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The following is a history of Avignon, France.

Prehistory

The site of Avignon has been occupied since the Neolithic period as shown by excavations at Rocher des Doms and the Balance district.

In 1960 and 1961 excavations in the northern part of the Rocher des Doms directed by Sylvain Gagnière uncovered a small anthropomorphic stele (height: 20 cm), which was found in an area of land being reworked. Carved in Burdigalian sandstone, it has the shape of a "tombstone" with its face engraved with a highly stylized human figure with no mouth and whose eyes are marked by small cavities. On the bottom, shifted slightly to the right is a deep indentation with eight radiating lines forming a solar representation - a unique discovery for this type of stele.

Compared to other similar solar figures this stele representing the "first Avignonnais" and comes from the time period between the Copper Age and the Early Bronze Age which is called the southern Chalcolithic.

This was confirmed by other findings made in this excavation near the large water reservoir on top of the rock where two polished greenstone axes were discovered, a lithic industry characteristic of "shepherds of the plateaux". There were also some Chalcolithic objects for adornment and an abundance of Hallstatt pottery shards which could have been native or imported (Ionian or Phocaean).

Antiquity

The name of the city dates back to around the 6th century BC. The first citation of Avignon (Aouen(n)ion) was made by Artemidorus of Ephesus. Although his book, The Journey, is lost it is known from the abstract by Marcian of Heraclea and The Ethnics, a dictionary of names of cities by Stephanus of Byzantium based on that book. He said: "The City of Massalia (Marseille), near the Rhone, the ethnic name (name from the inhabitants) is Avenionsios (Avenionensis) according to the local name (in Latin) and Auenionitès according to the Greek expression". This name has two interpretations: "city of violent wind" or, more likely, "lord of the river". The Celtic tribes named it Auoention around the beginning of the Christian Era. Other sources trace its origin to the Gallic mignon ("marshes") and the Celtic definitive article.

Avignon was a simple Greek Emporium founded by Phocaeans from Marseille around 539 BC. It was in the 4th century BC that the Massaliotes (people from Marseilles) began to sign treaties of alliance with some cities in the Rhone valley including Avignon and Cavaillon. A century later Avignon was part of the "region of Massaliotes" or "country of Massalia".

Fortified on its rock, the city later became and long remained the capital of the Cavares. With the arrival of the Roman legions in 120 BC. the Cavares, allies with the Massaliotes, became Roman. Under the domination of the Roman Empire, Aouenion became Avennio and was now part of Gallia Narbonensis (118 BC.), the first Transalpine province of the Roman Empire. Very little from this period remains (a few fragments of the forum near Rue Molière). It later became part of the 2nd Viennoise. Avignon remained a "federated city" with Marseille until the conquest of Marseille by Trebonius and Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Caesar's lieutenants. It became a city of Roman law in 49 BC. It acquired the status of Roman colony in 43 BC. Pomponius Mela placed it among the most flourishing cities of the province.

Over the years 121 and 122 the Emperor Hadrian stayed in the Province where he visited Vaison, Orange, Apt, and Avignon. He gave Avignon the status of a Roman colony: "Colonia Julia Hadriana Avenniensis" and its citizens were enrolled in the tribu.

Following the passage of Maximian, who was fighting the Bagaudes, the Gallic peasants revolted. The first wooden bridge was built over the Rhone linking Avignon to the right bank. It has been dated by dendrochronology to the year 290. In the 3rd century there was a small Christian community outside the walls around what was to become the Abbey of Saint-Ruf.

Christianity

Although the date of the Christianization of the city is not known with certainty, it is known that the first evangelizers and prelates were within the hagiographic tradition which is attested by the participation of Nectarius, the first historical Bishop of Avignon on 29 November 439, in the regional council in the Cathedral of Riez assisted by the 13 bishops of the three provinces of Arles.

The memory of St. Eucherius still clings to three vast caves near the village of Beaumont whither, it is said, the people of Lyon had to go in search of him in 434 when they sought him to make him their archbishop.

In November 441 Nectarius of Avignon, accompanied by his deacon Fontidius, participated in the Council of Orange convened and chaired by Hilary of Arles where the Council Fathers defined the right of asylum. In the following year, together with his assistants Fonteius and Saturninus, he was at the first Council of Vaison with 17 bishops representing the Seven Provinces. He died in 455.

Early Middle Ages

Invasions began and during the inroads of the Goths it was heavily damaged. In 472 Avignon was sacked by the Burgundians and replenished by the Patiens, from the city of Lyon, who sent them wheat.

In 500 Clovis I, King of the Franks, attacked Gundobad, King of the Burgundians who was accused of the murder of the father of his wife Clotilde. Beaten, Gondebaud left Lyon and took refuge in Avignon with Clovis besieging it. Gregory of Tours reported that the Frankish king devastated the fields, cut down the vines and olive trees, and destroyed the orchards. The Burgundian was saved by the intervention of the Roman General Aredius. He had called him to his aid against the "Frankish barbarians" who ruined the countryside.

In 536 Avignon, following the fate of Provence, was ceded to the Merovingians by Vitiges, the new king of the Ostrogoths. Chlothar I annexed Avignon, Orange, Carpentras, and Gap; Childebert I took Arles and Marseilles; Theudebert I took Aix, Apt, Digne, and Glandevès. The Emperor Justinian I at Constantinople approved the division.

Despite all the invasions, intellectual life continued to flourish on the banks of the Rhône. Gregory of Tours noted that after the death of Bishop Antoninus in 561 the Parisian Father Dommole refused the bishopric of Avignon after Chlothar I convinced him that it would be ridiculous "in the middle of tired senators, sophists, and philosophical judges"

St. Magnus was a Gallo-Roman senator who became a monk and then bishop of the city. His son, St. Agricol (Agricolus), bishop between 650 and 700, is the patron saint of Avignon.

The 7th and 8th centuries were the darkest period in the history of Avignon. The city became the prey of the Franks under Theuderic II, King of Austrasia in 612. The Council of Chalon-sur-Saône in 650 was the last to indicate the Episcopal participation of the Provence dioceses. In Avignon there would be no bishop for 205 years with the last known holder being Agricola.

In 734 it fell into the hands of the Saracens, and it was destroyed in 737 by the Franks under Charles Martel for having sided with the Saracens against him.

A centralized government was put in place and, in 879, the bishop of Avignon, Ratfred, with other Provençal colleagues, went to the Synod of Mantaille in Viennois where Boso was elected King of Provence after the death of Louis the Stammerer.

The Rhône could again be crossed since in 890 part of the ancient bridge of Avignon was restored at the pier No. 14 near Villeneuve. In that same year Louis, the son of Boson, succeeded his father. His election took place in the Synod of Varennes near Macon. Thibert, who was his most effective supporter, became Count of Apt. In 896 Thibert acted as plenipotentiary of the king at Avignon, Arles, and Marseille with the title of "Governor-General of all the counties of Arles and Provence". Two years later, at his request, King Louis donated Bédarrides to the priest Rigmond d'Avignon.

On 19 October 907 King Louis the Blind became emperor and restored an island in the Rhone to Remigius, Bishop of Avignon. This charter is the first mention of a cathedral dedicated to Mary.

After the capture and the execution of his cousin, Louis III, who had been exiled to Italy in 905, Hugh of Arles became regent and personal advisor to King Louis. He exercised most of the powers of the king of Provence and in 911, when Louis III gave him the titles of Duke of Provence and Marquis of the Viennois, he left Vienne and moved to Arles which was the original seat of his family and which now was the new capital of Provence.

On 2 May 916 Louis the Blind restored the churches of Saint-Ruf and Saint-Géniès to the diocese of Avignon. On the same day Bishop Fulcherius attested in favour of his canons and for the two churches of Notre-Dame and Saint-Étienne to form a cathedral.

A political event of importance took place in 932 with the reunion of the kingdom of Provence with Upper Burgundy. This union formed the Kingdom of Burgundy in which Avignon was one of the largest cities.

At the end of the 9th century, Muslim Spain installed a military base in Fraxinet since they had led the plundering expeditions in the Alps throughout the 10th century.

During the night of 21 to 22 July 972 the Muslims took dom Mayeul, the Abbot of Cluny who was returning from Rome, prisoner. They asked for one livre for each of them which came to 1,000 livres, a huge sum, which was paid to them quickly. Maïeul was released in mid-August and returned to Cluny in September.

In September 973 William I of Provence and his brother Rotbold, sons of the Count of Avignon, Boso II, mobilized all the nobles of Provence on behalf of dom Maïeul. With the help of Ardouin, Marquis of Turin, and after two weeks of siege, Provençal troops chased the Saracens from their hideouts in Fraxinet and Ramatuelle as well as those at Peirimpi near Noyers in the Jabron valley. William and Roubaud earned their title of Counts of Provence. William had his seat at Avignon and Roubaud at Arles.

In 976 while Bermond, brother-in-law of Eyric was appointed Viscount of Avignon by King Conrad the Peaceful on 1 April, the Cartulary of Notre-Dame des Doms in Avignon says that Bishop Landry restored rights that had been unjustly appropriated to the canons of Saint-Étienne. He gave them a mill and two houses he built for them on the site of the current Trouillas Tower at the papal palace. In 980 these canons were constituted in a canonical chapter by Bishop Garnier.

In 994 Dom Maïeul arrived in Avignon where his friend William the Liberator was dying. He assisted in his last moments on the island facing the city (the Île de la Barthelasse) on the Rhone. The Count had as successor the son he had by his second wife Alix. He would reign jointly with his uncle Rotbold under the name William II. In the face of County and episcopal power, the town of Avignon organized itself. Towards the year 1000 there was already a proconsul Béranger with his wife Gilberte who are known to have founded an abbey at "Castrum Caneto".

In 1032 when Conrad II inherited the Kingdom of Burgundy, Avignon was attached to the Holy Roman Empire. The Rhone was now a border that could only be crossed on the old bridge at Avignon. Some Avignon people still use the term "Empire Land" to describe the Avignon side, and "Kingdom Land" to designate the Villeneuve side to the west which was in the possession of the King of France.

Late Middle Ages

After the division of the empire of Charlemagne, Avignon came within the Kingdom of Burgundy, and was owned jointly by the Count of Provence and the Count of Toulouse. From 1060, the Count of Forcalquier also had nominal overlordship, until these rights were resigned to the local Bishops and Consuls in 1135.

With the German rulers at a distance, Avignon set up an autonomous administration with the creation of a consulat in 1129, two years before its neighbour Arles.

In 1209 the Council of Avignon ordered a second excommunication for Raymond VI of Toulouse.

At the end of the twelfth century, Avignon declared itself an independent republic, and sided with Raymond VII of Toulouse during the Albigensian Crusade. In 1226, the citizens refused to open the gates of Avignon to King Louis VIII of France and the papal legate. They besieged the city for three months (10 June-12 September). Avignon was captured and forced to pull down its city walls and fill up its moat.

At the end of September, a few days after the surrender of the city to the troops of King Louis VIII, Avignon experienced severe flooding.

In 1249 the city again declared itself a republic on the death of Raymond VII, his heirs being on a crusade.

On 7 May 1251, however, the city was forced to submit to two younger brothers of King Louis IX, Alphonse of Poitiers and Charles of Anjou (Charles I of Naples). They were heirs through the female line of the Marquis and Count of Provence, and thus co-lords of the city. After the death of Alphonse in 1271, Philip III of France inherited his share of Avignon and passed it to his son Philip the Fair in 1285. It passed in turn in 1290 to Charles II of Naples, who thereafter remained the sole lord of the entire city.

The University of Avignon was founded by Pope Boniface VIII in 1303 and was famed as a seat of legal studies, flourishing until the French Revolution (1792).

Avignon papacy

In 1309 the city, still part of the Kingdom of Arles (as the Kingdom of Burgundy was known by then), was chosen by Pope Clement V as his residence at the time of the Council of Vienne and, from 9 March 1309 until 13 January 1377, Avignon, rather than Rome was the seat of the Papacy. At the time the city and its surroundings (the Comtat Venaissin) were ruled by the kings of Sicily of the House of Anjou. The French King Philip the Fair, who had inherited from his father all the rights of Alphonse de Poitiers (the last Count of Toulouse), made them over to Charles II, King of Naples and Count of Provence (1290). Nonetheless, Philip was a shrewd ruler. Inasmuch as the eastern banks of the Rhône marked the edge of his kingdom, when the river flooded up into the city of Avignon, Philip taxed the city since during periods of flood, the city technically lay within his domain.

Avignon became the Pontifical residence under Pope Clement V in 1309. His successor, John XXII, a former bishop of the diocese, made it the capital of Christianity and transformed his former episcopal palace into the primary Palace of the Popes. It was Benedict XII who built the Old Palace and his successor Clement VI the New Palace. He bought the town on 9 June 1348 from Joanna I of Naples, the Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence for 80,000 florins. Innocent VI endowed the city walls.

Under their rule, the Court seethed and attracted many merchants, painters, sculptors and musicians. Their palace, the most remarkable building in the International Gothic style was the result, in its construction and ornamentation, of the joint work of the best French architects, Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres (called Loubières) and the larger frescoes from the School of Siena: Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti.

The papal library in Avignon was the largest in Europe in the 14th century with 2,000 volumes Around the library were a group of passionate clerics of letters who were pupils of Petrarch, the founder of Humanism. At the same time the Clementine Chapel, called the Grande Chapelle, attracted composers, singers, and musicians including Philippe de Vitry, inventor of the Ars Nova, and Johannes Ciconia.

As Bishop of Cavaillon, Cardinal Philippe de Cabassoles, Lord of Vaucluse, was the great protector of the Renaissance poet Petrarch.

Urban V took the first decision to return to Rome, to the delight of Petrarch, but the chaotic situation there with different conflicts prevented him from staying there. He died shortly after his return to Avignon.

His successor, Gregory XI, also decided to return to Rome and this ended the first period of the Avignon Papacy. When Gregory XI brought the seat of the papacy to Rome in 1377, the city of Avignon was administered by a legate.

The early death of Gregory XI, however, caused the Great Schism. Clement VII and Benedict XIII reigned again in Avignon Overall therefore it was nine popes who succeeded in the papal palace and enriched themselves during their pontificate.

From then on until the French Revolution, Avignon and the Comtat were papal possessions: first under the schismatic popes of the Great Schism, then under the popes of Rome ruling via legates until 1542, and then by vice-legates. The Black Death appeared at Avignon in 1348 killing almost two-thirds of the city's population.

In all seven popes and two anti-popes resided in Avignon:
Clement V: 1305–1314 (curia moved to Avignon March 9, 1309)
John XXII: 1316–1334
Benedict XII: 1334–1342
Clement VI: 1342–1352
Innocent VI: 1352–1362
Urban V: 1362–1370 (in Rome 1367-1370; returned to Avignon 1370)
Gregory XI: 1370–1378 (left Avignon to return to Rome on September 13, 1376)

Anti-Popes
Clement VII (1378-1394)
Benedict XIII (1394-1403)

The walls that were built by the popes in the years immediately following the acquisition of Avignon as papal territory are well preserved. As they were not particularly strong fortifications, the Popes relied instead on the immensely strong fortifications of their palace, the "Palais des Papes". This immense Gothic building, with walls 17–18 feet thick, was built 1335–1364 on a natural spur of rock, rendering it all but impregnable to attack. After its capture following the French Revolution, it was used as a barracks and prison for many years but it is now a museum.

Avignon, which at the beginning of the 14th century was a town of no great importance, underwent extensive development during the time the seven Avignon popes and two anti-popes, Clement V to Benedict XIII, resided there. To the north and south of the rock of the Doms, partly on the site of the Bishop's Palace that had been enlarged by John XXII, was built the Palace of the Popes in the form of an imposing fortress consisting of towers linked to each other and named as follows: La Campane, Trouillas, La Glacière, Saint-Jean, Saints-Anges (Benedict XII), La Gâche, La Garde-Robe (Clement VI), Saint-Laurent (Innocent VI). The Palace of the Popes belongs, by virtue of its severe architecture, to the Gothic art of the South of France. Other noble examples can be seen in the churches of Saint-Didier, Saint-Pierre, and Saint Agricol as well as in the Clock Tower and in the fortifications built between 1349 and 1368 for a distance of some  flanked by thirty-nine towers, all of which were erected or restored by the Roman Catholic Church.

The popes were followed to Avignon by agents (or factors) of the great Italian banking-houses who settled in the city as money-changers and as intermediaries between the Apostolic Camera and its debtors. They lived in the most prosperous quarter of the city which was known as the Exchange. A crowd of traders of all kinds brought to market the produce necessary for maintaining the numerous courts and for the visitors who flocked to it: grain and wine from Provence, the south of France, Roussillon, and the country around Lyon. Fish was brought from places as distant as Brittany; rich cloth and tapestries came from Bruges and Tournai. The account-books of the Apostolic Camera, which are still kept in the Vatican archives, give an idea of the trade of which Avignon became the centre. The university founded by Boniface VIII in 1303 had many students under the French popes. They were drawn there by the generosity of the sovereign pontiffs who rewarded them with books or benefices.

Early modern period

After the restoration of the Papacy in Rome the spiritual and temporal government of Avignon was entrusted to a Legate, notably the Cardinal-nephew, who was replaced in his absence by a vice-legate (unlike the legate he was usually a commoner and not a cardinal). Pope Innocent XII abolished nepotism and the office of Legate in Avignon on 7 February 1693, handing over its temporal government in 1692 to the Congregation of Avignon (i.e. a department of the papal Curia which resided in Rome), with the Cardinal Secretary of State as presiding prefect, who exercised their jurisdiction through the vice-legate. This congregation, to which appeals were made from the decisions of the vice-legate, was linked to the Congregation of Loreto within the Roman Curia. In 1774 the vice-legate was made president thus depriving him of almost all authority. The office was done away with under Pope Pius VI on 12 June 1790.

The Public Council, composed of forty-eight councillors chosen by the people, four members of the clergy, and four doctors from the university, met under the presidency of the chief magistrate of the city: the viquier (Occitan) or representative of the papal Legate or Vice-legate who annually nominated a man for the post. The councillors' duty was to watch over the material and financial interests of the city but their resolutions had to be submitted to the vice-legate for approval before being put in force. Three consuls, chosen annually by the Council, had charge of the administration of the streets.

Avignon's survival as a papal enclave was, however, somewhat precarious, as the French crown maintained a large standing garrison at Villeneuve-lès-Avignon just across the river.

On the death of the Archbishop of Arles, Philippe de Lévis in 1475, Pope Sixtus IV in Rome reduced the size of the diocese of Arles: he detached the diocese of Avignon in the province of Arles and raised it to the rank of an archbishopric in favour of his nephew Giuliano della Rovere, who later became Pope Julius II. The Archdiocese of Avignon had canonic jurisdiction over the department of Vaucluse and was an archdiocese under the bishoprics of Comtadins Carpentras, Cavaillon, and Vaison-la-Romaine.

From the fifteenth century onward it became the policy of the Kings of France to rule Avignon as part of their kingdom. In 1476 Louis XI, upset that Charles of Bourbon was made legate, sent troops to occupy the city until his demands that Giuliano della Rovere be made legate. Once Rovere was made a cardinal he withdrew his troops from the city.

In the 15th century Avignon suffered a major flood of the Rhone. King Louis XI repaired a bridge in October 1479 by letters patent.

In 1536 king Francis I of France invaded the papal territory, in order to overthrow Emperor Charles V, who was emperor of the territory. When he entered the city the people received him very well, and in return for the reception the people were all granted to them the same privileges that French subjects enjoyed, such as being able to hold state offices.

In 1562 the city was besieged by the François de Beaumont, baron des Adrets, who wanted to avenge the massacre of Orange.

Charles IX passed through the city during his royal tour of France (1564-1566) together with his court and nobles of the kingdom: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henry of Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine The court stayed for three weeks.

In 1583 King Henry III attempted to offer an exchange of the Marquisate of Saluzzo for Avignon, however his offer was refused by Pope Gregory XIII. In 1618 Cardinal Richelieu was exiled in Avignon. The city was visited by Vincent de Paul in 1607 and also by Francis de Sales in 1622.

By the mid 17th-century Avignon was considered an important and integral part of the French Kingdom by the provincial Parliament of Provence. In 1663 Louis XIV seized Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin in retaliation for the Corsican Guard Affair, an attack on the Duc de Créqui, his ambassador to the Holy See.  Louis returned the Comtat in 1664 after the pope apologised for the attack, though he annexed it a second time in 1688 from pope Innocent XI before returning it to pope Alexander VIII by letters patent on 20 November 1689. Avignon was thus free from conflict until Louis XV next occupied the Comtat from 1768 to 1774 and Avignon itself from 1768 to 1769, substituting French institutions for those in force with the approval of the people of Avignon and leading to the rise of a pro-French faction.

At the beginning of the 18th century the streets of Avignon were narrow and winding but buildings changed and houses gradually replaced the old buildings. Around the city there were mulberry plantations, orchards, and grasslands. On 2 January 1733 François Morénas founded a newspaper, the Courrier d'Avignon, whose name changed over time and through prohibitions. As it was published in the papal enclave outside the kingdom of France and Monaco, the newspaper escaped the control system of the press in France (privilege with permission) while undergoing control from papal authorities. The Courrier d'Avignon appeared from 1733 to 1793 with two interruptions: one between July 1768 and August 1769 due to France's annexation of Avignon and the other between 30 November 1790 and 24 May 1791.

From the French Revolution to the end of the 19th century

On 12 and 13 September 1791 the National Constituent Assembly voted for the annexation of Avignon and the reunion of Comtat Venaissin with the kingdom of France following a referendum submitted to the inhabitants of the Comtat.

On the night of 16 to 17 October 1791, after the lynching by a mob of the secretary-clerk of the commune who was wrongly suspected of wanting to seize church property, the event called the Massacres of La Glacière took place, when 60 people were summarily executed and thrown into the dungeon of the tower on the Palais des Papes.

On 7 July 1793 federalist insurgents under General Rousselet entered Avignon. During their passage along the Durance to retake the city by troops from Marseilles one person was killed: Joseph Agricol Viala. On 25 July General Carteaux appeared before the city and it was abandoned the next day by the troops of General Rousselet as a result of a misinterpretation of orders from Marseille.

On 25 June 1793 Avignon and Comtat-Venaissin were integrated along with the former principality of Orange to form the present department of Vaucluse with Avignon as its capital. This was confirmed on 19 February 1797 by the Treaty of Tolentino in which Article 5 definitively sanctioned the annexation stating that:

"The Pope renounces, purely and simply, all the rights to which he might lay claim over the city and territory of Avignon, and the Comtat Venaissin and its dependencies, and transfers and makes over the said rights to the French Republic."

On 1 October 1795 Alexandre Mottard de Lestang, a Knight, captured the town for the royalists with a troop of 10,000 men. The mission representative Boursault retook the city and had Lestang shot.

Before the French Revolution Avignon had as suffragan sees Carpentras, Vaison and Cavaillon, which were united by the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801 to Avignon, together with the Diocese of Apt, a suffragan of Aix-en-Provence. However, at that same time Avignon was reduced to the rank of a bishopric and was made a suffragan see of Aix.

On 30 May 1814 the French annexation of Avignon was recognized by the Pope. Ercole Consalvi made an ineffectual protest at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 but Avignon was never restored to the Holy See. In 1815, Bonapartist Marshal Guillaume Marie Anne Brune was assassinated by adherents of the royalist party during the White Terror. The murder took place in the former Hotel du Palais Royal that was located Place Crillon in front of today's Hotel d'Europe.

In the years 1820-1830 Villeneuve was forced to yield part of its territory to Avignon: the part called the Île de la Barthelasse.

The Archdiocese of Avignon was re-established in 1822, receiving as suffragan sees the Diocese of Viviers, Valence: (formerly under Lyon), Nîmes, and Montpellier (formerly under Toulouse).

On 18 October 1847 the Avignon - Marseille railway line was opened by the Compagnie du chemin de fer de Marseille à Avignon (Marseille to Avignon Railway Company). In 1860 the current Avignon Centre railway station was built. In November 1898 the tramway network of the Compagnie des Tramways Électriques d'Avignon (Electric Tramways Company of Avignon) was opened to replace the old company of horse-drawn transport.

During the coup of 2 December 1851 the people of Avignon, with Alphonse Gent, tried to oppose it.

In 1856 a major flood on the Durance river flooded Avignon.

From the beginning of the 20th century to today

The newly elected President of the Republic at the beginning of the year 1913, Raymond Poincaré, visited Provence in mid-October. He wrote in his book In the Service of France: Europe under arms: 1913, a description of his successive visits. The primary purpose of the visit was to verify in situ the state of mind of the Félibrige in the likely event of a conflict with Germany. He met, at Maillane and at Sérignan-du-Comtat, the two most illustrious people Frédéric Mistral and Jean-Henri Fabre. Between these two appointments he paused at Avignon where he was received triumphantly at the Town Hall. Already the reception he had received at the Mas du Juge from the poet and the communal meal they had taken in the presidential train at Graveson had reassured him of the patriotism of Provence. It was, therefore in these terms that he spoke on the Nobel Prize in Literature:

"Dear and illustrious master, you who have pointed out imperishable monuments in honour of French land; you who have raised the prestige of a language and a literature that has a place in our national history to be proud of; you who, in glorifying Provence, have braided a crown of olive green; to you, august master, I bring the testimony of the recognition of the Republic and the great motherland".

The 20th century saw significant development of urbanization, mainly outside the city walls, and several major projects have emerged. Between 1920 and 1975 the population has almost doubled despite the cession of Le Pontet in 1925 and the Second World War.

On the transport side 1937 saw the creation of the Avignon - Caumont Airport which became an airport in the early 1980s and became prominent with the opening of international routes, a new control tower, extension of the runway, etc.

In September 1947 the first edition of the future Avignon Festival was held.

After the Second World War on 11 November 1948 Avignon received a citation of the order of the division. This distinction involved the awarding of the Croix de Guerre with Silver Star. The city rose, expanded its festival, dusted off its monuments, and developed its tourism and trade.

In 1977 the city was awarded the Europe Prize, awarded by the Council of Europe.

In 1996 the LGV Méditerranée railway project was started. Its path passes through the commune and over the Rhone. From 1998 to 2001 the Avignon TGV station was built.

In 2002, as part of the reshuffling of the ecclesiastic provinces of France, the Archdiocese of Avignon ceased to be a metropolitan and became, instead a suffragan diocese of the new province of Marseilles, while keeping its rank of archdiocese.

On 8 July 2008 waste containing unenriched uranium leaked into two rivers from Tricastin nuclear plant in southern France. Some 30,000 litres (7,925 gallons) of solution containing 12g of uranium per litre spilled from an overflowing reservoir at the facility – which handles liquids contaminated by uranium – into the ground and into the Gaffiere and Lauzon rivers. The authorities kept this a secret from the public for 12 hours then issued a statement prohibiting swimming and fishing in the Gaffiere and Lauzon rivers.

A shooting occurred on July 2, 2017, near the Arrahma mosque in Avignon, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. Eight people were injured during shooting. Two hooded gunmen arrived in a Renault Clio at the Arrahma mosque in Avignon at 22:30 CEST as worshippers were leaving the mosque. The gunmen opened fire with one carrying a shotgun and another a pistol. The gunmen were able to injure four people at the scene while a family of four in a nearby apartment received shrapnel wounds. A seven-year-old girl were among those injured. The authorities ruled out the possibility the attack was hate-related or a terrorist attack. An eyewitness claimed a 40 year old worshipper was targeted.

See also
 Timeline of Avignon

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

 Scans from Google: Volume 1, Volume 2.

Avignon
avignon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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2CD - Double CD version with the stereo and previously unheard mono AM radio mixes. Further US-orientated alternate takes, early mixes and backing tracks adorn both discs.
LP - Remastered and recut 180 Gram vinyl edition. Cut by Matt Colton at Air Studios, London from the original production master tape with nothing else in the signal path and the lacquer. The cutting session was conducted under the supervision of Kenney Jones and Ian McLagan.


"At North Shore Academy we aim to offer a rich and memorable experience within PE for all students regardless of their background. All pupils are treated equally and as an Academy, we aim to educate students in fun and engaging activities to ensure they have the highest aspirations".
At North Shore Academy, we ensure that our students experience a broad and balanced curriculum. Our Core PE curriculum engages them in fun sports whilst teaching vital life skills required for life after North Shore. Students are taught the importance of leading a healthy and active lifestyle. Within lessons students also take a proactive approach to learning and begin to lead through practical lessons. This helps to equip them with skills required for their future and also embed the skills required for the KS4 BTEC Sport course at North Shore Academy. Students are offered a wide range of sports including Netball, Rugby, Football, Fitness, Badminton, Dance, Gymnastics,Badminton, Athletics, Cricket and Rounders.
When our students reach Year 8 they are able to choose an Extra PE option which will enable them to follow the BTEC Sport route. We firmly believe that this course best equips our students with practical skills,skills required to meet deadlines and enables them to become successful leaders. Our students learn about components of fitness, training methods,fitness tests, how to lead their own lessons and they design a training programme. The Physical Education department at North Shore Academy is extremely proud of results that previous Year 11 pupils have received.
We expect that every student at the academy takes part in compulsory Core PE lessons. If students are ill we expect a valid note from a parent/guardian explaining the reason. If this scenario occurs, we still expect that students wear PE kit to help in another role within lessons.
Currently the department consists of 8 members of full time staff, including a PE apprentice. Extracurricular PE is also supported by other members of staff within the Academy who have specialisms in certain areas.
·	Specialist PE teaching classrooms, including a MAC computer room.


text:
The Listening Group
"Beautiful... #chills"
— Ann Powers, NPR Music
Max Hatt / Edda Glass have "an incomparable spook" (Nashville Scene) and "a unique sound" (Larry Groce, NPR), comprised of Glass's unmistakable voice and Hatt's lyrical guitar. Originally based in Montana, their award-winning original music and unique interpretations of American and Brazilian standards have taken them all the way to New York City's Lincoln Center, DC's Kennedy Center, NPR Mountain Stage, Sundance Film Fest and Wilco's Solid Sound Festival. Praised for her "impeccable vocal command" (PopMatters) and compared to a gamut of singers from Astrud Gilberto to Billie Holiday, Glass's voice is ultimately "one of a kind...you cannot confuse her with another artist" (New York Theatre Guide). Hatt's equally distinctive guitar work combines the harmonic innovations of jazz with the melodic resonance of folk, creating music that's "subtly poignant, elegantly funky, and haunting without trying to be" (Nels Cline, Wilco). Together, Max Hatt / Edda Glass evoke a world that stretches from the beaches of Rio de Janeiro to the prairies of the American west, telling stories of little people on great plains, and leaving audiences with a feeling both light and deep.
TRIO | READ FULL BIO | BRAZILIAN PROJECT | WORKSHOPS | ALSO AVAILABLE WITH A FULL BAND
SHORT BIO: Max Hatt / Edda Glass's award-winning original music and unique interpretations of American and Brazilian standards have "an incomparable spook" (Nashville Scene) and "a unique sound" (NPR). Telling stories of little people on great plains, the duo evokes a world that stretches from the beaches of Rio de Janeiro to the prairies of the American west, leaving audiences with a feeling both light and deep. As heard on NPR Mountain Stage, NYC's Lincoln Center, DC's Kennedy Center, and Wilco's Solid Sound Festival.
BLURB: Max Hatt / Edda Glass's award-winning original music and unique interpretations has "an incomparable spook" (Nashville Scene) and "a unique sound" (NPR). As heard on NPR Mountain Stage, NYC's Lincoln Center, DC's Kennedy Center, and Wilco's Solid Sound Festival.
"Unique voices and rare musicians"
— Eric Funk, MT-PBS host and internationally renowned composer
"This Jazz Americana duo portrays true elegance."
"Max Hatt/Edda Glass create exquisite, evocative music as they journey through the landscape of jazz and folk with Hatt's atmospheric guitar playing and the landscape of the West with Glass's literate lyrics."
— John Platt of WFUV
"…like hand-printed photographs that speak and sway, the material is hypnotic…"
— Lizz Wright
"Mesmerizing… cinematic folk-jazz"
— ASCAP's Playback Magazine at Sundance Film Festival
"Edda Glass's voice must be heard to be believed."
— Nels Cline (Wilco)
"Max Hatt's tone has an incomparable spook...Edda Glass' primal singing and skywide-on-a-stormy-night lyrics left me breathless. "
— Nicole Atkins, Nashville Scene
"I was mesmerized from the first moment I heard them. They have the ability to create a deep sonic landscape with only voice and guitar, with songs that posses a mysterious and soulful magic"
— Pat Sansone (Wilco)
Max Hatt and Edda Glass ... are constantly, bravely reinventing themselves... pioneering more deeply into original material, music that I can say without reservation will be substantive and important. [...] Many are the musicians who adhere more closely to the mainstream, aligning their original music with that which has a track record of being entertaining. Few are those who insist that original music is an art, avoid the commodity and immediate gratification that comes from creating that which has proven to be sellable. I am always inspired by visionary charismatics who possess both the courage and the perseverance to pursue their art against the odds, trusting that their labors are not in vain. Max Hatt and Edda Glass are unique voices and rare musicians.
— Eric Funk, PBS host and internationally renowned composer
"Their lyrics/ instrumentals encapsulate the confusing sentiment of feeling both lost and found, all at once…This album is for those that want to hear a song that tells them it is okay to be human, and that you are not alone in not knowing what that exactly means"
— New York Theater Guide
"an exemplification in the beauty of contemplation"
— PopMatters
"Brimming with soul and steeped with lush, mellow melodies, Ocean of Birds captures a moment in time and releases it in one lovely breath. "
— That Mag
"Music that creates a sense of vastness within its quiet."
— Yes Weekly, John Adamian
"Unique voices and rare musicians"
— Eric Funk, composer and PBS host
Lincoln Center, NYC
Kennedy Center, D.C.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


FINALS UPDATE: Thursday Night Football (4.8), Superstore (1.3), The Good Place (1.4), Will and Grace (3.0) and Gotham (0.9) adjusted up while How to Get Away with Murder (1.0) and Thursday Night Football Pregame (2.0) adjusted down.
On Premiere Thursday, NBC popped in a big way with its revival of Must See TV sitcom Will and Grace (2.9). Excluding Olympics and Super Bowl lead-outs, this will be the first NBC sitcom episode to crack a 200 in A18-49+ since... the finale of Will and Grace in 2006.
In terms of W&G's ability to lift all boats around it, the results were mixed but had some clear positives. Superstore (1.2) looks like it will be just a touch below last year's premiere in Plus, but an improvement over some of its ugliness late last season. The Good Place (1.3) basically matched the demo of its post-America's Got Talent preview last week, which seems like a win. And W&G's lead-out Great News (1.3) eked out a new series high, but was still at less than half of its lead-in. The biggest winner of all was the drama Chicago Fire (1.5), which looked great in its move to a new night (topping last year's 1.4 Chicago Med premiere on the night).
Meanwhile, it was TGIT time on ABC, with the two-hour return of Grey's Anatomy (2.3) leading into How to Get Away with Murder (1.1). Grey's Anatomy was amazingly healthy once again vs. last year's 2.5 premiere, but Murder fizzled a bit considering how well it ended last year. The network's nightly average got a lot of help year-to-year since the second hour of Grey's got compared against last year's 1.1 Notorious launch.
Fox's Gotham (0.8) and The Orville (1.1) marched onward after making their timeslot debuts last week. It was a promising showing for Orville, matching last week when it had less competition, and the lineup still looks like an improvement on last year's Rosewood / Pitch duo (they got a 0.7/1.1 for their premieres on this night last year).
And CBS had its first game of Thursday Night Football, after the first two weeks of TNF were cable only (presumably a ploy to get all five CBS games counted in the network's regular season average). As usual, expect these games to adjust way up in finals because the final ratings will include the simulcast rating with NFL Network, though last night's game was mucked up a bit by a weather delay.
FINALS UPDATE: Survivor (1.8) adjusted up while Arrow (R) (0.2) and Supernatural (R) (0.2) adjusted down.
After three solid debuts last year, this year's Premiere Wednesday had only one series opener: the CBS drama SEAL Team (1.5). It is a fine start, holding most of its Survivor (1.7) lead-in's demo and topping the night in total viewers with almost 10 million. Criminal Minds (1.3) did all right as it finally made the move to 10/9c. Survivor (1.7) continued a soft-ish start for the reality franchises this fall, down at least 20% from last year's 2.3 fall premiere.
Fox took over the lead on Premiere Wednesday with the return of Empire (2.4), now at 8/7c on a regular basis for the first time and leading into fellow Lee Daniels series Star (1.8). Empire was down 40%ish from its year-ago premiere, but it's gotten pretty used to trends like that in the spring half of last season. An upward adjustment would tie it with last season's finale. The bump for Star was solid, as it zoomed back ahead of its entire Wednesday run in 2017, and had close to the same Plus as its post-Empire preview in December 2016.
ABC plugged in sophomore American Housewife (1.6) at 9:30 after three years of Black-ish in the timeslot. At least on premiere night, Housewife was not too indistinguishable from a typical Black-ish episode - acceptable, but not a breakout.
As for the returnees, Modern Family (2.1) was down a little more than league average in its return, while The Goldbergs (1.8) held up nicely at 8/7c. At 8:30, sophomore Speechless (1.4) looked like a weaker link than it was even last spring, and certainly compared with its 2.0 launch last fall. At 10/9c, Designated Survivor (1.1) was of course down huge from last year's 2.2 launch but toward the high end of what it was doing in the spring.
And NBC saw The Blacklist (1.1) take over at 8/7c, where Blindspot aired all of last season. Early indications are that the show may see some benefit from airing in the earlier hour; it was never higher than 1.0 in all of its winter/spring 2017 episodes. Its veteran lead-outs Law and Order: SVU (1.4) and Chicago PD (1.3) appear to be down a bit in Plus, after opening with 1.8 and 1.6 last year.
Here are a few quick thoughts on what Premiere Wednesday says about the renewal/cancellation landscape. These are based on prelims and I probably will not get around to updating this page with the finals, but I'm trying to anticipate some things that could happen in finals.
FINALS UPDATE: Bull (1.3), The Voice (2.7) and This Is Us (3.9) adjusted up while Law and Order True Crime (1.6), Brooklyn Nine-Nine (0.7) and Legends of Tomorrow (R) (0.2) adjusted down.
After a quiet start to the season, NBC roared into the lead on Tuesday with the return of last year's mega-smash This Is Us (3.8). The show exploded to another new series high, double digits ahead of last season's finale and a full point ahead of last year's series premiere. It was another down night for its lead-in The Voice (2.6), but it could at least beat Monday's rating if it gets adjustment help.
However, NBC had a second straight premiere with 50% or less retention in the 10/9c hour with the short-order anthology series Law and Order: True Crime (1.7).
Fox got its fall programming under way with the returns of Lethal Weapon (1.2), The Mick (0.9) and Brooklyn Nine-Nine (0.8). On a new night, Lethal Weapon matched the low point from its first season but is still clearly a success story; and it is noteworthy that the show skewed much younger with competition from NCIS. (Last year's 1.2 came with almost six million viewers, while this episode had just 4.266 million.) Meanwhile, both Mick and Brooklyn bounced back from their results late last season, but still scored well below their respective 1.3/1.1 Tuesday premieres.
CBS brought back last year's Tuesday trio of NCIS (1.6), Bull (1.2) and NCIS: New Orleans (1.0). The year-ago evening involved Bull's 2.2 series premiere, but both of the NCIS series were down close to 30% from Premiere Tuesday last year.
And it was ABC's turn to delay its regular lineup for a week, instead going with a Dancing with the Stars-themed Celebrity Family Feud (1.3) and two hours of Dancing with the Stars (1.2). It was a very competitive outing for the Feud, beating its last five ratings from the summer.
Here are a few quick thoughts on what Premiere Tuesday says about the renewal/cancellation landscape. These are based on prelims and I probably will not get around to updating this page with the finals, but I'm trying to anticipate some things that could happen in finals.
Here are a few quick thoughts on what Premiere Monday says about the renewal/cancellation landscape. Gonna try to get back into doing these "columns" on a somewhat regular basis this season.
FINALS UPDATE: The Big Bang Theory (4.1) and Young Sheldon (3.8) adjusted up while Dancing with the Stars (1.4), The Good Doctor (2.2), Me, Myself and I (1.6), The Brave (1.3) and So You Think You Can Dance (0.5) adjusted down.
CBS made a massive Premiere Monday splash with the debut of Young Sheldon (3.7), which held almost all the lead-in from its parent series The Big Bang Theory (3.9). That puts it ahead of last year's Kevin Can Wait premiere, and virtually certain to become the highest scripted series premiere on record in A18-49+. (2 Broke Girls' 301 in 2011 is the only one that has cracked a 300.) This will throw some more intrigue into CBS' Young Sheldon rollout plan; the show is slated to sit on the bench from now until November 2. Can the eye really leave a potential megahit comedy on the shelf for six weeks??
The Young Sheldon hype shouldn't completely obscure that it was an incredible night from TBBT (3.9) in its own right. This will be the biggest historical-adjusted performance in the history of the show, probably over a 350 Plus.
Later in the night, Kevin Can Wait (2.3) was back for season two, and it managed to come pretty close to last year's premiere after making news with its replacement of Erinn Hayes with Leah Remini in the off-season. It led into new comedy Me, Myself and I (1.7), which held up OK at 9:30. But the CBS momentum was gone by 10/9c, as Scorpion (1.0) was down considerably from last year's premiere with a lot more competition.
ABC had its own extremely impressive start with 10/9c drama The Good Doctor (2.4), which built big on its lead-in from Dancing with the Stars (1.5). This was well over double the measly 0.9 premiere of Conviction a year ago, and on a Plus basis should handily outrate anything Castle ever did in eight seasons with this timeslot. The network may adjust down in finals due to a Monday Night Football preemption in Dallas.
This left NBC as a bit of a Premiere Monday afterthought, even though it was close behind CBS for the nightly average with two hours of The Voice (2.3/2.8). Voice was down at least 20% year-to-year. New drama The Brave opened with a 1.4 at 10/9c (including a shaky 1.6 -> 1.2 half-hour breakdown). This was down four tenths from the Timeless premiere a year ago and even more steeply behind The Good Place, which had a 2.3 for the hour on Premiere Monday.
Fox stayed out of the Premiere Monday mix, instead wrapping up the So You Think You Can Dance season (0.6/0.5). Lucifer and The Gifted will join the fray next week.
FINALS UPDATE: Celebrity Family Feud (1.1) and Sunday Night Football (6.3) adjusted up while The Simpsons (R) (0.4) adjusted down.
On the eve of a new fall season, CBS gave its first national late-afternoon NFL lead-in to Star Trek: Discovery, a new drama that will air the rest of its season on the streaming service CBS All Access. It is currently listed with a 1.6 average in the 9:00 hour (while 60 Minutes had a 2.5 in the 8:00 hour), but Trek actually started at 8:48 on the East Coast so it could go higher than this in finals.
Meanwhile, it was the last night of Summer Fun & Games on ABC, and Celebrity Family Feud (1.0) returned to originals alongside Steve Harvey's Funderdome (0.8) and The $100,000 Pyramid (0.6). The original CFF lead-in helped bring the latter two up from their lows last week.
Fox got decent mileage out of two-hour special Who Shot Biggie & Tupac? (1.1), while it looks like a fairly soft outing for Sunday Night Football on NBC with a low-5's prelim.
While there are some tweaks for 2017-18, the basic Renewology structure is the same. So I recommend looking back on the intro and especially the summary of the process from this time last year. This just works as an amendment to that.
Just want to say off the top that Renewology will be back, and is ready to run as we speak. But it's possible it could be delayed a bit to start the season, depending on whether we will have a source for viewing levels this season. If not, the estimates for viewing levels (which I get using shares) can be kinda sketchy, as I found out when I put out some R% using the estimates during premiere week last year. I have a rough idea for something that will hopefully make these estimates a little more reliable, but I didn't want to waste much time on it till I knew if I would have to.
FINALS UPDATE: 20/20 (0.6), Masters of Illusion (0.2) and Masters of Illusion (R) (0.3) adjusted down.
Labels: 20/20, Dateline, Masters of Illusion, sr, sr friday, What Would You Do?
FINALS UPDATE: The Big Bang Theory (R) (1.2) adjusted up while American Ninja Warrior (R) (0.8) adjusted down.
Fox got a jump on the busy Thursday landscape by debuting its duo of Gotham (1.0) and The Orville (1.1) a week before the start of the regular season. Though there will be a lot more competition next week, it looks like a passable start; Gotham matched the first half of last year's finale and was down three tenths from the year-ago premiere, while Orville tied the year-ago premiere of Pitch in this timeslot. In Plus, they are a better pair than anything Rosewood and Pitch did on this night last fall, at least for now.
FINALS UPDATE: Big Brother (2.2) and America's Got Talent (3.0) adjusted up while Salvation (0.5) and The Good Place (1.3) adjusted down.
As the summer ended for many a reality staple, NBC's comedy The Good Place (1.4) kicked off its second season in the 10/9c hour, leading out of a huge finale from America's Got Talent (2.7/3.0). Good Place dropped heavily from 1.7 to 1.2 at the half, and the 10:30 raw number represented a pretty typical Thursday delivery for the show last season. Talent will either match or beat its 2.8 finale from a year ago.
On CBS, Big Brother (2.2/2.1) was very impressive as well, topping its year-ago finale (which was on premiere Wednesday). If it can eke out a 2.2 after finals, it would be a new multi-season high for the series. It led into the finale of Salvation (0.6) in the 10/9c hour, which would actually be its highest rating in a couple months if it holds on.
MasterChef (1.0/1.2) was the one lost in the shuffle, actually declining by a couple tenths week-to-week (and three tenths year-to-year) in both hours.
A new season is nearly upon us, so it's time to revisit last year's new feature Renewology. This post will be a hopefully candid look back at how it did last year, while there will be another post very soon detailing what is coming up for the new season. Check out the intro to Renewology, explanation of the process, and the daily Renewology posts by network (ABC | CBS | NBC | Fox | CW) which will be heavily referenced below.
FINALS UPDATE: America's Got Talent (3.0) adjusted up while The Paley Center Salutes The Best of Will and Grace (1.1) and The Orville (R) (0.4) adjusted down.
America's Got Talent (2.9) had a monster final Tuesday of the season, rising to what would be a new season high against virtually no competition from the other broadcasters. However, there was only tepid interest in Talent's last Tuesday lead-out, a Will & Grace-themed Paley Center special (1.2).
These numbers are current through Monday, September 18.
Comedy Central's veterans South Park (0.96) and Broad City (0.51) teamed up on Wednesday, with South Park still near the top of the cable rankings but giving back all of its big premiere night growth from last year. It did give a nice boost to Broad City, which was +11% from last year's premiere (when it didn't have such a lead-in).
FINALS UPDATE: Dancing with the Stars (1.6), To Tell the Truth (0.7), Supergirl (R) (0.2), Whose Line Is It Anyway? (R) (0.2) and Whose Line Is It Anyway? (R) (0.2) adjusted down.
It was a bit of a sluggish start by Dancing with the Stars (1.6) standards, as the fall staple returned at 24% behind both the fall and spring premieres in 2016-17. It barely eked out a head-to-head win against American Ninja Warrior (1.5) on NBC, a head-to-head that DWTS won more convincingly on the year-ago evening (2.1 to 1.7). And it helped bump To Tell the Truth (0.7) back to the high end of its modest summer results.
FINALS UPDATE: ACM Honors (0.6), America's Got Talent (R) (0.7), Masters of Illusion (0.2), Masters of Illusion (R) (0.2) and Penn and Teller: Fool Us (R) (0.2) adjusted down.
Labels: 20/20, Big Brother Special, Dateline, Masters of Illusion, sr, sr friday, What Would You Do?
Here are War of 18-49 records for currently airing news/sports series.
The 8:00 hour had a charity event simulcast across the entire big four for the second time in a five-day span; this time it was the hurricane relief effort Hand in Hand, which averaged a 1.1 on NBC and a 0.7/0.6/0.4 on the other networks.
It was an unfortunate break for America's Got Talent (2.3/2.2), which slid into the 9:00-11:00 timeslot. Fox's pilot encore of The Orville (0.5) built on its Hand in Hand lead-in (0.4).
These numbers are current through Sunday, September 10.
FX's American Horror Story (2.02) returned to top the cable world on Tuesday, but the -27% was easily the show's steepest year-to-year decline for a premiere in series history. But it's a series that has been famous for its huge declines in the post-premiere weeks, so there is room to make up ground if it settles more smoothly this time.
FINALS UPDATE: To Tell the Truth (0.6), The Big Bang Theory (R) (1.0), Kevin Can Wait (R) (0.8), Mom (R) (0.8), Life in Pieces (R) (0.6), Scorpion (R) (0.5) and Midnight, Texas (0.6) adjusted down.
Preliminary ratings may be affected by Monday Night Football preemptions on ABC (Los Angeles), CBS (Minneapolis) and NBC (New Orleans).
Indefinite Nielsen ratings delays continue.
FINALS UPDATE: Sunday Night Football (9.1), NFL Overrun (6.3), The OT (4.4) and The Orville (2.7) adjusted up while America's Funniest Home Videos (R) (0.9), Miss America Pageant (1.1), NCIS: Los Angeles (R) (0.5), Football Night in America p2 (2.1), Football Night in America p3 (4.7), The Simpsons (R) (0.8) and Family Guy (R) (0.7) adjusted down.
The Orville opened to a preliminary 2.3 rating, leading out of national NFL coverage in the 7:00 hour. The prelims seem potentially promising, as Orville was about on par with the Son of Zorn number from a year ago even as the NFL ratings in the 7:00 hour are a lot lower. And it could adjust up in finals when West Coast viewing (which was also immediately after football) is incorporated. But we'll see if any craziness ensues with the finals.
Elsewhere, after a slow start on Thursday, Sunday Night Football was on the upswing on Sunday, with an 8.0ish prelim that topped the Sunday opener from a year ago. And ABC's Miss America Pageant appears to be down just a bit from last year's 1.3.
Due to the effects of Hurricane Irma in Tampa, Florida (where Nielsen happens to have its data center), ratings are delayed indefinitely. The delays fall on a busy Sunday night for the broadcasters; Fox previewed new drama The Orville after its late-afternoon NFL games, NBC surely dominated with its first Sunday edition of Sunday Night Football, and ABC had the annual Miss America competition. Stay tuned.
The War of 18-49, Post-2013 Fox Scripted: Empire, Gotham, The Last Man on Earth and more!
Here are War of 18-49 records for currently airing Fox scripted series that are not yet four years old (and thus don't have stand-alone War pages).
The War of 18-49, Post-2013 CW Scripted: The Flash, Supergirl, Jane the Virgin and more!
Here are War of 18-49 records for currently airing CW scripted series that are not yet four years old (and thus don't have stand-alone War pages).
The War of 18-49, Post-2013 NBC Scripted: This Is Us, Chicago Med, Superstore and more!
Here are War of 18-49 records for currently airing NBC scripted series that are not yet four years old (and thus don't have stand-alone War pages).
The War of 18-49, Post-2013 CBS Scripted: NCIS: New Orleans, Life in Pieces, Scorpion and more!
Here are War of 18-49 records for currently airing CBS scripted series that are not yet four years old (and thus don't have stand-alone War pages).
The War of 18-49, Post-2013 ABC Scripted: American Housewife, Fresh Off the Boat, How to Get Away with Murder and more!
Here are War of 18-49 records for currently airing ABC scripted series that are not yet four years old (and thus don't have stand-alone War pages).
FINALS UPDATE: Sunday Night Football (7.7) adjusted up while Football Night in America p3 (3.1) adjusted down.
The NFL regular season returned to NBC with the Thursday opener for Sunday Night Football. Last year's opener adjusted up from an 8.5 prelim to a 9.4 final. So the 7.2 opening prelim puts NBC down 15% year-to-year.
Schedules Plus is the ultimate almanac to broadcast network primetime scheduling since 2001. It features lineups for three different parts of the year, as well as A18-49+ ratings that more fairly account for historical decline. For more on the tables and charts in Schedules Plus, see this primer. New this year, the day and network names also link to their own pages, which compile the averages of all networks/days on that particular day/network.
This is a compilation of Fox's Schedules Plus averages by day of the week, providing a look at how the network has evolved over time on each night. These averages come directly from the net's Schedules Plus posts, which are linked in the table headers below. As with the individual Schedules Plus, it is important to keep in mind that these are not averages of every single thing that aired on the network, but just the most frequent occupant in each timeslot in each section of the year. See the Schedules Plus primer for more.
This is a compilation of ABC's Schedules Plus averages by day of the week, providing a look at how the network has evolved over time on each night. These averages come directly from the net's Schedules Plus posts, which are linked in the table headers below. As with the individual Schedules Plus, it is important to keep in mind that these are not averages of every single thing that aired on the network, but just the most frequent occupant in each timeslot in each section of the year. See the Schedules Plus primer for more.
This is a compilation of CBS's Schedules Plus averages by day of the week, providing a look at how the network has evolved over time on each night. These averages come directly from the net's Schedules Plus posts, which are linked in the table headers below. As with the individual Schedules Plus, it is important to keep in mind that these are not averages of every single thing that aired on the network, but just the most frequent occupant in each timeslot in each section of the year. See the Schedules Plus primer for more.
FINALS UPDATE: Bachelor in Paradise (1.3) and America's Got Talent (2.6) adjusted up while Black-ish (R) (0.5), Hollywood Game Night (1.0), The Flash (R) (0.1) and Legends of Tomorrow (R) (0.1) adjusted down.
This is a compilation of all the broadcast networks' Schedules Plus averages on Sunday, providing a look at how the network race has evolved over time on this night. These averages come directly from the night's Schedules Plus posts, which are linked in the table headers below. As with the individual Schedules Plus, it is important to keep in mind that these are not averages of every single thing that aired on the network, but just the most frequent occupant in each timeslot in each section of the year. See the Schedules Plus primer for more. The 'Avg' column and the charts cover only ratings for the big four networks.
FINALS UPDATE: Saturday Night Football (1.3), Big Brother (1.7) and CFB on Fox (0.8) adjusted up while ABC Fall Preview (0.5) and CFB on Fox Pregame (0.3) adjusted down.
FINALS UPDATE: Masters of Illusion (R) (0.2) adjusted down.
FINALS UPDATE: Battle of the Network Stars (R) (0.6), Battle of the Network Stars (R) (0.5), The Gong Show (R) (0.4), Kevin Can Wait (R) (0.5), Kevin Can Wait (R) (0.5), Big Brother (1.5), Zoo (0.4), The Wall (R) (0.5), The Wall (R) (0.5), The Night Shift (0.6), Beat Shazam (R) (0.6), Love Connection (0.5), Penn and Teller: Fool Us (R) (0.2), Whose Line Is It Anyway? (R) (0.2) and Whose Line Is It Anyway? (R) (0.2) adjusted down.
Numbers to come. Preliminarily ratings are extremely inflated due to preseason NFL preemptions.


For many job candidates, working with a recruiter is a new and unfamiliar experience. Below we address common questions about the process, while providing a few tips that we hope you find valuable. Please keep in mind that these tips are specific to Hevar Resources – other recruiting firms may work differently. We also recommend viewing our FAQ's for additional information.
Hevar Resources is a third-party recruiting firm, which means that we are contracted by our client companies to find candidates to fill open positions. Our overriding goals are to ensure that the employer is highly satisfied with the candidate we place in a given position, while ensuring that the candidate is in a role that best suits him or her.
Hevar Resources receives a placement fee from an employer when we place a candidate in an open position within their organization. We are never paid by job candidates for any of the services we offer. Nor are we paid when we receive an open job position from an employer client – it is only when a candidate that we have presented to a client fills a position that we receive payment.
Who Does the Recruiter Work For – the Employer or the Candidate?
The question of how we get paid logically leads to the question of for whom we work – the employer or the candidate. The short answer is both. Yes, it is important to understand that employers pay Hevar Resources, but it is in everyone's best interest that we are able to match candidates to jobs that are a good fit for them – otherwise the likelihood of long-term success is reduced.
What Does a Recruiter Do, Exactly?
Access to exclusive jobs – many of our employer clients give Hevar Resources positions that are not available through other sources, such as public websites.
Resume feedback – from our experience, we understand what information employers are looking for in a candidate's resume and what information is less important. We provide our candidates with honest feedback.
Screening – our clients know that before a potential candidate is hired, we have conducted extensive screening – including background checks, employment and education verification, reference checks, and drug testing.
Assessments – we are firm believers that assessments are an integral part of the recruiting process; our style assessments can help identify which types of roles are most conducive to a candidate's natural work style, while our skill assessments can identify strengths and potential areas for improvement.
Interviewing – a large part of our recruiting process entails getting to know potential candidates and helping to determine whether there's a good match between their career needs and the requirements/responsibilities of the particular position.
Salary consultation – through our experience working across various industries and functions on thousands of jobs, we can provide a unique perspective on fair market value for a specific position.
What Hevar Resources Recruiters are Looking For?
Recruiters are looking for candidates who meet the necessary job qualifications for a particular position, while also being a good fit for the client company's culture and work style. While you may feel that you can perform all the job responsibilities as laid out in the job description, it is important to keep in mind that recruiters are typically given very specific guidelines from their employer clients. With so many candidates in the job pool, recruiters will focus first on the candidates who most closely match the client's requirements.
A recruiter may contact you if he or she feels that you may be a fit for a particular position. The recruiter may have received your resume if you applied for the job, from a job-search website, or from a recommendation from a colleague/co-worker. Our advice is to always listen to what the recruiter has to say. You may not be interested in the position at that particular time, but your situation may change in the future, so it is in your best interest to learn more about the position. If you know the position isn't a fit for you, think about friends or colleagues who may be a better fit and let the recruiter know. They will appreciate the referral and it's also a great way to help a friend advance their own career.
Why Hasn't My Recruiter Gotten Back to Me Yet?
Recruiters work to place candidates in positions where they believe the candidate will be successful. If you have applied for a specific position, but the recruiter is not responding to you, it is likely that you do not meet the job qualifications, as outlined by the employer. Remember, recruiters cannot dictate which jobs are open – we can only fill jobs that are given to us by employers. While we make every effort to respond to job inquiries, due to the volume of resumes we receive, it is not always possible.
What is a "Good Fit"?
The term "good fit" is commonly used in the recruiting field. It refers to the candidate's potential fit with an organization from all aspects – from work experience to work style to culture fit. Recruiters want to make sure they place the right person in the right job the first time. Therefore, it's very important that the candidate and position are a "good fit" from all perspectives.
Only apply for jobs for which you are highly qualified. Read the job description carefully – if your background and skills are not a good match, do not apply for the job. Applying for jobs for which you are not well-qualified not only wastes yours and the recruiters' time, but it also demonstrates a lack of career focus. Wait until you see a job that matches your work experience and skills – if one does not come up, you may want to continue searching for a recruiting firm that has open jobs that better match your career goals.
Help a recruiter. You may get a call from a recruiter about a job for which you currently have no interest. We recommend directing the recruiter to other candidates who may be a better fit. It's a great way to establish goodwill with a recruiter who may be able to present a better fitting job in the future.
Do not keep calling. Unless a recruiter has specifically asked that you call to check in about job openings or to inquire about a position, try to resist the temptation to consistently call recruiters. For Hevar Resources – if you are looking for a temporary position, we recommend calling no more than once per week. For permanent or direct hire positions, we recommend calling to check in every few weeks. Another approach is, instead of calling, periodically email the recruiter to let them know you are still in the job market. Outline steps you have taken to build your resume or to otherwise improve your marketability.
Be honest. In addition to being the right thing to do, with so many job seekers in the market, it's important to be upfront with your recruiter. Recruiters will filter out candidates who are dishonest about gaps in employment, responsibilities, salary history, skill set, and other qualifications. Being honest with your recruiter will help build mutual trust and will enable the recruiter to better position your candidacy to potential employers.


North Barrington, IL – November 7, 2014 - Old Barrington Farm trainers Amelia McArdle (hunter/jumper) and Nichole Smith (dressage) are hosting a rider education series beginning on Wednesday, November 12, 2014 at 6:30 pm, with a complimentary Wine and Cheese Reception and Seminar with equine nutritionist Tigger Montague. The series will continue on Saturday, December 6th and Sunday, December 7th, with a Frank Madden riding clinic for hunters and jumpers and will conclude on Saturday, December 13th and Sunday, December 14th, with a Jan Ebeling riding clinic for dressage.
To kick off its fall education series, Old Barrington Farm has invited nutritionist Tigger Montague to talk about equine nutrition. Montague's career in the nutrition industry, both human and equine, spans over 32 years and includes the launch of the first equine herbal supplement company back in 1988. Working with Dr. Tim Ober, the USEF Show Jumping Team veterinarian, Montague applied her extensive knowledge of whole foods to heal her own Grand Prix dressage horse, Lionheart, when he was diagnosed with inflammation of the bursa that would not heal despite extensive veterinary treatments including shockwave, Tildren, HA injections, NSAIDs, and Isoxuprine. When Lionheart became sound and went on to compete, Montague founded her own company, Biostar, recognized as a leader in whole food supplements for horses.
Old Barrington Farm trainer and Grand Prix rider Amelia McArdle is excited about the upcoming seminars and clinics taking place at her barn. From working over the years with the best hunter jumper trainers in the United States today, including Katie Monahan-Prudent, Chris Kappler, and George Morris, Amelia knows that excellence in riding and training must have excellent horse care and basics as a foundation.
"Being competitive in the show ring starts with knowing your horse very well and working hard at home," McArdle described.
Dressage trainer and CDI competitor Nichole Smith, of NS Dressage, has been organizing and presenting regular dressage clinics at Old Barrington Farm over the years with a variety of professionals including Five Star Dressage Judge Lilo Fore, Steffen Peters' assistant Lientje Schueller, and Olympian Jan Ebeling. Nichole has applied her slogan, "Competing with Compassion," to her own equine partner, Ebikur, a 13-year-old Oldenburg gelding owned by Patricia Gillian, raising "Elmo" from a 4-year-old to his current successful Grand Prix career.
Old Barrington Farm is the premier Midwest equestrian center built by the McArdle family on over 60 acres of rolling land in the Village of North Barrington, Illinois, a northwest suburb of Chicago. Old Barrington offers boarding and training programs in a state-of-the-art facility featuring a spacious heated indoor ring, outdoor ring, grass field, all-weather and grass paddocks and trails for riding. Just a short trail ride from the Equestrian Center, Old Barrington Estates is a unique residential community comprised of just 7 beautiful home sites ranging in size from 4 acres to over 9 acres. Each home of Old Barrington Estates may have its own private horse barn and has access to the Equestrian Center's amenities.
For more information regarding the clinics or Old Barrington Farm, please visitwww.oldbarringtonfarm.com and www.obestates.com.


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i heard a fly buzz when i died analysis line by line
How would you summarize lines 5/8 of I heard a fly buzz when I died? – Stanza II: Lines 5-8 The speaker says that now all the eyes around her are dry. It suggests that the people came to mourn her last moments and they were crying but then after too much crying their eyes became dry. Even the people around her were breathing calmly and they were prepared for what was going to happen.
What does the fly mean in I heard a fly buzz when I died? – Therefore, "buzzing of the fly" refers to the presence of death. However, the "fly" which comes between light and her, represents the last vision she sees before death, or it could be the death that has put a full stop before her life. Major themes: Death and acceptance are the major themes of the poem.
How does Dickinson feel about death in I heard a fly buzz? – Themes. Dickinson engages primarily with the theme of death in 'I heard a Fly buzz-when I died. ' She makes no attempt to comfort her readers at the idea of death throughout the piece. Rather she describes it as something to be feared.
What literary devices are used in I heard a fly buzz when I died? – Aural Imagery/Sound: "the stillness in the room" in contrast to the "breathes were gathering firm"; the buzzing of fly being heard and the emphasis on the buzz. Metaphor: "the windows" – metaphor for the eyes of the narrator.
What view of death does Dickinson describe in lines 5/8 of Because I could not stop for Death? – In the poem "Because I could not stop for death-" how is death viewed? Death is viewed as peaceful.
What is ironic about the buzzing of the fly? – Here, perhaps it is used ironically because the fly, as a creature that lays its eggs in dead flesh, is usually symbolic of mortality. The fly's buzz is described as "uncertain" and "stumbling," perhaps indicating the way that the sound of a fly can move in and out of human consciousness.
What does the window symbolize in I heard a fly buzz? – The Windows Line 15: This is the only spot in this poem where Dickinson uses the word "Windows." This seems to be a metaphor for the speaker's eyes. Once they fail, she can no longer "see to see" (line 16).
How does the speaker prepare her death in the poem I heard a fly buzz? – The speaker starts by mentioning the sound of a fly, which cuts across the heavy, silent air around her deathbed. Then the speaker leaves that image behind, and begins to talk about the room where she is dying. She tells us about the people standing around her, who are calmly preparing themselves for her final moment.
What does the phrase the windows failed line 15 mean? – The speaker tells us that "the Windows failed." As far as we can tell, that means that her eyes closed, that she lost contact with the outside world.
What is the significance of line 3 in the overall meaning of the poem I'm nobody who are you? – What is the significance of line 3 in the overall meaning of the poem? It conveys that nobodies can experience companionship rather than simply isolation. It implies that the speaker has never met another nobody before and is not sure how to respond.
Why does Dickinson use a fly? – Interestingly, all the rhymes before the final stanza are half-rhymes (Room/Storm, firm/Room, be/Fly), while only the rhyme in the final stanza is a full rhyme (me/see). Dickinson uses this technique to build tension; a sense of true completion comes only with the speaker's death.
What type of poem is I heard a fly buzz? – I heard a Fly buzz—when I died
How is the first line of I heard a fly buzz a paradox? – She starts by mentioning the sound of a fly, cutting across the air at the amount of her death. Although this could also be seen as a metaphor, it is also a paradox, because one doesn't hear anything at the moment of death.
What tone do you hear in the poem Why might Dickinson insert the fly into this deathbed scene? – The tone is disappointment. The fly disturbs the speakers peaceful way to dying on her deathbed.
What is literary devices in a story? – Literary devices are specific techniques that allow a writer to convey a deeper meaning that goes beyond what's on the page. Literary devices work alongside plot and characters to elevate a story and prompt reflection on life, society, and what it means to be human.
What happens after the soul makes her choice? – What happens after the soul makes her choice in the poem "The soul selects her own society"? It doesn't choose anyone else. What comparisons does the speaker make in the poem "The brain is wider than the sky"?


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The Correlation Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in a Community-Based Population
A. K. Behera, P.K. Rathor, S. R. Nahak, C. Marndi .
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 2022, Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages 3233-3242
Background: In individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), those on hemodialysis, and those with stage 3–5 chronic kidney disease, reduced kidney function is linked to low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (CKD). However, there is a scarcity of epidemiological data on the link between HDL-C levels and renal function in the general population with roughly normal kidney function, and the results are conflicting. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between HDL-C levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in an Indian community.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in the community. During routine health status assessments, a total of 4925 participants (ages 18–96 years; mean, 51.30±11.98 years) were recruited. Each participant's age, smoking status, and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were all determined using a questionnaire. We took each participant's BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid, and serum creatinine levels. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to calculate eGFR.
Results: The first quartile (lowest quartile) of eGFR had a greater HDL-C level than the fourth quartile (the highest quartile). Additionally, as eGFR decreased, HDL-C levels declined. HDL-C levels were related to eGFR (r=0.16), according to Pearson's correlation analysis. HDL-C was shown to be linked with all quartiles of eGFR in the subjects after controlling for various covariates.
Conclusions: In a community-dwelling general population, HDL-C was found to be linked with kidney function independently. As eGFR fell, the link between low HDL-C levels and lower eGFR became stronger.
(2022). The Correlation Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in a Community-Based Population. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 9(3), 3233-3242.
A. K. Behera, P.K. Rathor, S. R. Nahak, C. Marndi .. "The Correlation Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in a Community-Based Population". European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 9, 3, 2022, 3233-3242.
(2022). 'The Correlation Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in a Community-Based Population', European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 9(3), pp. 3233-3242.
The Correlation Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimation in a Community-Based Population. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 2022; 9(3): 3233-3242.


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Farming Technologies
BluCurrent
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Siemens invests in Singapore Aquaculture Technologies
• Singapore Aquaculture Technologies (SAT) Pte Ltd secures Series A financing round totaling S$9.2 million
• Siemens Financial Services takes bulk share of investment
• Siemens Digital Industries continues technology partner role
Singapore Aquaculture Technologies (SAT) Pte Ltd, a pioneer in utilizing closed containment systems for fish farming, announced today the finalization of a Series A financing round totaling S$9.2 million.
The main part of this equity investment comes from Siemens Financial Services (SFS) via Siemens Project Ventures GmbH – the financing arm of global technology company, Siemens AG. As SAT's first institutional shareholder, the investment from SFS accounts for a significant minority stake in the company.
Founders Dirk Eichelberger and Michael Voigtmann view Siemens' entry as a validation of their strategy to become the leading supplier of data- and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven aquaculture solutions, in addition to producing premium fish products under their BluCurrent label.
"We are absolutely thrilled that Siemens, which started off as our technology partner, is now also invested in us as our first institutional investor," commented CEO Dirk Eichelberger.
"Siemens is deeply committed to sustainability and this is reflected in both our investment and technologies," said Steffen Grosse, CEO of Equity Finance at Siemens Financial Services. "By investing in SAT, we hope to further support sustainable food production and help Singapore to achieve its "30 by 30" goal of 30% local food production by 2030."
SAT launched its first Smart Floating Fish Farm in February 2020. Unlike traditional fish farms, the solution is scalable and is equipped with a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) – a closed system that creates a controlled environment through a multi-level water treatment process. In addition, the farm integrates a high degree of automation, an efficient solar energy management solution, self-regulated control cycles and artificial intelligence within a Farm Management Information System to achieve a productive, scalable and environmentally friendly operation.
Siemens Digital Industries implemented an end-to-end digital solution for the smart farm, which included totally integrated automation with smart sensors and connectivity to the IoT operating system MindSphere. A dedicated application helps to monitor operations and process data across a secure network.
During the farm's launch in February 2020, SAT and Siemens had signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for enhanced collaboration in commercializing and scaling Aquaculture 4.0 technologies in ASEAN and beyond. The two partners will now take the next steps to this enhanced collaboration with two additional smart farms in Singapore, slated to be ready by September 2021. These additions will increase SAT's fish production capacity to over 1000 tons per year.
In parallel with the investment by SFS, Siemens has also signed a Strategic Collaboration Agreement with SAT, to partner with SAT in its future growth plans in Singapore and globally, which could include further enhancements to the technology solutions.
Contact for journalists:
Sharon Teo
Siemens Pte Ltd
Email: sharon.teo@siemens.com
Singapore Aquaculture Technologies (SAT) is a sustainable aquaculture company, focusing on data and AI-driven processes and analytics. The company's motto is "Teaming up with Nature", following which natural processes are complemented with technology to create sustainable scalable solutions.
In aquaculture SAT has been a pioneer for tank based closed containment systems on floating structures. It has also set up a digitized smart floating fish farm that incorporates a high degree of automation, self-regulated control cycles and AI elements next to a farm management information system.
SAT operates flow-through systems as well as Recirculation Aquaculture Systems (RAS) and runs its own floating hatchery for tropical food fish.
About Siemens
Siemens Financial Services (SFS) – the financing arm of Siemens – provides business-to-business financial solutions. A unique combination of financial expertise, risk management and industry know-how enable SFS to create tailored innovative financial solutions. With these, SFS facilitates growth, creates value, enhances competitiveness and helps customers access new technologies. SFS supports investments with equipment and technology financing and leasing, corporate lending, equity investments and project and structured financing. Trade and receivable financing solutions complete the SFS portfolio. With an international network, SFS is well adapted to country-specific legal requirements and able to provide financial solutions globally. Within Siemens, SFS is an expert adviser for financial risks. Siemens Financial Services has its global headquarters in Munich, Germany, and has around 2,800 employees worldwide. www.siemens.com/finance.
Siemens AG (Berlin and Munich) is a global technology powerhouse that has stood for engineering excellence, innovation, quality, reliability and internationality for more than 170 years. Active around the world, the company focuses on intelligent infrastructure for buildings and distributed energy systems and on automation and digitalization in the process and manufacturing industries. Siemens brings together the digital and physical worlds to benefit customers and society. Through Mobility, a leading supplier of intelligent mobility solutions for rail and road transport, Siemens is helping to shape the world market for passenger and freight services. Via its majority stake in the publicly listed company Siemens Healthineers, Siemens is also a world-leading supplier of medical technology and digital health services. In addition, Siemens holds a minority stake in Siemens Energy, a global leader in the transmission and generation of electrical power that has been listed on the stock exchange since September 28, 2020.
In fiscal 2020, which ended on September 30, 2020, the Siemens Group generated revenue of €57.1 billion and net income of €4.2 billion. As of September 30, 2020, the company had around 293,000 employees worldwide. Further information is available on the Internet at www.siemens.com.
© 2022 Singapore Aquaculture Technologies


Hey folks, after a long time of thinking about it and brewing on the idea, I've finally put up a rough database on www.algoriddim.com tracking riddims for a bunch of different albums.
So far, I have riddims tracked for about 16,000 of the songs in my collection. Some of you that are interested may find this useful. I just got the database design togther last night and have only gone live with data today.
Of course, any updates, additions or suggestions are welcome. Obviously I'll continue refining this in the months to come... If any of you are interested in database design and such I welcome your suggestions.


State Agency of Ukraine for the Management of the Exclusion Zone.
The mission of the Programme is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.
The Programme also hosts the secretariats of many critical multilateral environmental agreements and research bodies, bringing together nations and the environmental community to tackle the greatest challenges of our time.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) – an international organization established in 1991 during the signing of the resolution by the Council of Executive Directors of the World Bank and the relevant agreements between the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the program of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), with a membership of 182 states, international institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private companies. This organization works to improve the state of the global environment by supporting national sustainable development initiatives.
In 1994, at the Earth Summit in Rio, GEF was reorganized and left the World Bank system and became a permanent, separate institution.
GEF provides grants for various types of projects ranging from a few thousand to several million dollars. These are full-scale projects, medium-sized, programmatic approaches and incentive measures.
GEF acts as a donor through its executive agencies for the implementation of projects in the recipient countries. Thus, the funds are not transferred to the state but to the accounts of the executive agencies of the GEF.
The Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine is a central body of the executive branch, which activity is directed and coordinated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.
state supervision (control) over compliance with the requirements of the legislation on the environmental protection, rational use, reproduction and protection of the natural resources.
DAZV as a central executive body, said the focus of its activities on continuous improvement of quality management in the field of Chornobyl, creating conditions for creative, motivated, transparent and accountable approach when implementing software production activities, international technical assistance, as well as to eradicate manifestations of corruption, inactivity and ineffective use of budget funds.
DAZV sees contribute to the creation of an effective management system by introducing advanced science and technology, best practices and public consensus in Ukraine in creating a favorable investment climate (foreign investment) based on objective, understandable and predictable processes to in no way do they prevent companies from feeling and exercising their own responsibility for safe and efficient work.
DSA supports the creation of enterprises of such a management system, built on the principles of professionalism, responsibility for achieving the end result, a culture of security, and pursues a policy of reducing administrative pressure on enterprises that adhere to these principles.
Hello! Shure, yes, you can.


I recommend tortoise supply esp. if your buying a baby tortoise. They really care about their product and not just selling. They are good in communicating too!!!
Thank you for my beautiful and healthy baby Indian star!
Got him yesterday the 9th July 13. He is so cute and very active. Thanks a lot Tyler looking forward to buying more tortoises from you again soon.
He looks great, eats like a pig and is really curious about everything. Super happy, shipping was fast and I couldn't ask for better communication.
INDIAN STARS ARE WELCOMED IN MASSAPEQUA PARK, NEW ORK !!!
Totally Quality On Every Aspect Of Sales,Description,Maintenance & Delivery !! The Exact Dedication From Wonderful Couple From The Desert In Neveda,To The Surf Side In Long Island New York !!
Just wonderful, very active and eating up a stor already! Thank you!!
I have been keeping turtles and tortoises for 31 years and these stars may be the best quality I have ever seen. Great coloration and feeding same day as delivered. I would recomend Tortoise Supply to anyone.


Hi, I'm Molly and I'm here to help you tell your story.
I write my clients' stories and promote their businesses from the beautiful beach town of Santa Cruz, California.
My clients are typically mission-driven companies from the San Francisco Bay Area who need help explaining to the world what they do and who they serve. Some of my projects include ghostwriting blog articles about everything from climate change to ransomware attacks and providing in-depth content strategy for nonprofits and profit-driven brands in social services, environmental advocacy, health, entertainment, tech, and marketing.
When I'm not writing for my clients, I'm typically writing about natural and cultural history and my outdoor adventures throughout the Santa Cruz area and beyond. You can find my work in several online publications, including Visit Santa Cruz County, Mobile Ranger, Santa Cruz Life, and Hilltromper.
Before I launched my own business, I received a bachelors in environmental studies from UC Santa Cruz. I then moved on to work with environmental non-profits as an educator, visitor services coordinator, and board member. I've always been a listener and an observer, but this work inspired me to pay close attention to the natural world around me and to our role within it. I now apply this focus to my clients and their business, paying close attention to what they do and how they impact their community.
Interested in learning more about how you can grow your business through writing and content marketing strategy? Join my newsletter below to receive free monthly insights that will boost your authority, strengthen your content, and expand your audience.
If it sounds like we could work well together, I'd love to hear from you. Send me a message through my contact form or find me on Twitter @molly_ressler.


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Home | Tech News | Nokia True Wireless earbuds launched in India priced at Rs. 9,999
Nokia True Wireless earbuds launched in India priced at Rs. 9,999
Ever since HMD Global brought back Nokia to the smartphone world, the brand has been on a roll. The company has been producing some excellent devices, that offer a great balance of performance and build quality. However, smartphones aren't the only thing Nokia is betting into, it seems. The company has launched its own wireless earbuds in India as well. And boy, do they look amazing.
Also read: Boat Airdopes 211 wireless earbuds launched in India for Rs 2,499
Nokia True Wireless Earbuds launched
Nokia's True Wireless Earbuds aren't completely new. The company had launched them globally back in October. Since then, the product has been in the limelight for many awards. In fact, the product also won the iFDesign Award 2019 recently. Coming to the earbuds themselves, the Nokia True Wireless Earbuds are lightweight (5 grams per earbud) and feature a compact form factor. They are available in a single black color. The wireless earbuds are equipped with IPX4 rating which makes them resistant to sweat and splashes.
The wireless earbuds make use of Bluetooth 5.0 technology for pairing it with your smartphones. Nokia claims that the earbuds are rated to deliver 3.5 hours of playback and 4 hours of talk time on a single charge. It comes in a cylindrical charging case that allows users to carry and charge the earbuds when not in use. You can use the USB Type-C port to charge this case. The True Wireless Earbuds come in three different sizes of small, medium and large.
Nokia True Wireless Earbuds price in India
The Nokia True Wireless Earbuds are priced at Rs 9,999. Interested consumers can purchase it from Nokia India website and select offline stores. At its price, the Nokia True Wireless Earbuds certainly don't come cheap. However, they do appear to be pretty good. We will be reviewing them soon, so make sure to stay tuned to Mr. Phone for all the updates.
HMD GlobalnokiaNokia True Wireless Earbuds
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