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Q: Trying to find the std of an array result in fault I have a bunch of files of the following order (tab separated):
h   local   average
1   4654    4654
2   5564    5564
3   6846    6846
... ...     ...

I read the file in a loop (attached below) and store them in a two dimensional list. I then convert the list to array and apply std to it. This results with:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "plot2.py", line 56, in <module>
    e0028 = np.std(ar, axis=0)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/fromnumeric.py", line 2467, in std
    return std(axis, dtype, out, ddof)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'list' and 'float'

Which baffles me. I tried to find an element in the array which is not float and nothing popped.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from math import fabs, sqrt, pow, pi

h0028 = []
p0028 = []

headLines = 2

fig=plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(1,1,1)
for i in range (0,24):

    n = 0
    j = i + 560
    p = []
    f = open('0028/'+str(j)+'.0028/ionsDist.dat')
    for line in f:
        if n < headLines:
            n += 1
            continue
        words = line.split()
        p.append (float(words[1]))
        if i == 0:
            h0028.append (fabs(int(words[0])))
        n += 1
    print (n)
    p0028.append(p)
    f.close()

ar = np.array(p0028)
for a in ar:
    for b in a:
        if not isinstance(b,float):
            print type(a)

e0028 = np.std(ar, axis=0)
p0028 = np.mean(ar, axis=0)
h0028 = np.array(h0028)/10 -2.6
p0028 /= max(p0028)
e0028 /= (sum(p0028)*sqrt(23))

ax1.errorbar(h0028 , p0028, yerr=e0028, color = 'red')
ax1.set_xlim(-0.1,10)

plt.show()
plt.savefig('plot2.png', format='png')

A: I can't figure out, why your code does not work, but maybe this will help you.
You can read the file like this:
    >>>a = np.loadtxt("p0028.csv",dtype="float",skiprows = 1)
    >>> a
    array([[  1.00000000e+00,   4.65400000e+03,   4.65400000e+03],
    [  2.00000000e+00,   5.56400000e+03,   5.56400000e+03],
    [  3.00000000e+00,   6.84600000e+03,   6.84600000e+03]])

Now you can get the std of e.g. the column local like this:
    >>>a_std = np.std(a[:1])
    2193.4452352406706

When you loop over several files, you can use the vstack method to collect the data together, that way you do not depend on the number of rows in the file:
    >>>a = np.loadtxt("p0028.csv",dtype="float",skiprows = 1)
    >>> a
    array([[  1.00000000e+00,   4.65400000e+03,   4.65400000e+03],
    [  2.00000000e+00,   5.56400000e+03,   5.56400000e+03],
    [  3.00000000e+00,   6.84600000e+03,   6.84600000e+03]])
    >>>b = np.loadtxt("p0028.csv",dtype="float",skiprows = 1)
    >>> np.vstack((a,b))
    array([[   1, 4654, 4654],
    [   2, 5564, 5564],
    [   3, 6846, 6846],
    [   1, 4654, 4654],
    [   2, 5564, 5564],
    [   3, 6846, 6846]])

A: I have found the error, my file were not all of the same length. This caused a situation where  I accessed empty element. I have added a loop that add zeros at the end of each list till I get the same length. Schuh, noted that adding zero at the end might result in getting wrong std. This is not the case in my data but this should be noted.

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Community Activities In Hackney
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We believe that everyone should be supported in a way that meets their individual needs and aspirations. That's why our support services are flexible and focused around you. Whether you have a personal budget, pay for support through direct payment, or source support through your social worker, we will work with you to make sure you're supported in the way that you want to be.
'When my doctor said I was overweight, Becky, my Support Worker, taught me how to make healthy meals and helped me exercise more. Now I walk to and from every football game I watch, which is four miles.' Sharon, Leicester
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Whether you need personal care, help preparing healthy meals, assistance with staying on top of bills, or emotional support, our trained Support Workers will support you to live as independently as possible. We will work with you to plan your support and help you achieve your goals. And as your needs and aspirations change, we will change the way we support you, so it is always delivered in the right way, at the right time.
Support in the community
Playing an active part in the community can improve your health and well-being, but we understand that sometimes it can be challenging or feel overwhelming. We will support you to access activities and opportunities within your community, and work with you to overcome any barriers that are preventing you from getting out and about. We also organise trips and holidays away, as well as creative groups in some areas, such as writing, drama, music, and art workshops.
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text:
Convicted MURDERER DARES Judge to Give Him DEATH PENALTY!!
A Florida man was convicted of murder in May, and during a recent court appearance, he actually dared the judge to give him the death penalty. The jury had found James Herard guilty of murdering two people at a Dunkin Donuts in 2008 and recommended the death penalty in his case.
Herard got to speak in court this past Friday, and said to the judge, "Go ahead and do what you gonna do. I pretty much dare you to give me the death sentence because I'm innocent."
And here's how confident he is: "I'm actually hoping you give me the death penalty because I know the Supreme Court won't allow me to die for something I didn't commit."
This actually isn't the first odd performance of Herard's in court. When he appeared in court to face accusations over the Dunkin Donuts robbery in 2008, Herard literally barked like a dog at the judge.
8 Evil Kids Who Murdered Someone
20 Shocking Last Words of Death Row Inmates
Bosnian ex-general Slobodan Praljak drank poison after being convicted of war crimes in the Hague
JUSTICE SCALIA DIED SURROUNDED BY LUCIFERIANS: SPECIAL REPORT
The Five Creepiest Real-Life Vampire Murderers of All Time
This Is What Really Motivates Serial Killers To Murder
Final Photos of Murder Victims
Mother who wanted haunting photos of her dead daughter is now charged with murder
Man who beheaded wife and flushed head down toilet to die in prison after being jailed for at least 21 years
Woman murders husband before skinning and boiling corpse to serve to his three kids
Categorised in: Serial Killers


text:
60 Seconds: How Do the Tariffs Affect My Wallet?
Tracy Byrnes Aug 7, 2018 7:25 AM EDT
Tariff talk is everywhere. But politics aside, all you really care about is how it all will affect your wallet. So give me 60 seconds and I'll tell you how. Watch!
Sports Betting Is Gambling's Next Big Thing
Alexandra Garfinkle Aug 7, 2018 6:33 AM EDT
VICI Properties Inc. CEO Ed Pitoniak, in an exclusive with TheStreet, said he expects sports betting to be big.
Week Ahead: Dropbox, Disney, CPI and Pizza
It's another busy -- and hot! week down on Wall Street. With temperatures in the 90's and earnings still pouring out, watch our video above to help keep you cool.
Why Investors Are Aggressively Buying Netflix, Amazon and Microsoft Shares
Scott Gamm Aug 7, 2018 5:55 AM EDT
Investors bought shares of Netflix, Amazon and Microsoft shares, according to fresh data from TD Ameritrade.
Market Madness: There's a Silver Lining for Facebook
Katherine Ross Aug 6, 2018 6:20 PM EDT
Let's go over the market on Monday.
Rewind: Jim Cramer on Tariffs, Pepsico, Bemis and His Advice for the Eagles
Scott Gamm Aug 6, 2018 6:06 PM EDT
TheStreet's founder and Action Alerts PLUS Portfolio Manager Jim Cramer analyzes Monday's trending stocks from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange.
Jim Cramer: The Odds of Stocks Rising for Another Week Have Diminished
Stocks are taking a breather on Monday, especially after multiple straight weeks of gains, according to TheStreet's founder and Action Alerts PLUS Portfolio Manager Jim Cramer.
Jim Cramer Reacts to Pepsico CEO Indra Nooyi's Retirement
TheStreet's founder and Action Alerts PLUS Portfolio Manager Jim Cramer said Pepsico CEO Indra Nooyi has done a "remarkable job."
60 Seconds: What is the Yield Curve and Why is Everyone Talking About It?
Tracy Byrnes Aug 6, 2018 10:24 AM EDT
More people are talking about the yield curve than ever before! So what the heck is it and why should you be looking at it these days? Give me 60 seconds and I'll tell you. Watch!
Indra Nooyi's Biggest Accomplishments as CEO of PepsiCo
Ari Fima Aug 6, 2018 10:16 AM EDT
After overseeing expansion of PepsiCo Indra Nooyi Steps Down as CEO


text:
White House to host second democracy summit in March
The White House announced Tuesday it will host a second summit on democracy next year, following up on efforts to push back on authoritarianism and present a united front among democratic nations.
"As President Biden has said, we know democracy remains the best tool humankind has to unleash our collective potential and deliver our security and prosperity for all," White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre told reporters aboard Air Force One. "That's why he's made strengthening democracy a cornerstone of both his domestic and international agenda."
The second democracy summit will take place March 29 and March 30. Costa Rica, the Netherlands, Zambia and South Korea will act as co-hosts, Jean-Pierre said. Government leaders and private sector officials from many of the attending countries will take part in the summit.
Biden in December 2021 hosted the first Summit for Democracy, which focused on strengthening democracy, defending against authoritarianism, fighting corruption and promoting human rights.
The first summit led to more than 700 commitments intended to strengthen and safeguard democracy.
Biden has made protecting democracy a running theme of his time in the White House as well as his 2016 campaign. He has given multiple speeches warning against election deniers within the U.S. and pushing back against former President Trump's baseless claims that the 2020 election was stolen and fraudulent.
Published in Administration and International


text:
Marsha Haefner (nacida el 8 de julio de 1951) es una política estadounidense. Es Miembro de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos en Missouri, sirviendo desde su primera elección en 2010. Es miembro del Partido Republicano.

Primeros años, educación y carrera profesional

Primeros años
Haefner nació en Webster Groves, Missouri, un suburbio de St. Louis, Missouri. Haefner asistió a las escuelas públicas de Webster Groves hasta su graduación en la escuela secundaria, luego asistió al Meramec Community College antes de graduarse en la Universidad de Misuri, Columbia, con una licenciatura en Parques y Recreación.

Familia
Mientras asistía a la Universidad de Misuri, Haefner conoció a su futuro esposo, Greg Haefner, miembro de Marching Mizzou. Los dos se casaron después de graduarse y se mudaron a Pensacola, Florida, donde Greg se entrenó como Oficial de Vuelo Naval. Durante los siguientes cinco años, se mudaron nueve veces, incluyendo una asignación a la base de Brunswick, Maine y dos despliegues a Rota, España y las Islas Azores. Después de su servicio naval, regresaron a Oakville para trabajar y criar a sus tres hijos.

Espíritu empresarial
Junto con su esposo, Marsha posee y opera un pequeño negocio. A principios de la década de 1980, los dos abrieron Haefner's Greenhouses y rápidamente se convirtieron en un proveedor mayorista líder en el área de St. Louis. Con el paso de los años, su pequeña empresa ha empleado a más de 1000 residentes locales a lo largo de 37 años en el negocio. La pareja también opera una instalación en crecimiento en House Springs y un centro de jardinería ubicado en Telegraph Road en Oakville, Missouri.

Cargos públicos

Cámara de Representantes de Missouri
Haefner comenzó a servir en la Cámara de Representantes de Missouri en el año 2010, después de derrotar al demócrata Andrew Spavale. Actualmente representa al Distrito 95 y sirve como Presidenta del Comité de Revisión Fiscal. También es miembro del Comité de Ética y del Comité Mixto de Política Tributaria, entre otros.

Funciones de los comités

 Revisión Fiscal (Presidente)
 Presupuesto
 Subcomité de Asignaciones - Salud, Salud Mental y Servicios Sociales
 Ética
 Política de salud y salud mental
 Comité Mixto sobre Abuso y Negligencia contra los Niños
 Comisión Mixta de Investigación Legislativa
 Comité Mixto de Política Fiscal

Patrocinio legislativo
Durante su mandato en la Cámara de Representantes de Missouri, Haefner ha patrocinado varios proyectos de ley importantes que van desde cuestiones relativas a la reforma de la asistencia social hasta leyes de protección de la infancia. Algunas de sus principales piezas de legislación incluyen:

 HB 1491 Reporte de Abuso y Negligencia Infantil
 HB 2202 Evidencia (aprobada en la ley como una enmienda a la HB 1562)
 HB 640 Modifica la Exención de SNAP (aprobada como enmienda a la SB 24)
 HB 1795 Modifica las Disposiciones Relativas a los Programas de Asistencia Pública (aprobada como una enmienda en SB 607)

Campaña potencial para el Senado de EE.UU.
Haefner está considerando una candidatura para el escaño en el Senado de los EE.UU. que actualmente ocupa Claire McCaskill después de recibir el apoyo de la republicana Ann Wagner (MO-02).

Premios y distinciones

 St. Louis Business Journal: Premio Legislativo, 2013 y 2014
 Premio Missouri Kids First: Standing with Children, 2014
 St. Louis Children's Hospital: Abogado Estatal del Año, 2014
 Asociación Nacional de Enfermedades Mentales: Legislador Destacado, 2015
 Asociación de Centros de Rehabilitación de Missouri: Legislador del Año, 2015
 Behavioral Health Network: Liderazgo sobresaliente, 2015
 Asociación de Lesiones Cerebrales: Legislador del Año, 2015
 Missouri Coalition of Children's Agencies: Campeón de Bienestar Infantil, 2015
 Fundación para la Rendición de Cuentas del Gobierno: Legislador Nacional del Año, 2015
 Coalición de Missouri: Liderazgo en Salud Mental, 2015
 Mental Health America: Campeón de Salud Mental y Tratamiento de Adicciones, 2016
 Fundación para la Rendición de Cuentas del Gobierno: Campeón Nacional de Oportunidad 2016
 Hospital Infantil Cardinal Glennon: Premio Vagón de Cristal, 2016

Apoyos

 Cámara de Comercio de Missouri
 Federación Nacional de Empresas Independientes
 Asociación Nacional del Rifle
 Derecho a la Vida en Missouri

Historial electoral

Referencias

Personas vivas
Alumnado de la Universidad de Misuri
Nacidos en San Luis (Misuri)

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KS2 and 3 pupils and teachers are invited to participate in Leeds' 9th Fairtrade School celebration, organised in collaboration between Leeds DEC and Fairtrade Leeds! The event has kindly been sponsored by the Coop.
Students will be leading hands on and inspiring workshops about the cocoa industry and the contribution of women farmers.
Fabian Hamilton and the Lord Mayor of Leeds will congratulating schools on their Fairtrade and Global Citizenship.
A ticket costs £32.39 and entitles up to 6 pupils and 2 teachers to attend.
CO-OP schools please email hannah at hannah@ to book your places.


text:
What's the definition of bickering?
Bickering means disagreeing
Joe O
Bickering is a synonym for complaining.
What does the word bickering mean?
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The Software Engineering Professional Practice knowledge area (KA) is concerned with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that software engineers must possess to practice software engineering in a professional, responsible, and ethical manner. Because of the widespread applications of software products in social and personal life, the quality of software products can have profound impact on our personal well-being and societal harmony. Software engineers must handle unique engineering problems, producing software with known characteristics and reliability. This requirement calls for software engineers who possess a proper set of knowledge, skills, training, and experience in professional practice.
The term "professional practice" refers to a way of conducting services so as to achieve certain standards or criteria in both the process of performing a service and the end product resulting from the service. These standards and criteria can include both technical and nontechnical aspects. The concept of professional practice can be viewed as being more applicable within those professions that have a generally accepted body of knowledge; codes of ethics and professional conduct with penalties for violations; accepted processes for accreditation, certification, and licensing; and professional societies to provide and administer all of these. Admission to these professional societies is often predicated on a prescribed combination of education and experience.
A software engineer maintains a professional practice by performing all work in accordance with generally accepted practices, standards, and guidelines notably set forth by the applicable professional society. For example, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and IEEE Computer Society (IEEE CS) have established a Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice. Both the British Computer Society (BCS) and the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) have established similar professional practice standards. ISO/IEC and IEEE have further provided internationally accepted software engineering standards (see Appendix B of this Guide). IEEE CS has established two international certification programs (CSDA, CSDP) and a corresponding Guide to the Software Engineering Bodyof Knowledge (SWEBOK Guide). All of these are elements that lay the foundation for of the professional practice of software engineering.
The Software Engineering Professional Practice KA's breakdown of topics is shown in Figure 11.1. The subareas presented in this KA are professionalism, group dynamics and psychology, and communication skills.
A software engineer displays professionalism notably through adherence to codes of ethics and professional conduct and to standards and practices that are established by the engineer's professional community.
The professional community is often represented by one or more professional societies; those societies publish codes of ethics and professional conduct as well as criteria for admittance to the community. Those criteria form the basis for accreditation and licensing activities and may be used as a measure to determine engineering competence or negligence.
Accreditation is a process to certify the competency, authority, or credibility of an organization. Accredited schools or programs are assured to adhere to particular standards and maintain certain qualities. In many countries, the basic means by which engineers acquire knowledge is through completion of an accredited course of study. Often, engineering accreditation is performed by a government organization, such as the ministry of education. Such countries with government accreditations include China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, and Russia.
In other countries, however, the accreditation process is independent of government and performed by private membership associations. For example, in the United States, engineering accreditation is performed by an organization known as ABET. An organization known as CSAB serving as a participating body of ABET is the lead society within ABET for the accreditation of degree programs in software engineering. While the process of accreditation may be different for each country and jurisdiction, the general meaning is the same. For an institution's course of study to be accredited means that "the accreditation body recognizes an educational institution as maintaining standards that qualify the graduates for admission to higher or more specialized institutions or for professional practice" .
Certification refers to the confirmation of a person's particular characteristics. A common type of certification is professional certification, where a person is certified as being able to complete an activity in a certain discipline at a stated level of competency. Professional certification also can also verify the holder's ability to meet professional standards and to apply professional judgment in solving or addressing problems. Professional certification can also involve the verification of prescribed knowledge, the mastering of best practice and proven methodologies, and the amount of professional experience.
An engineer usually obtains certification by passing an examination in conjunction with other experience-based criteria. These examinations are often administered by nongovernmental organizations, such as professional societies.
In software engineering, certification testifies to one's qualification as a software engineer. For example, the IEEE CS has enacted two certification programs (CSDA and CSDP) designed to confirm a software engineer's knowledge of standard software engineering practices and to advance one's career. A lack of certification does not exclude the individual from working as a software engineer. Currently certification in software engineering is completely voluntary. In fact, most software engineers are not certified under any program.
"Licensing" is the action of giving a person the authorization to perform certain kinds of activities and take responsibility for resultant engineering products. The noun "license" refers to both that authorization and the document recording that authorization. Governmental authorities or statutory bodies usually issue licenses.
Obtaining a license to practice requires not only that an individual meets a certain standard, but also that they do so with a certain ability to practice or operate. Sometimes there is an entry-level requirement which sets the minimum skills and capabilities to practice, but as the professional moves through his or her career, the required skills and capabilities change and evolve.
In general, engineers are licensed as a means of protecting the public from unqualified individuals. In some countries, no one can practice as a professional engineer unless licensed; or further, no company may offer "engineering services" unless at least one licensed engineer is employed there.
Codes of ethics and professional conduct comprise the values and behavior that an engineer's professional practice and decisions should embody.
The professional community establishes codes of ethics and professional conduct. They exist in the context of, and are adjusted to agree with, societal norms and local laws. Therefore, codes of ethics and professional conduct present guidance in the face of conflicting imperatives.
Once established, codes of ethics and professional conduct are enforced by the profession, as represented by professional societies or by a statutory body.
Violations may be acts of commission, such as concealing inadequate work, disclosing confidential information, falsifying information, or misrepresenting one's abilities. They may also occur through omission, including failure to disclose risks or to provide important information, failure to give proper credit or to acknowledge references, and failure to represent client interests. Violations of codes of ethics and professional conduct may result in penalties and possible expulsion from professional status.
Software engineers shall commit themselves to making the analysis, specification, design, development, testing and maintenance of software a beneficial and respected profession. In accordance with their commitment to the health, safety and welfare of the public, software engineers shall adhere to the eight principles concerning the public, client and employer, product, judgment, management, profession, colleagues, and self, respectively.
Since standards and codes of ethics and professional conduct may be introduced, modified, or replaced at any time, individual software engineers bear the responsibility for their own continuing study to stay current in their professional practice.
advancing the profession through conferences, training, and publications.
Participation in professional societies assists the individual engineer in maintaining and sharpening their professional knowledge and relevancy and in expanding and maintaining their professional network.
Software engineering standards cover a remarkable variety of topics. They provide guidelines for the practice of software engineering and processes to be used during development, maintenance, and support of software. By establishing a consensual body of knowledge and experience, software engineering standards establish a basis upon which further guidelines may be developed. Appendix B of this 'Guide provides guidance on IEEE and ISO/ IEC software engineering standards that support the knowledge areas of this Guide.
The benefits of software engineering standards are many and include improving software quality,helping avoid errors, protecting both software producers and users, increasing professional discipline, and helping technology transition.
Software has economic effects at the individual, business, and societal levels. Software "success" may be determined by the suitability of a product for a recognized problem as well as by its effectiveness when applied to that problem.
At the individual level, an engineer's continuing employment may depend on their ability and willingness to interpret and execute tasks in meeting customers' or employers' needs and expectations. The customer or employer's financial situation may in turn be positively or negatively affected by the purchase of software.
At the business level, software properly applied to a problem can eliminate months of work and translate to elevated profits or more effective organizations. Moreover, organizations that acquire or provide successful software may be a boon to the society in which they operate by providing both employment and improved services. However, the development or acquisition costs of software can also equate to those of any major acquisition.
At the societal level, direct impacts of software success or failure include or exclude accidents, interruptions, and loss of service. Indirect impacts include the success or failure of the organization that acquired or produced the software, increased or decreased societal productivity, harmonious or disruptive social order, and even the saving or loss of property and life.
Software engineering services may be provided under a variety of client-engineer relationships. The software engineering work may be solicited as company-to-customer supplier, engineerto- customer consultancy, direct hire, or even volunteering. In all of these situations, the customer and supplier agree that a product or service will be provided in return for some sort of consideration. Here, we are most concerned with the engineer-to-customer arrangement and its attendant agreements or contracts, whether they are of the direct-hire or consultant variety, and the issues they typically address.
A common concern in software engineering contracts is confidentiality. Employers derive commercial advantage from intellectual property, so they strive to protect that property from disclosure. Therefore, software engineers are often required to sign non-disclosure (NDA) or intellectual property (IP) agreements as a precondition to work. These agreements typically apply to information the software engineer could only gain through association with the customer. The terms of these agreements may extend past termination of the association.
Another concern is IP ownership. Rights to software engineering assets—products, innovations, inventions, discoveries, and ideas—may reside with the employer or customer, either under explicit contract terms or relevant laws, if those assets are obtained during the term of the software engineer's relationship with that employer or customer. Contracts differ in the ownership of assets created using non-employer-owned equipment or information.
Finally, contracts can also specify among other elements the location at which work is to be performed; standards to which that work will be held; the system configuration to be used for development; limitations of the software engineer's and employer's liability; a communication matrix and/or escalation plan; and administrative details such as rates, frequency of compensation, working hours, and working conditions.
Legal issues surrounding software engineering professional practice notably include matters related to standards, trademarks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets, professional liability, legal requirements, trade compliance, and cybercrime. It is therefore beneficial to possess knowledge of these issues and their applicability.
Legal issues are jurisdictionally based; software engineers must consult attorneys who specialize in the type and jurisdiction of any identified legal issues.
Software engineering standards establish guidelines for generally accepted practices and minimum requirements for products and services provided by a software engineer. Appendix B of this Guide provides guidance on software engineering standards that are applicable to each KA.
Standards are valuable sources of requirements and assistance during the everyday conduct of software engineering activities. Adherence to standards facilitates discipline by enumerating minimal characteristics of products and practice. That discipline helps to mitigate subconscious assumptions or overconfidence in a design. For these reasons, organizations performing software engineering activities often include conformance to standards as part of their organizational policies. Further, adherence to standards is a major component of defense from legal action or from allegations of malpractice.
A trademark relates to any word, name, symbol, or device that is used in business transactions. It is used "to indicate the source or origin of the goods" .
Trademark protection protects names, logos, images, and packaging. However, if a name, image, or other trademarked asset becomes a generic term, then trademark protection is nullified.
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is the authority that frames the rules and regulations on trademarks. WIPO is the United Nations agency dedicated to the use of intellectual property as a means of stimulating innovation and creativity.
Patents protect an inventor's right to manufacture and sell an idea. A patent consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign government to an individual, group of individuals, or organization for a limited period of time. Patents are an old form of idea-ownership protection and date back to the 15th century.
Application for a patent entails careful records of the process that led to the invention. Patent attorneys are helpful in writing patent disclosure claims in a manner most likely to protect the software engineer's rights.
Note that, if inventions are made during the course of a software engineering contract, ownership may belong to the employer or customer or be jointly held, rather than belong to the software engineer.
There are rules concerning what is and is not patentable. In many countries, software code is not patentable, although software algorithms may be. Existing and filed patent applications can be searched at WIPO.
Most governments in the world give exclusive rights of an original work to its creator, usually for a limited time, enacted as a copyright. Copyrights protect the way an idea is presented—not the idea itself. For example, they may protect the particular wording of an account of an historical event, whereas the event itself is not protected. Copyrights are long-term and renewable; they date back to the 17th century.
In many countries, an intellectual asset such as a formula, algorithm, process, design, method, pattern, instrument, or compilation of information may be considered a "trade secret," provided that these assets are not generally known and may provide a business some economic advantage. The designation of "trade secret" provides legal protection if the asset is stolen. This protection is not subject to a time limit. However, if another party derives or discovers the same asset legally, then the asset is no longer protected and the other party will also possess all rights to use it.
It is common for software engineers to be concerned with matters of professional liability. As an individual provides services to a client or employer, it is vital to adhere to standards and generally accepted practices, thereby protecting against allegations or proceedings of or related to malpractice, negligence, or incompetence.
For engineers, including software engineers, professional liability is related to product liability. Under the laws and rules governing in their jurisdiction, engineers may be held to account for failing to fully and conscientiously follow recommended practice; this is known as "negligence." They may also be subject to laws governing "strict liability" and either implied or express warranty, where, by selling the product, the engineer is held to warrant that the product is both suitable and safe for use. In some countries (for example, in the US), "privity" (the idea that one could only sue the person selling the product) is no longer a defense against liability actions.
Legal suits for liability can be brought under tort law in the US allowing anyone who is harmed to recover their loss even if no guarantees were made. Because it is difficult to measure the suitability or safety of software, failure to take due care can be used to prove negligence on the part of software engineers. A defense against such an allegation is to show that standards and generally accepted practices were followed in the development of the product.
Basic information on the international legal framework can be accessed from the World Trade Organization (WTO).
All software professionals must be aware of legal restrictions on import, export, or reexport of goods, services, and technology in the jurisdictions in which they work. The considerations include export controls and classification, transfer of goods, acquisition of necessary governmental licenses for foreign use of hardware and software, services and technology by sanctioned nation, enterprise or individual entities, and import restrictions and duties. Trade experts should be consulted for detailed compliance guidance.
Cybercrime refers to any crime that involves a computer, computer software, computer networks, or embedded software controlling a system. The computer or software may have been used in the commission of a crime or it may have been the target. This category of crime includes fraud, unauthorized access, spam, obscene or offensive content, threats, harassment, theft of sensitive personal data or trade secrets, and use of one computer to damage or infiltrate other networked computers and automated system controls.
Computer and software users commit fraud by altering electronic data to facilitate illegal activity. Forms of unauthorized access include hacking, eavesdropping, and using computer systems in a way that is concealed from their owners.
Many countries have separate laws to cover cybercrimes, but it has sometimes been difficult to prosecute cybercrimes due to a lack of precisely framed statutes. The software engineer has a professional obligation to consider the threat of cybercrime and to understand how the software system will protect or endanger software and user information from accidental or malicious access, use, modification, destruction, or disclosure.
warnings of undesirable or dangerous consequences from use or misuse of the software.
problems encountered during the development process.
clear identification of warnings and critical procedures.
Use of software may include installation, operation, administration, and performance of other functions by various groups of users and support personnel. If the customer will acquire ownership of the software source code or the right to modify the code, the software engineer should provide documentation of the functional specifications, the software design, the test suite, and the necessary operating environment for the software.
The minimum length of time documents should be kept is the duration of the software products' life cycle or the time required by relevant organizational or regulatory requirements.
Within the practice of software engineering, a software engineer often has to choose between alternative problem solutions. The outcome of these choices is determined by the software engineer's professional evaluation of the risks, costs, and benefits of alternatives, in cooperation with stakeholders. The software engineer's evaluation is called "tradeoff analysis." Tradeoff analysis notably enables the identification of competing and complementary software requirements in order to prioritize the final set of requirements defining the software to be constructed (see Requirements Negotiation in the Software Requirements KA and Determination and Negotiation of Requirements in the Software Engineering Management KA).
In the case of an ongoing software development project that is late or over budget, tradeoff analysis is often conducted to decide which software requirements can be relaxed or dropped given the effects thereof.
A first step in a tradeoff analysis is establishing design goals (see Engineering Design in the Engineering Foundations KA) and setting the relative importance of those goals. This permits identification of the solution that most nearly meets those goals; this means that the way the goals are stated is critically important.
Design goals may include minimization of monetary cost and maximization of reliability, performance, or some other criteria on a wide range of dimensions. However, it is difficult to formulate a tradeoff analysis of cost against risk, especially where primary production and secondary risk-based costs must be traded against each other.
A software engineer must conduct a tradeoff analysis in an ethical manner—notably by being objective and impartial when selecting criteria for comparison of alternative problem solutions and when assigning weights or importance to these criteria. Any conflict of interest must be disclosed up front.
Engineering work is very often conducted in the context of teamwork. A software engineer must be able to interact cooperatively and constructively with others to first determine and then meet both needs and expectations. Knowledge of group dynamics and psychology is an asset when interacting with customers, coworkers, suppliers, and subordinates to solve software engineering problems.
Software engineers must work with others. On one hand, they work internally in engineering teams; on the other hand, they work with customers, members of the public, regulators, and other stakeholders. Performing teams—those that demonstrate consistent quality of work and progress toward goals—are cohesive and possess a cooperative, honest, and focused atmosphere. Individual and team goals are aligned so that the members naturally commit to and feel ownership of shared outcomes.
Team members facilitate this atmosphere by being intellectually honest, making use of group thinking, admitting ignorance, and acknowledging mistakes. They share responsibility, rewards, and workload fairly. They take care to communicate clearly, directly to each other and in documents, as well as in source code, so that information is accessible to everyone. Peer reviews about work products are framed in a constructive and nonpersonal way (see Reviews and Audits in the Software Quality KA). This allows all the members to pursue a cycle of continuous improvement and growth without personal risk. In general, members of cohesive teams demonstrate respect for each other and their leader.
One point to emphasize is that software engineers must be able to work in multidisciplinary environments and in varied application domains. Since today software is everywhere, from a phone to a car, software is impacting people's lives far beyond the more traditional concept of software made for information management in a business environment.
Engineers desire to solve problems. The ability to solve problems effectively and efficiently is what every engineer strives for. However, the limits and processes of individual cognition affect problem solving. In software engineering, notably due to the highly abstract nature of software itself, individual cognition plays a very prominent role in problem solving.
emotional status of the individual.
Many, if not most, software engineering problems are too complex and difficult to address as a whole or to be tackled by individual software engineers. When such circumstances arise, the usual means to adopt is teamwork and problem decomposition (see Problem Solving Techniques in the Computing Foundations KA).
Teams work together to deal with complex and large problems by sharing burdens and drawing upon each other's knowledge and creativity. When software engineers work in teams, different views and abilities of the individual engineers complement each other and help build a solution that is otherwise difficult to come by. Some specific teamwork examples to software engineering are pair programming (see Agile Methods in the Software Engineering Models and Methods KA) and code review (see Reviews and Audits in the Software Quality KA).
Success of a software engineering endeavor depends upon positive interactions with stakeholders. They should provide support, information, and feedback at all stages of the software life cycle process. For example, during the early stages, it is critical to identify all stakeholders and discover how the product will affect them, so that sufficient definition of the stakeholder requirements can be properly and completely captured.
During development, stakeholders may provide feedback on specifications and/or early versions of the software, change of priority, as well as clarification of detailed or new software requirements. Last, during software maintenance and until the end of product life, stakeholders provide feedback on evolving or new requirements as well problem reports so that the software may be extended and improved.
Therefore, it is vital to maintain open and productive communication with stakeholders for the duration of the software product's lifetime.
As with engineers of other fields, software engineers must often deal with and resolve uncertainty and ambiguities while providing services and developing products. The software engineer must attack and reduce or eliminate any lack of clarity that is an obstacle to performing work. Often, uncertainty is simply a reflection of lack of knowledge. In this case, investigation through recourse to formal sources such as textbooks and professional journals, interviews with stakeholders, or consultation with teammates and peers can overcome it.
When uncertainty or ambiguity cannot be overcome easily, software engineers or organizations may choose to regard it as a project risk. In this case, work estimates or pricing are adjusted to mitigate the anticipated cost of addressing it (see Risk Management in the Software Engineering Management KA).
Multicultural environments can have an impact on the dynamics of a group. This is especially true when the group is geographically separated or communication is infrequent, since such separation elevates the importance of each contact. Intercultural communication is even more difficult if the difference in time zones make oral communication less frequent.
Multicultural environments are quite prevalent in software engineering, perhaps more than in other fields of engineering, due to the strong trend of international outsourcing and the easy shipment of software components instantaneously across the globe. For example, it is rather common for a software project to be divided into pieces across national and cultural borders, and it is also quite common for a software project team to consist of people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
For a software project to be a success, team members must achieve a level of tolerance, acknowledging that some rules depend on societal norms and that not all societies derive the same solutions and expectations.
This tolerance and accompanying understanding can be facilitated by the support of leadership and management. More frequent communication, including face-to-face meetings, can help to mitigate geographical and cultural divisions, promote cohesiveness, and raise productivity. Also, being able to communicate with teammates in their native language could be very beneficial.
It is vital that a software engineer communicate well, both orally and in reading and writing. Successful attainment of software requirements and deadlines depends on developing clear understanding between the software engineer and customers, supervisors, coworkers, and suppliers. Optimal problem solving is made possible through the ability to investigate, comprehend, and summarize information. Customer product acceptance and safe product usage depend on the provision of relevant training and documentation. It follows that the software engineer's own career success is affected by the ability to consistently provide oral and written communication effectively and on time.
Software engineers are able to read and understand technical material. Technical material includes reference books, manuals, research papers, and program source code.
Reading is not only a primary way of improving skills, but also a way of gathering information necessary for the completion of engineering goals. A software engineer sifts through accumulated information, filtering out the pieces that will be most helpful. Customers may request that a software engineer summarize the results of such information gathering for them, simplifying or explaining it so that they may make the final choice between competing solutions.
Reading and comprehending source code is also a component of information gathering and problem solving. When modifying, extending, or rewriting software, it is critical to understand both its implementation directly derived from the presented code and its design, which must often be inferred.
Software engineers are able to produce written products as required by customer requests or generally accepted practice. These written products may include source code, software project plans, software requirement documents, risk analyses, software design documents, software test plans, user manuals, technical reports and evaluations, justifications, diagrams and charts, and so forth.
Writing clearly and concisely is very important because often it is the primary method of communication among relevant parties. In all cases, written software engineering products must be written so that they are accessible, understandable and relevant for their intended audience(s).
Effective communication among team and group members is essential to a collaborative software engineering effort. Stakeholders must be consulted, decisions must be made, and plans must be generated. The greater the number of team and group members, the greater the need to communicate.
The number of communication paths, however, grows quadratically with the addition of each team member. Further, team members are unlikely to communicate with anyone perceived to be removed from them by more than two degrees (levels). This problem can be more serious when software engineering endeavors or organizations are spread across national and continental borders.
Some communication can be accomplished in writing. Software documentation is a common substitute for direct interaction. Email is another but, although it is useful, it is not always enough; also, if one sends too many messages, it becomes difficult to identify the important information. Increasingly, organizations are using enterprise collaboration tools to share information. In addition, the use of electronic information stores, accessible to all team members, for organizational policies, standards, common engineering procedures, and project-specific information, can be most beneficial.
Some software engineering teams focus on face-to-face interaction and promote such interaction by office space arrangement. Although private offices improve individual productivity, colocating team members in physical or virtual forms and providing communal work areas is important to collaborative efforts.
Software engineers rely on their presentation skills during software life cycle processes. For example, during the software requirements phase, software engineers may walk customers and teammates through software requirements and conduct formal requirements reviews (see Requirement Reviews in the Software Requirements KA). During and after software design, software construction, and software maintenance, software engineers lead reviews, product walkthroughs (see Review and Audits in the Software Quality KA), and training. All of these require the ability to present technical information to groups and solicit ideas or feedback.
The software engineer's ability to convey concepts effectively in a presentation therefore influences product acceptance, management, and customer support; it also influences the ability of stakeholders to comprehend and assist in the product effort. This knowledge needs to be archived in the form of slides, knowledge writeup, technical whitepapers, and any other material utilized for knowledge creation.
Gerald M. Weinberg, The Psychology of Computer Programming .
This was the first major book to address programming as an individual and team effort and became a classic in the field.
Kinney and Lange, P.A., Intellectual Property Law for Business Lawyers .
This book covers IP laws in the US. It not only talks about what the IP law is; it also explains why it looks the way it does.
 F. Bott et al., Professional Issues in Software Engineering, 3rd ed., Taylor & Francis, 2000.
 Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed, 2003.
 IEEE CS/ACM Joint Task Force onSoftware Engineering Ethics and Professional Practices, "Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice (Version 5.2)", 1999, www.acm.org/serving/se/code.htm.
 G.M. Weinberg, The Psychology of Computer Programming: Silver Anniversary Edition, Dorset House, 1998.
 Kinney and Lange, P.A., Intellectual Property Law for Business Lawyers, Thomson West, 2013.
This page was last modified on 29 August 2015, at 15:52.


text:
/* jteague6 - definition of the reader-writer lock struct. Inspiration came
 * from the Silberschatz book. My method of preventing starvation makes me
 * concerned about how well this will work. */

#ifndef MAXRWB
#define MAXRWB 10
#endif

struct jttrwb {
    qid16 readq;                    /* The read queue */
    qid16 writeq;                   /* Th write queue */
    uint32 writing;                 /* Are we writing? */
    uint32 reading;                 /* Are we reading? */
    struct procent *writeproc;      /* WHO is writing? */
};

extern struct jttrwb rwbtab[];

/* Create a blocker */
syscall rwb_create();
/* Enter a blocker's write queue */
syscall rwb_write( uint32, uint32 );
/* Enter a blocker's read queue */
syscall rwb_read( uint32, uint32 );
/* Flip a blocker's mode */
syscall rwb_flip( uint32 );

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This great tasting, smooth Organic Raw Almond Butter is a perfect alternative to traditional peanut butter. Use it in smoothies, homemade nut mylks, drinks, on oatmeal and more. We love blending it in our matcha drinks!


Hacker House, an engineering company based in California, has created a cooler that follows you wherever you go, so you no longer have to deal with the age-old problem of having to get up and walk a few steps to get your ice cold beverage.
The cooler pairs an Android app and Bluetooth technology to tail whoever has the phone, so make sure you don't put yours down (like that would ever happen in 2017). This means you can keep your head buried in your phone while you text and walk down the street and then be rewarded with a much-needed drink without having to worry about where to find one.
The cooler is not expected to go on the market, but Hacker House has done the next best thing: it's posted the instructions, so you can make your own because people who are too lazy to walk over to a cooler are clearly going to be ambitious enough to build this contraption themselves.


text:
Confidence offered with EVFTA implementation
The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, which entered into force on August 1, is expected to help heat up mergers and acquisitions in Vietnam's retail market. Nicolas Audier, chairman of the European Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam, talked to VIR's Thanh Van about the future trend of European investment in the local retail market via this channel.
How will the required removal of the Economic Needs Test (ENT) spur on retail mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Vietnam?
Nicolas Audier, chairman of the European Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam
The ENT in retail distribution has been a disincentive to foreign investors. It has acted as a barrier to international enterprises wishing to enter the market and inhibited their investment in Vietnam's retail sector. Therefore, the ENT has been prohibitive both to new M&A deals, as well as to foreign direct investment.
Now the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) has entered into force however, these ENTs will be eliminated within the next five years. This welcome change should spur new M&A deals, not least in the retail sector, which is becoming more and more attractive for international retail enterprises.
This will be a win-win for both local consumers and international companies: Vietnam's fast-growing middle class is creating an increasing demand for choice and competition in retail, and European enterprises are keen to meet this demand.
Have you seen any recent moves in M&A investment among European investors in Vietnam's retail market?
M&As are one of the most effective methods for foreign companies to enter the Vietnamese market. These transactions offer the chance to tap-into local networks, business relationships, and supply chains without having to start from scratch. In recent times, we have seen some important M&A deals completed – including in the sectors that are covered in the EVFTA such as pharma, oil and gas, renewables, and communications.
For instance, in the first few months of 2020, French investors completed 78 M&A deals – an increase of 37 compared to 2019. Meanwhile, German investors completed a further 27 transactions, with Dutch investors contributing another 15. Now that the EVFTA has entered into force, we can anticipate positive growth in foreign investment in the retail sector, once the ENT has been phased out.
However, COVID-19 continues to act as an anchor on global markets, slowing international investment and M&A. Despite Vietnam's effective handling of the pandemic, the virus will impact on international trade for some time to come.
What makes Vietnam's retail market attractive to European investors?
It has seen strong growth in recent times, recording average annual revenue growth of over 10 per cent between 2016 and 2019 alone. The sector now accounts for around 8 per cent of GDP, and makes Vietnam one of the most attractive retail markets for international investors. Indeed, Vietnam ranked second out of 50 economies for attractiveness of its M&A market in 2021, according to UK-based market research firm Euromonitor. This is down to a number of international and domestic factors including global trade tensions and the Vietnamese government's positive record of reform. Of course, the pandemic has interrupted this growth over the last few months. Retail footfall has decreased as people have followed social distancing measures. This has, no doubt, been one of the factors in Vietnam's success at controlling the virus. However, one of the side-effects of this has been growth in the e-commerce sector. Now, people are more aware of the advantages and convenience of online ordering, fast deliveries, and cashless payment.
This opens up new prospects for foreign investors in a potential growth market, since this aligns with Vietnam's high penetration of smartphones and its tech-literate people.
From a regulatory perspective, the Law on Investment and the Law on Enterprises are both welcome steps forward in Vietnam's legal framework and will have a positive impact on M&A transactions. Their implementing legislation has also further helped to streamline administrative procedures. Despite this undoubted progress, there still remains room for improvement.
The scope of M&A approvals, for instance, have been narrowed. However, the process remains too time-consuming and bureaucratic and this could be abolished in order to speed up investment in the future. Meanwhile, discretionary decision making could also be reduced, and tax clearance procedures could be streamlined and clarified.
What are some advantages European buyers will enjoy thanks to the EVFTA coming into force?
Despite the increase in investment from the EU to Vietnam over the last few decades, European investment remains modest when compared with that of Japan, South Korea, and the United States. However, the EVFTA will see this grow further and faster as EU investors look to take advantage of their preferential access to the Vietnamese market and the elimination of the ENT.
In the longer-term, the EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement will accelerate this trend. Unlike the EVFTA, which could be ratified at the EU level, this agreement needs additional approval in each national parliament as investment remains a competence of member states. Once this enters into force, however, it will give EU investors greater confidence and EU investment greater protection in the Vietnamese market.
By Thanh Van
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Responsibilities: Providing leadership and administrative oversight for all aspects of METaS, including designing and executing action plans to support students and program goals, implementing strategies and tactics to personalize and customize initiatives, and delivering quality services to traditional and underrepresented communities.
Responsibilities: Getting students excited about studying STEM! Coordinating the Math/Science Jam, acting as a faculty liason, writing reports, tracking budgets, planning events, managing student tutors and Supplemental Instruction Leaders, and facilitating the Lending Library program.
Responsibilities: I coordinate student services, events, and opportunities centered on STEM academic and professional success.
Responsibilities: Provide leadership and research/evaluation oversight for all aspects of HSI-STEM grant, including responding to external requests and conducting formative evaluation; design and perform HSI-STEM grant related analytical projects using quantitative and qualitative research methodologies; support and enhance informed decision-making, strategic planning, and institutional self-assessments; provide research/data support for institutional and district-wide initiatives.
Other Interests: Facilitation of an experiential workshop designed to develop interpersonal and group communication skills at Stanford Graduate School of Business, storytelling, yoga, skydiving, and mentoring.
Responsibilities: Provide academic, career, and personal counseling and empower students to meet their educational and career goals.
Other Interests: Spending time with family and friends, Latinx cultural events, traveling, always learning new things, fostering transformational resistant minds and being a social justice warrior.
Responsibilities: Trades data with HSI-STEM and school staff and others in regards to school and District administrations, and to give and decipher working arrangements, methods, and execution. Plans and facilitates HSI-STEM school-wide occasions and excercises in conjunction with other administration and staff, gives occasion and movement bolster. Goes to gatherings and different occasions to acquire and give current data, and to meet with administration and other staff to design activities and workloads.
Other Interests: I enjoy going on picnics; spending time with my family; being involved in different clubs; community service, as well as participating in my daughter's and husband's school activities; learning about different cultures; traveling; helping others who want to succeed; and, ultimately, running to relieve any stress.


These Basque inspired dishes make the most of California's seasonal bounty.
Expect excellent food in an unpretentious environment.
Reservations are $130 (tax and tip inclusive) but bring cash for drinks or an optional $55 wine pairing.


When cutting or drilling our treated timber products it is essential to apply Jakcure® End Grain Preservative to ensure cut timber is not left untreated. This will also keep your 25 year Jakcure Guarantee valid.
Applying Jackcure® End Grain Preservative is vital to ensure that cut timber is not left untreated.


text:
Oireachtas
2nd Level Hub
Heritage & Habitat
China Cables
Direct Provision
Trump's North Korea flip-flopping could have profound implications
Analysis: Cancellation of North Korea summit major blow to South Korean president
Thu, May 24, 2018, 20:00
Suzanne Lynch
In a letter read out by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo during a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing, President Donald Trump has called off a planned historic summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Video: Reuters
A coin minted for the US-North Korea summit is seen in Washington DC. The planned June 12th landmark summit in Singapore will not now take place. Photograph: Getty Images
The date had been set and the press accreditation process had opened, but on Thursday US president Donald Trump announced that the historic summit with North Korea on June 12th would not go ahead.
The extraordinary rollercoaster relationship between Mr Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, which has evolved over the last year, had just taken another twist.
Mr Trump's letter to Mr Kim cancelling the summit was an example of the US president's unconventional approach to diplomacy, reading more like a break-up letter than a formal memo between two nuclear adversaries.
"I felt a wonderful dialogue was building up between you and me" wrote Trump in his distinctive style, thanking Mr Kim for his "beautiful gesture" in releasing three American hostages. The letter signed off with an appeal for Mr Kim to "call me or write" if he changed his mind – a final, wistful expression of hope that the two men might make another go of it.
But despite the platitudes contained in the letter – an obvious rejoinder to North Korea's fiery rhetoric – it was ruthless in its intent and damning in its impact.
By the time the president appeared in the White House a few hours later, his language had hardened. The United States, he said, had the most powerful military in the world, and would "never compromise the security and safety of the American people".
Though Mr Trump said he remained open to constructive dialogue with Mr Kim, the chance of a summit taking place appears remote.
'Political dummy'
The trigger for the change of heart by Washington was ostensibly comments from North Korean official Choe Son Hui overnight denouncing vice-president Mike Pence as a "political dummy", and in effect warning the US of nuclear war. But a shift in position was already in motion in the preceding 36 hours.
Reports that Trump was having second thoughts first emanated last weekend after North Korea abruptly cancelled a planned summit with South Korea, and warned about any US plans to impose the so-called Libya model of denuclearisation on North Korea.
Ahead of a meeting with South Korean president Moon Jae-in on Tuesday in the Oval Office, the US president indicated that the June 12th meeting might not go ahead, and appeared to be particularly unhappy at Mr Kim's recent second visit to China.
Further light was shed on the matter during secretary of state Mike Pompeo's appearance before the Senate foreign relations committee on Thursday, when he told lawmakers that North Korean officials had not responded to inquiries from the American side over the past few days about the summit's preparations. All eyes will now be on the response from Pyongyang.
The shock development unfolded in Washington hours after North Korea appeared to destroy its Punggye-ri nuclear site in the presence of foreign journalists – a key concession ahead of the summit.
The last few weeks have also witnessed a string of concessions by Pyongyang – but very few by the United States, as Mr Trump has repeatedly pointed out. The release of three US hostages, the commitment to halt nuclear activity and the destruction of the Punggye-ri site have been symbolically important concessions from Mr Kim's perspective.
That the US has now abruptly pulled out of the summit is likely to be seen as a massive breach of trust despite Mr Trump's emollient language in his letter.
Mr Trump's decision has also implications for North Korea's neighbours. The cancellation will be a major personal blow to South Korean president Moon Jae-in, who has played a key role in the thawing of relations between Washington and Pyongyang in recent months, which began in earnest with the attendance of a North Korean delegation at the Winter Olympics in February in South Korea.
Just this week the US president praised Mr Moon for taking a more open approach to North Korea than some of his predecessors, lauding his role in the process. But it appears that Seoul had little indication that Thursday's decision was in the offing.
Mr Moon called an emergency late-night meeting of his cabinet and advisers following the announcement. "We are trying to figure out what President Trump's intention is and what its exact meaning is," the president's spokesman told reporters.
Hawkish wings
While Mr Trump's decision is unlikely to cost him much political support – it will delight many in the more hawkish wings of the Republican Party – the implications of his diplomatic flip-flopping could be profound. Not only is the US back at square one when it comes to North Korea, the relationship between the two powers is likely to have been damaged by Mr Trump's failure to follow through with the promised summit.
More than six months after the world appeared to be moving perilously towards nuclear war as North Korea intensified its nuclear activity and Mr Kim and Mr Trump traded insults, the prospect of renewed nuclear tensions has resurfaced as strong as ever.
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Mr Kim
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It is timeOCZ Time to go on adventure with your trusty buddy, BLOB! Blob ventures once again on his quest to find and destroy the Skeleton king! On the way he is troubled by huge bosses that the Skeleton king has sent out to destroy Blob! Will Blob manage to kill the Skeleton king? Do characters really die in video games? Are you ready for your biggest adventure yet?!
The Amazon Adventure takes match 3 to a whole new level! Click on a fish and it dives beneath the surface, then the other fish move forward to take its place and make a match! Watch which way the currents flow to see which direction the fish will go. Be careful not to run out of matches, or the toothy piranha will appear to free up the gridlock! The Amazon Adventure is an innovative match 3 experience that will have you hooked!
When 7 year old Ally follows her cat Through the Glass she begins a strange fantasy adventure. Loosely based on Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking Glass story, the game has beautiful graphics and lots of fun puzzles for all ages.
Bandit is a puppy with an attitude. Follow him on his Big Adventure as he goes from area to area collecting kibble, bones, cheese, ice cream cones, and gifts. The Demo version contains two sample levels. Registering the game will open up the full version with access to all 8 area, with 24 levels total.
Hangman The Wild West II is a new twist of the popular Hangman game. This game has some cool features not available in standard hangman games such as fighting bandits and fun items. There are 4 fun modes: Billy''s Adventure, Dead or Alive, General Mode and Topic Mode. Each mode has its own uniqueness. This game has original western music and playable in 6 different languages: English, Dutch, French, German, Italian and Spanish.


The wild horses of Corolla have survived on the Outer Banks for almost 500 years. Seeing them walk along the beach or on top of the dunes at sunset is a treasured memory for visitors and residents alike. In the last 30 years though, the amount of traffic on the four-wheel drive beach and interactions with horses have skyrocketed.
The only protection that the horses have is in the form of a Currituck County ordinance establishing the laws surrounding the herd. The laws are designed to protect both humans and horses from each other. With the advent of social media however, evidence of lawbreaking is readily available to anyone who knows how to look for it.
This summer there were many posts across Facebook and Instagram of people taking "selfies" with horses. There were pictures and videos of people petting horses, as well as people feeding them too. When confronted, many claimed they were unaware of the laws that make all of these actions illegal.
Here is a handy guide to the laws protecting the wild horses and more importantly, why the laws are there.
It is illegal to feed the Corolla herd at all times. In their time on the Outer Banks, these horses have adapted to their unique home and only eat what grows naturally in their environment. This includes, sea grass, sea oats, acorns, and persimmons.
It does not include pizza and beer, though both of those items have been given to horses in the past. Even items fed to domestic horses normally can harm or potentially kill a member of the Corolla herd. These would include apples, carrots, and other fruits and vegetables.
It is because their digestive systems are so sensitive and cannot process non-native foods that makes feeding so dangerous. Watermelon has been found to be the cause of a few fatalities in the Corolla herd in the past few years. The rind becomes lodged in the horse's intestine which becomes knotted and blocked as the animal tries to manually push it through the digestive system.
Without surgical intervention, the condition is fatal to the horse. Even with surgery, the herd size is diminished because of the rule that once a horse leaves the beach it is not allowed to return.
Horses are very social animals and will become accustomed to contact with humans. If one person pets a horse, the next time that animal sees someone it will expect to get affection again and may approach. This is dangerous for both the person and the horse.
Once a member of the Corolla herd has been deemed habituated, it may be removed from the beach. Again, to never return.
Obviously in order to pet a horse, you would be breaking the 50 foot rule. But this law needs to be addressed separately. It is illegal to be within 50 feet of a wild horse. This rule especially applies to beachgoers in the summer.
When the beach is very crowded in the heat of July and August, it is common for the horses to head to the ocean to get relief from the heat and flies. Often they will walk through many people to get to the water. In a case like this, it is expected that the beachgoers will move back and allow the horses to pass with a wide berth.
Unfortunately, many people have the attitude of "I was here first" and do not move out of the way. This is dangerous for all involved, especially in mating season when horse fights are a common sight.
This is a law that is often overlooked but can have long reaching consequences. It is illegal to entice or bait a wild horse into an interaction. Most often this occurs when people are driving around the 4×4 area of Corolla in hopes of getting pictures.
Trying to entice a wild horse to get closer to your car is dangerous for the occupants, the horse, and the car itself. Again, this can lead to a pattern where the animal will start approaching cars expecting interaction. Earlier this year, a horse was removed from the beach because he was so accustomed to cars that he was following them all the way to the beginning of NC-12.
All of these laws were put into effect for the safety of the public, and for the safety of the wild horses. People who break them may not think they are causing any great damage, but the effects can be long lasting. Hopefully with greater awareness, the need to remove horses from the beach because of human interaction will disappear.
For more information on the Outer Banks, check out our blog.


text:
MOLDOVA: AUTHORITIES HARASS PEACEFUL PROTESTOR
The Moldovan authorities continue to obstruct and harass peaceful protests despite a new law on assembly, Amnesty International said today in response to the detention of a peaceful protestor in the capital Chisinau.
"By harassing peaceful protestors, the authorities violate their obligations to uphold the rights to freedom of assembly, association and expression," said Nicola Duckworth, Director of the Europe and Central Asia Regional Programme.
On the morning of 29 January 2009, Prosecutor Day in Moldova, Anatol Matasaru was detained outside the offices of the Prosecutor General in Chisinau, as he held a one-man protest dressed in a pig suit and using audio equipment to play the sound of a pig squealing. He was protesting about allegedly being ill-treated by police officers in 2006 and the failure by the prosecutors' office to open an investigation following his complaint about the incident. Additionally, he was complaining about two criminal investigations against him which he claims were based on fabricated evidence.
Anatol Matasaru had a sign on his back which read: "Today is my professional day". Also as part of the protest, he displayed images showing pigs in different contexts, with text underneath, which he hung between two trees. The text read: "The prosecutors hide the abuses of the police", "Moldova - a state controlled by police", "No to police terror", "No to fabricated files", and "Stop fabricating the charges".
Anatol Matasaru was detained for approximately five hours and charged with not properly informing the mayor, failure to abide by the orders of the police, resisting arrest, and insulting the police and the prosecutors. He alleges that he was punched by a police officer while in detention.
Anatol Matasaru had been previously arrested on 18 December 2008 as he was preparing a similar protest, using a piglet and donkey. The piglet was dressed as a prosecutor and the donkey as a police officer. Anatol Matasaru was charged with similar offences and on 22 December 2008 he was found guilty and fined 200 lei (£13). He appealed the sentence which is still pending before the Chisinau Court of Appeal.
On 22 February 2008 the Moldovan parliament passed a new law on assembly, which came into force on 22 April and marked a significant step towards greater freedom of expression in Moldova. Organizers of public events have to inform local authorities of the event, but are no longer required to seek permission, and assemblies of less than 50 individuals can meet spontaneously without notification. The law also stipulates that assemblies can only be prohibited by a court.
Despite these provisions, police and local authorities continue to restrict freedoms of assembly, association and expression. Since the new law came into force, the police have obstructed more than 30 peaceful protests. More recently, Amnesty International has observed that such interferences have included detaining protestors ahead of their demonstrations.
The rights to freedom of assembly, association and expression are guaranteed by various international human rights standards to which Moldova is a state party, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Furthermore, it is well established in international law that officials should tolerate more, rather than less, criticism than private individuals. The European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly emphasized that the right to freedom of expression applies not only to information or ideas that are favourably received or regarded as inoffensive or as a matter of indifference, but also to those that offend, shock or disturb.


"We broke up." He sent a message on WhatsApp to her. He kept staring at the phone for her response for the next ten minutes, but there was none. He was clearly upset.
There was a knock at the door and then a voice spoke – his favorite person in life – "It's me." He opened the door and let her in.
"Don't tell me that you broke up again." Curious, she was.
"We did!" He did not speak another word.
"Two break-ups in the past eleven months. This is not good for you." She said looking into his wet eyes.
It took thirty minutes for her to convince him that whatever happened was for good.
The mood in the air changed. He smiled. She smiled. They went out of the room happily. She raced on the road, as usual, to their favorite spot. She ordered two Chocolate Sundaes before he was about to say, "Chocolate Sundae for me." He smiled. It was like this. Every time, he would want to tell something to her, before which she would do that. He would smile happily. She knew him bit-by-bit. And, she was his habit.
"What a girl expect in love?" He asked.
"Love and security, what else it could be?" She answered in a happy tone. She knew, for sure, he would not discuss more on the topic.
She never disappointed him in their friendship. It was always, "yes-yes" to all his requests. They were standing in the beach holding hands of each other. The waves touched their feet now and then. They were enjoying the evening recalling some of the sweetest memories and adding treasures to their photo collections.
Two hours or might be three hours had gone by. They did not worry about the time, but her dad did. They had to leave.
He smiled. She smiled. As usual. And, she left to home.
She updated her status on WhatsApp, "♥ love-struck ♥".
And, they lived happily ever after.
Was expecting a longer story, coz you'd said it took you all night to write.
I don't know why I kind of knew what was coming since I read – they were friends for 15 years. It is a weird situation when people don't realize in time who is the most closest to them.. who is their real soul mate. May be that't the beauty or absurdity of life.
Yes, that's the beauty of life. Glad you liked it. Thank you so much Megha..
Hi Sarav! I have nominated your beautiful blog for the Very Inspiring Blog Award for I find your blog a real inspiring one. 🙂 Thank You.


Now it has gone to 10.1 with a fasting blood sugar of 329. while at my first diabetic management appointment, the nurse showing me how to test my blood sugar got a 428, stuck a needle of insulin in me, and sent me home with vials and needles.. Sir, i have fasting blood sugar level of 132 and non fasting level 179( two hrs after meals) and urine sugar g 1.5%, my age is 48 , male not relevant? ask a doctor now. view answer. is sugar in urine sample with blood sugar being 132 a cause for concern? md.. However, if you have normal fasting blood sugar, but you have risk factors for diabetes or symptoms of diabetes, your doctor may decide to do a glucose tolerance test (see below) to be sure that.
Doctors give unbiased, helpful information on indications, contra-indications, benefits, and complications: dr. lewy-weiss on my fasting blood sugar is 130: isn't usually diagnosed off of 1 fasting blood sugar & 1 postprandial sugar alone.. Is a blood sugar level of 132 too high for a normal person? i'm a 25 year old female, normal height and weight. i was at a carnival today and had a funnel cake, and later an ice cream cone..
Obviously, if your fasting blood sugar is over 140 mg/dl (7.7 mmol/l) and goes up after each meal, you are going to be spending many hours a day in the danger zone and lowering your fasting blood sugar does become a huge issue. fortunately, it is also one that can be solved.. I have tested my blood sugar level it is 132 fasting (8 hour fasting) and 118 mg/dl (post lunch) please advice? about a month back my sugar levels were 189 mg/dl (fasting) and 289 mg/dl post lunch. after 8 days 140 mg/dl (fasting) and 190 mg/dl (post lunch) after 20 days 112 mg/dl (fasting) 140 mg/dl (post luch) two days back 132 mg/dl (fasting.
I have tested my blood sugar level it is 132 fasting (8 hour fasting) and 118 mg/dl (post lunch) please advice? about a month back my sugar levels were 189 mg/dl (fasting) and 289 mg/dl post lunch. after 8 days 140 mg/dl (fasting) and 190 mg/dl (post lunch) after 20 days 112 mg/dl (fasting) 140 mg/dl (post luch) two days back 132 mg/dl (fasting. Sir, i have fasting blood sugar level of 132 and non fasting level 179( two hrs after meals) and urine sugar g 1.5%, my age is 48 , male not relevant? ask a doctor now. view answer. is sugar in urine sample with blood sugar being 132 a cause for concern? md..


Some professionals now choose to take the route of interim work over a long term role in a company. This has become more highly regarded in recent years, particularly in the field of total reward where employees may find that moving from one organisation to another allows them to acquire more experience specialising in different areas.
Talented reward candidates have been highly sought after in recent years since the recession, and as compensation, benefit and reward specialists at Portfolio CBR we are able to find your business the ideal interim or temporary candidate to fill your vacancy.
What is needed to become a reward temp?
If you are a large organisation you may be seeking a candidate with their CIPD, others may prefer to base their hiring strategy on experience in the industry. For instance, while in some roles leadership and project management skills may be an essential requirement, time-keeping and planning are vital for all positions.
The top compensation, benefits and reward candidates excel in negotiating and are excellent at numeracy and strategic thinking.
What does a reward temp do?
Reward covers a variety of areas within HR; the responsibilities of the total reward team include attracting, motivating and retaining employees. This includes structuring pay grades, building strong relationships with employees and directors, providing bonuses and employee welfare benefits such as company cars, childcare and healthcare.
The extent to which a compensation, benefit and rewards temp may have to be experienced in each area can vary depending on the reward strategy of the individual company. Each element is not mutually exclusive, but a successful total rewards program is the art of combining all five effectively and tailored to the specific business.
Who is looking for interim and temp positions?
Interim work is an increasingly popular career choice for professionals seeking flexible and varied employment, while being able to branch out into several areas of their industry and so broadening their skill set and their CV.
Temp jobs in compensation, benefits and reward enable successful candidates to encounter different working environments, train using different systems and face new challenges. It is also an effective and efficient way for both the client and the candidate to gauge the suitability of the situation before committing to any long term arrangement.
Our team of experts are dedicated to placing the right candidates in temporary and interim jobs in compensation, benefits and rewards. If you would like to speak with one of our specialists please call on 020 7650 3190, or email us at recruitment@portfoliocbr.com.


6 Oklahoma businesses are named finalists at the 2017 Business Excellence Awards competing against thousands of businesses from all around North and South America. The awards will be held at The Westin in Houston, TX on February 20, 2017.
Levant Technologies Top 5 Finalist for "Best Of"
Levant Technologies, LLC is excited to announce its nomination for Oklahoma's Best of Business Top Five companies in two categories: Best Web Design Services, and Best Commercial Graphic Design. Nominations are made by OKC.Biz online magazine, courtesy of the Oklahoma Gazette newspaper staff after public voting is compiled.


Your knee ligaments help to keep your knee stable.
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligaments (LCL) are found on either side of your knee joint, and act to limit the amount it can move from side to side. You can sprain or tear your medial collateral ligament if you twist your leg while it's straightened, for example, when being tackled in rugby. Your lateral collateral ligament isn't usually damaged on its own, but you may need to have it repaired if you have damaged other ligaments.
Your anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) form a cross (cruciate) inside your knee. They help to keep your knee stable when the joint is moving backwards and forwards. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are one of the most serious types of knee injury.
If you have injured your medial collateral (MCL) or lateral collateral ligaments (LCL) this could range from a stretching of the ligament (termed Grade 1) to a partial tear (Grade 2) through to a complete tear (Grade 3).
Apart from ligaments there are other soft tissues around your knee that can be injured. Soft tissue means any tissue in your body that isn't bone.
You may tear the meniscus in your knee. You can damage it if you play a sport that involves twisting your upper leg while your foot is planted on the floor. As you get older, your meniscus may become slightly thinner or have micro tears (degenerates). This makes it more likely to tear after a very minor injury.
If you use your knee a lot, for example if you run, you can irritate or tear the tendon that connects your kneecap (patella) to your thigh muscle. This tendon is called the patella tendon and the condition is patella tendonitis.
You may feel or hear a popping or snapping sensation at the time of the injury. You may also find that you can't stand properly on the affected leg, or put your full weight on it.
You may feel a tearing sensation and severe pain if you injure the meniscus in your knee. Pain may develop towards the inside, outside or back of your knee joint (depending on which menisus you injured) and you may see some swelling.
If you have any of these symptoms, a specialist knee consultant is best placed to advise on the exact diagnosis and options for treatment.
Your consultant will ask about your symptoms and examine you. This may include feeling for fluid in your knee joint by pressing gently around your kneecap. He will also ask you to describe how your injury happened, where your pain is and what type of pain it is.
You may be asked to walk, sit or lie down so he can test for injury to your knee ligaments or soft tissues. He will bend and flex your knee and move your leg into different positions. You may also be asked to step, squat or hop.
You may be referred for diagnostic testing, which can include x-rays, MRI, CT or ultrasound.
There are different types of treatment that your consultant may suggest, depending on the type and severity of the damage to your knee. It's important to be patient when recovering from a knee injury. Your injury may take time to fully repair itself, so you may not be able to do all the things you are used to doing for some time. This is explained in individual treatment rehabilitation and will be explained in detail by your consultant and physiotherapist.
You should follow the PRICE procedure to manage any type of soft tissue injury to your knee. PRICE stands for the following.
Protection. Protect your injury from further harm.
Rest. Rest the injury for the first two to three days, then reintroduce movement so you don't lose too much muscle strength.
Ice. Apply a cold compress such as ice or a bag of frozen peas wrapped in a towel to help reduce swelling and bruising. Do this for 15 to 20 minutes every two to three hours. Don't apply ice directly to your skin as it can damage your skin.
Compression. Compress the joint by bandaging it to support the injury and help decrease swelling. Don't leave this on while you sleep.
Elevation. Elevate your knee by resting it above the level of your heart and keeping it supported.
Heat. This includes having a hot bath or using a heat pack.
Alcohol. Drinking alcohol can increase bleeding and swelling in the affected area.
Massaging the injured knee. This can cause more swelling or bleeding.
You can buy over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol to treat mild and moderate pain. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and ketoprofen can help to reduce inflammation and swelling, as well as relieve pain. NSAIDs are available as gels, creams and sprays that you can put directly onto your skin and gently massage in, as well as tablets or capsules that you take by mouth.
Your GP may prescribe stronger painkillers if your pain is severe. Always read the patient information that comes with your medicine and if you have questions, ask your pharmacist or doctor for advice.
If your injury is more severe or complex, your doctor may refer you a consultant orthopaedic surgeon or for more mild cases of injury, a physiotherapist. He or she will develop a programme of rehabilitation exercises to gradually strengthen your knee and stretch your muscles. These exercises will vary depending on the type of injury you have and how severe it is. Your physiotherapist may also use various techniques to help speed up the healing of your knee.
For some types of knee injury, your GP / doctor or physiotherapist may recommend that you have surgery to repair the injury to your knee – especially if other forms of treatment haven't worked. Your doctor will refer you to an orthopaedic consultant for assessment.
You have torn your anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and you do a lot of sport or have also torn the meniscus or your medial collateral ligament. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction involves taking a piece of tendon (usually from your hamstring) to replace the damaged ligament.
Your knee remains painful or locks after an injury to your meniscus.
Rarely, surgery may involve opening up your knee joint to repair it, or you may be able to have a type of keyhole surgery called knee arthroscopy to access the damaged area of your knee.
There are some precautions you can take to try to reduce the risk of damaging your knee ligaments.
Spend 5 to 10 minutes warming up before exercise to increase blood flow to your muscles and reduce the chance of an injury. Many sports professionals advise stretching your muscles after warming up and again after cooling down; however, the benefit of stretching before or after exercise to prevent soft tissue injuries is unproven.