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Farmers hold tractor rally at Delhi borders
Rehearsal for Republic Day parade begins in Delhi
LGBTQ community organises 'Namma Pride March' in Bengaluru
Vijay Diwas celebrated with fervour
Nitish Kumar takes oath as Bihar CM
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Photos / News Gallery / Events Gallery
Last updated on - Dec 17, 2020
Here are the pictures from the Vijay Diwas celebrations...
Here are the pictures from the Vijay Diwas celebrations...Read Less
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Prime Minister Narendra Modi signs the visitors' book on the occasion of 'Vijay Diwas', which commemorates the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the National War Memorial in New Delhi - Photogallery
Prime Minister Narendra Modi signs the visitors' book on the occasion of 'Vijay Diwas', which commemorates the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the National War Memorial in New Delhi.
See more of : Vijay Diwas, Narendra Modi
Vijay Diwas, Narendra Modi

Prime Minister Narendra Modi pays his respect at National War memorial along with defense forces to pay homage on the occasion Victory Day, in New Delhi - Photogallery
Prime Minister Narendra Modi pays his respect at National War memorial along with defense forces to pay homage on the occasion Victory Day, in New Delhi.
See more of : Vijay Diwas
Vijay Diwas

Indian army officials perform during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020 - Photogallery
Indian army officials perform during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020.

Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command of Indian Army Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan salutes during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020 - Photogallery
Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command of Indian Army Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan salutes during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020.
Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command of Indian Army Lieutenant General Anil Chauhan salutes during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020. (

Indian army officials help General Shankar Roy Chowdhury (C), a former Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, to walk back during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020 - Photogallery
Indian army officials help General Shankar Roy Chowdhury (C), a former Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, to walk back during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020.

 Indian army officials perform during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020 - Photogallery

Indian army officials march during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata - Photogallery
Indian army officials march during a ceremony to mark 'Vijay Diwas,' which commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war that led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata.

Bangladesh Army Officers walk back after paying their respects during the 49th 'Vijay Diwas' commemorating the 1971 India-Pakistan war that helped Bangladesh's victory over Pakistan and become an independent country, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020 - Photogallery
Bangladesh Army Officers walk back after paying their respects during the 49th 'Vijay Diwas' commemorating the 1971 India-Pakistan war that helped Bangladesh's victory over Pakistan and become an independent country, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata on December 16, 2020.

Indian and Bangladesh army officers along with others pose for photograph during the 49th 'Vijay Diwas' commemorating the 1971 India-Pakistan war that helped Bangladesh's victory over Pakistan and become an independent country, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata - Photogallery
Indian and Bangladesh army officers along with others pose for photograph during the 49th 'Vijay Diwas' commemorating the 1971 India-Pakistan war that helped Bangladesh's victory over Pakistan and become an independent country, at the Eastern Command headquarter of Fort William in Kolkata.
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Canada is one of the largest countries in the world and moving here is the ideal of many foreigners, as the authorities here have eased the conditions for those seeking to immigrate. A particularity of Canada is the fact that many of its large cities do not have such a high population density which has led to the creation of various immigration programs by the government.
If you are interested in immigration in Canada, you can benefit from the support of our experienced lawyers who will explain the ways through which you can move to this country. We can also help you apply for any type of residence permit, in accordance with your needs, including applying for Canadian citizenship.
Entry visa requirement (from EU)
No for stays of maximum 6 months
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Types of visas available
Travel, student, work visas
Time frame for obtaining work visa (approx.)
Approx. 9 months
Validity of temporary residence permit 3 years
Time frame for obtaining permanent residence (approx.)
Permanent residence is available directly through specific programs or after 5 years provided that at least 2 years have been spent in Canada.
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Sponsorship requirement (YES/NO) Yes, under certain programs
Time frame for obtaining citizenship After living for at least 2 consecutive years (730 days) every 5-year period.
Citizenship/Residency by investment scheme availability (YES/NO) Yes, through Provinicial Nominee Programs
Tax benefits for expats Federal tax credits for certain categories of professionals
Types of visas available for immigration to Canada
At the moment, citizens from nearly 150 countries need to apply for visas when traveling or relocating to Canada for temporary or permanent stays. Because of this aspect, the Canadian immigration authorities have created various types of visas that match the needs of applicants. The following visas can be obtained if you want to migrate to Canada:
the visitor visa which, according to its name can be requested when coming to Canada for travel purposes;
the student visa which can be obtained based on a sponsorship or invitation letter from a Canadian accredited educational institution;
the work visa which is one of the most requested visas in Canada thanks to the many employment opportunities available;
the permanent residence permit which can be obtained after living in Canada for a specific period;
the business immigrant visa under which foreign investors can settle in Canada by starting a company;
the express entry visa which falls under the specific regulations of the program with the same name.
Most of these visas are issued for temporary stays and are issued for specific purposes which is why it is best to discuss with our immigration lawyers in Canada before applying for one.
You can also rely on us if you want to apply for Canadian citizenship.
How to apply for a visa for Canada
Canada is very different from other countries, and when we say different, we mean that in a good way because this country offers multiple choices upon filing a visa application. If we are to discuss options, the best immigration lawyer in Canada would suggest to first verify if you are eligible for the visa you want to obtain. Here are the steps you should complete in order to ensure a successful visa candidacy:
check all visa types and then make a decision on the suitable type of visa;
verify with a Canada immigration law firm if the chosen visa suits your interests;
gather the documents that need to be filed with the immigration authorities;
pay the visa fees and submit the documents with the Canadian Embassy or Consulate in your country.
You should also consider that if you plan to migrate to Canada based on an employment visa, the employer must also fulfill certain aspects of the application procedure. Our immigration lawyer in Canada can offer detailed information on how the visa application process should be completed.
You can find out more about immigration to Canada from the infographic below:
Immigrate to Canada as a worker
One of the simplest ways of immigrating to Canada is by employment, as this country has several schemes available at federal and provincial levels for those who want to obtain work visas. As a matter of fact, Canada is one of the most advanced nations in the world when it comes to immigration by employment.
Work visas in Canada are divided into two important categories: the open and the restricted employment permit, and each of them has various sub-categories. From these, the applicant can choose the option that suits him or her best. These can also lead to Canadian citizenship.
Skilled workers can benefit the most from the employment immigration programs developed by the Canadian authorities as they can move here under one of the following:
the Federal Skilled Worker Scheme;
the Canada Experience Class Scheme;
the Provincial Express Entry Categories Scheme.
All programs are based on point systems that are granted based on various aspects. Among these, the qualifications and the experience of the future employee are the most important, however, candidates can increase their chances if they immigrate with their families. Also, language knowledge and having other family members living in Canada can be used to increase the immigration score.
One of the most successful skilled worker visa schemes is developed by Quebec. Here, applicants can become permanent residents of Canada provided that they are economically stable enough to support themselves once they arrive.
Another employment-based immigration procedure is available for non-skilled persons who must first find temporary or seasonal jobs in order to apply for work permits. For this type of work visa, the applicant must have at least one job offer from a Canadian employer. The candidates must also have sufficient knowledge of the French or English languages, as well as 2 years of experience in the field they will work in.
Should you need information on how to obtain an employment permit here, you can request more information from our immigration lawyer in Canada who is specialized in such cases.
Our law firm can verify the eligibility criteria and help you with the application file for a residence permit in Canada.
Immigration to Canada through investment
Foreign investors can also immigrate to Canada, as the government supports investments which is why there are several programs dedicated to businesspersons committed to establishing themselves here by opening companies or making other contributions to the economy. Here are some of the business immigration programs available in Canada:
the Quebec Immigrant Investor Program ;
the Quebec Entrepreneur Scheme ;
the Quebec Self-employed Scheme;
the Provincial Nominee Entrepreneur Schemes;
the Federal Immigrant Investor Venture Capital Scheme;
the Federal Start-Up Visa Scheme.
The important aspect to consider when deciding to immigrate and obtain a residence permit in Canada based on investment is that there is a minimum amount of money to inject in the local economy. In Quebec, for example, the amount is 2 million CAD.
One of our best immigration lawyers can explain all the requirements associated with moving here under one of the investment immigration schemes available at federal or provincial levels, including the best way of obtaining a residence permit in Canada.
How to obtain a student visa for Canada
Canada is open not only to those who want to work or invest here but also to students who have plenty of opportunities when enrolling with local universities.
For those seeking to study for less than 6 months in Canada, the student visa is not a mandatory requirement, however, if deciding to extend the stay, it will be necessary. This is why our immigration lawyer in Canada recommends applying for student permits no matter the length of the stay.
The student visa can be obtained once a Canadian university, or another recognized education facility issues the letter of acceptance. It should be noted that the requirements for applicants from various countries, biometric information, and health certificates are required. This is one of the main reasons to ask for the support of a Canada immigration law firm if you are interested in coming here to study.
Once the student visa has been obtained, it can be renewed while still in Canada and the student wants to complete further courses. Also, full-time students can work in Canada on the campus of the university they attend. Moreover, once the program terminates, they can search for employment with local companies and apply for Canadian work permits.
Our immigration lawyers can guide foreign students who want to enroll in local universities and apply for a residence permit in Canada.
Family sponsorship as a way of moving to Canada
Foreign citizens who have family members living in Canada can relocate here if the latter act as their sponsors. In this case, family members are subject to several requirements. Among these, they must be at least 18 years old and must have the status of permanent residents or citizens. They must also be able to financially support the immigrant citizen who can be a spouse, child, civil law partner, parent or grandparent, and even brother or sister. Other relatives can also immigrate to Canada if they can be sponsored by a Canadian resident.
If you are interested in obtaining more information in this form of relocation, our immigration attorney in Canada can advise you.
Special immigration programs in Canada
When it comes to immigration, Canada is one of the few countries to have several programs dedicated to each category of migrants. These target workers, investors, and people who simply want to retire here. An interesting fact is that there are around 60 programs dedicated to those who want to immigrate to Canada, therefore foreign citizens have plenty of choices.
Among the most sought immigration programs available in Canada, we mention the following:
the Federal Skilled Work Program which grants most of the chances to successful immigration at a national level;
the Business Immigration Program which is made of several schemes and through which foreign entrepreneurs can start their own businesses in Canada;
The Provincial Nominee Programs are available for those interested in moving to specific Canadian provinces or territories.
The importance of these programs resides in the fact that they are a path to permanent residence in Canada.
If you want to migrate to Canada and cannot decide between two or more programs, our immigration lawyers can take you through the schemes you are interested in and help you decide.
The point score system for immigration to Canada
Most immigration programs in Canada rely on the point score under which applicants are assessed based on the points they make based on several criteria. This ensures a fair assessment of each applicant thus increasing the chances of a successful application to a larger number of applicants.
The main aspects considered when it comes to the point score system are:
language level for which a maximum of 28 points can be obtained;
work experience for which a maximum of 15 points can be awarded;
education which is subject a maximum score of 25 points;
age is also an important criterion which can bring a maximum of 12 points;
another 10 points can be obtained when immigrating with the spouse.
The maximum number of points that can be obtained is 100, while the minimum is 67.
If you have any questions related to the point score system, our lawyers in Canada can provide you with the necessary details.
How to choose an immigration program in Canada
As mentioned above, there are around 60 immigration schemes available for foreign citizens interested in moving to Canada which can make the decision quite hard. Also, it should be noted that some programs are created for limited periods of time which is why it is best to first check if a scheme is still available before applying for it.
Apart from these, the reason for which you want to immigrate is very important and our immigration lawyer in Canada can offer assistance in choosing a specific program that increases your chances of a successful relocation.
Foreign citizens can migrate to Canada for work and business purposes, however, family reunification is also possible for those who have other family members living here. In this case, the relatives living here must act as sponsors for foreign citizens.
There are various aspects to consider when deciding to immigrate to Canada, nevertheless, this is one of the most welcoming countries in the world when it comes to all nationalities. Canada also offers one of the most advanced immigration procedures in the world.
Services provided by our immigration lawyer in Canada
Our Canada-based immigration law firm can help foreign citizens of countries all over the world to move here temporarily or permanently. For this purpose, you will need to give us detailed information about you and the type of visa you are interested in. Based on that, we can help you select the right visa and start the application procedure. We will then provide you with the list of documents you need to prepare, and we will also inform you about the fees to consider. We will also review the documents and organize them as required.
Our immigration lawyer in Canada will treat each case individually so that all efforts go into your case and your request is treated with utmost importance.
Not only do we handle immigration procedures, but we also have a Canada immigration attorney who can handle visa rejection applications, asylum-seekers, and refugees who want to relocate here.
Immigration statistics in Canada
Canada is one of the most diverse countries in the world when it comes to its population, as there are many foreign citizens living here. At the level of 2019:
there were 313,580 foreigners living in Canada;
the number of women who moved here last year was 160,014;
the number of male immigrants was 153,566;
skilled workers represent the largest number of immigrants admitted to Canada last year – 77,860.
We have also created a video on our services, as you can see below:
FAQ on immigration to Canada
Are there any particular requirements to immigrate to Canada?
Yes, depending on the type of visa applied for and the immigration reason or program, there are specific requisites to meet.
What is the easiest way to immigrate to Canada? How about the fastest?
The easiest and fastest way to immigrate to Canada is the Express Entry Visa under which one can work and bringing family members to Canada.
How long does the immigration procedure take?
The immigration procedure takes between a few months and one year, depending on your country of residence.
How can permanent residency be obtained in Canada?
The minimum period of holding a residence permit in Canada is 5 years, out of which you will need to live here at least 2 in order to be considered for permanent residency.
What is the easiest province to immigrate to?
Each province has its own immigration schemes among which you can choose, however, most of them are in Quebec.
Canada is one of the greatest countries to move to and if you are in the process or are planning to apply for a visa, our immigration lawyer is at your disposal for guidance. We can help you obtain the type of visa you need in a fast manner. Contact us if you are interested in immigration to Canada.
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Call us to set up an appointment with Eugene Jakubov, our specialist in immigration matters. He is one of the co-founders of CBES and has an extensive experience in different legal and immigration matters.
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text:
SF leaders pleased, homeless activists angered as large tent camps vanish
Kevin Fagan May 29, 2018 Updated: May 29, 2018 3:14 p.m.
SF leaders pleased, homeless activists angered as large...
1of6A person's sneakered feet stick out from a tent along 5th Street on Friday, May 25, 2018 in San Francisco, Calif.Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
2of6Krystle Erickson and Brian Kitching pack a cart with their belongings as they relocate from Utah Street.Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
3of6Fifth Street between Howard and Bryant, which once house tent camps, is now clear.Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
4of6Crews work at the site of a future Navigation Center next to a freeway entrance on Fifth Street.Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
5of6Joseph Lewis' backpack sits at his feet as he stands in line outside the Multi-Service Center South homeless shelter.Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
6of6A Navigation Center is planned at this site on Fifth Street near a freeway entrance.Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
If it seems like all the big homeless tent camps in San Francisco have suddenly vanished, that's because it's true. City officials are delighted, and street activists are livid.
The transformation has actually been gradual, as a unified push by teams of street cleaners, police officers and counselors ramped up over the past year and a half to dismantle 30 of the city's biggest camps. Since the last large camps were removed last week in the southern part of town, none with more than 10 tents has been allowed to spring up.
Mayor Mark Farrell inherited the cleanup from the late Ed Lee when he took office in January and set it into overdrive in April when he ordered the Mission District cleared of all tents. But getting the job done took more than just a more aggressive approach. It required getting the camp residents assistance such as health care and into shelters while making it clear that the big camps are no longer allowed, he said.
"I believe San Francisco residents finally reached a tipping point on this," Farrell said. "They want action. We have to do everything we can to help people on the streets, but at the end of the day, as mayor, I believe the city should not tolerate people who don't want to take the offers of shelter and services — which we give to everyone in a camp that gets dismantled — and just choose to stay in tents instead."
Homeless advocates point to the wait list for one of the city's 2,300 shelter beds — it is perpetually at about 1,000 — as proof that offers of help as the camps get torn down are hollow.
"All this did was scatter people into all kinds of neighborhoods," said Kelley Cutler, a Coalition on Homelessness organizer who has monitored the camp clearances. "I now see smaller groups, and they try harder to stay hidden in places like Nob Hill, behind dumpsters.
"They are just getting swept all the time now, having to move every day, and that makes them harder to find for outreach workers, people who want to help them," she said.
On the street, the response has been mixed, depending on whether the right help was offered to the right person at the right time.
Krystle Erickson packs a cart with her and Brian Kitching's belongings as they relocate from Utah Street.
Photo: Lea Suzuki / The Chronicle
For 38-year-old Krystle Erickson, the clearance has meant tearing her tent down every day or two and moving to a new block. She struggles with heroin addiction and would like to get inside for rehab and stability, but she doesn't trust the offers. She said when city workers cleared her camp recently they threatened to take her kitten, Booku, to an animal shelter. That just made her mad.
"They say they're offering services, but I've only heard about a few days in a shelter," she said as she packed up her gear the other morning at Utah and 15th streets. "What good does that do? We're literally all just scattered now. Every day is a new thing of wandering around in limbo.
"Most definitely it feels like they're just trying to run us out of town," she said.
Joseph Lewis, 52, says at first he didn't appreciate being rousted from his camp of 20-plus tents eight months ago on Fifth Street under Interstate 80. But he eventually ended up at the city's Multi-Service Center South homeless shelter, where he is enrolled in health programs he had longed to take advantage of and is hoping to get a restaurant job soon.
Joseph Lewis, who previously camped out on Fifth Street, stands in line outside the Multi-Service Center South homeless shelter.
"It's OK here, and it was really hard living outside," he said. "I needed the help, and I'm glad I got it. But the city needs to do more. There are too many of us out there, and nobody really wants to be homeless."
Farrell's hard line on street camps is unsurprising, considering he has long favored both carrot and stick approaches to the problem. As a supervisor, he sought more funding for shelters, counseling and other homeless services over the years, but also wrote Proposition Q, which voters approved in 2016 to authorize the speedy dismantling of tent camps.
Things picked up more than a year ago, when the Departments of Public Works, Public Health, and Homelessness and Supportive Housing, along with special police squads that deal with street populations, started cleaning out camps in the Mission.
Around the same time, they also started consulting one another regularly on a wide range of street issues, and that led to the Healthy Streets Operations Center, which now coordinates efforts among the city agencies to not only rid the streets of camps but shepherd their residents into services.
Jeff Kositsky, director of the homelessness department, said the result has been more referrals to health services for very sick campers, and more focused efforts to house people without duplication and inefficiency.
"I don't want to say 'Mission accomplished,' and that we're done, because our goal is to end permanent homelessness in the city and to put everyone into healthier, housed situations," he said. "But I am proud of what we've done."
S.F.'s homeless problem
By Kevin Fagan
Mayoral candidates face hurdle of housing homeless who resist...
SF mayor vows that clearing homeless tents from the Mission...
For mentally ill homeless patients, new center offers 54 beds...
Kositsky said of the more than 1,200 people moved from the big camps, 65 percent accepted shelter of some kind. Among those were 300 people who were chronic, long-term street people who landed in permanent housing.
The challenge now will be holding the line, Farrell said.
"We're excited about the progress, but of course we can't rest on our laurels," the mayor said. "There is going to be a continued, dogged effort to make sure these tent encampments don't come back."
Translated to the street, that has meant stepped-up patrols by police, street cleaners and outreach counselors to make sure settlements don't resprout in their traditional spots — places such as Fifth Street under I-80 and along Division Street in the Mission. In many places, metal police barriers now line sidewalks that used to be covered in tarps and heaping shopping carts.
"We're not trying to criminalize people, but we are being very clear about letting them know it's not healthy, not OK to just live in a tent on the street," Kositsky said. "I would never endorse something that's just mean. We really are about trying to give people better lives."
Kevin Fagan is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: kfagan@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @KevinChron
Tent camps by the numbers
Over the past 18 months
Big camps dismantled: 30
Size of the camps: 20 to 70 people each
Total number of homeless people displaced: 1,219
Number who accepted offers of shelter: 792
Number of chronically homeless permanently housed: 300
Source: San Francisco Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing
Follow Kevin on:
https://www.facebook.com/SFChronicle/KevinChron
Kevin Fagan is a longtime reporter at The San Francisco Chronicle. He specializes in enterprise news-feature writing and breaking news, taking particular pleasure in ferreting out stories others might not find — from profiling the desperate lives of homeless drug addicts to riding the rails with hobos, finding people who sleep in coffins and detailing the intricacies of hunting down serial killers.
From 2003 to 2006, Kevin was the only beat reporter in the United States covering homelessness full time. He has witnessed seven prison executions and has covered many of the biggest breaking stories of our time, from the Sept. 11 terror attacks at Ground Zero and the Columbine High School massacre to Barack Obama's election as president, the deadly Mendocino Complex, Wine Country and Ghost Ship fires and the Occupy movement. Homelessness remains a special focus of his, close to his heart as a journalist who cares passionately about the human condition.
He has a bachelor's degree in journalism from San Jose State University and was raised in California and Nevada.
Newsom's homeless task force: Require cities, counties to supply housing or shelter
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Bay Briefing
The incredible story of a transgender wrestler, Giants hire 1st woman for coach job, and Pier 39 marks 30 years of sea lions.
Here's what you need to know to start your day


I envy that you get to bike commute to work! I live in the "sticks" and the roads to get to my office are 60 mph – I'd be scared to death of getting run over, not to mention its a 15 mile commute one way.
When I lived closer to Chicago I used to bike 2 miles to the train station, then walk a mile to my office, then walk 3 miles at lunch, only to then walk one mile back to the train station and 2 miles biking back home – I miss that!
Just catching up on my blog reading – leaving for vacation after work tomorrow – can't wait!
I'd be scared to bike on those streets too! Especially if there is no shoulder or bike lane. Yikes.
I need to recommend those to a friend as Id forgotten the exist since moving back to the land of the heat.
They are perfect when it's that in between weather!


text:
Gov. Ivey awards grant to assist children with incarcerated parents
MONTGOMERY— Gov. Kay Ivey has awarded a $25,000 grant to assist a nonprofit organization that helps children whose parents or loved ones are currently in jail or prison.
Extended Family for Kids will use the grant funds to expand its availability to schools across Alabama. The program uses curriculum that helps children in grades K-12 reduce stress, deal with anger and make good choices today and in the future. It's meant to help participants shed the shame and stigma associated with having a family member who is incarcerated, deal with bullying and express anger in a healthy manner.
"Children whose loved ones are imprisoned can face tough circumstances through no fault of their own, and they deserve to have access to care and education which can help their daily lives," Ivey said. "I commend the work of Extended Family for Kids, and I am pleased to provide this assistance as the organization seeks to offer access to its programs to schools throughout the state."
Currently, EFK programs are offered in all schools within Cherokee County. With this grant, EFK leader workshops will be led in Calhoun, Etowah and Jefferson counties, training 100 school counselors from around the state to start the program in their schools.
The Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs is administering the grant from funds made available by the U.S. Justice Department.
"ADECA joins Gov. Ivey in supporting of Extended Family for Kids and its efforts to help those children with incarcerated parents and loved ones," ADECA Director Kenneth Boswell said.
Ivey notified Laure Clemons, Extended Family executive director, that the grant had been approved.
Contact: Russell Sellers, Mike Presley


Displays of hanging plants are super-stylish and this new pot makes the trend very accessible.
This gorgeous hanging pot, with its hand crafted feel, has a beautiful blue/grey dip-glaze on the lower half.
Made from durable stoneware, waterproof and with a stylish and strong, leather hanging cord.
You may also be interested in our 'Wave', 'Dot', 'Baby Dotty', 'Pie Crust', 'Ripple' or Macramé hanging pots.
12.5cm diameter x 11.8cm high.


text:
NEBRASKA STATE SOCIETY, DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Today's DAR
Memorial Continental Hall
Junior Members
District I >
Captain Christopher Robinson
Fort Sidney
Katahdin
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Betsey Hager Chapter
Grand Island, Nebraska
Meetings are the third Wednesday of every month
Vice Regent
Librarian
Angela Spaulding
Donna Andresen
Linda Flaherty
Kimberly Andresen
Vicki Wilkinson
Debra Waggoner
DeAnna Way
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Betsey Hager was born in Boston in 1750 of very poor parents and was left an orphan at nine years of age. As was the custom of the day, she was "bound out" to a farmer nearby. Here she developed into a strong young woman, skilled not only in the household arts but also in the use and construction of tools and machinery, being not only an expert weaver, but able to set up and repair her own loom. Her education included little book learning, but much of the arts of practical life.
At the time of the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, she was working for Samuel Leverett, a blacksmith and farmer. Preparation for the war had been going on for weeks. Every spare minute Leverett had been at work in a small room adjoining his forge, repairing old matchlocks and muskets with "handy" Betty or Betsey the blacksmith as the faithful helper. Scores of old weapons not used since the old days of Indian wars were thus made serviceable. This work was all done without pay.
At the battle of Concord, Betsey Hager had been one of the first on the scene to care for the wounded. Here she noticed six cannons left by the British and upon examination were sure they could be prepared for use. So they were brought to Leverett's smithy, repaired, and in six weeks were turned over to the American commander.
Besides helping to repair firearms, Betsey prepared ammunition. Here it is related that on one occasion when she ran out of flannel to wrap the charges, she cut up and used her own underclothing. She was always ready to visit the sick, especially among the families of soldiers, becoming skilled in the use of herbs and roots, the "Materia medica" of the day.
Shortly after the war, she was married to John Pratt, one of the Minute Men whose guns she had repaired. In 1816, the Pratts moved from Massachusetts to Pennsylvania. They became prominent and respected members of the community. Mrs. Pratt became especially well known as a doctor. Her heroic life ended at the age of ninety-three. She lies buried at Granville, Pennsylvania, a few miles from her old home.
The important task of organizing Betsy Hager Chapter was officially delegated to Mrs. W. J. Read in December 1925. On April 20, 1926, in a meeting held at her home, organization was completed with a membership of 21. The chapter was chartered June 8, 1926.
Preceding the formal organization, a luncheon was given for the new members and guests at the Hotel Yancy. After the luncheon, the party adjourned to the home of Mrs. Clayton J. Moore, and was called to order by Mrs. W. J. Read, the organizing regent, who introduced the State Regent, Mrs. C. S. Paine.
In the first year's work, precedents formed which determined the course of the future history of the chapter. Among these may be mentioned in particular the following:
(1) the printing of excellent yearbooks
(2) the arrangement of interesting programs, almost exclusively along lines mapped out by the Daughters of the American Revolution for national and state work, giving a large place to historical study. Talent is drawn exclusively from the chapter membership, thus securing the interest which comes from individual activity
(3) the placing of sets of genealogical books in the public library from the Daughters of the American Revolution Genealogical Traveling Library
(4) the assumption in full of state and national obligations
(5) contributions to local needs for Christmas cheer, Young Women's and Young Men's Christian Associations, and Stolley State Park.
In general, the formative period of Betsey Hager chapter was marked by seriousness of purpose, high ideals, devotion to the expressed objective of the chapter; a democratic, cordial spirit among the members; and a sincere desire to cooperate in the state and national work of the Daughters of the American Revolution.
The chapter experienced a rapid growth in membership. Response was made to two national appeals, the flood sufferers through the "friendship gardens" and restoration of Kenmore.
A handsome walnut gavel and block was presented to the chapter December 18, 1928, by Mrs. G. W. Wiencke, in memory of her father, Dr. H. L. Matthews, a Nebraska pioneer and grandson of Gideon Matthews, a Revolutionary War patriot. The wood was from a tree on the farm where the donor was born. The workmanship was of a boy in the Grand Island high school, Frank Phelps.
The charter members of Betsey Hager chapter were: Henrietta Waird Read, Idella Bollen Atwater, Edna M. Gardner Bastian, Ida Walker Bennison, Blanche Broderick Bottorf, Lydia J. Bradbury, Grace W. Barger Bryan, Henrietta Patten Cousins, Mildred Ione Dewey, Della Showalter Faidley, Hazel Burleigh Hammond, Bertha G. Nye Johnson, Gertrude Lyle Laughlin, Lena Williams Lyle, Evelyn Hartinger Moore, Mary C. Nicholson, Alice Ella Paine, Bertha Patton, Mary Carson Prince, Ruth Kinney Ross, Gwendolyn Kimbrough Seier, Ella M. Sprague, Gladys Wood Steidley, Vernita Barber Vieregg, Patty F. Matthews Wiencke, Wauneta R. Wolcott, Geneva R. Wolford.
In November 1932, the members learned of a grave in the GAR section of the City Cemetery that was possibly a real daughter of a Revolutionary War patriot. After much investigation, it was confirmed that her name was Mary Cather Wood, the daughter of Jasper Cather. She was born at Winchester, West Virginia in 1806, and died January 5, 1893. A marker was placed in 1936 on the stone by Betsey Hager Chapter to designate her as a Real Daughter.
Nebraska State Society, NSDAR
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The Trouble With North Korea
Copyright © 2003 by John Carroll
Note: I always start with the supposition that the situation as outlined by my own tribal leaders is questionable. They've lied before, as have tribal leaders from everywhere else. It's part of the job. But it's hard to find a hint of truth coming from North Korea that would put the lie to what CNN and the New York Times might say. If you doubt that, check out what's apparently the official North Korean web site at http://www.korea-dpr.com/ Notice that I'm not sure it IS the official North Korean site because the world is full of hackers and liars who might have put it up on a lark.
If we want to analyze any international problem, we have to first find out which tribes are involved and how they interface with the nations involved. North Korea and South Korea were a single nation and home to a single tribe prior to the end of WWII. But they've been separated now for more than half a century. Separate nations, and perhaps separate tribes. It would be one thing if they were just separated by normal borders, but the border between North and South is extremely difficult to cross. And the cultures have grown in very different directions for nearly three generations. The result has been the development of different styles of behavior and different notions of how things should be. Neither population behaves as it did when the Japanese lost Korea at the end of WWII, but they've evolved in different ways, the North concentrating on obedience to the State, personified by a single leader, and the South on more or less open and fractious political and economic competition where fighting it out for status or resources isn't always a life or death game.
The history of this tribal split is also worth looking at. After WWII, the Americans took control of South Korea and the Russians took control of the North. The U.N. plan was for the whole nation to hold free elections and decide how to structure a single Korean government for all concerned. But the North, controlled by Russia and formed into a communist society, kept putting off elections, and the South, controlled by the U.S. and formed into a capitalist society, eventually got sick of waiting. It held its own elections and declared itself independent. Leaders in the North responded by launching a military invasion of the South in 1950, giving us the Korean War.
We have to know something about economics because despite all the talk of culture and religion, that's what wars are about -- access to resources. The most wildly different tribes with conflicting views of the world rarely go to war unless there are resources to be gained or defended. As I point out in Biology and Politics, Djibouti and Denmark are about as ideologically at odds as one can imagine, Djibouti stocked to the gills with Muslims and Denmark with evangelical Lutherans. But they don't fight because neither could gain resources by fighting.
North Korea is a mountainous country and only about twenty percent of it is very habitable for humans or suitable for agriculture. However, it does have mineral deposits, timber, and other resources which could support a strong economy if they were used for manufacturing of items which could be traded with the outside world. Because of its inherent agricultural limitations, it would be difficult to support the population without importing food under ideal conditions. But in recent years conditions have been less than ideal, plagued by bad weather and mismanagement, and apparently starvation has become a serious social problem, made worse by the fact that the North maintains an enormous military force that produces no food and generates no income, but gets fed first. The North's manufacturing and export are both more important than agriculture, but still not adequate to provide the funds necessary to support its population.
Like the North, the South is poorly endowed agriculturally and also has a fairly large deposits of ores as well as potential hydroelectric power, but its economy depends mainly on manufacturing consumer goods and trading throughout the world on a grand scale. Also, since it has long had American military protection, it hasn't found it necessary to support an army the size of North Korea's. So the South has an enormous economic advantage. In recent times it's been estimated that average annual income in the South is about twenty times that of the North -- the differences being communist control of the economy and the heavy military burden in the North and more open competition and a smaller military burden in the South.
Now we have to turn to the question of why the two Koreas took such different approaches to their economies and their militaries. The South could tolerate lower military expenditures because the powerful U.S. military was willing to defend it against attacks from the North. In addition, since it was essentially controlled by the Americans in the years just after WWII, it was all but forced to follow a capitalist economic system with the market usually deciding what gets produced and what sells at what price. The North, beginning under the tutelage of the Russians, and later strongly associated with Maoist China, necessarily followed a communist course, which time eventually showed didn't work well anywhere because humans are such competitive animals. The South, under U.S. tutelage, ended up with a representative democracy for its government, which has the advantage over other forms of government that if an idiot or crook gets control of the government and makes life too unpleasant for too many people, he gets thrown out in the next election in favor of a more palatable leader. The North had no such escape valve. Whoever got to be leader could stay leader for as long as he could control the country's military. In half a century the North has had two leaders, one the father, the other his son. The economy and general morale might go to hell in a handbasket. People might starve by the hundreds of thousands or millions, but so long as the military was kept happy, the top leader couldn't be removed. Presumably it was the recognition of that advantage which prevented the leader of North Korea from acceding to elections for the whole of Korea, as the U.N. had planned. Why risk losing power in an election when you could seize it by force? The leader Kim il-Sung already controlled a very large military force and had a strong alliance with China when it attacked South Korea. China, under Mao in those days, was out to spread its version of communism. Kicking the United States out of South Korea would certainly have improved China's standing in the area, along with its access to resources. So China sent its troops into battle to save North Korea and to get rid of the Americans. It didn't work. The fighting ended in a stalemate and has never been officially settled. Along the way, China became more capitalistic and began to depend heavily on trade with the United States.
After the war, the North eventually went down the tubes economically and the South prospered. Shortly after Kim Il Song died and was replaced three years later by his son, Kim Jong Il, the economy got so bad some North Koreans starved in place, while others fled to China to survive. It became more necessary than ever to get additional resources from outside. But free trade and widespread travel would have led to mass exodus of North Koreans, the introduction of Western ideas, and probably the eventual downfall of the government. That gave the North Korean leadership only one way to survive -- blackmailing the outside world into giving it resources it couldn't afford to buy. And that's the course it's followed. It threatens to invade South Korea. It claims to have built nuclear weapons and has proven it has the missiles to deliver them against the South, against Japan, even against China, if need be. And it's maintained its million man army at the ready to overrun South Korea at any moment. It's also hinted that it may sell nuclear technology to other third-world nations.
This is terrorism writ large, and it works. South Korea, Japan, and the U.S. have given it fuel and food and other assistance to prevent it from further developing nuclear weapons. The North has responded to this largesse by continuing its nuclear program and threatening to attack the South. Well, it wouldn't do to say, "Gee, thanks guys. You've done enough." The idea is to keep the pressure on to get the maximum in free resources. There's no point to keeping promises of peaceful intentions.
In the six-way negotiations that ended Friday, Aug. 29, 2003, the North hinted that it would drop its nuclear program if the United States continued to supply it with free fuel, signed a nonaggression treaty, and opened diplomatic relations with the North. On its face, that doesn't sound too unreasonable, but the United States, as expected, balked both on the treaty and on diplomatic relations. The U.S. does want to unify Korea, but not under the present government in the North. It wants all of Korea as a capitalist beachhead in China's back yard. There probably is some justification for the North Korean fear that the U.S. will attack it if it doesn't maintain its large military and its nuclear threat. Because of the current impasse in Iraq, that's unlikely, but if and when the U.S. escapes from Iraq, and if its leaders come to believe North Korea is both dangerous and subject to more or less painless defeat, then an attack becomes likely. So the North really has no alternative to continued blackmail, and if it can become a serious nuclear power, neither the West nor China would dare stop paying tribute to it.
And that's a major tribal function, extracting the most resources it can at the lowest price from its own territories and from the territories of other tribes. while gaining wealth is a tribal function, so is taking care of the tribal leaders, and leaders of the more kleptocratic kind keep what they can for their own personal use and for the personal use of their most loyal executives. The North Korean leadership seems to have done just that. The peasants are told of their duties, and of the wondrous, mystical nature of their leader, and they're told they are a strong and happy nation, even as they starve to death. They can't listen to foreign radio broadcasts, not even from South Korea, and they certainly don't have access to the Internet, so there's no way they can know how their lives compare to those of people in other places, and most probably believe they're fortunate to live under Kim Il Sung. He's the only power they know, and the only one to whom they can look for any help at all. There's no indication that I know of of a revolt inside North Korea.
That's the situation, but what can the rest of the world do about it? The important facts to remember are (a)That North Korea has a million-man army capable of overrunning Seoul despite the American troops stationed there, (b)That it has nuclear weapons and the ability to deliver them in minutes to South Korea, Japan, and other places in the East -- and possibly in the West, (c) The West doesn't know with any reasonable certainty how many nuclear weapons North Korea has or where it keeps them.
It's clear that no matter what the rest of the world does, North Korea could cause the deaths of perhaps tens of millions with an all-out attack on South Korea and Japan. It's also clear that if it ever did that, it would be instantly destroyed by a rain of nuclear weapons from the United States and perhaps other western nations. A major attack on South Korea or anywhere else would terminate the government of North Korea, and the North Korean leadership knows that.
They have the weapons to terrorize and to cause enormous damage to the rest of the world, but to use those weapons would be suicide. There's a school of thought that says the North Korean leadership is mad as a March Hare, but the evidence for that is very slim. They've threatened suicidal behavior and have been paid off for those threats, but they've never actually carried them out. So far they've acted quite rationally from their own point of view -- that is from their leaders' point of view. They cannot open the country to the rest of the world and hope to maintain control once their people see how others live. That means that North Korea's economy can't succeed by trade. Because it has marginal agricultural land and variable weather, it certainly can't count on maintaining a viable economy by farming. It probably can't consistently feed its own population even with perfect farm management. So how else can it get along? Its only rational option, if the current leadership is to maintain its position, or even go on living, is to parasitize the developed world, and that's what it's done.
Now for the question of what would happen if the West were to prevent this parasitization, either by striking militarily at North Korea' nuclear sites or by simply refusing to give in to its demands for resources. Striking the North militarily is a bad idea because doing so would leave the North with no hope. It's bluff would have been called. It would either have to respond militarily or resign itself to a bleak economic future, probably with a complete economic collapse and loss of power, status, and life for the leaders. A hungry, heavily-armed military is a very dangerous thing if you happen to be the leader it expects to feed it -- and you can't. The leaders couldn't allow themselves to be stripped of the power to extract resources from the outside. If their nuclear leverage were attacked, they might very well decide to invade South Korea and/or to use their remaining nuclear weapons, if any, against whatever targets were convenient. Without a military response to a Western attack, the North would lose all credibility. So probably any serious attack on the North would be met with whatever force it could mount, leading to deaths in the hundreds of thousands or even millions -- and to the destruction of the leadership of North Korea, probably by U.S. nuclear attack.
Well, if the military strike would be a bad idea, how about simply cutting off aid and hoping the regime simply collapses? Whether that would be a good or a bad idea, it's not going to happen. For one thing, the people of South Korea think of North Koreans as fellow tribesmen. South Koreans by and large think of North Koreans as "us people," not as aliens. They're "us," so they have to be helped. That might not be how things worked out if by some magic the country were peacefully reunited, but that's how they feel now. So rather than let their tribespeople starve, they'd feed them. China wouldn't let the North starve, either. If that happened, the portion of China bordering North Korea would be overrun with Korean refugees who would threaten social order and drain the local economy. So it's a safe bet that short of military defeat, North Korea will be able to continue extracting resources from its neighbors, and almost certainly from the United States as well.
What if the United States simply refused to do business with North Korea? Stop trading with it in any way and stop subsidizing its electrical generation. That would probably cause the North to increase the rate at which it develops nuclear power plants capable of producing weapons-grade isotopes. Hydropower might be a cheaper, if less impressive way to generate power, but the North can be counted on to continue nuclear weapons development, if only to become a more threatening parasite. China and South Korea, and possibly Japan would keep the regime in Pyongyang afloat and would resent the U.S. for not helping.
What about the option North Korea proposes -- Denuclearization in exchange for a nonaggression pact and the exchange of diplomats, and, of course, continued free oil from the U.S. Why wouldn't the U.S. see this as the least odious choice? Do the Americans hope that once Kim Il Song is gone North and South Korea will be unified on American terms? Do they believe that the North will eventually collapse economically and that this will lead to an American-style reunification? Or do they believe that North Korea would accept the diplomats and the nonagression treaty and go right on building up its nuclear force? Probably all of the above, but the big catch is the nuclear option. Giving it up is not and cannot become a useful pathway for the present North Korean leadership. The nuclear threat is more than just an insurance policy against bad treatment by the outside world. It's a weapon for getting ever more resources from that world.
That pretty well covers the near-term options and their outcomes. The military option is incredibly dangerous. Cutting off the flow of resources into North Korea isn't an option. Just cutting off U.S. subsidies would only lose allies for America and possibly accelerate nuclear proliferation outside of Korea. There are no pleasant short term options. In the long term, decades of isolation and the deaths of the current batch of leaders, coupled with offers of cooperation from the West and from North Korea's neighbors, would perhaps lead to a Soviet- style economic collapse, along moderately orderly lines. How long that might take, or whether it could happen at all, is unknown because much of it depends on chance, and much of it depends on the structure of present-day leadership in the country, which isn't well known, and the structure of future leadership, which can't be known. So after all this, I'm forced not to a clever solution, but to the admission that the present approach is about as good as we can make it. Keep talking in diplomatic tones and keep paying tribute to North Korea -- no more than necessary, but enough to keep the government afloat. As a policy, it stinks, but it beats the alternatives.
Now let me float an idea. Suppose we could convince a lot of ordinary North Koreans and especially junior military staffers that they'd be a lot better off with a new government. This wouldn't be easy, and it wouldn't be quick, but the strongest hand we have to play is to convincingly show people in the North how much better the rest of the world lives. Convince them that South Koreans have relatively little to fear from their own government and that their income is twenty times that of people in the North. Show them how their own leadership lives while they starve. That's not a new idea. The CIA raised it to an unsuccessful art form in Guatemala almost half a century ago. The Guatemalan citizens didn't buy it, but there was a reason for that. The CIA was lying and the CIA expected citizens to take up arms against a government that had been very good to them. The same thing happened in Cuba before the Bay of Pigs invasion when the CIA tried to get Cuban peasants to turn against Castro and take back the people they'd kicked out in the revolution that brought Castro to power. Castro had been much better to the common Cuban people than the Batista regime Castro had thrown out. So when the old Batista elements tried to come back, the Cuban people united and wiped them out. But North Korea is critically different. The government there hasn't been good to its people. It hasn't provided the resources a good tribe provides. The economic gap between North and South is real and very large, and the gap between ordinary people and the ruling elite is astronomical. So it's possible that the approach that failed in Guatemala and Cuba might do better there.
All we have to do is convince the North Koreans of this. We could use pilotless aircraft to drop cheap radios that allow them to hear from the outside world, especially from the South. We could tell the people about the Internet and what they're missing as they sing the praises of their leader and starve. Don't expect too much from all this. It won't work quickly if it works at all, and it might sour relations with other countries, particularly China and South Korea. But it might also set the stage so that one day the North Korean nation might implode as the Soviet Union did, or change from Stalinism to a more successful semi-capitalism, as China did. Even that's probably pie in the sky, but at least worth a thought.
Biology and the War in Iraq | Non-human Critters Copying Genes
Ten Commandments in Court | The Shape of Iraq to Come
Tribes and International Politics | Dealing with North Korea
Time to Leave Iraq


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UGC NET Solved Question Papers in Criminology >
2012 December UGC NET Solved Question Paper in Criminology, Paper III
1. Lie Detector or Polygraph provides which type of evidence?
(A) Primary evidence
(B) Corroborative evidence
(C) Circumstantial evidence
(D) No evidence
2. 'Prostitution' was presently termed as
(A) Infidelity
(B) Commercial sex work
(C) Extra-marital sex
(D) Incest
3. What is the Latin term that means "The body of the Crime"?
(A) actusreus
(B) mensrea
(C) Staredecisis
(D) Corpusdelecti
4. A perspective on the study of criminal justice that assumes that the systems components function primarily to serve their own interests is
(A) Consensus Model
(B) Conflict Model
(C) Civil Justice
(D) Public Order
5. Under the probation of Offender Act, Probation is granted mostly
(A) All offenders
(B) First offenders
(C) Terrorists
(D) Recidivists
6. Which of the following is a victimless crime ?
(A) Murder
(B) Hijacking
(C) Car theft
(D) Prostitution
7. A perspective on crime-causation which holds that physical deterioration in an area leads to increased concerns for personal safety among area residents and to higher crime rates in the area is
(A) Defensible space thesis
(B) Broken windows thesis
(C) Positive Approach
(D) Subculture of violence
8. Who among the following is not connected to critical criminalisation?
(A) Richard Quinney
(B) Austin T. Turk
(C) I. Taylor
(D) Oscar Newman
9. Author of the book, 'Essay on Crimes and Punishment', is ______.
(A) Cesare Lombroso
(B) CesareBeccaria
(C) T. Sellin
(D) E.H. Sutherland
10. Under the probation of Offender Act pre-sentence report is _______.
(A) Mandatory
(B) Optional
(C) Preferable
(D) Not necessary
11. Among the following find out the order in which they proceed in the criminal justice system. Use the codes given below:
(i) Judgement
(ii) Charge sheetwww.netugc.com
(iii) Trial
(iv) Release on probation
(A) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)
(B) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(C) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
(D) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
12. The spirit of parole or pre-mature release is ________.
(i) Reformation and Rehabilitation
(ii) Saving for public exchequer
(iii) Utilization of family and community resources
(iv) Concession to the wrong-doer
Find the correct combination using the codes given below:
(A) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(B) (i) & (iii) are correct.
(C) (i), (ii) & (iv) are correct.
(D) (i) and (ii) are correct.
13. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Special Home – For children in need of care &protection
(B) Children's Home – For children in need of care and protection
(C) Juvenile Justice Board – For children in need of care and protection
(D) Child Welfare Committee – For children in Conflict with law
14. Which is the administrative authority controlling the Child Welfare Committee?
(A) Police Department
(B) Judicial Department
(C) Social Welfare Department
(D) Prosecution Department
15. Children who are habitually absent from school or home are called _____.
(A) Thrown-away children
(B) Truant
(C) Vagrant
(D) Children in conflict with law
16. Shift from joint family system to nuclear family system is an example of
(A) Social problem
(B) Social disorganisation
(C) Social change
17. Which one of the following is not a narcotic drug?
(A) Opium
(B) Cocaine
(C) Lysergic Acid Dimethyl Amide
(D) Bhang
18. Which country among the following is part of the Golden Crescent?
(A) Russia
(B) Pakistan
(C) China
(D) Tajakistan
19. Central Jails are mainly meant for
(A) Children in Conflict with law
(B) Political detenue
(C) Convict prisoners
(D) Under Trial Prisoners
20. According to the Indian Penal Code, how many types of Punishments can be awarded to an offender?
21. Among the following experts, which person visited India in early1950's, to study the Indian prisoners?
(A) E.H. Sutherland
(B) J.J. Panakhal
(C) Marwin Wolfgang
(D) Walter C. Reckless
22. In your view, what objective does Capital Punishment represent?
(A) Retribution
(B) Self Expiation
(C) Reformation
(D) Rehabilitation
23. Which of the following is a tool for data collection in criminological research?
(i) Alpha error
(ii) Interview schedule
(iii) Hypothesis testing
(iv) Thematic Appreciation Test
Choose the correct combination using the following codes:
(A) (i) & (ii) are correct.
(B) (ii) & (iii) are correct.
(C) (iii) & (iv) are correct.
(D) (ii) & (iv) are correct.
24. Which one of the following is not a random sampling design?
(A) Simple Random Sample
(B) Quota Sample
(C) Stratified Random Sample
(D) Cluster Sample
25. The first regular open prison in India was established in
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Kerala
26. Travis Hirschi's Theory on explanation of criminality focuses on _______.
(A) Intelligence
(B) Learning
(C) Social Bonding
(D) Self-concept
27. John Braithwaite is associated with _______.
(A) Social Bonding Theory
(B) Containment Theory
(C) Shaming Theory
(D) Sub-culture explanation
28. Development and Life-Cause (DLC) theory was postulated by
(A) Gottefredson
(B) Braithwaite
(C) Hirschi
(D) David P. Farrington
29. Who among the following is not associated with labelling theories?
(A) Frank Tannenbaum
(B) Edwin Lemert
(C) Howard S. Becker
(D) Howard B. Kaplan
30. Who among the following is not associated with integrated theories?
(A) Ronald L. Akers
(B) Francis T. Cullen
(C) David P. Farrington
(D) Edwin H. Sutherland
31. Which among the following is a source of crime data?
(A) Administrative Report
(B) Handbook of Statistics
(C) Crime in India
(D) Census Report
32. A model of criminal punishment that encourages rehabilitation via the use of general and relatively unspecified surface is known as
(A) Determinate sentencing
(B) Proportionate sentencing
(C) Indeterminate sentencing
33. Who first introduced probation service for offenders?
(A) John Howard
(B) John Kennedy
(C) John Augustus
(D) John Ohlin
34. Ceasare Lombroso is associated with
(A) Ecological School
(B) Classical School
(C) Positive School
(D) Sociological School
35. Cesare Beccaria was influenced by
(i) Social Contract
(ii) Biological determinism
(iii) Freewill
(iv) Atavism
(C) (i) & (iv) are correct.
(D) (i) & (iii) are correct.
36. Assertion (A): One of the changes of the neo-classical period was that children under seven years were exempt from law.
Reason (R): Children under seven years of age were exempt from law and criminal responsibility because they were presumed to be unable to understand the difference between right and wrong.
(A) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong.
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct.
(C) (A) is wrong, but (R) is correct.
37. The purpose of punishment is
(i) Incapacitation
(ii) Deterrence
(iii) Reformation
(iv) Discrimination
Choose the correct combination, using the code
(A) (i), (ii) & (iii) are correct.
(B) (ii), (iii) & (iv) are correct.
(C) (i), (ii) &(iv) are correct.
(D) (i) & (iv) are correct.
38. The idea that crime can be reduced by modifying the environments physical features is called
(A) Sanitized zone
(B) Commuter zone
(C) Defensible space
(D) Zone of transition
39. Who first initiated an ecological study of crime?
(A) Shaw & McKay
(B) Sutherland & Cressey
(C) Freud & Heales
(D) Mclink & Ferri
40. Match items in List – I with items in List – II:
a. Subculture Theory 1. Durkheim
b. Middle Class Measuring 2. David Matza
c. Anomie Theory 3. Fredric Thrasher
d. Neutralization drift Theory 4. Albert Cohen
41. Which one of the following is correctly matched?
(A) Ecological Theory – Sykes and Matza
(B) Subculture Theory – Shaw and McKay
(C) Routine Activity Theory – Cohen and Felson
(D) Differential Opportunity Theory – E.H. Sutherland
42. The word 'critical' in critical criminology means
(A) Deviance
(B) Skilful Judgement
(C) Conflict
(D) Power
43. Sutherland's Differential Association Theory has
(A) 8 Postulates
(B) 9 Postulates
(C) 6 Postulates
(D) 10 Postulates
44. Who postulated 'criminal hearing also includes techniques of committing crime and also specific motives, driven and rationalisation'?
(A) James Simson
(B) Kathleen Doly
(C) Albert Bandira
45. In statistical analysis, what does standard deviation indicate?
(A) Association
(B) Dispersion
(C) Correlation
(D) Significance
46. Upto what age of boys and girls is the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, applicable?
(A) Upto 14 years
(B) Upto 16 years
(C) Upto 18 years
(D) Upto 21 years
47. How many regular members including Chairman are appointed to the National Human Rights Commission according to the protection of Human Rights Act, 1993?
(A) 4 members
(B) 5 members
(C) 6 members
(D) 7 members
48. The part of the law that defines crimes and specific punishment is known as
(A) Civil law
(B) Common law
(C) Local law
(D) Substantive Criminal Law
49. The main function of police work is
(A) Security of VIPS
(B) Crime Investigation
(C) Administration
(D) Escorting Prisoners
50. Arrange the following concepts in order in which they evolved in criminological thought. Use the code given below
(i) Classical school
(ii) Integrated theories
(iii) Ecological theories
(iv) Positive school
(B) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
(C) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
51. Arrange the following concepts in the order in which they evolved:
(i) Reformation
(ii) Retribution
(iii) Deterrence
(iv) Reintegration
Codes :
(A) (iii), (ii), (iv), (i)
(B) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
52. Police Diary is
(A) Detailed report of progress of investigation
(B) Diary of the police station
(C) Diary issued by the State Government to the Police
(D) All the above
53. The Public Prosecutors are appointed by
(A) Supreme Court
(B) High Court
(C) Sessions Court
(D) State Government
54. Which among the following statute has made the provision to permit the victim to engage an advocate of his/her choice to coordinate with the prosecution in the criminal cases?
(A) Protection of Human Rights Act
(B) The Constitution of India
(C) Code of Criminal Procedure
(D) The Indian Penal Code
55. In Vishakhavs. State of Rajasthan the Supreme Court has laid down the guidelines relating to
(A) Crime against Children
(B) Sexual harassment
(C) Crime against senior citizens
(D) Crime against minorities
56. Which of the following is within the Scope of criminology?
(A) The process of making law
(B) The process of breaching law
(C) Reaction of the society towards law breakers
57. 'Crime in India' is published by which organisation?
(A) Bureau of Police Research and Development
(B) L.N.J.P. National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science
(C) S.V.P. National Police Academy
(D) National Crime Reports Bureau
58. Which of the following is an example of multi-item scale?
(A) Thurston Scales
(B) Guttman Scales
(C) Likert Scales
59. The process whereby newly admitted prisoners come to accept prison lifestyles and sometimes criminal values is called _______.
(A) Probation Restitution
(B) Prison Population
(C) Prison Subculture
(D) Prisonization
60. Probation and parole
(A) Are essentially the same
(B) Use different supervision technique but are administered by the same office
(C) Are sentences handed over by courts
(D) Are distinctly different forms of community correction administered by different authorities
61. A sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least a part of their time working for a community agency is called ________.
(A) Compensation
(B) Restitution
(C) Victim Impact Statement
(D) Community Service
62. A Court order in response to a violation of conditions of probation, taking away a person's probationary status, thereby withdrawing the freedom is called ________.
(A) Parole Revocation
(B) Split Sentence
(C) Probation Revocation
(D) Probation Restriction
63. Insurgents involved in trafficking of narcotics are called _______.
(A) Money launderers
(B) Mules
(C) Narco terrorists
(D) Pseudo terrorists
64. What is 'phishing'?
(A) Cheating
(B) Cyber Crime
(C) White collar crime
(D) Embezzlement
65. Extracting Cash or kind by using ones official position is a crime under which law?
(A) Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
(B) Protection of Human Rights Act
(C) Civil Rights Act
(D) Prevention of Corruption Act
66. According to the protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, who is appointed chairperson of the State Human Rights Commission?
(A) Former Judge of High Court
(B) Former Advocate Governor
(C) Former Attorney General
(D) Former Chief Justice of High Court
67. Which among the following is not a right of prisoners?
(A) Right to Speak
(B) Right to Movement
(C) Right to Education
(D) Right to Vote
68. Any chemical substance defined by social convention as bioactive or psychoactive is called _______.
(A) Drug
(B) Controlled substance
(C) Recreational use
(D) Drug abuse
69. Which one of the following statistical technique is used for multivariate analysis?
(A) Chi-square
(B) Coefficient of Association
(C) Regression
(D) t-Test
70. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(A) Drug Abuse – Protection of Human Rights Act
(B) Wife battering – Domestic Violence Act
(C) Child Sexual Abuse – Immoral Traffic Prevention Act
(D) Commercial Sex – Juvenile Justice Act
71. Which among the following courts is at the top of hierarchy?
(A) Judicial Magistrate
(B) Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate
(D) Chief Judicial Magistrate
Answer: (D)www.netugc.com
72. Which one of the following is a writ?
(A) nolocontendore
(B) trial de novo
(C) mandamus
(D) misimensitrea
73. The intentional making of a false statement as part of the testimony by a sworn witness in judicial proceedings is called ________.
(A) Testimony
(B) Hearsay
(C) Perjury
(D) Verdict
74. The process of converting a criminal offence into a tort or a civil wrong is known as
(A) Legalization
(B) Decriminalization
(C) Interdiction
(D) Curtilage
75. The court use of victim supplied information by sentencing authorities in the process of sentencing is called ________.
(A) Truth in sentencing
(B) Presenter investigation
(D) Sentencing


text:
Event Insurance / Sanctions
USATF Connect Login
Back to 2022 USATF Indoor Championships
Criteria for a Legal Meet
CRITERIA FOR A MEET/EVENT TO BE ACCEPTABLE FOR QUALIFYING FOR USATF INDOOR NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS
In order for a mark(s) from a meet or single event to be accepted for qualifying for the USATF Indoor Championships AND for USATF to be able to verify to World Athletics and various track and field ranking agencies the validity of the mark(s) for World Athletics Championships qualifying purposes, the following criteria apply:
The meet/event must appear on an organizations' previously published calendar of events.*
The meet/event must be sanctioned in advance by USATF or the National Governing Body of another nation. And while not sanctioned by USATF, higher level collegiate and high school meets — such as a high school or college invitational, championships, relay carnivals, etc. — will be recognized as valid meets for qualifying.
The meet/event must be held on a legal facility per USATF and/or World Athletics rules and regulations.
USATF certified or recognized officials must officiate the meet/event.
In the 60 meters, 60 meter hurdles, 400 meters, and 800 meters, only marks made using FAT (full automatic timing to the hundredth of a second [.01]) will be accepted for QUALIFYING PURPOSES.
In throwing events, all implements must be officially measured and certified according to USATF and/or World Athletics rules.
At least five competitors of the same gender must participate in each event. Also, the five competitors must be open athletes and not a mixture of masters and/or youth competitors in a Youth or Masters event.
Trials and finals, qualifying and finals, rounds in running events, etc. should be run according to USATF and/or World Athletics rules and regulations. Duplicate events on the same day, unless they follow the World/Olympic same-day qualifying and finals format, will not be acceptable for qualifying purposes.
Meet results, including all field event recording sheet(s) and throwing implement verifications sheets, may be requested and are to be sent/faxed (317-261-0514) to the USATF National Office, attn: Duffy Mahoney, if verification is needed.
Meet results should always be faxed or e-mailed to USATF at stats@usatf.org and T&F News at stats@trackandfieldnews.com.
*Note: Meets that are last-chance in nature, or not on an organization's calendar of events, must be reported to USATF at duffy.mahoney@usatf.org or 317-713-4673 no later than three full weeks from the first day/date of competition of those Championships. Doing so will permit the USATF staff member, as designated by the Sports Committee Chairs, to review the proposed meet/event. If the meet/event were to be approved, this would allow for sufficient time to disseminate meet information to as many interested competitors as possible. Failure to adhere to this protocol will likely result in the performance(s) being disallowed for qualifying purposes.
Declaration Information
Use this link to declare.
THE DECLARATION PROCESS
Once properly entered, all athletes must complete the declaration process. In this process, you will:
DECLARE your intent to compete in each event entered and/or
SCRATCH from events in which you have submitted an entry, but in which you no longer choose to compete.
Each athlete or his/her representative must declare whether that athlete will or will not compete in each event they have entered.
DECLARATIONS WILL BE CONDUCTED ONLINE. Online is the only method of declaration. No other form of declaration will be accepted.
Declarations will be accepted beginning Wednesday, February 16th at 12:01 a.m. PT.
Declarations will close on Thursday, February 17th at 11:59 p.m. PT.
There is no late declaration period (see declarations appeal process).
Athletes may declare at any time within the declaration period.
Athletes not declaring by the event declaration deadline will be SCRATCHED from the event(s) entered.
The Status of Entries/Declarations web page will update hourly.
DECLARATION APPEALS PROCESS
No late declarations will be accepted. However, an appeals process will be available for those athletes who wish to declare after the close of declarations for their event.
Appeals for late declaration will be accepted from February 18th at 12:01 a.m. PT until February 18th at 11:59 p.m. PT.
Appeals may be filed by emailing Michael.Nussa@usatf.org. However, please note that submission of an appeal does not guarantee acceptance into the USATF Indoor Championships. Results of appeals will show on the Status of Entries page. No other notice will be given.
Appeals must be accompanied by a non-refundable $250 appeals fee.
Appeals fee must be paid by credit card.
STEPS TO DECLARE FOR THE USATF INDOOR TRACK & FIELD CHAMPIONSHIPS
Go to: Entry/Registration
Click the tab along the top of the entry form labeled "Manage My Registration" or "Declare."
On the login screen, choose how you will log in (as an "Individual Registrant," as a "Representative/Coach," or as a "USATF Club Administrator/Coach").
IF YOU ARE LOGGING IN AS AN "INDIVIDUAL REGISTRANT":
Select "Individual Registrant" in the drop-down menu on the login screen.
Enter your e-mail address (the one that's part of your USATF Connect profile).
Enter the registration password that you received in your confirmation e-mail from the entry system (it's located at the bottom of the e-mail under the heading "Managing Your Registration"). If you don't have your confirmation e-mail, you can reset your registration password by clicking the "forgot your password" link on the login screen and following the on-screen instructions.
Click the "Login" button.
You will now be presented with a menu of choices; click the link labeled "Declare for your events."
On the next screen, select "declare" or "scratch" for each of your events.
If you want to update your qualifying mark, click the linked labeled "click to edit" next to the information you want to update.
After you've made all your changes, scroll to the bottom of the form and click the "Save" button to save the changes.
IF YOU ARE LOGGING IN AS A "REPRESENTATIVE/COACH," YOU WILL NEED TO:
Select "Representative/Coach" in the drop-down menu on the login screen.
Enter your e-mail address (the one you entered on the payment screen when you registered your athletes and the one at which you received the registration confirmation e-mail).
Enter the registration password that you received in your confirmation e-mail from the entry system (it's located in the e-mail under the heading "Managing Your Registration"). If you don't have your confirmation e-mail, you can reset your registration password by clicking the "forgot your password" link on the login screen and following the on-screen instructions.
On the next screen, click the link labeled "Manage declarations" in the box on the right side of the screen.
On the next screen, select the declaration category and/or event you want to view and click the "Next" button.
On the next screen, select "declare" or "scratch" for each of your athletes' events.
If you want to update a qualifying mark, click the linked labeled "click to edit" next to the information you want to update.
IF YOU ARE LOGGING IN AS A "USATF CLUB ADMINISTRATOR/COACH," YOU WILL NEED TO:
Enter your USATF club number.
Enter your USATF membership number.
Enter your USATF membership password. If you don't know your password, you can look it up here.
Entry & Declaration Status
ENTRY STATUS CATEGORIES
*Accepted – Athlete had not met the qualifying standard for an event. However, the Sport Committee will accept a non-qualified mark to fill the field only if there is an insufficient number of athletes entered who have met the qualifying standard for that event. In this case, the committee will go down the list of entered and declared athletes (that have not met the qualifying standard) only as deep as is needed to fill the field.
*Note: USATF Rule 11.3(b) concerning adding athletes to make a competitive field, and USATF Rule 8 concerning automatic qualifications, will be used.
DECLARATION STATUS CATEGORIES
*Note: All entrants should declare during the declaration period. This helps the seeding committee make decisions on "Accepting" marks that do not meet the qualifying standard for the purpose of filling the field for each event.
Open - entry received but not yet in the verification process (all entries start in this category)
Qualified - mark has been verified and is accepted for entry into the championships.
Info needed - entry requires additional information or required documents (e.g., DOB verification, citizenship, name of meet director) are missing
Accepted* – used primarily during or following the declarations process to indicate a mark that is being accepted.
Not qualified - mark not acceptable; reasons vary
Not accepted - entry not accepted; reasons vary
Updated - mark has been updated/changed and must be re-verified
Open - declaration not yet made (all entries start in this category)
Declared - athlete has declared his/her intent to compete
Pending - athlete has declared his/her intent to compete, but entry has an updated mark that must be verified or requires additional information (i.e. DOB verification or additional information on mark submitted)
Not accepted – declaration not accepted; reasons vary
Scratched - athlete has declared his/her intent to not compete in the events(s) entered
Steps to Update Affiliations
*Note: The password that is tied to an athlete's USATF membership is no longer valid to log in to complete an entry/registration or to log back in to update marks, affiliations, and credential information for an entry/registration. After the entry/registration is completed, a confirmation email will be sent to the email address on file under the athlete's USATF Connect profile. This email will contain the password to log back into the entry/registration to update (affiliations, credentials, marks). The password is located under the heading "Managing Your Registration." This email confirmation with password is only sent to the email address that's on file under the athlete's USATF Connect profile. Even though the entry system gives you the option to send a receipt/confirmation to an alternate email address, the password will only be sent to the email address on file under the athlete's USATF Connect profile.
AFFILIATION UPDATES MAY BE MADE UP UNTIL CLOSE OF ENTRIES: Tuesday, 2/15/22 at 11:59 p.m. PST
UPDATING AFFILIATION
View/update affiliation (USATF Registered Club, Military Branch, Corporate Sponsor*, or University) under USATF Connect profile before completing registration/entry.
If the entry/registration was already completed before updating affiliation, log in to the USATF Connect profile with the athlete's USATF membership number and password associated with your membership. Then go to the affiliation area to view different affiliation options (i.e. USATF Registered Club, Military Branch, Corporate Sponsor*, or University).
Once this is updated in the membership profile, go back to entry/registration form and click on that tab that says "manage your registration." Login with email address (email on file under USATF Connect profile at the time entry/registration was completed) and the password (that was provided in the confirmation email that was sent to that email address). Note that the password is NOT the password tied to accessing your USATF Connect profile.
*USATF members do not have the option to update corporate sponsors under the profile. These must be verified and updated by a national office representative in our membership department at membership@usatf.org.
UPDATING MARKS OR CREDENTIAL INFORMATION
Go to registration/entry form and click on the tab that says, "Manage your registration."
Log in with your email address (email on file under USATF Connect profile at the time entry/registration was completed) and password (that was provided in the confirmation email that was sent to that email address). Note that the password is NOT the password tied to accessing your USATF Connect profile.
Then go the area you would like to update (i.e. marks, credentials [add-ons]).
Once all changes have been made, make sure you save changes before logging out of entry/registration.
Only citizens of the United States who are eligible to represent the U.S. in all levels of international competition are eligible to compete in Championship events. Dual citizens, please take note.
Female athletes must be 14 years or older on the day of competition. There is no age restriction for male athletes.
Athletes may enter an event(s) even if they have not yet met the qualifying standard for that event(s). However, athletes will not be permitted to compete unless they have:
Completed the entry process
Met the entry standard
Completed the declaration process
Have an updated athlete location form on file with USADA if you are in the Out-Of-Competition Drug-Testing Pool (OOC).
Proof of qualifying performance, if required, must be submitted to USATF no later than 5:00 p.m. PT, Tuesday, February 15, 2022. Submittals received after this date will not be accepted. Please contact stats@usatf.org for verification procedures.
All athletes must be 2022 members of USATF in good standing. USATF memberships may be purchased online or through your local Association Office.
Athletes must be bona fide members of a 2022 USATF club in order to represent a club. An athlete's current club affiliation can be viewed in his/her member profile and as part of the online entry process. Athletes wishing to change affiliations can make such a request through their local USATF Association (note that this request must be made by the athlete - see Regulation 7 in the USATF Governance Manual, Section III). All club affiliations must be finalized by close of declarations (Thursday, February 17, 2022). No club changes will be accepted after this date for the USATF Indoor Championships.
In addition to a club affiliation, athletes are able to represent one (1) corporate sponsor. This corporate sponsor must be a registered USATF Corporate Member and be part of the athlete's member profile. Corporate Membership applications can be obtained by sending an e-mail to membership@usatf.org. *Note: All sponsor affiliations must be finalized by close of declarations. No sponsor changes will be accepted after this date for the Indoor Championships.
Athletes wishing to represent a branch of the Armed Forces of the United States must be registered with the membership committee of their local USATF Association.
Pole Vault Transfers
An allocation of funds will be provided first to the defending U.S. Indoor Champion in each event, and then to the top three (3) ranked indoor performers based on the 2022 U.S. Indoor List of marks achieved from November 12, 2021 – February 13, 2022 (qualifying deadline). Note: For the multi-events, the qualifying period is January 1, 2021 through February 13, 2022. Please note the qualifying window to achieve marks is not the same as the qualifying period for travel funding.
If the defending U.S. Indoor Champion is not entered by the on-time entry deadline (Tuesday, February 15, 2022 by 11:59 p.m. PT), funding will then be allocated to the top four (4) ranked performers in each event who have entered by the on-time entry deadline (February 15, 2022) and who have met the qualifying mark as of the qualifying deadline (February 13, 2022).
TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS
For these allocations, funds will be awarded to the top ranked athletes in the distances/disciplines being contested at the Championships and NOT FOR TIMES OR DISTANCES ACHIEVED IN ALTERNATE QUALIFYING DISTANCES/TIMES (i.e. rank in the 1500m, but not Mile). The only exception to this would be in the case of the allocation to the Defending Champion, who simply needs to be ENTERED AND QUALIFIED by the deadline in order to be allocated and, therefore, could use an alternate distance/time.
MULTI EVENTS
For these allocations, funds will be awarded to the top ranked athletes in the distances/disciplines being contested at the Championships and not for times or distances achieved in alternate qualifying distances/times (i.e. rank in the Pentathlon (women), but not Heptathlon or Heptathlon (Men), but not Pentathlon or Decathlon). The only exception to this would be in the case of the allocation to the Defending Champion, who simply needs to be entered and qualified in order to be allocated and, therefore, could use an alternate distance/time.
In order to be eligible for the USATF Indoor Championships travel allocations, an athlete must be a current USATF member in good standing; must have entered and achieved qualifying mark between November 12, 2021 – February 13, 2022 (qualifying deadline); and must be a citizen of the United States of America who is eligible to represent the U.S. in international competition. Dual Citizens, please take note.
POST TRAVEL FUNDING
In addition to the payments as described above, an allocation of funds will be provided to those athletes who were not allocated funding prior to the USATF Indoor Championships but who place in the top three (3) in their event at the 2022 USATF Indoor Championships.
TRAVEL FUNDING BREAKDOWN
An allocation of funds in the amount of $1,000 will be provided to athletes in each event who meet the funding criteria above. Athletes will only be eligible to receive travel funding if they are entered and declared by the respective deadlines. Athletes must compete in the 2022 USATF Indoor Championships to receive travel funding. Athletes who qualify for travel funding before the event will receive funds prior to the start of the event, but must return the funds if they ultimately do not compete at the Championships.
TRAVEL FUNDING DISTRIBUTION
Athletes who qualify for pre-allocations will receive their checks at Credential pick-up at the Championships. Athletes who qualify for post travel funding will receive via ACH (direct deposit) after prize money payments are processed.
If an athlete with collegiate eligibility covered their own travel expenses and is approved to receive funding, the university compliance representative should reach out to USATF via email (Sariyu.Suggs@usatf.org) to provide details/verification of the actual and necessary amount the athlete is eligible to receive.
Athletes who are eligible to receive travel funding for this event are required to complete:
IRS Form W-9 Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification: Eligible athletes can email Sariyu.Suggs@usatf.org to request the electronic form link (via Team Works). The email should include, name, event name, and phone number where you can be reached. Athletes who already have a W9 on file that need to make updates to mailing address, name change, or tax classification can also email Sariyu.Suggs@usatf.org to request the electronic form link (via Team Works).
ACH (Direct Deposit Form) will also be a requirement: USATF will reach out to the eligible athlete to request this information via an electronic form (via Team Works).
Please make sure your contact information (email address and phone number) is up-to-date under your USATF Connect profile.
Please be aware that travel funding payments will be reported to the IRS as reportable income and is subject to federal, state, and local income tax. Since no taxes are being withheld by USATF, you may have a tax liability at the time you file your tax return and you may want to consider setting aside some funds for this purpose. If the amount of reportable income including all stipends, prize money, etc. is $600 or more cumulative during a tax year, USATF will issue a 1099 MISC. Receipts for travel may qualify for deductions against this reported income. Please contact a tax advisor for further information. USATF is not offering tax advice, but recipients of USATF funding and benefits are advised to retain their own tax professionals to receive guidance regarding tax implications.
Awards & Prize Money
A Gold Medal, emblematic of the Championships of the United States of America, will be given to the winner of each Championship event, a Silver Medal to second place, and Bronze Medals to both third and fourth places.
For the 2022 USATF Indoor Championships, USATF will pay prize money to the first through fifth place finishers in each Championship event. The prize structure is as follows:
3rd - $2,500
4th - $1,500
Athletes with remaining collegiate eligibility should check with their university compliance department to see if they are eligible to receive this prize money according to NCAA rules. If an athlete with collegiate eligibility is approved to receive prize money, the university compliance representative should reach out to USATF via email (Sariyu.Suggs@usatf.org) to provide details/verification of the actual and necessary amount the athlete is eligible to receive.
Athletes are eligible to receive prize money in more than one event.
Athletes who are eligible to receive prize money for this event are required to complete:
IRS Form W-9 Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification: Eligible athletes can email Sariyu.Suggs@usatf.org to request the electronic form link (via Team Works. The email should include, name, event name, and phone number where you can be reached. Athletes who already have a W9 on file that need to make updates to mailing address, name change, or tax classification can also email Sariyu.Suggs@usatf.org to request the electronic form link (via Team Works).
Please be aware that prize money payments will be reported to the IRS as reportable income and is subject to federal, state, and local income tax. Since no taxes are being withheld by USATF, you may have a tax liability at the time you file your tax return and you may want to consider setting aside some funds for this purpose. If the amount of reportable income including all stipends, prize money, etc. is $600 or more cumulative during a tax year, USATF will issue a 1099 MISC. USATF is not offering tax advice, but recipients of USATF funding and benefits are advised to retain their own tax professionals to receive guidance regarding tax implications.
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