and The Alfresco Festival. He is also quite active in the studio as an avid producer and remixer and he is also co-founder of cowbell…
Live Music – Tony Smith
We're bringing you an outstanding and moving artist with 30 years experience tonight!!! BAHA and our guests are continuously amazed by his passion each time he performs! Join us for a fantastic Saturday night of music where you'll find Tony performing and covering classic favourites, as well as his own music.
The Vinyl Cellar – DJ Collective
Join us in our Lounge Bar this Sunday for the superb Vinyl Cellar DJ collective. Clyde and Sai-Man have been running these parties for the last 8 years and this will be their 3rd year putting their signature vibe down at BAHA. Expect the very best in Hip Hop/Soul/Funk/Edits/House and everything else with a groove wedged in between and special guests on rotation.
Live Music – Adrian Ventura
BAHA welcomes back Adrian Ventura for another night of great music from this super talented musician. Expect an evening full of great rock and local folk music, reggae, and blues!
Tribute Night – Tony Lewis as Robbie Williams
£15.00 99 tickets left
For the past decade Tony has been wowing audiences worldwide with his amazing portrayal of Britain's Greatest Entertainer, Robbie Williams! After making his debut in Trevor Chance's 'Legends,' Tony has gone on to perform all across the globe, leaving audiences constantly gagging for more! He turns heads wherever he goes leaving onlookers asking, '"Is it or isn't it?" In 2005 Tony was lucky enough to meet Robbie in person, chatting about women, music and most importantly football, even gaining his…
DJ Jaegerossa (Phil Rose) Midnight Riot Records
Producer, DJ, promoter, A&R and music obsessive, Phil Rose has become a beacon of funk, disco and house in the North of England and beyond. The driving force behind Edit, Manchester's epic disco-loving monthly party, he's an in-demand DJ: in 2018 alone, he was billed alongside Francois K, Rakyo, Greg Wilson, The Reflex, John Morales and Joey Negro, while he's a resident DJ and music mastermind at stellar venues across the north including 53 Degrees North in Leeds and Halifax…
Trust The DJ – Johnny Williams & Emma Howarth
August 31 @ 9:00 pm - September 1 @ 1:30 am
DJ/ producer/ radio station boss and media educator Jonny Williams adds percussion to house music alongside professional Saxophonist Emma Howarth. Emma has 15 years experience, 8 years travelling the world on cruise ships. They combine as "Trust the DJ (TtDj) drawing on their knowledge together to create musical performances and Saxophone solos that take the house tracks you know and love to another level.
Live Music – Kingfast
KingFast is a singer/Songwriter whose soulful vocals and modern guitar sound have gained him much attention in the North West. Due to the demand from his fanbase, he decided to record his debut EP entitled "Dream World" (in Elevator Studios – Liverpool) KingFast was born in Kingston, Jamaica and raised in Belfast which is where the name stems from. There is certainly some fusion of an Afro-Caribbean vocal tone and pop music trills used popularly within UK & Irish music…
Live Music – Cory Spedding & Stuart Sidney
If you like those old well-known classics and today's chart-toppers as well as a bit of jazz, rock, and even a bit of country... then you'll love Cory Spedding in our Lounge Bar this Saturday! Cory will be joining us at Baha along with her incredible guitarist Stuart Sidney, also part of Water's Edge, one of Cumbria's finest original bands. Come along for a captivating performance and great vibes!
Live Music – The Arguments
The Arguments are a covers duo based in south-west Scotland performing frequently across Cumbria, Scotland and the North-East of England. Covers include everything from The Beatles to Beyonce with their own unique style incorporated. As a duo they are passionate about making music in the moment so no backing tracks or pre recorded sound is ever used- therefore a more organic sound is created which can be different each time they play. Influences stem from an array of music but…
Live Music – Benjamin Moss
Benjamin is an ambitious young musician with a diverse range of musical abilities. He has been performing from a very early age and has entered some high profile competitions such as Britain's Got Talent where he managed to get down to the last 188 acts of over 100,000 applicants. Since the age of 17 he has been performing on Thompson Cruises in the main show lounges on the Majesty, Thomson Dream and also the Thomson Celebration to audiences of up…
Summer – Charlotte Tilbury Night
We're very excited to announce our next evening in association with the Number 1 make-up brand Charlotte Tilbury! Our last event was a SELL OUT and after great feedback, we've released another date. For 1 night only, join us at BAHA for a glamorous evening of delicious food, an expert master class on how to create that 'Tilbury Look' and exclusive gifts. All offered in a luxurious and stylish setting. Please see below for full details on the event. Arrival…
This evening we welcome the very talented Jamie Walker back to our lounge bar. Jamie is a guitarist singer songwriter from Lancaster. From a mixture of influences from pop, rock, blues, funk and dance music Jamie has created his own unique style using a loop station to perform covers from the 1960s to the present day.
Live Music – Adrian Ventura & Tim Lowe
BAHA welcomes back Adrian Ventura and Tim Lowe for another night of great music this September!!! Expect an evening full of great rock and local folk music, reggae, and blues from this hugely talented duo.
Live Music – Becki Fishwick
We're bringing the TALENTED Becki Fishwick back to YOU this September in our Cafe Lounge Bar!! Becki's unique voice is influenced by 1940s jazz, 1950s rock n roll and 1960s soul, a perfect mixture of a wonderful era. She has had some exciting experiences in her career so far which include being asked to perform for Mary Portas, Apple, the imperial war museum and most recently at the BBC for a new TV show. Becki also runs her own Popstar…
Tribute Night – Dean Richards as Freddie Mercury
October 25 @ 9:00 pm - October 26 @ 1:30 am
£12.50 100 tickets left
This evening we bring you something very special… After his sell out show at BAHA back in april… Dean Richardson as Freddie Mercury faithfully recreates the image, voice and flamboyancy of the great man himself. Audiences are always left amazed by the authenticity and intricate detail Dean puts into each and every performance. From the moment the music begins and the lights pulsate, Dean explodes onto to the stage and from then on, the energy and exuberance never stops flowing.…
Festive Christmas Feasts at BAHA
December 1 @ 12:00 pm - December 20 @ 9:00 pm
Join us for an unconventional Christmas Party full of sharing, socialising and seasonal spirit. Whether you are planning a staff party, getting together with friends & family or looking for a festive bash with a difference we have it covered. This year we have two festive options for you. 'Option 1' is the whole shebang with a Pacific Street food inspired set menu, live DJ and more. Or 'Option 2' which is a festive set menu for groups…
Christmas – Charlotte Tilbury Night
We're very excited to announce & evening in association with the Number 1 make-up brand Charlotte Tilbury! Our last event was a SELL-OUT. So be quick to get your tickets for this date. Join BAHA for a glamorous evening of delicious food, an expert master class on how to create that 'Tilbury Look' and exclusive gifts. All offered in a luxurious and stylish setting. Please see below for full details on the event. Arrival Time: 6 pm Finish Time: 9…
Good Fortune New Years Eve 2019 – Dinner & Party Ticket
31st December 2019 @ 7:00 am - 1st January 2020 @ 7:00 am
This new year we hand over the kitchen to our head chef 'Jack' and let him tease you with a tasting menu which is very much 'his thing'. We couldn't hold back his passion for Asian food and so this New Years Eve we are bringing you a menu that has a cheeky twist, packed full of flavours. When does the evening start? Arrive 7pm/ Dinner 8pm Your Good Fortune New Years Eve 2019 - Dinner & Party Ticket…
Good Fortune New Years Eve 2019 – Party Ticket
31st December 2019 @ 8:00 pm - 1st January 2020 @ 8:00 pm
See in the New Year with feel-great tunes, upbeat vibes and some good fortune while we entertain you all night long. This year we've got a new mystery host (to be announced soon) to keep you entertained on the ground floor, whilst we play more cheesy dance tunes on The 3rd Floor. With our fresh Asian inspired festive theme, there is no doubt you be seeing in the New Year at the best party in the Lake District. Join us…
18 Ash Street, Bowness on Windermere, Cumbria, LA23 3EB, United Kingdom - 01539 277 515
BAHA is a modern venue offering 3 unique floors where guests can experience the best in the area for food, drink and entertainment.
Tu: 12:00-00:00
We: 12:00-00:00
Th: 12:00-00:00
Su: 12:00-00:00
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Usability Mapping Masterclass
Date: Thursday, 3 March, 2022 - 09:00 to Thursday, 24 March, 2022 - 17:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Savings Time (AEDT)
Join us on Thursday 3rd, 10th, 17th and 24th of March 2022 for an online Usability Mapping Masterclass
This Masterclass is for those that have already completed our Usability Mapping Foundation Course.
Date: Tuesday, 15 March, 2022 - 14:30 to 15:30 Australian Eastern Daylight Savings Time (AEDT)
Join us on Tuesday 15 March 2022 for a Usability Mapping Awareness Webinar
ANZSOM Annual Scientific Meeting 2022
Date: Sunday, 20 March, 2022 - 09:00 to Wednesday, 23 March, 2022 - 17:00 Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST)
Address: Victoria Park,
309 Herston Rd
Herston QLD 4006
The world and work are changing, and the forthcoming ANZSOM conference will explore the key issues that have emerged for occupational medicine – CULTURE, COVID and CLIMATE, while providing opportunities for knowledge and skill development across a range of topics relevant to daily practice.
Date: Tuesday, 29 March, 2022 - 12:30 to Friday, 1 April, 2022 - 16:30 Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST)
Join us from Tuesday 29th March - Friday 1st April 2022 for an online foundation course tiled "Apply the Science of Safety with Usability Mapping Online Workshop: Industrial Safety & User Documentation."
Art of Work: Complexity - even dead fish go with the flow Master Class
Join us on Tuesday 29 March 2022 for Complexity - even dead fish go with the flow. This master class is for anyone who doesn't know where to start in resolving complex systems or problems in their workplace. Navigating complexity requires us to adopt an approach that isn't based on predictability and homogeneity. It requires us to embrace uncertainty and divergence, tap into the vast knowledge of various players in our systems, seek our patterns and take small 'safe to fail' actions that nudge our organisation in a desirable direction.


Remodeled 1922 sq ft home with 4 bdrms, 1.5 baths, 2 car attached garage, almost 1/2 acre fenced yard with deck! New kitchen cabinets with ceramic tile counters & backsplash. Updated bathrooms. New Roof 2018. New flooring along with beautiful refinished hardwood floors in home. Newer vinyl siding and windows. All appliances stay. Gas forced air and central air. Move in condition!
Directions:Heading east on St Joe Ctr Rd, take a right on Lahmeyer Rd and another right on Duane Dr. Home is down on your left.
Listing provided courtesy of Blake Realty.


Spread the Word & save!
Our members are important to us - and we know that they often are our best ambassadors. So, we'd like to reward your efforts to bring more DSA's as members of this incredible trade association.
For each new member you refer, we'll credit your annual dues $100!
Referred members must not have held membership status in the last 12 months.
Referred members must pay the full membership rate. (Members who refer organizations that are eligible for (and obtain) a scholarship will be given a smaller credit dependent upon the scholarship amount.
Referred members must schedule an orientation webinar within 30 days of membership activation (if not before).
Credits will be applied after the referred members' dues are paid and are not transferable to any other invoice (such as conference).
Maximum number of referral credits (up to $100 each) cannot exceed annual membership dues.
Referred member must name the Member Organization which referred them.
We are incredibly proud of our growth and results in 2017. However, none of this could have been possible without support from DSAIA....the membership has been necessary for past successes, and will continue to prove vital for future growth.


So I'm guessing you want to learn more about who I am, what I do and all the other interesting (and boring) things that influence the person I am today?
Unfortunately I don't think that telling you I drink plenty of coffee will quite cut it. So here goes..
I was born on the outskirts of Honiton, East Devon and have moved further along the busy A35 to now reside near Dalwood. I live on a farm split between dairy and sheep.
There are plenty of advantages to living in the middle of nowhere, the peace and quiet is rarely broken, only by the sounds of the milking parlor early in the morning!
Some say that I am part owl, part book worm.
In reality however, I'm just a Web Designer and Developer that likes to paint, read books and get involved with the various things that living in the countryside can bring.
Recently engaged, my other half Dan, an Agricultural Contractor, would say that I'm also his secretary, sandwich maker and general extra hand!


Wirecloud is a web mashup tool designed to ease the development of operational dashboards. This allows end users to easily create web applications and dashboards without programming skills and to visualize data of interest and control their environment.
Recording of the Workshop about WireCloud delivered in the Developers' week at Madrid. This video presents an introduction on WireCloud and also presents some practical examples of how to use it for Data/Application Visualization and for building custom dashboards.
Recording of the IMDEA FI-PPP Liaison Workshop about WireCloud. This video presents an introduction on WireCloud and also presents some practical examples of developing a simple chat widget using the WireCloud APIs.
This presentation introduces the WireCloud framework, its architecture and APIs.
In this section you will learn how to use WireCloud from the point of view of a end user. That is, you will learn how to create and manage dashboards using WireCloud.
In this section you will learn how to use WireCloud from the point of view of a component developer. That is, you will learn how to develop Mashable Application Components (widgets and operators).
Lesson 3.1.0 - Quick start Quick tutorial on how to develop widgets using FIWARE technology.
Lesson 3.1.1 - Creating widgets and operator descriptions This presentation explains how to create widget and operators descriptions using either XML or RDF.
Lesson 3.1.2 - Logging error messages This presentation shows how to log error messages from widgets and operators.
Lesson 3.1.3 - Making requests and wiring These slides show an example to learn how to use the most commonly used features of WireCloud.
Lesson 3.1.4 - Adding preferences This presentation explains how to add preferences to config.xml file.
Lesson 3.1.5 - Accessing context information These slides show how to discover the available context information of a WireCloud instance and how to use widget context for resizing widget's content.
Lesson 3.1.7 - Dynamic dashboards These slides explain how to create dynamic dashboards by the use of the Dashboard Management API.
Lesson 3.1.8 - Accessing third-party services using IdM tokens These slides explain how to use IdM tokens associated with the users for accessing third-party services from WireCloud widgets and operators.
Lesson 3.2.2 - Using Object Storage This presentation explains how to configure and use the Object Storage.
Lesson 3.4 - Developer exercises - Some WireCloud exercises targeting widget and operator developers.
In this section you will learn how to use WireCloud from the point of view of an administrator. That is, you will learn how to install and administrate your WireCloud instances.
Lesson 4.2 - Translating WireCloud - This tutorial describes the needed steps to customize the language of your WireCloud instance.


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Home → Articles → New York → An Adventurer with Heart
An Adventurer with Heart
Marsha Simms combines wanderlust with a passion for helping others
When envisioning the typical banking attorney, the first image that springs to mind is not likely to be a woman camping with cheetahs in Africa. "I am known in the firm for going far away for a long time," says Marsha Simms, a partner in the corporate department of Weil Gotshal & Manges. Before leaving for vacation each year, a fellow partner asks "how many rolls" her trip will require, and she doesn't mean film. "I'm generally camping or out in the middle of nowhere, and I always take a roll of toilet paper with me," Simms says with a laugh.
Her last two vacations were to India and Africa, where her wanderlust and volunteer spirit merged. "While in India, I helped an organization called Kala Raksha, which promotes handicrafts made in Western India," she says. Upon returning home, Simms helped incorporate Friends of Kala Raksha, the organization's stateside fundraising arm. In Africa, Simms volunteered for two weeks at the Cheetah Conservation Camp in Namibia. Sensing the camp needed legal help, Simms stepped in with everything from licensing trademarks to a contract with a French documentary company to film the indigenous big cats.
Simms, whose practice centers on debt financing and restructuring, says her firm has always been active in the civil rights arena. Currently, firm members are assisting residents displaced by Hurricane Katrina. Simms also coordinates a Weil Gotshal project for Brooklyn-based St. Nicholas Neighborhood Development Corporation, an organization that runs a "micro-entrepreneur" training program. After graduation, firm members offer legal assistance to fledgling business owners.
Simms is especially proud of a volunteer project many years in the making. In 1992, she began to represent the Federal Advisory Committee on the African Burial Ground, formed after the remains of former slaves were discovered during construction of the General Services Administration building in New York. The Advisory Committee recommended scientific study and reburial of the remains, and construction of an on-site monument and interpretive center. In 2003, those recommendations came to fruition and in 2006, President Bush announced that the African Burial Ground's memorial would be granted national monument status. "I am proud that as a black American lawyer I was able to play a part in bringing these remains to a peaceful rest," says Simms.
Marsha Simms is a board member of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, chair of the ABA Relations Committee, and a member of the African Commercial Law Subcommittee of the International Law and Practice Section. She is also a member of the Banking Law Committee and the Committee on Minorities in the Profession of the New York State Bar Association, president-elect of the American College of Commercial Finance Lawyers and a member of The American Law Institute.
From the Barn to the Bar
Mitch Gilfillan went from playing Division I basketball to repping coaches and ADs Featuring Mitch Gilfillan
Beth Hutchens' behavioral therapy background brings depth to her immigration practice Featuring Beth Hutchens
'A Fire in Her to Protect the Victim'
Why Natalie Weatherford only takes sex abuse cases Featuring Natalie Weatherford


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Marijuana is 'not a factor' in the war on drugs,Trump to target 3 drugs
John Kelly says Marijuana won't be part of the war on drugs [Image credit: @thinkprogress/Twitter]
John Kelly said that there are only three drugs Donald Trump wants to target right now --- Methamphetamine, Heroin, and Cocaine.
by Chrissie Kaiser
Department of Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly confirmed that the War on Drugs would not include any current changes to Marijuana reform. Kelly said that there are only three drugs they are worried about right now --- Methamphetamine, Heroin, and Cocaine. John went on to say that Trump is working with Chris Christie to combat opiate addiction.
Marijuana is not a factor in the drug war
Kelly appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, and he talked at length about Trump's war on drugs. He cleared up the rumor that the president wanted include Marijuana in the war on drugs.
Apparently, Donald doesn't see a benefit in "arrested a bunch of cannabis users," thus costing the taxpayers more money.
Instead, the Department of Homeland Security Secretary explained they plan to target Methamphetamine, Heroin, and Cocaine users. They hope, in time, to reduce the demand in the United States for the dangerous drugs.
Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly says weed is "not a factor" in the drug war https://t.co/gqs3BFmUkm pic.twitter.com/dLcnVN0iRi
— Newsweek (@Newsweek) April 17, 2017
"Yeah, marijuana is not a factor in the drug war," Kelly explained on Meet The Press. "It's three things. Methamphetamine. Almost all produced in Mexico. Heroin. Virtually all manufactured in Mexico.
And cocaine that comes up from further south."
In 2015, the above three drugs were responsible for the deaths of 52,000 people and cost the country over $250 million. They need a plan to end the drug crisis in America.
Trump's plan is aggressive
The plan does not involve arresting a bunch of users and throwing them in jail. Kelly doesn't think that will help matters and usually results in the addict not getting the mental health help they need to overcome their dependence.
Instead, John said the new policy is to substantially reduce the demand for these drugs by setting up the addicts with the help they need, organize an effective rehabilitation system, and use law enforcement when necessary.
Kelly admitted that they would need to use the legal court systems for some users. Not every addict is ready to give up their drugs, and they may have to be forced.
For those who aren't willing to attend drug rehabilitation, they will face legal consequences. They will either have to enter a court order treatment center or face time in jail.
RT MERRYJANE: Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly Admits Weed Is 'Not a Factor' in the War on Drugs: … pic.twitter.com/tEdZqhSPaQ
— FlowerBoyz (@_flowerboyz) April 17, 2017
The last step in the war on drugs will be to cut the poppy and coca fields off and not let them bring their drugs into the United States. Kelly explained that the process could take "years to implement."
One DUI could spell trouble for illegal immigrants, under new policy
Kelly revealed that under the new immigration law, immigrants who get one DUI (Driving under the influence) could trigger deportation proceedings.
He added that if a legal resident has multiple DUIs convictions that it would "undoubtedly" result in being deported.
John said that Trump's administration differs from Obama's in how they handle the treatment of immigrants. Kelly cautioned that one single DUI could result in a deportation hearing. He added that it would depend on the circumstances.
Kelly said that the definition of being a criminal includes DUI convictions. He was quick to point out that he and ICE do not deport anyone ---it is the justice department that does that.
The Department of Homeland Security Secretary said that there is a plan to hire 10,000 new ICE agents and 5,000 border control agents. It looks like Trump is moving forward with his "deportation task force."
'A single DUI' could now spark deportation, Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly says: https://t.co/jYEpxOPrvJ pic.twitter.com/K7K4m3BEUW
— NBC Chicago (@nbcchicago) April 16, 2017
Kelly acknowledged that deporting immigrants is not a black or white issue.
There are other factors to consider. Many of them marry American citizens and have children born in the United States and they have built a life in this country.
It's good news that the Trump administration does not plan to try to criminalize Marijuana. Do you agree with Trump's new drug and immigration new policies?
Chrissie Kaiser
Chrissie has been writing trending news for over a decade. She has worked with several major news publications. She is passionate about politics, animal rights, and mental illness.
Follow chrissie on Facebook Follow chrissie on Twitter
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