The Consortium will follow the Code of Good Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers. A specialist on the precise profile of the PhD applicant, if not present inside the committee, will be invited when needed. Special attention will be paid to recruitment of applicants from Central and Eastern Europe, facilitated by the contacts established by the consortium members within the Thematic Network PhoenixTN activities. By experience, female students are under-represented among the applicants from certain countries due to cultural factors. Special emphasis will be put on recruiting such applicants. Professionals, looking for further academic training will also be encouraged to apply. Top performing students at the partners' master courses will be encouraged to apply. The regulations of the JDP will be carefully followed, in particular regarding experience, transnational mobility, and academic quality of the applicants and transparency of the selection procedure. Transparent procedures and equal opportunity in terms of nationality and gender will be ensured.
The coordinating partner will receive the students' application forms (European and Third country) through an online application published on the program's website, where all requirements and the selection principles are documented. The whole process will be monitored by the General Secretary (EHESS), who will organize the selection procedures, i.e. checking that the candidates' CVs correspond to the PhD criteria for eligibility: academic background (master diploma) in medicine, sociology, anthropology, history, geography, demography, philosophy, literature, law, economics, management or thematic programs within the field. The general secretary will also verify that each student has sent appropriate documents indicating the marks for examines in certified, digitalized copies of diplomas, including testimonies of the level in English (Toefl), French, Portuguese and/or Spanish. Other documents required are: a motivation letter in one of the said languages, research project proposal, and two recommendation letters. She will also confirm that the applicants have sent a certified copy of the diploma(s) by traditional post and will distribute the documents among the members of the Scientific Board for the selection meeting, where the final ranking will be made. In cases of uncertainty, personal interviews by Skype may be used (for control of proficiency) upon advance information to the student.
Candidates shall deliver one (or several) duly verified Diplomas from postgraduate studies (Master or equivalent), with excellent results in at least one of the disciplines represented in the consortium (Medicine, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, etc.).
Please carefully read the Eligibility rules and Selection criteria to check if your candidacy matches the criteria.
Please also take note of the mobility requirements.
To be eligible for the programme, the following criteria need to be met. The full criteria can be found in the Erasmus Mundus Programme Guide 2009 – 2013.
Partner Category fellowships can be awarded to third-country doctoral candidates selected by EMJD consortia who come from a country other than a European country and who are not residents nor have carried out their main activity (studies, work, etc.) for more than a total of 12 months over the last five years in these countries. The only exception to this rule applies to third-country doctoral candidates who have previously received an Erasmus Mundus masters scholarship in order to follow an EMMC.
Programme Category fellowships can be awarded to European doctoral candidates selected by EMJD consortia as well as to any doctoral candidates selected by EMJD consortia who do not fulfil the Partner Category criteria defined above. Fellowship candidates fulfilling the eligibility criteria for both Categories (e.g. students with double nationality) must select the Category of their choice. As a result, they are entitled to apply only to one of the two categories of fellowship at a time.
Candidates fulfilling eligibility criteria for both Categories (e.g. with dual nationality) must choose a category and may only apply to one of the two categories of fellowship at a time.
Fellowship candidates must have already obtained a first post-graduate degree or demonstrate a recognised equivalent level of learning according to national legislation and practices.
Individual EMJD fellowships are awarded exclusively for full-time enrolment in one of the doctoral programmes.
Individuals who have already benefited from an EMJD fellowship are not eligible for a second grant.
Doctoral candidates benefiting from an EMJD fellowship cannot benefit from other EU grants while carrying out their Erasmus Mundus doctoral activities.
Only candidates who have applied to and have been accepted by an EMJD consortium in accordance with its specific doctoral candidate's application and selection criteria are eligible for a fellowship.
Students/Doctoral candidates can apply for an Erasmus Mundus scholarship/fellowship to the Erasmus Mundus Action 1 joint programme (EMMC or EMJD) of their choice but the number of applications must be limited to maximum three different joint programmes.
The doctorate programme is open to students from around the world with an academic master's degree and at least 5 years (300 ECTS) of academic education and proven excellence in academic records. Candidates should have affinity with the call topic and fit with the proposed research project listed in the call.
Health care and the state building.
Mobility is a key component of this program. Each candidate will be expected to conduct their PhD under the supervision of at least two different European institutions, following joint courses with the other students in your cohort.
Partner Category fellowship holders can spend a training/research/ fieldwork period of a maximum duration of one semester (or 6 months, cumulative or consecutive) in these countries and only if different from the student's country of origin; periods in excess of this duration may not be covered by the EMJD fellowship.
o	Programme fellowship holders can spend up to one year (cumulative or consecutive) of their doctorate activities in these countries; periods in excess of this duration may not be covered by the EMJD fellowship.


text:
class JSpout {

  static {
    System.loadLibrary("JSpout");
  }

  static native int InitSender(String name, int width, int height, int mode);

  static native int InitReceiver(String name, int[] dim, int mode);

  static native boolean ReleaseSender();

  static native boolean ReleaseReceiver();

  static native void WriteToSharedMemory(int w, int h, int[] pix);

  static native boolean ReadFromSharedMemory(int[] dim, int[] pix);

  static native boolean ReadTexture(int[] dim, int[] pix);

  static native void WriteTexture(int w, int h, int texID, int texTarget, boolean bInvert);

  static native String GetSenderName();

  static native boolean SenderDialog();

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
import * as v1beta3 from './v1beta3';

const FlexTemplatesServiceClient = v1beta3.FlexTemplatesServiceClient;
type FlexTemplatesServiceClient = v1beta3.FlexTemplatesServiceClient;
const JobsV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.JobsV1Beta3Client;
type JobsV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.JobsV1Beta3Client;
const MessagesV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.MessagesV1Beta3Client;
type MessagesV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.MessagesV1Beta3Client;
const MetricsV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.MetricsV1Beta3Client;
type MetricsV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.MetricsV1Beta3Client;
const SnapshotsV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.SnapshotsV1Beta3Client;
type SnapshotsV1Beta3Client = v1beta3.SnapshotsV1Beta3Client;
const TemplatesServiceClient = v1beta3.TemplatesServiceClient;
type TemplatesServiceClient = v1beta3.TemplatesServiceClient;

export {
  v1beta3,
  FlexTemplatesServiceClient,
  JobsV1Beta3Client,
  MessagesV1Beta3Client,
  MetricsV1Beta3Client,
  SnapshotsV1Beta3Client,
  TemplatesServiceClient,
};
export default {
  v1beta3,
  FlexTemplatesServiceClient,
  JobsV1Beta3Client,
  MessagesV1Beta3Client,
  MetricsV1Beta3Client,
  SnapshotsV1Beta3Client,
  TemplatesServiceClient,
};
import * as protos from '../protos/protos';
export {protos};


text:
Vaccine and Mask Requirements
Participants must be fully vaccinated and show proof of vaccination with photo ID.
Masks are required inside all OFC facilities. Learn more about our commitment to health and safety.
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Technical Conference: 05 – 09 March 2023
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San Diego International Airport (SAN): (Distance from the San Diego Convention Center, 3.3 miles)
City Bus Public transit is available to and from the Airport and downtown San Diego on the Metropolitan Transit System's Route 992, which stops at Terminals 1 and 2, and operates between 5:00 a.m. and 11:30 p.m., every 15 minutes on weekdays and every 30 minutes on weekends and holidays.
Metropolitan Transit System (Trolley): If you're staying in and around downtown San Diego, the iconic bright red trolley will take you in and around the city. The San Diego Trolley provides convenient services from key locations downtown, including the Santa Fe Depot and the San Diego Convention Center, crisscrossing through downtown and out to various locations like Old Town, Mission Valley, El Cajon, Santee and San Ysidro, which is on the Mexican border.
There are three trolley lines (UC San Diego Blue, Orange and Sycuan Green) that service the downtown San Diego communities and beyond, covering 53 miles of double-track railway and 53 stations total. Trolley and bus adult fares are inexpensive and children aged 5 and under ride for free. Trolleys run an average of every 15 minutes, 7 minutes during peak and 30 minutes during off-peak hours.
For current information on Bus and Trolley Service, visit the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System.
PRONTO: MTS and NCTD riders can use the new regional fare system, PRONTO. PRONTO will replace the Compass Card and Cloud systems entirely, offering riders a better payment experience when choosing transit.
Buses: An economical way to navigate through San Diego is by bus. There are plenty of routes that offer service throughout the county. Be sure to check schedules and plan your routes in advance.
For bus schedules and information, visit SDMTS.
For bus schedules and information for San Diego's North County, visit BREEZE.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I Should Have Given Up By Now But I Won't Let Lupus Win.
Have you ever felt hopeless because of a chronic illness? Were you angry and maybe resentful of the loss of your health and independence? Have you ever felt like your body turned against you for no apparent reason? Learn how one woman faced debilitating lupus flares head on, and embraced her life with lupus. By changing her outlook and perspective she eventually regained control of her journey, leaving "The Town of Used To" behind for good.
It's a fact — I am a death cheater.
There was the time in my 20s when I almost died after being run over by a pickup truck traveling 50 mph. And then there was the lupus diagnosis and subsequent blood clots, mini-strokes, brain aneurysm and other medical absurdities that seem to come along with this chronic illness. Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body (skin, joints, and/or organs inside the body). Through the grace of God, an incredible support system and a feisty personality (What can I say? I'm Italian…), it seems I've been able to make a comeback again and again and again. Here's what I've learned: if you have a chronic illness, you will suffer setbacks, pain and disappointments. While there are some things you cannot control, you have to learn to accept your illness instead of living a life full of regret.
In 2007, several years after my lupus diagnosis and tango with the bumper of a Ford Ranger, I married an incredible man. For the first few years after our wedding, I experienced lupus flares that can only be described as an overload of unthinkable. My illness was so bad at one point that the hospital sent me home, because there was no other treatment they could provide. For a period of time, I slept, and only ate and bathed with the help of a nurse.
I was understandably frustrated and angry, and I was resentful and angry about my chronic physical illness. I wanted to enjoy life with my husband, I wanted to spend time with my friends, I wanted to travel and live as the 30-year-old person that I was.
The loss of health can interrupt so many parts of life — career, finances, intimacy, hopes and self-esteem. We can feel frustration, guilt (because we have to rely on others) and depression. Add a little pride to the mix, and refusal to reach out for any help, and you have a disaster slowly unfolding.
Have you ever traveled to "The Town of Used To?" It's not a good place to visit. I noticed the more time I spent pining for the life I used to have, the more discontentment and pain I felt for the things that were involuntarily taken away from me. My craving for my old health and freedom was leaving me feeling bitter and discouraged.
Through the help of my super smart (and quite handsome) husband, I came to the realization that I had never fully grieved and mourned the loss of my old life. I needed to accept my illness and leave despair and dismay aside. Instead of mourning my lost opportunities, I needed to focus on making the best life I can here and now with what I have.
I made a commitment to change. I began to make a calculated and intentional effort to be grateful and cognizant of the positive things in my life, my life with lupus. It wasn't easy, and I failed a lot. But if I didn't change my way of thinking, I knew I'd end up constantly dissatisfied, with one foot in my new world of coping with a chronic illness and the other stuck in the past.
My journal, prayers and support helped me retrain my brain and put a permanent restriction on visits to The Town of Used To. It has taken me years, but I can see the fruits of my intentional efforts and a shift in my way of thinking. Yes, I have a chronic illness, lupus, but no, it does not define my happiness. Today I am grateful to be alive, to have an incredible career and to be surrounded by people who love me and believe in me. I'm lucky to have an adoring mom, a patient husband and a sweet rescue dog. My life, my life with lupus, is defined by me.
And so, here's to my next adventure, one far away from the hospital and most definitely not in The Town of Used To!
If you need some more support, come visit me at Lupus Chick. I'm your go-to girl for Chronic Illness advice!
Heal your gut today with Further Collagen. Click here to start repairing your gut lining!
Thank you for sharing your life with us. I was diagnosed with Lupus in 2014 bit doctors have since figured I had it as far back as 2001 and it went undiagnosed. It took several years of attitude changes as you described for me to now be able to say my Lupus has been a blessing in disguise. I left my stressful job and teCh crochet and knitting, a dream I have had a long time. Life is different but I am working with my passion and very blessed and grateful.
Wow your story really inspired me, I have been dealing with chronic illnesses for two years now lupus is no joke I miss the old me and the times when I could do more things as I read this makes so much sense to focus on how grateful to another chance of living. Thank you for your inspiration your kind words can help anyone. I need to learn how to live with lupus and actually do it.


text:
Security and emergency preparedness is vital to the safety and well-being of our students, staff and visitors. PLSAS has a comprehensive Crisis Management Plan that incorporates all four phases of Crisis Management: Prevention/Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery.
PLSAS' plan was designed with the help of local law enforcement, emergency management, and public health officials, along with guidance provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The district is committed to continually reevaluating its school safety procedures and protocols.
11 Annual Drills
Law Enforcement Partnerships
School Safety Structure
Secure Front Entrances
Standard Reunification Method
All schools in Minnesota are required to have five lockdown drills, five fire drills and one tornado drill each year by state law. The drills help students better understand their environments and give them confidence to respond in an emergency situation. The drills also help staff review their plans and provide them an opportunity to report any issues.
In the event of an emergency, we ask for parent/guardian cooperation in the following procedures:
Please do not telephone the school. Telephone lines must be kept available for emergency communication.
Please do not come to the school unless requested to pick up your child.
You can expect the school district to respond and inform you via: email, website, phone, including text and voicemails, and social media.
PLSAS enjoys a strong working relationship with Prior Lake and Savage police and fire departments, Scott County Emergency Management and Mdewakanton Public Safety. The district has two School Resource Officers: one at the middle schools and one at Prior Lake High School. Police officers also have strong relationships with our elementary schools.
Our schools offer a safe, confidential way to report bullying or to help someone facing mental health issues. If the issue does not require immediate action, the report can be made through our confidential reporting system, located on this page as well as the home page of each school website.
Tip Line: (952) 226-0005
PLSAS also offers a Tip Line for students, parents or anyone in the community to report weapons, threats of violence or any activity that could potentially endanger students, staff or property. The anonymous Tip Line phone number is (952) 226-0005.
PLSAS' district and school safety structures consist of the following teams that review, revise and practice crisis preparedness, response and threat assessment procedures:
District Crisis Response Team
Community Crisis Response Team
District Recovery Team
Building Crisis Response Team
Medical Emergency Response Team
Building Recovery Team
Those who wish to visit a building during the school day are currently only granted access through one door to the main office, or check-in desk, where they are greeted by a staff member who will make sure they know their business with the school and properly sign in using our visitor management system. This system allows us to track visitors in our buildings and enhance our existing school safety plans.
During the school day, visitors are asked to present a government-issued ID, such as a driver's license or passport, which is scanned into the system. The system will then conduct an on-the-spot background check against the national sex-offender database. Once entry is approved, a sticker badge with photo ID will be issued. When leaving the building, visitors turn in their badge at the main office or check-in desk.
Should an emergency situation arise in our community or one of our buildings while school is in session, we want you to be aware that our district has made preparations to respond effectively and appropriately.
Prior Lake-Savage Area Schools has a detailed, all-hazards emergency plan that has been formulated to provide direction to its staff and students during an emergency. This Reunification process was planned with the help of local law enforcement and is designed to ensure parents and students are safely reunited during an emergency.
Prior to reuniting families with their student, it is important for parents to remember the following:
Stay Home - Going to the school could interfere with emergency responders' ability to respond to the crisis.
Stay Informed - Reunification will occur at a different location than the school a student attends. Do not call or text. The district will keep parents informed.
Be Ready - Parents will be instructed to bring a photo ID and come to a Reunification check-in location to be reunited with their child.
For more details, please view our Reunification video and the following flyer:
English, Spanish, Somali
District and school officials have access to surveillance cameras located throughout the district that can be seen live anywhere, at any time in case of an emergency.
PLHS
Bridges ALC
Five Hawks Elementary School
Glendale Elementary School
Hamilton Ridge Elementary School
Jeffers Pond Elementary School
La old del lago at Grainwood
Redtail Ridge Elementary School
WestWood Elementary School


Swat is a valley and also an administrative district which is located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, the overall literacy rate in Swat is not enough, although the educational institutes that are located in this region doing their best to increase the literacy rate in this region and showing upward trend.
Colleges/Universities in Swat such as College of Global Technologies & Cadet College are paying their efforts to escalation the educational level in this part by offering latest courses and programs. The students who are located in this region want to get the up to date knowledge along with true professional skills then these institutions are best choice for them.
Among the list of colleges/Universities in Swat there are several educational institutions as well which are providing leading educational services for the students. Different other educational government and private institutions are also certifying their role in education zone to develop the vigorous nation.


text:
Rolex And Rock Music? We Match Watches To Music Tastes
Written by Charmian Leong on 10 March 2016 . in In Depth.
Your tastes in music may just reveal quite a bit about the watches you like.
You consider yourself a musical purist since the history of classical music predates many other genres. You tend to be quiet and contemplative, politely acknowledging your friend's more raucous tastes in radio channels while silently applauding yourself for understanding what refinement is. More than just a casual appreciator, you likely can – or want to – play an instrument or five, and read scores better than people read lyrics.
HOROLOGICAL LEANING: Heritage and tradition matter to you, and you have as much interest in a timepiece's calibre as you do its case. Chiming watches are a plus.
LIKELY TO WEAR: Patek Philippe, Vacheron Constantin, Ulysse Nardin
Like classical music fans, metalheads are hugely proud of just how much they know about their favourite musicians, songs and histories of each sub-sub-sub-genre. You have a deeply sensitive soul that just happens to be masked by the scars sustained from enjoying dramatic music that's punched into you at those rainforests of flesh and hair you call mosh pits.
HOROLOGICAL LEANING: Whatever's extremely out of left field with pages of philosophy to follow each reference. It doesn't have to be indestructible, but its spirit must be unafraid. Like your jaw.
LIKELY TO WEAR: Artya, Romain Jerome
As a fan of pop music, you are used to the hate your types get for having the audacity to like music that everyone else likes. But you know there's nothing wrong with wanting to enjoy tunes that are fun, catchy and make you feel good. Because of its mass appeal, you'll never have trouble finding someone who feels the same way.
HOROLOGICAL LEANING: Watches with the primary purpose of delighting its wearer, either in form or function. The more options, the better.
LIKELY TO WEAR: Franck Muller, Swatch
Hip hop is as much a lifestyle as it is a musical genre, and it's one that seems best suited to expressive youth. Rapping, graffiti, breakdancing and DJ-ing just doesn't look as cool on the wizened. You pull no punches and the rules (grammatical or otherwise) are there to be broken. You urban, you underground, you slick. It's all about the swagger, yo.
HOROLOGICAL LEANING: Ice ice baby.
LIKELY TO WEAR: Hublot, Audemars Piguet
It's all about love when it comes to people who groove to electronic dance music. Love for flashing lights, beats that alter your heart rate, and fellow ravers whose armpits you've gotten intimately familiar with. You want experiences that you can feel with your soul rather than your hands, as the latter will be surgically attached to your camera phone so you can record and share the show.
HOROLOGICAL LEANING: You're all about the future and being connected, so mechanical toys won't interest you as much as trendy digital watches that will match your beaded gauntlets.
LIKELY TO WEAR: Nixon, Apple Watch, Casio, paper wristbands
A genre so massive and well-loved through the decades that it's probably the only style that people can't really make fun of or hate on with any real conviction. You can be 17 or 70 and your faded jeans-loving lot will welcome you with open arms the second you belt out November Rain. You're confident, easy going but just the right amount of edge to hold your own.
HOROLOGICAL LEANING: Like rock, you want a watch that will fit right in in any situation. You can appreciate tickers that are wildly popular or restrictively niche as long as it works well.
LIKELY TO WEAR: Rolex


Welcome to the Physio Centres.
We have clinics in both Edinburgh and Glasgow and are a team of health professionals that are dedicated to helping you to achieve better health.
This blog post is dedicated to those of you that are uninitiated to Physiotherapy and remedial massage therapies.
Your treatment is a journey that we help you through from your initial consultation to achieving your goal, be it to reduce pain or run your next marathon faster.
Our team of experts can treat and guide you through the process.
You can contact by phoning us, emailing us, using our website contact form or your insurance company may refer you to us.
From here your inquiry will be replied to by our reception staff. If it is a question they don't understand they go the extra mile and ask one of our therapists the best course of action for you. So right from the beginning you are in safe hands.
If you are still not sure what treatment is the best for you we offer a 15 minute assessment service where you can come in and talk to a physiotherapist who will guide you to the best treatment plan for your injury (condition). This is a free session if you book a 45 minute Physio appointment or 1 hour massage - payment required on day of session.
The day before your session you will receive a text or email reminder and we usually recommend that you bring in flexible clothing so we can assess the affected area.
On the day of your treatment you will be asked for your contact details, complete some general health status questions and complete a wellbeing questionnaire. We usually joke that this is like filling out a novel but it is really important for us therapists to understand what is happening to your body and to help pick up any reasons why your body may not be healing itself in the way we would expect.
A detailed history once you are in the treatment room lets you tell your pain (injury) story. It is important for your healing that you can tell us what is happening to your body. We will ask questions like, where is the pain, what does it feel like, what makes it go away/get better, what have you already tried? If we know these things we get a good picture of what may help and what types of things we need to check up on later.
We will usually ask you at about this time what you expect from physiotherapy. It is your turn to tell us your big hairy audacious goal, it may be to perform an ultra-marathon, it may be to stand up from sitting without that groan that sometimes slips out as we get older. It may also be about managing a chronic condition or reducing the number of low back pain episodes or getting you back to work. It's up to you.
Each one of our therapists have different interests and experiences and our website explains a little of our backgrounds. We treat and assess based on this combined knowledge and we share that knowledge to help you get better faster.
Our treatment techniques vary from condition to condition, every injury is as individual as every person we see and we treat you exactly the same way.
One session won't fix you although we expect you should feel better. We normally recommend that you have at least three sessions. This gives your body time to adapt to the changes that we make through your sessions and the exercises that you are asked to perform.
Conversely, if we think there is something that needs further investigation we will refer to the people that can help you.
We love hearing about our client's achievements, what time they ran their marathon, walked the moonwalk or didn't have back pain for a whole year. This is what make us get out of bed every morning and drives us to learn more ways to help you feel better.
Remember that prevention is always the best cure and our therapists are more than happy to review an old issue or that wee niggle that you know will get worse if you leave it.
So, we look at you as a whole person, we don't just treat 'the bit that hurts'. This means that we don't just treat the symptom, but the cause of that symptom.


text:
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Fighting the Stigma of Substance Use Disorder
An Interview with Dr. Carolyn Warner-Greer
Written by Kristina Nussbaum
YWCA Northeast Indiana had the privilege of chatting with Dr. Carolyn Warner-Greer about the stigma associated with addiction. Dr. Warner-Greer, medical director at Bowen Recovery Center and a physician in their outpatient offices, works with patients that have substance use disorder.
Addiction is clinically referred to as substance use disorder. According to DSM-5, a substance use disorder (SUD) involves patterns of symptoms caused by using a substance that an individual continues taking despite its negative effects. Based on decades of research, DSM-5 points out 11 criteria that can arise from substance misuse.
Why is Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Classified as a disease?
There has been a great deal of skepticism in the community as to whether SUD is a disease or merely a choice combined with a lack of willpower. Dr. Warner-Greer explains that psychiatry uses criteria to diagnose illnesses or diseases. For example, to diagnose an individual with a depressive disorder, there are very specific criteria used. The same is true for generalized anxiety and other mental health disorders. "I don't think anyone would ever argue that those (referring to depression and anxiety) aren't medical conditions," says Dr. Warner-Greer.
Criteria used to diagnose substance use disorder include using a substance longer than planned, consuming larger amounts than planned, and being unable to cut down or stop using. Substance use disorder also has a negative impact on relationships and life activities, so other criteria that can identify SUD includes losing interest in or failing to participate in family events, work, parenting, or other responsibilities or hobbies that were previously important to the person.
One difference between someone who uses a substance versus someone who could be diagnosed as having substance use disorder is when the individual has cravings and a growing tolerance to the substance, resulting in having to take more to get the same effect and experiencing withdrawal symptoms if they try to cut back.
As with other medical conditions, substance use disorder responds well to a combination of interventions and medicines. Clinical interventions can include individual and group therapy and living in a supportive housing environment. Education for both the patient and their family is also important. For example, if a 10-year-old was diagnosed with diabetes, the child's family would receive education about managing the disease. The same is necessary for the family of someone diagnosed with substance use disorder.
To summarize, the criteria and diagnosis for substance use disorder is handled similarly to other medical diseases, and like other medical diseases, interventions and treatment are also needed to manage the disease and help someone live in recovery.
Why do some people get addicted to a substance, while others do not?
"If I took 10 people and exposed them all to a substance, let's say opiates, statistically 8 out of 10 would have a negative response, like nausea, itching, or sedation. These same people would say 'no thanks' and prefer some other form of pain relief, such as Tylenol. They also would be able to easily stop when the reason they are taking the medication has resolved," says Dr. Warner-Greer.
Dr. Warner-Greer goes on to explain that statistically two people will have a different experience than the norm. "With opioids, people typically feel tired because the drug can act like a depressant, but people with a substance use disorder will experience a sense of euphoria or ease, and when the legitimate reasons for using the opioid are gone, they will want to continue using the drug as it affects the brain's pleasure center."
The brain has a pleasure center where everything that is pleasurable to us, such as eating, sex, holding a brand new baby, or being around family, causes an increase in endorphins. Opioids do that too. When people experience that sense of euphoria from a substance, their brains, at the most primitive level, want to continue to feel that way.
People with substance use disorder will go to great lengths to satisfy their primitive brain, that inner craving, because that part of the brain is telling them that they will not be okay and that they cannot function or survive without the substance. "The people around them, and even themselves, won't understand why the higher order of their brains (their upbringing, values, etc.) cannot overcome the primitive cravings. They know that taking Grandmother's medicine is wrong, but their most primitive brain tells them that it is necessary," Dr. Warner-Greer explains.
What are some interventions and are medications beneficial?
When someone is affected by a psychiatric illness, whether it be a mood disorder, a thought disorder, or substance use disorder, Dr. Warner-Greer says she looks at interventions that will improve the patient's quality of life, improve their social relationships, and help them become a contributing member of society.
"I would never argue with the principles of a 12-step program like Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous as they have been around for many years, and the camaraderie of a recovery fellowship can be very valuable; however, for some people, incorporating medicines in their treatment plan benefits them," Dr. Warner-Greer says. "We collect evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of medicine, but we are still fighting a stigma. Before medicines were widely used, medicine was often seen as replacing one substance for another. And some people in long-term recovery would say 'I didn't need that medicine, so why should they?' To be perfectly honest, that is the opinion I had 15 years ago. The way I flipped it around is they're already dependent on that medicine, so we're not creating a problem. That ship sailed a long time ago from whatever exposure they had. What I'm doing is improving their quality of life and definitely reducing the likelihood of death, which doesn't just affect that person but also affects everybody who has a connection with them."
Substance use disorder is not an issue that affects only individuals. "The overdose epidemic has harmed families, communities, and definitely has harmed individuals, so anything we can do, that we know from a scientific standpoint will improve quality of life and longevity of life, we should do."
"I had a wise mentor who asked me why I would want to withhold something that was going to improve a patient's life just because it wasn't available 10 years ago," Dr. Warner-Greer explains. "That wisdom made perfect sense to me."
Medicines are not just for people dealing with an opioid-related disorder but can also be effective in addressing tobacco and alcohol use. Dr. Warner-Greer shares that medicines to address tobacco and alcohol use have been around for a long time. "Tobacco and alcohol, which are the two most devastating substances in our community, will rob lives and disrupt families and communities much more than opioids or stimulants or marijuana ever will, but because they're legal they don't get quite the attention." Dr. Warner-Greer went on to state, "And in my office, these conditions get attention because I don't want someone to stop using heroin to only die of lung cancer when they are 50 years old because I never address their tobacco use."
What is one thing you would like to change about the stigma of substance use disorder?
Per Dr. Warner-Greer, one of the reasons that people don't get treatment for very curable illnesses, such as mental illness or substance use disorder, is that for both there is a stigma associated with seeking treatment. Dr. Warner-Greer admits she still can have stigma-influenced thoughts, even when working all day, every day with patients impacted by mental illness and substance use disorder. "I always go back to what a mentor told me a long time ago. When people are doing things that seem like they're causing more problems, know that inside their head that's not what's going on. They are not intentionally causing more problems because nobody wants to live that life. Most likely, the pain that's associated with not using substances is so great that they are picking the lesser of two horrible situations. I try as hard as I can to sit in the pain that my patients have undergone, and I don't think I, or anyone, could ever really understand another person's pain or trauma, but I do understand that substance use often is only because it's too hard to be without substances at that moment."
Dr. Warner-Greer seeks not only to provide medical care to her patients but also makes it a priority to understand their trauma. She also says it is important to accept where they are at that moment. "We try to do everything we can to improve the social determinants of health and applaud any positive change."
She is frequently asked, "Why would you expect anything outside of abstinence?" Her response includes, "If someone came to see me a year ago and they were using fentanyl five times a day and now they're using it once a week, that is a huge and positive change. Now, will their drug test come back negative? Probably not, but they are still alive. That's positive. We need to look at things outside of objective drug tests and, instead, say, "you have developed a relationship with your family again" or "you are parenting your children and going to work." In the minds of my patients, they believe they are making progress and achieving stability, and that is given praise. I know that if I was working really hard on something and someone came up to me and said, "well it's not finished so it's worthless," that would probably not help me stay fastidious towards my goal."
The words we use also can contribute to stigma or lessen a stigma. We don't want to label people by their disease, just like we wouldn't for other medical illnesses. We need to stop using words like "addict" and "unclean." Instead, we need to say "a person with substance use disorder" or "someone who has a positive (or negative) drug test."
"I ask people to work to change their language, and then watch the change that comes from that," Dr. Warner-Greer says. "But, we also need to offer grace with those that are striving to change their language, learn, and adopt new vocabulary."
For further information on this topic, YWCA Northeast Indiana suggests listening to Dr. Carolyn Warner-Greer's TedX talk "Shaming the Sick: Substance Use and Stigma".
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text:
[Ep #282] Making art is more than just a hobby; it's a calling
Topic: Making art is more than just a hobby; it's a calling
My guest today says, "Making art is more than just a hobby. For many of us, it's a calling".
Joining me today is Jessica Van Der Wyngaard.
Jessica is an independent filmmaker. Her most recent work is a documentary feature called I Survived I Kissed Dating Goodbye.
It is the journey of Joshua Harris (Christian author and former pastor) reevaluating his signature work: a book that became "the bible" for Christian dating.
The film has now been released for free, as of November 20!
On today's show Jessica is going to share:
Nothing is wasted. All that you go through in life – the ups and downs, the career side-steps and reprimands – they all prepare you for what's in your future.
If you have a vision for making a difference. Don't give up when things get hard.
As an entrepreneur and an artist, receiving constructive criticism is often hard to swallow, but it' necessary for growth and getting better.
https://media.blubrry.com/ambitiousentrepreneurnetwork/p/content.blubrry.com/ambitiousentrepreneurnetwork/TCE282_Making_art_is_more_than_just_a_hobby_it_s_a_calling.mp3
Podcast (the-christian-entrepreneurs-podcast): Play in new window | Download (Duration: 31:08 — 29.1MB) | Embed
About Jessica Van Der Wyngaard:
I'm an independent filmmaker. My most recent work is a documentary feature called I Survived I Kissed Dating Goodbye. It is the journey of Joshua Harris (Christian author and former pastor) reevaluating his signature work: a book that became "the bible" for Christian dating. I made the film while living in Vancouver, Canada while completing a Masters in Theological Studies. I was studying alongside Harris when the idea for the film came to me and together we crowd-funded the production and made it in record time! The film has now been released for free, as of November 20!
Website: https://www.docs-ology.com/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jessicavanderwyngaard/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/isurvivedikdg/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ISurvivedIKDG/
Want to start your own podcast so you can become an influential voice in your industry – but don't know where to start? Access our free Minitraining by clicking here.
Priyanka Chauhan	2019-01-18T15:53:56+10:00
Subscribe to the Show
Join the discussion over on Facebook


The FBI has a new awareness of the importance of records management, the assistant director for its new Records Management Division says.
Preventing acts of terror takes a different skill set from the bureau's traditional role of catching lawbreakers after the fact, William Hooton said last week at the E-Gov conference in Washington. Criminal evidence in itself is not an official bureau record, he said, but any analysis of the evidence is a record.
For 90 years the bureau had an efficient paper filing system, mostly because of longtime director J. Edgar Hoover, Hooton said. Special agents used whatever filing approach made them comfortable, such as filing cabinets under their desks.
As long as the agents were solving their cases, bureau officials were reluctant to force any change, Hooton said. More recently, events combined to drive changes, from the post-Sept. 11 need to collaborate with other law enforcement agencies to the last-minute discovery of documents related to the Timothy McVeigh case, which delayed execution of the convicted Oklahoma City bomber for several weeks.
Records management is getting strong support from director Robert S. Mueller III, Hooton said.
The Records Management Division has brought in 1,000 staff members from other divisions and has become the largest division at Washington headquarters. Hooton said Mueller also has authorized five new positions at the Senior Executive Service level.


The short/good news about to spill from CES 2018 is for Format-First Audiophile owners of Sonore streamers.
In collaboration with Small Green Computer, a forthcoming firmware to the Signature Rendu SE, ultraRendu and microRendu will add MQA 'core decode' functionality to their Roon, MPD/DLNA and Squeezelite output modes1. Support for NAA output mode remains in development.
Upgraded to v2.6, the Sonicorbiter operating system will execute the first unfold on the device before sending the hi-res datastream downstream to any DAC, MQA compatible or not. A pass-through mode will present for fully MQA-compatible DACs that handle all unfolds and MQA's bespoke-fit minimum phase digital filtering.
Hold your horses though! The update isn't available just yet. I'm told that Sonore/MQA are aiming to ship the new code in a two weeks. Maybe three.
1. MQA core decoding cannot be applied to the Spotify or AirPlay output mode. The former don't yet offer MQA-encoded streams and the latter isn't bit-perfect.
UPDATE June 2018: Sonore and Small Green Computer have reportedly shelved all plans to add MQA support to their streamers.
1. HDTracks was supposed to offer MQA streaming and now they are not.
3. A+ already has MQA decoding.
4. No way to use Tidal Masters directly.


Everyone's searching for the secrets to financial success, but what about the best ways to lose money . . . fast?! In How To Really Ruin Your Financial Life and Portfolio, bestselling author, economist, financial commentator, and media personality Ben Stein explains exactly what to do . . . to go bust! The ultimate "how-NOT-to" guide, the book gives readers invaluable tips that should be avoided at all costs. Written in Stein's own inimitable style, this hilarious guide provides essential financial advice on what not to do when it comes to managing money.
From reading and acting upon investing newsletters to trading on a margin, from investing in bonds to breathlessly following CNBC, and from buying stock in firms you do not understand to believing in your own genius at stock picking to keeping as little cash on hand as possible, Stein presents the rules that every would-be investor needs to know, so they can do the exact opposite and actually make money. Fully revised and updated, this new edition presents all-new missteps that can destroy any portfolio.
A laugh-out-loud approach to personal finance, How To Really Ruin Your Financial Life and Portfolio is an accessible guide to money from the funniest man in finance.
Ben Stein is a respected economist known to many as a movie and television personality, but he has worked in personal and corporate finance more than anywhere else. He has written about finance for Barron's, the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, and Fortune, was one of the chief busters of the junk-bond frauds of the 1980s, has been a longtime critic of corporate executives' self-dealing, and has co-written numerous finance books. Stein travels the country speaking about finance in both serious and humorous ways, and is a regular contributor to CBS's Sunday Morning, CNN, and Fox News. He was the winner of the 2009 Malcolm Forbes Award for Excellence in Financial Journalism.


text:
Oldcastle, Cemex top sand & gravel producer ranks
July 12, 2011 Concrete News
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.
Using 2009 statistics, USGS has produced its yearly Top 100 list of sand and gravel producers in the nation. Unlike the top crushed stone rankings released earlier this year with no change in the top 13 companies from the previous year, the sand and gravel list has a new number one: Atlanta-based Oldcastle Materials, which moved ahead of Houston's Cemex. At the number three spot, Birmingham, Ala.-based Vulcan Materials Co. switched places from the previous year with Lehigh Hanson, Inc., Irving, Texas.
Rounding out the top five is Bismark, N.D.-based MDU Resources Group, which swapped previous year slots with number six producer Holcim Group/Aggregate, Rockville, Md. While many of the names in the top 15 positions stayed the same, their ranking within that grouping changed, with only one company retaining its spot from the year before.
Rock Products published an enhancement of the list in its July issue, which included contact information for each major producer. USGS obtains its data from production and sales reports provided by the sand and gravel operations. When an operation does not report any data to the USGS, their total production is estimated by using employment data provided by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). For a complete listing of the top sand and gravel producers, visit the Rock Products website.
Veteran labor attorney probes pro-union NLRB, Labor Dept. maneuvers in free webinar
ACI Foundation seeks fellowship, scholarship applicants


text:
EuroStarz News
Relive the moment
ESC Bubble
James Newman: "I Was Working In A Restaurant When I Had A Number 1 Hit".
Our editor Matt spoke to the singer who was chosen to represent the UK this year, James Newman.
How did James first get into music?
As a child, Newman became interested in music, and wrote and produced songs with his younger brother John.
In 2012 James featured on Rudimental's Feel the love which went straight to Number 1 in the UK:
The following year in 2013, James then co-wrote Rudimental and Ella Eyre's hit "Waiting All Night" which just like Feel the love also went to Number 1.
Newman won the "Brit Award for British Single of the Year" during the 2014 Brit Awards for co-writing Waiting All Night with Jonny Harris.
Later James co-wrote with his brother John and with Calvin Harris in the latter's song Blame featuring vocals by John.
The song, topped the UK singles chart again, in addition to peaking in The Netherlands, Sweden, Finland and Mexico. It reached number 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the US Billboard Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart.
Newman was also a co-composer of a number of songs including Let 'Em Talk on Kesha's 2017 album Rainbow.
James was a featured vocalist on several songs including the 2018 hit Therapy by Dutch DJ Armin van Buuren. The song charted in the Netherlands, Belgium and on the US Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart.
In the same year James was also featured on the songLights Go Down, a song by the Norwegian music producer and DJ Matoma in his album One in a Million.
In 2019, James was featured on the Armin van Buuren song High on Your Love which you can see below:
Then in February this year, the BBC announced that James would represent the UK in this year's Eurovision with the song My Last Breath which James co-wrote with Adam Argyle, Ed Drewett and Iain James.
James talks in the interview about the brief that he was given by the BBC and record company BMG. You can see the music video and our interview with James below:
Below are the songs that James mentioned as some of his favourite songs. Weve also put a video created by Amir Cohen, showing how he visualised how the UK staging could look, with an image underneath showing how it actually would've looked.
Spotlight on Stefania - Greece 2020/21
Spotlight on Samanta Tina - Latvia 2020/21
Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga!
© EuroStarz Concert 2020


text:
#pragma once

/**  Program transformation to replace indirect calls with direct calls **/

#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InstVisitor.h"

#include <map> // for multimap
#include <memory>

namespace llvm {
class Module;
class Function;
class CallSite;
class PointerType;
class CallGraph;
} // namespace llvm

namespace clam {

// #define USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS

namespace devirt_impl {
using AliasSetId = const llvm::PointerType *;

/// returns an id of an alias set to which this function belongs
/// requires that CS is an indirect call through a function pointer
AliasSetId typeAliasId(const llvm::Function &F);

/// returns an id of an alias set of the called value
AliasSetId typeAliasId(llvm::CallSite &CS);
} // end namespace devirt_impl

enum CallSiteResolverKind {
  RESOLVER_TYPES,
  RESOLVER_SEA_DSA
};

struct DevirtStats {
  // number of indirect calls
  unsigned m_num_indirect_calls;
  // number of calls resolved
  unsigned m_num_resolved_calls;
  // number of calls unresolved by Dsa
  unsigned m_num_unresolved;

  DevirtStats()
    : m_num_indirect_calls(0), m_num_resolved_calls(0),
      m_num_unresolved(0) {}

  void dump() const;
};

/*
 * Generic class API for resolving indirect calls
 */
class CallSiteResolver {
protected:
  CallSiteResolverKind m_kind;
  DevirtStats &m_stats;

  CallSiteResolver(CallSiteResolverKind kind, DevirtStats &stats)
      : m_kind(kind), m_stats(stats) {}

public:
  using AliasSetId = devirt_impl::AliasSetId;
  using AliasSet = llvm::SmallVector<const llvm::Function *, 16>;

  virtual ~CallSiteResolver() {}

  CallSiteResolverKind get_kind() const { return m_kind; }

  /* return all possible targets for CS */
  virtual const AliasSet *getTargets(llvm::CallSite &CS) = 0;

#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  /* for reusing bounce functions */
  virtual llvm::Function *getBounceFunction(llvm::CallSite &CS) = 0;
  virtual void cacheBounceFunction(llvm::CallSite &CS,
                                   llvm::Function *bounce) = 0;
#endif
};

/*
 * Resolve an indirect call by selecting all functions defined in the
 * same module whose type signature matches with the callsite.
 */
class CallSiteResolverByTypes : public CallSiteResolver {
public:
  using AliasSetId = CallSiteResolver::AliasSetId;
  using AliasSet = CallSiteResolver::AliasSet;

  CallSiteResolverByTypes(llvm::Module &M, DevirtStats &stats);

  virtual ~CallSiteResolverByTypes();

  const AliasSet *getTargets(llvm::CallSite &CS);

#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  llvm::Function *getBounceFunction(llvm::CallSite &CS);
  void cacheBounceFunction(llvm::CallSite &CS, llvm::Function *bounce);
#endif

private:
  /* invariant: the value in TargetsMap's entries is sorted */
  using TargetsMap = llvm::DenseMap<AliasSetId, AliasSet>;
#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  using BounceMap = llvm::DenseMap<AliasSetId, llvm::Function *>;
#endif

  // -- the module
  llvm::Module &m_M;
  // -- map from alias-id to the corresponding targets
  TargetsMap m_targets_map;
#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  // -- map alias set id to an existing bounce function
  BounceMap m_bounce_map;
#endif

  void populateTypeAliasSets(void);
};

/*
 * Resolve indirect call by using DSA pointer analysis.
 */
template <typename Dsa>
class CallSiteResolverByDsa final : public CallSiteResolverByTypes {
  /*
    Assume that Dsa provides these methods:
    - bool isComplete(CallSite&)
    - iterator begin(CallSite&)
    - iterator end(CallSite&)
    where each element of iterator is of type Function*
  */

public:
  using AliasSetId = CallSiteResolverByTypes::AliasSetId;
  using AliasSet = CallSiteResolverByTypes::AliasSet;

  CallSiteResolverByDsa(llvm::Module &M, Dsa &dsa, bool incomplete,
                        unsigned max_num_targets, DevirtStats &stats);

  ~CallSiteResolverByDsa();

  const AliasSet *getTargets(llvm::CallSite &CS);

#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  llvm::Function *getBounceFunction(llvm::CallSite &CS);
  void cacheBounceFunction(llvm::CallSite &CS, llvm::Function *bounceFunction);
#endif

private:
  /* invariant: the value in TargetsMap's entries is sorted */
  using TargetsMap = llvm::DenseMap<llvm::Instruction *, AliasSet>;
#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  using BounceMap =
      std::multimap<AliasSetId, std::pair<const AliasSet *, llvm::Function *>>;
#endif
  // -- the module
  llvm::Module &m_M;
  // -- the pointer analysis to resolve function pointers
  Dsa &m_dsa;
  // -- Resolve incomplete nodes (unsound, in general)
  bool m_allow_incomplete;
  // -- Maximum number of targets (used to avoid having too large
  // -- bounce functions). if equal to 0 then unlimited.
  unsigned m_max_num_targets;
  // -- map from callsite to the corresponding alias set
  TargetsMap m_targets_map;
#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  // -- map from alias set id + dsa targets to an existing bounce function
  BounceMap m_bounce_map;
#endif
};

//
// Class: DevirtualizeFunctions
//
//  This transform pass will look for indirect function calls and
//  transform them into a switch statement that selects one of
//  several direct function calls to execute. This transformation
//  pass is parametric on the method used to resolve the call.
//
class DevirtualizeFunctions : public llvm::InstVisitor<DevirtualizeFunctions> {

private:
  using AliasSet = CallSiteResolver::AliasSet;
  using AliasSetId = devirt_impl::AliasSetId;

  // Call graph of the program
  // llvm::CallGraph *m_cg;
  // allow creating of indirect calls during devirtualization
  // (required for soundness)
  bool m_allowIndirectCalls;
  // Worklist of call sites to transform
  llvm::SmallVector<llvm::Instruction *, 32> m_worklist;
  // For stats
  DevirtStats m_stats;

  /// turn the indirect call-site into a direct one
  void mkDirectCall(llvm::CallSite CS, CallSiteResolver *CSR);

#ifdef USE_BOUNCE_FUNCTIONS
  /// create a bounce function that calls functions directly
  llvm::Function *mkBounceFn(llvm::CallSite &CS, CallSiteResolver *CSR);
#endif

public:
  DevirtualizeFunctions(llvm::CallGraph *cg, bool allowIndirectCalls);

  ~DevirtualizeFunctions();

  DevirtStats &getStats() { return m_stats; }

  const DevirtStats &getStats() const { return m_stats; }

  // Resolve all indirect calls in the Module using a particular
  // callsite resolver.
  bool resolveCallSites(llvm::Module &M, CallSiteResolver *CSR);
  // -- VISITOR IMPLEMENTATION --

  void visitCallSite(llvm::CallSite CS);
  void visitCallInst(llvm::CallInst &CI);
  void visitInvokeInst(llvm::InvokeInst &II);
};
} // end namespace clam


text:
\section{Introduction}

This article focuses on the temporal correlations of optical intensity $I(t)$, conventionally described by the~second-order coherence function
\begin{equation}\label{eq:g2def}
g^{(2)}(\tau) \coloneqq \frac{\langle I(t) I(t+\tau) \rangle}{\langle I(t) \rangle^2}
\end{equation}
which we refer to as intensity autocorrelation. In the~quantum realm, it is defined by the~means of normally ordered photon-number operators \cite{Loudon}
\begin{equation}
g^{(2)}(\tau) \coloneqq \frac{\langle \vcentcolon \mathrel{\hat{n}(t) \hat{n}(t+\tau)} \vcentcolon \rangle}{\langle \hat{n}(t) \rangle^2}.
\end{equation}

This article proposes methods of shaping the~autocorrelation $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ in an~arbitrary way. A~straightforward approach would be modulating a~pulse train coming from a~laser, however pulsed signals have periodic autocorrelation. Our goal is to emulate fluctuating signals exhibiting $g^{(2)}(0) > 1$ that approaches unity in the~limit of $\tau \to \infty$. Any significant deviation from unity is therefore local.

The~modulation of optical intensity in time can be used to generate pseudothermal light. A~common technique is collecting speckles from light diffused by a~rotating ground glass plate \cite{Martienssen2005Jul}. Chaotic light can be also generated by amplified spontaneous emission \cite{Boitier2009Apr} or direct laser modulation \cite{Nazarathy1989Jan}. The~resulting photon bunching of $g^{(2)}(0) \geq 2$ can be exploited in classical ghost imaging~\cite{Bennink2002Aug,Gatti2004Aug,Zhou2017May}, two-photon-excited fluorescence \cite{Jechow2013Dec}, optical time-domain reflectometry \cite{Wang2008Jul}, and laser ranging \cite{Lin2004Dec}.

Shaping the~autocorrelation---and thus the~spec\-trum---of a~signal is a~problem that has been addressed in other fields of signal processing and simulation using various methods \cite{Kim2010,Mueller2012}. A~prominent case is transforming an~electronic Gaussian noise by a~linear filter and a~nonlinear function to obtain a~given spectrum and marginal distribution \cite{Liu1982}. An~alternate solution was proposed in terms of reshuffling of signal samples \cite{Hunter1983Jun}.

In the~first part of this article, we present a~method of shaping the~autocorrelation that exploits stochastic pulse superposition. The~spectral properties of such random pulses have been studied in communication theory \cite{Leneman1967Sep}; we make use of these properties from the~perspective of signal generation.

In the~second part, we utilize another method of stochastic modulation---random switching of intensity levels that was proposed in Ref.~\cite{Pandey2014Jun}---to shape both temporal correlations and photon statistics. We combine this approach with the~photon-statistics-generation algorithm proposed in Ref.~\cite{Straka2018Apr}. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate the~generation of arbitrarily specified $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ and photon-number distribution. We also analyze the~properties and limitations of the~method.

\section{Arbitrary autocorrelation}
\label{sec:arbitrary_autocorrelation}

\subsection{Method}

The~basic premise is that the~intensity signal $I(t)$ consists of a~random Poissonian sequence of non-negative integrable hill functions $h(t)$. Mathematically, the~signal is expressed as a~sum
\begin{equation}
I(t) = \sum_i h(t - t_i).
\end{equation}
The~sequence of positions in time $\{t_i\}$ follows a~homogeneous Poisson point process with a~mean rate $\lambda$. This means that every delay $\Delta t_i = t_{i+1}-t_i$ is a~realization of a~random variable with a~probability density
\begin{equation}
p(\Delta t) = \lambda\exp(-\lambda \Delta t).
\end{equation}
The~hill function is chosen so that it has a~specific cross-correlation $C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau)$, while its $L^1$ norm $\|h\|$ may be arbitrary. The~terms are defined as
\begin{align}\label{eq.hnormdef}
\|h\| &\coloneqq \int_{-\infty}^\infty h(t) \mathrm{d}t,	\\\label{eq.Cdef}
C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau) &\coloneqq \frac{1}{\|h\|^2}\int_{-\infty}^\infty h(t+\tau) h(t) \mathrm{d}t,
\end{align}
where the~cross-correlation observes $\int_{-\infty}^\infty C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau)\mathrm{d}\tau = 1$. Then, the~intensity autocorrelation of $I(t)$ becomes

\begin{equation}\label{eq:g2}
g^{(2)}(\tau) = 1 + \frac{1}{\lambda}C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau).
\end{equation}
The~proof is given in Appendix \ref{ap:derivation_hills}. The~autocorrelation shape is therefore given solely by the~shape of $h(t)$, the~amplitude of which may be arbitrary. The~$g^{(2)}(0)$ and the~scale of the~whole autocorrelation can be set by the~rate $\lambda$.

Given a~specific $g^{(2)}(\tau)$, one can obtain the~hill function using Fourier transforms $\mathcal{F}$ (see Appendix \ref{ap:hill_inverse}),
\begin{align}
\widehat{C}(\nu) &= \mathcal{F}\left[g^{(2)}(\tau)-1\right], \\
\label{eq:hill_formula}
h(t) &= \mathcal{F}^{-1}\left[ \sign(\nu) \sqrt{\widehat{C}(\nu)} \right].
\end{align}
For any $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ consistent with \eqref{eq:g2def}, the~function $\widehat{C}(\nu)$ is real and non-negative by virtue of the~Wiener-Khinchin theorem. The~sign function in \eqref{eq:hill_formula} is any piecewise function yielding $\pm 1$. The~constraint of this method is that the~ $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ needs to be given so that there exists a~sign function that results in a~non-negative $h(t)$.

\paragraph{Superposition}
A generalization of this approach allows generating a~superposition of multiple shapes by randomly alternating between hill functions. Suppose a~set of hill functions $\{h_n(t)\}$ with respective cross-correlations $C^{(n)}_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau)$ appearing with probabilities $p_n$, but sharing the~same mean frequency $\lambda$. The~calculation of $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ is a~straightforward extension, yielding
\begin{equation} \label{eq:superposition}
g^{(2)}_\text{mul} (\tau) = 1+\frac{1}{\lambda} \frac{\sum_n p_n C^{(n)}_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau)}{\left(\sum_n p_n \|h\|_n\right)^2}.
\end{equation}

\paragraph{Background}
If we consider a~background offset $I_\mathrm{bg}$ so that
$I(t) = \sum_i h(t - t_i) + I_\mathrm{bg}$,
the~mean value of the~signal is $\langle I(t) \rangle = \lambda \|h\| + I_\mathrm{bg}$ and the~signal-to-noise ratio between $\|h\|$ and $I_\mathrm{bg}$ becomes a~factor that scales down the~intensity autocorrelation:
\begin{equation}\label{eq.g2bg}
g^{(2)}_\text{bg}(\tau) = 1 + \frac{C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau)}{\lambda \left( 1+ \frac{I_\mathrm{bg}}{\lambda \|h\|} \right)^2}.
\end{equation}
The~maximum bunching $g^{(2)}(0)$ possible is achieved for $\lambda = I_\mathrm{bg}/\|h\|$.

\paragraph{Non-overlapping hills}
In a~particular experimental realization---such as presented here---it may not be possible to generate a~mathematical superposition of the~hill functions. For example, a~function generator can only produce one pulse at a~time and so the~hills cannot overlap. In such cases, the~hill function is defined on a~finite support $t \in (-t_0/2, t_0/2)$ and the~minimum distance between the~hills' peaks is $t_0$. Consequently, the~cross-correlation $C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau)$ is only nonzero for $\tau \in (-t_0, t_0)$, and the~unity term in \eqref{eq:g2} becomes locally distorted. The~expression changes to (see Appendix \ref{ap:non-overlapping})

\begin{align}\label{eq:non_overlap}
g^{(2)}_\text{n-ol}(\tau) &= \left ( \frac{1}{\lambda} + t_0 \right) C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau) + \left( 1 + \lambda t_0 \right) \\\nonumber
&\qquad \times \sum_{k=0}^{\left\lfloor |\tau|/t_0 \right\rfloor} \int_{t=0}^{|\tau| - k t_0} \Big[ C_{\mathrm{norm}} \left(\tau + t + \left( k+1 \right) t_0 \right) \\\nonumber
&\qquad\qquad + C_{\mathrm{norm}} \left(\tau - t - \left(k+1 \right) t_0 \right) \Big] \lambda^k \frac{t^k}{k!} \mathrm{e}^{-\lambda t} \mathrm{d} t.
\end{align}

\subsection{Results}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{g2_simulations.pdf}
	\caption{Monte-Carlo simulations of signals with various prescribed autocorrelation shapes and values of $g^{(2)}(0)$; the source code is available online \cite{Code}. The~shapes and parameters are listed in Table \ref{tab1}.}
	\label{fig:sim1all}
\end{figure}

\begin{table*}
	\centering
	\begin{ruledtabular}
		\begin{tabular}{lcccc}

			Shape & $C_{\mathrm{norm}}(\tau)$ & $h(t)$ & $g^{(2)}(0)$ & $\lambda$	\\\hline
			Gauss & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\mathrm{e}^{-\tau^2/2}$ & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}\mathrm{e}^{-t^2}$  & 2 & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}$	\\
			Cauchy--Lorentz & $\frac{1}{\pi (1+\tau^2)}$ & $\frac{2}{\pi(1+4t^2)}$ & 3 & $\frac{1}{2\pi}$	\\
			Hyperb.\@ secant & $\frac{1}{2}\sech{\frac{\pi \tau}{2}}$	& $\mathcal{F}^{-1}\left[ \sqrt{\sech(2\pi\nu)}\right] $ & $1.1$ & 5	\\
			\begin{tabular}{l}
				Gauss \\
				+ Lorentz \\
				+ triangle
			\end{tabular}
			&
			\begin{tabular}{l}
				$\frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \mathrm{e}^{-\tau^2/2}$ \\
				$+\frac{1}{3} \frac{1}{\pi (1+\tau^2)}$	\\
				$+\frac{1}{3} \trian(-1,1)$
			\end{tabular}
			&
			\begin{tabular}{l}
				$h_1(t) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}} \mathrm{e}^{-t^2}$ \\
				$h_2(t) = \frac{2}{\pi(1+4t^2)}$	\\
				$h_3(t) = \rect(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2})$
			\end{tabular}
			& 3 &
			$\frac{1}{6}\left( 1 + \frac{1}{\pi} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \right) $
			\\
			Nonmonotone &
			\begin{tabular}{l}
				$\frac{3-|\tau|}{18}\left[ 2+\cos(2\pi \tau) \right]$ \\ $+\frac{1}{12\pi}\sin(2\pi|\tau|)$
				for $|\tau| < 3$
			\end{tabular}
			&
			\begin{tabular}{l}
				$\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\cos(2\pi t)$ \\
				for $0<t<3$
			\end{tabular}
			&  & \\

		\end{tabular}
	\end{ruledtabular}
	\caption{Table of autocorrelation shapes used in Fig.~1. Figure~2 uses the~same shapes and the~nonmonotone shape, which is defined at the~bottom. The~functions $\rect()$ and $\trian()$ are rectangular and triangular functions of unit height and given edges.}
	\label{tab1}
\end{table*}

\begin{figure}
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{setup.pdf}
	\caption{The~measurement scheme with the~data given in Fig.~\ref{fig:data}.}
	\label{fig:setup}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{g2_data.pdf}
	\caption{The~autocorrelation functions measured with the~HBT configuration. The~good match between the~prescribed orange curves and the~data was achieved by generating the~voltage pulses of the~appropriate shape, by tuning the~Poissonian trigger rate $\lambda$, and by setting the~EOM bias voltage as precisely as possible. All data and code are available online \cite{Code}.}
	\label{fig:data}
\end{figure}

The~method of stochastic signal generation is simulated in Fig.~\ref{fig:sim1all}. For illustrative purposes, the~signals are shown for both high and low intensities $\lambda$, respectively corresponding to low and high values of $g^{(2)}(0)$. A~mixture of three shapes corresponding to \eqref{eq:superposition} is given in the~last row.

Experimental evidence was obtained using the~measurement setup depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:setup}.
The~source was a~single-mode-fiber-coupled (SMF) continuous-wave laser diode at 814 nm. The~optical signal was coupled into a~polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) using a~manual polarization controller and a~polarizing beam splitter (PBS). The~intensity of the~signal was modulated by an~integrated electro-optical Mach-Zehnder modulator (EOM; EOSpace). The~modulator was driven by an~arbitrary signal generator (Tektronix) programed to emit a~voltage pulse upon each triggering event, which was fed into the~fast radio-frequency input of the~EOM, having the~shape
\begin{equation}
V(t) = \frac{V_\pi}{\pi}\arccos \left[ 1-2h(t)\right],
\end{equation}
where the~hill is scaled so that $h(t) \in [0,1]$, and $V_\pi$ is the~EOM half-wave voltage. The~induced transmission modulation is equal to $h(t)$ due to the~cosine response of the~EOM. We assume that the~constant bias voltage of the~EOM is set precisely to the~zero-level transmission.
The~triggering came from a~single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) illuminated by a~constant intensity that was set to a~mean count rate $\lambda$. This served as the~source of Poissonian events. The~output was split between a~\textit{p-i-n} diode and a~single-photon Hanbury-Brown--Twiss (HBT) measurement \cite{Loudon}. The~\textit{p-i-n} served for live monitoring of the~output and the~HBT configuration measured the~$g^{(2)}(\tau)$. For all measurements, the~minimum pulse-to-pulse delay was $t_0 \geq 3$~\textmu{}s. It means that the~triggering SPAD dead time of 29~ns could be safely neglected. The~data from the~SPADs were acquired by a~81-ps time-tagging unit (qutools), the~coincidence window for the~HBT autocorrelation measurement was 10~ns, and the~measurement time was 100~s for each set.

The~results of the~HBT measurement are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:data}. The~Gaussian autocorrelation was set to the~highest possible amplitude achievable for the~Gaussian, $g^{(2)}(0) = 214$, which corresponds to a~modulation dynamic range 30.8~dB; the~others were set to round values 50, 100, and 150. The~modulation scheme corresponds to the~non-overlapping scenario with the~expected autocorrelation given by \eqref{eq:non_overlap}, where the~effect of non-unity background is small compared to the~overall amplitude \cite{Code}.

The~limiting factor for autocorrelation speed is the~225-MHz bandwidth of the~arbitrary signal generator. The~limiting factor for the~amplitude is the~dynamic range of the~modulation. It is reduced by thermally induced phase drifts in the~EOM, by the~polarization extinction ratio, by the~EOM interferometric visibility, and by the~detectors' dark count rate. Consequently, the~dynamic range determines the~maximum bunching $g^{(2)}(0)$ achievable for each autocorrelation shape (Gaussian, Lorentz, etc.), as given by the~optimal rate $\lambda = I_\mathrm{bg}/\|h\|$ in \eqref{eq.g2bg}. For a more detailed discussion of the shapes and maximum bunching, see Appendix~\ref{ap:derivation_hills}.

\section{Photon statistics and autocorrelation}
\label{sec:g2_and_stat}

There is a~possibility of tailoring both temporal autocorrelation and photon (intensity) statistics simultaneously and independently. The~technique relies on random switching between intensity levels. This approach was proposed by Pandey \emph{et al}.~\cite{Pandey2014Jun} who demonstrated the~generation of gamma-distributed intensity and exponential autocorrelation shapes. In order to reach arbitrary classical photon statistics, we employ an~inversion algorithm proposed in our earlier work \cite{Straka2018Apr}. We present an~analysis of the~limitations and possibilities of the~resulting approach and we perform numerical simulations \cite{Code}.

The~optical signal consists of a~sequence of intensity levels $\{I_i\}$, each being held for a~respective time period $\{\Delta t_i\}$. Each $I_i$ and $\Delta t_i$ is an~independent realization of the~corresponding random variable, following the~probability density functions $p(I)$ and $p(\Delta t)$.

The~autocorrelation is then given as \cite{Pandey2014Jun} (see Appendix~\ref{ap:derivation_levels})
\begin{align}
g^{(2)}(\tau) &= 1 + \frac{g^{(2)}(0) - 1}{\langle \Delta t \rangle}\int_\tau^\infty p(\Delta t)(\Delta t - \tau) \mathrm{d}\Delta t,\\\label{eq:g20}
g^{(2)}(0) &= \frac{\langle I^2 \rangle}{\langle I \rangle^2}.
\end{align}
The~averaging terms $\langle \cdot \rangle$ are always taken over the~corresponding distributions---$p(I)$ or $p(\Delta t)$. The~bunching factor (\ref{eq:g20}) is solely given by intensity statistics---as it needs to be---while the~temporal shape is given by $p(\Delta t)$. To establish the~set of possible $g^{(2)}$ shapes, let us look at the~derivatives
\begin{align}\label{eq:g2_derivative1}
\frac{\mathrm{d}g^{(2)}(\tau)}{\mathrm{d}\tau} &= -\frac{g^{(2)}(0)-1}{\langle \Delta t \rangle} \int_\tau^\infty p(\Delta t) \mathrm{d}\Delta t \quad\leq 0,	\\
\label{eq:g2_derivative2}
\frac{\mathrm{d}^2 g^{(2)}(\tau)}{\mathrm{d}\tau^2} &= \frac{g^{(2)}(0)-1}{\langle \Delta t \rangle} p(\tau) \quad\geq 0.
\end{align}
The~above inequalities follow from $g^{(2)}(0) > 1$ and the~non-negativity of $p(\Delta t)$. Both inequalities mean that the~class of practicable autocorrelation functions is restricted to monotonically non-increasing convex functions for which $g^{(2)}(0) > 1$ and the~limit $\lim_{\tau \to \infty} g^{(2)}(\tau) = 1$. As is proven in Appendix \ref{ap:existence_levels}, \emph{any} such autocorrelation can be generated by this method.

These conditions are more restrictive than the~hill-superposition approach above, as for example all functions in Figs.~\ref{fig:sim1all} and \ref{fig:data} are nonconvex and therefore inaccessible. However, we gain the~possibility to shape the~photon statistics independently.

Photon statistics is given by the~integrated intensity
\begin{equation}
W(t) \coloneqq \int_t^{t+T} I(t') \mathrm{d}t',
\end{equation}
taken over a~time interval $T$ \cite{MandelWolf}. Let us consider the~units of $I(t)$ to be the~average number of photons per time, meaning that $W$ is dimensionless. The~number of photons $n$ detected inside a~time interval follows the~probability distribution given by Mandel's formula \cite{MandelWolf}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Mandel}
p(n) = \int_0^\infty p(W) \frac{W^n}{n!}\mathrm{e}^{-W} \mathrm{d}W.
\end{equation}
In order to have control over the~photon statistics, the~distribution $p(W)$ needs to follow $p(I)$, ideally when $W(t)=T \times I(t)$, implying $p(W) = p(I)/T$. This can be achieved either in the~limit of a~short time window $T \to 0$, or if the~intensity switching is synchronized with the~time windows. The~latter implies that the~window length $T$ becomes an~elementary time unit of the~modulation, and the~autocorrelation is restricted to a~piecewise linear function with the~resolution $T$. This case corresponds to our discrete numerical simulations.

Following the~approach presented in Ref.~\cite{Straka2018Apr}, we take a~finite set $\{W_k\}$ and construct a~matrix $A_{nk} = \exp(-W_k) W_k^n/n!$. Each $W_k$ has a~corresponding probability $P_k$. The~Mandel formula (\ref{eq:Mandel}) then becomes
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Mandel_discrete}
p(n) = \sum_k A_{nk}P_k,
\end{equation}
where the~vector $P_k$ needs to be solved for a~given photon statistics $p(n)$. Suitable sampling and non-negative least squares were shown to work for classical photon statistics \cite{Straka2018Apr,Code}. The~solution for $p(I)$ is discrete: $\Pr[I = W_k/T] = P_k$.

Let us now explicitly outline the~problem inversion and generation of the~random samples of $I$ and $\Delta t$. We are given the~target $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ and $p(n)$. If $p(n)$ is a~classical photon statistics, then by definition it is achievable by sampling a~certain $p(W)$. If the~technical limitations of the~experiment only allow discrete intensities $\{W_k\}$, we perform a~non-negative least-squares inversion of \eqref{eq:Mandel_discrete} to obtain $P_k$. In each modulation step, we can randomly choose the~intensity $I_k=W_k/T$ using a~uniformly distributed random floating-point number $r \in [0,1)$ by finding the~smallest $k$ such that $\sum_{i \leq k} P_i > r$ \cite{Code}. This way, $I_k$ follows the~distribution $P_k$.

To shape the~autocorrelation, we establish a~survival function using the~first derivative $g'(\tau) \coloneqq \mathrm{d}g^{(2)}(\tau)/\mathrm{d}\tau$,
\begin{align}
S(\tau) = \frac{g'(\tau)}{g'(0)}.
\end{align}
In each step, we obtain the~hold-off time $\Delta t$ from a~uniformly distributed number $r' \in (0,1]$ using the~inverse function that always exists,
\begin{equation}
\Delta t \leftarrow S^{-1}(r').
\end{equation}
Consequently, $\Delta t$ follows the~probability density $p(\Delta t)$. The~proof of existence and derivations are given in Appendix \ref{ap:existence_levels}.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{g2_stat_simulations.pdf}
\caption{Numerical simulations of signals having prescribed autocorrelations and photon statistics. Signal excerpts are shown in the~top row; autocorrelations in the~middle row; photon statistics per window $T=0.05$ are shown at the~bottom. The code is available online \cite{Code}.}
\label{fig:g2_stat_simulations}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{rcc}
& $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ & $p_n$ \\\hline
Simulation 1 & $1 + \mathrm{e}^{-|\tau|}$ & $0.5^{n+1}$	\\
Simulation 2 & $1+0.287\frac{1}{2|\tau|+1}$ & $p_{0,1,\dots,5} = 0.1$ \\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\caption{Table of autocorrelation shapes and photon-number distributions used in Fig.~4.}
\label{tab2}
\end{table}

Figure~\ref{fig:g2_stat_simulations} shows two numerically simulated signals that follow certain prescribed autocorrelations and photon statistics. Both signals observe their corresponding $p(\Delta t)$, but have different approaches to $p(I)$. Signal~1 takes samples from a~continuous exponential distribution, whereas signal~2 follows a~discrete solution of \eqref{eq:Mandel_discrete} for a~partially uniform photon statistics $p(n) = 0.1$ $\forall n \leq 5$. The~corresponding prescriptions are given in Table~\ref{tab2}.

\section{Conclusion}

We demonstrated two methods of shaping the~autocorrelation of optical intensity. The~first allows for more arbitrary shapes; the~second is limited to nonincreasing convex functions, but allows tailoring the~intensity and photon statistics as well.

Primarily, we consider our contribution to address a~fundamental problem in optical signal generation. However, possible practical uses involve exciting or probing systems sensitive to photon correlations \cite{Kazimierczuk2015Jul,Spasibko2017Nov}. The~modulation techniques may also serve to simulate optical fading channels and atmospheric scintillation \cite{Vasylyev2016Aug}, especially if certain power spectra are required \cite{Dravins1997,Toyoshima2011Aug,Shen2014}. Atmospheric turbulence has a~critical impact on both satellite-based \cite{Liao2018Jan,Yin2020Jun} and ground-to-ground \cite{Usenko2012Sep,Gong2018Jul,Ruppert2019Dec,Cao2020Dec} quantum communications. Especially, single-mode coupling of atmospheric channels results in significant transmission and phase fluctuations. The~proposed methods allow simulation of the~channel transmission. The~specific properties that can be reproduced are the~fading distribution and temporal correlations.

\begin{acknowledgments}
This research has been supported by QuantERA ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies, EU Horizon 2020, and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the~Czech Republic (Project HYPER-U-P-S, No.~8C18002). M.~J. also acknowledges the~support of the~Czech Science Foundation (Grant No.~19-19189S).
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


December 7, 2018 at 12:09a.m.
Warren Harding boys basketball coach Gabe Bubon has an understanding with the Raiders. If they give him what he's looking for on the defensive end, he won't wave the red flag on the offensive end.
Senior guard Dom McGhee reaped the benefits of a green flag waving freely as he guided Harding to Thursday's 83-66 victory over Garfield Heights.
The rematch of last season's Division I district championship game was played in front of a raucous crowd.
The Raiders (2-1) were 12 of 31 (38.7 percent) from beyond the arc in outracing the Bulldogs (2-2).
"You know what, the offense is what it is," Bubon said. "I love our defense right now. In the brush game, we had the wrong expectations. We just weren't ready for that moment.
McGhee knocked down six triples, D'Muntize Owens had three, DeAveion Burgess hit two and Aston Bates added another.
"Coach Bubon gave us the freedom to play our game," McGhee said. "We were trying to be loose.
Garfield Heights struggled from the field and it wasn't helped by the Harding defense.
The Bulldogs were just 22 of 67 (32.8 percent) from the field, 9 of 34 (26.5 percent) from beyond the arc.
"I just love the defense," Bubon said. "They're buying in on the defensive end. That's the only way I'll let them shoot the ball. They don't have many options. They're buying in and that's all a coach wants. Getting a signature win that early.
McGhee finished with 32 points, two rebounds and three assists.
Those teammates took their opportunities, as well. Owens scored 18 points, had 10 rebounds and three assists, Burgess had 14 points and nine boards and Bates had 11 points and 14 rebounds.
Meechie Johnson led the Bulldogs with 35 points and Sonny Johnson added 18 more.
January 9, 2019 12:10 a.m.
February 2, 2019 12:09 a.m.
March 10, 2016 12:10 a.m.
November 3, 2018 12:08 a.m.
March 13, 2011 12:08 a.m.


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text:
Rubbermaid lease to bring jobs to SoCal
Build-to-suit facility's construction to begin soon
Atlanta-based Newell Rubbermaid has secured a 10-year, 407,612-square-foot lease for bulk distribution space at a logistics center in Victorville, Calif.
The value of the transaction was approximately $15 million.
The build-to-suit bulk distribution facility for Newell Rubbermaid, a global marketer of consumer and commercial products, is the first of several warehouse and distribution buildings to be developed during Phase I construction at the logistics center, Southern California Logistics Airport. Phase I development is being supported through a $350 million investment from Stirling Capital Investments, the property owner. Construction of the Newell Rubbermaid distribution building is expected to commence in the first quarter, and the company anticipates moving into its new facility in September 2007, creating approximately 150 new jobs.
Newell Rubbermaid will operate the company's Graco unit, which manufactures infant and juvenile products, from its facility at SCLA.
"With land running out in Los Angeles, SCLA is strategically positioned to serve companies' diverse logistical needs by offering air, ground and rail connections and the ability to move business into national and international markets," said Dougall Agan, principal with Stirling and master developer of SCLA, in a press statement.


text:
Home > children's rights > Proskauer Pro Bono Client Judith Clark Granted Parole
Proskauer Pro Bono Client Judith Clark Granted Parole
By Michael A. Cardozo on May 2, 2019 Posted in Criminal Justice Reform, Prisoners' Rights, Pro Bono
A Proskauer team recently succeeded in obtaining parole on behalf of 69-year-old pro bono client Judith Clark, who has been in prison for nearly 38 years. This case may play an important role in effecting much needed parole reform in New York. Personally, it has been among the most satisfying cases on which I have ever worked.
Judith was the getaway driver for the infamous 1981 Brinks robbery that resulted in the killings of two police officers and a Brinks guard, and was sentenced to 75 years to life in prison. Judith's transformation from radical revolutionary to a completely rehabilitated person began in the mid-1980s. Since then, she has devoted herself to helping others. Her efforts included starting an AIDS counseling program for prisoners that was copied nationwide, building a prison college program (and earning two degrees), helping to run her prison's infant care center for incarcerated mothers, training more than a dozen dogs to help wounded veterans and law enforcement, and individually mentoring and counseling hundreds of women to help them turn their lives around. After personally interviewing Judith in 2016, Governor Cuomo granted her clemency, thereby making her eligible for parole.
The Proskauer team became involved in Judith's case in 2017 after her first parole application was denied. We challenged that denial in a successful lawsuit, convincing a New York Supreme Court judge that the Parole Board's actions were arbitrary and capricious. Rather than ordering a new hearing, the Appellate Division directed the holding of a new intermediate administrative appeal after Judith had been provided documents which the Parole Board had wrongfully withheld from her. By the time that process had been completed, Judith was entitled under the law to her next parole hearing which was held in early April.
In advance of that hearing, and working with a coalition of supporters, we submitted an advocacy letter together to the Parole Board with over 2,000 supporting letters, including submissions from former New York DA Robert Morgenthau, former Chief Judge Jonathan Lippman, 13 former presidents of the New York City Bar, four former parole commissioners, 150 members of the clergy, over 70 New York elected officials, and hundreds of others who have known and been impacted by Judith. In its 2-1 decision granting parole, the Parole Board found "ample evidence of rehabilitation, remorse and transformation" warranting Judith's release. The majority concluded "that your release would [not] so deprecate your offense as to undermine respect for the law." The dissenting commissioner emphasized the "aggravating factors against [her] release" and found "most compelling the impact on the families and loved ones" of the murder victims.
As a result of this case and others, numerous members of the State Legislature are presently considering potential parole reforms. What purpose, reformers argue, is served by keeping someone in prison, particularly an elderly prisoner (of whom there are more than 10,000 over age 50 in New York), for an extended period of time – at a cost to tax payers of nearly $70,000 a year – who are indisputably fully rehabilitated and pose no threat to society?
The satisfaction realized from this case – resulting in a woman who last saw her infant daughter outside of prison 38 years ago – reminded me again of the rewards and incredible importance of pro bono work, and its impact on individuals and society.
The Proskauer team also included associates Seth Fiur, Om Alladi, David Heck, Peter Fishkind, and Ariella Muller, paralegals Marjorie Petraro and Jesse Feldstein and project assistant Alex Volpicello.
Tags: advocacy, Appellate Division, clemency, elderly, law enforcement, lawsuit, life in prison, New York City Bar, New York Supreme Court, parole, Parole Board, parole reform, prison, Pro Bono, Pro Bono Legal Services, rehabilitation, remorse, State Legislature


text:
When The Past Was Around
by buriedtreasure 23 September, 2020 23 September, 2020
PC, Mac
Yes, OK, it's another game about grief. But bear with me on this one – as much as I'm sick and tired of the theme, and despite its absolutely awful name, When The Past Was Around is a touching and extremely beautiful little thing.
Hand-drawn animation is always a gimme for gaining that personal touch for a personal tale, and it's absolutely lovely here. Despite being an Indonesian game, it takes a Japanese approach to the art (I think I would far rather have seen something Indonesian, given the country's wealth of artistic heritage, and the ubiquity of Manga-likes), in its story of a young girl grieving a late lover.
Along the way it depicts falling in love, being in love, and losing love, not in a linear order, but extremely smartly put together so I never felt lost in its jumps through time. More confusing, certainly, was the depiction of the woman's partner as a human body with an owl's head. (I tried to be all clever here and find an example in classic literature, but the closest I got was the Kinnara, which is a human head on a bird body, but at least can be found in Indonesia. I am all about finding out things about Indonesia today.)
Both are musicians, and their tale has the continuous thread of a particular melody, played by her music box, his violin on their first meeting, and then used as a means of entering allegorical depictions of her grief. It's very effective, and I found myself humming the refrain long after I'd finished the game. And fortunately, if you're as unmusical as me, you don't need to worry about being required to replicate it on an instrument based on the notes alone.
That's not to say it doesn't use a fair few hoary old puzzles that really ought to be banned from gaming forever. But more often it's a game about solving little point-and-click puzzles, escape room-style. In fact, the games it reminded me of the most – not least for having a bird-headed man, was the Rusty Lake series. If the Rusty Lake games are from the evil moustachioed version of a universe, then When The Past Was Around is from the original good realm. That Rusty Lake gets a thank you in the credits seems noteworthy.
It's also interesting that while it's occasionally mawkish, with outstretched arms and glowing feathers, it's also impressively destructive too. Sometimes clicking on items in a room will tidy and sort. But other times it will throw books off shelves, smash plants, or just petulantly knock things over. It feels angry, which is an emotional grossly lacking in most games on this theme.
While so much is metaphorical, it's always clear what emotions it's communicating, rather than disappearing too far up its own bottom. I had some real concerns about the ending, but make sure you wait until the end of the credits – it was quite a relief.
There's a really smart use of melody here, in amongst some really beautiful drawings. It's not quite Gris, but hey, at least it's not Gris. There's a real feeling of visual poetry here, made all the better by the complete lack of dialogue. It's pretty short, coming in around one to two hours, which is just about perfect for the tone.
Mojiken / Toge Productions
£6/€7/$8
Categories: Adventure, puzzle, review, Short, Story DrivenTags: Adventure, Mojiken, PC, review, short, Toge Productions, When The Past Was Around
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4 October, 2020 at 7:42 pm
I get your sentiments and I do like this art style, I just found I couldn't relate to any of it. I understand grief and loss, but I'm a bit aromantic so its hard to understand that side. Ending felt a little dream like and sappy, even the fade away
Lijaira says:
Thank you so much for recommending this game, I don't know if I would have stumbled upon it otherwise. I just wrote my review on Steam and my boyfriend asked "Are you going to write that you cried for two hours?" (I didn't write that but it's true.)
And there are so many lovely little details here, which is so very different from the vast emptiness of Gris – I found myself comparing those games, too. I will now buy this game for my friend's birthday, who loves little birds, music and the Japanese artstyle, so it's perfect for her.


text:
Is Settlement Date the time to Judge Trades?
by Thomas Mullooly | Mar 4, 2018 | Investor Behavior
Is "settlement date" the right time to determine whether you've made the right move in your portfolio? After all, one of Wall Street's oldest sayings is the "best trades are profitable right from the start."
But is two days after the trade (settlement date) the right time to determine that? Maybe we should wait a while beyond settlement date to decide whether a move works out. We write about investor behavior topics often. For today, let's get away from the corner of Broad and Wall Streets to take a look at this concept:
It's been a month since the Super Bowl, where the Patriots lost to the Eagles. But in the end, the biggest winner might ultimately be the San Francisco 49ers, and Jimmy Garrapolo.
Garrapolo, the back up QB in New England (behind Tom Brady), had an expiring contract with the Patriots. They had to either start playing Garrapolo (not likely with Brady around), or deal him (to get some value) before his contract expired. Near the trade deadline, Jimmy G was shipped off to the struggling San Francisco 49ers.
Now, Garrapolo went on to start (and win) the last five games for the 49ers. A few days after the Super Bowl, Garrapolo is handed the largest contract in NFL history (five years), $137.5 million.
After a coin-flip this week (49ers – Raiders), it's been determined New England gets the 43rd overall pick in the draft in April. With the coin flip, we're essentially at "settlement date." Standing at this time and place, we simply don't know how this trade will work out.
Will Garrapolo be the big winner in this turn of events?
On paper, it seems to be so — today.
However, like so many of the transactions we'll make over time with our investments, how will future events unfold? Who will the Patriots draft with the 43rd overall pick? The player selected may turn out to be a game-changer for the Patriots – possibly for years to come. Perhaps Garrapolo sustains an injury and doesn't play much. It's also possible the 49ers mis-manage their roster and continue to struggle, leaving Garrapolo as the answer to a trivia question – with an albatross of a contract for a struggling organization.
Consider the deal the Giants made to get Eli Manning on draft day 2004. Manning was traded to the NY Giants for Phillip Rivers. After 14 seasons, both players have had solid QB stats through their careers. The main "separator" has been Manning's two Super Bowl rings.
But the Giants gave up more to get Eli. Three draft picks went to San Diego. One pick became kicker (Nate Kaeding) a reliable kicker and a Pro Bowl player. Another pick was traded to acquire Roman Oben, who played a solid tackle for the Chargers. The third pick was used to select Shawne Merriman. Merriman was an outstanding defensive Pro Bowler, scoring double-digit sacks in each of his first three years. Who "won" that trade?
Often times, as an investor, it "feels good" to make a change in your account. To clear away something not performing as well as the overall market, or not currently keeping up with the other "young colts" in the portfolio. While that "good feeling" may last through settlement date, or for a week, or even a year… what has become the end result? Here's some ways to decide:
Did you add more risk to your overall picture?
Did you add more to a sector – right at the top of its' cycle?
Did you "sell low" and "buy high" – just to feel better?
Did you "un-balance" your account by making this change?
Now Go Talk About It!
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