text:
US M&As reach a seven-year peak
Riding a wave of optimism in the tech markets, investors and acquirers are driving one of the most successful M&A periods in the USA in recent years. With a greater number of well-qualified sell businesses and a better understanding of the corporate financing sphere, major firms as well as smaller players have felt confident to do big businesses this year. Silicon Valley especially has seen a surge of tech acquisitions, the latest announced this week as real estate website operator Zillow is buying San Francisco-based Truila for $3.5 billion.
According to trade sources, in the first half of 2014 companies in the USA paid out some $982 billion in M&As, the largest sum since the first half of 2007 and up from up from a strong $570 billion for the same period in 2013.
Interestingly, the number of deals has remained the same between the first half of 2013 and 2014, suggesting that activity has not changed as much as valuations, market competition and demand to expand portfolios, even at greater cost. Indeed, a number of deals that many considered overpriced have gone through this year (WhatsApp, Beats and Oculus purchases, for example). Some deals were more than $50 billion, including the Time Warner Cable/Comcast and DirecTV/AT&T mergers.
Many of the big deals have been done by the majors as Facebook, Yahoo and Google continue to acquire smaller firms to get new talent and take on start-ups whose new technology may pose a competitive threat eventually. While Facebook seems to have done its businesses for the year, Apple continues to search out viable acquisitions, most recently concluding the purchase of reading recommendation app BookLamp.
This optimistic attitude is also transferring to Europe, with digital majors increasingly looking to set up shop on the continent to find new talent, as Google did in London recently. As we have reported, the USA is already seeing one of its most fertile venture capital years, and the good fortunes in M&A will only strive to provider greater liquidity in the markets.
This optimism is backed up by the figures. Far more deals are being done with foreign companies, as US firms spent $308 billion in M&As overseas, more than triple the amount in 2013. This is down to several factors. Firstly, more countries around the world are able to produce tech firms due to improving local incubators, government support and better digital economies. Secondly, high competition domestically is forcing US firms to look elsewhere, with potential value-for-money enterprises appearing more frequently out of emerging markets. Thirdly, there is greater interconnectivity between global finance markets and tech players, allowing for more reliable and trusted acquisitions internationally.
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Edmonton's Cowboy Smithx and Alexandra Lazarowich (pictured) claimed the top prize at the inaugural Hot Docs Short Film Pitch for Cree Code Talker.
Three filmmaking teams picked up $75,000 in Canadian cash at the inaugural Hot Docs Short Film Pitch in Toronto on Thursday (April 29).
The first-place prize of CAD$30,000 went to Edmonton's Cowboy Smithx and Alexandra Lazarowich (pictured) for Cree Code Talker, about a World War II-era code talker who used the Cree language to assist allied forces.
Toronto's Nicolina Lanni and John Choi's Sinkhole, which "parallels the lighthearted stories of sinkhole survivors with the harrowing reality of the war for water," snagged $25,000.
Five teams participated in in the pitch competition. The Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival and BravoFACT copresented the event and filmmaker and writer AJ Schnack (Caucus) hosted. Eligible projects were vetted in advance by the Hot Docs Short Film Pitch jury.
The 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival continues through Sunday (May 3).


On November 17, 2012, a pair of fishermen left the coast of Mexico for a weekend fishing trip in the open Pacific. That night, a violent storm ambushed them as they were fishing eighty miles offshore. As gale force winds and ten-foot waves pummeled their small, open boat from all sides and nearly capsized them, captain Salvador Alvarenga and his crewmate cut away a two-mile-long fishing line and began a desperate dash through crashing waves as they sought the safety of port.
Fourteen months later, on January 30, 2014, Alvarenga, now a hairy, wild-bearded and half-mad castaway, washed ashore on a nearly deserted island on the far side of the Pacific. He could barely speak and was unable to walk. He claimed to have drifted from Mexico, a journey of some seven thousand miles.
438 Days is the first-ever account of one of the most amazing survival stories in modern times. Based on dozens of hours of exclusive interviews with Alvarenga, his colleagues, search-and-rescue officials, the remote islanders who found him, and the medical team that saved his life, 438 Days is an unforgettable study of the resilience, will, ingenuity and determination required for one man to survive more than a year lost and adrift at sea.
The victims were illegally searching for gold and had dug deep in a riverbed in northeastern Afghanistan, according to a spokesman for the provincial governor.
"I think that it makes no difference in our situation right now," said one resident. Said another: "Any help is welcomed considering the situation in which we find ourselves in, be it large or small."
His name was Salvador and he arrived with bloody feet, said he was looking for work—anything to start—but to those who saw the newcomer arrive, he looked like a man on the run.
Salvador Alvarenga had walked on rocks for six full days along the Mexican coastline to reach the beach village of Costa Azul. He carried only a small backpack and his clothes were worn. From the moment he entered Costa Azul in the fall of 2008, he felt a deep sense of relief. The mangrove swamps, nearby cornfields, crashing ocean and protected lagoon reminded him of his home in El Salvador, but here no one wanted to kill him. Only a few hundred people lived in the beachside community, though it was densely populated by flocks of migrating birds, many making the 2,000-mile annual journey south from California. Thousands of sea turtles embarked from coastal hatcheries to breed and migrate—some making the 12,000-mile swim across the Pacific Ocean to China. The town was half ecotourism paradise, half lawless Wild West—ideal cover for a man trying to escape his past and embark on a new life.
Quick with a smile and a helping hand, the round-faced, light-skinned Alvarenga arrived without a visa or working papers, so he pretended to be Mexican. He vigorously defended the lie if anyone questioned his story. Once, when Mexican policemen stopped him and suggested he was a foreigner, Alvarenga broke out with a stanza from the Mexican national anthem.
To blemish the honor of the fatherland!
Saturated in waves of blood.
Alvarenga had a terrible singing voice made worse by an overdose of confidence. His rendition was off-key and overflowing with nationalistic pride. Convinced by the enthusiasm of his off-the-cuff performance, the police released him.
Costa Azul is a lost corner of Chiapas, Mexico's poorest state and a region where emigrants tend not to stop as they continue on the long trek north to the United States. Few arrivals see much of an economic salvation in the tattered local economy. But the thirty-year-old Alvarenga wasn't looking at land—his eyes were focused on the Pacific Ocean and had been since he was eleven years old and had run away from school to live at the beach with friends. Costa Azul would serve not as home but as home base. He would launch seaward for multiday ocean journeys to the richest remaining fishing grounds along Mexico's plundered coastal ecosystems.
Insulated from the fury of the Pacific Ocean by a miles-long island that creates a natural lagoon, and surrounded by tangled mangrove forests untouched by loggers, thousands of fish inhabit this postcard-perfect lagoon, discovering only too late their fatal error when speared alive on the knife-sharp bill of a blue heron or crushed in the jaws of a crocodile. Like the migrating birds, Alvarenga was attracted to the protected lagoon and its unending supply of easy-to-catch fish. From afar, it gleamed like a refuge. While vicious storms roared offshore, sometimes lasting for weeks, the mangrove jungles absorbed and sheltered this small community. Like the eye of a hurricane, Costa Azul's beauty had an eerie ability to disguise imminent danger.
Going out to sea might seem simple but it is a monster you must face, explains a colleague of Alvarenga known as El Hombre Lobo ( The Wolfman ). If you are going to face the sea you have to be ready for all it can toss at you, including the wind, a storm or a big animal that might eat you—all those dangers. People go out for these little seaside trips, that is not the ocean. The ocean is out there past 120 kilometers [70 miles]. The folks on the beach here live comfortable, they go to sleep in a bed, but out there, you feel terror. Even in your chest you feel it. Your heart beats different.
Though Alvarenga arrived in Costa Azul by walking across sharp rocks and through thick coastal swamps, nearly everyone else reaches the town by way of a narrow paved road from Mexican coastal Highway 200. The seven-mile spur off the main highway ends at the Costa Azul waterfront and offers two options that cleave the town. Turn right and there are chic ecoresorts with flavorless Mexican food, twelve-dollar margaritas and private birding tours that capitalize on the fondness of English tourists of pecking incessantly at a personalized list of bird sightings. Palm-studded white sand beaches lure these tourists with the promise of privacy, virgin scenery, hummingbirds, rosy spoonbills, osprey and dozens more species that flitter and fly with abandon. The waiters may question the wisdom of allowing tourist children to frolic by the lagoon's edge, where a crocodile the size of a station wagon visits frequently, but since they are never encouraged to express opinions to the guests or highlight local dangers, they keep their concerns to themselves. Most of the homes between the hotels have been purchased by local businessmen and politicians who envision a gold mine of tourism as soon as Mexico sheds its reputation as a bloodstained narco-state where bars occasionally get firebombed and waitresses decapitated. That is the nice side of the tracks.
On the left side of town sits a row of low-budget fishing shacks and an oceanfront dock packed with a dozen canoe-shaped boats twenty-five feet long and capable of hitting 50 mph, especially when powered by a pair of 75-horsepower Yamaha outboard motors. This is the part of town where Alvarenga arrived. He had a decade's experience as a fisherman and hoped to find a boss or patrón willing to give him a shot at fulfilling his lifelong dream of being his own captain on a small fishing boat. But he needed to go slow. Visitors to this tough-guy neighborhood are immediately confronted with stares and a few basic questions. Who are you? What do you want? Like an IRA bar in Ireland or certain Italian restaurants in Boston's North End, Costa Azul maintains an insular tribal loyalty that binds the men together. There is no such thing as a casual visit to these quarters. A local fisherman suggests why the scene is so edgy: You want to see what's really going on in the Chiapas region? Go out to the island at two a.m. and watch all the narco-boats running north; they are moving two million dollars a night in cocaine up this coast. The entire police force for the state of Oaxaca [just north of Chiapas] has been paid off.
Alvarenga was not a narco or willing to run even the occasional cocaine bale up the coast, despite the promise of riches. At sea off the coast of Mexico, he had seen the savage fate of fishermen who gambled in the business of Los Kilos and run afoul of drug lords. Once he had motored up to a fisherman's half-sunken boat and found the hull riddled with bullets. He tried to haul it home but it sank. There was no sign of the crew. Being eaten alive by sharks was probably the least violent way they could have died. At least sharks didn't torture.
When he arrived in Costa Azul, Alvarenga said little. His actions spoke volumes as he quietly found a broom and began sweeping the streets, picking trash up from the docks and making himself a home under a tree. As he opened up to the locals, Alvarenga's enthusiasm, his generosity in lending a helping hand to local fishermen and his diligent sweeping up of the touristy part of town quietly impressed them. Without anyone telling him what to do, he would pitch in, he was always helping. That is how you win people over, recalls Jarocho, a veteran fisherman who works in Costa Azul. Alvarenga appeared too clean and organized to be a vagabond yet he shared few personal details regarding his past. When he chose, he was a dazzling storyteller, eager and able to entertain the audience as he unveiled stories of his adventures at sea.
A local chef initially paid the stout and muscled young man for his labor in food. Then he gave him a few fifty-peso notes [worth four dollars], and before the first month was over Alvarenga gained work as a fisherman's assistant. These jobs fixing the lines are boring but he liked to bring them in perfect, remembers Jarocho. He would say, 'Boss, Boss, this one lacks twenty hooks.' And if the nets weren't stored just right he would unroll them and he would fold it perfectly; he would say, 'This is what brings in the money, a missing hook here and there and you catch less.' He would always pay attention to the details.
Alvarenga's goal in Costa Azul was to join up with its clan of some one hundred fishermen. The protected lagoon allowed them to escape the wrath of seasonal winds that form in the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea but through a quirk of geography hit hardest on this, the Pacific side of Mexico. These storms begin in the Gulf of Mexico then swirl southwest, where the winds are channeled through a narrow gap in the Sierra Madre mountains. The bottleneck doubles or triples the wind speed—meaning that a fresh 20 mph wind in the Caribbean Sea comes out as a 60 mph blast that scientists describe as a wind jet.
This screaming wind tunnel blasts into the Gulf of Tehuantepec, an area just off the coast of Costa Azul. For years Alvarenga had been fishing farther south—near the Guatemalan border—but he knew the deadly legacy of these storms was measured in missing boats and lost fishermen. He had heard late-night stories of being trapped by winds that locals simply called a Norteño. These northern winds were so frequent that local newscasts did not even bother to give them a proper name like Katrina or Sandy, but simply referred to them as Cold Front #6 or Cold Front #26 and warned fishermen to stay at port.
This wind tunnel is so notorious and well marked on nautical charts that sailboats often chart a detour hundreds of miles out to sea to avoid the dreaded Gulf winds. During the winter months . . . you can expect gales almost every day . . . winds of fifty to sixty knots [70–80 mph] are not uncommon, reads a description in Roads Less Traveled, a respected online travel guide. Every year, hapless vessels both large and small get caught out in the 200-mile-wide gulf when it shows its malicious side. Even large ships are unable to resist the storm force winds and fast building and breaking seas. Vessels have no option but to turn downwind and brace themselves for a long and frightening ride south and out to sea for 200 to 300 miles, at which point the effects of the Tehuantepec winds begin to fade.
If ever there was a place not to head to sea in a small, easy-to-roll boat, this was it. But jobs are scarce in Chiapas. Overfishing has decimated the fish population along entire stretches of the Mexican and Central American coast. The high-value fish—what's left of them—are driven farther out to sea. So the fishermen follow. To fill the icebox, these fishermen now commute 50 miles, 75 miles and even 100 miles off the Chiapas coast. Only after a dangerous five-hour trip crashing through the waves can they cut the motor, drop their 2-mile-long line studded with up to seven hundred hooks and hope the tuna, mahimahi, marlin and sharks are biting. Sharks are their preferred catch. Unlike some nations where only the fins are sold, in Mexico shark steak is a traditional offering on restaurant menus. Despite attempts at conservation and evidence of a population collapse, thousands of tons of sharks are hauled every year from the dangerous waters of the Gulf of Tehuantepec.
In recompense for the risks, fishermen are paid minimal wages. They live on the long tail of a global economy that prices a single half-pound serving of tuna at $25 in the Costa Azul resort restaurants but for which they earn only 40 cents. But when the fish are running and a sixty-hour shift can earn a man $250 cash, straight into his pocket, there are no limits on the fervor and party madness that erupts on Costa Azul's left bank. A band of outcasts and society's castaways, they are bound together in tribal unity and by the codes and deadly instincts of professional hunters. The Wolfman explains the philosophy in simple, deadly terms. Poverty makes you do strange things. Poor people have to do whatever is necessary to get food. If you don't have a job other than fishing in the ocean, what option do you have?
Like fishermen in villages worldwide, the local crews that launch from Costa Azul face a bleak future: give up fishing or every few years adjust to the realities of overfishing and travel farther out to sea. Alvarenga chose the latter. He didn't even see it as a risk. He preferred to live on the water. In his first thirty years, life on land had provided as many problems as pleasures—some nearly fatal, as a pair of deep scars on his head and arms so clearly attested.
The bar fight was partly his fault—Alvarenga was drunk and rowdy that night at the bar in El Salvador—but four men versus one? Or was it six versus two? Alvarenga stood no chance of winning the fight, and not content with punching him to the floor of the bar, the hooligans took Alvarenga outside, stabbed him repeatedly and left him for dead in the street. When his mother showed up to recover her son she said a prayer and called a priest—clearly her son was about to die. But Alvarenga fought back. He never lost consciousness and he comforted his mom, told her to hold on, that he wasn't leaving yet.
Alvarenga received eleven stab wounds, three broken ribs and a concussion. His memories of that signature event are scattered, as he only remembered waking up inside a hospital room covered in bandages. Doctors were impressed that he lived. Three weeks later when he returned to his home in the small village of Garita Palmera, he received a new shock. In his absence, someone had slit the throat of one of his assailants. A war of revenge commenced and Alvarenga was allegedly next on the hit list. El Salvador has a murder rate that regularly out-bleeds Baghdad and Kabul. Alvarenga knew all too well the Spanish saying Pueblo Chico, Infierno Grande [ Little Town, Big Hell ] and was fearful that he would be killed before the year was out. Friends begged him to flee, called him stupid for staying a day more. Alvarenga tried to make a go of it in town, but the shadow of violence was never far. He went on the run—not just out of town but out of the country. He stopped running in Guatemala, where he lived under a false name, and then migrated to Mexico. He'd left behind his entire life, including his girlfriend, his parents and Fatima, his one-year-old daughter.
He went on the run and found his refuge aboard boats. Alvarenga never felt steady on land, as if solid ground was an illusion for a spinning planet. Home was a rocking boat, far from shore and its false advertising of stability. At sea he felt free.
Rising through the ranks during his four years in Costa Azul, Alvarenga ruffled few feathers as he bounced from boss to boss, searching for his ideal balance of independence, cash and decent treatment. I will tell you something, I am very protective of my family, and I invited him to eat at my house. Why? He looked and acted like a good person. I would tell him to sleep at my house, and we gave him a hammock, says Jarocho. Eventually, in a privilege rare among his tribe, Alvarenga was awarded private living quarters.
In time, various fishing patrones competed to lure Alvarenga away from his current boss. They were constantly tempting him with offers of a new boat, new lines and gear in exchange for switching teams and home port. Alvarenga, however, was content in his position—he earned enough to live out his modest fantasies and, unlike in his native El Salvador, the violence in Mexico tended to focus around the drug trade and its easily identifiable tentacles. If he avoided that world, he could revel in the simple anonymity of life in Costa Azul.
Alvarenga was free to work as hard, as long and as sporadically as his party lifestyle permitted. During his four years in Costa Azul, he was rarely involved in fights or ugly incidents. His longtime fishing partner Ray explains, I never saw him get into a fight except when some guys were breaking up the furniture at Doña Mina's [a local restaurant]. There was an ugly fight with chains and you could tell this guy knew how to rumble. But he was always looking for a laugh, he was the life of the party.
Alvarenga's own scarred history plus a decade of watching colleagues drink themselves into jail had convinced him that he was safer drinking and partying with a few trusted friends than mixing it up at the tequila-infused cantinas that his fellow fishermen routinely trashed. For Alvarenga it was the ideal lifestyle. Four-day drinking binges might be followed by ten days of nonstop fishing. Or vice versa. Hangovers were inconsequential at this stage in Alvarenga's life—he either drank them off or went on a two-day fast where his body simply purged the alcohol out of his pores. Despite brutal thirty- or sixty-hour shifts far from shore in the open ocean, he never complained. Optimism was his trademark. Even if he didn't catch more than one or two fish, which for many guys would have made them sad, he always came in happy, says Bellarmino Rodríguez Beyz, who was his direct supervisor onshore, a former colleague and a close friend. Even if he had nothing when he came to shore he would be yelling as he docked his boat, 'I nailed it, absolutely nailed it.' Oblivious or immune to the woes of the world, Alvarenga lived in peace, the type of guy who could snore on a public bus, allow his head to slump onto a random shoulder in the movies or dream under a tree in a park.
Decidedly low tech and dangerous, the fishing operations out of Costa Azul allowed a man to gamble with his life and his luck. No patrón would ever order a man out to sea if a sudden Norteño storm was forecast, and unlike larger, more commercial ports along the Mexican coastline, in Costa Azul there was no pesky harbormaster with the ability to prevent boats from heading to sea during raucous weather. Each man was free to calculate (or miscalculate) the cost/benefits for himself, to stay ashore or head out to sea. Alvarenga, a simple but generous man who could barely read and could write little more than his name, reveled in this ancient mariner's world. He saw beauty in the simplicity. One long line with seven hundred hooks. A small fishing boat. One mate. Scattered on the deck of his boat were the ingredients of his life: the assorted flotsam of knives, buckets and bloodstained utensils. Man versus the elements. It fit his style. If you are a real fisherman, you fall in love with the ocean, said Alvarenga. Some fishermen like to go out one day and then stay ashore the next, not me. As soon and as often as I could, I went out to sea until the bosses told me not to. It is love because the ocean gives you food, she provides money and it is a habit. When you love the ocean you love the adrenaline, the energy. You battle the ocean. It is your enemy. You share combat and you fight. She might kill you but you are defying death.
Alvarenga risked his life every time he ignored the warnings to stay in port and instead braved the sea seeking an extra day's catch. He was confident he could outmaneuver the waves and routinely arrived home with his icebox packed to the brim, a thousand pounds of fresh fish testament to his skill and courage. When fellow fishermen were flipped, sunk or lost, Alvarenga was among the first to volunteer to search for missing colleagues, regularly risking his life to do so. All this bravery made him very attractive to many local women. Alvarenga laughed as he described the chaos when girlfriends crossed paths outside his humble beach home. "My boss Mino used to radio me from shore and say 'Warning! Warning! Multiple women outside your palapa!' When that happened it was better to stay at sea."
The evening of Thursday, November 15, 2012, was a moment to celebrate. Packed on ice in two trucks lay four thousand pounds of fresh fish from the deep sea: tuna, marlin, mahimahi, hammerhead and thresher shark. A hundred miles offshore—where only the bravest fishermen dared travel—everything was biting. At the market price of 20 Mexican pesos a kilo—roughly 70 cents a pound and subtracting the 50 percent share for the boss and huge gasoline expenses, the men had, on average, US$150 in pocket. In a local economy where a meal for two cost $4 and a beachside hotel room ran $7 a night, each man packed a substantial bankroll.
The compañeros were together and a beach party commenced. Instead of a three-day bender, the men were raging half speed. With the fish biting, most planned to drink only until two a.m., catch a few hours' sleep, then head out to sea after breakfast. A northern storm was forecast, which meant dry, gusty winds, sometimes reaching hurricane strength, but no rain. This was likely the last shift for days—there would be plenty of time for heavy-duty partying while they waited out the cold front.


text:
Real-time monitoring of the remaining useful life of an electronic system with a data-based approach
Löwen, Belgien
PhD position
Dr. Bart Vandevelde from VZW Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum (IMEC) in Leuven, Belgium, Dr. Onur Atak and Dr. Gwendal Jouan from Siemens Industry Software NV in Leuven, Belgium are looking for a PhD candidate to join a three-year research training within the EU-funded MCSA industrial doctorate MIRELAI. You will be enrolled in the PhD programme of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and supervised by Dr. Bart Vandevelde (IMEC) and Prof. Mathias Verbekes (KU Leuven).
The aim of this PhD track is to develop an AI methodology, using machine learning (ML) approaches, to predict the remaining useful lifetime of electronic systems by fusing data obtained from both sensors and simulations. The idea is to use the ML-based approach to compensate for the limitations of an approach that relies solely on simulations (uncertainty on the material parameters etc.). The simulation data will be based on a model developed in a parallel PhD track with which close collaboration is expected. Experimental validation of the methodology will also be carried out.
As a PhD candidate, you will be employed for 18 months each by IMEC and Siemens. During the placement at Siemens, you will also undertake a 1-month placement at Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL), supervised by Prof. Dieter Gruber and Dr. Peter Fuchs.
The successful candidate will benefit from an innovation-driven industrial environment. Personalised career development plans will be established to support the needs of the PhD candidate. The Phd candidate will receive an attractive salary in accordance with the MSCA regulations.
Expected start date: The individual PhD project is set to start between 01-02-2023 and 01-04-2023
The requirements for this position are:
Specific Eligibility Criteria on the Horizon Europe: Marie Skłodowska-Curie (MSCA) programme apply, including the mobility rule and PhD rules. Applicants of any nationality are welcome.
The candidate should have a strong background in modelling and data science, with a master's degree in mechanical/electrical/mathematical engineering or related fields.
An experience with statistics and machine learning is a strong plus.
English proficiency.
not have resided or carried out their main activity (work, studies, etc.) in Belgium for more than 12 months in the 36 months immediately before the recruitment date — unless as part of a compulsory national service or a procedure for obtaining refugee status under the Geneva Convention
Complete applications in English should include:
CV* and Letter of motivation
English language proficiency certificate(s) (not for native speakers)
* The CV must be signed by the candidate and has to bear the following sentence concerning the management of candidate's personal data: "The undersigned Name and Surname authorizes the management of his/her personal data contained in the application documents as foreseen by the European Regulation 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and declares to be aware of the rights of the data subject as listed in Chapter III of the aforementioned European Regulation".
Kapeldreef 75 Löwen, Belgien
Elektrotechnik, , Maschinenbau, , Maschinelles Lernen, , Statistik, , Computergestützte Mathematik, und 1 mehr Künstliche Intelligenz
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Mancinelli's Auto Repair Center is the trusted destination for Infiniti service and repair in Downtown Denver. Our auto mechanics are ready and willing to get your Infiniti running in tip-top shape. Upon arrival at our auto repair shop, our team will perform a thorough, methodical inspection, keeping an eye out for any issues that could jeopardize the safety of you, your passengers, or your Infiniti.
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"Great mechanics, honest, dependable! I have been going here for a couple of years now. I always feel like I am getting the best service and honest service. The owner Steve has a great team, Mike will explain everything you do need and not try to sell you something you do not need, and Renee will get you scheduled for service at a time that works for your schedule. If your looking for a great local mechanic please support Mancinelli's!" -- Tim T.
When you arrive at our auto repair shop in Downtown Denver for Infiniti service, our auto mechanics will perform a digital inspection, searching for any sign, big or small, of trouble. And when you leave, we will send you off with a safe and reliable vehicle, popcorn, emery boards, post-it notes, and chapstick. With Mancinelli's Auto Repair Center, it is all about the little things. Please call us, schedule an appointment, or visit us. We're located at 375 Logan Street, Denver, CO 80203, and are open Monday through Friday, from 7:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.


It is unique in the Roman World. A spectacular and complex stone barrier measuring 74 miles long, and up to 15 feet high and 10 feet thick. For 300 years Hadrian's Wall stood as the Roman Empire's most imposing frontier and one of the unsung wonders of the ancient world. Almost 2,000 years after it was built, Hadrian's Wall is proving to be a magical time capsule – a window into the human past. Archaeologists have properly excavated less than 1per cent of it, but they have unearthed extraordinary findings. With presenter Julian Richards Timewatch journeys back through time to unlock the secrets of a lost world. Archaeologists have unearthed the most powerful and colourful insights in the military purpose of the wall bat also into the political and social life of the Roman Empire. Returning to Vindolanda, one of the Roman Forts, to recommence a dig on the Commanders House, hoping to find evidence that Hadrian himself had stayed there on his visit to the wall and to unlock further secrets about his army. Unearthing an astonishing collection of 1,500 Roman Commanders, soldiers, slaves and their families at the empires Northern frontier. The secrets of Hadrian's Wall is an evocative and visual journey along the wall and back through time. An extraordinary collection of archaeological findings bring a unique understanding not only of the wall and the people who built and defended it, but also of the Roman's whose empire dominated Europe for half a Millennium.


The Coull Quartet currently records for Somm Records, and their disc of quartets by Maw and Britten has received universal acclaim. In addition to being featured in 'Editor's Choice' in Gramophone, it was also described as a 'Benchmark Recording' by BBC Music Magazine. Their latest two CDs, of music by Sibelius and Ian Venables have received excellent reviews in the major musical publications.
As well as performing most works from the classical and romantic repertoire, their impressive list of commissioned works includes quartets by Nicholas Maw, Robert Simpson, David Matthews and Edward Cowie. Future plans include a tour of Brazil in the Autumn of 2012; performances of a new work by Sally Beamish for string quartet and baritone Roderick Williams, and UK-wide performances of Ping!
Ping! is a collaboration between composer Joe Cutler, the Coull String Quartet and Fusion table tennis club and explores the distinct sounds and rhythms that table tennis players create. The piece builds from intricate cross-rhythms between table tennis players, a string quartet and a soundtrack.
The performance of Ping! by the Coull Quartet will be recorded by the BBC at Warwick Arts Centre, 3rd March 2012 and broadcast on BBC Radio 3 on 19th May 2012.


We are delighted to announce that Margaret Bamford OBE DL, has been appointed to the role of Volunteer Coordinator for the Collective, for an initial period of 6 months.
Margaret has a wealth of experience in the voluntary sector and is enormously supportive of the shop. She will take over responsibility for volunteer recruitment, support, and the shop duty rota, and will work closely with our Trainer, Annie Whitchurch.
We are grateful to all our fantastic volunteers for their continuing commitment and we wish Margaret well in her new role.


text:
Day at the Capitol
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Home | Legislative Update: 4/30/10
Legislative Update: 4/30/10
House Moves Omnibus HHS Bill and Senate To Act on Monday
The House HHS bill that passed out of the Finance committee this week reduces spending for HHS programs by $18.4 million in FY10 and $147.9 million in FY11. Although the bill is not available, the Senate released its spreadsheet, which reduces spending by $6.69 million in FY10 and $113.4 million in FY11. Both bills provide significant relief, compared to a $346 million reduction proposed by the Governor and the GAMC bill that passed earlier. The House and Senate cover the GAMC population (under 75% of FPG) under Medical Assistance (MA) through the early opt-in allowed under the federal reform and also maintain coverage for single adults in MNCare.
The bills differ in how they generate revenue to fund this expansion. The House has an HMO surcharge, 7.5% ratable reduction for hospitals and makes other reductions for providers. Originally, the surcharge was 7%, but was increased to generate revenue to exempt Children's Hospitals and Gillette from the ratable, as well increase Gillette's outpatient rates. The House also makes other cuts to providers. The Senate increases the hospital surcharge to 2.63% July 1, 2010 and 2.3% January 1, 2011. The HMO and nursing home surcharge is also increased to generate revenue along with other reductions to HMO's and providers. There is a 3% rate reduction for PMAP and the 10% rate reduction for MNCare adults over 75% of income that generate $42 million and $14.7 million respectively that cannot be passed on to providers. In addition, the Senate delays hospital rebasing until 2013. Neither bill cuts the MERC funding as proposed by the Governor. The House bill made deep cuts in mental health services for both adults and children, while leaving the state-operated services untouched. Minnesota NAMI lead the charge against the deep cuts, especially for children's mental health, and it appears that there will be an amendment in Ways and Means to restore some of the funding.
The House bill will be in Way's and Means on Monday and could be on the floor Monday or Tuesday.
House HHS HF 2614
Increases surcharge on HMO's to 2.5% effective July 1, 2011 for fee for service and January 1, 2012 for PMAP.
Ratably reduces payments for inpatient admissions 7.5% beginning June 1, 2010. Exempts Children's Hospitals and Gillette from ratable.
Increases pharmacy dispensing fee for sole-community pharmacies from $3.65 to $4.25.
Sets the acquisition price of drugs of Average wholesale price (AWP) minus 12.5% or wholesale acquisition costs (WAC) plus 5.0%, whichever is lower. Current law is AWP minus 15%. Also sets the antihemophilic factor drugs at AWP minus 28.12 or WAC minus 13.76%. Current law is AWP minus 30%.
Oral interpreters services are covered only if the interpreter is on the registry or roster established by the commissioner, effective July 1, 2010.
Allows commissioner to purchase medical supplies with competitive bidding and negotiating.
Sets income level for single adults to 75% of FPG retroactively to April 1, 2010 for MA. Funds with HCAF.
Requires authorization for PT (80 unites of any approved CPT code: 20 modality sessions; and 3 evaluations/reevaluations) OT (120 units and 1 evaluation) and Speech Language (50 treatment and 1 evaluation) that exceeds certain units of treatment, modalities, and evaluations and re-evaluations. Eliminates special maintenance therapy. The Governor recommended elimination.
Amends current dental service coverage and partially restores funding for critical access. The Governor recommended elimination.
Pays traditional licensed midwives up to 100% of the physician rate for the same services.
Reduces non-emergency co-payments for ER's from $6 to $3.50 and increases the monthly maximum from $7 to $12.
Establishes a payment reform demonstration project for providers serving an identified group of patients who are enrolled in a state health care program and are high utilizers or have characteristics that put them at risk of being high utilizers. The goal is to reduce hospitalizations, ER visits, high cost medications, specialty services, or nursing home or long term care. Projects serving patients with chronic medical conditions or complex medical needs that are complicated by a physical disability, serious mental illness, or serious socio-economic factors, are given priority. Requires that project reduces total cost of care.
Intensive Management Care Program is established for enrollees over 18 in the top 5% of costs. Requires the program to reduce costs by 20%.
Increases rates to HMOS after August 1, 2010 by 1.4%.
Reduces payments made to HMO's by 1% on January 1, 2011.
Exempts rehab therapy services from the 5% ratable reduction in current law effective July 1, 2010. Section 32, reduces payment by 3% and classifies them as basic care services.
Physicians and professional services
Reduces by 3% effective July 1, 2010. Does not apply to preventive medicine visits provided by primary care providers that includes pediatricians. Makes the payment reduction effective for HMO's October 1, 2010.
Increases payments to HealthPartners clinics by15%.
Payments for services can't exceed Medicare.
Increases fee for service payments by 7% effective January 1, 2011
Prohibits the Commissioner from modifiying state programs before July 1, 2014 under financial management statute.
Requires MnCare to offer supplemental hospital coverage to pay for costs over $10,000 and must state that adults without children in MnCare are responsible for the amount over $10,000.
Makes changes to critical access dental providers that limit the number of eligible providers.
Includes Medication therapy management as a covered service under GAMC between April 1 and May 31.
CCD's clarifies that enrollees should choose a provider when there is more than one, what is within 25 miles of their home. Changes the schedule of quarterly payments. Non CCD hospitals that transfer patients to receive a higher level of care are not reimbursed by the CCD and are only eligible for the charity care pool. Add ambulance service to charity care pool; if transfer is more than 25 miles form the health care facility receiving the patient. Extends charity care pool to December 31, 2010.
Article 5, Miscellaneous
Oral Cancer Chemotherapy Parity—requires HMO's and insurance policies to have parity for the purpose of out of pocket costs for intravenous and oral chemo therapy agents. Effective August 1, 2010.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Coverage (page 76)
Creates a new mandate for specific services for autism spectrum disorder. Specifies coverage, treatment providers, and services. Exempts the State Employee Plan (SEGIP) and state health plans due to the fiscal note, however the new language requires that plans maintain their current level of coverage. Some of the plans cover some of these services and some don't. Several families of autistic children testified in favor of the bill. The Somali community expressed concern that they were being discriminated as they won't have coverage under MA or MnCare, or SEGIP as they are exempt—except for the plans that currently provide the coverage. Appropriates $50,000 to monitor the gaps in level of service provided in state health programs, SEGIP, and private health plans.
HMO Reporting
Adds amounts paid to contractors, subcontractors, and other entities for the purpose of managing provider utilization or distributing provider payments to the current reporting requirement.
Coverage for Private Duty Nursing Services
Requires a health plan to pay for private duty nursing services at the same level as Medical Assistance. Allows for cost sharing at inpatient hospital stay. Effective July 1, 2010.
Advisory Group on State Operated Services
Establishes an advisory group to make recommendations on the transformation of state services for individuals with mental illness and developmental disabilities to access quality care across the state. The bill does not make the SOS reductions proposed by the Governor.
Cambridge State Operated Services (SOS)
Allows Cambridge to reorganized into two 16 bed facilities, one for DD and one for MH, with the remaining beds converted to transitional intensive foster homes.
Pilot Projects for Chemical Dependency
Allows the DHS to approve and implement pilot projects that were authorized last session to provide alternatives to and enhance coordination of delivery of chemical health services. Projects must be revenue neutral.
Creates an office to enhance anti-fraud activities.
Article 6, Department of Health
HMO Administrative and Investment Income Reporting
Establishes reporting requirements for HMO's and establishes an advisory group to develop cost reporting recommendations.
E Health Records and Health Information Exchange (page 95)
Ensure all information follows the patient across the full continuum of care.
Prevent fragmentation of health information that can occur when there is lack of interoperability or cooperation between health information exchange providers.
Ensures that organizations are adhering to nationally recognized standards.
Ensure patient privacy and security.
Ensure that that MN infrastructure is in place by 2010 to allow Minnesota providers and hospitals to achieve meaningful use.
Establishes criteria, oversight and fees.
Birth Center Licensing (page 109)
Adds birth centers as an essential community provider. Establishes licensure for birth centers using the Commission for the Accreditation of Birth Centers (CABC) standards. Includes other professionals in reviewing birth center outcomes including representative of the College of OB/GYM, American Academy of Pediatrics, the Minnesota Hospital Association, and the Minnesota Ambulance Association to the list of those evaluating the quality of care and outcomes for service providing in birth centers.
Lead Levels
Allows the Commissioner of Health to revise clinical and case management guidelines by January 1, 2011, to reflect new recommendations for protective action and follow-up services for child blood lead levels that exceed 5 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood. Requires the commissioner to consult with a statewide organization representing physicians, the public health department of Minneapolis and other public health departments, and nonprofits with expertise in lead abatement. The revised new guidelines must be implemented to the extent possible with available resources. Appropriates $79,000 to revise the guidelines.
Article 7, Health Care Reform
Baskets of Care/Accountable Care Organizations (ACO)
Requires DHS to establish uniform definitions for the total cost of provide all necessary services to a patient through and ACO as specified in the federal reform bill. Permits an ACO to establish package pricing for the baskets of care currently in statute (coronary artery disease and heart disease, diabetes, asthma and depression). Beginning July 1, 2012 prohibits and ACO from varying the payment amount that the provider or organization accepts for full payment for services. Requires quality measurements for ACO's by June 30, 2012, and published comparative price and quality information on the total cost of care by January 1, 2013.
Coordinated Medical Homes (page 119)
Requires DHS to provide MA coverage of medical homes for eligible individuals with chronic conditions who select a designated provider, a team of health care professionals, or a health teams as the individual's home in compliance with the federal reform bill. To be eligible, the individual must have two chronic conditions, one chronic condition and be at risk of developing a second, or one serious and persistent mental illness. Defines what services must be included and to the extent possible that they are consistent with the requirements and payments for health care homes under MA. Allows the commissioner to modify the requirements to be consistent with the federal law.
Federal Health Care Reform Demonstration Project
Requires the DHS to apply for grants in the federal reform including:
Evaluation of integrated care around hospitalization. (section 2704)
MA global payment system (Section 2705)
Pediatric ACO (2706)
MA emergency psychiatrist (Section 3707) and
Grants to provide incentives for prevention of chronic diseases (section 4108).
Health Care Reform Task Force
Requires the Governor to establish a task force to advise and assist in the implementation of the federal health care reform bill. Requires a report on recommendations by December 15, 2010.
Federal Health Care Exchange
Requires state to apply for one or more planning grants relating to establishing the exchange. Also requires the state to consider whether the exchange should be established before the federal deadline of January 1, 2014.
Reduces adult and children's mental health grants by $15 million. Also reduces payments to counties for these services. Some are done on one time basis and as mentioned earlier may be restored in Ways and Means.
Provides $8.5 million in FY12 and 13 for SHIP grants. These are one time additions.
$2.5 million for community clinics and $2.5 million for FQHC's with priority to medical underserved areas of the state not served by a CCD.
Reduces CD fund payments, moves the CD Fund cash balance to the general fund and makes changes to CD fund payments based on new payment methodology, for providers with above average rates. Caps payments at 160% of average.
Senate HHS Bill Ready Monday
The Senate committee released its spread sheet this week, but no bill. Based on the spread sheet, the Senate cuts $113 million for the FY10/11 biennium.
The following are included:
Expands MA to single adults under 75% of poverty ($115 million) Uses HACF
Hospital Surcharge of 2.63% July 1, 2010 and 2.3% January 1, 2011, by $43 million. Hospitals receive roughly $35 million back in various adjustments to their MA rates.
Delays hospital rebasing through January 1, 2013. Cuts $9.2 million in FY11 and $94 million in FY12/13.
Does not cut critical access to the extent proposed by the Governor.
Funds asthma demonstration project expansion.
Does not eliminate adult rehab services (PT, OT, Speech language)
Increases managed care withhold
Enacts HMO Surcharge
Reduces payments to HMO's by 10% for MnCare single adults above 75% of poverty and non administration MA reduction of 3% effective 7/1/2010 that can not be passed on to providers.
Partially funds State Operated Service Increase
Increases pharmacy board budget—to fund NASPER.
Does not cut MERC
Does not eliminate coverage for single adults in MnCare
Does not eliminate rural DRG Add on.
Does not cut state operated services.
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text:
Q: Is it safe to return "this" from a Spring bean method? I want to create a chain api on a prototype bean.
@Component
@Scope(scopeName = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public class ReportGenerator {
    List lines = new ArrayList();
    public ReportGenerator append(String line){
        lines.add(line);
        return this;
    }

}

public class SomeSingletonBean{

    @Autowire
    ReportGenerator rg;

    void doSomeWork(){
      rg.append("a").append("b");
    }
}

The above seems to work fine.
But is this safe in all cases?
Also, can I safely do the same in a bean scoped "session"?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
H-Ware
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AEAF is a celebration of VFX and Animation, Games and Immersive media. AEAF includes the prestigious AEAF Awards, Speaker Program and Technology Showcase. AEAF is always online where hundreds of entries to the Awards are viewed by digital artists worldwide.
AEAF Speaker Program
The Speaker Program is a day of talks from leading digital artists from major studios such as WETA Digital, Animal Logic, DNEG, MPC, Framestore and many others. Top VFX Supervisors, Animation Directors and artists give talks on the latest techniques developed on major projects from around the world on VFX, animation, motion graphics and immersive media inspire and teach AEAF attendees.
AEAF Awards
The AEAF Awards recognise and reward excellence and creativity in 20 categories of competition. Winners of AEAF Awards include premier post production and effects companies, and many of the world's top film studios and visual effects houses.
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AEAF is highly influential in the purchasing decisions of the industry, showcasing content creators' experiences with new software, hardware and emergi ng technologies and pointing the way to the computing needs of the future. The AEAF 2019 Awards and Speaker Day will take place on 16 August in Sydney.
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102 best restaurant recipes
something different for supper tonight,22 most requested recipes ever
How Did John Fletcher Die,Whodini's John 'Ecstasy' Fletcher Dies at 56 – Variety|2021-01-02
How Did Whodini's John Fletcher Die? Tribute Messages Pour …
An official cause of death has yet to be determined.There are other dark imaginings around the kids show on channels like Reddit.John Fletcher, the rapper better known as Ecstasy from the 1980s hip-hop group Whodini, has reportedly passed away.Happy new year gifs 2021 pictures, photos, and illustrations.They managed to get two of their albums, Back in Black (not related to AC / DC) and Open Sesame, to be gold, but without a doubt, their greatest achievement was their second album, Escape, which managed to go platinum, one of the first albums of hip hop history to achieve this status.It's things like that that I want to replicate through my artwork.The cause of death was unclear at the time of this article's publication; he was 56.Wells was married to talent agent Larry Rosen when she was hired for the Gilligan cast.We came up with the name Whodini, threw caution to the wind and watched as these two kids out of Brooklyn conquered the world and set the pace and tone for a generation of rappers that came after them.A third stabbing victim was treated and released from a hospital.
What Happened To John Fletcher Of The Hip-hop Group 'Whodini'?
and Ice Cube's Friday movies often referenced Whodini songs like 'Friends' and 'Freaks.Finally, the theory ends with Grandma Pig, who is the last to die."Crushed the discover that John Fletcher, aka Ecstasy of the legendary rap group Whodini just crossed the water at age 56.Here is My Dainty Soul Curry's Kitchen conversion chart.Too many hits! Condolences to his fam.Marshal Matt Dillon keeps the peace in rough and tumble Dodge City.The group followed in 1986 with the Smith-helmed "Back in Black," and were second on the bill on Run-DMC's "Raising Hell Tour" that year — in a reflection of their status, they were billed above LL Cool J and the Beastie Boys.Whodini remained a part of everyone's memory and received numerous accolades including VH1's Hip Hop Honors (2007) and the Black Music Honors, 2018 for the Hip Hop Icon Award.One of the most underappreciated voices in hip-hop.With many IBMA Awards and a Grammy Award, Tony was a gracious recipient of the International Bluegrass Music Association's highest honor as an inductee into their Hall of Fame in 2013.
Whodini Rapper John 'Ecstasy' Fletcher Dead At 56
Tune in today to stay updated with all the latest news and headlines from the world of entertainment.It can edit up to 256 videos, audio, and still image clips.Remembering John Fletcher, veteran writer Nelson George penned on Twitter, "Another blow in a bad year.The former WWE star's wife Amanda Huber announced the devastating news in an Instagram post paying tribute to her late husband.Fresh and the other was Ecstacy of Whodini.The father-of-two, who is also known as Brodie Lee, died on Boxing Day at the age of 41 after a hard-fought battle with a non-COVID-19 related lung issue.To date, their music holds the same spot in the hearts of the people.The fluid ounce has two different measurements – there's the US fluid ounce and the UK fluid ounce.Dre, Tupac, Nas and more than 150 others. Wanting to leave a memory or simply their condolences to the family, practically the whole world of pro-wrestling thought about it, from the current colleagues of the wrestler, to the former colleagues of the WWE, passing through the COO of the Stamford company and coming up to to the president of the AEW, Tony Khan.
Hip-hop legend Ecstasy of Whodini has died at the age of 56.23) via a social-media post paying tribute to the veteran rapper.This is sad man.Always there to reassure with advice and tips.So, here is everything you need to know about what happened to John Fletcher:.Even being contemporaries of large groups such as Run DMC or The fat boys, they managed to leave their own mark, partly thanks to their mix between rap and R&B and, on the other hand, thanks to the high quality of not only their songs but also of your records.Personality, humour, and hooks".Video quality is poor because I was too busy dancing!" recalled a fan.This is sad man.John's death was announced Wednesday by Questlove, who remembers Fletcher as a legendary and a pivotal member of one of the most legendary groups in hip-hop.Questlove shared the news Wednesday in an Instagram post, paying homage from one legend to another.
Report: John "Ecstasy" Fletcher Of Whodini Passes Away …
Whodini is a trio of Hip Hop artists born in Brooklyn, United States and made up of vocalists Jalil Hutchins, John " Ecstasy " Fletcher and DJ Drew " Grandmaster Dee " Carter and they have 4 albums released in the 80's and 2 in the 90s'.John's brother, Douglas Fletcher, admitted the news of the singer's death came as a shock to everyone.You will be missed!" read one comment.Wells, who died on Tuesday at age 82 of causes related to COVID-19, was one of dozens of actresses to audition for the role of Mary Ann Summers — but she said that her casting came down to hair color.Magic and followed with a self-titled album (including production from white electronic music artists Conny Plank and Thomas Dolby) in '83.Lacey Chabert and Brennan Elliott are fan favorites from their All of My Heart Hallmark movie series."This man was legendary and a pivotal member of one of the most legendary groups in hip hop.Granted, some of that has to do with its source material.
Whodini, managed by Russell Simmons during their 80s heyday, was one of the earliest acts to combine rap with rock, and they were the first to perform live with b-boy dancers.He has over 80 peer-reviewed scholarly publications and numerous editorials.In 2012, Whodini was featured in an episode of Unsung detailing their rise in the industry.This countdown ends happy new years eve which is the most interesting part of the celebration.John Fletcher created Whodini with singer Jalil Hutchins in New York, 1982, before signing with the Jive Records.Then, on the night before Christmas, she posted an actual video of herself having sex with what I can only assume to be her boyfriend… and the clip is awkward and cringe-worthy.Whodini's John Fletcher, also known as Ecstasy, has passed away at 56.Recently, the group's Grand Master Dee confirmed the same to Variety.Her fans are amazed after watching that unexpected video.
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text:
<?php
namespace Dinnovos\Amazonas\Models;

/**
* @Table("posts")
*/
Class PostModel extends Base\PostModelBase
{

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Compact linear operator on Hilbert space with no eigenvectors I have this question given to me as a Homework problem. I suspect there must be a typo somewhere. Can anyone confirm this for me?

Suppose $H$ is a Hilbert space with a countable basis $\{\phi_k\}$.
  Let $T:H\rightarrow H$ be a linear map defined via $$ T(\phi_k)=
 \frac{1}{k} \phi_k, \forall k.$$ Show that $T$ is compact, but it has
  no eigenvectors.

I can show compactness no problem. However, based on the statement, I think the $\phi_k$ are eigenvectors with eigenvalue $\frac{1}{k}$. Therefore, something is wrong with the question. Am I correct? If not, where is the flaw in my reasoning?

A: You are correct. They were likely trying to write
$$
T\phi_k=\tfrac1k\,\phi_{k+1}
$$
or something like that.


text:
Are Open Access and Traditional Publishers in the Same Business?
By Kent Anderson
There are industries that use the same raw materials, yet are not the same. Commercial firms that deliver purified water to companies consume water, fuel, and vehicles. Yet, not a single one is in competition with the local swimming pool company.
Guys trucking 5-gallon water jugs around to offices are doing something with the same materials that is completely different than what the other company — digging, lining, and purifying your swimming pool — is doing.
So, are open access publishers and traditional publishers really in the same business?
This question was raised recently in a comment thread, and it stuck in my mind. Luckily, I run a blog, and I can take a few minutes to write things out as I think them through.
Is it possible that each is a service disguised as publishing, but that each provides a different service for a different customer need? And that they're not in competition?
Some basic facts seem to suggest this notion might hold water. For instance, if the thousands of OA articles published over the past few years were truly part of a zero-sum competition with traditional publishers, you'd expect to see submission rates at traditional publications fall over the same period. Yet, anecdotal and actual evidence combine to paint an entirely different picture — submission rates are up across the board. In fact, new traditional titles are launching in the midst of the OA boom.
On the supply side — papers and research reports — it seems there's little competition. In fact, OA may have uncovered a spring of papers that has been bubbling in our backyard all along.
Further hints come when you look at who each serves, and when they prove valuable.
Traditional publishers provide a service predicated on traditional academic status. They tend to attract studies that the authors are willing and able to usher through the higher rejection rates and attendant resubmissions required by traditional publishers. Why this occurs is hard to discern, but branding and status probably play a role. The authors and papers using traditional publishing outlets seem to be qualitatively different in some meaningful ways. It's just hard to know what these qualities are.
OA publishers provide a service to authors and funders of research, providing a way for them to get papers published which they want to get into the system more quickly or make more generally available. This might be because the authorship group has disbanded, the funder has goals about transparent publication practices, the paper proved more incremental than anticipated, or the authors believe in OA. Again, it's hard to know, but the results seem to speak for themselves.
Look to physics, and how arXiv and physics journals haven't exactly squared off. This seems another major hint that there are publishing practices that don't compete with traditional publishing.
On the demand side, OA and traditional publishing don't seem to be competing. Even funding is coming from different sources by and large, with foundations funding OA, and more traditional buyers (individuals and academic institutions) funding traditional publishing. There is only a sliver of mingling at the edges.
The important thing is that the underlying motivations don't jibe with competition. In fact, authors can decide what kind of water-centric service they want each time. An author may choose one mode under a certain set of conditions, the other mode at another time.
Some confusion exists, in that both sets call themselves "water-services" and worry about making more distinctions than that. People on both sides seem to view this as a competition because it was framed that way at the beginning. Yet facts argue against the initial framing. Those semantics don't matter as much as the fundamental fact that there may not be the competition between the two — even being listed in the same category can't conflate the two.
The water delivery service isn't going to be asked to install swimming pools, is it?
Some traditional publishers have leveraged the common raw materials into the other line of business. That may prove to be a very safe thing to do given the lack of competition between the two. They are merely ways to array roughly equivalent resources, but are not competitive. In fact, traditional publishers' willingness to enter the OA market is another piece of evidence suggesting there isn't any clear competition between the two modes of publication. Some authors will want water in bottles, some will want to swim. They may even get thirsty after a swim.
There's a certain peace to be achieved by not forcing competition where it may not exist. While the analogies offered here are imperfect, they suggest that perhaps OA and traditional publishers are using the same raw materials — papers, reviewers, web sites — but in such different ways that their co-existence is actually natural and not competitive.
This perspective also suggests that OA publishing will face limitations in growth because of factors all its own, not by taking over a percentage of traditional publishing.
We've accepted the proposition that OA publishers compete with traditional publishers. Perhaps we need to contemplate the very real possibility that they do not. And that would represent a mindshift we might all benefit from.
Kent Anderson
@kanderson
Kent Anderson is the CEO of RedLink and RedLink Network, a past-President of SSP, and the founder of the Scholarly Kitchen. He has worked as Publisher at AAAS/Science, CEO/Publisher of JBJS, Inc., a publishing executive at the Massachusetts Medical Society, Publishing Director of the New England Journal of Medicine, and Director of Medical Journals at the American Academy of Pediatrics. Opinions on social media or blogs are his own.
View All Posts by Kent Anderson
40 Thoughts on "Are Open Access and Traditional Publishers in the Same Business?"
"Open Access" does not automatically mean just one type of journal Your argument makes sense for "everything bucket" publications like PLoS ONE but holds no water for selective higher end OA journals like PLoS Biology or Nucleic Acids Research. These journals are directly competing with traditional subscription journals for the same papers. And that's not even factoring in all the traditional journals that use a hybrid OA model.
I didn't intend this to mean one type of journal. My observation is that you don't see a lot of competition between the models, which suggests that they're providing different services. And I hope I was clear that I wasn't saying one model made swimming pools and one delivered potable water. I was trying to remain neutral. It was just an analogy.
Hybrid journals are interesting, in that they allow the services to mix. Again, to me, that suggests they're not competitive. If they were, hybrid wouldn't be all that possible — they'd be one or the other. Hybrid allows them to co-exist, and the models seem to do that nicely.
If journals compete for papers, I'll bet that it's not because of their underlying business model. Why would someone pay to be in a journal that has a direct competitor that may not require them to pay? I'll bet there's something else — editorial sex appeal, reputation, scope — that proves a differentiator.
I read your argument to clearly compare the high-volume low-rejection style journal with the more traditional subscription journals. Regardless, I'm getting a real mixed message–the business models are not competitive but the journals that employ the business models are competitive with one another. If those journals are competing with one another, then the answer is yes, the publishers (regardless of access method chosen) are in the same business.
I do agree that for most authors, the goal is to get the paper published in the best journal possible. If that means PLoS Biology rather than PNAS, it's more likely because of the former's higher Impact Factor than its access policy. But make no mistake, PLoS Biology is directly competing with other traditional journals. It's just that for most researchers, the access question is not at the heart of the competition.
I doubt that for most authors the goal is to get their paper published in the best possible journal. Remember Lotka's law, that the majority of authors only publish one paper. I doubt journal quality counts much for them. Moreover, the low rejection journals may offer a low hassle factor, which may be the big draw. This is not a simple market.
By David Wojick
Can't agree. I'd be willing to be that those authors who only publish one paper are not the sole author on that paper. More than likely there's a senior author involved (head of the laboratory) with an established history of publishing papers.
Either way, I still have no doubt that for the vast majority, journal quality is the determining factor in choosing an outlet. One always wants to maximize the returns on one's work, and the better the journal, the better the career rewards offered. If authors are choosing the low rejection rate journals, it may be that this is their best option in terms of quality or in what is likely a minority of cases, other factors come into play (particularly speed of publication).
David C: I dislike disagreeing when I have no facts to go on, so I will merely disagree with your expressed level of certainty, not with your specific claims. I think we do not know why the "vast majority" of people publish where they do, much less where they will in future, and this is actually now a central research question, given the rise of the author pays model. When we see a growing number of people paying for something they could get for nothing, there must be something interesting going on.
David W, my certainty is based somewhat on anecdotal evidence, from being in regular contact with hundreds of researchers on a constant basis.
I think the first question can be measured fairly easily, as there has been an apparent decline in single-author papers over the years (if anything, the trend is toward 30-plus author papers these days).
The second seems self-evident given the absurd (and increasing) levels of career pressure placed on researchers. Those who succeed have to live something of a streamlined existence, where the things they do focus almost exclusively on the things that academia rewards, which primarily translates into chasing a high impact factor.
Remember also that some funding agencies require (or at least strongly encourage) authors to publish OA. That's the other side of career pressure, securing funding, so some OA uptake is driven by wanting to keep one's funders happy.
One piece of data I can supply is that across OUP's journals (all hybrid-OA journals), OA uptake is around 5-6%. For the seven medical journals I manage, OA uptake has actually fallen off this year as compared with last year.
While I like the analogy, I think you have set up a straw man argument — presupposing that there was just one publishing market and then knocking that straw man over with a full 5 gallon jug of drinking water straight into the swimming pool.
Like Malcolm Gladwell's 2006 TED talk on spaghetti sauce, there is no one market for publishing, but several markets: markets that compete for novel breakthrough articles; markets that publish incremental science; markets that provide little more than vanity services, among others.
The kind of OA publishing you refer to may indeed fit into an unexploited niche. It may also be competing with specialized archival journals.
It wasn't my straw man argument. OA has been positioned from the beginning as competitive with traditional publishing, bent on overtaking, defeating, etc., traditional publishing. The notion that it does something else is important. There are many spaghetti sauces because there can be. The shelves of publishing may have more room for diverse approaches that are not mutually exclusive than we think. That's the point, so I think we agree.
I agree Kent. In fact I think it was my comment originally that your refer to. Subscription journals and author pays journals are selling to two different markets, so they do not directly compete for sales. However, there may be competition in raw materials, in this case articles. An analogy is now seen in the corn market, where biofuel and food producers compete.
Do we have any data on how many articles are published via author pays, versus subscription? My impression is that the former is still so small that the impact is not yet discernible.
Yes, it was your comment, David. I'm sorry I didn't link to it. I'll go fix that now. I was too busy making sure my water analogies held up!
I think this is a brilliant point of view and really interesting from an 'outsider's point of view'. There remain a lot of unknowns, as you say: more understanding is needed of the individual motivations for using one or other of the channels – surely this would not be too hard to research? what does seem clear os that there is a huge demand for publishing services that the traditional model can't – or doesn't want – to cope with. I suppose I have two main questions:
Are OA published papers seen in the academic community as in any way inferior? Are they more or less likely to be referenced?
Where is the OA model for academic books?
By Chris Glennie
It seems to me that this issue is complicated by the fact that the whole concept of "competition" is made weird by the nature of the journal marketplace. Since each journal offers unique content, two biology journals don't compete for buyers in the same way that two auto makers do — they're not offering products that are functionally the same, using differences around the edges of the basic value proposition in order to set their products apart from each other. Each journal makes its potential readers a unique value proposition: you either buy this content from us, or you forego the content.
However, two different biology journals do compete with each other for authors, and that competition is very real. This is where I think the true competition between traditional and OA journals lies, but I don't think the competition is between OA and traditional journals as such — it's between any two journals that occupy the same discplinary space. The competition between a biology journal from Wiley and a biology journal from Springer isn't functionally different from that between a biology journal from Wiley and an OA journal. (This isn't to say that the difference between an OA publishing model and a traditional one doesn't play a role in the competition; as you point out, authors will care in varying degrees about that. It's only to say that the OA status of one journal doesn't change the fundamental fact that it has to attract authors whom other journals are also trying to attract.)
But maybe I'm just making your point for you — that there's nothing specific about either the OA or the traditional model that necessarily sets one against the other, except to the degree that they "compete" with each other at an abstract level, as publishing philosophies.
By Rick Anderson
Yep, we agree. The models don't predict competition; domains drive competition. And when you look at it that way, then it comes down to speed, price, and reputation/quality, with perhaps a smidge of other motivations around the edges.
As the theme of the Charleston conference put it, "something's gotta give!" And as Rick Anderson has persuasively argued on liblicense, it is the academic library market that is the primary market for STM journal publishing and that market can no longer sustain the business model that STM publishers have used. Whether that means a migration to PLoS One-type OA journals, where the costs are not the burden of libraries to pay, or a conversion from content delivery to service delivery, as Joe Esposito has predicted, we don't yet know; both are ways that commercial publishers can manage to stay in the business and reap high profits. But the driving force here is the lack of financial resources in libraries, rather than the direct competition between OA and TA journals.
By Sandy Thatcher
While I appreciate your even-handed approach to this topic, I'm a little worried by the idea of setting up OA publishing as something that is somehow profoundly different from the "traditional" model. While this may be nearer to reality if you're looking at it purely in terms of cost (about which I will gladly admit to being somewhat naive), the fact is that an OA journal doesn't need to be dramatically different from a pay journal other than being free to read. As David noted, the high-volume, (relatively) high-fee model that PLoS has used to inspire so many competitors is not nearly as representative as it is emblematic.
Put another way, if you were to replace every mention of "OA" in this essay with "PLoS ONE," I'd have very little to complain about; PLoS has clearly hit upon a wellspring of work that probably would not have been published as straightforwardly in non-OA journals, or for that matter, non-PLoS journals. It is, of course, difficult to make this statement without implying something negative about the quality of the papers — I'll add PLoS ONE's casual interdisciplinarity to your list of reasons why authors may choose to pursue this route — but it is very, very important to PLoS' (and its authors') success that it still look and behave for all purposes like a "traditional" journal. I think you'll find that this is the case for nearly all other OA journals, who are only as directly "competitive" as senior academics in their respective fields can keep a clear hierarchy in mind.
By Alex Garnett
I would offer that others have gone before me "setting up OA publishing as something . . . profoundly different from the 'traditional' model." As the comment thread is confirming, the business model seems to matter less than the domain when it comes to competition. Yet OA was founded to compete against the subscription model. You can still find rhetoric outlining the battlefront quite easily.
OA was also supposed to solve the financial problems of libraries. Well, in the form of PLoS One-like clones from commercial publishers, it may take the heat off of libraries' budgets, but will only shift the burden elsewhere in universities.
Sandy, the point is that this may not be true. That is, author pays journals may just increase communication, not replace subscription journals, at least in the short run.
But in any case somebody has to pay the billions of dollars that scholarly communication costs.
Yes, I agree, there are more ways than one to skin a cat, and commercial publishers are nothing if not savvy about finding new ways to do so.
Surely the only reason that swimming pool water and drinking water are not in competition with each other is that there is plenty of water – a de facto "free good". If water was so scarce that people hesitated to drink because of the price, they wouldn't be filling their swimming pools at all.
In your concrete case, presumably the two models will be in competition with each other if there is not enough papers for them both to prosper.
Out of curiosity, what do you think would happen if every paper was published OA, and some were also published in journals, and therefore getting whatever the value add is of those journals?
By Dave Pullin
Dave P: It depends on what you mean by published OA. Some journals use open on-line posting as the start of their publishing process. But if you mean publishing in an author pays journal as well as in a subscription journal, well that can't happen as things presently stand. It does raise the usual question as to what services subscription journals provide to subscribers, besides simple access to articles, and what these services are worth?. I think we do not know at this point.
But you are correct that if author pays grows large, at some point some subscription journals will not be able to fill their volumes. We really need hard data here. Is author pays taking off or just bubbling up, as it were? Is it a convenient niche industry or the new way?
Whenever I encounter speculation, I look at the uncertainties.
"But if you mean publishing in an author pays journal as well as in a subscription journal, well that can't happen as things presently stand." Au contraire, Project Muse, e.g., includes some OA journals like Postmodern Culture in its collection that is sold by license to libraries.
But do the very same articles appear in an OA journal and a subscription journal? That was the concept I doubted, not that an OA journal might be packaged in a subscription pile.
I see no reason why not, especially if an OA journal is not asking the author for copyright transfer and the author is asked to have the article included in a print journal later. I have had articles published in more than one venue, albeit both print, because they reach different audiences.
I don't know of any journals willing to re-publish articles already published elsewhere. Do you know of any that thrive by offering retreads? If anything, journals are cracking down on self-plagiarism and double-dipping more now than ever.
Also, OA does not automatically forbid the presence of print, as exemplified by the fully OA journal "Nucleic Acids Research". Many hybrid journals with strong levels of OA content are also available in print.
The question is nonsensical as posed. If something is already published in an OA journal, no other journal is going to re-publish it. Double-dipping is frowned upon in academia. Also, Most if not all OA journals offer the same sorts of "whatever" values as traditional journals.
Many arXiv manuscripts are "re-published" in traditional journals.
That's because many traditional journals add value though author "credentialing" – something that has very little to do with access to content.
By Richard Wynne
True, though I suppose one can pick nits about what is meant by "published OA" as to whether it means published in an OA journal or made available in an archive. As for arXiv, from what I understand (and I don't live in the physics world), the ability to re-publish a paper after it has been in arXiv varies quite a bit from journal to journal. I'm told that authors who feel they have a good chance of publishing their paper in a top journal do not generally put it in arXiv.
But I agree completely as to the value-add of the peer review and editorial processes and the many things they supply. Ask most scientists how much time they'd be willing to commit each week to digging through a completely unfiltered literature. There are some things it's worth paying other people to do, particularly if it means you can then devote more time to things like actual research.
Some physics journals actually use arXiv deposition as their submission point. But that is because arXiv is not regarded as a journal, just a repository. This thread is supposed to be about journals. Bringing in repositories and other forms of self publication only muddies the dark waters.
Hey, talk to us in Texas about how much of a "free good" water is and about competition for uses of water. With water restrictions in just about every part of this state, competing uses are a hot topic of discussion (no pun intended).
can you tell me some data and evidence showing that " new TRADITIONAL titles are launching in the midst of the OA boom"? Thank you.
By Jay Yi
Pathogens and Global Health. Studies in Conversation. International Journal of Developmental Disabilities. International Journal of Healthcare Management. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health. Palliative Care. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology.
And this from just a couple of minutes of searching. I'm sure you can find more yourself quite easily if you care to do the work.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives In Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives In Medicine, Cardiovascular Engineering & Technology…
Others in the equation, in addition to authors, are libraries and readers…Per Kimberly Douglas, California Institute of Technology (Hyde Park session, 2011 Charleston Conference), in a healthy market of "healthy substitutes", a shift to the authoring side (services) by libraries would subsidize the readers' side, and "it's all about serving scholarship". Katina Strauch (tongue in cheek) proposed during that session that the 2012 Charleston Conference theme be "Stuck in the Middle With You"…Derek Law said in the Fri conference summary (via SKYPE from Scotland), "There is no such thing as free, but free at the point of use is critical".
By Ramune Kubilius
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Taking care of the fish in your aquarium includes changing the water at required time intervals and doing the deep cleaning by removing all the decorations and other additions. Changing the water is necessary to avoid bad odors and to keep the fish healthy.
Aquariums come in different sizes and according to this the frequency of water changing should be adjusted. Small-sized aquariums need a water change at least once in a week and larger tanks need a water change once in ten days or once in two weeks. Apart from just changing the water, it is necessary to clean the wastes at the substratum at least once a month in the large aquariums.
Why water change is important?
When we feed the fish the food particles fall into the substratum and get decomposed slowly this will make the water turn turbid.
The food eaten by fish will be released into the water as excreta and this also causes debris deposits in the water.
The decomposing particles will release nitrates and phosphates which will cause increased algal growth in the tank and the fish susceptible to diseases.
To keep the nitrates and phosphates at the desired level, it is important to change the water.
It is necessary to keep the minerals and trace elements at the optimal level for the healthy growth of fish.
Why topping is not enough?
Some people add some extra amount of water to the aquarium without taking out any water from the tank. This is not equivalent to changing water as it will not remove any wastes from the water and the higher level of wastes may eventfully kill the fish.
It is easy to change the water in small aquariums up to 10-gallon capacity.
You will need buckets and mini-gravel vacuum to replace the water.
Prepare the water to be added to the fish tank one day in advance.
Fill one bucket with water and allow it to stand overnight to remove any chlorine content.
If necessary, use de-chlorinator as recommended.
Using the gravel vacuum siphon water from the tank to another bucket.
Try to vacuum the substrate when siphoning water so that some of the debris builds up will be removed along with water.
Remember from a 10-gallon tank; remove only 3 to 4 gallons of water.
Add the aged water slowly through the sides of the aquarium not causing much disturbance to the fish.
If you are using electric filters in the fish tank or lights turn off the devices before you attempt water change.
After adding clean water plug back the devices.
Cleaning and changing water in big aquariums can be really a great task if you do not have the knowledge and the right equipment to do it. If you are using buckets and siphon to change the water from large tanks, you will get exhausted from carrying buckets of water. The best and easiest way to change the water in large tanks is to use the water changer. These systems are easy to use. It has a connector for the faucet on one end and a siphon gravel vacuum on the other end.
Step 1: Connect the water changer to the water source following the direction provided by the manufacturer.
Step 2: Flip the lever of the water changer into the draining mode to drain water from the fish tank.
Step 3: Put the other end of the water tube into the aquarium.
Step 3: Take out about 30 percent of water in the fish tank.
Step 4: Use the gravel vacuum function of the water changer to clear some debris at the bottom of the tank.
Step 5: When the water level decreases the tube may pop out from the water so make sure that the tube is always under the water level during the draining process.
Step6: Refill the aquarium by closing the drain lever and opening the faucet.
Step7: Make sure that the tank end of the tube is in a secured position or the water will spill everywhere when you open the faucet.
Step8: If the fresh water added to the tank requires any additives to adjust the pH or de-chlorinator you can add it at this point.
Step 9: Fill water in the aquarium just below the level of filter outlet so that there will not made any strong water currents when the filter is working.
Select water changer with appropriate tube length according to the distance from the aquarium to the water source. You can find changers with tube length up to 50 feet.
You can drain the water from the tank to your garden or lawn so that you will not be wasting water and the water containing nitrates and phosphates improves the growth of the plants.
There is no need to remove or turn off the filter while changing water as you will be taking out only 30% of the water.
If you have heaters connected to the tank, make sure the heating element is always below the water level during the draining.
Keep a close watch on small fish in your tank as they can get siphoned by the tube.
In large tanks, there is no need to match the water temperature as you will be removing and adding only 30 % of water.
Make sure that you are not adding ice cold water to the tank. Even a temperature drop of 15 degrees can kill some fish.
Monthly deep cleaning of the tank is must even if you do water changes weekly. There will be an algal buildup on the sides of the tank and waste deposits on the substrate.
The filter systems in the tank also need regular cleaning and maintenance.
However, deep cleaning is stressful for the fish as you will be removing the complete set up of their habitat. Weekly water changes can reduce the frequency of deep cleaning needed and will keep your fish healthy and happy.