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Africa Legal AidBlog
"Gbagbo and Blé Goudé Case: ICC Trial Chamber I Files the Written Reasons for the Acquittal"
Written by Africa Legal Aid (AFLA)
Published in:	Blog
To read 'Gbagbo and Blé Goudé case: ICC Trial Chambers l files the written reasons for the acquittal', please click here. …
"The ICC and Africa: Worrying Decisions to Withdraw"
Written by Evelyn Ankumah
More than ten years after the establishment of the International Criminal Court, Africa continues to dominate the work of and debates on this court. We cannot deny that the relationship between Africa and the Court has been troublesome. The recent decisions of Burundi, South Africa, and Gambia to deposit instruments of withdrawal to the UN…
"Challenging the Culture of Impunity" | AFLA Seminar and Book Launch on the ICC: One Decade On
Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Allow me at the outset to express my sincere thanks to Africa Legal Aid and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands for hosting this important seminar, and for giving me the opportunity to talk to you today about such a crucial topic: the relationship of the International Criminal Court…
"The Rome Statute and Universal Human Rights" | AFLA Seminar and Book Launch on the ICC: One Decade On
Your Excellencies, colleagues and friends, I thank Africa Legal Aid for asking me to be here and to be part of this afternoon's discourse. The issue of human rights is a discussion that needs to be held continuously. For me personally, it is exciting to discuss more than a decade of the life of the…
"When we Don't Speak the Same Language: the Challenges of Multilingual Justice at The ICC" | AFLA Seminar and Book Launch on the ICC: One Decade On
Introduction Excellencies, distinguished ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. It is a privilege to be a part of the birthing process of what can only be described as one of Evelyn's babies. It was a long process with intense labour pains, but the finished product is a testimony that hard work pays off. My contribution to…
"Active Complementarity: The South African Example"
The International Criminal Court (ICC) continues to battle with allegations that it is targeting Africa. This unfortunate perception needs to be dealt with in a direct fashion by continuously delivering the message of complementarity. The principle of complementarity is one of the founding tenents of the Rome Statute and the vision of the drafters at…
"Complementarity Beyond the ICC: The AU's Malabo Protocol"
Complementarity is one of the key principles of the Rome Statute system for international criminal justice. Complementarity expresses the conviction that the ICC is, and should be, a court of last resort. This means that the ICC only has, or should only assume, jurisdiction when national courts are unable or unwilling to take responsibility for…
"Africa and the ICC: One Decade On" | Africa and the ICC: Lessons Learned and Synergies Ahead
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Distinguished Guests and Colleagues, I join previous speakers in acknowledging and commending Africa Legal Aid for its important contribution to advancing the course of international criminal justice. My thanks go to you Evelyn and your co-hosts for your unyielding commitment to this cause, for the organisation of this conference and affording…
"Defense Perspectives" | Africa and the ICC: Lessons Learned and Synergies Ahead
Cooperation – Provisional Release This year has seen some welcome developments in cooperation in the first Memorandum of Understanding signed agreement concerning the interim release of detainees, made between the ICC and the Belgian government (10 April 2014). Belgian became the first country to indicate a willingness to accept suspects and accused on provisional release.…
"Ending Impunity for Massive Crimes: Prosecutorial Strategies" | Africa and the ICC: Lessons Learned and Synergies Ahead
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Distinguished Guests, At the outset, I wanted to thank the students in the room for being here. I'm told that you have been patiently waiting for this evening's session since early this afternoon. This demonstrates your commitment and interest in international criminal justice and our work at the ICC. I am…
"The Victim in Focus: the Experience of the Trust Fund for Victims" | Africa and the ICC: Lessons Learned and Synergies Ahead
Your Excellencies, Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends, It is my great honour and pleasure to address you at this timely event that brought us all together in Johannesburg. I am deeply grateful to the organizers of this seminar, Africa Legal Aid in cooperation with International Commission of Jurists-Kenya (ICJ-Kenya) and the Center for Internationalisation…
"Intensifying International Criminal Tribunal (ICT) Cooperation in Africa: Protection of Victims and Witnesses: The African Experience" | Africa and the ICC: Lessons Learned and Synergies Ahead
I) Introduction The protection and support of witnesses and victims before the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the Special Court of Sierra Leone have been in Africa excellent tools for ensuring fair, transparent and equitable justice to both the victims and the accused persons. Witnesses are a key component of the judicial process…
"Africa and the International Criminal Court" | Africa and the ICC: Lessons Learned and Synergies Ahead
Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I would like to start by thanking Her Excellency, Ms Intellman, President of the Assembly of States Party of the International Criminal Court, as well as the Africa Legal Aid, and in particular Ms Evelyn Ankumah, for organising this meeting and for inviting me. I would also like to address…
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Dr Mukund Rajan, 46, serves as a Member of the Group Executive Council at Tata Sons Ltd., and is the Tata Brand Custodian and Group Spokesperson. Additionally, he serves as Chief Ethics Officer of the group and oversees all Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities as Chairman of the Tata Global Sustainability Council.	Dr Rajan joined Tata through the Tata Administrative Service (TAS) in January 1995. He was assigned to the office of the then Chairman of Tata Sons, Mr Ratan Tata, in 1996, where he served for twelve years. In January 2008, Dr Rajan was appointed Managing Director of Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra). He subsequently moved to Tata Capital in 2010, where in his last role, he was the Head of Private Equity Advisory and Managing Partner of the advisory team of the Tata Opportunities Fund, a private equity fund sponsored by the company. Dr Rajan has served on the boards of various Tata companies including Tata Teleservices, Tata Communications, Roots Corporation and Piem Hotels. He was also President of the Association of Unified Access Service Providers of India, one of the principal telecom industry associations in India. He currently serves as a Non-Executive Director on the boards of Lakshmi Machine Works and Tata SIA Airlines, and is a member of the Advisory Board of the Tata Opportunities Fund. He also serves as the Co-Chair of the CII National Committee on CSR, and is a member of the National Committee on [email protected], a CII initiative. He is also a member of the National Advisory Boards of two youth networks; AIESEC India and ENACTUS. In 2007, the World Economic Forum honoured Dr Rajan as a Young Global Leader. He was also part of the inaugural class of the CII-Aspen Institute India Leadership Initiative. Dr Rajan graduated from the Bachelor of Technology program at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1989. He received a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford University, where he completed a Masters and Doctorate in International Relations. His doctoral dissertation titled "Global Environmental Politics – India and the North-South Politics of Global Environmental Issues" was published by the Oxford University Press in 1996.


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Signe Theresia Elisabet Hallström, född Löfgren 8 maj 1874 i Prästbol Värmskogs socken, död 6 juli 1964 i Högalids församling i Stockholm, var en svensk miniatyrmålare.

Hon var gift med konstnären Gunnar Hallström åren 1901–1922 samt mor till sjökaptenen [Sten G Hallström], militären Arne Hallström och konstnären Erik G Hallström, konstnären [Karl Yngve Hallström].

Hon inledde sina konststudier vid Kungliga Akademien för de fria konsterna i Stockholm 1895–1898, varefter hon studerade vid Tekniska skolan. Under en vistelse i Danmark 1919–1920 övergick hon nästan helt till att göra miniatyrmåleri på elfenben. Utöver cirka 500 miniatyrporträtt har hon även utfört sagomotiv och stadsbilder på elfenben.

Hon var även verksam som översättare och översatte bland annat Kenneth Grahames Det susar i säven (1932).

Hon finns representerad på Värmlands museum i Karlstad.

Översättningar (urval)
 Laurids Bruun: Van Zantens lyckliga tid (Hökerberg, 1921)
 Heinrich Lhotzky: Ditt barns själ (Hökerberg, 1923)
 Clara Tschudi: Bismarck och hans hustru (Hökerberg, 1926)
 David Graham Phillips: Priset hon betalade (Hökerberg, 1926)
 Temple Bailey: Valet (Hökerberg, 1929)
 Helen Thomas: Två människor (Hökerberg, 1931)
 M. Esther Harding: Vi kvinnor: en psykologisk tolkning (Hökerberg, 1934)
 Heinrich Spoerl: Hela stan talar om det! (Hökerberg, 1937)
 Lillemor von Hanno: Vi och våra vänner (Hökerberg, 1938)

Källor
 Svenskt konstnärslexikon (Allhems Förlag), del III, s. 37

Noter

Svenska målare under 1900-talet
Svenska översättare
Översättare från danska
Översättare från tyska
Översättare från engelska
Översättare från norska
Personer från Värmskogs socken
Födda 1874
Avlidna 1964
Kvinnor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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UpdateProgress Raised as the data retrieval process progresses.
CreateSummaryDataForChart Given a chart report, computes a summary that removes the detail lines from the detailed set and applies any formats to fields.
GetEmptyDataTableForReport Given a report, returns an empty DataTable representing the columns that the real DataTable for the report would have.
GetJoinsForReport Given a report, return the list of joins necessary to retrieve the data for the report.
GetJoinSQLStatementForReport Given a report, returns the "join" SQL statement for the report. Note that this returns an empty string if there is no join statement (which means that the query is not split for this report).
GetNativeSQLStatementsForReport Given a report, returns a list of the SQL statements used to retrieve the data for this report. This may be a single statement, or one for each table.
GetValuesForField Given a data dictionary field object, returns a list of distinct values in the database for that field. This method uses a valueconverter or values method if one is defined for the field. Otherwise, it does a SELECT DISTINCT against the database.
RetrieveDataForFields Given a list of data dictionary field IDs, returns a DataTable containing the data for those fields as columns.
Given a list of data dictionary field IDs, returns a DataTable containing the data for those fields as columns, up to the number of records specified for recordstoretrieve.
RetrieveDataForLinkedReport Retrieves the data for the specified subreport.
RetrieveDataForReport Given a report object, returns a DataTable representing the requested data for the report.
Retrieves the data for the specified SQL statement.
Error The text of any error that occurred.


text:
Internet Explorer 5 for Mac: twentieth anniversary
Today (Jan 5th, 2020) marks the twentieth anniversary of the introduction of Microsoft's Internet Explorer 5 Macintosh Edition (MacIE 5). This was both the most important release of Internet Explorer for the Mac and the last. It was also the first large third-party Mac application to ship for Mac OS X, and the first mainstream web browser to embrace standards compliant web content.
This anniversary is also significant for me as MacIE 5 was first product I worked on when I started working at Microsoft in summer of 1999. I was 22 years old and I was thrown into the deep end of the browser wars, the Microsoft anti-trust trial, and the love/hate relationship between Microsoft and Apple. I don't want to delve into the details of what made MacIE 5 special because my friend Tantek Çelik has already documented that on his blog. Rather I want to focus on the inside story of how and why it was developed, and some of the people and personalities that shaped it's success and eventual demise.
I've just posted a Twitter thread that goes into some details bout the events leading up to and just after the unveiling of MacIE 5 by Steve Jobs:
1/ Today marks the twentieth anniversary of the introduction of Microsoft's Internet Explorer 5 for Mac. This was both the most important release of Internet Explorer for the Mac, and the last release. Here are some anecdotes and thoughts from an insider's perspective. [thread] pic.twitter.com/TLiloQX0DU
— Jimmy Grewal (@jimmyg) January 5, 2020
I also want to share a detailed history of MacIE 5's bold UI design, dubbed "New Look" internally. This history has been compiled by Maf Vosburgh, the developer who conceived and executed the implementation of this major UI redesign:
New Look : How I set the look of Mac IE 5, possibly kickstarted Aqua (sorry), and invented translucent blurred windows, in the 1990s.
Maf Vosburgh, January 2020, California
In the summer of 1998 I moved from London to San Jose, California to write code for Mac IE 5 at Microsoft. I was supposed to go work for Apple in Cupertino, but the Apple recruiter screwed up my offer paperwork, and Microsoft snapped me up.
I should explain that my background was at a BBC spinoff called "MMC", coding Mac multimedia software for CD-ROMs like "3D Atlas" and Douglas Adams' "Last Chance to See". I was used to working with graphic designers. I'd do a rough prototype, they would do a beautiful image of how it really ought to look, and after a bit of back and forth we'd have a lovely product. MMC started off using tools like HyperCard supplemented by our custom plug-ins, but by the mid-90s we had switched to native code and never looked back.
Coming from the artist-influenced multimedia world, the visual style Microsoft had in progress for Mac IE 5 looked ancient to me. Everything was the MacOS platinum style, shades of gray like cement, with a horde of tiny 16 by 16 pixel toolbar icons (in 4-bit color with a 1 bit mask) most of which had obviously been designed by engineers in a pixel editor like ResEdit.
Meanwhile, Mac hardware of the 1998-1999 era was incredibly vivid, with first the Bondi blue iMac and then a whole palette of iMacs in translucent candy colors with white pinstriped elements. I had posters of them on my office wall. Eventually the whole Mac range had this same vivid design style, and the gray drab interface of MacOS 8, which we matched, seemed left behind. Apple's demos at the time of their future OS would (which came to be Mac OS X) also used this same gray look. We were building a state-of-the-art new HTML engine for IE 5 (Tasman) and I wanted the chrome to be as modern.
I had the idea of making our browser chrome match the actual hardware you were on. If your Mac's bezel was Bondi blue, we'd make our UI Bondi blue. That way our "frame" around the web page would match the bezel and so would be seen as part of the background and be distinct from the content. By being more vivid we would paradoxically blend into the background, and look more at home.
I put my idea to the rest of the Mac IE team, and they loved it. We had no graphic artists in our little office in San Jose and I suggested we hire a company called Nykris back in London. Nykris was a digital design company founded by two artists I'd previously worked with at MMC, Nikki Barton and Chris Prior (their first names combined to make the company name) and they had other great people on staff who I trusted, like Graham Bartram.
So somehow the Mac IE5 exec, Dick Craddock, let me, a newly hired engineer, hire a London design agency and I ended up art-directing on our side while also writing the new UI code to make it happen.
Nykris came up with a range of fascinating design sketches, but the sketches that followed the original idea of coordinating with the flavors of the new Apple hardware look, worked the best, and so we followed that path.
Gradually through Spring 1999 a design emerged that started to look like Mac IE 5 as it turned out. Shiny simple button shapes, pinstripes (a 3 pixel repeat made the pattern fine enough to not hurt readability, although it was inconvenient to code).
Mac IE lead, Steve Falkenberg, worked out how to make the system scroll bars match whatever color scheme we were using. He also worked out how to auto-detect what flavor of Mac we were on.
Program Manager, Jimmy Grewal, worked out an elegant UI for customizing toolbar layouts, which has been much imitated since.
Nykris totally redesigned how the tab strip looked and also came up with the idea of the toolbar being able to collapse INTO the tab strip down the left hand side. This gained back lots of vertical screen estate, valuable on the small screens of the day.
As Nykris sent me artwork from London, I was working out how to implement the designs in San Jose, without slowing IE down or using too much memory.
New Look was so secret that it was not in the daily Mac IE 5 builds that our QA and external beta testers were using, so everything had to be switchable on and off with a NEW_LOOK build macro and leave no trace in the regular beta builds, which continued to look like Mac IE 4.x. As I was changing a lot of UI code, keeping both builds working was tricky.
The big 24 bit icons and 8 bit masks with switchable "flavors" had to work in the same memory as the old toolbar system. The new tab code was all custom and everything had to be drawn anti-aliased (lines and text).
It rapidly came together and in Summer 1999 we demoed the secret New Look build of Mac IE5 to Steve Jobs, the first person to see it outside Nykris and a few people on the Mac IE team. Steve gave it his enthusiastic approval. Yeah!
So eventually MacWorld January 2000 came along, the venue for unveiling the Mac IE 5 beta.
Steve Jobs insisted on doing the Mac IE 5 demo himself. Tnis is where things got a little surprising. Steve first showed a new build of Mac OS X which had a new user interface called "Aqua". This looked, well, just like the Nykris design we'd been using for half a year at that point.
He then demoed IE 5 by showing an experimental Carbon port of it on Mac OS X, and said the UI look was being inherited from the operating system (it was not – Mac IE 5 looked just the same on Mac OS 8 or 9 at the time).
Oh well, that was Steve being Steve.
So did Steve see our Summer 1999 New Look demo and tell his team to create Aqua? Who knows. Our stuff was in any case inspired by Apple's hardware designs, so I can't feel too bad about it.
A side note about blurred translucent windows.
Mac IE 5 launched in March 2000 with a blurred translucent autocomplete window, the first time this blurred translucent window thing was ever done. That look is everywhere right now, so people might want to know how that came about.
In the summer of 1999 I had one last big idea. The big white autocomplete window that came up under the address bar as you typed, was bothering me. It covered a lot of the web page, and the page is the star of a web browser. It felt to me like this window was hiding the context of where you are. I wrote a version of the window that made the window translucent (not trivial on MacOS 8), but the readability of the overlayed text was bad. I tried changing the tone of the background image to make it a better background, which was an improvement but still not there. Then I had the idea of also blurring the background content. After all, the eye is used to interpreting sharp foreground objects against the blurred stuff in the background, like reading letters on a shop window. This was an effect that people were used to seeing in pre-made Photoshop artwork but not something that anyone has used realtime as a live effect.
At the time, Gaussian blur was something you'd only do in Photoshop which required a lot of memory and didn't do it very quickly. Macs did not have the kind of hardware acceleration that modern machines have, in fact most had no actual GPU.
I knew I had to write a Gaussian blur routine that took no noticeable time, used very little memory (even on a large image), and worked on any depth of content. Back then, people ran their Macs in all kinds of color depths, with 8 bit being still common.
The actual magic I came up with involved a bunch of secret programming tricks and math shortcuts and eventually I had a virtually instant blur routine that could process any pixel depth image and tonally adjust the image at the same time. In goes a picture, out comes a picture you can put black text on top of and easily read it.
I could tell once I had the right values dialed in. You could recognize the web page in the background, it felt as if you hadn't gone anywhere, but you could read the 1990s style 9 pt aliased black type layered on top with virtually no added difficulty. The blur filtered out the high-frequency information from the background and the tonal shift gave you the contrast you needed to read the text.
The Mac IE 5 release of March 27, 2000 included that blurred translucent autocomplete window, despite some management indecision about it because the look was at the time so revolutionary. Later than year I added the effect for conxtextual menus too. Of all the UI stuff I've come up with over the years, this has been the most significant in retrospect. It was a key design element of Windows Vista and now iOS and the Mac. Although they almost never get the recipe right. You need blur and toning, either lightening for black text overlay or darkening for white text, and there shouldn't be so much of either that you lose context.
Unfortunately, the Carbon port of Mac IE on Mac OS X never got the blurred translucent window code (the skeleton crew who finished the Carbon port instead used Mac OS X's built-in translucency without blur which is not the same thing at all).
I want to extend a special thanks to my friends Tantek, Maf, Dick, Kevin, and Bertrand for refreshing my memory on the events of twenty years ago. I look forward to sharing more anecdotes about the development of MacIE 5 and the relationship between Microsoft and Apple during those years.
Transition to Intel Macs – Developer's Perspective
I came across two good blog posts from Mac software developers on the complex issues involved in porting existing, large Mac applications to run natively on Intel (x86) based Macs. One is from Scott Byer who works on Photoshop at Adobe:
…That leaves doing the work for real – taking the whole application over into XCode and recompiling as a Universal Binary. And that's no small task…
Rick Schaut over at the Mac Business Unit at Microsoft writes:
…Whether we had gone through the pain of porting to XCode/GCC in some earlier release of our products, we'd have still had to go through this pain. The time spent doing this work then would have to have come from the features that we were, instead, adding to our programs. Arguing that we should have, somehow, absorbed this pain earlier really has little bearing on the nature and extent of the pain…
Microsoft Office 2007 revealed
Congratulations to Microsoft Office team for finally biting the bullet and building a completely new UI shell for Microsoft Office 2007 (Windows). Unless you worked on Office it's very difficult to understand just what a major project this must have been and the amount of momentum that was needed to push these changes through both technically and politically.
Jensen Harris has a great blog which has documented the process of designing a new UI for Office on his blog and has posted a screenshot gallery of the recently unveiled final look for this product. I got to know Jensen when I worked at Microsoft as he was one of the people responsible for the Mac Outlook (Exchange) client. With limited resources they managed to create a very successful product which made it possible for Macs to be used on corporate networks where full Exchange support was critical. It was clear then that they were a very dedicated team and extremely focused on doing their best to satisfy their customers.
I'm curious now to see what the MacBU decides to do with Office 12 for Mac OS X. First, they have the burden of moving from CodeWarrior to Xcode which is non-trivial, then they have to handle the PowerPC to x86 transition, and finally they will need to implement the necessary changes to support Mac OS X v10.5 (Leopard). After all of this, they will then need to support the new Office 2007 file formats and consider what UI changes are necessary. My guess is that this effort is at least as difficult as the transition to Mac OS X from the Classic Mac OS, which was a massive engineering effort.
Dennis.live.com
I'm having deja-vu back to the early .Net days when every Microsoft product team tried to hitch themselves on the bandwagon. I'm surprised that Microsoft didn't release an Optical Trackball.NET.
Today, every consumer-facing and service team in the company seems to be trying to deliver a live.com service. So far, all the ones I've seen are very compelling…but in typical fashion they have totally horrendous names which are too long, not easy to remember, and not friendly. Dennis has been working on the recently released beta of Windows Live Toolbar Beta which offers seamless integration between your browser search toolbar and your live.com homepage. Internet Explorer (Windows) users should definitely check out this cool product.
You can learn more about all the Microsoft Live.com service at https://ideas.live.com/. Warning to Mac users, the services work ok in Mozilla-based browsers like Camino and FireFox, but not in Safari (yet?).
Good SPAM solution for Outlook Express?
My aunt uses Outlook Express and her e-mail account gets tons of SPAM. Can anyone recommend a good WinXP client-side anti-SPAM software that supports Outlook Express? Commercial/freeware/shareware is fine…I just have no idea how to decide what the best options are.
Microsoft announces new Mac keyboard & mouse
Microsoft announced a new wireless keyboard and laser mouse designed especially for Mac users. This is their first Mac specific keyboard & mouse, though most of the previous ones they have sold were compatible. As soon as I can I will order one because it looks pretty cool and has both Command (Open-Apple for those of us old-time Apple users) and Option keys. More info at MicrosoftWatch.com.
Yes, I already ordered one. :)
I'm a Mac Geek for life, and I've already placed my order online. What exactly did I get? Read on…
Apple Introduces MacBook Pro
MacBook Pro with Intel Core Duo Processor Up to Four Times Faster Than PowerBook G4
MACWORLD EXPO, SAN FRANCISCO—January 10, 2006—Apple® today unveiled its new MacBook™ Pro notebook computer featuring the new Intel® Core™ Duo processor which delivers up to four times the performance of the PowerBook® G4. The new MacBook Pro, the first Mac notebook based on an Intel processor, features a stunning aluminum enclosure just one inch thin, weighs only 5.6 pounds, includes a built-in iSight™ video camera for video conferencing on-the-go, and the Apple Remote and Front Row™ software for a simple, intuitive and powerful way for users to enjoy their content wherever they go. The new MacBook Pro, available in February, also features Apple's new patent-pending MagSafe™ magnetic power connector, designed especially for mobile users…
Though I really wish Apple had launched an ultra-portable Mac laptop (less than 3lbs, .75 inches thick), this machine will be a big improvement over my original 17″ PowerBook G4. In fact, it's performance will be better than the super noisy PowerMac G5 I have at home which will now be for sale along with my PowerBook. I can't wait to run
End of an era: Mac Internet Explorer
The last few months have been a time of major change for me, with many things coming to an end and a few new beginnings…not enough maybe. It's time to add one more to the list, and this blurb on the Microsoft website says it all:
IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER FOR MAC USERS
In June 2003, the Microsoft Macintosh Business Unit announced that Internet Explorer for Mac would undergo no further development, and support would cease in 2005. In accordance with published support lifecycle policies, Microsoft will end support for Internet Explorer for Mac on December 31st, 2005, and will provide no further security or performance updates.
Additionally, as of January 31st, 2006, Internet Explorer for the Mac will no longer be available for download from Mactopia. It is recommended that Macintosh users migrate to more recent web browsing technologies such as Apple's Safari.
There was a News.com (CNET) article on this topic back in 2003 when I left Microsoft.
Four years of my life were dedicated to this product and others based on it. Those four years in the Macintosh Business Unit at Microsoft were incredible, and I learned many important lessons and made some great lifelong friends. The most remarkable thing about those four years was that I was able to fulfill a childhood dream…and get paid lots of money for it! My first real computer was an Apple II+ and I have been hooked on Apple's products since I was six years old. To work in the largest Mac software development team in the world, live 15 minutes away from Cupertino, and become friends with many of the people who were instrumental in making the Macintosh successful was a dream come true.
Along the way, I gained an appreciation for Microsoft which not enough people have. It's a truly remarkable company that treats its employees well, develops some incredible technology, and deserves all the success it has. As with any large collection of people, Microsoft has made mistakes along the way, but that does not diminish the impact it has had on billions of people's lives and the way it has helped technology progress. I'm sure people will post some comments telling me how evil Microsoft is and that's fine. They are wrong, but still entitled to their opinion. I am a hardcore Mac user and reformed Microsoft-hater so no one is going to be able to change my opinion since its based on first hand experience.
This announcement has sparked some debate on Slashdot, which was inevitable. Omar pointed me to a comment to this by our former co-worker Jorg Brown, who now works for Google, which I'll quote below:
MacIE had one of the strangest and saddest histories I've seen, of any product.
MacIE 5 was an awesome release, critically aclaimed and everything, with a good development team and a strong testing team, that included daily performance measurement.
And yet, almost immediately after 5.0 was released, the MacIE team was redeployed to work on a set-top DVR box. The notion at the time was that the team would continue to do MacIE work in their spare time, since IE 5 was the leader among Mac browsers and no longer needed a full-time team.
The problem with that notion was that WebTV, the team's new bosses, had no reason to actually schedule any time for real IE work. So later, when that particular set-top box got cancelled, the IE team got redployed for other WebTV work, and since this was now out of MacBU's control, nothing could really be done.
3 or 4 years went by before enough people in the Mac division wanted to resume work on IE, and when it looked like we might actually need the technology, as a base for MSN-for-Mac, the IE 6 team was formed. It got a firm OS X-only foundation, a new even more complient browser base, and then suddenly it became apparent that Apple was doing their own browser, because, well, there were lots of small clues, but the big clues was that Apple had started calling the old Mac IE team offering them jobs.
By that time the Mac division had formally committed to MSN-for-Mac-OSX, so it's not like we were completely going to stop work. But a meeting was held internally, the outcome of which was that it didn't make sense to build our own browser if Apple was going to bundle one, because the marketshare and mindshare of the distant-second-place browser, on the distant-second-place platform, wasn't worth pursuing. A week later we had a meeting with high-up people at Apple, where they told us they were doing a browser. And the week after that, after confirming it with Bill Gates, who was reportedly sad but understanding of the decision, MacIE was officially shut down.
MSN-for-MacOSX went ahead, and was also critically acclaimed, but once released, indications were that the number of users was about the same as the number of developers. After that, MacBU concentrated once again on the next Office release, and MacIE has been well and truly and permanently dead ever since.
Over the whole sad journey, the single most surprising thing I ever discovered was from a small conversation that went:
Me: "Look, if it makes sense to devote dozens of people to WinIE, then surely it makes sense to devote half a dozen to MacIE!"
Higher-up: <confused look> "There aren't dozens of people on WinIE. WinIE had some great people on it! We need those great people on products that make money!"
Me: "Then why on earth did we pursue IE in the first place? Just so that the DOJ would sue us?"
Higher-up: <confused look>
Some day I hope to get a proper answer on our motivation to do WinIE and MacIE in the first place. It seems to be that we were scared of not having control of the HTML standard. And indeed, now that Firefox is gaining traction, Microsoft has added more people to WinIE again.
Epilogue: All of this made it a lot more easy for me to quit and go work at Google
Reminder: I may or may not be leaving some parts out for NDA reasons.
A lot of what he says is true; but the story is more complex than this and there were many other factors that came into play. Issues which he doesn't cover…primarily because he wasn't working on the product much until the last few months of development:
– Mac IE was the first real browser running on Mac OS X. We had it running on Developer Preview 2 and it shipped on the Public Beta CD-ROM. That was a great engineering achievement but it came at a very high price. Developing for OS X in those early days was a nightmare and we spent so much time struggling with OS bugs and changing APIs that precious time that could have been used to improve the product was wasted just trying to maintain compatibility with each new beta release of OS X.
– Apple was a pain in the ass sometimes. For a company with such great PR, they really were very unprofessional and treated developers poorly. I know that the OS X transition was tough, but there are so many stories I could tell of stupidity at Apple and policies which made no sense…but I won't. I'll just say that Apple had a lot more involvement in the development of Mac IE and it's eventual end than Jorg gives them credit for. There were times during the last two years of working at Microsoft that I really hated Apple's management…which was very difficult for me being such a loyal fan of their products and having so many friends who worked there.
– No clear direction from our management was the last major factor which Jorg touched upon but is important to mention again. Towards the end, we had some major changes in management at the MacBU and the new team was inexperienced both with the products they were managing and how to deal with Apple. They were further handicapped by lack of clear direction by our execs who were too busy worrying about AOL, the DOJ, and our stock price.
Anyway, enough about the history. Mac IE is dead, and it's up to Apple and the Mozilla team to continue to innovate for us Mac users. Sadly, there are still many very useful features in Mac IE that neither company has replicated in their browsers and there are still too many sites which don't look right in Safari. I remember calling up CNN and ESPN and getting them to fix problems in their websites…it worked and I hope Apple has a group of people doing the same thing.
Since Microsoft will no longer be offering Mac IE 5 for download on their website, I'm going to provide a community service by linking to it here. It has not been totally replaced and at least I need a place to be able to download it from for my own personal use…but you'll have to know what to click on to download it.
If you ever want to know who the people behind Mac IE 5 were, just type "about:tasman" in the address bar of Mac IE and you'll get a list of the people who put their heart and soul into making it such a remarkable and successful product.
EDIT: Link removed at Microsoft's request.
Xbox 360 backwards compatibility list posted
Mike found a list of original Xbox games which are playable on the Xbox 360:
https://www.xbox.com/en-US/games/backwardcompatibilitygameslist.htm
Halo & Halo 2: Even better on Xbox 360
Dennis linked to this news item on Bungie.net about compatibility between Halo and Xbox 360 and I think it goes a long way to make buyers of the new game console really excited.
First things first: Thank you for supporting Bungie, Halo and Halo 2. You guys rock, and we love you. It's the anniversary of Halo 2, the game that launched on November 9th, 2004 and forever changed the way we curse.
A year after Halo 2 arrived in stores, and almost four years since the original Halo, it seems only logical that we should make them prettier right? Although that prettiness has a relatively high entry point – the arrival of a new generation of hardware in the shape of the Xbox 360.
A while back, Microsoft announced that the 360 would have some level of backward compatibility. A handy feature for folks with big Xbox collections moving into the future. We worked closely with that team to ensure that Halo and Halo 2 both performed according to plan. That meant a lot of work for our test team.
To clarify, the "new" version of Halo or Halo 2 is simply the disk you have already. Pop it into your 360 and it'll load up just like before. You will have to log into Xbox Live to enable Halo 2's online functions, but both games will work immediately.
But here's another bonus – the hardware in the 360 can do a lot of nifty stuff, and specifically in the cases of Halo and Halo 2, it can display the graphics in wide screen, at 720p, with full scene anti-aliasing. And it doesn't look kludgy, artifacty or smeary like an upscanning DVD player. The best way to describe it is that both games look like they're running on a PC at those resolutions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Humorists ap english essay help
The meaning of home to the slave in the literary works the narrative of the life of frederick dougla
Concussion and player
Home time homework help Documented essay capital punishment
Documented essay capital punishment
Death Penalty Persuasive Essay This assignment instructed students to write a persuasive essay which argues for a specific viewpoint or a specific action to be taken on a societal issue. I argued for a specific stance to be taken on the issue of the death penalty.
History Anarchist Auguste Vaillant guillotined in France in Execution of criminals has been used by nearly all societies since the beginning of civilizations on Earth. The use of formal execution extends to the beginning of recorded history. Most historical records and various primitive tribal practices indicate that the death penalty was a part of their justice system.
Communal punishment for wrongdoing generally included compensation by the wrongdoer, corporal punishmentshunningbanishment and execution. Usually, compensation and shunning were enough as a form of justice.
A blood feud or vendetta occurs when arbitration between families or tribes fails or an arbitration Documented essay capital punishment is non-existent. This form of justice was common before the emergence of an arbitration system based on state or organized religion.
It may result from crime, land disputes or a code of honour. In most countries that practise capital punishment it is now reserved for murderterrorismwar crimesespionagetreasonor as part of military justice. In some countries sexual crimes, such as rapefornicationadulteryincest and sodomycarry the death penalty, as do religious crimes such as Hudud and Qisas crimes, such as apostasy formal renunciation of the state religionblasphemymoharebehhirabahFasadMofsed-e-filarz and witchcraft.
In many countries that use the death penaltydrug trafficking is also a capital offence. In Chinahuman trafficking and serious cases of corruption and financial crimes are punished by the death penalty. In militaries around the world courts-martial have imposed death sentences for offences such as cowardicedesertioninsubordinationand mutiny.
Elaborations of tribal arbitration of feuds included peace settlements often done in a religious context and compensation system.
Compensation was based on the principle of substitution which might include material for example, cattle, slave compensation, exchange of brides or grooms, or payment of the blood debt.
Settlement rules could allow for animal blood to replace human blood, or transfers of property or blood money or in some case an offer of a person for execution. The person offered for execution did not have to be an original perpetrator of the crime because the system was based on tribes, not individuals.
Blood feuds could be regulated at meetings, such as the Norsemen things. One of the more modern refinements of the blood feud is the duel. In certain parts of the world, nations in the form of ancient republics, monarchies or tribal oligarchies emerged. These nations were often united by common linguistic, religious or family ties.
Moreover, expansion of these nations often occurred by conquest of neighbouring tribes or nations. Consequently, various classes of royalty, nobility, various commoners and slave emerged. Accordingly, the systems of tribal arbitration were submerged into a more unified system of justice which formalized the relation between the different "classes" rather than "tribes".
The Torah Jewish Lawalso known as the Pentateuch the first five books of the Christian Old Testamentlays down the death penalty for murder, kidnappingmagicviolation of the Sabbathblasphemyand a wide range of sexual crimes, although evidence suggests that actual executions were rare.
The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offences. When abolishing the death penalty Xuanzong ordered his officials to refer to the nearest regulation by analogy when sentencing those found guilty of crimes for which the prescribed punishment was execution.
Thus depending on the severity of the crime a punishment of severe scourging with the thick rod or of exile to the remote Lingnan region might take the place of capital punishment. However, the death penalty was restored only 12 years later in in response to the An Lushan Rebellion.
Under Xuanzong capital punishment was relatively infrequent, with only 24 executions in the year and 58 executions in the year Decapitation was the method of execution prescribed for more serious crimes such as treason and sedition. Some further forms of capital punishment were practised in the Tang dynasty, of which the first two that follow at least were extralegal.
The second was truncation, in which the convicted person was cut in two at the waist with a fodder knife and then left to bleed to death. When a minister of the fifth grade or above received a death sentence the emperor might grant him a special dispensation allowing him to commit suicide in lieu of execution.
Even when this privilege was not granted, the law required that the condemned minister be provided with food and ale by his keepers and transported to the execution ground in a cart rather than having to walk there.
Nearly all executions under the Tang dynasty took place in public as a warning to the population. The heads of the executed were displayed on poles or spears.Argumentative Essay on Capital Punishment. Although People think Capital punishment is against human's rights for life and it is cruel to not give the criminals another chance, I think capital punishment is still an effective way to deter violent criminals.
This assignment instructed students to write a persuasive essay which argues for a specific viewpoint or a specific action to be taken on a societal issue.
I argued for a specific stance to be taken on the issue of the death penalty. The audience for this essay is the opinion section of the. Capital punishment occurs when a person suffers the death sentence by the state as a punishment for a crime. These violations are also known as capital crime too.
Today many countries and societies are follows capital punishment as a solution to protect crime.
Arguments for and against capital punishment essays. Arguments for and against capital punishment essays.
Essay: Arguments against the Death Penalty - SchoolWorkHelper
meaning discursive essay conclusion evaluation argumentative essay essay on park in kannada better word for documented essay changez khan as warrior short essay hidden intellectualism summary essay on america joshua foer feats of memory. Documented essay capital punishment.
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Argumentative Essay About Death Penalty. Death Penalty Essay. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. The judicial decree that someone be punished in this manner is a death sentence, while the actual process of killing the person is an .
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Death Penalty Persuasive Essay | Shannon Rafferty E-Portfolio


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Q: How to scrollTo on page load on desktop and mobile safari Right now I have this code which works fine on Chrome.

// scroll on page load
scrollWindowToElement(document.querySelector('.something'))

/**
 * Scroll to specific element.
 */

function scrollWindowToElement(el) {
  let pos = getTop(el)
  window.scrollTo(0, pos)
  document.body.scrollTo(0, pos)
}

/**
 * Get top position of an element.
 */

function getTop(el) {
  let top = 0
  while (el && !isNaN(el.offsetTop)) {
    top += el.offsetTop - el.scrollTop
    el = el.offsetParent
  }
  return top
}

hello

world

foo

The question is why this isn't working on Safari (desktop or mobile) and potentially other browsers, and how to get it working (without jQuery, i.e. with vanilla JavaScript) in all modern browsers.
As a tangential note, the element and document.body can both be with opacity: 0 if that matters, but they are not display: none, so in Chrome at least this works fine.
Do I need to be doing something like this?

A: There are a few problems with your code.
First, you should use load event, either by setting window.onload or by adding an event listener as shown below:
    // scroll on page load
    window.addEventListener('load', function() {
        scrollWindowToElement(document.querySelector('.something'));
    });

Second, your scrolling function should only need to use window.scrollTo
   /**
   * Scroll to specific element.
   */
   function scrollWindowToElement(el) {
      let pos = getTop(el);
      window.scrollTo(0, pos);
   }

Third, your getTop implementation may not give you the correct position. The simplest way:
   /**
    * Get top position of an element.
    */
   function getTop(el) {
      return window.scrollY + el.getBoundingClientRect().top;
   }

Take note also that this code would only serve to change the scroll position on page load.
For page refreshes, many browsers tend to remember the old scroll position and restore (by force-changing) it after window load. So if you want to overwrite the page refresh restore scroll behavior, you have to use delay your scrollWindowToElement call within your load event listener. Test some sensible values for setTimeout. A delay of 100ms or so should work well for most cases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Watercress Way receives huge funding boost from Alresford Rotary
A significant financial legacy gifted to Alresford Rotary by Bridget Newitt of Alresford on her death in 2017 has resulted in the Watercress Way* receiving its largest ever single donation of £4,500. Mike Newitt, Bridget's husband, who sadly predeceased her in 1996, was a founder member of Alresford Rotary and the couple were closely associated with the club for many years. Alresford Rotary decided to use the Newitt legacy for specific projects in the local area which are in keeping with the Newitt's interests in wildlife and the local environment and community.
Rotarians President Stephen Pinch, Paul Watters and Founder member Richard Hawkins from Alresford presented the cheque to Watercress Way Trustees Mike Collis, Malcolm Prince, Kim Adams and Chairman Jackie Porter at the Itchen Abbas section of the route on Monday the 12 August. Immediate Past President of Alresford Rotary, Paul Watters said "we felt it essential to use this very generous legacy wisely and in memory of two people who were an integral part of supporting Alresford life and our club. The Watercress Way is a perfect fit with the Newitts who loved nature, birds and walks – the donation from the legacy will fund 10 substantial wooden benches along the route and 10 information points".
Jackie Porter, Chair of Watercress Way Trustees said "'this is the biggest grant we have received to date. We want to provide Access to All and this gift will enable us to install ten more seats along the 26 mile route. The funding will also provide listening posts so walkers can identify birdsong, and hear oral histories. We'd like to say a huge thank you to Alresford Rotary for making this grant. It will help a lot more people enjoy The Watercress Way and understand the creatures that live along it. The Watercress Way trustees host a Dawn Chorus walk every year, and are looking forward to helping more walkers to identify the local birdsong. We'll remember the Newitts as we start our walk each year".
*The Watercress Way project (a registered charity) aims to create a 26 mile circular trail along old railway lines (for example, The Watercress Line between Alresford and Kings Worthy) and droves to the east and north of Winchester. The route will include sections accessible to all including those less mobile, on pedal cycles and horseback. Sections at Itchen Abbas, Kings Worthy and Sutton Scotney are already opened. The Watercress Way is waymarked for walkers and more information can be found at: www.thewatercressway.org.uk


text:
Amador Valley Girls Who Code Program Receives Statewide Recognition with 2021 Golden Bell Award
Congratulations to Amador Valley High School's Girls Who Code (GWC) program for receiving statewide distinction as a 2021 California School Board Association (CSBA) Golden Bell Award recipient in the area of Equity and Access. The Golden Bell Awards, celebrating their 42nd year, are presented by the California School Boards Association to promote excellence in public education and school board governance by recognizing outstanding programs and governance practices. The awards reflect the depth and breadth of education programs and governance decisions supporting these programs that are necessary to address students' needs. Amador GWC received its award at a reception and ceremony on December 2, 2021.
Amador Valley High School's Computer Science Department is led by Richard Hanson and Kevin Kiyoi. Mr. Kiyoi approached Mr. Hanson about taking the helm of the Girls Who Code Club in 2016 and the program has grown exponentially since. Part of a national organization whose "mission is to close the gender gap in technology and to change the image of what a programmer looks like and does," Amador's Girls who Code students and advisors have been inspiring more young women in grades 3 - 8 to pursue careers in computer science and STEM since August 2016. Amador Valley's Girls Who Code program has expanded beyond this mission statement to offer career education, mentoring events, and volunteer opportunities to AVHS students.
Students in grades 3 - 8 who participate in Girls Who Code at Amador Valley are taught by the budding female leaders themselves. The Amador Girls Who Code have each completed higher-level computer science courses and teach less experienced members of the club how to succeed in coding. This creates a safe and supportive learning environment where girls can feel empowered and gain confidence in a non-threatening setting. Although the Girls Who Code program does an excellent job of supporting girls once they get to high school, most girls lose interest in computer science by the age of 13. To address the loss in the number of girls seeking careers in programming, the Amador Valley Girls Who Code Summit was created.
"I knew I was interested in coding early on because my dad was a software engineer. I created motion sensors with my dad using coding that turned on sprinklers whenever dogs or other unwanted animals walk onto the lawn," remembered Amador Senior and Girls Who Code President Anusha Maheshwari. "When I was a Freshman [at Amador] I couldn't believe there weren't more girls who are interested in computer science, which helped lead me to Mr. Kiyoi and the Girls Who Code club. This program has supported the school in raising female enrollment in computer science and STEM courses."
In March 2020, the Amador student chapter of Girls Who Code held its first annual one-day Girls Who Code Summit. The intent of the Summit was to introduce girls to aspects of problem solving, application design, and software development in an inclusive team scenario. Over 90 Pleasanton elementary and middle school girls (grades 3 - 8) participated in this inaugural event. Participants were partnered with high school student mentors and female industry professionals to learn the "Art of Coding." The day began with a keynote address from Dr. Crystal Bray, the Director of Rider Engagement and Product Analytics at Uber, who spoke about the necessity of recruiting more women into careers in programming. Participants were broken into teams of two or three based on their grade level and assigned a high school mentor and a volunteer industry professional (female programmers, software engineers, and database analysts) to help guide their journey for the day.
The programming platform for the Summit was Android App Inventor. High School Mentors taught the students how to build apps, using paired programming practices and principles. Students were able to test their projects on an Android Tablet in order to problem-solve design and coding flaws. The capstone project for the event was to determine a social issue that needed to be addressed and then to design, develop, and create an app that addressed this social need. Examples of projects included apps that could help someone find a local shelter for adopting a rescue animal and informative quizzes that taught the user facts about global warming.
In the Spring of 2021, the second Girls Who Code Summit reached new heights. Faced with the restrictions of social distancing and COVID, it was not possible to present the summit in person. With the support of the Pleasanton Unified School District we were given the tools and support to be able to host a virtual event via Zoom and Zoom Webinar. This summit hosted over 130 girls, not only from Pleasanton, but from the San Jose and Tri-Valley communities, as well as students from the East Coast. The keynote speaker for this event was Chloe Condon, a Bay Area based Cloud Advocate for Microsoft, who inspired the group by talking about taking non-traditional routes to find a career in coding. Using Zoom and Repl.it (a web-based Integrated Development Environment), students and mentors worked in groups to learn how to build web pages using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Using breakout rooms and again working in teams of two or three, the capstone project for this summit was the creation of a web page that highlighted and supported one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals developed by the United Nations. Outstanding examples for this summit addressed statistics of childhood hunger, the need for clean water and sanitation, and the need for equity in education.
A pillar of the Pleasanton Unified School District's Vision Statement is that "All students, regardless of race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, or gender will be proficient/advanced and college/career ready upon graduation." For the 2019 and 2020 academic years, Amador Valley has earned the College Board AP Computer Science Female Diversity Award for expanding young women's access to AP Computer Science Principles (CSP). Schools receiving this Female Diversity Award have achieved either 50% or higher female exam taker representation in an AP computer science course, or a percentage of female computer science exam takers that meets or exceeds that of the school's female population. Despite this success, only 27% of the students currently enrolled in computer science courses at Amador are female. The Girls Who Code Summit addresses this inequity and creates a long-term solution to change this statistic.
As shown by the successful completion of both a live and virtual event over the past two years, the Girls Who Code Summit is a sustainable project, fueled by the passion of students to increase the number of women in the computer science industry. All of the programming software is open source and the equipment used (Android tablets, Zoom Webinar License) was provided by the District. By creatively finding new and innovative ways to teach programming through different coding languages and environments, students will be able to attend a new summit where they will learn different skills, up to six different times (grades 3 - 8) over the years.
Mr. Kiyoi remains humble yet an enormous presence for Amador computer science students and Girls Who Code club members. "We believe the Summit is a very unique project that can be easily blueprinted and replicated across the Country. We're moving in the right direction, but we can do better," said Kiyoi.
"We will do better!" Anusha responded.


text:
AB-725 General plans: housing element: above moderate-income housing: suburban and metropolitan jurisdictions.(2019-2020)
Introduced by Assembly Member Wicks
(Coauthors: Senators Skinner and Wiener)
An act to amend Section 65583.2 of the Government Code, relating to land use.
AB 725, as amended, Wicks. General plans: housing element: above moderate-income housing. housing: suburban and metropolitan jurisdictions.
The Planning and Zoning Law requires a city or county to adopt a general plan for its jurisdiction that contains certain mandatory elements, including a housing element. That law requires that the housing element include, among other things, an inventory of land suitable for residential development, to be used to identify sites that can be developed for housing within the planning period and that are sufficient to provide for the jurisdiction's share of the regional housing need determined pursuant to specified law.
This bill would prohibit more than 20% of a suburban or metropolitan jurisdiction's share of the regional housing need for above moderate-income housing from being allocated to sites with zoning restricted to single-family development. The bill would exclude unincorporated areas from this prohibition and would include related legislative findings. By imposing additional requirements on the manner in which a city or county may satisfy its regional housing need, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program.
It is the intent of the Legislature, in enacting this measure, to do both of the following:
(a) Encourage multifamily and infill development, while still allowing single family home development.
(b) Increase housing production and contribute to overall housing stock.
SECTION 1.SEC. 2.
Section 65583.2 of the Government Code, as amended by Section 3 of Chapter 958 of the Statutes of 2018, is amended to read:
(a) A city's or county's inventory of land suitable for residential development pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 65583 shall be used to identify sites throughout the community, consistent with paragraph (9) of subdivision (c) of Section 65583, that can be developed for housing within the planning period and that are sufficient to provide for the jurisdiction's share of the regional housing need for all income levels pursuant to Section 65584. As used in this section, "land suitable for residential development" includes all of the sites that meet the standards set forth in subdivisions (c) and (g):
(1) Vacant sites zoned for residential use.
(2) Vacant sites zoned for nonresidential use that allows residential development.
(3) Residentially zoned sites that are capable of being developed at a higher density, including the airspace above sites owned or leased by a city, county, or city and county.
(4) Sites zoned for nonresidential use that can be redeveloped for residential use, and for which the housing element includes a program to rezone the site, as necessary, rezoned for, to permit residential use, including sites owned or leased by a city, county, or city and county.
(b) The inventory of land shall include all of the following:
(1) A listing of properties by assessor parcel number.
(2) The size of each property listed pursuant to paragraph (1), and the general plan designation and zoning of each property.
(3) For nonvacant sites, a description of the existing use of each property.
(4) A general description of any environmental constraints to the development of housing within the jurisdiction, the documentation for which has been made available to the jurisdiction. This information need not be identified on a site-specific basis.
(5) (A) A description of existing or planned water, sewer, and other dry utilities supply, including the availability and access to distribution facilities.
(B) Parcels included in the inventory must have sufficient water, sewer, and dry utilities supply available and accessible to support housing development or be included in an existing general plan program or other mandatory program or plan, including a program or plan of a public or private entity providing water or sewer service, to secure sufficient water, sewer, and dry utilities supply to support housing development. This paragraph does not impose any additional duty on the city or county to construct, finance, or otherwise provide water, sewer, or dry utilities to parcels included in the inventory.
(6) Sites identified as available for housing for above moderate-income households in areas not served by public sewer systems. This information need not be identified on a site-specific basis.
(7) A map that shows the location of the sites included in the inventory, such as the land use map from the jurisdiction's general plan, for reference purposes only.
(c) Based on the information provided in subdivision (b), a city or county shall determine whether each site in the inventory can accommodate the development of some portion of its share of the regional housing need by income level during the planning period, as determined pursuant to Section 65584. The inventory shall specify for each site the number of units that can realistically be accommodated on that site and whether the site is adequate to accommodate lower-income housing, moderate-income housing, or above moderate-income housing. A nonvacant site identified pursuant to paragraph (3) or (4) of subdivision (a) in a prior housing element and a vacant site that has been included in two or more consecutive planning periods that was not approved to develop a portion of the locality's housing need shall not be deemed adequate to accommodate a portion of the housing need for lower income households that must be accommodated in the current housing element planning period unless the site is zoned at residential densities consistent with paragraph (3) of this subdivision and the site is subject to a program in the housing element requiring rezoning within three years of the beginning of the planning period to allow residential use by right for housing developments in which at least 20 percent of the units are affordable to lower income households. A city that is an unincorporated area in a nonmetropolitan county pursuant to clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) shall not be subject to the requirements of this subdivision to allow residential use by right. The analysis shall determine whether the inventory can provide for a variety of types of housing, including multifamily rental housing, factory-built housing, mobilehomes, housing for agricultural employees, supportive housing, single-room occupancy units, emergency shelters, and transitional housing. The city or county shall determine the number of housing units that can be accommodated on each site as follows:
(1) If local law or regulations require the development of a site at a minimum density, the department shall accept the planning agency's calculation of the total housing unit capacity on that site based on the established minimum density. If the city or county does not adopt a law or regulation requiring the development of a site at a minimum density, then it shall demonstrate how the number of units determined for that site pursuant to this subdivision will be accommodated.
(2) The number of units calculated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be adjusted as necessary, based on the land use controls and site improvements requirement identified in paragraph (5) of subdivision (a) of Section 65583, the realistic development capacity for the site, typical densities of existing or approved residential developments at a similar affordability level in that jurisdiction, and on the current or planned availability and accessibility of sufficient water, sewer, and dry utilities.
(A) A site smaller than half an acre shall not be deemed adequate to accommodate lower income housing need unless the locality can demonstrate that sites of equivalent size were successfully developed during the prior planning period for an equivalent number of lower income housing units as projected for the site or unless the locality provides other evidence to the department that the site is adequate to accommodate lower income housing.
(B) A site larger than 10 acres shall not be deemed adequate to accommodate lower income housing need unless the locality can demonstrate that sites of equivalent size were successfully developed during the prior planning period for an equivalent number of lower income housing units as projected for the site or unless the locality provides other evidence to the department that the site can be developed as lower income housing. For purposes of this subparagraph, "site" means that portion of a parcel or parcels designated to accommodate lower income housing needs pursuant to this subdivision.
(C) A site may be presumed to be realistic for development to accommodate lower income housing need if, at the time of the adoption of the housing element, a development affordable to lower income households has been proposed and approved for development on the site.
(3) For the number of units calculated to accommodate its share of the regional housing need for lower income households pursuant to paragraph (2), a city or county shall do either of the following:
(A) Provide an analysis demonstrating how the adopted densities accommodate this need. The analysis shall include, but is not limited to, factors such as market demand, financial feasibility, or information based on development project experience within a zone or zones that provide housing for lower income households.
(B) The following densities shall be deemed appropriate to accommodate housing for lower income households:
(i) For an incorporated city within a nonmetropolitan county and for a nonmetropolitan county that has a micropolitan area: sites allowing at least 15 units per acre.
(ii) For an unincorporated area in a nonmetropolitan county not included in clause (i): sites allowing at least 10 units per acre.
(iii) For a suburban jurisdiction: sites allowing at least 20 units per acre.
(iv) For a jurisdiction in a metropolitan county: sites allowing at least 30 units per acre.
(4) No For a suburban or metropolitan jurisdiction, no more than 20 percent of the jurisdiction's share of the regional housing need for above moderate-income housing shall be allocated to sites with zoning restricted to single-family development. This paragraph does not apply to an unincorporated area, regardless of whether it is located within a suburban or metropolitan jurisdiction.
(d) For purposes of this section, a metropolitan county, nonmetropolitan county, and nonmetropolitan county with a micropolitan area shall be as determined by the United States Census Bureau. A nonmetropolitan county with a micropolitan area includes the following counties: Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino, Nevada, Tehama, and Tuolumne and other counties as may be determined by the United States Census Bureau to be nonmetropolitan counties with micropolitan areas in the future.
(e) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a jurisdiction shall be considered suburban if the jurisdiction does not meet the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) and is located in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) of less than 2,000,000 in population, unless that jurisdiction's population is greater than 100,000, in which case it shall be considered metropolitan. A county, not including the City and County of San Francisco, shall be considered suburban unless the county is in an MSA of 2,000,000 or greater in population in which case the county shall be considered metropolitan.
(2) (A) (i) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if a county that is in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont California MSA has a population of less than 400,000, that county shall be considered suburban. If this county includes an incorporated city that has a population of less than 100,000, this city shall also be considered suburban. This paragraph shall apply to a housing element revision cycle, as described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (e) of Section 65588, that is in effect from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2028, inclusive.
(ii) A county subject to this subparagraph shall utilize the sum existing in the county's housing trust fund as of June 30, 2013, for the development and preservation of housing affordable to low- and very low income households.
(B) A jurisdiction that is classified as suburban pursuant to this paragraph shall report to the Assembly Committee on Housing and Community Development, the Senate Committee on Transportation and Housing, and the Department of Housing and Community Development regarding its progress in developing low- and very low income housing consistent with the requirements of Section 65400. The report shall be provided three times: once, on or before December 31, 2019, which report shall address the initial four years of the housing element cycle, a second time, on or before December 31, 2023, which report shall address the subsequent four years of the housing element cycle, and a third time, on or before December 31, 2027, which report shall address the subsequent four years of the housing element cycle and the cycle as a whole. The reports shall be provided consistent with the requirements of Section 9795.
(f) A jurisdiction shall be considered metropolitan if the jurisdiction does not meet the requirements for "suburban area" above and is located in an MSA of 2,000,000 or greater in population, unless that jurisdiction's population is less than 25,000 in which case it shall be considered suburban.
(g) (1) For sites described in paragraph (3) of subdivision (b), the city or county shall specify the additional development potential for each site within the planning period and shall provide an explanation of the methodology used to determine the development potential. The methodology shall consider factors including the extent to which existing uses may constitute an impediment to additional residential development, the city's or county's past experience with converting existing uses to higher density residential development, the current market demand for the existing use, an analysis of any existing leases or other contracts that would perpetuate the existing use or prevent redevelopment of the site for additional residential development, development trends, market conditions, and regulatory or other incentives or standards to encourage additional residential development on these sites.
(2) In addition to the analysis required in paragraph (1), when a city or county is relying on nonvacant sites described in paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) to accommodate 50 percent or more of its housing need for lower income households, the methodology used to determine additional development potential shall demonstrate that the existing use identified pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (b) does not constitute an impediment to additional residential development during the period covered by the housing element. An existing use shall be presumed to impede additional residential development, absent findings based on substantial evidence that the use is likely to be discontinued during the planning period.
(3) Notwithstanding any other law, and in addition to the requirements in paragraphs (1) and (2), sites that currently have residential uses, or within the past five years have had residential uses that have been vacated or demolished, that are or were subject to a recorded covenant, ordinance, or law that restricts rents to levels affordable to persons and families of low or very low income, subject to any other form of rent or price control through a public entity's valid exercise of its police power, or occupied by low low- or very low income households, shall be subject to a policy requiring the replacement of all those units affordable to the same or lower income level as a condition of any development on the site. Replacement requirements shall be consistent with those set forth in paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 65915.
(h) The program required by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 65583 shall accommodate 100 percent of the need for housing for very low and low-income households allocated pursuant to Section 65584 for which site capacity has not been identified in the inventory of sites pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) on sites that shall be zoned to permit owner-occupied and rental multifamily residential use by right for developments in which at least 20 percent of the units are affordable to lower income households during the planning period. These sites shall be zoned with minimum density and development standards that permit at least 16 units per site at a density of at least 16 units per acre in jurisdictions described in clause (i) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c), shall be at least 20 units per acre in jurisdictions described in clauses (iii) and (iv) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) and shall meet the standards set forth in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (b). At least 50 percent of the very low and low-income housing need shall be accommodated on sites designated for residential use and for which nonresidential uses or mixed uses are not permitted, except that a city or county may accommodate all of the very low and low-income housing need on sites designated for mixed uses if those sites allow 100 percent residential use and require that residential use occupy 50 percent of the total floor area of a mixed-use project.
(i) For purposes of this section and Section 65583, the phrase "use by right" shall mean that the local government's review of the owner-occupied or multifamily residential use may not require a conditional use permit, planned unit development permit, or other discretionary local government review or approval that would constitute a "project" for purposes of Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code. Any subdivision of the sites shall be subject to all laws, including, but not limited to, the local government ordinance implementing the Subdivision Map Act. A local ordinance may provide that "use by right" does not exempt the use from design review. However, that design review shall not constitute a "project" for purposes of Division 13 (commencing with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code. Use by right for all rental multifamily residential housing shall be provided in accordance with subdivision (f) of Section 65589.5.
(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, within one-half mile of a Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit station, housing density requirements in place on June 30, 2014, shall apply.
(k) For purposes of subdivisions (a) and (b), the department shall provide guidance to local governments to properly survey, detail, and account for sites listed pursuant to Section 65585.
(l) This section shall remain in effect only until December 31, 2028, and as of that date is repealed.
SEC. 2.SEC. 3.
(3) Residentially zoned sites that are capable of being developed at a higher density, sites owned or leased by a city, county, or city and county.
(4) Sites zoned for nonresidential use that can be redeveloped for residential use, and for which the housing element includes a program to rezone the sites, as necessary, to permit residential use, including sites owned or leased by a city, county, or city and county.
(7) A map that shows the location of the sites included in the inventory, such as the land use map from the jurisdiction's general plan for reference purposes only.
(c) Based on the information provided in subdivision (b), a city or county shall determine whether each site in the inventory can accommodate the development of some portion of its share of the regional housing need by income level during the planning period, as determined pursuant to Section 65584. The inventory shall specify for each site the number of units that can realistically be accommodated on that site and whether the site is adequate to accommodate lower-income lower income housing, moderate-income housing, or above moderate-income housing. A nonvacant site identified pursuant to paragraph (3) or (4) of subdivision (a) in a prior housing element and a vacant site that has been included in two or more consecutive planning periods that was not approved to develop a portion of the locality's housing need shall not be deemed adequate to accommodate a portion of the housing need for lower income households that must be accommodated in the current housing element planning period unless the site is zoned at residential densities consistent with paragraph (3) of this subdivision and the site is subject to a program in the housing element requiring rezoning within three years of the beginning of the planning period to allow residential use by right for housing developments in which at least 20 percent of the units are affordable to lower income households. A city that is an unincorporated area in a nonmetropolitan county pursuant to clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) shall not be subject to the requirements of this subdivision to allow residential use by right. The analysis shall determine whether the inventory can provide for a variety of types of housing, including multifamily rental housing, factory-built housing, mobilehomes, housing for agricultural employees, supportive housing, single-room occupancy units, emergency shelters, and transitional housing. The city or county shall determine the number of housing units that can be accommodated on each site as follows:
(4) No more than 20 percent of the suburban or metropolitan jurisdiction's share of the regional housing need for above moderate-income housing shall be allocated to sites with zoning restricted to single-family development. This paragraph does not apply to an unincorporated area, regardless of whether it is located within a suburban or metropolitan jurisdiction.
(e) A jurisdiction shall be considered suburban if the jurisdiction does not meet the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) and is located in a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) of less than 2,000,000 in population, unless that jurisdiction's population is greater than 100,000, in which case it shall be considered metropolitan. A county, not including the City and County of San Francisco, shall be considered suburban unless the county is in an MSA of 2,000,000 or greater in population in which case the county shall be considered metropolitan.
(3) Notwithstanding any other law, and in addition to the requirements in paragraphs (1) and (2), sites that currently have residential uses, or within the past five years have had residential uses that have been vacated or demolished, that are or were subject to a recorded covenant, ordinance, or law that restricts rents to levels affordable to persons and families of low low- or very low income, subject to any other form of rent or price control through a public entity's valid exercise of its police power, or occupied by low or very low income households, shall be subject to a policy requiring the replacement of all those units affordable to the same or lower income level as a condition of any development on the site. Replacement requirements shall be consistent with those set forth in paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 65915.
(h) The program required by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (c) of Section 65583 shall accommodate 100 percent of the need for housing for very low and low-income households allocated pursuant to Section 65584 for which site capacity has not been identified in the inventory of sites pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) on sites that shall be zoned to permit owner-occupied and rental multifamily residential use by right for developments in which at least 20 percent of the units are affordable to lower income households during the planning period. These sites shall be zoned with minimum density and development standards that permit at least 16 units per site at a density of at least 16 units per acre in jurisdictions described in clause (i) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c), shall be at least 20 units per acre in jurisdictions described in clauses (iii) and (iv) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (c), and shall meet the standards set forth in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (5) of subdivision (b). At least 50 percent of the very low and low-income housing need shall be accommodated on sites designated for residential use and for which nonresidential uses or mixed uses are not permitted, except that a city or county may accommodate all of the very low and low-income housing need on sites designated for mixed uses use if those sites allow 100 percent residential use and require that residential use occupy 50 percent of the total floor area of a mixed uses mixed-use project.
(j) For purposes of subdivisions (a) and (b), the department shall provide guidance to local governments to properly survey, detail, and account for sites listed pursuant to Section 65585.
(k) This section shall become operative on December 31, 2028.
No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because a local agency or school district has the authority to levy service charges, fees, or assessments sufficient to pay for the program or level of service mandated by this act, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code.


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Leaders at Arizona's Capitol may impose new rules to govern the behavior of lawmakers in the wake of sexual scandals that have roiled the statehouse since late last year.
The move to create a bi-partisan panel of lawmakers to draft a new behavioral code of conduct comes less than four days after The Arizona Republic reported concerns about the lack of of formal policies banning romantic relationships between lawmakers and staffers.
House Speaker J.D. Mesnard and Senate President Steve Yarbrough, both Chandler Republicans, announced the creation of the panel in a joint statement Tuesday afternoon.
The Legislature's lack of a policy prohibiting lawmaker-staffer relations was highlighted last week by revelations that former state Sen. Steve Montenegro, R-Litchfield Park, had for months exchanged flirtatious text messages and photos with a Senate staffer.
Some lawmakers said the incident highlighted the need for rules that draw clear boundaries between staffers and more-powerful elected officials.
Mesnard and Yarbrough said a team of eight lawmakers — two Democrats and two Republicans from each chamber — will write the rules.
Members of the committee haven't yet been named. Any rules they recommend likely would face a vote in both chambers.
"While it's unfortunate that such a code is needed, legislators will certainly benefit from greater clarity, and the public will be better served by having a behavioral code of conduct in place," Mesnard said in the statement.
The announcement is significant because it's the first time that legislative leaders have agreed to jointly adopt behavioral rules for elected officials.
It's also significant because while the House had previously agreed to create a code of conduct, Republican leadership in the Senate was silent on the issue following the Montenegro scandal.
"This work is important for the benefit of the public and the respective institutions," Yarbrough, R-Chandler, said in the statement.
Neither chamber has a written policy specifically addressing relationship boundaries between elected officials and staffers. However, Mesnard and Senate GOP spokesman Mike Philipsen have said new employees are told during orientation not to date elected officials.
Mesnard said the committee will review code of conduct policies in the private sector and as well as other state and local governments to determine how — and if — the rules need to be updated.
The goal of the committee, Mesnard said, will be to help lawmakers better "police" their own conduct.
Mensard said in an interview with The Republic the goal of the committee is "to outline something beyond what we have now, which is mostly tailored toward financial conflicts of interest, so we can more precisely, not only police ourselves, but know what the standards are."
Last week, Mesnard said he expected the House's new behavioral rules would bar relationships between lawmakers and staffers.
The effort to address the lack of a policy started last year, after multiple House members were accused of harassment or inappropriate relationships with staffers.
Rep. Michelle Ugenti-Rita, R-Scottsdale, responded to Tuesday's announcement with a brief Twitter post, writing, "I hope this addresses member on member retaliation and abuse of power."
Last year, Ugenti-Rita was the first woman to publicly accuse former Rep. Don Shooter of sexual harassment. She said she faced retaliation from members of the Senate, who blocked her bills after she complained about misbehavior.
An investigation found Shooter, who was expelled from the House on Feb. 1, sexually harassed seven women during his time as a state senator and representative.
Meanwhile in the Senate, the Montenegro situation has intensified pressure on GOP leadership to act.
Montenegro, who's running for a vacant West Valley congressional seat in Tuesday's special election, is accused of pursuing a cyber affair with with Stephanie Holford, a junior-level staffer.
After the story broke last week, Holford's attorney held a news conference outside the Senate building, saying the Senate had failed to protect her.
Messages released Feb. 22 by Holford's attorney, and others previously reviewed by The Republic, revealed a flirtatious texting relationship that crossed professional boundaries.
Montenegro, a Christian minister who is a married father, first called media reports of the text messages "false." Later, he acknowledged the texts were authentic.


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