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Arthur Miller /
The Crucible: Arthur Miller
The Crucible: Arthur Miller Essay Sample
Category: Arthur Miller complex
John Proctor, a very complex character, a defeated individual, and arguably the protagonist in the play in The Crucible by Arthur Miller. A farmer in his mid-forties whose only priority at the beginning of the play was to maintain happiness. He's a very confused and insecure man especially due to the affair that he had with Abigail even though he was married to Elizabeth ideally committing adultery. He's mindset and role changes dramatically throughout the play as he is forced into making tough decisions and keeping his status as a devout Puritan. He transforms from a reckless adulterer to a righteous man who seeks forgiveness.
The major twisting point of this character was when his wife was accused of performing witchcraft as he drifts from an ordinary citizen to a sinner and then a dreadful hero. Proctor's change of mind to remain a faithful Puritan instead of falsifying to avoid being hanged, shows how much he signifies being a pure and just Puritan. In the first act the readers get the impression that Proctor is a weak man who lacks the power to criticize others because he looks down on himself as a sinner and his rare church attendance makes him look extremely unreligious.
He didn't have the power to correct or advise other individuals because of his low value in the community. He is also viewed as an arrogant man who refuses to attend church because he dislikes Parris stating on {P. 65} "I surely did come when I could, and when I could not I prayed in my house" trying to find excuses for his rarity at church but Hale brings it to his attention that his house isn't a church, Proctor then goes directly to his point {P.
65}" A minister may pray to God without he have golden candlesticks upon the altar" and contributing to his failure to recite the 10 commandments when questioned by Hale worsens his overall situation. At this stage of the play he's viewed as an unloyal and an unholy man who only follows his own principles. Proctor suddenly undergoes major change when Cheever arrives at his house to bring a warrant for Elizabeth but he stays brave and refuses for her to be taken away as he believes that his wife is being unjustly accused. Now, the readers begin to have a different view towards Proctor.
During the court in Salem, after Elizabeth was already jailed, Proctor gets frustrated with Abigail's attitude, yelling (P. 110)"It is a whore! I have known her, sir. I have known her. " There's silence throughout the room after this poisonous claim, shortly after that, he states that Elizabeth was aware of this and if she was then Abigail would have found herself in serious trouble. As Elizabeth is walked into the court, Proctor and Abigail are commanded to have their backs towards Elizabeth to avoid any influences with her response.
Elizabeth then denies that Proctor committed lechery hoping to save him, unaware that he has confessed, which leads to the clearance of Abigail's name in the court. Proctor astonishingly confesses to witchcraft to save his life and avoid being hanged but suddenly takes his decision back when informed that he has to sign the paper of his claim which would then be posted outside the church. He feels like he's betrayed his friends and wouldn't let his pride get into the way resulting into him taking back his confession. The outcome of this was him him being indefinitely hanged but he saw himself as a good man who died a good death.
Why does Reverend Hale visit the Proctors?
John Proctor by Arthur Miller
About the book - AD Miller
How does Arthur Miller present family loyalty and conflict in A View from the Bridge?
How Does Arthur Miller Explore the Theme of Masculinity in A View From the Bridge?


It has been a long job, but the entire ceiling has been painted in brush filler, laboriously rubbed down (thanks for your help Dave), and then the lighting patresses and beading fitted. As I write this, there are 6 pieces of beading left to screw in, the other 43 having been (in some cases quite literally) bent into shape and secured in place.
The vestibules and toilets were particularly tricky, as the angle of the partitions and curve of the roof required 3 different flavours of curved hockey sticks.
As we're almost there with the beading, Dave and Bob have started throwing more filler about. Once that's done (I haven't tried to count all the holes, I thought it would be depressing), we can start to think about showing it a paint brush.
Trevor continues to apply further layers of undercoat to his gangway end door, and James has cleaned up the last roof vent and carefully wire brushed and sprayed the first components of the passenger communication gear.
Mike's heater installation continues with the preparation of some 40′ of timber moulding to which the heater brackets are secured along the length of the saloons. This has been cut to length, drilled and primed.
The epic tasks of beading the side, and applying the roof vents are almost upon us, help always welcome.


Barbican Art Gallery presents Modern Couples: Art, Intimacy and the Avant-garde: the first exhibition to explore the creative output resulting from the exclusive or polyamorous relationships between artist couples in the first half of the 20th Century.
The exhibition includes the work of painters, sculptors, photographers, architects, designers, poets, writers, musicians, dancers and performers. Underlying the exhibition is the history of modern art often defines artists as a solitary genius. Modern Couples suggest that it is often the relationships between creative individuals that are important to understand how artists reshape art, redefine gender stereotypes and create new ways of working and living together.
The exhibition features around 30 principal artist couples, with exhibits drawn from public and private collections in Europe, North America and Russia. Some of the couples featured are Camille Claudel and Auguste Rodin; Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera; Gabriele Münter and Wassily Kandinsky; Varvara Stepanova and Alexander Rodchenko; Virginia Woolf and Vita Sackville-West; Eileen Gray and Jean Badovici; Lee Miller and Man Ray; Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson; Dora Maar and Pablo Picasso.
It quickly become obvious as you walk through the exhibition that the relationships between the various couples are often complex depending on a number of factors. Camille Claudel and Auguste Rodin; Barbara Hepworth and Ben Nicholson and Frida Kahlo with Diego Rivera illustrate that often within couples there are two artists both trying to make their own names in the art world.
Other relationships are complicated by a complex network of interactions, the Bloomsbury set included Vanessa Bell, Roger Fry, Duncan Grant, Leonard Woolf and Virginia Woolf. The marriages and complicated affairs among the individual members of the group led to a number of artistic collaborations.
Often relationships could be abusive like famous couples, Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera; Dora Maar with Pablo Picasso and Lee Miller's relationship with Man Ray.
One of the highlights of the exhibition is the inclusion of Kahlo's powerful and rarely seen painting The Wounded Deer (1946).
The exhibition also reveals some lesser-known aspects of famous artists' works, Gustav Klimt's relationship with Emilie Flöge had mutual benefits. Flöge who ran her own couture house, the Schwestern Flöge in Vienna and the exhibition features Klimt's photographs of Flöge modelling her dresses. 'Simultaneism' developed in tandem by Sonia Delaunay and Robert Delaunay and Aino Aalto and Alvar Aalto developed Artek, a design company and showroom they opened in Helsinki in 1935.
This fascinating exhibition provides plenty of evidence that relationships are often at the centre of the creative process in all their complexity. It also illustrates that often artists are seen by wider society as bohemians which often allows them transgressing the constraints of their time forging new ways of living and loving. However there is often a dark side to this 'freedom', although many of the relationships had positive mutual benefits, a number of these relationships ended with tragic consequences.
By londonvisitors2014 in Exhibitions on October 9, 2018 .


Color therapy also called chromotherapy aids us both mentally and physiologically and a therapist may implement color in many different ways. Color therapy is totally holistic, non invasive, safe and gentle. Color Therapy aims to balance and enhance our body's energy by using the colors of the light spectrum, which can help to stimulate our body's own healing process. The energy relating to each of the seven spectrum colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, resonates with the energy of each of the seven main energy centres of the body.
Violet – It relates to Crown chakra. It is good for kidney problems, tumors and can even work to suppress the appetite.
Indigo- It relates to Brow Chakra. It helps ones connect to their spirituality and enhance creativity.
Blue – It relates to Throat Chakra. It lowers blood pressure, decreases respiration, helps induce sleep and enhances communication.
Green – It relates to Heart Chakra. It helps calm nerves, relax both mentally and physically, it promotes self control and harmony.
Yellow – It relates to Solar Plexus Chakra. It is effective in reliving depression and headaches and improves memory and awareness.
Orange – It relates to Sacral Chakra. It regulates circulation, metabolism, helps defeat chest and kidney diseases and it has an ability to energize.
Red – It relates to Base Chakra. It is powerful in healing blood disease, circulation problems, increasing blood pressure, depression and enhancing confidence and willpower.
Color therapy is one of the best therapies to increase your sense of well being. Your color practitioner will use light filters, meditation, colored silks, waters, crystals and or color breathing. The method of choice will be based on your first consultation. a color therapist can help to balance the flow of the energy that surges through the body. It can be used to enhance the spiritual positive energies or calm the negative ones. A color therapist can work to help focus on the physiological effects that colors have on us so that we can learn how to achieve great physical and mental health by just changing the colors that we see on a daily basis. A trained color therapist can help us to work on balancing our emotional lives as well as healing our stress, tension and physical symptoms due to anxiety, fear and more. Color therapy is a very pleasant and safe therapy that is good for people of all ages.


for 7 days. Pregnant women should be prescribed the single dose of metronidazole. Cure rates are greater than 90% when metronidazole is administered as either a single 2-g dose or a 7-day regimen. Possible adverse effects include an unpleasant metallic taste, reversible neutropenia, urticaria, rash, flushing, dry mouth, darkened urine, and a disulfiram-like reaction.
has been available outside the United States for over 30 years. As a single 2-g dose, tinidazole has an efficacy equivalent to a 2-g dose of metronidazole. Tindazole also has a longer half-life than metronidazole, 14 and 7 hours respectively, and penetrates into male reproductive tissue better than metronidazole.
Tinidazole is effective for metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis. Possible side effects include a metallic taste, dizziness, loss of coordination, seizures, severe diarrhea, darkened urine, nausea, vomiting, and a swollen or discolored tongue.


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Takeaway.com and Prosus increase Just Eat offers as bidding war heats up
The Dutch delivery firm trying to buy Just Eat has sweetened its bid, minutes after a rival suitor upped its own offer for the British firm.
Takeaway.com, which had already agreed a merger deal with Just Eat, made an improved merger offer which it said valued the company at 916p per share based on Wednesday's closing price.
Takeaway said the offer will be its "final" bid for the food delivery firm and is an increase from its previous 731p offer.
The increased offer came shortly after Prosus, which has vied against the food delivery firm in the takeover battle for months, increased its own offer to 800p per share.
Just Eat shareholders will own 57.5% of the combined group as part of the bid, Takeaway said, up from 52.12% under its previous offer.
It added that the offer will remain open for acceptances until January 10 and said that a majority vote is needed for the deal to be accepted.
Takeaway also said it will, following the completion of a merger, sell Just Eat's stake in iFood, returning 50% of the proceeds to the shareholders of the new business.
Jitse Groen, Takeaway chief executive, said: "This offer is a full offer, and on top of that we believe it provides Just Eat shareholders with tremendous upside.
"The all-share combination establishes the largest global platform in online food delivery outside China and allows shareholders of both Just Eat and Takeaway.com to benefit from significant long-term value creation."
Prosus, which spun off from South Africa's Naspers earlier this year, said that its new 800p share offer would provide "outstanding" value for Just Eat's owners.
It is the third time that Prosus increased its offer since first trying to muscle in on the deal between Just Eat and Takeaway.com.
"Following extensive discussions with Just Eat's and Prosus's shareholders, we have decided to make a final increase in our cash offer to 800p per share," said Prosus chief executive Bob van Dijk.
"This level delivers outstanding and certain value to Just Eat shareholders while also providing an appropriate return for our own shareholders, given strong levels of competition and significant investment required to reinvigorate growth. We urge Just Eat shareholders to accept this final offer and bring the uncertainty around Just Eat's future to a close."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Håkvik este o localitate din comuna Narvik, provincia Nordland, Norvegia, cu o suprafață de  km² și o populație de  locuitori ().

Referințe

Localități din Norvegia
Localități din Nordland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Cook Islands + 14 more
Switzerland And The Pacific Islands Region Cooperate On Climate Change And Migration
SPREP
NOVEMBER 23, 2020 BY ANGELICAS
The Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and the Secretariat of the Pacific Environment Programme (SPREP) are pleased to announce Switzerland is contributing USD100,000 to build capacity on climate change and disaster related migration, displacement and planned relocation for resilient development in the Pacific.
Project partners, including the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, are working under the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific, endorsed by the Leaders of the Pacific Islands Forum PIF in 2016. Project funds are provided as co-financing under the EU-funded Intra-ACP GCCA+ Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change and Resilience Building (PACRES) which aims to deliver better regional and national responses to climate change challenges faced by Pacific ACP countries. PACRES is being implemented jointly by SPREP, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), the Pacific Community and the University of the South Pacific.
The challenge of human mobility for Pacific Island countries was noted in the 2008 Niue Declaration on Climate Change, which recognised "the importance of retaining the Pacific's social and cultural identity, and the desire of Pacific peoples to continue to live in their own countries, where possible".
This new funding builds on a number of earlier Swiss investments that began under the Nansen Initiative Pacific Regional Consultation in 2013 and has continued under the Platform for Disaster Displacement. Switzerland's Special Envoy for the Pacific Region Ambassador Yasmine Chatila Zwahlen said "The Pacific Islands Region is not only very exposed to Climate Change with its adverse effects on all aspects of Human Security, but it also harbours knowledge, tradition, solutions and best practices which the Blue Continent can share with the international community. I am proud that Switzerland can support the leadership in the Pacific Islands Region in this area of growing importance for the world."
Project activities will include research to fill knowledge gaps to support policy development and enhancing coordination and communication to support the delivery of human mobility related programmes and policy development. Activities will be implemented by PIFS in the context of strengthening regional coordination in climate change and disaster resilience through the multi-stakeholder Pacific Resilience Partnership (PRP) for supporting resilience-building as guided by the Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific (FRDP). To that end PIFS will deliver the activities in close collaboration with the PRP Technical Working Group on Human Mobility.
Niue (New Zealand)
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme
Climate Change and Environment
ADB Grant to Support Urban Service Delivery, Climate and Disaster Resilience in Vanuatu
Support for a stronger Samoa in the wake of COVID-19
Vanuatu: New Transport Project Will Improve Resilience to Disasters, Access to Markets
The Republic of the Marshall Islands: Disaster Management Reference Handbook 2019
Manual and Guideline
CFE-DMHA


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摩根基金-JPM美國(澳幣對沖)-A股(累計)
27.82澳幣0.05(0.18%)
1年19.6%
澳幣
產業股票 - 其他
JPMorgan Asset Management (Europe) S.à r.l.
Russell 1000 TR USD
本基金主要投資於美國企業,以期提供長期資本增值。子基金之總資產〈不包括現金及現金等價物〉至少67%將投資於根據美國法律註冊成立及於美國擁有辦事處、或即使於其他地區上市,惟於美國從事其大部分經濟活動之公司之股票及股票相關證券。
Parton Timothy
Timothy Parton, managing director,is a portfolio manager in the U.S. Equity Group. An employee since 1986, Tim has managed a variety of small and mid cap portfolios. He has been managing the U.S. Midcap Growth strategy, which includes the JPMorgan Midcap Growth Fund, since November 2001; and the U.S. Multicap Growth strategy, which includes the JPMorgan Growth Advantage Fund, since its inception in September 2005. Tim holds a B.Sc. in economics and accounting from the University of Bristol in England. He is a member of the New York Society of Security Analysts and is a CFA charterholder.
Simon Jonathan
Jonathan K.L. Simon, managing director, is a portfolio manager in the U.S. Equity Group. An employee since 1980, and a member of U.S. Equity Value Group. In addition, he joined the firm as an analyst in the London office, transferred to New York in 1983 and became a portfolio manager in 1987. Jonathan has held numerous key positions in the firm, including president of Robert Fleming's U.S. asset management.
35,000澳幣


Ogier claims the States' 2018 Q4 Guernsey Residential Property Prices Bulletin confirms a marked improvement in the island's property market.
"The eye-catching figures are the increase in the average house price by 4% over the year to £437,909, and the news that there were 50 more local market transactions in Q4 2018 compared to Q4 2017," said the law firm.
It also reports that an increase in the average house price of 4% of the year is the biggest increase seen for six years and, although the "mixed adjusted average" house price is still lower than it was in 2013 when it was as much as £465,008, Ogier property partner Martyn Baudains has described it as very good news for the market.
"We need to be cautious when reviewing any particular figure in isolation, but there are other indicators that the property market improved towards the end of last year.
"For example, the average time between first marketing a local market property and completion is just over 200 days now, compared to just under 300 days this time last year, and the actual sale price is now closer to the asking price than it was," he said.
"Banks are also showing signs of increased confidence in the local market, which is apparent from the gradual, cautious, increase in the average loan to value to the present 83%. That increase is only up from a typical 80% over the last couple of years, but as a gauge to see how the banks are feeling it is really quite significant.
"The States increased document duty levels on property purchases with effect from 1 January 2019 – but reduced duty on bonds to 0%. Was there a rush to complete some purchases before those increases took effect? In terms of the local market that is unlikely. For the most part the increases in duty on a purchase were offset by the saving on the bond duty – except for properties in the higher value bandings.
"The increase in document duty may, however, have seen some open market purchases pushed through before 31 December. These would be properties that were going to be purchased anyway and, even taking into account that more transactions are a matter of public record now (because the introduction of document duty on share transfers means most open market properties are now conveyed), the number of open market properties being conveyed is up.
"The sample of open market transactions is small and can be influenced by one-off events, but the news is also good in that sector with the median realty purchase being £1,523,438.
"We have reason to go into 2019 with some optimism."


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Coronavirus in the Far East: information on the morning of July 14
Now in Russia, coronavirus has been confirmed in 733 people in 699 regions. 85 patients have died from COVID-19 in the country. 11 recovered from hospitals were discharged.
Coronavirus in the Amur Region
In the Amur region, the coronavirus was confirmed in 46 people per day. The total number of COVID-19 cases has risen to 2.
In 50,1% of patients pneumonia developed, in 11,8% the disease is asymptomatic, in 38,1% - in the form of ARVI. During the epidemic in the Amur Region, 968 people were cured of the coronavirus. The number of deaths from COVID-19 has risen to 22.
Coronavirus in Buryatia
In the republic, the coronavirus was found in 36 people per day. There are now 3 confirmed cases of COVID-414 in the region.
Currently, 427 patients with coronavirus are in infectious hospitals. 417 patients with a mild course of the disease remain on outpatient treatment. In critical condition, 20 patients are in intensive care.
Since the beginning of the epidemic in Buryatia, 2 patients have been cured of the coronavirus, 543 were discharged over the past day. 27 people have died from COVID-19.
Coronavirus in Jewish Autonomy
In the EAO, the number of cases of COVID-19 is 489. There are 32 patients in coronavirus hospitals, another 49 are being treated at home.
During the epidemic in the region, 402 people were cured of the coronavirus, six patients died. The bed fund for patients with COVID-19 is 25% full - 45 out of 180 beds are occupied.
Coronavirus in the Transbaikal Territory
In Transbaikalia, 45 people were diagnosed with coronavirus per day, now 3 cases of COVID-728 have been confirmed in the region. Died 19-year-old man with confirmed coronavirus. The total number of deaths from COVID-82 has risen to 19.
Since the beginning of the epidemic, 2 people have recovered in the region, 750 were discharged the day before. For the first time, the districts overtook Chita in terms of morbidity growth. For residents of Transbaikalia, who will return from abroad or other regions, a two-week quarantine was canceled.
Coronavirus in the Kamchatka Territory
In Kamchatka, the number of cases of coronavirus has increased to 2. The diagnosis was confirmed in a day in 757 people.
There are 364 patients in hospitals. Since the beginning of the epidemic in Kamchatka, 19 patients have been cured of COVID-1, 331 were discharged over the past day.
Kamchatka Territory is moving to the second stage of lifting coronavirus restrictions. From July 14, the region will partially resume the provision of planned medical care, those who are in the region will be able to undergo testing for coronavirus at the airport and, if there is a negative result, not be quarantined.
Coronavirus in the Magadan Region
In the Magadan region, 13 people were found to have coronavirus per day. There are now 1 confirmed COVID-081 cases in the region.
Since the epidemic began in the Magadan Region, 622 people have recovered from coronavirus, 25 have been discharged over the past 19 hours. The fifth patient died with COVID-XNUMX.
Coronavirus in the Sakhalin Region
In the Sakhalin region, another 64 people were found to have coronavirus. There are now 1 confirmed cases of COVID-497 in the region.
During the epidemic, 668 patients were cured of coronavirus in the region, 28 were discharged the day before. 829 people continue treatment.
Coronavirus in the Primorsky Territory
In Primorye, for the second day in a row, the number of cases of coronavirus is 54. However, the course of the disease itself is getting complicated: now 56 patients are in serious condition, 594 people have an average form of COVID-19.
Now about 19 people are undergoing treatment for COVID-1 in Primorye. Since the beginning of the epidemic in the region, 300 people have been cured of the coronavirus, ten patients were discharged the day before. 3 people have died from COVID-687.
According to the governor of Primorsky Territory Oleg Kozhemyako, if residents, trade enterprises, public transport stop masking, ensure social distance, restrictions will have to be introduced in the region again.
Coronavirus in the Khabarovsk Territory
In the Khabarovsk Territory, 121 people were diagnosed with coronavirus per day. There are now 5 confirmed cases of COVID-432 in the region.
The total number of deaths from COVID-19 has increased to 42. 2 patients are being treated, 715 of them remain in serious condition. Since the beginning of the epidemic in the region, 34 patients have been cured of coronavirus, 2 were discharged per day.
Coronavirus in Yakutia
In the republic, the coronavirus was detected in 45 people per day, now 4 cases of COVID-844 have been confirmed in the republic. Two patients with a confirmed diagnosis have died. The total number of deaths from COVID-19 has reached 19.
An outbreak of coronavirus occurred in the Tommot psycho-neurological boarding school in Yakutia. Patients became infected by staff.
Coronavirus in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
In the region, the total number of cases is still 144, 137 patients have recovered. Two people died with COVID-19.
Chukotka moved to the third stage of lifting restrictive measures for coronavirus. Since July 7, restaurants and cafes have been launched in the district, outdoor events have become available, cultural institutions and kindergartens will open.
Tags: coronavirus Far East COVID-19
Sakhalin Region Sakhalin - two months before collective immunity to COVID-19
The Minister of Health of the island region, Vladimir Kuznetsov, told how Sakhalin defeats the infection.


LINDLEY LIB B are Huddersfield snooker's Three-man Team Knockout champions.
They defeated Meltham Lib D 2-0 in the final at Newsome WMC to take the silverware.
The first frame was between Chris Hill (23), of Lindley Lib, and Chris Keogh (7).
Hill was able to take advantage of the 16-point handicap difference and the fact that he was able to pot a number of colours after shopping reds.
While Keogh did pot reds, he was unable to take colours with them and he conceded the frame in favour of Lindley when the colours were reached with score at 70-20.
The second frame featured Jim Scholefield (10) for Lindley against Lee Fitzgerald (22).
Jim Scholefield wiped out the handicap difference early in the frame with a small break of 13 and then further extended his lead with a run of 19.
By the time the colours were reached Scholefield was 25 points in front.
Unfortunately, Fitzgerald fouled twice, meaning he required a couple of snookers. He had already potted the yellow and then took green, brown and blue.
He did obtain a snooker on the pink, but his opponent escaped and put him in a snooker in the process.
Fitzgerald then escaped once again, but Scholefield responded with yet another snooker.
This time the Meltham man was not as fortunate and he was faced with a deficit of 21 points with only pink and black remaining.
Scholefield eventually potted the pink to take the frame and the title for Lindley.
Tonight it's the John Needham Plate final at Newsome WMC (7.30), while tomorrow it's the big one, the Snooker Championship final between Billiards champion Rob Armitage (Marsh Lib) and clubmate Michael Whaley (7.30).
It's the best of seven frames and referee is Haydn Corbett.


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Junior Professor in Applied Mathematics:
Risk and Uncertainty Quantification
#inverse-problems
Course in Inverse Problems at FU Berlin
This Summer Semester 2019, I will offer a course in the mathematics of Inverse Problems at the Freie Universität Berlin. The course load will be 2+2 SWS and the course will be a valid selection for the Numerik IV and Stochastic IV modules.
Inverse problems, meaning the recovery of parameters or states in a mathematcial model that best match some observed data, are ubiquitous in applied sciences. This course will provide an introduction to the deterministic (variational) and stochastic (Bayesian) theories of inverse problems in function spaces.
Examples of inverse problems in mathematics and physical sciences
Preliminaries from functional analysis
Preliminaries from probability theory
Linear inverse problems and variational regularisation
Bayesian regularisation of inverse problems
Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian problems
For further details see the KVV page.
Published on Monday 8 April 2019 at 09:00 UTC #fub #inverse-problems
Random Bayesian inverse problems in JUQ
The article "Random forward models and log-likelihoods in Bayesian inverse problems" by Han Cheng Lie, Aretha Teckentrup, and myself has now appeared in its final form in the SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification, volume 6, issue 4. This paper considers the effect of approximating the likelihood in a Bayesian inverse problem by a random surrogate, as frequently happens in applications, with the aim of showing that the perturbed posterior distribution is close to the exact one in a suitable sense. This article considers general randomisation models, and thereby expands upon the previous investigations of Stuart and Teckentrup (2017) in the Gaussian setting.
H. C. Lie, T. J. Sullivan, and A. L. Teckentrup. "Random forward models and log-likelihoods in Bayesian inverse problems." SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification 6(4):1600–1629, 2018. doi:10.1137/18M1166523
Abstract. We consider the use of randomised forward models and log-likelihoods within the Bayesian approach to inverse problems. Such random approximations to the exact forward model or log-likelihood arise naturally when a computationally expensive model is approximated using a cheaper stochastic surrogate, as in Gaussian process emulation (kriging), or in the field of probabilistic numerical methods. We show that the Hellinger distance between the exact and approximate Bayesian posteriors is bounded by moments of the difference between the true and approximate log-likelihoods. Example applications of these stability results are given for randomised misfit models in large data applications and the probabilistic solution of ordinary differential equations.
Published on Monday 10 December 2018 at 12:00 UTC #publication #bayesian #inverse-problems #juq #prob-num #lie #teckentrup
Weak and strong modes in Inverse Problems
The paper "Equivalence of weak and strong modes of measures on topological vector spaces" by Han Cheng Lie myself has now appeared in Inverse Problems. This paper addresses a natural question in the theory of modes (or maximum a posteriori estimators, in the case of posterior measure for a Bayesian inverse problem) in an infinite-dimensional space \(X\). Such modes can be defined either strongly (a la Dashti et al. (2013), via a global maximisation) or weakly (a la Helin & Burger (2015), via a dense subspace \(E \subset X\)). The question is, when are strong and weak modes equivalent? The answer turns out to be rather subtle: under reasonable uniformity conditions, the two kinds of modes are indeed equivalent, but finite-dimensional counterexamples exist when the uniformity conditions fail.
H. C. Lie and T. J. Sullivan. "Equivalence of weak and strong modes of measures on topological vector spaces." Inverse Problems 34(11):115013, 2018. doi:10.1088/1361-6420/aadef2
(See also H. C. Lie and T. J. Sullivan. "Erratum: Equivalence of weak and strong modes of measures on topological vector spaces (2018 Inverse Problems 34 115013)." Inverse Problems 34(12):129601, 2018. doi:10.1088/1361-6420/aae55b )
Abstract. A strong mode of a probability measure on a normed space \(X\) can be defined as a point \(u \in X\) such that the mass of the ball centred at \(u\) uniformly dominates the mass of all other balls in the small-radius limit. Helin and Burger weakened this definition by considering only pairwise comparisons with balls whose centres differ by vectors in a dense, proper linear subspace \(E\) of \(X\), and posed the question of when these two types of modes coincide. We show that, in a more general setting of metrisable vector spaces equipped with non-atomic measures that are finite on bounded sets, the density of \(E\) and a uniformity condition suffice for the equivalence of these two types of modes. We accomplish this by introducing a new, intermediate type of mode. We also show that these modes can be inequivalent if the uniformity condition fails. Our results shed light on the relationships between among various notions of maximum a posteriori estimator in non-parametric Bayesian inference.
Published on Saturday 22 September 2018 at 12:00 UTC #publication #inverse-problems #modes #map-estimator #lie
Summer School / Workshop on Computational Mathematics and Data Science
Next month, 22–24 August 2018, along with Matt Dunlop (Helsinki), Tapio Helin (Helsinki), and Simo Särkkä (Aalto), I will be giving guest lectures at a Summer School / Workshop on Computational Mathematics and Data Science at the University of Oulu, Finland.
While the the other lecturers will treat aspects such as machine learning using deep Gaussian processes, filtering, and MAP estimation, my lectures will tackle the fundamentals of the Bayesian approach to inverse problems in the function-space context, as increasingly demanded by modern applications.
"Well-posedness of Bayesian inverse problems in function spaces: analysis and algorithms"
The basic formalism of the Bayesian method is easily stated, and appears in every introductory probability and statistics course: the posterior probability is proportional to the prior probability times the likelihood. However, for inference problems in high or even infinite dimension, the Bayesian formula must be carefully formulated and its stability properties mathematically analysed. The paradigm advocated by Andrew Stuart and collaborators since 2010 is that one should study the infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse problem directly and delay discretisation until the last moment. These lectures will study the role of various choices of prior distribution and likelihood and how they lead to well-posed or ill-posed Bayesian inverse problems. If time permits, we will also consider the implications for algorithms, and how Bayesian posterior are summarised (e.g. by maximum a posteriori estimators).
Published on Saturday 21 July 2018 at 07:30 UTC #event #inverse-problems
Preprint: Weak and strong modes
Han Cheng Lie and I have just uploaded a revised preprint of our paper, "Equivalence of weak and strong modes of measures on topological vector spaces", to the arXiv. This addresses a natural question in the theory of modes (or maximum a posteriori estimators, in the case of posterior measure for a Bayesian inverse problem) in an infinite-dimensional space \(X\). Such modes can be defined either strongly (a la Dashti et al. (2013), via a global maximisation) or weakly (a la Helin & Burger (2015), via a dense subspace \(E \subset X\)). The question is, when are strong and weak modes equivalent? The answer turns out to be rather subtle: under reasonable uniformity conditions, the two kinds of modes are indeed equivalent, but finite-dimensional counterexamples exist when the uniformity conditions fail.
Published on Monday 9 July 2018 at 08:00 UTC #publication #preprint #inverse-problems #modes #map-estimator #lie
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Un-privatising Pastoral concerns: On the Feminine, Secularism and Neo-liberal Culture
11/09/2019 21/07/2020 UnderstandingTheology
by Danube Noel-Johnson
As contemporary analyses of the status of religion in modern nation-states suggest, secularism has led to the relegation of religious practices, belief, and values to the private sphere. The private—particularity, subjectivity, irrationality, religion, domesticity, the mystic—is distinguished from what is considered the public sphere, which is characterized by modern, liberal principles—universality, objectivity, rationality, secularism, civility, the sensible. 1 Feminist theorists, like Joan Scott, Ann Pellegrini, and Janet Jakobsen, have further considered this differentiation in terms of a gendered binary. 2 The public sphere represents the masculine, while the private sphere represents the feminine. I am particularly interested in the normalizing effects of this gendered breakdown in the context of contemporary neoliberal culture and contemporary feminist discourse.
Drawing upon sources that are critical of secularism and modern nation-state ideology, I first aim to explicate the significance of neoliberalism and the breakdown between the public and private sphere with an emphasis on gender normativity. After considering Michel Foucault's theory of "pastoral power" and the obvious, yet tacit, principle of interdependency inherent in any given social context, I will discuss a feminist value that comes to the fore in light of this analysis.
Public vs. Private
As I discussed in the introduction, there is an apparent differentiation between the public and the private in modern secular nation-states. In Orientalism and Religion, Richard King notes that this distinction finds its roots in the Enlightenment era. He writes, "The Enlightenment ideal of objective knowledge involved the notion of eradicating all subjective prejudgments in favor of a 'neutral' and 'objective' approach, detached from emotional, affective and personal biases, through the skillful use of the faculty of reason and a sound methodology." 3 Taking up this Enlightenment notion, modern nation-states like France, Germany, Great Britain and the United States, began to form liberal democratic principles based upon the principle that reason, distinct from the mystical or religion, serves as an emancipatory force in freeing Man from the irrational, superstitious constraints of religious doctrine and belief. Thus emerged secularism. As William T. Cavanaugh notes in The Myth of Religious Violence, "the very separation of religion from politics is an invention of the modern West." 4
Of course, this perceived separation does not mean that the two are independent from one another. In fact, they are intimately linked and, as "mutually definitional—you know the meaning of one by its relation to the other." 5 Nevertheless, ideally, to secularists, (private) "religion" and (public) "politics" are not affected by one another. However, an obvious problem is that individuals, no matter how "rational," are both private and public. In Formations of the Secular, Talal Asad points to a very obvious flaw of this dichotomy: "For the experience of religion in the 'private' spaces of home and school is crucial to the formation of subjects who will eventually inhabit a particular public culture. It determines not only the 'background' by which shared principles of that culture are interpreted, but also what is to count as interpretive 'background' as against 'foreground' political principles." 6
With Asad's argument in mind, we may deduce that for an individual to even attempt to distinguish his political perspective from his religious background would only mean that he must abandon an integral part of his own identity. Even if this sort of compartmentalization were possible, it suggests that a clean separation between politics and religion inherently undermines the legitimacy of religious belief. This is a fundamental problem upon which review of secularism's legitimacy must begin. As Joan Scott writes, "Let us take our distance from the emancipatory story secularism has learned to tell about itself." 7
Secularism and Feminism
In her essay, "Secularism and Gender Equality," Scott problematizes secularism's self-congratulatory claim of liberating women from the allegedly ever-oppressive grip of religion, particularly when it comes to secular perspectives on veiled Muslim women, for example. 8 That is, the assumption of Western secularists is that Muslim women are oppressed by their religion and forced into wearing headscarves. Furthermore, they dismiss any protest by Muslim women against this assumption as "false consciousness." 9 Of course, this threatens a Muslim woman's (or any woman's, for that matter) right to agency, which is itself an ironic, anti-feminist, oppressive assertion.
Similar to the descriptive distinction between public and private I offered in the introduction, Scott lists a series of oppositions: "modern/traditional, secular/religion, sexually liberated/sexually oppressed, gender equality/patriarchal hierarchy, West/East…" 10 This is especially important when it comes to the gender distinction, which, as Scott, along with many others, concludes is a part of the same series. This is for a very good reason. Scott argues that there is a crucial link between the public subject, and masculinity, mediated by the notion of reason: "…Because secularization in the Christian lands of the West proceeds by defining religion as a matter of private conscience, just as it privatizes matters familial and sexual. When reason becomes the defining attribute of the citizen and when abstraction enables the interchangeability of one individual citizen for another, passions get assigned not just to the marital bed, but to the sexualized body of the woman." 11 "Passions" in this passage represent that which is particular, thus incompatible with the so-called universal nature of "reason."
To further scrutinize the dogmatic notion that religion is responsible for repressive perspectives on femininity, Scott notes that the founding theories of modern political philosophy held sexist views, which argued that nature (or biology) dictates women's so-called rightful places in society. In this respect, men are the individualistic, independent subjects whose bodies are not dedicated to reproduction. Because of this, men can be abstracted. Women, on the other hand, are conceived of as weak, dependent bodies. They are not "self-owning." 12 In Orientalism, King echoes Scott's historical analysis of the Enlightenment's "Othering" mysticism, which is constructed as the opposite of rationality: "In fact, 'the mystical' has tended to be defined in post-Kantian thought in direct opposition to the 'rational.' Mysticism comes to represent the preeminently private, the non-rational and the quietistic. As such, it represents the suppressed Other that contributes to the establishment of and high status of those spheres of human activity that are defined as public, rational and socially oriented…" 13 From this, we can understand how the private is constantly mediated, defined, and subverted by the public.
The relevance of Scott's critique to this paper is two-fold. Firstly, she makes clear the fact that secularism has not been instrumental in emancipatory feminist strides. Indeed, it has contributed to women's oppression by denying women's agency and relegating femininity to the private sphere. Secondly, Scott locates the modern woman's role within the private sphere, which, as I have shown, is ultimately also subjected to the public sphere.
Following Scott's reading and reasoning, authors Carolyn Marvin and David W. Ingle cast the United States as a primitive nation, using notions like sacrifice and totem ritual to suggest the possibility that perhaps America is no "better" or more progressive than tribal social organization in Blood Sacrifice and the Nation. 14 In the chapter entitled, "Dismemberment and reconstruction: the domain of the popular and its flag," they argue that the totem flag—the standard American flag—is the symbolic equivalent to the male, while the "popular" flag—encompassing deconstructed versions found in everything from starred-and-striped bed linens to Uncle Sam's costume and image—represents local, domestic, feminine qualities. Accordingly, the standard flag is pure, objective, and represents the perfect nation, while the popular flag represents impure, subjective, adapted nationalist character. Marvin and Ingle write, "Popular flag practice embraces feeling." 15
Pastoral Concerns
With an understanding of the gendered binary, I would now like to offer what I find to be an important addition to the public/private dichotomy—namely, sovereign power/pastoral power. In Omnes et Singulatim, Foucault gives a genealogical account of what he sees as two main figures throughout the Western political history up until the Enlightenment: the King (who may evolve into 'the politician') represents sovereign power, and the Shepherd (or the pastor) represents pastoral power. 16 He says this of pastoral power: "What I mean in fact is the development of power techniques oriented towards individuals and intended to rule them in a continuous and permanent way. If the state is the political form of a centralized power, let us call pastorship the individualizing power." 17
Broadly speaking, the King rules over a land, rather than a particular population. He is entitled simply by virtue of his position, and wields power universally over his kingdom. This is distinct from the shepherd who wields power over his particular flock, not a territory. The shepherd's "salvation" is intimately linked to the safety and health of every member of his flock. If one member goes astray, he is just as responsible for it as he is for the rest of the flock. 18 He must know his flock as a group, and also as individuals. Foucault argues that the shepherd, throughout the Middle Ages, evolves into the pastor, all the while remaining concerned with the health and wellbeing of each individual member of his parish. Without explicitly acknowledging the necessity of the pastor's function—namely, caretaking—Foucault acknowledges that it has been a fundamental issue throughout the history of Western political theory. He even cites a rhetorical question that Plato asked: "How would the politician ever find the time to come and sit by each person, feed him, give him concerts, and care for him when sick?" 19 Cavanaugh hedges on such a distinction, arguing that the secular/religious distinction was not necessarily a decisive move by those in power, yet "it was established as the result of some contingent shifts in how power was distributed between civil and ecclesiastical authorities in early modern Europe." 20
As I mentioned, Foucault only acknowledges the problem of pastoral concern. He does not venture beyond this. However, assuming that the pastor's role is necessary—that is, tending to the flock's needs in healthcare, presumably child-rearing practices, et cetera—a central question relevant to this paper comes to the fore: Who, in modern, secular nation-states, is the pastor? I argue that the modern woman's role is designated toward tending to pastoral concerns. As the modern man represents the abstract, dominant, political concerns, the modern woman represents the particular, self-sacrificial, care-taking concerns.
At this point, I would like to further problematize the modern woman's (the pastor's) location within the private sphere in regard to a current, rather pervasive, and much contested theme in political discourse: neoliberalism. To do this, first I will offer a working definition.
It is helpful to not think of neoliberalism as simply an ideology. Rather, it is pertinent that we think of neoliberalism as what Foucault calls a totalitarian theory 21— not just a political or moral position, but a theory strung together by a set of political and economic practices that converge in a given society to elicit a particular conception of the individual citizen as one endowed with an utmost sense of individual responsibility when it comes to self-fulfillment and economic prosperity. Individuals are urged to become a better version of themselves. In Makeover TV: Selfhood, Citizenship, and Celebrity, Brenda Weber argues that neoliberalism involves a "mandate for care of the self in service of the market." 22 To be clear, this is distinct from liberalism. Liberals, in the classical sense, carry a certain ideology that supports the importance of political action that actively keeps the government from interfering in economic affairs—liberalism is typically closely related to so-called democratic processes. Neoliberalism, on the other hand, is more than just associated with ideas that characterize a particular relationship between the state and society. In "What is Neoliberalism?," Dag Einar Thorsen and Amund Lie argue, "Neoliberalism is for instance silent on the issue of whether or not there ought to be democracy and free exchange of political ideas… In fact, neoliberals merely claim, in effect, that as much as possible ought to be left to the market or other processes which individuals freely choose to take part in, and consequently that as little as possible ought to be subject to genuine political process." 23 Thus, we can conceive of neoliberalism as a passive political state, wherein individuals are paradoxically only interested in political processes as long as they are in the service of limiting the effects of the political itself.
Thorsen and Lie go on to argue that in neoliberal societies, power is thus relocated from the political to the economic—"from the state to the markets and individuals, and finally from the legislature and executive authorities to the judiciary." 24 With this power comes the endowment of responsibility I mentioned earlier. Furthermore, this limiting of the effects of political processes subsequently limits the effects of political movements. Thus, neoliberalism is autonomous, creating an impenetrable shell under which all societal activity takes place, rendering it totalitarian.
As Foucault argues, totalitarian theories like neoliberalism erupt as a result of an emergence of "increasing vulnerability to criticism of things, institutions, practices, discourses"—they emerge as systems with the ability to withstand overwhelming amounts of criticism. 25 A qualifying characteristic of such a theory is that every criticism of it is "put in abeyance, or at least curtailed, divided, overthrown, caricatured, theatricalized." 26 In this context, there are a number of examples wherein the notion of a society wherein interdependency is recognized as a vital, necessary component is caricatured, or at least mocked, in neoliberal politics.
Interdependancy and the 'Nanny State'
Through Martha Nussbaum's elaboration on the same matter, we can see how interdependency—what I argue is a condition under which pastoral care is legitimized— becomes feminized, particularly considering the modern nation-state's appeal to the social contract theory. Nussbaum states, "I think it lies behind the decline of welfare programs in [America]. I think it lies behind many Americans' skepticism about Europe, about European social democracy. You hear terms like the 'nanny state' as though there is something wrong with the idea of maternal care as a conception of what a society actually does. We see it another way, in images of who the 'real man' is. The 'real man' is sort of like these people in the state of nature. He doesn't deeply need anyone. He isn't bound to anyone by ties of love and compassion." 27 What feminists scholars like Joan Scott would argue is that what Nussbaum is suggesting—the rational, modern man's repudiation of "maternal care" and "love and compassion" —is exactly how the breakdown between the public and private spheres occurs once the so-called rational man's position is taken to be a legitimate source of modern political organization. Again, with the repudiation of all things not rational, comes his repudiation of religion as well.
To elaborate on Nussbaum's point, a "nanny state" would, in fact, bring what is thought of as "private" matters into the public sphere, acknowledging that features like healthcare, nutrition, shelter, et cetera, are provisions that we do, in fact, depend upon one another for. I think acknowledgements of interdependency, the need for pastoral care, and of the fact that women have primarily been the ones to provide such care, holds potentially empowering effects for feminist's projects.
With this being said, there is no doubt that many feminists have taken up the neoliberal ethic of self-cultivation, autonomy, and of course, wealth. Sheryl Sandberg, billionaire and Facebook executive, is a prime example of this. Her book, Lean In, encourages young women to be strong, liberated, and in need of no one's help. 28 She has even begun a "Ban Bossy" campaign, wherein she encourages young girls to reject the label "bossy," and instead, strive to be a "boss." 29 This is obviously the same sort of male-dominated, capitalistic, neoliberal rhetoric that I see as counterproductive, and will only end up marginalizing other disenfranchised, minority groups, even it is not necessarily women. Clearly, everyone cannot be a boss, so Sandberg is more concerned with women competing at a level presumably equal to men's.
With this being said, it is crucial that we recognize how enmeshed neoliberalism is within American nationalism, especially neoliberal economic policies. Recalling Marvin and Ingle's analysis, one of the ways in which they support support their theory is by indicting "the American Way of Life" as an unquestionably paramount value. They go as far as to suggest the adherence to this way of life is an "unacknowledged faith" that is pervasive throughout the nation, citing the flag as a religious symbol that exercises "transcendent utility." 30
Attempting to empower women by the use of rhetoric, and work ethic values will pigeonhole us into the same problem over and over again. Foucault argues, "The successes of history belongs to those who are capable of seizing these rules, to replace those who had used them, to disguise themselves so as to pervert them, invert their meaning and redirect them against those who had initially imposed them." 31 The process Foucault details in this passage requires difficult, tricky work. Keeping Marvin and Ingle's critique of American nationalism—characterized by unwavering, rather blind loyalty to neoliberal, individualistic ideals of "freedom" and "liberty"—any feminist critique that departs from neoliberalism will be met with significant challenges and pushback from those committed to maintaining the status quo. In Formations, Asad perfectly articulates a way in which the totalitarian nature of neoliberal progressive narrative is able to account for its own shortcomings: "Thus what has often been described as the political exclusion of women, the property-less, colonial subjects, in liberalism's history can be re-described as the gradual extension of liberalism's incomplete project of universal emancipation." 32
Of course, the sort of solutions that neoliberal feminists like Sheryl Sandberg offer are easy and campaigns like "Ban Bossy" are catchy, but they run the very likely risk of simply reconfiguring the same problem in a different way—they run the risk of marginalizing a different group of people.
To be clear, I am not advocating that all women should commit themselves to domestic labor or "stay in their place" in the private sphere, I am advocating that we radically reinterpret the narrative and its meaning to subvert the essentializing, and indeed oppressive, secularist, neoliberal discourse not just for women, but for all groups that have been "Othered."
Women in neoliberal culture can succumb to its pressures and continue to support the notion that it is better to be "liberated," "independent," and therefore, rational, masculine, and progressive. However, women could introduce a new feminist conscience, which is what Foucault would call an insurrection of subjugated knowledges. 33 By honoring what the traditional role of women has been—namely, the private pastors of modernity—and acknowledging that the role of interdependency as a vital component of human existence, women may find themselves in a position of power that would drastically alter not only feminist discourse, but broader discourses concerning modern nation-states for the better. This has the potential to lead to policy shifts away from totalitarian neoliberal policies, wherein individuals who do need help—disabled persons, impoverished and underprivileged groups—may get the support they need. Thus, this sort of reflection will not only help along feminist projects but will, in the process, open up new discursive space for other political or social groups who have found their identities marginalized or subverted under stifling conditions of modern, secular neoliberal culture.
1 Talal Asad. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 2003. Print.
2 Linell Elizabeth Cady and Tracy Fessenden, eds. Religion, the Secular, and the Politics of Sexual Difference. New York: Columbia UP, 2013. Print.
3 Richard King. "Sacred Texts and World Religions." Orientalism and Religion: Postcolonial Theory, India and 'the Mystic East' London: Routledge, 1999. 73. Print.
4 William T. Cavanaugh. "Introduction." The Myth of Religious Violence: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. 5. Print.
5 Janet R. Jakobsen, and Ann Pellegrini. Religion, the Secular, and the Politics of Sexual Difference. Ed. Linell Elizabeth Cady and Tracy Fessenden. New York: Columbia U, 2013. 161-201. Print.
6 Asad 185
7 Scott 36
10 Scott 40
13 King 25
14 Carolyn Marvin and David W. Ingle. Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem Rituals and the American Flag. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge UP, 1999. Print.
15 Marvin and Ingle 225
16 Michel Foucault. "Omnes et Singulatim." The Chomsky-Foucault Debate: On Human Nature. New York: New, 2006. Print.
17 Foucault 227
20 Cavanaugh 7
21 Michael Kelly, Michel Foucault, and Jürgen Habermas. "Two Lectures." Critique and Power: Recasting the Foucault/Habermas Debate. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1994. 17-46. Print.
22 Brenda R. Weber. Makeover TV: Selfhood, Citizenship, and Celebrity. Durham: Duke UP, 2009. 34. Print.
23 Dag Einar Thorsen and Amund Lie. "What is neoliberalism." Oslo, University of Oslo, Department of Political Science, Manuscript (2006).
24 Thorsen 15
26 Two Lectures, 20
27 Martha Nussbaum. "Justice." Ed. Astra Taylor. Examined Life: Excursions with Contemporary Thinkers. New York: New, 2009. 115-32. Print.
28 Sheryl Sandberg. Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. New York: Random House, 2013. Print.
29 "Ban Bossy. Encourage Girls to Lead." Ban Bossy. Encourage Girls to Lead. Lean In Foundation, Apr. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014
30 Marvin and Ingle 18-19
31 Michel Foucault. "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History." Hommage á Jean Hyppolite (1971): 145- 72. Ucdenver.edu. The Regents of the University of Colorado. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.
32 Asad 59
33 "Two Lectures" 20
Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity (Cultural Memory in the Present), CA: Stanford UP, 2003. Print.
"Ban Bossy. Encourage Girls to Lead." Ban Bossy. Encourage Girls to Lead. Lean In Foundation, Apr. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.
Cady, Linell Elizabeth, and Tracy Fessenden, eds. Religion, the Secular, and the Politics of Sexual Difference. New York: Columbia UP, 2013. Print.
Cavanaugh, William T. The Myth of Religious Violence: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print.
Chomsky, Noam, and Michel Foucault. The Chomsky-Foucault Debate: On Human Nature. New York: New, 2006. Print.
Foucault, Michel. "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History." Hommage á Jean Hyppolite (1971): 145-72. Ucdenver.edu. The Regents of the University of Colorado. Web. 2 Dec. 2013.
Jakobsen Janet R., and Ann Pellegrini. Religion, the Secular, and the Politics of Sexual Difference. Ed. Linell Elizabeth Cady and Tracy Fessenden. New York: Columbia U, 2013. 161-201. Print.
Kelly, Michael, Michel Foucault, and Jurgen Habermas. "Two Lectures." Critique and Power: Recasting the Foucault/Habermas Debate. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1994. 17-46. Print.
King, Richard. Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East" London: Routledge, 1999. Print.
Marvin, Carolyn, and David W. Ingle. Blood Sacrifice and the Nation: Totem Rituals and the American Flag (Cambridge Cultural Social Studies). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge UP, 1999. Print.
Nussbaum, Martha. "Justice." Examined Life: Excursions with Contemporary Thinkers. Ed. Astra Taylor. New York: New, 2009. 115-32. Print.
Sandberg, Sheryl. Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. New York: Random House, 2013. Print.
Thorsen, Dag Einar, and Amund Lie. "What is neoliberalism." Oslo, University of Oslo, Department of Political Science, Manuscript (2006).
Weber, Brenda R. Makeover TV: Selfhood, Citizenship, and Celebrity (Console-ing Passions). Durham: Duke UP, 2009. 34. Print.
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DNT Jomfrulandguiden, Ruth Ellegård offers guided tours with stories about the life on the island Jomfruland.
The tours can vary from 1- 2 hours and upwards, incl. lighthouse visit if desired. I can compile trips after your wishes and number of visitors. Many additional activities are offered, such as nature trail with quizz, contests and competitions. Take your work colleagues or friends with you and have a little "kick-off" with stories, competitions and adventures on the beautiful island Jomfruland. I will gladly help you with the boat/ferry- transport, food and beverages.
Experience the atmosphere of Jomfruland, the lovely nature and cultural landscape, birds chirping, flowers flora, paths and trails, sandbeaches, rocks and pebble beaches, the view from the old lighthouse, the tower pond, Teodor Kittelsen, the outdoor church, the oak forest, the manor "Hovedgård", on foot or by bicycle, in few or many hours - it´s your choice!


This RP is the product of personal speculation as to how dust 514 mercs become the infamous legion soldiers( from dust 514 to project legion) in the span of five parts or so, each with a different location with different objectives in mind.
The first part will commence as soon as all the preparations are made so if wish to sign up, simply let me know in this thread. If your thinking of joining but your not sure yet, don't worry I'll find a way to ease the transition in between parts.
So without further ado: Here is the plot summary for part one; hunted.
An unknown purge among clone soldiers has erupted, and the ruthlessness and efficiency the assailants have driven some into hiding, others have fought against this unstoppable threat; they have never been heard from again..
You have survived an attack by these assailants and fled your station, hopping cruisers and transport ships, finding your way to a docking station not far from a gate leading to the great wildlands, cut off from your friends and loved ones. Here others will meet, survivors of their own attempts at their immortal lives. Your only clues are the ones from your encounters, your clones destroyed, and the threat of a final death approaching.
The goal is simple; escape the station via the help of one of the survivors contacts and find a way to escape.
Descriptions of the enemy; no insignias, all black, they fight as if they themselves were immortal, their armor does not resemble any of the four empires.
Entrance scenario; you are extremely paranoid due to these assailants, with visible signs of fear and distress.
Would be interesting. I'll join.
(( I have thought of using a chance mechanic, to determine the outcomes of various events. Like if using the roll of the dice, and say you come under ambush, if the total amount of rolls is low, you'll manage to survive the ambush but with heavy losses whereas if the amount total is high, then you escape the ambush with minor losses, flesh wounds and the like.
Would be an honour to participate.
I shall have this succulent slice of participationisim!
Nom nom nom, om nom.
This would be right down my alley but, Denak did all his preparations long before and disappeared off the radar, if for different reasons.
I might consider if Kador joins though!
Throwing in my interest. Not sure if I will participate yet but I'm at least interested in it.
I'll be the first one to say that was murder to my ears, it was okay in the start until the whole beat drop whatever.
I knew someone would say that, sorry my taste in music is currently rusty at best.
And yeah I try to remain true to the lore on most occasions, or at least make educated guesses.
This is what I thought of for a last stand theme.
Everything sort of slows down as we realize the only way to defeat our attackers.
Is the station populated or abandoned?
possibly, just a crew of workers manning the usual posts.
thanks for participating and lets make it to the end.
A quick reminder, this is simply the entrance phase of the RP, where we try ( and succeed hopefully) to contact each other from within the station., once we all meet then I'll move the RP forward.I hope that that sounds good for now.
Can we get some sort of CS up so that we have some OOC knowledge of the people we are RP'ing with? that will also give us a list of individuals who are participating.
Yes, I shall begin creating one.
Physical Appearance. Long black hair, short black beard, green eyes, Chiseled facial features. 6'3 feet tall. Cybernetic left arm.
Clothing (for this RP): Black cloak, Silver plate armor over the torso, Black pants, Combat boots.
Combat Role: Thal is an excperianced blademaster, having used a sword for about 80 years of his life. His normal role is a frontline soldier, willing to get up close and personal with his foe. At range he uses a scrambler rifle and SMG. He however isn't the best shot, and while he is capable, he is no expert marksmen.
Personality: Thal is divided into two mental states reflecting his Amarr/Minmatar background. His usual mental state is that of the soldier. In this state, Thal's existance is to serve the Amarr Empire and it's people. He is willing to lay down his mortal life to save those who he trusts, or cares about. His second mental state is the warrior, or his darker side. In this state, he is filled with an urge to fight, to test himself against stronger foes. While he still holds reason and logic in this state, he is far more violent and prone to anger. Fortunately, after his many years in the Empire, Thal has learned to control his warrior mindset, though it has it's uses sometimes. He speaks Amarr, Brutor, and some Sebiestor. He is one of the most capable melee fighters in the Cluster.
Anything else you guys need to know?
Role: Logistics officer,with a variety of skills from medical treatment or various injuries to demolitions and e-warfare.
Drop ship pilot, has flown countless missions using the myron-class drop ship, out of personal preference.
Is adept In hand to hand fighting although she prefers to avoid conflicts if possible.
Personality: Is usually rough around the edges but cares about the well being of those under her command, willing to go to great lengths to ensure the safety of her troopers. Because of her previous occupation as a trader, she is indifferent to any race in new Eden, treats everyone the same level of respect.


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