text:
Twitter Releases New Policy on 'Dehumanizing Speech'
HOTLITTLEPOTATO
Louise Matsakis
The social network is also soliciting public feedback for the first time in updating its rules.
Twitter on Tuesday announced a new policy addressing "dehumanizing speech," which will take effect later this year, and for the first time the public will be able to formally provide the company with feedback on the proposed rule.
The policy will prohibit "content that dehumanizes others based on their membership in an identifiable group, even when the material does not include a direct target." It expands upon Twitter's existing hateful conduct policy prohibiting users from threatening violence or directly attacking a specific individual on the basis of characteristics such as race, sexual orientation, or gender. Twitter's users, especially women and minority groups, long have complained that the company's rules have been ineffective and inconsistent in addressing harassment and abuse.
"We obviously get reports from people about content that they believe violates our rules that does not. The dehumanizing content and the dehumanizing behavior is one of the areas that really makes up a significant chunk of those reports," says Del Harvey, Twitter's vice president of trust and safety. She adds that many Twitter users, as well as researchers who study dehumanizing speech's real-world effects, told the company allowing that content to stay was "deeply problematic."
Susan Benesch, whose research Twitter cites in its announcement, defines dehumanizing speech as "describing other people in ways that deny or diminish their humanity," like comparing them to insects, demons, or bacteria. The Dangerous Speech Project she founded and directs argues that it's one hallmark of a wider category called "dangerous speech," which covers any form of expression that can increase the risk that an audience will participate in or accept violence against another person or group.
"Dehumanization is important since it leads to real harm; it's just challenging to define precisely, and it's critical to protect freedom of speech as well," says Benesch. "This initiative shows that Twitter staff are thinking hard about the variety of offline harms to which online content can lead, and trying to reduce them. It's easiest for platforms to respond to more obvious forms of harm, such as a credible threat of violence directed at a named, specific person."
Previously on Twitter, a comment like "all women are scum and should die" would need to be targeted at an individual to break Twitter's rules. The new policy would remove the requirement that a user who is potentially a member of the protected class be referenced or discussed in the tweet itself.
'Our hope is that actually having this feedback period will serve to bring people sort of along with us on the process.'
Del Harvey, Twitter
News that Twitter was considering a policy on dehumanizing speech first broke in August, as major tech companies like YouTube and Facebook moved to ban conspiracy theorist Alex Jones from their platforms. Twitter initially declined to follow suit, and CEO Jack Dorsey defended his company's decision by arguing that Jones had not broken the rules. (Media outlets like CNN went on to point out multiple instances where Jones did appear to violate Twitter policies.) After the judgment caused an uproar at Twitter, Harvey sent an email to staff that she was "shifting our timeline forward for reviewing the dehumanization policy."
Twitter is giving users two weeks to comment on the new rule via a survey form; questions include whether the policy is clear and how it could be improved. It will be available in English, Spanish, Arabic, and Japanese. "Historically we have been less transparent than, quite frankly, I think is ideal about our policies and how we develop them," says Harvey, who has worked at the company for more than a decade. "Our hope is that actually having this feedback period will serve to bring people sort of along with us on the process."
Twitter also has a so-called Trust and Safety Council, made up of third-party nonprofits and other organizations that are consulted on new policies. The company will process the feedback and then continue its normal internal procedure for new rules.
After the dehumanizing speech statute becomes a permanent part of Twitter's rules, the hardest work of actually enforcing it will begin. Unlike, say, a cryptocurrency scam, dehumanizing speech might be difficult to spot—in part because it's dependent on context and hard to exactly define.
"Not all dangerous speech has dehumanizing language, and not all comparisons of human beings with animals are dehumanizing," says Benesch. "Twitter and other platforms should be careful not to define dehumanization too broadly. For example, it's tempting to say that any demeaning remark about a group of people, such as 'the X people are all thieves' or 'all corrupt' is dehumanizing. That one is not dehumanizing, since corruption is a specialty of humans."
Recent real-world incidents have proved challenging for other social media companies to police effectively. Facebook, for instance, has been accused of helping to facilitate the Muslim Rohingya crisis in Myanmar, which the UN is now calling to prosecute as genocide. Buddhist leaders in the country used the platform to spread misinformation and hate speech, including comparing Rohingya to dogs and pests. (Facebook already prohibits users from publishing "violent or dehumanizing speech.")
Twitter's new policy is part of a greater soul-searching initiative the company announced in March, after it was widely criticized for allowing misinformation and automated bots to flourish on its platform during the lead-up to the 2016 US presidential election. Since then, Twitter has limited the influence of suspicious accounts, deleted more than 140,000 third-party apps that violated its policies, and begun hiding tweets from potentially harmful users, among other efforts.
The fight against dehumanizing speech is only the latest part of that effort. Hate groups that use the platform to spread their messages would likely be impacted, for example, even if they're not harassing a specific individual. But a rule against dehumanization won't help in circumstances where harassment is facilitated through lying or misinformation. Conspiracy theorist Alex Jones' claims that school shootings never happened wouldn't necessarily be addressed by the policy, but they're still extremely harmful nonetheless.
What's more, Twitter may need to decide what to do about high-profile users like President Donald Trump, who once tweeted that Democrats want illegal immigrants "to pour into and infest our Country." The company historically has allowed for world leaders whose statements may violate policies but also are newsworthy. "It's not something where it's set in stone," says Harvey. "It's something we're going to be continuing to explore."
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Looking for more? Sign up for our daily newsletter and never miss our latest and greatest stories
Louise Matsakis is a freelance writer covering tech. She was formerly a staff writer at WIRED covering Amazon, TikTok, and digital platforms.
Topicstwitterhate speech
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If so, can you please post a link to a Litmus testing demonstrating this across all iOS devices?
Here's a test of it working; it works everywhere for me.
It won't work on email addresses or web addresses that are just entered as plain text. They should always be linked properly and styled.
It doesn't work on your iOS device in Mail?


Regina – Many of the people who took part in the Regina Rally for Resources said they wanted to support Premier Scott Moe in his fight against the federally-imposed carbon tax. On April 4, at the culmination of the massive convoy and following rally, Moe professed his support for them.
The premier, who, in his previous portfolio as Minister of the Environment, had walked out of a ministers' meeting where the federal carbon tax was announced, was in his element, with approximately 1,500 people present. The room's partitions were all opened up, and facility workers were sending additional attendees to a room across the hall to watch on a video screen. It was, quite literally, standing room only.
"This convoy, your convoy, has converged here in our province's capital city, but it came from all across our great province, from almost every sector in our economy. We have trucks here from the energy sector. We have trucks here from agriculture, from mining, from manufacturing. They're all here from all parts of our economy today and the fact that you are here tells me something about your values.
"It tells me something about your character. It tells me something about your families, your coworkers, and you communities you live in. It tells me you care about the future of this province and you care about the future of this great nation we all live in," Moe said.
"Today, you, we, all of us together, we're sending a message from coast to coast to coast that is as clear as prairie sky, and it's a message to the prime minister of this nation. It's time we came together to defend our world class resource industries, the industries that create wealth, they create hoe, and they create opportunity, all across Canada.
"It's time for us to work together to bring down the barriers to responsible resource development and the thousands of jobs that we all know that come with that responsible resource development. It's time for us to roll back that destructive carbon tax that will do nothing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A carbon tax that will do nothing but kill jobs and drive investment out of our province and out of our communities," he said, saying that it's time to get Saskatchewan, and Canada, working again.
He offered thanks for all the support received, now, and for Premier Brad Wall before him.
He welcomed Manitoba as an ally.
Moe said the Liberal government in Ottawa has not been helpful on any of those three points.
He pointed out that NDP Leader Ryan Meili was not present. "As you heard this past week, the NDP Leader decided not to come today because he thinks this rally is motivated by anti-immigrant sentiments. Of course, we all know that's nonsense. This rally is motivated by policy decisions that have been made by our federal government that restrict the growth of our province, that restrict the growth of our economy, that restrict the growth in our jobs in our communities that we all live in, and they restrict the growth of our population in those communities.
He pointed out 165,000 people came to Saskatchewan, of which 123,000 came from 180 countries to settle in over 430 communities. "They moved here because of the opportunity, because there's hope, and because there's a job. They moved here, to build a career, to create a business or raise a family, to contribute to this province that we love. And we are grateful that they chose this province of Saskatchewan.
"But ladies and gentlemen, as we know, none of this is why the NDP leader is not attending here today. I think we can all agree on this. The real reason that Mr. Meili is not here today is that he actually supports a Trudeau carbon tax. The real reason he is not here today is he actually opposes the construction of pipelines. And the real reason he's not here today is because he has absolutely no interest in hearing from anyone, meaning you, that doesn't share his point of you. It's pretty clear to me the NDP does not support you. And why on earth would any of you support them?" Moe said.
"Meanwhile in Ottawa we have a federal government that is displaying its own kind of contempt. If the federal government actually generally wanted, and was concerned, and wanted to support our workers in Saskatchewan, in Western Canada and across the nation, it would kill Bill C-69 immediately. There's no better example, to my knowledge, of any anti-worker legislation in this country than that bill, Bill C-69, the 'no more pipelines bill,' as it's been dubbed. The no more potash mine bill, I would add to that. The no more uranium mine bill, I would add to that. The no more industry in Saskatchewan bill, I would add to that.
"In Canada, we already have one of most stringent environmental review processes in the world. This is a process we can be so proud of. Billions of dollars are spent by private industry, surprise, each and every year, ensuring that our projects are in compliance with environmental laws. You tell me this, what country in the world has a more stringent environmental process?
"Do the countries that deliver oil by tanker to Eastern Canada, to Eastern Canadian ports, have a stronger law than Western Canada? I think not," Moe said.
"Does Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Venezuela, Iraq, do they care about the environment more than we do in Western Canada? My friends, we don't need a major overhaul of our Canadian environmental process. What we need is an environmental review process that works for you and all Canadians. What we are getting, is Bill C-69, which essentially, by the way, killed Energy East.
"Now well all know Energy East, the value to use in Saskatchewan, but it's also a nation-building project, in every respect. It would create jobs in almost every province in the nation of Canada. A project that would displace oil coming from these countries I mentioned that have such lower environmental rigour laws, and the liberal government said no, no to Energy East. Just like they said no to the Northern Gateway pipeline, with Bill C-48, the tanker ban.
"Here's the consequence of continuing to say no. When you say no often enough, people start to get the message. Investors get the message. They understand they just aren't welcome. And as we know, in our industries, capital is very mobile, and it's moving south in many cases. We have billions of dollars now that is moving into North Dakota, it's moving into Texas and it's moving into New Mexico.
"Here in Canada, we have the third largest proven oil reserves in the world. It's clean, it's sustainably produced energy, yet we don't have, we don't get world prices for our energy because we just simply can't build a pipeline across this great nation of ours.
Moe explained, "Those dollars build hospitals. They build highways. They build schools. They build long-term care centres for our families. These are the infrastructure and services that these resource industries support, in Saskatchewan and across Canada. And today, because of the challenges that we have, it is so much more difficult for us to contribute to the nation. And we are a proud contributor. But through these investments, we contribute. Through equalization, we contribute. We are contributing less, because our resource sector, and as a matter-of-fact, all of our sectors, are under attack.
"They're under attack from a federal government that has introduced Bill C-69, Bill C-48. We have tougher federal methane regulations that we're working towards. And now, ladies and gentlemen, as of last week we have a carbon tax in our province.
"A carbon tax that was described by many of your MLA, the member for Weyburn, our environment minister, the Hon. Dustin Duncan, and I quote, 'A Justin Trudeau, Ralph Goodale, Liberal Party of Canada, job-killing, soul-sucking, unconstitutional, supported by the Saskatchewan NDP carbon tax!" he said to hoots and applause.
Here, Moe touched on something that Meili had called upon him to say, regarding anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change.
Moe went on, "But don't get me wrong. In Saskatchewan, we accept that climate change is happening. We even accept that humans are contributing to that. What we don't accept is a federal government imposing that on our industries, our provinces, and our families across the nation. In particular, this province, which I have the honour of representing.
"The federal government's own research says this isn't going to work in the province of Saskatchewan. And that shouldn't be a surprise, because it hasn't actually worked anywhere else that it's been introduced. It certainly hasn't worked in British Columbia, where they've had it over a decade, where emissions continue to rise.
"A carbon tax, quite simply, is the wrong policy for a jurisdiction like ours, with an export-orientated, energy-intensive economy that we participate in. It's the wrong policy, quite frankly, for Canada.
He spoke of the Saskatchewan government's "Prairie Resilience" climate change strategy. He characterized it as "a plan that recognizes the reality of our province, and recognizes the reality of the industries that operate in our province and it actually reduces emissions in our province, unlike the carbon tax. The difference between the two is that our Prairie Resilience strategy was actually designed alongside industry. We worked with industry to achieve what is possible.
"We want to continue to encourage our Saskatchewan industries to find innovative solutions, and there's a key word, innovation, to ensure we continue to do better for that next generation. We all have kids, and we all care.
"For example, our SaskPower Company is expanding their renewable capacity. We're moving to 50 per cent renewables in our generating capacity by the year 2030. We've invested more than a billion dollars in a world-leading carbon capture project at Boundary Dam 3, near Estevan.
Moe said, "Here's the opportunity, that we have, in the world, moving forward, with carbon capture. In the last five years alone, China has added 191,000 megawatts of coal-fired power generation – just coal-fired. That's about 150 per cent of what Canada does each and every year, total. All new. All coal. And that's just in China.
"Today there are 1,600 new coal-fired power plants being built, or planned, around the world. Imagine the possibility for emissions reductions with innovations like carbon capture and storage.
"The work we have done in Estevan, at Boundary Dam 3, and I saw 'we' collectively, as a province, will have more impact on greenhouse gas emissions than a federal carbon tax can ever actually hope.
"The innovation in carbon capture and storage needs to be recognized. The federal government should also recognize the contribution of clean, sustainable, nuclear power industry around the world that is supplied by Saskatchewan uranium. It should acknowledge the work, the great work, that is done in our agriculture industry.
"The role our farmers and ranchers, our researchers and equipment manufacturers have played in reducing global emissions is tremendously valuable, and not talked about enough.
"Not only are we carbon neutral in our crop agriculture in this province, no one else in the world can actually make that statement but this province.
"We manufacture and export air drills now all around the world. I think of Bourgault, I think of Seedhawk, Seedmaster. I think of Morris. I think of Pillar Laser and I probably missed some but there's so much more. We export those to places like Russia and Kazakhstan and the United States, where they're using that technology to actually using that technology, that innovation, that was actually developed by you in this room, and us in this province, to reduced carbon emissions in those far away places.
Moe concluded, "Let me close with this: We continue, in this nation, to have the wrong conversation. We need to change the conversation. We need to shift our focus away from an ineffective carbon tax towards innovation and technology and what research and science can do for us.
"In Saskatchewan, we've already done that. We're already making a difference in all of these areas, in all of our industries. In Saskatchewan we're making a difference in in our fields. We're making a difference in our research labs. We're making a difference at the bottom of our mine shafts, at the top of our oil derricks, and we're making a difference on the highway, each and every time we drive one of those trucks down them. Saskatchewan is making a difference across this nation by leading the opposition to a federal carbon tax.


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Civilians refuse to cooperate with the Sudanese army
July 6, 2022 Steven Addamah News 0
Sudan's main civilian bloc on Tuesday rejected a proposal by coup leader General Abdelfattah al-Burhane to make way for a civilian government, denouncing a "tactical retreat" designed to maintain the army's influence in the country.
The Forces for Freedom and Change (FLC), the backbone of the civilian government ousted in the putsch led by the army chief on 25 October 2021, called for "continued mobilization" against the military rule on the sixth day of anti-putsch sit-ins in the capital and its suburbs.
During the "revolution" that overthrew another military leader, the dictator Omar al-Bashir, in 2019, the demonstrators had maintained their sit-ins for eight months. They then got the army to share power with civilians from the FLC to lead the country to its first democratic elections.
General Burhane's putsch brutally changed the situation in October. His announcement to give way to a civilian government – in effect a return to the status quo before his coup – did not convince the street, which set up new barricades just after his speech on Monday evening.
The civilian bloc denounced "a betrayal" and a way for the army – in control of Sudan almost without interruption since independence in 1956 – to keep the upper hand on politics and the economy.
General Burhane announced that a Supreme Council of the Armed Forces would sit alongside the civilian government, whose prerogatives he did not define.
Abdelfattah al-Burhane
Forces for Freedom and Change
Omar Al Bashir
Libyan Presidential Council announces plan to end crisis
Morocco Switches on Two Gas-Fired Power Plants, Defeating Algeria's Tactics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. AFFIDAVIT BEFORE THE SALES-TAX TRIBUNAL N.A.
2. AFFIDAVIT FOR EXTENDING TIME TO FILE THE INCOME TAX RETURN N.A.
3. AFFIDAVIT FOR RESUMPTION OF INDIAN CITIZENSHIP N.A.
4. AFFIDAVIT IN INCOME-TAX PROCEEDINGS N.A.
5. IN THE APPLICATION FOR ISSUE OF DUPLICATE LICENCE N.A.
8. AFFIDAVIT FOR CONDONATION OF DELAY IN FILING THE APPEAL AGAINST ASSESSMENT ORDER OF SALES TAX OFFICER N.A.
9. AFFIDAVIT OF PROCESS SERVER TO A ACCOMPANY RETURN OF A SUMMONS OR NOTICE N.A.
10. AFFIDAVIT WITH THE APPLICATION FOR AMENDING THE WEALTH-TAX RETURN N.A.
11. AFFIDAVIT WITH THE APPLICATION FOR THE ISSUE OF DUPLICATE EXPORT LICENCE N.A.
12. AFFIDAVIT WITH THE APPLICATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF THE WILL AFTER THE DEATH OF THE TESTATOR N.A.
13. AFFIDAVIT WITH THE APPLICATION FOR THE REGISTRATION OF THE WILL, AFTER THE DEATH OF THE TESTAT0R N.A.
14. AFFIDAVIT WITH THE APPLICATION TO REGIONAL TRANSPORT AUTHORITY FOR DUPLICATE LICENCE N.A.
16. REGARDING CLOSURE OF BUSINESS N.A.
17. REGARDING ISSUE OF DUPLICATE LICENCE FOR EXPORT TRADE CONTROL. N.A.
18. REGARDING NON OWNERSHIP OF ALLEGED BUSINESS N.A.


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David A. Brat & Ann McLane Kuster
Compare the voting records of David A. Brat and Ann McLane Kuster in 2017-18.
David A. Brat
Represented Virginia's 7th Congressional District. This was his 3rd term in the House.
Ann McLane Kuster
Represented New Hampshire's 2nd Congressional District. This was her 3rd term in the House.
David A. Brat and Ann McLane Kuster are from different parties and disagreed on 67 percent of votes in the 115th Congress (2017-18).
But they didn't always disagree. Out of 1144 votes in the 115th Congress, they agreed on 383 votes, including 10 major votes.
May 18, 2018 — Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018
July 25, 2018 — Increasing Access to Lower Premium Plans and Expanding Health Savings Accounts Act of 2018
March 15, 2018 — Financial Institutions Examination Fairness and Reform Act
March 13, 2018 — Endangered Fish Recovery Programs Extension Act of 2017
On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendments with an Amendment
Jan. 30, 2018 — Child Protection Improvements Act of 2017
Nov. 2, 2017 — Protecting Seniors Access to Medicare Act
Sept. 26, 2017 — Increasing Opportunity and Success for Children and Parents through Evidence-Based Home Visiting Act
Sept. 7, 2017 — Thompson of Pennsylvania Amendment No. 15
July 14, 2017 — Byrne of Alabama Amendment No. 17
June 29, 2017 — Kate's Law
June 28, 2017 — Barr of Kentucky Amendment No. 5
May 19, 2017 — Probation Officer Protection Act of 2017
April 26, 2017 — Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1695) to amend title 17, United States Code, to provide additional responsibilities for the Register of Copyrights, and for other purposes
March 2, 2017 — Farenthold of Texas Part A Amendment No. 2
March 1, 2017 — Young of Iowa Part B Amendment No. 3


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A Winter Guide to Responsible Backcountry Recreation
March 20, 2021 ASNF
It's no secret that the pandemic catalyzed the largest backcountry boom in history. Its coverage has been wall-to-wall with national news outlets far from the wild, from NPR, NBC News, New York Times, to the Wall Street Journal picking up on it. When the masses head to the now snow-packed woods without much of a safety net, the questions begin: How can we all share this space, participating responsibly? How can we all enjoy solace and solitude without putting others at risk? How can we expand the outdoor community while maintaining good etiquette toward each other, wildlife, and the natural world?
The Best Backcountry Skiing Gear To Keep You Touring Safely
The questions only multiply when considering all the various disciplines and ways we recreate in public lands. By some estimates, backcountry users have tripled this winter, bringing previously niche sports into the mainstream almost overnight. Ski touring, snowmobiling, snowshoeing, and nordic skiing are as popular as ever, demonstrated with overflowing trailheads, empty shelves at gear shops, and your crazy uncle texting you about avalanche risks every week. But most of the negative impacts are harder to see and evaluate, let alone change.
The Best Online Outdoor Skills Schools
One of the few epicenters of this trend is my mountain town home, Jackson, Wyoming. Famous for its world-class powder, cowboy culture, iconic National Parks, and Kanye West's new ranch, Jackson's 10,000 permanent residents play host to millions of tourists each year. Despite an international health crisis, lockdowns, and peak pandemic fear, we've seen an increase in visitors every month since June, compared to the previous year. This rapid influx is venturing past the ski resort and popular restaurants, often into the backcountry, and often without a full-fledged understanding of how they impact others.
An Avalanche Expert's Tips on Spring Backcountry Safety
Instead of condemning the boom, the Bridger-Teton National Forest staff and its nonprofit partner, Friends of the Bridger-Teton, took steps to lead by example and help people recreate more responsibly. Together, they created a series of films which highlight community members exemplifying good etiquette and safe backcountry travel. These aren't your typical PSAs with strict rules and formal procedures, but instead voices of locals that highlight the issues, risks, and love of the backcountry.
Through their stories, including close calls with avalanches, wildlife, and hordes of other backcountry users, these characters set an example as good role models to follow. These same issues exist in mountain towns across the West, from Tahoe to Telluride, Bend to Bozeman, and Park City to Taos.
Sled Responsibly from Friends of the Bridger-Teton on Vimeo.
How to Support the Stressed Outdoor Destinations You Love
Winter wildlife from Friends of the Bridger-Teton on Vimeo.
Guidelines for Responsible Outdoor Adventures During the Coronavirus Pandemic
The New Rules of the Outdoors During the Outbreak
Returning to sports and physical activity after COVID-19: What parents need to know
How 100% Capri Is Disrupting the Luxury Travel Retail Scene


tens in a typical scenario.
pressed in both X and X' directions because they are coupled by the /-function.
to turn looks like in Fig. lb.
FIGURE 1. Beam cooling by a ring cooler (a) and linear cooler with decreasing p-function (b).
76CH0300 with the U. S. Department of Energy.
Balbekov, V.I. & Van Ginneken, A. Muon collider ring cooler, article, March 1, 1998; Batavia, Illinois. (https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc703903/m1/2/: accessed April 20, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries, Digital Library, https://digital.library.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries Government Documents Department.


text:
Puja Guha
Puja Guha, author
"An endearing tale of love, loss, and healing..." - The US Review of Books
The Kiterunner meets Monsoon Wedding during revolution in the Middle East.
The story of an Indian woman adopting her son as she brings her estranged family back together in fictionalized Sudan and Calcutta.
In 2045, Naina Ranjeeva writes a letter to recount the journey that led to the adoption of her son Nikhil. Decades earlier, she stumbles upon a lead on the location of her aunt,who had disappeared when Naina was just a child. After her aunt's disappearance, Naina's family also completely lost contact with her beloved younger cousin, Nitu. With her aunt's location in hand, Naina takes the first step toward locating her cousin by traveling to the Republic of East Africa to search for her aunt. Her journey eventually leads her to Calcutta where she finds her cousin Nitu and his three-year-old son Nikhil. After two decades apart, the family starts to bridge the gap caused by years of separation, within the backdrop of political turmoil and revolution in East Africa.
Plot/Idea: 6 out of 10
Originality: 7 out of 10
Prose: 7 out of 10
Character/Execution: 4 out of 10
Overall: 6.00 out of 10
Prompted by her adult son Nikhil's own impending fatherhood, Naina writes a long letter to her son explaining the circumstances of his adoption, which had previously been kept secret from him. Her account delves deep into family history as well as the politics of the Republic of East Africa. Informed by the author's own travels, the narrative's settings are evocative; less compelling are the plot and characters, which feel like they hold great personal significance for the author but lack the drama and development needed to resonate more broadly.
Date Submitted: July 14, 2016


My jewelry box is a hot mess. I no longer need to elaborate on how the earrings are all mixed up, the necklaces all tangled up and basically it takes me 15 minutes sometimes just to find the accessory I want!
After some tidying up, this is my reorganized drawer! Woo hoo!
I simply put my earrings in small ziplock bags to prevent them from tangling up, especially for the chained ones!
I also kept my necklaces and pendants in bags so that I need not rummage through the whole box just to find a necklace. Usually they get so tangled up and buried below the heap of earrings that I take the longest to find them.
The only thing I left unbagged were the earrings that came with their own boards and these earrings that are too small to get tangled up with any other piece.
To keep my stud earrings from getting buried, I now placed them alongside the ring section.
At least I will no longer take too long to look for a pair of earrings!!! Thank goodness!
What takes you longer-- looking for makeup or looking for accessories? Or in other words, what do you own more of-- jewelry or make up? Do tell me in the comments box!


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Low Carb High Fat (LCHF) är en kost med lågt intag av kolhydrater (Low Carb, "lite kolhydrater") och högt intag av fett (High Fat, "mycket fett"), den strikta varianten kan vara en ketogen kost.

Den påstås fungera som metod för kontroll av blodsocker och för viktminskning. Än så länge finns få vetenskapliga studier av kosten, särskilt på längre sikt, och kunskapen om dess effekter är därför begränsad. Några studier av kost med lågt kolhydratintag har visat positiva effekter för typ-2-diabetiker under upp till två år.

Teoretisk bakgrund
Förkortningen LCHF består egentligen av två koncept: LC (low-carb, "lite kolhydrater") och HF (high-fat, "mycket fett"). LCHF har sina paralleller i, och bygger vidare på, tankar i de uppmärksammade dieterna Atkinsdieten och stenålderskost. Många GI-metoder omfattar en initial kraftig minskning av kolhydratsintaget under ett par veckor, liknande den vid LCHF (till exempel "rivstarten" i GI Viktkolls modell), men kan inte riktigt jämföras med LCHF eftersom det handlar om val av kolhydrater, långsamma framför snabba.

LC
Teorin bakom LC (lågt kolhydratintag) kan kortfattat beskrivas på följande sätt: Kolhydrater, snabba såväl som långsamma, bryts i kroppen ned till enkla sockerarter för att kunna användas som energi i form av glukos. Därmed stiger blodsockret som i sin tur driver på insulinproduktionen med höga socker- och insulinvärden som följd.

Med lågt intag av kolhydrater i kosten får man lägre blodsockerhalt och därmed lägre insulinvärden. I avsaknad av kolhydraternas energi måste energi istället tillföras i form av protein och/eller fett. Försök som publicerats i the Lancet 1956 visar att viktminskning till viss del beror på att energi i form av intaget fett inte tas upp av kroppen till lika stor del som energi från protein eller kolhydrat. Detta skulle alltså tala mot teorin om att "en kalori alltid är en kalori" oavsett vad den kommer ifrån. En diet bestående av 1000 kcal om dygnet från fett gör eventuellt att man går ner i vikt fortare än 1000 kcal från protein, och i synnerhet 1000 kcal från kolhydrater. I en nyare studie från 2009 där man kontrollerade dieten hos 811 överviktiga personer i kombination med analys av avföring och motion talar dock för teorin att det är det totala kaloriintaget och inte typen (fett, protein eller kolhydrater) som påverkar vikten. I en rapport från SBU 2013 där ett stort antal studier jämförts drog man samma slutsats. Andra studier har visat att kolhydratfattig kost förvisso kan påverka vikten kortsiktigt, men främst i form av att kroppens vattenmängd minskar.

HF
Teorin bakom HF (högt fettintag) kan kortfattat beskrivas på följande sätt: Människan är beroende av intag av vissa fettsyror hon svårligen kan syntetisera själv. Detta gäller långkedjigt omega-3 och omega-6. Dessa fetter finns främst i kött, vegetabilier, nötter, frön, fisk, och alger.

Balansen mellan långkedjigt omega-3 och omega-6 bör vara 1:1 då fleromättat fett kräver rik tillgång till antioxidanter för att neutralisera de fleromättade fetternas frisättande av ohälsosamma fria radikaler med mera. Helt klara linjer finns inte, men många LCHF:are föredrar och rekommenderar ofta naturligt förekommande animaliskt mättat fett framför industriellt processat fett från växtriket eller djurriket. Icke hårt processade fetter från växtriket accepteras.

Vetenskapligt stöd
Metoden är kontroversiell när det gäller diabetes; Socialstyrelsen skriver "Det är ännu oklart om extrem lågkolhydratkost kan vara bra vid diabetes, eftersom det saknas vetenskapligt underlag för att bedöma långsiktiga effekter och långsiktiga risker". "Om en person ändå väljer att pröva extrem lågkolhydratkost är det viktigt att hälso- och sjukvården kan ge information om hur denna typ av kost är sammansatt samt följa upp personens hälsotillstånd och vad kosten har för effekt." (sid 24).  En artikel från 2015 uttrycker tvärtom åsikten att lågkolhydratkost (<130 gram per dag) borde vara den första åtgärden i behandling av diabetes, istället för medicinering.

För närvarande finns det frågeställningar kring hur pass skadligt fett verkligen är för hälsan. Flera senare studier visar att LCHF fungerar för att gå ned i vikt på ett till två års sikt, dock inte bättre än andra viktminskningsmetoder. Det finns anledning att se över mängden fett i maten samt vilken typ av fettrika livsmedel som medelålders och äldre konsumerar då vetenskapliga studier har visat att en för hög andel fett i maten kan leda till undernäring hos äldre.

Flera svenska dietister, forskare och läkare varnar för dietens effekter på hälsan och beskriver den som "den farligaste modedieten vi haft" och "ett hot mot folkhälsan". Läkare har också särskilt varnat för att ge LCHF till barn med typ 1-diabetes. I en rapport från SBU 2013 där ett stort antal studier analyserades, konstaterades att det inte har upptäckts någon signifikant generell skillnad i de långsiktig viktminskning mellan olika dieter. 2014 skrev Time magazine på sitt omslag "Eat butter" och hävdar att nya stora meta-studier visar på att det inte finns någon ökad risk med att äta mättat fett vilket LCHF-förespråkare också hävdar.

WHI 2006
I denna studie följdes ca 50 000 postmenopausala kvinnor mellan 50 och 79 år som inte hade genomgått hysterektomi under 8 år. Studien anses kunna ge stöd för att ifrågasätta teorin att fett eller mättat fett skulle ge hjärtsjukdom. Knappt hälften av studiens deltagare randomiserades till lågfettskost och drog ner rejält på fettintaget, samt åt mer frukt och grönt. Resultatet blev ingen minskning av risken för hjärtsjukdom. Faktum var att för de redan hjärtsjuka fanns en liten tendens till ökad risk i lågfettsgruppen, som var statistiskt signifikant. Ingen minskad cancerrisk sågs.

Gardner 2007
När det gäller viktnedgång kom våren 2007 en jämförande studie mellan Atkinsdieten, the Zone, LEARN och Ornish, publicerad i JAMA. Viktnedgången på 12 månader skilde sig inte signifikant mellan Atkinsdiet och de två sistnämnda.

Ludwig 2012
I en studie som publicerades 2012 uppmättes en cirka 300 kilokalorier högre förbränning per dag hos personer som åt lågkolhydratkost. Studien innefattade 32 deltagare, varav  17 män och 15 kvinnor. 11 av deltagarna genomförde ej studien till dess slut. Studien var tre gånger fyra veckor där deltagarna fick äta tre olika dieter med konstant mängd kalorier. Kritiker mot studien menar att skillnaden i uppmätt förbränning är orsakad av att kroppen binder olika mycket vatten vid olika dieter.

Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU) 2013
I september 2013 utkom SBU med en omfattande rapport där tidigare vetenskapliga studier utvärderas. I rapporten drar man slutsatsen att på lång sikt finns inga skillnader i effekt på viktnedgång mellan lågkolhydratkost, lågfettkost, högproteinkost, medelhavskost, kost inriktad på låg glykemisk belastning eller kost med hög andel enkelomättade fetter. En del i detta bedömer SBU beror på ändrad följsamhet (sid 35 i sammanfattningen). På kort sikt (6 månader) fanns det dock belägg för att lågkolhydratkost hade en bättre effekt än lågfettkost på vikten, både avseende fettmassa och fettfri massa. Dock konstaterar man att det inte går att dra några slutsatser om risken för hjärt-kärlsjukdomar eller diabetes.

Historik

LCHF-kosten är en mer extrem version av Atkins-dieten och har varit omdebatterad i traditionella (massmedia) och sociala medier, sedan tidigt 2000-tal i Sverige.

I de länder lågkolhydratdieter slagit igenom har de alltid följts av intensiva diskussioner för och emot. Detta avsnitt refererar främst de svenska diskussionerna kring LCHF. Framför allt har det vetenskapliga stödet för Livsmedelsverkets kostrekommendationer respektive LCHF diskuterats och ifrågasatts.

I oktober 2005 startade allmänläkaren Annika Dahlqvist en bloggsida om LCHF. Hon hade året innan provat att banta med en lågkolhydratmetod som förutom viktnedgång även gjorde henne symptomfri från fibromyalgi och magbesvär. Dahlqvist började rekommendera denna kost till sina diabetespatienter på Njurunda vårdcentral.

I december 2005 anmälde två dietister Annika Dahlqvist till socialstyrelsen för att hennes kostråd skulle äventyra patienternas säkerhet.

År 2005 gav journalisten Sten Sture Skaldeman ut sin bok "Ät dig ner i vikt" efter att själv ha gått ner 65 kg med LCHF. Senare samma år gav Lars-Erik Litsfeldt ut boken "Fettskrämd" grundad på egna erfarenheter av hälsoförbättringar och viktminskning av LCHF.

År 2006 uppmanades Annika Dahlqvist av vårdcentralens ledning att upphöra med sina rekommendationer, eftersom de stred mot Livsmedelsverkets kostråd och eftersom de ansågs utgöra ett hot mot vårdcentralens trovärdighet. Annika Dahlqvist sa då upp sig från sin tjänst och intensifierade i stället sitt bloggande och sin föredragsverksamhet.

I maj 2007 försvann Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer för diabetesvård från 1999 från deras hemsida och de bekräftade att riktlinjerna kommer att ses över på grund av nytt kunskapsläge. Detta beräknades vara klart till hösten 2009.

I juli 2007 utkom "Ideologin och pengarna bakom kostråden" av Lars-Erik Litsfeldt och Per Wikholm. Boken argumenterar för att det var politiska beslut under 1950-, 1960- och 1970-talen snarare än folkhälsoforskning som ledde fram till dagens kostråd.

I januari 2008 godkände ADA, American Diabetes Association, lågkolhydratkost som alternativ för typ 2-diabetiker som vill gå ner i vikt.

I ett beslut den 17 januari 2008 avgjorde Socialstyrelsen anmälan mot Annika Dahlqvist vars kostråd inte befanns strida mot vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet, utan godkändes som ett alternativ till tidigare råd vid diabetes typ 2 eller övervikt. I Socialstyrelsens utredning noteras även att "evidens för farlighet inte framkommit i hittills gjorda systematiska litteraturgenomgångar". Detta dock med reservation bland annat för att längre studier än ett år saknas.

Socialstyrelsen tar i "Kost vid diabetes - en vägledning till hälso- och sjukvården" utgiven 2011 upp lågkolhydratkost. Man menar där att det ännu saknas vetenskapligt underlag för att bedöma effekten av kosten vid diabetes och dess eventuella risker över längre tid, men att ett flertal studier pågår och kunskapen väntas öka de närmaste åren.

Kritik av LCHF

Riskargument
Den vanligaste kritiken mot LCHF avser rekommendationen att ersätta kolhydrater med fett, i första hand animaliskt fett. Kritiken bygger på att mättat fett ökar LDL-kolesterolet och att ökat kolesterol ger ökad risk för hjärtinfarkt. Det finns större och tidsmässigt omfattande studier som visar samvariation mellan högt LDL och hjärtinfarkt.

En review i American Journal of Clinical Nutrition har utvärderat flera studier och kommit fram till att byta mättat fett till fleromättat fett har visats varit hälsosamt i att förebygga hjärt-kärlsjukdom i några studier. Men flera studier visade inte heller någon skillnad när man bytte ut mättat fett mot andra typer av fett. Det som framgår klart är att om man ersätter det mättade fettet med kolhydrater kunde andra komplikationer uppstå som ökar risken för hjärt-kärlsjukdomar och fetma. Studien avslutar med åsikten att sambandet mellan mättat fett och hjärt-kärlsjukdomar måste omvärderas.

En annan studie undersökte den japanska efterkrigstidens diet som var baserad på marina djur, frukt, grönsaker, nötter, frön samt bönor, men mycket lite animaliskt fett. Denna diet associerades med de låga nivåerna av LDL, serum-cholesterol och blodtryck och förklarar, enligt författarna, orsaken till de så låga dödsfallen p.g.a. kardiovaskulära sjukdomar och stroke.

En annan ganska vanlig farhåga är att de ketonkroppar som kroppen bildar vid mycket lågt kolhydratintag (varvid man sägs hamna i ketos) skulle innebära risk för ketoacidos. Det senare är ett livshotande tillstånd med vanligaste orsak svår insulinbrist hos diabetiker. Ketos och ketoacidos är normalt två helt olika fysiologiska fenomen. Dock finns ett publicerat patientfall 2004 med ketoacidos hos en person som åt enligt Atkinsdieten.

Det finns indikationer på risker med långsiktig (över ett år) kolhydratfattig kost, bland annat förändringar i humör.

Ketogen diet i samband med minskat vätskeintag kan leda till ökad risk för njursten. Studien inriktar sig på behandling av epilepsi med Ketogen diet. När behandlingen kompletterades med råd att dricka rikligt med vätska försvann symptomen.

Etiska argument

Kritik grundad på miljöaspekter har också kommit fram i debatten. Ett aktuellt exempel är att kor ger ifrån sig växthusgaser. Beräkningar gör gällande att dessa kolväten ger ett större bidrag till växthusgaserna än bilismen och transportsektorn sammanlagt. Bland annat FN ställer sig bakom detta och skriver att modern djurhållning via växthusgaser är en starkt bidragande orsak till ett av dagens allvarligaste miljöproblem, den globala uppvärmningen.
Ett annat argument som styrde den ideologiska debatten på 60- och 70-talet är att animalisk produktion är mer resurskrävande än vegetabilisk och att det är oetiskt att den rika världen använder jordens resurser till detta när många svälter.  Detta argument har nu fått förnyad aktualitet med den nuvarande livsmedelskrisen i världen (2008: de fattiga länder, vars jordbruk slagits ut av dumpade världsmarknadspriser på industriländernas överproduktion av säd och börjat använda marken att odla annat mer lönsamt, har ej längre råd att köpa in maten på grund av stigande världsmarknadspriser). Man menar att den säd som produceras inte ska användas till djuruppfödning utan ska användas direkt som mat. Argumentet förutsätter dock industrivärldens moderna djurhållning med spannmålsfoder till korna, inte den äldre djurhållningen att de ska beta gräs som de är anpassade för.

Resursargument
Ett argument mot att använda åkermark som betesmark är att 70% av all åkermark i Sverige idag går till djurfoder. (på grund av bristande lönsamhet i att slå ängar och annan mark för vinterfoder). Vi importerar också stora mängder proteinrikt foder för att tillgodose behoven i rådande animalieproduktionen. Att låta alla dessa djur bara gå på naturbete i stället är inte hållbart för att skapa den mängd kött och mejeriprodukter som idag konsumeras på grund av att djuren inte växer lika fort eller ger lika mycket mjölk utan tillsatt foder.

Ett annat argument är att den främsta kritiska resursen för industriell uppfödning av djur är fosfor, som används i konstgödseln för fodret och som beräknas nå sin kulmen omkring år 2030 om inget görs.

Samtidigt kan denna kritik mötas genom att produktionen av socker också har stor påverkan på miljön, samt att genom medvetna naturbeten, växelbruk med boskap, kan man använda mark som annars inte skulle kunna användas till matproduktion.

Vem ligger bakom?
Sveriges Radio angav i ett reportage den 30 augusti 2011 att mycket av forskningen bakom LCHF-dieten finansieras av bland annat mejeriföretag och köttindustriorganisationen National Cattlemen's Association. LCHF-förespråkaren Andreas Eenfeldt medger enligt reportaget att detta påverkar trovärdigheten i forskningen, medan Annika Dahlqvist svarar Ekot att "det är ju inte den industriella forskningen vi baserar oss på utan först och främst av våra egna erfarenheter".

Referenser

Se även
Lågkolhydratdiet
Atkinsdieten
Stenålderskost
GI-metoden
Bantning

Externa länkar
Läkartidningen Debatt - om sambandet mellan kostråd, nyckelhålsmärkning och fetma (4 artiklar)
Kostdoktorn - Hemsida som drivs av Andreas Eenfeldt (läkare och specialist i allmänmedicin, samt drivande bakom den svenska LCHF-rörelsen)

Kosthållning
Bantning

en:Low Carb High Fat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
WERTHEIM, SCHRODERS MAY BE PERFECT MATCH
By Joel Chernoff
LONDON - A permanent tie between the asset management businesses of Schroders PLC and Wertheim Schroder & Co. Inc. could make an ideal pairing.
On July 7, London-based Schroders announced it was buying the 50% of Wertheim Schroder's voting stock it didn't already own for about $68 million. Schroders is offering $24 million for 14.7% in non-voting stock held by three institutional investors.
A merger would create an entity with some $85 billion in assets under management - although nearly all would come from Schroders in London.
Still, the two firms' asset management businesses fit hand-in-glove, and provide some areas for future exploration.
Tony Coelho, president, chief executive officer of Wertheim Schroder Investment Services Inc. and managing director of Wertheim Schroder, said there is "a natural fit" between the two groups' products, given Schroder'sinternational focus and Wertheim's U.S. orientation.
He said Wertheim will remain independent and will not experience any management changes. "We are assuring our clients that nothing changes here," Mr. Coelho said.
George Mallinckrodt, Schroders' chairman, concurred the organizations are remaining separate, though he said there would be greater coordination on research, investment policy and cross-marketing of each other's products.
Where there is potential synergy on the product side, executives for both firms said, is in creating a global bond product. Wertheim Schroder has strong domestic bond capabilities, while Schroder is focused more on its international fixed-income and currency operations, observed David Salisbury, chief executive officer of Schroder Capital Management International.
While matching up nicely, the firms actually are quite different and offer striking contrasts in how they have built their respective businesses.
Since former House majority whip Tony Coelho joined Wertheim Schroder in October 1989, assets under management have grown 360% to $3.7 billion. The firm has expanded its products to a collection of equity, bond and cash strategies and recently started a series of five mutual funds.
Meanwhile, Schroders' assets under management soared 47% to 53 billion ($81.6 billion) in 1993 alone - including 6.5 billion in net new business. One of the U.K.'s biggest balanced managers, the firm produced compound-annualized returns of 32.7% in 1993 and 17.8% for the five years ended Dec. 31, 1993, compared with 29.2% and 16.8%, respectively, for the Combined Actuarial Performance Services Ltd. universe.
Mr. Mallinckrodt himself sometimes is astounded at the performance his firm has produced. Recently presenting the firm's track record in Malaysia, he was stunned to see Schroders has returned 40.4% a year on a compound-annualized basis over eight years - nearly twice the level of the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index.
"I had to squint to make sure I was seeing right," said the 63-year-old chairman.
Since Schroders bought its half-interest in the old Wall Street firm in 1986, the financial firms have agreed informally not to compete on each other's turf.
In fact, the two firms have three investment management presences in New York alone: Wertheim Schroder handles domestic investments for U.S. clients; Schroder Capital Management runs investments in the United States on behalf of foreign-based clients; and Schroder Capital Management International, established in 1979, is Schroders' arm that runs solely international portfolios for U.S. clients.
The latter firm's 9.5 billion ($14.6 billion) in assets managed on behalf of U.S. institutions caused it to be the first British institutional money manager to win The Queen's Award for Export Achievement.
Schroders also has a 23% interest in Dimensional Fund Advisors Inc., Santa Monica, Calif.
Solid investment approach
London-based Schroders has developed an enviable reputation for solid - if somewhat boring - investment management.
"It's important not to be carried away by fashion," Mr. Mallinckrodt said. For example, the 176-year-old firm has shunned hedge funds. "We basically have been plodding along by being very, very basic in our approach," he said.
Last year, Schroders almost suffered the embarrassment of ranking in the top decile. That would have been difficult to explain to clients given its conservative, risk-averse posture, explained George Henshilwood, partner in the consulting firm of Hymans Robertson, Glasgow. The firm ex- plained away its faux pas by saying the things that had gone wrong in late 1992 turned out right in 1993.
Schroders' approach, which favors top-down on large-cap stocks and bottom-up for small-cap, is based on consistency. Only three times in 19 years has it fallen below the median - and then only in the sixth decile.
For its international investments, Schroders relies on a combination of locally based research but portfolio managers based in London.
Loyalty among staff is common. Senior portfolio managers average 26 years of experience - 23 of which are with Schroders. The firm has 900 investment profes-sionals, of which 165 are based in London. There is a separate research team of 75 analysts and economists, according to data compiled by Hymans Robertson.
Schroders relies on a team approach. The firm has inculcated "a very careful, clear, strong culture," said Anthea Nugent, head of manager research at William M. Mercer Ltd., London.
Schroders also has developed its business internationally. It extended into Hong Kong and Singapore in the early 1970s; it now accounts for 26% of Hong Kong's growing pension fund market. The firm also has a strong presence in emerging markets, with more than 3 billion in assets invested at the end of 1993. It has invested in Latin America for more than 100 years. And the firm just announced it is opening its first office in mainland China, in Shanghai.
In addition, Schroders opened a private client business in Switzerland in 1967, and also has real estate and venture capital investment arms.
"They get most things right and very little wrong," said Ian Woods, director, The Wyatt Co. (U.K.) Ltd., London.
Of its 52.9 billion in assets under management, 38% came from U.K. institutional clients, another third from non-U.K. clients and the rest from private clients and others.
Asset management clearly is a critical leg of the merchant banking firm. Pre-tax profits last year from money management totaled 56.8 million, or 40% of the firm's 140.3 million in pre-tax profits.
For the future, Mr. Mallinckrodt says the development of pension systems around the globe makes those markets very important. Countries such as Chile, Argentina and Indonesia all realize that future generations are not going to pay for state pension benefits, he said.
Wertheim Schroder's rise
Wertheim Schroder Asset Services, on the other hand, is a story of the phoenix.
Following a clash with senior management, Chief Investment Officer Bill Smethurst left the old Wertheim Asset Management in 1979. During the next 10 years, the firm went through five different CIOs and presidents.
Meanwhile, investment performance deteriorated sharply. Assets under management gyrated between $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion, until plunging to $955 million at the end of 1987 and $800 million a year later. All of the firm's $500 million in private accounts left.
In 1989, the firm lured back Mr. Smethurst, after stints as chief investment officer at Tallasi Management Co. and C.J. Lawrence Management Inc.
Mr. Coelho joined shortly thereafter. He showed up for work with his most important asset: his Rolodex. He received his schooling in investment management on the job. The first $100 million in new business rolled through the door by the end of 1989.
The firm started adding to its product line. In 1990, the firm added a small-cap equity product, run by Nancy and Michael Tooke in Boston, that now has about $170 million. It has beaten the Russell 2000 index by 610 basis points compounded annually during the three-year period ended March 31.
Two years later, the firm bought out Financial Management Advisors, a Los-Angeles-based high-yield bond firm run by Ken Malamed, who formerly had been president of Bear Stearns Asset Management. In the five-year period ended March 31, the high-yield bond product has returned 21.3% a year, outperforming the Merrill Lynch High Yield Master Index's 12.5% annual return.
In addition, core bond, intermediate bond, and cash products were added.
Eventually, Wertheim Schroder officials agreed they needed a new chief investment officer. Mr. Smethurst became chairman of Wertheim Schroder Investment Services. Hired as CIO was J. Richard Walton, who previously had been president andd CIO of Morgan Grenfell Capital Management, later serving briefly at Pitcairn Financial Management Group.
"They saw opportunities to acquire worthwhile talent or product," said Catherine Higgins, national director, asset consulting, Towers Perrin, New York.
To tell its story to the pension fund consultant community, the firm hired Bob Follert, a veteran of Morgan Stanley Asset Management who had previously worked for Wertheim Asset Management form 1975 to 1984.
From having no consultant-referred business in 1993, the firm so far this year has been placed in 80 different searches.
The upshot has been a huge pickup of business. When Mr. Coelho came on board, the firm had no public pension fund business; now it has 17 public fund clients with $400 million in total assets. For example, this year it has won $75 million in high-yield bond accounts from two New York City funds and a $106 million small-cap portfolio from the University of Texas permanent fund.Wertheim manages $300 million for 36 taxable corporate clients and $500 million for 73 tax-exempt corporate clients. Also, the individual side of the business has rebounded, and now accounts for about 32% of the firm's assets under management.
Mr. Coelho said the job has been "fun because we started off in a hole. It's difficult to remodel a house when you're living in it at the same time."
While Mr. Coelho does frequently consult with the Clinton administration, he said he's "not interested in going back into politics at this time. I like what I'm doing, and my family likes what I'm doing."


T-Mobile has made a bold step by getting rid of two-year contracts. Here's the skinny.
T-Mobile has made a bold step by getting rid of two-year contracts. It's actually not quite that simple – especially if you want an inexpensive phone – but there are savings to be found nonetheless. Here's the skinny.
The plans are affordable, considering what you get. Fifty bucks a month will get you unlimited minutes, unlimited text messages and 500 megabytes of data. Ten bucks more gets you an additional two gigabytes of data; ten bucks more than that gets you unlimited data. Family plans start at $80 per month for two phones and top out at $210 per month for five lines and unlimited data.
All plans include unlimited text messages and the ability to use your phone as a data hotspot for your other devices, which are nice perks. Such features can cost extra on competing networks.
There are no data overages, but there's a catch. Let's say you opt for the $50-per-month plan to try to save some money, but you blow through your 500-megabyte data allotment. You won't be charged extra and your data won't be turned off, but it will be slowed down to almost unusable speeds. Remember dial-up? How slow everything was? We're talking speeds close to dial-up.
Of course, connecting your phone to your home or office Wi-Fi connection will keep your data speeds nice and fast. Only the data connection to T-Mobile gets slowed down; you should connect your phone to Wi-Fi whenever possible as a general rule of thumb, since it doesn't use your T-Mobile data allotment.
There are no two-year contracts, but there's a catch. Your smartphone that cost you $200? It actually costs a lot more than that, but you paid $200 for it in exchange for a two-year contract with Verizon or AT&T or Sprint or whichever company you're with. So how can T-Mobile continue to offer cheap phones when there are no two-year contracts anymore?
One way is by letting you pay full-price for a phone. Samsung's Galaxy Note II costs $680 that way. That's the most expensive one; some are far cheaper. The other option is to get the phone at a discount, but pay up to $20 per month for two years as an equipment fee. In this scenario, the Galaxy Note II costs $200, plus $20 per month for two years.
So that $50-per-month personal plan all of a sudden costs $70 per month and you've agreed to a two-year contract of sorts.
You can use the iPhone, but there's a catch. AT&T and T-Mobile use similar cellular technology, making it possible to use AT&T phones on the T-Mobile network and vice versa. If you pay full price for a T-Mobile phone (as in the previous scenario) and you decide you don't like T-Mobile, you can jump ship and use it on AT&T.
T-Mobile does not sell the iPhone. Verizon and Sprint iPhones will not work on our network; other iPhones may have limited functionality, including coverage limitations. Capable device required for 4G speeds; the iPhone is not currently 4G capable on our network.
T-Mobile uses a different flavor of 4G data than AT&T uses for the iPhone, so your 4G LTE iPhone 5 would download apps and surf the web considerably slower. T-Mobile is readying its own 4G LTE network, however, so the word "currently" in that above quip might very well mean something someday.
UPDATE: T-Mobile will begin selling the iPhone directly on April 12.
Run the numbers to see if paying full price for a phone makes sense. Using the $680 Samsung Galaxy Note II as an example, over the course of two years on the $50-per-month plan, you'd spend $1,880. If you were to pay $200 for the phone, plus $20 in equipment fees for two years, the total cost with the $50-per-month plan would also be $1,880.
If you're the type of person who uses a phone for at least two years before buying a new one, the installment plan could make sense here. If you don't like two-year contracts or you want to upgrade to a new phone every year (sell the old one on eBay or Craigslist or use one of the many trade-in sites), paying full-price up-front could make sense. It'll make your monthly costs cheaper, too.


text:
Pirelli and Yamaha: from the track to the sea, a multi-year global partnership
The strong collaboration between the Italian tyre company and the Japanese motorcycle manufacturer is strengthened with the introduction on the market of the new Yamaha YZF-R1 with Pirelli DIABLO™ Supercorsa SP as original equipment tyres The new supersport bike from Iwata equipped by Pirelli and the Pirelli PZero 1100 Cabin rib with twin installation Yamaha V6 F300 outboard engines are the stars of the video "The winning poker" made by the TV show dedicated to the world of boating "The Boat Show". Pirelli and Yamaha are, in their respective fields of activity, two brands of excellence recognized for the high level of technology and performance offered by their products. The technical partnership between these two companies is based on a multi-year and fruitful collaboration that has grown in important ways from the beginning of the 1980's. An early result of this joint work was the legendary Yamaha XJ900 launched in 1983 and for which Pirelli designed the Phantom tyres, in the Y dedicated version. Since then, over the years the relationship between the two brands has been constantly growing stronger including the nautical sector where Pirelli and Yamaha have a solid tradition. Today Pirelli is expressed in the design of high-end ribs and Yamaha by a good use of engineering experience in the development and production of high performance outboard engines.
The latest strong example of collaboration between the two companies is embodied by the new Yamaha YZF-R1, a totally revolutionary bike which uses, to tame the 200 horsepower of its highly evolved crossplane engine, as original equipment, the equally extraordinary Pirelli DIABLO™ Supercorsa SP tyres of pure Superbike derivation. To celebrate the years of success and global partnership Pirelli and Yamaha, with the co-operation of the TV programme "The Boat Show", have created a story called "The winning poker" whose protagonists are the new supersport bike from Iwata equipped by Pirelli alongside the Pirelli PZero 1100 Cabin rib with two Yamaha F300 V6 outboard engines, all united by the same denominator which for many years, has become the slogan of Pirelli: "Power is nothing without control". CLICK BELOW TO SEE THE VIDEO
The brand-new Yamaha YZF-R1 is a jewel of technology with highly advanced electronic control systems and an innovative 998cc liquid-cooled crossplane engine, forward-inclined parallel 4-cylinder, with 4-valves DOHC producing 200hp. Its central nerve system is a 6-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with three Gyro/G sensors and three accelerometers and sensors which analyse in real time and 3D position and movements of the bike, with total control of traction, slippage in the yaw and even wheelies and departures. Banking sensitive Traction Control/Slide Control, Front Lift Control and Launch Control and Banking sensitive Racing ABS/Unified Brake System are just some of the functions handled by the "brain" of this supersport bike, combined with a new short wheelbase aluminium Deltabox frame that keeps the wet weight down to 200 kg.
To transmit to the road the horsepower of the bike the original equipment Pirelli DIABLO™ Supercorsa SP tyres in 120/70 ZR17 front and 190/55 ZR17 rear sizes have been selected. The tyre is in fact the final essential element of a control system chain which is among the most sophisticated in the world. These tyres are a combination of technology that leverages the expertise and racing heritage acquired by Pirelli in the role of sole supplier of the Superbike World Championship since 2004 and that fit and work perfectly with all the electronic control systems this bike is equipped with. The Pirelli DIABLO™ Supercorsa SP are at the top of the segment for grip and handling, which makes it even more fun to ride this bike. Moreover, the new generation of polymers used for the compounds of these tyres guarantee a rapid warm-up and a constant grip in all conditions for an immediate mastery of the vehicle.
The Pirelli PZero 1100 Cabin is a sporty rib for short and quick trips built with the most modern technologies and that allows a possible overnight stay on board. Hull and deck are made to obtain a lightweight, sturdy and durable boat. The tubes are designed to increase the buoyancy reserve and to control careening. Although it offers a sleek and sporty shape, in the hallway below deck and in the bathroom you can stand up. The cockpit is a well protected area where six people can stay. On the tubes, at the center of the hull, the footprint of the Pirelli Pzero tyre is applied. The dashboard enables best viewing of all the equipment.
Just as for the motorcycle, also in this case the vehicle would be incomplete if it were not able to fully exploit the technology which it's fitted out with. The Pirelli PZero 1100 Cabin can be equipped with twin installation outboard Yamaha F300 V6-24 valves and 300 hp engines with 4,169 cm3 displacement. With a weight of only 268 kg, the power/weight ratio is therefore 1.1 kg per hp. The engine has as standard equipment the sophisticated Y-COP System, which is the immobilizer device of Yamaha that prevents starting in the event of theft. Shifting into gear is particularly soft due to fly by wire control and propellers equipped with the unique patented SDS (Shift Dampener System) that reduce sound level for smooth shifting.
The engine is equipped with a 24-valve, 4.2 litre, 60 V6 with DOHC with EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) and VCT (Variable Camshaft Timing) for maximum fuel efficiency and performance plus ease of starting. And, at the helm, you are guaranteed the driving control is more uniform and accurate than ever, thanks to the accelerator and the gearshift being electronically managed.


Stormy Hen Living: A Quick Hello and Give Me a "D"
Just wanted to stop by for a quick "Hello"....so you don't think I've off and disappeared...again! No. I'm just busy. Good busy! Because thanks to a little miracle pill--VITAMIN D--I feel like a NEW person!!! I have a post floating around in my head about that...in the meantime, if you have NO ENERGY and perhaps are feeling a little blue and you can't really explain why, RUN (walk or crawl) to your doctor and ask to be tested for a Vitamin D deficiency! I can't guarantee that is YOUR problem, BUT if it is...you will thank me!!!
***Recently I have not been receiving my notifications from Blogger. If you leave a comment (and please do!) and it is slow in being published (and responded to), I apologize in advance. I will TRY to remember to check my dashboard, but please bear with me as I add that to my routine. Thanks!


PITTSBURGH, PA – The Hospice and Palliative Nurses Foundation (HPNF) has been awarded a $753,000, two-year grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to support the efforts of the National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care (Coalition) to establish community-based practice guidelines for palliative care. These funds will enable the Coalition to establish Community-Based Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care. This grant will support a stakeholder summit and the development, endorsement, dissemination, and implementation of community-based palliative care guidelines. These guidelines will be modeled on the success and strategies of the National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care's (NCP) earlier Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, 2013.
"We are grateful to the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for funding this project. The National Consensus Project: Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care have served as a key resource in the field since the publication of the first edition in 2004. This new project will allow us to expand the scope and reach of the initial guidelines to impact the delivery and integration of palliative care in the community setting." – Sally Welsh, MSN, RN, NEA-BC, Chief Executive Officer, Hospice and Palliative Nurses Foundation.
The goal of the two-year project is to ensure that national practice guidelines formalize and delineate provision of quality community-based palliative care delivery for adults, children, and families living with serious and/or chronic progressive illness to safely and reliably meet their supportive care needs where they live. By stimulating effective dissemination and implementation of the guidelines in practice, the project will help to build core competencies among all providers.
A Project Steering Committee will be established and will include representatives from key stakeholder organizations from various disciplines and settings. The Steering Committee will spearhead the project, starting with the planning and convening of a stakeholder summit in 2017. The writing of community-based practice guidelines will also commence in 2017 with stakeholder endorsement and guideline dissemination and implementation occurring in 2018.
value, and enable outcomes measurement in these settings.
Director, National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care.
Bay Area. Visit www.Moore.org and follow @MooreFound.
professional development opportunities to qualified members of the hospice and palliative care team.
financially support its mission. Visit http://hpnf.advancingexpertcare.org to learn more.
Hospice and Palliative Care Network (SWPHN).


text:
Out of the South Cometh the Whirlwind
About the Cotton Boll Conspiracy
Scientists say Greenland sharks can live for 400 years
08/12/2016 / Cotton Boll Conspiracy
Researchers using radiocarbon dating have determined that Greenland sharks, slow-moving giants that live in the cold, dark waters of the North Atlantic, are the longest-living vertebrates on Earth, with one recorded as being 400 years old.
Which explains the old Greenland shark quip that goes something like: "God must like practical jokes; why would He make it so female Greenland sharks reach their sexual peak at age 150 while males reach theirs at 75?
Lame jokes aside, the recent evidence uncovered by the team at the University of Copenhagen nearly doubles the age of oldest-known living vertebrate. The former record-holder was a bowhead whale estimated to be 211 years old, according to the BBC.
Researchers used radiocarbon dating to determine the ages of 28 Greenland sharks, and estimated that one female was about 400 years old, according to research published in the journal Science.
"We had our expectations that we were dealing with an unusual animal, but I think everyone doing this research was very surprised to learn the sharks were as old as they were," said lead author Julius Nielsen, a marine biologist from the University of Copenhagen.
Greenland sharks, which live farther north than any other shark species, can grow to more than 20 feet and 2,100 pounds.
Determining the age of Greenland sharks proved difficult.
"For some fish, scientists are able to examine ear bones called otoliths, which when sectioned, show a pattern of concentric rings that scientists can count as they would the rings in a tree," according to the BBC. "Sharks are harder, but some species, such as the Great White, have calcified tissue that grows in layers on their back bones, that can also be used to age the animals."
But because the Greenland shark is a very, very soft shark, with no hard body parts where growth layers are deposited, it was believed that the age could not be investigated, Nielsen told the BBC.
However the team discovered a means of determining the age of the sharks.
"The Greenland shark's eye lens is composed of a specialized material – and it contains proteins that are metabolically inert," Neilson said. "Which means after the proteins have been synthesized in the body, they are not renewed any more. So we can isolate the tissue that formed when the shark was a pup, and do radiocarbon dating."
The team looked at 28 sharks, most of which had died after being caught in fishing nets as by-catch.
Using this technique, they established that the largest shark – a 16-foot-long female – was extremely ancient.
Because radiocarbon dating does not produce exact dates, they believe that she could have been as "young" as 272 or as old as 512. But she was most likely somewhere in the middle, or about 400 years old, the news service reported.
It means she was born between the years of 1501, or less than a decade after Columbus landed in the Western hemisphere, and 1744, or, 12 years after George Washington was born. Most likely the date of birth was in the 17th century. If she were exactly 400 years old, she would have been born the same year William Shakespeare died.
The oldest invertebrate is a 507-year-old clam called Ming. If the female Greenland shark's age is at the upper end of the scale, she will have outlasted the long-lived clam – and certainly had a much more exciting existence.
And, for the record, Greenland sharks, both male and female, appear to reach sexual maturity at around age 150.
Animals, education, History, Science, The World
greenland sharks, longest-lived, north atlantic, sharks, the sea, vertebrates
← Nine-banded armadillos: Not just roadkill anymore
The sordid reason Rhode Island abolished the death penalty →
10 thoughts on "Scientists say Greenland sharks can live for 400 years"
Fascinating. Just for the record, I laughed at the joke.
Cotton Boll Conspiracy
I'll be here all week – try the veal …
Pingback: 400 years old shark(ette) – ART IS MY CURSE
sillypharaoh
This news is so fascinating!
I re-blogged your post 😉 thank you!
Thank you for reblogging and for your kind words. I appreciate it.
Helen Devries
I was amazed at the technique for estimating the age of these sharks…
Mark you, after mother's birthday bash I reckon I will be feeling older then them..
I get the impression you mum doesn't read your blog …
I wouldn't be in a fit state to write one if she did…
Pingback: Greenland sharks can live to 400 years old, only reach sexual maturity at 150 | Oceanic Explorer
oceanicexplorer
great article, have reblogged it. That age difference though- don't sharks have laws against that sort of thing?
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text:
Activity in Parliament
Tell us your thoughts
State Recognition
EDMs Tabled
Parliamentary Debates
Reconciliation and a Palestinian nation
Posted on 6th May 2011 22nd December 2016 by water
If Britain and the US will not stand up for Palestine at the UN, they should not obstruct those who will, says Mark McDonald
The process of peace between Palestine and Israel has been long and complex, with many taking entrenched views and adopting their own interpretation of history. But we are now entering a new phase, one that must lead to peace in the region. If not, violence will undoubtedly increase, with the inevitable deaths of many innocent people on both sides of the divide.
Today is the time for strong leadership, strong politicians who must be ready to stand up for their convictions and stand by the words and opinions they have expressed for many years in private but have been reluctant to speak about in public. For too long, politicians have had an eye on future elections and the significant amount of money and votes which follow a move to appease one side over another. The biggest threat to the Middle East process is no longer Israel or Palestine but a short-sighted America and Europe which have not had the strength to compel these two sides in this small region to the table and insist on peace.
It is in this atmosphere that the long awaited speech of President Barack Obama was given last week. His words were bitterly disappointing to many who had expected so much more from this inspirational man, but it was his questioning of Palestine's attempt for full recognition before the United Nations later this year that has had the most profound impact.
In September, the UN General Assembly will be asked to vote on formal recognition of Palestine. Two thirds will need to vote in favour. Campaigning for recognition of a Palestinian state represents a significant change in tactics by Palestinians. This has come about because of the substantial progress made in recent years towards establishing a government ready for independence with the extensive reform of the necessary infrastructure, primarily financial institutions and the security services in the West Bank. The reconciliation of Hamas and Fatah and the preparation for elections next year has removed another barrier relied on by the Israelis, who have long argued they do not have a partner with whom to negotiate peace and called for the rejection of any unilateral recognition of Palestine.
Despite more than 100 countries having announced recognition of Palestine over the years, there has been a failure to translate this into reality on the ground. It is the hope of Palestinian representatives that seeking recognition in September might convince Israel it is in its own interests to come forward and to re-engage in negotiations. The plea for recognition along 1967 borders may provide a counter to any Israeli plans of annexation in the West Bank or East Jerusalem.
The campaign has already achieved significant diplomatic momentum through much of South America in the past few months. In addition, many countries within Western Europe (including Britain) have upgraded the diplomatic status of Palestinian representations to diplomatic levels. It is hoped to build on this foundation, with recognition being sought from Caribbean and Central American states later this year, as well as from Asia (including Thailand and Singapore) considered being next in line.
Undoubtedly, recognition offers a clear statement in support of the rights of Palestinians to self-determination. It would send a timely message to the Palestinian people that the international community is prepared to take strong steps to bring about a two-state settlement.
It is hoped that the United States and Britain will support the Palestinians in September. If they don't, the least they can do is not stand in the way but act on the clear will of the majority of the countries in the General Assembly that will recognise the state of Palestine in line with international law and UN resolutions.
Mark McDonald is a human rights barrister and one of the founders of Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East.
Posted in News, Updates
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Karen Buck MP
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SEASON 1: WEDNESDAYS 7PM PDT twitch.tv/dnd.
Dungeon Master Ruty Rutenberg takes us on a fantasy adventure unlike you've ever seen. This electric "Neon Noir" finds our adventurers in the disenfranchised lower Duras of the floating city of Sharn. The Realm is Eberron, a land abundant with low magic fueling every day life (Arcana Punk). Lightning rails and Air ships. Warforged, Shifters, Kalashtar, Changelings as well as your beloved fantasy races of Elves, Dwarves, Halflings, Half elves & Humans.
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text:
Sens GM Murray: Spezza cleared, could return in 2-3 weeks
By Mike HalfordMar 6, 2013, 8:39 PM EST
The Ottawa Senators received more good news on the health front Wednesday, as GM Brian Murray said Jason Spezza could be back in the lineup well in advance of the Apr. 3 trade deadline.
"Jason has been cleared by the doctors for hard work and to get it going," Murray told Sportsnet's Ian Mendes. "We're hoping in about two to three weeks we'll be able to put him into the lineup for us."
Spezza, Ottawa's leading point-getter from a year ago, has been out of action since Jan. 27 after tweaking his back during a 2-1 shootout loss to Pittsburgh.
He underwent surgery on Feb. 1 and, a week later, said he was aiming to return for the playoffs.
So clearly, rehab has gone better than expected.
Ottawa is anxiously awaiting Spezza's return, as he'll inject some life into an offense averaging an Eastern Conference-worst 2.1 goals per game.
That said, the Sens have done extremely well (5-3-2 in their last 10) to battle through the losses of Spezza, reigning Norris winner Erik Karlsson, goalie Craig Anderson and forward Milan Michalek, who led the team with 35 goals in 2011-12.
Michalek will return from a 10-game absence tonight against Toronto, and Anderson's return shouldn't be far behind. Ottawa said Anderson won't be in the lineup on Friday when the Sens take on the Rangers, but could make his return next week.


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Enjoy access to our VIP seminar series of events (1 per month) at our sponsor locations. You will get an in-depth look at different services from paint protection, ECU tuning, track prep, and much more while you enjoy free food and beverages, free raffle prizes, and free photoshoots with our BMWTN models.
TO PURCHASE A CARD: Visit out E-Store and click on the 2019 Membership Card Option to purchase your card today. The cards will be ready for delivery in early May of 2019.


Many congregations run their annual campaigns in the early spring. By now, the hope is that all the pledges are collected by now, forecasting an ample supply of dollars for the next year's funding goals. In our ideal scene, the budget presented for congregational vote shimmers with abundance and glows with the promise of all that can be accomplished in the coming months.
However, many stewardship leaders report that after the first flurry of pledge returns, things slow down. Some households in the congregation are difficult to reach and it can be a challenge to gather in all the remaining pledges to wrap up the campaign and fulfill the budgeted income goals. Congregation leaders wonder….how can we gather in those remaining pledges?
Send out letters, campaign info, and pledge cards out with an envelope addressed to the church (stamped can help!) for faster return.
Stop the contacts after the follow-up letter to avoid perceptions of badgering, which can do more harm than good.
Send out two email messages, spaced two weeks apart, followed up with a phone call.
Provide campaign and pledge updates on your congregation's website and social media sites, encouraging people to join in with their pledge.
Send out a reminder postcard with information about where to find pledge forms or how to pledge online.
Announcements in the orders of service or on Sunday mornings.
Put pledge cards in the orders of service or in the pews and invite people to fill them out and put them in the offering plate as it comes by.
The Minister, Senior Staff, or Elected Leaders make personal contact with all lapsed major donors to check in and encourage another generous pledge.
Scheduling small group social events where conversations about the congregation and how the mission, ministry and programs are funded, with pledging information available.
Newsletter updates on the annual campaign and ways people can pledge and contribute their financial support—it's never too late!
Small groups and committees that are active in the congregation may provide a means for communicating about the annual campaign—these leaders can help spread the word.
If not already available, consider setting up an online pledge form or giving link on your congregation's website.
Don't forget to have a ready supply of current information about stewardship and annual pledging on your pamphlet racks, on bulletin boards, and at your visitors table for newcomers.
Consider a celebration or community social event to catch people's attention! An ice cream social after the service or Sunday Brunch may be an enjoyable way to engage people's support.
This entry was posted in Faith Communities, Generosity & Giving, Giving, Stewardship Resources, Unitarian Universalism and tagged congregation, Ecumenical stewardship, Generosity & Giving, Giving, Spiritual deepening, Stewardship Resources by Giving Speaks. Bookmark the permalink.


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Potential Value of Major Antigenic Protein 2 for Serological Diagnosis of Heartwater and Related Ehrlichial Infections
Michael V. Bowie, G. Roman Reddy, Shalt M. Semu, Suman M. Mahan, Anthony F. Barbet
Michael V. Bowie
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, 1 and
G. Roman Reddy
Shalt M. Semu
University of Florida/USAID/SADC Heartwater Research Project, Veterinary Research Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe 2
Suman M. Mahan
Anthony F. Barbet
Cowdria ruminantium is the etiologic agent of heartwater, a disease causing major economic loss in ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. Development of a serodiagnostic test is essential for determining the carrier status of animals from regions where heartwater is endemic, but most available tests give false-positive reactions with sera against relatedErhlichia species. Current approaches rely on molecular methods to define proteins and epitopes that may allow specific diagnosis. Two major antigenic proteins (MAPs), MAP1 and MAP2, have been examined for their use as antigens in the serodiagnosis of heartwater. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine if MAP2 is conserved among five geographically divergent strains ofC. ruminantium and (ii) to determine if MAP2 homologs are present in Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine ehrlichiosis, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the organism responsible for human monocytic ehrlichiosis. These two agents are closely related to C. ruminantium. The map2gene from four strains of C. ruminantium was cloned, sequenced, and compared with the previously reported map2gene from the Crystal Springs strain. Only 10 nucleic acid differences between the strains were identified, and they translate to only 3 amino acid changes, indicating that MAP2 is highly conserved. Genes encoding MAP2 homologs from E. canis and E. chaffeensisalso were cloned and sequenced. Amino acid analysis of MAP2 homologs ofE. chaffeensis and E. canis with MAP2 ofC. ruminantium revealed 83.4 and 84.4% identities, respectively. Further analysis of MAP2 and its homologs revealed that the whole protein lacks specificity for heartwater diagnosis. The development of epitope-specific assays using this sequence information may produce diagnostic tests suitable for C. ruminantium and also other related rickettsiae.
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Mar 1999, 6 (2) 209-215; DOI:
You are going to email the following Potential Value of Major Antigenic Protein 2 for Serological Diagnosis of Heartwater and Related Ehrlichial Infections


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A: Gandi.net has them and they're great !

A: inwx.de is also a great company.

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