text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sc:intro}

Quantum theory is often claimed to be nonlocal, or more precisely that it cannot satisfy simultaneously the principles of locality and realism. These principles can be informally stated as follows.

\begin{description}
\item[Principle of realism:] There is a real world whose state determines the outcome of all observations.
\item[Principle of locality:] No action taken at some point can have any effect at some remote point at a speed faster than light.
\end{description}

We give a formal definition of local realism in a companion paper~\cite{STRUCTURE};
here we strive to remain at the intuitive level and explain all our concepts, results and reasonings
without expecting mathematical sophistication nor specialized prior knowledge from the reader.

The belief that quantum theory is nonlocal stems from the correct fact proved by John Bell~\cite{Bell64} that it cannot be described by a \emph{local hidden variable theory}, as we shall explain later.
However, the claim of nonlocality for quantum theory is also based on the incorrect
equivocation of local hidden variable theories with local realism, leading to the following fallacious argument:
\begin{enumerate}
\item\label{item:A} Any local-realistic world must be described by local hidden variables.
\item Quantum theory cannot be described by local hidden variables.
\item \emph{Ergo}, quantum theory cannot be both local and realistic.
\end{enumerate}
The first statement is false, as we explain at length in this paper; the second is true; the third is a legitimate application of \emph{modus tollens},\footnote{According to \emph{modus tollens}, if $p$ implies $q$ but $q$ is false, then $p$ must be false as well.} but the argument is unsound since
it is based on an incorrect premise.
As~such, our reasoning does not imply that quantum theory can be both local and realistic, but it establishes decisively that the usual reasoning against the local realism of quantum theory is fundamentally flawed.

In~a companion paper, we go further and explicitly derive a full and complete local-realistic interpretation for finite-dimensional unitary quantum theory~\cite{QMlocal}, which had already been discovered by David Deutsch and Patrick Hayden~\cite{DH}.
See also Refs.~\cite{Rubin,Tipler}.
Going further, we show in another companion paper~\cite{STRUCTURE} that the local realism of quantum theory is but a particular case of the following more general statement: \emph{Any} reversible-dynamics theory that does not allow instantaneous signalling \mbox{admits} a local-realistic interpretation.

In order to invalidate
statement~(\ref{item:A}) above, we exhibit
an imaginary world that is both local and realistic, yet that cannot be described by local hidden variables.  Our world is based on the so-called \emph{nonlocal box},
also known as the \emph{PR~box}, introduced by Sandu Popescu and Daniel Rohrlich~\cite{PR}, which is already known to violate a Bell inequality
even more than quantum theory (more on this later), which indeed implies that it cannot be explained by local hidden variables (more on this later also). Nevertheless, we provide a full local-realistic explanation for our imaginary world. Even though this world is not the one in which we live, its mathematical consistency suffices to debunk the myth that equates local realism with local hidden variables. In~conclusion,
the correct implication of Bell's theorem is that quantum theory cannot be described by local hidden variables, \emph{not} that it is not local-realistic. \mbox{\emph{That's different!}}

Given that quantum theory has a local-realistic interpretation, why bother with nonlocal boxes, which only exist in a fantasy world?
The main virtue of the current paper, compared to Refs.~\mbox{\cite{DH,Rubin,Tipler,QMlocal,STRUCTURE}}, is to invalidate the fallacious, yet ubiquitous, argument sketched above in the simplest and easiest possible way, without needing to resort to sophisticated mathematics.
The benefit of working with nonlocal boxes, rather than dealing with all the intricacies of quantum theory, was best said by Jeffrey Bub in his book on \emph{Quantum Mechanics for Primates}:
``The~conceptual puzzles of quantum correlations arise without the distractions of the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, and you can see what is at stake---where the clash lies with the usual presuppositions about the physical world''~\cite{Bub}.

The current paper is an expansion of an informal self-contained 2012 poster~\cite{poster} reproduced in the Appendix with small corrections,
which explains our key ideas in the style of a graphic novel,
as well as of a brief \mbox{account} in a subsequent paper~\cite{FreeWill}.
A~similar concept had already been formulated by
Mark A.~Rubin~\cite[p.~318]{Rubin} in the context of two distant observers measuring their shares of a Bell state, as well as Colin Bruce
in his popular science book on \emph{Schr\"odinger's Rabbits}~\cite[pp.~130--132]{Rabbit}.
To~the best of our knowledge, the latter was the first local-realistic description of an imaginary world that cannot be described by local hidden variables.

After this introduction, we describe the Popescu-Rohrlich nonlocal boxes, perfect as well as imperfect, in Section~\ref{sc:NLB}. We~elaborate on no-signalling, local-realistic
and local hidden variable theories in Section~\ref{sc:nosig-locreal}, which we illustrate
with the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argu\-ment~\cite{EPR} and the nonlocal boxes.
Bell's Theorem is reviewed in Section~\ref{sc:Bell} in the context of nonlocal boxes, and we explain why they cannot be described by local hidden variables.
The~paper culminates with Section~\ref{sc:main}, in which we expound our theory of \emph{parallel lives} and how it allows us to show that ``nonlocal'' boxes are perfectly compatible with both locality and realism.
Having provided a solution to our conun\-drum, we~revisit Bell's Theorem and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument in Section~\ref{sc:revisit} in order to understand how they relate to our imaginary world.
There, we argue that our theory of parallel lives is an unavoidable consequence of postulating that the so-called nonlocal boxes are in fact local and realistic.
We~conclude with a discussion of our results in Section~\ref{sc:conc}.
Finally, we reproduce in the Appendix an updated version of our 2012 poster~\cite{poster}, which illustrates the main concepts.
Throughout our journey, we strive to illustrate how the arguments formulated in terms of nonlocal boxes and the more complex quantum theory are interlinked.

\section{The Imaginary World}\label{sc:NLB}
We~now proceed to describe how our imaginary world is perceived by its two inhab\-i\-tants, Alice and Bob.
We~postpone to Section~\ref{sc:main} a description of what is \emph{really} going on in that world.
The main ingredient that makes our world interesting is the presence of perfect nonlocal boxes,
a theoretical idea invented by Sandu Popescu and Daniel Rohrlich~\cite{PR}.

\subsection{The Nonlocal Box}
Nonlocal boxes always come in pairs: one box is given to Alice and the other to Bob.\,\footnote{Some people prefer to think of the nonlocal box as consisting of both boxes, so that the pair of boxes that we describe here constitutes a single nonlocal box. It's~a matter of taste.}
One can think of a nonlocal box as an ordinary-looking box with two buttons labelled $0$ and~$1$.
Whenever a button is pushed, the box instantaneously flashes either a red or green light,
with each outcome being equally likely.
This concept is illustrated in Figure~\ref{fig:PRbox}
and in the Appendix.

\begin{figure}[t!]
\newlength{\scale}
\setlength{\scale}{0.225pt}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width = 765\scale, height = 768\scale]{Figures/Fig1.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{Nonlocal boxes.}\label{fig:PRbox}
\end{figure}

If Alice and Bob meet to compare their results after they have pushed buttons, they will find that each
pair of boxes produced outputs that are correlated in the following way:
Whenever they had both pushed input button~$1$, their boxes flashed different colours,
but if at least one of them had pushed input button~$0$, their boxes flashed the same colour.
See~Table~\ref{tb:PRbox}.

\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{Behaviour of nonlocal boxes.}\label{tb:PRbox}
\[\begin{array}{ccc}
\text{Alice's Input} & \text{Bob's Input} & \text{Output colours}  \\ \hline
0 & 0 & \text{Identical} \\
0 & 1 & \text{Identical} \\
1 & 0 & \text{Identical} \\
1 & 1 & \text{Different}
\end{array}
\]
\end{table}

For example, if Alice pushes $1$ and sees green, whereas Bob pushes~$0$, she will discover when she meets Bob that he has also seen green.  However, if Alice pushes $1$ and sees green (as~before), whereas Bob pushes~$1$ instead, she will discover when they meet that he has seen red.

A nonlocal box is designed for one-time use:  once a button has been pushed and a colour flashed, the box will forever flash that colour and is no longer responsive to new inputs.  However, Alice and Bob have an unlimited supply of such pairs of disposable nonlocal boxes.

\subsection{Testing the Boxes}\label{sc:test}
Our two inhabitants, Alice and Bob, would like to verify that their nonlocal boxes behave indeed according
to Table~\ref{tb:PRbox}. Here is how they proceed.

\begin{enumerate}\itemsep02em
\item Alice and Bob travel far apart from each other with a large supply of numbered unused boxes, so that Alice's box number~$i$ is the one that is paired with Bob's box bearing the same number.
\item They flip independent unbiased coins labelled $0$ and $1$ and push the corresponding input buttons on their nonlocal boxes.
For each box number, they record the randomly-chosen input and the observed resulting colour.
\mbox{Because} they are sufficiently far apart, the experiment can be performed with sufficient simultaneity that Alice's box cannot know the result of Bob's coin flip (hence the input to Bob's box) before it has to flash its own light, and vice versa.
\item After many trials, Alice and Bob come back together and verify that the boxes work perfectly: no matter how far they were from each other and how simultaneously the experiment is conducted, the correlations promised in Table~\ref{tb:PRbox} are realized for each and every pair of boxes.
\end{enumerate}

Note that neither Alice nor Bob can confirm that the promised correlations are estab\-lished until they meet, or at least send a signal to each other. In~other words, data collected locally at Alice's and at Bob's need to be brought together before any conclusion can be drawn.
This detail may seem insignificant at first, but it will turn out to be crucial in order to give a
local-realistic explanation for ``nonlocal'' boxes.

\subsection{Imperfect Nonlocal Boxes}
So far, we have talked about perfect nonlocal boxes, but we could consider nonlocal boxes that are sometimes allowed to give incorrectly correlated outputs. We~say that a pair of nonlocal boxes \emph{works with probability~$p$} if it behaves according to Table~\ref{tb:PRbox} with probability~$p$.
With complementary probability~\mbox{$1-p$}, the opposite correlation is obtained.

\subsubsection{Quantum Theory and Nonlocal Boxes}\label{sc:QT-vs-PRbox}
Although we shall concentrate on \emph{perfect} nonlocal boxes in this paper, quantum theory makes it possible to implement nonlocal boxes that work with probability
\[ \textstyle p_{\mathrm{quant}} = \cos^{2} \! \left( \frac{\pi}{8} \right) = \frac{2+\sqrt{2}}{4} \approx 85\%  \]
but no better according to Cirel'son's theorem~\cite{CIREL}.
It~follows that our imaginary world is distinct from the world in which we live since perfect nonlocal boxes cannot exist according to quantum theory.

For our purposes, the precise mathematics and physics that are needed to under\-stand how it is possible for quantum theory to implement nonlocal boxes that work with probability~$p_{\mathrm{quant}}$ do not matter.
Let us simply say that it is made possible by harnessing \emph{entanglement} in a clever way.
Entanglement, which is the most nonclassical of all quantum resources, is at the heart of
quantum information science.
It~was discovered by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen in 1935 in Einstein's most cited paper~\cite{EPR},
although there is some evidence that Erwin Schr\"odinger had discovered it earlier.
It~is also because of entanglement that the quantum world in which we live is often thought
to be nonlocal.

\section{The Many Faces of Locality}\label{sc:nosig-locreal}

Recall that the Principle of locality claims that no action taken at some point can have any effect at some remote point at a speed faster than light. An~apparently weaker principle would allow such effects under condition that they cannot be observed at the remote point. This is the Principle of no-signalling, which we now explain.

\subsection{No-signalling}
It is important to realize that nonlocal boxes do not enable instantaneous communication between Alice and Bob. Indeed, no matter which button Alice pushes (or~if she does not push any button at~all),
Bob has an equal chance of seeing red or green flashing from his box whenever he pushes either of his buttons. Said other\-wise, any action taken by Alice has no effect whatsoever on the probabilities of events that Bob can observe.

It follows that our imaginary world shares an important property with the quantum world:
it obeys the principle of no-signalling.

\begin{description}
\item[Principle of no-signalling:] No action taken at some point can have any \emph{observable} effect at some remote point at a speed faster than light.
\end{description}

Among observable effects, we include anything that would affect the probability distribution of outputs from any device.  The principle of no-signalling implies in general that for any pair of devices shared by Alice and Bob (not only PR boxes), Bob's output distribution depends only on Bob's input, and not on Alice's input, provided they are sufficiently far from each other and Alice does not provide her input to her device too long before Bob's device must produce its output.

\subsection{Local Realism Implies No-signalling}
The principle of no-signalling follows from the principles of locality and realism:
any local-realistic world is automatically no-signalling, as shown by the following informal argument.

\begin{enumerate}
\item By the principle of locality, no action taken at point $A$ can have any effect on the state of the world at point $B$ faster than at the speed of light.
\item By the principle of realism, anything observable at point $B$ is a function of the state of the world at that point.
\item It~follows that no action at point $A$ can have an observable effect at point $B$ faster than at the speed of light.
\end{enumerate}

Here, we have relied on the tacit assumption that in a local-realistic world, what is
observable at some point is a function of the state of the world at that same point.
The above argument is fully formalized, with all hypotheses made explicit, in Ref.~\cite{STRUCTURE}.

\subsection{Local Hidden Variable Theories}

The most common type of local-realistic theories, which were studied in particular by John Bell~\cite{Bell64},
is based on local hidden variables (explained below). The misconception according to which all local-realistic theories have to be of that type has led to the widespread incorrect belief that quantum theory cannot be local-realistic because it cannot be based on local hidden variables according to Bell's theorem.

In the idealized context of nonlocal boxes, a local hidden variable theory would consider arbitrarily sophisticated pairs of devices that are allowed to share randomness for the purpose of explaining the observed behaviour. The individual boxes would also be allowed independent sources of internal randomness.
The~initial shared randomness, along with the internal randomness and the inputs provided by Alice and Bob would be used to determine which colours to flash. \mbox{However}, what is \emph{not} allowed is for the output of one of Alice's boxes to depend on the input of Bob's corresponding box, or vice versa. This can be enforced by the principle of locality, provided both input buttons are pushed with sufficient simul\-ta\-neity to prevent a signal from one box to reach the other in time, even at the speed of light, to influence its outcome.

In any such theory (not just those pertaining to PR boxes), it is always possible to remove internal sources of randomness and replace them by parts of the initial source of shared randomness that would be used by one side only
(provided we allow a continuously infinite amount of shared randomness).
However, the following section shows that, in the case of \emph{perfect} nonlocal boxes, internal randomness should \emph{never} be used to influence the behaviour of PR boxes.

\subsection{The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument}\label{sc:EPR}

Even though they were obviously not talking about Popescu-Rohrlich nonlocal boxes,
the original 1935 argument of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) applies \emph{\mbox{mutatis} mutandis} to prove
that, in the context of local hidden variable theories, the output of Bob's nonlocal box should be completely determined by the initial randomness shared between Alice's and Bob's boxes and by Bob's input (and vice versa, with Alice and Bob interchanged).

\begin{enumerate}
\item Suppose Alice pushes her input button first.\,\footnote{For simplicity, we ignore the fact that there would be no such thing as absolute time if we took account of relativity, so that the notion of who pushes the button first may be ill-defined; this has no impact on the current reasoning.}
\item When she pushes her button, this cannot have any instantaneous effect on Bob's box, by the principle of locality.
\item After seeing her output, Alice can know with certainty what colour Bob will see as a function of his input (even though she does not know which input he will choose). For example, if Alice had pushed $1$ and seen green, she knows that if Bob chooses to push $0$ he will also see green, whereas if he chooses to push $1$ he will see red.
\item Since it is possible for Alice to know with certainty what colour Bob will see when he pushes either button, and she can obtain this knowledge without  influencing his system, it must be that his colour was  \emph{predetermined} as a function of which button he would push.
This predetermination can only come from the initial source of shared randomness, and errors could occur if it were influenced by local randomness at Bob's.
\end{enumerate}

This argument was used in the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen \mbox{paper}~\cite{EPR}
to prove, under the implicit assumption of local hidden variables, that there are instances in quantum theory
in which both the position and the momentum of a particle must be simultaneously defined.
This clashed with the Copenhagen vision of quantum theory, according to which Heisenberg's uncertainty principle arises not merely from the fact that measuring one of those properties necessarily disturbs the other, but because they can never be fully defined simultaneously.
The~conclusion of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen was that (the~Copen\-hagen) quantum-mechanical descrip\-tion of physical reality can\emph{not} be considered complete.
After Niels Bohr's response~\cite{Bohr}, the physics community consensus was largely in his favour,
asserting that the EPR argument was unsound and that the Copenhagen interpretation is indeed complete.
In~a companion paper~\cite{QMlocal}, we prove that, under the metaphysical principle
of local realism, it is Einstein who was correct after all in arguing that the usual formulation of quantum theory cannot be a complete descrip\-tion of physical reality, and furthermore we provide a solution to make it complete along lines similar to those already discovered by Deutsch and Hayden~\cite{DH}.

But let us come back to the imaginary world of nonlocal boxes\ldots

\subsection{Local Hidden Variable Theory for Nonlocal Boxes}
In a local hidden variable theory for nonlocal boxes, we have seen that all correlations should be explained by the initial shared randomness. Since each box implements a simple one-bit to one-colour-out-of-two function, it suffices to use only two bits of the randomness shared with its twin box to do~so. It~is natural to call those bits $A_0$ and $A_1$ for Alice, and $B_0$ and $B_1$ for Bob. If~we define function
\[ \mathsf{c} : \{ 0,1 \} \rightarrow \{ \mathsf{green}, \mathsf{red} \} \]
by $\mathsf{c}(0)=\mathsf{green}$ and $\mathsf{c}(1)=\mathsf{red}$,
then Alice's box would flash colour \mbox{$a=\mathsf{c}(A_x)$} when input button~$x$ is pushed by Alice, whereas
Bob's box would flash colour \mbox{$b=\mathsf{c}(B_y)$} when input button~$y$ is pushed by Bob.
See~Figure~\ref{fig:PRbox} again.

In order to fulfil the requirements of nonlocal boxes given in Table~\ref{tb:PRbox},
it is easy to verify that
the four local hidden variables must satisfy the condition
\begin{equation}\label{eq:PRbox}
 A_{x} \oplus B_{y} = x \cdot y
\end{equation}
for all \mbox{$x,y \in \{ 0,1 \}$} simultaneously,
where ``$\oplus$'' and ``$\cdot$'' denote the sum and the product \mbox{modulo~2}.
For~example, if Alice and Bob select \mbox{$x=0$} and \mbox{$y=1$}, respectively, their boxes must flash the same colour
\mbox{$a=\mathsf{c}(A_0)=\mathsf{c}(B_1)=b$}, according to Table~\ref{tb:PRbox}, and therefore the hidden variables $A_0$ and
$B_1$ must be equal since function $\mathsf{c}$ is one-to-one.
In~symbols, \mbox{$A_{0}  = B_{1}$},  which is equivalent to
\mbox{$A_{0} \oplus B_{1} = 0$}, which indeed is equal to \mbox{$x \cdot y$} in this case.

Is this possible?

\section{Bell's Theorem}\label{sc:Bell}
\begin{Theorem}[Bell's Theorem]\label{th:Bell} No local hidden variable theory can explain a nonlocal box that would work with a probability better than~$75\%$.
In~particular, no local hidden variable theory can explain perfect nonlocal boxes.
\end{Theorem}
\begin{proof}
We have just seen that any local hidden variable theory that enables perfect nonlocal boxes would have to satisfy Equation~ (\ref{eq:PRbox}) for all \mbox{$x,y \in \{ 0,1 \}$}.
This gives rise to the following four explicit equations.
\begin{align*}
A_{0} \oplus B_{0} &= 0  \\
A_{0} \oplus B_{1} &= 0  \\
A_{1} \oplus B_{0} &= 0  \\
A_{1} \oplus B_{1} &= 1
\end{align*}
If we sum modulo~2 the equations on both sides and rearrange the terms
using the associativity and commutativity of addition modulo~2, as well as the fact that any bit added modulo~2 to itself gives~$0$, we obtain:
\begin{align*}
 \left( A_{0} \oplus B_{0} \right) \oplus  \left( A_{0} \oplus B_{1} \right) \oplus \left( A_{1} \oplus B_{0} \right) \oplus \left( A_{1} \oplus B_{1} \right) &=   0 \oplus 0 \oplus 0 \oplus 1  \\
 \left( A_{0} \oplus A_{0} \right) \oplus \left( A_{1} \oplus A_{1} \right) \oplus \left( B_{0} \oplus B_{0} \right) \oplus \left( B_{1} \oplus B_{1} \right) &=  1  \\
 0 \oplus 0 \oplus 0 \oplus 0   &=   1 \\
 0  & =     1 ,
\end{align*}
which is a contradiction.  Therefore, it is not possible for all four equations to hold simultaneously. At~least one of the four possible choices of buttons pushed by Alice and Bob is bound to give incorrect results.   It~follows that any attempt at creating a nonlocal box that works with probability better than $\nicefrac{3}{4}= 75\%$ is doomed to fail in any theory based on local hidden variables.
\end{proof}

The reader can easily verify from the proof of Theorem~\ref{th:Bell} that any three of the four equations can be satisfied by a proper choice of local hidden variables.
For~example, setting \mbox{$A_{0} = B_{0} = A_{1} = B_{1} = 0$} results in the first three equations being satisfied, but not the fourth. A~more interesting strategy would be for Alice's box to produce \mbox{$A_{x}=x$} and for Bob's box to produce \mbox{$B_{y}=1-y$}.
In~this case, the last three equations are satisfied but not the first.
For each equation, there is a simple strategy that satisfies the other three but not that one
(more than one such strategy in fact).
More interestingly, it is possible to create a pair of nonlocal boxes that works
with probability $75\%$ \emph{regardless of the chosen input}
if the boxes share three bits of randomness.
The first two bits determine which one of the four equations is jettisoned, thus defining an arbitrary pre-agreed strategy
that fulfils the other three. If~the third random bit is $1$, both boxes will in fact produce the complement of the output specified in their strategy (which has no effect on which equations are satisfied). The purpose of this third shared random bit is that a properly functioning pair of PR boxes should produce an unbiased random output on each side if we only consider marginal probabilities.

We say of any world in which nonlocal boxes exist that work with a probability better than $75\%$ that it \emph{violates a Bell inequality} in honour of John Bell, who established the first result along the lines of Theorem~\ref{th:Bell}, albeit not explicitly the one described here~\cite{Bell64}.

\subsection{Quantum Theory and Bell's Theorem}

The usual conclusion from Theorem~\ref{th:Bell} is that any world containing nonlocal boxes that work with a probability better than $75\%$ cannot be both local and real\-is\-tic. Since quantum theory enables boxes that work $\approx 85\%$ of the time, as we have seen in Section~\ref{sc:QT-vs-PRbox}, it seems inescapable that the quantum world cannot be local-realistic.

Similarly, it is tempting to assert that the more a Bell inequality is violated by a theory, the more nonlocal it~is.
In~particular, our imaginary world would be more nonlocal than the quantum world itself.
As~we shall now see---and this is the main point of this paper---all these conclusions are unsound because  local realism and local hidden variables should not be equated.

\section{A Local Realistic Solution---Parallel Lives}\label{sc:main}

Here is how the seemingly impossible can be accomplished.
Let~us assume for simplicity that Alice and Bob have a single pair of ``nonlocal'' boxes at their disposal,
which is sufficient to rule out local hidden variable explanations.
When Alice pushes a button on her box, she splits in two, together with her box. One Alice sees the red light flash on her box, whereas the other sees the green light flash. Both Alices are equally real.  However, they are now living \emph{parallel lives}: they will never be able to see each other or interact with each other.
In~fact, neither Alice is aware of the existence of the other, unless they infer it by pure thought as the
only reasonable explanation for what they will experience when they test their boxes according to Section~\ref{sc:test}.
From now on, any unsplit object (or person) touched by either Alice or her box splits.
This does not have to be physical touching: a message sent by Alice has the same splitting effect on any object it reaches. Hence, Alice's splitting ripples through space, but no faster than at the speed of light. It~is crucial to understand that it is \emph{not} the entire universe that splits instantaneously when Alice pushes her button, as this would be a highly nonlocal effect.

The same thing happens to Bob when he pushes a button on his box: he~splits and neither copy is aware of the other Bob.  One copy sees a red light flash and the other sees a green light flash. If~both Alice and Bob push a button at about the same time, we have two independent Alices and two independent Bobs,
and for now the Alices and the Bobs are also independent of one another.

It is only when Alice and Bob interact that correlations are established.
Let us assume for the moment that both Alice and Bob
always push their buttons before interacting.
The magical rule is that an Alice is allowed to interact with a Bob if and only if they jointly satisfy the conditions of the nonlocal box set out in Table~\ref{tb:PRbox}.

For example, if Alice pushes button~$1$, she splits. Consider the Alice who sees green.
Her system can be imagined to carry the following rule: You are allowed to interact with Bob if either he had pushed button~$0$ on his box and seen green, or pushed button~$1$ and seen red.
Should this Alice ever come in presence of a Bob who had pushed button~$1$ and seen green,
she would simply not become aware of his presence and could walk right through him without either one of them noticing anything.
Of course, the other Alice, the one who had seen red after pushing button~$1$, would be free to shake hands with that Bob.

If Bob had pushed button~$0$ and seen green, his system can likewise be imagined to carry the following rule: You are allowed to interact with Alice if and only if she sees green, regardless of which button she had pushed. It~is easy to generalize this idea to all cases covered by Table~\ref{tb:PRbox} because there will  always be one green Alice and one red Alice, one green Bob and one red Bob, and whenever green Alice is allowed to interact with one Bob, red Alice is allowed to interact with the other Bob.
From their perspective, each Alice and each Bob will observe correlations that seem to ``emerge from outside space-time''~\cite{GisinFreeWill}. However, this inter\-pre\-ta\-tion is but an illusion due to their intrinsic inability to perceive some of the actors in the world in which they live.

Our imaginary world is fully local because Alice's state is allowed to depend only on her own input and output at the moment she pushes a button.
It~is true that the mysterious correlations given in Table~\ref{tb:PRbox} would be impossible for any local hidden variable theory. However, Alice and Bob cannot \emph{experience} those correlations before they actually meet (or~at least before they share their data),
\emph{and these encounters cannot take place faster than at the speed of light.}
When they meet, the correlations they experience are simply due to the
matching rule that determines which Alices are allowed to interact with which Bobs,
and \emph{not} to a magical (because nonlocal) spukhaften Fernwirkung (``spooky action at a distance''), which was so abhorrent to Einstein, and rightly~so.

What if Alice pushes her button, but Bob does not?
In~the discussion above, we assumed for simplicity that both Alice and Bob had pushed buttons on their boxes before interacting. A~full story should include various other scenarios. It~could be that Alice pushes a button on her box and travels to interact with a Bob who had not yet touched his box. Or~it could be that after pushing a button on her box, only the Alice who had seen green travels to interact with Bob, whereas the Alice who had seen red stays where she~is.

For instance, consider the case in which
Alice had pushed button~$1$ on her box, split, and only the Alice who had seen green travels to meet unsplit Bob. At~the moment they meet, Bob and his box automatically split.
One Bob now owns a box programmed as follows: ``if~button~$0$ is pushed, flash green, but if button~$1$ is pushed, flash~red''; the other Bob owns a box containing the complementary program, with ``green'' and ``red'' interchanged.
As~for our travelling Alice, she will see the first one of those Bobs and be completely oblivious of the other, who will not even be aware that an Alice had just made the trip to meet him.

It would be tedious, albeit elementary, to go through an exhaustive list of all possible scenarios.
We~challenge the interested reader to figure out how to make our imaginary world behave according to Table~\ref{tb:PRbox} in all cases.
But~rather than get bored at this exercise, why not enjoy the Appendix,
which illustrates the concept of parallel lives in the form of a graphic novel~\cite{poster}?

\subsection{Quantum Theory, Parallel Lives and Many Worlds}

We coined the term ``parallel lives'' for the idea that a system is allowed to be in a superposition of several states, but that all splittings occur locally.
This was directly inspired by the many-worlds interpretation of quantum theory,
whose pioneer was Hugh Everett~\cite{Everett} more than six decades ago.
However, the parallel lives theory is fundamentally distinct from the highly nonlocal---and very popular---na\"{\i}ve version of its many-worlds couterpart according to which the entire universe would
split whenever Alice pushes a button on her box (or~makes a measurement that has more than one possible outcome according to standard quantum theory).
Later, Deutsch and Hayden provided the first explicitly local formulation of quantum theory, including a very lucid explanation of why Bell's theorem is irrelevant~\cite{DH}. Even though they did not use the term ``parallel lives'', their approach was akin to ours. In~their solution, the evolution of the quantum world is fully local, and individual systems, including observers, are implicitly allowed to be in superposition.
In~a companion paper~\cite{QMlocal}, we offer our own local formalism for quantum theory along the lines of this paper, complete with full proofs of our assertions.

\section{Revisiting Bell's Theorem and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument}\label{sc:revisit}

Having provided a solution to our conundrum with the explicit construction of a local-realistic imaginary world in which perfect Popescu-Rohrlich ``nonlocal'' boxes are possible, we~revisit the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument in order to understand how it relates to our imaginary world. This leads us to conclude that our theory of parallel lives is an unavoidable consequence of postulating that those boxes are compatible with local realism.

\subsection{Parallel Lives versus Hidden Variable Theories}
To understand the main difference between parallel lives and local hidden variable theories, consider again
the scenario according to which Alice had pushed button~$1$ and her box flashed a green colour.
According to local hidden variable theories, she would know with certainty what colour Bob will see as a function of his choice of input: he~will also see green if he pushes button~$0$, but he will see red if he pushes button~$1$.
This was at the heart of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument of Section~\ref{sc:EPR} to the effect that the colours flashed by Bob's box had to be predetermined as a function of which button he would push since Alice could know this information without interacting with Bob's box. To~quote the original argument,
``If,~without in any way disturbing a system, we can predict with certainty the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of physical reality corresponding to this physical quantity''~\cite{EPR}.
The~``element of physical reality'' in question is what we now call local hidden variables and the
``physical quantity'' is the mapping between input buttons and output colours.

The parallel-lives interpretation is fundamentally different.
Whenever Alice pushes a button on her box, she cannot infer anything about Bob's box.
Instead, she can predict how her various lives will interact with Bob's in the future,
in case they meet.
Consider for example a situation in which both Alice and Bob push their input buttons, whose immediate effect is the creation of two Alices and two Bobs. Let~us call them Green-Alice, Red-Alice, Green-Bob and Red-Bob,
depending on which colour they have seen.
If~the original Alice had pushed her button~$1$, Green-Alice may now infer that she will interact with Red-Bob if he had also pushed his button~$1$, whereas she will interact with Green-Bob if he had pushed his button~$0$. The~opposite statement is true of Red-Alice. As~we can see, this is a purely local process since this instantaneous knowledge of both Alices has no influence on whatever the faraway Bobs may observe, which is actually both colours!

\subsection{How an Apparent Contradiction Leads to Parallel Lives}

Consider the following argument concerning nonlocal boxes, and pretend that you have never heard
of parallel lives (nor of many worlds), yet you believe in locality.

\begin{enumerate}
\item\label{it:one} Let us say that Alice pushes button~$1$ on her box. Without loss of generality, say that her box flashes the green colour.
\item\label{it:two} Now, we know that Bob will see green if he pushes his button~$0$, whereas he will see red if he pushes his button~$1$, according to Table~\ref{tb:PRbox}.  By~the principle of locality, this conclusion holds regardless of Alice's previous action since she was too far for her choice of button to influence Bob's box.
\item\label{it:three} What would have happened had Alice pushed her button~$0$ instead at step~\ref{it:one}?
She must see the same colour as Bob, regardless of Bob's choice of button, since her pushing button~$0$ precludes the possibility that both Alice and Bob will press their button~$1$, which is the only case yielding different colours, again according to Table~\ref{tb:PRbox}.
\item\label{it:four} Statements (\ref{it:two}) and (\ref{it:three}) imply together that when Alice pushes her button~$0$, she must see both red and green!
\end{enumerate}

Despite appearances, statement~\ref{it:four} is not a contradiction, and indeed it can be resolved.
Both results seen by Alice must be equally real by logical necessity.
The~only way for her to see both colours, \emph{yet be convinced she saw only one}, is that there are in fact two Alices unaware of each other. In~other words, the postulated locality of Popescu-Rohrlich ``nonlocal'' boxes
\emph{forces us} into
a parallel-lives theory, which,
far from being a postulate, is in fact an ineluctability.

If both Alices are indeed mathematically necessary to describe a local-realistic world, then both Alices are real in that world, inasmuch as any mathematical quantity that is necessary to describe reality corresponds to something that is real. Here, we accepted as a philosophical axiom the claim that whenever a mathematical quantity is necessary to describe reality, that quantity  corresponds to something that is real, and is not a mere artifact of the theory.

The same conclusion applies whenever any theory is shown to be inconsistent with all possible local hidden variable theories. Indeed, such theories carry the rarely-mentioned assumption that once concluded, any experiment has a single outcome. Other outcomes that could have been possible simply did not occur.
The~inescapable resolution of any such inconsistency is to accept the conclusion that all possible outcomes occur within parallel lives of the experimenter.

\section{Conclusions}\label{sc:conc}
We~have exhibited a local-realistic imaginary world that violates a Bell inequality.
For~this purpose, we introduced the concept of \emph{parallel lives}, but argued subsequently that
this was an unavoidable consequence of postulating that the so-called nonlocal boxes are in fact local and realistic.
The main virtue of our work is to demonstrate in an exceedingly simple way that local reality can produce correlations that are impossible in any theory based on local hidden variables.
In~particular, it is fallacious to conclude that quantum theory is nonlocal simply because it violates Bell's inequality.

In quantum theory, ideas analogous to ours can be traced back at least to Everett~\cite{Everett}.
They were developed further by Deutsch and Hayden~\cite{DH}, and subsequently by
Rubin~\cite{Rubin} and Tipler~\cite{Tipler}. Furthermore, Bruce \mbox{\cite[pp.~130--132]{Rabbit}} gave the first local-realistic explanation for a theory that is neither quantum nor classical.
In~companion papers, we have proven that unitary quantum mechanics is local-realistic~\cite{QMlocal} (which had already been shown in Ref.~\cite{DH}) and,
more generally, that this is true for \emph{any} reversible-dynamics no-signalling operational theory~\cite{STRUCTURE}.
The latter paper provides a host of suggestions in its final
section for a reader eager to pursue this line of work in yet unexplored directions.

Throughout our journey, we have revisited several times the
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument and have come to the conclusion that they were right in questioning the completeness of Bohr's Copenhagen quantum theory.
Perhaps Einstein was correct in his belief of a local-realistic universe after all and in wishing for quantum theory to be completed?
Perhaps we live parallel lives\ldots

\vspace{6pt}

\funding{The work of G.B. is supported in part by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Canada Research Chair program,
Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (\textsc{nserc})
and Qu\'ebec's Institut transdisciplinaire d'information quantique.
The work of P.R.-R. was supported in part by \textsc{nserc}
and the Fonds de recherche du Qu\'ebec -- Nature et technologies.}

\acknowledgments{We acknowledge stimulating discussions with Charles Alexandre B\'edard, Charles Bennett, Jeff Bub, Giulio Chiribella, David Deutsch, St\'ephane Durand, Marcin Paw{\l}owski, Sandu Popescu, Renato Renner, Alain Tapp and Stefan Wolf,
as well as careful proofreadings by Yuval Elias.
Furthermore, we acknowledge the artwork of Louis Fernet-Leclair, who drew the poster reproduced in the Appendix according to our specifications.
Finally, G.B.~is grateful to Christopher Fuchs for having dragged him \emph{up} the slope of quantum foundations years ago, despite their subsequent divergent paths.}

\authorcontributions{Both authors contributed significantly to this work but P.R.-R. spearheaded the effort. According to the tradition in our field, the authors are listed in alphabetical order.}

\abbreviations{The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:\\
\noindent
\begin{tabular}{@{}ll}
EPR & Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen\\
PR & Popescu-Rohrlich
\end{tabular}}

\newpage

\reftitle{References}
\externalbibliography{yes}

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Scouts: Back to the Future
posted 23 Feb 2012, 12:59 by Mark Madden [ updated 23 Feb 2012, 13:02 ]
This week saw the completion of the first Scout programme of 2012 - 'Back to the Future'.
This time we were taking part in the Promise Challenge which is all about exploring our beliefs and attitudes as a Scout. Being a Scout means something. Scouts have a set of values that help them become better people. Of course this doesn't mean that having such values leads to being boring. Far from it. Scouts have a much better time in life. Our Promise Challenge explores 'being a Scout'.
We kicked off the programme with 'Why iScout' - Through a number of fast-paced, fun activities Scouts discussed values, duty and honour and real stuff that Scouts should know. After all, it's why WE SCOUT!
Week 2 was back to the 'Old Skool' - Tonight, for 1 night only we re-visited Scouting past and played games 1908 style. Out came the Scout staves and long forgotton games were played and we found out what being a Scout then matters to us as Scouts now. The evening was rounded off with a yarn around a roaring campfire.
Over the next couple of weeks came 'arguMENTAL' and 'FriiSPRAY' - arguMENTAL saw patrols pitted against each other in a battle of wit and comic prowess and took debating to a new level, a humerous level. Scouts argued the case for current issues and from Scouting days gone by. Voices were raised, discussions were 'heated' but all remained in the best of good humour.
Graffiti - Art or Vandalism? Looks good or does it make a mess of shops and bus stops?
FriiSP
RAY - Scouts discussed whether Street Art is mindless vandelism or art worthy of the finest galleries... We then explored the skill behind 'tags' as Scouts created their own. This all culminated with each Patrol creating their own work of 'art'. By the end of the evening there was as much paint on the Scouts as there was on the paper!
The programme came to an end on St. Valentine's Day - Scouts took part in 'The Most Un-Romantic Wide Game Ever' - A night time of fast-paced action in the dark to take down Eros - Not a love heart in sight...!
The Spring programme will be announced very soon so we can continue the Adventure - watch this space...

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Books by Caridad Pineiro
Twitter: @CaridadPineiro
NY Times and USA Today Bestseller Caridad Pineiro is a Jersey Girl who just wants to write, travel, and spend more time with family and friends. Caridad is the author of nearly 50 novels/novellas and loves romance novels, super heroes, TV and cooking. Caridad writes dark and sexy romantic suspense and paranormal romances for those who live to love on the edge. Her sweet, but still naughty side, Charity Pineiro, writes contemporary romances packed with emotion and humor.
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If you love strong military alpha heroes who will risk all for a chance at happily-ever-after, this series is for you! This box set includes the first six sexy military novellas in the Take a Chance series. JUST ONE NIGHT- Jason Hart has just one night to prove to his best friend's older sister that anything is possible... Nicole de...
Six months ago, Cynthia Guerrera's lover and fellow archaeologist Rafael Santiago trekked into the Mexican jungle in search of one of the fabled Cities of Gold—and never emerged. Guilty over their parting, Cynthia won't rest until she knows what happened. When the discovery of a conquistador's journal corroborates Rafe's intended...
Now and Always (South Beach Sizzles Contemporary Romance Book 1)
Romantic Times: 4 Stars "Pineiro "ignites her own brand of Miami heat in this sexy and humorous romance." Rendezvous: ". . . a fast-paced, well-developed plot . . . anxiously await other books by this gifted author!" Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: ". . . a compelling love story. . . beautifully imbued with details of...
Take a Chance Military Romance Box Set Volume 1.5: Sexy Hot Alpha Heroes - Navy, Army, Marines, Military and more (Take...
If you love strong military alpha heroes who will risk all for a chance at happily-ever-after, this series is for you! This box set includes three military novellas in the Take a Chance series. This box set contains #3, #4 and #5 in the Take a Chance series. STAY THE NIGHT - Everyone knew Rafe was going places and would make his...
One Last Night: Sexy Hot Miltary Heroes - Navy, Army, Marines and More (Take a Chance Book 3)
Can one sexy last night lead to a lifetime of tomorrows? There was only one thing he wanted to do before going back to war . . . It's been over a year since Marine Lieutenant Trevor Mason and his father have spoken. After nearly losing his life during a Taliban attack in Afghanistan, Trevor wants to end the rift between them so he...
On a hot summer night on the Asbury Park boardwalk, Natalie Ramirez gave her heart and body to Chase Smith, the sexy bad boy from the wrong side of the tracks. Defying her parents' wishes, she marries Chase because she knows that with his smarts and hard work, he will make something of himself. Chase Smith knew he was a far cry from...
Holiday With A Vampire: Christmas Cravings\Fate Calls (Harlequin Nocturne)
'TIS THE SEASON TO TAKE A WALK ON THE DARK SIDE…Silhouette Nocturne is proud to present these two sensual, heartwarming tales of love during the holiday season. True, the heroes may not wear red suits or be very jolly. But tall, dark and handsome, with the unusual power to thrill, can sometimes be the best gift of all.In Christmas...
One Summer Night (At the Shore Book 1)
"One Summer Night is the perfect escape! You can't go wrong with Caridad Pineiro." -- RaeAnne Thayne, New York Times Bestselling Author He was her first crush;Now he's her sworn enemy.But when the Jersey Shore starts heating upHe may just become the one she can't forgetEveryone knows about the bad blood between the Pierces and...
Cooking with the Authors of Summer Heat
Let the authors of Summer Heat tempt you with some mouth-watering recipes. Bacon-Wrapped Dates Stuffed with Pistachios, Decadent French Toast, Marinated Steak, Devil's Food Cake, Beer-Steamed Mussels, Baked Apple with Custard Sauce, White Chocolate Cherry Scones. These are just a few of the wonderful dishes you'll find in this...
Categories: All Cookbooks, Food & Wine; All Sex & Erotica


Boeing Co. said on Wednesday it had won orders and commitments from China for 250 narrowbody 737 aircraft and 50 widebody aircraft, valued at about $38 billion at list prices.
The major order, announced as Chinese President Xi Jinping toured Boeing's Everett, Washington, factory, includes some planes that were previously ordered but for which the buyers had not yet been identified. Boeing declined to say how many of the planes had been previously ordered, and how that would affect the actual value of the deal.
Earlier on Wednesday, China's ICBC Financial Leasing Co, a unit of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 601398.SS, separately confirmed it will buy 30 of Boeing's 737-800 jets, worth $2.88 billion at list prices.
Boeing also was due to announce later in the day an agreement to build a 737 completion center in China that would finish and deliver 737s built at Boeing's factory in Renton, Washington.
Machinist union members say they stand to lose work to China and were due to protest on Wednesday. Boeing said on Tuesday it doesn't expect to lay off or reduce staff related to the 737 because of the new factory in China.
Boeing is battling with rival Airbus Group for dominance of Chinese market, which Boeing says will need $1 trillion worth of new planes over the next two decades.
Airbus supplied 6 percent of mainland China's aircraft in 1995, but in 2008 the European plane maker put an assembly plant in China to make its A320 aircraft, which competes with Boeing's 737. Today, Airbus planes account for about half the in-service fleet. Last week Airbus opened an A320 factory in Alabama, its first on U.S. soil.
Boeing's China venture would be less ambitious. Planes built at Boeing's Renton, Washington, factory would be flown to China for interior installation, painting and delivery to customers.
During the factory tour, Xi walked through a 787 Dreamliner, touching the blue seats and admiring the space between them. Boeing Commercial Airplanes Chief Executive Ray Conner demonstrated the dimmable window function on the high-tech 787.


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Alistair Ian Campbell (* 15. Februar 1959 in Birmingham) ist ein britischer Reggae-Musiker mit einer Vorliebe für Dub.

Leben und Wirken
Ali Campbell wuchs in Birmingham auf, besuchte die St. Luke's Junior School und die Moseley Road School of Art. Er kaufte sich seine ersten Musikinstrumente von den 4.000 Pfund Schmerzensgeld, die ihm nach einer Kneipenschlägerei an seinem 17. Geburtstag zugesprochen wurden. 1978 gründete er zusammen mit Schulfreunden eine Band, nachdem er zuvor drei Jahre lang arbeitslos gewesen war. Sie hieß nach einem Formular der Arbeitslosenhilfe UB40. Als Solo-Künstler debütierte er im Sommer 1995 mit dem Album Big Love und den Auskoppelungen That Look In Your Eye und Let Your Yeah Be Yeah. Mit seiner Tochter Kibibi nahm er im Dezember 1995 eine Coverversion vonSomethin' Stupid auf, im Original von Carson [Parks] And Gaile [Foote] (1966, USA, Kapp Records).

2007 erschien das Album Running Free und im Januar 2008 gab er seine Trennung von UB40 bekannt, da er sich zukünftig auf seine Solokarriere konzentrieren will. Seit seinem Ausstieg erschienen die Alben Flying High 2009 sowie das aus Coverversionen verschiedener britischer Sänger und Bands bestehende Great British Songs 2010.

Campbell singt, spielt Gitarre und Schlagzeug. Aus einer geschiedenen Ehe hat er vier Kinder, aus der Beziehung mit seiner jetzigen Lebensgefährtin zwei Kinder.

Diskografie
Mit UB40
siehe UB40#Diskografie bis Twenty Four Seven (2008)

Soloalben
 Big Love, 1995
 Running Free, 2007
 Flying High, 2009
 Great British Songs, 2010
 Silhouette, 2014

Singles
 Something I Feel / Loop / Miss Thing / Alright, 1995
 Let Your Yeah Be Yeah // You Could Meet Somebody / alternative version, 1995
 That Look in Your Eye, 1995
 Somethin' Stupid / alternative version / Pay the Rent, 1996

Quellen

Weblinks

Reggae-Musiker
Musiker (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Brite
Geboren 1959
Mann
Träger des Ivor Novello Award

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Abstract. Plant architecture results from a balance of indeterminate and determinate cell fates. Cells with indeterminate fates are located in meristems, comprising groups of �... Scientists have developed a universal cancer test that can detect traces of the disease in a patient�s bloodstream. The cheap and simple test uses a colour-changing fluid to reveal the presence of malignant cells anywhere in the body and provides results in less than 10 minutes.
How to create AI movements for enemies in Unity Here we are on Day 12 of the 100 days of VR. Yesterday, we looked at the power of rig models and Unity�s mecanim system (which I should have learned but ignored in the Survival Shooter tutorial�).
Eyebots were originally designed by RobCo before the Great War to act as media transmitters. Several models exist, but generally, they consist of a spherical body roughly half a meter in diameter, capable of hovering a few feet above the ground through an unseen method of propulsion.


text:
Bill Ralston (born 1953) is a New Zealand journalist, broadcaster, and media personality, active in television, radio and print. He has worked as a political correspondent, fronted the television arts show Backch@t, and was the head of news and current affairs at TVNZ from 2003 to 2007. The New Zealand Herald has described him as controversial.

Personal life
Born in Auckland, he attended Northcote Primary School and later Northcote College where he was Head Prefect.

At the University of Auckland he studied politics and history, and wrote for the student magazine Craccum.

He married Janet Wilson, who also works in the media, in c.1997, and has two children from a previous marriage. He takes a photo of Mark Kellogg, an Associated Press reporter who died with General Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, wherever he goes.

Career

Early
Ralston's career began with a cadet job for South Pacific Television in 1979. In 1980, he worked as a general news reporter for Television New Zealand (TVNZ) in Wellington and Christchurch. TVNZ seconded him to the BBC for six months in 1981, where he worked as a reporter for Wales Today in Cardiff. Returning in 1982, he went to the New Zealand Parliament Press Gallery as a political correspondent for TV ONE, where he covered the fall of the Muldoon government.

During the mid-1980s, he was a foreign correspondent for TVNZ, reporting from Indonesia, South Africa, China, the Philippines and Europe. He was shot at a Soweto school during the 1986 rebel Cavaliers tour of South Africa, and told by the Ministry of Information he was not welcome back. From 1987, he was a reporter for TVNZ's Frontline, before moving to competitor TV3 as Political Editor in 1989. In 1990 he was expelled from Fiji for his reporting. He later fronted TV3's Nightline current affairs show.

1990s
From April 1997 until October 2000 he was the editor of Metro lifestyle magazine. In 1999, an official from the Ministry of Health visited Ralston and threatened to prosecute the magazine under the Smoke-free Environments Act 1990, over a cigar review column. Ralston complained, saying the magazine derived no income from the column. While editor, several top Auckland restaurants banned him due to reviews in the magazine.

He hosted the arts and media show Backch@t for the show's three-year run from 1998 to 2000. Backch@t won the New Zealand Film and Television Awards Best Lifestyle Programme for all three years, and the 1999 Qantas Media Award Best Television Media Programme.

2000s
In July 2000, police were called to a Saatchi & Saatchi fundraising event, where it was alleged Ralston had punched guests. Until July 2003 he was writing for the Sunday News and the Independent business weekly, and was a talkback show host on Radio Pacific.

CEO Ian Fraser appointed Ralston head of news and current affairs at TVNZ starting on 14 July 2003, Fraser saying, "Bill's energy, his experience and just a hint of the mongrel" would meet the challenge of the job. Ralston had a goal of reducing the $46 million TVNZ news budget by $4.5 million, and there were a number of high-profile departures from the broadcaster, including Judy Bailey, Richard Long, and Paul Holmes. Discussing the departures later in 2007, he blamed the government, including Prime Minister Helen Clark, for political interference in the salary negotiations. He drew criticism in March 2005 for verbally attacking Prime Television CEO Chris Taylor, saying, "I'd be shooting myself. I'd be pouring petrol over myself and throwing myself off Auckland's tallest building". In 2006, ONE News won the Qantas Media Award Best News Programme. He faced disciplinary action also in 2006 over an expletive-laden call to a Herald on Sunday journalist, who was making enquires about a homeless cousin. Ralston resigned from TVNZ on 30 January 2007, prior to an announcement of restructuring.

Since TVNZ he has written columns for The New Zealand Herald, Herald on Sunday, The Listener, the Media Scrum blog for Fairfax Media, and in 2009 was an afternoon host for Radio Live. Former foreign minister Winston Peters refused to appear on the Sky News New Zealand show covering the 2008 general election, because he objected to Ralston, the host.

2010s
At the 2016 Auckland local elections, Ralston contested the Waitematā and Gulf ward of the Auckland Council. He came second in the contest to incumbent councillor Mike Lee and was not elected.

2020s
As a former editor employed by the Bauer Media Group, he commented on the company's decision to wind down its New Zealand business in response to the government banning magazines as part of the coronavirus lockdown as follows: "Eighty years of the Listener gone because some clod in Government decided to ban the publication."

Recognition
 1998 and 1999 Qantas Awards for Excellence in Journalism as Best Political Columnist
 1999 Qantas Media Award, Best Overall Columnist.

See also
 List of New Zealand television personalities

References

External links
 NZ On Screen biography
 Bill Ralston articles at The New Zealand Herald website
 Media Scrum blog at Stuff.co.nz

New Zealand journalists
New Zealand radio presenters
New Zealand television presenters
New Zealand columnists
New Zealand radio journalists
New Zealand television journalists
People from Auckland
University of Auckland alumni
Shooting survivors
1953 births
Living people
People educated at Northcote College


Antoine de Saint-Exupery was a French writer , aristocrat , poet and pioneer in aviator . He lived only 44 years after a mysterious death . Born in 29 June 1900 and died in 31 July 1944 .
He is best reminded for THE LITTLE PRINCE , and for his lyrical aviation writings including WIND , SAND and STARS , even NIGHT FLIGHT .
1. The time for action is now . It's never too late to do something .
2. The happiness comes from the joy of deeds well done , the zest of creating things new .
3. If you want to build a ship , don't drum up people to collect wood and don't assign them task and work , but rather teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea .
4. The one thing that matters is effort .
5. Love does not consist in gazing at each others , but in looking outward together in the same direction .
6. True love is inexhaustible . The more you give , the more you have .
7. A leader is a person who assumes responsibility . He says "I was beaten" , he does not say "my people were beaten ".
8. When you give yourself , you receive more that you give .
9. Perfection is achieved not when there is nothing more to add , but when there is nothing left to take away .
10. Is only the heart that can see rightly what is essential invisible to the eye .
Why did Donatella sold Versace Fashion House to Michael Kors ? Is this about a man ?


text:
Sign of the Times: Sinatra Collapse Photos
Site of the collapse facing north on Upper Sinatra Drive
The hole in the ground on upper Sinatra Drive collapse. More trouble is expected.
Area is now tied off in the background but but there's expectations of further problems.
(Click any photo to enlarge.)
Courtesy of the Wiley Coyote.
Posted by SmartyJones at Friday, October 08, 2010
Hoboken Sinatra Drive collapse|
Sinatra collapse update
City of Hoboken announces:
UPDATE ON SINATRA DRIVE ROAD COLLAPSE
A major roadway collapse occurred shortly after 4pm today on Sinatra Drive near 13th Street. There have been no injuries as a result of the collapse. According to the County engineer, additional portions of the road are expected to collapse due to the tides.
This road was built by Hudson County and the sidewalk and pier were built by Applied Housing, and they will be working together to repair the road. Hoboken's City engineer will be involved in the process to ensure that the repairs are completed as expeditiously as possible. The costs of repairs will not be the responsibility of the City of Hoboken.
The area has been secured with fencing and barriers, and police will remain in the area to ensure the safety of the public. Access to Lua will be available at their side door near Basic Learning. Hudson County and Applied will be providing security with the Hoboken Police Department providing relief as needed.
It is estimated that repairs will take between two and four weeks, however we will know more after engineers have a chance to more fully evaluate the situation.
According to engineers, the building at 1300 Sinatra Drive also known as the Constitution Building is structurally sound.
It is anticipated that the uptown ferry terminal will reopen by 11:30pm on Friday, October 8th.
Mayor Dawn Zimmer thanks the Hoboken Police Department, Hoboken Fire Department, the Environmental Services Department, the Office of Emergency Management team, the Hudson County Sheriff's Office, the Hudson County engineer and Applied Housing. We regret the inconvenience to Hoboken residents. The City will be working to ensure the road is repaired as quickly as possible.
Upper Sinatra problem with roadway collapse
SECTION OF SINATRA DRIVE CLOSED DUE TO ROADWAY COLLAPSE
Due to a roadway collapse, Sinatra Drive between 12th Street and 14th Street is closed to vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The City's engineer has been notified of the situation and is on route to the location. Additional information will be provided when it is available.
Get the latest Hoboken news:
Email | Text |Website | Facebook | Twitter | RSS
Update: Ferries are being rerouted to Southern Hoboken until engineers can evaluate the situation. There have been no injuries as a result of the collapse.
Mayor Dawn Zimmer Speaks at the Lenz Campaign Headquarters BBQ
Mayor Zimmer speaks at the Lenz for Council kickoff last Sunday. Topics she covers include flooding and the EmNet technology, taxes and overdevelopment.
The mayor directly challenges foreign forces trying to influence Hoboken by interfering in the November 2nd special election. This video is rare in the passion the mayor speaks in asking for support and the importance of this election's outcome.
She says the people involved now backed Peter Cammarano and "want to take us back."
Dem's fightin words.
Councilman Mike Lenz|Hoboken Mayor Zimmer|
5th and Bloomfield water main break
WATER MAIN BREAK ON BLOOMFIELD STREET
A 6-inch water main ruptured around 5:00 am this morning on the 500 block of Bloomfield Street. United Water is on the scene to make repairs, which are estimated to be completed by 4:00 pm. Residents of Bloomfield Street between 5th and 6thStreets will be without water until that time.
Mayor Dawn Zimmer Speaks at the Lenz Campaign Head...


Debate: Why Telugu students are deported from US..
Immigration officials are deporting tens of Telugu students from US to India on the charges of visa violations. Students said that they were treated like a criminals by handcuffing and subjected to interrogation in a room at a airport. Even, the students have faced harassment in the hands Air India officials at Shamshabad airport. The Congress leaders Rudraraju Padmaraju, Addanki Dayakar, TRS leader Manda Jagannadham and political analyst Laxminarayana have expressed their views in the the debate over the issue.


That was helpful (grammar aside). Same thing after multiple tries and using different browsers. 1610 obviously wasn't a number I could use being outside of Singapore, so I went hunting for an alternative line and found it easy enough on the Singnet website (+65 6838 3899 is the Sales and General Enquiry number for Singnet for those in a similar predicament). Unfortunately it is only available from Mondays to Saturdays, 8am – 6pm and so I decided to get up earlier today so that I could call. I explained my situation to the gentleman that took my call and after verifying my particulars (name and IC number) and my choice of plan, he asked me to hold on. After a few minutes, the conversation went something like this (not verbatim obviously since I didn't think there was a need to take notes for a simple thing like this).
Singnet: Thank you for holding, madam. Our department will notify you to confirm the re-contract.
Me:	But I'm overseas. Can you call me on my overseas number?
Singnet: Can you hold on please? Let me check.
Singnet: Thank you for holding, madam. We are unable to call you internationally. We can only call you on a local line.
Me: But I'm an overseas, how can I give you a local line? Can you email me then?
Singnet: Yes we can, we will email you at your Singnet email.
Singnet: I'm sorry, madam, we can only email you on your Singnet email.
He asks me to hold again while he goes check again. We are stuck in this silly stalemate situation for a few more minutes. Then it struck me, why can't I actually re-contract on the phone and be done with it.
Singnet: No Madam, you were eligible for recontract 3 months from the end of your contract, so you are eligible since April. Our department needs to contact you later to confirm the re-contract.
Me: Why can't it be confirmed now?
I could not get an answer and we are getting absolutely nowhere. This was an international call and I had to leave for work. My frustration was now pretty obvious and to his credit, the Support Staff took down my non-Singnet email and mobile number, promising to try and get the relevant department to contact me. I didn't think much of this and asked if it was better that I call back. He was obviously relieved, and said yes. I then asked how long it will take. "7 working days" was the answer, and at this point, I hang up so that I could get to work.
Throughout the entire conversation, the Support Staff was polite and I was not made to wait very long every time he asked that I hold the line while he goes "check". But this was a situation where he clearly was not able or empowered to provide support to me as a customer.
Agree to notify me on my non-Singnet email account which contains both my first and last names in the email ID, and risk… Sorry, I can't think of anything that would be a risk. No sensitive details would need to be in the email. I have already identified myself to the call centre staff with my full name and IC number. I would be willing to provide any other necessary details but none were requested.
Email: $0. Satisfied Customer: Priceless.
Agree to call me on my overseas mobile number. Assuming that he/she says hi, chats about the weather and finally tells me, "Yes, madam, we have successfully processed your re-contract request. Thank you for subscribing to Singnet. Have a nice day." it wouldn't take more than 10 minutes.
International Call: $20 (to be generous). Impressed Customer who swears eternal loyalty: Priceless.
Stonewall all my suggestions on how to contact me. Instead, expect customer to call back.
Clearly, customer service is not just saying please, thank you, and good bye. It is about putting yourself in your customer's shoes and anticipating what she/he really needs. Throughout the conversation, I was the one asking for and suggesting alternatives so that I can get what I need, with the least amount of hassle for everyone concerned. The easiest (and definitely cheapest) thing in this situation would be to just agree to send me an email for the confirmation, but apparently this was not possible.
I want to continue giving you my business Singnet, but you're not making it easy. I don't see how I can file and pay my taxes with ease despite not being in Singapore (kudos to IRAS), but I cannot do a simple thing like extend my broadband subscription without all the haggling on the phone.
We will see what happens when I call them again tomorrow.


text:
Home Television Stars English TV stars Jace Norman Height, Weight, Age, Family, Net Worth, Girlfriend
Jace Norman Height, Weight, Age, Family, Net Worth, Girlfriend
Jace Norman is an American actor best known for starring as Henry Hart/Kid Danger in Nickelodeon television series "Henry Danger". Jace was born on March 21, 2000 in New Mexico but later moved to Southern California when he was 8. He started his professional acting career in 2012 appearing on Disney Television series "Jessie". Since then, she has appeared in several television and film roles like Deadtime Stories, The Thundermans, Henry Danger, Splitting Adam, Webheads, Rufus, Rufus 2 and many others.
Full Name: Jace Lee Norman
Nick Name: Jace
Born Place: Corrales, New Mexico, United States
Race/ Ethnicity:
Jace Norman Family
Siblings: Xander Norman (Older Brother), Glory Norman (Older Sister)
Jace Norman Height Weight and Body Details
Jace Norman height weight
Height: 5 ft 7.5 in or 171 cm
Chest size: Not Known
Waist Size: Not Known
Biceps /Arms size: Not Known
Jace Norman Net Worth: Jace Norman Net Worth is estimated to be around $500,000
Jace Norman Girlfriend: He was in relationship with Isabela Moner in the past. They dated for only 6 months.
His previous relationships: Isabela Moner Jade Pettyjohn
Jace is known for playing the role as Henry Hart / Kid Danger in the Nickelodeon comedy series Henry Danger.
He enjoys playing basketball, soccer, and water polo.
He was born in New Mexico but moved to Southern California when he was 8 years old.
Jace started acting when he was 12 years old.
He is the youngest in his family of 3 children.
Previous articleBrec Bassinger Height, Weight, Age, Family, Net Worth, Boyfriend
Next articleIsabela Moner Height, Weight, Age, Measurements, Net Worth, Boyfriend


1) Why Does God allow suffering?
2) Why Did the Father Send Jesus as a Figurative Lamb?
3) If God Knew Man Would Fall, Why Then Did God Create Man?
4) Why Did God Plant the Tree of Good and Evil in the Garden of Eden?
5) Who Will These 2-Mysterious Witnesses in the Book of Revelation-Chapter 11 Be?
6) Who Are These "sons of God" and These "Nephilim-Giants" Found in Genesis-Chapter 6?
7) How Does The Number-7 and 7,000-years of Time, Fit Into The Scheme of Gods Master Plan?
8) What is "666" And This Mysterious "Mark of the Beast" Found in Revelation-Chapter 13?
9) Why Is It So Wrong To Take/Receive This Mysterious "Mark of the Beast" in Revelation?
10) Who Will The False Prophet Be?
11) Who Will The Antichrist Be?
12) Why Will God Allow Satan To Rule On Earth For 42-Months?
13) Why Does Jesus Loose Satan From The Abyss After 1,000-Years?
14) Why should I trust Jesus as my Lord and Savior?
a) Amazing Bible Codes ~ New!
b) Those Boring Bible Birth Records ~ New!
c)  The Wilderness Tabernacle and the Cross ~ New!
d) Did Dinosaurs Walk the Earth with Mankind ~ Coming Soon!
a) Why Does God Allow Suffering? ~ New!
l) What Is Our Role As Christians In Government? ~ Coming Soon!
m) What Are The 2-Greatest Signs of The Latter-Days? ~ New!


Want to check if you've scored big in the Lotto this week? Then you're in the right place.
On Wednesday night, the estimated Lotto Jackpot stood at R7 million. The Lotto Plus One jackpot was an estimated R10 million and the Lotto Plus two is an estimated R11 million.
In the last draw – no one managed five numbers and the bonus ball, but there was an amazing story of an unemployed grandmother who won a huge lotto jackpot recently.
So, if you've played the lotto this week and you want to check if you've won, you're in the right place.
Here are the winning lotto numbers for 6 September 2017.


text:
Gerald Lapkin, 2004
The Hon. Gerald Lapkin 2004, 186 pages
Documenting the life and career of Gerald Lapkin (b. 1944), Assistant Crown Attorney, Judicial District of York (1976-), Deputy Crown, Metro West (1987-) and Police Complaints Commissioner (1995-). Interview topics include: family background; University of Toronto law school (1965-); early career; Assistant Crown Attorney, Judicial District of York (1976-); Deputy Crown, Metro West (1987-); Co-ordinator of Justices for the Peace (1990- ); Chief Justice's Executive Committee; Police Complaints Commissioner (1995-). Interview conducted by Christine J.N. Kates. File includes six audio cassette recordings from a series of three interviews, a transcript with index (186 p.) and a copy of a release form.
Status: Please contact Osgoode Society for more information
Occupation: Judge
Read more about: Ontario Court of Justice
Title: Interviews with Gerald Lapkin
Date: Oct. 2004 - Nov. 2004
Restrictions: Closed until 22 June 2020
Container Info: (Textual records are located in container B436850; sound recordings are located in container B437267)
Location: Interview conducted as part of the Provincial Court Project.


Everybody needs to get those free jewels and coins in pixel gun 3D game. We get so addictive to this game. This is the case where we even attempt to utilize pixel gun 3D game to get boundless gems and coins in the game.
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When you play and gather your basic free gems and coins from the survival mode and three world battle, you have sufficiently increased XP to hit on the Deadly Games. Savage Games implies more opportunities to death and fewer opportunities to win. Yet, if you win, you will get drizzled on yourself with awards and free coins with the bundle of the amount. This again another simple trick to win. How? Just try to win all the more dangerous game in your play time and get rewards like trophies and coins effectively. Presently there is a portion of the lawful ways you can use to get free coins and gems in this game. If they are requesting to complete deals or do reviews, give it a try and win.
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Just as the 2018 hurricane season is set to begin June 1st, a new study shows the Puerto Rico death toll from Hurricane Maria last September could be substantially higher than previous estimates.
The Harvard University-led research, published this week in the New England Journal of Medicine, estimates the "excess" death toll in the three months following Maria at 4,645 people, more than 70 times the official government estimate of 64 people.
At least one independent expert has questioned the new estimate, which looks at how many people died in the months following the hurricane who would not have otherwise died.
"This estimate could be off by thousands-easily," said Dr. Donald Berry, a professor of biostatistics at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
Campbell says a greater number of deaths than the government's original count makes sense as so many Puerto Ricans lacked power and access to medical services in the months following the storm.
"Oftentimes during a natural disaster some of the greatest impact can be felt in the days and weeks after the storm," she said, "when people are both in need of clean water, food and shelter and are also extremely hard to reach." World Vision raised more than $4 million to help 100,000 people in the aftermath of Maria.
Jeff Nene, a spokesman for the faith-based humanitarian organization Convoy of Hope, said the new report is helping to reenergize Convoy's mission in Puerto Rico.
"We feel like we had a very strong response to Hurricane Maria," he told CBN News, noting that more than 6 million emergency meals were served and close to half a million people were helped by Convoy.
David Melber, president of the Southern Baptist's humanitarian organization Send Relief, said he's sad to hear the report but encouraged that it will generate more interest in the ongoing needs of the island.
As the new hurricane season approaches, Melber and Nene say many homes still need a roof. "It's safe to say there's still tens of thousands of homes that have a tarp for a roof," Melber said.
It's why the Southern Baptists and groups like Convoy of Hope are continuing to send construction teams to the island. Nene said that Convoy has a two-year commitment to Puerto Rico and is focused on rebuilding as well as food and water.
Samaritan's Purse is also focused on re-building but is supplying materials and partnering with local churches to provide the manual labor.
Many faith-based groups have also begun to prepare for the new hurricane season.
Send Relief has positioned a variety of supplies on the island to help its 70 or more churches be able to minister in the first week after a disaster.
"We have food, water filtration, water, generators, chain saws, propane fuel, cooking equipment – the most basic things you would need to restore transportation and make sure people have food and water," said Melber.
Send Relief decided to ship the supplies ahead of any potential hurricane to avoid the difficulties in shipping that happened after Maria.