Total roundwood removals refer to the total amount of wood that has been removed from the forest as a result of loggings. It consists of all commercially cut trees as well as timber and energy wood cut for household use.
The annual roundwood removals fluctuated around 50 million cubic meters at the end of the 1980s. During the recession at the beginning of 1990s roundwood removals declined notably, but increased soon again and reached 60 million cubic meters by the early 2000s. After a new temporary fall in 2009 roundwood removals have been increasing briskly again. A new all-time record of 68 million cubic meters was reached in 2015.
Total annual roundwood removals have fluctuated more in southern than in northern Finland. Over the period 1990–2015 they increased in southern Finland by 30% and by nearly 60% in northern Finland.
Log removals increased in the 1990s partly faster than total roundwood removals. The increase in the removals of spruce logs was particularly pronounced in southern Finland, more than 50% during 1990–1999. Over the same period the removals of pine and deciduous tree logs both increased about 15%.
During the 2000s spruce log removals have declined in southern Finland and, during the past few years, also pine log removals have gone down slightly. The removals of deciduous tree logs (mainly birches) seem to fluctuate without a clear trend.
In northern Finland, excepting the rapid fluctuations in 2007–2010, there has been a rising trend in the removals of pine logs during the whole period. Spruce log removals, on the contrary, have remained at approximately the same level since 1990. The volume of deciduous tree log removals is small in northern Finland.
The harvesting of wood chips has increased rapidly during the 2000s. Approximately one third of the harvested wood chips consist of logging residues such the tops and branches of cut trees. 47% of the energy wood consists of small-sized trees, the by-products of thinnings in young forests. The share of small-sized trees has grown notably since 2000. Stumps and roots cover 14% of all energy wood.
The harvesting of wood chips has grown the whole 2000s, except in 2007. In 2012 wood chips were used in energy plants and private households altogether 7.6 million cubic meters. That is ten-fold compared to the year 2000.
During the past years the total roundwood removals has remained at a clearly lower level than the total increment of the growing stock. Based on these figures, the Finnish forestry may be considered sustainable. However, the steady growth of the growing stock which began in the 1960s is largely a result of the drainage of mires and other intensive forestry practices. These have resulted in the sharp decline of pristine mires (MI1 and MI5) and dead wood (FO6), for example. The annual increment is at its peak when the growing stock consists of young trees.
As a result of the high level of roundwood removals very few tree stands reach old-growth state in commercial forests. Intense roundwood removals and the increasing use of wood chips for fuel decreases also the amount of dead wood present in forests. In managed forests the natural drain of wood has been almost completely replaced by the drain caused by harvesting. In natural conditions living trees eventually die as a result of, for example, fungal outbreaks, storms or forest fires and are then left to decompose on the spot. The drain caused by humans leaves very little dead wood in the forest and differs very much in this respect from the natural drain. Numerous endangered species are dependent upon either old-growth forests or dead wood.
According to current forestry guidelines, there are some trees left untouched also in clearcutting areas. The amount of dead wood has grown slightly in the Southern Finland (FO6), which is probably due to new practices.
This indicator will be updated annually in April-May.


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Home / Business News / Warren Buffett is keeping quiet during the coronavirus crisis. We asked 8 Reddit users to speculate on what he's doing.
Warren Buffett is keeping quiet during the coronavirus crisis. We asked 8 Reddit users to speculate on what he's doing.
Warren Buffett has kept a strangely low profile as the coronavirus outbreak continues to shake markets.
The billionaire boss of Berkshire Hathaway, armed with a $128 billion cash pile, could capitalize on the recent sell-off to bolster his portfolio or throw a lifeline to companies as he did during the financial crisis.
We asked investing enthusiasts on Reddit to speculate on what Buffett is up to, and their suggestions included biding his time, boosting his Apple and Amazon stakes, investing in Google, and striking bailout deals.
Warren Buffett has been unusually quiet for weeks as the coronavirus pandemic and oil shocks continue to rattle global markets, leading many to wonder what he's doing.
The famed investor's Berkshire Hathaway conglomerate boasted a $128 billion cash pile at the end of December, which Buffett has been itching to deploy for years. The recent market meltdown may have allowed him to bolster his portfolio at bargain prices.
Moreover, companies ranging from airlines and casinos to hotels and cruise lines are suffering from travel restrictions and lockdowns in response to the coronavirus. They could look to Buffett for help, given he bailed out Goldman Sachs, General Electric, and other companies during the 2008 financial crisis.
Buffett and his partner, Charlie Munger, should spill a few of the beans at Berkshire's annual shareholder meeting on May 2. In the meantime, we asked a bunch of investing enthusiasts on Reddit to speculate on what he's been up to.
Read more: An expert at Boyar Research lays out the Warren Buffett-inspired investing approach that's helped the firm crush the market for 7 years — and offers 4 stock picks for a coronavirus-battered market
Here's what eight of them told us, purely based on speculation and their personal views:
1. NiceAccountName
"The man's 89, he has to be acutely aware that Covid-19 could wipe him out in a heartbeat. He doesn't have time to ride out and profit from another long recession, so he's probably just getting his ducks in a row."
2. Throwawayin2020
"Berkshire has lost almost $100 billion in market capitalization, I'm sure Buffett isn't happy about it. His silence and Munger's recent comments make me think they're very cautious right now, possibly because they think it's going to get worse and there may be better deals to be had."
3. CloseThePodBayDoors
"My guess, he can't predict the trajectory of this crisis, and so can't do anything that doesn't reek of gambling. That's not his style. I suspect his dealings during the financial crisis were right up his alley. He was younger then and this is a lot messier than a few banks teetering.
He's probably sitting home, safe, waiting for Munger to say, 'Let's do something.'"
Read more: Meet the 20-year-old day-trading phenom who's turned $20,000 into more than $1 million. He details his precise strategy — and shares how he made $11,400 in 2 minutes.
4. Jowemaha
"My view is that big daddy Buffett is buying stocks. If you read his and Charlie's most recent comments, they are careful to dispel the notion that they are grabbing everything up. Which tells me that that's exactly what they are doing."
Jowemaha also suggested bailouts could be on the cards in a Reddit thread about Buffett's moves.
"Just like 2008, Buffett will save companies, do real good for the economy, and make out like a bandit."
5. Million2026
"I can see Buffett establishing greater positions in a number of stocks. Most likely he's been adding more to his Amazon position. Apple as well.
I'd say JPMorgan is a possibility. As a wild card, he may he developing a position in Google as he's been an admirer of how entrenched the company is. I also think he's taking advantage of uncertainty in the oil market to buy more oil producer and energy stocks. Suncor Energy being one perhaps."
Read more: Tim Bratz went from flipping $14,000 houses to a 3,472-unit portfolio worth $275 million. Here's the 'amazing' investment strategy he employs to build his long-term wealth.
6. lloydgross24
"Buying stocks. He's always looking for value and there's plenty of opportunity to find some now. Before all this is over, I expect he will act similarly to 2007-2008 and provide money for businesses in exchange for warrants while also buying stock.
Trimming his airline stakes could mean he's freeing up some cash for better opportunities. If I were to guess what stocks he was buying, I'd say more banks since the Financial Select Sector SPRD Fund is down 30% for the year. Long-term value to be had."
7. YourBostonRealtor
"Buffett isn't waiting for a recession, he's waiting for the market to reflect a recession. He's a giant who sleeps through bull markets, and he's just woken up. Now he's sitting in his bathrobe, reading the paper and sipping coffee, waiting for the market to reflect the reality of the economy so he can get a big discount.
A lot of people expect him to buy Boeing. That's a possibility, but Boeing has real business problems that existed before coronavirus. Buffett has always preferred a wonderful business at a good price — Boeing was a mediocre business before the recession.
I find it much more likely Buffett will prefer airline stocks like Southwest, or retail stocks like TJX and Ross, all of which have strong fundamentals and will be in a much better position to recover post-coronavirus, despite being almost equally hard-hit."
Read more: Morgan Stanley explains why the end of wild swings in the stock market is near — and shares the perfect trade to profit from the calm ahead
8. TipasaNuptials
"Berkshire could have bought $10 billion in Amazon stock on the open market in recent weeks and no one would have noticed given its remarkable rally. And it doesn't have to be Amazon, could have been Apple or Coke or any existing holding.
It also wouldn't surprise me if he bailed out some companies or helped them as he did with Occidental Petroleum, but I'd discount that idea. There is just too much money being pumped in the system right now, too much easy credit being used or extended. I think the crisis and tight conditions would have to prevail for much longer, and companies really start to bleed, before Warren the shark would go in for the kill.
And maybe Berkshire missed their opportunity! I don't know, we'll have to see."
NOW WATCH: What makes 'Parasite' so shocking is the twist that happens in a 10-minute sequence
Warren Buffett is keeping quiet during the coronavirus crisis. We asked 8 Reddit users to speculate on what he's doing. Reviewed by Diamond District Block on 4/25/2020 03:42:00 am Rating: 5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Quality is the key to a long lasting timepiece. Every Heritor watch has an automatic or hand wound mechanical movement. HERITOR watches are built for generations. A HERITOR watch can be worn by father; son; grandson and great grandson. Pass it on to the next generation.


Poss. HM George I's 15-Great Grandmother. Poss. U.S. President [WASHINGTON]'s 16-Great Grandmother. Poss. PM Churchill's 19-Great Grandmother. Poss. Lady Diana's 21-Great Grandmother. Poss. PM Cameron's 22-Great Grandmother. Poss. Agnes Harris's 18-Great Grandmother. Poss. `Osawatomie' Brown's 19-Great Grandmother.


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Earlier this year the UK Government released a White Paper called simply Giving. The motivation for the White Paper was twofold: first, the available evidence suggested a flat-lining of giving in the UK both in terms of time and money; second, a belief that government can stimulate a 'step change' in giving by making it easier and more compelling to give; and better supporting those organisations in need of increased funding so they are better able to source funds and utilise those funds effectively.
What measures are proposed in the White Paper to achieve an increase in giving in the UK?
First, new tax incentives and matching government funds for giving to specific programs. As the report notes, 'while donors do not generally give to benefit from tax breaks, the right fiscal measures can incentivise greater and more sustained giving' (p. 25). The 2011 UK Budget included a measure to reduce the rate of inheritance tax from 40% to 36% for estates leaving 10% or more to charity. The Budget Papers forecast an increase of £600 million over the lifetime of the Budget for this measure.
Providing matching government funds for private giving is another measure designed to support giving initiatives. An example cited is that of the Evening Standard Dispossessed Fund which was established to assist Londoners exit poverty. The UK Government contributed £2 million in two tranches to match funding from other sources.
Another approach highlighted in the Giving White Paper to encouraging giving is for government to celebrate giving, undertaking information campaigns to support giving particularly in schools and for government itself to lead by example through ministers and the civil service giving time for causes. A number of school-based programs have been supported by government including Giving Nation and Go-Givers (programs involving school students volunteering time to work with community projects and to raise money for community programs). The UK Government is also supporting payroll giving programs.
A third major area of support described in the Giving White Paper involves government investing in community organisations so that they are in a better position to seek and support giving options. The White Paper also refers to initiatives surrounding the provision of government physical and web space to assist organisations.
To read the complete paper see The Giving White Paper.


Singer-songwriter Melissa Etheridge will release her 15th album, The Medicine Show, on April 12 via Concord Records. Reunited with celebrated producer John Shanks (Keith Urban, Bon Jovi, Kelly Clarkson), the Grammy and Oscar winner will embark on a U.S. tour in support of the new album, kicking off April 10. Many of the dates are with Pat Benatar and Neil Giraldo (see below).
Etheridge will tour in support of the album. Tickets are available here and here.


Interesting point of view for students. Learn how colleges are being motivated to take a practical approach to online education. It is something prospective students – particularly adult learners looking to advance or change careers – already know needs to be bigger, smarter and more efficient.


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Addison Russell Is Out As Cubs Make Roster Moves
Filed Under:Addison Russell, Arbitration, Chicago, Chicago Cubs, Contracts, MLB, Sports
CHICAGO (CBS) — Addison Russell is off the Cubs, the team announced Monday.
Monday marked the deadline to for the team to choose whether to tender or renew 2020 contracts for unsigned players on the team's 40-man roster.
Russell will not be getting a new contract and is off the team.
Last season, Russell served a 40-game suspension for violating Major League Baseball's domestic violence policy. Accused of domestic abuse by his ex-wife, Russell in February called his "past behaviors wrong and unacceptable."
In December 2018, after their divorce, Russell's ex-wife, Melisa Reidy said Russell had kicked down a bedroom door, ripped their infant son from her arms, grabbed her by the shirt and threw her across the room.
The Cubs reacted with the suspension.
Meanwhile Monday, the Cubs agreed to terms with right-handed pitcher Jharel Cotton for a 2020 contract. Cotton was acquired from the Oakland A's on Nov. 23.
Six other arbitration-eligible players were renewed – infielders Javier Báez and Kris Bryant, outfielders Albert Almora and Kyle Schwarber along with catcher Willson Contreras and left-handed pitcher Kyle Ryan.
Also not being renewed is pitcher Danny Hultzen, who was not eligible for arbitration.
The Cubs now have 36 players in place on a 40-man roster.
https://twitter.com/Cubs/status/1201650088361254918


text:
NXTDIGITAL Limited's rights issue subscribed by 1.94 times, receives Rs. 560.13 crores
NXTDIGITAL Limited today announced that the Company's Rights Issue of Equity Shares of 2 shares for every 5 shares held in the Company (aggregating a total of 96,20,463 shares) which closed on November 29th, 2021 was subscribed 1.94 times. The company reported receiving a total of Rs. 560.13 crores or 194% of the Rights Issue size of Rs. 288.61 crores.
This, the Company says is a clear statement of confidence in the Company demonstrated by the Shareholders; and vindicates the vision of the media group in continuing to transform to an end-to-end digital solutions platform.
Said Vynsley Fernandes, Managing Director and CEO of NXTDIGITAL Limited "The Rights Issue was another positive step taken by the company towards our stated objective of reducing our overall debt. With this, the debt-to-equity ratio is expected to significantly come down to approximately 1.5 times vis-�-vis the pre-issue debt-to-equity ratio of over 4 times. This is without doubt, a robust position from which to continue on our path of digital transformation".
The Company has been taking conscious steps to liquidate non-core assets and pare its debt thereby. According to Amar Chintopanth, Wholetime Director and CFO of NXTDIGITAL "In line with the company's objectives of paring debt, against the sale of land at Hyderabad, the Company has already received 25% of the total consideration of Rs 69.30 crores. Considering that the conditions precedent for the sale have been completed within the agreed timelines the Company expects the transaction to close before the end of the financial year and the entire proceeds to be realized. Such proceeds would also be utilized towards reducing of the Company's debt".
NXTDIGITAL has established itself as a premier integrated digital platforms company with a presence in over 1,500 cities and towns across India, covering nearly 4,500 pin codes today. It remains India's only integrated platform offering digital cable, satellite via its HITS or Headend-In-The-Sky platform and broadband, with speeds up to 1,000Mbps. It recently launched its innovative concept of ownedand-operated NXTHUBs across the country – which besides video and broadband, are future-ready to offer customers a slew of additional digital services including OTT and WiFi.
Besides continuing to clock significant growth in its broadband business, NXTDIGITAL will also operationalise the infrastructure sharing model with other Multi-System Operators (MSOs) on HITS, which has secured permissions to become India's first digital content distribution PaaS platform. The model will help MSOs not just reduce cost and improve their quality of service, but also facilitate their expansion into markets, especially rural, where connectivity costs are a deterrent to digital proliferation. At a recent event, the hon'ble Chairman of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) also pointed out that "This (infrastructure sharing)�..will help stakeholders to save costs and become more competitive".
Shares of NXTDIGITAL LIMITED was last trading in BSE at Rs. 363.95 as compared to the previous close of Rs. 357.70. The total number of shares traded during the day was 1731 in over 217 trades.
The stock hit an intraday high of Rs. 370.95 and intraday low of 354.45. The net turnover during the day was Rs. 625610.00. Equity Bulls
Hathway Cable & Datacom acquires balance 3.64% stake in subsidiary Hathway Kokan Crystal; Stock up 1%
Amazon's cloud unit launches new chips to tackle Intel, Nvidia


text:
{{Infobox Cinéma (personnalité)
 | nom               = Everett McGill
 |image              = Everett McGill by Gage Skidmore.jpg
 |upright            =
 | légende           =
 | nom de naissance  = Charles Everett McGill III
 | surnom            =
 | date de naissance = 21 octobre 1945
 | lieu de naissance = Miami Beach, Floride, États-Unis
 | date de décès     =
 | lieu de décès     =
 | nationalité       = Américaine
 | profession        = Acteur
 | films notables    = La Guerre du feuDuneLe Maitre de guerrePermis de tuer
 | séries notables   = Twin Peaks | site web          =
}}

Everett McGill, né le  à Miami Beach, en Floride, est un acteur américain de cinéma. Il interprète surtout de nombreux rôles de militaires.

Il a tenu le rôle principal dans La Guerre du feu de Jean-Jacques Annaud. Il a aussi joué le personnage de "Big" Ed Hurley, le garagiste, dans la série télévisée Twin Peaks.

 Filmographie succincte

 1979 : Yanks de John Schlesinger
 1980 : Brubaker de Stuart Rosenberg
 1980 : Union City de Marcus Reichert
 1981 : La Guerre du feu de Jean-Jacques Annaud : Naoh 1984 : Dune de David Lynch : Stilgar 1985 : Peur bleue (Silver Bullet) de Daniel Attias : Révérend Lester Lowe 1986 : Le Maître de guerre de Clint Eastwood
 1986 : Field of Honor de Hans Scheepmaker
 1988 : Iguana de Monte Hellman
 1989 : Permis de tuer de John Glen : Ed Killifer 1990 : Mystères à Twin Peaks de David Lynch : Ed Hurley 1990 : Jezebel's Kiss de Harvey Keith
 1991 : Le Sous-sol de la peur de Wes Craven : l'homme, copropriétaire du ghetto, surnommé "Papa" par sa sœur
 1995 : Piège à grande vitesse de Geoff Murphy : Marcus Penn
 1996 : Président ? Vous avez dit président ? (My Fellow Americans) : Colonel Paul Tanner
 1998 : Jekyll Island de Ken Du Puis
 1999 : Une histoire vraie de David Lynch
 2017 : Twin Peaks'' (saison 3) : Ed Hurley

Liens externes

Acteur américain
Acteur de James Bond
Naissance en octobre 1945
Naissance à Miami Beach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


AnastasiaDate is part of an international IT services & Customer Relationship Management company specializing in development, promotion and management of internet projects – Dating.com Group Limited.
It is the leader in the field of international Internet acquaintances. We connect people all over the world and help them create close-knit, happy families. Starting from 1993, our advanced technologies and knowhow have helped thousands of people find their love, friends, and like-mended persons, and successfully learn many new things about foreign countries.
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I got in on the MRE deal that's been floating around various forums. Two cases of MREs for $90 plus shipping, from the good folks at armygear.net. These are legit, military style MREs. Mine had $30 shipping, which is fair considering its 24 MREs--a hefty load. So, price delivered came to $120, $5 per meal, which is substantially less than I've seen them for other places. They usually run about $7-$8 each, before shipping.
They take them out of the military MRE cases to save on shipping costs, which is a bit of a pain--they're basically loose MRE meals. And I've discovered that unlike the various components inside an MRE, the full meal package doesn't have any date code that I've been able to discern.
At first I thought they were mixed from a few different production years, as the 24 MREs came with three different styles of designs. A little concerned, I turned to MREinfo.com and found out that they are 2008-production, and the .mil has been testing three different package designs--four of each per case. The menus appear to line up accordingly. So my MREs are 2008 production--fine and dandy, especially considering the price.
If you're in the market for MREs, this is the deal to jump in on. According to their site, it's a "promotional price" but has been running for a couple months, so no idea when the price will change.


text:
/*************************************************************************/
/*  event_player.h                                                       */
/*************************************************************************/
/*                       This file is part of:                           */
/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
/*                    http://www.godotengine.org                         */
/*************************************************************************/
/* Copyright (c) 2007-2017 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
/* Copyright (c) 2014-2017 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md)    */
/*                                                                       */
/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining */
/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the       */
/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including   */
/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,   */
/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to    */
/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to */
/* the following conditions:                                             */
/*                                                                       */
/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
/*                                                                       */
/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,       */
/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF    */
/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,  */
/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE     */
/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                */
/*************************************************************************/
#ifndef EVENT_PLAYER_H
#define EVENT_PLAYER_H

#include "scene/main/node.h"
#include "scene/resources/event_stream.h"
class EventPlayer : public Node {

	OBJ_TYPE(EventPlayer, Node);

	enum {
		MAX_CHANNELS = 256
	};

	Ref<EventStreamPlayback> playback;
	Ref<EventStream> stream;
	bool paused;
	bool autoplay;
	bool loops;
	float volume;

	float tempo_scale;
	float pitch_scale;

	float channel_volume[MAX_CHANNELS];
	bool _play;
	void _set_play(bool p_play);
	bool _get_play() const;

protected:
	void _notification(int p_what);

	static void _bind_methods();

public:
	void set_stream(const Ref<EventStream> &p_stream);
	Ref<EventStream> get_stream() const;

	void play();
	void stop();
	bool is_playing() const;

	void set_paused(bool p_paused);
	bool is_paused() const;

	void set_loop(bool p_enable);
	bool has_loop() const;

	void set_volume(float p_vol);
	float get_volume() const;

	void set_volume_db(float p_db);
	float get_volume_db() const;

	void set_pitch_scale(float p_scale);
	float get_pitch_scale() const;

	void set_tempo_scale(float p_scale);
	float get_tempo_scale() const;

	String get_stream_name() const;

	int get_loop_count() const;

	float get_pos() const;
	void seek_pos(float p_time);
	float get_length() const;
	void set_autoplay(bool p_vol);
	bool has_autoplay() const;

	void set_channel_volume(int p_channel, float p_volume);
	float get_channel_volume(int p_channel) const;

	float get_channel_last_note_time(int p_channel) const;

	EventPlayer();
	~EventPlayer();
};

#endif // EVENT_PLAYER_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
CfP: edited collection "Doctor Who and Science" Deadline: June 30, 2019.
May 31, 2019 | CFP, CFPs books/edited collections | 0
In 1963 Doctor Who began with the purported intention of using drama to teach science. Since then it has inspired many people to pursue scientific careers and the science presented in it has lived on in new contexts from stage shows to the classroom. The program is now the world's longest running science fiction series. The recent re-casting of the title role with a female actor has served to reinvigorate its global popularity and interest, in part because some commentators see the Doctor as a scientist role model.
At different times Doctor Who's production personnel have been from science backgrounds (1960s writer Kit Pedler), been avid readers of New Scientist (1970s producer Barry Letts) or wanting to make 'hard science' the substance of drama (1980s script editor Christopher H. Bidmead). Others have been more cavalier, and science can be either surface dressing or essential to the plot. The extent to which the central character has reinforced her or his role and credentials as a scientist has varied across decades. Scientific dialogue can be scrupulously researched or careless nonsense. The science fiction in the show can be derivative from the genre (traction beams, teleporters) or novel.
This collection is to pull together the latest research into a volume that examines the dramatic use and possibly abuse of science in Doctor Who and how it characterises, celebrates or terrifies with science.
Advice for contributors
This edited collection is under contract with McFarland.
This call for papers is for abstracts of up to 250 words explaining the focus and approach the contributor/s' chapter will take.
Contributions can consider any of the show's different incarnations (1963-1989, 1996, 2005-), its spin-off television series and other Doctor Who media such as novels and audio plays. Contributions addressing how Doctor Who has been used to promote public engagement with science, including through exhibitions in science museums and popular science works, are also welcome.
Contributors might like to consider the social, political, ideological, cultural and economic aspects of science as a way to approach the series and its content, as well as its depictions of scientist characters and scientific knowledge.
The proposed volume is intended to be scholarly but accessible in tone and approach. Each contribution should be 6000-8000 words all inclusive. We cannot accept contributions that require the reproduction of images unless you already hold the rights to reproduce them.
Suggested reading and key documents are available at https://doctorwhoandscience.wordpress.com/
Email abstracts to both marcus.harmes@usq.edu.au and lindy.orthia@anu.edu.au by 30 June 2019.
Associate Professor Marcus Harmes is author of Doctor Who and the Art of Adaptation (2013) and Roger Delgado: I am Usually Referred to as the Master (2017) and contributed chapters to Doctor Who and Race, Doctor Who and History and Time and Relative Dimensions in Faith. He is the author of numerous studies on popular culture, science fiction and the history of British television.
Dr Lindy Orthia is a senior lecturer in science communication whose research interests include studies of science in popular fiction. She has published extensively on representations of science in Doctor Who, examining intersections in the program between science and politics, ethics, gender, race and environmental disaster. She is the editor of Doctor Who and Race (2013).
PreviousCall for chapters: Grimm – Sociocultural and Philosophical Essays. Deadline: June 10, 2019.
NextWHY DO WE LOVE SOAPS? THE RELEVANCE OF SERIALIZED CONTENT PRODUCTION by Manuel José Damásio
Call for abstracts: edited collection "Food and Cooking on Early European Television". Deadline: Oct 26, 2018.
CfP: conference "Adaptation and the Protean Poetics of Margaret Atwood". Feb 01, 2019 @ Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon (FR). Deadline: Sept 30, 2018.
CfP: Feminist Media Studies special issue: "gender and transnational media". Deadline: Nov 30, 2019.
CfP: "Millennial Masculinities: Queers, Pimp Daddies and Lumbersexuals" Dec 10-11, 2019 @ Massey University, Wellington (NZ) Deadline: Aug 30, 2019.


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WHAT YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT HOLLYWOOD
In Hollywood, the car wash has replaced the church house.
Well-defined abs and toned calves are equal to two years at Juilliard.
People won't eat meat because it doesn't digest well with cocaine and Ambien.
You can meet your favorite stars in the streets and tell them their movies suck.
The same thirty-two "celebs" desperately gather in the "hottest" dark place and then pretend they're not there.
Entering the Hollywood city limits immediately qual- ifies you as an expert in all fields of filmmaking, especially writing, directing and acting.
My trainer and my pest control guy can get together and write the next big thing for my pool guy.
A good old-fashioned sex tape pretty much guarantees you a star on Hollywood Boulevard.
You have to be "seen" if you want to be "back."
Exotic car salesmen have to be nice to everyone, including the dirtiest, most unkempt kid, who usually has the most money.
Growing up is box-office poison.
Hollywood — that great symbol of
entertainment located right smack in Canada.
"Foreign policy" means knowing someone in Vancouver who can score you good weed when you're shooting there.
Nobody uses a laptop because it's too hard to balance a computer on an aspiring actor/actress' head.
Twenty-five percent of the people work in the movie/TV biz; the other seventy-five percent work for TMZ.com.
Every movie that's ever been made will have been remade by the year 2019.
All it takes to get a flick greenlit is a vigorous handy to a studio head (even the female studio heads). A marketing budget, though? That'll cost ya.
You don't get paid ridiculous amounts of money to work in the industry; you'd do that for free. What you get paid ridiculous amounts of money for is accepting the fact that you work in the same industry that never gave an Emmy to The Wire, canceled Arrested Development and produced Beverly Hills Chihuahua.
In about five minutes, Drew Barrymore's gonna fall in love again. And this time? It's for real.
People buy the Sunday New York Times for the sole purpose of making sure their names are included in the paid ads, as contractu- ally negotiated. Once this is done, the same people will read In Touch Weekly from cover to cover.
Anal is so '90s; now it's all about spinal.
There's nothing wrong with this town that can't be fixed in post.
The beautiful weather is great for driving to the gym.
If you're an A-list star, the cops give you one "freebie" murder. After that, you're just like any other dude.
Even in Hollywood, no one knows what a gaffer does.
People here don't get excited when they see celebrities. At least, that's been my experience.
I've paid thirty dollars for a hamburger. And it was still "ish."
In Hollywood, hookers give you head shots.
Everyone voted for Crash to win an Academy Award to relieve the guilt of not having spoken to a black guy in years.
The casting couch is actually more of a futon. At least, in my condo it is.
In Hollywood, stars have to give their agents ten percent of everything they earn. That's why I never give more than ninety percent when I perform.
If you agree to play golf, somehow that helps charity — I'm not sure how.
The Hollywood sign: made of solid cocaine.
"Having your vulva waxed" has nothing to do with your car.
In Hollywood, you lawnmower and dishwasher are actual human beings.
When crossing the street, look both ways for Paris Hilton or Lindsay Lohan.
The Hollywood sign doesn't really exist. It was all done in photoshop.
Carpooling means being pick up by your limo.
"The hassle of buying a new car" means telling your business manager what color you want.
In Hollywood, you get a gift basket for attending an AA meeting.
That crazy person you see talking to himself on the street is just an agent wearing a Bluetooth earpiece.
No screenplay typed at Starbucks has ever turned into a movie.
The most popular method of losing weight in Los Angeles: moving to the Midwest.
Chris Kattan
In Hollywood, Zen is commonly found either by attending a yoga class, playing golf or buying a tea bag that says Zen on it.
Every four minutes, someone has an original idea for a new reality show that centers on them.
If you don't have TiVo, then you must be poor.
When beginning a serious relationship, you should only be involved with a movie star/actor, rock star/band member or a good-looking professional athlete.
Masturbating means you're in a monogamous relationship.
The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf on Sunset Boulevard is already considered a historical monument.
Shopping at Whole Foods automatically means you're environmentally friendly.
"Way down south" is actually Orange County.
If you don't know how to "text" on your BlackBerry/Treo/cellphone while driving, then you're just plain stupid.
Drinking a Red Bull means you're sober.
Take Fountain. When Johnny Carson asked Bette Davis the best way to get into Hollywood, she famously replied, "Take Fountain." That still holds true today. It's a zippy route through the West Hollywood traffic morass.
Hollywood is fueled by Diet Coke. It's like agent crack. Producer meth. Actor speed. On any set or production, there is usually a refrigerator fully stocked; even the The Office is fueled by the insidious, bubbly beverage. Only assis- tants drink Red Bull.
Surprising and true fact: Relatives constantly ask me about the corruption and degradation of show business, and I always let them know that, by far, most of the people I've ever worked with have families, and are kind and decent people who are trying to make the world a better place with quality entertain- ment. The douche bags are in the clubs and the gossip magazines and the car dealerships.
Everyone is working on a screenplay. The late, great Spalding Gray once did an experiment where he walked through a grocery store asking everyone how their screenplay was going. Everyone, including the bag boys, responded, "How did you know?"
When on the red carpet, if you're a character guy, you get a tiny handful of apathetic pictures taken by the bored photographers. When a hot little model- actress walks up, even if no one's ever heard of her, the press start snapping and barking like rabid dogs: "Hey, Glenda-Jo MacFludderhoff, look over here! Look here!"
"Passion" is the most overused word in Hollywood: "I'm passionate about this _______." (Insert "script," "actor," "project," "beverage," "Bolivian walnut.")
If your lunch gets pushed because of an unforeseen "thing that's come up," you are being shown your lower status on the Amway pyramid of Hollywood. Spielberg never gets his lunches pushed.
Some of the most amazing museums in the world are right here, but just ask anyone in the industry if they've ever been to the Norton Simon Museum or the Museum of Contemporary Art. Angelenos never go to their cultural institu- tions.
If Steve Carell is doing a "talking head" shot in his office on the set of our show and you can't find me anywhere, look in his trailer. I may, in fact, be going number two. I don't go in my own trailer — too stinky. It's kind of an alpha male thing. Sorry you had to learn about it this way, Steve.
?They always say: "Remember, it's show business, not show friends." Well, I say, "Can't we all just be show friends?"
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It must have a fraternal purpose. An organization has a fraternal purpose if membership is based on a common tie or the pursuit of a common object. The organization must also have a substantial program of fraternal activities.
It must operate under the lodge system or for the exclusive benefit of the members of a fraternal organization itself operating under the lodge system. Operating under the lodge system requires, at a minimum, two active entities: (i) a parent organization; and (ii) a subordinate (called a lodge, branch, or the like) chartered by the parent and largely self-governing.
It must provide for the payment of life, sick, accident, or other benefits to the members of such society, order, or association or their dependents.
An organization that provides benefits to some, but not all, of its members may qualify for exemption so long as most of the members are eligible for benefits, and criteria for excluding certain members are reasonable.
It must operate under the lodge system. Operating under the lodge system requires, at a minimum, two active entities: (i) a parent organization; and (ii) a subordinate organization (called a lodge, branch, or the like) chartered by the parent and largely self-governing.
It must not provide for the payment of life, sick, accident, or other benefits to its members. The organization may arrange with insurance companies to provide optional insurance to its members without jeopardizing its exempt status.
It must devote its net earnings exclusively to religious, charitable, scientific, literary, educational, and fraternal purposes.
It must be a domestic organization, that is, it must be organized in the United States.
To be exempt, a fraternal organization should apply for exemption.


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text:
Q: File.delete doesn't delete file In a unit test I create a file in the temp folder, after the tests I want to delete them.
 @After
    public void destroy() throws IOException {
        if (!new File(tempFile.toAbsolutePath().getParent().toString() + "\\file1.tmp").delete()) {
            System.out.println("file1.tmp not deleted");
        }
        if (!new File(tempFile.toAbsolutePath().getParent().toString() + "\\file2.log").delete()) {
            System.out.println("file2.log not deleted");
        }
        if (!new File(tempFile.toAbsolutePath().getParent().toString() + "\\file3.log").delete()) {
            System.out.println("file3.log not deleted");
        }
        if (!new File(tempFile.toAbsolutePath().getParent().toString() + "\\file4.log").delete()) {
            System.out.println("file4.log not deleted");
        }
    }

It deletes the files 1-3 without a single problem but I doensn't delete file4.
Normally File.delete should throw an IOException but it just returns false.
I used the same method for each file, the writer is closed after creating and writing the files.
I hope I didn't forget any information

A:
Normally File.delete should throw an IOException but it just returns false.

Ahem ...
File.delete does not throw an IOException if it fails to delete a file1.  It returns false.
As to why it is failing to delete the file, the most likely explanations are:

*

*The file is locked because something has it open.  Windows won't let you delete a file that is locked.

*The application doesn't have the required (OS level) access to delete the file due; i.e. it is a file or directory permission issue.
If you want to find out why the deletion is failing, the solution is to change your code to use Path and Files.delete(Path).  The methods in Files are designed throw exceptions.  In this case, the message should give the reason for the failure to delete.

1 - The only exception that the method is documented as throwing is SecurityException which will only be thrown if there is a SecurityManager active.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway ( BRK-A , BRK-B ) bet big on Apple and is winning big, too.
During the second quarter ended June 30, Berkshire Hathaway added nearly 12.4 million shares of Apple ( AAPL ), bringing its already massive stake in the iPhone maker to nearly 251.96 million shares, a position valued at over $52.8 billion when using Tuesday's market close of $209.75.
The iPhone maker has been a great investment for Berkshire, though Buffett has historically shied away from tech companies. The "Oracle of Omaha" has hinted , however, that his investment deputies— Ted Weschler and Todd Combs— were responsible for buying Apple.
According to data compiled by Bloomberg, Berkshire Hathaway's average cost-basis has been $141.18 per share. That means Berkshire has seen paper gains of more than $17.2 billion on its position, according to our calculations.
Apple is Berkshire Hathaway's largest equity position. Berkshire has been invested in the stock since the first quarter of 2016.
Buffett's big Apple bet has been a huge winner for Berkshire Hathaway.


text:
Among Bright Stars I'm Lost
February 17, 2009 November 23, 2019 by Lisa
Be sure to also read my other Battlestar Galactica posts.
I'm just now posting my thoughts on the last couple Battlestar Galactica episodes, specifically "No Exit," because I've still been processing the new information and what it means. In the past I've combined my BSG posts with my Thursday Thirteen posts, but since the Thursday Thirteen site seems to be gone for good I'm switching my list posts to a "Tuesday Ten" format. Beware of spoilers in this article.
(1) FAMILY REUNION AND KARA'S SPECIAL DESTINY
We now know who all of the thirteen (yes, THIRTEEN) Cylons are:
1- John Cavil
2- Leoben Conoy
3- D'Anna Biers
4- Simon
5- Aaron Doral
6- Caprica/Natalie/Shelly/Gina
7- Daniel the Artist
8- Sharon Valerii Agathon Boomer/Athena
9-13 Galen Tyrol, Samuel Anders, Ellen Tigh, Saul Tigh, and Tory Foster
Lingering questions: Who is Daniel? Was he modeled after Daniel Graystone? Why is it important that we know he was an artist? Is it significant that Starbuck has been painting in secret her whole life? Also, what is Starbuck's true nature? When Sam started talking about the eighth model, Daniel, everyone standing around his bed — which included the rest of the Five AND Starbuck — began to glow and the music queued up. Interestingly, BSG musical composer Bear McCreary ditched his usual episode musical analysis because "the unusual amount of fast-paced and essential dialog in these two shows left little room for big musical statements." It would have been interesting to see what he might have said about this musical cue.
(2) SAM'S HYBRID-SPEAK
Due to aphasia brought on by his head injury, Sam often spoke in gibberish in this episode. Because this injury opened the flood gates into his hidden memories, I wonder if this gibberish might be valuable because it sounds so similar to hybrid-speak. Here are a few choice lines from Sam:
Among bright stars I'm lost.
There is a new tide, and all the forgotten faces, all the forgotten children; we seek the great forgotten language.
[inaudible] but the colony never forgets.
The mind is its own place [inaudible] the hell of heaven.
He whose guile (screen shows Cavil) stirred with revenge. . .conceived [inaudible] under mankind.
And all the forgotten faces we seek—we've been to that beach too. Yes, we've been to that beach. [clips of beach on "Earth"] Sometimes Ellen would be there too because she loved the water. She loved the water.
UPDATE: It turns out that some of what Sam says comes from John Milton's "Paradise Lost":
Th' infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile
Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd [ 35 ]
The Mother of Mankind…
The mind is its own place, and in it self
Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n.
Many thanks to Daniel who noted this on Brad Templeton's No Exit Notes post.
UPDATE: Some of Ander's word salad come from Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel:
"A stone, a leaf, an unfound door; of a stone, a leaf, a door. And of all the forgotten faces. Naked and alone we came into exile. In her dark womb we did not know our mother's face; from the prison of her flesh we come into the unspeakable and incommunicable prison of this earth. Which of us has known his brother? Which of us has looked into his father's heart? Which of us has not remained forever prison-pent? Which of us is not forever a stranger and alone? O waste of loss, in the hot mazes, lost, among bright stars on this most weary unbright cinder, lost! Remembering speechlessly we seek the great forgotten language, the lost lane-end into heaven, a stone, a leaf, an unfound door. Where? When? O lost, and by the wind grieved, ghost, come back again."
The last bit about a "lost lane-end into heaven…an unfound door" makes me think of Starbuck's trip to Earth via the maelstrom and back via the Ionian Nebula. That combined with the 13th Tribe finding the way to Earth from the Temple of Hopes/Eye of Jupiter still makes me think that maybe there's a wormhole or some sort of jump-gate somewhere.
Source: SciFi Forums
Beaches are so far seeming to be important — the Five's memories started to return on a beach on the cinder planet, that same beach sent Dualla over the edge, there were photos of a beach in Dualla's locker, John Cavil and Ellen used to walk on a beach with Daniel…
(3) KOBOLIANS, ANGELS, AND HEAD CHARACTERS OH MY
We still don't know what the Kobolians were/are. Numerous episodes have made reference to "angels" and TOS series had the Beings of Light who were also called Seraphs in scripts. These beings were aliens, but Ron Moore has said that there will be no aliens in the re-imagined series. What if the head characters are these "angels" — headSix did refer to herself as an "angel of God" — and both are synonymous with either the Kobolians or The One Whose Name Cannot Be Spoken. In keeping with the theme of "All this has happened before and will happen again," it seems likely that the Kobolians are in fact some version of Cylon who either created humans or who were trying to stop the cycle that keeps repeating by living in peace with humans. At some point, someone, possibly The One Whose Name Cannot Be Spoken, violated the taboo against creating new lifeforms and the peace was broken. The humans formed the 12 Colonies and the "13th Tribe" comprised of these new Cylon lifeforms left to find "Earth" since they were unwelcome anywhere else.
(4) COOLEST. QUOTE. EVEH.
John Cavil says: "I don't want to be human. I want to see gamma rays. I want hear x-rays. I want to smell dark matter. . . I want to reach out with something other than these prehensile paws and feel the solar wind flowing over me."
(5) RESURRECTION TECHNOLOGY
The 13th Tribe settled on what is now the "cinder planet" and called it "Earth." Since we've seen no evidence that this planet is in fact the planet we currently live on, I'm still not convinced it's the real Earth. While living there they began to procreate and forgot or eschewed resurrection. The Final Five, with some kind of intuitive leap by Ellen Tigh, re-invented resurrection technology after being warned of the impending apocalypse by head characters: Sam saw a woman, Tory saw a man, and Galen thought there was a chip in his head. I think these head characters, including headSix and headBaltar, are Kobolian messengers warning them of the actions of The One Whose Name Cannot Be Spoken, a figure who may be synonymous with the Centurions' One True God. Also, what happened to the Cylons who destroyed the the 13th Colony? Did all of them perish on the planet?
When John Cavil tells Ellen that the resurrection technology has been destroyed and that he fears their extinction, Ellen doesn't seem particularly frightened. Does she know that there is still the original resurrection facility on the ship the Final Five traveled on from the 13th Colony? Also, John Cavil says that the humans "destroyed the hub, but they don't even know about the colony. All of your equipment is still there."
I assume this "colony" Cavil refers to is the "13th Colony" on the cinder planet (but I'm not ruling out some other colony somewhere else) as this part of the story occurs some months before the humans find the cinder planet.
UPDATE: If John Cavil is indeed referring to some lab of Ellen's on the cinder planet, it now makes sense that her old Viper and previous body would be found there in that it's likely this facility is where Starbuck resurrected.
(6) THESE ACHING BONES
If John Cavil is so unhappy with being in a humanoid body and has the ability to hack his subroutines even, why can't he refuse to download into a new body and exist only as an AI, or perhaps download into a Centurion or Raider? Why is he stuck in this one humanoid form?
(7) STARBUCK'S TRUE NATURE
What if Daniel or The One Whose Name Cannot Be Spoken figured out a way to procreate and simultaneously preserve resurrection? What if this is how Starbuck was born and/or resurrected? We know that Kara is something fundamentally different.
(8) TOASTER TECH
How did the Colonials and the 13th Colony create nearly identical Centurion model Cylons more than 2,000 years apart and with no communication between the two groups? Before "No Exit," I figured the Five must have had some part in the development of Centurions, but now we know they did not arrive until after they were created. Did The One Whose Name Cannot Be Spoken communicate with the 13th Tribe and also Daniel Graystone? Did Centurion monotheism come from Daniel recreating his daughter Zoe who was involved with a monotheistic group?
(9) ALONG THE WATCHTOWER
In "Sometimes A Great Notion" Sam says that he played "Along the Watchtower" for the woman he loved and looks at Tory as he says this implying that she was the woman that he loved. In "No Exit" we learn that Tory and Galen were an item and were in fact planning to marry. This doesn't mean that Tory and Sam weren't involved, but it does seem odd to me that the Five are comprised of two couples and an odd person out. Was Tory indeed the woman Sam loved and who he played "Watchtower" for, or was that another woman? If it does refer to another woman then who is she and why was she not included in their resurrection plans? Sam has a steadfast loyalty to Kara despite her not deserving it on a number of occasions. In the Bear McCreary interview, Michael Trucco has said that:
The Cylon reveal changed almost everything in terms of my approach to the character. I say—almost everything. Sam's love for Kara is unwavering. That hasn't changed. There are certain truths in the humanity (or cylonity in this case) of your character that help ground you as the actor portraying that character. For me, when it comes to playing Anders, it is that love and loyalty to Kara that drives his intentions and passions.
Does this loyalty come from Trucco's portrayal of Sam or was it purposely included by the writers? If it's on purpose, why is Sam so loyal? Like the thousands of years long relationships of Ellen-Saul and Tory-Galen, is there also a Kara-Sam pairing? If so, what does this mean for Kara and Lee?
(10) YEAH, WHAT ABOUT "THE SWIRL?"
In "No Exit," Ellen turns to Boomer and asks: "What about the swirl? Has he [John Cavil] told you about the swirl?" The exchange seems so random and nonsensical, so I have to wonder if it means something or why include it?
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16 thoughts on "Among Bright Stars I'm Lost"
Thanks! It seems weird to me that there might be something of Ellen's lab left on the cinder planet, but no mention whatsoever of the ship they used to initially download to. Also, the 13th Tribe did at one point have resurrection hubs — what happened to them? And the swirl…I totally missed that! Wow.
Good comments; you caught a lot of the things I noticed too (esp. Cavil's mention of "The Colony," which I thought might be a reference to cinder Earth as well, and Sam's remark about Galen thinking he had a chip in his head…where have we heard THAT before?).
One follow-up note: curious about "the swirl?" Have a read…or just re-watch Precipice.
Why would "organic memory transfer" limited only to Cylons? Granted, she wouldn't have a previous user account or anything, but…
UPDATE: If John Cavil is indeed referring to some lab of Ellen's on the cinder planet, it now makes sense that her old Viper and previous body would be found there in that it's likely this facility is where Starbuck resurrected.
This only if Starbuck is a Cylon.
Organic memory transfer is only half the battle; there'd need to be a body for her to download into. Now, granted, we could maybe assume that her memories were held "in state" while a clone was grown…but if so, who grew the clone? Also, we don't know the exact mechanism for memory transfer, but given the opening sequence in No Exit, one could probably be forgiven for presuming that it in some way involves certain data pathways that Cylons possess (hence their ability to interface with computers).
Mind you, we don't even know the answer to the question of how Starbuck a) got to Earth after exploding in Maelstrom in the first place, and b) how that much was left of the Viper that, in Maelstrom, visibly exploded into tiny fragments.
There was a rumour floating around, which I'll see if I can't track down, that we can expect to see original Centurions ("Guardians," perhaps?) in the series. Given the rather brutal experimentation we saw in association with them in Razor, we may be able to infer a connection between them and Starbuck, especially given Olmos' statements concerning the brutality of the mechanism of Kara's return.
As to something you asked previously: there's no telling what became of the Thirteenth Tribe's resurrection hubs; they may have been land-based facilities rather than orbital/interstellar craft, and thus would have been destroyed in the holocaust (presumably).
The specific spoiler has since been deleted from the article in which it appeared, but for what it's worth, here was the basic thrust of it: the Guardians featured at the end of Razor were a plot point that "could be expected to carry over into the fourth season."
And I don't believe we've seen them yet.
Norman: Because I didn't know about it. Thanks for the info. I'm headed over there right now.
I can definitely see why you thought of it. Here's Wikipedia's summary of it.
BTW, your own post on "No Exit" was fantastic and I'm still processing my response.
Here's a transcript of "No Exit."
I had those same ideas when I read the Wikipedia summary, but figured you'd already arrived at them and didn't want to steal your thunder. 🙂
Do you think the 13th Tribe traveled to "Earth" via jumpdrive or at sub-luminal speeds? That would really mess with the timeline. I can kind of see the 13th Tribe eschewing resurrection technology if they'd figured out how to procreate, but I can't see them forgetting jumpdrive technology.
I thought it was time to revisit what the First Hybrid said:
At last, they have come for me. I feel their lives, their destinies spilling out before me. The denial of the one true path, played out on a world not their own, will end soon enough.
Unless this is a deliberate misdirection, the "they" in the first sentence refers to the "their" in the second sentence. It refers to a group refusing the "one true path," which I take to mean belief in the One True God of the Centurions. This would mean he's referring to the 13th Tribe who we now know were polytheistic like the Colonials. It makes more sense that the First Hybrid would have some connection to the 13th Tribe of Cylons rather than to Colonial humans.
Soon there will be four, glorious in awakening, struggling with the knowledge of their true selves. The pain of revelation bringing new clarity. And in the midst of confusion, he will find her. Enemies brought together by impossible longing. Enemies now joined as one. The way forward at once unthinkable, yet inevitable. And the fifth, still in shadow, will claw toward the light, hungering for redemption that will only come in the howl of terrible suffering.
This obviously refers to the Fab Four discovering their true natures. The "he will find her" bit I initially thought referred to Tigh finding Ellen, but now I think it refers to Tigh, Six, and their son. Their son represents the once unthinkable way forward in the joining of the 13th Tribe Cylons and the skinjobs. Hera is the product of a skinjob and a human, so that's different, but we do have the potential for a kind of Adam and Eve.
I can see them all. The seven, now six, self-described machines who believe themselves without sin. But in time, it is sin that will consume them. They will know enmity, bitterness, the wrenching agony of one splintering into many.
The "seven now six" bugs me since we know that there are indeed eight. Not only have the skinjobs not lost one, they've gained one, but the rest of that seems to refer to the skinjobs splitting apart once they learn what John Cavil has done.
And then, they will join the promised land, gathered on the wings of an angel. Not an end, but a beginning.
I really do think that Starbuck is this angel. With the Galactica on its last legs as well as other Fleet ships that must surely be in the same situation, I think they'll settle a blue planet nearby that we will recognize as Earth, but that they will name "Earth" just like the 13th Tribe did on the cinder planet.
What if part of the problem in this universe is that the 13th Tribe did not worship their creator, The One Whose Name Cannot Be Spoken/One True God? Instead they worshiped the Lords of Kobol, who are the gods and creators of the Colonial humans? This relates back to "[T]he denial of the one true path, played out on a world not their own, will end soon enough."
Norman Doering says:
How come you don't submit your Galactica posts to the Galactica blog carnival?
http://www.tvtyrant.com/?p=231
Submit here:
http://blogcarnival.com/bc/submit_3837.html
Beaches are so far seeming to be important — the Five's memories started to return on a beach on the cinder planet, that same beach sent Dualla over the edge, there were photos of a beach in Dualla's locker, John Cavil and Ellen used to walk on a beach with Daniel…
…made me think of this. Notice the number and sexes of people on the book cover.
There are some loose parallels that I think I may remark on in an upcoming post. For example, central to "On the Beach" is the story of a journey in pursuit of a Morse Code signal coming from somewhere in the U.S., which turns out to be meaningless; the U.S. is found to be a dead wasteland, the signal originating from an errant pop bottle tapping a telegraph key as it rolls back and forth in the wind through a shattered window.
One also notes that toward the end of the novel, the captain of the submarine which makes that voyage, rather than see his ship rot in a harbour after he dies, opts to scuttle his boat in international waters. Ron Moore, in the podcasts, keeps noting that the damage to Galactica will have wider implications later on in the show; one wonders if perhaps there is not some hint to be derived here as to what the ship's ultimate fate may be?
Do you think the 13th Tribe traveled to "Earth" via jumpdrive or at sub-luminal speeds? That would really mess with the timeline. I can kind of see the 13th Tribe eschewing resurrection technology if they'd figured out how to procreate, but I can't see them forgetting jumpdrive technology.
There was an interesting point made on BSG Wiki about this:
It makes logical sense that, after a cataclysmic event and exodus the technology of a given people would take a significant step backwards, since the ships would eventually run out of power, and it would be a long time before they would be able to re-create the same technology. And given the challenge of surviving in the early years after such an event, it also makes sense that, after the original travelers died out, much of their knowledge and memory would be lost, save in written texts, which, to their less technologically advanced descendants, would mean little. It also makes sense that, when the technology of that people advanced to the point were they could create artificial intelligence that they would use it to ease their own burdens, thus creating an intelligent slave race that would eventually rebel if treated badly. That would probably happen even if all technology hadn't been lost, as seen from the miniseries, Baltar is questioning why they aren't allowed to make artificial intelligences and the newer battlestars have networked computers. People would always eventually come back to the thought that they could create a race of slave machines.
It's that first (bolded) point that's really key, I think, and in a sense we kind of see hints of it emerging again in the series. Tyrol just told Adama not to jump Galactica for "a while," until he has time to repair the ship. We can probably assume that the other ships are also suffering degradation, especially those ones that have sustained combat damage as well. There's also the matter of tylium; what if there's no deposits thereof anywhere within range of whatever planet the Colonials end up arriving at?
Those various factors would spell an effective end to FTL technology, potentially for a few centuries; technology which is not used, and is not immediately useful to the survival of any established colony is technology which will be discarded.
The same could be said of the Thirteenth Tribe; they may have used FTL to get to cinder-Earth, but who is to say that they were able — or willing — to preserve the technology once they arrived there? Deliberately forgetting technology seems unreasonable…but what if cinder-Earth was a bitch to get settled on in the first place? Perhaps the forgetfulness was involuntary?
The only potential snag there is the implied back-and-forthing that went on between Earth and Kobol; if the Thirteenth Tribe did have FTL, they obviously hadn't forgotten about it some 400 years after their landing (the forgetfulness came later still)…and if they didn't, Kobol has to be really darn close (relatively speaking) to cinder-Earth.
I'd thought about looking at that prophecy again as well; I have to think a bit more about your analysis and what my own would have been before I say too much about it though.
That first part could, I think, still refer to the Colonials, for example; one notes that none of the Final Five were present (I don't think) at the battle that saw the First Hybrid destroyed. Moreover, the First Hybrid was identified with the experimentations of the Colonian Centurions in the "Razor Flashbacks."
Applying that "world not their own" bit to the Colonials could make for some interesting speculation…although they very notion of a colony implies a people settling that which is not their native land/world.
As to the last remark you make…that's a good hypothesis. I'll have to give it more thought.
I'm an engineer by major, and a theologian by hobby/interest/minor (if I had been allowed to declare a minor, that is). It's rare for me to find a show that gives the theological parts of my mind such a workout, but BSG has been consistently surprising in this way.


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State of Maharashtra Vs. Anita [Supreme Court of India, 12-07-2016]
Posted on :October 29, 2016 in Case Laws
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
(T.S. THAKUR, CJI.) (R. BANUMATHI) (UDAY UMESH LALIT) JJ.
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 6132-33 OF 2016
(Arising out of SLP(C) Nos. 34788-34789 of 2012)
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA & ORS. ..Appellants
ANITA & ANR ETC.. …Respondents With
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 6134, 6135-36, 6137,6138,6139,6140,6141-42,6143,6144,6145,6146,6147-48,6149, 6150,6151,6152-53,6154,6155,6156,6157 OF 2016 (Arising out of SLP(C) Nos. 34792/12, 35146-35147/12, 36965/12, 36967/12, 36968/12, 38636/12, 39133-39134/12, 4482/13, 4484/13, 4588/13, 4592/13, 4594-4595/13, 8580/13, 11864/13, 17329/13, 17331-17332/13, 36070/13, 9282/14, 13647/14 and 14974/16)
J U D G M E N T
R. BANUMATHI, J.
Delay condoned. Leave granted.
2. This batch of appeals has been filed against the order dated 28.03.2012 and other impugned orders passed by the High Court of Bombay Bench at Aurangabad whereby 471 posts of Legal Advisors, Law Officers and Law Instructors created by Government Resolutions dated 21.08.2006 and 15.09.2006 for appointment on contractual basis under the Director General of Police and Commissioner of Police, Greater Mumbai, were held to be permanent in nature. For convenience, appeals arising out of SLP(C) No.34788-34789 of 2012 are taken as the lead case.
3. State of Maharashtra vide Government Resolution dated 21.08.2006 approved creation of 471 posts in various cadres including Legal Advisors, Law Officers and Law Instructors under the establishment of Director General of Police and Commissioner of Police, Greater Mumbai. As per clause (3) of the said Government Resolution, the posts shall be filled up on contractual basis as per the terms and conditions prescribed by the Government. By a subsequent Resolution dated 15.09.2006, the Government maintained that 471 posts created vide resolution dated 21.08.2006 shall be filled up on contractual basis by payment of consolidated pay. As per the conditions of service laid down in the Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006, the appointment was initially for eleven months and with a provision of extension up to maximum of three terms each term being of eleven months. After expiry of third term, the candidates are required to face fresh selection process once again. After the expiry of the term of respondents, their appointments automatically came to an end. In pursuance of the expiry of terms of respondents, the State issued fresh advertisements for recruitment of Legal Advisors, Law Officers and Law Instructors on 05.12.2009, 13.01.2010 etc.
4. On expiry of the contractual period and being aggrieved by publication of fresh advertisement, the respondents approached the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal challenging the conditions in the Government Resolutions dated 21.08.2006 and 15.09.2006, which laid down that the appointment of the law officers/law instructors shall be contractual, is arbitrary and that the respondents should have been appointed on regular pay scale and not on consolidated pay. The tribunal partly allowed the claim of the respondents and the tribunal struck down those provisions by holding that clause (3) of the Government Resolution dated 21.08.2006 and the clauses 'A', 'B', and 'C' in the Government Resolution dated 15.9.2006 suffered from arbitrariness and unreasonableness. However, no direction was issued by the tribunal directing the State Government to regularise the respondents.
5. Aggrieved thereof, respondents filed writ petitions before the High Court seeking for a direction to the State Government to regularise their services. State Government also filed writ petition challenging the order of the tribunal striking down the clauses in the said Government Resolutions as arbitrary and for setting aside the order of the tribunal.
6. The High Court vide impugned judgment dismissed all the writ petitions filed by the State Government as well as by the respondents. The High Court took the view that 471 posts created by the State Government in various cadres are permanent posts and thus the appointments thereon must also be permanent. However, considering the fact that the appointment of the respondents were not made in regular manner under the constitutional scheme, the High Court held that the respondents/original applicants cannot claim permanency and/or regularisation.
7. Being aggrieved, the State as well as the applicants have preferred these appeals. Vide order dated 02.11.2012, this Court has granted stay of operation of the impugned judgment dated 28.03.2012 passed by the High Court as well as the order dated 06.05.2010 passed by the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal, Aurangabad Bench and this Court directed that the respondents be permitted to continue in service until further orders. Similar orders came to be passed in other appeals also. However, this Court's order dated 02.11.2012 was modified by a subsequent order of this Court dated 19.08.2014 to the effect that "the Law Officers/Law Advisers/Law Instructors, whose contractual appointments have come to an end, shall not be continued beyond their contractual period. If their appointments have been renewed, the same shall be continued till the period comes to an end".
8. On instructions, counsel for the State of Maharashtra submitted that in view of the order dated 19.08.2014, presently none of the respondents are continuing in service. Since none of the respondents are continuing in service, the appeals have become infructuous. However, the appeals ought to be decided to answer the contentious issues raised and to settle the questions of law involved in the matter.
9. Learned counsel for the appellants contented that 471 posts created by the Government Resolution dated 21.08.2006 were not permanent posts and the appointments were made purely on contractual basis. It was submitted that filling up of 471 posts on contractual basis and not on permanent basis is a matter of government policy and that it was beyond the purview of the tribunal to set aside the same. It was submitted that the respondents had entered into a contract with the State Government thereby accepting the terms of service laid down in Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006 and having accepted the appointment on contractual basis, the respondents are estopped from challenging the validity of the said Government Resolutions dated 21.08.2006 and 15.09.2006.
10. Per contra, the counsel for the respondents contended that clause (3) in the Government Resolution dated 21.08.2006 and clause 'A', 'B' and 'C' in the Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006 are arbitrary and unreasonable and rightly struck down by the tribunal as violative of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India. It was further contended that even though the respondents had entered into a contract with the government accepting clause (3) in the Government Resolution dated 21.08.2006 and the clauses 'A', 'B' and 'C' in the Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006, the same will not operate as estoppel.
11. We have carefully considered the rival submissions made by learned counsel for the parties and perused the impugned judgment and the material on record.
12. In the Government Resolution dated 21.08.2006 while creating 471 posts in various cadres including Legal Advisors, Law Officers and Law Instructors in clause (3) of the said Resolution, it was made clear that the posts created ought to be filled up on contractual basis. Clause (3) reads as under:-
"The said posts instead of being filled in the regular manner should be kept vacant and should be filled on the contract basis as per the terms and conditions prescribed by the government or having prepared the Recruitment Rules should be filled as per the provisions therein."
13. Subsequently, the said Resolution was modified by Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006. In the said Resolution, the column specifying "Pay Scale" was substituted with column "Combined Permissible Monthly Pay + Telephone & Travel Expenses". However, there was no change in the decision of the government on filling up the posts on contractual basis. Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006 stipulates the terms and conditions of the contractual appointments. Clauses 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D' read as under:-
"A) The appointment of the said posts would be completely on contractual basis. These officers/employees would not be counted as government employees.
B) The said appointments should be made on contract basis firstly for 11 months. After 11 months the term of the agreement could be increased from time to time if necessary. Whereas, the appointing authority would take the precaution while extending the terms in this manner that, at one time this term should not be more than 11 months. The appointment in this way could be made maximum three times. Thereafter, if the competent authority is of the opinion that the reappointment of such candidate is necessary then such candidate would have to again face the selection process.
C) The concerned appointing authority at the time of the appointment would execute an agreement with the concerned candidate in the prescribed format. The prescribed format of the agreement is given in Appendix 'B'. It would be the responsibility of the concerned office to preserve all the documents of the agreement.
D) Except for the combined pay and permissible telephone and travel expenses (more than the above mentioned limit) any other allowances would not be admissible for the officers/employees being appointed on contract basis."
14. The intention of the State Government to fill up the posts of Legal Advisors, Law Officers and Law Instructors on contractual basis is manifest from the above clauses in Government Resolutions dated 21.08.2006 and 15.09.2006. While creating 471 posts vide Resolution dated 21.08.2006, the Government made it clear that the posts should be filled up on contractual basis as per terms and conditions prescribed by the Government. As per clause 'B' of the Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006, the initial contractual period of appointment is eleven months and there is a provision for extension of contract for further eleven months. Clause 'B' makes it clear that the appointment could be made maximum three times and extension of contract beyond the third term is not allowed. If the competent authority is of the opinion that the reappointment of such candidates is necessary then such candidates would again have to face the selection process.
15. It is relevant to note that the respondents at the time of appointment have accepted an agreement in accordance with Appendix 'B' attached to Government Resolution dated 15.09.2006. The terms of the agreement specifically lay down that the appointment is purely contractual and that the respondents will not be entitled to claim any rights, interest and benefits whatsoever of the permanent service in the government. We may usefully refer to the relevant clauses in the format of the agreement which read as under:-
"1. The First Party hereby agrees to appoint Shri/Smt._________ (Party No. II) as a ________ on contract basis for a period of 11 months commencing from __________ to __________ (mention date) on consolidated remuneration of Rs.___________ (Rupees _____________ only) per month, and said remuneration will be payable at the end of each calendar month according to British Calendar. It is agreed that IInd party shall not be entitled for separate T.A. and D.A. during the contract period….
2. ……….
3. ………
4. ………..
5. Assignment of 11 months contract is renewable for a further two terms of 11 months (i.e. total 3 terms), subject to the satisfaction of Competent Authority, and on its recommendations. 6. The Party No. II will not be entitled to claim any rights, interest, benefits whatsoever of the permanent service in the Government."
16. The above terms of the agreement further reiterate the stand of the State that the appointments were purely contractual and that the respondents shall not be entitled to claim any right or interest of permanent service in the government. The appointments of respondents were made initially for eleven months but were renewed twice and after serving the maximum contractual period, the services of the respondents came to an end and the Government initiated a fresh process of selection. Conditions of respondents' engagement is governed by the terms of agreement. After having accepted contractual appointment, the respondents are estopped from challenging the terms of their appointment. Furthermore, respondents are not precluded from applying for the said posts afresh subject to the satisfaction of other eligibility criteria.
17. The High Court did not keep in view the various clauses in the Government Resolutions dated 21.08.2006 and 15.09.2006 and also the terms of the agreement entered into by the respondents with the government. Creation of posts was only for administrative purposes for sanction of the amount towards expenditure incurred but merely because the posts were created, they cannot be held to be permanent in nature. When the government has taken a policy decision to fill up 471 posts of Legal Advisors, Law Officers and Law Instructors on contractual basis, the tribunal and the High Court ought not to have interfered with the policy decision to hold that the appointments are permanent in nature.
18. In the result, the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and these appeals are allowed.
19. Consequently, all other appeals are also allowed.
20. No costs.
Tags: Anita, case law, State of Maharashtra, Supreme Court of India


Workers at TSP Engineering Ltd in Workington, Cumbria will strike for 24 hours on Wednesday (3 April) in a dispute over a 'paltry' pay offer.
More than 90 workers, members of Unite, Britain and Ireland's largest union, will strike at the Curwen Road site from 00.01 on Wednesday.
Unite members voted by 90 per cent for strike action and by 96 per cent for industrial action short of a strike, after rejecting a one off £450 payment (in lieu of two per cent back pay from April 2018) and four per cent from April 2019.
Unite members include crane drivers, electricians, fitters, machinists, mechanics, platers, team leaders and welders.