text:
One archaeologist reported finding a Roman coin with Julius Caesar's image on it, dated 21 B.C. Another archaeologist correctly asserted that the find was a fraud. Why?
Solution: Prior to the start of B.C. coins were not minted with B.C. – it wasn't a known abbreviation
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Suria Campus Cheras
As yet another year draws to a close; R.E.A.L International School, Cheras Campus (RISS) celebrated its annual Christmas Mufti Day with a host of fun and festive activities. Held at the end of November, the morning of the event saw the campus grounds echo with the harmonious and delightful sounds of classic Christmas carols sung by a group of selected RISS students and teachers.
The fun continued with an exhilarating treasure hunt activity which was not only enjoyable, but also mentally stimulating as participants had to scrutinize their surroundings in order to unravel clues which would help them in their quest for the 'treasure'. This was followed by the day's main event when all the students assembled at the school's Performing Arts Room to witness a string of song and dance performances. Spreading the Christmas spirit and cheer further during the assembly was a snowman-making competition, with prizes given out to the best snowman as well as winners of the treasure hunt.
Hungry for more, a mini carnival was also held to satisfy students' craving for festive food and drinks, games, song dedications and photo-taking. The various booths set up offered an array of carnival favourites for sale such as popcorn, cupcakes, root beer floats, marshmallows and cookies, among others. Meanwhile, games like 'Snowman Toss', 'Pin the Nose on Rudolph', 'Feed the Snowman' and 'Ping Pong Toss' added to the excitement as students eagerly queued up to try their hand at them.
The song dedication segment made the day even more special. A week prior to the celebration, students were asked to submit their list of chosen songs and dedications to their teachers and friends in order to be aired by the DJ on the event day itself. As the students sang along to their requested songs, a photo booth was also on hand for the youngsters to keep lasting memories of such priceless school moments. All in all, the festive celebration was a fitting finale for RISS to bid farewell to 2016 and hello to 2017.
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text:
Portable Power Storage with ReadySet
The Fenix ReadySet was named as one of Popular Science's Green products of the year for 2012.
The ReadySet portable base station can draw and store energy from a number of sources: A 15-watt solar panel charges its battery in seven hours. Next year, Fenix will release a kinetic generator, which can help a bicyclist do the same in less than an hour, along with micro hydro and wind generators. The company also released a power API and developer platform, ensuring that entrepreneurs can extend the system's capabilities even further
If you're a long time Mapawatt reader, you know we're big fans of human bicycle power production and investigating how much power a human can generate on a bike, but the thing that has been lacking has been a seamless integration between the bicycle generator stand and an electrical energy storage device. With the Fenix ReadySet and their soon to be released Velo Bicycle Generator they seem to solve the problem. From their website on the section for charging the portable storage unit:
The Velo is a powerful 100W peak kinetic generator that installs on most single speed bicycles in seconds and fully charges the ReadySet in just under an hour. The Velo provides reliable and economical on-demand power anytime and anywhere. Just 5 to 10 minutes of pedaling produces enough electricity to fully charge a mobile phone or power an LED light for over two hours (Usage ratios may vary depending on bicycle pedaling speed, the size of your mobile phone battery or the power of the lighting product).
The ReadySet is mainly targeted for areas without electrical grid connection who need power storage for lighting or powering portable devices, but I can see many clean energy enthusiasts and/or cyclists who would be excited about this device. If you're going to ride your bike on a trainer during the winter, why turn all that energy into heat when you can turn some of it into electricity.
bicycle power generation
portable power storage
Anonymous (not verified) Fri, 12/07/2012 - 14:44
good point for people that like biking might as well catch and use the energy that is being generated while it's being generated anyways eh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Why do C# struct instance methods calling instance methods on a struct field first check ecx? Why does the X86 for the following C# method CallViaStruct include the cmp instruction?
struct Struct {
    public void NoOp() { }
}
struct StructDisptach {

    Struct m_struct;

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
    public void CallViaStruct() {
        m_struct.NoOp();
        //push        ebp
        //mov         ebp,esp
        //cmp         byte ptr [ecx],al
        //pop         ebp
        //ret
    }
}

Here is a more complete program that can be compiled with various (release) decompilations as comments. I expected the X86 for CallViaStruct in both ClassDispatch and StructDispatch types to be the same however the version in StructDispatch (extracted above) includes a cmp instruction while the other does not.
It appears the cmp instruction is an idiom is used to ensure a variable is not null; dereferencing a register with value 0 triggers an av that is turned into a NullReferenceException. However in StructDisptach.CallViaStruct I cannot conceive of a way for ecx to be null given it's pointing at a struct.
UPDATE: The answer I'm looking to accept will include code that causes a NRE to be thrown by StructDisptach.CallViaStruct by having it's cmp instruction dereference a zeroed ecx register. Note this is easy to do with either of the CallViaClass methods by setting m_class = null and impossible to do with ClassDisptach.CallViaStruct as there is no cmp instruction.
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace NativeImageTest {

    struct Struct {
        public void NoOp() { }
    }

    class Class {
        public void NoOp() { }
    }

    class ClassDisptach {

        Class m_class;
        Struct m_struct;

        internal ClassDisptach(Class cls) {
            m_class = cls;
            m_struct = new Struct();
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        public void CallViaClass() {
            m_class.NoOp();
            //push        ebp
            //mov         ebp,esp
            //mov         eax,dword ptr [ecx+4]
            //cmp         byte ptr [eax],al
            //pop         ebp
            //ret
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        public void CallViaStruct() {
            m_struct.NoOp();
            //push        ebp
            //mov         ebp,esp
            //pop         ebp
            //ret
        }
    }

    struct StructDisptach {

        Class m_class;
        Struct m_struct;

        internal StructDisptach(Class cls) {
            m_class = cls;
            m_struct = new Struct();
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        public void CallViaClass() {
            m_class.NoOp();
            //push        ebp
            //mov         ebp,esp
            //mov         eax,dword ptr [ecx]
            //cmp         byte ptr [eax],al
            //pop         ebp
            //ret
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
        public void CallViaStruct() {
            m_struct.NoOp();
            //push        ebp
            //mov         ebp,esp
            //cmp         byte ptr [ecx],al
            //pop         ebp
            //ret
        }
    }

    class Program {
        static void Main(string[] args) {
            var classDispatch = new ClassDisptach(new Class());
            classDispatch.CallViaClass();
            classDispatch.CallViaStruct();

            var structDispatch = new StructDisptach(new Class());
            structDispatch.CallViaClass();
            structDispatch.CallViaStruct();
        }
    }
}

UPDATE: Turns out it's possible to use callvirt on a non-virtual function which has a side effect of null checking the this pointer. While this is the case for the CallViaClass callsite (which is why we see the null check there) StructDispatch.CallViaStruct uses a call instruction.
.method public hidebysig instance void  CallViaClass() cil managed noinlining
{
  // Code size       12 (0xc)
  .maxstack  8
  IL_0000:  ldarg.0
  IL_0001:  ldfld      class NativeImageTest.Class NativeImageTest.StructDisptach::m_class
  IL_0006:  callvirt   instance void NativeImageTest.Class::NoOp()
  IL_000b:  ret
} // end of method StructDisptach::CallViaClass

.method public hidebysig instance void  CallViaStruct() cil managed noinlining
{
  // Code size       12 (0xc)
  .maxstack  8
  IL_0000:  ldarg.0
  IL_0001:  ldflda     valuetype NativeImageTest.Struct NativeImageTest.StructDisptach::m_struct
  IL_0006:  call       instance void NativeImageTest.Struct::NoOp()
  IL_000b:  ret
} // end of method StructDisptach::CallViaStruct

UPDATE: There was a suggestion that the cmp could be trapping for the case where a null this pointer was not trapped for at the call site. If that were the case then I'd expect the the cmp to occur once at the top of the method. However it appears once for each call to NoOp:
struct StructDisptach {

    Struct m_struct;

    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
    public void CallViaStruct() {
        m_struct.NoOp();
        m_struct.NoOp();
        //push        ebp
        //mov         ebp,esp
        //cmp         byte ptr [ecx],al
        //cmp         byte ptr [ecx],al
        //pop         ebp
        //ret
    }
}

A: Short answer:  The JITter cannot prove that the struct is not referenced by a pointer, and must at least dereference at least once on every call to NoOp() for correct behavior.

Long answer:  Structs are weird.
The JITter is conservative.  Wherever possible, it can only optimize the code in ways that it can be absolutely certain produce correct behavior.  "Mostly-correct" isn't good enough.
So now here's an example scenario that would break if the JITter optimized away the dereference.  Consider the following facts:
First:  Remember that structs can (and do!) exist outside C# — a pointer to a StructDispatch could come from unmanaged code, for example.  As Lucas pointed out, you can use pointers to cheat; but the JITter can't know for sure that you aren't using pointers to StructDispatch somewhere else in the code.
Second:  Remember that in unmanaged code, which is the biggest reason structs exist in the first place, all bets are off.  Just because you just read a value from memory doesn't mean it'll be the same value or even be a value the next time you read that same exact address.  Threading, and multiprocessing, can literally have something change that value on the next clock tick, to say nothing of non-CPU actors like DMA.  A parallel thread could VirtualFree() the page that contains that struct, and the JITter has to guard against that.  You asked for reads from memory, so you get reads from memory.  My guess is that if you kicked in the optimizer, it would remove one of those cmp instructions, but I highly doubt that it would remove both.
Third:  Exceptions are real code too.  NullReferenceException doesn't necessarily stop the program; it can be caught and handled.  That means that from the JITter's perspective, NRE is more like an if-statement than a goto:  It's a kind of condition branch that must be handled and considered on every memory dereference.
So now put those pieces together.
The JITter doesn't know — and can't know — that you're not using unsafe C# or an external source somewhere else to interact with StructDispatch's memory.  It doesn't produce separate implementations of CallViaStruct(), one for "probably safe C# code" and one for "possibly risky external code;" it produces the conservative version for possibly risky scenarios, always.  This means that it can't just cut out calls to NoOp() in full, because there's no guarantee that StructDispatch isn't, say, mapped to an address that isn't even paged into memory.
It knows that NoOp() is empty and can be elided (the call can go away), but it at least has to simulate the ldfla by poking the memory address of the struct, because there could be code depending on that NRE being raised.  Memory dereferences are like if-statements:  They can cause a branch, and failing to cause a branch may result in a broken program.  Microsoft can't make assumptions and just say, "Your code shouldn't rely on that."  Imagine the angry phone call to Microsoft if an NRE wasn't written to a business's error log just because the JITter decided it wasn't an "important enough" NRE to trigger in the first place.  The JITter has no choice but to dereference that address at least once to ensure correct semantics.

Classes don't have any of these concerns; there's no enforced memory weirdness with a class.  But structs, though, are quirkier.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Happy Nonfiction Monday! L.L. Owens has got the roundup, so head over there to see what nonfiction the Kidlitosphere is reading this week.
I'm going to a school this week to do some booktalks and they requested some materials for Women's History Month. I did similar booktalks last year, but here's what I'm taking this year.
I'll Pass for Your Comrade by Anita Silvey. During the Civil War, women were not allowed to fight, but many of them donned men's clothes and joined the army anyway. They had lots of reasons - some followed husbands or brothers, some wanted the bounty given to soldiers, and still others were so passionate about the cause that they felt compelled to do their part. In I'll Pass for Your Comrade, we learn how women disguised themselves, how they kept their secrets, and what happened to them if they were found out. The text is highly readable and it's accompanied by tons of great photos that bring these women to life. This is a great one for history buffs.
You Wouldn't Want to Be a Suffragist: A Protest Movement That's Rougher Than You Expected by Fiona MacDonald. Think you know about American women's fight for the right to vote? It may have been a lot rougher than you think! Women went to great lengths to make their voices heard. Some set fire to mailboxes or assaulted police officers; many spent time in jail. This cartoon history gives an overview of the struggle for suffrage and many of the women who fought for equal rights.
Our Eleanor: A Scrapbook Look at Eleanor Roosevelt's Remarkable Life and The Linco lns: A Scrapbook Look at Abraham and Mary, both by Candace Fleming. Okay, there are lots of biographies of Eleanor Roosevelt and of Abraham Lincoln, but these books are pretty unique. They're each done in a scrapbook format, collecting lots of little stories and anecdotes like you might in a scrapbook. The thing I really like about this is that you can skip around and read the parts that interest you. Eleanor Roosevelt is obviously a very important woman in history. And I include a book about the Lincolns because Candace Fleming's written a book that puts the woman back into the story.
Looking for more books for Women's History Month? Check out the Amelia Bloomer Project and Wild Rose Reader's list of resources.
I am making a list of these books. When my daughter and I read her history book together, she often asks, "But what about the girls?" We have found some titles on the contributions women have made in history, but we're always looking for more!
These look like great books for our school library. Thanks for highlighting them!


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text:
Muhammad Yunus Is A Decades-Long Clinton Friend And A Nobel Prize Winner. Donations Aren't Why She Met With Him.
The "Scandal" Requires Reducing International Business And Non-Profit Leaders To "Clinton Foundation Donors"
Written by Matt Gertz
The Associated Press is reporting that "more than half the people outside the government who met with Hillary Clinton while she was secretary of state gave money - either personally or through companies or groups - to the Clinton Foundation" and scandalizing the information as "an extraordinary proportion indicating her possible ethics challenges if elected president." That report is currently rocketing through the media.
This level of media hysteria would make sense if favors were being granted to individuals because they were donors. But that speculation falls apart when the story gets down to specific cases, because many Clinton Foundation donors are internationally prominent figures in the business or non-profit worlds – the very sort of people one would expect to be meeting with a secretary of state in any administration.
According to the AP's review of State Department calendars released to the organization so far, covering roughly half of Clinton's tenure at State, "[a]t least 85 of 154 people from private interests who met or had phone conversations scheduled with Clinton while she led the State Department donated to her family charity or pledged commitments to its international programs."
So who are these Clinton Foundation donors that the AP notes met with Clinton? Famed Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus is one, and eleven paragraphs of the AP story detail meetings and interactions between the internationally known figure and Clinton and her staff over assistance he sought that was first reported last October.
Yes, Yunus-controlled organizations have donated between $125,000 and $300,000 to the Clinton Foundation, mostly as annual fees to attend Clinton Global Initiative meetings. But it's completely absurd to suggest that "Clinton Foundation donor" is a major part of Yunus' identity, or the reason why he might command attention from the secretary of state.
As the AP notes, Yunus "won the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize for pioneering low-interest 'microcredit' for poor business owners." He is a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He is incredibly well-credentialed and almost universally celebrated. According to the Financial Times, beginning in 2007, tensions began between Yunus and Bangladesh's government when Yunus "suggested he might establish his own political party to clean up Bangladesh's public life." Yunus was ultimately forced out of his managing director position at Grameen Bank in 2011 just months after the prime minister publicly denigrated microlenders as "bloodsuckers of the poor." During that period, Clinton repeatedly received requests for help from Yunus, spoke with him on the phone, and after he was ousted met with him and publicly urged the government to halt their efforts to "seize control of Grameen Bank's effort to find new leaders."
And this wasn't Clinton's first encounter with Yunus - the Clintons have ties to the economist that go back decades before the foundation even existed. They brought Yunus to Arkansas in 1983 to learn more about how microfinance could be used in the state, and Bill Clinton talked about his work during his 1992 presidential campaign.
Politico's Blake Hounshell pointed out the oddity of portraying Yunus as a "Clinton crony" rather than a victim deserving of Clinton's aid:
BTW, it is weird to present Muhammad Yunus as a Clinton crony rather than a victim of Bangladeshi gov't persecution https://t.co/8zABW76Rxh
— Blake Hounshell (@blakehounshell) August 23, 2016
In addition to Yunus, here are the other people who met with Clinton detailed in the report:
S. Daniel Abraham, the "billionaire behind the Slim-Fast diet and founder of the Center for Middle East Peace."
Stephen Schwarzman, chairman of the Blackstone Group, one of the largest private equity companies in the world, with a massive charitable giving arm to match.
Nancy Mahon "of the MAC AIDS, the charitable arm of MAC Cosmetics, which is owned by Estee Lauder," whom the AP suggests met with Clinton to discuss "a State Department partnership to raise money to finance AIDS education and prevention."
Estee Lauder CEO Fabrizio Freda, whose "company made a commitment to CGI in 2013 with four other organizations to help survivors of sexual slavery in Cambodia."
All are Clinton Foundation donors or work for organizations that have donated to the Clinton Foundation. But they are also exactly the sort of people you would expect to meet with any secretary of state. The suggestion of malfeasance only makes sense if you ignore any reason Clinton could have to meet with these individuals other than their status as donors to an international charity.
Deferential coverage of Pence's misplacement of classified materials stands in stark contrast to criticism of Biden
Mainstream reporting is forcing political drama into developing Biden documents story


I am a survey methodologist and digital sociologist in the Digital Technology and Society program in RTI International's Survey Research division. My overall program of research focuses on the implications of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for social relationships and digital inequalities in people's social, psychological, and economic well-being. I examine how people use ICTs to maintain their personal networks and engage in public affairs. Specifically, I study how factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and digital skills differentiate these mediated communication practices. I also study how such behavioral patterns may relate to ICT users' life outcomes.
Survey methodology is one of my well-trained and favorite tool-kits in quantitative research methods. My expertise includes developing mixed-method research, designing traditional and Web-based questionnaires, and integrating digital technologies into survey design. My methodological research focuses on how to incorporate new communication technologies such as mobile phones and social media into questionnaires as a form of recall aids to improve the data quality of personal network surveys (a dissertation supervised by Dr. Peter Miller at the U.S. Census Bureau). I also created EgoGalaxy (implemented by Audacious Software), a Web survey tool that implements the best practices of the question design for personal network data collection.
I received my doctoral degree from the Media, Technology & Society program, at Northwestern University's School of Communication. During my time at Northwestern, I have worked on projects with Prof. Eszter Hargittai looking at theoretical perspectives of digital inequality, methodological recommendations for measuring people's Web-use skills in different survey length, and the relationship between Web-use skills and the level of engagement on social network sites. I am also affiliated with Nonprofit Network for Social Impact, working with Prof. Michelle Shumate investigating the hyperlinking strategies used by nonprofit organizations for connecting with their corporate partners on their websites and the extent to which such hyperlink networks may reflect the nonprofit-corporate partnership networks. Prior to my study at Northwestern, I received a MA in sociology from University of Illinois at Chicago and another MA in social informatics from Yuan-Ze University in Taiwan.


text:
← How Courtly Love Betrayed Anne Boleyn
"There Was Never Such a Whore": The Downfalls of Queens Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard →
13 responses to "An Argument for the Authenticity of Anne's May 6th Letter to Henry"
Robin Maxwell
What a brilliant post! How this letter found among Cromwell's things slipped by me during my research for SECRET DIARY I'll never know. But to my ear it sounds like pure Anne. And it does have distinct similarities to the speech she gave at her trial. I'm with the 19th century biographers. Thank you for adding to my understanding of my favorite queen.
Susan Bordo
Hello Robin!!! It's been way too long since we talked. My term ends soon. Shall we plan a phone call? And thank you for the lovely comment!
Would LOVE to catch up on the phone once your term ends. Just give me a shout when you're free. I'm writing (a lot), but on no particular schedule.
antiwhitequeen
Reblogged this on AntiWhiteQueen and commented:
As I now can return to "The Tudors," I find Susan's post about this possible letter of Anne's very fitting. Enjoy!
Lisa Lo Paro
This post popped up in my inbox right when I was reading Ives's argument against the authenticity of the letter! It always hurts me to think she didn't write it, because I so want her to have written it. I'm still not sure what my own opinion is, but I really enjoyed your argument for its authenticity! I guess we'll never know for sure 😦
carischoices
Reblogged this on Cari's Choices and commented:
An interesting train of thought.
Thanks Lisa! And never say never….Who knows what may turn up?
Mary Judge
Brilliantly written argument and the letter does most certainly keep the timbre of Queen Anne's final speech. My question would be what personal gain would someone have in forging the mentioned letter? It seems to me that anytime someone forges a document, they do it to benefit somehow. And; if it was forged why did Cromwell keep it?
Good questions, Mary! The discovery of the letter was first mentioned in bios written during and after the Elizabethan period (first by Lord Herbert in his 1649 "The Life and Raigne of King Henry the Eighth" and then by Bishop Burnet in 1679), when Anne, as the mother of Elizabeth, was being looked on more sympathetically by Protestants. Burnet says he found it, along with Sir William Kingston's letters, "lying among Cromwell's other papers." But some thought it was planted there by an Elizabethan defender of Anne.
Thanks Susan, validating a person for religious conviction and justice could motivate a forgery. However, I am still leaning towards your reasoning that it is very possible that Queen Anne wrote the letter. I wish someone could pinpoint the date the parchment that it was scribed on.
lissabryan
If Anne didn't write it, she SHOULD have. I lean toward believing it's authentic and what we have is a copy made by Cromwell's secretary.
Before the 1731 fire that burned some of the remaining records, John Strype claimed to have seen a second letter from Anne in which she furiously rejected a plea bargain which would require her to confess. (Probably wise of her, because I believe Henry would have killed her anyway, and would have been delighted to wave around "proof" of her crimes.) Perhaps the original of Anne's "From the Lady in the Tower" letter was destroyed with it.
Pingback: An Argument for the Authenticity of Anne's May 6th Letter to Henry | The son of Louis Chapuys and Guigonne Dupuys, was a Savoyard diplomat who served Charles V as Imperial ambassador to England
Margery
I never could fully agree that the letter was not authentic. Personally, I feel like the Anne Boleyn I'm familiar with would never go down without putting up a fight, which in this case, may or may not be this letter.


text:
import os, sys
sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('.'))
import pqaut.server as pqaut

import PyQt5.Qt as Qt

class Root(Qt.QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super(Qt.QWidget, self).__init__()
        widget = Qt.QWidget(self)
        widget.automation_id = "widget name"
        widget.automation_type = "custom_widget"
        widget.setGeometry(0,0,400,100)
        self.show()

pqaut.start_automation_server()
app = Qt.QApplication(sys.argv)
root = Root()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
(UK) Leicester: Non-verbal boy left with no school place;"all school were full"/5 on wait list
Sept 2, 2020, BBC: Leicester family's shock over 'full' special needs schools https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leicestershire-53951046 (Central England) The family of a boy with autism has been left "shocked" at being told there is no school place for him. Vivek Saxena's family was told last week all schools in Leicester were full, despite applying for a place in December. The 11-year-old's grandmother, Nirmala Bhojani, said the news came after the "hardest ever experience" of lockdown. Leicester City Council said it had offered a home schooling package while it worked to find a vacancy. Vivek is non-verbal, does not sleep well and may bite and kick when angry. The family visited several schools last year and said "everything seemed positive". They applied for a place in December but then heard nothing. Many schools in Leicester reopened last week, days earlier than the rest of England. Mrs Bhojani said: "We waited and waited, and we rang them and they said, 'We will get back to you'. I think they just expected us to sit there forever. "When it got to last week and the schools started opening we got worried so we rang up, only to be told they were all full. "We were quite surprised, shocked and stressed out because having Vivek at home through the lockdown has been very difficult. "Having him at home for the last three months has been the hardest ever experience for his parents and myself." Leicester has seen the longest lockdown restrictions in England, after a rise in coronavirus cases in June, leading to schooling problems for some families. The council's offer of a home schooling package has been rejected. Waiting list Mrs Bhojani said: "It is a stupid suggestion as he is desperate to go to school. He has a routine and even gets his school bag and stands by the door at eight o'clock. "He needs that social interaction, he wants to be in the playground. He is fed up of being stuck at home." The council confirmed it had a waiting list of five children who have particularly specialist acute needs. A spokesman insisted they had been making "enormous efforts" to find a space and were in the "process of providing a bespoke remote learning education package" as an interim measure.


text:
Auschwitz Again?
Anti-Semitism on the rise. Young Jewish boys afraid to wear their yarmulkes on many European streets. Jewish businesses targeted. Jews being attacked and killed. Jews fleeing Europe.
The 1930's or 1940's? No.
The rebirth of Jew-hatred around the world should give us all pause. Iran is an existential threat to the state of Israel, as are the many Islamic terrorists/groups around the world. At least in their totality. Sadly, this is basically expected. But the diffusion of these people/groups/nations around much of the world is a new development. As is the fact that Israel's greatest protector, the United States, now appears- and acts- as if it isn't sure if Israel is deserving of its beneficence.
Incredibly, the vast majority in the West have been robotically tolerant of Islamists, despite the continuing litany of atrocities committed in the name of Allah. Many have not been as tolerant of Jews or even the existence of the Jewish state.
This is odd. The West loves the underdog, the downtrodden, the victim. We love to hate the rich, the 'one percent', those that have more than their fair share, life's 'lottery winners', 'Mr. Big', the New York Yankees and the New England Patriots.
Yet it is Israel that is history's biggest underdog. If an Underdog Hall of Fame existed, Israel would be a first ballot unanimous selection. Millions of Jews were exterminated in the Holocaust. Israel covers 0.0016% of the Middle East's land-mass. Israel covers 0.00014% of the Earth's land-mass, as opposed to, say, modern-day Russia's 11.48%.
At the ceremony marking the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, there was a notable absence. Russian President Vladimir Putin (Vlad the Impaler) was a no-show, even though the Red Army liberated the 'camp.' He was too busy accusing Ukraine of killing civilians "in cold blood" in their defense of the country he is slowly invading. Putin will eventually take the whole of Ukraine if he is not stopped. He will take other former Soviet slave-states as well. Poland, arguably a stronger backer of the Ukraine in this conflict than the U.S. (and therefore certainly much braver) and the site of the Auschwitz ceremony, could also eventually fall to the Russians…again.
We need to be clear on who the bullies are. Israel just wants to protect its tiny little sanctuary. It isn't threatening to invade other nations.
There exists a Biblical Prophecy regarding Israel, Russia and Iran, among others. It appears that it is coming true before our very eyes.
Total Square Miles On Earth's Surface: 196,939,900
Total Land Mass On Earth: 57,510,000 square miles
Russia: 6,602,000 square miles
Israel: 8,019 square miles
The rest of the Middle East: 4,991,981 square miles
Labels: Auschwitz, Israel, Jewish, underdogs
Silver...and Gold
Three Minutes 'Til Doomsday
An Inconvenient Fact
Our Heros
HealthCare.gov Is Here To Help!- A Sneak Peek Inside!
Affordable Health Care?
Attacks On Paris...And The Truth
Preaching Green
Special Driver's Licenses
Don't Eat Beef?
Can't See The Forest For The Trees
A Progressive Pledge?
Orangutans Are People Too
Progressive Regression
Genetic Gender Selection, What Could Go Wrong?
Limousine Liberals
Pols Push For Poles At Polls?
Democrats To Try Historic Filibuster In Attempt To...
The Dark Ages- 2.0
Scientists Discover Inception Of Conception!


US Debit Services provides a legal payment solution for the marijuana industry.
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Our system improves the point of sale through smooth, uninterrupted, convenient transactions. Customers stay at the counter, rather than leaving to obtain money from an ATM.
A traditional ATM is expensive to purchase and maintain.
© 2019 US Debit Services.


text:
Mourning Edgar Bronfman, z"l
Together with the global Jewish community, The Wexner Foundation mourns the death of Edgar Bronfman, zichrono livracha, of blessed memory.
Edgar was a rare and wise leader, a giant in the field of Jewish philanthropy as he was in business. He was a treasured colleague and friend to our chairmen, Abigail and Leslie Wexner. Find his full obituary here.
Edgar and Les shared a long-time and enduring commitment to Jewish pluralism, Jewish learning and to supporting Jewish leaders. Edgar Bronfman's legacy shall endure in the vast community he has inspired and influenced.
May Edgar's family be comforted among all who mourn in Zion and Jerusalem.


just encoding to 3gp and audio track in encoded movie plays about 20% faster then it should.
any idea ? bug or wrong parameters ?
" value of 10 frames per sample when the value should be 1.
" Has anyone else seen this?


The UNBC Men's soccer team will welcome the University of Victoria Vikes to open the 2018-2019 Canada West season, playing the first official game at UNBC's new home for varsity soccer, Masich Place Stadium.
Fresh off the best season in program history, the Timberwolves officially kick off the conference schedule on Friday, August 24th, in the first of two matchups against the Vikes.
Other highlights on the Timberwolves' schedule include hosting the Trinity Western Spartans over the September 7th & 8th weekend, a one-game visit to the Saskatchewan Huskies on September 16th, and a late September trip to UBC for a doubleheader with the perennially-strong Thunderbirds.
UNBC will wrap up their regular season schedule on the road on October 14th at the University of Fraser Valley. The TWolves played their final game of the 2017 season at the Cascades, and helped book their first trip to the Canada West playoffs.
Fresh off a 5-5-6 campaign in 2017, Steve Simonson's squad will look to keep improving on program records in wins, points, and goals allowed.
Again this season, CW is set to offer an extensive soccer webcast package via Canada West TV, the conference's official streaming platform. Over 150 conference soccer games were streamed in 2017, and all games will be available on demand this season.


A video of a group of Indiana teens is circulating around the internet after they fought off an armed robber while on Spring Break.
The group of kids, apparently cousins from Indiana, are getting a lot of attention for their bravery after fighting off a man who was attempting to rob them at gunpoint.
Apparently the teens were heading back from a Spring Break trip in Florida and stopped to get some gas before hitting the road. The men stood outside the car and chatted before a man jumped out of the car at the adjacent pump and approached them with a gun. The man appeared to be aggressive toward the men, showing them what appears to be a weapon.
To everyone's surprise, the men immediately took action, wrestling the man to the ground and eventually getting his gun. The Facebook video, which was uploaded on Tuesday, is getting a lot of attention.


This is a general sheet of references pertaining to the articles of ichthyology. Most of my articles and videos will cite main references within.
Allen, G. R. (1989). Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Neptune City, New Jersey: T.F.H. Publications, Inc.
Allen, G. R., Midgley, S. H., & Allen, M. (2002). Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth, Western Australia: Western Australian Museum.
Chen, L., DeVries, A. L., & Cheng, C. C.-H. (1997). Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish. PNAS, 94(8), 3811-3816.
Dawkins, R., & Wong, Y. (2016). The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Evolution. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Ellis, R., & McCosker, J. E. (1998). Great White Shark (Revised ed.). (P. A. Klimley, & D. G. Ainley, Eds.) Academic Press.
Eschmeyer, W. N., Herald, E. S., & Hammann, H. (1983). A Field Guide to Pacific Coast Fishes of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Etnier, D. A., & Starnes, W. C. (1993). The Fishes of Tennessee. Knoxville, Tennessee. USA: The University of Tennessee Press.
Fautin, D. G., & Allen, G. R. (1997). Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones. Western Australian Museum.
Graham, J. B. (1997). Air-Breathing Fishes: Evolution, Diversity, and Adaptation. Academic Press.
Grigg, G. (1965). Studies on the Queensland lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri. Australian Journal of Zoology, 13(3), 413-421. doi:10.1071/zo9650413.
Hastings, P. A., Walker, Jr., H., & Galland, G. R. (2014). Fishes: A Guide to their Diversity. Oakland: University of California Press.
Hayse, J. W. (1989). Feeding Habits, Age, Growth, and Reproduction of Atlantic Spadefish Chaetodipterus faber (Pisces: Ephippidae) in South Carolina. Fishery Bulletin U.S., 67-83.
Holtan, P. (1998). Pumpkinseed. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Fisheries Management.
International Game Fish Association. (1991). World Record Game Fishes. Florida, U.S.: IGFA.
Kemp, A. (1995). Threatened Fishes of the World: Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft, 1870) (Neoceratodontidae). Enviornmental Biology of Fishes, 43(3), 310.
Kotpal, R. L. (2010). Modern Text Book of Zoology: Vertebrates. Rastogi Publications.
Lomholt, J. P. (1993). Breathing in the aestivating African Lungfish: Protopterus amphibius. Advances in Fish Research, 1, 17-34.
Muus, B. J., & Dahlström, P. (1968). Süßwasserfische (Freshwater FIsh). München: BLV Verlagsgesellschaft.
Nakamra, I. (1995). Istiophoridae. Agujas, marlines, peces-vela. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K. Carpenter, & V. Niem, Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. (pp. 1186-1193). Rome: FAO.
Nakamura, I. (1986). Xiphiidae. In P. P. Whitehead, M. -L. Bauchot, J. -C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, & E. Tortonese, Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean (Vol. 2, pp. 1006-1007). Paris: UNESCO.
Page, L. M., & Burr, B. M. (2011). Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
Randall, J. E. (1995). Coastal fishes of Oman. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
Randall, J. E. (1996). Caribbean Reef Fishes. (3rd Edition ed.). Hong Kong: T.F.H. Publications Inc. Ltd.
Robins, C. R., & Ray, G. C. (1986). A Field Guide to Atlantic Coast Fishes of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Shark Trust - The Cooperative. (2016). An identification guide to sharks, skates and rays in Northern England waters. Shark Trust.
Shu, D. G., Luo, H. L., Conway-Morris, S., Zhang, X., Hu, S., Han, J., . . . Chen, L. Z. (1999). Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China. Nature, 402(6757), 42-46.
Tomelleri, J. R., & Eberle, M. E. (1990). Fishes of the Central United States. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kanasas.
Tortonese, E. (1986). Molidae. In P. P. Whitehead, M. -L. Bauchot, J. -C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, & E. Tortonese, Fishes of North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. (Vol. 3, pp. 1348-1350). Paris: UNESCO.
Whitley, G. P. (1980). G.P. Whitley's Handbook of Australian fishes. (J. Pollard, Ed.) North Sydney: Jack Pollard Publishing.


text:
andrew lownie literary agency
Current Submissions
Authors & Books
Around the World in 80 Words
It's hard to imagine how a tiny Bohemian spa town on the Czech–German border could ever have had much global significance, but there's an extraordinary etymological story hidden in Jáchymov, a town 90 miles west of Prague, that's matched by an equally extraordinary impact on the rest of the world.
Jáchymov—or Joachimsthal as it was originally known—grew up around a silver mine founded in the mid 16th century. The town's silver was of such high-quality that it was used to make coins for countries all across Europe, and the currency minted from Joachimsthal silver became known by the German name joachimsthaler in the town's honour. Over time, however, that name became understandably clipped to a more manageable thaler, then morphed into daler, and finally—after a hop, skip and a jump across the Atlantic Ocean—became the dollar we known and spend today. Long story short, arguably the most important currency in the modern world, as well as the currencies used in more than 20 different countries and territories around the world, all owe their name to an otherwise fairly unassuming spa town in modern-day Czechia.
The story of how Jáchymov gave us the dollar is just one of 80 different stops in Around The World In 80 Words, an etymological circumnavigation beginning and ending in London. Starting with the story of London's uncompromising Kent Street ejectment, the book's journey takes in destinations on every continent except Antarctica, stopping off to tell the stories behind an array of words and phrases derived from places across the globe.
Found here are the town in Alsace that gave us a word for an overuse of military power; the town in South Africa whose name came to mean "to remove from a position of responsibility to one of little impact"; the town in Russia whose name sparked a fierce argument among competing chemists; the island in Australia whose name inspired a 19th century byword for terrible behaviour; and the town in modern-day Iraq whose name has become a proverbial reminder that you can't escape your destiny. The stories behind canaries, turkeys and brazil nuts are all listed here, as well as why people are said to be shanghaied, sent to Coventry—and why the original Gotham City was actually a tiny village in rural Nottinghamshire…
Author: Paul Jones
On Submission
Rights Sold
UK: Elliott & Thompaon
US: University of Chicago Press
Paul Anthony Jones was born in South Shields in 1983. Graduating with a Masters degree in English from the University of Newcastle in 2009, his first book The British Isles: A Trivia Gazetteer (2012) was inspired by a university study into the origins of English place names. This was quickly followed by two guides to English etymology, Haggard Hawks & Paltry Poltroons (2013) – named as one of best language titles of the year by The Guardian – and its sequel, Jedburgh Justice & Kentish Fire (2014). Paul also runs the popular tie-in Twitter account, @HaggardHawks, which ha...
More about Paul Jones
North American rights sold in Around the World in 80 Words 22 Oct 2018
The University of Chicago Press have bought North American rights in Paul Jones's Around the World in 80 Words.
Paul Jones word book to Elliott & Thompson 16 May 2018
Elliott & Thompson have bought World English rights in Paul Anthony Jones's latest word book Around the World in 80 Words.
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text:
Lia Purpura (born February 22, 1964, Mineola, New York) is an American poet, writer and educator. She is the author of four collections of poems (King Baby, Stone Sky Lifting, The Brighter the Veil, It Shouldn't Have Been Beautiful), four collections of essays (Increase, On Looking, Rough Likeness, and All the Fierce Tethers) and one collection of translations (Poems of Grzegorz Musial: Berliner Tagebuch and Taste of Ash).  Her poems and essays appear in AGNI,<ref>[http://www.bu.edu/agni/authors/L/Lia-Purpura.html AGNI Online: Author Lia Purpura]</ref> The Antioch Review, DoubleTake, FIELD, The Georgia Review, The Iowa Review, Orion Magazine, The New Republic, The New Yorker, The Paris Review, Parnassus: Poetry in Review, Ploughshares. Southern Review, and many other magazines.

Life
A graduate of Oberlin College and the Iowa Writers' Workshop where she was a Teaching/Writing Fellow in Poetry, Lia Purpura is currently Writer-in-Residence at University of Maryland, Baltimore County in Baltimore, Maryland. She is also on the faculty of the Rainier Writing Workshop Low-Residency MFA Program in Tacoma, Washington. Recent visiting appointments include visiting faculty at the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference, the Bedell Visiting Writer at the University of Iowa's MFA Program in Nonfiction; Coal Royalty Visiting Professor at the University of Alabama's MFA Program; Reader/Lecturer at the Bennington Writing Program, and Visiting Writer at the Warren and Patricia Benson Forum on Creativity at Eastman School of Music.  She lives in Baltimore with her husband, conductor Jed Gaylin, and their son.

Awards
In 2012, Lia Purpura was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.King Baby (poems, Alice James Books, 2008) won the Beatrice Hawley Award and was a finalist for the Foreword Magazine Book of the Year Award and the Maine Literary Award.On Looking (essays, Sarabande Books, 2006) was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award and the winner of the Towson University Prize in Literature.Increase (essays, University of Georgia Press, 2000) won the Associated Writing Programs Award in Creative Nonfiction.Stone Sky Lifting (poems, Ohio State University Press, 2000) won the OSU Press/The Journal Award.The Brighter the Veil (poems, Orchises Press, 1996) won the Towson University Prize in Literature.

Her recent essays "On Coming Back as a Buzzard", "Glaciology" and "The Lustres" were awarded Pushcart Prizes in 2011, 2009 and 2007, and other essays were named "Notable Essays" in Best American Essays, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, and 2009.

Lia Purpura is also the recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship, a Fulbright Award Fellowship (translation, Warsaw, Poland), multiple residences at the MacDowell Colony, and a grant from the Maryland State Arts Council.

Discography

Collaborations

 The Poulenc Trio:  Creation, featuring Lia Purpura, poet, (Delos/Naxos, 2016)

Bibliography

Essays

Poetry

Collections
 King Baby (Poems) Alice James Books, 2008,
 Stone Sky Lifting (Poems) Ohio State University Press, 2000,
 The Brighter the Veil (Poems) Orchises Press, 1996,
 It Shouldn't Have Been Beautiful'' (Poems) Penguin Press, 2015,

Translations
  (Translation)

List of poems

Awards and honors
 2012: Guggenheim Fellowship in General Nonfiction
 2009: Towson University Prize in Literature
 2007: Beatrice Hawley Award
 2004: NEA Literature Fellowship in Prose
 2000: Associated Writing Programs Award in Creative Nonfiction
 2000: Ohio State University Press/The Journal Award

References

Sources
 Alice James Books > Author Page > Lia Purpura

External links
 NEA Writer's Corner: Lia Purpura
 Audio: Wired for Books > Lia Purpura
 Interview with Lia Purpura by Margaret MacInnis
 Interviews > Smartish Pace > An Interview with Lia Purpura > by Laura Klebanow
Guggenheim Fellowship
Bookslut:  Interview by Noah Charney
When Beauty Stretches:  Apercu Quarterly
The Journal: Ohio State University Interview
WYPR Maryland Morning.  Interview with Tom Hall
WYPR Maryland Morning :  Rough Likeness
Sarabande Books:  "Author Speaks"

1964 births
Living people
Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni
Loyola University Maryland faculty
Oberlin College alumni
The New Yorker people
American women poets
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American poets
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American translators
21st-century American translators
American women essayists
University of Maryland, Baltimore County faculty
University of Iowa faculty
University of Alabama faculty
Eastman School of Music faculty
People from Mineola, New York
Poets from New York (state)
20th-century American essayists
21st-century American essayists
Women music educators
American women academics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Messenger Chatbot - account linking and Facebook login with Passport Been having some trouble for the past week getting this link to work. Feel like I'm misunderstanding something from the flow.
What I'm struggling with was implementing the passport with passport-facebook. I want to include the passport.authenticate inside the same route as the account linking. Currently only managed to separate the two processes and having two logins. Looking to merge them.
As can be seen here http://recordit.co/osdMl0MUCL
Is there no way to do the passport.authenticate inside the link route ? Been trying with no success.
Tried to move the passport.authenticate inside app.get('/authorize but don't know how to handle the const redirectURISuccess = ${redirectURI}&authorization_code=${authCode};
res.redirect(redirectURISuccess);
I'm thinking would need to do this inside the app.get(/auth/fb/callback' ... but not sure how.
This is what I have currently
'use strict';
require('dotenv').config();

const express = require('express');
const router = express.Router();
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');

const http = require('http');
const port = '3000';

const passport = require('passport');
const FacebookStrategy = require('passport-facebook').Strategy;
const fbConfig = require('./oauth');
const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
const session = require('express-session');
    // used to serialize the user for the session
    // Not using these yet
passport.serializeUser(function (user, done) {
  done(null, user.id);
});

passport.deserializeUser(function (obj, done) {
  done(null, obj);
});

const Botly = require('botly');
const botly = new Botly({
  accessToken: process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN,
  verifyToken: '123123321' // the verification token you provided when defining the webhook in facebook
});

const app = express();

// Listen on the account link event
botly.on('account_link', (sender, message, link) => {
    // Continue conversation
  console.log('CONFIRMED AUITH', link);
  botly.sendText({
    id: sender,
    text: (link.status === 'unlinked') ? 'sorry to see you go' : 'Welcome'
  });
  botly.sendButtons({
    id: sender,
    text: 'Please Login Again :-) This time for real',
    buttons: [ botly.createAccountLinkButton(`https://${process.env.LOGIN_DOMAIN}/auth/fb/?senderId=' + sender/`) ]
  });
});
botly.on('message', (senderId, message, data) => {
  const text = `echo: ${data.text}`;

  botly.sendText({
    id: senderId,
    text: text
  });
  botly.sendButtons({
    id: senderId,
    text: 'Please Login :)',
    buttons: [ botly.createAccountLinkButton(`https://${process.env.LOGIN_DOMAIN}/authorize/`), botly.createAccountUnLinkButton() ]
  });
});

app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use('/', router);

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(session({ secret: 'its_my_secret', resave: true, saveUninitialized: true }));
app.use(passport.initialize());
app.use(passport.session());
app.use('/webhook', botly.router());
app.set('port', port);

/*
 * This path is used for account linking. The account linking call-to-action
 * (sendAccountLinking) is pointed to this URL.
 *
 */
app.get('/authorize', function (req, res) {
  // Passport setup
  passport.use('facebook', new FacebookStrategy({
    clientID: fbConfig.facebook.clientID,
    clientSecret: fbConfig.facebook.clientSecret,
    callbackURL: fbConfig.facebook.callbackURL,
    profileFields: [ 'id', 'displayName', 'email' ]

  },

  // facebook will send back the tokens and profile
  function (request, access_token, refresh_token, profile, done) {
    // asynchronous
    process.nextTick(function () {
      console.log('WATCH THIS: ', profile);
      return done(null, profile);
    });
  }));
  console.log('%%%%%%%% AccountLinking Testing');

  const accountLinkingToken = req.query.account_linking_token;
  const redirectURI = req.query.redirect_uri;

  console.log('%%%%%%%% /authorize called with accountLinkingToken %s, redirectURI %s', accountLinkingToken, redirectURI);

  // Authorization Code should be generated per user by the developer. This will
  // be passed to the Account Linking callback.
  const authCode = '1234567890';

  // Redirect users to this URI on successful login
  const redirectURISuccess = `${redirectURI}&authorization_code=${authCode}`;
  res.redirect(redirectURISuccess);
});

app.get('/auth/fb', (req, res, next) => {
  req.session.senderId = req.query.senderId;
  passport.authenticate('facebook', { scope: [ 'email' ] },
    {
      state: {
        senderId: req.query.senderId // senderId will be used after auth to reply to the user
      }
    })(req, res, next);
});

        // Redirection after login
app.get('/auth/fb/callback',
passport.authenticate('facebook', {
  successRedirect: `https://m.me/${process.env.app_name}`, // The webview I want to open if user logs in
  failureRedirect: '/somePage' // redirect to Messenger if failure
}));

const server = http.createServer(app);
server.listen(port);

A: I solved it I think. Probably not the best way to go about it though. I'm passing the account linked redirect URI to the callback route and resolving the passport.authenticate in there redirecting if needed.
'use strict';
require('dotenv').config();

const express = require('express');
const router = express.Router();
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const LINKED = {};

const http = require('http');
const port = '3000';

const passport = require('passport');
const FacebookStrategy = require('passport-facebook').Strategy;
const fbConfig = require('./oauth');
const cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
const session = require('express-session');
    // used to serialize the user for the session
    // Not using these yet
passport.serializeUser(function (user, done) {
  done(null, user.id);
});

passport.deserializeUser(function (obj, done) {
  done(null, obj);
});

const Botly = require('botly');
const botly = new Botly({
  accessToken: process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN,
  verifyToken: '123123321' // the verification token you provided when defining the webhook in facebook
});

const app = express();

// Listen on the account link event
botly.on('account_link', (sender, message, link) => {
    // Continue conversation
  console.log('CONFIRMED AUITH', link);
  botly.sendText({
    id: sender,
    text: (link.status === 'unlinked') ? 'sorry to see you go' : 'Welcome'
  });
});
botly.on('message', (senderId, message, data) => {
  const text = `echo: ${data.text}`;

  botly.sendText({
    id: senderId,
    text: text
  });
  botly.sendButtons({
    id: senderId,
    text: 'Please Login :)',
    buttons: [ botly.createAccountLinkButton(`https://${process.env.LOGIN_DOMAIN}/authorize/?senderId=' + senderId/`), botly.createAccountUnLinkButton() ]
  });
});

app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use('/', router);

app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(session({ secret: 'its_my_secret', resave: true, saveUninitialized: true }));
app.use(passport.initialize());
app.use(passport.session());
app.use('/webhook', botly.router());
app.set('port', port);

  // Passport setup
passport.use('facebook', new FacebookStrategy({
  clientID: fbConfig.facebook.clientID,
  clientSecret: fbConfig.facebook.clientSecret,
  callbackURL: fbConfig.facebook.callbackURL,
  profileFields: [ 'id', 'displayName', 'email' ]

},

  // facebook will send back the tokens and profile
  function (request, access_token, refresh_token, profile, done) {
    // asynchronous
    process.nextTick(function () {
      return done(null, profile);
    });
  }));

/*
 * This path is used for account linking. The account linking call-to-action
 * (sendAccountLinking) is pointed to this URL.
 *
 */
app.get('/authorize', function (req, res, next) {
  req.session.senderId = req.query.senderId;

  console.log('%%%%%%%% AccountLinking Testing');

  const accountLinkingToken = req.query.account_linking_token;
  const redirectURI = req.query.redirect_uri;

  console.log('%%%%% /authorize called with accountLinkingToken %s, redirectURI %s', accountLinkingToken, redirectURI);

  // Authorization Code should be generated per user by the developer. This will
  // be passed to the Account Linking callback.
  const authCode = '1234567890';
  // Redirect users to this URI on successful login
  const redirectURISuccess = `${redirectURI}&authorization_code=${authCode}`;
  LINKED.redirect = redirectURISuccess;
  console.log('redirect to this ', redirectURISuccess);
  passport.authenticate('facebook', { scope: [ 'email' ] },
    {
      state: {
        senderId: req.query.senderId // senderId will be used after auth to reply to the user
      }
    })(req, res, next);
});

        // Redirection after login
app.get('/auth/fb/callback', (req, res, next) => {
  passport.authenticate('facebook', (err, user, info) => {
    if (err) { return next(err); }
    if (!user) {
      console.log('bad', info);
      return res.redirect(LINKED.redirect);
    }
    console.log('good');
    LINKED.user = user;
  })(req, res, next);
  res.redirect(LINKED.redirect);
});

const server = http.createServer(app);
server.listen(port);


Generating all possible inputs — up to some maximum length — to a software system is one way of creating test cases, and this technique even has a name: bounded exhaustive testing. Back when we were doing Csmith, my then-student Yang Chen spent a while on a bounded exhaustive C program generator which was in fact pretty decent at finding compiler bugs and had the added advantage of not requiring a test case reducer: if you try test cases in order of increasing size, you're guaranteed that the first input that triggers a bug is already minimal. In the end, however, Csmith worked better and we dropped the exhaustive generator.
Lately I've been working on a little exhaustive LLVM function generator. (NOTE: be careful about running this program, it not only writes a lot of files but is also a barely-controlled forkbomb. It would be better to just download a tarball of its output.) Here I don't want to write about what we've learned using it, but rather about writing such a tool.
The first observation is obvious: the difference between a random generator and an exhaustive generator is simply the implementation of the choice operator: the random tool makes a random choice and the exhaustive generator makes every choice. Here you can see my choice implementation which uses fork() since it is simple and fairly efficient.
In other words, when the generator gets into a bind, it simply restarts an entire operation. As long as this will eventually succeed, there's no problem, and in practice a generator that can use this idiom will be moderately simpler than one that doesn't use it. For exhaustive generation there are two problems. First, wasting choices increases the generator's branching factor, potentially creating a huge increase in the number of states that must be explored. Second, the exhaustive generator might not even terminate, depending on what kind of "fuel" it uses. There's no problem if the fuel is the number of choices, but if we want to use a different, user-meaningful kind of fuel (LLVM instructions, for my generator above) then this idiom leads to an infinite fork loop.
In other words, we need to always choose from a densely populated range of choices and then expand the choice out to the original, sparser choice space. Why does this sort of thing happen in practice? Let's say that a function in the program we're generating takes two arguments that should be distinct. It's easy to generate two random arguments and then restart if they happen to be the same, but slightly harder to generate a random argument and then a second random argument that is guaranteed to be different from the first. The painfulness increases rapidly with the sophistication of the constraints that need to be respected. I'm not sure that it would have been possible to implement Csmith in the non-restart style.
The next issue is the balancing of probabilities that is required to create a good random program generator. This is really hard, we spent an enormous amount of time tuning Csmith so that it often generates something useful. Doing a bad job at this means that a fuzzer — even if it is in principle capable of generating interesting outputs — almost never does that. For example, the main value generation function in my LLVM generator is structured as a sequence of coin tosses. This is fine for exhaustive generation but creates an extremely skewed distribution of programs when used in fuzzer mode.
The final difference between random and exhaustive generation is that exhaustive generators end up being highly sensitive to incidental branching factors. For example, if my LLVM function generator is permitted to simply return one of its arguments (with the actual contents of the function being dead) the number of programs that it generates (for a given number of instructions) increases significantly, with no added testing benefit. Similarly, if we generate instructions that fold (for example, "add 1, 1") we get another massive increase in the number of outputs (though these are not useless since they test the folder — something that we might or might not be interested in doing). A massive blowup comes from the necessity of choosing every possible value for each literal constant. This is a bit of a showstopper when generating C programs but is not so bad in LLVM since we can limit inputs to be, for example, three bits wide.
In summary, although in principle a fuzzer and an exhaustive generator are the same program with different implementations of the choice operator, in practice the concerns you face while writing one are significantly different from the other. Neither is strictly easier than the other to create.
Would I be correct in thinking that exhasutive generation of programs that are free from undefined behaviour is a lot more challenging than in the case of random generation? For random generation it suffices to use things like safe math macros, and conservative effect analyses. But if one wants to really be exhaustive one would have to understand precisely whetehr a piece of code can exhibit UBs. I guess with a fast dynamic UB sanitizer this is possible, but in the presence of possibly non-terminating loopy code it could be hard.
I think of this as being essentially the difference between depth-bounded DFS and BFS.
This is only barely on-topic, but are you familiar with Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS)? I think of it whenever anyone mentions fiddly search problems. It's a new-ish family of search algorithms that are largely responsible for go (weiqi, baduk) playing programs improving from weak amateur level to fairly strong amateur over the last decade.
MCTS is a kind of best-first search where the evaluation function for non-leaf nodes is randomized. The descent from root to frontier is also randomized where subtrees with "more promising" nodes are preferred and subtrees that have received less computational effort so far are preferred. In go programs the non-leaf nodes (i.e. incomplete board positions) are evaluated by playing out many games with random moves and observing the win/loss ratio.
I have no idea whether MCTS would be useful for random program generation. I've had in the back of my mind to try using it for instruction scheduling and register allocation for a while, but I don't know if/when I'll get around to that.
But it ate all my RAM and didn't train anything up in a reasonable amount of time. I might need to get a good GPU. Anyway this definitely seems worth trying, as long as we don't mind most of the code being invalid.
Ben I'd be interested to talk more about this. Are you going to be at FCRC?
A while ago I read a pile of MCTS papers and got pretty excited about it but then somehow I lost the thread. It definitely seems promising but (if I recall correctly– this was a few years ago) there are some real questions about how to give feedback to the algorithm. The actual feedback metric of interest is bugs, but something like coverage should work as a weak approximation.
Lately I've been noticing how impressive afl-fuzz is using (if I recall..) more or less path coverage with path length == 2 as the coverage metric. Perhaps that's some sort of sweet spot.
By "pile of MCTS papers" I probably mean about 3, I should add :). But it would be fun to brainstorm a bit about this and see if there are some obvious things that need to be tried.
It doesn't say it can't work, but a smart ML PhD, his advisor, and I played around with MCTS for API testing for a few months and never could beat random if we evaluated fairly. But might have been the setting (python libraries) or our approaches. It was disappointing. We should talk at PLDI — we tried policy rollout to get cost down, which had a little (weak) promise, but haven't gotten back to it lately.
regehr: I actual saw the "Unreasonable Effectiveness" post before yours. It's what got me thinking.
NN/RNN training really likes to eat compute cycles. If you are interested in that direction, feel free to contact me directly and I might be able to put you in contact with some people who already have the tooling set up to play in that space.
The key problem was that in API testing, you needed to grab coverage information often to build a reasonable reward (only at the end of trajectories, of course, but you run a lot of trajectories), and this was expensive enough with coverage.py that just letting random go full-steam ahead was better. Probably not hard enough SUTs to cover, though.


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In their great adventure, they were assisted by Étienne Vatelot the luthier of renown who had quietly, in 1973, acquired an extraordinary ensemble comprised of four instruments made in the mid-Nineteenth century by Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume. Two violins, a viola and a cello built in the same wood and that Vuillaume was known as the Evangelists, giving each of them the name of one of the four saints: John, Mark, Matthew and Luke.
This exceptional set, Étienne Vatelot didn't want it to be separate. Also he kept secretly, until the day he met the four friends of the conservatory of Paris, who had formed a small formation, the quartet Modigliani, and had begun to make themselves a very nice reputation in the world of chamber music.
One can imagine their excitement when they were invited to try the Evangelists in the workshop of the great violin-maker. Instruments the price of which was obviously out of their reach, and which was supported at the time by a Swiss foundation. It becomes too intervener in their career, they decided, successfully helping to change instrument for other older and even better quality. Helped by the luthier Pierre Barthel to find.
with four patrons who have bought while keeping jealously their anonymity Amaury Coeytaux can play with a violin of Guadagnini 1773, Loic Rio with a violin of Guadagnini from 1780, Laurent Marfaing with a viola by Mariani 1660, François Kieffer with a cello by Matteo Goffriller "ex-Warburg" from 1706. In short, they are in the great court! And their story continues then more than lengthy explanations we will deliver to you the "portrait" that has done for them and at their request the cartoonist Jochen Gerner.


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And summer break is such an awesome add-on!
Oh, OK. Does that apply to whiteboards too? Is there some 'ranking' to how likely some objects/interactions are to be used? From what I gathered by completely n00b-ishly and ignorantly poking through codes in Xamarin, there isn't, all objects are 'equal' in that sense. Oh, and also I saw 'computer - practice writing' there for Business, so I apologise for my perhaps=demanding sounding comment from before. I still wish businesspeople would not get writing skill from computer (the most 'business' object there is).
They're weighed equally, but there isn't a huge list of objects that teachers will be pushed to use, so they should give lectures often.
Sorry about the computer thing. I might consider adding an interaction that doesn't increase the writing skill in the future, but I need to take a break from modding before making any massive changes again.
Is this only for the education career or is it for that and for child and teen sims too?
so can you control what your children and teen sims do or is it just for adults?
You can control your child and teen Sims at school :) it works the same as careers where performance gain is based on what objects you're using.
cool so i wont need to have the education career from ambitions installed?
Nope! There won't be any teachers at the lot if you don't though, but the objects that increase performance should still work.
BTW, just a thought - why not put the mod up on MTS?
It does not give as much expression space as a blog does, but does good for publicity.
I'll consider it :D I can't do it right now because it would require me to take a lot of screenshots, but I'll do that later.
I really agree with Соња !
Well, if you know anyone who is willing to translate it then, you might get that translation. I doubt that Zerbu knows how to speak that language.
"Performance gain when in the best possible condition has decreased. Using work objects all day when in the best condition is now equivalent to using "Work Hard" in the rabbithole when in the best possible condition."
I mean, I can understand what that means ( it's not a linguistic problem ) but I can't understand what this change does clearly.
By the "best condition" I mean having all the performance requirements at the maximum value (mood, skills, etc).
i have a bug problem, my sims performance in the science career didn't go up once on one job day!!
What objects was it on? And do you mean the entire work day or just once?
Sorry, but should I can't fully understand. We can see who little Sims doing in school? How it works?
But, in order to make it a normal part of the jobs and not a part reserved for some "cases", you could give "the chance" in some days for sims to go around the town and make some tasks related to their job, not like a opportunity, rather as an event or an scenario.
I don't know if that could take a lot of code, but could be an excellent idea.
Are you planning on adding the three careers a sim can earn from University social climbing (Art Critic, Video Game Designer, and Sports Agent)? Just curious.
They seem to already be in.
Okay I see that those careers are in the menu at City Hall. But what are the object interactions for them? I know I am probably just not seeing them (PBCAK). Just nudge me in the right direction, please.
Not sure if the choice is the best, but you can mix-and-match and set them to act as different careers.
Okay, I see it now. (Ich bin blind aber nicht taub.) Thank you.
Perhaps it would be possible to 'work around' the part where their performance would not decrease by adding an interaction to work rabbithole 'do field work' where they could assign themselves for 'field work' AFTER they've arrived to work, then give them a certain time limit in which they should have completed that work before it would start being considered 'missing work'. I am not sure if I explained this well, probably not.
Listening to lectures and whiteboard presentations should already work. I'm not sure homework is a good idea though since that's supposed to be done at home, and doing it while you're already at school should be considered a penalty.
I would like to ask for the Art Appraiser to have a painting easel added to its interactive objects. The way it was presented in the rabbit hole version is it was a criminal activity. The sim was making forgeries. At least that is the way I was reading it.
What age setting do you use? It could be that some of the Sims aged up, or story progression pushed them out of town.
ZERBUUUUU! Translation for polish fans, to 3.3.0 version. Please add it now, okay?
I'm having a small issue that I can't figure out. I built a police station, set it as the preferred lot for the Law Enforcement Career, and even put a rabbit hole rug there, just in case. But my Sim is the only one working there. The mod works fine for my Sim, but he's the only one that shows up for work. Any idea why that might be?
- The fact that you have an extra rabbithole rug might be interfering in some way.
- If you have a story progression mod (for example NRaas StoryProgression) it's possible that you have no co-workers at all (not possible without a mod because by default everything changes around the active household, which means Sims would be automatically given the Law Enforcement career, whereas with a mod it's more focused on the town as a whole).
- If you do have co-workers, it could be that their work hours are different, since Sims in higher career levels get more days off.
I'll try removing the rabbit hole, though that is the only police station in the entire town.
I don't have StoryProgression, and when my Sim got his promotion to the second level of the career, his Partner stopped being his partner, so that last one may be the case, but I figured I'd see at least one or two Sims throughout the week between 9 am and 3 pm in a brand new town.
what is the separate turning file for?
The default one can be edited in S3PE to edit settings like how fast performance increases. The pre-made one enables a setting for university degrees to effect performance.
is that already the version 3 mod then?
ZERBU! Can U call me, how work schools? I can control kids in school? Huh?
Click on the City Hall, then "Zerbu", then "School Settings" then "Toggle Open Schools". Once that's done, schools will work the same way careers do.
Great idea but my sim children won't listen to lectures from the teacher. The teens do (only standing up) but the children don't.
Heads up, Zerbu! The mobile radio station didn't seem to be working for my education career guy, but as far as I can tell, the other objects worked. Since the weekend is here, I should have more time to play and test things out.
Thanks for the notifications O_O I've fixed it now.
Is it possible to download the career lots you have made?
I don't want to build my own.
Hello, I want to tell you, I've fin a bug: I've install the mod (I didn't have other mod installed), I enter to game and I pass the hours to go to work. When it reaches the time of the job, my sim goes to the site and like all the other sims does not come to their work, they are shut out. I check the hours of work and said that begins in a day or two, etc (depending on the day in the to return to work the sim). You know why is that? It happens with all of the work of the sims.
PS: I've tested with a new game, and with an already created.


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text:
Home / / Ruth Burke
Ruth Burke
Ruth Burke, who joined the school in August 2021, is a passionate and inspiring educator, with a career spanning more than three decades – teaching in Ireland, the UK and the UAE. During her career, Ruth has driven her schools to receive Outstanding ratings from the KHDA, and has a deep understanding of the International Baccalaureate education programme, which aims to develop students' intellectual, emotional, personal and social skills ready for a globalised world.
Having served as a principal at three Dubai schools – Jumeirah English Speaking School, GEMS Wellington International School and Deira International School, Dubai, during the last 13 years, Ruth has almost unrivalled experience of what it means to teach and manage schools in a truly multicultural environment.
Her achievements include improving academic outcomes, increasing attainment for UAE nationals, developing better parent/teacher communications, transparency and engagement, and achieving improvements across the board at all her schools.
Ruth holds a Bachelor of Education degree with Honours from Trinity College, Dublin and a Masters in Educational Leadership and Management from the UK's University of Bath.


text:
Henri Charles Antoine Baron, né le  à Besançon et mort à Genève le , est un peintre, dessinateur et illustrateur français.

Biographie
Henri Baron est le frère de Jules-Aimable Baron (Besançon 1814-Avanne 1899), dessinateur et lithographe, qui fréquente Tony Johannot et Paul Gavarni. Henri est l'élève de Jean Gigoux qui va fortement inspirer son œuvre. Il débute au Salon de 1840 à Paris, et sera médaillé plusieurs fois.

En 1843, il fonde avec Célestin Nanteuil, Eugène Prosper Leroux, Adolphe Mouilleron (1820-1881), et Louis Français, le périodique Les Artistes contemporains qui perdure jusqu'en 1847.

En 1846, le duc d'Aumale lui commande le panneau décoratif Chantilly au XVIe siècle, La Pêche pour sa chambre du château de Chantilly. En 1850, sa toile les Noces de Gamache est achetée par l'État. Il effectue régulièrement des voyages en Italie qui lui inspire de nombreuses œuvres.

En 1852, il épouse Octavie Bovy, fille du sculpteur-graveur suisse Antoine Bovy (1795-1877). Par ce lien familial, Baron participe à la restauration de la décoration du château de Gruyères (canton de Fribourg).

Ses œuvres sont également souvent exposées au Salon de Lyon. À partir de 1862, Henri Baron participe à la « société des Amis des arts » de Besançon. L'impératrice Eugénie lui commande la toile de la Fête officielle au Palais des Tuileries pendant l'Exposition universelle de 1867, œuvre exposée au Salon de 1868. Il présente L'Hiver à l'exposition universelle de 1878.

Il collabore régulièrement avec Louis Français (1814-1897) avec qui il cosigne certains tableaux et cofonde la revue Les artistes contemporains. Comme Gigoux, Français ou Célestin Nanteuil, il produit de nombreuses compositions, en particulier pour l'atelier du lithographe et imprimeur Bertauts.

Après avoir été nommé chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, Baron meurt le  à Genève, où il vivait en partie depuis son mariage.

Collections publiques
 Besançon, musée des beaux-arts et d'archéologie
 Les Noces de Gamache
 Dijon, musée Magnin :
 Ara et fruits
 Portrait de jeune femme dans un parc
 L'Escarpolette, aquarelle
 Chantilly, musée Condé :
 Chantilly au XVIe siècle, La Pêche
 Femme au bord d'une rivière respirant des fleurs avec un amour ailé auprès d'elle
 Paris, musée du Louvre :
 Femme debout
 Femme se reposant
 Scène de cabaret
 Deux jeunes femmes près d'une source, aquarelle
 Palais des beaux-arts de Lille :
 Fête de printemps en Toscane
 Soirée d'été en Italie
 Les Patineurs
 Musée national du château de Compiègne : Fête officielle au palais des Tuileries pendant l'Exposition universelle de 1867, 1867, aquarelle
 Musée des beaux-arts de Marseille : La Mère de famille
 Abbeville, musée Boucher de Perthes :
 Le Goûter de Monsieur; Jeune noble et sa servante
 Musée des beaux-arts de Tourcoing : Tête de femme, aquarelle
 Nevers, musée municipal Frédéric Blandin : Le Musicien ambulant, estampe

Galerie

Bibliographie
 Dictionnaire Bénézit

 .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Peintre français du XIXe siècle
Peintre franc-comtois
Dessinateur français
Illustrateur français du XIXe siècle
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur
Naissance en juin 1816
Naissance à Besançon
Décès en septembre 1885
Décès à Genève
Décès à 69 ans
Personnalité liée à la commune de Pregny-Chambésy


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From Awful to Merely Bad: Reviewing the Bank Rescue Options
Purchasing 'toxic' assets is no easy solution.
By R. Glenn Hubbard, Hal Scott and Luigi Zingales
Feb. 7, 2009 12:01 am ET
When Henry Paulson, President Bush's Treasury secretary, first introduced the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in Congress last September, we cautioned against using government funds to buy mortgages and mortgage-related securities from banks. After the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act was signed into law in early October, the Treasury decided not to buy these assets. Instead, it used the first $350 billion of TARP funds to inject capital first into nine systemically important troubled banks, and later into insurer AIG (as part of a refinancing) and auto makers General Motors and Chrysler.
This approach seems to have achieved (albeit at a high cost for taxpayers) its principal objective of avoiding a massive collapse of the financial system. But it has not yet resulted in an increase in bank lending or the attraction of new private equity to the banking system, both of which are important to reviving the economy. There now appears to be active consideration of using TARP funds to buy "bad assets" from the banks. Major problems with so doing remain.


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Short- term debt items are reported as part of current liabilities while long- term debt is typically reported under other liabilities, are broken out separately in its own section. A balance sheet is one of the major financial statements companies issue. You may also see a section on a balance sheet for long- term debt and notes payable. Capital structure is short looking at the company' s debt and equity. Assets liabilities , ownership equity are listed as of a specific date such. Long term debt is defined as debt that matures in a period longer than one year from the date of the balance sheet. Those principle short portions of each long term debt payments are referred to as the current portion of long term debt because they must be paid over the next 12 months.
Assets like liabilities on the balance sheet are often analyzed by short- term/ current short and long- term. The liabilities section of the balance sheet totals $ 150, 000. Short term debt balance sheet. Long- term debt is primarily included in the long- term liabilities. The balance sheet also called the statement of financial position is the third general purpose financial statement prepared during the accounting cycle. In financial accounting a business partnership, a balance sheet , private limited company , other organization such as Government , a corporation, whether it be a sole proprietorship, statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of an individual , organization not- for- short profit entity. " Again, this is a short- term liability so the company owes the price within one year.
Current liabilities appear on the company' s balance sheet and include short term debt, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other debts. Total Liabilities Are the aggregate debt and financial obligations owed by a business to individuals and organizations at any specific period of time. Current liabilities include things such as short- term loans from banks including line of credit utilization, accounts payable balances, dividends and interest payable, bond maturity proceeds payable, consumer deposits, and reserves for taxes. Total up all short- debt amounts listed on the balance sheet. Total all long- term debt listed and add the figure to the total short- term debt. Total all cash and cash equivalents and subtract the.
Short- term debt is an account shown in the current liabilities portion of a company' s balance sheet. This account is made up of any debt incurred by a company that is due within one year. A balance sheet is one of the core financial statements issued by companies.
Here' s what you need to know.


text:
Exclusive: Family of murdered socialite speaks out
Kate was a socialite, entrepreneur, philanthropist, but she was also a devoted daughter. Her family spoke exclusively with ABC7 about their loss and quest for justice.
"She was a person who had outer beauty, obviously if you saw her picture of her. But that didn't close to her inner beauty," the victim's father Bill Horan said.
That's how her family remembers the 46-year-old. Coincidentally, ABC7 also did a random interview with Kate on New Year's Day.
Horan was murdered in her second floor apartment on Russian Hill. Police won't say who, but someone called 911 at 3 a.m. Saturday and asked officers to check on her.
"Investigators believe a stranger walked up to the door of the victim's premises and knocked on the door and the victim answered the door," SFPD Public Affairs Officer Albie Sparza said.
The mystery is why would this happen in the safe Russian Hill neighborhood. You need a card or key to get into the apartment building. Unfortunately, there are no security cameras.
Horan and her mother had just returned from a trip to Argentina the day before her body was found.
"Here I had her for 11 or 13 days, 24/7 and it was a beautiful gift considering," Sharon Horan, Kate's mother said.
Horan's memorial service was Wednesday. Her good friend Patti Mangan recalls a poem that was read.
"One line that was written... is that Kate's brain had more branches than a eucalyptus tree," Mangan said.
Mangan says she was quick-witted, brilliant and philanthropic. Kate was on the boards of several charitable groups.
"When she was awake, she was trying to figure out how to touch someone, how to help someone. How to give," Bill said.
Investigators won't say how she was murdered, but they want your help in finding her killer.


Finland Visa Lottery 2018/2019-How To Apply For Finland Visa Lottery Form-It is possible for you to migrate to Finland without having to pay visa expenses when you can win Finland visa lottery 2018/2019. In this article we are going to be telling you everything you need to know as it regards to Finland visa lottery application form. The requirement to apply for Finland visa lottery and how you can apply for the ongoing Finland visa lottery.
Furthermore, Outside the snow, Finland is beautiful country with not more than 4.5 million people, Good standard of education, good economy and free from violence, So i advice you to take a trip to Finland is cool.
Here are the steps to register for Finland Visa application form.
All those who are citizens of Nigeria that are interested applying for a visa to Finland, you should note that, like most other states, Finland visas cannot be applied from the consulate of Finland in Lagos rather, all applicants need to apply from the embassy of Finland in situated in Abuja.
Interested applicants from Nigeria should be aware that like most other countries, Finland visas cannot be applied from consulate of Finland situated in Lagos, However, all applicants who wants to apply needs to apply from the embassy of Finland situated in Abuja (FCT).
For applicants who wants to reside in Finland you need a residence visa to stay in Finland for some time while if you plan to stay for longer period, you need to apply for a residence permit from Finland immigration through the embassy of Finland ABUJA. A Schengen visa can be granted for up to 90 days.
You need to be aware that the Finland visa fee is not paid through agent or personnel, the visa fee should be paid to the embassy bank account before you go ahead to schedule and appointment date. Such payment should be made in cash to any of the standard chartered bank in Nigeria or better still by international money transfer to the Embassy bank direct account and the receipt of payment should be scanned and attached to the e-mail and in that same mail you are required to request date of appointment.
Candidates are to know that in order to beat time, all visa application process should be done about three months earlier before the intended date of travel and the visa application is valid for three months for the application date.
All the supporting documents should be made ready both original and photocopies and should come along with it on the day of appointment and attached to your visa application form and the bio data page of passport. Note that all supporting documents can only be presented at the time of your interview.
Applicants are expected to present a transcript showing prove of fund to take of his/her self while in Finland.
A recent passport photograph, colored on white background taken without headgear.
Applicants should have e-passport which will still be valid three months after departure to Finland.
A complete application form dated and signed by the applicants. For minors persons, a legal guardian from parents or guardian signs on their behalf.
Applicants are expected to have a copy of flight reservation including return flight. Please do not buy flight tickets before you are issued a visa.
A copy of prove of visa application fee payments.