If you haven't already done so, this is an easy build which I can highly recommend. It opens up new possibilities by bringing some of the 4MS RCD's 'hidden' features to the fore.
My original aim was simply to get front-panel access to the up/ down count and gate/ trigger switches, which normally involves unscrewing the module from the rack. I wasn't even going to connect the reset jumpers but I'm glad I did - this has a marked effect, particularly on the odd divisions. Flicking between trigger and gate mode also yields an added bonus when driving logic operations. For example, patch the /8 to Brains' 'direction' input and toggle between gate and trigger to 'activate' and 'hide' the boolean function. In combination with the reset options, this can yield some funky sequences.
The Solovox Solo-Pedal-Unit was built in to Hammond's RT2 & RT3 organs to provide monophonic accompaniment/ lead voices.
The picture and sounds were kindly passed on to me by my colleague, Christian. The recording was made from the direct outs of the unit that was built into his 1952 RT2.
It was the first time I'd heard of the Solovox and its wonderful tones. Sadly, he'd already sold it before I could get a chance to experience this rare, tube-based instrument for myself. Worse still, apparently the new owner is a fan of 'easy listening'.
Here are a few links (1, 2) to the history of the Solovox. I notice one credits Eric Barbour of Metasonix. Now, why doesn't that surprise me?
A look at the Euro-prototype of Fonitronik's unconventional ring modulator.
See this thread at the electro-music forum for the background to this project and Kevin Kissinger's excellent demo.
"Harry Bissell once recommended Irvine's design for a ring mod. I changed the resistors to our common values, and added two VCAs to the inputs, thus giving a voltage controlled ring mod. Makes a lot of fun."
Matthias's opening description in that thread might lead one to believe that this circuit is indeed just another ring modulator with the added benefit of voltage control, something akin to Doepfer's A-133 VC Polarizer. Irvine refers to his design as a 'frequency mixer' and, while I'm not sure of the the semantic difference, the sonic results certainly are unlike 'normal' RM.
The term 'ring modulator' might be misleading, but that shouldn't detract from the possibilities of this circuit, both in terms of timbre and function generation. The build quality is excellent and, taken as an alternative to the classical DC-coupled ring mod, the mh31 offers new sounds and surprising results when processing control voltages.
A demo of Leaf Audio's DIY distortion-in-a-snackbox effect.
Described by its makers as a 'lethal lash', this deceptively simple circuit is capable of serious audio destruction. It features three gain stages, two feedback loops and adjustable power starve. It was originally designed by Leaf Audio to process electronic beats although, as you'll hear below, it's quite happy when fed with other material.
Despite its diminutive size and innocuous looks, the Fuzz-O-Mat is capable of dramatic gain swings, so be careful of your ears and speakers! I've used a limiter on these recordings to keep the levels in check.
The Fuzz-O-Mat is only available by taking part in one of Leaf Audio's workshops. The kit contains everything you need and the PCB is well laid out, making it fun to build. Manuel of Leaf Audio and Matthias of Curetronic are on hand to help should you get stuck.
Check the list of upcoming dates and their other 'snack-box synths': the BingBong, NoiseFuzzFilter, RingDing & Bumssss analogue drum synth.
The next workshop in Berlin is on the 4th December at the Haus der Kulturen der Welt as part of the Worldtronics festival, where you can also look forward to a modular set from me, quite possibly shredding pristine Cwejman sounds with my Fuzz-O-Mat.
If you can't take part or would like something pre-built, head over to Kenny's Death and contact Manuel to order "the most kaputt sounding fuzz workstation ever" - a Fuzz-O-Mat with all the Hazarai.
Using Maths or the VCS to generate sub-harmonic variation.
"Sub-Harmonic Generator: If a series of triggers are applied to the VCS faster than the total rise and fall times, the module will divide the incoming signal by a whole number. In the audio range the output will be the sub-harmonic series."
The VCS has the benefit of an AC-coupled output, but I feel Maths offers finer control over the settings. As this patch relies on the rise time, Math's EOR pulse can be used to provide an even beefier sub signal.
The technique simply involves patching a mult of your principal oscillator to Maths' trigger input and mixing either the envelope or EOR with the main VCO in a filter etc. Set the response to linear, fall to fully CCW and then gradually increase the rise time. Additionally altering the fall time will give you more control over the timing and hence sub-divisions.
The patch relies on the envelope's inability to respond to a second trigger until it has completed its cycle, meaning it will 'skip' pulses and thus generate a lower frequency. You can try this patch with other trigger-able envelopes like the Plan B Model 10, Cwejman CTG-VC or Doepfer A-143-1, bearing in mind that the minimum possible cycle time and trigger response will affect the possible sub-divisions.
I'll be taking part in the De:Bug Musiktechniktage this Saturday, helping Andreas Schneider with his workshop and playing a short live set. Time should be between 16:00 & 18:00. See the De:Bug link for more information.
Some pictures from the opening event at Rough Trade East last Sunday.
It's been a while since I've been down Brick Lane and I was amazed at the buzz on the streets. Rough Trade East is a great location for the Testsalon and I wish Andreas and the lads every success with the venture. Thanks to everyone who came along - it was great to meet you!
TOP: Cwejman RES-4, MMF-1, Toppobrillo TWF, A-132 VCA, Harvestman Hertz Donut, VCA-4MX; BOTTOM: A-147 VCLFO, A-160/1 clock divider/ sequencer, Fonitronik Attenuverting Mixer, Analogue Solutions SH-NZ, Make Noise Wogglebug & Maths, Bananalogue/ Serge VCS.
Above is a picture of the 6U case I took with me. I can happily confirm that it met Easyjet's carry-on luggage regulations. There was a sharp intake of breath from the passengers behind me as I opened the case at security in Berlin - the people at Luton didn't even bat an eyelid. I asked Easyjet about taking a 9U as carry-on: unfortunately, it's too big.
Putting together a 6U performance case was a real challenge. My normal approach is to ensure that I have all eventualities covered e.g. VCAs, polarizers, mixers etc., but this time the solution was to think in terms of the set I wanted to play and populate the case accordingly. Anything I hadn't used in rehearsal (mults, logic, sound-shaping filters, complex envelopes etc.) was easily left out.
My set comprised of three sections and relied on re-patching & repurposing the modules e.g. filter as oscillator, envelope as trigger delay etc. Rather than using LFOs, a joystick or keyboard/ Pressure Points, I made all changes manually.
Section one: white noise tuned by the RES-4 to provide a pad, the MMF-1 randomly pinged by the Wogglebug (the Allen Strange 'tail-chasing' patch); section two: my faux binary zone patch (MMF-1 through TWF as bassline), RES-4 pinged by clock divider for 'Berlin-style' stabs, high-pitched waveform discontinuity sound from Hertz Donut principal as high hat, modulator as kick drum and, section three, the RES-4 excited by the VCS and run through the TWF for some distorted klonks, with the HD providing some 'stupid' accompaniment and the MMF-1 rumbling the subs.
Part workshop, part gig, this was an interesting experience - despite rehearsing, the one thing I wasn't prepared for was shaky patch-hands. On more than one occasion, I missed the jack and hit the face-plate! Self-contained instruments like Maths, the Wogglebug & Hertz Donut are perfect for small systems (although the latter's secondary CV inputs, which need to be activated, are hardly performance-friendly!). The biggest lesson, though, was to bring your own monitoring: if you can't hear your music properly, you can't respond. Next time, I'll be wearing headphones!
I'll be performing a short set at the opening of Schneidersbuero's London showroom at Rough Trade East this Sunday.
The carry-on luggage regulations mean I'll be traveling from Berlin to London with a 6U case. It's been quite a challenge to find a happy balance between favourites and functionality, but also quite revealing to discover just what my desert-island modules are.
I hope you're as excited as I am about the opening and look forward to seeing some of you there!
Imitating John Blacet's complex staircase generator with Eurorack modules.
My first modular sequencer consisted of an A-160/ 1 clocking combo and a mixer. Patching four outputs of the A-161 to an A-138 and then on to a VCO was simple but fun. I don't know why it's taken me so long to realize that I should have tried the clock divider's outputs too!
The principal difference is that, while the A-161 will yield single steps, the A-160's gates will push and pull the sequence higher or lower depending on the mix levels. This results in a variety of the number of steps and the overall sequence length.
The Binary Zone offers six clock divisions. Using a polarizing mixer like the fonitronik mh-01 will limit you to four, but if you substitute the A-160 with a 4MS Rotating Clock Divider, you can generate some very interesting shifting patterns.
Featuring the Toppobrillo Sport Modulator as VC divider and Triple Wave Folder as VC Multiplier.
Today's PotD is based on the 'VC divider' patch with the added twist of a multiplied pulse train courtesy of the TWF. Mult your clock source to four destinations: the TWF, Env1, SM1 S/H and SM2 S/H. Set both sections of the SM to cycle in 'hold' mode, send the output to two VCOs (in this case for pitch and PWM) and the End Out to envelopes 2 & 3. Take the TWF's pulse output to trigger a fourth envelope. In the recording, the first sound you hear is paced by the source clock, the two VCOs by the divisions generated by the SM and the hi-hat by the TWF stream.
You might not want the pitch changes generated by patching the SM's outs to the VCOs, but in this case it allowed me to generate some noise bursts by flicking each section's mode button from S&H to lag and hold. I also added some variation to the patch by sending three CV variables from Pressure Points to the two Toppobrillo modules.
For more patch ideas, see the Sport Modulator page and manual here.
Mixing envelopes for tailor-made transients. A follow-up this post.
Cwejman VCO-2RM (+ sub ex A-160) > Borg filter, ADSR-VC2 + Bananalogue VCS > Fonitronik polarizing mixer > Borg. Gate to both envelopes. Pitch CV > VCOs + Borg 'key in'. Makenoise Pressure Points row 1 offsets pitch of oscillator 2, row 2 > VCS VC rise.
This is a simple but effective solution without getting into the complexities of patching-up a time/ level envelope as found on the Korg Poly 800 or Roland JD-800. If you did, however, want to try this, the Maths, Brains/ Pressure Points and Doepfer A-143-1 manuals all offer examples.
A couple of action shots of the Toppobrillo Sport Modulator.
Mounted alongside Maths, PP + Brains, A-151 & Choices, the SM makes a great addition to the team.
Sport Modulator - Staircase to Heaven?
An overview and demo of the Toppobrillo Sport Modulator, a dual lag + hold/ sample + hold CV processor and generator which takes its cues from a classic Serge design.
The Sport Modulator features two identical but related sections, both of which are capable of smooth & stepped functions, low and audio-frequency oscillation and pulse streams. For more information and patch tips, see the product page and the SSG Wizardry section of the Serge Fans site.
LFO sine > SM in. SM out > VCO. Manual modulation of slew rate. Then pulse from same LFO to 4ms SCM, x8 out > SM T/H in. Lag + Hold mode first, then S+H. Hi hat provided as timing reference.
Bottom section cycles, end out provides T/H trigger for top section. Manual tweaks.
Both sections cycling, top > bottom S/H in, comparator out > bottom CV in, bottom end out > top CV in, bottom out > VCA.
2 VCOs. One receives all notes, the second gets timed 'grabs': the main sequence is 8 notes long. Taking a shorter or uneven division from a clock divider causes the S&H to grab a different note on each pass. After about 40 seconds you can hear the difference between S&H + T&H modes: the latter lets the note stream pass while the gate is high and then holds the last note when it goes low. The second part of the recording, after 1 minute, uses the SCM to generate triggers at a faster rate than the main clock, opening the doors to staircase madness.
I have to admit, I spent the first five minutes staring at the Sport Modulator not knowing what I was supposed to patch where. The SSG tips were a great help, although there are some differences between the two. Firstly, as mentioned, both sections of the SM are capable of both smooth and stepped functions making it more flexible than its ancestor. However, the SM's cycle function is not gate-able so, while the cycle button provides convenience, some patch possibilities may have been sacrificed.
The build quality and layout are great and the circuit does indeed hold for quite a while without noticeable droop. Cross-modulating two cycling sections can generate chaotic repetitive patterns, with the comparator output documenting the two oscillators' struggle. An LED for the comparator output and 'attenuverters' for the CV ins would have been useful, but their absence in no way spoils the fun. Like the Wogglebug, which covers some of the same ground, the Sport Modulator is greater than the sum of its parts and the musical results are unique.
Today's Patch of the Day showcases some of the features that make the combination of Brains, Pressure Points and Maths such a flexible & tactile sequencing package.
Cycling Maths Ch1 acts as clock. EOR > Brains CLK.
Envelope controls VCA depth + VCO FM Index.
Maths Ch4 slews Press CV from PP buss (use input, not trigger).
R + F ca. 15:00, exponential.
Slewed CV > VCA (dynamics), Brains 'Run' + Maths Ch2.
Patch PP rows 1-3 > sequential switch. PP row 1 gate > A-152 clock.
Digital out 4 > reset, common I/O > quantiser > VCO.
Although Maths is cycling and providing Brains with a clock, the sequence is blocked from running until the press CV exceeds 1V. On release of the touch plate, the Press CV fades out, allowing the sequence to continue running until it again falls below 1V. An inverted mult of the press CV, which is fed to Ch1's Fall VC via Ch2, controls the speed of the clock. The harder you press, the faster the clock. As the press CV fades, the clock slows. Try different rise and fall times for both channels 1 + 4 and the amount of fall VC from Ch2 to taste. You could, for example, have the sequence get faster as the volume fades. The remaining connections (Ch4 EOC > Brains reset, PP rows 1-3 > multiplexer etc.) are non-essential, but nice.
Brains provides sequencing power to Make Noise's Pressure Points, offering some of the functionality of the classic Serge TKB. For a full description, see the product page and make sure you read the manual! I'd never have thought that such a small and seemingly simple clocker could open up so many possibilities. Nice work work, Tony - Brains, Pressure Points & Maths make a cracking team!
Here's a quick example using the stepped out of a Wogglebug to change the direction of a four-note (i.e. one row) sequence. When the random voltage is above 1V, the sequence runs forward. When it's below, it runs backwards. At about 23 seconds, the /6 output of a 4ms RCD steps a sequential switch to add rows 2 & 3 to the chain, creating a 12-note sequence.
Brains comes with all the necessary cables to connect the unit to two Pressure Points as well as chain the touchplates and is available now from Schneidersbuero. I'll be taking a closer look at the possibilities offered by Brains later in the week. In the meantime, if you have Pressure Points, do yourself a favour and get this module. It's … a no-brainer.
Got a spare 3U rack that you'd like to use on your desktop to house performance modules like Pressure Points and Choices?
Screw them back in place and enjoy!
Thanks to Max Kruppa in Kreuzberg for their time and effort.
I've just released The Best of Patch of the Day Vol. 1, which is available from my bandcamp page for three Euros.
The EP contains some patches from the past plus one new recording. Prebloom is a live performance featuring a Cwejman RES-4 & CTG-VC, Toppobrillo TWF, Doepfer A-143-1, Plan B Model 15 & Harvestman Hertz Donut VCOs, Makenoise Pressure Points and f(h) Choices joystick. I'll leave you to figure out the patch configuration from my previous examples!
Some patch ideas featuring the 4ms Shuffling Clock Multiplier and Breakout box.
For an overview of the concept and functions of the SCM, see this post.
2 VCOs, left gated by keyboard, right by manually-clocked SCM. The shorter the intervals between played notes, the faster the trills.
Here's a variation on the above using a tail-chasing Wogglebug to generate gate and pitch information. I used the x1 output of the SCM to trigger Maths and fed its envelope to the level VC of a Cwejman CTG-VC to fade out the echos. This works better in the slower sections i.e. the beginning of the clip. An option would have been to VC Maths' fall time with the pitch CV e.g. higher notes = faster echos = faster fade. If you don't have a Cwejman envelope, you could use a second VCA to add similar dynamic control of your your envelope.
Because the SCM 'reads' the interval between two pulses, large timing changes from fast to slow will display an amount of lag as the SCM catches up with the new tempo. This is possibly the only failing of the module but, given the difficulties in implementing clock multiplication (the SCM can't 'predict' the new tempo before it has happened!), two taps are more than acceptable and this lag can also have its musical uses as a 'ghost' beat.
LFO as clock, speed manually changed.
The most obvious use for the SCM is as a drum trigger/ sequencer driver, but this last recording is an example of the SCM in an auxiliary role, helping to time the changes of a quantizer to generate sync'd glissando.
Main VCO left, clock reference right. At six seconds a slewed sequence is patched to the VCO. At about 18 seconds the sequence is re-patched to an A-156 quantizer. The quantizer responds to changes in voltage, so the steps are not in sync with the main clock. Patching an output from the SCM to the A-156's trigger input (27 seconds) resolves this and, with some rotation and slip, allows for swung or odd time glissando.
The SCM and breakout box have undergone some changes since I tested the prototype. The main differences are the addition of a x1 output, or mult of the clock source, and the loss of some of the 'straight' gate streams. I found the former to be useful on the RCD and, because the SCM generates pulses even without an input, it can function as a main clock source in a patch. The lack of some of the 'un-swung' outputs means you'll have to rotate the SCM if you want to make use of the phasing effects I demonstrated in my original post. The Breakout box has also undergone some changes, now offering a global x4 multiplier and mute function. As I previously noted, if you have an SCM, you really need the expander. Not only does it offer access to the swing & skip parameters, but it brings the SCM to life as a playable instrument. The breakout box should be available soon, so plan for one in your rack!
Got a spare A-180 multiple and need a simple slew to round off jaggy gates and S&H signals? Then get out your soldering iron and follow this simple schematic from the Doepfer DIY page.
Filters also benefit from 'softer' control. I built this as a companion to my Plan B M23 ASR, but you could also feed the quad slew with the outputs of a clock divider like the 4ms RCD and take these outputs directly to your VCA. A cheap and small alternative to tying-up four envelopes!
I used a 4k7 resistor and 1uF capacitor, but you could try other values for a more or less rounded result.
Thanks to fonitronik for the suggested values and help!
Recordings of the quintessential Cwejman module, the Quad VC Resonator.
Download the album for €1 or more to access the audio examples.
For an overview of what the module does, read this Sound On Sound review and for some practical tips on how you might use the RES-4, read this chapter of the classic Synth Secrets series. If the formant techniques described by Gordon Reid sound too much like hard work, you could, of course, just patch a sawtooth into the RES-4, twist the knobs and see what happens.
Listen to the 'Oriental' and 'Formant' examples. The recordings not only show off the sort of vocal effects the RES-4 is capable of, but also the stereo spread caused by the phase cancellations and additions of the four filters when mixing the BP and Notch outputs. 'Voice' and 'Breathing' are similar, using higher Q settings for some resonant phasing. As you can hear, the RES-4 can be used for frequency-dependent panning.
Unlike the MMF-1, the RES-4 needs an input to start oscillating or ringing. A little white noise or short trigger impulse from Maths' EOR does the trick nicely. Listen to the 'Ping' and 'Shiftregister' examples. For me, this is the quad resonator's trademark sound. I know it drives some people nuts, but I love it. Higher Q settings will yield longer rings, using Pressure Points or an analogue shift register allows you to play four-note chords or complex cascades.
Feeding the result into a wavefolder can add bite or bring out steel string-like qualities. Tuning the resonant frequencies and adjusting the gain levels gets you into physical modeling territory. Listen to the 'TWFolded' and 'Logdrums' examples.
'Spacejam' show-cases some of all of the above. It's a single pass, live recording featuring just one VCO, the RES-4 and maybe a touch too much EHX SMMH delay. When the oscillator is slow and the Q high enough, the filter is pinged. At audio rates, the effect is similar to the first couple of recordings.
One last feature that should be mentioned is the amount of voltage control this module offers: frequency and volume on master or individual level, bandwidth per filter. As stretta expertly shows, this allows dynamic and precise settings, although so far, I've been happy enough making manual changes.
I ignored the RES-4 for many years, in part due to its price, but in the time that I've had it has become a firm favourite. The build quality is top notch and the sonic results unique. For more RES-4 examples, listen to the 'dampf', 'nutong' & 'eszieht' tracks from my Synthetic Nature EP or run this search.
Abusing the Fonitronik Attenuverting Mixer as a fixed-rate slew limiter.
Mixing CVs can yield complex modulations. Fonitronik's mh-01 is perfect for the task and also has a hidden trick up its sleeve. Flicking the mode from DC to AC sends the sum through a capacitor, which leads to a pleasant and unpredictable rounding of the signal.
Two mixed LFOs. Change from DC to AC mode @ 8 seconds.
This is great for cyclical modulations and, while it's less useful for pitch information, can also be used to avoid clicks when feeding a VCA with a S&H signal.
... they just get it.
Thanks to everyone who came along on Saturday - I hope you had as much fun as I did!
I'll be performing live as part of the Bloom Garden project at the 48 Stunden Neukölln arts festival in Berlin this Saturday (June 26th).
I'll start patching around 16:00 at Parzelle 20 in the 'Hand in Hand' Kleingarten Kolonie in the Rütli Strasse 8, 12045. Same procedure as last year, as they say in Germany!
I hope you like the sounds enough to buy the EP and, if you can tear yourself away from the football action, look forward to seeing you on Saturday.
Mixing envelopes to emulate a reverb pre-delay.
In this patch, I used a Doepfer A-143-1 for its built-in polarizing mixer, triggering both envelopes with the same gate, but any combination of envelopes and mixer would do. You could of course also do the reverse and, using a positive envelope, add a second attack or 'bite' (e.g. trumpets) or flutter (claps) to a sound. See the A-143-1 manual for more ideas.
An overview of the updated 4MS Rotating Clock Divider and a taste of the company's next product, the Shuffling Clock Multiplier.
I liked the RCD when I first tried it, but missed the ability to output gates and, more importantly, wished it could count on the downbeat. This latest update delivers both features and makes the Rotating Clock Divider perfect.
Downbeat counting. /1, /2 & /4 outputs drive three envelopes, Pressure Points rotates.
Similar to the above, but with gates rather than triggers.
This third recording demonstrates an interesting side effect of the way the RCD generates its gates in upbeat mode: the /1, or mult of the source clock, is inverted, resulting in a funky offbeat. The first half of the clip is upbeat the way we know and love it from the A-160 (source plus /4), the second half is the RCD. If you want a 'normal' upbeat division to play against your source, take the mult directly from your clock rather than the RCD.
Upbeat + Gate. A-160 then RCD.
I've been very lucky to have had the beta versions of the Shuffling Clock Multiplier and SCM Breakout for testing. In the past week, I've had so much fun twisting rhythms that I'm sad to have to send them back. The final feature-set and layout will likely change, so I won't go into any great detail. Suffice it to say, that rotating, shuffled clock multiplications are an even bigger hoot than divisions.
The SCM takes an incoming clock and multiplies it. These multiplications are available at separate outputs and, like the RCD, these can be rotated. The x4, x6 & x8 clocks have twin outputs, and these can be played off against each other for swing and drop-out effects. Lastly, you can also modulate the pulse width of the resulting gates.
Left = x4, right = S(x4). Slippage altered first, then shuffle, then both. These functions are related: one determines the amount of swing, the other which beats are swung.
Same as above. Skip selects which beats are 'dropped'.
For more details on the SCM see the 4MS website and Youtube demos.
Two VCOs, SCM, quantizer, analogue shift register and a couple envelopes and VCAs. Sequence sent to VCO1 (left) and multed to the ASR which is clocked by the S(x4) output. The shifted clock and pitch information is sent to VCO2 (right). Manual tweaks of the clock, SCM, ASR output and quantizer scale.
Thanks to Dann of 4MS for the updated RCD - I can't wait to get my hands on the final SCM!
A quick comparison of the Malekko Wiard Borg 1 & 2, also featuring Plan B Models 12 & 13.
The Borg 1 (white knobs) employs slower vactrols, allegedly giving it a mellower sound and longer decay than the more aggressive, black knobbed Borg 2. I'm a big fan of the Plan B Model 12, but sometimes find it's response to CVs either too linear or lazy, so I was keen to hear the Borg 1 for myself.
I really liked the Borg 1's soft edges and muted tones. Its response is slower than the Borg 2 and this makes it a more natural sounding LPG. It might even have the edge on the M13, which tends to lose the initial transients. I don't find either Borg particularly useful for BP or HP duties and this is where the M12 shines. I tried patching both Borgs in a BP series, but didn't find the results as interesting as the dual-peak BP mode of the Cwejman MMF-1. That said, both Borgs are fantastic LPFs with attitude and character. Sonically, the B1 sits squarely between its more aggressive sibling and the rubber-funk of the M12.
You can download the full set of recordings, including the obligatory LPG 'thwap' test, here (3.2MB), but be careful with your speakers on the 'rumble' MP3!
Thanks to Schneidersbuero for the loan of the module.
If you're in Berlin tonight, be sure to check out Richard Scott's trio at the Sowieso in Neukölln.
Patch a square wave LFO to the A-119's asymmetrical input, set the input gain so that no clipping occurs and then adjust the threshold level to attain a 'clean' signal from the gate out.
Because the A-119 features a full wave rectifier to accomplish its envelope following duties, the negative half, or 'off' period, of the square wave is flipped into positive territory, in effect doubling the frequency.
There is a slight delay to the doubled clock, but this is understandable due to the speed of the A-119 and the threshold necessary to avoid a standing, permanent gate.
Feeding the wave multiplier with a triangle wave will yield different clocks. For more wave-folded beats, see this post.
Getting the Plan B M12 SVVF to self-oscillate and 'sine-shaping' à la Bubblesound µLFO. An update to this post and part of my ongoing drive to sell the Doepfer A-133 VC Polarizer.
I'd be interested to hear from any µLFO users whether the sine-shaping also causes a change in frequency as per my examples.
The sine output of the M15 was used to FM the M12. The output of the filter was also sent to the sync input of the VCO, resulting is some pleasing, if groggy, harmonic stepping.
First impressions of the 4MS Rotating Clock Divider.
This colourful module is an update on the classic clock divider design, offering even and un-even divisions of 1 to 64 and a unique rotate function to shift the resulting triggers along its eight outputs.
Here's a run-through featuring four voices. Towards the end, a random CV is applied to the rotate function.
The next example focusses on the rotate function, which is addressed via a CV. While this is more complicated than stepping with a gate, it allows programmed timing-changes with a sequencer or preset controller like Pressure Points.
The RCD outputs triggers, rather than gates. This is useful for percussive material, but has implications for certain logic gating functions. In this example, the main clock is AND-gated by the /4 output, first with a Doepfer A-160, then with the RCD.
The RCD will also function as an audio sub-divider. Here too, the results are different to the A-160 because of the lack of gates.
Sine wave source mixed with 'divided' signal. Choices joystick used to first rotate and then also change pitch.
The following example uses the RCD as a simple three-voice sequencer. The clock is reset on the first beat of the bar until the 1:25 mark (shortly after the FM index riser). Thereafter, the divisions are allowed to run free until about 1:50 (after the decay of the open high hat is lengthened) when it is snapped back into sync. A joystick was used to provide the rotate CV.
This was a lot of fun, but it did highlight an issue common to both the RCD and A-160: neither play 'on the one'. This is apparent when the drums are faded in (0:30). The cymbal denotes the down-beat, the RCD is playing off-beat. This can be 'corrected' on the A-160 with a logic inverter but, as the RCD outputs triggers, this is not possible. Another thing that became clear was the need for some planning with a programmer to set appropriate divisions, rather than wiggling a joystick!
The RCD got me thinking and working in a way I hadn't previously and I wanted to see whether the A-160/ 1 could compete. In this recording I mimicked the previous patch with the Doepfer clocking modules and fed four different reset triggers via an A-151 sequential switch which I stepped with a manual gate.
This resulted in less drastic changes than rotating divisions, but the shifting rhythmical patterns were no less musical or interesting. I also got the impression that the Doepfer divider had a bit more 'funk' than the 4MS, but this might just be down to timing inaccuracies on the part of the A-160.
The 4MS Rotating Clock Divider is mesmerizing, immediate and a lot of fun. Having easy access to un-even divisions was a revelation and the reset possibilities allow for complex rhythmic patterns. I'm not sure I'd want it as the only clock divider in my system, but it could certainly fulfill that role.
To wrap things up, today's Patch of the Day features the RCD and Plan B's M23 ASR.
Two VCOs, panned left and right receive shifted pitch and trigger information. A Wogglebug provides a random CV to rotate the RCD, modulate Maths' envelope length and transpose the sequence.
Today's tip is adapted from Rob Hordijk's excellent Nord Modular tutorials.
Hordijk's patch is a little more involved, but in the second example I simply used an inverted output of the A-160 to trigger the S&H. Another option would be to use the 'step1' output of an Analogue Solutions SQ8.


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The History of Georgia Football
The University of Georgia first fielded a football team in the fall of 1892. The team was known as "the Red and Black" and it finished its inaugural season with a record of 2-2. The Red and Black played four games that first year, splitting the series.
The team's first coach was Edwin Pop Warner who was just 23 years old at the time he coached his first game for Georgia. Warner had played college football at Cornell University before becoming one of the greatest coaches in the early years of football. He served as head coach at Georgia from 1895 through 1899 and compiled a record of 27-10-4 during those seasons, including an 11-2 finish in 1897.
How many national championships does the University of Georgia have?
The University of Georgia has won two national championships in football. The first championship was won in 1942 and the second championship was won in 1980.
One of the most famous games in Georgia football history came in 1981 when the Bulldogs faced off against Clemson in the Sugar Bowl. The game was tied at 17-17 heading into the fourth quarter, but Clemson scored two touchdowns in the final period to win the game and the national championship.
One of the most successful coaches in Georgia football history is Vince Dooley. Dooley served as head coach from 1964 through 1988 and compiled a record of 201-77-10 during his tenure. He led the Bulldogs to six SEC championships and one national championship.
List of major bowl games and all-time records for each sport at UGA
The University of Georgia has a long and storied history in college football. The Bulldogs have appeared in 38 bowl games, winning 20 of them. Their all-time record is 116-59-10. Some of the most notable bowl games in school history include the 1981 Sugar Bowl (a 17-17 tie against Clemson that resulted in a national championship for Clemson), the 1984 Cotton Bowl (a 30-27 victory over Texas that was the first bowl game ever won by Georgia), and the 2002 Sugar Bowl (a double-overtime win over Florida State that was capped off by a touchdown run by Dawgs running back Terrell Davis).
The history of Georgia football is one of triumphs and heartbreaks, of great players and legendary coaches. The Bulldogs have always been a force to be reckoned with on the gridiron, and they continue to make their mark on the sport today. Thanks for following along as we explored the history of Georgia football. We hope you enjoyed it!
Other Nationality of NBA Players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'Senior lawyers aid corruption with opaque charges for election cases'
Former Court of Appeal President Justice Ayo Isa Salami was unsparing of the bar, the bench and politicians in his dissection of the Buhari administration's anti-corruption crusade. The war, he argued, can only be won if lawyers, judges and politicians mend their ways. He was delivering a paper at the National Democracy Day Anti-corruption Summit in Abuja.
THE pursuit of wealth is not a bad thing in itself because without the food and comforts which wealth provides, life will be penurious and drab. But always remember that any wealth accumulated on a selfish basis, at the expense of the State in defiance of social justice helps to create a disorganised society in which everybody will eat everybody and no one person can be safe."
– Chief Obafemi Awolowo
The use of public funds in election litigation
The theme: "The use of public funds in election litigation and the integrity of the Judiciary" could not have come at a better time. Being an election year, it is a period in which we have the highest numbers of election matters in Court. I reliably gathered that there were about 639 pre -election cases that arose from the various primaries and 736 election petitions emanating from the just concluded elections. This clearly reveals the heated nature of electoral contest in Nigeria. Notwithstanding that our laws provide for resolution of disputes arising from electoral process through the Courts, the alarming number of election petitions in Court leaves much to be desired. The development calls for a review of our electoral process. This is a matter for another day.
Our focus, today, is on the use of public funds by political office holders to pursue election cases, for personal or private gains. This remains a major source of concern in Nigeria because of the negative impact it has on our socio-economic development. Over the years, public funds meant for developmental projects, aimed at improving the lives of the citizenry are diverted and embezzled by selfish individuals in government, through the awards of inflated or phony contracts. Funding of election petitions has become one of the ways through which public funds are mismanaged and wasted. It is an open secret that election matters have become a sort of windfall to the legal practitioners engaged in election matters. The humongous fees being charged by these lawyers in pre and post-election matters are mostly paid with public funds or taxpayers' monies, especially where the client is a public office holder who has no right to use such monies to defend his election.
Lawyers have become complicit in this decadence; taking undue advantage by charging high fees in naira and foreign currencies. Most of the time, the senior lawyers insist on collecting their professional fees in cash, in order to avoid the funds being traced directly to them and also to evade payment of tax. It may be necessary for the Central Bank to flag cash withdrawals from government accounts that exceed a certain threshold and demand a purpose for the withdrawal.
A common trend now is having over 10 Senior Advocates appearing in a matter for just one of the parties and you wonder what value those numbers are adding to the legal representation in court. Unsurprisingly, the litigants with the highest number of Senior Advocates are invariably those that have unfettered access to public funds. Why this is the case, your guess is as good as mine.
Again and quite disheartening, I have it on good authority that public funds used by some State Governors to prosecute election matters concerning them individually is far more than the entire budget appropriated for the Ministry of Justice and the Judiciary in the respective States. By this, they are inadvertently weakening institutions and empowering a few individuals who probably have no stake in the affected States.
However, the ministries of justice across the nation need to be revamped and strengthened as they are now shadows of what they were in the past.
Sadly, most senior lawyers who should ordinarily be role models and persons of integrity in the society, display acts or conducts unbecoming of persons of the noble profession. They have become conduits to launder public funds. A case which readily comes to mind is a criminal charge by the EFCC against a Senior Advocate of Nigeria relating to converting to personal use, concealing the source of, disguising the origin of and retaining in his account huge amount of money to the tune of about a billion naira belonging to a State Government. The money was allegedly paid with State's funds for legal services rendered in personal capacity to the Governor, who was then a governorship candidate. I understand trial is ongoing in respect of the matter and I do hope justice will be served at the end.
From the above, it clearly shows that lawyers handling election petition matters for political office holders charge excessive and arbitrary fees simply because they feel the politicians have access to public funds to service these fees. It goes without saying that these politicians are forced to tamper with public resources because they are under pressure to do everything possible to retain their seats.
Granted that lawyers enjoy a wide liberty charging for their services; the charges must be reasonable and not arbitrary. Charging and collecting fees for legal services in an opaque manner does the society no good; it stands to promote corruption, tax evasion and money laundering.
The Rules of Professional Conduct, 2007 (RPC) is a guide, containing the ways and manners lawyers must conduct themselves whilst relating with colleagues, clients and to the legal profession itself. Rules 48 – 54 of the RPC, 2007 clearly provide for specific guidelines to follow when charging clients. These rules unfortunately did not put a limit on the amount to be charged in respect of any transaction but only puts a guide on how to go about it.
However, Section 15 (3) Legal Practitioners Act (LPA) 2014 (as amended) gives a bit of a leeway and I believe this is a section the Hon. Attorney General of the Federation may wish to take a closer look at.
There shall be a Committee, to be called the Legal Practitioners Remuneration Committee, which shall consist of
the Attorney-General of the Federation, who shall be the chairman of the committee;
the Attorneys-General of the States; and
the President of the Association and three other members of the Association.
The quorum of the committee shall be three, of whom one shall be the Chairman of the committee or some other member of the committee nominated by him to act as chairman of the committee on the occasion in question.
The committee shall have power to make orders regulating generally the charges of legal practitioners and, without prejudice to the generality of that power, any such order may include provision as to all or any of the following matters, that is to say-
the maximum charges which may be made in respect of any transaction or activity of a description specified by the order;
the ascertainment of the charges appropriate for any transaction or activity by reference to such considerations as may be so specified;
the taking by practitioners of security for the payment of their charges and the allowance of interest with respect to the security; and
agreements between practitioners and clients with respect to charges.
The above in my considered opinion may be an opportunity for the Hon. AGF to use the instrumentality of his office through the Committee to regulate fees charged by lawyers particularly in election related matters. This power seems only to have been exercised in respect of Legal Practitioners remuneration for legal documentation and other land matters under the Legal Practitioners (Remuneration For Legal Documentation And Other Land Matters) Order S.I. 7 of 1991.
The Nigerian Bar Association also has a pivotal role to play in ensuring that lawyers abide by the provisions of the Rules of Professional Conduct. A review of the Rules has become necessary to guard against lawyers charging excessive fees and colluding with politicians to rob the State of its wealth.
Sometime in 2010, I recommended for a reduction of the involvement of the Judiciary in electoral matters. I wrote to the then President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan GCFR and also copied the Senate President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives wherein I stated inter alia that:
"By this singular act of involving the Supreme Court in election controversy, it seems to me with the greatest respect, that the political class is widening the frontier of judicial intervention in a matter that is principally or primarily a political issue. It is my respectful view that our efforts should be to find a permanent and enduring solution to extricate our Courts from election matters. To my little knowledge, it is only here in Nigeria that the outcome of an election is not known until it goes through the labyrinth of legal procedure. Rather than seek to reduce this anathema, if not completely eliminated, it is being promoted to a status of festivity, so much so that after an election to a political office there could be four or more petitions. I believe that purposeful efforts should be directed to discouraging such mindsets and means devised to reducing such petitions to the barest minimum.
There is nothing preventing a provision denying right of petitions to candidates or political parties whose candidates failed to score a certain percentage of the total vote cast. This may reduce multiplicity of petitions. There is no point allowing a candidate who cannot take the office even where his petition succeeds to petition against an election. Where the office enures to a candidate and political party other than the candidate or party that successfully petitioned, such latter candidate should not be allowed to bring an election petition."
Though the above was written about a decade ago, I still adopt and make this passage my recommendation. If I have my way, I would even propose further that all election petitions including Presidential should terminate at the Court of Appeal. This, I believe, will insulate the apex court from undue and unnecessary interference of politicians and would thereby eliminate cost of litigation at that level.
Integrity of the judiciary
Judicial integrity is key in a society governed by rule of law, without which confidence in the judiciary cannot be reposed. When the judiciary is constrained by corrupt practices, the integrity becomes soiled. The biased interpretation and application of the laws impair one of the most potentially effective tools in the fight against corruption.
There are circumstances which affect the integrity of the judiciary; low remuneration, a high concentration on jurisdictional and administrative roles in the hand of Judges, combined with far-reaching discretionary powers and weak monitoring of the execution of those powers. This does not only generate extensive possibilities for the abuse of power but it also creates an environment where whistle-blowing becomes more unlikely because of the extensive powers of individual holding these powers.
An honest criminal justice system, including the courts, is sine qua non to any comprehensive anti-corruption initiative. The lack of integrity within the judiciary will absolutely devastate legal and institutional mechanism designed to curb corruption, no matter how well targeted, efficient and honest. It will serve no purpose to design and implement anti-corruption programmes and laws if the law enforcement agencies do not seek to enforce the law, or a Judge finds it easy and without risk to be bribed. Judicial integrity should therefore be a cornerstone of any anti-corruption programme.
The integrity of the judiciary has recently become a topic for serious discussion considering the related events surrounding the judiciary and the conduct of its officers. The notorious issues of prolonged, delayed or hijacked adjudication of appropriate justice has made Nigerians and indeed, the international community, lose faith in the country's judicial system's ability and capacity to adequately fight corruption. The role of Judges and the Judiciary in the fight against corruption cannot be over emphasized. Importantly also, is the sacred duty of the judiciary to ensure that justice is not just done but seen to be done. The National Judicial Council (NJC) through the instrumentality of The Code of Conduct for Judicial Officers of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2016 (Revised) has put in place, some guidelines to regulate the conduct of Judicial Officers. Rule 10 of the statute clearly forbids Judicial Officers from giving or taking of any benefit, advantage, bribe however disguised in the discharge of their duties.
There are instances today where some Judges have been petitioned against and found guilty of receiving bribes to influence cases before them. Some serving and retired Judges have also become conduits in channelling bribes to judicial officers in order to pervert the course of justice. The Judges are often approached with huge sums of money they find difficult to resist. These actions are inimical to the judicial system.
Notwithstanding the above, I say with all sense of modesty and responsibility that majority of Judges or Justices in our Courts are not corrupt as it is being bandied about in some quarters. I am convinced we still do have in the majority great men and women of impeccable integrity in the judiciary.
Unfortunately, the conduct of a few corrupt elements gives the general impression that the entire judiciary is corrupt. These few bad eggs act with a lot of impunity once the price is right. We also do have Judges who are not necessarily corrupt but highly incompetent and lazy. A corrupt and an incompetent Judge are no doubt two sides of the same coin! A corrupt judicial officer can easily manipulate an incompetent or lazy Judge particularly in Courts that sit in panels, like the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court.
Overall, both the bar and bench, have a pivotal role to play in the fight against corruption and uphold the integrity of the Judiciary. An effective and efficient Judiciary guarantees fairness in legal process, but a compromised and corrupt Judiciary cannot. I have a strong conviction that we can achieve a Nigeria of our dream if the bar and bench get it right.
It is pertinent to note that the National Judicial Council (NJC) needs to be more alive to its responsibilities. The last 10 years have been quite challenging for the Judiciary because fidelity in law is being rapidly eroded. The general perception in the public is that the Judiciary is riddled with corrupt elements. This should be of serious concern to the members of the Council.
The Chief Justice of Nigeria (CJN) in my opinion should not double as the Chairman of the NJC. The heads of both institutions should be independent of the other. For example, the Head of Service is not the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission etc. A corrupt CJN may be manipulative and exploitative and in doing so, the entire judiciary suffers. From experience, most members of Council defer to the CJN out of authority and not superior reasoning for fear of losing out on some privileges, such as, extension of tenure, appointment of protégés as judicial officers among other things. It is most disheartening that we still have members at the NJC today who are well above 80 years and you still find the tenure of the same sets of Justices being renewed. An appointment that should ordinarily have tenure of office has now been converted to life! I say no more on the productivity and state of health of these members.
Also of note, is the Council restricting its power to discipline judicial officers. It chooses to limit discipline of judicial officers to act(s) of misconduct that invariably translates to establishing a case of bribery and not of incompetence. It is, therefore, incumbent on the complainants to establish that the judgment being complained of was financially induced or procured. To succeed in corruption cases there must be corroboration and it is common knowledge that corruption, like adultery, is hardly committed in the glare of the public. Whereas elsewhere incompetence is a basis for removal of judicial officers.
Another indiscretion in the performance of the Council is its fixation for retirement of culprits. In its existence of almost 20 years, it is very doubtful whether up to five judicial officers have been dismissed for corruption. Most of the time, what you have are retirements with full benefits, even in circumstances where the culprits were found guilty of receiving bribe. In an instance, a judicial officer was found liable to have received the sum of N200, 000, 000 (two Hundred Million Naira). He was merely retired apparently without an order of refund. Clearly, this could not have served as a deterrent; no lesson taught and no lesson learned. Any judicial officer found guilty must be made to face the full wrath of the law to ensure that the ugly trend is arrested.
The issue of integrity does not solely revolve around the judicial officers. A case well investigated could be lost if it is not efficiently and diligently prosecuted in Court. A case that is inefficiently prosecuted is bound to fail and be thrown out by the Court for lack of diligent prosecution, which in the circumstance may not be the fault of the trial Judge as he is expected to be an impartial arbiter.
The antecedent and neutrality of the prosecutor must also be taken into account. It is note worthy, that during the tenure of President Muhammadu Buhari as a Military Head of State, the neutrality of the prosecutors were ensured by bringing together state counsel from the various State and Federal Ministries of Justice to a pool. It was from this pool that counsel were selected or drawn to prosecute cases, in a manner that no counsel is allowed to handle a case emanating from his State or a State within his geographical area. It was this arrangement that made the likes of Shoremi, JCA from Ogun State to become a prosecutor in Kano State.
It should be noted that adverse Judgment of a Court may not always be influenced by corruption or incompetence of a Judge but could be a product of inadequacies of the prosecution or poor investigation.
Provision of accomodation for justices and judges on retirement
It is important to state that in addressing the issue of integrity within the Judiciary, the Government must ensure a fair and equitable retirement plan for Justices and Judges across the Federal and State Courts.
The idea of providing accommodation for only the Chief Justices of Nigeria on retirement, no matter how brief their tenure deserves a closer look. From the grapevine, I gathered that it costs the Judiciary above a billion naira to construct and furnish the retirement home of a retiring Chief Justice of Nigeria and unfortunately all the other Justices of the Supreme Court, not even the next most senior Justice is accorded the same privilege. Also, a sum equal to the monthly pension of a retired Supreme Court Justice is again paid to the retiring CJN in addition to pension benefits on monthly basis to maintain the retirement home.
I honestly do not see the need to spend such humongous amount of money to build such large edifice as retirement home for a person, let alone a Judge retiring at 70 years of age. I believe such huge funds could be used more productively to provide accommodation for all the Justices of the Supreme Court and not just the Chief Justice of Nigeria. This courtesy, in my opinion, should also be extended to all the Justices and Judges of the various Courts who have served the country diligently and meritoriously. If this act of discrimination against other judicial officers is allowed to persist, it is capable of inducing corruption based on anxiety to provide for the future.
Another common occurrence is the improper monetization of houses to some judicial officers. It is relevant to state that when the policy was being introduced, the Judiciary opposed it vehemently mainly because of the Justices of the Court of Appeal and Judges of the Federal High Court, for the simple reason that if the policy is permitted in the Judiciary, judicial officers on transfer or posted to new divisions might have accommodation problems and may be compelled to seek accommodation in environments that may not be conducive for a judicial officer.
As a result of this consideration, the monetization policy was dropped and not applied by the government to the Judiciary. I recently gathered that judicial officers and other staff of the judiciary are now acquiring houses belonging to the judiciary under the guise of the monetization exercise, which is not applicable to the Judiciary.
I do not think this is right and proper in the circumstance and I suggest that the Government stops this unfortunate trend and reverse it where necessary. It is important to note that the main purpose of providing residential accommodation for Judges or Justices is to, among other things ensure that they reside in secure and conducive environment. Any attempt to monetize these properties will defeat the purpose and also lead to needless and avoidable expenditure.
These are manifest inequalities that must be addressed. In a similar situation in the past, Hon. Justice Muhammed Bello, former Chief Justice of Nigeria of blessed memory reversed the purchase of a property by one of his predecessors as a retirement home insisting that it was inappropriate to sell the property to the retiring judicial officer. The said property is presently being used by the Court of Appeal as official residence of one of its Justices in Ikoyi, Lagos.
I thank you for listening.
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Date: January 17, 2020, 11:11 pm
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Edo Assembly: I Don't Think There Is Any Crisis – Obaseki
By Mod - 2019-08-24 15:48:02 - [ News ]
Edo State Governor, Godwin Obaseki.
Edo State Governor, Godwin Obaseki has dismissed the rumour of crisis rocking the All Progressives Congress (APC) in the state.
The governor said this while receiving the report of a reconciliatory committee set up to look into all post-election matters at the All Progressives Congress (APC) Secretariat in Benin.
Addressing journalists in the state on Saturday, he said the APC is ready to reconcile its aggrieved members, stressing that there is no crisis rocking the party or the House of Assembly.
READ ALSO: 'Nothing Unusual About Meeting With My Brother', Oshiomhole Says About Obaseki
"It has ended actually. We are just waiting for the members to come back and get inaugurated. I don't think there is any crisis.
"For those people who don't want to make peace or people who don't want to belong to a family, as long as the party gives an opportunity to be members of that family, if it's not utilised, there is not much we can do," he said.
The governor's comment come two weeks after meeting with APC National Chairman, Adams Oshiomhole, following weeks of disagreement.
Obaseki after the meeting said there is no rift between himself and his successor Governor Godwin Obaseki and there is nothing unusual about them holding a meeting.
Oshiomhole, who described Obaseki as his brother said the alleged rift between them is the creation of people with personal interest.
https://www.channelstv.com/2019/08/24/edo-assembly-i-dont-think-there-is-any-crisis-obaseki/
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What is the best price for a return flight from Bergen to Alicante?
How many airlines fly direct from Bergen to Alicante?
There are 3 airlines who fly direct from Bergen to Alicante.
How many flights are there a week from Bergen to Alicante?
There are 3 flights per week from Bergen to Alicante, as of March 2019.
How long does it take to fly from Bergen to Alicante?
3h 35min is average flight time from Bergen to Alicante.
Which airline is the most popular from Bergen to Alicante in March 2019?
Norwegian Air International is most popular airline from Bergen to Alicante in March 2019.
Skyscanner is a fast and simple travel search engine that helps you to find cheap flights and great prices on flights from Bergen to Alicante. We compare hundreds of flights from all major airlines and travel agents, finding you the best deal on cheap plane tickets to Alicante from Bergen.


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The 2012 Hungarian Grand Prix was won by Lewis Hamilton of McLaren.
The race in Hungary was round 11 of 20 of the 2012 season.
Weather conditions at 29 July 2012 12:00 GMT (raceday).
The 2012 Hungarian Grand Prix (formally the Formula One Eni Magyar Nagydij 2012) was a Formula One motor race that took place at the Hungaroring circuit near Mogyoród, Hungary on 29 July 2012. It was the eleventh round of the 2012 season, and the twenty-seventh running of the Hungarian Grand Prix as a round of the World Championship.
Lewis Hamilton started the sixty nine lap race from pole position—his first since the 2012 Malaysian Grand Prix—alongside Romain Grosjean, in his career-best starting position. Hamilton went on to win the race with Kimi Räikkönen second and Grosjean finishing third.
This race marked Heikki Kovalainen's 100th race.


Select the best caption for the cartoon above..
1. Select the best caption for the cartoon above..
You complain about your uniform, at least you don't have to wear the hat anymore.
I told him that new reindeer would be nothing but trouble. But he wouldn't listen.
What's with that look?!?! I've made enough toys for the kids...thank goodness for HIPAA! Santa won't know where I am!
In light of the holiday season, the pediatric patients decided to play a little prank on the over-worked staff.
Elves and nurses do have something in common. We do all the work and one guy in an over-sized coat gets all the credit.
No, it's true. I'm an elf. I don't need a Psych. consult. Don't make me put you on the naughty list. Don't inject me with.....awwww I love you.
The winning caption will be awarded $100!
Please share this with friends and post your comments below!
Aha, two of mine are in the top eight. Yaaaay, but I'm not winning....boooo.
g8sushma works as a LPN.
I wonder who chooses them?
I'm thinking that the Admins probably choose, but I really don't know. It must be tough, there were some really cute ones. This is my first contest on here because I'm new, so I have no clue how it all works.
nursedanny614 works as a Nurse.


text:
Monks with crowbars face off over monastery
Lifestyle // Religion & Spirituality
Rival groups fight for control of Greek sanctuary
COSTAS KANTOURIS, Associated Press
THESSALONIKI, GREECE — Rival groups of monks wielding crowbars and sledgehammers clashed Wednesday over control of a 1,000-year-old monastery in a community regarded as the cradle of Orthodox Christianity, police said.
Seven monks were injured and taken by boat to receive medical treatment. They were released after several hours. No one was arrested, but three monks were banned from re-entering the Orthodox sanctuary of Mount Athos, on a self-governing peninsula in northern Greece.
Esphigmenou monastery is the scene of a long-running dispute between Orthodox Church authorities and rebel monks who occupy the site. Both Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, leader of the Orthodox Christian church, and Greece's highest administrative court have ordered their eviction, but the monks refuse to budge.
The rebel monks vehemently oppose efforts to improve relations between the Orthodox Church and the Vatican.
The fighting broke out between the rebel monks and a group of legally recognized monks.
The outsiders attempted to force their way into the monastery's offices in Karyes, the administrative center, to begin construction of a new building. The occupying monks attacked them with crowbars and fire extinguishers.
Esphigmenou's rebel abbot, Methodius, said his monks were provoked.
"We were attacked and had to respond," he said. "They should be ashamed to call themselves men of the cloth."
In October, a court in the nearby city of Thessaloniki handed down two-year suspended sentences against nine monks and former monastery members for illegally occupying Esphigmenou's offices.
COSTAS KANTOURIS


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text:
Posted inBreweries
Pete Philip appointed chair of the IBA
by cwhitting February 4, 2020 December 20, 2021
(l-r) Pete Philip of Wayward, Jamie Cook of Fermentum
and David Kitchen of Ballistic Beer Co.
Wayward founder Pete Philip has been announced as the new chair of the Independent Brewers Association (IBA).
Current chair Jamie Cook, who recently stepped down as CEO of Fermentum, is now also retiring from his role at the IBA. As Philip becomes chair, effective immediately, Dave Kitchen, co-founder of Ballistic Beer Co, has been appointed to lead the Advocacy Project Group, of which he has been a member for the last year.
Jamie Cook
"As part of my retirement plan, I will be spending a large portion of 2020 overseas," Cooks said in a statement. "With this in mind, I believe it is in the best interests of the IBA for me to step down as chair to ensure that the team and the board are fully supported as we undertake another massive year of resource development, advocacy and event management.
"The board has agreed that the role of chair on the board is best filled by a director who has already had a couple of years' experience on the board. Whilst this will mean the role of chair could change hands every year it will provide greater continuity and more experience to the position."
"I have enjoyed my time in the role as IBA chair and whilst it may have been a little more work than I signed up for, I have enjoyed building a strong executive team, merging GBW with the IBA, and establishing a strong set of Project Groups to bring volunteer expertise to the forefront of developing the industry.
"I'm thankful for the opportunity I have had to give back to an industry that has helped me develop and grow personally over many years and has also provided me with such amazing business opportunities and friendships along the way.
"I will be helping with Pete's transition into the role and will also be driving the recruitment and induction of the general manager into their role over the coming months.
"Pete has been a very active member of the Board and despite the pressures of managing a growing business in Wayward he has led many of the IBA's developments including recently the development of the Supporter Seal program and leading our advocacy Project Group. I join the rest of the board, and I'm sure all of our members, in wishing Pete all the best as he leads the IBA through 2020."
Cook has been active within the IBA since its inception and was part of the steering committee which established the CBIA. With Cook as chair, the IBA has introduced a number of initiatives to champion the cause of independently owned beer, such as the Seal of Independence and Indie Beer Day.
Pete Philip, founder of Wayward
"I'm humbled to have been elected by the board to take the chair at the IBA," Philip told Beer & Brewer. "I have always been a strong believer in the power of like-minded people coming together for a common cause and the indie beer industry has some of the best and most passionate people I have ever met.
"The leadership of my predecessors Jamie Cook and Ben Kooyman have created a strong team and board that has put the IBA in the best position it has ever been.
"I'm looking forward to continuing this momentum particularly in what we're doing with the indie beer seal to convince consumers of the value of indie beer; growing our skills development to equip the next generation of young brewers and the work we're doing with government to help build a sustainable Australian industry.
"If I have one big objective for the next year it's definitely to use the IBA to harness the power of the community of indie brewers to grow our industry; getting everyone moving in the same direction is a bit like "herding cats" but a great indie beer at the end of the day with a fellow brewer makes it all worth it!"
Tagged: news-1
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When the doorbell goes and it's a Shirley Vauvelle delivery, it's always a hallowed moment, like receiving a chest full of treasure, and my tummy fizzes in anticipation. There's only one thing for it..to make a cup of tea and settle down to carefully unwrap each delicious, handcrafted and beachcombed gem from the box. It never disappoints, the package oozes originality and raw talent, each piece so very different from the next, each item a reflection of the shore, using the natural materials that wash up there, combined with Shirley's skill and creativity. Shirley is very much in demand these days, and we feel privileged to be able to bring these rare and unique pieces of driftwood art to our customers. The only problem with the Shirley Vauvelle delivery, is that much like a litter of puppies, it is so very hard to find the willpower to part with it all..
Shirley Vauvelle is quickly becoming recognized nationally and international as an established British maker. Her mixed media work is collected in the UK and overseas. She graduated from Leicester Polytechnic in 1989 with a degree in Surface Decoration. After taking time out to raise her three boys she has built up a small business producing unique contemporary assemblages which are shown in galleries across the country. Alongside developing her ceramic and driftwood pieces, Shirley works on mixed media canvases. These are built up with layers of colour and texture over a long period of time until the right feel and balance is achieved. Influenced by marks and patterns found on the landscape or moment she might witness while looking onto her garden.
Shirley creates wall hung and freestanding sculptures using white earthenware to hand build components, small creatures, birds and fish. Texture is embossed into the surface of leather dry slab rolled clay. After hand building a component it is bisque fired. Then under glazes and oxides are applied and rubbed away to give layers of colour. Fired again at a higher firing temperature. Components are then assembled together with driftwood, wire, vintage maps to create a narrative giving the components a harmonistic relationship with the reclaimed materials. Shirley is also developing working with porcelain to create beautiful individual pieces concentrating on surface quality and informal shape.
Influences come from Danish and Scandinavian design and mid 20th century ceramists such as Aldo Londi and painters such as Amedeo Modigliani and Frida Kahlo.
Her work is inspired by moments in time, such as an observation made in her garden or on a walk along the east coast where Shirley lives. With her sculptures there is an underlying quirkiness to each piece.
She supplies contemporary galleries nationally and internationally, with over 17,000 followers on social media. Earlier this year she was commissioned by an Italian architect to produce an installation for the Hilton Hotel Molino Stucky, a five star hotel in Venice. Shirley's work and studio has been featured on Channel 4's program Homes by the Sea, Series 2 episode 2. Her work has been featured in magazines both in the UK and America.


It's the first day of summer over here, and we are celebrating! We've already had a handful of days over at the pool, but since both of my boys are out of their preschool program for the summer, today makes it feel truly official.
I wanted to share a few essentials that I keep stocked in my summer bag - the contents don't change much whether we head to the pool, the park or the zoo. I even keep a stocked kit of most of these in our golf cart, since we hit the town via the cart paths almost daily in the summertime.
This summer I'm trying out Coola for myself and Bare Republic for my kids. I am always on the hunt for non-toxic sunscreen that doesn't turn my skin completely white, so I will make sure to report back if I love these versions.
I've been a bad girl lately about drinking water - I need to make a goal for myself and just chug it each day! I go in spurts with doing this well and thennnnn not really. But I do love drinking out of stainless steel - my friend Becca got me this amazing water bottle and I love it so much that I got them for everyone in my family. I am also a water hybrid weirdo - I am obsessed with sparkling water, coconut water, adding essential oils to my water, and Spindrift (sparkling water with real fruit added in - no "natural flavors" garbage!) So even though I have trouble hitting my plain-water quota, I'm still getting there. Technically.
I am in a baseball cap 4 days a week, minimum. Mom life my friends. I found this darling hat over on my friend Sarah's instagram and gosh, aren't they the cutest? Might need to add this one into my summer mix.
If you're in this phase of life - yeah. You need them everywhere and all the time. And especially when its super inconvenient - that's always when we need diapers! I like to throw diapers and wipes in a large zip-top bag to keep the wipes from "sweating" all over things in the rest of my bag.
In Georgia, the mosquitoes have the power and might of small birds. And we have to protect ourselves accordingly. I have been using this Terrashield oil to make my own bug spray bottle and it's worked beautifully so far! It's a blend of essential oils that repels insects and it's basically become my best friend, because I have the blood type that allllll the bug like a taste of. Gross. PS it also comes in a Bug Spray form, I just haven't tried it yet.
I'd love to hear what you keep stocked in your bag for summer adventures! Is there anything I should be adding into my mix? Would love to hear from you! Happy "official" summer break to you, friends!
P.S. - I shared more about keeping my skin glowing yet super protected this summer HERE.
"Mommy, You Were Really Strong."


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Mexican state of Coahuila legalizes same-sex marriage
SALTILLO, Coahuila, Mexico — The Congress of the Mexican state of Coahuila has voted to legalize same-sex marriage. The congress on Monday voted 19-1 to alter more than 40 parts of the state's civil code to make marriage gender neutral, making Coahuila the first state in Mexico to legalize same-sex marriage through its state legislature.
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Laberintos es una revista española de edición semestral creada en Zaragoza, que vio la luz con el nuevo siglo. En noviembre de 2011, con el número 24 dedicado a la guerra, se prolonga en su undécimo año de andadura.

Se centra básicamente en la difusión de las humanidades en todas sus ramas, y está financiada, principalmente, por el Gobierno de Aragón. No tiene ánimo de lucro y sí de ser germen cultural en el contexto de la ciudad, de Aragón y del país. En 2008 y, con motivo de la Exposición Internacional, el Gobierno aragonés renovó y aumentó su apoyo económico.

La Revista ha contado con la colaboración de escritores como José Giménez Corbatón, Ignacio Martínez de Pisón, Manuel Vilas, Ramón Acín, Antón Castro, Patricia Esteban; poetas como Rosendo Tello o la valenciana Pilar Peris; cineastas como J. Mª Latorre; historiadores como Herminio Lafoz; filósofos como Javier Aguirre, Julio García Caparrós y Miguel Á. Velasco y musicólogos y críticos cinematográficos como Daniel García.
En el diseño de sus portadas destacan las colaboraciones de Jorge Gay, José Luis Cano, Natalio Bayo, Jesús Bondía, Clara Marta, Rubén Enciso, Vicente Vilarrocha, Lina Vila e Isidro Ferrer, entre otros.

Revista laberintos
Revistas de Aragón

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Gore Wear's C5 Gore-Tex Gloves are lightweight cycling gloves, ergonomically shaped to protect hands on cold and damp rides, without hindering range of movement. Pre-shaped fingers reduce bunching and make for easy on/off. The fit can be tailored with the adjustable cuff to ensure ultimate control while riding.


None of those who showed up in court to support Talamantes spoke to reporters.
Talamantes will return Oct. 15 to Yolo Superior Court with her court-appointed attorney. Yolo Superior Court Commissioner Janene Beronio ordered her held without bail at Yolo County Jail in Woodland.
Sacramento and Davis police arrested Talamantes about 2:35 p.m. Thursday at a relative's apartment on Pocket Road in Sacramento after authorities said Talamantes drove there from her home in Davis with her 4-year-old son – and with her unresponsive daughter in the trunk of her car. Talamantes' relatives grew concerned and called police when she arrived at the apartment with the boy but without her daughter, authorities said. Mother and daughter had been seen together in Davis earlier in the day, relatives told police.
Soon after Sacramento police arrived at the apartment, they discovered Tatianna in the trunk of her mother's car. With the help of neighbors, they tried to revive her.
She later died at a local hospital. It remains unknown when the girl was placed in the trunk.
Davis police and Yolo County prosecutors took over the case after investigators determined the circumstances leading to Tatianna's death happened at Talamantes' Glide Drive home in Davis, Sacramento police said.
Authorities offered few new details Monday on what might have prompted the girl's death. The Sacramento County Coroner's Office performed an autopsy on the girl, but deputy coroner Kim Gin said results are pending, adding that toxicology tests are routine and typically take weeks to complete.
Davis Police Lt. Paul Doroshov said Talamantes had no contact with his department prior to the Thursday morning visit and said she was believed to have moved to the city only recently.
Court records show that Talamantes and the girl's father, Oracio Garcia, had battled each other for custody of the girl for several years.
All was quiet Monday at the tidy-looking Davis duplex where Talamantes was living with her two children. At a park across the street, women wheeled strollers and young children frolicked on playground equipment.
Outside the Talamantes residence, colorful Halloween decorations had been replaced with memorial candles that burned inside glass canisters on the porch. A bouquet of pink roses and another large bunch of flowers lay nearby.
No one responded to the home's doorbell.


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Link to Mahican-Mohawk Trail from Shelburne Falls under review
Jim Perry, a member of the Shelburne Open Space Committee, stands at the lower part of the Mahican-Mohawk Trail. Currently, the committee is assessing whether a proposed hiking trail connecting the Mahican-Mohawk Trail to downtown Shelburne Falls should go forward. CONTRIBUTED PHOTO
A sign for the Mahican-Mohawk Trail in Shelburne. CONTRIBUTED PHOTO
By TALIA GODFREY
For the Recorder
Published: 12/3/2020 4:05:25 PM
Modified: 12/3/2020 4:05:15 PM
SHELBURNE — Assessments for a proposed hiking trail connecting the Mahican-Mohawk Trail to downtown Shelburne Falls are well underway, a project for which the Open Space Committee has received multiple grants, including one for $20,000 from the Mohawk Trail Woodlands Partnership.
A survey sent out several years ago asking Shelburne residents about open space interests and needs showed "overwhelming support for trails from the village and trails for river access. About 60 to 70 percent highly valued trails from the village," according to Larry Flaccus, co-chair of the Open Space Committee and town representative to the Mohawk Trail Woodlands Partnership.
"We talked about connecting that Mahican-Mohawk Trail to the village, which meets one of the interests that residents have expressed," Flaccus said.
Although still in the assessment phase, a trail would run above the river and eventually connect to Wilcox Hollow. Flaccus emphasized that it would be "a small walking trail through the woods, not for motorized vehicles."
"There are a lot of boulders," he explained. "It's not like a rail trail that is paved and flat."
The project received a $4,000 grant from the town of Shelburne that has gone toward an assessment for possible trail routes done by Timber and Stone, a recreational trail design and consulting firm, and a stability analysis by Guntlow and Associates out of Williamstown. Due to opposition from abutters on South Maple Street — the first access point to the trail that the Open Space Committee considered — other possible routes are now under consideration, including one with access from Deerfield Avenue by Salmon Falls.
The Open Space Committee received a $20,000 grant from the Mohawk Trail Woodlands Partnership for fiscal year 2021 that was approved in October 2019, which will go toward evaluating wetlands, removing invasive species, educational trail signs and brochures with maps and information, and property boundary surveys, as most of the lots along the river do not have delineated boundaries, Flaccus explained.
Trail signs and brochures will be added to other Shelburne nature trails as well, including the Ridge Trail and the National Audubon Society's property, and will include updated maps and information on issues of forest health and invasive species among other topics. A $300 grant was awarded from the Cultural Council for the educational and informational additions.
The site of the proposed hiking trail — a large piece of land that the town owns between downtown and the Mahican-Mohawk Trail — was given by Lillian Davenport years ago in her will. Flaccus said town officials are working with nearby landowners to address concerns.
The project has received "mixed reactions with abutters, which is expected," he said, also mentioning that the Open Space Committee has received some letters of support from residents.
Concerns center on heavy foot traffic on the trail and people leaving behind trash.
"We're trying to meet their objections and concerns and work with them in partnership, to make sure that they are supportive," Flaccus said. "It's really a project that could also enhance their property because we're cleaning up invasive species."
Flaccus emphasized that there is no completion date in mind for the project, as planners are still assessing whether a trail is possible.
"We don't know the total feasibility of it. It's still a difficult place to build, so it may turn out not to be cost-effective to build along there," he said, expressing hope nonetheless that the project will work out.
H.S. Skiing: Mohawk Trail co-op posts standout performance at PVIAC Race No. 1
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Northwestern Wildcats 2017 Spring Football Preview
Matt Fortuna
Pat Fitzgerald
It may be hard to believe, but Pat Fitzgerald officially begins Year 12 in charge of Northwestern's football program Tuesday, as the Wildcats commence spring practice. And when better to start camp than on Feb. 21, when Chicago-area temperatures are in the 60s? (Seriously.)
The Wildcats hope to carry some momentum from their Pinstripe Bowl upset over Pitt in December, which lifted them to a 7-6 campaign. That came after a 10-win 2015 season, meaning the 'Cats have reached postseason play in seven of the past nine years.
There is no shortage of questions this time of the year, especially for a team losing its best player on each side of the ball. So let's look at the top questions facing Northwestern this spring.
5 Storylines to Watch in Northwestern's Spring Practice
1. Who steps up in the middle of the defense with Anthony Walker gone?
Walker was a generational player for the Wildcats, as he became the first Northwestern player in 20 years to leave early for the draft after a 105-tackle season in 2016. The middle linebacker also fought through injury to force four fumbles, notch one interception, tally six quarterback hurries and record two sacks among his 10 tackles for a loss. Nate Hall figures to be the first guy to get a chance to fill Walker's shoes in the middle, as the outside linebacker is coming off a 2016 that saw him tally 73 tackles — six for a loss — to go with a pair of QB hurries.
2. Where does the receiving production come from?
Austin Carr set Northwestern's single-season receiving yards (1,247) record in 2016, and he tied for the single-season school record with receiving touchdowns (12). His 90 catches were the third-highest single-season mark in program history. Flynn Nagel, the team's second-leading receiver in 2016, is back after a 40-catch, 447-yard, two-touchdown campaign. But the biggest addition to the receiving corps won't be on campus until this summer, when Oregon graduate transfer Jalen Brown arrives after a 19-catch, 318-yard, three-TD season for the Ducks. Best of all, Brown has two years of eligibility remaining.
3. Clayton Thorson's growth
Thorson is on pace to be the rarest of breeds in college football: A four-year starting quarterback. As a redshirt sophomore in 2016, Thorson became the fourth player in school history to throw for 3,000 yards in a season (3,182) and set a school single-season record with 22 TD passes. He already has a lot of football under his belt, and having a stabilizing presence under center is a luxury. Northwestern was an impressive fourth in the Big Ten last season in passing offense.
4. What does Justin Jackson do for an encore?
Jackson may be the king at making something out of nothing, and his 224 rushing yards in a Pinstripe Bowl MVP performance left viewers wondering if he might leap to the NFL early — something Jackson and Fitzgerald playfully discarded at the postgame press conference. Still, with Carr gone, other playmakers need to step up, or else the Wildcats risk relying too heavily on Jackson, who has three straight 1,000-yard rushing seasons.
5. Can the 'Cats' secondary capitalize once again?
Northwestern picked off 16 passes in 2016, tied for third in the Big Ten. And players accounting for 15 of those picks return in 2017, meaning this could be an opportunistic unit once again. Of course, so much goes into forcing turnovers, so it's hard to predict these types of seasons. But with junior corner Montre Hartage (five picks in 2016), redshirt junior safety Jared McGee (three) and senior safety Godwin Igwebuike (two) all back, this secondary could be very, very difficult to make plays against. Igwebuike in particular is a star coming off a season that saw him lead the team in tackles (108) and break up seven passes — while also showing the ability to blow up plays in the backfield, with six TFLs.
Northwestern's Pre-Spring Outlook in the Big Ten
The Big Ten West is usually a crapshoot. You can typically pencil in Wisconsin as a reliable annual contender, and in any given year, Northwestern, Iowa or Nebraska is capable of making a run at the division crown, too — albeit rarely all in the same year. There's no reason to think that the Wildcats can't make a run in 2017, as they return a seasoned QB and a very talented defense. The biggest questions will be if the offensive line matures and if enough playmakers step up to take a load off of running back Justin Jackson. But with Purdue and Minnesota breaking in new head coaches and with Illinois very young, the Cats have to feel good about their place in the division pecking order — amid a crowded but vulnerable top half, all with a chance of breaking through and stealing the crown that has belonged to the Badgers in two of the past three years.
— Written by Matt Fortuna, who is part of the Athlon Contributor Network and spent six seasons covering college football for ESPN.com. Fortuna's work has been honored by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) and U.S. Basketball Writers Association (USBWA) seven times. Follow him on Twitter @Matt_Fortuna and like his Facebook page.


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Home CRYPTO NEWS Asian Investors To Get Into European Crypto Market After Acquiring ABCC Exchange
Asian Investors To Get Into European Crypto Market After Acquiring ABCC Exchange
Singapore-built ABCC Exchange has revealed that speculators for an undisclosed group have acquired it after securing a large control of the organization. Apart from the Asian country, the exchange has workplaces in Gibraltar and Malta and the latest move will enable the Asian investors to enter the European market. In the second half of 2018, the website was among the top 10 Cryptocurrency exchanges by trading volume.
ABCC Exchange Gets New Owners
According to the Crypto trading platform, a consortium of speculators working for the group is now in control of the organization after the deal. CoinMarketCap has reported the trade as the 71st largest Crypto trade. The new group wants to scale the exchange into a global brand.
Identities Of The Consortium Revealed
According to an announcement from the trade, Calvin Cheng and Eric Cheng are the two men behind the consortium. Eric Cheng is a renowned Singaporean financial exchange while Calvin Cheng is ABCC's fellow benefactor. No more details about the exchange have been given by the organization.
The two investors have been involved in the Crypto sector several times previously. Calvin Cheng played a major role in convincing a Hong Kong-based consortium to invest in the exchange, which was once the most established Cryptocurrency trading platform. In May last year, Eric Cheng spent $50 million to acquire BitTrade. The move made him 100 percent owner of the Japan-enlisted exchange. After some time, he sold most of his shares to Huobi, a Chinese Crypto trade.
While speaking about the acquisition, the group said that it will work towards enabling the ABCC exchange to reach a larger market. Specifically, the group will first target the European and Asian markets. Recently, Asia has emerged as an important market due to Crypto-friendly regulations in most of the countries. Europe is slowly following Asia with the number of countries embracing Cryptocurrencies and introducing warm regulations growing.
In a comment, Eric Cheng said that given that the exchange is globally renowned, he is confident in its future. He added that the website is well-established in Europe hence worth the effort and money. The investor also noted that ABCC is among the largest Cryptocurrency exchanges in the world and they will only work towards making it even bigger.
About ABCC Exchange
ABCC is a renowned exchange that enables people to buy and sell different Cryptocurrencies. Although the platform does not support fiat transactions, it offers an over-the-counter (OTC) option thereby making it easy for its users to buy or sell Ether or Bitcoin for Euros or US dollars.
In other Asian news, the much-publicized Binance Blockchain Week in Singapore has ended. A huge number of attendants graced the event that took several days. The high number of prominent companies and people in attendance was a demonstration of the growing popularity of the industry. Given the poor performance of most coins in the past year or so, the conference played a major role in giving the Crypto community the much-needed assurance that the industry is here to stay.
ABCC Exchange
Calvin Cheng
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Sam Mitchell is a Best ICO For You contributor. She comes to the team with extensive writing and Social Media experience covering a wide variety of genres from book reviews, Whitepapers, blogs, guides to news pieces...and more. Sam has been a Freelance Writer for 14 years, working with many different clients. You can get in touch with Sam at www.stmwritingsolutions.com
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