text:
If you're interested in the U.S. legal system and plan to become an attorney, pursuing a pre-law program should be the first step toward your legal career. Designed to equip you for the rigors of law school, a pre-law emphasis covers the writing, research, and reasoning skills you need to succeed as you prepare for and enter the legal profession.
What is Pre-Law?
What Can I Do with Pre-Law?
Is Pre-Law Worth It?
Curriculum and Degree Requirements
Pre-law describes a program designed to help you prepare for and apply to law school. Many students are surprised to learn that pre-law is not one specific major, but an emphasis on the preparation needed to pursue legal education. In fact, there are no preferred majors for admission to law school. Some of the most popular pre-law majors include:
What these programs have in common is a diverse range of courses that introduce students to skills they'll need in law school. You'll contemplate tough questions, like what it means to be a good citizen and live a moral life. You will engage with, analyze, and interpret texts. And you'll gain experience in areas like research, argumentative writing, and public speaking. These activities are excellent practice for succeeding in law school and beyond.
Many students pursue a pre-law degree with the intent to become future lawyers. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the legal profession will grow over the coming decade, due to the continuing need for legal services across diverse industries and settings—from finance to healthcare to criminal defense. In nearly all cases, lawyers need to complete a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from a law school accredited by the American Bar Association. Completing a pre-law program as an undergraduate should be your first step to qualifying for a J.D. program.
Pre-law could also be good preparation for career paths that do not require a law degree, such as paralegal and legal assistant roles. These professionals support lawyers in their work, such as by conducting research, gathering facts, and drafting legal documents. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that jobs in this occupation will increase 12 percent over the next decade—much faster than average for all occupations.
And by meeting additional requirements for certification, you could pursue a role as an educator. For example, high school teachers often earn a degree in a subject area such as history or English, in addition to completing a student teaching program and obtaining state licensure. A pre-law program could prepare you for this and many other potential career paths, making it a worthwhile degree even if you ultimately decide not to enroll in law school.
Many students find that earning a pre-law degree is a valuable investment—whether they plan to pursue a career as an attorney or something else entirely. Advantages of this degree include:
LSAT preparation. A prerequisite for law school, the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) tests candidates on skills such as logical and analytical reasoning, writing, and reading comprehension. A pre-law program offers plenty of practice in the above areas and more, so you'll have the foundation you need to study for and ace the LSAT.
Law school success. Students may enter law school with any academic background —from science to technology to the arts. That said, pre-law majors are designed to prepare you for the challenges you'll face in a J.D. program, so you'll be better equipped to succeed in law school.
Higher earnings. A pre-law degree is the first step toward career paths that pay off. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, lawyers earned a median average salary of $148,030 in 2021. That's more than double the average salary earned in 2021: $58,260.
Flexible career options. A pre-law degree teaches widely applicable skills that can help you stand out in diverse industries. You could have the option to pursue career paths in fields such as business, communications, education, political science, and more.
The pre-law emphasis at University of the Cumberlands offers the foundation you need to excel in law school and beyond. Our History and Political Science Department produces the largest number of law school applicants at University of the Cumberlands, and its graduates have achieved a 100 percent law school acceptance rate over the last 22 years.
Regardless of your pre-law major, to succeed in law school, you need effective communication and critical thinking skills. That's where our pre-law program stands out. Along with 28 credits in history, you'll take 18 credits of pre-law courses designed to provide a basic understanding of our legal system and an appreciation for the values that support it. The curriculum teaches and inculcates the meaning and value of ordered liberty and a free society. Through the study of American government, political theory, public policy, an introduction to the requirements of legal education, and more, you'll prepare to take the next step on the road to becoming a lawyer.
Students are our top priority, and we are proud of the success our pre-law graduates have achieved. Since 1989, 100% of our history and political science majors who went to law school were accepted into one of their top three school choices. All students benefit from the support they need to pursue their chosen fields of endeavor.
Requirements for a Bachelor of Science with a Minor in History and Political Science Pre-Law Curriculum – 46 semester hours drawn from 28 hours in this history core described below, plus 18 hours of Pre Law Curriculum:
History Core required for all options (28 hours):
HIST 137 World Civilization to 1648
HIST 138 World Civilization since 1648
HIST 231 American History to 1877
HIST 232 American History since 1877
HIST 224 Research Mechanics
HIST 225 Research Composition
POLS 131 Introduction to Political Science
POLS 233 American National Government
POLS 235 Introduction to International Relations
HIST 490 Issues in History or POLS 490 Issues in Political Science
Pre Law (18 Hours):
HIST 334 Early America
HIST 335 England: 1485-1832
HIST 337 The American Constitution
POLS 230 Introduction to Law and Legal Education
POLS 431 Internship
POLS 433 Western Political Theory I and/or POLS 434 Western Political Theory II
POLS 437 Public Policy and Administration
HIST 450 Origins of American Consitutionalism
Costs for programs of study at University of the Cumberlands are competitive and affordable. Click here to view tuition rates and fees.
In order to be considered for admission to this program, click here to view the undergraduate, on-campus admissions information.
Click here to view University of the Cumberlands' accreditation information.
The campus Pre-Law Advisor as recognized by the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC), the body which produces the LSAT and handles all applications to law school, is Nathan Coleman, Ph.D. in the History and Political Science Department.
Dr. Coleman can be reached at nathan.coleman@ucumberlands.edu or by phone at 606-539-4269.
Click here to view a list of the faculty.
Email: admissions@ucumberlands.edu


text:
Match Preview: Preston North End vs Brentford
Thomas Frank takes The Bees to Deepdale tonight
Following Saturday's defeat at Griffin Park, Thomas Frank takes his charges to Preston North End this evening knowing a win could move The Bees back into the Sky Bet Championship top six. Here's tonight's big match
After missing out on the Play-Offs by just two points in May, Alex Neil's side haven't been able to hit the same heights against this term as they head into tonight's game inside the bottom three and with just two Sky Bet Championship victories to their name.
That said, a recent run of one defeat in five, which included a 4-0 victory over Wigan Athletic last time out at Deepdale, indicates that a corner might have been turned in Lancashire.
North End have had no problem scoring goals, their 19 strikes is three more than league leaders Middlesbrough, but it's defensively where they have struggled, shipping a league-high 25 goals in 13 games so far.
After such an impressive showing last term, it was a very quiet summer on the transfer front with Michael Crowe [Ipswich Town] and Michael Howard [Cork City] the only arrivals.
Thomas Frank will be without the suspended Chris Mepham tonight while Julian Jeanvier faces a race to be fit due to a foot injury.
After more than a year out, Rico Henry will make his return for Brentford B this evening against Southampton at Griffin Park while Emiliano Marcondes returned to light training on Monday after missing three months with a foot injury.
North End will be without Billy Bodin and Josh Harrop, both of whom have torn ACLs, and Calum Woods, who has a calf injury, for tonight's game.
Alex Neil didn't take long to make his mark as a manager after hanging up his boots at the tender age of 31. As a player, Neil had spells both sides of the border with Airdrieonians, Mansfield Town, and Barnsley before returning north of the border to join Hamilton Academical. He made more than 200 appearances at New Douglas Park and helped Accies gain promotion to the Scottish Premier League in 2008. After Billy Reid stepped down in April 2013, Neil was handed the manager's job on an interim basis before being appointed the full-time boss that summer.
During his first season in charge, he guided Hamilton back to the top tier in Scotland and then oversaw their first win away at Celtic Park for 76 years. Neil answered Norwich's call in January 2015 and won 17 of his first 25 games in charge to bring Premier League football back to Carrow Road. The Scot couldn't prevent relegation from the top flight at the first attempt and an indifferent run back in the second tier saw Neil depart Carrow Road. The 37-year-old wasn't out of work long with Preston appointing him as manager in July 2017.
Brentford wins: 22
Preston wins: 19
PRE-MATCH FEATURES
Thomas Frank feels there's plenty more to come from his side
Josh McEachran on fatherhood, family day, and Preston fixture
Hot off the Press: Lancashire Evening Post's Dave Seddon on what to expect from North End
Travel Guide: Plan your day at Deepdale with our Matchday guide
Ref Watch: Scott Duncan has been handed tonight's visit to Lancashire
It's almost a year to the day since our last trip to Deepdale and we returned south with the three points
TICKET AND TRAVEL INFO
There'll be Pay on the Day at Deepdale tonight from the Away Ticket Office in the Bill Shankley Kop:
Adults (22-64) £24
Seniors £16
Students and Apprentices (22-24)/Young Adult (19-21) £15
11-18 £8
Under 11 £2
Preston have put together a guide for Away Supporters which can be viewed here.
MATCH COVERAGE
Chris Wickham and Ben Burgess will be bringing you live commentary from Deepdale this evening.
Tonight's match will also be broadcast live on iFollow for both domestic and international supporters. For more information click here.
Download the Official Brentford FC App to get notifications direct to your phone, plus all the latest news, views and reaction from the game. Visit the Play Store or iTunes App Store now to download.
Preston North End vs Brentford on 24 Oct 18

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I really liked the concept for these wedding bands for Isabel and Iván that we named 'Mitad' (Spanish for half). Each ring has a half-round profile, representing HER on one side while a rectangular profile represents HIM on the other side. Thus each ring contains half of her and half of him. As the two approach one another in the same path, they unite naturally in one common shape.
We made them in 18k white gold with a matte finish. In her ring we asymetrically set 3 little brilliant-cut diamonds of different sizes . Both bands have a 'comfort profile' which means that the inner profile is ever so slightly rounded, for your comfort.


A meet-the-author reception for a local novelist is slated for Nov. 18 from 5-6 p.m. with her reading beginning at 6 p.m. at the Oats Park Arts Center.
Hulse is an assistant professor of English at the University of Nevada, Reno. Before coming to UNR, Hulse received her Master of Fine Arts from the University of Oregon and attended the University of Wisconsin-Madison as a fiction fellow.
In writing "Black River," Hulse captured the essence of life in Montana and the lessons taught to the main character, Wes Carver, a 60-year-old man, through her research.
When Hulse lived in Montana, she had read about a prison riot that occurred in the 1950s and wondered how the events would shape the future of one man and his many relationships.
"Well, I certainly did a lot of reading, both online and off," Hulse said. "The University of Oregon library had a particularly useful book that was largely comprised of interviews with corrections officers who had been held hostage in prison riots; I checked it out repeatedly while I was writing the first draft of Black River in graduate school.
Hulse explained her character development of Carver, who is considerably older than Hulse when she wrote the novel in her late 20s. She imagined what the character would be like through research and empathy and then wrote about Carver.
"I only had to know what it was like to be this 60-year-old man. In other words, I don't definitively know what it's like to be male, or 60, but I do know what it's like to be Wes Carver," she explained.
The novel is available on Amazon.com. In its summary, the online retailer stated the following: "When Wes Carver returns to Black River, he carries two things in the cab of his truck: his wife's ashes and a letter from the prison parole board. The convict who held him hostage during a riot, twenty years ago, is being considered for release.


If you are using custom image sizes in your WordPress theme you likely know the problem. Cropping, rotating or flipping an image via the WordPress image editor, works just on the original. After editing the image is not available in your custom sizes anymore, all you get in your theme is the edited version in original size.
I thought that there has to be a simple solution to this problem, because it is pretty basic after all. But a quick google search just got me not working code. Finally I found some code on pastebin that pointed me in the right direction.
Copy and paste the above code into your functions.php, adjust the image sizes and even your cropped images should be available in your custom sizes.


Hunting binoculars have roof prisms or porro prisms. A Roof Prism is reflecting light 5x, lighter, slimmer and directly lined with the binocular's eyepiece. A Porro Prism needs larger housing to reflect 4x light, so it is heavier. It is not directly lined with the binocular's eyepiece.
The focus could be an eyepiece for viewing more than 30 yards or a center focus for viewing less than 30 yards.
This is essential, especially if you are wearing your eyeglasses. This is the distance you can hold from the eyes to the binoculars.
The coating is added to the surface of the glass lenses that helps in reducing or eliminating reflections of light.
Choose a binocular that you feel comfortable and convenient to hold and carry.
It could be made of rubber material for easy gripping and it would be best to have a waterproof housing.
There are various of the best hunting binoculars under 500 that is available on the market. We have here some options briefly reviewed for you to choose from.
For the first option, we have the robustly designed, 8×42 Nikon 7548 Monarch 7. It comes with a Field Of View or FOV, nitrogen-filled housing with a rubber armor material coating, prism coated lenses with a Dielectric High-Reflective Multi-layered, an Extra-low Dispersion or ED glass, fog-proof and waterproof. You can get it for only $463.99.
We also have the Vortex Optics Viper HD 10×42 Binoculars. It comes with a High-density ED Glass, XR fully-coated multiple layer on every glass surface of the lens, optics with dielectric prism coating, O-ring seals, argon gas-purged housing, waterproof, fog-proof and uses RainGuard Technology. It also comes with a neck strap and a carry case. You can get it for only $499.00.
Lastly, we have the Nikon 7577 Monarch 5. It comes with an extra-low dispersion and eco-glass lenses, multi-coated lenses, flip-down lens caps, water-proof, fog-proof, the outer body is made of rubber Armor material, anti-slip, rubber eyecups, smooth central focusing knob and with long eye relief. You can get it for only $326.95.


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- Scheduling Ack/Nack, because TLLI is included.
+- Scheduling Ack/Nack, because last block has CV==0.
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PDCH(TS 7, TRX 0): Detaching TBF(TFI=0 TLLI=0xf1223344 DIR=DL STATE=RELEASING), 1 TBFs, USFs = 01, TFIs = 00000002.
TBF(TFI=1 TLLI=0xf1223344 DIR=DL STATE=FLOW) stopping timer 0.


text:
Circumference Heller myotomy for achalasia with chest pain
Fumiaki Yano, MD, Nobuo Omura, Kazuto Tsuboi, Masato Hoshino, Se Ryung Yamamoto, Shunsuke Akimoto, Takahiro Masuda, Katsunori Nishikawa, Norio Mitsumori, Hideyuki Kashiwagi, Katsuhiko Yanaga. The Jikei University School of Medicine
Background/Aim: Although the typical complaint of patient with achalasia is dysphagia, nearly half of patients also experience chest pain, which in some cases may be intense enough to be mistaken for myocardial infarction. Further, while the main treatments for achalasia, Heller-Dor procedure (HD) and Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), have been shown to improve dysphagia, their effects on accompanying chest pain have not been satisfactory, which becomes a major issue in postoperative QOL of the patient. Here we report on the significance of the newly devised Circumference Heller myotomy (CHM) on the alleviation of chest pain.
Concept: One of the causes of chest pains in achalasia is thought to be strong contractions of the esophagus. Auerbach's plexus extends around the entire circumference of the esophagus between the inner circular muscle layer and outer longitudinal muscle layer in a web-like fashion, which stimulates the muscular layers. As the muscle layer incision in HD and POEM is placed only longitudinally, they fail to achieve complete division of the sprawling web of nerves. Therefore if, a partial lateral incision of CHM is made for the whole circumference in addition to the conventional longitudinal esophageal muscle layer incision, the top and bottom of the Auerbach's plexus can be fully severed, which may interrupt propagation of the esophageal contraction wave. In CHM, an incision is made in the whole circumferenceof the muscle layer, approximately 2 cm superior to the esophagogastric junction with a width of about 1 cm, after the conventional longitudinal muscle layer incision for HD. With approval from the IRB, informed consent was obtained and the treatment outcomes were investigated in 10 patients who underwent CHM (7 female, average age 49.2 years, the preoperative morphologic type was St:Sg:aSg=6:2:2, and grade of dilatation was I:II:III=1:7:2) who were observed for 3 or more months post-surgery.
Results: The average operation time was 151 minutes, the amount of blood loss was minimal in each case, and no intraoperative complications occurred. The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days, which was equivalent to conventional HD and POEM. At 3 months after surgery, patients' dysphagia had improved in all cases. Chest pain also improved in all cases, of whom 5 cases (50%) had complete disappearance of pain. The incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis was 40% (4/10), which was slightly higher than HD, but were mild in all cases.
Conclusion: CHM may be effective for chest pain in patients with achalasia.
Program Number: P448
Presentation Session: Poster Session (Non CME)
Presentation Type: Poster
View this Poster


text:
Q: Adding new nodes into the DOM and checking if they are present I have a function that adds new
 elements into the DOM on the fly. After it is done the DOM looks similar to this but with more
 tags:

I have a button <button onclick="filtersLogic(evt, 'dWeb')"> and a function that looks like this:
function filtersLogic(evt, tabName){
    var i;
    var mapListings = $('.map-listings').childNodes;
    alert('clicked')
    if (tabName == 'dWeb'){
        alert('fired')
        if (mapListings.length != 0){
            alert(mapListings.length)
        }
    }
}

So far I can get all the way to the point where my function alerts 'fired' but nothing appears for mapListings.length.

A: The following code will get the list of
 elements inside the
 element.
Then it changes the background and foreground colors of each of them.

function filtersLogic(event, tabName){
  if (tabName == 'dWeb'){
    var els = document.querySelectorAll('.map-listings > li');
    console.log('Elements found:', els.length)
    els.forEach(
      function(el) {
        el.style.backgroundColor = "black";
        el.style.color = "white";
      }
    );
  }
}
<button onclick="filtersLogic(event, 'dWeb')">click me</button>

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If you want to keep it as jQuery then use this:

function filtersLogic(event, tabName){
  if (tabName == 'dWeb'){
    var els = $('.map-listings > li');
    console.log('Elements found:', els.length)
    els.css('backgroundColor', 'black');
    els.css('color', 'white');
  }
}

<button onclick="filtersLogic(event, 'dWeb')">click me</button>

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fdsafsadf

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trewrew

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I just like getting away from jQuery where possible.

A: *

*Don't use inline JS - it's hard to maintain

*use jQuery's .find() to sarch for child nodes

*Say hi to data-* attributes and jQuery's .data() method

function filtersLogic(evt){

    var mapListings = $('.map-listings').find("li"); // Use jQuery's .find()

    if ($(this).data("tabname") === "dWeb"){
        alert('fired')
        if (mapListings.length){
            alert(mapListings.length)
        }
    }
}

$("#filtersLogic").on("click", filtersLogic);

<button id="filtersLogic" data-tabname="dWeb"> CLICK </button>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Corporate, Financial, Meeting, Interview and Insurance.
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We have an organized and efficient Xhosa certified Translation Sacramento which is run by state of the art technology and that has a huge productive personnel being accomplished well in major cities globally including Sacramento, CA. Our services incudes academic, document, certificate translation and immigration.


May I take this opportunity to introduce myself as Club Captain of Sleaford Golf Club, for the year 2019/2020.
My introduction cannot happen without firstly thanking our immediate past Captain Ian Addlesee for the wonderful service he gave our club during his year in office. If I can be half as good as him I will feel that I have done a very good job.
I would also like to thank Ian for inviting me to be his Vice-Captain and for all the help, advice and direction he has given to me during the year.
My second thanks goes to Jim Robertson for agreeing to be my Vice-Captain for the coming year and I am looking forward to working with him this year.
Since joining Sleaford some 26 years ago I have been a strong supporter of the Club events whilst also representing the Club for many years at B Team level. I wish both Matt Lawson & Neil Tunstall all the best of luck, as they once again embark on another South Lincs Golf League season as Scratch and Handicap League Captains. I would also wish good luck to Tracy Harrison & Ann Lyon as they look after the Ladies League Team, who I've no doubt will be brilliantly led by our new Lady Captain, Carol Brinkworth. I look forward to working with you all in the year ahead.
We are also very fortunate to have a very strong Seniors' Section here at Sleaford and I know that they will be ably led by Bob Ewen as the Seniors Captain for this year. Without doubt they are a huge part in any Club and I'm sure they'll make me feel welcome, as they do all new members, if I can find time to play a few games with them over this coming year.
Whilst on the subject of the year ahead, I hope to see many friends old and new competing in our 3rd Annual Open Golf Festival which takes place in late August. This event continues to go from strength to strength and will hopefully continue for many years to come.
Obviously, to make this a success we need the participation of members, friends and as many visitors as we can encourage. It is imperative that we give as much support as we can and that support has to start at home, so I ask you all to take part and let's make it something that we, as members of this wonderful club, can be proud of.
The motto of Sleaford Golf Club is " A Pleasure to Play", – a motto taken from one of the hundreds of visitors we welcome here at Sleaford. We are fortunate to have a strong, behind the scene team, that can pride itself in the job they do.
We are known for our wonderful greens and a course condition second to none, prepared and maintained by our hard working green keeping staff, which is ably led be Course Manager, Brian Sharp.
We can guarantee you a very warm welcome and the best of hospitality, whether this is in the Pro Shop, getting help and assistance from our Pro Shop Manager James Beinlich, – or in the clubhouse being served with the finest of food and ale by our very capable House staff. All of these are managed by our Director of Golf, Nigel Pearce who continues to push the Club forward.
In addition to regular social events throughout the year such as the quizzes on a Friday night, we also now have the annual summer ball to look forward to, as well as the Christmas and New Year celebrations.
Please come and join us, particularly in our open competitions and you can rest assured, you won't be disappointed.
That just leaves me wishing you a wonderful year on the links. Play well but more importantly, 'enjoy'.
Welcome to the Ladies Section of Sleaford Golf Club, I am honoured to be the Ladies Captain for 2019. I am relatively new to golf with only a few years experience but I am keen and enthusiastic to take the club forward, so to those old, young, experienced and novice a warm welcome to you.
Sleaford is an inland links-type course, kept in wonderful condition by our Greenkeeper Brian and his enthusiastic staff. All new members, including social members, are welcome regardless of your ability. Most of our competitions are held on Tuesdays with some on Sundays and we have a very busy calendar with various competitions and matches. We play in League matches, Inter Club Friendlies as well as mixed matches, both home and away, with other local clubs throughout the season.
Friendly roll – ups take place on Tuesday and Sunday mornings when there are no competitions. Coaching is available to individuals or as a group on Friday mornings, when the professional is available – and afterwards a welcome drink. The club house has a wonderful view of the 18th tee and a warm, relaxing atmosphere enhanced by the friendly staff.
My chosen Charity for 2019 is the African Wildlife Foundation and I hope you will all support me throughout the year.
Finally, please do not hesitate to contact me should you require any further information.
Wishing you all a healthy, successful and enjoyable year of golf.


Description: This study uses a naturalistic comparative design that includes batterer programs of varying length and services in four cities. Two hundred batterers were recruited and tested for psychological problems and alcohol abuse at each of the four sites (n=840). These men and their female partners are interviewed by phone every 3 months for a fifteen month follow-up to determine the reassault rate, the influence of background variables such as alcohol abuse on outcome, and the role of additional intervention, supports, and assistance in reducing assault.
Goal: to assess the effectiveness of court-mandated batterer programs in reducing domestic violence and injury to women.


All Employers can employ on the 90 day trial without the risk of the new superstar employee taking a personal grievance (PG) for unjustified dismissal (however they may take a PG on other grounds). Sounds easy? Hmm, case law is making it more difficult and you need to add extra steps for the trial to be valid.
When you are preparing the Employment Agreement it is important that you avoid rushing the process to get them to start quickly!
Note: If you miss any of the steps above, then the trial period is likely deemed invalid.
If you are their previous employer or they have worked as a temp for you in the past you are unable to use the trial period – no if's, buts, or may be's!
Have you acted in good faith as an employer?
Have you been proactive and constructive?
Have you set them up for failure?
Did you do a review at 60 days?
If in doubt phone People Passion to check your wording or thoughts at any stage – the earlier the better!
If your new superstar has turned out to be a rock star and their 90 days is complete - what happens?
Celebrate success and retain your new super star!


Over 200 young immigrants and refugees from across British Columbia attended the Fresh Voices Forum on December 4th & 5th, 2016, to speak with diverse stakeholders and each other on the issues and ideas that matter to them.
Our highlights video features Fresh Voices Youth Advisory Team members, staff, panel and keynote speakers, including Symone Sanders, past national press secretary for Bernie Sanders, Tima Kurdi, aunt of Alan Kurdi, and Jean D'Arc Campbell, Dean of International Education and Global Initiatives, Bellevue College.
Read more about the Forum and the ten priority areas identified by participants.


Following judicial battles that left at least two court injunctions overturned, the April 20 Belo Monte auction ended up taking place. It lasted less than seven minutes and the winner was a surprise – not the consortium most people expected to win.
Norte Energia was put together at the last moment by the government to ensure that there would be competitive bidding. And there was. It was a tight victory, with the winning bid just 6.02% less than the ceiling price the government set.
For the sake of comparison, two other hydroelectric projects recently auctioned off in the Amazon region, but on the Madeira River, in the state of Rondônia, had much larger differences between the ceiling the government set and the winning bids.
At Santo Antônio, for example, scheduled to be online in 2013 with a capacity of 3,300 MW the winning bid was 35% less and at Jirau, scheduled to be online in 2013, with a capacity of 1,966 MW, it was 21.5% less.
What the government did in the case of Belo Monte was set a ceiling (83 reais – US$ 47.1 – per MW/h) slightly above where the auctions of Santo Antônio and Jirau ended. The winning bid at Santo Antônio was 78.90 reais (US$ 44.8) per MW/h and at Jirau 71.40 reais (US$ 40.5).
Norte Energia, which came into existence on Friday, April 16, just a few hours before the registration deadline, is led by a state-run electricity company, CHESF ("Companhia Hidroelétrica do São Francisco") (49.98%).
It is owned by the Bertin Group, which has existed for 30 years, but mostly in the agriculture sector, where it is one of the world's biggest beef producers. It has been involved in infrastructure and energy only since 2003 and is definitely a newcomer and somewhat of an outsider in projects the size of Belo Monte.
It is believed that a series of adjustments will be made in the composition of the winning consortium. The only rule governing the entrance of new partners is that they cannot have been partners in the losing consortium.
According to Lima, it is almost certain that another state-run electricity company, Eletronorte, will be part of the consortium at some time in the future, having already signed a commitment as a "strategic partner." Eletronorte would assume part of CHESF's 49.98% participation.
Lima also said that Belo Monte would be built within the projected cost of 19 billion reais (US$ 10.8 billion). That price was established by the government's Energy Research Company ("Empresa de Pesquisa Energética" – EPE).
The president of the EPE, Maurício Tolmasquim, declared that there is no risk that the taxpayer will have to pay more for electricity if the construction costs more.
"The tariff (77.97 reais per MW/hour) set in the winning bid cannot be altered. It will be adjusted from time to time based on variations of the Broad Consumer Price Index (IPC-A), that's all," he declared, adding that the incentives the government gave Belo Monte are compatible with similar infrastructure projects around the world.
According to the minister, thermo (gas) generated electricity costs an average 200 reais (US$ 113.5) per MW/h, nuclear is around 150 reais per (US$ 85.1) per MW/h.
It is mandatory for the consortium to furnish 70% of the electricity they generate at 77.97 reais MW/hour. Partners in the consortium (self-producers) can receive up to 10% of the electricity generated at cost. The remaining 20% of the electricity generated can be sold on the open market.
Norte Energia consists of nine companies: Companhia Hidroelétrica do São Francisco (CHESF) 49.98%; Construtora Queiroz Galvão S/A, 10.02%; Gaia Energia e Participações, 10.02%; Galvão Engenharia S/A, 3.75%; Mendes Junior Trading Engenharia S/A, 3.75%; Serveng-Civilsan S/A, 3.75%; J. Malucelli Construtora de Obras S/A, 9.98%; Contern Construções e Comércio Ltda, 3.75%; Cetenco Engenharia S/A, 5%.


text:
Why Brad
Why Sotheby's
City of Victoria
Saanich East
Saanich West
Malahat and Area
5 Tips for the Negotiation Process
If you're buying a new home through the top realtor in Victoria BC, you've likely heard the word "negotiation" thrown around quite a bit. It's an essential part of the process, but it can feel intimidating! Below are our 5… More
What is a Walkthrough, and Do I Need One?
If you're reading this, you're probably getting ready to close on your first home with the help of a top realtor in Victoria BC. Congratulations! You did the hard work and are ready for your home. But before you make… More
A Basement Renovation Should Be Your Next Project
When you consider renovating your home, it's easy to think about starting with the main floor. Despite this, there are several good reasons why a basement renovation should be your next project instead. Basements are often underutilized spaces in homes—they're… More
Buyer Etiquette Tips You Should Prioritize
When you're buying a home, there are certain things that you should keep in mind. We have listed some important etiquette tips that a buyer should keep in mind when looking for a house with the help of a top… More
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Victoria BC Housing Market Forecast for 2023
The Victoria housing market has been consistently strong in recent years, with low unemployment rates and a growing population driving demand for housing. So what can buyers and sellers expect in the coming year? Here's a look at the forecast… More
2022 Victoria Real Estate Market Year in Review
The 2022 Victoria real estate market year in review A total of 320 properties sold in the Victoria Real Estate Board region this December, 26.9 per cent fewer than the 438 properties sold in December 2021 and a 16.7… More
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text:
Volume > Issue > Gurus of a Post-Human Age
Gurus of a Post-Human Age
GARRETT HARDIN & JAMES RACHELS
By Anne Barbeau Gardiner | January-February 2012
Anne Barbeau Gardiner, a Contributing Editor of the NOR, is Professor Emerita of English at John Jay College of the City University of New York. She has published on Dryden, Milton, and Swift, as well as on Catholics of the seventeenth century. A version of this article was originally presented at a meeting of the United Faculty for Life.
Two influential academics died in 2003 whose work in the area of post-humanism is still highly regarded in the academic world. The first is Garrett Hardin, a biologist who taught human ecology at the University of California at Santa Barbara; the second is James Rachels, a philosopher and medical ethicist at the University of Alabama who was credited in The New York Times with igniting the euthanasia debate. Both of these men expressed a thoroughgoing contempt for human nature and saw nothing wrong with consigning the weak among us to a cruel death. That each rose to the top of his profession reveals how completely the secular academic world has embraced the culture of death.
Garrett Hardin considered "traditional thinking" to be "deplorably nonnumerate." Christianity, he claimed, is especially deficient in this area, having developed before there was "much appreciation of the importance of numeracy." The language of Christianity is especially problematic: "People need to be made allergic to such thought-stoppers as infinity, sacred, and absolute," Hardin wrote. "The real world is a world of quantified entities: 'infinity' and the like are not words for quantities but utterances used to divert attention from quantities and limits." Thus, he dismissed as nonexistent the transcendence of man over the material world. The great task before us, Hardin asserted, is to "marry" ethics to scientific numeracy.
In keeping with his insistence that reality consists only of quantified entities, Hardin began agitating for legalized abortion as far back as 1963; he spent the next forty years of his life promoting population control. This is why he heartily approved of the comparison made in 1955 by Alan Gregg, vice-president of the Rockefeller Foundation, between the spread of humanity and "the metastasis of cancer." This comparison was meant to justify the starvation of people in densely populated areas: "Cancerous growths demand food; but, as far as I know, they have never been cured by getting it," Hardin explained. For him, man is not the crown of creation made in the image of God, but rather earth's invasive disease.
Hardin is most famous for "The Tragedy of the Commons," his Presidential Address to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (Pacific Branch) in June 1968. Published in Science magazine later that year, it became one of the most widely read of all environmental works. In this highly influential essay, Hardin argues that we need to get rid of traditional morality because it makes "no allowance" for overpopulation. There is no warrant in nature for the traditional belief in the "sanctity of life," he claims, because an individual life is "cheap, very cheap" where there is "a surplus of demanding human flesh." His phrase surplus of flesh turns human beings into a vast quantity of superfluous meat. Of course, an individual life would be significant if there were too few people on earth, but instead of a shortage we have — and here he coins a quantifying word — "a longage of people."
Biotechnology & Posthumanism
Eschatology & End Times
Pro Life Issues & Culture of Death
Literature Matters by Michael S. Rose
Blessed Are the Barren
For all the talk of freedom and population control, one simple fact is ignored: God is the Lord of life, and to reject the life in us as women is surely to reject Him.
Contraception & Compromised Intimacy
When one has passed beyond egoism, when one has truly understood that love is a mutual gift, then one comes to what is truly love.
Saying a Humble, Compassionate & Joyful "Yes" to Life
Resisting the forces of death is only meaningful when we are fully in touch with the forces of life we want to uphold.


Christmas a time of giving; for families to come together and be merry, exchanging gifts with loved ones often not seen for months on end. However, there comes a point where the magic fades, the constant drone of Wham! on repeat becomes unbearable and you just fancy a little bit of alone time.
What better way to satisfy that need with a book? Telling the tales of past cross-world epics, the life stories of your motorcycling heroes and even offering practical maintenance advice, there is a biking-themed read for everyone.
To help you find the right one this Christmas, for either yourself or a biker in your life, the team at MCN have compiled a handy list of their favourite motorcycling reads. Have a browse and purchase your copy today.
Written by television presenter and motorcycle enthusiast, Henry Cole, A Biker's Life recounts tales from Cole's life both on and off of two wheels and is well worth a read this festive season. The story begins with the discovery of his Great-Uncle Redbeard's classic bike collection, which ignited his motorcycle passion as a child, before segwaying though his struggles with addiction, anecdotes of war-torn landscapes and then eventually arriving at the present day. It's a gripping read that keeps motorcycles central to the narrative at all times.
Born into a hugely successful road racing dynasty, Michael Dunlop follows in the footsteps of his late, great father Robert Dunlop and uncle Joey Dunlop, by competing at the highest level of motorcycle road racing. The brother of the late William Dunlop, this is a truly gripping read that recounts a youth spent in the racing paddock, his father's heroic comeback from injury and his own personal triumphs within this sport. It also addresses the low-points of road racing, discussing the loss of his uncle in Estonia in 2000 and of his father at the North West 200, eight years later. Despite such tragedy, Michael was able to take to the North West 200 grid just two days after his father's death and win. This is a book every road racing fan should read.
Think of the Isle of Man TT and the name John McGuinness can never be too far away. The most successful living TT rider and second only to Joey Dunlop's tally of 26 wins, McGuinness has been at the sharp end of the road racing scene for 20 years and continues to be competitive at 46-years-old. This autobiography recounts the story of his childhood in Morecambe and getting his first bike aged three, to working as a bricklayer and cockle fisherman before taking the plunge and pursuing a career on the roads.
Recommended rather fittingly by professional speed tester and data logger Bruce Dunn, Stealing Speed is written by well-respected motorcycle journalist, former MCN staff member and Isle of Man TT winner Mat Oxley and recounts the story of how world championship MZ rider Ernst Degner defected and sold MZ's secrets to Suzuki, while his wife and children were drugged and smuggled through the Berlin Wall in 1961. Degner was branded a traitor by the Communists and suffered horrific injuries in a racing accident, before dying in mysterious circumstances.
Offering a detailed insiders' account of the Isle of Man TT races, Times writer Rick Broadbent follows the life of Guy Martin, Conor Cummins, John McGuinness and Guy Martin as they tackle the mountain course. Alongside the challenge of the track, the story follows Martin's new-found fame, Cummins' battle against depression and a return from injury, McGuinness' attempts to fend off younger riders and staying competitive at middle age, as well as how Dunlop manages to live with one of the greatest legacies in sport.
This is a fascinating and highly personal account of the life of arguably the world's most gifted motorcycle racer. From humble beginnings, to being crowned 500cc and 250cc World Champion in 1985 – a historic achievement which has never been repeated, it's well worth a read this Christmas.
Get lost in an anthology of gripping shorts by the likes of T.E. Lawrence, Roald Dahl, Melissa Holbrook Pierson, Robert Hughes and so on. It's a thrilling tribute to the thrill of motorcycling and will provide you with biking kicks aplenty this Christmas.
In 2004, Long Way Rounders Charley and Ewan managed 19,000 miles on a pair of specced-up R1150GSs with copious support. In 1990, Jim Rogers and his girlfriend Tabitha Estabrook used a lardy BMW R100RT with no sat-nav to chase the summer for 57,000 miles, ticking off 51 countries on all six continents. He had just cashed in his chips as a wildly successful hedge fund manager, working in partnership with billionaire George Soros. So the book is part travelogue, part investment guide as he visited stock exchanges and factories instead of temples and mountain peaks, everywhere from Angola to Chile. Although it's more than 25 years ago, a lot of his predictions on emerging markets have proved by and large to be unerringly accurate.


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Q: Using inheritance in constructor (publix X () : y) I have just seen following code but I do not understand the derivation of base class right in the constructor declaration. What is this and is this possible with ordinal methods?
public SplashAppContext(Form mainForm, Form splashForm) : base(splashForm)
{
this.mainForm = mainForm;
splashTimer.Tick += new EventHandler(SplashTimeUp);
splashTimer.Interval = 2000;
splashTimer.Enabled = true;
}

A: It's calling a base class constructor, passing the argument splashForm of the type Form to it.
You can call base class methods as well. If you for example have overridden a method which behaviour you want to modify slightly, you do your modifications and call the base class method with base.TheMethod(). This would look like this:
public override void FireMissiles()
{
   PrimeMissiles();

   base.FireMissiles();
}

The syntax for calling a base class constructor and a base class method differs as you can see.

A: The syntax you've listed means that this constructor calls the superclass's constructor with the parameter splashForm before continuing with the rest of the construction of this object. When no superclass constructor is listed, the no-arg constructor is assumed, i.e:
public SplashAppContext(Form mainForm, Form splashForm)
{ ... }

is equivalent to
public SplashAppContext(Form mainForm, Form splashForm) : base()
{ ... }

A:
What is this...

This line is called a constructor initializer. It means "call the base class's constructor with the parameter splashForm, then start this constructor's body".
When no constructor initializer is explicitly specified for a constructor, it's assumed that you want base(), the parameterless constructor.

...is this possible with ordinary methods?

For regular methods, you can of course call base class methods (with base.SomeMethod(...)), but there's no "initializer" style available.

A: : base(splashForm)

Is calling the parent constructor and passing splashForm to it.

A: This is actually not really a case of inheritance, what this syntax specifies is that before SplashAppContext's constructor is called, its base constructor should be called with splashForm passed as a parameter.

A: That is the syntax for calling the constructor of the immediate parent class. This is the C# syntax, whereas VB.NET requires that you call MyBase.New(splashForm) as the first line of code in your constructor.
This is expressed this way because a parent object is guaranteed to be fully constructed and initialized by the time your child constructor code begins to execute. Because of this, both compilers (VB.NET and C#) specify that you may not execute any of your own code before the parent constructor is called (if you don't specify a parent constructor and a parameterless constructor exists, it will be called automatically).
This syntax is not possible (nor necessary) for other method calls, as it's possible to invoke the base implementation of any other function by calling base.FunctionName() in your code. Constructors are just special cases because they have to execute before any other code.