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Jeff Delaney
The Weird History of JavaScript
The history of JavaScript is almost as weird as the language itself. Over the last 25 years, it has exploded from a rushed prototype for Netscape to the world's most widely used programming language. Here's how it happened, I guess...
Let there be JavaScript
1990 - 1999. During this period, we see the birth of JavaScript and its standardization through ECMA to version 3 (ES3).
Christmas Day 1990. The world's first modern web browser, WorldWideWeb (later renamed to Nexus), is developed by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in Switzerland. Take it for a spin.
December 1991. The High Performance Computing Act is passed (Gore Bill). Al Gore is later hilariously misquoted as having "invented the Internet".
January 1993 The Mosaic Browser is developed by Marc Andreessen
and Eric Bina at the University of Illinois with funds from the Gore bill. It takes off as the first mainstream web browser 🚀.
Early 1995. Netscape (co-founded by Marc Andreessen) was growing rapidly to nearly 80% of the browser market share, but web designers needed a "glue" language to make their sites more dynamic. At first, they turned to Java, but realized something more dynamic and approachable was needed.
May 1995. Brendan Eich is recruited to put "Scheme in the browser", but was under pressure to produce a prototype quickly with the threat of Microsoft beating them to the punch.
Ten days later... He creates a language called Mocha. It has the syntax of Java, first-class functions like Scheme, dynamic types like Lisp, and prototypes like Self.
September 1995. It is renamed to LiveScript for marketing reasons.
December 1995. It is renamed to JavaScript for marketing reasons.
August 1996. Microsoft reverse engineers JavaScript and ships it with Internet Explorer 3, but calls it JScript for marketing legal reasons.
November 1996. Microsoft is crushing their competition with an internal culture of "embrace, extend, and exterminate", yikes 😬. Netscape submits documentation to standardize JavaScript with ECMA International.
June 1997. The first standardized version of JavaScript (ES1) is approved by the TC-39 committee as ECMA-262 or ECMAScript. It has many of the features we use in JS today, like first-class functions, objects, and prototypal inheritance.
June 1998. ES2 is standardized, mostly unchanged.
December 1999. ES3 is standardized, adding support for strict equality, exception handling, and more. It will stand for the next 10 years.
The Dark Ages
2000 - 2008. After the tech bubble bursts, JS experiences numerous setbacks and the failure of ES4.
March 2000. The tech bubble bursts.
Sometime later... A wide range of features are proposed for ES4, like classes, interfaces, optional types, and other mechanics aimed at large enterprise needs. Douglas Crockford from Yahoo raises concerns that the proposal is too complex and bloated, Microsoft agrees.
The TC-39 committee decides to develop ECMAScript 3.1 (the simple version) and ECMAScript 4 (the enterprise version) in parallel. Ultimately, this approach fails and ES4 never sees the light of day.
Meanwhile... Microsoft's Internet Explorer is dominating with approx 90% of the browser market share. They contribute to ECMAScript, but mostly play by their own rules, shipping new features for JS in their browser. Most notably, AJAX sets the stage for the single page applications of the future.
August 2006. John Resig creates JQuery. The library addresses extremely-frustrating issues related to cross-browser compatibility that existed at the time. It also provides a well-documented terse API that sets a new standard for the "developer experience". Today, it remains the most widely used JS library in terms of actual page loads.
September 2008. Google releases the Chrome Browser and open-sources its high-performance runtime, called the V8 engine. It opens the door to new possibilities...
2009 - 2015. JavaScript goes fullstack and sees prolific growth in its dev ecosystem
May 2009. Ryan Dahl develops NodeJS with Google's V8 project. It is unique for its ability to run non-blocking code with an event loop on the server. It gives rise to the JavaScript Everywhere paradigm.
December 2009. Exactly 10 years after ES3 we finally see a new version of JavaScript - ES5. It adds a conservative set of new features based on ES3.1 like strict mode, accessors, and JSON.
October 2010. Both AngularJS and Backbone frameworks see their initial releases. They become extremely popular for different reasons - Angular was declarative and opinionated, while backbone was imperative and minimal. This marks the beginning of the modern single page application (SPA) and "framework churn".
May 2013. Facebook releases ReactJS. It sees rapid growth in the years ahead solidifies the declarative UI patterns used in many apps today.
Dozens of other frontend, backend, and fullstack frameworks emerge roughly around this time period, like Angular, Ember, Meteor, Sails, Vue, Svelte, Mithril, Knockout, Polymer, just to name a few.
2015 - present. A ton of new features land in ES6 changing the way modern JS devs write their code.
2015. ES6 brings a ton of new features to the language (many of which originated in the failed ES4), such as let/const, arrow functions, classes, promises, and more. It gives rise to transpilers like Babel and Typescript, so developers can write modern code, but still support legacy browsers that run ES5/3.
2016 ES7. We get minor changes, like Array.includes(). Most importantly, ECMA is now making small changes on an annual basis.
2017 ES8. We get Async Await!
2018 ES9. We get Rest/Spread syntax!
2019. ES10. More small, but useful updates have been finalized. Should be out this summer.
Where does JavaScript go from here? Will WASM replace JS? Will microfrontends make React obsolete? Will the new tech bubble burst?
Only time will tell, stay tuned for Part II in 2045!
Top comments (12)
Derk-Jan Karrenbeld
Still a random idiot
Some comp. sci. @ Delft, University of Technology
Partner & Operations Manager at XP Bytes
• Jun 22 '19
"Most used" via "StackOverflow" is not (necessarily) most used. The StackOverflow survey is not a good representation and deriving such language/facts from it is also not good, scientific practise, unless you really think that 70 percent of all programmers are white westerners.
Creator of Fireship.io. Google Developer Expert.
• Jun 22 '19 • Edited on Jun 22
How about GitHub? JS has at least 2x more usage than #2 Python, and that doesn't even include TS. octoverse.github.com
No single stat is perfect, but the combined picture seems to point to JS
Github is also, unfortunately, not a perfect reflection. The issue with most of these sources is that they reflect mostly three things:
Western world (and in GH's case also China and India)
English speaking world
I am not saying that it's limited to that, but as I've worked in Enterprise software the first few years of my engineering life, I can absolutely tell you, with 100% certainty, that the majority of professional software is written in Java, C(++/#), PHP and Python, whereas the latter is more scientific than enterprise.
These enterprise software repositories are more likely to live on private repos, SVN and/or Microsoft TeamServer. They won't show up in these reports at all. This is one of the reasons you see such a difference between these surveys and the code indices such as TIOBE's
The JavaScript community is loud. It's young (in its developers ages), vibrant but most importantly very very loud. This makes it seem like it is popular, and it makes it sound like it's most used, but I don't think either of us can, with the two resources you've given, declare that, which is why I don't.
Thread Thread
Massimo Artizzu
Senior web developer 🔥 ~ conf speaker 🎙 ~ loves science 🔭, art 🎨, rugby 🏉 ~ reinventing a better wheel 🎡
Consultant at Antreem
The issue with most of these sources is that they reflect mostly three things:
How does one's mother language and country affect their programming language of choice? Or rather, prevent or hinder the adoption of JavaScript?
I've worked in Enterprise software the first few years of my engineering life
Out of curiosity, what years are we talking about?
Anyway, I won't argue with your impression that JavaScript isn't the most used language, but it's just that: your impression. As far as facts check out, GitHub and StackOverflow are way more representative of the industry than your single case.
What would you say about npm, then? Being as large as the next 5 largest module registries combined, and 3.5x larger than Maven Central?
These enterprise software repositories are more likely to live on private repos, SVN and/or Microsoft TeamServer.
… which can version front-end and Node projects as well.
The JavaScript community is loud.
Is that your explanation of JavaScript's allegedly apparent popularity? That doesn't seem to have a solid leg to stand on, IMO.
I'm sorry if I've come across as overly assertive in this conversation. I feel passionately about the fact that many of the tools/surveys/etc that people use are not representative of the wider non-white-western world and it's frustrating to me when things like StackOverflow survey are used as if they are facts.
I should not have responded to the "fact" with my 100% certainty that is a "fact in disguise", when I can't back up that what I try to communicate with a simple single resource.
Instead, I think it's worth asking whether "Most used" on "StackOverflow" equals to most-used on a global scale and of different technologies. When reading the GitHub octoverse results, I ask myself, does this provide a good representation of global usage? Are all backgrounds covered? Do the survey demographics match that of the programming world?
I've left the rest of this comment intact -- but please read it with the above in mind.
/endofedit
It affects where you look for help and thus which surveys you might fill in or which statistics you contribute to. It also means that educational material might not be available in your native language.
2008-2012; I still communicate with the people I worked with then, but try to avoid Enterprise for this part of my life 😅😅
Please look exactly at what I said. All I said was that the surveys as given by the OP are not representative and can not be used to make a blanket statement that JavaScript is the most popular/used/xxx language. It is not a complete picture. I supported that statement, that the surveys are not representative, by giving anecdotal data. I then followed it up by saying that I am 100% certain the majority of software is not written in JavaScript. That is not an impression, but based on experience, indices, job offers.
Again, the facts as given are highly skewed and not representative. The TIOBE index among many is a far better indicator. It has to be said that this doesn't look at most lines written or perceived best language.
Don't forget that whilst you'll be given so many job offers for JS based jobs on GitHub and via StackOverlow, that is because you're in a bubble. I get weekly email digest from my industry in The Netherlands, Greater London and Paris, which are all bubbles, and the majority of offers is for .NET, Java and PHP with JS/TS coming in as a closed fourth. All data points to support the fact that these are all bubbles. If you look at my resume, it actually makes sense to hire me for JS jobs, yet those are not the majority of offers.
For example, you know how many microcontrollers there are in the world? They're in your fridge, your car, your coffee machine, your microwave, to name a few, and apart from a few hobbiest writing for them in different languages, they are 100% written in C. Not 50%, but 100%.
According to Hackerrank in 2016 It's Python, Java, C, C# and Ruby which dominate Fintech, among other industries, which exactly matches the e-mails I get for these industries in 2019. Again, not saying this means that they are more popular, but means that once you are outside of the GH/SO bubble, there is a different picture painted.
That's not the point. It's a likely explanation why the GitHub stats don't have those projects.
OSS and the use of packages and modules is, by my experience, far greater and better in the JS/TS ecosystem. Does that mean there is more JS written in quantity? No. Does that mean there is more JS maintained in quantity? No. Does that mean that people publish more JS packages, especially as OSS? Most certainly.
These statistics don't compare fire-and-forget packages, nor the fact that OSS feeds OSS, which is probably bigger in JS/TS land. I can find far fewer packages in OSS when devving in C# for example. This doesn't say anything about its popularity, but only about the OSS bubble of that language.
No, it's one of the explanations that people like the OP think that the SO and GH surveys are representative for the programming world.
I think there's an underlying misunderstanding in all this discussion. I don't think anyone ever thought GH or SO were perfect mirrors of the language usage of the industry. That would be gullible. But, you know, they're the best we have.
Knowing that nothing will even be a perfect statistic representation, should we flat out stop saying anything about it?
On GitHub, JavaScript is the most used language by a long shot.
On Stack Overflow, it's the most discussed, by a long shot.
Among package registries, npm is the largest. By a long shot.
I won't say that three clues make a proof, of course. But we're not talking about "JavaScript is 15% ahead of LanguageX", but rather an order of magnitude. I think it's pretty reasonable to draw conclusions, although without exact numbers.
Stack Overflow's co-founder Jeff Atwood, who is not a JavaScript developer (rather a .NET dev) stated his famous law in 2007: "Any application that can be written in JavaScript, will eventually be written in JavaScript." And in 2007 we didn't even have a lot of things that made JavaScript so popular: Chrome, Node.js, Angular, React, ...
Personally, I find Stack Overflow's usage quite interesting because - assuming no language/environment is significantly more difficult than another - it's about the struggles of everyday's users, and their direct experiences.
On the other hand, I feel you're playing as the devil's advocate here. Don't mistake me, it's often an important role, as it can lead to find trivial oversights. And yet, even with all your considerations, I fail to see how those aspects can mean an effective bias.
For example, the spoken language. Granted that most of the surveys and Q&A sites are in English, so developers who don't speak English (well) are less likely to use them, it still doesn't explain why this should affect the numbers. Does the English-speaking community lean towards JavaScript? If yes, how? And how much?
What about SVN and TS? Is there a reason to believe that private repositories contain, proportionally, less JavaScript than GitHub (at least the part that's public)?
Your reference to Hackerrank is indeed interesting, but: a) 2016 is three years ago, which could be considered a long time in IT, and b) interviews are influenced by the market's offer.
The application field, on the contrary, is definitely a factor. Of course the gaming industry will push for low-level, high performing languages such as C; and the scientific community is shifting towards Python thanks to its well-crafted libraries. I don't think anyone will even contest these points, as there are clear reasons.
But we're looking at the overall picture here.
Sorry for the lengthy post - but I want to let you know that, in the end, you actually made think and ponder 🖖
Given your response, yes I would never use either of those three statistics or the combination to make a blanket statement that X is the most popular because, as you state, we can't. I think it's misleading and uninformed.
We can say plenty using those three stats without making assumptions and call them as if they're facts :).
I can go into the specific questions you ask later, when I have the capability to give you an articulated response, but for now I'd would say: I'm glad I made you think about it, yes I am partially playing the devil's advocate because I wánt people to think about it and yes: I think there is far less JS comparatively on non-github svns, which ties in with less open source, less packaging and more enterprise and closed source software.
Do I think JS will keep growing? DEFINITELY! Will I use SO and GH as the source to determine that it's the most popular language? Personally I will never for the reasons I've mentioned so far, until I can be more certain that they are a good reflection of the programming world as a whole.
Also: thank you so much for taking the time and writing it like you did. ❤❤❤
Pablo Andrés Dorado Suárez
Keep hacking! Learning, and sharing my knowledge. A firm believer in the power of technology to change lives. Technology enthusiast from an early age; I've been coding since 11.
B.S. Computer Science at Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Development Researcher at Bloque
• Oct 24 '22
Loved it ❤
I'm currently writing a book about Deno, and I'm kinda stuck in the part of writing about the history of Javascript, since I've noticed that mostly of what's written about it on the internet comes in the form of either blogposts, or articles that don't include a complete view of the details and nuances that form the history of the language. However, your article and video seem to do the trick.
Do you think there's a chance I can use it to support my research process, and maybe to cite you as a source for the book? (You can find what i've been building on GitHub).
Jonathan Kuhl
I am a software development engineer in test for Infosys. My job is officially to write automated tests in Selenium Webdriver. I'm also a web developer as a hobbyest
Daniel Webster College, Perdue Global
.NET developer at Aetna Inc (Infosys)
Saw it on my Youtube feed and gave it a watch. Very informative. Thanks.
rvakid82
Just another designer struggling to learn code
I was recommended this article as part of a beginners guide to JavaScript. I didn't think it was possible to be more confused than I was but here I am
Sharon Lau
Hi! I'm a junior front-end developer. Nice to meet you! 😆
sharonlau@brandeis.edu
• Nov 17 '21
A brief yet thorough introduction to the evolution of JavaScript. Just step into the field and found this to be a really nice learning resource. 👍
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Болеслав Лесьмян (Bolesław Leśmian, 22 січня 1877 — 5 листопада 1937) — польський поет, представник символізму.

Життєпис
Походив з ополяченої єврейської родини. Справжнє прізвище Лесман. Народився у Варшаві в 1877 році. Дитинство та юність провів у Києві. Закінчив юридичний факультет Імператорського університету Святого Володимира. Дебютував в літературі у 1899 році. У 1901 році повернувся до Варшави. У 1901-07 співпрацював у журналах «Химера» (польськомовний), «Золоте руно» і «Терези» (російськомовні). Потім деякий час подорожував Німеччиною та Францією.

В 1911 році заснував у Варшаві експериментальний Художній театр, потім був літературним керівником театру в Лодзі. З 1912 до 1914 року мешкав у Франції, де оженився.

З 1918 до 1922 року як нотаріус працював у Грубешові, а з 1922 до 1935 року — у Замості. У 1933 році обраний членом Польської академії літератури. 1935 року разом із родиною перебирається до Варшави. Помер тут 1937 року.

Двоюрідним братом Болеслава Лесьмяна був інший відомий польський поет, чия біографія пов'язана з Україною, — Ян Бжехва.

Творчість
Почавши творчий шлях як представник польського символізму, Лесьмян став одним з найбільш оригінальних польських ліриків XX ст. Розквіт творчості припадає на 1920-1930-ті роки. Літературний шлях його не був встелений трояндами. Першу та єдину літературну нагороду він одержав у п'ятдесят чотири роки, і називалась вона «Премія молодих».

Для його збірок «Сад на роздоріжжі» (1912), «Лука» (1920), «Тінявий напій» (українською перекладають також як «Студене питво») (1936), «Лісове дійство» (1938) та "Польських оповідок" (1956) характерні злиття умовного казкового світу з реальним, прагнення, іноді забарвлене містицизмом, до повного розчинення в природі. У деформованому, фантастичному, часом гротескному світі поезії Лесьмяна оживають мотиви народних легенд і вірувань.

Лесьмяну належить обробка мотивів казок з «Тисячі та однієї ночі»: «Казки про Сезам» (1913), «Пригоди Синдбада-Мореплавця» (1914).

Чому Лесьмяна не було почуто? Про польську поезію сказано, що часом вона полякам заміняла Батьківщину. Над новою поезією, що здобула незалежність, сягали тіні Адама Міцкевича, Юліуша Словацького, Ципріана Норвіда. Лісові видіння Лесьмяна здавалися духовним відлюдництвом. Але таким був характер його обдарованості. Його розумна, сумна поезія текла, як ріка в ущелині, й ніхто не зумів побачити її глибини… І лише через чверть століття його поезія повернулася в польську культуру, – і переможницею. Його вірші кладуть на музику, співають, вивчають, а головне – видають і читають.

Українською мовою вірші Лесьмяна перекладали Василь Боровий, Віктор Коптілов, Дмитро Павличко, Олександр Астаф'єв, Галина Гордасевич, Яків Гудемчук, Юлія Булаховська, Маріанна Кіяновська, Наталія Бельченко, Ростислав Радишевський, Євген Самохваленко, Валентина Соболь, Богдан Завідняк. У перекладацькому доробку Юрія Бедрика — вся Лесьмянова збірка "Лука", драматична поема "Лісове дійство" та ще кілька десятків поезій.

У 2017 році вперше в Україні поет і перекладач Юлія Лискун видала збірку, до якої увійшли 150 перекладених поезій Болеслава Лесьмяна під назвою "Поезія для обраних", а також окремою збіркою 15 його балад.

Поетеса та перекладачка з Кам'янця-Подільського Юлія Лискун - палка прихильниця улюбленого поета - також створила фільм "Болеслав Лесьмян. Повернення в Україну", який можна переглянути у Ютубі.

Стиль
Вірші Болеслава Лесьмяна відрізняються різноманітністю лексики — використанням архаїзмів, діалектизмів, оригінальних неологізмів.

Його особливий характер творчості визначив тип уяви автора, той «двигун марень», як сам себе він назвав, вдало схарактеризувавши у вірші «Поет»:

Зароїлось в садах від веснянок та завірюх, –

З дороги! – Йде поет – небесний кендюх!

Переляк у хмарах, бо він зі світом на ножах (це знає кожен), -

Увага! – Нічого перед таким схоронитись не може.

Даль у шибці, сонце у цебрі, у колодязі світанок! Диво!

Правом сну із-за ярів він все собі привласнив особливо.

Вірші укладає таємні – золотисті – умерлі,

Змори – запанібрата… Зміст, коли в риму складає,

Потом по ньому стікає, аж інакшим на разі стає.

Охоче ловить зміст, де сльози по-справжньому ллє,

Але насправді той, переінакшений, кохає…

І з захланною радістю мутиться йому голова,

Коли неможливе поєднає в два прилеглих слова.

А слово по небі волочиться та байдики б'є, –

І вдає, що значить щось більше, ніж воно є.

І по тому ж небі – з тієї ж обманної сторони –

Задивлений в поета, знавець слова, – Бог плине.

Бачить його нездатність заробити,

І те, що тільки в снах, по-справжньому,

Він може жити.

(Переклад Юлії Лискун)

Література
 Лесьмян Болеслав. Поезії: Степ; "О степе, барельєфу плито золотава!"; "Шкреблі скачуть, хижі почвариська шкреблі..." / Переклад Ю. Бедрика // Ї: Незалежний культурологічний часопис. — 1997. — № 10. — С. 136—139.
 Лесьмян Болеслав. Пригоди Синдбада-мореплавця / Перекл. з польської В. Дмитрук. — Львів: Кальварія, 2007. — 208 с.: іл.
 Лесьмян Болеслав. Зі збірки "Лука" (1920): Гад; Душивчик; Свідрига й Мідрига; Пилка; Зелений дзбан; Балада безлюдна / Перекл. з польської Юрій Бедрик // Кур'єр Кривбасу. — 2008. — Травень — червень. — С. 242—250.
 Лесьмян Болеслав. Ангели / Перекл. з польської М. Кіяновська. — К.: Дух і Літера, 2019. — 98 с.
 Лесьмян Болеслав. Весняні сновидіння: Вибрані поезії / Перекл. з польської О. Астаф'єв, Ю. Бедрик, Н. Бельченко, Ю. Булаховська, В. Боровий, Г. Гордасевич, М. Кіяновська, Д. Павличко, Р. Радишевський та ін.; передмова та упорядкув. Р. Радишевський. — К.: Талком, 2019. — 640 с.: іл. — (Проект "Бібліотека польської літератури").
 Антологія польської поезії. — Т. 2. — К.: Дніпро, 1979. — С. 25—34.
 Trznadel J., Twórczość Leśmiana, Warsz., 1964
 Auteurs européens du début du XXe siècle: anthologie en langue, sous la direction de Jean-Claude Polet, Bruxelles, 2002
Юлія Лискун. - "Болеслав Лесьмян. Поезія для обраних". Видавець ПП Зволейко Д.Г. Камянець-Подільський - 2017
Юлія Лискун  "Болеслав Лесьмян. Поезія для обраних. Балади" Видавець ПП Зволейко Д. Г. Камянець-Подільський 2018
Юлія Лискун "Болеслав Лесьмян. Повернення в Україну", 2018 р. фільм у Ютубі.

Посилання

Примітки

Польські поети
Казкарі
Польські євреї
Випускники юридичного факультету Київського університету
Уродженці Варшави
Померли у Варшаві
Члени Польської академії літератури

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


for internal or external locations.
The eyebolts can be either fixed directly to the structure or be mounted on a pedestal.
The UniRail abseil system is a quality extruded aluminium rail system, which provides a high level of user safety combined with an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
UniRail offers excellent functionality through it's free flowing attachment carriage and with no brackets to pass over.
The system is also capable of navigating corners and contours in the building or structure to provide complete design flexibility.
The system can be fitted to steel beams, concrete and brickwork.
The RoofSafe Rail is best suited to modern building projects, in particular for roof access and as an anchor point for suspended work positioning for external façade access, inspection and maintenance.
The roof mounted rail meets the requirements of both abseil and fall protection standards and can be fixed to the roof system with minor penetrations or using clamps.
Roofsafe Rail is a quality extruded aluminium rail system, which provides a high level of user safety combined with a very aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Roofsafe Rail offers excellent functionality through it's free flowing attachment carriage and with no brackets to pass over, the users experience with the system is truly hands free. The system is also capable of navigating corners and changes of direction in the building or structure to provide complete design flexibility.
The system can be fitted to built up metal profiled roofs and standing seam roofs and can support multiple workers.


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Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2 Release Date And Everything Else
The plot of 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit' will centre around Roger Rabbit getting disowned by his parents because he is a toon.
Looks like somebody finally heard our prayers and decided to bring back all our favorite toons in action. 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2' will be a sequel to the 1988 film- 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit' directed by Robert Zemeckis.
The film had so much potential but was all lost to the competitive war between Spielberg and Disney over custody. Anyhow, we will be getting a sequel to the film and hopefully, it will be worth the wait.
Here are all the details that you need to know about the film ahead of its release—
Release Date of Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2:
The sequel of this film is scheduled to screen in theatres near you by February 18, 2022. As of now, the film is currently in the pre-production phase and due to the pandemic, the operations have come to halt. Stay tuned for more updates on the final release date.
Cast of Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2:
Bob Hoskins plays Eddie Valiant, Charles Fleischer will be the voice of Roger Rabbit and Benny the Cab. April Winchell is going to voice Mrs. Herman and Tony Anselmo will be giving life to Donal Duck with his voice. Kathleen Turner will also be featured in this film as she will be voicing Jessica Rabbit.
Come back again to see the updated list of the cast for 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2'
Plot of Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2:
The plot of 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit' will center around Roger Rabbit getting disowned by his parents because he is a toon. He sets off a quest to LA to find his real mommy and daddy. On the way, he meets a girl named Jessica, and she goes on to be his wife. In a twist of the tale, he gets sent to the military to fight the Nazis.
We still do not have the exact plot of the sequel but stay tuned for major updates on 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2'.
Trailer of Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2:
The film has just been announced this year, so you will have to wait for the trailer for a little longer.
Stay tuned to The Hollywood Tribune for latest updates on 'Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2' and more news from Hollywood and Beyond. To get pre-notified regarding the release dates, Subscribe to our website and Share this post with the ones you would love to watch this season with.
Tags: Who Framed Roger RabbitWho Framed Roger Rabbit 2Who Framed Roger Rabbit 2 plotWho Framed Roger Rabbit 2 release date
Mortal Kombat Movie Release Date And What Is The Storyline?
Popeye Release Date And What Can We Expect From It?
AJ And The Queen Season 2: Everything We Know

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
MAEd in Teaching and Multiple Subject Teaching Credential
More Teacher Education Programs
Start times are available throughout the year—fall, spring, and summer. The upcoming application deadlines are:
Summer 2022: April 1, 2022
Fall 2022: July 25, 2022
Spring 2023: November 28, 2022
Summer 2023: March 31, 2023
Informational Meetings
Prospective students may attend an informational meeting prior to submitting an application. Complete details regarding admission and specific program requirements, advising, and general information are discussed at information meetings. For details on upcoming dates, meeting locations, or registration, check the School of Education's information meeting calendar or call (626) 815-5376.
Admission Requirements—Domestic Applicants
The university graduate and program admission requirements below must be met before an application is considered complete.
Graduate application for admission
$45 nonrefundable application fee
Official transcripts from all institutions leading to and awarding the applicant's bachelor's degree from a regionally accredited institution and all postbaccalaureate study
An official transcript is one that Azusa Pacific University receives unopened in an envelope sealed by the former institution and that bears the official seal of the college or university. A cumulative minimum 3.0 (on a 4.0 scale) grade-point average on the posted degree is required for regular admission status. Provisional admittance may be granted to individuals with a lower GPA if competency can be shown through multiple measures.
Two recommendations that assess competence and character. Appropriate recommendations include those who have supervised the applicant's leadership or teaching experience with children/youth in public or private settings, an employer who directly supervised the applicant, or one faculty/academic reference. References from neighbors, friends, and relatives are not appropriate, unless they have served as supervisors. Additional letters are optional.
Résumé (preferred) or statement of experience including the most relevant work and volunteer experience
One- to two-page personal statement addressing the following topics: experiences from the applicant's background that may enhance the teaching experience; the most rewarding and challenging aspects of working with youth; why the applicant wants to teach; preferred grade level and content areas and why; and how the applicant envisions supporting the success of all students and contributing to the profession. Written communication skills will be assessed along with content.
Proof of Certificate of Clearance (COC). Applicants for Summer or Fall Terms must have a COC valid through January 31. Applicants for the Spring Term must have a COC valid through June 30. View instructions on Obtaining a Certificate of Clearance. Applicants are encouraged to begin this step as soon as possible to allow time for the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing to process your information.
Proof the Basic Skills Requirement has been satisfied
Proof of subject matter preparation or proof of paid registration for the next appropriate California Subject Examinations for Teachers (CSET) administration (view teacher test preparation resources)
Send official transcripts to:
Graduate and Professional Center
Office of Graduate and Professional Admissions
Azusa, CA 91702-7000
gpadmissions@apu.edu
Watch the Application Tutorial
After all admission materials have been received by the Graduate and Professional Center, the faculty or department chair reviews the applicant's file. The applicant is notified in writing of the admission decision.
Admission Requirements—International Applicants
Azusa Pacific University is authorized under federal law by the U.S. Citizen and Immigration Services and the U.S. Department of State to enroll nonimmigrant, alien undergraduate and graduate students. APU issues and administers both the I-20 and DS 2019 (F-1 and J-1 status documents respectively).
To apply for a graduate program at APU, the following requirements must be fulfilled in addition to meeting the domestic applicant and program-specific admission requirements specified above.
International applicants must also:
Demonstrate proficiency in English through a placement test with the American Language and Culture Institute (ALCI), or through a TOEFL/IELTS score that meets program-specific requirements. Refer to APU's English proficiency requirements to learn more. Request that official test scores be sent to APU. All other forms of proof indicated in the English proficiency requirements must be submitted directly to the International Center. Applicants applying for conditional admission through the American Language and Culture Institute (ALCI) must apply to both ALCI and the academic program. Read about ALCI admission requirements.
Provide a Graduate Affidavit of Financial Support (PDF) and a bank statement from within the last six months proving financial ability to pay for education costs through personal, family, or sponsor resources.
Submit a copy of a valid passport showing biographical data, including your name, country of citizenship, date of birth, and other legal information.
Get foreign transcripts evaluated. International credentials (transcripts, certificates, diplomas, and degrees) must be evaluated by a foreign transcript evaluation agency. View our policy and a list of approved Foreign Transcript Evaluation Agencies.
Cost per unit
Base cost
$29,700–$31,725*
CTC, NCATE, WSCUC (formerly WASC)
Azusa (main campus), High Desert, Murrieta, Orange County, San Diego
Start Your ApplicationContact Your Representative
All stated financial information is subject to change. View additional tuition information.


text:
Big dig at Cascadia
Cascadia Community College President Bill Christopher joked that he wanted a bulldozer to commemorate the event.
by Andy Nystrom
Tuesday, June 3, 2008 1:17pm
Participating in the groundbreaking ceremony for the Center for Global Learning and the Arts at Cascadia Community College May 20 are: (from left to right) David Miller
Senator, state reps on hand for groundbreaking
However, eight shovels would have to work in the hands of a state senator, a pair of state representatives and other prominent figures. In all, 10 people took center stage on the Cascadia north lawn May 20 for the groundbreaking of the new Center for Global Learning and the Arts.
Construction on the 54,300-square-foot building was scheduled to begin May 27. The $35 million center is slated to open winter quarter 2010.
"This building is a critical piece of our plan. I think we're on a roll here," Michael Martino, Cascadia Board of Trustees chair, told the crowd of about 50. "Our friends in Legislature have helped us with their vote of confidence and getting money from the state."
The center will feature classrooms, faculty offices, language labs, art studios and gallery space and a showbox theater/multi-purpose room, according to Margaret Sprug of The Miller Hull Partnership architects. Hoffman Construction is the contractor on the job.
"It's a historic occasion to expand to this beautiful hillside," said Sen. Rosemary McAuliffe. "It's a great part of economic development for this town and the surrounding towns."
Added Rep. Mark Ericks: "The completion of this building in 2010 is not the end of it. We have another one to go — a science building."
In Cascadia's continuing commitment to the environment, the new building is on track to surpass state standards and achieve the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold Standard for sustainability, which is determined by the U.S. Green Building Council.
The Center for Global Learning and the Arts signifies Phase Two of Cascadia's master plan for development, and the next building is scheduled for completion by 2025.
Rhones educate people after drunk-driving death
Entrepreneurship competition heats up


The signing came more than four hours into Trump and Kim's meeting in Singapore, an encounter aimed at easing decades of tensions between two foes that last year had seemed on the verge of nuclear conflict. Asian stock markets showed little reaction after the ceremony, as investors such as Low waited to find out what was in the document.
(Bloomberg) Jason Low summed it up after U.S. President Donald Trump signed what he called a "comprehensive document" with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un.
The signing came more than four hours into Trump and Kim's meeting in Singapore, an encounter aimed at easing decades of tensions between two foes that last year had seemed on the verge of nuclear conflict.
Asian stock markets showed little reaction after the ceremony, as investors such as Low waited to find out what was in the document.
Here are the views of other market participants.


text:
White Paper: The Role that Pressure Monitoring Plays in Gas Distribution
Under Pressure: It can take a catastrophe to bring about safety reform
Matt Besch
On September 13, 2018, explosions rocked the communities of Lawrence, Andover and North Andover in the Merrimack Valley region of Massachusetts. Once the dust settled, hundreds of homes were burning, more than a dozen people were injured and one 18-year-old man was killed.
It was one of the most prolific natural gas disasters in the United States.
Shortly thereafter, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) launched an in-depth investigation into the accident. The NTSB found that high pressure gas was released into the distribution system and was "delivered to customers at a pressure well above the maximum-allowable operating pressure" leading to a series of fires and explosions.
There was an immediate public outcry, spurring a bi-partisan coalition of lawmakers to sponsor safety reform legislation. Two years later, the Pipes Act of 2020 was signed into law, bringing additional regulations to the industry.
We decided to take a deeper look at the complex relationship between safety and natural gas distribution pressure. This curiosity, eventually manifested itself into a white paper.
In this white paper, we:
Existing pressure monitoring tools and methodologies
The changes that utilities can expect with the enactment of the Pipes Act of 2020
How new technologies can give utilities greater visibility and control when managing pressure.
Download "The Relationship Between Safety and Natural Gas Distribution Pressure" white paper and learn how you can create a safer world for your customers.
Photo courtesy of Whoisjohngalt, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Matt is the North America Energy Vertical Marketing Manager at Sensus. When not staunchly defending the merits of Big XII football, you'll find him chauffeuring kids around to soccer practice or suffering through long training runs for his next marathon.
More Articles by Matt
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) | Pressure Management | Pressure Regulation | Safety
What the PIPES Act of 2020 Means for Gas Utilities
This past December, the President signed the PIPES Act of 2020, which included mandates for PHMSA to increase specific regulations governing natural gas distribution systems,…
Benjamin Inkrott
A New Level of Safety for a New World – Sonix IQ
There's no question that COVID-19 has changed how we work and how we view safety. Reducing truck rolls is more than a way to reduce…
Jill Cartwright
How AMI Can Help You Prepare for Increasing Gas Safety Regulations
In September 2018, gas utilities were stunned by the Merrimack Valley gas explosions, which caused millions, if not billions, of dollars in property damage, personal…


Hallelu! There's a ton of reasons why I adore this boutique. I especially love that their selection is always on trend. The owner Catherine is incredibly sweet, stylish and fun to work with. Don't you just love their new holiday lookbook? I love all the glitter and glam for the season!
Everyone receives 25% off their purchase! Enter the code Sterling at check out.
i want to be the lucky winner!!
I'm a fan of both Hallelu and Sterling Style on facebook.
I've already become a fan of Hallelu and Sterling Style in Facebook.
ive become a fan of Hallelu and Sterling style on FB. love this giveaway!
Hey Doll! Thank you so much for the exciting Give-A-Ways. I have previously become of fan of Sterling Style on Facebook, and now Hallelu as well.
I became a fan on facebook. Soo many awesome holiday party dresses!
I adore Chatherine (miss her blog!) and would loooove to win this giveaway! The lookbook is amazing (that sequin skirt! gah!) I already like you both on facebook!
This is a fab giveaway! I just became a fan of Hallelu and Sterling Style on FB.
Wow, what a fab giveaway! I'm a fan of both SS and Hallelu on FB.
I'm already a fan of both on FB. :) I've been shopping at Hallelu since they opened a boutique in NC! Such a great selection, and always guaranteed to be super cute!
ADORABLE clothes! And great prices! Pick me! I'm now a fan of both! Thanks!
Awesome clothes. I am definitely bookmarking Hallelu!
I became a fan of Hallelu on Fb.
I became a fan of Sterling Style on Fb.
I love this site! Thanks for hosting this great giveaway Taylor!
I could really use a new holiday outfit so this is perfect since I don't have a lot of money to spend on myself this holiday season!
I already follow you and Hallelu. Funny story, my husband was signed into facebook and I didn't know it so I went ahead and liked Hallelu accidently under his facebook page. I bet he will get alot of flack from the guys for that one!!!
I absolutely love this post, and this boutique!
Already a fan of you and now Hallelu. thanks for posting that site. I LOVE everything!!
I am a huge fan of both!
oh how fab! Im a fan of both! Thanks!!!
Thank you for partnering to bring us such a lovely giveaway! I was already a sterling style fan on Facebook and now I'm also a fan of Allelu. So glad you introduced me to their boutique...I think I might have to buy a thing or two from them even if I don't won :). But let's hope I do!
Always been a huge fan of Hallelu and buy from them all the time :) A credit would be perfect!
I always love sequins. cphillis07@jcu.edu. I am a fan of both on facebook!
Oh my gosh how beautiful is this stuff?! I want it all!
I'm a fan of both.
I am a FB fan on both. I love their lookbook!
and their selection of clothes. I have been looking for the perfect stripey tee and their candy cane shirt is on my wishlist now!
I love the mixing of style in your outfits!
I love the sparkle and glam!!!! I am a fan of both of you on FB!
I'm a fan of Sterling Style and Hallelu on Facebook.
I'm a fan :) gorgeous clothes by the way!
I was already a fan of yours on FB, and I just became a fan of Hallelu. They have some SUPER adorable things. I especially love the "I Hoot You" dress. It's a hoot - pun intended.
I'm a fan of both, my fb name is Flora St. Thanks for this awesome giveaway!
How fun! I am a fan of both Hallelu and Sterling Style on Facebook.
Pick me! I am following both on Facebook.
Ohh Yes yes! I'm loving this!
Great giveaway! And yes, their lookbook is too cute! I already "like" you on facebook and I have "liked" Hallelu Boutique on fb.. name: Jennifer Rand.
Amazing clothes! I am a fan of both Hallelu and Sterling Style on Facebook. Love to win!
I absolutely love Hallelu, I've been admiring their clothes for a while now. I would love to be the lucky winner of this contest!
I'm a fan of both sterling style and hallelu on facebook.
Looks like some amazing stuff and I love the styling of the lookbook. I'm a fan of both on facebook.
i liked both on facebook. checking out hallelu now and might have to use that discount code!!
Great giveaway, and I'm a fan of both!
sweet giveaway! i'm a fan of both on facebook!
Fans of both of you on FB!
I'm a follower of both Sterling Style and Hallelu on Facebook, I love their stuff a gift card to their online boutique would just make my Holiday Season!
Fun stuff! thanks for the opportunity!
I'm a fan of both.Really excited by this one!
I'm a fan of both Sterling Style and Hallelu on Facebook!
I'm a FB fan of both. Crossing my fingers!
I absolutely love their store!
I've become a fan on FB for both and I love this giveaway!! The lookbook is gorgeous!
yay fan of both on FB! Ahhhh this lookbook is amazing!
I also became a fan of both on FB!
I just became a fan of both!
Their selection is so pretty! I've been a Sterling fan on facebook for a while now, but now I'm a fan of Hallelu too!
Fan of both! So glad you introduced us to Hallelu...very cute stuff!
I'm a fan of sterling style on facebook!
liked both sterling style and hallelu! i would love to win!
I love your blog and I've liked both fb pages. My contact info is amys46strings@sbcglobal.net.
I forgot to leave my contact info!
Ohh nice!! Thank for more giveaways..
Oh my, they are pretty.
i liked both pages !
I'M A FAN on facebook!! :) This is awesome- thanks for the opportunity!! I live in the middle of no-where (by choice...I love the woods, the quiet, small towns, etc.) so I do all my shopping online (no malls around here!) and I am excited for the chance to win this give away!!! Happy holidays!
I really want to win this one! I am now a fan of Hallelu.
Great giveaway! I liked both already on FB!
I know I won't win this because I never win giveaways, but I figured that it cannot hurt to enter!
I am a fan of both on FB.
I found your blog through Emerson Made - so glad I did! I just became a fan of you and Hallelu on Facebook; I hope I win!
I am a fan of both now on facebook! I love your blog btw..
I'm a fan of both on Facebook. Thanks for the giveaway!
been a fan since way way before of both!! (username: bettyadaruns) yay!! great giveaway, dear!
What a cute shop! I'd love to win!
I'm a fan of both on FB.
I've fanned both pages on Facebook.
Thanks for this great giveaway. I'm a fan of both.
I have been a fan of your blog on fb and am now a fan of Hallelu as well :) Good luck to all!
i love everything of hallelu!!
Love that sequined skirt! I am now a fan on FB! You're full of great giveaways at the moment!!
Amazing boutique, would love to win!
Great shop! I'm on both facebook pages, but I just discovered your blog! I'm a little new to the blogging world, but I follow Blonde Bedhead and she mentioned you today - love your stuff!!
Love the photographs!! I'm a fan of both pages on facebook.. I would LOVE to be the lucky winner!
Lot of great items at Hallelu...hope I win!
I am fan of both!
Thank you so much for introducing this website!
I fell in love with everything!
Facebook FAN of both great sites already!
Pick me! I would love to win!
I am a fan of both Hallelu & Sterling Style on Facebook.
I absolutely ADORE Hallelu! Like both of ya'll on facebook already.
im a fan of both pages on fb.
Exciting, am a fan of both.
I "liked" both sites on facebook, don't know how to "become a fan," but if you can tell me i will sure do it.
I am a following of your blog and am a fan on facebook (hallelu and sterling style)!!
LOVE hallelu! Could do a lot of christmas shopping with a $100 gift card to this cute store!! I am a fan of both on facebook!
Merry Christmas! I'm a fan of both!
I absolutely love this site. Its so affordable.
I'm also a fan on facebook!!
Gorgeous! I love the last photo!
I'm a fan of both on fb!
I absolutely love Hallelu Boutique! I am a fan of both!
Oh my gosh! great giveaway i'm a hugeee fan of hallelu!
Amazing Giveaway! I just looked at the website and there is so much that I want!
I'm also a facebook fan of both!
I'm a new fan of both! Lovely blog!
I just became a fan on facebook of Sterling Style and Hallelu! I also checked out Hallelu's shop, I really like their pieces especially because they are more affordable for me! I'm going to be crossing my fingers for this giveaway!
obsessed! so many cute clothes. I'm a fan of Hallelu and Sterling Style on facebook!
i'm a fan of both of you on facebook! fingers crossed, I love the style at Hallulu!
ps: Liked both on facebook.
Oh my I did not know about them. I love their stuff! They are totally on trend. I am now a fan on facebook too.
Thanks for stopping by my blog:) Have a wonderful day!
I've already posted.. but I realized that i didn't mention that i a fan of both on fb!!
Thanks for introducing this shop to me.
love love love the selection @ hallelu.
love their stuff, i'm a fan!
I am a fan of both now!


text:
National Voter Registration Act Studies
The EAC provides timely and useful information to American voters, who deserve accessible, accurate and secure elections.
In 2002, HAVA transferred the responsibility of administering a biennial survey on the impact of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) to the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC). EAC is required to submit a report to Congress assessing the impact of NVRA on the administration of elections for Federal office during the preceding 2-year period. This report includes recommendations for improvements in Federal and state procedures, forms and other matters. Before 2002, the Federal Election Commission (FEC) was responsible for assessing the impact of the NVRA.
2013 - 2014 NVRA Report
A Report to the 114th Congress, June 30, 2015
The Impact of the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 on the Administration of Elections for Federal Office 2013-2014
For the first time, EAC is presenting the NVRA Report to Congress in one all-inclusive report that includes data on the ability of civilian, military and overseas citizens to register to vote and successfully cast a ballot. For the 2014 NVRA Report and data sets, see the 2014 Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS).
2012 NVRA Report Cover Letter
2012 NVRA Report Datasets: XLS, SPSS, DBF Part 1, DBF Part II
2012 NVRA Data File Codebook
[ NOTE: Please also see the 2012 Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS) that includes datasets on the ability of civilian, military and overseas citizens to successfully cast a ballot. The survey contains the most comprehensive, nationwide data about election administration in the United States. The EAVS data is used for two federally mandated reports – the NVRA Report (motor voter) and the UOCAVA Report (military & overseas citizens) ]
A Report to the 112th Congress, June 30th 2011
2010 Election Administration & Voting Survey Instrument
Texas Revised NVRA Data (per the State's Request - XLS)
Illinois Revised NVRA Data (per the State's Request - XLS)
* EAC staff received Kentucky's data certification page dated March 1, 2011.
** California's same day registration data for Alameda County (question A4a) is incorrect and, according to the state, no revised data is available. The number of same day registration applications in California is not 1,897,328 as previously reported. Readers of the report and users of California's data should exercise caution when interpreting and analyzing data for question A4a. Additionally, readers should note that the total number of same day registrations for the 16 states that received these types of applications is likely to be far less than 2,376,178 as previously reported. Revised NVRA Table 5.
*** A Note About Our Election Data: EAC's Election Administration and Voting Survey asks states for the number of registered voters at the state and county levels. EAC does not request voting age population (VAP) data at the county level (CVAP). The Census Bureau estimates VAP (and CVAP). The EAC's NVRA report shows only state level figures for the number of registered voters; the publicly available datasets include county level registration figures. The VAP and CVAP information that appears in the NVRA report comes from the Census Bureau and does not include county level data.
Report Highlights
The EAC's 2009-2010 Impact of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) of 1993 on the Administration of Elections for Federal Office report covers the 2-year period between the November 2008 elections through the November 2010 elections.
The 2009-2010 NVRA report is based on the results of a survey of all States, the District of Columbia, and four territories—American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
As with past reports, responses from many States and territories varied significantly. Six States and all territories are exempt from the provisions of the NVRA, and other States may not collect voter registration data in a way that is compatible with the survey. In some cases, local jurisdictions' challenges with meeting States' requests for data limited the States' ability to respond completely.
In some areas, however, State reporting improved. For example, in 2008 several non-exempt States did not report data for the total number of registration applications received and the number of registration applications received by source; in 2010 all non-exempt States reported this information, as did several NVRA-exempt States.
Select Findings from the Report
Voter registration decreased during the two years leading up to the 2010 elections. The total number of voters reported to be eligible and registered for the November 2010 elections was nearly 187 million, a decrease of more than 3.6 million from the 2008 elections. Yet it was an increase of about 14 million voters from the last midterm election in 2006.
States and territories reported receiving more than 45 million voter registration forms. Use of the mail (or fax or e mail) was up from the previous election cycle, with 21% of registration forms being delivered through these means. Another 14.5% of applications were made in person at elections offices, and 37% through motor vehicle agencies. Seventeen States reported receiving voter registration applications over the Internet, which accounted for nearly 2% of all registration forms.
Of the 45 million voter registration forms received, nearly 14.4 million of these applications were from new voters; that is, voters who were not previously registered in the local jurisdiction or had not previously registered in any jurisdiction (there were fewer than 24.6 million new registrants during the 2006 to 2008 election cycle and 17.3 million during the 2004 to 2006 election cycle). More than 18 million of the registration forms received represented a change to name, address, or party of the registrant.
States and territories found invalid or otherwise rejected nearly 1.4 million applications, and found that 2.9 million applications were duplicates of existing registrations. Altogether, 9.4% of registration applications were invalid or duplicates.
States and territories sent 14.6 million removal confirmation notices to names on their registration rolls, as allowed by NVRA after two cycles of voter inactivity. More than 15 million voters were removed from voter registration lists, for reasons including death, felony conviction, failure to respond to a confirmation notice and failure to vote in consecutive elections, having moved from one jurisdiction to another, or at the voter's request.
Data Sets: DBF, SAS, XLS, Kentucky, and Illinois
Frequently Asked Questions About the Survey
NOTE: The data submitted by Kentucky and Illinois were mistakenly excluded from the dataset.
The EAC's most recent Impact of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) of 1993 on the Administration of Elections for Federal Office report covers the 2-year period between the November 2006 elections through the November 2008 elections.
The 2008 NVRA report is based on the results of a survey of all States, the District of Columbia, and four territories—American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
As with past reports, responses from many States and territories varied significantly. Six States and all territories are exempt from the provisions of the NVRA, and others did not collect voter registration data in a way that was compatible with the survey.1 In some cases, local election officials' challenges with meeting States' requests for data limited the States' ability to respond completely.
Voter registration increased significantly during the two years leading up to the 2008 elections. The total number of voters reported to be eligible and registered for the November 2008 elections was at least 189 million, an increase of more than 17.5 million from the 2006 elections. It was also an increase of about 16.6 million voters from the last presidential election in 2004.
States and territories reported receiving more than 60 million voter registration forms. Use of the mail (or fax or e mail) was up from the previous election cycle, with 28.8% of registration forms being delivered through these sources. Another 14.9% of applications were made in person at elections offices, and 30.1% through motor vehicle agencies. A limited number of States reported receiving voter registration applications over the Internet.
Of the 60 million voter registration forms received, nearly 24.6 million of these applications were from new voters; that is, voters who were not previously registered in the local jurisdiction or had not previously registered in any jurisdiction (there were fewer than 17.3 million new registrants during the 2004 to 2006 election cycle). More than 20 million of the registration forms requested represented a change to name, address, or party of the registrant.
States and territories sent more than 18 million removal notices to names on their registration rolls, as allowed by NVRA after two cycles of voter inactivity.
From 18 million removal notices sent, more than 12 million voters were removed from voter registration lists, for reasons including death, felony conviction, failure to vote in consecutive elections, having moved from one jurisdiction to another, or at the voter's request.
1The six States are Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. They are exempt because they allowed Election Day registration at the time of the passage of the NVRA, or, in the case of North Dakota, have no voter registration at all. The territories are not subject to the NVRA.
The Impact of the National Voter Registration Act on the Administration of Elections for Federal Office, 2005-2006 Includes Data Sets
View Tables 1-4 from page 25.
2001 - 2002 NVRA Report Produced by the FEC
The Impact of the National Voter Registration Act on the Administration of Elections for Federal Office, 2001-2002
1995- 1996 NVRA Report Produced by the FEC
National Voter Registration Act Form
National Mail Voter Registration Act - FAQs
Proposed Regulations


text:
Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1936.

Fellows

Alexander Craig Aitken
Sir John Douglas Cockcroft
Herbert John Fleure
Sir Clive Forster-Cooper
Sir Alexander Gibb
Sir Henry Lewis Guy
Henry George Albert Hickling
Lancelot Thomas Hogben
Joseph Kenyon
Edgar Hartley Kettle
Sir Nevill Francis Mott
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
Harry Hemley Plaskett
Ernest Frederick Relf
Francis John Worsley Roughton
Birbal Sahni
Ernest Basil Verney

Foreign members

Sigmund Freud
Ludwig Jost
Felix Andries Vening Meinesz
Hermann Weyl

Statute 12
 Sir Thomas Hudson Middleton

References

1936
1936 in science
1936 in the United Kingdom


text:
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Digital book development project
This is a digital book development project. text to ms word conversation. We will provide image file which is 800 to 1200 word approx each image . Simple task no need to extra skill required for this project… (Budget: $250 – $750 USD, Jobs: Copy Typing, Data Entry, Data Processing, Microsoft Exchange, Word)
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A lifestyle photoshoot in two different location in Metro Detroit Michigan. (Budget: $250 – $750 USD, Jobs: Graphic Design, Photo Editing, Photography, Photoshop, Virtual Assistant)
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Build Top Modern Trendy E-Commerce Website
Hi I need a new website. I need you to design and build my online store. The website needs to have quality and functionality as top designer brands websites.I need you to design and build a website for my small business,so I can change content without any admin… (Budget: £20 – £250 GBP, Jobs: eCommerce, Graphic Design, HTML, PHP, Website Design)
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Build me a android application.
It is kind of dating app. – Discovering a new people. – Proposing and Confirming. – Chatting with a friend. (only one-to-one) – Managing my profile. I want you to build with Kotlin, Firebase(Firestore). (Budget: $2 – $30 USD, Jobs: Android, Google Firebase, Kotlin)
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copy of any text or datasheet
I need someone to copy information from some websites. (Budget: ?100 – ?400 INR, Jobs: Internet Research, Research)
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'Disintegration' public multiplayer beta starts January 31st
You won't have to wait long to see if Halo veteran Marcus Lehto's Disintegration lives up to the early buzz. V1 Interactive and its publisher Private Division have revealed that a public beta of the tactical shooter will run between January 31st and…
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Canada's first 5G network starts rolling out in four cities
Canadians won't have to look on with envy as Americans get 5G. Telecom giant Rogers has started rolling out the country's first 5G network in the downtown cores of four large cities (Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver). You'll have to wait unt…
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Gamechanger Audio introduces an optical spring reverb pedal
Gamechanger may have only released two guitar pedals so far, but the company has shown that it can live up to its lofty name. Its Plasma Pedal, for one, stands out in an ocean of distortion effects, thanks to both a staticky, lo-fi timbre and its ast…
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Crowdfunded hardware startups are breathing fresh life into music making
I love music. Seriously, it's one of the few things that brings solace in this cold, lonely world. Want to go deep on Joni Mitchell, William Onyeabor or Pablo Casals? I'm game. Yes, I worked at multiple record stores years before TechCrunch. Yes, I will always be that guy. What I will never be, however, is a musician, professional or otherwise.
I'm resolved to this fact at this point in my life. I'll never be a rock star like I'll never be a professional baseball player — both facts I've mostly made peace with. We don't need to go into the two years of junior high when I played the trombone, or the decade and a half I attempted to master the guitar. All you need to know is I had absolutely zero aptitude for either.
It's not for lack of desire to make music. It's just a straight-up, good-old-fashioned lack of talent. For precisely this reason, I view any new piece of musical equipment with great interest. There's a ton of money to be made for the startup that can truly unlock the potential of music making for those lacking the basic skills to do so.
Roli has long been of interest to me for this reason. I was one of the first people to cover the Seaboard when it debuted at SXSW a number of years ago. It's a fascinating instrument, letting users bend notes courtesy of a soft material makeup, but mastering it — or, really, making any music at all — requires some ability to play piano.The company's modular block system, announced a few years ago, was even more compelling, but similarly failed to scratch that itch.
Last week at CES, the fine folks at Kickstarter introduced me to the founders of a trio of crowdfunding companies that fit the bill to some degree. French startup Joué actually went on to win top prize at our CES pitch-off this year, with its modular MIDI controller of the same name.
The device operates on a similar principle as the Sensel Morph we've covered before, with silicone skins that overlay atop a touch surface to offer a variety of different controllers. Joué's take is more music-focused than Sensel's ever was. And besides, based on a conversation with Sensel at the show, I think it's pretty fair to say that the company is turning most of its focus away from that device, in favor of compelling touch components it's working to build into third-party handsets.
The Kickstarter project is an impressive one, as evidenced by the brief demo. It's extremely versatile, requiring just a new skin and sound pack for the system to take on completely different aural qualities. The company also discussed the potential for customized sound packs. Joué brought NWA founder Arabian Prince in to perform at its both all week. An odd fit for CES, to be sure, but an interesting example of the kinds of artists such a product might be able to draw. It's easy to see musicians expressing interest in a customized pad.
That said, while the company seems to be positioning the product as perfect for beginners, I do expect there's a reasonably large learning curve here. That seems removed somewhat from Rhythmo. The Austin-based startup's project combines music making with a guided dip into the maker world.
It's a MIDI controller drum kit that you make out of a cardboard box. It ships with all of the pieces, and putting it together offers a nice connection into the process of creating a musical instrument. Founder Ethan Jin let me take a constructed model for a spin on the CES floor. The demo was a little glitchy for various reasons, but it was fun. The kit features large arcade buttons that can be mapped to a variety of sounds. You can use the Rhythmo app or interface with your music software of choice in iPad, desktop, etc. It's a fun entry into that world.
Artiphon, however, is probably closest to fulfilling my very specific desires. The company is best known for its massively successful Kickstarter project, Instrument 1. That racked in a mind-boggling $1.3 million with the promise of delivering a guitar, violin, piano and drum machine all in a single device.
The newer Orba ($1.4 million this time), however, really caught my eye. The puck-shaped device is a pocket synthesizer/looper/MIDI controller that requires little if any musical knowledge to get up and running. After a conversation with founder Mike Butera, I've come to regard it at a very base-level as a sort of musical fidget spinner.
That is to say, it's simple enough that you can use it absentmindedly to make music while you pace around your apartment, trying to come up with a half-decent headline for the story of crowdfunded music projects at CES you've been writing (a purely hypothetical example that in no way reflects my life).
Of the three, that's the one I'm most key to review, in hopes of finally scratching that musical itch.
Author BlancerPosted on 2020/01/15 Categories Tech newsLeave a comment on Crowdfunded hardware startups are breathing fresh life into music making
EPA estimates Porsche Taycan Turbo S range at just 192 miles
You'd think that splashing out for the Porsche Taycan Turbo S would deliver some extra range in addition to the improved acceleration (as you get with rivals like Tesla), but that's apparently not the case. The EPA has rated the top-spec model's ran…
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Companies take baby steps toward home robots at CES
"I think there are fewer fake robots this year." I spoke to a lot of roboticists and robot-adjacent folks at this year's CES, but that comment from Labrador Systems co-funder/CEO Mike Dooley summed up the situation nicely. The show is slowly, but steadily, starting to take robotics more seriously.
It's true that words like "fake" and "seriously" are quite subjective; surely all of those classified by one of us as the former would take great issue with the tag. It's also true that there are still many devices that fit firmly within the realm of novelty and hypothetical, both on the show floor and in press conferences, but after a week at CES — including several behind-the-scenes conversations with investors and startups — the consensus seems to be that the show is slowly embracing the more series side of robotics.
I believe the reason for this shift is two-fold. First, the world of consumer robotics hasn't caught on as quickly as many had planned/hoped. Second, enterprise and industrial robotics actually have. Let's tackle those points in order.
As my colleague Darrell pointed out in a recent piece, consumer robotics were showing signs of life at this year's event. However, those who predicted a watershed for the industry after the Roomba's arrival on the scene some 18 years ago have no doubt been largely disappointed with the ensuing decades.
Author BlancerPosted on 2020/01/15 Categories Tech newsLeave a comment on Companies take baby steps toward home robots at CES
Catch up on the most important news from today in two minutes or less.
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Joby Aviation raises $590 million led by Toyota to launch an electric air taxi service
Joby Aviation has raised a $590 million Series C round of funding, including $394 million from lead investor Toyota Motor Corporation, the company announced today. Joby is in the process of developing an electric air taxi service, which will make use of in-house developed electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft that will in part benefit from strategic partner Toyota's vehicle manufacturing experience.
This brings the total number of funding in Joby Aviation to $720 million, and its list of investors includes Intel Capital, JetBlue Technology Ventures, Toyota AI Ventures and more. Alongside this new round of funding, Joby gains a new board member: Toyota Motor Corporation EVP Shigeki Tomoyama.
Founded in 2009, Joby Aviation is based in Santa Cruz, California. The company was founded by JoeBen Bevirt, who also founded consumer photo and electronics accessory maker Joby. Its proprietary aircraft is a piloted eVTOL, which can fly at up to 200 miles per hour for a total distance of over 150 miles on a single charge. Because it uses an electric drivetrain and multi rotor design, Joby Aviation says it's "100 times quieter than conventional aircraft during takeoff and landing, and near-silent when flying overhead."
These benefits make eVTOL craft prime candidates for developing urban aerial transportation networks, and a number of companies, including Joby as well as China's EHang, Airbus and more are all working on this type of craft for use in this kind of city-based short-hop transit for both people and cargo.
The sizeable investment made by Toyota in this round is a considerable bet for the automaker on the future of air transportation. In a press release detailing the round, Toyota President and CEO Akio Toyoda indicated that the company is serious about eVTOLs and air transport in general.
"Air transportation has been a long-term goal for Toyota, and while we continue our work in the automobile business, this agreement sets our sights to the sky," Toyoda is quoted as saying. "As we take up the challenge of air transportation together with Joby, an innovator in the emerging eVTOL space, we tap the potential to revolutionize future transportation and life. Through this new and exciting endeavor, we hope to deliver freedom of movement and enjoyment to customers everywhere, on land, and now, in the sky."
Joby Aviation believes that it can achieve significant cost benefits vs. traditional helicopters for short aerial flights, eventually lowering costs through maximizing utilization and fuel savings to the point where it can be "accessible to everyone." To date, Joby has completed sub-scale testing on its aircraft design, and begun full flight tests of production prototypes, along with beginning the certification process for its aircraft with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) at the end of 2018.
Author BlancerPosted on 2020/01/15 Categories Tech newsLeave a comment on Joby Aviation raises $590 million led by Toyota to launch an electric air taxi service
Xnor.ai, spun off in 2017 from the nonprofit Allen Institute for AI (AI2), has been acquired by Apple for about $200 million. A source close to the company corroborated a report this morning from GeekWire to that effect.
Apple confirmed the reports with its standard statement for this sort of quiet acquisition: "Apple buys smaller technology companies from time to time and we generally do not discuss our purpose or plans." (I've asked for clarification just in case.)
Xnor.ai began as a process for making machine learning algorithms highly efficient — so efficient that they could run on even the lowest tier of hardware out there, things like embedded electronics in security cameras that use only a modicum of power. Yet using Xnor's algorithms they could accomplish tasks like object recognition, which in other circumstances might require a powerful processor or connection to the cloud.
Xnor's saltine-sized, solar-powered AI hardware redefines the edge
CEO Ali Farhadi and his founding team put the company together at AI2 and spun it out just before the organization formally launched its incubator program. It raised $2.7M in early 2017 and $12M in 2018, both rounds led by Seattle's Madrona Venture Group, and has steadily grown its local operations and areas of business.
The $200M acquisition price is only approximate, the source indicated, but even if the final number were less by half that would be a big return for Madrona and other investors.
The company will likely move to Apple's Seattle offices; GeekWire, visiting the Xnor.ai offices (in inclement weather, no less), reported that a move was clearly underway. AI2 confirmed that Farhadi is no longer working there, but he will retain his faculty position at the University of Washington.
An acquisition by Apple makes perfect sense when one thinks of how that company has been directing its efforts towards edge computing. With a chip dedicated to executing machine learning workflows in a variety of situations, Apple clearly intends for its devices to operate independent of the cloud for such tasks as facial recognition, natural language processing, and augmented reality. It's as much for performance as privacy purposes.
Its camera software especially makes extensive use of machine learning algorithms for both capturing and processing images, a compute-heavy task that could potentially be made much lighter with the inclusion of Xnor's economizing techniques. The future of photography is code, after all — so the more of it you can execute, and the less time and power it takes to do so, the better.
The future of photography is code
It could also indicate new forays in the smart home, toward which with HomePod Apple has made some tentative steps. But Xnor's technology is highly adaptable and as such rather difficult to predict as far as what it enables for such a vast company as Apple.
Author BlancerPosted on 2020/01/15 Categories Tech newsLeave a comment on Apple buys edge-based AI startup Xnor.ai for a reported $200M
Jack Dorsey Says You Really Won't Get an Edit Tweet Button
"When you send a text, you can't really take it back," the Twitter CEO says. "We wanted to preserve that vibe and that feeling in the early days."
Author BlancerPosted on 2020/01/15 Categories Tech newsLeave a comment on Jack Dorsey Says You Really Won't Get an Edit Tweet Button
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This week, I am working on finishing up the John Rutter Brooke Papers, the first collection I am processing as part of the Digital Center for Americana.
The collections that are part of the project were chosen because of their Civil War-related content, so imagine my surprise when I realized that the Brooke collection has much more to do with the US Army's "Sioux Campaign" in 1890-1891, which culminated in the slaughter of many hundreds of Lakota Sioux men, women and children at Wounded Knee. Brooke also sat at the helm of the military takeover of Puerto Rico and Cuba in 1898-1899. I spent more time than I should have reading through some of the letters about the military movements and directives leading up to Wounded Knee, but I couldn't help myself. Knowing the outcome of the situation already, I read these letters with a pounding heart as the communications increased between December 26th and 29th.
When I am working with material dealing with the nastiest chapters of our nation's history, I am filled with a sense of sadness and heaviness as my worst feelings about the historical legacy of the United States are confirmed before my eyes. I felt this in my last processing project, when I was reading through papers dealing with the Chew family's plantations and the enslaved people who suffered without assurance of adequate food or clothing or the prospect of freedom.
I struggled to maintain a sense of objectivity about the people who created this record of history. I wondered how to give a voice to those people whose voices were silenced through their enslavement. I tried to give their names when I knew them, so that their stories could be uncovered by researchers and ancestors. I feel this same sense of struggle when reading about Wounded Knee. How can the real stories of these events be told? My instinct directs me to contact indigenous groups who are documenting their own history so that they know about these papers and can use them to tell the story of their people.
As an archivist, I know my job is not to tell my version of history, however true and real it may feel to me. I know that my sympathies lie with the people whose voices have rarely been heard in history texts, yet my job is to present descriptions of materials without bias (as much as that is possible for anyone). These issues were brought to the forefront of my mind at the Chew event on October 14th, which was billed as a celebration of the end of the project.
I wanted to educate the event's attendees about how many topical areas are covered in the collection, how rich the material is, and how much it can offer to scholars and researchers. This "celebration" turned into a contentious discussion during the Q&A (read Matthew's post for a more detailed perspective on the evening), but it got me thinking a lot about the view we bring to our work, and the language we use to describe what we have in front of us. It matters–all of our biases and personal views and resistances are there in the way we choose words, the way we focus our attention, and the ways we are willing (or not) to engage in debate about these issues. The fact that these issues are in the forefront of my mind now is extremely valuable, especially as I begin to describe another collection filled with painful, and potentially volatile, material.
We have much to heal in this country–prejudices related to ethnicity, gender, sexuality, age, disability, and many other things do divide us. These collections offer us an opportunity to work toward healing these divisions by giving the power of interpretation back to the public, and offering groups whose history has been erased or covered over the chance to reclaim some of their story. While I bear a heavy burden when it comes to the choices I make in description, by making the papers accessible and available to researchers, their voices eventually become the conversation and my voice becomes more of a background hum that tells you where to find that paper with a date and name. I do my best to provide access points and hope that groundbreaking and thoughtful histories come next.


At Milton Hershey School, we provide every student with hands-on learning opportunities to help them become active, curious learners. Spending time in nature and exploring the outdoors can significantly improve students' personal and academic growth. Outdoor activities also lead to unique adventures, lifelong memories, and a deep connection with the world.
To learn about the exciting activities happening at the MHS Environmental Center and find tips for staying safe outdoors, follow along with our environmental blog series.


At i.luminate 2012, SINTEL Group Enterprise, together with all business units within SingTel and leading industry partners, are examining the forces that are shaping the market, discuss the implications, and showcase real-world ICT innovations and customer implementations.
This marked the first time bigtincan has participated in the SINGTEL i.luminate event, and is being used as the Asian launch for bigtincan hub. We are show casing bigtincan hub throughout the event and you can see it live at our stand as well as at the SINGTEL/NCS stand - "The Future of Mobility" and on a number of our other partners boots at the show.
So if you are coming to i.luminate just drop in to see us for a live demo.


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Global Agriculture News
Canada Invests Over $50 million to Help the Agricultural Sector Address Emerging Challenges and Opportunities
Ottawa, Ontario – Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada: Canada's agriculture and agri-food system contributes over $114 billion to our gross domestic product, and provides safe, nutritious and sustainable food for the world, while creating well-paying jobs for our middle class.
The sector is working hard to find innovative approaches to respond to growing domestic and global demand while addressing emerging challenges and maintaining its environmental sustainability.
Today while celebrating Canada's Agriculture Day with farmers, ranchers, food processors, industry leaders and youth in Ottawa, Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Lawrence MacAulay announced the new Canadian Agricultural Strategic Priorities Program (CASPP), an investment of $50.3 million over five years. Funding available through this program will help facilitate the sector's ability to address emerging issues and capitalize on opportunities.
The CASPP focuses on four priority areas: adoption of new technology; environmental sustainability; strategic development and capacity building; and, emerging issues. Examples of potential projects could include those addressing artificial intelligence technology, tools to assess future labour and skills needs, bio-crops, environmentally sustainable farming techniques and strategies to help the sector adapt to changes in consumer preferences.
The program also builds on other Government of Canada initiatives to support competitiveness and sustainability in the agricultural sector. These include the $3-billion, five-year Canadian Agricultural Partnership, $70 million announced in Budget 2018 to support agricultural discoveries in science and innovation to address climate change and soil and water conservation, the $25 million Agricultural Clean Technologies Program, and the Strategic Innovation Fund.
Source: https://www.canada.ca/
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Selling your house on your own may take decades due to lack of enough experience in real estate sector while embracing the services of the best real estate investors will assure you with an instant and cash house sale. In order to assure faster house sales, the best real estate investors have developed a perfect platform where they can easily purchase every sold house with ease prior to remodeling the specific house for better future sales. Thus, individuals with an urge of selling their houses for cash are advised to read through the latest reviews where one can easily spot the best real estate investors with proven records in purchasing different houses.
Highly regarded real estate investors develop an improved chance for consultations to enable home sellers to expose their personal needs and concerns prior to developing a perfect plan that entail to purchase the home very fast. Furthermore, highly promising real estate investors usually embrace the cutting-edge calculators that can be used to carry out effective calculations using latest computational methods so as to achieve accurate home prices that can satisfy the house sellers fully. It is unbelievably true that highly assuring real estate investors ensure that they avail splendid moving services that help to keep a mutual trust with home sellers knowing very well that they are enhanced to move their properties to the anticipated destinations with convenience prior to assuring the best sales terms.
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Rufa Mae Quinto is really thankful and happy that Hayden Kho has clarified that she is not and was never involve with him.
According to Rufa Mae, she doesn't personally know Dr. Vicki Belo, and Hayden Kho, she clarifies, is only an acquaintance. They both work in the same network.
When the Hayden Kho and Vicki Belo break – up first came out, Rufa Mae's name was one of the two girls that's being linked to have cause the separation. The other being Katrina Halili. It is said that Rufa Mae's co-host Mo Twister was the one who spread the rumor that Rufa Mae had an affair with Hayden Kho.
Meanwhile, it is being rumored that Jon Avila is Rufa Mae's new crush. In fact, Ruffa Gutierrez, Rufa Mae's good friend insinuated in 'The Buzz' that the two might be dating.
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An Instagram page created in the wake of a brutal North Shore murder seeks to raise community awareness of criminal activity, but also raises some ethical and legal questions.
An emotional appeal to find suspects in the recent murder case of a North Shore woman led to two arrests thanks to social media posts. But can online calls to action go too far?
The most recent presidential election was heavily influenced by social media and fake news from both the left and the right. The only difference being your particular definition of "fake news.
Capitol Rotunda at the Hawaii Legislature.
The Federal Communications Commission repealed regulations preventing internet providers from slowing speeds or charging more for access to specific websites. But could those protections be revived at the state level?
Hawaii-based research submarines have been making troubling discoveries on the deep ocean floor of late; indications that commercial fishing methods are doing far more damage than we have been led to believe.
A lifelong Hawaii resident charts his experiences over decades of great change in the Land of Aloha.
A major city in the Asia Pacific is struggling with recent headlines about crime. It's a location that's historically been considered safe, but over the last few weeks, cases have ranged from armed robbery to kidnapping. HPR's Bill Dorman has more in today's Asia Minute.
A Hawaii Circuit Court Judge implemented a new felony probation program more than 9 years ago. It was the first and only one of its kind in the nation. HPR's Wayne Yoshioka reports.


So it's the last day of June, we're officially halfway through 2017, and the theory that time moves faster as you grow older seems to be correct, at least from my perspective. Anyone else?
This month I've flip-flopped between being super-motivated and not having the energy to write or engage with social media much. I say that — it's mainly been the latter. I'm just permanently tired, so I'm more than ready for my summer holidays. A break will be just the breather I need to refresh and refocus and I have lots of plans for new blog content.
I'm starting this month's cruelty-free updates with some sad news I never thought I would write about: NARS are planning to sell their products in China, which means they will no longer be cruelty-free. They've been swiftly removed from my list of cruelty-free brands and while my old blog posts featuring their products will remain live, I've gone through them all to put a disclaimer in.
The only positive from this is the response from the cruelty-free community — everyone has been very vocal about their anger and disappointment. Mad as hell but not sure where to begin? Christine from Make Up Guinea Pig has written a wonderful post about what you can do to protest these developments. Sign the petition, send a (polite but strongly worded) tweet, and let them know we'll be taking our money elsewhere. Goodbye, Sheer Glow in Siberia, you have been the one for me.
In happier news, L'Oreal announced they are selling The Body Shop to Natura, a cruelty-free company! This means everyone who's been avoiding The Body Shop due to their parent company can shop there again and there'll be another safe bet on the high street. TBS are expanding their range of vegan products too, so fingers crossed they continue with these kinds of changes once Natura take over. I'm hopeful!
There have been some lovely reviews about B.'s reworked make-up line and I can't wait to try it out myself. (B. is Superdrug's own brand make-up and it mysteriously disappeared a while back, only to appear looking better than ever. Like the cosmetic version of a post-break-up makeover.) Everything is vegan, as before, but the packaging is now sleek and stylish and rumour has it the new formulas are pretty damn good. You can shop the new range here.
How was June for you? Let me know in the comments!


Electronic camera remains in great condition. There are some minor scratches and wear marks. The items consisted of are the camera, flash, carrying case, strap, guidebook and display case. All accessories remain in great shape though the carrying case shows wear. I'm no camera professional but all controls appear to work effectively. If you have any questions please call me I'll do my finest to obtain you an answer.