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Project acronym ABODYFORCE
Project High Throughput Microfluidic Cell and Nanoparticle Handling by Molecular and Thermal Gradient Acoustic Focusing
Researcher (PI) Per AUGUSTSSON
Host Institution (HI) LUNDS UNIVERSITET
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), PE7, ERC-2019-STG
Summary In this project we will push the limits of microscale ultrasound-based technology to gain access to diagnostically important rare constituents of blood within minutes from blood draw. To meet the demands for shorter time from sampling to result in healthcare there is an increased interest to shift from heavy centralized lab equipment to point-of-care tests and patient self-testing. Key challenges with point-of-care equipment is to enable simultaneous measurement of many parameters at a reasonable cost and size of equipment. Therefore, microscale technologies that can take in small amounts of blood and output results within minutes are sought for. In addition, the high precision and potential for multi-stage serial processing offered by such microfluidic methods opens up for fast and automated isolation of rare cell populations, such as circulating tumor cells, and controlled high-throughput size fractionation of sub-micron biological particles, such as platelets, pathogens and extracellular vesicles. To achieve effective and fast separation of blood components we will expose blood to acoustic radiation forces in a flow-through format. By exploiting a newly discovered acoustic body force, that stems from local variations the acoustic properties of the cell suspension, we can generate self-organizing configurations of the blood cells. We will tailor and tune the acoustic cell-organization in novel ways by time modulation of the acoustic field, by altering the acoustic properties of the fluid by solute molecules, and by exploiting a novel concept of sound interaction with thermal gradients. The project will render new fundamental knowledge regarding the acoustic properties of single cells and an extensive theoretical framework for the response of cells in any aqueous medium, bounding geometry and sound field, potentially leading to new diagnostic methods.
In this project we will push the limits of microscale ultrasound-based technology to gain access to diagnostically important rare constituents of blood within minutes from blood draw. To meet the demands for shorter time from sampling to result in healthcare there is an increased interest to shift from heavy centralized lab equipment to point-of-care tests and patient self-testing. Key challenges with point-of-care equipment is to enable simultaneous measurement of many parameters at a reasonable cost and size of equipment. Therefore, microscale technologies that can take in small amounts of blood and output results within minutes are sought for. In addition, the high precision and potential for multi-stage serial processing offered by such microfluidic methods opens up for fast and automated isolation of rare cell populations, such as circulating tumor cells, and controlled high-throughput size fractionation of sub-micron biological particles, such as platelets, pathogens and extracellular vesicles. To achieve effective and fast separation of blood components we will expose blood to acoustic radiation forces in a flow-through format. By exploiting a newly discovered acoustic body force, that stems from local variations the acoustic properties of the cell suspension, we can generate self-organizing configurations of the blood cells. We will tailor and tune the acoustic cell-organization in novel ways by time modulation of the acoustic field, by altering the acoustic properties of the fluid by solute molecules, and by exploiting a novel concept of sound interaction with thermal gradients. The project will render new fundamental knowledge regarding the acoustic properties of single cells and an extensive theoretical framework for the response of cells in any aqueous medium, bounding geometry and sound field, potentially leading to new diagnostic methods.
Max ERC Funding
Start date: 2019-11-01, End date: 2024-10-31
Project acronym ADDICTIONCIRCUITS
Project Drug addiction: molecular changes in reward and aversion circuits
Researcher (PI) Nils David Engblom
Host Institution (HI) LINKOPINGS UNIVERSITET
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), LS5, ERC-2010-StG_20091118
Summary Our affective and motivational state is important for our decisions, actions and quality of life. Many pathological conditions affect this state. For example, addictive drugs are hyperactivating the reward system and trigger a strong motivation for continued drug intake, whereas many somatic and psychiatric diseases lead to an aversive state, characterized by loss of motivation. I will study specific neural circuits and mechanisms underlying reward and aversion, and how pathological signaling in these systems can trigger relapse in drug addiction. Given the important role of the dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain for many aspects of reward signaling, I will study how synaptic plasticity in these cells, and in their target neurons in the striatum, contribute to relapse in drug seeking. I will also study the circuits underlying aversion. Little is known about these circuits, but my hypothesis is that an important component of aversion is signaled by a specific neuronal population in the brainstem parabrachial nucleus, projecting to the central amygdala. We will test this hypothesis and also determine how this aversion circuit contributes to the persistence of addiction and to relapse. To dissect this complicated system, I am developing new genetic methods for manipulating and visualizing specific functional circuits in the mouse brain. My unique combination of state-of-the-art competence in transgenics and cutting edge knowledge in the anatomy and functional organization of the circuits behind reward and aversion should allow me to decode these systems, linking discrete circuits to behavior. Collectively, the results will indicate how signals encoding aversion and reward are integrated to control addictive behavior and they may identify novel avenues for treatment of drug addiction as well as aversion-related symptoms affecting patients with chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer.
Our affective and motivational state is important for our decisions, actions and quality of life. Many pathological conditions affect this state. For example, addictive drugs are hyperactivating the reward system and trigger a strong motivation for continued drug intake, whereas many somatic and psychiatric diseases lead to an aversive state, characterized by loss of motivation. I will study specific neural circuits and mechanisms underlying reward and aversion, and how pathological signaling in these systems can trigger relapse in drug addiction. Given the important role of the dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain for many aspects of reward signaling, I will study how synaptic plasticity in these cells, and in their target neurons in the striatum, contribute to relapse in drug seeking. I will also study the circuits underlying aversion. Little is known about these circuits, but my hypothesis is that an important component of aversion is signaled by a specific neuronal population in the brainstem parabrachial nucleus, projecting to the central amygdala. We will test this hypothesis and also determine how this aversion circuit contributes to the persistence of addiction and to relapse. To dissect this complicated system, I am developing new genetic methods for manipulating and visualizing specific functional circuits in the mouse brain. My unique combination of state-of-the-art competence in transgenics and cutting edge knowledge in the anatomy and functional organization of the circuits behind reward and aversion should allow me to decode these systems, linking discrete circuits to behavior. Collectively, the results will indicate how signals encoding aversion and reward are integrated to control addictive behavior and they may identify novel avenues for treatment of drug addiction as well as aversion-related symptoms affecting patients with chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer.
Project acronym AfricanNeo
Project The African Neolithic: A genetic perspective
Researcher (PI) Carina SCHLEBUSCH
Host Institution (HI) UPPSALA UNIVERSITET
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), SH6, ERC-2017-STG
Summary The spread of farming practices in various parts of the world had a marked influence on how humans live today and how we are distributed around the globe. Around 10,000 years ago, warmer conditions lead to population increases, coinciding with the invention of farming in several places around the world. Archaeological evidence attest to the spread of these practices to neighboring regions. In many cases this lead to whole continents being converted from hunter-gatherer to farming societies. It is however difficult to see from archaeological records if only the farming culture spread to other places or whether the farming people themselves migrated. Investigating patterns of genetic variation for farming populations and for remaining hunter-gatherer groups can help to resolve questions on population movements co-occurring with the spread of farming practices. It can further shed light on the routes of migration and dates when migrants arrived. The spread of farming to Europe has been thoroughly investigated in the fields of archaeology, linguistics and genetics, while on other continents these events have been less investigated. In Africa, mainly linguistic and archaeological studies have attempted to elucidate the spread of farming and herding practices. I propose to investigate the movement of farmer and pastoral groups in Africa, by typing densely spaced genome-wide variant positions in a large number of African populations. The data will be used to infer how farming and pastoralism was introduced to various regions, where the incoming people originated from and when these (potential) population movements occurred. Through this study, the Holocene history of Africa will be revealed and placed into a global context of migration, mobility and cultural transitions. Additionally the study will give due credence to one of the largest Neolithic expansion events, the Bantu-expansion, which caused a pronounced change in the demographic landscape of the African continent
The spread of farming practices in various parts of the world had a marked influence on how humans live today and how we are distributed around the globe. Around 10,000 years ago, warmer conditions lead to population increases, coinciding with the invention of farming in several places around the world. Archaeological evidence attest to the spread of these practices to neighboring regions. In many cases this lead to whole continents being converted from hunter-gatherer to farming societies. It is however difficult to see from archaeological records if only the farming culture spread to other places or whether the farming people themselves migrated. Investigating patterns of genetic variation for farming populations and for remaining hunter-gatherer groups can help to resolve questions on population movements co-occurring with the spread of farming practices. It can further shed light on the routes of migration and dates when migrants arrived. The spread of farming to Europe has been thoroughly investigated in the fields of archaeology, linguistics and genetics, while on other continents these events have been less investigated. In Africa, mainly linguistic and archaeological studies have attempted to elucidate the spread of farming and herding practices. I propose to investigate the movement of farmer and pastoral groups in Africa, by typing densely spaced genome-wide variant positions in a large number of African populations. The data will be used to infer how farming and pastoralism was introduced to various regions, where the incoming people originated from and when these (potential) population movements occurred. Through this study, the Holocene history of Africa will be revealed and placed into a global context of migration, mobility and cultural transitions. Additionally the study will give due credence to one of the largest Neolithic expansion events, the Bantu-expansion, which caused a pronounced change in the demographic landscape of the African continent
Project acronym AFRODITE
Project Advanced Fluid Research On Drag reduction In Turbulence Experiments
Researcher (PI) Jens Henrik Mikael Fransson
Host Institution (HI) KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), PE8, ERC-2010-StG_20091028
Summary A hot topic in today's debate on global warming is drag reduction in aeronautics. The most beneficial concept for drag reduction is to maintain the major portion of the airfoil laminar. Estimations show that the potential drag reduction can be as much as 15%, which would give a significant reduction of NOx and CO emissions in the atmosphere considering that the number of aircraft take offs, only in the EU, is over 19 million per year. An important element for successful flow control, which can lead to a reduced aerodynamic drag, is enhanced physical understanding of the transition to turbulence process. In previous wind tunnel measurements we have shown that roughness elements can be used to sensibly delay transition to turbulence. The result is revolutionary, since the common belief has been that surface roughness causes earlier transition and in turn increases the drag, and is a proof of concept of the passive control method per se. The beauty with a passive control technique is that no external energy has to be added to the flow system in order to perform the control, instead one uses the existing energy in the flow. In this project proposal, AFRODITE, we will take this passive control method to the next level by making it twofold, more persistent and more robust. Transition prevention is the goal rather than transition delay and the method will be extended to simultaneously control separation, which is another unwanted flow phenomenon especially during airplane take offs. AFRODITE will be a catalyst for innovative research, which will lead to a cleaner sky.
A hot topic in today's debate on global warming is drag reduction in aeronautics. The most beneficial concept for drag reduction is to maintain the major portion of the airfoil laminar. Estimations show that the potential drag reduction can be as much as 15%, which would give a significant reduction of NOx and CO emissions in the atmosphere considering that the number of aircraft take offs, only in the EU, is over 19 million per year. An important element for successful flow control, which can lead to a reduced aerodynamic drag, is enhanced physical understanding of the transition to turbulence process. In previous wind tunnel measurements we have shown that roughness elements can be used to sensibly delay transition to turbulence. The result is revolutionary, since the common belief has been that surface roughness causes earlier transition and in turn increases the drag, and is a proof of concept of the passive control method per se. The beauty with a passive control technique is that no external energy has to be added to the flow system in order to perform the control, instead one uses the existing energy in the flow. In this project proposal, AFRODITE, we will take this passive control method to the next level by making it twofold, more persistent and more robust. Transition prevention is the goal rather than transition delay and the method will be extended to simultaneously control separation, which is another unwanted flow phenomenon especially during airplane take offs. AFRODITE will be a catalyst for innovative research, which will lead to a cleaner sky.
Project acronym AGINGSEXDIFF
Project Aging Differently: Understanding Sex Differences in Reproductive, Demographic and Functional Senescence
Researcher (PI) Alexei Maklakov
Summary Sex differences in life span and aging are ubiquitous across the animal kingdom and represent a long-standing challenge in evolutionary biology. In most species, including humans, sexes differ not only in how long they live and when they start to senesce, but also in how they react to environmental interventions aimed at prolonging their life span or decelerating the onset of aging. Therefore, sex differences in life span and aging have important implications beyond the questions posed by fundamental science. Both evolutionary reasons and medical implications of sex differences in demographic, reproductive and physiological senescence are and will be crucial targets of present and future research in the biology of aging. Here I propose a two-step approach that can provide a significant breakthrough in our understanding of the biological basis of sex differences in aging. First, I propose to resolve the age-old conundrum regarding the role of sexspecific mortality rate in sex differences in aging by developing a series of targeted experimental evolution studies in a novel model organism – the nematode, Caenorhabditis remanei. Second, I address the role of intra-locus sexual conflict in the evolution of aging by combining novel methodology from nutritional ecology – the Geometric Framework – with artificial selection approach using the cricket Teleogryllus commodus and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. I will directly test the hypothesis that intra-locus sexual conflict mediates aging by restricting the adaptive evolution of diet choice. By combining techniques from evolutionary biology and nutritional ecology, this proposal will raise EU's profile in integrative research, and contribute to the training of young scientists in this rapidly developing field.
Sex differences in life span and aging are ubiquitous across the animal kingdom and represent a long-standing challenge in evolutionary biology. In most species, including humans, sexes differ not only in how long they live and when they start to senesce, but also in how they react to environmental interventions aimed at prolonging their life span or decelerating the onset of aging. Therefore, sex differences in life span and aging have important implications beyond the questions posed by fundamental science. Both evolutionary reasons and medical implications of sex differences in demographic, reproductive and physiological senescence are and will be crucial targets of present and future research in the biology of aging. Here I propose a two-step approach that can provide a significant breakthrough in our understanding of the biological basis of sex differences in aging. First, I propose to resolve the age-old conundrum regarding the role of sexspecific mortality rate in sex differences in aging by developing a series of targeted experimental evolution studies in a novel model organism – the nematode, Caenorhabditis remanei. Second, I address the role of intra-locus sexual conflict in the evolution of aging by combining novel methodology from nutritional ecology – the Geometric Framework – with artificial selection approach using the cricket Teleogryllus commodus and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. I will directly test the hypothesis that intra-locus sexual conflict mediates aging by restricting the adaptive evolution of diet choice. By combining techniques from evolutionary biology and nutritional ecology, this proposal will raise EU's profile in integrative research, and contribute to the training of young scientists in this rapidly developing field.
Project acronym ANSR
Project Ab initio approach to nuclear structure and reactions (++)
Researcher (PI) Christian Erik Forssen
Host Institution (HI) CHALMERS TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLA AB
Summary Today, much interest in several fields of physics is devoted to the study of small, open quantum systems, whose properties are profoundly affected by the environment; i.e., the continuum of decay channels. In nuclear physics, these problems were originally studied in the context of nuclear reactions but their importance has been reestablished with the advent of radioactive-beam physics and the resulting interest in exotic nuclei. In particular, strong theory initiatives in this area of research will be instrumental for the success of the experimental program at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Germany. In addition, many of the aspects of open quantum systems are also being explored in the rapidly evolving research on ultracold atomic gases, quantum dots, and other nanodevices. A first-principles description of open quantum systems presents a substantial theoretical and computational challenge. However, the current availability of enormous computing power has allowed theorists to make spectacular progress on problems that were previously thought intractable. The importance of computational methods to study quantum many-body systems is stressed in this proposal. Our approach is based on the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM), which is a well-established theoretical framework aimed originally at an exact description of nuclear structure starting from realistic inter-nucleon forces. A successful completion of this project requires extensions of the NCSM mathematical framework and the development of highly advanced computer codes. The '++' in the project title indicates the interdisciplinary aspects of the present research proposal and the ambition to make a significant impact on connected fields of many-body physics.
Today, much interest in several fields of physics is devoted to the study of small, open quantum systems, whose properties are profoundly affected by the environment; i.e., the continuum of decay channels. In nuclear physics, these problems were originally studied in the context of nuclear reactions but their importance has been reestablished with the advent of radioactive-beam physics and the resulting interest in exotic nuclei. In particular, strong theory initiatives in this area of research will be instrumental for the success of the experimental program at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Germany. In addition, many of the aspects of open quantum systems are also being explored in the rapidly evolving research on ultracold atomic gases, quantum dots, and other nanodevices. A first-principles description of open quantum systems presents a substantial theoretical and computational challenge. However, the current availability of enormous computing power has allowed theorists to make spectacular progress on problems that were previously thought intractable. The importance of computational methods to study quantum many-body systems is stressed in this proposal. Our approach is based on the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM), which is a well-established theoretical framework aimed originally at an exact description of nuclear structure starting from realistic inter-nucleon forces. A successful completion of this project requires extensions of the NCSM mathematical framework and the development of highly advanced computer codes. The '++' in the project title indicates the interdisciplinary aspects of the present research proposal and the ambition to make a significant impact on connected fields of many-body physics.
Project acronym B-DOMINANCE
Project B Cell Immunodominance in Antiviral Immunity
Researcher (PI) Davide Angeletti
Host Institution (HI) GOETEBORGS UNIVERSITET
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), LS6, ERC-2019-STG
Summary This proposal aims at understanding how B cell specificity and immunodominance shape primary and secondary humoral responses to influenza A virus. Influenza A virus is a relevant human pathogen causing a considerable yearly death toll and economic burden to society. Immunodominance is a major driving force of adaptive immunity and defines the hierarchical recognition of epitopes on the same antigen. Previous studies analysing B cell dynamics in primary and secondary responses have been mainly focusing on simple antigens and competition between B cell clones of the same family. Investigation using complex antigens and examining interclonal competition are surprisingly scarce. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a prime candidate to study immunodominance in B cells. I have generated a set of mutant viruses that will allow for an unprecedented investigation into immunodominance and B cell interclonal competition in primary and secondary responses. These viruses can be used to isolate and enumerate antibody and B cells specific for different epitopes on the same complex antigen (HA). I will use these unique tools in combination with state-of-the-art immunological methods, multi-colour flow cytometry and single cells RNA sequencing paired with B cell receptor sequencing to gain fundamental insights into B cell regulation and anti-viral humoral responses. I will i) study the link between B cell receptor characteristics, specificity and B cell fate decisions in primary responses, ii) characterize the relative contribution of pre-existing B cells, serum antibodies and CD4 T cells for immunodominance of secondary responses, iii) define immunodominance in human individuals, repeatedly exposed to influenza virus. I expect this project to critically improve our understanding of basic B cell biology with the long-term benefit of improving current vaccination against variable viral pathogens.
This proposal aims at understanding how B cell specificity and immunodominance shape primary and secondary humoral responses to influenza A virus. Influenza A virus is a relevant human pathogen causing a considerable yearly death toll and economic burden to society. Immunodominance is a major driving force of adaptive immunity and defines the hierarchical recognition of epitopes on the same antigen. Previous studies analysing B cell dynamics in primary and secondary responses have been mainly focusing on simple antigens and competition between B cell clones of the same family. Investigation using complex antigens and examining interclonal competition are surprisingly scarce. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a prime candidate to study immunodominance in B cells. I have generated a set of mutant viruses that will allow for an unprecedented investigation into immunodominance and B cell interclonal competition in primary and secondary responses. These viruses can be used to isolate and enumerate antibody and B cells specific for different epitopes on the same complex antigen (HA). I will use these unique tools in combination with state-of-the-art immunological methods, multi-colour flow cytometry and single cells RNA sequencing paired with B cell receptor sequencing to gain fundamental insights into B cell regulation and anti-viral humoral responses. I will i) study the link between B cell receptor characteristics, specificity and B cell fate decisions in primary responses, ii) characterize the relative contribution of pre-existing B cells, serum antibodies and CD4 T cells for immunodominance of secondary responses, iii) define immunodominance in human individuals, repeatedly exposed to influenza virus. I expect this project to critically improve our understanding of basic B cell biology with the long-term benefit of improving current vaccination against variable viral pathogens.
Project acronym BIOFINDER
Project New biomarkers for Alzheimer's & Parkinson's diseases - key tools for early diagnosis and drug development
Researcher (PI) Oskar Hansson
Host Institution (HI) MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University
Summary Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common in elderly and the prevalence of these is increasing. AD and PD have distinct pathogenesis, which precede the overt clinical symptoms by 10-15 years, opening a window for early diagnosis and treatment. New disease-modifying therapies are likely to be most efficient if initiated before the patients exhibit overt symptoms, making biomarkers for early diagnosis crucial for future clinical trials. Validated biomarkers would speed up initiation of treatment, avoid unnecessary investigations, and reduce patient insecurity. AIMS: (1) identify and validate accurate and cost-effective blood-based biomarkers for early identification of those at high risk to develop AD and PD, (2) develop algorithms using advanced imaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for earlier more accurate diagnoses, and (3) better understand the underlying pathology and early progression of AD and PD, aiming at finding new relevant drug targets. We will assess well-characterized and clinically relevant populations of patients and healthy elderly. We will use population- and clinic-based cohorts and follow them prospectively for 4 year. Participants will undergo neurocognitive evaluation, provide blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and have brain imaging using advanced MRI protocols and a newly developed PET-tracer visualizing brain amyloid. Sample will be analyzed with quantitative mass spectrometry and high sensitivity immunoassays. New biomarkers and brain imaging techniques will aid early diagnosis and facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies, since treatment can start earlier in the disease process. New methods to quantify relevant drug targets, such as oligomers of β-amyloid and α-synuclein, will be vital when selecting drug candidates for large-scale clinical trials. By improving both diagnosis and therapies the social and economic burden of dementia might be reduced by expanding the period of healthy and active aging
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common in elderly and the prevalence of these is increasing. AD and PD have distinct pathogenesis, which precede the overt clinical symptoms by 10-15 years, opening a window for early diagnosis and treatment. New disease-modifying therapies are likely to be most efficient if initiated before the patients exhibit overt symptoms, making biomarkers for early diagnosis crucial for future clinical trials. Validated biomarkers would speed up initiation of treatment, avoid unnecessary investigations, and reduce patient insecurity. AIMS: (1) identify and validate accurate and cost-effective blood-based biomarkers for early identification of those at high risk to develop AD and PD, (2) develop algorithms using advanced imaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for earlier more accurate diagnoses, and (3) better understand the underlying pathology and early progression of AD and PD, aiming at finding new relevant drug targets. We will assess well-characterized and clinically relevant populations of patients and healthy elderly. We will use population- and clinic-based cohorts and follow them prospectively for 4 year. Participants will undergo neurocognitive evaluation, provide blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and have brain imaging using advanced MRI protocols and a newly developed PET-tracer visualizing brain amyloid. Sample will be analyzed with quantitative mass spectrometry and high sensitivity immunoassays. New biomarkers and brain imaging techniques will aid early diagnosis and facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies, since treatment can start earlier in the disease process. New methods to quantify relevant drug targets, such as oligomers of β-amyloid and α-synuclein, will be vital when selecting drug candidates for large-scale clinical trials. By improving both diagnosis and therapies the social and economic burden of dementia might be reduced by expanding the period of healthy and active aging
Project acronym BODY-OWNERSHIP
Project Neural mechanisms of body ownership and the projection of ownership onto artificial bodies
Researcher (PI) H. Henrik Ehrsson
Host Institution (HI) KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Summary How do we recognize that our limbs are part of our own body, and why do we feel that one's self is located inside the body? These fundamental questions have been discussed in theology, philosophy and psychology for millennia. The aim of my ground-breaking research programme is to identify the neuronal mechanisms that produce the sense of ownership of the body, and the processes responsible for the feeling that the self is located inside the physical body. To solve these questions I will adopt an inter-disciplinary approach using state-of-the-art methods from the fields of imaging neuroscience, experimental psychology, computer science and robotics. My first hypothesis is that the mechanism for body ownership is the integration of information from different sensory modalities (vision, touch and muscle sense) in multi-sensory brain areas (ventral premotor and intraparietal cortex). My second hypothesis is that the sense of where you are located in the environment is mediated by allocentric spatial representations in medial temporal lobes. To test this, I will use perceptual illusions and virtual-reality techniques that allow me to manipulate body ownership and the perceived location of the self, in conjunction with non-invasive recordings of brain activity in healthy humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography will be used to identify the neuronal correlates of ownership and 'in-body experiences', while transcranial magnetic stimulation will be used to examine the causal relationship between neural activity and ownership. It is no overstatement to say that my pioneering work could define a new sub-field in cognitive neuroscience dealing with how the brain represents the self. These basic scientific discoveries will be used in new frontier applications. For example, the development of a prosthetic limb that feels just like a real limb, and a method of controlling humanoid robots by the illusion of 'becoming the robot'.
How do we recognize that our limbs are part of our own body, and why do we feel that one's self is located inside the body? These fundamental questions have been discussed in theology, philosophy and psychology for millennia. The aim of my ground-breaking research programme is to identify the neuronal mechanisms that produce the sense of ownership of the body, and the processes responsible for the feeling that the self is located inside the physical body. To solve these questions I will adopt an inter-disciplinary approach using state-of-the-art methods from the fields of imaging neuroscience, experimental psychology, computer science and robotics. My first hypothesis is that the mechanism for body ownership is the integration of information from different sensory modalities (vision, touch and muscle sense) in multi-sensory brain areas (ventral premotor and intraparietal cortex). My second hypothesis is that the sense of where you are located in the environment is mediated by allocentric spatial representations in medial temporal lobes. To test this, I will use perceptual illusions and virtual-reality techniques that allow me to manipulate body ownership and the perceived location of the self, in conjunction with non-invasive recordings of brain activity in healthy humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography will be used to identify the neuronal correlates of ownership and 'in-body experiences', while transcranial magnetic stimulation will be used to examine the causal relationship between neural activity and ownership. It is no overstatement to say that my pioneering work could define a new sub-field in cognitive neuroscience dealing with how the brain represents the self. These basic scientific discoveries will be used in new frontier applications. For example, the development of a prosthetic limb that feels just like a real limb, and a method of controlling humanoid robots by the illusion of 'becoming the robot'.
Project acronym Born-Immune
Project Shaping of the Human Immune System by Primal Environmental Exposures In the Newborn Child
Researcher (PI) Klas Erik Petter Brodin
Summary Immune systems are highly variable, but the sources of this variation are poorly understood. Genetic variation only explains a minor fraction of this, and we are unable to accurately predict the risk of immune mediated disease or severe infection in any given individual. I recently found that immune cells and proteins in healthy twins vary because of non-heritable influences (infections, vaccines, microbiota etc.), with only minor influences from heritable factors (Brodin, et al, Cell 2015). When and how such environmental influences shape our immune system is now important to understand. Birth represents the most transformational change in environment during the life of any individual. I propose, that environmental influences at birth, and during the first months of life could be particularly influential by imprinting on the regulatory mechanisms forming in the developing immune system. Adaptive changes in immune cell frequencies and functional states induced by early-life exposures could determine both the immune competence of the newborn, but potentially also its long-term trajectory towards immunological health or disease. Here, I propose a study of 1000 newborn children, followed longitudinally during their first 1000 days of life. By monitoring immune profiles and recording many environmental influences, we hope to understand how early life exposures can influence human immune system development. We have established a new assay based on Mass Cytometry and necessary data analysis tools (Brodin, et al, PNAS 2014), to simultaneously monitor the frequencies, phenotypes and functional states of more than 200 blood immune cell populations from only 100 microliters of blood. By monitoring environmental influences at regular follow-up visits, by questionnaires, serum measurements of infection, and gut microbiome sequencing, we aim to provide the most comprehensive analysis to date of immune system development in newborn children.
Immune systems are highly variable, but the sources of this variation are poorly understood. Genetic variation only explains a minor fraction of this, and we are unable to accurately predict the risk of immune mediated disease or severe infection in any given individual. I recently found that immune cells and proteins in healthy twins vary because of non-heritable influences (infections, vaccines, microbiota etc.), with only minor influences from heritable factors (Brodin, et al, Cell 2015). When and how such environmental influences shape our immune system is now important to understand. Birth represents the most transformational change in environment during the life of any individual. I propose, that environmental influences at birth, and during the first months of life could be particularly influential by imprinting on the regulatory mechanisms forming in the developing immune system. Adaptive changes in immune cell frequencies and functional states induced by early-life exposures could determine both the immune competence of the newborn, but potentially also its long-term trajectory towards immunological health or disease. Here, I propose a study of 1000 newborn children, followed longitudinally during their first 1000 days of life. By monitoring immune profiles and recording many environmental influences, we hope to understand how early life exposures can influence human immune system development. We have established a new assay based on Mass Cytometry and necessary data analysis tools (Brodin, et al, PNAS 2014), to simultaneously monitor the frequencies, phenotypes and functional states of more than 200 blood immune cell populations from only 100 microliters of blood. By monitoring environmental influences at regular follow-up visits, by questionnaires, serum measurements of infection, and gut microbiome sequencing, we aim to provide the most comprehensive analysis to date of immune system development in newborn children.


An inspirational and dainty necklace for the yoga enthusiast. Two-sided and reversible: yoga on one side and signature heart on the other. Designed for a studio to street lifestyle, wear this necklace every day.


text:
Q: Load a 'server-side' file with XMLHttpRequest in local html file I want to load a json-stringified file in my javascript. The javascript reside in a html-file which I load from my local file system.
I have tried with the following code:
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', fileName, true);
xhr.responseType = 'blob';

xhr.onload = function(e) {
  if (this.status == 200) {
    // get binary data as a response
    var blob = this.response;
    alert("Yo");
  }
};

But the onload event fires only once, with the status=0, then no more happens.
I have tried to use both a full path to the file as well as a local file path like "/files/the_file.txt".
It looks like the problem is related with me trying to run the html file locally. I don't want to set-up a local server as I have seen proposed in similar posts here at so.
Anyone out there with a solution to this problem?
EDIT:
This is not what I want, but this might serve to give an example of how I almost want it. This example let the user select a file, and my script can now access the content of the selected file.
HTML:
<input type="file" id="FancyInputField" onchange="doIt();">

Javascript:
function doIt(){
    var selectedFile = document.getElementById('FancyInputField').files[0];

    reader = new FileReader();

    reader.onload = function (e) {
        var output = reader.result;
        var daObject = JSON.parse(output);
    }

    reader.readAsText(selectedFile);
}

This also works with a local html file. (No local server)
My question stands; How do I read the file(s) with no user interaction? The files reside in a sub-folder to where the html file are located. I can with no problem load and show an image from the same sub-folder, with an <img> tag. ..So why is it so difficult to load a text file?

A:
How do I read the file(s) with no user interaction?

You can't. Those files belong to the user, not your website. You can't choose to read them.

I can with no problem load and show an image from the same sub-folder, with an <img> tag

There is a lot of difference between displaying an image to the user, and making the content of a file available to JavaScript code written by the page author.

So why is it so difficult to load a text file?

*

*Send someone an HTML document in an email

*Enjoy the JavaScript in it scooping up files from the hard disk and sending them to Joe Evil Hacker's server

It's just basic security.

A: Use URL.createObjectURL(file), instead of ajax.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nothing can be more annoying than a sound of alarm clock early in the morning, when you can hardly open your eyes. LARK is a sleep system that works with your iPad or iPhone to help you sleep and wake up better.
The system uses silent alarm technology waking you up gently and naturally using soothing vibrations. The LARK wristband tracks your sleeping patterns and works in sync with your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch. It sends your sleep data to LARK app and when you wake up, you can find out how well you slept, when you fell asleep or how many times you woke up during the night.
The innovative alarm clock system was designed by leading sleep specialists and can tell you everything about your sleep. It keeps track of the amount of sleep you had and its quality, saves this data and gives recommendations. The LARK's Personal sleep coach will develop a plan that will be more suitable for your sleep type. All this is meant to make your sleep healthier and your morning wake-ups peaceful.


Radio frequency skin tightening & body contouring treatment uses the world known state of the art AW3® Bi Polar technology which tightens and induces collagen production for skin tightening, wrinkle reduction, acne scarring and to minimise pores. Radio frequency produces two currents which alternate high and low frequency currents no less than a thousand times per second. This heats the deeper skin tissues to promotes blood circulation to tighten the skin. At the same time, cooling measures are taken on the skin surface by applying cooling ultrasound gel. Most of RF energy enters into the deeper dermal layer, so that deeper layers of skin can be heated up to 45 ℃ -60 ℃. The dermal layer of the skin becomes thickened, with the new collagen production wrinkles are pushed out, so the skin becomes firmer and the contours lifted. The radio frequency treatment generally tightens, smooths and re-contours your skin from the inside out, which also rejuvenates your skin's firmness and texture.


1) Specifically, what are the relevant Thai laws, regulations, directions, administrative orders, court decisions, and/or expert legal interpretations which empower MICT or any other Thai government agencies block or to "request" the blocking of websites in Thailand?
2) If MICT cites reasons of "national security" for web-blocking, please provide the common names, URLs and IP addresses for each website so deemed as well as the specific legal reasons for this designation and complete dates of blocking.
3) What criteria does MICT use in determining the reasons for blocking each website?
4) Who exactly determines such criteria? Please provide full contact details.
5) Please provide MICT's precise and practical definitions for the legal terms "improper", "obscene", "illegal".
6 ) Who, exactly, at MICT determines which websites should be blocked? Please provide full contact details.
7) Is this decision at MICT to block a website made by individuals or is each decision referred to a committee for further review, consideration and determination? Please provide the names and positions for all those individuals acting on such bodies.
8 ) Which distinct person at MICT has oversight over these individuals and committee and finally approves this list of websites to be blocked? Please provide full contact details.
9 ) And, of course, who is the single individual within MICT who takes final responsibility for Internet censorship? Please provide full contact details.
10) Which procedures does MICT use for locating a website Uniform Record Locator and/or Intrernet Protocol address for blocking?
g) [Browser] "can't open the page-server stopped responding".
12) Please identify the individuals, job titles and full contact details in each Thai Internet Service Provider of which MICT requests web-blocking.
13) Please identify the nature, procedures, individuals, job titles and full contact details of MICT's cooperation with the Royal Thai Police, Communications of Thailand and any other government agency cooperating in the blocking of websites.
14) Please identify the Thai and international police, regulatory and government agencies with MICT cooperates in the blocking of websites, the individuals, positions and full contact details and the form and extent of such cooperation.
15) Please provide us a copy of MICT's complete current blocklist.
17) Please separately identify any website blocking of Internet fora, stating specific reasons for such censorship of public discussions.
19) Please provide a complete copy of any requests made by any Thai government agency, including MICT, of Google or any other search engine to cooperate in web-blocking by any means.
20) Should these means in query 19) above include blocking websites by keyword search, what exactly are those keywords and which specific person at MICT determines those keywords? Please provide full contact details.
Failure or refusal to provide the above information or delay greater than thirty (30) days by MICT, as required by law, shall be considered in clear violation of the Official Information Act 2540.
Thank you in advance for your full and prompt reply to the questions above.
Well done and quite courageous of you. But you are not honestly expecting an answer, right?
I want to know what are the specific laws of thailand.


FAST: Enabling Fast Software/Hardware Prototype for Network Experimentation[C], 2019, IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS 2019), Phoenix USA, Xiangrui Yang, Zhigang Sun, Junnan Li, Jinli Yan, Tao Li, Wei Quan, Donglai Xu (Xperis Network), Gianni Antichi (QMUL).
DrawerPipe: DrawerPipe: A Reconfigurable Packet Processing Pipeline for FPGA[J], 2018, Journal of Computer Research and Development, Junnan Li, Xiangrui Yang, Zhigang Sun.
EffiView: Trigger-Based Monitoring Approach with Low Cost in SDN[C], 2017, IEEE 19th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications, Bangkok Thailand, Binfeng Wang, Jinshu Su, Junnan Li, Biaohan.
P5: Programmable Parsers with Packet-level Parallel Processing for FPGA-based Switches[C], 2017 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS), Beijing China, Junnan Li, Zhigang Sun, Biao Han.
Exploiting Packet-level Parallelism of Packet Parsing for FPGA-based Switches[J], 2019, IEICE Transactions on Communications, Junnan Li, Biao Han, Zhigang Sun.
Demonstration of Path-Based Packet Batcher for Accelerating Vectorized Packet Processing[C], 2018 15th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON 2018), Hong Kong China, Jinli Yan, Tao Li, Sheng Wang, Gaofeng Lv, Zhigang Sun.
Self-described buffer: A novel mechanism to improve packet I/O efficiency in Linux[C], 2016, IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS 2016), Jinli Yan, Tang Lu, Zhigang Sun, Tao Li, Donglai Xu.


text:
Doomsday faith groups
Part 2 of 3 parts
Year 2000 to 2013: The House of Yahweh®
faith group located in Abilene, TX:
2003 to 2008: Legal difficulties:
In 2003, a child was subjected to surgery on her infected leg. The operation was performed by her mother and another member of the House of Yahweh within the compound. The child died. Both women were subsequently charged and convicted of injuring a child. 1
In 2006, a pregnant member was prevented from going to a hospital as she was about to give birth. She bled to death. Her husband subsequently filed a wrongful-death lawsuit. 1
Both of these deaths may have been caused by a fear of contagion from the outside world which prevented members of the House of Yahweh from obtaining medical services from outside of the group.
During 2008-FEB, Yisrayl Hawkins was arrested and charged with:
"... performing polygamous weddings and forcing about 40 children -- some as young as 11 [years of age] -- to work jobs at his 44-acre compound.
His bail was initially set at 10 million dollars but was later reduced to $100,000. 1
Shane Deel. the District Attorney of Callahan County, TX commented:
"If a bunch of adults want to get together and follow some con man and throw their lives away, that's their right in this country. But to me, when you do that to children and they don't have a chance, that's where the biggest concern is." 1
Founder and leader Yisrayl Hawkins pleaded guilty to child labor violations, He was sentenced to probation and six months of community service. The bigamy charges were dropped. 2
2006: Another end of the world prediction:
The House of Yahweh issued a news release in 2006-AUG stating that nuclear war would begin on 2006-SEP-12. They predicted that the war would start in the vicinity of the Euphrates River. Leader Yisrayl Hawkins said that the countdown to the nuclear war began with the signing of the Oslo Accords on 1993-SEP-13. He interpreted the Book of Daniel as stating that this is a seven year agreement but would take 14 years to be fully carried out. He interpreted Revelation as implying that nuclear war will begin a year, a month and a day prior to the end of the Oslo agreement. Hawkins posted a video clip on YouTube.com that explained his predictions. 3 As for thousands of predictions by various people and groups in the past about the end of the world, this prophecy also failed.
2009: Excerpts from TV programs about the House of Yahweh:
Participants in this 6 minute excerpt from an episode of the Dr. Phil TV program discuss whether the House of Yahweh can be legitimately classified as a "mind control cult." It was uploaded on 2009-JUN-08 to You Tube, along with other excerpts from the same program:
2013: This is a 14 minute video about the House of Yahweh:
It was uploaded on 2013-APR-29 by Armenda Buck, apparently from a program on the Arts and Education (A&E) cable channel dealing with mind control:
It is impossible for us to verify the accusations made by individuals in these videos.
Numerous other videos from this network can be found by doing a search on Google.com for A&E "House of Yahweh"
2013: Their prophecies continue:
The 2013-JUL issue of the House of Yahweh magazine, The Prophetic Word, stated that:
"... rebellion is bringing the world to death and destruction. There is no love left among the nations or peoples. There exist only competition, frustration, hatred, fighting, divorce, and war. These evils all come from the religions that lead the people. ..."
Iniquity is doing away with or changing Yahweh's Laws that guide one away from sickness, defilement, disease, confusion, fighting and war. The words that describe it fully are sorceries and witchcraft.
Even worse, witchcraft and sorcery ... claim the Savior and Apostles did away with Yahweh's Laws, when it is they. They are still doing away with Yahweh's Laws today." 6
Unfortunately, the term "witchcraft" has multiple meanings. It is not known whether the magazine is referring to witchcraft:
as mentioned in the Hebrew Scriptures, which involved females issuing verbal curses to harm or kill people, or
as mentioned in the Christian Scriptures, which involved persons who used poisons to kill people,
as the Catholic Church taught centuries ago, which involved mostly women who worshipped Satan and committed evil magick, or
as is used by the modern-day Neopagan religion of Wicca to refer to their members who are prevented by the Wiccan Rede to do no harm, who worship a Celtic Goddess and God, and who do not recognize the existence of Satan. or
as a general-purpose snarl word.
This topic continues in the next essay
"House Of Yahweh: A Darker Sect Than FLDS," CBS News, 2008-MAY-13, at: http://www.cbsnews.com/
Travis Gettys, "Woman fights to keep children away from husband and his restrictive House of Yahweh religious sect," Raw Story, 2015-SEP-17, at: http://www.rawstory.com/
"Nuclear War begins September 12, 2006," You Tube, 2006-AUG-28. No longer available, for obvious reasons.
Saran Qabal Ahmath, "Dr. Phil House of Yahweh Cult 3," You Tube, 2009-JUN-08, at: https://youtu.be/
"Mind Control A&E #2," You Tube, Uploaded 2013-APR-29, at: https://www.youtube.com/ The You Tube page for this video has links to many other critical videos on the House of Yahweh.
"Witchcraft & Sorceries: More than you could ever imagine," The Prophetic Word, 2013-JUL, at: http://yahweh.com/
Additional information is available at:
Richard Horn & Loretta Fulton, "House of Yahweh may be Breaking Foodstamp Law", Article: Abilene Reporter-News, 1996-APR-14. See: http://texnews.com/
Jody Beard, "House of Yahweh Member Responds", Article: Abilene Reporter-News, 1996-APR-18. An elder of the Church states that alleged irregularities in the Abilene group do not exist. See" http://texnews.com/
Site navigation: Home page > Cult menu > Doomsday, destructive cults > here
Copyright 2016 by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
Originally posted: 2016-FEB-03
Latest update: 2016-FEB-04
Go to the previous page, or return to the Doomsday, Destructive cults menu, or choose:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Barnstorm VFX has been putting their invisible effects mark on popular TV shows since 2011.The LA-based boutique studio, recently nominated for an Emmy, delivered 4494 VFX shots and rendered 19,755 shot versions in 2017 alone. At any given time, the team juggles between six and nine shows. Their current line-up includes Amazon's The Man in the High Castle (Emmy-nom), HBO's Silicon Valley and Room 104, Starz's Outlander, CBS's Strange Angel, and Epix's Get Shorty.
A majority of Barnstorm's beauty work inside After Effects covers continuity fixes needed due to time-constraints on set or other uncontrollable elements like a sick actor or an allergic reaction to make-up. "Mocha planar tracks and roto masks are particularly good for dealing with the challenges of beauty work," comments Deming.
In addition to tasks like everyday tasks that also include fixing blemishes and tracking in blurs and color corrections, the team uses Mocha to drive more complex beauty work like making actors appear decades younger.
Deming's Pro Tip: There are a lot of tricks that can be done by attaching Mocha corner pins to the "Power Pin" effect in After Effects, which allows stuff to be "un-pinned." For example, you can flatten out a sign with a reverse power-pin and then add or change the text on it seamlessly before re-pinning it back into its original position.


In-Home Caregiver/Nanny needed for 2 young children.$14.00-$17.00 per hour for a 40hr work week. salary depends on experience. Overtime occasionally may be required from 45-48 hrs and would be paid at 1.5 x per hour. Two days off per week on Saturday and Sunday. One year of relevant professional childcare experience required. Minimum of Equivalent Canadian High School diploma required. Job hours Monday, Wednesday,Thursday 7:30 am- 5:30 pm. Tuesday 7:30am-2:00pm Friday 8:00am to noon. Must be flexible. Job located in Toronto (Bathurst & Eglinton). English language spoken and written, required. Work to take place in employers home.
Supervise & care for children in employer's residence; bathe, dress, plan & cook meals & feed children. Change diapers & bottle preparation for baby; light housekeeping for children; oversee children's activities, such as meals & rest periods, as instructed, maintain a safe & healthy environment in the home; instruct children in personal hygiene; tend to the emotional well-being of children & support their social development; discipline children according to the methods requested; organize & participate in activities such as games, crafts, reading & outings. Homework supervision.


Back to fall sessions. This was one of my favorites! Jamie had been wanting photos and I told her I could do them the next day or the next week, she chose the next day and pulled together the perfect outfit combinations overnight.
Blake works with my husband, and then we moved into the same neighborhood with them. I wasn't totally sure if Jamie and I would mesh well as great friends, but we hit it off and our boys are best friends which made it even easier. Jamie is just one of those people who is so real and you can just be yourself around. Her little girl was blessed with an incredible amount of hair that, you can imagine, gets her all the attention.
So glad to know these people. Enjoy the beautiful photos that they made so easy to capture!!
Go can see more at staceymarble.com!
I mean, just look at the cute little face though!
And his little hand on his dad's face was my favorite.


On Your Marks For the 2018 Covered Bridges Half Marathon!
The 27th annual Covered Bridges Half Marathon, Vermont's premier half marathon, is just around the corner: June 3rd, 2018.
Vermont's popular, annual Covered Bridges Half Marathon, "the best 13.1 miles in New England," is held every year on the first Sunday in June. The race course starts at the Suicide Six Ski Area and follows a point-to-point course eastward through open farmland, along the Ottauquechee River. The finish line is at the Quechee Polo Field. The Covered Bridges Half Marathon is a USATF-certified course.
The race's course takes runners through three of the area's 7 covered bridges: Middle Covered Bridge, Taftsville Covered Bridge, and Quechee Covered Bridge.
Posted in Events and Attractions | Comments Off on On Your Marks For the 2018 Covered Bridges Half Marathon!


If you have a personal experience with our genetics, do let us know if you like to share your story.
We are so grateful for the feedback, as this helps us spread knowledge to others as well.
Here you can read some testimonials from other users.


Alright, I thought I'd do a little something on my attempt to ebonize using the steel wool and vinegar method.
The reason I wanted to try this over the Fiebing's dye (that Stew-Mac sells) is that it seemed like a more interesting method that wouldn't be as aggressive to binding and details.
I scoured the Internet, googling and reading all I could find on the subject (and there is a lot out there). However, most sites list roughly the same "recipe", with a few variations thrown in there, like adding rusted nails etc.
I'll link to a few sites and videos that I found useful, and you can read for yourselves and make your own opinion on whether you think this is something worth trying.
My knowledge when it comes to chemistry is absolutely nonexistent, but I have understood that this procedure works by the "iron acetate" (which is what you get when the steel wool and vinegar reacts) reacting with the tannic acid that naturally occurs in wood. Different woods contain different amounts of tannic acid, thus reacting differently.
Not very well. I was really bummed, because I put a lot of effort and time into this, really hoping that it would work.
I tried my solution on a couple of pieces of oak, which it worked great on. It was awesome to see!
I tried my best to clean and dry out the fretboard beforehand. I cleaned it thouroghly with naphtha, and used a steaming hot wet towel. The fretboard just wouldn't accept the solution. It would seep under the frets, leaving the rest of the wood covered by the solution.
Perhaps I didn't go about this the right way, but I tried to find out exactly how to do it before I started.
A thing worth noting here is that you really gotta use the right steel wool for this. I had a large pack of "Trollull" 0000 steel wool, which cannot be used for this. I THINK (not sure) the reason why it didn't work is that it's produced in some "water based emulsion" which makes it extremely resistant to corrosion. And I let it sit in the vinegar for over a week.
After searching through every possible store in my town that could possibly carry steel wool, I found a pack of "Liberon" 0000 wool, which I immediately bought and tried, and it worked great. I let it sit for about a week as well (the longer the better)!
A couple of the videos talked about raising the grain of the wood. Wetting it to open it up, then sanding again. Wondering if you tried that? Also, is Rosewood high enough in Tannins for the darkening reaction to take place? Did you try adding the tea? Just some thoughts for you. Looks like a cool idea.
I am wondering if the oils that are already in the wood prevent the wood from soaking up the ebonizing solution? I mean we all put oils in the woods from our hands, and most people use fretboard oil of some sort. I just wonder if that prevents the woods from soaking it in? anyone? bueller?
That's why I doused it with mineral spirits first, but still not much luck. I'd say you are right though..
Perhaps I'm confused at the whole idea of this?
You can not turn rosewood into ebony, the woods feel different and have different densities... I didn't take the time to watch the videos though.
The idea is to darken it, same as using the leather dye Stew Mac sells. It doesn't change the wood, just the appearance.
I darkened a rosewood board to a near-ebony appearance using a minwax "ebony" stain marker. At a distance of just a few feet, it's hard to tell it's not the real deal, even alongside my ebony-boarded axes.
Jackson import rosewood fretboards like this and my DK2 seem to have a "finish" on top, like a urathane. If so, that would explaing the solution not soaking in. No issues with my Gibson or Fender rosewood fretboards.
I forgot to write this in the original post. Yes, I wet it to try and open it up, but I didn't sand the fretboard (didn't really know how to do that in a good way without harming inlays, and also I thought it would be hard to do since the frets were still on). I also added the tea, and the fretboard looked really dry after I'd gone over it a couple of times with naphtha. I applied both tea and the solution several times, since I didn't get much of a reaction with the first application.
I tried to find out if rosewood is high in tannins, but no luck. I couldn't find anything on that through google at least.
I was trying to buy that flat black custom charvel on ebay with the rosewood fretboard and I was pretty heavily invested in looking for the best way to do this.
I ruled out Fiebing's Leather Dye. Too many reports of it coming back off unless you seal it, and I didn't want to do that. And it's very, very messy. Very messy. And goes all over the place, under tape, in between cracks in the binding, and can sometimes not take and sometimes rub off and depositing itself everywhere else to permanently stain.
Sand fretboard with 400-600 grit paper.
Wipe down with naptha if you have binding. Other solvents, acetone or lacquer thinner would work fine for unbound necks but might not be good if you have synthetic fret markers or inlays. I know from work experience both melt extruded plastics and naptha doesn't. MEK is just unnecessary overkill. Enjoy pancreatic cancer in a decade or something like that. I would personally use acetone on straight wood to get out oils over lacquer thinner which leaves a residue.
Then use either the MinWax Black Pen or india ink, in very controlled applications, no taping required, just a steady hand.
One or more coats until you're happy, then 0000 steel wool to knock the coarse grain back down.
I researched this for about 2 1/2 hours last night and have deemed this to be the most effective combination, least messy and having the best result.
I think pre-cleaning and sanding of the neck is probably the most important part if though.
And I've never tried this, but I am confident in the procedure.
I used the Fiebing's leather dye on the rosewood board on my Epiphone Les Paul and it came out fantastic.
The board was SUPER dry and was a pretty light-colored rosewood, and had very little grain pores when I started.
I cleaned the board with naptha, then applied the dye with a foam paint brush.
I left it sitting for 10 minutes, then cleaned off the excess.
The stuff stained the binding and the inlays as expected, but a light rub with 0000 steel wool cleaned it right off.
I then lightly coated with Formby's low gloss tung oil finish.
Let that dry completely, then gave it a light once-over with the 0000 steel wool and it was done.
The only issue I can say I have is those micro cracks that sometimes occur in the binding where the fret slots are cut darken and show a lot more with the dye.
Honestly, even next to my real ebony boards, you cannot tell this is rosewood. I'm very happy with the results.
Thanks for the tip xeno! What is MEK?
When I started this thread, I had actually already given up on the steel wool & vinegar, and ordered a bottle of Fiebing's Leather Dye.
I've just applied it to my new KV4. I figured it would be a good candidate, since it lacks binding. So far, I'm really liking it! I've given it a couple of coats, letting it sit for some time (the fretboard was really thirsty), wiped it down with a cloth, and went over the inlays with a cotton bud soaked in naphtha.
I'm gonna let the fretboard sit for the rest of the day, then give it some mineral oil, and wipe down the back of the neck with naphtha to get rid of any excess run. I didn't tape off the back of the neck since I can't imagine the dye doing any harm to a black, clear coated surface..?
Just to clarify, I don't have anything at all against a nice rosewood board! Actually it's the other way around!
However, when it comes an all black guitar, that will be used for playing Death Metal, I really prefer the look of an ebony fretboard. It just blends in more nicely with the overall look IMO!
I would never do this to my sunburst Fusion for example though... because it looks really nice with a chocolate brown rosewood board!
MEK is Methyl Ethyl Ketone, it's an industrial grade solvent used to weld plastic, clean plastic and other gunk off surfaces and it's been shown to cause birth defects and cancer I believe.
Yeah, well the leather dye results, often would look amazing, but there are quite a few reports of it not taking on some boards and rubbing off and sticking everywhere else unless you seal it. I've never tried it, but the amount of people that seem to report having issues with it was large enough for me to stay away.
And yeah, from what I understand, it's pointless to use tape with it, just use a q-tip. And if the back of the neck is painted black, yeah, you don't have to worry. It should come out fine.
However, when it comes an all black guitar, that will be used for playing Death Metal, I really prefer the look of an ebony fretboard. It just blends in more nicely with the overall look IMO!oard!
I tried the leather dye on a rosewood board a few years ago. Looked great but would rub off on my fingers, so it was pretty much useless.
Bringing this back from the dead, interested if you still have the pictures as the links are broken.
I would like to darken my rosewood and havent seen anyone else try it on a rosewood board.
I'll have a look and see if I still have the photos! I hope you have better luck with it than I did, it really didn't work at all. It worked great on a test piece of oak though!
I expected it would work on oak.
I've worked in forestry/lumber for almost 30 years and I've often seen oak turn black when metal (shovels etc.) is left touching it for a period of time.
Did the inlays or binding react in any way? It doesn't look like it from the pictures.
Just for information, documenting an unsuccessful experiment, many years after I originally tried the steel wool & vinegar method.
Before I tackled it, I researched extensively on the internet for the best procedure that was non-messy and permanent, including the ever-trustworthy JCF. The JCF has a very poor track record of successful ebonizing (dare I say, NO track record at all). I really wonder why no JCFer has been able to properly document and photograph ANY successful attempts and have it be repeatable.
Here's my minwax ebony stain results.
I was surprised to hear the minwax didn't work as well for others as it did for me.
How's it holding up Mudlark?
Excellent. I've had zero problems in the year since I did them.
I actually just put the fourth coat on the guitar a couple months ago.
I'll probably put a couple more coats on the bass in the future.
NotP: I did a pretty succesful (to my eyes) ebonizing of a KV4 using leather dye, but apparently those photos are dead as well. It worked great though, but on the other hand the Fiebing dye colors both inlays and binding. Can't speak for the longevity of the dye as I don't have the guitar anymore.


text:
Understand Scientists
Biology Terms With Poly
Sigma-Aldrich Online Catalog Product List: Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Copolymers
Apr 27, 2011. The recognition of a poly(A) site is coordinated by the sequence elements in the mRNA 3′ UTR and associated protein factors. In mammalian.
E. coli Poly (A) Polymerase (M0276) Vortex tube gently before use. Poly(A) Polymerase can be inactivated by adding EDTA at a final concentration of 10 mM to the reaction.
The presence of intronic G-runs was therefore also associated with longer-term evolutionary change in 5′ ss strength. We used two rounds of selection with Poly-T capture beads to isolate mRNA from.
Biological Sciences (BS) Accelerated Program Concurrent Program. The life sciences delve into the basic organization and processes of life (microbes, plants.
Polynomial definition, consisting of or characterized by two or more names or terms. See more.
Sep 13, 2009 · (a) Change in Ψ (mean ± s.e.m.; control – hnRNP H knockdown) of exons grouped by number of guanines in downstream intronic G-runs (for example, the bin labeled 6.
Biology Dictionary – P to QUOTIDIAN: Meanings of biology terminology and abbreviations. A unit of pressure, stress, and tensile strength in terms of force per unit area; equal to one newton per square meter. Biology Dictionary ( POLY-).
BA: It's such a great term because not even we as experts can define it. There are a lot of low-throughput, high -content.
PARP stands for poly ADP ribose polymerase. can be done by any cellular or molecular biology lab," says senior author of the study, Anthony K. L. Leung, Ph.D., an associate professor at the.
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) form during early embryogenesis with a supply of maternal mRNAs that contain shorter poly(A) tails. How translation of maternal mRNAs is regulated during PGC development.
Proteomic and genetic studies have identified protein components of several membraneless organelles 23, 34, 35, 36.These studies suggest that multivalency of adhesive domains and/or linear motifs is a defining feature of proteins (and perhaps RNA molecules) that drive phase transitions.
Electrospinning: An Enabling Technique for Nanostructured Materials. Fibrous nanomaterials are attractive for a range of applications due to their intrinsically high porosities and large surface areas.
Words starting with poly. Win word games with this word list. Find it here!
1 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 2 David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Chemistry Concepts And Problems A Self Teaching Guide Pdf Online books on:Free Chemistry Books Download Free Chemistry Ebooks Online Chemistry tutorialsChemistry tutorials downloadable e-books downloads zip chm rar The 'capable' in NASA's definition is key because it means astrobiologists don't need to watch and wait for extraterrestrial life to evolve, just study its chemistry. and biologist W Ford Doolittle. OA mandate: All projects funded
PARPs act in a complex response network that is driven by the cellular, molecular and chemical biology of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). This PAR-dependent response network is crucial for a broad array of.
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Sep 13, 2009 · (a) G-runs as an evolutionary buffer to 5′ ss mutations. Exon inclusion data from reporters s2 and i3 in Figure 1c.Dashed white line represents percent inclusion that would result if the G-run.
Students from Long Beach and Torrance were among seven freshmen to receive a $5,000 annual scholarship from a partnership between Cal Poly San Luis Obispo and Dignity. fields – majoring in subjects.
Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes in Biology. Unit 1: Study of Biology. Root/Prefix/ Suffix. poly- many: polygenic script- write: transcription trans- across: translation.
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Paul Andersen explains how ecosystems change over time. He starts by explaining how global climate change will impacts ecosystems around the planet.
May 10, 2019 · A nucleic acid is a chain of nucleotides which stores genetic information in biological systems. It creates DNA and RNA, which store the information needed by cells to create proteins. This information is stored in multiple sets of three nucleotides, known as codons.
Although the majority of applications in chemical biology using CARS microscopy involve lipid imaging. aromatic groups within the drug and that are absent in the surrounding poly(ethylene.
Oct 3, 2005. free and open Biology dictionary with over 60000 biology terms. It uses. poly. 1. (Science: prefix) A combining form or prefix denoting many,
This glossary of botanical terms is a list of terms relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms. Compare gynomonoecious, polygamodioecious, polygamomonoecious, and polygamous.. Compare cryptogams. phenology: the study of the timing of seasonal biological phenomena, such as flowering, leaf emergence,
Jan 6, 2019. A combination of the Greek words poly (meaning multiple) and morph. the term polymorphism is a very specific term in genetics and biology,
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Poly(A) could be a primer for a paired end adapter for NGS, however I would need to see the context of where you saw the terms to be sure.
In this case, the two combining forms mono- and poly- at the start of a word have almost opposite meanings. So almost all words that start with mono- basically.
Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid.In a single strand of DNA or RNA, the chemical convention of naming carbon atoms in the nucleotide sugar-ring means that there will be a 5′-end, which frequently contains a phosphate group attached to the 5′ carbon of the ribose ring, and a 3′-end (usually.
1 Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. neuron-specific form. Chemically induced long-term potentiation prompts transient mRNA unmasking, which depends.
1.2.1 Derived terms. polyvalent (feminine singular polyvalente, masculine plural polyvalents, feminine. polyvalent m (plural polyvalents, feminine polyvalente).
Poly- definition, a combining form with the meanings "much, many" and, in chemistry, "polymeric," used in the formation of compound words: polyandrous;.
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Nitric Oxide Molecular Orbital Diagram Enormous Definition In Science In practice this true in science whether scientists like admitting it or not. I have a prior bias here, based on the enormous amount of existing evidence. Einstein might have been confused about. Jun 24, 2013 · Epigenetics literally means "above" or "on top of" genetics. It refers to external modifications to
. of the two parents. Using a simplified example of a polygenetic trait controlled by only three genes, this becomes easier to visualize. Related Biology Terms.
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Here, students participate in a scuba diving class. Courtesy of Tenney Rizzo For years, Cal Poly has offered courses in marine biology. But this fall, the university for the first time will offer a.
Molecular biology techniques are common methods used in molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics and biophysics which generally involve manipulation and analysis of DNA, RNA, protein, and lipid. Subcategories. This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.
Biology Prefixes, a subsection of Suffix Prefix Dictionary, defines more biomedical prefixes than any other online source. With examples.
Chemistry Problem Set Answers Unit 2 Chapter 8 Unit Conversions 287 ou may agree with Roger Bacon that mathematics is the easiest of sciences, but many beginning chemistry students would not. Because they have found Enormous Definition In Science In practice this true in science whether scientists like admitting it or not. I have a prior bias here, based on the
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text: Q: 1st law of thermodynamics If gravity fields create pressure at their center which creates thermal energy, then isn't a gravity field creating energy that otherwise wouldn't be there (breaking the first law of thermodynamics).


"Accesorios Vipa, S.L." Is actually a totally family company, it´s foundation in 1982, when it´s director Juan Villalba Muñoz, created the company with the name "VI-PA" and after that in 1985 with the name "Juan Villalba Muñoz Accesorios VI-PA".
A commercial idea for industrial deliveries, was transformed through the years into what it is today, one of the most pretigious industries specialized in accesories and machineries for automation.
Our large experience in this area, the permanent visits at the most important expositions in Spain and Europe, the permanent contact and attention to our clients helped us to achieve, due to our tenacity and seriousness, to be considered one of the first companies in this area in Malaga and surroundings.
Since the year 2000, reforced by the youth and strength of the sons of it´s founder, "Accesorios VI-PA, S.L." Offers their clients and collaborators the best guarantee of continuaty and sefvices at their disposal.
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text:
Will state Capitol star Buckley move to…
Will state Capitol star Buckley move to Washington?
Buckley the golden retriever has roamed the state treasurer's office since Mike Coffman held the post. He has visited the staff every day even as Coffman has changed jobs.
By John Ingold | jingold@denverpost.com |
PUBLISHED: December 25, 2008 at 2:06 p.m. | UPDATED: May 6, 2016 at 10:43 p.m.
Behind the frosted-glass door to office 140 in the Colorado Capitol lies the most compelling job-jumbling drama in state politics today.
No, not who will replace Ken Salazar in the U.S. Senate. That's for the bloggers to get worked up about.
If you work in the Capitol, lobby people in the Capitol or have even taken a school- group tour of the Capitol, the question that makes your heart do the cha-cha is this: Is Buckley going to Washington?
"He's beloved," said state Treasurer Cary Kennedy, who shares the office with Buckley. "Treasury wouldn't be the same without him."
Buckley is Secretary of State Mike Coffman's 7-year-old golden retriever. He has spent his days sleeping under desks, mooching treats and charming his many visitors inside the treasurer's office since he was a pup and Coffman was the treasurer.
When Coffman went to Iraq on a tour of duty with the Marine Reserve, Buckley stayed in the treasurer's office. When Coffman won election as secretary of state, he or his wife kept bringing Buckley to the treasurer's office every morning and picking him up every evening.
Over that time, Buckley has become the undisputed boss of an office that manages more than $6 billion in taxpayer funds. Add to that the fact that Coffman's wife, Cynthia Honssinger Coffman, is the No. 2 lawyer in the state attorney general's office, and it starts to look like the Coffmans are the most power-packed family in Colorado — sorry, Salazar brothers!
But now that Mike Coffman is off to Washington to serve in Congress, is Buckley going too?
"I get calls: 'What's going to happen to Buckley?' " said Sharon Macdonald, an assistant in the treasurer's office, who said lobbyists, state staffers and school groups regularly visit the office to see Buckley.
People in the treasurer's office say he is vital to their work.
"He lowers blood pressure," said Leslie Sloss, an accountant who often looks after Buckley during the day. "He's very good for morale."
And they have staged uprisings before to keep Buckley in the office. On one of Coffman's last days as treasurer, he said, staffers gathered outside his office with serious looks on their faces. Great working with you, Mike, they said, but we want Buckley to stay.
"Quite frankly," Coffman joked, "whether I stayed or left was immaterial to them. But they wanted the dog to stay. They really felt like they raised that dog. He was their dog as well as mine."
But complicating things this time is that Buckley possesses qualities desperately needed in Washington. He's likable. Well-behaved. Fond of Republicans and Democrats alike. And an excellent squirrel-chaser.
"The dog is far more popular than I ever have been," Coffman said.
Still, Coffman said, Buckley won't be riding shotgun on the journey to Washington. Coffman's efficiency apartment there will be too cramped, his back-and-forth travel schedule too hectic.
To the relief of every treasury employee who spends the day steering state money through a minefield of a market — and to every frazzled lobbyist who ever wandered into the treasurer's office just looking for a friendly face — Buckley is staying put.
"I think he's a valuable asset in the Department of the Treasury," Coffman said, only half joking. "I think he needs to continue there for a few more years."
John Ingold: 303-954-1068 or jingold@denverpost.com
John Ingold | General assignment


Finding an ethereal nightcap on the Upper East Side's nearly as challenging as stumbling upon a third-wave espresso on the crawl home from Dorrian's, but Bemelmans Bar boasts a timeless drinks list that still stirs nearly 15 years after legendary bartender Audrey Saunders stirred her last manhattan here. Cocktails are pricey — you'll spy a number of pearl-clasped gullets in the crowd, after all — but they're as well-crafted as the bar's namesake's golden-hued murals, which still line the walls. Slip into a table that's knee-knockingly close to your neighbor, and soak in the songbook jazz, presented live nightly. Get the full effect by ordering something classic, like an old-fashioned or a martini.


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text:
Vranjača je naseljeno mjesto u općini Foči, Republika Srpska, BiH. Nalazi se uz granicu s Crnom Gorom, sjeverozapadno od izvora Kržavske rijeke. Luk oko sela čini Somunski potok koji se ulijeva u Slatinu. Sjeverno su Lađevci.

Godine 1962. godine pripojena je Slatini (Sl.list NRBiH, br.47/62).

Stanovništvo

Izvori

Naselja u Republici Srpskoj

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Blueprint Digital CO2 Controller precisely controls a 120V CO2-generating device. The Controller allows CO2 set-points from 350-2000 ppm with an accuracy of ± 50 ppm. A remote sensor on a 15' cable accurately monitors CO2 levels, and Fuzzy Logic mode allows even more precise control of CO2 levels when using compressed CO2. Photocell control with adjustable sensitivity allows the Controller to operate during the day, at night or continuously. The Controller is ETL listed and includes a three-year warranty.


The Addlestone Library's MLA (Modern Language Association) International Bibliography database now includes 40 more years of retrospective content. The online database now covers the years from 1926 to present. You can access the MLA International Bibliography by title from the library's databases link http://www.cofc.edu/~library/databases.html or via the subject guides link http://www.cofc.edu/%7Elibrary/subj/index.html under the heading English and Literature.
If you have any questions about the database, please contact Tom Gilson, Head, Reference Services, gilsont@cofc.edu.


With the new X470 motherboard refresh to complement the release of the Ryzen 2000-series of processors, motherboard vendors have had the opportunity to improve upon their previous X370 models. ASRock has released a new flagship AM4 socketed board without all of the gaming marketing and hype, with the focus this time around being realigned towards the enthusiast. The X470 Taichi Ultimate sits at the top of ASRock's AM4 motherboard stack as it aims to improve upon their existing X370 Taichi with features such as 10-gigabit networking.
The Taichi Ultimate is the flagship AM4 ATX motherboard from ASRock which has a clear focus on performance. A few indications of this include the addition of an Aquantia AQC107 10Gb/s 10GBase-T network port, as well a large and overkill sixteen phase power delivery controlled by the formidable International Rectifier Infineon IR35201 PWM controller. Also featured is a Realtek ALC1220 audio codec with the audio section of the PCB sporting an array of Nichicon Gold audio capacitors behind a plastic covering to enhance the already bold aesthetics.
With a price tag of $300, a lot is expected from ASRock. This price puts the X470 Taichi Ultimate as one the most expensive AM4 motherboards currently released. What ASRock has done with the Taichi Ultimate is give the PCB a unique styling which resembles mechanical cogs; even the chipset heatsink has this styling. Among this is a wave of Polychrome RGB lighting areas which ASRock regard as a big feature in their arsenal with the certification giving compatibility with various other RGB enabled devices on the market such as cooling products and even chassis.
While sitting atop of the ASRock X470 pile, the Taichi Ultimate does include a single HDMI 1.4b output for users hoping to use one of the new Ryzen 2000 series APUs, (although pairing a $99 APU up with a board costing three times more is a luxury most users won't be able to justify). ASRock has omitted any USB 2.0 ports on the rear panel, choosing instead to host six USB 3.0 Type-A ports and two USB 3.1 (1 x Type-A and 1 x Type-C) ports.
Aside from USB real estate, the remaining bulk of the rear panel consists of a set of six 3.5mm audio jacks from the onboard Realtek ALC 1220 codec, an Intel I211-AT Gigabit Ethernet, an Aquantia AQC107 10GbE LAN port, and an Intel-based 802.11ac Wi-Fi module.
The jump from X370 to X470 brings one major highlight in terms of improvement and that's memory compatibility. The ASRock X470 Taichi Ultimate has a total of four DRAM slots with support for up to DDR4-3466+ while having a capability to accommodate a maximum of 64GB in total. The X470 Taichi Ultimate could easily be appealing to a user looking to build a unique themed Ryzen based workstation as the board features a total eight SATA 6Gbps, with six being powered from the X470 chipset directly and the other two being governed by an ASMedia ASM1061 SATA controller. A total of two M.2 slots are present with the primary slot (top slot with heat sink) being PCIe 3.0 x4 and the secondary slot (bottom) sharing bandwidth with the full-length PCIe 2.0 x4 slot consequentially disabling the slot if an M.2 drive is populated.
From a performance perspective, the ASRock X470 Taichi Ultimate steams through our test suite pretty comfortably and does very well throughout; the strongest showing in our system suite was in POSTing time. The gaming performance was a little bit sub-par compared to X370 by a couple of percent, but in line with other X470 tests. The power consumption does put this as one of the more power hungry AM4 socketed boards on test, although the audio testing and video conversion data does paint a better picture with the X470 Taichi Ultimate achieving the best average frame rate within Handbrake at HQ settings to date from any AM4 board we've tested. Unlike other ASRock B350/X370/X470 models on test, DPC latency figures proved somewhat worse on the Taichi Ultimate with the results being somewhat modest in comparison to the boards pedigree. While not DPC latency optimized, ASRock has usually been a consistent performer, alas the Taichi Ultimate doesn't fall in line in this regard.
For overclocking, our Ryzen 7 1700 chip did hit the 4.0 GHz we have seen on other AM4 motherboards, however the sweet spot was at 3.9 GHz based on voltage increases.
All-in-all, the ASRock X470 Taichi Ultimate motherboard does include a very select premium component choice with the 10G LAN port, an overkill 16-phase power delivery and a large amount of rear panel connectors to satisfy most users. High-end enthusiasts will appreciate these premium features along with an onboard OC style section in the bottom right corner consisting of a reset switch, power button and second clear CMOS button, including a LED POST indicator which can be very handy in troubleshooting potential booting problems. The consensus is ASRock has gone as all-out as they can with a board listed at $300 but also retained supplementary controllers such as the premium Realtek ALC 1220 audio codec and an Intel I211-AT Gigabit LAN port to compliment the sought after Aquantia 10G LAN port; all consequential of having a $300 price tag.
" The consensus is ASRock has gone as all-out as they can with a board listed at $300 "