Colgate Total Toothpaste is sold as a teeth cleaning product from the Colgate Palmolive Company. Other than water and flavoring, the product has 13 different ingredients that make up the formula. Toothpaste is not meant to be swallowed, and should be rinsed after using. Swallowing too much toothpaste can give side effects of dizziness, nausea, headache and vomiting, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Sodium fluoride is the active ingredient used in many dental products. It is an anticaries agent that prevents the formation of cavities in teeth. Other uses include lessening mouth odors and polishing the teeth, according to Cosmetics Info. It is also known as sodium monofluoride.
Thickeners work to bulk up a product to keep it from being too thin. Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carrageenan and hydrated silica are all thickeners in Colgate Total Toothpaste. Carboxymethylcellulose sodium makes a cream based product, while hydrated silica and carrageenan bind with water to absorb it and thicken the product.
Sodium hydroxide is added to Colgate Total to regulate the pH levels of the formula. The Food and Drug Administration has deemed it safe for use, according to Cosmetics Info.
Absorbants are those compounds that are used to take up water in the formula. The absorbant in this toothpaste is propylene glycol, which also helps as a stabilizer. It can also defoam a compound and help maintain its moisture levels.
Sweeteners are used to alter the taste of a product. Sweeteners used in this toothpaste are sodium saccharin and sorbitol. Saccharin is 300 times sweeter than sugar. Sorbitol also functions by pulling water to help moisturize.
Binders work by keeping a formula bound together in the compound. The binder in Colgate Total is called PVM/MA copolymer.
Hydrators help items glide smoothly and hydrate the product for better use. The hydrator in this formula is glycerin.
Colorants help a product look a certain way, either by adding a dye or changing the transparency. The colorant in this toothpaste is titanium dioxide, which is used to whiten up the product and make it opaque.
Preservatives help keep a product from spoiling and harboring microorganisms such as mold and fungi. The preservative in this product is triclosan, which according to Derma Doctor may also be hypoallergenic.
Surfactants help items glide easier across the area upon which they are used, while cleansers help clean the area. Both of these functions apply to sodium lauryl sulfate, or SLS, in the toothpaste.
What Are the Ingredients in Johnson's Baby Lotion?


1940, 2 March - 14 June, Polish Forces on the Western Front (France), collection of ten field post covers/cards on written up album pages (one cover with included letter), showing a good range of military cachets, registered letter from Bressuire (mistakenly correlated to Brussels/Belgium), censorings, messages (incl. a letter signed by 18 sodiers!) etc. On 19 June 1940 the Polish Forces in France entered Switzerland and were detained for the rest of the war. Very rarely offered pieces of postal history!


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Year End Tax Planning: US Expats Making Charitable Contributions
Written by Virginia La Torre Jeker, J.D. | Posted in Expatriate
Many Americans living and working overseas are involved in charitable causes. The question often arises whether US expats living abroad can obtain the tax benefit for a charitable contribution deduction? The answer depends on various factors, including those discussed below.
Where is the Charity Organized or Created?
The mere fact that a United States taxpayer is living abroad will not prevent the taking of a charitable deduction on the tax return. The more critical consideration involves where the charity is created to which he is making the contribution. Under the US tax laws governing charitable deductions, the organization must be "created or organized in the United States or in any possession thereof, or under the laws of the United States, any State, the District of Columbia, or any possession of the United States." This is a strict requirement so that contributions by individuals to a charity created or organized under the laws of a foreign country, unless otherwise excepted, are not deductible for income tax purposes. However, exceptions may exist pursuant to a relevant US tax treaty. For example, a taxpayer may be eligible for a deduction on contributions made to Canadian or Mexican charities if he earns income from sources in Canada or Mexico, respectively. See e.g., Article 22 Section 2(b) of the US-Mexico Income Tax Treaty.
Is the Charity IRS-Approved?
In addition, the charity must be an IRS approved tax exempt organization. A list of all IRS approved charitable organizations can be found here. Often foreign charities lacking a presence in the US are not IRS approved.
If, however, you make a donation to a charitable organization based in the US and that organization itself both transfers the funds to a foreign charity and controls the use of the funds, the contribution will be tax deductible. Similarly, a contribution may be deductible if you make a donation to an organization with a foreign address that is an administrative arm of a US-based charity. The relevant Treasury Regulations specifically provide that a "charitable deduction by an individual to a [US charitable organization] is deductible even though all, or some portion, of the funds of the organization may be used in foreign countries for charitable or educational purposes." Revenue Ruling 63-252 made clear that the limitation on location of the charitable organization "relates only to the place of creation of the charitable organization to which contributions may be made and does not restrict the area in which deductible contributions may be used."
Is the Taxpayer Itemizing Deductions?
Second, the taxpayer must itemize deductions on Schedule A of his tax return in order to receive tax benefits. Taxpayers using the standard deduction are not entitled to any charitable contribution deduction. The deduction for charitable contributions generally cannot be more than 50% of the taxpayer's adjusted gross income, but in some cases 20% and 30% limits may apply.
Is There Taxable Income?
It must be remembered that charitable contributions will provide a tax benefit only if the taxpayer has taxable income which the contribution can offset. Many expats abroad do not have taxable income after taking into account the foreign earned income and housing exclusions and/or foreign tax credits. A contribution is deductible in the year it is made, so the taxpayer should examine if he will have taxable income in a given year. If he will not, he might consider delaying the contribution to the next year, for example, if he expects a larger bonus in that later year. Gifts must be made by December 31 of the year for which the deduction will be claimed. It is not required, however, that cash leave your account. Credit card charges are deductible charitable contributions so long as the charge is actually captured by the end of the year even if the charges are not paid off before the end of the year. Similarly, checks which are written and mailed to the charitable organization by the end of the year (e.g., 2013) will be deductible for that year even if they are not cashed until the following year (e.g., 2014).
Does the Taxpayer Have Proper Substantiation and Records?
Different rules apply for different types of donations. For example, a taxpayer cannot deduct the value of time or services. Cash deductions, regardless of the amount, must be substantiated by a bank record, such as a canceled check, a bank or credit union statement or a credit card receipt. A receipt or written acknowledgment from the charitable organization will also suffice if it includes the name of the charity, the date and amount of the contribution. A taxpayer can only deduct the fair market value of donated goods and proper recordkeeping is required, with the rules varying depending on the dollar value of the contribution. Fair market value and record keeping requirements are explained in detail by the IRS. Taxpayers should review IRS Publication 526 for full information about taking tax deductions for their charitable contributions.
In accordance with Circular 230 Disclosure
Virginia La Torre Jeker, J.D.
Virginia La Torre Jeker J.D., has been a member of the New York Bar since 1984 and is also admitted to practice before the United States Tax Court. She has 30 years of experience specializing in US and international tax planning as well as international commercial transactions. She has been based in Dubai since 2001; prior to that time she worked in Hong Kong for 15 years as a US tax consultant for international law firms, major banks (including HSBC) international accounting firms (Deloitte) and trust companies. Early in her career she worked in New York with the top-tier international law firm, Willkie Farr & Gallagher.
Virginia is regularly asked to speak at numerous conferences and seminars for various institutes and commercial organizations; publishes a vast array of scholarly works in her area of expertise, been interviewed by CNN and is regularly quoted (or has her articles featured) in local and international publications. She was recently appointed to the Professional Tax Advisory Council, American Citizens Abroad, Geneva, Switzerland. She was a guest lecturer at the University of Hong Kong, LL.M Program (Law Department) and served as an adjunct Business Law professor at the American University of Dubai and at the American University of Sharjah where she also taught the legal / ethical aspects of internet law and internet based transactions.
6 comments | Tags: Charitable Contributions, Expat, expatriate, Find Tax Attorney, Find Tax Lawyer, find tax professional, Tax articles, Tax Blog, Tax Blogosphere, tax blogs, Tax Directory, tax help, Tax Reading, Tax Research, Tax Resource, Tax Site, TaxBlogosphere, TaxConnections, TaxConnections Worldwide Directory Of Tax Professionals, Virginia La Torre Jeker, Worldwide Directory Of Tax Professionals, worldwide tax blogs
6 thoughts on "Year End Tax Planning: US Expats Making Charitable Contributions"
Daniel Gray says:
Can US expats who pay tuition to child's private religious school in Canada, registered Canadian charitable organization and the school itself would also qualify in the US to receive deductible contributions if it were resident in the US, deduct those donations on 1040? The treaty allows US citizen Canada resident to deduct charity on 1040. percentage limitation test met. The treaty language is organization and NOT the nature of the payment -tuition. Since the treaty language used is organization and the parent made a (tuition) payment to a QUALIFIED CDN ORGANIZATION, shouldn't taxpayer be entitled under the treaty [Form 8833 disclosure overriding IRC S 170(b) (c) citing Article XXI(6)] to claim such deduction on 1040 ? This would be in spite of the fact that, had the school been a US resident qualified charity, tuition paid to it could not be deducted on the 1040.
V. La Torre Jeker JD (@VLJeker) says:
I think common sense has to prevail here. The text of the Treaty section is copied below. Note constant use of the word "CONTRIBUTION" and "DEDUCTIBLE CONTRIBUTION". A payment for tuition cannot be considered a "contribution".
For the purposes of United States taxation, contributions by a citizen or resident of the United States to an organization which is resident in Canada, which is generally exempt from Canadian tax and which could qualify in the United States to receive deductible contributions if it were resident in the United States shall be treated as charitable contributions; however, such contributions (other than such contributions to a college or university at which the citizen or resident or a member of his family is or was enrolled) shall not be deductible in any taxable year to the extent that they exceed an amount determined by applying the percentage limitations of the laws of the United States in respect of the deductibility of charitable contributions to the income of such citizen or resident arising in Canada. ….
It says, as you quote: contributions by a citizen or resident of the United States TO AN ORGANIZATION which is resident in Canada. In Canada, unlike in the US, tuition is considered a DEDUCTIBLE CONTRIBUTION and is tax receipted. The organization, which is the focus of the treaty, is qualified. There is a strong common sense argument that the treaty puts on equal footing Canadian and US organizations. By doing that, the fact that the contribution's deductibility differs between the two countries should not matter for treaty purposes. A novel result.
Further, the treaty language you cite "which could qualify in the United States to receive deductible contributions if it were resident in the United States" is fully met because any donation made to such private religious school in Canada by a person with no enrolled children and no tuition obligation would be allowed to deduct the donation in both countries and the school itself qualifies to receive such deductible contributions. It just so happens that if a parent of an enrolled student makes the payment to fulfill tuition obligations, the two countries' DOMESTIC tax laws differ as to whether or not to allow a deduction.
While I agree that there "is a strong common sense argument that the treaty puts on equal footing Canadian and US organizations", I still do not believe that a tuition payment would be treated as a charitable contribution and am not "sold" on this. If you read the Treaty, it seems to me the Treaty addresses the point about conflicts of domestic law (Definitions Art III. Cl 2)
"As regards the application of the Convention by a Contracting State any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires and subject to the provisions of Article XXVI (Mutual Agreement Procedure), have the meaning which it has under the law of that State concerning the taxes to which the Convention applies."
So, "unless otherwise required and subj to the Mutual Agrmt Proced.", I believe the term "contribution" would be defined by US law and a tuition payment would not be covered.
If you wanted to take the position regardless (I would not do so), my considered "guess" is that so long as you disclosed the position fully on the tax return (I believe Form 8275 is the form number) you might possibly escape penalties if the IRS disagrees with your analysis. Not sure on this….they may require the Mutual Agrmt Procedure.
Have you reached out to other colleagues who may have more input? I have not dealt with the US Canada Treaty.
Good discussion and thank you for raising the point!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Netflix plans to turn Phil Knight's 'Shoe Dog' into a movie
Home › Tech Netflix plans to turn Phil Knight's 'Shoe Dog' into a movie
Netflix has optioned Shoe Dog, the bestselling memoir by Nike co-founder and former CEO Phil Knight.
While the streaming service has had its most high-profile success with original shows like Orange is the New Black and Stranger Things, it sounds like it's planning to turn Shoe Dog into a film. Knight and Frank Marshall will produce, while Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski (the true-life-focused writing team behind Ed Wood, Man on the Moon and The People v. O.J. Simpson: American Crime Story) pen the screenplay.
Netflix's announcement says Marshall and Knight first met on the set of Back to the Future, where Marshall was one of the executive producers.
"Ever since our collaboration on BTTF and being a runner myself, I've always been fascinated by Phil's story and how the company came to be," Marshall said in a statement. "It's an amazing tale about what the path to success really looks like, with its mistakes, struggles, sacrifice and even luck. It's about how a company can grow with the right people, dedication, a belief in the power of sport and a shared mission to build a brand that would change everything."
This isn't the first time Netflix has tried to tell business stories drawn from the real world. It adapted Sophia Amoruso's Girlboss into a series last year, then canceled the show after one season.
Shoe Dog was published in 2016. Bill Gates wrote that in contrast to most books about entrepreneurship, Knight's memoir is "a refreshingly honest reminder of what the path to business success really looks like." It remains on the New York Times besteller list more than two years later.
It's also worth noting that Knight has another connection to the film world through his ownership of Laika, the stop motion animation studio behind Coraline and Kubo and the Two Strings — the latter film was directed by Laika CEO (and Knight's son) Travis Knight.
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Fidler Beautiful artisan sterling silver violin player klayzmer miniature. Superbly executed as an highly detailed violin player in a playing posture with one of his legs on the violin case. This item was made in the electroforming method. Height: 7cm. / 2.756in. Weight: 16gr. / 0.514oz.


How long you normally stay with your phone? Or how long you hold your phone at your hand? Yes, the phone is the best company nowadays in our life. A popular statistics shows that people commonly think about the BRAND before buying any phone. So which phone you are going to buy is less important in comparison with which brand you are going to choose.
In addition, Brand is a matter of Social respect. People often buy an expensive brand product so that they will receive good appraisal from their friends. Think about two phones of two brands. The cheaper phone is from a well-known brand, on the other hand, the expensive phone is from the underrated brand.
Which one you're going to prefer? Obviously, you will go with the popular brand, right?
We, TechT20 team analysis on few international statistics reports and then we put all the brand from 1 to 11. Today, we will reveal Top 11 mobile brands in Bangladesh 2018.
From the beginning of Samsung journey, it is continuously reaching to the pinnacle of ranking. Now Samsung is the number one brand in Bangladesh according to Bangladesh Brand Forum. Last year, the top officials have received the awards on behalf of Samsung Bangladesh. The ceremony commenced on December 8, 2018 in Le Méridien Dhaka.
BBF accompanied with Nielsen Bangladesh in order to identify the existing top brands of Bangladesh. With a view to acknowledge the brands, BBF held this ceremonial event each and every year.
According to Statcounter Samsung grabbed the biggest market share last year, which is 33.66%. This is one of the strongest factors why Samsung is in the first place from the Top Mobile Brands in Bangladesh.
But why we love Samsung mobile?
Because Samsung Bangladesh can able to cope up in the market and beat other companies in terms of Quality. Who use Samsung phone, they know that Samsung did never compromise with their quality. However, in the grey market where you will see some fake Samsung phone, which looks like Samsung. But those are not Samsung at all so don't fall into the big trap.
Secondly, Samsung has SRBD (Samsung Research & Development Bangladesh). Quality control will be beyond imagination without providing the R&D section in any country. I must say that one of the main reason why Samsung went in the top position is just because of settling up the SRBD in 2010. So it clearly shows how Samsung Mobile Bangladesh effectively planned to go in the top position since it began the journey in 2009.
Don't you want to know more why Samsung is now in the first position? Yes, the third one is After-sales Service, visibility on media and availability on stores.
Visibility in everywhere is the key reason for Branding. And, you must admit that Samsung is now commonly visible. Wherever you surf online or offline, big billboard or online media, you will see Samsung products. Yes, Samsung covers advertising platform in a great way indeed!
Samsung Galaxy series was the massive hit last year in Bangladesh. Such as Samsung Galaxy A5, Galaxy S9 and S9+ were in the top-selling phone in BD.
Who can forget about CDMA mobile phone? Huawei is the first mobile brand however they brought smartphones later in Bangladesh.
At first, Huawei fought with local brands. Soon after, they can cope up with the local brands like Walton and Symphony due to their strong innovation. Bangladeshi smartphone user always chooses quality at the first phase with the price that's why they choose the brand with innovation.
Moreover, Huawei is now settled their ranking in the second position after iPhone. So you must admit which impacts on globally also does influence locally.
Now let's talk about the availability of Huawei Bangladesh. In every nook and corner of Bangladesh, Huawei dealers are available. Apart from it, it is also available in any online stores. Whenever any Popular brand comes up you can find it on the popular online stores with amazing booking offers. Among many phones, Huawei Nova 3i was the biggest hit in 2018 and this year you will get this phone at a bit lower price.
Xiaomi Bangladesh placed on the third position in 2018 top mobile brand Bangladesh. Xiaomi is continuously giving its fan budget mobile for many years. In addition, they can also cope up with the innovation. For that, it can hold the third position remarkably.
At the end of 2018, Xiaomi brought their Redmi Note 6 Pro and it was an amazing year ending launch in Bangladesh. Xiaomi deserved to be in the 2018 top brand in Bangladesh. Every company has a different strategy some company comes out successful some are not. In that case, Xiaomi Brand successful story is to provide different ranges of phone within affordable cost.
After Xiaomi, the Chinese giant company Oppo Bangladesh comes on fourth place in the top mobile brands in Bangladesh 2018. Oppo infused the selfie trend in Bangladesh exceptionally, which takes it to the one step forward. Oppo market share is now 4.13%. So, it roughly shows that four people use Oppo phone out of a hundred.
At the beginning of the article, we told you about few criteria, which are effectively pushing forward to the branding. Advertising is one of the vital element out of it. Here in Bangladesh, Oppo push at the maximum level. Oppo F9 was the best selling smartphone of Oppo Bangladesh in 2018 for its new innovation, design and huge promotion.
In addition, OPPO has more than 100 media partner in Asia. At the same time, this company is more visible on TV compared to the other rivals. Hence, you can get the idea of how one company go forward through effective media coverage.
History tells that Symphony was in the top leading mobile brand earlier today. In 2016, Symphony was the number 1 Brand in Bangladesh. But now it comes on the fifth place in 2018 top mobile brand list. However, many people still prefer symphony due to their lower and highly affordable handsets. Conversely, they were unable to bring innovation, which Huawei and Samsung are regularly bringing on.
Branding depends on Quality first and Symphony cannot provide the quality in comparison with the above brands. Why symphony lost the leading place of top mobile brand in Bangladesh 2018? There are so many reasons such as dropping quality performed handsets, design variation, after-sales service, promotion and Advertising are remarkable.
Walton is one of the leading brands and it was on the top in a mobile brand. The story was a few years ago but sadly they dropped that position. However, it has good market coverage for the affordable price like symphony has. But what about to reach the next level? This is the core question for Walton mobile brand.
In order to, create good brand value, Walton needs to come forward with innovation. We have already known that Samsung has R&D, where they develop their product. If Walton can do the same thing, it would be a better brand in Bangladesh.
Vivo is a new mobile brand in our country. With their fastest innovation like in-display fingerprint and pop up selfie, massively hit the market. However, it is now in the below from the top mobile brand in Bangladesh.
Vivo 'V' series was the massive hit last year in Bangladesh. Such as Vivo V11 and Vivo V11 Pro were in the top-selling phone in Bangladesh.
Last year, Vivo was the 3rd largest brand in the phase of fourth quarter. As a result, it has 20% market share according to IDC data. But this is a global statistics not regards to Bangladesh. So, in Bangladesh still, they are newbie in terms of branding.
Nokia is the nostalgia phone now in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is really sad to write about Nokia in the bottom place of the 2018 top mobile brands in Bangladesh. It was the king before in our country when the phone came to us. The brand value now decreased with a great fall. Like it was on the highest peak of branding mountain now buried under water.
Dear Nokia fans, don't lose your hope from Nokia branding. Nokia last year really bring some amazing handsets. Nokia 7.1 is the one of it, which stikes positive attention on the market. Still there is a come back chance for Nokia remains.
Another Nostalgia phone is Motorola in Bangladesh. Very few people in our country buy this phone nowadays. After ten years later Motorola launched Moto E4 Plus, Moto E5, and Moto E5 Plus in association with Robishop.
So, it is obvious last year Motorola reborn in Bangladesh. Hence, why we keep this not in the last? Answer is also obvious to you. Don't forget about the previous brand value when Motorola Razr dominate globally. So, keeping in mind we had to put Motorola Bangladesh even before Tecno and iPhone.
Tecno is a new brand so we had to put it in the bottom line for 2018 top mobile brands. Tecno is trying to brand with their adaptable camera phone such as 'Camon' series. Last year Tecno Camon i2 and Camon i2X was the best-selling mobile phone of Tecno Bangladesh.
The phone is the brand under Transsion Holdings. However, they settled in the UAE market and the African belt still, surviving in Bangladesh. So you get to know their market strategy lies in CAMERA BASED TECHNOLOGY.
Apple is maintaining its top position as Mobile giant all over the world including Bangladesh. The uniqueness of the brand makes it a completely different avatar from all the phones.
Founded by Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne in 1976, Apple is famous for its posh and classy iPhones. The secret behind Apple's large customer base is it offers products that have superior features and designs. People all over the world are always hyped up about this brand, especially in Bangladesh.
In Bangladesh, if you want to impress someone, you can simply show your iPhone or any Apple product and it will always catch the eyes of people. Apple has always maintained its quality with its innovative technological advancements. Many competitors of Apple tried to copy its looks and designs, including its features. This proves that Apple is superior to all phones. Apple now has taken over 40 countries and 499 retail stores in 22 countries.
Apple Inc. is famous for the innovative and unique designs and features of the iPhone, which is the signature product of Apple. Its revenue amounted to $229 billion in 2017. Apple first launched its iPhone in 2007 while the most updated iPhone models are the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 plus. These phones are revolutionary icons that awes the customers and let them have a new AI experience.
You can see we have done homework for the top mobile brands in Bangladesh 2018. Therefore, you can get to know it from us exclusively. However, we take specific and verified sites. In addition, we did not give any preference to any specific online portal.
So, did you find our content helpful? ? Share with us, which sites do you prefer to be the best sites for mobile hacks? Do not forget to share all of your thoughts with us.


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In Brief: Decent acting. Decent music. But not much else. You've seen this movie before only done better.
The first low note of the The High Note is that you can't see it in theaters. The Coronavirus pandemic has closed theaters and you can only view "The High Note" on one of a number of different pay-per-view streaming sources.
Dakota Johnson plays Maggie Sherwoode. She's the personal assistant for demanding soul singer and superstar, Grace Davis. Personal assistant means being on call 24/7. In what little spare time she has, Maggie dabbles in producing music.
The life of a recording engineer tops that of personal assistant any day.
Plus, Maggie just happens to be very good at her craft. She loves music. It speaks to her, touches her soul. She hears music in ways others do not. Producing music is a dream job and Maggie hopes being an assistant to a superstar might be a stepping stone.
Her pal David is a pretty good singer and writes terrific songs. The more Maggie hears David's music the more she believes in him, and the more she wants to record his music.
That's where one predictable event leads to another and wraps the story neatly into a semi-drama that includes an equally predictable romance and an accompanying crisis. It's a little too neatly and way too tidy.
That leads us to who's directing. The High Note is done by Prime Time Emmy winner Nisha Ganatra (Transparent). The script is from first-time screenwriter Flora Greeson. Ganatra also helmed last year's nifty comedy, Late Night. It netted Emma Thompson a Golden Globe best actress nomination in the comedy or musical category.
This one — like Late Night — is a little too TVish and has just a bit of an edge. It is in desperate need of one that is much sharper.
Part of the problem is Ganatra's style. She sticks this one in the same genre as Late Night. Instead of a late night TV host harassing a poor underling, it's a superstar soul singer. Both films have much in common with the much better, and much edgier, The Devil Wears Prada. And neither Thompson nor Tracee Ellis Ross' Davis are as wickedly nasty as Meryl Streep's Miranda Priestly.
In Thompson's case, she got close. Not so for Ross.
However, Ross is a lot more likable. In real life Ross is the daughter of music legend Diana Ross. She claims none of Davis' push to find something different and better for her career mimics her mom's life after The Supremes.
I can buy that one, but it's hard not to think the diva part of her character's personality didn't come from her mom's real life example.
What Ross does manage to do is look the part of a diva. She has mastered the much-needed evil-eye and rotten disposition usually associated with stratospheric stardom. Where she does take after her mom is in how well she sings. Her vocals are phenomenal. The music? Not so much.
In places — however — the music will keep you interested. So will the vocals of Kelvin Harrison Jr. who plays David. The plot will not and it, sadly, wastes some pretty good performances.
That leads to Johnson who is very good in everything. She owes much of that to a natural, girl-next-door charm. Johnson is quite charismatic, and that charisma even made her 50 Shades of Grey work palatable.
As the main character, Johnson's Maggie is the center that the film's storm swirls around. Storm might be the wrong word. It's often more like a minor squall. And like the characters done by Ross, Harrison and Ice Cube, there isn't much room in the plot for Johnson to do anything very deep.
She and the other actors are victims of Ganatra's nicey-nice style of filmmaking. Plus, you have seen this type of story so many times that you know the event sequences of acts one and two by heart. The lines uttered by the characters are predictable, and the contrived plot points will have you yawning.
It would be bad enough in a theater but in the comfort of your own home, acts one and two have the potential of being more powerful than a sleeping pill.
That said, do all you can to make it to the third act. This is where Ganatra's movie and Greeson's story gets interesting. Some fun plot twists are tossed into the mix that turn the way too many low notes into some high ones. Unfortunately, they done come fast enough, there aren't enough of them and they don't go very high.
The bottom-line? The too many low notes of The High Note undoes some decent acting and a sometimes up to par mix of soul and pop music.
Director: Nisha Ganatra
Stars: Dakota Johnson, Tracee Ellis Ross, Kelvin Harrison Jr., Ice Cube, Bill Pullman, Zoe Chao, Eddie Izzard, June Diane Raphael
Who doesn't love Dakota Johnson and Tracee Ellis Ross and Kelvin Harrison Jr. can sing but so what? Lots of low notes and not enough high ones.
You can find The High Note on a number of streaming sources.
Gary Wolcott has been reviewing movies on radio, television and newspaper since 1990. He believes — and this is an estimate only — that he's seen something close to 10,000 movies in his lifetime. Gary is a lifelong fan of films and catches a couple of hundred movies a year. He believes movies ought to be seen on the big screen and not on the small screen in your living room or family room. While he loves movies, he also says reviewing film can be a real sacrifice and that he sees many movies so you don't have to.
He is one of KXL 101.1 FM's film critics and joined the news staff in 2014. Gary is also the film critic for Tri-Cities, Washington's Tri-City Herald.
50 Shades of Gray Bill Pullman Black-ish Dakota Johnson Eddie Izzard Flora Greeson Ice Cube June Diane Raphael Kelvin Harrison Jr. Late Night Nisha Ganatra The High Note Tracee Ellis Ross Transparent Zoe Chao


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Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux
Shouichi Miyawaki, Yuko Tanimoto, Yoshiko Araki, Akira Katayama, Akihito Fujii, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
Study Objective: To examine the relationship between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. Design: Controlled descriptive study and double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Setting: Portable pH monitoring, electromyography, and audio-video recordings were conducted during the night in the subjects' home. Participants: Ten patients with bruxism and 10 normal subjects were matched for height, weight, age, and sex. They did not have symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intervention: Medication with a proton pump inhibitor (ie, a gastric-acid-inhibiting drug). Measurements and Results: The bruxism group showed a significantly higher frequency of nocturnal rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) episodes (mean ± SD: 6.7 ± 2.2 times per hour) and a higher frequency and percentage of time of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 4.0 and 5.0 (0.5 ± 0.9 and 3.6 ± 1.6 times per hour and 1.3% + 2.5% and 7.4% ± 12.6%, respectively) than the control group (RMMA episodes: 2.4 ± 0.9 times per hour; gastroesophageal reflux episodes; 0.0 ± 0.0 and 0.1 ± 0.3 times per hour and 0.0% ± 0.0% and 0.0% ± 0.0%, respectively). In the bruxism group, 100% of the gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 3.0 and 4.0 included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst, the duration of which was approximately 0.5 to 1.0 seconds, probably representing swallowing of saliva. The majority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 also included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst in the control and bruxism groups (100% ± 0.0% vs 70 7% ± 16.5%), again probably due to swallowing of saliva. The remaining minority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 contained only an electromyographic burst (swallowing of saliva). The frequency of RMMA episodes after the release of the medication from the proton pump inhibitor, which increased the gastric and esophageal pH, was significantly lower than that after administration of the placebo in the control and bruxism groups (1.0 ± 0.6 vs 1.9 ± 3.2 times per hour, and 3.7 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 2.2 times per hour, respectively). Conclusions: Nocturnal bruxism may be secondary to nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux, occurring via sleep arousal and often together with swallowing. The physiologic link between bruxism and the increase in salivation needs to be investigated.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.7.888
Published - 2003 Nov 1
Electromyogram
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
Parafunction
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA)
10.1093/sleep/26.7.888
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Sleep Bruxism Medicine & Life Sciences
Bruxism Medicine & Life Sciences
Gastroesophageal Reflux Medicine & Life Sciences
Masticatory Muscles Medicine & Life Sciences
Deglutition Medicine & Life Sciences
Saliva Medicine & Life Sciences
Proton Pump Inhibitors Medicine & Life Sciences
Miyawaki, S., Tanimoto, Y., Araki, Y., Katayama, A., Fujii, A., & Takano-Yamamoto, T. (2003). Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. Sleep, 26(7), 888-892. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.7.888
Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. / Miyawaki, Shouichi; Tanimoto, Yuko; Araki, Yoshiko; Katayama, Akira; Fujii, Akihito; Takano-Yamamoto, Teruko.
In: Sleep, Vol. 26, No. 7, 01.11.2003, p. 888-892.
Miyawaki, S, Tanimoto, Y, Araki, Y, Katayama, A, Fujii, A & Takano-Yamamoto, T 2003, 'Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux', Sleep, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 888-892. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.7.888
Miyawaki S, Tanimoto Y, Araki Y, Katayama A, Fujii A, Takano-Yamamoto T. Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. Sleep. 2003 Nov 1;26(7):888-892. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.7.888
Miyawaki, Shouichi ; Tanimoto, Yuko ; Araki, Yoshiko ; Katayama, Akira ; Fujii, Akihito ; Takano-Yamamoto, Teruko. / Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. In: Sleep. 2003 ; Vol. 26, No. 7. pp. 888-892.
@article{3e2085f95fec45e7b770b8d8dbbe649e,
title = "Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux",
abstract = "Study Objective: To examine the relationship between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. Design: Controlled descriptive study and double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Setting: Portable pH monitoring, electromyography, and audio-video recordings were conducted during the night in the subjects' home. Participants: Ten patients with bruxism and 10 normal subjects were matched for height, weight, age, and sex. They did not have symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intervention: Medication with a proton pump inhibitor (ie, a gastric-acid-inhibiting drug). Measurements and Results: The bruxism group showed a significantly higher frequency of nocturnal rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) episodes (mean ± SD: 6.7 ± 2.2 times per hour) and a higher frequency and percentage of time of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 4.0 and 5.0 (0.5 ± 0.9 and 3.6 ± 1.6 times per hour and 1.3% + 2.5% and 7.4% ± 12.6%, respectively) than the control group (RMMA episodes: 2.4 ± 0.9 times per hour; gastroesophageal reflux episodes; 0.0 ± 0.0 and 0.1 ± 0.3 times per hour and 0.0% ± 0.0% and 0.0% ± 0.0%, respectively). In the bruxism group, 100% of the gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 3.0 and 4.0 included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst, the duration of which was approximately 0.5 to 1.0 seconds, probably representing swallowing of saliva. The majority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 also included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst in the control and bruxism groups (100% ± 0.0% vs 70 7% ± 16.5%), again probably due to swallowing of saliva. The remaining minority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 contained only an electromyographic burst (swallowing of saliva). The frequency of RMMA episodes after the release of the medication from the proton pump inhibitor, which increased the gastric and esophageal pH, was significantly lower than that after administration of the placebo in the control and bruxism groups (1.0 ± 0.6 vs 1.9 ± 3.2 times per hour, and 3.7 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 2.2 times per hour, respectively). Conclusions: Nocturnal bruxism may be secondary to nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux, occurring via sleep arousal and often together with swallowing. The physiologic link between bruxism and the increase in salivation needs to be investigated.",
keywords = "Acid, Bruxism, Electromyogram, Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), Parafunction, Proton pump inhibitor (PPI), Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), Sleep",
author = "Shouichi Miyawaki and Yuko Tanimoto and Yoshiko Araki and Akira Katayama and Akihito Fujii and Teruko Takano-Yamamoto",
doi = "10.1093/sleep/26.7.888",
journal = "Sleep",
publisher = "American Academy of Sleep Medicine",
T1 - Association between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux
AU - Miyawaki, Shouichi
AU - Tanimoto, Yuko
AU - Araki, Yoshiko
AU - Katayama, Akira
AU - Fujii, Akihito
AU - Takano-Yamamoto, Teruko
N2 - Study Objective: To examine the relationship between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. Design: Controlled descriptive study and double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Setting: Portable pH monitoring, electromyography, and audio-video recordings were conducted during the night in the subjects' home. Participants: Ten patients with bruxism and 10 normal subjects were matched for height, weight, age, and sex. They did not have symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intervention: Medication with a proton pump inhibitor (ie, a gastric-acid-inhibiting drug). Measurements and Results: The bruxism group showed a significantly higher frequency of nocturnal rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) episodes (mean ± SD: 6.7 ± 2.2 times per hour) and a higher frequency and percentage of time of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 4.0 and 5.0 (0.5 ± 0.9 and 3.6 ± 1.6 times per hour and 1.3% + 2.5% and 7.4% ± 12.6%, respectively) than the control group (RMMA episodes: 2.4 ± 0.9 times per hour; gastroesophageal reflux episodes; 0.0 ± 0.0 and 0.1 ± 0.3 times per hour and 0.0% ± 0.0% and 0.0% ± 0.0%, respectively). In the bruxism group, 100% of the gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 3.0 and 4.0 included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst, the duration of which was approximately 0.5 to 1.0 seconds, probably representing swallowing of saliva. The majority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 also included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst in the control and bruxism groups (100% ± 0.0% vs 70 7% ± 16.5%), again probably due to swallowing of saliva. The remaining minority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 contained only an electromyographic burst (swallowing of saliva). The frequency of RMMA episodes after the release of the medication from the proton pump inhibitor, which increased the gastric and esophageal pH, was significantly lower than that after administration of the placebo in the control and bruxism groups (1.0 ± 0.6 vs 1.9 ± 3.2 times per hour, and 3.7 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 2.2 times per hour, respectively). Conclusions: Nocturnal bruxism may be secondary to nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux, occurring via sleep arousal and often together with swallowing. The physiologic link between bruxism and the increase in salivation needs to be investigated.
AB - Study Objective: To examine the relationship between nocturnal bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux. Design: Controlled descriptive study and double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study. Setting: Portable pH monitoring, electromyography, and audio-video recordings were conducted during the night in the subjects' home. Participants: Ten patients with bruxism and 10 normal subjects were matched for height, weight, age, and sex. They did not have symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Intervention: Medication with a proton pump inhibitor (ie, a gastric-acid-inhibiting drug). Measurements and Results: The bruxism group showed a significantly higher frequency of nocturnal rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) episodes (mean ± SD: 6.7 ± 2.2 times per hour) and a higher frequency and percentage of time of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 4.0 and 5.0 (0.5 ± 0.9 and 3.6 ± 1.6 times per hour and 1.3% + 2.5% and 7.4% ± 12.6%, respectively) than the control group (RMMA episodes: 2.4 ± 0.9 times per hour; gastroesophageal reflux episodes; 0.0 ± 0.0 and 0.1 ± 0.3 times per hour and 0.0% ± 0.0% and 0.0% ± 0.0%, respectively). In the bruxism group, 100% of the gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH less than 3.0 and 4.0 included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst, the duration of which was approximately 0.5 to 1.0 seconds, probably representing swallowing of saliva. The majority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 also included both an RMMA episode and an electromyographic burst in the control and bruxism groups (100% ± 0.0% vs 70 7% ± 16.5%), again probably due to swallowing of saliva. The remaining minority of gastroesophageal reflux episodes with a pH of 4.0 to 5.0 contained only an electromyographic burst (swallowing of saliva). The frequency of RMMA episodes after the release of the medication from the proton pump inhibitor, which increased the gastric and esophageal pH, was significantly lower than that after administration of the placebo in the control and bruxism groups (1.0 ± 0.6 vs 1.9 ± 3.2 times per hour, and 3.7 ± 1.9 vs. 6.0 ± 2.2 times per hour, respectively). Conclusions: Nocturnal bruxism may be secondary to nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux, occurring via sleep arousal and often together with swallowing. The physiologic link between bruxism and the increase in salivation needs to be investigated.
KW - Acid
KW - Bruxism
KW - Electromyogram
KW - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
KW - Parafunction
KW - Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
KW - Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA)
KW - Sleep
U2 - 10.1093/sleep/26.7.888
DO - 10.1093/sleep/26.7.888
JO - Sleep
JF - Sleep


text:
CCharacterItemM2Instance::CCharacterItemM2Instance(IScene& Scene, CWorldClient& WorldClient, const std::shared_ptr<CM2>& M2Object, const CCharacterItem& CharacterItem, EM2_AttachmentPoint AttachmentPoint)
	: CM2_Base_Instance(Scene, WorldClient, M2Object)
	, m_CharacterItem(CharacterItem)
	, m_AttachmentPoint(AttachmentPoint)
{}

CCharacterItemM2Instance::~CCharacterItemM2Instance()
{}

//
// CCharacterItemM2Instance
//
const CCharacterItem& CCharacterItemM2Instance::GetCharacterItem() const
{
	//if (auto loadable = dynamic_cast<const ILoadable*>(&m_CharacterItem))
	//{
	//	auto state = loadable->GetState();
	//	if (state != ILoadable::ELoadableState::Loaded)
	//		throw CException("CCharacterItemM2Instance::GetCharacterItem: CharacterItem isn't loaded. State = '%d'.", state);
	//}

	return m_CharacterItem;
}

//
// ILoadable
//
void CCharacterItemM2Instance::OnAfterLoad()
{
	// Item enchants
	const DBC_ItemVisualsRecord* itemVisualsRecord = GetBaseManager().GetManager<CDBCStorage>()->DBC_ItemVisuals()[GetCharacterItem().GetTemplate().EnchantAuraID];
	if (itemVisualsRecord != nullptr)
	{
		for (uint32 itemAttachmentPoint = 0; itemAttachmentPoint < DBC_ItemVisuals_VisualEffect_Count; itemAttachmentPoint++)
		{
			uint32 itemVisualEffectID = itemVisualsRecord->Get_VisualEffect(itemAttachmentPoint);
			const DBC_ItemVisualEffectsRecord* itemVisualEffectRecord = GetBaseManager().GetManager<CDBCStorage>()->DBC_ItemVisualEffects()[itemVisualEffectID];
			if (itemVisualEffectRecord == nullptr)
				continue;

			std::string itemVisualEffectRecordModelFilename = itemVisualEffectRecord->Get_Name();
			if (itemVisualEffectRecordModelFilename.empty())
				continue;

			// M2 model
			auto itemVisualEffectModel = GetWorldClient().GetCreator()->LoadM2(GetRenderDevice(), itemVisualEffectRecordModelFilename);
			if (itemVisualEffectModel == nullptr)
				throw CException("CCharacterItem::InitializeItemModels: itemVisualEffectM2Model is nullptr. ItemVisualsRecord ID = '%d', ItemVisualEffectsRecord = '%d' Index = '%d', Path '%s'.", GetCharacterItem().GetTemplate().EnchantAuraID, itemVisualEffectID, itemAttachmentPoint, itemVisualEffectRecordModelFilename.c_str());

			// M2 Instance
			auto itemVisualEffectInstance = CreateSceneNode<CCharacterItemEffectM2Instance>(GetWorldClient(), itemVisualEffectModel, m_CharacterItem);
			itemVisualEffectInstance->AddParentLoadable(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ILoadable>(shared_from_this()));
			GetBaseManager().GetManager<ILoader>()->AddToLoadQueue(itemVisualEffectInstance);

			// If item contains attachment, then attach to item's attachment point, else to item same position
			if (GetM2().getMiscellaneous().isAttachmentExists((EM2_AttachmentPoint)itemAttachmentPoint))
			{
				auto itemModelAttachment = GetM2().getMiscellaneous().getAttachment((EM2_AttachmentPoint)itemAttachmentPoint);
				itemVisualEffectInstance->Attach(itemModelAttachment->GetAttachmentType()); // Attach visual effect to itemInstace attachment
			}
		}
	}
}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The number of spam messages received through blog comments at thecave.com has increased to a point where I finally had to do something about it. So today I implemented a CAPTCHA field required to make a blog comment. The code is a partial C# port of the CAPTCHA Server Control for ASP.NET, which is written in VB.NET.
My next step will be removing the 400+ spam comments posted. Joy, joy.
Update: The CAPTCHA implementation has eliminated 100% of blog comment spam on this site. I wish email spam could be eliminated just as easily.
Posted in programming. Tagged in blog.


text:
Q: gem install fails with "Could not find a valid gem 'yaml'" I'm building a gem from a currently working ruby program. It's using jruby 1.7.12 and, among other things, does a "require 'yaml". For the gem, my Gemfile contains:
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gemspec

When I run
gem build program.gemspec

that works just fine, but when I run
gem install program-0.15.01.gem

it fails with
ERROR:  Could not find a valid gem 'yaml' (>= 0) in any repository
ERROR:  Possible alternatives: aml, cyaml, haml, maml, raml

Doesn't make any sense since the yaml module is part of the ruby 1.9.3 standard library.
I've upgraded to the latest rubygems (2.4.5).
What the heck am I missing?

A: yaml is part of Ruby. There is no yaml gem (see https://rubygems.org/search?query=yaml).
Therefore remove
s.add_runtime_dependency 'yaml'

from your gemspec and just add require 'yaml' to the file in which you want to use YAML.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
June 21st, 2018 at 10:33 am
A cancer blockbuster gets approved in China. Will the floodgates now open?
in: Cancer,China,Medical Breakthrough
Bristol-Myers Squibb announced today that its pioneering cancer immunotherapy drug Opdivo has been approved for sale in China.
Opdivo targets a protein called PD-1, which is effectively a braking signal in the immune system. Cancer cells are incredibly wily when it comes to evading the body's own natural defenses, and one of the ways they manage this feat is by tricking the immune system into restraining its own attack dogs. So-called "checkpoint inhibitors" like Opdivo—which is often called by its biological name, nivolumab—essentially remove the biological leash, allowing immune cells to freely attack the cancer predator.
The strategy, along with other immuno-oncology, or IO approaches, has been remarkably effective in a small subset of cancer patients—and has even cured some people with terminal disease. There's also an inherent danger in IO, as you can imagine. (There are reasons, after all, why the human body has put various limitations and border controls on the immune response.) But that said, from both a clinical point-of-view and a commercial one, there hasn't been this much excitement over a new class of cancer drugs in a long, long while.


text:
Collective Iranian Culturebase
Section: Dynasty /Monday 13th October 2014
Alphabetic Index : A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Search β):
* Dabuyid dynasty *
Gaubarid Dynasty
سلسله گاوبارگان ، سلسله دابویگان*دابویگان گاوباری
(Wikipedia) - Dabuyid dynasty
Dabuyid dynasty
← 642–760 → → → →
The Dabuyid dynasty around its greatest extent under Farrukhan the Great
Capital Amol (early) Sari (late)
Languages Middle Persian, Caspian languages
Religion Zoroastrianism
Government Monarchy
Ispahbadh
- 640-660 Gil Gavbara (first)
- 740/41-759/60 Khurshid (last)
Historical era Middle Ages
- Muslim conquest of Persia 642
- Abbasid conquest of Tabaristan 760
Today part of
Part of a series on the
Mythological history
Pishdadian dynasty
Kayanian dynasty
Ancient period
Proto-Elamite (3200–2700 BCE)
Elam (2700–539 BCE)
Mannaeans (850–616 BCE)
Imperial period
Median Empire (678–550 BCE)
(Scythian Kingdom) (652–625 BCE)
Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE)
Atropatene (320s BC – 3rd century AD)
Seleucid Empire (312–63 BCE)
Parthian Empire (247 BCE – 224 CE)
Sasanian Empire (224–651)
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
Dabuyids (642–760)
Bavandids (651–1349)
Masmughans of Damavand (651–760)
Paduspanids (665–1598)
Qarinvandids (7th-century–11th-century)
Justanids (791–974)
Alid dynasties of northern Iran (864–14th century)
Tahirid dynasty (821–873)
Samanid dynasty (819–999)
Saffarid dynasty (861–1002)
Ghurid dynasty (before 879–1141)
Sajid dynasty (889–929)
Sallarid dynasty (919–1062)
Ziyarid dynasty (930–1090)
Ilyasids (932–968)
Buyid dynasty (934–1062)
Ghaznavid Empire (977–1186)
Kakuyids (1008-1141)
Nasrids (1029-1236)
Seljuq Empire (1037–1194)
Khwarazmian Empire (1077–1231)
Atabegs of Yazd (1141–1319)
Mihrabanids (1236–1537)
Kurt dynasty (1244–1396)
Ilkhanate Empire (1256–1335)
Chobanid dynasty (1335–1357)
Muzaffarid dynasty (1335–1393)
Jalayirid dynasty (1337–1376)
Sarbadars (1337–1376)
Injuids (1335–1357)
Afrasiyab dynasty (1349–1504)
Marashis (1359–1596)
Timurid dynasty (1370–1507)
Qara Qoyunlu (1406–1468)
Aq Qoyunlu (1468–1508)
Kia''i dynasty (1389–1592)
Safavid Empire (1501–1736)
(Hotaki dynasty) (1722–1729)
Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)
Zand dynasty (1750–1794)
Qajar dynasty (1785–1925)
Modern period
Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979)
Interim Government of Iran (1979-1980)
Islamic Republic of Iran (1980-present)
The Dabuyid or Gaubarid Dynasty was a Zoroastrian Iranian dynasty that started in the early seventh century as an independent group of rulers, reigning over Tabaristan and parts of western Khorasan. Dabuyid rule over Tabaristan and Khorasan lasted from ca. AD 642 to the Abbasid conquest in 760.
2 Dabuyid rulers
The family''s early history is semi-mythical, and recorded by the later historian Ibn Isfandiyar. According to this story, the Dabuyids were descended from a brother of the Sassanid shah Kavadh I. His grandson Firuz conquered Gilan, and Firuz''s grandson Gil, surnamed Gavbara, then extended the family''s rule over Tabaristan as well. This led to the formal conferment of the titles of Gil-Gilan ("ruler of Gilan") and Padashwargarshah ("Shah of Patashwargar", the old name of Tabaristan''s mountains), to Gil''s son Dabuya or Daboe, by the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia the Dabuyids established their domain as a quasi-independent principality, owing only nominal allegiance to the Arab Caliphate. In addition to the titles granted by Yazdegerd, the Dabuyid rulers also bore the old Iranian military rank of ispahbadh as their regnal title.
The first documented ruler of the Dabuyid line, however, is Farrukhan the Great, who repelled a great Muslim invasion under Yazid ibn al-Muhallab in 716–717, and who may in reality be the true founder of Dabuyid rule in Tabaristan; more recent research places his assumption of power there in the 670s instead of the early 710s, as hitherto assumed. Farrokhan died in 728, and was succeeded by his son, Dadmihr. Little is known of his reign, and he died at an early age in 740/741. His son and successor, Khurshid, was still a boy, and his uncle Farrukhan the Little ruled as regent for seven years. Khurshid ruled a prosperous state, and tried repeatedly, though without success, to break his ties to the Caliphate, exploiting the turmoil of the final years of the Umayyads and of the Abbasid Revolution. These attempts led to a large-scale invasion of Tabaristan in 759, forcing Khurshid to seek refuge in Gilan, where he poisoned himself in 761.
Dabuyid rulers
Gil Gavbara (640-660)
Dabuya (660-676)
Farrukhan the Great (712-728)
Dadhburzmihr (728-740/41)
Farrukhan the Little (740/41-747/48) as regent for
Khurshid (741-759/60)
Tags:Abbasid, Abbasid Caliphate, Achaemenid, Achaemenid Empire, Amol, Arab, Atabegs of Yazd, Atropatene, Azerbaijan, Caliphate, Capital, Caspian, Dabuyid dynasty, Damavand, Dynasty, Elam, Elamite, Gilan, History of Iran, Hotaki, Ibn, Ilkhanate, Iran, Iranian, Islamic, Islamic Republic, Islamic Republic of Iran, Kavadh, Khorasan, Middle Ages, Monarchy, Muslim, Muzaffarid, Pahlavi, Parthian, Parthian Empire, Persia, Persian, Pishdadian, Proto-Elamite, Qajar, Revolution, Safavid, Safavid Empire, Saffarid, Samanid, Sari, Sassanid, Seleucid, Shah, Tahirid, Timurid, Timurid dynasty, Turkmenistan, Umayyad, Wikipedia, Yazd, Yazdegerd, Yazdegerd III, Yazid, Zand, Zoroastrian
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HORCONEX has developed an environmentally responsible concept in greenhouse construction and design - the Solar Venlo® greenhouse. By incorporating solar panels in the roof on one side, intelligent use is made of the Venlo greenhouse design to produce green electricity. Not only is this type of greenhouse an excellent solution when growing shade loving crops, it is also ideal for your service area.
Because of the reduced light transmission through the solar panels, the Solar Venlo® greenhouse is ideal for use in combination with shade loving crops. Various flowers and potted plants thrive well in shady conditions. Some vegetable crops, such as lettuce and asparagus, can also be grown successfully in the Solar Venlo® greenhouse. Would you like more information about the possibilities of this concept in combination with shade loving crops? If so, please contact us.
If installing solar panels in the greenhouse roof in the growing area is not an option, green electricity can be generated using other areas of your greenhouse roof. After all, most of the greenhouse projects designed and built by HORCONEX not only consist of a growing area, the adjoining areas are often also incorporated in the structure as it is convenient and cost-effective to do so. As a result, the offices, toilets, canteens, boiler rooms and the storage and service areas form a neat whole together with the growing area. Furthermore, these working areas make it possible to benefit from the Solar Venlo® design in other parts of your greenhouse. For example, the shade provided by the solar panels contributes to creating pleasant working conditions in your processing area.
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An appealing combination of crop growing and electricity generation.
A more comfortable climate for your workers.
For further information about the Solar Venlo® concept please contact us.


Melaka is unlike any other city in Malaysia. The city centre was established as a UNESCO Heritage Site in 2008, and beams with history and its fusion of cultures. It doesn't even have its own Sultan, a political norm that exists in most states in Malaysia, after it was conquered by the Portuguese in 1501. The city was under colonial rule by first the Portuguese, then the Dutch in the 17th-19th centuries, then the British from the 19th century until 1948.
Melaka's city centre is beautiful, and at times leaves you thinking you're in Europe instead of Southeast Asia.
Jonker walk is a must if you visit Melaka. It is the Chinatown of the state, and it's night markets and walkways are lovely!
There is also the Melaka River, a landscape feature you are used to seeing in Europe. Think Venice, Amsterdam and so on, so it's a rather wonderful feature of the city!
Finally, Melaka is also home to numerous bronze and golden statues of their most famous resident, Datuk Wira Dr. Gan Boon Leong, who won titles such as Mr Universe and is known as the 'Father of Bodybuilding in Malaysia'. Now in his 80s, he is now a local celebrity and politician. How awesome is that! There are 4 statues immortalising him around the city, and here is one of them.
So there's a brief intro to Melaka and some of it's loveliest aspects.


"I'll be honest. They're #3 because your options for Veg food in Sac are limited. I really wanted this place to rock. I've..."
"I used to work for a vendor at the farmers market and the owner of Sellands would always be there picking out the best stuff..." via Eleza K.
"Wonderful food amazing customer service and adorable ambiance! If you want to go out to eat and feel good about what you are..." via Fayla W.


text:
Q: How do you calculate bitwise XOR in your head? Subtraction has an easy method: you can literally count down until you get it.
So does addition, multiplication, division, etc.
However, does bitwise XOR have a method like this that you can do in your head (apart from converting into binary)? If so, how?

A: Look to see whether $a$ and $b$ are odd or even.  If the are both the same keep track of $0$.  If they are different keep track of $1$.
If either $a$ or $b$ are odd subtract one; if even do nothing.
Divide $a$ and $b$ by $2$.
Repeat until done.
.....
Example $57 XOR 92$.
$57$ is odd $92$ is even: $**********1$
$(57-1)\div 2 = 28$.  $92\div 2=46$.  Both even: $*********01$
$14, 23$:  One odd, the other even:  $***********101$
$14\to 7$ and $23\to 22 \to 11$.  Both odd:  $*******0101$
$7\to 6\to 3$ and $11\to 10\to 5$.  Both odd:  $******00101$
$3\to 2\to 1$ and $5\to 4\to 2$.  Different:  $******100101$
$1\to 0$ and $4\to 1$.  Different: $*******1100101$
$0$ adn $1\to 0$.  Same and we are done:
$57 XOR 92 = 1100101$ or in decimal:
$1 + 0 + 4 +0 + 0 + 32 + 64 = 101$.
======
Ross Millikin says it might be easier to go from the higher powers of two down.
Let's see.
$57XOR 92$.
Smallest power of $2$ larger than both is $128$ and both are smaller so that's a leading $0$ (doesn't) count.
Next power is $64$ and $57 < 64 < 92$.  They are on different sides.  Count it.  $1_2$ or $64$.
Subtract $64 $ from $92$ to get $28$.
Next power is $32$.  $28 < 32 < 57$.  Different sides count that.  $11_2$ or $64+32 = 96$.
Subtract $32$ from $57$ to get $25$.
Next power is $16$.  $16 < 25< 28$.  Both on same side.  Don't count it.  $110_2$ or $96$.
Subtract $16$ from both to the $9$ and $12$.
Next power is $8$.  $8 < 9 < 12$.  Same side.  Don't count.  $1100_2$ or $96$.
Subtract $8$ to get $1$ and $4$
Nex power is $4$.  $1< 4= 4$.  Equality is the cutoff points so they are considered different sides so so  Count it.  $11001_2$ or $96+4 = 100$.
Subtract $4$ from $4$ to get $0$
Next power is $2$.  $0<1<2$ Same.  $110010_2$ or $100$.
Last power is $1$.  $0< 1=1$ Different. $1100101_2$ or $100 + 1 =101$
And we are done.
Was that easier?  .....  I have to admit it had its charms.

A: You have to convert to binary, but it may be easier if you do it down from the top, and it will certainly be easier if you know the powers of $2$ automatically.  Do you know instantly that $2^{13}=8128?$  For things up to $17$ bits you just need powers up to $2^{16}=65536$.  Start from the top.  Are they both or neither greater than $65536?$  If so, write $0$, else write $1$.  Subtract $65536$ from whichever is greater than that and ask if either or both is greater than $32768$.  Keep going.


text:
Carlos Maldonado
When one thinks of California, the great metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco immediately come to mind. Yet, there is another important region–the Central Valley. One-quarter of the nation's food comes from this fertile 450-mile north-south swath of land. It is here that Mexican-American and Filipino-American grape pickers formed the United Farm Workers union in 1965. An estimated 6.5 million people live in the Central Valley, and poverty rates are among the state's highest.
The educational experience of students from the Central Valley is unlike those of their urban or suburban counterparts. Primary and secondary school students here have fewer educational options. They lack access to magnet school programs or even bussing to "better" school districts.
Carlos Maldonado, 26, was raised in the Central Valley town of Avenal, which means "oat field" in Spanish. With a population of just over 15,000, Avenal is located midway between Los Angeles—180 miles to the south—and San Francisco—200 miles to the north. The local industry is predominately agriculture, although Avenal State Prison is one of the largest employers in the area.
Carlos's parents, Elisa and Carlos, Sr., came to the United States from Michoacan, Mexico, in their mid-teens. Carlos, Sr. was educated to the 5th grade. Elisa had a 4th grade education and would later earn her high school diploma in the United State. For 26 years, Elisa has worked at a pistachio plant sorting pistachios and, until he was disabled by injury, Carlos, Sr. worked picking fruit and pruning trees in the almond orchard.
In school, Carlos received many academic awards and distinctions. Between kindergarten and the 12th grade alone, he earned two dozen academic achievement awards. He was also honored as his high school class valedictorian.
"I knew college was a good thing. I always knew I was going to make it there somehow, one day, to a good college," Carlos said.
Carlos had uncles who had attended community college, and he observed that they held higher status jobs than those who did not attend college.
One day at a family party when Carlos was in the seventh grade, an uncle said to him 'maybe one day you should go out and get a Ph.D. and become Dr. Maldonado.' "I thought no, no, no. What? A Ph.D.? I had never seen a Mexican get a Ph.D., so what made him thinkI would get one?"
Carlos was fortunate to have unconditional family support for his academic ambitions. He also learned that it was possible to take classes at nearby West Hills Community College while still in high school and earn college credit. He enrolled in a history class during the summer of his sophomore year. "I remember I only had a driving permit, and I'd have to take my dad. I told him we were going to college and he said, 'OK,' so we'd get in the car and then he would wait for me," said Carlos. "They were long classes because it was summer, so my dad had to listen to a lot of radio. He waited in the car mostly."
After graduating from Avenal High School in 2002, Carlos—like a pioneer—forged an uncharted and winding course through the state's three college systems—the California Community College system, the California State University System, and the University of California system. Without the benefit of a counselor or mentor, his guidance system through these systems was primitive and inadequate.
The process of college enrollment can be very complicated for a first-time college student. From high school, Carlos was accepted to California State University, Northridge (CSUN), among other universities. "My heart was set on CSUN, because it was not too far from home and yet far away enough for me to be able to venture out of the Valley," Carlos said. But weeks before his first semester at CSUN was to begin, he received a letter from the housing office informing him that he was on a wait-list for a dorm room. More than 100 students were ahead of him on the list. "I had no idea there was a housing application that had to be submitted. I was like, whoa, OK, this is a problem because classes are less than one month away and I have nowhere to live. I shared the news with my parents and asked what could we do? I called CSUN, and I told them the situation. I don't even live in the area…what am I going to do?" Carlos said.
At risk was nearly $10,000 in scholarship awards that Carlos had won. His primary concern was keeping two of the biggest: the Masonic Foundation Scholarship, worth about $5,000, and the Paramount Farming scholarship, worth about $4,000. Both required proof of enrollment in a four-year institution.
CSUN had moved him up on the housing wait list but could not guarantee accommodations. Rather than chance losing the award money, Carlos enrolled at California State University, Bakersfield, a university that had also accepted him.
Although he found the courses to be intellectually stimulating, Carlos's experience at CSU Bakersfield was difficult. He felt lonely and isolated. To maximize study time, he had opted to live alone in a single dorm room rather than with a roommate. He did not own a car, so off-campus diversions were inaccessible. Moving only between classes and his apartment, and still feeling the heartbreak of being unable to attend CSUN, Carlos was unhappy.
"Looking back, I still try to try to understand my experience because sometimes it's hard for me to remember how I felt. But really,
I felt lost," Carlos said. "That's not a good feeling because it doesn't allow you to develop a plan. That was always my question during that process 'what is the next step?' I had no idea, and that's a really ugly feeling to have."
A student must wait a full year before she or he can transfer between Cal State campuses. Carlos felt strongly that he could not wait out the year, so he sacrificed the scholarships and returned to Avenal, enrolling at West Hills Community College (WHCC) with the hope of transferring to another four-year institution.
"I was in limbo now with the whole college experience. I was questioning whether or not I was college material any more.
I didn't really know who to talk to," Carlos recalls. Luckily, Manuel, a friend from high school, was studying at WHCC. He introduced Carlos to a counselor named Sandy, who gave him the Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) advising form. The IGETC spelled out the courses required for transfer to a University of California or California State University campus.
Carlos followed the guide and took a full course load, earning a 4.0 grade point average every semester. He regained his academic self-confidence. He feels he would not have learned of the IGETC advising form if not for Manuel. He would not have known that there was a transfer protocol to follow and believes without it, he would have enrolled in courses at will. "A lot of information I got was through word of mouth from other students," said Carlos. "There needs to be a formalized way to get information out to students and their families." "The transfer process needs to be made less mysterious in community college." said Carlos.
He notes that in the Central Valley, vocational education programs—such as the Forklift Driver Certification—are advertised heavily in local papers. "I don't see any of that effort to get students to be on track to transfer," said Carlos. He feels that vocational education is prioritized over transfers in an effort to serve the local economies—agriculture and correctional institutions.
A relatively new program at WHCC, the Psychiatric Technicians Program is highly impacted. "It has a huge waiting list, there are students doing whatever they can to get into that program," said Carlos. It takes eighteen months to complete, and students who finish the program will assist clinicians with interventions and treatments in the correctional facility hospitals. According to Carlos, the college advertises the program as "quick—and you come out with a job, which is fine." But given the state's predicted shortage of individuals with bachelor's degrees, Carlos says colleges must change their communication strategies. "West Hills, and any other community college for that matter, must advocate transfer as a top option," he says.
He wonders why students from that area don't take the transfer route: "It's almost like if you want to go do something, you have to go work in the prisons. That's what it sounds like to me."
After a year and a half at WHCC, Carlos transferred to the University of California, Irvine (UCI), where he majored in Psychology and Social Behavior and Criminology, Law and Society. He graduated with top honors.
Carlos' brother Osvaldo is now in his fourth year at UCI, and Mrs. and Mr. Maldonado have a much easier time helping their youngest son Eduardo, 13, prepare for college thanks to the path paved by Carlos. Today, Carlos is a second-year Ph.D. student in the Education and Information Studies Program at the University of California, Los Angeles, and he is close to realizing his uncles' dream of becoming the first Dr. Maldonado in the family.
Student Success Indicator
Completing courses. What may seem like an obvious indicator of student success is not mirrored in student behavior. Carlos regained his academic self-confidence when he started to successfully move through the IGETC coursework and could see the progress he was making. But in a study tracking a cohort of students entering the California Community College system in 2003 over a six-year period, students completed only 69% of the credits they attempted. Black and Latino students completed credits at even lower rates, 49% and 58%, respectively.*
SOURCE: *Moore, C., Shulock, N. (2010). Divided We Fail: Improving Completion and Closing Racial Gaps in California's Community Colleges. Institute for Higher Education Leadership & Policy, CSU Sacramento


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7. Increased likelihood I'm ordering after a white guy who speaks better Spanish than me (shot-out Mormon missionaries, I see tu').
6. In the first week, I'll lose three fingers from frostbite after digging out my Mexican Coke from under the avalanche of shaved ice.
Alien invaders tried to mess with the gringos at the Alamo in 1836, but they didn't count on brave defenders Laurence Harvey, John Wayne, Richard Widmark, Charles Bronson, Yul Brynner, James Coburn, Clint Eastwood, Henry Fonda, Terence Hill, Steve McQueen, Gian Maria Volonte, Lee Van Cleef, and Eli Wallach. Far Alamo documents the epic battle they never taught you in school.
POCHO's Associate Naranjero Gustavo ¡Ask a Mexican! Arellano dons traditional garb to esplain How REAL Mexicans Should Celebrate Cinco de Mayo.
Make America Great Again with Mike Pence That Mexican Thing Again ringtones. They're the perfect audio identifiers for those extra especial phone calls!
Americans are united in their reaction to the imminent threat of #tacotrucksoneverycorner if Hillary Clinton is elected. We saw it on the Internets, so it must be true!
"Build a wall, ese? Hell! I've got my wheelbarrow right here," says Texas-born Donald Trump supporter Pizarrón aka The Chalkboard. He's the artist formerly known as Ernest Acosta.
Dear Don: You've got mail — Inland Empire (Califas) rapper YungBlu's Letter to Donald Trump. And if you're having trouble getting the message, Donald, YungBlu is on Facebook, the web and the Twitter.


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Begin drawing the wavy line for the top part of the top lip.
Next complete the upper lip shape like so, and make sure that it is contoured like so and lifted up at the corners or ends.
You will draw the lining to form the bottom lip line like so, then move to step four.
Color in the lips and when you do this make sure the creases, cracks, and seam like lines are added.
That's it you are all done. Now you can color these Valentine lips in.
After this lesson there is one more Valentine related tut that I will upload. Here is "how to draw Valentine lips", step by step. This style of lips are usually seen with chocolates, cards, and even stuffed pillows. When drawing lips (especially in this style) you will have to make sure that all the cracks and creases to the lips are added like you see here for texture and detail. Have fun drawing Valentine lips and I will be back with another tut.


If you live in a country that has long, cold winters, warmer weather is probably something you look forward to experiencing for at least a few months during the summer. While many of us may enjoy some fun in the sun, it brings along a few extra challenges that I'd like to cover in this article.
When you're a new ostomate, the inevitable questions about showering tend to come up: Can I get my appliance wet? Should I remove my appliance? Will water hurt my stoma? Fortunately, these questions are pretty easy to answer, but there are certain considerations to keep in mind.
While there are many clothing options for women who have an ostomy, it's not so easy for men. Surprisingly, I haven't found many resources which deal with men's clothing challenges, so I'm hoping this post helps you guys out.
One of the concerns that ostomates face is whether they can get their appliance wet or not. For many of us, a shower doesn't affect our wafers durability, nor does it cause any significant problems, but for those who go swimming or use hot tubs, the extended exposure to water can be a challenge. The product I'll be reviewing today is called the Flange Seal Ring by OstomyEssentials, which will be based on samples I received. In essence, it's a thin film which goes over your wafer in order to create a waterproof seal that helps in not only to keep water from eroding your wafers edges, but also to keep your wafer securely attached in the event of a leak or wafer adhesive failure. It's designed to be used on just about any ostomy appliance brand or style.


text:
Fetzen Fliegen
July 17, 1967 – A Day That Will Live In Modernist Infamy
Written by John J. Arechiga
Pope Paul VI uncrowned himself. Why?
"Because that which is known of God is manifest in them. For God hath manifested it unto them." [Douay-Rheims translation, Romans 1:19]
The days of yore – traditional Catholicism – effectively ended on July 17, 1967.
Why? On that date Pope Saint Pius X's comprehensive Oath Against Modernization was replaced with a tepid Profession of Faith. Arguably, the tepid Profession of Faith reopened the modernist floodgates on July 17, 1967 – and is a day that will live in modernist infamy.
A collateral issue is whether the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's tepid Profession of Faith actually abrogated (I.e., did away with) Pius X's Motu Proprio Oath Against Modernization. This is an issue best left to canon lawyers and Cardinals…
It bears repeating that on September 8, 1907, Pope Saint Pius X did not mince words when he wrote Pascendi Dominici Gregisabout Catholic modernists:
"We allude, Venerable Brethren, to many who belong to the Catholic laity, nay, and this is far more lamentable, to the ranks of the priesthood itself, who, feigning a love for the Church, lacking the firm protection of philosophy and theology, nay more, thoroughly imbued with the poisonous doctrines taught by the enemies of the Church, and lost to all sense of modesty, vaunt themselves as reformers of the Church; and, forming more boldly into line of attack, assail all that is most sacred in the work of Christ, not sparing even the person of the Divine Redeemer, whom, with sacrilegious daring, they reduce to a simple, mere man." [Paragraph 2]
"But since the Modernists (as they are commonly and rightly called) employ a very clever artifice, namely, to present their doctrines without order and systematic arrangement into one whole, scattered and disjointed one from another, so as to appear to be in doubt and uncertainty, while they are in reality firm and steadfast, it will be of advantage, Venerable Brethren, to bring their teachings together here into one group, and to point out the connexion (sic) between them, and thus to pass to an examination of the sources of the errors, and to prescribe remedies for averting the evil." [Paragraph 4]
"To proceed in an orderly manner in this recondite subject, it must first of all be noted that every Modernist sustains and comprises within himself many personalities; he is a philosopher, a believer, a theologian, a historian, a critic, an apologist, a reformer. These roles must be clearly distinguished from one another by all who would accurately know their system and thoroughly comprehend the principles and the consequences of their doctrines." [Paragraph 5]
Three years later, on September 10, 1910, Pope St. Pius X, followed up with Sacrorum antistitum, a comprehensive Motu Proprio Oath Against Modernism, to be sworn to by all clergy, pastors, confessors, preachers, religious superiors, and professors in philosophical-theological seminaries.
Interestingly, Sacrorum antistitum is available on the Vatican website in Latin only. You have to look elsewhere for an online English translation. An English print translation of "The Oath Against the Errors of Modernism" can be found in Henry Denzinger's renowned The Sources of Catholic Dogma, 30th edition, DS (paragraphs) 2145-2147. You have to wonder whether the modernists are trying to hide this oath. The Denzinger translation is substantially as follows:
"I . . . . firmly embrace and accept each and every definition that has been set forth and declared by the unerring teaching authority of the Church, especially those principal truths which are directly opposed to the errors of this day. And first of all, I profess that God, the origin and end of all things, can be known with certainty by the natural light of reason from the created world (see Rom. 1:19), that is, from the visible works of creation, as a cause from its effects, and that, therefore, his existence can also be demonstrated: Secondly, I accept and acknowledge the external proofs of revelation, that is, divine acts and especially miracles and prophecies as the surest signs of the divine origin of the Christian religion and I hold that these same proofs are well adapted to the understanding of all eras and all men, even of this time. Thirdly, I believe with equally firm faith that the Church, the guardian and teacher of the revealed word, was personally instituted by the real and historical Christ when he lived among us, and that the Church was built upon Peter, the prince of the apostolic hierarchy, and his successors for the duration of time. Fourthly, I sincerely hold that the doctrine of faith was handed down to us from the apostles through the orthodox Fathers in exactly the same meaning and always in the same purport. Therefore, I entirely reject the heretical' misrepresentation that dogmas evolve and change from one meaning to another different from the one which the Church held previously. I also condemn every error according to which, in place of the divine deposit which has been given to the spouse of Christ to be carefully guarded by her, there is put a philosophical figment or product of a human conscience that has gradually been developed by human effort and will continue to develop indefinitely. Fifthly, I hold with certainty and sincerely confess that faith is not a blind sentiment of religion welling up from the depths of the subconscious under the impulse of the heart and the motion of a will trained to morality; but faith is a genuine assent of the intellect to truth received by hearing from an external source. By this assent, because of the authority of the supremely truthful God, we believe to be true that which has been revealed and attested to by a personal God, our creator and lord.
"Furthermore, with due reverence, I submit and adhere with my whole heart to the condemnations, declarations, and all the prescripts contained in the encyclical Pascendi and in the decree Lamentabili, especially those concerning what is known as the history of dogmas. I also reject the error of those who say that the faith held by the Church can contradict history, and that Catholic dogmas, in the sense in which they are now understood, are irreconcilable with a more realistic view of the origins of the Christian religion. I also condemn and reject the opinion of those who say that a well-educated Christian assumes a dual personality-that of a believer and at the same time of a historian, as if it were permissible for a historian to hold things that contradict the faith of the believer, or to establish premises which, provided there be no direct denial of dogmas, would lead to the conclusion that dogmas are either false or doubtful. Likewise, I reject that method of judging and interpreting Sacred Scripture which, departing from the tradition of the Church, the analogy of faith, and the norms of the Apostolic See, embraces the misrepresentations of the rationalists and with no prudence or restraint adopts textual criticism as the one and supreme norm. Furthermore, I reject the opinion of those who hold that a professor lecturing or writing on a historico-theological subject should first put aside any preconceived opinion about the supernatural origin of Catholic tradition or about the divine promise of help to preserve all revealed truth forever; and that they should then interpret the writings of each of the Fathers solely by scientific principles, excluding all sacred authority, and with the same liberty of judgment that is common in the investigation of all ordinary historical documents.
"Finally, I declare that I am completely opposed to the error of the modernists who hold that there is nothing divine in sacred tradition; or what is far worse, say that there is, but in a pantheistic sense, with the result that there would remain nothing but this plain simple fact-one to be put on a par with the ordinary facts of history-the fact, namely, that a group of men by their own labor, skill, and talent have continued through subsequent ages a school begun by Christ and his apostles. I firmly hold, then, and shall hold to my dying breath the belief of the Fathers in the charism of truth, which certainly is, was, and always will be in the succession of the episcopacy from the apostles. The purpose of this is, then, not that dogma may be tailored according to what seems better and more suited to the culture of each age; rather, that the absolute and immutable truth preached by the apostles from the beginning may never be believed to be different, may never be understood in any other way.
"I promise that I shall keep all these articles faithfully, entirely, and sincerely, and guard them inviolate, in no way deviating from them in teaching or in any way in word or in writing. Thus I promise, this I swear, so help me God. . ." [Denzinger, 30th edition, DS 2145-2147]
The first part of the comprehensive Oath Against Modernism is a strong affirmation of the principal Catholic truths opposed to Modernism: the demonstrability of God's existence by human reason, the value of miracles and prophecies as criteria of revelation, the historical institution of the Church founded by Christ, the invariable constancy of the essentials of Catholic tradition, and the reasonableness and supernaturality of the Christian faith. The second part of the oath is an expression of interior assent to the decree Lamentabili Sane Exitu and the encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis. Particular modernist errors were singled out for censure and rejection. The oath closes with a declaration by the oath taker that he or she is completely opposed to the error of the modernists.
On July 17, 1967, the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith replaced Pope Saint Pius X's comprehensive Oath Against Modernism with a tepid Profession of the Faith. The text of the tepid Profession of Faith is substantially as follows:
"I, N., believe and profess with firm faith each and every truth which is contained in the Symbol of the faith, namely:
"I believe in one God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible.
"I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, born of the Father before all ages. God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father; through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end.
"I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church. I confess one Baptism for the forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen.
"I also firmly accept and retain each and every truth regarding the doctrine of faith and morals, whether solemnly defined by the Church or asserted and declared with the ordinary Magisterium, as well as those doctrines proposed by the same Magisterium, above all those which regard the mystery of the Holy Church of Christ, the Sacraments, the Sacrifice of the Mass, as well as the Primacy of the Roman Pontiff."
Presumably, on July 17, 1967, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith acted with the permission and blessing of Pope Paul VI.
Arguably, the text of the July 17, 1967, Profession of Faith is not an oath against modernism. The halfhearted Profession of Faith does not include a declaration by the oath taker that he or she is completely opposed to the error of the modernists.
In effect the comprehensive September 10, 1910, Oath Against Modernism was replaced with a tepid Profession of Faith on July 17, 1967. In effect the tepid Profession of Faith reopened the modernist floodgates on July 17, 1967.
Arguably, replacement of the comprehensive 1910 Oath Against Modernization with the tepid 1967 Profession of Faith raises a collateral issue. Did the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's Profession of Faith abrogate (I.e., do away with) Pius X's Motu Proprio Oath Against Modernization? Can the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith abrogate a Motu Proprio papal document? This smacks of modernist obfuscation. This is an issue best left to canon lawyers and Cardinals. Moving on…
Today you have to wonder how many priests ordained after July 17, 1967, have even heard about the comprehensive 1910 Oath Against Modernization.
Today's ruckus – The modernists are here; the modernists have arrived – is not new. The difference is that today's ruckus has serious implications. The difference is that today's ruckus has discernible common threads: History may even show either that Pope Francis lost the papacy and spiritual charism by virtue of his scandalous modernist activity and scandalous papal documents or that Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio's (Pope Francis) election pursuant to Universi Dominici Gregis was invalid.
More importantly, buried in the ruckus are questions about how we got to this point. Arguably, it all started July 17, 1967, when the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith replaced the Oath against Modernism first published on September 10, 1910.
The replacement of the 1910 Sacrorum antistitum Oath against Modernism on July 17, 1967, reopened the modernist floodgate – and is a date that will live in modernist infamy…
That being said, it bears repeating: The issue is not removal of the pope, sedevacantism, schism, or the indefectibility of the Church. The primary issue is fraternal correction (Matthew 18:15-18) of scandalous Catholic modernists. To what end fraternal correction? Preferably healing and return of the prodigal sons to the Catholic Church – else excommunication.
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