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Alumni Video Profiles
Health Policy Fellows Directory
Class of 2020-2021 RWJF Fellows Announced
June 10, 2020 | News
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) today named the 2020-2021 class of RWJF Health Policy Fellows. Beginning in September, six health professionals will spend a year in Washington, D.C., working on health-related legislative and regulatory issues with members of Congress and the executive branch.
The fellows were chosen in a national competition for highly accomplished health and behavioral/social science professionals who have an interest in health policy. Their experiences in Washington will enrich their understanding of federal policy formation and how federal and state governments relate to the mission of their home institutions and local communities. The fellowship program will commence with an intensive three-month orientation, followed by a nine-month assignment in a congressional office or the executive branch, where the fellows will be involved in health-related legislation and policy development. After their Washington assignment, the fellows will continue to receive support to sustain their development as health policy leaders.
"COVID-19 has been a jarring reminder of the central role that public health, health care, and health policy play in all of our lives. Now, more than ever, it is essential that policy decisions are informed by people with extensive front-line experience," said Gregg Margolis, director of the RWJF Health Policy Fellows Program at NAM. "We are proud to bring these six exceptional and accomplished professionals to Washington, D.C., at this critical time. Their deep experience offers an essential perspective, and will help create better policy options, and improve the health of the nation for years to come."
The 2020-2021 fellows are:
Catherine Cerulli, JD, PhD, professor of psychiatry, and director of Laboratory of Interpersonal Violence and Victimization & the Susan B. Anthony Center at the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
Michael Dulin, MD, PhD, professor, department of public health sciences, and director of Academy for Population Health Innovation, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina
Stephanie Gibbs, JD, director of system transformation and innovation, long-term services and supports, division of TennCare, State of Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee
Walter Greenhalgh, MD, director of National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, National Capital Region Medical Directorate, Defense Health Agency, Bethesda, Maryland
Carolyn A. Mendez-Luck, PhD, MPH, associate professor, health management and policy, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
Judy Schaechter, MD, MBA, chair and chief of service of pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine & Jackson Health System, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
The RWJF Health Policy Fellows program is the nation's most prestigious learning experience at the nexus of health, science, and policy in Washington, D.C. Since 1973, this non-partisan fellowship has offered exclusive, hands-on policy experience with the most influential congressional and executive offices in the nation's capital. Over 280 fellows from across the nation have worked hand-in-hand with the best and brightest in federal health policy to gain an insider's perspective of the political process, develop unmatched leadership skills, and build a professional network that lasts a lifetime. As chancellors and deans at major academic institutions; presidents of professional societies and voluntary health organizations; leaders in local, state and federal government; and experts at think tanks and advocacy groups, fellows transform the nation's health care policy and practice. For more information, visit www.healthpolicyfellows.org.
For more than 45 years, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has worked to improve health and health care. RWJF is working alongside others to build a national Culture of Health that provides everyone in America a fair and just opportunity for health and well-being. For more information, visit www.rwjf.org. Follow the foundation on Twitter at www.rwjf.org/twitter or on Facebook at www.rwjf.org/facebook.
The National Academy of Medicine, established in 1970 as the Institute of Medicine, is an independent organization of eminent professionals from diverse fields including health and medicine; the natural, social, and behavioral sciences; and beyond. It serves alongside the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering as an adviser to the nation and the international community. Through its domestic and global initiatives, the NAM works to address critical issues in health, medicine, and related policy and inspire positive action across sectors. The NAM collaborates closely with its peer academies and other divisions within the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
Press release source: here.
← Class of 2019-2020 RWJF Fellows Announced
The Call For Applications is now closed and will reopen in September 2021
RWJF Health Policy Fellows
Culture of Health
Innovation to Incubation
Leadership Consortium
Rosenthal Symposium
A national program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,
with direction and technical assistance provided by the National Academy of Medicine
© Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Fellows.


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Salem man gets 29 years in prison for shooting, trying to kill police officer
Whitney Woodworth
Eight months after being shot four times during a traffic stop, Salem Police Officer Michelle Pratt spoke in court in front of the man who tried to murder her.
She recounted sleepless nights of nightmares and pain, the images seared into her memory, and the stress of calling her children to tell them she'd been shot.
"Those are things that'll stay with me forever," Pratt testified Friday in Marion County Circuit Court.
About 50 uniformed police officers and family members packed the courtroom as Jaime Lee Jimenez — the 39-year-old Salem man already convicted of trying to kill her — was sentenced to 28 years and nine months in prison.
Previous coverage:Tourniquet, ballistic vest save life of veteran Salem Police officer
He received the "absolute statutory maximum" for the attempted murder, according to prosecutor Matthew Kemmy. For the bulk of his sentence, Jimenez will be ineligible for early release.
He was found guilty of the premeditated, attempted aggravated murder following a stipulated facts trial in December before Marion County Judge Thomas Hart.
He also pleaded guilty to four counts of second-degree assault, illegal possession of a firearm by a felon and dealing methamphetamine within 1,000 feet of a school.
The shooting happened without warning.
Pratt was patrolling solo on May 14 around 8:30 p.m. when she pulled over a minivan being driven by Jimenez on the 500 block of Highland Avenue NE.
After running the license plate, Pratt learned the minivan was connected to an area property theft.
Inside the van, Jimenez told his female passenger, "Oh, here we go." A loaded .45-caliber handgun was tucked beneath his leg.
A convicted felon, Jimenez had an active warrant for domestic violence. He also had a felony amount of methamphetamine — almost 24 grams — in the vehicle.
Pratt approached the minivan and started talking with Jimenez and his passenger.
Jimenez suddenly attacked, shooting Pratt at close range before speeding away.
Bullets struck her left arm and both legs. As she ran, Jimenez shot her again in the back. Her ballistic vest stopped the round.
Support local journalism: Stay up on criminal justice news and trends with reporter Whitney Woodworth. Become a Statesman Journal subscriber and get unlimited digital access to stories that matter.
Kemmy described the shooting as an "ambush" and a "cowardly act."
After being shot, Pratt ran to her patrol vehicle for cover, then radioed for help and self-administered a tourniquet until backup arrived.
Police officials recounted how she calmly gave a suspect description and told dispatch where he'd fled.
Jimenez drove four blocks north on Broadway before abandoning the minivan.
Massive manhunt unfolds
As Pratt was taken to Salem Hospital, more than a 100 officers, including members of Salem's SWAT team and those from neighboring police departments, descended upon the neighborhood.
Nearby streets were closed as officers searched with dogs and advised residents to stay inside and lock their doors.
"This is a manhunt now and a matter of public safety," Salem police spokesman Lt. Treven Upkes said the night of the shooting. "If they are willing to shoot at a police officer, they'll be willing to shoot at others."
Pratt's husband, Salem Police Sgt. Jacob Pratt remembered getting the call — a call "no husband or wife of a police officer ever wants to get."
PHOTOS:Salem police officer shooter sentenced to more than 28 years
He was told his wife was shot but alive. He hung up and rushed to the hospital.
Michelle Pratt recounted seeing the crushing look of "relief and sadness" on her husband's face when he finally saw her.
Jacob Pratt said countless off-duty officers and those from other agencies came forward to help and respond to other calls for service.
Their hours-long search led police to the East Broadway Apartments, where Jimenez was hiding.
The Mobile Command Unit was set up at Highland Elementary School, which remained closed through the next day.
Meanwhile, Jimenez called 9-1-1 and a tactical negotiations team worked to have him peacefully taken into custody. The team was usually lead by Jacob Pratt and the irony was not lost on him.
"He had just tried to kill my wife and my team was doing their damnedest to save his (life)," Jacob Pratt said.
After an hour of negotiation, Jimenez was arrested just before 9 a.m. on May 15. Amanda Cayetano, 35, of Salem, who had fled to the apartment with Jimenez, was also arrested.
Pratt was released from the hospital later that morning.
Jimenez was charged with attempted aggravated murder, four counts of second-degree assault, illegal possession of a firearm by a felon, delivery of methamphetamine and delivery of methamphetamine within 1,000 feet of a school.
Cayetano was charged with vehicle theft and hindering prosecution. She later pleaded guilty to hindering prosecution and was given probation.
Crime:Salem man justified in shooting death of stepson, gets probation for weapons charge
According to court records, Jimenez had a decades-long criminal history of domestic violence convictions and methamphetamine use.
He was accused of strangling and assaulting a woman in December 2018. A grand jury indicted him on three counts of fourth-degree assault and one count of strangulation constituting domestic violence.
A warrant was issued for his arrest on April 16. The domestic violence case remains open.
During his arraignment two days after the shooting, a judge ordered that Jimenez be held without bail, deeming him a flight risk and a risk to public safety.
Salem Police Chief Jerry Moore lauded Pratt's professionalism, courage, composure and quick reaction during the shooting.
"We know that in policing there is no such thing as a routine traffic stop — and, yet, every day our officers put on their uniform and protect this community no matter the call," Moore said in a statement.
Pratt, 51, has been described as a veteran of the department.
She joined the department in 2005 as a volunteer advocate on the Domestic Violence Response Team and later worked as a community service officer.
In June, Pratt was awarded a Purple Heart award for her service. She remains assigned to the patrol division.
A danger to society
Three days before Jimenez was scheduled to stand trial, he waived his right to a jury trial. Instead, he signed a motion agreeing to a series of facts summarized by prosecutors.
Previous coverage:Salem man found guilty of shooting, trying to murder police officer
After reviewing a summary of the facts, two surveillance videos of the shooting and the police report, Judge Hart found Jimenez guilty of deliberately, and with premeditation, trying to murder Pratt during the course of her official duties as a police officer.
"You made that choice," Hart said. "It's kind of a no-brainer when I'm looking at the smoke coming out of the end of the gun."
Kemmy argued for a sentenced of more than 32 years in prison, citing Jimenez's extensive criminal history and the severity of his crime.
Had Jimenez's attempt on Michelle Pratt's life been successful, he would be facing the death penalty, Kemmy said.
If not for her ballistic vest, the community would have lost Pratt, a respected officer and mother of five. Kemmy said the justice system has the responsibility to protect the community from a person like Jimenez.
"He is, in fact, a danger to society," he said.
Nationally, dozens of police officers were killed in the line of duty in 2019.
"I was one of the fortunate ones who survived," Michelle Pratt said.
She said she and her fellow officers are human, people who know the inherent risk of their jobs.
"We take our responsibility seriously," she told the packed courtroom. "We put ourselves out there regardless of the risk."
Crime:West Salem father gets 15 years in prison for shaking, injuring infant son
Jacob Pratt said such a brazen attack demanded a lengthy sentence.
"This is the opportunity to send a message — not just to the coward sitting here today — but to the law enforcement community that these attacks will not be tolerated," he said.
Jimenez apologizes to officer
Jimenez's attorney Mark Brownlee argued for a shorter sentence and more opportunity for his client to rehabilitate and earn early release.
"He has stood at this table and has taken responsibility knowing he was facing a significant sentence," he said.
Brownlee said Jimenez grew up bouncing from the care of relatives to foster homes. He was the victim of abuse and learned not to trust authority. He said Jimenez was scared and panicked when Michelle Pratt pulled him over.
Wearing navy blue jail scrubs and reading from a yellow-ruled notebook page, Jimenez stood in court and apologized.
"I'm truly sorry for the pain I caused you," he told Pratt. "There's no excuse. I'm ashamed of my actions that day."
Jimenez said he was "in a dark place" leading up to the shooting but had spent eight months clean and sober. He promised to spend his time in prison well.
"I plan on doing everything I can to improve myself and help others," he said.
Before delivering the sentence, Judge Hart recounted the "bone-chilling" evidence presented at trial — the surveillance videos, the remarks Jimenez made to his passenger before shooting Pratt and the graphic photos of her injuries.
Video:Salem Police Officer Michelle Pratt receives Purple Heart award
"It was a miracle or an act of God that it wasn't worse than it was," Hart said.
The shooting frightened and terrorized Pratt, her family, Salem police and the entire community, he said.
That chaos and violence, Hart said, "is not something that is really tolerated in this community."
For questions, comments and news tips, email reporter Whitney Woodworth at wmwoodwort@statesmanjournal.com, call 503-399-6884 or follow on Twitter @wmwoodworth

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Grand Finale
Since the beginning of the year, the Patchogue Medford Music department here in the high school has proved to people that it is a force to be reckoned wi...
The Service Component of NHS
Julia Keiffert, Staff Reporter
On May 23rd, 2018, Patchogue-Medford's National Honor Society gained new members. Although the newcomers were primarily juniors, a few seniors were inducted...
ALS Challenge
Back in 2014, the most popular online challenge was the ALS Ice Bucket challenge. This challenge consisted of filling a large bucket with lots of wate...
Letter from (the new) Editor in Chief
The Patchogue-Medford High School newspaper, The Red and Black, has been around since 1928. Over the last two years, the paper was revamped and has taken ...
Exploring our AFJROTC program at PMHS
For our JROTC kids at Patchogue-Medford High School, the AFJROTC program is more than just a class — it's like gaining a second family. When they ente...
Presenting Discoveries
Science is a dynamic force, constantly evolving, never dormant, and always at the forefront of humanity. Since the beginning of the school year, Patchogue-M...
It's Time for BASH
On May 4, 2018 the Raider TV crew (Justin Valverde, Stella Wilkins, Matt Correa, Nicolette Savattere, Delaney Reh, Sarah Emr, P.J. Osheske, Andres Rendon,...
Status update: PMHS Recycling Program
The recycling project started late last year and has reached some roadblocks. This was a new and innovative idea that was introduced to Patchogue-Medford...
Bringing Home the Gold!
A memorable moment for Patchogue Medford's high school newspaper, The Red and Black; The editor-in-chief, Michael Alduino, was deemed recipient of Col...
Model United Nations Take On Yale University
Anson Zhou, Staff Reporter
With the continued use and development of weapons of mass destructions along with the perpetual violation of basic human rights it is clear that the fie...
The Mohawks Power Up!
The FIRST organization, which stands for "For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology", is an international outreach program dedicated...
A Pundit and a Journalist Walk Into a Class…
Journalism, in general, is the profession of writing for a variety of platforms which ranges from magazines, newspapers, and broadcasts. The journalism ...


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Tag Archives: Gata Kamsky
Winning Slowly at Chess
Frustrate Your Opponent
Some readers may groan upon seeing the title of this post, and that's okay. I get it.
Who, when taking their first steps in chess, dreams of winning wars of attrition? Probably no one. On the contrary, I often fantasized about winning a brilliant game in a tournament hall or chess club with a crowd of people watching in awe. Okay, I admit it … I still do!
Alas, I rarely win beautiful games. Most of my wins border on the tedious side — regularly 50+ moves. When I get away from this — whether because of fatigue, laziness, or delusions of grandeur — the results are usually disastrous. I'm just a grinder, and I've finally accepted that.
Fortunately, grinding works.
Easier to Play with Black?
With the White pieces, I feel a burden to "prove something" with my advantage of the first move. This often leads to going for too much, and bad things happen.
Grinders subscribe to the "equalize first" philosophy of playing the Black pieces. There isn't any pressure to "do" anything. Even draws with peers are acceptable, though we want to win just as much as anyone else!
In the right position types, there will often be chances as Black to turn the tables on your opponent, especially if you're willing to face a mildly unpleasant initiative. For a great example of this, play through Anatoly Karpov's win against Gata Kamsky from the 1996 FIDE World Championshp Match.
Now I want to share another classic in a similar vein, also one of my favorite examples:
[Event "World Championship 12th"] [Site "Havana"] [Date "1921.04.08"] [Round "10"] [White "Lasker, Emanuel"] [Black "Capablanca, Jose Raul"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "D61"] [Annotator "Harding,Andre"] [PlyCount "136"] [EventDate "1921.03.15"] [EventType "match"] [EventRounds "14"] [EventCountry "CUB"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1999.07.01"] 1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Bg5 Be7 {The Queen's Gambit Declined! One of the very best openings for the grinder: it's solid, plodding, and gives White a slight initiative we can neutralize and then counter.} 5. e3 O-O 6. Nf3 Nbd7 7. Qc2 c5 {Now some exchanges are bound to happen (eventually), untangling Black's position. We'll then look for some kind of long-term positional advantage(s): the bishop pair, a queenside pawn majority, or weak pawn(s) to play against.} 8. Rd1 Qa5 9. Bd3 (9. cxd5 exd5 (9... Nxd5 10. Bxe7 Nxe7 11. Bd3 ) 10. Bd3 h6 (10... c4 $2 11. Bxh7+ $1 Kh8 (11... Nxh7 12. Bxe7 Re8 13. Bd6) 12. Bf5)) 9... h6 10. Bh4 cxd4 11. exd4 {Now Black has an isolated d-pawn to play against! White doesn't have the typical attacking chances the isolani grants.} (11. Nxd4 dxc4 12. Bxc4 Nb6 13. Bb3 (13. Be2 Nbd5) 13... g5 $1 (13... Nbd5 14. Bxf6 Bxf6 15. Bxd5 exd5 16. O-O {is also interesting}) 14. Bg3 Nbd5 15. O-O Nxc3 16. bxc3 Bd7 {is perfectly fine for Black.}) 11... dxc4 12. Bxc4 Nb6 13. Bb3 Bd7 14. O-O (14. Ne5 $2 Bb5 $1 {stops castling}) 14... Rac8 { Black has the initiative} 15. Ne5 Bb5 16. Rfe1 Nbd5 17. Bxd5 Nxd5 18. Bxe7 Nxe7 19. Qb3 Bc6 20. Nxc6 bxc6 {The d4-pawn is weaker than the c6-pawn, and Black hopes to play on the half-open b- and/or d-files.} 21. Re5 Qb6 22. Qc2 Rfd8 23. Ne2 (23. Re4 Nf5 24. Qd2 Rd6 {the pileup looks destined to win the d-pawn.}) 23... Rd5 24. Rxd5 cxd5 {Beautiful! Black has repaired his structure, at the same time fixing the White isolani. Now he starts to creep forward…} 25. Qd2 Nf5 26. b3 {More weak squares.} (26. g4 Nh4 {is awkward to deal with. Lashing out in this way is a recipe for disaster.}) 26... h5 $1 27. h3 (27. Ng3 Nxg3 28. hxg3 Qc6 {dominating the only open file}) 27... h4 {Squeezing more and more each move.} 28. Qd3 Rc6 29. Kf1 g6 30. Qb1 Qb4 31. Kg1 a5 {Black plans to exchange his a-pawn, and then win the remaining white queenside pawn due to his stronger pieces.} 32. Qb2 a4 33. Qd2 Qxd2 34. Rxd2 axb3 35. axb3 Rb6 36. Rd3 Ra6 {The rook can't be stopped from invading and causing even more problems.} 37. g4 hxg3 38. fxg3 Ra2 39. Nc3 Rc2 {Threatening 40…Nxd4, winning a pawn.} 40. Nd1 Ne7 41. Nc3 Rc1+ 42. Kf2 Nc6 43. Nd1 Rb1 44. Ke2 (44. Ke3 Nb4 45. Rd2 Rxb3+) 44... Rxb3 45. Ke3 Rb4 46. Nc3 Ne7 $1 {There's nothing left for this knight to do on the queenside, so back to f5 it goes, simultaneously attacking d4 and g3.} 47. Ne2 Nf5+ 48. Kf2 g5 {Stopping Nf4 and gaining space.} 49. g4 {I can't suggest anything better, but this move just gives White more weak space he can't defend.} Nd6 50. Ng1 Ne4+ 51. Kf1 Rb1+ 52. Kg2 Rb2+ 53. Kf1 Rf2+ 54. Ke1 Ra2 55. Kf1 {Black's rook and knight are as good as can be. But we need to improve ALL of our pieces!} Kg7 56. Re3 Kg6 {Like this!} 57. Rd3 {Okay. All of our pieces are as good as we can make them for the moment. What to do next?} f6 {Improve our pawns! If Black can play …e5, then after dxe5, …fxe5 he will have two connected passed pawns.} 58. Re3 Kf7 {The king supports the center pawns.} 59. Rd3 Ke7 60. Re3 Kd6 61. Rd3 Rf2+ 62. Ke1 Rg2 63. Kf1 Ra2 64. Re3 e5 65. Rd3 {Of course White doesn't take, but it doesn't matter. Black will get a passed pawn supported by all of his pieces, against little opposition.} exd4 66. Rxd4 Kc5 67. Rd1 d4 68. Rc1+ Kd5 {Lasker had seen enough.} 0-1
This entry was posted in Games, Improvement and tagged Anatoly Karpov, Calculation, Emanuel Lasker, Endgames, Famous Players, Gata Kamsky, Isolated Queen Pawn, Jose Capablanca, Middlegame, Openings, Queen's Gambit, Strategy, Tournament Play on October 19, 2020 by Andre.
Chess Tactics: Harding — NN, 2020
Isolated Queen Pawn Adventures
Today I want to show one of my recent blitz games on the Internet Chess Club (ICC). I think it is somewhat instructive, especially in the context of IQP (Isolated Queen Pawn) positions.
I have enjoyed playing the white side of IQP positions ever since I read Alexander Baburin's phenomenal Winning Pawn Structures around 20 years ago. The book contains a couple of examples right out of the Panov-Botvinnik Attack as seen in this game. Even though I usually struggle with attacking, this one felt natural because Baburin's examples are memorable.
A line related to that featured in this game also appeared in a game I praised on May 23.
r1b2rk1/ppq1bppp/4pn2/3nN3/3P4/2NB4/PP3PPP/R1BQR1K1 w - - 9 12
White to play. How did I launch a strong attack?
12.?
Attack with the IQP
[Event "ICC 5 0"] [Site "Internet Chess Club"] [Date "2020.08.02"] [Round "?"] [White "Harding, Andre"] [Black "NN"] [Result "1-0"] [ECO "D41"] [Annotator "Harding,Andre"] [PlyCount "43"] [EventDate "2020.??.??"] 1. e4 {I have been playing different opening moves, and this time decided to play e4.} c6 {The Caro-Kann, which I myself have been playing!} 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 cxd5 4. c4 {The Panov-Botvinnik Attack.} Nf6 5. Nc3 e6 {In these lines, white often accepts an isolated d-pawn but gets attacking chances. The game will likely be balanced with good play from both sides.} 6. Nf3 Be7 (6... Bb4 { is an alternative played by Karpov in the game referenced earlier.}) 7. cxd5 Nxd5 8. Bd3 Nd7 $6 {I don't like this at all. Clearly, the knight plans to go to f6, but that leaves e5 undefended! That is the ideal post for the f3-knight. } 9. O-O N7f6 10. Re1 {I didn't need to rush this. The rook might have been better on d1 if the play developed differently.} (10. Ne5) 10... O-O 11. Ne5 Qc7 {I already had a vision of the coming attack and with little hesitation offered a pawn sacrifice with} 12. Bg5 $1 Nxc3 {Black's position was already unpleasant, but now white's attack is too strong.} 13. bxc3 Qxc3 14. Re3 $1 { Threatening to win the queen with 15.Bxh7+} Qb2 (14... Qxd4 15. Bxh7+ Nxh7 16. Qxd4 Bxg5 17. Rg3 {wins}) 15. Rb1 $1 {Now the rook is protected when I move my queen to the kingside. The a2-pawn is irrelevant.} Qxa2 16. Rh3 {Preparing to take on f6, then h7, and then bring the queen to h5.} h6 (16... g6 17. Qf3 Kg7 18. Bh6+ Kg8 19. Bxf8 Kxf8 20. Rxh7 {wins}) 17. Bxh6 $1 gxh6 18. Qc1 $1 { There is no defense.} Kg7 19. Rg3+ Ng4 20. Rxg4+ Bg5 21. Rxg5+ hxg5 22. Qxg5+ { Black resigns.} (22. Qxg5+ Kh8 23. Qh6+ Kg8 24. Qh7#) 1-0
This entry was posted in Games and tagged Alexander Baburin, Anatoly Karpov, Caro-Kann, Famous Players, Gata Kamsky, Internet Chess Club, Isolated Queen Pawn, Middlegame, Openings, Panov-Botvinnik Attack, Strategy, Tactics on August 4, 2020 by Andre.
Happy Birthday, Anatoly Karpov!
My Favorite Chess Player
Anatoly Karpov was born May 23, 1951 in Zlatoust, Russia (then part of the USSR).
Anatoly Karpov, 12th World Chess Champion. Photo: World Chess Hall of Fame.
Karpov first gained widespread international attention after winning the 1969 World Junior Championship with 10 points out of 11 in the final.
He won the Moscow 1971 tournament (tied with Leonid Stein) ahead of World Champion Boris Spassky and former champs Vasily Smyslov, Tigran Petrosian, and Mikhail Tal.
Karpov's World Championship debut at the 1973 Leningrad Interzonal was a success, tying for first place with Viktor Kortschnoj, and qualifying for the Candidates Matches. The winner of the elimination series would become Bobby Fischer's Challenger in 1975.
In the 1974 Candidates Matches, Karpov defeated Lev Polugaevsky 5½—2½ in the quarterfinal and Spassky 7—4 in the semifinal to meet Kortschnoj in the final. He won this Best-of-24 match 12½—11½, setting up a showdown with Fischer in Manila, Philippines.
It was not to be. FIDE accepted all but one of Fischer's 179 match demands, but he refused to play and forfeited his title, making Anatoly Karpov the 12th World Chess Champion.
If anyone doubted the new champion, he proved his worth over the next decade by dominating matches, tournaments, and the rating list. While Garry Kasparov dethroned Karpov in the 1985 World Championship Match, he was the Number 2 player in the world through the mid-1990s.
Karpov won more than 160 international tournaments in his career, with his most resounding victory coming as late as Linares 1994. He scored 11 out of 13 (9 wins, 4 draws) in a superstar field, leaving Kasparov and Alexei Shirov 2½ points behind; one of the greatest performances ever in a top tournament.
My Favorite Anatoly Karpov Game
Anatoly Karpov could play flashy combinations, such as in his famous victory against Veselin Topalov at Linares 1994, but I most enjoy his positional masterpieces.
I began playing chess tournaments in 1996 and began receiving Chess Life magazine. Not only was Karpov's Grandmaster Musings column one of my favorites, I remember following his 1996 FIDE World Championship Match in Elista, Kalmykia against Gata Kamsky with great interest.
Game 4 from that match is a great example of why I love Karpov's chess! Enjoy!
[Event "FIDE-Wch"] [Site "Elista"] [Date "1996.06.12"] [Round "4"] [White "Kamsky, Gata"] [Black "Karpov, Anatoly"] [Result "0-1"] [ECO "B14"] [WhiteElo "2735"] [BlackElo "2770"] [Annotator "Harding,Andre"] [PlyCount "90"] [EventDate "1996.06.06"] [EventType "match"] [EventRounds "18"] [EventCountry "RUS"] [Source "ChessBase"] [SourceDate "1996.10.01"] 1. e4 c6 {The Caro-Kann became Karpov's main weapon against 1.e4 in the second half of his career.} 2. d4 d5 3. exd5 cxd5 4. c4 {The Panov-Botvinnik Attack. White ends up with an isolated queen pawn (IQP) but also more space and attacking chances. Kamsky won some nice games with this line in the 90s, including a sparkling win against Karpov himself in Game 2 of the match.} Nf6 5. Nc3 e6 {This positional treatment is not hugely popular, but can give the right player chances to outplay their opponent in the long-term.} 6. Nf3 Bb4 7. cxd5 (7. Bd3 dxc4 8. Bxc4 O-O 9. O-O b6 {transposes to the Karpov Variation of the Nimzo-Indian!}) 7... Nxd5 8. Bd2 Nc6 9. Bd3 Be7 10. O-O O-O 11. Qe2 Nf6 { Black has to be very aware to play lines like this. 11…Nxc3 would strengthen white's d-pawn, and white was threatening 12.Qe4, bringing the queen to the kingside.} 12. Ne4 Qb6 13. a3 {A common move in many openings to set up a queen trap, because it takes away the a3-square.} Bd7 {This is NOT the time to go pawn-hunting!} (13... Qxb2 $4 14. Nxf6+ $1 (14. Rfb1 $2 Nxd4 15. Nxd4 (15. Rxb2 Nxe2+ 16. Bxe2 Nxe4) 15... Qxd4) 14... Bxf6 15. Qe4 {threatening mate on h7 and getting out of the …Nxd4 threat} g6 16. Rfb1 {traps the black queen:} Nxd4 17. Rxb2 Nxf3+ 18. Qxf3 Bxb2 19. Ra2 {does not offer the second player enough compensation.}) 14. Rfd1 Rad8 15. Nxf6+ Bxf6 16. Qe4 g6 17. Be3 Ne7 $1 { This knight can blockade the d4-pawn with …Nd5 or attack it with …Nf5. It also opens a slot on c6 for the bishop to influence the long diagonal.} 18. Ne5 (18. d5 Qxb2 19. Rdb1 Qxa1 20. Rxa1 Bxa1 21. dxe6 Bxe6 {is much better for black.} 22. Qxb7 $4 Rxd3 {wins even more material:} 23. Qxe7 (23. Qb1 Rfd8 24. Qxa1 Rd1+) 23... Rd1+ 24. Ne1 Rxe1#) 18... Nf5 {White's attacking chances have been neutralized!} 19. Nc4 Qa6 20. a4 (20. Ne5 Bb5) 20... Bc6 21. Qf4 Bd5 { Compare the minor pieces from move 12 to now…} 22. Ne5 Qb6 23. Bxf5 exf5 24. Rd2 Bg7 25. h4 Rfe8 26. Qg3 Rc8 {Improving all the pieces, step by step.} 27. Nd7 Qc6 28. Nc5 b6 29. Nd3 Qd7 30. a5 Re4 $1 {Suddenly 31…Rg4 is threatened, conquering g2.} 31. Nf4 b5 {When you can't improve the pieces further, improve the pawns!} 32. Rdd1 Bc4 33. Rac1 h6 34. Rc3 b4 35. Rc2 Rc6 36. Rdc1 Bb5 37. Kh2 Kh7 38. Rxc6 Bxc6 39. Rc4 Bf8 $1 {The b8-h2 diagonal now looks more profitable for this bishop.} 40. Nd3 Qe6 41. d5 Bxd5 42. Rxe4 Bxe4 43. Bxa7 Bd6 44. Nf4 Qe5 45. Nh3 Qe7 $1 {The double attack on white's bishop and queen wins material. Kamsky resigned.} 0-1
This entry was posted in Opinion and tagged Alexei Shirov, Anatoly Karpov, Bobby Fischer, Boris Spassky, Famous Players, Garry Kasparov, Gata Kamsky, Leonid Stein, Lev Polugaevsky, Linares 1994, Mikhail Tal, Strategy, Tactics, Tigran Petrosian, Vasily Smyslov, Veselin Topalov, Viktor Kortschnoj on May 23, 2020 by Andre.


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The Working Forest - Your #1 source for forestry and forest industry news.
Ontario updating environmental assessment process
By: The Working Forest Staff
Ontario's government is modernizing its almost 50-year-old environmental assessment process by focusing on projects that pose actual, real risks to our environment and communities, streamlining approval timelines and eliminating duplication.
The government has released a discussion paper that outlines a more modern environmental assessment process, including immediate, short-term fixes to reduce the burden and serve the interest of Ontario families and communities. Our proposed modernized plan will ensure strong environmental protections, enable electronic submissions, help address duplication, streamline processes, improve service standards to reduce delays and better recognize other planning processes that have evolved over the past four decades.
"We are proposing sensible, pragmatic solutions to modernize Ontario's environmental assessment process," said Rod Phillips, Minister of the Environment, Conservation, and Parks. "Low-risk projects that have positive impacts in our communities shouldn't be held up by lengthy approvals. This review will ensure that the public's voice is heard, and the proper environmental protections are in place, particularly that climate change and increasingly extreme weather is considered in project planning."
The province is proposing to exempt low-risk projects from having to undergo an environmental assessment like all other provinces have done to focus on projects of higher risk. Low-risk activities include snow plowing and de-icing operations, constructing roadside parks and adding bike lanes. This will help reduce burden, save money and time and ensure Ontario families and communities benefit from these projects without delay. At the same time, it will free up ministry resources to focus on higher-risk activities.
Modernizing environmental assessments is one of the many recent actions the province is taking to deliver on it's Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan including:
cancelling the cap and trade carbon tax and saving money for Ontario families and businesses
ending the Drive Clean program for passenger vehicles and redesigning the emissions testing program for heavy-duty vehicles
proposing increase renewable content in gasoline by 15% as early as 2025 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions without increasing the price at the pump
proposing emissions performance standards for large industrial emitters to ensure polluters pay their fair share for their greenhouse gas emissions and help Ontario achieve its share of Canada's 2030 emissions target
releasing a waste discussion paper that proposes banning food and organic waste from landfill
proposing amendments to ensure conservation authorities focus and deliver on their core mandate protecting people, property and natural resources from the threats and impacts of extreme weather and flooding
proposing changes to the Endangered Species Act that would better enable positive outcomes for species at risk while streamlining processes where inefficiencies and uncertainty exists.
The Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan considers our province's specific priorities, challenges, and opportunities, and commits to reducing our emissions to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030, a target that aligns with the federal government's Paris commitments, without imposing a carbon tax.
"Our plan serves as proof that you can both oppose a carbon tax and continue to do more to fight climate change – you don't have to choose," said Minister Phillips, "Ontario deserves both a healthy environment and a healthy economy and we will continue to deliver on our plan a make this a reality for Ontario business and families."
Ontario's Environmental Assessment Act was created in 1975 and has remained largely unchanged, with amendments in 1996.
The environmental assessment process is paper-based, time-consuming and costly, taking five years on average for full EAs.
Ontario manages and protects 340 provincial parks and 295 conservation reserves, totaling 9.8 million hectares or nine percent of the province – an area larger than the entire province of New Brunswick.
Ontario remains committed to meeting our share of Canada's 2030 target. We have already made significant reductions: from 2005 to 2016, we reduced our emissions by about 22%.
* The Made-in-Ontario Environment Plan commits to reducing our province's emissions output to 30% below 2005 levels by 2030 without imposing a carbon tax.
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What is Zoned Storage and Why Does it Matter?
September 23, 2020 posted by engineering Category: Mechanical Engineering
A critical issue for the storage industry is coming up with innovative ways to help customers store the sheer volume, velocity, and variety of data types generated from video and the Internet of Things (IoT) to 5G, analytics, and self-driving cars. By 2024, enterprises, machines, industries, consumers, science, and more will be creating, capturing, copying, and consuming 143 zettabytes per year, according to IDC.1 How can IT scale storage architectures and produce higher-density, TCO-optimized storage devices and related technologies to serve the Zettabyte Era? Enter Zoned Storage.
Today, large-scale data-center infrastructure is moving toward open, purpose-built, scalable solutions. I sat down with Ted Marena, senior director in the Office of the CTO at Western Digital to find out more about Zoned Storage and what it means for the data center of the future.
Senior Director, RISC-V Ecosystem & Machine Learning Business Development, Western Digital
What is Zoned Storage all about?
In a nutshell, Zoned Storage enables cloud service providers and enterprise data-center customers to architect robust, highly scalable, data-storage tiers with improved quality of service (QoS) at a competitive total cost of ownership (TCO). It's an open-source, standards-based initiative to enable data centers to scale efficiently for the Zettabyte Era that's upon us.
Tell us about the inception of the Zoned Storage Initiative. What's the back story?
As organizations continue to generate vast amounts of content per year, today's data-center infrastructures struggle to keep pace and scale economically to meet demand. New innovations were needed to help data-center architects design purpose-built solutions (versus using general-purpose compute). The Zoned Storage Initiative, announced in 2019, gives developers and architects the tools and resources to intelligently place data on the media, and optimize for better performance, higher densities, predictable QoS, and most importantly, lower TCO.
There are currently two Zoned Storage technologies—shingled magnetic recording (SMR) for HDDs and zoned namespaces (ZNS) for SSDs. Both standards are supported by a unified software stack backed by Linux. Zoned Storage brings together open-source, standards-based tools, libraries, and resources, and supports a technical documentation site, ZonedStorage.io, to enable data-center architects to understand and leverage the advantages of zone block management.
The technology behind zoned block management means both host and storage applications can intelligently place data at scale to take full advantage of the highest available storage capacities in SMR HDDs and ZNS for NVMe SSDs.
What is SMR and how does it work?
SMR enables today's highest-capacity hard drives. SMR is patterned much like the shingles on a roof (Fig. 1). By overlapping or "shingling" the HDD data tracks on top of each other, much higher areal density and capacity can be achieved within the same footprint. Overlapping tracks are grouped into zones of fixed capacity for more effective data organization and partial update capability.
1. Host-managed shingled-magnetic-recording (SMR) hard-disk drives offer far more areal density and capacity than conventional HDDs. Data is overlapped in tracks that resemble shingles on a roof. Zones further increase the organization and capacity of a drive with the same footprint as a conventional drive.
Today's SMR types include device-managed SMR (DMSMR) and host-managed SMR (HMSMR) technologies, and each are designed for different applications and use cases. In both cases, the data is sequentially recorded on the HDD media. Host-managed SMR drives are purpose-built for the data center and allow for optimized performance, economies of scale, and system-level intelligence of data placement.
Tell us about ZNS SSDs. How do they work?
ZNS divides flash media into zones, where each zone is an isolated namespace. These zones can only be written sequentially, much like data written sequentially to tracks on SMR HDDs. Cloud providers can, for example, separate workloads or data types to different zones so that usage patterns are predictable among multiple users or workloads. The end result is SSDs that deliver better density and are far more efficient.
For example, Zoned Storage devices reduce the need for background garbage collection and require less over-provisioning of the media without sacrificing performance, endurance, or QoS.
What's new in the Zoned Storage Initiative?
The most recent milestone is that the ZNS command set specification has been ratified by the NVM Express consortium. This means that ZNS is now an extension of the NVMe standard. With an approved standard, ZNS-based NVMe SSDs are poised to become an integral part of the Zoned Storage device ecosystem, complementing SMR HDDs.
By enabling the sequential Zoned Storage model, ZNS allows the host and the SSD to coordinate data placement onto the SSD (Fig. 2). This provides higher write endurance, increased density, and improved I/O access latencies, while allowing technologies such as QLC NAND to proliferate.
2. Data placement in regular SSDs is sequential across tracks and is controlled by the device. ZNS SSDs feature intelligent data placement where data from each application is managed in zones for higher density and efficiency.
As data centers continues to scale, ZNS together with SMR will be critical in supporting growing storage needs.
How can companies take advantage of this new ZNS spec ratification?
Even as the ZNS Command Set specification introduces a new Zoned Storage block interface for SSDs, much of the software changes required to adopt the model are already mature. This is due to the existing SMR HDD software ecosystem accelerating the adoption of ZNS SSDs.
With a small set of changes to the software stack, users of host-managed SMR HDDs can deploy ZNS SSDs into their data centers, and new adopters can take advantage of the existing software ecosystem. They can utilize the existing open tools to accelerate support in their applications.
The unifying of the zoned block interface for both HDDs and SSDs enables software developers to support a single interface, accelerating storage deployments and ultimately taking advantage of the benefits of Zoned Storage (capacity, higher QoS, and TCO).
Why should an enterprise adopt Zoned Storage now?
Adopting a Zoned Storage approach today can enable an organization to gain a competitive advantage for a successful deployment to address the data generated from emerging workloads such as video, IoT, and self-driving cars. It may require some effort initially, but the density and TCO benefits can be substantial.
The Zoned Storage Initiative gives data-center architects the capabilities to start designing for SMR HDDs and ZNS SSDs today—not only to take advantage of the highest-capacity data-storage solutions, but to think futuristically about their long-term data strategy and optimize their workloads for higher efficiency and performance with the best possible TCO.
By leveraging a unified software stack for both SMR HDDs and ZNS SSDs, cloud providers and data-center architectures will recoup this investment and allow scale for future data growth.
What are next steps?
IT leaders must prepare for the Zettabyte Era and need economical ways to capture exponentially more data to extract more value. It's time to rethink existing architectures to enable newer technologies that give the best TCO. Zoned Storage offers a solution to redefine data centers for zettabyte scale. Check out ZonedStorage.io for tools and resources that can help organizations architect and intelligently optimize workloads for the Zettabyte Era and beyond.
1. "Source IDC Worldwide Global DataSphere Forecast, 2020–2024: The COVID-19 Data Bump and the Future of Data Growth," April 2020, DOC #US44797920.
Where COVID-19 hit hardest, sudden deaths outside the hospital increased, study finds — ScienceDaily January 18, 2021
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Scientists reveal mechanism that causes irritable bowel syndrome — ScienceDaily January 17, 2021
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Group says enhancements to the observing system are urgently needed with the accelerating pace of climatic and oceanic change — ScienceDaily January 15, 2021
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271 # latter being the normal case for tarball releases).
276 # knowing about that without us creating yet another file for it to include).
281 # unlikely to be a real problem for any real user.
298 # Create a minimal package_version file when make dist is run.


Based on immunoelectrophoresis and/or ELISA, the antibody reacts with whole molecule human IgG. It also reacts with the light chains of other human immunoglobulins. No antibody was detected against non-immunoglobulin serum proteins. The antibody exhibits inherent minimal cross-reaction to mouse serum proteins and has been tested by ELISA and/or solid-phase adsorbed to ensure minimal cross-reaction with mouse serum proteins. The antibody may cross-react with immunoglobulins from other species.


A 4-shade eye shadow palette that features sheer colors inspired by rainbow and achieves translucent eyes with dewy radiance.
Sparkling double rainbows appear when you open the compact case.
This is a four-color eye shadow set that captures the essence of the uplifting feeling you get when you see a rainbow.
Layering sheer colors one by one creates translucent eyes with a dewy radiance.
The eye shadow is colorful yet naturally blends with the skin tone, creating a translucent look like a crystal-clear sky.
Four color variations that allows you to enjoy various looks by combining colors.
1. Apply B (Light Color) on the entire eyelid using the fingertip.
2. Blend Aa or Ab (Main Color) from the lash line toward the eyelid crease using the provided wide applicator tip.
3. Apply D (Shade Color) along the upper lash line as you draw a line using the provided thin applicator tip.
4. Apply C (Nuance Color) on the lower eyelid using the provided wide applicator tip.
● When the tip and brush become dirty, gently squeeze the tip and lightly shake the brush in lukewarm water with diluted neutral detergent. After rinsing well, wipe water off with towel, reshape and dry in shade.


text:
How Tall is a Tacoma Truck?
The Toyota Tacoma comes in two different cab and bed sizes. The Access Cab has a bed that measures 41.5 inches long and 41.5 inches wide, while the Double Cab has a bed that measures 60.5 inches long and 75.2 inches wide. The Double Cab can carry up to five passengers, while the Access Cab is perfect for two.
The Toyota Tacoma is a standard-cab vehicle, while the Limited trim comes with larger wheels. Limited models are equipped with 18-inch polished alloy wheels. The Toyota Tacoma also comes with a short or long-bed option. Choosing the right bed for your Tacoma will depend on the cargo you plan to transport.
The Toyota Tacoma is a perfect work truck or daily driver. It has great interior space and a sturdy exterior stance. Its bed is large enough to fit a full crew, and the fold-down rear seat makes for easy access to cargo.
How Tall is a Toyota Tacoma in Feet?
How Tall is a Stock Toyota Tacoma?
What is the Height of a 2022 Toyota Tacoma?
How Tall is a Tacoma Truck Bed?
What is the Length of a 2022 Toyota Tacoma?
How Long is a Toyota Tacoma in Inches?
What Does Tacoma Mean?
When it comes to height and width, the Toyota Tacoma has a variety of length and width options to choose from. The base model of the Toyota Tacoma has a 7.0-inch touchscreen display, while the other models have 8.0-inch displays. In addition, the Toyota Tacoma features Android Auto and Apple CarPlay compatibility. It also features a number of USB ports. The Toyota Tacoma also offers the best scheduled maintenance plan in its class.
The Toyota Tacoma is available with Access Cab and Double Cab cabin styles. Both cab and bed options are 73.7 inches long, 41.5 inches wide, and 19.1 inches high. The passenger volume in an Access Cab with a 6-foot bed is 28.1 cubic feet, while the Double Cab with a 6-foot bed has 42.6 cubic feet of passenger volume in the rear row.
Depending on the cab style, Toyota Tacoma models can seat four passengers in an Access Cab or up to five passengers in a Double Cab. In addition, the Toyota Tacoma is available with a five-foot bed, although this does not offer nearly as much space as the Honda Ridgeline. The Toyota Tacoma also offers removable tailgates and adjustable tie-downs in the bed. A few storage compartments are located in the cabin, and the Access Cab model has under-seat bins.
READ ALSO: Who Won the Bristol Truck Race Last Night?
The Toyota Tacoma is a truck that is a popular choice for a variety of reasons. These include plenty of passenger space and the availability of many amenities. This makes it an excellent vehicle for everything from worksite grinding to weekly errands. Its luxurious interior contrasts nicely with its rugged performance. However, when it comes to measuring the height of a Toyota Tacoma, you'll need to be aware of its bed length.
The Toyota Tacoma is a compact pickup truck that is easy to maneuver and has enough passenger and cargo space. For reference, Bob Tyler Toyota in Daphne, Alabama, states that a double-cab and an Access Cab are 74.4 inches tall and 75.2 inches wide, respectively.
Toyota Tacoma models come with two bed sizes: Access Cab and Double Cab. Access Cabs have a bed length of 5 feet, while Double Cabs have six-foot beds. The size of the bed depends on the model and the cabin type. A 6-foot bed on an Access Cab can accommodate up to two adults comfortably, while a double-cab can carry four passengers.
The height of the 2022 Toyota Tacoma depends on the model. Access Cab models have a bed that is 5 feet long, while the Double Cab has a bed that is 6 feet long. The height of the Toyota Tacoma is 70.6 inches and the height of the TRD Pro is 71.6 inches. However, these are the base measurements. These figures may change depending on trim, bed size, and lift.
The 2022 Toyota Tacoma comes with a double cab, SR, and Access Cab. All cabs have four full-sized doors, and the Access Cab has a six-foot bed. The Double Cab also comes with a shorter bed, which is more suitable for cargo. The Limited and TRD Pro come only in Double Cab versions.
The TRD Pro and Trail Edition trims are available with a lifted suspension. The SR5 and TRD Pro trucks will also feature the Trail Edition package. The standard TRD Pro engine has a 2.7-liter DOHC 16-valve engine that puts out 159 horsepower and 179 lb-ft of torque. The 3.5-liter V6 is a direct-injection Atkinson-cycle engine that produces 278 horsepower and 265 lb-ft of torque.
When shopping for a new Toyota Tacoma, you need to consider how much cargo space you need in the bed of the truck. There are two options available: the Short Bed and the Long Bed. The standard bed is 19.1 inches long and 41.5 inches wide. The length of the bed is the most important factor to consider. The Short Bed is a mere 60.5 inches long, while the Long Bed is a full 73.7 inches long.
READ ALSO: Why is My Truck Jerking When I Drive?
The Toyota Tacoma is a four-door compact truck with a two-row cab and two-door Double Cab models. The Double Cab has a 5.5-foot bed and a six-foot bed. These dimensions give the Tacoma ample space to haul large items. In addition, the Double Cab has a maximum payload of 1,505 pounds. Downeast Toyota has a variety of Tacoma trucks for sale.
The length and width of a Tacoma truck bed vary from model to model. Standard Tacoma bed length is 70.6 inches, while long bed length is 73.7 inches. The length and width of the wheels are likewise determined by bed length.
The Toyota Tacoma is a mid-size pickup truck with an excellent combination of space and amenities. It is ideal for worksite grinding, weekend road trips, and weekly errands. The Tacoma's spacious interior is luxurious and contrasts nicely with its tough exterior. When you are choosing a new Tacoma, make sure to consider the length of the bed, which will impact the overall length and width of the vehicle.
The 2022 Toyota Tacoma's bed will be either six or seven feet long, depending on which cab you choose. It will come with adjustable tie-downs and a bed rail system, as well as composite inner-bed walls. It will be 212-226 inches long and seventy-five inches wide. The length of the bed will vary based on the cab and bed size, but both will be a good length for hauling things.
The 2022 Toyota Tacoma is a mid-size pickup truck that offers excellent off-road abilities and good resale value. It will feature a TRD Pro off-road package and a trail-edition package, which will include a raised suspension. It will also come in crew cab, extended cab, and two-bed lengths. It has a rear-wheel-drive system and a 3.5-liter V6 engine with 278 horsepower.
When it comes to the size of a Tacoma, the dimensions vary depending on the model year and cab style. Early models have a cargo bed that measures just 60.3 inches, while later models have a 73.5-inch bed. Moreover, the wheelbase varies depending on the cab size and bed length.
The 2020 Toyota Tacoma is the longest model yet, with a total length of 212.3 inches. The Access Cab and Double Cab are slightly longer, with the Regular Cab's bed measuring 70.2 inches longer than the Double Cab. The wheelbase is 16.0 feet. The overall length of the Toyota Tacoma varies based on the cab style and model, but it is longer than the Double Cab.
READ ALSO: How to Turn On a Truck Without Keys?
The Toyota Tacoma can carry up to five people and offers impressive storage capacity. This makes it an ideal daily driver as well as a work truck. It has a great bed and excellent fuel economy. Its standard features include a V-6 six-speed automatic transmission and a four-cylinder engine.
Tacoma is a city in Washington state, located on the Puget Sound south of Seattle. The city is home to many attractions, including the Chihuly Bridge of Glass and the Museum of Glass. The city also boasts the Tacoma Art Museum, which features Northwest regional art. Visitors to Tacoma will also enjoy the Washington State History Museum, which has a vast model railroad and hands-on exhibits.
The name Tacoma has Native American origins. The name means "that frozen water." It is a variant of Tahoma, a name taken by Puyallup Indians. Other similar-sounding names include Rama, Tahoe, Takoda, and Talmai. There are also variants of Talon and Talor.
Tacoma is home to the Tacoma Art Museum, which was established in 1935. The museum recently reopened in a new building on Pacific Avenue in Tacoma. Along with the Washington State History Museum and the Museum of Glass, it forms a "museum district" in the city. The city is also home to three theaters, including the historic Tacoma Theatre. In addition, Tacoma is home to the Puget Sound Revels, one of ten Revels organizations in the United States. The city also hosts the annual Daffodil Parade.
What Does Trim Level Mean on a Truck?
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How Much is a Tacoma Truck 2020?
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What is Trim Level on a Truck?
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How Long is Truck?


Everyone is paying close attention to Lonzo Ball these days. Even four-time NBA MVP LeBron James.
The Cleveland Cavaliers superstar went to see the much-hyped Los Angeles Lakers rookie play in a Las Vegas summer league game on Wednesday night, but it wasn't Ball's skills that caught King James' eyes. It was his shoes.
They were an outlandish purple color, but more noticeably, they weren't the Big Baller Brand model touted by his annoying dad, LaVar, and selling for the low, low price of $495. Instead, Lonzo, in just his third game as a pro, switched to wearing Nikes. And LeBron, who reportedly signed a lifetime contract to represent the Swoosh for about $1 BILLION a couple years back, was quick to let people know.
Nice, subtle caption there by LeBron as well.
As for Lonzo Ball's play, he had by far his best game since being taken by the Lakers as the 2nd pick in last month's NBA Draft, putting up 36 points, 11 assists and eight rebounds in a 103-102 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. With stats like that, those Nike kicks could be here to stay. Sorry, LaVar.


text:
\section{Introduction}

In quantum field theory (QFT), the interaction vertex between a single photon and a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermion can be characterized in terms of four electromagnetic (EM) form factors.  In the limit of vanishing momentum transfer between the photon and fermion, the form factors encode the static EM properties of the particle, namely, its charge, magnetic dipole moment, electric dipole moment, and anapole moment.\cite{bk82,nieves} For beginning graduate students in QFT, two of these moments are certainly familiar, and likely, these students have seen how, in the low-energy limit, one can establish a connection between the QFT formalism and simple Coulombic potentials or magentic dipole interactions.  In this paper, we will focus our attention upon the anapole moment - probably the least familiar static property.  Classically, the anapole moment arises as a contact quadrupole moment in a multipole expansion of the magnetic field.\cite{gray_karl_novikov}   The paradigmatic example of a classical EM source with non-zero anapole moment is a toroidal current distribution; this paradigm carries over to the quantum realm.  Using the formalism of QFT, we will effect a scattering calculation that, in the low-energy limit, will make clear that the EM analogue of the quantum anapole is a point-like toroidal solenoid.

The possibility of the anapole interaction was first noted by Zel'dovich \cite{zeldovich} after it was suggested that parity symmetry might be violated in the weak interactions.\cite{lee_yang}  He posited that the anapole moment $\mathbf{a}$, collinear with the particle's spin, interacted only with currents, $\mathbf{J}$, and not electric or magnetic fields.  The low-energy interaction Hamiltonian was thus $H_\text{int} = - \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{J}$, which prompted the analogy between the anapole and a classical toroidal solenoid.
 Experimental confirmation of parity violation \cite{wu} meant that the anapole moment was not a mere theoretical exercise, and decades later, the nuclear anapole moment of  cesium-133 was definitively extracted from a nearly dominant background of other interactions.\cite{Wood1759}

In contrast with the rich structure of a cesium nucleus, the sole static EM property of a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Majorana fermion is the anapole moment.\cite{kobzarev,bk82,nieves} Majorana fermions are self-conjugate fields; that is, there is no distinction between particle and antiparticle.  This fact severely constrains their electromagnetic interactions; they must be electrically neutral with vanishing electric and magnetic dipole moments.
In terms of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, neutrinos are the only possible  Majorana fermions.  Experiments are underway to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay which, if observed, would confirm the neutrino's self-conjugate nature.\cite{exo200}  Moving beyond the SM, theories are rife with Majorana fermions.  For example, in supersymmetry, the fermionic partners of the neutral SM gauge and Higgs bosons are manifested as Majorana fermions known as neutralinos.  If these particles are the lightest supersymmetric particle, then they are a natural candidate for the dark matter (DM) of the universe.\cite{susy_dm}
Outside of supersymmetry, there are other models of DM particles whose primary interaction is through the anapole moment,\cite{Fitzpatrick:2010br,anapole_dm1,anapole_dm2,DelNobile:2014eta} so their EM properties are germane to understanding, for instance, the relic density of DM.

In what follows, we will discuss, within the framework of QFT, the interaction vertex between a general spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermion and a single photon.  Then, narrowing our consideration to Majorana fermions, we will compute the scattering amplitude for a (spinless) charged scalar particle on a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Majorana fermion, which proceeds via the exchange of a single (virtual) photon.  In the limit of small momentum transfer, the interaction probes the anapole moment of the fermion. At such low energies, this amplitude should be equivalent to the quantum mechanical scattering amplitude for scalar particles passing near an electromagnetic target, described, in this case, by a particular magnetic vector potential.   We will find that the vector potential is consistent with a point-like toroidal solenoid.  Outside of this point-like solenoid, the magnetic field vanishes, but the vector potential does not.  As such, our scattering calculation can be used to explore the Aharonov-Bohm effect, a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which EM potentials impact the trajectory of the particle in a region with vanishing EM fields.  We find that our QFT calculation is consistent with the QM scattering for a spinless charged particle on an infinitesimally thin toroidal solenoid.

\section{Photon-fermion vertex}

In QFT, the single-photon EM interactions of a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ fermion are governed by a Lagrangian term consisting of a contraction between the fermion current $J^\mu_\text{EM} =\bar{\Psi} \Gamma^\mu \Psi$ and the photon vector field $A_\mu$.  By requiring the current to be Lorentz covariant and the overall interaction to be gauge invariant, one can decompose the operator $\Gamma^\mu$ into four distinct terms; a pedagogical treatment of this procedure can be found in Ref.~\onlinecite{em_formfactors}.  In the end, the matrix element for the electromagnetic current  characterizing the fermion transition from momentum and spin states $|\mathbf{p},s\rangle$ to $|\mathbf{p}',s'\rangle$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\langle \mathbf{p}',s' | J_\text{EM}^\mu | \mathbf{p},s\rangle =  \bar{u}^{s'}(p')\left[f_1(q^2) \gamma^\mu + \frac{i}{2m} f_2(q^2)  \sigma^{\mu \nu} q_\nu + f_a(q^2) \left( q^2 \gamma^\mu -  q^\mu \not{\hbox{\kern-2pt $q$}} \right) \gamma^5 + f_e(q^2) \sigma^{\mu\nu} q_\nu \gamma^5  \right] u^s(p),  \label{vertex}
\end{equation}
where $q=p'-p$ is the four-momentum transferred to the fermion by the photon.\cite{bk82,nieves}  The only non-trivial scalar in this process is $q^2$, and thus the electromagnetic form factors are functions of this scalar.  In a Feynman diagram, this vertex will be represented with a shaded circle as in Fig.~\ref{fig1}.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{fig1.pdf}
\caption{ Interaction vertex between an on-shell fermion and an off-shell photon of momentum $q$. \label{fig1}}
\end{figure}

In the limit of vanishing momentum transfer, i.e., $q^2 \to 0$, the four form factors encode the static EM properties of the fermion.   The electric charge of the particle is given by $f_1(0)$, and the anomalous magnetic dipole moment is related to $f_2(0)$.  For the remaining terms, $f_a(0)$ is the particle's anapole moment, and $f_e(0)$ is its electric dipole moment.  If a particle is to be its own antiparticle, then the particle must clearly be neutral, but it is not so obvious as to why a Majorana fermion's magnetic and electric dipole moments must vanish.  A rigorous field theoretic proof of this fact can be found in Refs.~\onlinecite{bk82,nieves}.

These two papers also contain a more intuitive argument based upon the non-relativistic limit of the Hamiltonian which governs the interaction between the fermion and EM field.\cite{bk82,nieves}  The interaction Hamiltonian can be constructed by contracting the fermion EM current, Eq.~(\ref{vertex}), with the EM four-vector potential, $A^\mu$.  The factors of the photon's four-momentum, $q^\mu$, that appear in the EM fermion current are mapped to derivatives, $\partial^\mu$, of the four-vector potential in position space.  Heuristically, we  see that the  $f_2$ and $f_e$ terms in the Hamiltonian will involve the EM field strength tensor $F^{\mu \nu}\equiv \partial^\mu A^\nu - \partial^\nu A^\mu$, whereas the $f_a$ term will involve a derivative of the field tensor which can be related to a four-current via Maxwell's equations, $\partial_\mu F^{\mu\nu} = J^\nu$.  In the non-relativistic limit, the Hamiltonian takes the form $H_\text{int} = - \boldsymbol{\mu}\cdot \mathbf{B} - \mathbf{d} \cdot \mathbf{E} - \mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{J}$, at leading order.

In a local QFT, the Hamiltonian must be invariant under a $\mathcal{CPT}$ transformation; that is, it must be unchanged when, jointly,  particles are changed to antiparticles, spatial axes are flipped, and time is reversed.
Each of the electromagnetic moments (magnetic dipole, $\boldsymbol{\mu}$; electric dipole, $\mathbf{d}$; and anapole, $\mathbf{a}$) is given by the product of a scalar and the fermion's spin.  As such, for a Majorana fermion, these moments pick up a minus sign under $\mathcal{CPT}$.  The electric and magnetic fields are even under $\mathcal{CPT}$ so that, overall, these magnetic and electric dipole terms in the Hamiltonian pick up an overall minus sign under $\mathcal{CPT}$.  As a result, the dipole moments must vanish.  On the other hand, the current density $\mathbf{J}$ is odd under $\mathcal{CPT}$ so that the anapole term in the Hamiltonian is indeed unchanged under the transformation.  In what follows, we will consider only Majorana fermions, setting $f_1, f_2, f_e \equiv 0$.

\section{Low-energy scattering}

As we mentioned above, real photons do not couple to the anapole moment. This can easily be ascertained from the operator for the anapole moment, $f_a(q^2) \left( q^2 \gamma^\mu -  q^\mu \not{\hbox{\kern-2pt $q$}} \right) \gamma^5 $.
Because a real photon is massless, the square of its momentum vanishes, $q^2=0$, and because it is transverse, the contraction of its polarization and momentum vectors vanishes, $\epsilon \cdot q=0$.  With these facts, it is clear that the anapole vertex operator will vanish when coupled to a real photon. As such, the only EM probe of an anapole is the EM current of some other particle that scatters off the fermion.

In QFT, the simplest current with which to probe the anapole is that produced by a scalar (spinless) particle of charge $e$ and mass $m_\phi$.  Using a scalar particle  lets us focus on the physics in the calculations without having spin complications in the current.
Given a scalar field $\phi$, the flow of charge can be described by the vector $J^\mu = i\frac{e}{2m_\phi} [\phi^* \partial^\mu \phi -(\partial^\mu \phi^*) \phi ]$.  Supposing the scalar particle is a plane wave with definite momentum $k^\mu$,  then $\phi \sim e^{-i k \cdot x}$ yields a current $J^\mu \sim \frac{e}{m_\phi} k^\mu $.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=4.3cm]{fig2.pdf}
\caption{ An incoming scalar, $\phi$, with momentum $k$ scatters off a Majorana fermion, $\psi$, with momentum $p$ via an anapole interaction.  The outgoing momenta for the scalar and fermion are $k'$ and $p'$, respectively.   \label{fig_feyndiag}}
\end{figure}

We compute the scattering amplitude for this scalar particle incident upon a Majorana fermion of mass $M_\psi$ and initial momentum $p$. The outgoing momenta of the scalar and fermion are $k'$ and $p'$, respectively.  Scattering is achieved by the exchange of a virtual photon of momentum $q\equiv p'-p$.  The fermion only interacts through its anapole moment.  The Feynman diagram for this scattering process is depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig_feyndiag}.
Following the conventions in Ref.~\onlinecite{peskin},   the amplitude for this  process is
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{M} = e f_a (k'_\mu + k_\mu) \bar{u}^{s'}(p') \left[\frac{(q^2 \gamma^\mu -q^\mu \not{\hbox{\kern-2pt $q$}}) \gamma^5}{q^2}  \right] u^s(p). \label{amp1}
\end{equation}
A remark is in order about the practical aspects of computing  scattering amplitudes for processes  involving Majorana fermions.  Majorana fermions are special solutions of the Dirac equation.  Using a particular (Majorana) representation of the Dirac matrices, Majorana fermions are manifestly real  with half the number of independent parameters as a Dirac fermion.  (This notion of ``realness" for a Majorana fermion can be generalized to an arbitrary representation of the Dirac matrices.\cite{pal})  The Feynman rules appearing in most QFT texts are appropriate for Dirac fermions, but with some modifications, one can adapt these same rules for Majorana fermions as in, for example,  Refs.~\onlinecite{denner1,denner2}.

Because Majorana fermions are solutions to the Dirac equation, the spinors satisfy ${\not{\hbox{\kern -2pt $p$}}} u^s(p) = M_\psi u^s(p)$ and $ \bar{u}^{s'}(p') {\not{\hbox{\kern -2pt $p$}}}'= M_\psi \bar{u}^{s'}(p')$. Armed with these identities, we can simplify the amplitude, Eq.~(\ref{amp1}), considerably:
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{M} = 2e f_a \bar{u}^{s'}(p') \left[ \not{\hbox{\kern-2pt $k$}} - \frac{2 ( k\cdot q) }{q^2}M_\psi  \right]  \gamma^5u^s(p). \label{amp2}
\end{equation}
This expression is entirely general; however, we wish to focus upon the limit in which the four-momentum transfer $q$ is small, so in what follows we will expand our expression in powers of this momentum transfer, keeping only the leading order terms.  Additionally, we may as well work within a specific frame - the rest frame of the fermion target.

If we assume the scatterer to be at rest, then its four-momentum is  $p = (M_\psi, \mathbf{0})$. The scattered fermion's 3-momentum is that transferred by the photon, $\mathbf{q}$, so that $p' = (E', \mathbf{q})$ with $E' = \sqrt{M_\psi^2 +|\mathbf{q}|^2}$. Denoting the photon's energy as $q^0$, the energy of the scattered fermion can be written as $E' = M_\psi + q^0 = \sqrt{M_\psi^2 + | \mathbf{q}|^2}$.  Working with these two expressions for $E'$, we find that, in the limit of small momentum transfer, $q^0 \approx \frac{|\mathbf{q}|^2}{2 M_\psi}$;  this is just the non-relativistic kinetic energy of the scattered fermion.  With these approximations, we can estimate the explicit kinematical factor that appears in the amplitude, Eq.~(\ref{amp2}), as
\begin{equation}
\frac{k\cdot q}{q^2} \approx \frac{\mathbf{k}\cdot \mathbf{q}}{|\mathbf{q}|^2}-\frac{k^0}{2M_\psi}  + \mathcal{O}(|\mathbf{q}|).
\end{equation}

Now we evaluate the Dirac bilinears.  We note that a Dirac bispinor can be written in terms of Pauli matrices and two-component spinors $\xi^s$ as follows
\begin{equation}
u^s(p) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2(p^0+M_\psi)}} \left(\begin{array}{c} [(p^0+M_\psi)\mathbbm{1} -\mathbf{p}\cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma} ] \xi^s \\  \left[ (p^0+M_\psi)\mathbbm{1} +\mathbf{p}\cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma} \right]  \xi^s \end{array}\right).
\end{equation}
With this expression for the bispinor and our small $q^2$ assumption, we approximate the bilinears
\al{
\bar{u}^{s'}(p') \gamma^5 u(p) &\approx - {\xi^{s'}}^\dagger [\mathbf{q}\cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma}] \xi^s + \mathcal{O}(| \mathbf{q}|^3), \\
\bar{u}^{s'}(p') \gamma^0 \gamma^5 u(p) &\approx  {\xi^{s'}}^\dagger [\mathbf{q}\cdot \boldsymbol{\sigma}] \xi^s + \mathcal{O}(| \mathbf{q}|^3), \\
\bar{u}^{s'}(p') \gamma^j \gamma^5 u(p) &\approx  2M_\psi {\xi^{s'}}^\dagger\sigma^j \xi^s + \mathcal{O}(| \mathbf{q}|^2).}
With these approximations, we can then determine the leading order contributions to the scattering amplitude for small momentum transfer to be
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{M} = 8e M_\psi f_a  \left[  -\mathbf{k}\cdot \mathbf{S} + \frac{(\mathbf{k}\cdot \mathbf{q})( \mathbf{q}\cdot \mathbf{S})}{|\mathbf{q}|^2} \right] +\mathcal{O}(|\mathbf{q}|^2), \label{amp_lowq}
\end{equation}
where, for shorthand, we define the spin matrix element $\mathbf{S} = \frac{1}{2} {\xi^{s'}}^\dagger \boldsymbol{\sigma} \xi^s$.

Modulo some dimensional normalization factors, the scattering amplitude is proportional to the matrix element for the interaction Hamiltonian mediating the transition from initial to final states, $H_\text{f\,i} \sim \mathcal{M}$.  At low energies, the field theoretic amplitude should correspond to the quantum mechanical scattering amplitude.  Examining the approximate amplitude, Eq.~(\ref{amp_lowq}), the interaction Hamiltonian has the structure of the scalar's current interacting with the magnetic vector potential associated with the Majorana fermion, $H_\text{f\,i} \sim - e\mathbf{k} \cdot \mathbf{A}_a$.  Thus, the vector potential associated with the anapole moment of the Majorana fermion is
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{A}_a (\mathbf{q}) \sim f_a  \left[   \mathbf{S} - \frac{( \mathbf{q}\cdot \mathbf{S})}{|\mathbf{q}|^2}\mathbf{q} \right], \label{A_q}
\end{equation}
again, modulo some dimensional factors.
We note that both terms in Eq.~(\ref{A_q}) are both zeroth order in $|\mathbf{q}|$ in the Taylor expansion about the momentum transfer, despite the $\mathbf{q}$-dependence of the second term.

The above relation for the vector potential, Eq.~(\ref{A_q}), is expressed in terms of its momentum representation.  By taking its inverse Fourier transform, we can determine the expression for the vector field in position space:
\al{
\mathbf{A}_a (\mathbf{r}) = & \frac{1}{(2\pi)^3} \int \mathbf{A}_a (\mathbf{q}) e^{i \mathbf{q}\cdot \mathbf{r}} \mathrm{d}^3 q \\
\sim& f_a  \left\{   \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf{r}) \mathbf{S} + \frac{1}{4\pi} \frac{1}{r^3}[ 3 (\mathbf{S}\cdot \hat{\mathbf{r}}) \hat{\mathbf{r}}- \mathbf{S}  ] \right\} \label{A_r}.
}
The first term in Eq.~(\ref{A_r}) arises from the $q$-independent term in Eq.~(\ref{A_q}).  This is the vector potential associated with a classical point-like anapole moment,\cite{gray_karl_novikov} with its moment aligning with the particle's spin vector.  The impact of this vector potential is confined to the origin.  The second term arises from the $\mathbf{q}$-dependent term in Eq.~(\ref{A_q}), and it extends through all of space.  We note that the structure of this second term is consistent with the large $r$ behavior of the vector potential (in the Coulomb gauge) outside of a  classical toroidal solenoid, again with the solenoid's symmetry axis lying along the direction of the particle's spin.\cite{afanasiev_dubovik}

To be concrete, we now suppose that the spin of the Majorana fermion is aligned with the $z$-axis and that no spin flip occurs during scattering, $s'=s$. Then, we have $\mathbf{S} = S \hat{\mathbf{z}}$ with $S=\frac{1}{2}$.  We can  take the curl of the vector potential to determine the associated magnetic field:
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{B} = \boldsymbol{\nabla} \times \mathbf{A} \sim -  f_a S \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial r} \delta^{(3)} (\mathbf{r})\right) \sin \theta \hat {\boldsymbol{\phi}}. \label{B_ana}
\end{equation}
The second term in Eq.~(\ref{A_r}) has no curl (nor divergence) and thus yields no contribution to the magnetic field.  This is consistent with the notion that the anapole moment of a Majorana fermion can be thought of as a point-like toroidal magnetic field.  The magnetic field in Eq.~(\ref{B_ana}) is only nonzero at the origin, but if smeared out, it would be directed azimuthally, also consistent with a torus whose axis lies on the $z$-axis.  The magnetic field outside the torus would vanish, as does the field for the anapole moment.

Up to this point, we have assumed that the momentum transfer to the Majorana fermion was small relative to its mass, $M_\psi$.  Let us make some further simplifying assumptions. Suppose  that the charged scalar particles are also non-relativistic, i.e., $|\mathbf{k}| \ll m_\phi$. Additionally, we will take the target fermion mass to be much greater than the scalar particle's mass, $M_\psi \gg m_\phi$.  In this limit, the target recoil is negligible, and the scalar particle's kinetic energy is essentially unchanged $|\mathbf{k}| \approx |\mathbf{k}'|$.  Finally, we will align the incoming scalar current with the fermion's spin along the $z$-axis, $\mathbf{k}= |\mathbf{k}|\hat{\mathbf{z}}$.

With these assumptions, the scattering amplitude is approximated by
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{M} \approx -4 e f_a M_\psi S |\mathbf{k}| (1+ \cos \theta), \label{nr_m}
\end{equation}
where the scattering angle $\theta$ is the usual polar angle.
From the amplitude we compute the differential cross section
\begin{equation}
\frac{\mathrm{d} \sigma}{\mathrm{d} \Omega} = \frac{\alpha}{\pi} f_a^2 S^2 |\mathbf{k}|^2 (1+\cos \theta)^2, \label{nr_xsec}
\end{equation}
with $\alpha$ the fine structure constant.

\section{Application to the Aharonov-Bohm effect}

At low energies, the EM analogue of a Majorana fermion is a point-like toroidal solenoid with a magnetic field confined to the origin but a nonzero vector potential throughout all space.  Given this, we can use the previous calculation to explore the impact of the curl-free vector potential upon the scattering amplitude - a variant of the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect as applied to toroidal solenoids.  In their seminal paper, Aharonov and Bohm showed, theoretically, that in quantum mechanics the electron state can be measurably impacted by a magnetic vector potential even if the magnetic field vanishes along the electron's trajectory.\cite{AB}
One of their proposed experimental tests was to have an electron beam pass on both sides of a solenoid with a confined magnetic field. The phase of an electron wave function changes passing the solenoid, with a net phase change between that part of the wave that passed on one side compared to the part of the wave that passed on the other side given by $\pm e\oint \mathbf{A} \cdot  \mathrm{d}\mathbf{r}$ for a line-integration path surrounding the solenoid.
This effect was confirmed experimentally,\cite{AB_exp} but some critics, e.g., Ref.~\onlinecite{roy}, claimed that fringing magnetic fields around the finite solenoid  were responsible for the observed phase shifts.  To counter this criticism, it was suggested that the effect be explored with a toroidal solenoid;\cite{AB_torus} with this geometry, the magnetic flux is completely contained within a region inaccessible to the electron.  Years later, the toroidal analogue of the original AB experiment yielded results consistent with the AB effect.\cite{AB_torus_exp}

Returning to the last section, we find that the non-relativistic differential cross section, Eq.~(\ref{nr_xsec}), strongly depends upon the vector potential for $r>0$ where the magnetic field is zero.  The angular dependence of the differential cross section  is derived wholly from the second term in the vector potential in Eq.~(\ref{A_r}).  If the only contribution to the scattering were due to the nonzero magnetic field, then the amplitude would be $\mathcal{M} =8 e f_a M_\psi S |\mathbf{k}|$ with, for example, forward scattering being equally as likely as backward scattering.  The physical consequences of the vector potential where the magnetic field vanishes is a pure quantum effect.

Because our calculation is entirely non-relativistic, we should be able to compare our QFT result with a non-relativistic quantum mechanical calculation of the scattering amplitude of a spinless charged particle incident upon an infinitesimal toroidal solenoid.
In the literature, we find several such calculations.\cite{AB_torus, afanasiev1, afanasiev2}
Focusing on Ref.~\onlinecite{AB_torus}, the authors compute this amplitude, assuming a thin classical toroidal solenoid of radius $R$ carrying a magnetic flux $\Phi$, in the first Born approximation. The authors also assume that the electron current and the solenoid's axis are both aligned with the $z$-axis, analogous to our above computation.
Converting their results to natural units,  they find
\begin{equation}
f(\theta) = \frac{ 1}{4} e|\mathbf{k}| R^2 \Phi (1+\cos \theta),  \label{qm_scatt1}
\end{equation}
with a differential cross section given by $\mathrm{d} \sigma/\mathrm{d} \Omega = |f(\theta)|^2$.

This result is not expressed in terms of the anapole moment, so to aid comparison, we first compute the anapole moment for a classical ideal torus centered at the origin, with symmetry axis aligned with the $z$-axis.  We choose the current orientation so that the magnetic field is in the $\hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}$ direction.  The simplest solenoid to consider is one with a rectangular cross-sectional area.  Let the height of the solenoid be $h$ and its interior and exterior radii be $R$ and $R+\epsilon$, respectively.  Supposing a current $I$ runs through $N$ turns of the solenoid, the magnetic field in the interior of the solenoid is $\mathbf{B} =  \mu_0 N I/(2\pi \rho) \hat{\boldsymbol{\phi}}$, where $\rho$ is the distance from the $z$-axis.
Given this field, we compute the flux through the solenoid to be
\begin{equation}
\Phi = \frac{\mu_0 N I}{2\pi} h  \ln \left[1 + \frac{\epsilon}{R} \right] \approx \frac{\mu_0 N I A}{2\pi R},
\end{equation}
where we assume a thin torus with $\epsilon \ll R$  and denote the torus's cross-sectional area as $A$.
Adapting the definition of the anapole moment for a line current,\cite{gray_karl_novikov,note} we find
\al{
\mathbf{a} =& -\int I r^2 \mathrm{d} \boldsymbol{\ell}, \\
=&  NI [(R+\epsilon)^2-R^2] h \hat{\mathbf{z}},\\
\approx& 2 N I A R \hat{\mathbf{z}},
}
where $\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{\ell}$ is a current-directed infinitesimal line element.  We note that contributions to the anapole moment from the radial current vanish.
Given this, we can rewrite the flux in terms of the magnitude of the anapole moment as $\Phi =  a/(4\pi R^2)$, where we move to natural units by setting $\mu_0 = 1$.

In terms of the classical anapole moment, the quantum mechanical scattering amplitude in Eq.~(\ref{qm_scatt1}) can be written as
\begin{equation}
f(\theta) =  e |\mathbf{k}|  \frac{a}{16\pi }  (1+\cos \theta).
\end{equation}
Given our choice of conventions, the quantum mechanical amplitude is related to the QFT amplitude in Eq.~(\ref{nr_m}) via $f(\theta) = \mathcal{M}/(8\pi M_\psi)$.  Comparing the two, we see that both amplitudes will result in the same differential cross section assuming  we identify the Majorana fermion's anapole moment with the classical one via $a = 8 f_a S$.

\section{Conclusion}

Because a Majorana fermion is self-conjugate, its sole static electromagnetic property is the anapole moment.  In single-photon interactions, we have seen that these particles only couple to virtual (but not real) photons.  This corresponds to the notion that anapoles only experience interactions due to the currents of other particles, but not to local external electric or magnetic fields.  Through low-energy scattering, we see that the quantum anapole behaves like a point-like toroidal solenoid. Assuming the fermion's spin is aligned with the $z$-axis, the anapole's magnetic field is azimuthal in direction and confined to the origin. Because the anapole's magnetic vector potential is nonzero throughout space, one can use a Majorana fermion to explore the AB effect with toroidal geometry.

In our scattering calculations, we have exclusively explored the low-energy limit, assuming small momentum transfer.  But, because we work in a field theoretic framework, one could easily explore the behavior of the anapole moment in the relativistic regime and generalize to currents from particles carrying spin.   The only word of caution in extending the discussion to higher energies is to note that the anapole moment represents an effective interaction; that is, the coupling between a Majorana fermion and photon is mediated by charged particles in a more fundamental theory.
If one (or both) of these charged particles is more massive than the Majorana fermion, then its stability is assured.
If the dominant-mass particle is {\it much} heavier than the Majorana fermion, then the details of these charged-particle interactions are irrelevant at low energies.
But, as the momentum transfer in a scattering process increases, further underlying physics could become appreciable.  As an example, suppose we were to compute the real Compton amplitude for a Majorana fermion, which involves the interaction between two real photons (viz., the incident and subsequently scattered photons)  and the fermion.
We would conclude that the amplitude vanishes because anapoles do not couple to real photons.
However, generically, the coupling between Majorana fermions and {\em two} photons is nonzero.\cite{maj_2photon} So, at sufficient energies, Majorana fermions {\em can} scatter photons.

\section{Acknowledgment}
KMW was funded, in part, by a McCormick Scholar award from the University of Puget Sound.
DCL was funded, in part, by a Mellon Junior Sabbatical Fellowship and a McCormick Faculty Mentor award from the University of Puget Sound.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Raising dimension of an array using np.squeeze equivalent I want to use a np.squeeze equivalent for raising the dimension of A from (1,3) to (1,1,3). Does there exist such an equivalent?
import numpy as np

A=np.array([[1,2,3]])
print(A.shape)

A: Use reshape (docs)
A = np.array([[1, 2, 3]])
print(A.shape)  # (1, 3)
B = A.reshape((1, 1, 3))
print(B.shape)  # (1, 1, 3)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A couple of my tutorials are now featured on the Audiovisual Academy site. You can even get them with english and russian subtitles. You have to join the academy (for free) to watch them. There's a bunch of other stuff to watch and learn on that site so be sure to check it out.
The Swedish VJ Union has also become a content partner so there will find more content from yours truly on the site in the future. And hopefully from other VJU writers too.
This entry was posted in Announcements, Tutorials. Bookmark the permalink.
Good afternoon I would like to join the academy, we are laboring with video mapang in Brazil.
Hey man,Thanks for the Tutorials Big question !How does your ovrehead mics sound after all those splits?I get a really artifact-ed sound when I do this Do you have any special set up on on how your auto fade times are set?I find if I cross-fade and not just split (fade in and out) I get a much more smooth sound.Thanks again!


There is no excuse for governments to abandon children and other nationals held without charge in squalid conditions, writes Elaine Pearson.
After five years, countless phone calls, online messages and two failed rescue missions, Sydney grandmother Karen Nettleton is reunited with her three surviving grandchildren and two great-grandchildren in a refugee camp in north-east Syria.
Sickness and disease is rife, but residents of the al-Hawl refugee camp face another threat — from the Islamic State brides who have taken on the role of camp moral police.
The three remaining children of notorious Islamic State fighter Khaled Sharrouf say they had no choice in going to Syria with their parents and they wanted to leave for years.
Karen Nettleton says she worries for the health of her grandchildren in Syria.
The orphan of an Australian Islamic State terrorist describes her harrowing journey from the clutches of IS to a refugee camp, where she is currently stranded with her heavily pregnant and injured sister and little brother.
Vanessa Rodel, one of the asylum seekers who sheltered American whistle-blower Edward Snowden in Hong Kong in 2013 has been granted asylum in Canada with her daughter — but the other five refugees are still waiting for the verdict.
Migrants hijacked a cargo ship that rescued them in the Mediterranean Sea and forced the crew to put the Libya-bound vessel on a course north toward Europe, authorities in two European countries say.
The extraordinary story of Behrouz Boochani, the man who won Australia's richest literary award but remains unable to set foot in this country.
Robert Tibbo, the lawyer for a Filipino woman granted asylum in Canada after sheltering Edward Snowden, says the others involved in his hiding remain in limbo and at real risk.
After plotting for years to flee their father and brothers, who they say were abusive, the two young women are hoping for a "bright, beautiful future" now that they have been granted asylum in a country they do not wish to name.
Hassan Nur Hussein has overcome extraordinary disadvantage to secure a place at university, but he's facing the prospect of not being able to pay for it.


text:
Runner Mom: 5 Questions With Kara Goucher
She'll definitely run the Boston Marathon again, but her heart will forever be with the bombing victims.
May 21, 2013 Brian Metzler
Kara Goucher gave a short talk and met with fans at the expo for the Rock 'n' Roll Portland Half-Marathon. Photo: Brian Metzler/Competitor
She'll definitely run the Boston Marathon again, but her heart will forever be with the bombing victims.
A month ago, Kara Goucher capped a comeback from a late fall injury with a very credible sixth-place, 2:28:11 effort at the Boston Marathon. But, as with everyone else who was in Boston, her race was completely overshadowed by the terrorist bombings that occurred later in the day. Goucher is planning to run her next marathon this fall — either Chicago or New York City — but in the meantime has been rebuilding her speed for the upcoming track season.
PHOTOS: Kara Goucher Career Highlights
We caught up with her at the Rock 'n' Roll Portland Half Marathon race expo over the weekend while trying to keep son Colt, now 2-1/2, contained as husband, Adam, gave a presentation about training.
When are you racing again and what are your plans for the summer and fall?
My next race will be the 10,000m at the U.S. track championships [June 19-23 in Des Moines, Iowa]. I was thinking about running a race at the Portland Track Festival [June 7-8 at Lewis and Clark College] but I think I'm just going to go for it at USAs with one big race. I absolutely want to make the U.S. team for the world championships (in Moscow). If I make it, I'll focus the rest of the summer on getting my speed back. If I don't make it, then I'll find some fun road races to run and start thinking about a fall marathon.
Do you prefer racing the 10,000 or the marathon?
They're so different, but I love them both. I love the 10K because of the speed of the race. I love how much the bell lap means. I love kicking the final 400 meters and I miss that when I'm in the marathon because it's a different intensity. You're so tired at the end of a marathon you hope you can sprint. But I love the art of the marathon. I love how much planning goes into it. I love how meticulous you have to be.
What has your training been like since the Boston Marathon?
I took a down period after Boston where I didn't run as much and now I feel really good. I took a couple days completely off and then I spent about three weeks just easy jogging, then a couple of weeks of really easy workouts. Now I'm kind of back into the swing of things. I've been running 30 miles a week less than I normally do — right about 90 miles a week — and I feel a lot better and a lot fresher on my legs. I'm not going to race before the U.S. championships. For me, it's just about getting my speed back. So for now, twice a week, it's about hitting the speed, feeling sore and slow, but eventually it's going to click in.
Are you ever amazed about your celebrity status as a runner?
It's always odd for me, because at the core I'm just this nerdy girl from Minnesota that's not really that athletic or cool or anything like that. It's always weird for me to hear people say they follow me or they're inspired by me. I don't know that any of that will be ever be normal. But I love it and I very much appreciate all the people who follow me, but I always have to laugh because I'm really such a dork.
It's been a month since the Boston Marathon. What kind of reflections do you have about your race and the horrible acts that followed?
Honestly, the racing details of that day are all lost for me because of what happened. I look at my medal and think about it and all of the people who were hurt every single day. We were a block and a half from the finish line at the athlete hotel when the bombs went off, but we get to go on with our lives like nothing happened and yet there are people who lost family members, people who lost limbs … and their lives will never be the same. So for me, I don't really remember the race. For me, 2013 will be a reminder to live my life more righteously and being more appreciative and thinking about the people who really suffered that day and will continue to suffer.
I love the Boston Marathon and I absolutely will go back and race it again. What happened does not deter me from that whatsoever. For this year, it's a bigger-picture thing and when I look back I'm always going to remember the people were affected and not really my race at all.


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