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I am the current 2009 Ullyot Scholar at the Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF). I have been at CHF for two months working on my project The History of African American Women Chemists. Barbara Ullyot and her late husband Glen are major contributors to CHF and they sponsor this two month Scholarship for independent scholars like me. I am truly grateful for this award as it enabled me to continue my research and even submit a proposal to a publisher for publication. Note I have not yet heard from the publisher, which means that it might be good news or just that it is summer and every one is on vacation.
As soon as I got to CHF I wanted to send Barbara Ullyot a thank you note, but I was told that it is usually done at the end. But I did thank her in person. Barbara Ullyot had a new project at ACS to start the endowment for Project SEED. She was on that team. So I saw her at the Project SEED Anniversary Symposium and I said: "I am the current Ullyot Scholar at CHF." She said:"I know." Then I thanked her and told her she would receive the first autographed copy of my book. Little did I know that she was suffering from lung cancer. I will follow through and send a copy of my book to her son.
Those of you who have been ACS members and councilors for as long as I have will remember her as Barabara Hodson when she was the staff person in charge of meetings and membership. If you become a councilor you become friends with the ACS staff. At least that's the way it was in the old days. They became like family. It is the same sort of today except the family has changed and all the old faces have retired or died. The new staff members have been promoted to take their place or left for other positions.
But I guess I learned something. Always thank people who help you. I am glad that I did thank Barbara Ullyot when I saw her so that she knew that I was grateful for the award.
For those of you who remember Barbara Ullyot her obituary is at the following web page; https://www.usna.com/SSLPage.aspx?rss=obits_arch&referrer=&pid=8246.
Her first husband was a Naval man so she will be buried in Arlington Cemetery next to him and the memoral service will be held on July 30 at Ginger Cove in Annapolis, the retirement community in which she lived.
I wondered if the ACS was going to do a memorial to her. But her obituary says contributions should be made in her name to the ACS Project SEED Scholarship Fund.
Since I was a former chair of the Project SEED Committee, I donate to Project SEED every year and you should too. I hope that you will do it in her memory if you knew her or just because it is a good cause.
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Solar Energy Plants Around The World
Saving the earth is a will literally take a worldwide effort, meaning more and more countries are urging their people to do their part. One way ordinary people can contribute is through solar panel installation. In the Philippines, the sun never fails to shine, so maybe it's time for our countrymen to also invest in clean energy. To show you just how much the people of earth are trying to save it, here are some solar energy plants around the world.
Solar Star Projects, California, USA
This is the biggest solar plant in the world and it's in California. It produces an amazing 579 megawatts of power and it supplies that power to a staggering 255,000 homes and over 13 square kilometers big. The plant uses Oasis Power Plant Technology which means that the panels follow the sun to maximize the sunlight. It's estimated that the plant displaces 570,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, which is equivalent to removing roughly around 108,000 cars from the road every year.
Cestas Solar Farm, Bordeaux, France
This solar farm located in Bordeaux, France, is the biggest solar plant in Europe and is producing 300 megawatts of power to supply about 300,000 homes. Chinese manufacturers supplied the plant with its solar panels. It was put up by Krinner, Schneider Electric, and Eiffage and was opened in October 2015, and is connected to the grid that provides electricity to the whole of France, Réseau de transport d'électricité.
Charanka Solar Park, Gujurat, India
21 companies worked hard to make this 345 megawatt solar plant a reality. It's part of another solar plant that as a whole, they make an amazing 600 megawatts of electricity. It's on a 20.2 square kilometer piece of land in the North of India in Gujurat. A solar park at Charanka which is on 5000 acres of land can produce up to 500 megawatts of electricity from solar and wind power.
Agua Caliente Solar, Arizona, USA
This solar plant sits in Arizona in the city of Yuma. It produces 290 megawatts of electricity that powers a 100,000 homes. The plant is owned by NRG Energy and MidAmerican solar, and is remotely operated by First Solar. The features of First Solar's grid allow this to happen. The technology involved in the solar panels used and the operation of the plant led to the USA's Department of Energy to grant them a loan of $967 million.
Golmud Solar Park, Qinghai, China
This Chinese solar plant which was built in 2009, produces 500 megawatts of power. It is still under construction and when finished, another 60 megawatts of power will be added to its capacity.
These huge solar plants all around the world proves that countries are serious about their oath to reduce greenhouse gasses, postpone climate change, and are well into the movement of saving the earth. The plants are scattered over huge patches of land, using technology we've never seen before, using the most of the most abundant and infinite thing on earth: sunlight. The amount of carbon dioxide that these plants displace might not be much yet, but if every country invests in clean energy, imagine the clean air available to every person, reducing not only the destruction of earth, but also the risk of diseases.
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All the Heidi Klum Facts You Never Knew You Wanted to Know
We'll be seeing a lot more of the famous model very soon on "America's Got Talent."
By Jamie Ballard
It seems like there's nothing Heidi Klum can't do. In addition to being the mother of four kids, she's also a supermodel, designer, TV host, and actress, and that's just the tip of the iceberg. Here are some interesting facts about the former Victoria's Secret angel.
She was born and raised in a German town called Bergisch Gladbach.
A post shared by Heidi Klum (@heidiklum)
We aren't totally sure how to pronounce it either, but it's a town about 20 miles outside of Cologne, Germany. And based on Instagram posts, it looks like her family still lives there.
The Model 92 Competition helped her get discovered.
Heidi Klum/Twitter
She looks almost unrecognizable in the photo above, but it actually helped launch her super-successful modeling career. A friend convinced Klum to enter a modeling competition called Model 92. Klum won and was offered a $300,000 modeling contract with Metropolitan Models New York.
She tweeted out the above photo in 2012 with a caption that read, "Wow! Check out this picture from 1992. One of my very first photo shoots. This is my original hair color!"
In 1997, she married hairstylist Ric Pipino.
Klum married Pipino on September 6, 1997 when she was just 23 years old. The couple stood together for five years, before divorcing in 2002.
She had a baby with businessman Flavio Briatore.
A year after her divorce, in March 2003, Klum started dating Italian businessman Flavio Briatore. In December, she announced that she was pregnant, but she and Briatore split shortly after. She gave birth to their daughter Helene (who goes by Leni) in May 2004.
She considers her ex-husband Seal to be Leni's father.
Although Leni is biologically Briatore's daughter, Klum says the businessman isn't really involved in her life. In fact, it was her then-boyfriend Seal who was there when Leni was born in May 2004, and Klum has repeatedly said that Seal is Leni's dad. When Leni was 5 years old, they made it official and Seal adopted her.
At the time, he told People, "It doesn't make [Leni] any more or less my daughter. She always has been."
Seal and Klum were married for seven years and had three more children together.
After Seal proposed on a glacier in Whistler, British Columbia, the couple got married on May 10, 2005 on a beach in Mexico. In addition to Leni, who is now 14, the couple had two sons and a daughter: Henry, born in 2005, Johan, born in 2006, and Lou, who is was born in 2009. In 2012, Seal and Heidi announced that they were separating. Their divorce was finalized in 2014.
You won't see the kids' faces on Instagram.
The self-described "overprotective" mom said she doesn't let her kids post photos where their faces are visible, and she herself only posts family photos where the kids' faces are somehow obscured.
She's currently dating Tokio Hotel guitarist Tom Kaulitz.
After splitting from Seal, Klum reportedly dated her bodyguard Martin Kristen from 2012 to 2014. These days, she's been spotted kissing guitarist Tom Kaulitz, who plays in the band Tokio Hotel.
She's a host, judge, and producer for Project Runway.
Klum has played a major role since the show aired in 2004. She and Project Runway even received a Peabody Award in 2008, which marked the only time a reality show has won the award.
She's currently a judge on America's Got Talent.
As if she wasn't busy enough, Klum started judging America's Got Talent in 2013. Her fellow judges include Howie Mandel, Mel B, and Simon Cowell.
Jamie Ballard Jamie Ballard is a freelance writer who covers news, lifestyle and entertainment topics, including TV, movies, health, pets, relationships, and personal finance.
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BEILOCK: In my research and in others', we've shown perhaps counterintuitively that individuals who have the most ability to focus, the most working memory, the most fluid intelligence, are actually more prone to perform poorly under stress. And the idea is that if you normally devote lots of cognitive resources to what you're doing and being in a pressure-filled situation robs you of those resources, you can't perform as well.
BEILOCK: We know that sometimes people don't perform up to their potential, precisely when they want to the most. And sometimes that happens because people pay too much attention to the details of what they're doing, details that should be left on autopilot.
BEILOCK: There's research showing that when you have friendly faces in front of you, people who are supportive — although that could feel nice, it actually creates pressure-filled situations. You often start thinking of yourself as they might. And so when my mother is in the room, I sometimes think of myself as a young girl. And you also are quite self-conscious.
ERICSSON: …and I think that's what we're finding here, is that the really elite people, those who are really able to keep improving, are the ones who actually have a very refined description of the situation and are increasing their control over what they're doing, as opposed to allowing it just to happen.
ERICSSON: My experience is that choking is quite rare by those individuals that we study, who are consistently excelling. And it seems to be almost part of being an expert is that you deal with the kind of situations that would be experienced as very high-pressure for other people.
GNEEZY: That would have made me very nervous. That would have made me put more effort into this. When we look at incentives in economics, we think about two ways in which it's going to affect us. The first is that if I'll pay you more, you'll put more effort in the task. And the second assumption is that more effort will lead to better performance. That's not necessarily true. And that's the part of choking. It might be that I can push you so much to try so hard that it will actually backfire, and you'll perform worse.
For the three-digit memory game, roughly 40 percent of the participants succeeded under low incentives; under high incentives, the success rate was just 20 percent. For the dart-ball game, the success rate under low incentives was 10 percent; and around 7 percent under high incentives. For the metal packing game? Under low incentives, 25 percent of the participants succeeded; under high incentives, nobody succeeded. Or, put another way, at least 25 percent of them choked.


Keynote speaker Simon Taylor is the Co-Founder and Blockchain Practice Lead at the FinTech consultancy 11:FS. With his positive attitude and knowledgeable keynotes, it's no wonder Simon is a sought after authority on blockchain and other aspects of FinTech!
An influential figure in Banking, Insurance and Fintech, speaker Simon Taylor has led Blockchain Research and Development at Barclays. During this time, Barclays became the first bank in the world to perform a live trade finance transaction over a Blockchain / DLT with a real customer attached. Simon has held a number of other roles in payments, banking and the telco sector.
Now, Simon uses his expertise to advise Governments, Regulators and some of the worlds largest Banks, Financial Institutions and Corporations on how Blockchain and DLT will impact their business in the short, medium and long term.
Simon also shares his know-how as co-host of both Fintech Insider, the #1 Business Podcast in Europe, and Blockchain Insider.
Blockchain, Distributed Ledger, What is going on? Real world usage for Financial Services.
Crypto-currencies and all things Blockchain.
Banks and API platforms. The business case for a post PSD2 world.
R+D as a Service. Making Innovation labs and Corporate VC work for you.
Identity / KYC and AML innovation and automation.
Machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence – real world use cases.


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While it's a beautiful tourist spot, it's important to remember to be respectful because people do still come to this temple to pray. Tongdosa is one of Korea's 3 Jewel Temples so it is highly regarded amongst the Buddhists.
When visiting temples, it's a good idea to dress conservatively and try to be quiet while you're near anyone praying. Also, photos usually aren't allowed inside of the prayer buildings.
The entrance fee for Tongdosa Temple is 3,000 per adult, 1,500 for teenagers and 1,000 for children. Kids under 7 are free. Parking is 2,000 won.
Tongdosa is the perfect place to get your Korean food fix. The restaurant inside the temple is vegetarian friendly, which is great for us because Dave doesn't eat meat.
Just slide open the doors and walk on in. There is a counter with a menu. You order and pay there first.
We ordered the bibimbap and naengmyeon (iced noodles).
Bibimbap is just rice, topped with an assortment of veggies. There's also a spicy, red sauce provided on the table that you can mix in.
Naengmyeon is very popular in summers. Basically, It's buckwheat noodles on ice. It sounds really strange, but it can actually be really tasty. It's served with vinegar and spicy mustard on the side so you can flavor it yourself. They also provide scissors so you can cut the noodles. And, of course, no meal in Korea is complete without kimchi.
Next step… nom nom nom!
People watching is one of my favorite things to do in Korea so I always try to sit by the window.
So now that you've eaten some traditional Korean foods and explored one of the best temples in the country, it's time to treat yourself to some dessert.
Right next to the restaurant is a dessert stand that sells patbingsu, a favorite dessert among Koreans to beat the heat in summer. Again, go through the doors, order and then take your ticket to the woman on the right who makes the patbingsu. Then, sit down and they will bring your patbingsu to the table.
This delicious dessert consists of shaved ice, condensed milk and sweetened red beans. The rest of the toppings vary by place. At Tongdosa, you can also enjoy strawberry syrup, almond slivers, and cornflakes on your patbingsu. Surprisingly, it tastes much better than it sounds (and looks). The cornflakes were my favorite part (and Dave was kind enough to let me eat most of them)!
I hope you take my advice and go visit Tongdosa. If you can't make it for summer, I hear it's also spectacular in the spring during plum blossom and cherry blossom seasons.
This entry was posted in Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Ulsan, Yangsan and tagged buddhist temple, Busan, expat blog, expat in Korea, 통도사, Korea, photography, summer in Korea, things to do in Busan, things to do in Ulsan, Tongdosa Temple, travel, Ulsan, vegetarian food in Korea, Yangsan by Meagan & Dave | HappilyEverExpat.com. Bookmark the permalink.
Jill, I take that as the highest compliment coming from you! You and Aaron give me so much inspiration to be a better photographer so thank you so much for commenting.
Wow! Beautiful photos. I love how you capture the people!
Vegetarianism can be really hard in Korea. I've been meaning to get Dave out to this temple for ages, just for the food! And of course, it's a beautiful places to visit.
I don't really care for patbingsu (I like the fruit version!), but your picture makes it look sooooo good.
haha Well, thank you! I actually don't usually care for it, but this one was really good. Maybe it was the heat.. it's been upper 90's here and sooo humid!
I absolutely LOVE your photos, Meagan! They really capture the beauty of the place, people, and culture. Thanks so much for sharing!
Thanks, Wendy! I miss your sweet words. I hope you're well? I was in Maui a few weeks ago and thought of you. Wish we could have met up.
Thanks, LB! And thanks for always stopping by my blog and showing some love.
Korea is amazing and I love living here. It's been such an amazing experience and I love being able to share my stories and I'm always glad to hear that people find them interesting. Thanks for the comment, Kathleen!
I know you've been to Japan, but have you ever made it to Korea? It's a really amazing place. Not really a big tourist destination, but such a gem. And the food is so good!
Ahh, I miss Korean temples! I love the designs on them, and they're so beautiful. I love the photo you took through the window of the woman holding a parasol.
Thanks, Tom! That's actually one of my favorite photos of the bunch. I love Korea so much. There are lots of frustrating things about living here, but I know I'm going to miss so much about when I leave.
Some of those dishes look delicious! I've never been to a temple that had vegetarian-friendly cuisine (other than the fried red bean paste fishies). Looks like a great place. Thanks for sharing!
A lot of temples also serve a free lunch, which should be vegetarian, if you are there at the right time. Otherwise, a lot of street food vendors set up outside of temples and the vegetarian options would probably be chestnuts or hoddeok. It's hard as a vegetarian here. And what's worse is that Dave is a picky vegetarian so Korean food doesn't usually work for him.
Tongdosa is awesome and I've heard it's gorgeous this time of year as well.
Wow, that looks fantastic! I would like to go to a few more temples in Korea; I've been to many of the smaller ones but not many bigger ones. This one is definitely on my list!
This place is pretty in spring, summer and fall. It's a really great temple. This isn't technical talk, but this temple has a tomb that holds some of Buddha's bones.
Naengmyeon isn't something I'd ever order on my own, but I like to steal a few bites from other people's.
I really love that picture too. That baby was so stinking cute! I always love to see parents really involved with their children, especially here in Korea.
Great photos, reminds me of the time we visited last summer. By far one of the more unique temples in Korea, as there are no Buddha statues on its grounds. The relic area was probably my favorite.
Nice photos. Haven't been to Yangsan or Ulsan. But the stream and buddhas on stones remind me of Daegu's Gatbawi. You've posted all the foods that I could eat and enjoy. Yum.
Beautiful temple! I'm yet to go check out any temples in Korea but I definitely plan to soon!
Again, wonderful photos and they really illustrate and add to your post in a great way. Thanks for giving us a good place to go since spring and summer are on their way. One thing about the temples, however, is that I've always heard that thing about dressing conservatively, but I still don't know exactly what that means. I've never had a problem with it, but does that mean no short shorts or something?
And also, speaking of great photography, you actually make Patbingso, which I don't like, look good in one of those photos.
And you titled it, "How to have the Perfect Day." Which I often find includes bringing exactly the right things. What would you recommend people bring? A mat to sit on?


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Is it time to reduce your portfolio's exposure to bonds?
In the face of eventually rising interest rates, bond investors worry that their returns could suffer. Given that today's interest rates are considerably lower than historical averages and expected to rise in the future, would now be a good time to sell some of the bonds in your portfolio?
M. Spencer Green/AP/File
Traders work in the ten-year bond pit on the floor of the CME Group in Chicago. Investors worry that rising interest rates could reduce the value of bond investments, but does that mean i's time to sell?
By Lon Jeffries Guest blogger
For the last half-decade, investors have been continually concerned about rising interest rates and the effect they may have on the bond portion of their investment portfolio. The fear is that if interest rates rise, the bonds currently held by investors will be outdated and provide investment returns that are less than what new bonds issued at the higher yields would return.
There is validity to this concern – if an investor could buy a bond yielding 4% on the open market, why would anyone buy a bond that yields only 3%, unless they could do so at a significant discount? Given that today's interest rates are considerably lower than historical averages and expected to rise in the future, would now be a good time to sell some of the bonds in your portfolio?
Consider the timing
First, let's consider one of the most basic principles of investing – that markets are unpredictable. Are we certain that interest rates will rise, and are we confident this rate increase will happen soon? I'd contend the answer to both questions is no. Actually, the majority of investors have believed interest rates would rise since the first round of quantitative easing took place in 2009, and have suspected rates would rise in every calendar year since. Quite simply, this has not happened. In fact, interest rates are currently lower than they were during the majority of 2009 despite five years of buzz about interest rate hikes.
During this five-year period, how have bonds performed? From 2009 through 2013, the Barclays Aggregate Bond Index (AGG) returned 5.93%, 6.54%, 7.84%, 4.22%, and -2.02%, respectively. Bonds only declined once during the five-year period, by a relatively nominal -2.02%, and still averaged a compound rate of return of 4.86%—not bad for the conservative portion of a portfolio.
Additionally, various bond categories have done even better than the Aggregate Bond Index, which consists of just U.S. government and corporate bond holdings. For instance, emerging market bonds (EMB) achieved a compounded return of 9.30%, while high yield bonds (HYG) returned 12.26% annually over the same five-year span. An investor whose bond portfolio was diversified among a range of asset categories has far from suffered since the expectation of a rate increases began.
Will you miss the stability of bonds?
Let's also consider the consistency of bonds. Since 1980, the Aggregate Bond Index has achieved a positive return an astonishing 31 out of 34 years (91% of the time!). Given this data, perhaps bonds aren't as likely to decline in value as some investors think.
Equally amazing, although the bond index has achieved an annual return as high as 32.65% during this time period (in 1982), the largest loss it ever suffered in a calendar year over the same period was just -2.92% (in 1994). Over the entire 34-year period, the index obtained an average annual gain of 8.42%. Bottom line: Over the last 34 years, bonds have offered a lot of return for relatively little risk.
Diversification: the most important factor
Not putting all your eggs in one basket is another basic principal of investing, and the primary motivation for having a significant portion of your portfolio allocated in bonds. It is important to remember that for an investor with a long-term perspective, equities will likely provide the majority of investment growth and return in a portfolio while bonds are needed to reduce volatility and risk. For example, while a portfolio that was 100% stocks suffered a 38.6% loss in 2008, a portfolio that was 50% stocks and 50% bonds suffered a loss of only 14.5% the same year—still not pleasant, but much more manageable.
Bonds reduce risk in a portfolio because their return has a low correlation to the return of stocks. How low? Since 1928, both the S&P 500 and the 10-year treasury note have lost value during a calendar year only three times (in 1931, 1941 and 1969). That is less than 4% of all annual periods!
Further, since the Barclays Aggregate Bonds Index was created in 1973, the index has never decreased in value in the same year as the S&P 500. Amazing, but true. Clearly, bonds are fulfilling their role as a diversifier and reducing the volatility in your portfolio.
There is always a role for bonds
Despite the continuous threat of rising interest rates, bonds have continued to perform. More importantly, history illustrates that mixing bonds with stocks smoothes out the investment results of your portfolio. Don't get sucked in by the media buzz. Bonds are too valuable an asset to disregard.
The post Is It Time to Reduce the Bond Exposure in Your Portfolio? appeared first on NerdWallet News.
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Mentoring can play a vital role for an individual's career, but also for the success of the whole organization. Implementing a formal or informal mentoring program can help new project managers integrate into the company faster and better and improve their skills.
There have been many great mentor-mentee relationships in history, for example Socrates and Plato, Haydn and Beethoven or Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. And who can forget the great mentors in pop culture: Dumbledore to Harry Potter, Obi Wan Kenobi to Luke Skywalker and, of course, Mr. Miyagi to Daniel LaRusso in Karate Kid. All these mentors have helped their protégés discover their strengths and encouraged them to be and do their best, and ultimately, succeed.
Finding a person that is compatible with you and is willing to impart their wisdom with you is not easy. Mentors can be people inside the company, but they can also be external people. Most people choose someone whom they admire and who is good at what they do, but keep in mind that that does not guarantee that they can explain to you how they got to where they are. Choose mentors who have specific skills, but who are engaged and enjoy their work and take an active interest in, not only their own success, but also in the achievements of others.
In project management, effective mentoring can help prevent project failures and improve project management and leadership skills of participants. Of course, the stress here is on 'effective', because if done wrong mentoring can cause stress and employees might see it as a waste of time. Here are 7 tips for facilitating a valuable and successful mentoring relationship in project management.
Planning is a requirement for any project and it should not be excluded from mentoring. While you don't have to establish a formal mentoring program planned from A to Z, you still need to determine what you want to achieve in your mentoring relationship. How often will you meet? What will you do during those meetings? These elemental questions should be answered beforehand. When the mentoring has started, you should also document its progress and any achievements of the mentee and the mentor.
A typical mentoring relationship is usually between a senior project manager and a new project manager. It's logical since the more established project manager can impart their knowledge and experiences with their new colleague and help them settle down into their new position. However, it is not only the mentee that can learn, but the mentor can learn from the ones they are teaching, too. So, remember that mentoring is a two-way street where both parties can learn from each other and that it's a relationship between two equals.
A mentor has much more experience than a mentee and thus, can offer advice on many subjects, such as how to turn around failing projects, or how to deal with clients. But it's important that mentors keep in mind that they can give advice, but they should not expect their mentee to follow it. A mentoring relationship is not about the mentor telling the learner what to do, but to steer them in the right direction and if necessary, let them make their own mistakes.
Honesty is of vital importance for a mentoring relationship. Mentors who treat their protégés with kid gloves are not doing them any favors. Sometimes it is necessary to give some tough love. It will help the mentee grow. As for mentees, they should not take it as a personal offense, but try to learn from it. On the other hand, the mentor should give the mentee the feeling that they can also be open and honest without negative consequences.
Mentors should not just give out advice and keep talking about their experiences. A big part of mentoring is that the mentor listens to the mentee's wishes and concerns. Active listening and asking (tough) questions can help both the mentor and the mentee grow personally and professionally. For example, if the mentee has to implement a particularly complex project or is faced with a failing project and doesn't know what to do, instead of offering the solution on a silver platter, the mentor should ask the right questions to make their mentee think and come up with a solution themselves. Only then will they be able to learn and improve.
The schedule and to-do lists of project managers are usually filled to the brink and it can be hard to juggle your workload with mentoring. However, for the mentoring to be effective, the mentor as well as the mentee need to be committed to it. Meet at least monthly. But even in between meetings, the mentor should be available to spontaneous questions or concerns. Maintaining contact and communicating regularly will facilitate the relationship between mentor and mentee developing into more than just an obligation.
A mentoring relationship should be confidential. Unless either party specifically agrees to share it with others, everything said between mentor and mentee should stay between the two. This is important to build trust, because you might have to discuss office politics or the mentee might need advice on how to deal with a difficult supervisor. These topics are obviously delicate and only if the mentee feels comfortable enough and trusts the mentor, will they be able to open up.
7 Tips for Mentoring in Project Management - InLoox • Copyright 1999-2019 © InLoox, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Federal Legislators and FTC Keep PBMs Center Stage in Drug Pricing Debate
Michael Gallagher |
Kevin C. Adam |
Peter Carney |
Constantin Nuernberger |
Aida Fernandez Laez
Federal efforts on drug pricing are increasingly focusing on the role of pharmacy benefit manager middlemen. A recently proposed Senate bill seeks to eliminate certain PBM practices, such as spread pricing and unfair claw backs from pharmacies, and require increased disclosure from PBMs in the name of improved transparency. On the enforcement side, the FTC ratcheted up its examination of PBM practices by launching an inquiry to gather information about PBM practices that have increasingly drawn scrutiny. Shortly thereafter, the FTC issued a separate enforcement policy statement outlining potential legal theories for pursuing certain PBM-manufacturer rebate agreements that allegedly foreclose competition from less expensive drugs. These and other actions are the latest signs of growing dissatisfaction at the federal and state level with the perceived effects of certain PBM practices on drug prices. We summarize these developments and provide key insights below.
The Pharmacy Benefit Manager Transparency Act of 2022
Introduced by Senators Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) and Maria Cantwell (D-Wash), the Pharmacy Benefit Manager Transparency Act of 2022 seeks to prevent "unfair and deceptive acts or practices" as well as the "dissemination of false information" related to PBM services.1 The Act aims to address concerns by prohibiting certain conduct, creating exceptions that incentivize "fair and transparent" PBM practices, requiring specific annual reporting by PBMs, and directing the FTC to report to Congress on its enforcement of the Act.
Ban on spread pricing and unfair claw backs from pharmacies. The Act defines three types of conduct as unfair and deceptive acts and practices under the FTC Act. First, the Act prohibits spread pricing, the PBM practice of charging insurance plans and payers more for prescription drugs than what the PBM pays to pharmacies, with the PBM "retain[ing] the amount of any such difference." Second, the Act prohibits PBMs from "arbitrarily, unfairly, or deceptively" clawing back from pharmacies reimbursement payments. Third, the Act prohibits PBMs from "arbitrarily, unfairly, or deceptively" altering pharmacy reimbursement to "offset reimbursement changes instructed by the Federal Government" for any federally funded health plan. Spread pricing has garnered increased scrutiny from federal and state lawmakers who argue that the practice leads to higher health insurance premiums for consumers, while pharmacy supporters contend that arbitrary PBM claw backs may result in pharmacies dispensing below their acquisition cost.2
Exceptions to encourage rebate pass-through and transparency. The Act includes exceptions to encourage PBMs to pass through manufacturer rebates and disclose to payers and pharmacies information relating to costs and fees. Specifically, a PBM will not be in violation of the Act if it does not engage in spread pricing; that is to say, it "passes along or returns 100% of any price concession to a health plan or payer." Also, a PBM will not be in violation of the Act if it "provides full and complete disclosure" of certain information to payers and pharmacies, including "the cost, price and reimbursement" of the drug, "each fee, markup, and discount charged or imposed" by the PBM, and "the aggregate amount of all remuneration" the PBM receives from drug makers.
Reporting requirements and FTC enforcement. The Act adds reporting requirements in an effort to improve transparency. It requires PBMs to file with the FTC annual disclosures setting forth a range of financial information regarding spread pricing, claw backs, increases in charges affecting consumers, decreases in pharmacy payments, and differences in reimbursements to PBM-affiliated versus non-affiliated pharmacies. For example, the Act directs PBMs that own or control a pharmacy to disclose the "aggregate amount" of the both the "spread" retained by the PBM and any claw backs, as well as "any difference in reimbursement rates . . . between affiliated and non-affiliated pharmacies."3 The FTC, which is authorized (along with state attorneys general) to enforce the bill, would be required to report to Congress annually on enforcement efforts and the effect of certain PBM formulary design and drug placement decisions. The Act also prohibits the submission of false information regarding PBM services to the federal government and provides protections for whistleblowers.
Increased Congressional Interest in PBMs. Introduction of the Act follows several congressional efforts over the past year focusing on the impact of PBM actions on drug pricing. For example, as part of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation's May 5, 2022 hearing on "Ensuring Fairness and Transparency in the Market for Prescription Drugs," lawmakers expressed concerns about the lack of competition in the PBM market, which, in their view, has led to increased costs for consumers and reduced consumer access to life-saving and life-managing drugs. In July 2021, the Prescription Pricing for the People Act of 2021 voted out of the Senate Judiciary Committee. The bill directs the FTC to study PBMs and submit a report addressing whether PBMs engage in spread pricing and self-preferencing (i.e., steering patients to PBM-owned or affiliated pharmacies).4
Republicans on the House Oversight and Reform Committee directly targeted PBMs as key industry players on drug pricing in a December 10, 2021 Minority Staff Report titled "Role of Pharmacy benefit Managers on Pharmaceutical Markets."5 That Report, issued after Ranking Member James Comer's (R-KY) November 17,, 2021 forum on the role of PBMs, concluded that PBMs drive up drug prices by leveraging their influence over manufacturers to force price concessions for popular prescription drugs. The Minority Report explained that manufacturers in turn must raise prices to pay these growing rebates, which PBMs largely retain rather than pass along to consumers.6 More recently on June 17, 2022, a group of House Republicans sent a letter to the GAO outlining the "central role" of PBMs in the pharmaceutical supply chain and asking the GAO to study the role of PBMs in commercial health plans, including the effect of formularies and rebate agreements on drug spending.7
The FTC Increases Scrutiny of PBMs and Launches Inquiry
Two developments in June 2022 highlight the FTC's increasing focus on PBMs. On June 7, the FTC announced a Section 6(b) inquiry into the PBM industry.8 The study will analyze vertically integrated PBMs and their impact on access to and affordability of prescription drugs. The FTC explained that it will seek information concerning the "competitive impact of the contracting and business practices" of PBMs, including practices that "have drawn scrutiny in recent years," such as the use of claw backs, steering patients to PBM-affiliated pharmacies, administrative restrictions on coverage (e.g., prior authorizations), and the effect of manufacturer rebates on formulary design and drugs costs.9 The FTC identified the six largest PBMs as initial targets for a set of 38 requests seeking a broad array of information and documents concerning each PBM's practices. This 6(b) inquiry follows the FTC's failed February 2022 effort to gain consensus on such a study (the Commission deadlocked 2-2) and subsequent request for public comment on the impact of PBM practices, which received over 23k comments.10
Shortly after announcing the 6(b) study, the FTC stated on June 16 that it will "ramp up enforcement against" certain manufacturer-PBM formulary agreements and issued an enforcement policy statement to put manufacturers and PBMs "on notice" as to what conduct will be in the FTC's crosshairs. The policy statement focuses on rebates and fees paid by manufacturers to PBMs in "exchange for excluding lower-cost drug products."11 According to the FTC, when formulary agreements "favor high-cost drugs that generate large rebates and fees that are not always shared with patients," they create the potential for misaligned incentives, increased costs to consumers, and reduced competition from generic and biosimilar drugs.12 The FTC asserted that formulary agreements that "foreclose competition from less expensive alternatives" may be unlawful restraints of trade (Sherman Act Section 1), unlawful monopolization (Sherman Act Section 2), or exclusive dealing (Clayton Act Section 3).13 Also, the FTC asserted that formulary agreements that exclude less expensive alternatives "in a manner that shifts costs to payer and patients," may be unlawful as an unfair method of competition or unfair act or practice (FTC Act Section 5), as well a violation of the Robinson-Patman Act's commercial bribery provision (Section 2(c)).14 Notably, this policy statement follows the FTC's August 5, 2021 solicitation for public comment on contract terms that may harm competition, which identified exclusive formulary positions by allegedly dominant drugs as an example of problematic conduct to be addressed through rulemaking, and the FTC's May 28, 2021 report on so-called "rebate wall" practices, which some have argued foreclose competition from less expensive drugs.15
These developments represent the latest in the FTC's longstanding effort to address a range of practices in the pharmaceutical system that may delay or suppress competition from competing drugs or otherwise affect the access and affordability of prescription drugs.16
Implications and Insights
These recent developments regarding PBMs are a strong reminder that the continuing efforts by legislators and enforcers to address drug pricing will likely not be limited to manufacturer conduct. Below are some of the key takeaways.
Increased potential for federal legislation focused on PBM practices. The proposed Pharmacy Benefit Manager Transparency Act of 2022 in the Senate (with sponsors from both parties) and House Minority Report on the role of PBMs suggest that momentum may be building to address the impact that certain PBM practices have on the prices paid by consumers and health plans. The prospect for manufacturer-focused legislation, however, seems to have dipped, with the inability of Democrats to pass the Build Back Better Act or to make meaningful progress with a slimmed down alternative.
Uncertainty regarding a number of PBM practices. The FTC's 6(b) inquiry reflects a keen interest at the FTC in understanding the PBM industry in more detail and its often "enormous influence" on the prescribing decisions of doctors, the pharmacies consumers can use, and the costs consumers pay out of pocket costs.17 While the inquiry is not part of a specific enforcement action, the focus on practices that have "drawn scrutiny in recent years" strongly suggests PBMs should evaluate these practices for compliance with existing laws and regulations, and should be prepared to address the FTC's efforts at rulemaking, a pathway the current Commission has been discussing favorably.
Careful analysis of formulary agreements required. The FTC's enforcement statement puts the industry "on notice" that formulary agreements that foreclose less expensive alternatives may give rise to antitrust concerns. The FTC's claimed legal theories for possible enforcement actions are broad enough to sweep in PBMs as well as manufacturers. PBMs and manufacturers should take steps to review their current practices, identify areas of potential concern under the FTC's new enforcement statement, and develop appropriate compliance strategies to minimize risk.
Potential uptick in private and state actions. Competitors and private plaintiffs have been increasingly willing to challenge certain formulary agreements (and related conduct) as exclusionary. The FTC's enforcement policy statement may spur the filing of even more private actions.18 State enforcers also may follow the FTC's lead and take a harder look at the need for enforcement actions under state law.
Continuing increase in complexity underscores importance of compliance efforts. In addition to federal developments, the PBM industry should continue to pay close attention to the expanding set of state laws affecting PBMs in order to manage compliance, minimize risks and government scrutiny, and avoid fines and penalties.19
White & Case's Global Competition/Antitrust Group and the White & Case Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare Industry Group are tracking these developments closely, with a specific focus on potential investigations and litigation.
1 Pharmacy Benefit Manager Transparency Act of 2022. S. 4293, 117 Cong. § 2(a)(1) (2022).
2 FTC Launches Inquiry Into Prescription Drug Middlemen Industry, FED. TRADE COMM'N (June 7, 2022)
4 Pricing for the People Act S. 1388, 117 Cong. (2021).
5 A view from Congress: Role of Pharmacy benefit Managers on Pharmaceutical Markets, HOUSE COMM. ON OVERSIGHT AND REFORM MINORITY STAFF (Dec. 10, 2021)
6 Id.; see also Michael Gallagher et al., Drug Pricing Issues to Watch in 2022, WHITE & CASE (Jan. 28, 2022)
7 See Ed Silverman, Lawmakers ask GAO to probe pharmacy benefit managers over their role in drug pricing, STAT+ (June 17, 2022)
8 FTC Matter No. P221200, June 6, 2022; see also FTC Launches Inquiry Into Prescription Drug Middlemen Industry, FED. TRADE COMM'N (June 7, 2022), Section 6(b) of the FTC Act authorizes the FTC to seek documents and data without a specific law enforcement purpose.
9 Id.; FTC Launches Inquiry Into Prescription Drug Middlemen Industry, FED. TRADE COMM'N (June 7, 2022)
10 FTC Launches Inquiry Into Prescription Drug Middlemen Industry, FED. TRADE COMM'N (June 7, 2022)
11 Federal Trade Commission, Policy Statement of the Federal Trade Commission on Rebates and Fees in Exchange for
Excluding Lower-Cost Drug Products at 1 (June 16, 2022).
13 Id. at 5.
15 Solicitation for Public Comment, FED. TRADE COMM'N (Aug. 5, 2021); Report on Rebate Walls, FED. TRADE COMM'N (May 28, 2021)
16 See also, Michael Gallagher et al., Drug Pricing Issues to Watch in 2022, WHITE & CASE (Jan. 28, 2022)
18 Michael Gallagher et al., Drug Pricing Issues to Watch in 2022, WHITE & CASE (Jan. 28, 2022)
19 Michael Gallagher & Kevin C. Adam, Growing Web of State Drug Pricing Legislation Increases Challenges for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and other Industry Participants, WHITE & CASE (May 19, 2020)
This publication is provided for your convenience and does not constitute legal advice. This publication is protected by copyright.
© 2022 White & Case LLP
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Partner|New York
Commercial Litigation, Antitrust/Competition, Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare, Financial Institutions
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Antitrust/Competition, Intellectual Property, Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare, Technology
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How the sun of Palestine reached a Black Panther in jail
Rebecca Pierce Dec 16, 2015
For George Jackson, like many Black revolutionaries, prison was a place of both political captivity and radical education.
During the 11 years Jackson spent in prison following a one-year-to-life sentence for his alleged role in a gas station robbery, he amassed a library of more than 99 books with which he used to educate himself and which he shared among his fellow prisoners.
Jackson, a Black Panther and an author, was one of the Soledad Brothers, three African Americans charged with the murder of a white guard at Soledad Prison, California, in 1970. The incident occurred shortly after a marksman who had shot dead three Black men in the prison's recreation yard was exonerated in a "justifiable homicide" ruling.
Less well-known is the fact that Jackson also turned to the Palestinian struggle for inspiration during this time, and that the Palestinian prisoner writings that influenced him would continue to have an impact in the US Black community for decades to come.
That encounter has now inspired a new exhibition in a Jerusalem museum that highlights the historic and continuing kinship between the Palestinian and Black American prisoners' movements.
Curated by Tufts University's English and Africana studies professor Greg Thomas, George Jackson in the Sun of Palestine features international book covers, woodcuts, paintings, political posters and other works tied to Jackson's life and the US prisoners movement.
Presented by Al-Quds University's Abu Jihad Museum in Abu Dis, the exhibition also includes the coverage of Jackson's slaying by a prison guard and its aftermath by the Black Panther Party's official newspaper and prints signed in solidarity with Palestine by Emory Douglas, the former Black Panther minister of culture and graphic artist.
Thomas points to a common language shared by Black Americans and Palestinians, for whom widespread incarceration of their communities is not an issue of crime and punishment, but the result of a system designed to punish them for their very presence.
Language of captivity
"When I'm reading [Palestinian] literature it's not just the language of the prisoner that's used, there's the language of the captive — it's understood as political captivity," Thomas said in an interview with The Electronic Intifada. "In George Jackson's writing, he's writing about neo-slavery, and he's using the language of captivity."
The name of the Jerusalem exhibit is derived from Enemy of the Sun, a collection of Palestinian poetry removed from Jackson's cell by prison authorities after his death.
The anthology, published by US Black radical printers Drum and Spear Press, was part of a list of 99 books recovered among Jackson's possessions that was made public this summer by the socialist paper Liberation News.
These books served as both a lending library for the prison population and part of what Thomas calls Jackson's "study of US colonial fascism" while writing Blood in My Eye, one of the two books of letters that saw him lauded as one of the most important Black American voices of his generation.
Handwritten copies of two poems from the collection, "Enemy of the Sun" and "I Defy" by Samih al-Qasim, were also found in Jackson's cell and were published as a single poem under his name in the Black Panther Party newspaper.
Thomas ascribes this to a "mistake of radical kinship" and suggested Jackson hand-copied these poems for the purpose of sharing as contraband among prisoners. They have since had a "long Black life" and continue to be circulated under Jackson's name to this day.
The exhibit is the first effort by the Abu Jihad Museum to highlight the struggle of political prisoners outside of Palestine, and will be on display indefinitely. The collection boasts a unique array of prisoner correspondences, including a previously unpublished letter from Jackson to his lawyers expressing anger over what he considered to be the watering down of his book Soledad Brother.
An additional display includes letters of solidarity between Palestinian and Black American prisoners such as Rasmea Odeh, Mumia Abu Jamal and California death row prisoner and author Adisa Kamara.
The letters aren't the only nod to the US prison movement. The exhibit showcases photographs of Palestinian mural art from Israel's wall around Bethlehem calling for solidarity with the historic 2013 California prisoner hunger strikes against solitary confinement, as well as a poster for Dying for Sunlight, an upcoming documentary film on the strikes.
Deeper than solidarity
The 20 October opening of the exhibition included a symposium featuring Thomas; Abu Jihad Museum's Director Dr. Fayed Abu Al-Hajj; Sahar Francis, director of the Palestinian prisoners advocacy group Addameer and Issa Qaraqa, head of the Palestinian Authority's committee on prisoners affairs.
Mahmoud Jiddah, an Afro-Palestinian community leader who attended the opening, said that he'd first heard of George Jackson during his time in an Israeli prison in the 1970s and 1980s.
Jiddah explained that the exhibit and broader solidarity efforts connecting Black Americans and the Palestinian struggle have a special significance for his community.
"As Black Palestinians we are discriminated against two times, once because we are Palestinian, and another because of our color. So I believe it is a good idea to create awareness between the two peoples," he said.
Addameer's Sahar Francis said that the ongoing boycott campaign against the British security firm G4S, which operates in both Israeli and US prisons, is a powerful example of the ways in which this solidarity strengthens each others' communities.
Thomas said a tour of Palestinian educational institutions had revealed to him how readily the student body there connected with George Jackson's story. At Al-Quds University, he recounted, one student had asked if Jackson's family ever received his body, referencing Israel's notorious "graveyard of numbers" where Palestinians are imprisoned even after death.
According to Thomas, who is working on a Jackson biography, Jackson had considered the possibility his body would not be returned to his family.
"There are all these passages in George's work that address that, where he says 'If there's a choice between my dignity and my freedom from inside the prison, then the hill can have my bones,'" he explained.
Thomas said this type of immediate identification with Jackson's life was common and sees this as further evidence of the radical kinship between the two peoples.
"That's why I think the word 'solidarity' is not quite enough," Thomas said. "Because when it goes beyond physical death and it's still there, that's something so much deeper."
George Jackson in the Sun of Palestine is expected to travel in Palestine starting with Birzeit University near the West Bank city of Ramallah. Thomas also hopes to bring a version to the US with a focus on educating Americans about both Jackson's revolutionary legacy and the Palestinian prisoners movement.
"We want it to travel," Thomas said. "We want the exhibit itself to have a diaspora."
This article originally appeared at Electronic Intifada
Revolution from Behind the Walls
By Matt Wasserman
Black Love Matters
By Messiah Rhodes


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Why Do Cats Love Laser Pointers?
By Vanessa Salvia, B.S. Updated December 11, 2020
Disclosure: At Cuteness, we are committed to being the go-to resource for pet owners and animal lovers. We only recommend products we think our audience will love. If you purchase something by clicking on one of these links, we may receive a small commission of the sale and the retailer might receive some data for accounting purposes.
You've likely either seen it happen in videos, or have indulged in the game with your own feline at home: a cat chasing a laser pointer. It seems as though no cat can resist the allure of that little red dot moving across a surface, and some people think it's a great way to keep their cats stimulated and exercised. But, why are they so compelled to chase a tiny beam of light? And is it actually good to tease a cat with a laser pointer anyway?
Cats love to chase the tiny beam of light from a laser pointer.
Image Credit: piranka/iStock/GettyImages
Cats and prey drive
Despite centuries of domestication, during which time unfavorable traits have been bred out and desirable traits have been isolated and reproduced, one thing remains in cats that links them to their ancient ancestors: prey drive. The predatory drive in cats is what allowed early cats, and cats who don't have caregivers, to eat food, ensuring the survival of that particular feline and the species as a whole. Predatory behavior in cats can usually be seen when prey animals, like rabbits, rodents, birds and even insects are within their sights, says the ASPCA. This deeply ingrained animal behavior is the reason why cats can often be seen peering and sometimes chirping at birds or squirrels through windows, or if they're outside, perched from an unassuming spot out of sight.
Cats and laser pointers
While you and I know that the red dot beaming from the laser pointer on your keychain isn't actual prey that anything could capture and, conceivably, eat, a cat's brain simply doesn't care. Because cats follow the movement of prey animals with their eyes, anything simulating a movement pattern, like a dangling piece of string, fingers tapping on a table, or a moving beam of red light can initiate this instinct. When people direct the laser across the room, the movement often closely resembles the unpredictable, scrambling pattern of a mouse or other small animal attempting to run away, which can be very enticing for a cat, even one who has never hunted a living thing in his life.
Cats are always attracted to movement.
Not all laser lights are the same. Some are just a single beam of light in one color while others can come in different colors, like this set of three laser pointers in green, red, and purple on Amazon. Some manufacturers make automatic, interactive versions of laser pointers that rotate. With something like that, your cat could play with it even when you aren't home, or when you don't feel like waving the wand around for hours at a time. Laser pointers don't have to be found just in the pet supplies section either! An office presentation clicker that controls volume and screen selection also have laser pointers, and your cat won't know that the laser pointer could also work for a PowerPoint presentation!
The disappearing quality of a laser pointer may also entice cats, who are solitary hunters by nature, and use their small bodies to hunt prey quietly and undetected, Banfield explains. Much like a small animal in the real world, who may disappear for a moment under a parked car or behind a tree, the focus required probably feels awfully familiar. When a cat chases a laser, it's not exactly because merely following things around a room is fun for them — cats run and pounce on lasers because their primal predatory drive kicks in, the same one that hungry cats use to score meals for themselves and sometimes, their young ones.
Are laser pointers good for cats?
Although your cat appears to be enjoying herself as she hunts that unattainable red dot across the floor, over tables, and even up the drapes, the laser pointer game is likely not as satisfying for a cat as it is for us to watch. In fact, it's probably more frustrating for a feline that it is fun. While chasing and pouncing are part of a cat's predatory behavior, VCA Hospitals states that it's better to play games with a cat that will allow her to catch and "kill" the item in question. They go on to suggest playing with things that simulate moving prey like toy mice, cat dancer toys, or even a ball of paper tied to the end of a piece of string, which will hone an indoor cats' hunting skills.
A laser pointer toy can help your indoor cat stay mentally stimulated.
Image Credit: mister Big/iStock/GettyImages
Cats also enjoy carrying things in their mouths, which they do when they've successfully captured the target within their sights. This is another reason why small, tangible toys are often the best things to use when playing with your cat, as the entire predatory process (stalk, chase, pounce, eat,) gets to become realized. Allowing indoor cats the opportunity to enjoy this part of themselves and may even prevent or alleviate depression in cats, which can occur when a cat is understimulated mentally, among other things.
ASPCA: Aggression in Cats
VCA Hospitals: Cat Behavior and Training: Play and Play Toys
Banfield: Differences Between Cats and Dogs
Are Laser Pointers OK for Cats?
Why Do Cats Chatter?
The Best Cat Toys
What Is It Like to Be a Cat?
The Best Cat Activity Play Mats in 2022
Why Do Cats Like String?


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Home / Exhibitions / The great temporary exhibitions / Smurf for All, All for Smurf
Smurf for All, All for Smurf
50 Years of Smurfs
Fifty years after their birth, the Smurfs remain among the most popular characters ever created by a Belgian comic strip author.
L'union fait la Schtroumpf
Born out of Peyo's imagination, they made their début in Spirou Journal in the autumn of 1958, in a Johan et Pirlouit story: "La flûte à six trous". To honour this anniversary – which is celebrated the world over – the Belgian Comic Strip Centre will invite visitors to consider Peyo's work from a new and original angle: it is because of their individual weaknesses that the Smurfs discover their strength…Through numerous exceptional documents lent by Peyo's family, the exhibition aims to show its visitors how the work of this comic-strip legend – a true alchemy of clarity, lucidity and effectiveness supported by a base of sincere storytelling – has followed the writers of tales of days gone by.
With the support of IMPS, Brussels-Capital Region and the National Lottery.
Official website 50 years of Smurfs: www.happysmurfday.com
Fifty years after they first appeared in the pages of the weekly comic journal Spirou, the Smurfs ("Les Schtroumpfs") have become the most famous European comic-strip characters in the world. And even if this fame is due to the broadcasting of some 300 cartoons produced in California, the popularity of the little blue imps created by Peyo is based on something much more than just the presence of the Smurfs in television programmes worldwide.
Peyo first developed his art in comic strips. Admired by his peers for the exceptional readability of his style, he was initially a storyteller with a talent for telling funny and wonderful stories. In his first series of comic strips, he created a feudal world set in the Middle Ages, a legendary era, favourable to small warlords, witches and sorcerers. Readers were immediately charmed by the poetry and comedy of the adventures of Johan and Peewit. It was in the ninth episode of their adventures, "La flûte à six trous", that Peyo had the idea of having a magic flute made by little characters foreign to the world of humans: the Smurfs.
Who are these imps whose society seems to be so well organised? They live very far away from here, in the Cursed Land, in a little village whose access is kept secret. They communicate in a language only known to the initiated, and it is their grammatical mechanics that have played such an important role in the development of their success. Seen from afar, they all look the same. However, they are all different: hard-working or lazy, moralizing or jokers. It is these differences that provide food for the stories… when they don't provoke them, that is. Their community is a collection of individuals.
According to their creator, the Smurfs are three apples high. This is sufficient to understand that they are constantly in danger out in the wild. And yet, most of the tricky situations they find themselves in are the result of their relations with humans. While the wizard Gargamel symbolises the dark side of humanity, the Smurfs simply have to mimic human society to shake the balance of their village. Since they cannot count on their physical strength or their extraordinary intelligence, it is their solidarity that saves them.
Thanks to the numerous exceptional documents lent by Peyo's family, the "Smurf for All, All for Smurf" exhibition proposed by the Belgian Comic Strip Center to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Smurfs, aims to show its visitors how the work of this comic-strip legend – a true alchemy of clarity, lucidity and effectiveness supported by a base of sincere storytelling – has followed the writers of tales of days gone by.
Jean Auquier


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In Out of Town
5 of The Best Things to Do in Oxford
What's the first word that pops into your head when you hear Oxford? The answer is 'university,' right? Well, Oxford is more than just a magnet for today's best and brightest.
It's true that many of this city's most iconic attractions have some link to the University. However, Oxford is a picturesque tourist destination that attracts intellectuals, history buffs and nature lovers alike.
Gourmet thrills, world-class museums and upmarket shopping all make Oxford a must-visit city. While you're here, make time to visit these five top attractions.
Let's kick off our list with a magnificent palace that isn't really a palace – even if it deserves to be. Blenheim Palace is famous for being the birthplace of Winston Churchill, one of the most celebrated leaders of the UK. This country house, which was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, is now open to the public for tours.
If the Baroque architecture of historical significance of this palace doesn't blow you away, we're confident the 2,000 acres of landscaped parklands will seal the deal.
The University of Oxford
The University of Oxford has long been a world-leading research institute. Almost every bookworm in the world dreams of earning their degree here. Students aside, the University attracts tourists thanks to its splendid architecture and rich history. Many of the buildings here look so otherworldly that they were used to film scenes in the Harry Potter films (and yes, there are Harry Potter Locations Tours available).
Eagle and Child Pub
Looking for an excuse to drink a quick pint while you're trekking around Oxford? Head to the Eagle and Child Pub, where the history is just as interesting as the drinks are delicious. This pub was the preferred boozer of world-renowned writers such as JRR Tolkien and CS Lewis. To be a fly on the wall in this famous pub…
Oxford Botanic Gardens & Arboretum
The university may be the main draw in this fantastic city, but that doesn't mean you can't get your fill of nature while you're here. Established in the 17th-century, the Oxford Botanic Gardens are the oldest in the UK. Over 8,000 plant species scattered across around 130 acres of woodland make it a horticulturalist's paradise.
The Arboretum is just ten minutes away from the Gardens. Here, free-roaming peacocks add even more colour to the already colourful nature-reserve. Japanese Maples, Bluebell beds and pink rhododendrons make the Arboretum feel truly enchanting.
The Museums
Some people say that Oxford's museums rival London's. Ok, London has more, but there are plenty of weird, wonderful and fascinating things on display in Oxford. Get to grips with the history of the city by visiting the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. Yearning for something a little freakier? Next door, you'll find the Pitts River Museum.
You can peruse over 500,000 items at the Pitts River Museum. Leave your squeamish side at the door – there's a collection of shrunken human heads complete with skin and hair inside.
The easiest way to discover Oxford is on one of our fantastic coach tours from the capital. See the very best of England's cities and sites without the hassle of booking everything yourself.
6 Things to Do in Montmartre
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6 Amazing Free Things to Do in Edinburgh
© 2019 Evan Evans Tours Ltd. All registered.


These are thumbnails. Clicking on one will open a new window and take you to the full sized photo. There are many photos on each Shediac Cemetery page so please be patient while this page loads you are able to scroll through the tombstone photos even as the page is loading.


We would like to remind the community that aggressive, disruptive and violent behaviour will not be tolerated at our hospital sites.
Our staff, physicians, volunteers, patients and visitors deserve a healthy, safe and respectful environment. A respectful workplace is a safe place for everyone who enters our doors.
Niagara Health is committed to providing a safe environment that is free from harassment, violence, aggression and disruptive behaviour of any kind. We work closely with our team and union partners to develop safety measures to protect our people, patients and visitors against violence through a comprehensive Violence Prevention Program.
Safe workers and respectful communication help ensure great care.
We also remind the community that weapons of any kind are not permitted on Niagara Health property.


text:
Tag Archives: Nobel Prize
12 October 2013 · 8:19 AM
The Thing About Literary Awards
Everyone knows that Alice Munro has won the Nobel Prize. I feel somewhat vindicated because I have been telling students for years that if a Canadian writer deserves the Nobel, it's Alice Munro. Mostly, response to the announcement was gracious, and then, feeling very left behind, Bret Easton Ellis says that Munro is overrated and now will always be overrated. How embarrassingly petty and petulant.
The thing about literary awards is that, while we know they have aspects of the political (doesn't everything?), the pool is so deep that hacks don't win them. Literary awards are not like the Teen Choice Awards, where persons devoid of talent sometimes win. It isn't even like the Academy Awards, where the pool is sometimes pretty shallow. We know the Nobel Prize is Eurocentric, we know it is androcentric, but look at that list–every European and post-European male who has won is a notable writer, someone whose work is worthy of being read.
The pool for the Nobel Prize is never shallow. Every once in awhile, the committee remembers that there is Asia and Africa and the Americas and even Australia, once. We can and should prod the committee to broaden its line of sight. But don't let's diminish the greatness of those who percolate to the top. The thing to lament is not that Alice Munro won, but that now it is less likely that William Trevor will be awarded. That makes me sad.
But when I see the shortlist for the Booker Prize or the announcement of the Nobel Prize, I know the recognition is deserved. I never wonder what on earth were they on in the committee room. I always think that my things-to-read list just got longer. It's how I encountered Jaroslav Seifert and Wislawa Szymborska and Imre Kertesz and Jose Saramago and Naguib Mahfouz. What I should do is set myself the task of reading at least one book by every Nobel laureate.
I've read some Alice Munro. But there are 110 literature laureates (only 13 of them women), and I bet I'm halfway through, if I'm lucky. Maybe a third. Think how much bigger our worlds would be if we read through the Nobel list.
Tagged as Booker Prize, Nobel Prize, writer


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Sassoon Visiting Fellows Fund
Made by the General Purposes Committee of Council on 15 November 2013 (Gazette, Vol. 144, p. 108, 31 October 2013)
1. The University receives with gratitude sums from Dr Joseph Sassoon to be held as permanent endowment on the trusts declared in this regulation. Further money or property may be paid or transferred to the University as either expendable or permanent endowment to be held on the same trusts. The assets so held will be known as the Sassoon Visiting Fellows Fund ("the Fund").
2. The University shall retain as permanent endowment those of the assets in the Fund which are contributed on the express understanding that they are to be treated as permanent endowment ("the Permanent Endowment").
3. The University shall (a) apply the income of the Permanent Endowment; and (b) apply the income and, in its discretion, the capital of the remainder of the Fund (if any), towards the salary and expenses of the holders from time to time of a visiting fellowship at the Bodleian Libraries, and associated overheads.
4. Bodley's Librarian shall be responsible to the Curators of the University Libraries for the administration of the Fund and the application of its income.
5. The University may in its absolute discretion in the period ending 21 years from the date of this regulation, instead of applying the income of the Fund in any year, accumulate all or any part of such income by investing it, and holding it as part of the capital of the Fund. The University may apply the whole or any part of such accumulated income in any subsequent year as if it were income of the Fund arising in the then current year.
6. The University shall have power to pay out of the capital or the income of the Fund all costs of and incidental to the creation of the Fund, and the management and administration of the Fund and the Fellowship.
7. The University may exercise any of its corporate powers in the management and administration of the Fund in so far as those powers are not inconsistent with these regulations.
8. Regulations 1–10 shall be deemed to be Trust Regulations under the provisions of Part D of Statute XVI.
9. Subject to regulation 10, Council may amend, repeal or add to these regulations in accordance with Part D of Statute XVI, but no amendment is valid if it would cause the Fund to:
(1) cease to be exclusively charitable according to the law of England and Wales; or
(2) be outside the objects of the University.
10. Any amendment to regulation 3 is an amendment to the main objects of the Fund for the purposes of Part D of Statute XVI and must be approved both by Congregation of the University and subsequently by Her Majesty in Council.


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text:
import KEC from '../objects/kute';
import getInlineStyle from '../process/getInlineStyle';
import defaultValues from '../objects/defaultValues';
import trueProperty from '../util/trueProperty';
import numbers from '../interpolation/numbers';

// Component Const
const transformProperty = trueProperty('transform');
const supportTransform = transformProperty in document.body.style ? 1 : 0;

// Component Functions
/**
 * Returns the property current style.
 */
function getComponentCurrentValue(/* tweenProp, value */) {
  const currentTransform = getInlineStyle(this.element);
  const { left } = this.element.style;
  const { top } = this.element.style;
  let x = 0;
  let y = 0;

  if (supportTransform && currentTransform.translate) {
    [x, y] = currentTransform.translate;
  } else {
    x = Number.isFinite(left * 1) ? left : defaultValues.move[0];
    y = Number.isFinite(top * 1) ? top : defaultValues.move[1];
  }

  return [x, y];
}
/**
 * Returns the property tween object.
 * @param {string} _ property name
 * @param {string} value property value
 * @returns {number[]} the property tween object
 */
function prepareComponentValue(/* tweenProp */_, value) {
  const x = Number.isFinite(value * 1) ? parseInt(value, 10) : parseInt(value[0], 10) || 0;
  const y = parseInt(value[1], 10) || 0;

  return [x, y];
}

/**
 * Sets the property update function.
 * @param {string} tweenProp the `path` property
 */
export function onStartComponent(tweenProp/* , value */) {
  if (!KEC[tweenProp] && this.valuesEnd[tweenProp]) {
    if (supportTransform) {
      KEC[tweenProp] = (elem, a, b, v) => {
        /* eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign -- impossible to satisfy */
        elem.style[transformProperty] = `translate(${numbers(a[0], b[0], v)}px,${numbers(a[1], b[1], v)}px)`;
      };
    } else {
      KEC[tweenProp] = (elem, a, b, v) => {
        if (a[0] || b[0]) {
          /* eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign -- impossible to satisfy */
          elem.style.left = `${numbers(a[0], b[0], v)}px`;
        }
        if (a[1] || b[1]) {
          /* eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign -- impossible to satisfy */
          elem.style.top = `${numbers(a[1], b[1], v)}px`;
        }
      };
    }
  }
}

// All Component Functions
const componentFunctions = {
  prepareStart: getComponentCurrentValue,
  prepareProperty: prepareComponentValue,
  onStart: onStartComponent,
};

// Base Component
export const baseCrossBrowserMove = {
  component: 'baseCrossBrowserMove',
  property: 'move',
  Interpolate: { numbers },
  functions: { onStart: onStartComponent },
};

// Full Component
const crossBrowserMove = {
  component: 'crossBrowserMove',
  property: 'move',
  defaultValue: [0, 0],
  Interpolate: { numbers },
  functions: componentFunctions,
  Util: { trueProperty },
};

export default crossBrowserMove;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub