text:
About Amanah
Business and Partnership Fatawa
Islamic Economics
Products and Schemes
Takaful and Insurance
Trade and Sales
Wills and Inheritance
Review and Fatwa
Shariah Board
Shariah Advisory Services
Shariah Product Development
Islamic Finance Training
info@amanahadvisors.com
Making Sure It's Closed
Case Study Caption
About This Case
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they liveriver named Duden flows by their place.
Criminal Law	Making Sure the Closing Happens
Time Frame4 Months
LawyerJohn Michael
Our Trading helps clients run and transform their front, middle and back-office trading operations. We provide buy-side, sell-side and market infrastructure firms with a full-service offering, including systems integration and technology consulting services, to assist in delivering high performance trading and settlement. These apps run on a custom built blockchain, an enormously powerful shared global infrastructure that can move
Value around and represent the ownership of property. This enables developers to create markets, store registries of debts or promises, move funds in accordance with instructions given long in the past.
These apps run on a custom built blockchain, an enormously powerful shared global infrastructure that can move value around and represent the ownership of property.
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they live in Bookmarksgrove right at the coast of the Semantics, a large language ocean. A small river named Duden flows by their place and supplies it with the necessary regelialia. It is a paradisematic country.
1. Planning The Case
Up to 45% of a merchant's budget is spent on commissions charge
2. Evaluate Situation
These apps run on a custom built blockchain, an enormously powerful shared global infrastructure.
3. File The Case To The Court
Samsa was a travelling salesman – and above it there hung a picture that he had recently cut out of an illustrated.
4. Gather More Information
These apps run on a custom built blockchain, an enormously powerful shared global infrastructure that can move value.
A small river named Duden flows by their place and supplies it with the necessary regelialia. It is a paradisematic country, in which roasted parts of sentences fly into your mouth. Even the all-powerful Pointing has no control about the blind texts it is an almost unorthographic life One day however a small line of blind text by the name of Lorem Ipsum decided to leave for the far World of Grammar. The Big Oxmox advised her not to do so, because there were thousands of bad Commas.
The Obsession with Possession in Islamic Finance January 3, 2021
The Life of a Transaction in Islamic Finance December 27, 2020
Making Sense of the 30% Rule in Islamic Finance December 14, 2020
Copyright 2020 Amanah, All Right Reserved
Developed by Dawah Solutions
Mufti Faraz Adam
Executive Director & Head of Shariah Advisory
Mufti Faraz Adam is a well known UK-based Islamic finance & fintech consultant. He is the advisor to a number of well-known global Islamic financial institutions and serves across the Islamic economy in Islamic banking, SME financing, Zakat, Waqf and estate planning. He is on a number of global Shariah boards in countries such as Switzerland, Bahrain, Canada, Singapore, Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Canada and the United States. He has published over a dozen research papers in contemporary Islamic Finance matters and has published many chapters in Islamic fintech.
He holds a Masters Degree in Islamic Finance, Banking and Management from Newman University and has attained various finance-industry qualifications. Mufti Faraz completed a six-year Alimiyyah program in the UK after which he went on to complete the Iftaa course in South Africa. He holds a Master's Degree in Islamic Finance, Banking and Management at Newman University, UK in 2017.
He has attained various finance-industry qualifications such as the IFQ, CIFE and is a Certified Shariah Advisor and Auditor (CSAA). He has completed an MBA diploma and has completed a Fintech specialisation from the University of Michigan. He also has an accounting qualification from ACCA
Aysh Ahmed Chaudhry
Legal Advisory Counsel
Aysh is a Corporate Finance Lawyer and our Advisory Counsel. He advises on a range of corporate finance transactions in the United Kingdom, Europe, and the Middle East.
Aysh specializes in Investment and Joint Venture Real Estate transactions with a focus on investment strategies and structuring of acquisitions and developments across London. He has lived and worked in various jurisdictions including the UAE, Egypt, and Spain.
He has practical knowledge of Islamic Commercial Law and is a lecturer at the University of London on the Islamic Finance and Islamic Law modules.
First Class (with honors) LLB Law (University of London, 2013)
Diploma in Classical Arabic (Fajr Institute of Arabic Language, 2013)
Hondamir Nusratkhujaev
Head of Accounting and Audit
Hondamir Nusratkhujaev has worked for IsDB for over 7 years (since 2013) managing financial statements, management reporting and analysis of the Bank and its Funds (circa US$ 40B in assets), being involved in sukuk issuances, financial sustainability and international rating exercises. He is a member of the Accounting Board of AAOIFI (since 2016, re-elected in 2019) whereby he was directly involved in developing and revising Financial Accounting Standards for the Islamic Finance Industry.
He is one of the first active promoters and contributors toward the birth of Islamic banking and finance in his home country Uzbekistan. His efforts have been recognized during the CIS Islamic Banking and Finance Forum (May 2019) where he has won the Award for "Extraordinary Performance in Islamic Finance".
During 1998-2013, Hondamir worked in the three Big4 international accounting firms, where he has led major auditing and consulting engagements across the CIS region.
He has thus accumulated substantial (23 years+) international experience and expertise in Islamic finance, AAOIFI, IFRS, COSO, internal controls, international auditing, accounting advisory and corporate finance.


We arrived in San Francisco at 2 pm local time. While we had no problems with the flight (Frontier Airlines) it took a very long time. We left Orlando at 9 am. If one accounts for the time change our cross-country flight took 8 hours!
Sensing our fatigue, Scrump suggested the new train that connected San Francisco's airport to downtown. This was awesome. Instead of a $30 - $40 cab ride, we spent $5 a piece to take the train.
Ahhhhh!!!!!! Give me a cup o' joe & a map!! Scrump helped us plan our first excursions into the city. We were at Yerba Buena Gardens. Something about this place reminded her of Laurel so we placed a prank call on her voice mail at work. The Starbuck's definitely gets her randy!
This is how one walks in San Francisco!
That's the TranAmerica building!!!!. Sandra & Scrump enjoy a moment in the shade as they ponder a San Francisco landmark (you can see it in Sandra's glasses).
... so we had to actually carry her! Scrumptious likes to be carried!
But the ungrateful little bugger wasn't satisfied! "Hey! Can't see!", "Yoohoo, down in front!" and, "mmph!, grunt, Can't... nnnnnnnngggg... See!". My God, it wasn't enough that we had to haul an extra ounce around (and across Golden Gate Bridge!) but her view was obscured... by us! Some people!
Scrump-ey was quite the attraction at this place.
Who says a vacation can't be dangerous!
Scrump has a brush with death at the Sony Metreon (above) & the Embarcadero (shown below).
We didn't go to the game (Giants vs. A's in an interleague match-up), but we had a blast this day. We were actually watching a portion of the game from a right field gate, and witnessed Barry Bonds hit a homer off Barry Zito. A girl in the stands caught the ball as it was headed out of the park & right towards Scrump! What Luck! It was as cool as could be.
Sunday, our last day in San Fran. We catch a plane back to Florida tomorrow morning. What adventures await our intrepid explorers in the continuance of the vacation of 2003? Will everything be alright at home in the second phase of the vacation?? Will the cruise work out in phase 3? Stay tuned to this web site for further details!!!!


text:
Q: Why is my update affecting twice the number of records than expected? I have the following query:
update Table1
set id=2
where nbr in (select nbr from Other.dbo.table)

The "select nbr from Other.dbo.table" has 500 records.  Yet when I run the update, it says I am updating 1,000 records.  I have checked table1, and there are only 500 rows that match the filter.
select * from table1 where nbr in (select nbr from Other.dbo.table)

I tried changing the query to be a join and using a temp table to store the filter list, but I receive the same results.
Why am I updating 1000 records when only 500 match?
There is an update trigger on Table1.

A: An update trigger on table1 causes the UI to return double the amount of records. The 500 records are being updated. However, each update causes a new record to be inserted into an audit table. The UI returns the count of the total rows affected for the query statement, not just the update itself!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rhinoprenes pentanemus, the Threadfin scat, is a species of ephippid native to the Pacific Ocean  around Papua New Guinea and Australia.  This fish eats algae and also sewage. This species grows to a length of  TL.  This species is the only known member of its genus.

References

External links
 Photograph

Ephippidae
Monotypic fish genera
Fish described in 1964

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Disaster at Cold Harbor: Connecticut's Second Volunteer Heavy Artillery Regiment
October 26, 2019 • Derby, Civil War
Corporal Thomas Fox , Second Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery, B Company with his regimental flag - Connecticut Historical Society
by Richard Malley
Connecticut's response to the firing on Fort Sumter and Lincoln's call for three-month volunteer troops was immediate and significant. Throughout the state, men of military age enlisted for what most people thought was simply going to be a show of strength that would dissuade southerners from supporting secession.
Colonel Elisha S. Kellogg, Second Connecticut Heavy Artillery. Photograph by Bowdoin, Taylor & Co., Alexandria, VA, 1864 – Connecticut Historical Society and Connecticut History Online
In the months following the sobering Union defeat at the first battle of Bull Run in July 1861, additional units were recruited. In the summer of 1862, yet another infantry regiment was organized—the Nineteenth Connecticut Volunteer Infantry. Some 815 men, drawn primarily from Litchfield County, trained for a few weeks under the stern guidance of Major Elisha S. Kellogg from Derby before the unit was whisked off to the Washington area for additional training and guard duty. In November 1863, the War Department ordered the Nineteenth to be reorganized as the Second Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery Regiment, and officers were sent back to Connecticut to recruit new members to bring the unit up to proper strength.
In May 1864 the regiment traveled to Fredericksburg, thence on to the area near Cold Harbor, Virginia, about 10 miles northeast of Richmond. There they encountered stiff opposition from General Robert E. Lee's Confederates. With General Ulysses S. Grant now in command, a new, more aggressive Union strategy sought to crush Confederate forces in Virginia and capture Richmond. Though effective, Grant's tactics resulted in higher casualty rates.
On June 1 the regiment, which thus far had seen little action, found itself on the front lines, facing seasoned Confederate forces that were well entrenched behind an elaborate complex of earthworks. In what Grant later admitted was a mistake, a full frontal assault of the Confederate line was made, and the Second Connecticut Heavies, once again operating as an infantry unit, found themselves in the thick of the fight. The physically imposing Elisha Kellogg, now commanding the unit, led the charge across open ground toward the enemy. A hurricane of lead cut down scores of the attackers and when the unit pulled back, Colonel Kellogg lay dead on the field, one of some 118 men killed in the assault. In all, 323 men from the regiment were killed or wounded. The survivors were stunned by this slaughter, but they continued to serve in the campaign.
By the fall of 1864 the Second found itself supporting Philip Sheridan's operations in the Shenandoah Valley before rejoining Grant in the Petersburg campaign. In April 1865 the regiment marched north through the ruins of Richmond, and on September 5, 1865, the men of the Second mustered out. For many veterans of the Second, the assault at Cold Harbor would be the most terrible memory of the conflict.
Richard Malley is Head of Collections at the Connecticut Historical Society.
© Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network and Connecticut Historical Society. All rights reserved. This article originally appeared on Connecticut History | WNPR News
Connecticut. "Connecticut Men in the Civil War." Connecticut Military Department, 2017. Link.
Connecticut State Library Digital Collections. "Newspapers of Connecticut - Civil War," 2017. Link.
Connecticut State Library. "Research Guide to Civil War Materials," 2017. Link.
"Connecticut Historical Society," 2017. Link.
Connecticut. Adjutant-General's Office. Catalogue of Connecticut Volunteer Organizations, with Additional Enlistments and Casualties to July 1, 1864. Hartford: Case, Lockwood and Company, 1864. Link.
Hines, Blaikie. Civil War Volunteer Sons of Connecticut. Thomaston, ME: American Patriot Press, 2002.
Warshauer, Matthew. Connecticut in the American Civil War: Slavery, Sacrifice, and Survival. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2011.
Vaill, Dudley Landon. The County Regiment: A Sketch of the Second Regiment of Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery, Originally the Nineteenth Volunteer Infantry, in the Civil War. Winsted, CT: Litchfield County University Club, 1908. Link.
Connecticut's War Governor, William A. Buckingham
The Civil War Commences: Connecticut's Involvement in the Civil War
Lydia Sherman: The Derby Poisoner
John Brown Born – Today in History: May 9
Pomp and Circumstance: Civil War Commemoration
The Hartford Wits
John Howe Makes a Better Pin – Today in History: June 22
Reverend James Pennington: A Voice for Freedom
William Edgar Simonds: A Schoolteacher Turned Civil War Hero
Civil War Soldier Dies of Gangrene – Today in History: July 10

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I was on the way to Onagawa, as I was worried about my fishing boat moored there. But when I saw people fleeing by cars, I set off for higher ground and kept watching from there. I spent that night in my car, but was too nervous to sleep at all. Four months on, I still feel as if I am in a dream and feel like I want to run away from reality. I do not want to recall March 11, but if I hold onto and remember it, I will be fine. I have no choice but to look ahead and to keep moving forward.


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Insights Center
Mintz.com
Frank C. Guinta
FCGuinta@mlstrategies.com
Frank is based in our Washington, DC office and is Senior Vice President of ML Strategies.
Prior to joining the firm, Frank represented New Hampshire's 1st congressional district in the US House of Representatives. He served for two nonconsecutive terms, from 2011 to 2013 and from 2015 to 2017. During his time in Congress, Frank served on several House committees. During his most recent term, he was a member of the Committee on Financial Services and served on its Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit as well as its Monetary Policy and Trade sub-committees. Previously he served on the Committee on the Budget, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.
Frank was also co-founder and co-chair of the House's Bipartisan Task Force to Combat the Heroin Epidemic, which successfully pushed for the passage of legislation that became part of the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA). He is currently a member of the National Advisory Board of the Addiction Policy Forum, a partnership of organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders committed to increasing addiction awareness and improving national policies.
In 2005, Frank defeated a three-time incumbent to become mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire, the state's largest city. At the time of his election, Frank was Manchester's youngest mayor in over 100 years. He is credited with introducing community policing policies that helped control crime in the city, and with reducing taxes. In 2007, he was elected to a second term. During Frank's tenure, Manchester was cited by several national publications for its recession-busting economic development, responsible fiscal philosophy, and favorable quality of life.
Prior to becoming mayor of Manchester, Frank was senior policy advisor to US Congressman Jeb Bradley. From 2000 to 2004, he served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives. Earlier he was elected to serve on Manchester's Board of Aldermen, where he represented Ward 3. Frank also had a successful career in the insurance industry, and ran his own insurance consulting firm.
University of New Hampshire (MIP)
Assumption College (BA)
Member, National Advisory Board, Addiction Policy Forum (2017 – Present)
Chairman, IBC-NH Independent Business Council (2013 – 2014)
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On behalf of Karl Storz Endoscopy, ML Strategies has advocated for uniform federal regulation to protect patient safety before the FDA and with members of Congress — and defeated the digital right to repair from being implemented in Massachusetts.
2020 Congressional Highlights
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August 21, 2019|Alert
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ML Strategies Hires Former New Hampshire Congressman Frank Guinta as Senior Vice President in Washington, D.C.
ML Strategies has added Frank C. Guinta as Senior Vice President. Mr. Guinta has a long history of government service and has held a number of positions on both the local, state, and national level. He will be based out of the Washington, D.C. office.
3rd Annual Mintz /ML Strategies Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Industry Summit
January 15, 2020| Advisory
August 21, 2019| Alert
Read about infrastructure-related bills and measures before Congress, including the surface transportation and Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) reauthorizations.
Congress has continued its 57-year tradition of passing an annual defense authorization bill with the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2019 finalized by Congress on August 1 and signed into law by President Trump on August 13. The NDAA makes important reforms and updates to the process by which investments in U.S. businesses by foreign persons are reviewed by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) and updates and codifies Department of Commerce practices related to export controls.
Mintz and ML Strategies
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Understanding the health and housing experiences of refugees and other migrant populations experiencing homelessness or vulnerable housing: a systematic review using GRADE-CERQual
Harneel Kaur, Ammar Saad, Olivia Magwood, Qasem Alkhateeb, Christine Mathew, Gina Khalaf and Kevin Pottie
June 18, 2021 9 (2) E681-E692; DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20200109
Harneel Kaur
Bruyère Research Institute (Kaur), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Family Medicine Residency Program (Kaur), Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; C.T. Lamont Primary Health Care Research Centre (Saad, Magwood), Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Medicine (Alkhateeb), Schulich School of Medicine, Toronto, Ont.; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences (Magwood), University of Ottawa; Bruyère Research Institute (Mathew), Ottawa, Ont.; Centre de médecine familiale de Wakefield (Khalaf), Wakefied, Que.; Centre integré de santé et de services sociaux de l'Outaouais de Hull (Khalaf), Gatineau, Que.; Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology, and Community Medicine (Pottie), University of Ottawa; Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, Ont.
Ammar Saad
Olivia Magwood
Qasem Alkhateeb
Christine Mathew
Gina Khalaf
Kevin Pottie
Background: A growing number of migrants experience precarious housing situations worldwide, but little is known about their health and housing experiences. The objective of this study was to understand the enablers and barriers of accessing fundamental health and social services for migrants in precarious housing situations.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies. We searched the databases of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Social Sciences, Canadian Business & Current Affairs and Sociological Abstracts for articles published between Jan. 1, 2007, and Feb. 9, 2020. We selected studies and extracted data in duplicate, and used a framework synthesis approach, the Bierman model for migration, to guide our analysis of the experiences of migrant populations experiencing homelessness or vulnerable housing in high-income countries. We critically appraised the quality of included studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and assessed confidence in key findings using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach.
Results: We identified 1039 articles, and 18 met our inclusion criteria. The studies focused on migrants from Asia and Africa who resettled in Canada, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and other European countries. Poor access to housing services was related to unsafe housing, facing a family separation, insufficient income assistance, immigration status, limited employment opportunities and lack of language skills. Enablers to accessing appropriate housing services included finding an advocate and adopting survival and coping strategies.
Interpretation: Migrants experiencing homelessness and vulnerable housing often struggle to access health and social services; migrants may have limited proficiency with the local language, limited access to safe housing and income support, and ongoing family insecurities. Public health leaders could develop outreach programs that address access and discrimination barriers.
PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018071568
Worldwide, more than 272 million people are classified as "international migrants".1 Migrant populations include refugees, asylum seekers, displaced persons and immigrants who move from their country of residence to another.2,3 Literature suggests that homelessness may be prevalent among migrants to different countries.4–6 Within North America, evidence highlights a substantial movement of undocumented migrants from the United States into Canada.7
Refugees and other migrants who are precariously housed may couch surf, or live in motels and other short-term rentals. When these options fail, they turn to temporary homeless shelters.8,9 In contrast to government-assisted refugee shelters, homeless shelters lack language and cultural food resources, and other health, education and employment resettlement infrastructure.8 Forced displacement and marginalization can create additional challenges in securing safe and stable housing for migrants,10 with many experiencing homelessness at some point in their resettlement process. The magnitude of visible or hidden migrant homelessness is largely unknown and what little evidence exists is of low quality, which limits the development of policies, programs and services that address homelessness among migrants.
Field research suggests that the risk of migrant homelessness increases with cuts to social programs, persistent health issues, poverty, lack of affordable housing, unrecognized education credentials, unemployment, delays in obtaining work permits, deinstitutionalization and lack of discharge planning.11 Mobile migrants are also at risk for frostbite, infectious diseases, soft-tissue infections, traumatic injuries and chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease).12,13 Furthermore, migrants may suffer from common mental illnesses, including posttraumatic stress disorder and depression.14 Migrant populations may also struggle with food insecurity and impaired access to health and social services.15–17
The objective of this systematic review was to understand the enablers and barriers of accessing fundamental health and social services for migrants who found themselves in precarious housing situations.
We conducted a systematic review according to a registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42018071568; Appendix 1, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1).19 We reported our findings according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline.20
With the assistance of an information scientist librarian, we developed a search strategy using a combination of subject headings and keywords, including "migrant," "refugee," "asylum seeker," "homeless," "unsheltered" and "street." The primary search strategy is presented in Appendix 2, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1. We used this strategy, and its translated versions, to systematically search the databases of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Social Sciences, Canadian Business & Current Affairs and Sociological Abstracts for relevant studies from 2007 to Feb. 9, 2020. We did not apply any filters or language restrictions. We did not systematically search for additional studies in reference lists or grey literature.
We originally searched bibliographical databases from the date of their inception; however, we soon recognized that evidence published since 2007 represents a reflection of a scholarly evolution in the field of migration and global health research, characterized by an exponential increase in the rate of research articles published in peer-reviewed journals.18 As a result, we decided to deviate from protocol and restrict the date of publication from 2007 onward at the full-text screening phase of the review.
We included studies in our systematic review if they used a qualitative or mixed method design and were published between 2007 and 2020, in any language. We focused on studies whose participants were refugees, asylum seekers or undocumented migrants who were presently residing in high-income countries, as defined by the World Bank.21 We restricted our studies to high-income settings, given the relative homogeneity in how migrants integrate into the labour market22 and the similar challenges they face when accessing health and social welfare services.23,24 We included studies that reported on the barriers and facilitators that migrants face when accessing housing or shelter, and their health and well-being. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a detailed description of study populations, interventions, controls and outcomes can be found in Appendix 3, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1.
Study selection and data collection
Four team members (H.K., C.M., A.S., Q.A.) screened and selected titles, abstracts and full-text articles, independently and in duplicate. At the full-text screening stage, we limited articles to those published between Jan. 1, 2007, and Feb. 9, 2020, as noted earlier. All conflicts were resolved through discussion or by consulting a third reviewer (K.P.).
After study selection, we developed a standardized data extraction sheet that included study methodology, participant characteristics and contextual findings, including labour market conditions, immigration policies, social networks, neighbourhood characteristics, discrimination, income, education and language. We piloted the data extraction form to ensure relevancy (H.K., G.K.). Five reviewers (H.K., G.K., O.M., A.S., Q.A.) extracted data independently and in duplicate, and any conflicts were resolved with the help of a third reviewer (K.P.).
We assessed the methodological quality of included articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies25 (H.K., G.M., O.M., A.S.) (Appendix 4, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1). We used the best-fit framework method as a systematic and flexible approach to analyzing the qualitative data.26–28 Framework analysis is a 5-stage process that includes familiarization with the data, identifying a thematic framework, indexing (applying the framework), charting and mapping, and interpretation.29 We selected the Bierman model for migrant health as our framework.30 The Bierman model is a conceptual framework that considers the intersection of social determinants of health, gender equity, racial and ethnic disparities in health, and the migration experience.31
One reviewer (H.K.) coded the data into the domains of the Bierman model using a matrix spreadsheet to facilitate analysis; a second reviewer (K.P.) verified the coding. The review team (H.K., O.M., A.S., K.P.) identified and interpreted key findings through discussion with the review team. For the purposes of this review, we defined a review finding as an analytic output from our qualitative evidence synthesis that describes a phenomenon or an aspect of a phenomenon, based on data (participant quotations or author observation) from primary studies.32
We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach.33,34 This approach evaluates findings on 4 criteria: methodological limitations of included studies supporting a review finding, the relevance of included studies to the review question, the coherence of the review finding and the adequacy of the data contributing to a review finding (Table 1).
Components of GRADE-CERQual assessments33
Ethics approval was not required for this study.
Our search initially identified 1039 unique articles; however, after the initial removal of duplicates, we found 754 additional duplicate citations. We further screened articles to exclude low-income countries, and study populations and designs that did not meet inclusion criteria. We included 18 studies in our analysis (Figure 1).
Flow chart based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines.
Note: PICO = population, intervention, comparison, outcomes. *We originally searched bibliographical databases from the date of their inception; however, we soon recognized that evidence published since 2007 represents scholarly evolution in the field of migration and global health research.18 As a result, we deviated from protocol and restricted date of publication from 2007 onward at the full-text screening phase of the review.
Eight studies focused specifically on refugees,6,35–41 and the remaining 10 studies considered the broader migrant populations, including immigrants, newcomers or refugees.42–51 Resettlement countries included Canada (n = 9), Australia (n = 4), Belgium (n = 1), Denmark (n = 1), Norway (n = 1), the United Kingdom (n = 1) and the US (n = 1). All included studies followed a naturalistic inquiry approach, except for 3 that had a comparison group.45,48,49 The characteristics of included studies and the methodological quality of studies are found in Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
The Bierman model (Appendix 5, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1) provided conceptual categories that we used to map and characterize our qualitative findings. In doing so, we identified 8 distinct findings from the included studies, summarized in Table 3. The confidence in the findings ranged from very low to moderate, with 4 of the findings being of moderate confidence. Appendix 6, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1, provides a detailed description of the findings. Of note, several factors from within the Bierman model had limited data available during the extraction process, including political environment, education and other factors.
Barriers to accessing housing services
Interpersonal racism
Two common barriers to accessing stable and secure housing for migrants were discrimination and stigmatization, often based on race, gender, socioeconomic status, language of origin, housing situation, trauma history and number of children (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: low).6,39,46,47 For example, one migrant stated, "Every time I would call an advert[isement], I would call asking for a house and they would ask, 'Oh, you have an accent. Where do you come from?' When I told them I am from Africa, well, the apartment was taken."47
Mental health concerns
The combined impact of the past trauma experienced by migrants and their vulnerable housing situations contributed to mental health concerns,6,36,39,40,50 often resulting in sleep problems, loss of appetite and anxiety (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: moderate).37 For example, 1 study reported a migrant feeling "seriously stressed" about his homeless status, affecting his mental health.6
Poor access to services
Refugees and other migrants are often unaware of support services and find them difficult to access and navigate (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: moderate).48,51 For example, one migrant in the UK stated, "We are going every time to social services. [Asking] Where is [private housing provider]? Where is Refugee Council? We didn't know nothing."38 Another stated, "It was just presumed that I knew where to go, that I understood the system."40 Furthermore, migrants who were unfamiliar with services would not access emergency or transitional accommodation. Some migrants did not identify as homeless, and would not seek out services.40
Unsafe housing
Refugees and other migrants perceived the housing options available to them as unsafe, poorly managed and unaffordable. Furthermore, housing programs were often described as strict, controlling, substandard, and in some cases, dangerous, especially by younger populations (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: high).35,38–40,48 In one UK study, several of the respondents described the weaknesses in the National Asylum Support Services housing system as poor quality, overcrowded and lacking effective orientation and services.38
Facing family conflict and intercultural tensions
Several vulnerably housed refugees expressed difficulties learning a new culture, and parents also struggled with the ability of their children to balance a new culture and the culture of their country of origin (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: low).40 At times, parents considered their child's acquisition of the English language, Western fashion or new social life as abandonment of their traditional cultural beliefs and values (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: low).39 The tension between 2 different cultures often resulted in conflicts and tensions in family support systems (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: low).39
Insufficient income assistance
Refugees and other migrants reported strained finances and inadequate financial support that led to difficulty meeting basic needs, housing insecurity and food instability (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: low).40,45–48 In one study, nearly all of the respondents had had trouble finding a new place to live because accommodation was too expensive.47
Impact of immigration status
Compared with status migrants, nonstatus migrants faced substantial barriers, such as limited rights to welfare, prohibition from taking up paid employment and rejection from shelter access (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: low).36,38,45,51 Ravnbøl and colleagues51 discussed how Danish law prevented migrants from registering as workers in the European Union, and because they did not have a Danish social security number, no one would hire them or rent them a place to live.
Lack of language skills impeding access
Limited language skills negatively affected accessibility to health and social services for migrants, such as housing programs (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: moderate).51 In a study by Couch and colleagues,39 a young migrant in a rooming house described the challenges of renting with limited English skills, "My English is a problem because I do not always understand the rules of renting a place and may get evicted because I do not understand the rules. Or sometimes notices are placed in the building for people to come together and I can't be involved because I can't read the sign." Mostowska and colleagues considered language the most important resource for migrants to create and expand their social networks beyond their cultural community;43 limited language skills can worsen the feeling of being isolated from others (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: moderate).44
Limited employment opportunities
Difficulty obtaining employment was frequently reported among migrants as a barrier to stable and secure housing. Being denied work or meaningful opportunities can inhibit and affect migrants' pride in being active citizens in their resettlement country, as well as affect their personal sense of accomplishment and meaning (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: moderate).37,39,47 Dreams of owning a house, studying or working as citizens of a new country were difficult to achieve: "I am so many steps away, miles away from having anything like the Australians have."40 Some migrants noted limited personal, family and cultural resources that further exacerbated the ability to find stable and meaningful employment.
Enablers to accessing housing services
Finding an advocate
Refugees who sought a culturally familiar, community advocate were able to increase their social capital, which is recognized as the network of social relations that can provide people and groups with access to resources and support (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: high).39–41,47,48 Advocates included settlement counsellors and cultural brokers. These advocates were able to help refugees transition out of homelessness by providing social support, a place to stay and other resources.41,48 One study reported that when a pregnant woman was faced with impending homelessness, she scanned the public phone directory, looking for Sudanese names from her community.39 Similarly, another woman found assistance in housing after approaching a stranger on the street who spoke her first language.47
Adopting survival and coping strategies
Refugees and other migrants who faced insecure housing instability adopted survival and coping strategies that helped them to advocate for resources and develop a sense of belonging in their new community. The survival and coping strategies ranged from faith-based coping to coping using substance use (GRADE-CERQual confidence level: moderate).39–41,46,50
A comprehensive understanding of background characteristics that influence the health and well-being of patients is a prerequisite to delivering equitable health care.52,53 Two such characteristics that are hypothesized to increase vulnerability and decrease access to services are homelessness and migration status.4,54 We explored the best available qualitative evidence on the enablers and barriers of accessing fundamental health and social services for migrants who found themselves in precarious housing situations.
Our findings suggest that migrants experiencing homelessness often struggle to meet their housing and health needs and to access essential services because of interpersonal racism, limited proficiency with the local language, lack of financial stability and family tensions, leading to worsened mental health conditions. To overcome these barriers, migrants experiencing homelessness often resort to different coping strategies and rely on community advocates to increase their social capital. Even though implementing interpretation services can mitigate linguistic barriers and ensure the provision of equitable care for migrant patients,55,56 health care practitioners in Canada need to adopt a more holistic approach to providing care for these populations, one that addresses their housing situation and the barriers that further increase their housing instability and vulnerability, such as family tensions and financial instability.
Migrants described experiencing interpersonal racism when attempting to access health and social services. Xenophobia, racism, and attitudes and behaviours that lead to civic exclusion of others based on a foreign cultural or national identity are upstream factors that produce discrimination and poor health outcomes for migrants.57 Interpersonal incidents of racism are an attack on communities, rather than just individuals.58,59 Indeed, acts of racism are reflections of historical legacies of colonialism and domination,59 which reinforce disempowerment and structural violence. Structural violence describes the social structures that prevent individuals and entire populations from reaching their full potential.60 Structural violence continues to serve as a challenge to providing health care for marginalized populations,61,62 depriving patients of their right to receive equitable services, and increasing the social gradient of how beneficial such services tend to be.53 Even though discrimination has been found to sever trustworthy connections between the general homeless population and their health care providers,63 our findings suggest that this problem is further aggravated when patients who are homeless also have a migration history. In Canada, primary health care practitioners can effectively address their patients' experiences of interpersonal racism by employing trauma-informed care in its core values and principles.64
Past trauma was found to worsen the mental health conditions of refugees and other migrants. The literature is abundant with evidence linking premigration and migration exposures of trauma and violence to the initiation or exacerbation of common mental health conditions, such as major depressive disorders, generalized anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders.14,65 In Canada, the literature highlights a trend of limited access and uptake of mental health services by different migrant populations.66,67 With the scarcity of mental health screening initiatives,68 and the discontinuity of mental health care after resettlement,69 migrants find themselves in need of scaled-up mental health services that could be delivered in their communities.70
Moreover, homelessness after resettlement was a fundamental component that worsened many mental health conditions among migrants. This finding suggests that homelessness is not only the consequence of poor mental health, but also a predictor of poor mental health. Primary health care practitioners in Canada now have an evidence-based guideline to address homelessness as the root for many morbidities and to initiate care for patients experiencing homelessness, including migrants, using upstream and longitudinal interventions.71
It is important to develop and evaluate public health responses for migrants who are homeless or vulnerably housed, especially undocumented migrants. Advances in universal access to health services72 and social accountability in medical schools73 could be matched with policy changes to ensure health equity for homeless migrants. Public health could play a role in raising awareness of these priority populations and developing programs and policies that address access and discrimination barriers, such as antiracist housing policies, migrant-sensitive mental health supports in shelters and migrant-specific shelters. Indeed, public health research can deepen our understanding of the values, attitudes and perceptions of migrants regarding housing, and can have a role in improving outcomes of the social determinants of health.
We evaluated the enablers and barriers of accessing health and social services among a population with lived experience of homelessness. We followed systematic and transparent review methodology to ensure we identified the best available evidence on this phenomenon. As a result, we included studies of vulnerable migrants from diverse geographic regions around the world. Furthermore, we used the GRADE-CERQual methodology to rate the confidence in our findings.
We did not use a Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS),74 which could have guided and improved the search strategy. We did not conduct a grey literature search, nor did we search any reference lists. A protocol deviation is also further detailed in Appendix 7, available at www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1. Furthermore, our findings are constrained to the data provided by the interviews and participants within the published primary studies. For example, most participants spoke English, and we recognize that language is an important additional barrier to resources.
Only a small number of participants were undocumented migrants, an important subgroup of this vulnerable population. More subgroup analyses, such as from youth or the recent Syrian refugees, would be important to better understand these specific populations in the future. Most included articles did not describe in detail the relationship between the researcher and the participant which, if not addressed appropriately, could introduce concerns of interviewer and social desirability biases and jeopardize the trustworthiness of qualitative evidence from primary studies. Lastly, we tried to ensure that our findings and considerations were applicable to the Canadian context, which required contextualization and judgments on the relevance of included studies conducted outside of Canada. This process, however, was not always feasible given reporting limitations on the primary-study level.
We highlighted the challenges that refugees and other migrants face after resettlement and when experiencing homelessness. Discrimination and xenophobia were recurrent themes described as both a cause and a consequence of unsafe and insecure housing. An important finding was the limited research available on undocumented migrants experiencing homelessness. Vulnerable housing was often linked to family separation, poor access to services and limited income and employment. Migrants may also face language, cultural and immigration status barriers, and they may benefit from field advocates and personal survival strategies. These findings warrant physician vigilance and public health responses.
This article has been peer reviewed.
Contributors: Harneel Kaur and Kevin Pottie conceived and designed the work. All authors contributed to the acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data. Harneel Kaur, Ammar Saad, Olivia Magwood, Christine Mathew and Kevin Pottie drafted the manuscript. All of the authors revised it critically for important intellectual content, gave final approval of the version to be published and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Data sharing: The authors used publicly available data for the analysis in this study.
Supplemental information: For reviewer comments and the original submission of this manuscript, please see www.cmajopen.ca/content/9/2/E681/suppl/DC1.
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original publication is properly cited, the use is noncommercial (i.e., research or educational use), and no modifications or adaptations are made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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You are going to email the following Understanding the health and housing experiences of refugees and other migrant populations experiencing homelessness or vulnerable housing: a systematic review using GRADE-CERQual
Harneel Kaur, Ammar Saad, Olivia Magwood, Qasem Alkhateeb, Christine Mathew, Gina Khalaf, Kevin Pottie
Apr 2021, 9 (2) E681-E692; DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200109
Soigner les refugies et les nouveaux arrivants a lere post-COVID-19: Revue des donnees probantes et conseils pour les MF et les professionnels de la sante
Caring for refugees and newcomers in the post-COVID-19 era: Evidence review and guidance for FPs and health providers
Patients' cultures
Socioeconomic determinants of health


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Advice for students so they don't sound silly in emails (essay)


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Tickets for Samford University's Step Sing 2017 show go on sale Friday, Jan. 27 at 9 a.m. CST.
Tickets will be available for purchase online. Orchestra level tickets are $30, and balcony level tickets are $35.
There will be four Step Sing performances at Leslie S. Wright Fine Arts Center. The performances will take place Feb. 9–11 at 7 p.m. and Feb. 11 at 2 p.m. A limited number of tickets will be available for the Saturday evening show.
The Step Sing Sweepstakes Trophy will be presented after the Saturday evening show.
Before Friday night's show, the Office of Alumni Programs will host a reception, 5:30–7 p.m., in Jane H. Brock Recital Hall adjacent to Wright Center. Alumni can enjoy light appetizers, photos with the sweepstakes trophy, Step Sing memorabilia—including favorite costumes from years past—and the filming of the live stream countdown show.
Those who cannot attend the performances will be able to live stream the Thursday, Friday and Saturday evening performances. A live stream countdown show will start at 6:30 p.m. for the Friday and Saturday evening performances.
Step Sing is a 67-year tradition that started as a sing-along on the steps of Renfroe Hall at Howard College's East Lake Campus in 1951. Today, students continue to gain an educational experience through arranging music, designing costumes and choreographing each unique Step Sing performance, according to Paige Acker, director of student activities and events.
Erin Bognar is a journalism and mass communication major and a news and feature writer in the Division of Marking and Communication.


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SAINTS IN LONDON 2016
On December 3, 2016 December 7, 2016 By saintsinlondon2016
Today started off with a little sneak peak of one of the biggest and luxurious departmental stores in London – Harrods. We had afterall to pass it on our way to the Singapore High Commission. The minute I stepped out of Knightsbridge station, I was greeted by the dazzling Christmas lights that lined the streets of Knightsbridge, the latest collection of Burberry purses systematically organised behind well-polished windows and rows of high-end fashion brands seducing the eyes of the girls (and some of the boys too).
We spent a few moments spazzing over non-existent retail therapy and said our reluctant goodbyes as we proceeded to walk around the red-bricked townhouses that are a feature of the Knightsbridge area. Most of the houses have carved intricate designs of angels on their front porch and christmas decorations placed across their small backyards. Along the way to the High Commission we passed by an old, green tea hut made of wood where in the past London cabbies would stop for their break. .
Upon reaching the High commissioner's place, we were honoured to have Mr Chai Wen Wai the Deputy High Commissioner talk to us. He explained the impact of Brexit on Commonwealth countries like Singapore, the free trade agreements made across countries and even advised on the requirements needed to join MFA. Most of us didn't even know that MFA also offers a limited number of JC internships. At the end of our briefing most of us were enlightened via the insights he provided us on the economic and social impacts of Brexit. We also had a better idea of Singapore's long-standing relationship with the UK. We left with a clearer understanding of what it meant to be a diplomat, as well as the difficulties foreign students might face.
His talk also gave me a sense of what studying in London and getting a stable job here, after university, would be like. That it would no longer be as simple and straightforward as before. I learnt that in previous years, foreign students were given 2 years after graduating, to look for jobs but these days, unless the students' visas are sponsored by companies, they are only given 6 months before they have to return home.
Despite this, many foreigners are not deterred as prestigious universities in the UK like Oxford and Cambridge offer appealing courses that may not be available elsewhere, this would mean that there is a greater competition amongst students in getting scholarships and positions in the universities. I guess I should start on my holiday homework if I'm to even dream about studying in London.
After the High Commission we once again travelled by Tube as we made our way to lunch at Mother Mash. We had to pass through Piccadilly Circus (which sadly we were not given a chance to explore). Piccadilly Circus seems like a very intriguing place to be in as there were street performers like the woman dressed in a royal gown fully painted in gold, the "floating" Yoda and more. The streets were lined with shops and theatres.
After a hearty lunch of sausages and mashed potatoes (not forgetting the extra vegetables the teachers never fail to order for us) we visited Westminster Abbey, with intentions of touring the interior. However, due to unforeseen circumstances we were unable to enter as they were holding a special service.
Despite this, we still managed to attend Evensong, sung by the chorister of Westminster Abbey. I walked in expecting it to be a simple, humble setting but I was amazed at the extraordinary statues carved out in such excruciating detail, in memory of noblemen and others who have made a mark in history. Such figures include Winston Churchill, Isaac Newton and Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. The choir sang hymns with such beauty their angelic voices resonated against the towering concave ceilings and surrounded us with grace. It was apparently relatively smaller gathering compared to the usual service, however, I can safely say that the passion displayed by the choir was brought forth in their songs of worship , gave everyone goose-bumps. The congregation sat in silence while the officiants read out verses from The Book of Isaiah. I have attended mass in churches before even though I am a Christian, the Evensong that I attended was different than what I had experienced before: In Singapore, they do not have the choir singing the Lord's Prayer and the responses, most churches just request the congregation to speak out the responses. Overall, Evensong was inspiring because the dedication that they displayed warmed my heart to know that they find great joy in serving the Lord.
Later on in the day, we briskly made our way to the final stop for today – The British Museum (where Night at the Museum III was filmed ).
Taking the tube in the evening proved to be rather stressful because it was crowded and people were all shoving and carelessly bumping into others. Nevertheless we got to the museum on time. The British Museum has so many displays ranging from philosophy to ancient Egyptian mummies. It was certainly much bigger than I expected (think of National Museum back home, multiply that by 20) and it is supported by a whole row of towering pillars.
Inside, we broke into smaller groups and were given the freedom to choose which exhibition to look at. My group decided to visit the Enlightenment exhibition where we saw statues belonging of Greek mythology like Apollo. We managed however to give ourselves a quick tour of the ancient Egypt exhibition where we learned the art of mummification, looked at real-life mummies of the people and cats, learned about artefacts that were uncovered in Egypt. .
They say you learn new things every day, today was definitely insightful and entertaining as I managed to learn more about the history of Westminster Abbey, learned about mummification and got to look at real-life mummies!
London has been a great experience for me so far, it is a place so rich in history, 10 days will never be enough for me to learn all about it. I hope this will be a motivation to myself , to work harder so that in the future, I will be able to re-visit this city. I want to continue exploring various parts of the world and continuously acquire knowledge outside the boundaries of Singapore and Indonesia.
-Gabriela Latip
Day 9 December 6, 2016


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a knight's quest
A Knight's Quest Begins Today
Peter Paltridge a knight's quest, indie games, sky 9 games, video games 0
Sky 9 Games' A Knight's Quest is officially out there. The open-world adventure game is described by the studio as a love letter to the Zelda series, and it shows.
A Knight's Quest Gets October 10 Release Date
A Knight's Quest, the open-world adventure love letter to the Zelda series developed by Sky 9 Games, now has a release date. And it's….shockingly soon! Sky 9 has announced its date of release as next Thursday, October 10.
A Knight's Quest Venturing Onto Consoles And PC This Fall
Toronto-based studio Sky 9 Games will soon be introducing the world to A Knight's Quest, their open-world adventure game that's a big love letter to the Zelda series.


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Basic Layout of a Benedictine Monastery
Note: as in my other post, I'm using "religious" as a term to refer to monks and nuns.
Norton Priory floor plan. Original 12th century buildings on the left, 13th century expansions on the right.
[Espresso Addict, 2010, Source: Wikimedia Commons]
-Benedictine monasteries were centered around a cloister or courtyard. This was the space everyone passed through to get anywhere else in the monastery, but it was also where the inhabitants of the monastery performed certain tasks such as reading, laundry, and perhaps writing. In northern European monasteries, the walkways around the sides would have walls or windows to keep them warmer.
-The church (A-E) was almost always on the north side of the monastery, allowing it to face east (very important) and preventing it from blocking the sun from the cloister. If the terrain didn't allow that, it was built in the south instead, though in northern Europe especially this made the cloister even colder.
-The sacristy (H), where everything necessary for performing Mass was kept, and the chapter house (I), where the religious held their chapter meetings were located next to the church along the east side of the cloister.
-The dormitory was located on the upper floor of the east side of the cloister, often with the latrines (L) at the south end. Underneath this was the undercroft. This may have been where the scriptorium was located, though a lack of light might have caused problems.
-The refectory (J), where the religious ate took up the south side of the cloister. In Cistercian monasteries, this was generally perpendicular, to allow for a kitchen (Q) and warming room (unmarked) by the cloister as well. In other monasteries the kitchen was generally attached to the refectory but not the cloister.*
-The buildings along the western side of the cloister could be used for a number of things. Many monasteries used them for storage. Cistercian male monasteries used this space as a dormitory for their lay brothers.
-Other buildings** would be located outside this general group and did not have a standard location.
It's important to remember that none of this was set in stone (pardon the pun). It was more of a starting point. Builders could and did rearrange things to fit the terrain and add buildings to suit the needs of the monastery.***
*This had the advantage that if the kitchen caught fire, it would be less likely to spread to the rest of the monastery. Fire, particularly kitchen fires were one of the major reasons monasteries had to rebuild.
** For example, Abbot's/Abbess's House, infirmary, guest house, and school if the monastery had any of these.
***At least in drawing up the plans. Moving buildings after they had been constructed would have been a bit difficult.
Finally, for reference, a Cistercian monastery:
Kirkstall Abbey. For an exact match up of numbers and buildings, try the Wikipedia page.
[Adrian de Montfort, Kirkstall Online, Source: Wikimedia Commons]
Lawrence, C. H. Medieval Monasticism. London: Longman, 1984.
Stalley, Roger. Early Medieval Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
For an example of a monastery with only slight differences, look at the St. Gall Plan.
For an example of a monastery where the builders started with this basic layout in mind and then had to deviate strongly from it, look at the floor plan of Mont St. Michel in France: Upper Level, Lower Level. (It's in French. I couldn't find an English version.)
I don't know if you still update this blog, but what building is F?
(I don't really update anymore, but I do keep a little bit of an eye on the blog.)
Here's the thing about building F: in the case of Norton Priory, the example image here, it seems to have been the Cellarer's Range, at least before the 13th century expansion. In other words, it was a store room.
But that wasn't always the case in every monastery. I touched on this briefly in the post (and forgot to label it, oops, it's the second to last bullet point), but if you're talking in general terms and unless you're talking about the Cistercians, the only simple answer is that we just don't know. It could well have varied widely and we just don't have a lot of evidence to say. My personal guess is that a lot of the time it was used as a storage space, simply because of how close it was to both the kitchen and the cloister. A common theory is that the scriptorium might have been located in the undercroft, under the dormitories (at K, across the cloister from F), but given the problems with lighting that kind of space, I'd also be willing to believe some monasteries put the scriptorium on the west side at F.
There's no single definitive answer there, but I quite like the range of possibilities.
weee link


In April 1982, Argentina surprised the world by invading the Falkland Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. The tiny islands had long been the subject of a fierce territorial dispute between Argentina and the UK, and the occupation quickly escalated into a terrifying full-blown conflict between the two countries. "Part One - Fatal Miscalculations - The Killing Begins", the first volume, describes the response to the invasion: amidst a round of defence cuts, the armed services were asked to conduct a war half-a-world away. How did they meet the logistical challenge? How did the first engagements with the enemy match expectations? Drawing upon the vast resources of the Imperial War Museum's Sound Archive, "Forgotten Voices of the Falklands" presents the first complete oral history of the Falklands War. This audio book is a unique and essential chronicle of the conflict from all sides and perspectives, told in the participants' own voices.


FALL RIVER — On January 7th, 2018 at approximately 3:50 a.m., officers of the Fall River Police Departments Uniform Division were dispatched to Irving and Pleasant Streets in regards to an armed robbery. Officer Timothy Magan, along with Sergeants' Bryan Nadeau and Brett Kimball, were then redirected to the intersection of Albion and Downing Streets, because the victim had moved from the area.
The 26-year-old female victim told responding officers that she received a text message from a friend asking her to bring cigarettes to the intersection of Irving and Pleasant Streets. The complainant stated she bought cigarettes, and when she arrived at the intersection, her friend was already there waiting. The victim stated that when she removed the cigarettes from her pocket, $80 became visible for a moment. The victim stated the suspect reached into her pocket and took the money. The victim reached out to retrieve the money, but the suspect brandished a knife.
The victim told officers that she asked the suspect, "You're really gonna stab me over $80?" The suspect replied, "You're really gonna get stabbed over $80." The victim stated she ran from the area and contacted police.
A friend of the victim informed officers that the victim made arrangements to buy heroin at 2:00 a.m. at the Irving and Pleasant Street intersection. On arrival at the intersection, the victim told the friend she was robbed by 'Cassie'.
The suspect is identified as 28-year-old Cassandra McElroy. She is described as a female, approximately 5'3" in height, 130 pounds with blonde hair and hazel eyes. Officers responded to her last known address on Irving Street, but were unable to locate her.
Anyone with information on the whereabouts of Cassandra McElroy is asked to contact Officer Timothy Magan (Tmagan@FRPD.ORG), the Fall River Police Department at (508) 676-8511, or the 'TIPS' line at 508-672-TIPS (8477).


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Alexander Armstrong 9am - 12pm
Hebrides Overture (Fingal's Cave) Opus 26 Felix Mendelssohn Download 'Hebrides Overture (Fingal's Cave) Opus 26' on iTunes
Ludwig van Beethoven (1712-73) Beethoven's grandfather
He was born in Malines in Flanders, the son of a master baker. At the age of five he became a student at a choir school, where he stayed for eight years
In 1725, aged 13, he began lessons on the organ and was soon playing in services in various churches. In 1731 he was appointed choir director at the church of St Pierre at Louvain, and the following year he was singing bass at the cathedral of St Lambert in Liège.
In March 1733 - almost certainly at the request of Clemens August, elector of Cologne and Münster - he left Flanders for Germany.
He went first to Cologne and then Bonn, where he was appointed court musician as bass singer.
In 1761, at the age of 49, he was appointed court Kapellmeister, in charge of all Bonn's official musical activities, a position he held until his death at the age of 61.
In September 1733 he married Maria Josepha Poll; they had three children, of whom only one - Johann - survived.
In addition to his musical activities, Kapellmeister Beethoven established a profitable wine business. Probably not unconnected with this, his wife was to become an alcoholic, which resulted in her being placed in a clinic until her death in 1775 ... and his son Johann was ultimately to descend into alcoholism too.
Kapellmeister Beethoven's last known role was as "Brunero, contadino e tamburino" in Lucchesi's L'Inganno scoperto, performed on 13 May 1773 for the Elector's birthday.
He died on the evening of 24 December 1773.
He was described by Beethoven's childhood friend Franz Wegeler as 'a man short of stature, muscular, with extremely animated eyes [who] was highly respected as an artist.'
A portrait of the Kapellmeister by the Electoral Court painter Radoux hung on the wall of the Beethoven's home during Ludwig's childhood. In 1801 he wrote to Wegeler from Vienna asking him to send the portrait by mail coach to him - the only object he ever asked to be forwarded from Bonn to Vienna. The portrait hung on the walls of Beethoven's lodgings for the rest of his life.
He was particularly close to his grandfather, retaining fond memories of him throughout his life, although he was only a week past his third birthday at the time of the old man's death.
Wegeler writes: 'Little [Ludwig] clung with great affection to [his] grandfather ... and even though he lost him so soon, he retained the most vivid, early impression of him. He was fond of talking about his grandfather with his childhood friends, and his pious and gentle mother, whom he loved much more than his very strict father, was often obliged to tell him about his grandfather.'


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Hirsch : Estate Wines Japan, Delivers wine, gifts, champagnes anywhere in Japan.
The secret of the Hirsch estate's success in largely based upon the complementary cooperation of generations within the winery: Josef Hirsch tends the vineyards trusting in his experience and insight regarding the processes of nature while his son Johannes makes and matures wines that showcase his feeling, taste and talent as a winemaker.The products of the harmonious cooperation are juicy and agreeable wines that stand out due to their distinctive aromas, their complexity and firm structure and, finally, their fine balance.
Though they have and use "state of the art"-equipment in their cellar, they also make use of such quality-enhancing methods, that have been used to produce great wines for centuries – harvesting in small crates, gentle processing of the grapes, fermentation with natural yeasts and doing without chemical intervention as well as bottling late.
Being ahead of ones time is often a result of counter-cyclical action. Just at a time when the red wine boom was at its peak, the Hirsch family, that had produced good red wines for several decades, decided to concentrate on two white varieties only.
Naturally the family picked those two varieties that thrive best in the Kamp Valley and that can potentially produce wines of world class: Grüner Veltliner und Riesling.
The estate's top vineyard sites offer perfect geological and microclimatic preconditions for culitvating these two varieties, thus producing wines the clear-cut varietal characters of which are embedded with the distinctive regional profile of the Kamp Valley.
It is far better to work with nature, than to try to fight it.
For decades now Josef Hirsch has followed his creed.
In the vineyards he exclusively uses natural fertilizers which he gets from his old friend and companion Robert Paget who is a artisan cheesemaker. The goats and buffalos that produce the high-quality milk used for Paget's cheeses are also the source for the top-class natural fertilizers applied in the Hirsch estate's vineyards. Additionally, all of the vineyards are farmed sustainably, using integrated pest management methods to control pests and at the same time to minimize the negative effects on beneficial insects, thus creating a basis for a funtioning agro-ecosystem in which natural predator-prey-communities exist.


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Boris Johnson [Photo Credit: @BorisJohnson]
Brexit: Britain, EU begin new era of relations
Writing in the Telegraph newspaper on Friday, Prime Minister Boris Johnson described deal as a "big win for both sides of the Channel."
byAgency Report
Four-and-a-half years after a British referendum on membership in the European Union (EU), Brexit is finally reality after Britain left the single market at the stroke of midnight CET (2300 GMT) on New Year's Eve.
Never before had an EU member state filed for divorce.
The separation took years of messy negotiations before finally, at the last moment, a breakthrough trade deal worth 660 billion pounds (900 billion dollars) was struck on Christmas Eve.
Writing in the Telegraph newspaper on Friday, Prime Minister Boris Johnson described it as a "big win for both sides of the Channel."
"For us, it means the end of the rancorous bickering about 'Europe' that has bedevilled our politics for so long," he said.
"It means the end of that uneasy feeling that we were constantly being asked to sign up for the details of a project – a giant federal fusion of states – in which we didn't really believe and hadn't really bargained for."
But he added that the new deal does not mean Britons "will be less European," echoing comments his father, Stanley, gave to a French radio station on New Year's Eve.
"On the contrary, we will remain the second-biggest contributor to NATO … with our armed services fortified in the recent spending review with the biggest-ever uplift since the Cold War," he added.
The pact averts tariffs and quotas on goods, sparing businesses on both sides seismic upheaval.
As of New Year's Day, the two closely intertwined partners began a new era in their relations of much looser cooperation, governed mainly by the new Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA).
Freedom of movement to live and work has ended, though short-term travel stays largely visa-free.
Goods will be more heavily controlled, both at British-EU frontiers and within Britain – at the Irish sea border between Northern Ireland and Great Britain.
Businesses on both sides now have to jump through hoops to prove they qualify for tariff exemption. Moreover, key decisions are still to be made deciding the fate of many service sector companies.
However, the much-feared backlogs of goods at borders due to increased red tape was not immediately visible. Early January is a typically slow moment for freight.
Over in Folkestone, in the south-eastern county of Kent, Slavi Ivanov Shumeykov was the first driver through the Eurotunnel just after 11 pm on Thursday, the Press Association said.
John Keefe, the spokesperson for the tunnel's operator, told dpa that Shumeykov was "so thrilled" to be the first driver through the tunnel.
"He was returning to Belgium after making a delivery to the UK," he said.
Speaking about the traffic this morning, Keefe added it had been "very light" overnight and on Friday.
"Our customers predicted all the stockpiling before Christmas in preparation for the end of the transition, traffic would be light for the first weeks of January," he told dpa.
"The new barcode scanning and numberplate recognition systems [installed for Brexit] showed that they don't add any time to the journey for a truck through the Channel tunnel."
ALSO READ: Brexit: Scotland will soon return to EU – First minister
A last-minute deal between Spain and Britain struck on Thursday also allows for continued free movement between Gibraltar and Spain.
As the first day of the new year progressed, the blocked roads and delays to international transport many had feared also failed to materialize in northern France.
A spokesperson for the department there told dpa that traffic was flowing smoothly across the channel. French Minister for European Affairs Clement Beaune said things were running as well as possible, in comments to French news agency AFP.
The first ferry carrying lorries reached Calais from Britain on Friday morning, and only three of the 36 were subject to additional checks.
Calais port chief Jean-Marc Puissesseau told dpa before the turn of the year that traffic should run almost as normal, if customs declarations were complete. Otherwise, additional checks would be carried out if companies failed to complete the paperwork, he said.
(dpa/NAN)
EPL: Everton start 2021 on losing note
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Nigeria to build six new prisons
Uganda's Museveni declared winner of presidential election
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Man. United 2-1 Aston Villa: United go joint-top with Liverpool


Situational Awareness Institute is all about Training. When you find yourself in a stressful situation, you go back to what you have been trained to do. Training needs to be easy to remember and simple to act upon. It must be practiced on a regular basis in order to be clearly recalled when needed. With training comes confidence, and with confidence comes a sense of peace. A quiet inner stillness that knows that if you are suddenly thrust into a violent situation, you know what to do and how to do it.
At Situational Awareness Institute, we have encapsulated our mission within our logo. Please watch the following video that puts our message front and center. Enjoy!