text:
Places to Visit near Estepona
We could not begin to describe in detail all the places to visit in Andalucia but we can give you our view of what we think are the best places worth visiting.
Info & Reviews » Situated in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, Granada was once the capital of a Moorish kingdom. A visit to Andalucia cannot possibly be complete without seeing the famous Alhambra Palace, a Moorish royal palace straight out of One Thousand and One Nights. Try to get there early ahead of the coaches and crowds.
Nearby is the entrance to the Generalife - the country estate of the Nasrid kings. These gardens were begun in the 13th century, they have been continually modified over the years.
There is a lot more to Granada than just the Alhambra palace - the city offers many smart shops and a mouth-watering choice of good restaurants and tapas bars.
Please note: If you are planning a visit to the Alhambra Palace it is essential that you obtain your entrance tickets in advance as numbers are restricted each day, see: Alhambra Ticket Sales
Info & Reviews » Cordoba lies in the geographical centre of Andalucia. Known all over the world for its historical Arab and Jewish monuments, such as the famous Mosque, considered to be the best example of an Islamic church in the world; the Jewish district dating from the 11th century; the synagogue and the Roman bridge.
This was once one of the greatest cities of the western world and a stroll around the Juderia with its narrow cobbled streets, wrought iron gates and tiny workshops makes one think little has changed for a 1000 years.
I've recently discovered a fabulous restaurant that is about 10 km from Antequera, it's a great place for stop on the way home from Cordoba. Caserio de San Benito is located at exit 86 on the A45 to Cordoba ... Caserio De San Benito
Info & Reviews » The capital of Andalucia and steeped in history and culture. The city is compact and most of the sights can be found in or near to the city centre. The most popular sights are the cathedral and La Giralda, the Museo de Bellas Artes, the Plaza de Toros (Seville's 18th century bullring) and the area along the riverfront known as El Arenal. El Arenal was once the home to the port of Seville.
In this area you will find the bullring, the Torre del Oro and many bars and restaurants. The Santa Cruz district, the old Jewish Quarter, is a warren of narrow alleys and patios.
It has long been regarded as the most picturesque part of Seville. You will find many of the better known sights in this barrio (district). Please note that the city can become very hot in the summer months and it is probably best avoided in July and August.
Info & Reviews » One of the most spectacularly located towns in Spain. Its position made it one of the last Moorish settlements to fall to the Christians in the late 15th century. Ronda is famous for the "Puente Nuevo" (new bridge) - built across the Tajo gorge in the late 18th century- and the Plaza de Toros, one of the oldest and most important bullrings in Spain.
The town, with its cobbled alleys and whitewashed walls, is steeped in history. The drive is scenic and dramatic and the surrounding countryside is ideal for walking, riding and mountain biking.
Info & Reviews » Touring a bodega and tasting sherry is the principal reason for visiting Jerez. The tourist office in Jerez will supply a list of bodegas offering tours together with a tour timetable.
Jerez is the capital of sherry production and home to the Royal Equestrian School of Andalucia. A display of dressage, horse dance and pageantry takes place on Thursdays (check if current). You can also visit the stables, galleries and harness room. Royal Andalucian Equestrian School
Info & Reviews » The queue at the border to get in (and out) of Gibraltar can be horrific due to a permanent 'go slow' by customs and police. It is far better to park your car (convenient), walk across the border (don't forget your passport), hop on one of the many regular buses and in 5 minutes you will be in Main Street.
You can do a rock tour by minibus with a guide of the lower areas of Gibraltar including the tunnels and Europa Point and a visit to St.Michael's Cave. On the way down the rock, enjoy the fabulous views of Africa, Gibraltar and Spain whilst visiting the famous Barbary apes.
Info & Reviews » When arriving at Malaga airport, most people turn right and head for the Costa del Sol and forget that Malaga the city even exists! It's a city with a thriving port and traffic clogged streets but there is another side to Malaga. Exploring the honeycomb of Malaga's back streets and discovering an intriguing choice of shops, restaurants and tapas bars can be fun.
There is an historic side too with a fortress that dates back to 1065. Near here is a castle that was rebuilt by the Moors in the 14th century and is now a traditional Parador (hotel); worth a visit if only for the views.
Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga and the city boasts several galleries that feature his work including the 16th century Museum of Fine Arts. Malaga is perhaps not my first choice of a city to visit, but if you have grown weary of the beach it's only 30 or 40 minutes away so you could go late afternoon and stay into the evening.
Info & Reviews » Situated in the lowlands of the Sierra de Mijas mountain range and surrounded by pine forest, Mijas has managed to retain much of its "white village" charm, with narrow winding streets, dazzling whitewashed walls and breathtaking views. There are dozens of small shops with gifts made by local artisans and a large choice of tapas bars and restaurants.
You can't help but see the famous Mijas (donkey) taxis, carrying scores of tourists around the village every day - they must be the most photographed donkeys in Spain! Mijas is one of the friendliest as well as one of the prettiest Pueblos in Spain.
Info & Reviews » Estepona is located at the 'quiet' end of the Costa Del Sol but there is plenty to see and do. The marina is a great place to stroll around, admire the boats or sit in one if the many bars and watch the world go by. There is a craft market every Sunday morning (seasonal) with all the usual and some unusual and interesting items. It seems the marina has become the weekend meeting place for just about everyone.
In the 'old town' of Estepona you will find many street cafes and tapas bars down some charming narrow cobbled streets that are more used to horses than cars!
El Cristo beach, near the marina, is perfect for children being situated in a delightful sheltered cove with lots of water sport activities; there are also two new beach chiringitos that serve mouth-watering snacks and seafood.
Marbella & Puerto Banus
Info & Reviews » Home to the rich and famous. Marbella itself has a lovely shopping and historic area centred on the Orange Square.
Puerto Banus is a luxurious and cosmopolitan resort and the marina with its mega-yachts and celebrities is a 'must' place to visit. The beaches have exquisite white sand and there is a wide array of expensive bars, restaurants and designer shops for you to enjoy.
Be warned: some restaurants also have mega prices!
Info & Reviews » A bustling town and popular holiday resort for tourists and Spaniards alike. There is a great aqua park for the kids (closed in the winter). Its beaches stretch for 8 km from Los Boliches. Fuengirola has been awarded the distinctive blue flag by the E.C. for the quality of its sandy beaches and clear water. You can hire the usual pedalos, jet skis and "banana" boats from almost anywhere on the beachfront.
Along the Paseo Maritimo are many places to eat and drink. This is the place to sip a beer and just "people watch". There is an attractive marina from where you can go sailing or take a boat trip to Benalmadena. The town becomes alive at night-time with its many bars and discos.
Info & Reviews » If you like boats you must visit this marina. It has been voted best Marina in the world for its beauty and striking architecture.
There are over 1,000 berths for boats up to 40 metres long. This is also where the Sea Life Centre is located.
Info & Reviews » Also known as La Cala, this area was once a small, charming fishing village ... but it has grown a bit since then.
It has a blue flag for one of the cleanest beaches in Europe and there are several nice beach bars and restaurants.
Just inland from here is La Cala North & South golf courses and the David Leadbetter Golf Academy.
Puerto Duquesa
Info & Reviews » One of the most beautiful marinas on the coast and certainly my favourite ... when Jill & I sailed out from the UK on Flying Colours this is where we ended up ... and we didn't move on!
Not as 'glitzy' as Puerto Banus, everything just seems more relaxed and at a slower pace ... just how I like it. There are miles of beautiful uncrowded beaches. Bars and cafes abound where you can just while away the day people watching whilst sipping a San Miguel or a cafe solo. In the evening the marina comes to life and there is a huge choice of places to eat including Italian, French, Chinese (my favourite is the Cheng Du) and of course Spanish.
Info & Reviews » Sotogrande has the most varied sporting facilities in Europe including two golf courses rated amongst the top 5 in Europe. The Valderrama golf club which hosted the 1997 Ryder Cup, the World Golf Championships in November 2000 and annually the Volvo Masters, and also the Sotogrande Old Course. Sotogrande also boasts Polo fields, Tennis and Fronton Courts, Riding stables, leisure centres and a wonderful marina where fine restaurants and bars line the water's edge.
Some of the best kept beaches on the coast can be found within and around Sotogrande. The beaches in this area are meticulously maintained, private and secluded, and the least crowded offering peace and quiet. On the estate there are two exclusive beach clubs which between them they boast 7 swimming pools, lifeguards, supervised children's areas, beautiful lawns with sun-loungers neatly arranged around the pools, sandy beach just a few steps away, sauna's, massage rooms and fantastic restaurants and bars including a superb buffet throughout July and August at El Cucurucho. Also, at El Cucurucho there is a supervised children's play area called Iguana Park where parents can leave their children safe in the knowledge that they will be both well looked after and well entertained.
El Octogono is the best placed of the two beach clubs for water-sports. There is catamaran sailing from the sailing school, jet-skiing and water-skiing off the beach nearby and kayaking on the River Guadiaro where a natural lagoon has formed at the river mouth providing an ideal place to learn the skills in a safe environment. This is a great place for anyone to try out and learn a new activity.
At both Clubs it is possible to pay on a daily, weekly or annual basis except July and August when you have to take a minimum of one weeks membership.
Within Sotogrande lies the River Guadiaro and Estuary Sotogrande a designated Andalucian National Park, Wildlife and Nature Reserve of 27 hectare of marshland. It is of particular interest to birdwatchers but anybody can enjoy a stroll along the series of pathways with information boards explaining the natural area.
Tarifa (Costa de la Luz)
Info & Reviews » Known as 'The Windy City' and Europe's windsurfing capital ... the locals claim 365 windy days per year ... and I believe them! If you fancy something a little more adventurous how about kite-surfing.
Mile upon mile of pristine beaches and white sand dunes, very different to the Costa del Sol ..... this is now the Atlantic. There are plenty of places offering windsurfing and kite-surfing lessons, or for something more leisurely perhaps horse riding in the sand dunes or scuba diving.
Maybe a trip to Tangiers, this is the shortest crossing to Morocco from Spain.
Bolonia - Baelo Claudia Roman Ruins
Info & Reviews » The Roman Ruins Baelo Claudia are well worth the drive ... located on the Costa de la Luz, approx. 15km north of Tarifa.
The ruins date back from the 2nd century BC and are well preserved. There is a visitors centre which at the last time of checking was open the following times (please check on the Internet before making the journey):
Tuesdays to Saturdays: June to September 9am to 8pm, March, April, May and October 9am to 7pm, From November to February 9am to 6pm.
Sundays and holidays all year round: 9am to 2pm
Mondays: Like many monuments in Spain it is closed on Mondays.
Guadalhorce Lakes - near Alora
Info & Reviews » Formed as part of the Guadalhorce reservoir, these turquoise coloured lakes with their surrounding woodlands are the most unexpected sites in the hot and desert like Andalusia. The "Lake Districts" of Andalusia are only 6 km from El Chorro and are a favourite weekend escape for Malaga residents.
With many activities such as canoeing, sailing, swimming areas and many great places to eat, these lakes have become a tourist magnet, attracting visitors from far and wide.
Info & Reviews » Antequera is situated 35 minutes drive inland, some 40 kilometres north of Malaga. This wonderful, relatively undiscovered part of Andalusia has breathtaking scenery, historical and architectural monuments and treasures dating back to Roman and Moorish times. Antequera has a Moorish castle, excellent and traditional restaurants, many fiestas and events you will experience a taste of traditional Spain.
I've recently discovered a fabulous restaurant that is about 10 km from Antequera, it's a great place for lunch.. Caserio de San Benito is located at exit 86 on the A45 to Cordoba ... Caserio de San Benito
Info & Reviews » The El Torcal Nature Reserve, the most impressive & beautiful karstic landscape in Europe is located in the centre of Malaga province just 12 kilometres from Antequera. Its fantasy-like rock formations cover an area of 12 square kilometres. This impressive limestone complex was thrust upward from the bed of the sea about 150 million years ago as the result of geological folding.
Three routes through the park have been marked out for walkers with different coloured arrows on wooden sticks. The green route is the shortest and easiest, 1.5 km. and takes about 30 minutes. The yellow route covers most of the green area, is 2.5 km. long and takes you to "Las Ventanillas" The Windows, at 1.200 m. for panoramic views of the valley of Málaga. Finally the red route is the longest and most difficult, 4.5 km. taking about three hours, with a viewing point 1.339 m. up where you can see the whole of the El Torcal Park and the Africa Coastline.
Alhaurin el Grande
Info & Reviews » Alhaurin el Grande is a town located 30 Km from Malaga. It is one of the most picturesque towns in the Guadalhorce river valley and it is situated between the river Fahala and the stream of Blas González. The Arabs named it Alhaurin, which some historians translate from the Arab word "Alhauerin" which means "Almighty God".
Almost all of the town streets are narrow and winding ... there is a wide selection of shops, restaurants & cafes. Alhaurin hasn't the attraction of a castle or large church to admire ... it is a simple but charming Andalucian town.
Info & Reviews » Coin is one of the most up and coming villages on the Costa del Sol. Though it dates back to the Roman era, it is essentially an Arabic town. The town contains a number of places and features of interest to the tourist thanks to its geographic location at the foot of the sierras which make up the coastal range. Spots of immense beauty to be found here include the forests of Alpujata, La Fuente, El Charco del Infierno and La Albuquera.
The centre of Coin has a wonderful plaza where the old Town Hall is located. The new Town Hall is located in another new plaza (Plaza de la Via) with an underground car park, fountains, gardens and several fine bars.
The White Villages
Info & Reviews » The Pueblos Blancos are located in an area to the west of Ronda. These are about two dozen working hilltop villages where the way of life has hardly changed for centuries.
If you would like to tour this area, try to pick up Los Pueblos Blancos de la Costa del Sol guide from the Malaga Tourist Office. It is available in both Spanish and English.
Info & Reviews » The mountain range above Granada where there is the ski resort of Sol y Nieve (Sun and Snow). Skiing is possible between the months of December and April. I've been myself at Easter and have felt very silly standing sweltering in the heat of Malaga airport in all my ski gear! The resort is very laid back and Spanish - not a bit like the chic French or Swiss resorts.
You can either make your own way there or book one of the many 2 or 3 night excursions from a travel agent in Fuengirola. My favourite hotel is the HG Maribel which is located directly on the piste. Boots, skis etc can all be hired in the resort.
Info & Reviews » If you wish to visit Morocco, it is probably best to take one of the many organised day trips that are available. You will go by coach to Algeciras and then take the ferry across the Straits to Tangier. A guide will then give you a tour of the Kasbah and other sights; lunch is usually included.
My opinion is it's certainly different. It's dirty, smelly and you will probably be hassled quite a lot......but it's an experience. I always seem to come back with a rug!
Info & Reviews » There is a market held almost every day in one of the coastal towns but one of the best is the Saturday market at Puerto Banus which is held at the bullring near Puerto Banus. Goods on offer at the stalls range from ethnic Moroccan items to Spanish 'antiques' and a good selection of quality local crafts.
If you want a few cheap "lake" golf balls there are plenty of boys running around with assorted bags but check the "balatas" first...half mine were oval!
There is another good market held every Sunday in Estepona Marina with all the usual and some unusual and interesting items. In the summer at Puerto Duquesa Marina you can combine dining out on Saturday evening with a stroll around the craft market, a lovely way to end the day.
Thank you for all your help in answering all our questions and making sure everything ran smoothly.Gina
We really enjoyed our week in Estepona and just wanted to say that it was a pleasure doing business with Estepona Villas.Karen O'Donoghue
I must say that from start to finish, I have found everything about Estepona Villas to be a pleasure.Gordon Haining, UK


The customer has 30 days to exchange the product. The Client chooses one of the Delivery Methods proposed on the Website for the Products, when the Order is placed. The Products must be delivered by La Poste, Chronopost, UPS or by carrier. The amount of the Delivery Costs depends on the amount and nature of the Order and the delivery method chosen by the Customer. The Customer is always informed of the amount of the Delivery Costs before the validation of the Order. The Delivery Times run from the Date of Confirmation of the Order by Baccarat and are the average times for preparing and routing the Order on the Territory. They are a maximum of 7 working days from the Validation of the Order before 11 am for a standard delivery, 48 hours (two working days) from the Validation of the Order before 11 am for a 48-hour delivery (excluding weekends and public holidays, both French and UK ones).


text:
Q: Graphql Dataloader File Structure and Context Let me preface this by saying I am not a javascript developer, so I'm probably missing something very obvious.  I'm a data warehouse developer and creating a graphql server that can communicate with our DW got dropped in my lap.
I've been trying to get dataloaders to work on my graphql server by using a single object in the context, containing multiple dataloaders.  I'm then trying to call the appropriate dataloader in the resolver.  However, I've been unable to get this to work correctly.  The consolidated dataloader object only works if I individually reference the dataloaders in the server context.
I'm trying to follow a similar pattern with the loaders as I have with my models, which is each broken out into a separate file, then consolidated for use as a single object via recursion through the file structure.
Example is I have an object called loaders which contains two loaders:  countryLoader and marketsectorLoader, each of which is defined in a separate file under the "loaders" directory.  In my server context, the following works
import * as loaders from "./loaders"
graphQLServer.use('/graphql', bodyParser.json(),
graphqlExpress({
schema,
context: {
 countryLoader: loaders.countryLoader()

I can then call this in my resolver:
 StateProvince: {
Country: (parent, args, {countryLoader}) => {
   countryLoader.load(parent.Country_fkey)  }},

This functions correctly, batching and returning the correct query result, but I'd prefer not to have to declare each specific dataloader from the loaders object as part of the context.  However, I've been unable to figure out the syntax to use the loaders object in the context and call the appropriate
individual dataloader in the appropriate resolver.
I've tried several variants of the following example:
https://github.com/relay-tools/react-relay-network-layer/blob/master/examples/dataLoaderPerBatchRequest.js
which seems to be using the type of technique I'm trying to leverage:
//context snippet:
  context: {
request: req, // just for example, pass request to context
dataLoaders: initDataLoaders(),
  },

However, no luck.  I suspect the issue is with my resolver syntax, but I'm not sure, and I haven't been able to find working examples with multiple dataloaders.

A: If I'm reading your code correctly, importing your loaders using a wildcard import like this:
import * as loaders from './loaders'

results in an object wherein each property is a function that creates an instance of a particular DataLoader. So we just need to iterate through each property. For example:
// Using forEach
const dataLoaders = {}
Object.keys(loaders).forEach(loaderName => {
  dataLoaders[loaderName] = loaders[loaderName]()
})

// Or using reduce
const dataLoaders = Object.keys(loaders).reduce((result, loaderName) => {
  result[loaderName] = loaders[loaderName]()
  return result
}, {})

Using lodash, you can also just do something like:
const dataLoaders = _.mapValues(loaders, loader => loader())

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Should You Get A Home At Auction?
One of the several techniques by way of which an individual can sell his home is by creating use of real estate auctions. Also, standard real estate does not offer a competitive enough atmosphere along with a set sale date, it is unsure whether or not the home's industry worth can truly be met or exceeded in the case of a sale. Take into account promoting your genuine estate rapidly and effectively by setting your personal terms and figuring out the promoting date and closing date.
For years, real estate auctions have been effective on the courthouse steps or in the front yard and they nonetheless are these days. Property for sale in a true estate auction can range from an old farm to newer houses that have been taken more than by the bank. With meals auctions expanding in recognition, it is hard to envision that there will not be more of them in the future.
We have never ever done a grocery auction in Bethel, PA. I am not confident who or which auction company you visited. Recently we attempted the food auctions in Albermarle North Carolina called Curt's range each 3rd Saturday of each month they have one beginning at five but you want to be there by four:30 to get a excellent seat.
Since inflation levels are at a 20 year high, it would seem meals auctions will only gain in popularity. Numerous occasions, it is smart for a genuine estate owner to auction a property not in use to cut down upkeep costs. Prior to you settle for a residence that is inside your indicates, check out luxury property auctions to see what type of offers you can locate along the California coast.
No doubt time will tell whether or not the very good outweighs the bad, till then I suspect men and women will make the choice of whether to go to food auctions or not, based on their economic wants. Many auctions start off as low as $ 100 Government pre-owned/surplus vehicles are properly maintained and are normally only two-3 yrs old. The jury is nonetheless out on no matter whether meals auctions will turn out to be very good issues or not.


I believe that there are 3 key responsibilities essential for the successful business leader.
The first key responsibility is to have a worthwhile passion and to chase after it successfully.
Of course, due to the very nature of such a definition it is strongly argued that this is being irresponsible. Rather it is much more responsible to ensure we have a pension to provide for us. It is of course being responsible to arrange a pension, but it is also incumbent upon us to chase our passion. Indeed, it is our greatest responsibility; if we cannot be responsible to our selves, how can we be responsible to others?
We may not be always responsible for the responsibilities of others, but we are always responsible for whether we ultimately succeed or fail. In business terms chasing our passion will take care of our success while securing our pension into the bargain.
And chasing it involves being accountable, though with a solution-focused mind-set, rather than a blame-focused mind-set. Too often the business world is focused on finding out who is to blame for problems. This is why there is reluctance to take ownership or be accountable as such action may risk the pension.
The second key responsibility for every business leader is to make a profit. It is not to incur a loss.
Those that receive massive golden departure bonuses, after causing their company to crash, merely have been excellent contract negotiators ensuring a profit for themselves first before the company.
Without profit you cannot grow your business, or invest in future passions.
Without profit you cannot do any of the things that you want to do.
Without profit you get by until you slowly die.
And the third key responsibility is to determine, define and then defend to the end their role as the driving force of a business or venture.
I have always been amazed, because surely it is fundamental to actually doing something, at how individuals are unclear about their role and responsibilities, both at the commencement and implementation. Almost always the termination of a position is because the role had not been fulfilled as expected.
Clearly, it is important that people understand what it is they have to do and what is expected of them. It is bizarre that intelligent people who are supposed to have a sense of personal responsibility neither have role clarity and nor are they able to clarify what is expected of others.
What is of vital importance is getting the right people in the right role with the right understanding at the outset, but it is a two way street.
If a new employee starts a new position and is unclear of their function then they must ask for a detailed clarification. Such clarification must be provided at the beginning. If it is not immediately forthcoming, then the incoming employee must take it that it will probably not be forthcoming and instead prepare a detailed brief on their own and ensure that all appropriate persons are made aware of it.
Performing a role on the basis of 'let's see how it goes' is not a good way to start. This is the route of false promises, misguided expectations or misunderstandings.
Developing a detailed document of duties does not mean replacing flexibility with rigidity. That is just an excuse for not having one, because such a detailed brief should include primary, secondary and additional expectations.
The explorer, Shackleton, made it clear that, in addition to his men's specific roles within the expedition, there was the expectation to help with all general work and whatever was required in an emergency. That said, even with all the uncertainly of what lay ahead, he still provided written briefs stating exactly their duties and what he expected from each of his crew. He knew that most work relationships fail because of misunderstandings and lack of communicating. Indeed, most job insecurity is related to lack of role clarification.
Every person connected with a business either increases or decreases profitability. Some people may have no visible effect on profits, but no effect actually translates into a loss because business is about making profit, not treading water. Everyone must know what is expected of them.
If you are seeking to recruit, develop and retain the right people then you have to establish this at the outset; and start as you mean for them to continue.
Most families know their roles because of high communication. It is, of course, relatively easy to maintain a family-like atmosphere when a company is small. As the number of personnel increases, however, a corporation tends toward bureaucratization and human relations grow formalized. Sociologists describe such change as moving from a primary group to a secondary group where reason not emotion governs human conduct.
Most job insecurity is related to lack of role clarification.
It is possible, however, to create a secondary group composed of many primary sub-groups and maintain communal ties within a functional association. The key is based on defining roles that people perform with mutual trust and respect. A good example of this is Lakeland, one of the UK's leading home-shopping business that as well as having 28 retail outlets sells more than 4,000 products through it website and catalogues.
Working with his two brothers, Martin and Julian, Sam has guided the company to enjoy consistent double-digit growth every year. Having had the opportunity to meet and work with many of the key people the one clear thing that is visibly evident is that every member has detailed roles and responsibilities.
Award-winners for customer service, Lakeland's success is based on continuous in-house training to ensure clarification of what is expected. Despite their growth from local plastic bag supplier to national business with 20 million home deliveries a year of exclusive high quality practical products, the camaraderie of the whole business reflects a warm family atmosphere.
Walk into any Lakeland Store and you will immediately see that the business is run both efficiently and effectively because roles and responsibilities have been clarified.
1.	Have we determined, defined, clarified what we do?
2.	Are we able to articulate, communicate and duplicate it concisely?
3.	Have we established and detailed our purpose of position and the role required?
4.	Do we fully understand our functional responsibilities?
5.	Have we defined a plan with expectations?
6.	Have we agreed a strategy for fulfilling our role and responsibilities?
7.	Do we review our plan, expectations and strategy – regularly?
8.	Do we understand what motivates us?
Good systems take time to put in place – and very often valuable time that a business cannot spare. But like a good habit that is hard to form but is actually much easier to live with, it is worth your time to establish roles, responsibilities and expectations.
The alternative is to continue with the bad habits that have been easy to form but end up being hard to live with.


text:
Stakeholders Comment on FDA's Proposed OTC Hearing Aid Rule
Even short periods of excessively loud sound can leave lasting damage to a person's hearing. This is why adequate amplification parameters are needed to protect Americans' long-term hearing. As currently written, the FDA's proposed OTC Hearing Aid Rule allows amplification in OTC hearing aids of up to 120 decibels (dB), about the noise level of a chainsaw. The overwhelming consensus from hearing industry stakeholders is that this must change. Patient safety must be the priority for all hearing aids.
Ninety-one hearing organizations submitted formal comments to the FDA expressing concern that the proposed 120 dB maximum output limit and omission of a gain requirement will put patient safety at risk.
See below for what some of them said:
American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery:
"The AAO-HNS feels that this maximum is too high, and instead recommends that the output maximum should be no greater than the 110 dB in sound pressure level (SPL). For patients with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) this level should be more than adequate to provide benefit. Limiting output will limit the potential of noise-induced SNHL. Our concern is that there will be a percentage of patients who purchase these devices to improve hearing to a better than normal level, but who instead will be risking damage similar to that which is caused by those who listen to earbuds at excessive volumes. The AAO-HNS believes that these devices should have a maximum twenty-five DB gain limitation. [E]excessive gain can result in noise-induces hearing loss. Consumers purchasing these products without professional advice and fitting will be aware of this."
We Hope the FDA will Listen Carefully and Put Patient Safety First.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The metal tube that maintains the optical components of a lens in proper relationship. Some lenses are mounted in metal cells, which in turn are screwed to the front and rear of a shutter or lens barrel. A lens mount often contains a central iris diaphragm to control the aperture. Some lens mounts are equipped with a threaded focusing device to move the whole lens, or with a provision for focusing by a longitudinal movement of the front element.


New generation of healthcare is represented by wearable health monitoring systems, which provide real-time monitoring of patient's physiological parameters. It is expected that continuous ambulatory monitoring of vital signals will improve treatment of patients and enable proactive personal health management. In this paper, we present the implementation of a multimodal real-time system for epilepsy management. The proposed methodology is based on a data streaming architecture and efficient management of a big flow of physiological parameters. The performance of this architecture is examined for varying spatial resolution of the recorded data.


text:
Q: Convert date between java and .net - 2 days off I need to transform a .NET DateTime to an equivalent Java Calendar representation.
The .NET DateTime uses Ticks since Jan 1st 0001 (the .NET epoch) as the underlying representation.
The Java GregorianCalendar uses milliseconds since Jan 1st 1970 (the Java (or Unix) epoch). The value is negative for dates before the Java epoch, as expected.
Here I'm transforming the DateTime representation in millis since the Java epoch:
var dt = new DateTime(1,2,3);  //way, way back.
var javaEpoch = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1);

var javaMillis = (dt - javaEpoch).Ticks / TimeSpan.TicksPerMillisecond;

dt.ToString("MM/dd/yyyy").Dump();          // .Dump() is provided by LinqPad.
javaMillis.Dump();                         // Use Console.WriteLine(...)
                                           // for a regular console app.

This outputs:

02/03/0001
  -62132745600000

Now copy-paste the milliseconds value in this Java snippet:
java.util.Calendar cal = new java.util.GregorianCalendar();
cal.setTimeInMillis(-62132745600000L);
java.text.SimpleDateFormat df = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat();
df.applyPattern("MM/dd/yyyy");
System.out.println(df.format(cal.getTime()));

This outputs:

02/05/0001

I guess my question is: How am I supposed to get a valid milliseconds value from a DateTime, from which I can correctly construct a Java Calendar?
...with the implied sub-question "what is really going on in here?"
EDIT: I played with DateTimeValues around the missing date range from Julian to Gregorian calendar (Oct 4 1582 is "followed" by Oct 15 1582).
For dates more recent than Oct 15 1582, the conversion seems to work fine.
...But around the missing range, DateTime starts (or rather, doesn't start) to act funny:
var timespan = new DateTime(1582, 10, 15) - new DateTime(1582, 10, 4);

returns a TimeSpan of 11 days, so the hole is not taken into consideration by the DateTime operators. What gives? I thought the underlying implementation is based on System.Globalization.GregorianCalendar.

A: Surprisingly, no one has actually answered the question of why a "hole" exists in the Gregorian Calendar between October 4, 1582 and October 15, 1582.  The interesting answer is in the history of the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar as a reform in 1582 to the Julian Calendar.  See Wikipedia's article on Gregorian Calendar for details.  The last paragraph in the History: Gregorian Reform paragraph states

*

*Gregory (Pope Gregory XIII) dropped 10 days to bring the calendar back into synchronisation with the seasons. Accordingly, when the new calendar was put in use, the error accumulated in the 13 centuries since the Council of Nicaea was corrected by a deletion of ten days. The Julian calendar day Thursday, 4 October 1582 was followed by the first day of the Gregorian calendar, Friday, 15 October 1582 (the cycle of weekdays was not affected).*

In effect, the dates from October 5, 1582 to October 14, 1582 do not exist in the Gregorian Calendar.  I suspect that the .Net Framework uses a generalized formula and does not account for the difference when dealing with dates prior to October 15, 1582, whereas the Java library does account for it.

A: From the Java documentation:

[...] dates obtained using GregorianCalendar are historically accurate only
  from March 1, 4 AD onward, when modern Julian calendar rules were
  adopted

Considering your DateTime subtraction, it's only a Ticks difference, there is absolutely no notion of a specific calendar here. The implementation is basically return new TimeSpan(x.Ticks - y.Ticks).
You might be better at simply outputting then parsing an ISO-8061 date/time such as 0001-02-03T00:00:00Z, which has no ambiguity, rather than relying on the internal representation.

A: Answering the 'why':
From the (decompiled - thanks dotPeek!) .NET 4 source code (comments are mine):
public static DateTime operator -(DateTime d, TimeSpan t)
{
  //range checks
  long internalTicks = d.InternalTicks;
  long num = t._ticks;
  if (internalTicks < num || internalTicks - 3155378975999999999L > num)
    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("t",
            Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_DateArithmetic"));

    else

    //plain arithmetic using the Ticks property of the two dates.
    return new DateTime((ulong) (internalTicks - num) | d.InternalKind);
}

So yeah, absolutely no special 'gregorian' treatment for DateTime operators.
About the 'how to fix':
I ended up using something along these lines:  (pseudo-Java)
Calendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
cal.set(dt.Year, dt.Month - 1 /*it's 0-based*/, dt.Day, dt.Hour, dt.Minute, dt.Second);
cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, dt.Millisecond);


text:
// ES5 15.2.3.2
// http://es5.github.com/#x15.2.3.2
if (!Object.getPrototypeOf)
  (function() {
    /*jshint proto:true, camelcase:false */
    'use strict';
    // https://github.com/kriskowal/es5-shim/issues#issue/2
    // http://ejohn.org/blog/objectgetprototypeof/
    // recommended by fschaefer on github
    Object.getPrototypeOf = function getPrototypeOf(object) {
      return object.__proto__ || (
          object.constructor ?
          object.constructor.prototype :
          Object.prototype
      );
    };
  })();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Earth, Wind & Fire: Now, Then & Forever
Posted October 7, 2013 by J Matthew Cobb in Funk
Genre: Funk, r&b
Producer: Jai-Dig, JR Hutson, Justin Panarielo, Larry Dunn, Myron McKinley, Neal H. Pogue, Philip Bailey, Walt B.
Label: Legacy
Genre: R&B, funk, soul
Producer: Neal H. Pogue, Walt B., Jai-Dig, JR Hutson, Philip J. Bailey, Myron McKinley, Justin Panarielo, Philip D. Bailey, Larry Dunn
Spin This: "My Promise," "Sign On"
"My Promise" is worth multiple spins
Relatively disappointing for a EW&F record; lacks splendor, dynamic vision and radio-ready R&B
Very few elements of surprise make up EW&F's latest record
Earth, Wind & Fire, the last great funk band known to the masses, hardly needs to cut another album. On the road, they are still electrifying audiences with their vast catalog, and still leave devout fans whimpering over the many classic tracks they've failed to stuff in their two-hour sets. Definite standouts from their star-studded last album, Illumination, hardly get any shine in their live sets. But every now and then, Phillip Bailey, Ralph Johnson and Verdine White – the only original members of Maurice White's EW&F posse – likes to stir up their creative juices to produce an albums worth of new material. Breaking their eight-year hiatus, EW&F steps out with a ten-track collection loaded with elements of familiarity and then some. Although the album title suggests that there's a fair balance of "now" and "then," the music inside only flirts with the goodness of the EW&F sound, while slightly bending to what's healthy in R&B now. The only accessible standout offered is "My Promise," a three-minute thrill ride co-written by Siedah Garrett that takes off like "September" and fades out like a '70's pop radio edit should. The falsetto-triggered Bailey does a good job trying to nail down some of Maurice White's tonality, particularly on the opening verses. Sadly, the talented leader, who retired from touring due to his bout with Parkinson's disease, is sorely missed on this record. His fingerprints aren't even on the album as a producer, becoming their first collection of songs White had no interest in.
Unfortunately, the rest of the album lacks the splendor and glory normally associated with EW&F. "Sign On" sounds good, especially with the dazzling horn intro and Bailey's infamous falsetto, but never quite takes off like it should. "Love Is Law" is severely bogged down by its overly repetitive chorus. "Guiding Lights" tries too hard to become a "Reasons" follow-up, even if it peppers up using Mint Condition swag. The album starts to seriously sink when Bailey tries to put the band on the 21st century dance floor with "Night of My Life." The trivial beats and out-of-date synths are light-years away from the rave-ready electropop circulations of Rihanna and Calvin Harris. Sadly, in reference to EW&F's zenith, it still doesn't hold a candle up to the innovative timeless wonder of "Let's Groove." Those familiar with the kalimba-strummed odysseys and eccentric jazz interludes of their classic albums will find some kind of relief in recognizing the utopian riffs on tracks like "The Rush," "Splashes" and "Belo Horizonte." Novices to EW&F will call this album filler, but it's still a pleasure to hear the boys exploring their spiritual self-indulgent roots.
Hurting the album this time around is a lack of a fearless leader. Unlike Illumination, there are no heavyweight producers to prop them above treacherous waters. Bailey takes on much of the album's coordination, with co-writing credits on almost every track offered, but without a visionary producer or on board to transport them past the levels of mediocrity, the band is left with echoes of their former glory. Original member Larry Dunn and hit-making songwriter alum Allee Willis do team up to create the closer ("The Rush"), but even that track will have you begging and pleading for Kalimba to play you a tune.
album review, allee willis, earth wind & fire, larry dunn, maurice white, phillip bailey, ralph johnson, siedah garrett, verdine white
Bruno Mars: 24K Magic
Olly Murs: Never Been Better
Charlie Wilson: Forever Charlie
D'Angelo and the Vanguard: Black Messiah
Preservation Hall Jazz Band: That's It!
Jimi Hendrix: People, Hell & Angels


text:
var col_viz_aid_triangle = require('../labels/col_viz_aid_triangle');

module.exports = function resize_col_triangle(params,  ini_svg_group, delay_info=false){

  // resize column triangle
  var ini_triangle_group = ini_svg_group
    .selectAll('.col_label_group')
    .select('path');

  var delays = {};
  var duration = params.viz.duration;

  if(delay_info === false){
    delays.run_transition = false;
  } else {
    delays = delay_info;
  }

  var triangle_group;
  if (delays.run_transition){
    triangle_group = ini_triangle_group
      .transition().delay(delays.update).duration(duration);
  } else {
    triangle_group = ini_triangle_group;
  }

  triangle_group
    .attr('d', function() {
      return col_viz_aid_triangle(params);
    })
    .attr('fill', '#eee');

};


text:
Tanypus flaveolus är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Samuel Wendell Williston  1896.  Tanypus flaveolus ingår i släktet Tanypus och familjen fjädermyggor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Fjädermyggor
flaveolus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<Type Name="NSDataEventArgs" FullName="MonoMac.AppKit.NSDataEventArgs">
  <TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public class NSDataEventArgs : EventArgs" />
  <TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi beforefieldinit NSDataEventArgs extends System.EventArgs" />
  <AssemblyInfo>
    <AssemblyName>MonoMac</AssemblyName>
    <AssemblyVersion>0.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
  </AssemblyInfo>
  <Base>
    <BaseTypeName>System.EventArgs</BaseTypeName>
  </Base>
  <Interfaces />
  <Docs>
    Provides data for the <see cref="E:MonoMac.AppKit.NSDataEventArgs.RegisteredForRemoteNotifications" /> event.
    <remarks>
    </remarks>
  </Docs>
  <Members>
    <Member MemberName=".ctor">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public NSDataEventArgs (MonoMac.Foundation.NSData deviceToken);" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor(class MonoMac.Foundation.NSData deviceToken) cil managed" />
      <MemberType>Constructor</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyVersion>0.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <Parameters>
        <Parameter Name="deviceToken" Type="MonoMac.Foundation.NSData" />
      </Parameters>
      <Docs>
        <param name="deviceToken">To be added.</param>
        Initializes a new instance of the NSDataEventArgs class.
        <remarks>
        </remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
    <Member MemberName="DeviceToken">
      <MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public MonoMac.Foundation.NSData DeviceToken { get; set; }" />
      <MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance class MonoMac.Foundation.NSData DeviceToken" />
      <MemberType>Property</MemberType>
      <AssemblyInfo>
        <AssemblyVersion>0.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
      </AssemblyInfo>
      <ReturnValue>
        <ReturnType>MonoMac.Foundation.NSData</ReturnType>
      </ReturnValue>
      <Docs>
        To be added.
        <value>To be added.</value>
        <remarks>To be added.</remarks>
      </Docs>
    </Member>
  </Members>
</Type>


Royal Mail Group commences a new long term lease at Surrey Business Park in Epsom.
Rohan welcomes Boojum Limited to North City Business Park, Dublin 11.
Google takes additional office space in Rohan's Grand Canal Plaza office development .
Rohan begins work on €35m office building project in Dublin 2.
Rohan welcomes Optrace to Clonshaugh, Dublin17.
The Sunday Interview with Jamie Rohan – Sunday Business Post 2015.
Rohan welcomes BNP Paribas Sercurities Services to Grand Canal Plaza.
Rohan starts construction of its new ultra-modern office development, "21 Charlemont".
Rohan launches a number of its high profile industrial properties.
Rohan acquires the former Charlemont House office building in Dublin 2.
Rohan acquires industrial lands in Southwest Dublin.
Rohan Launches 17,254 sq.ft. high specification warehousing and office facility in North Dublin.


text:
12th September 2018, 10:30 AM #121
No it doesn't necessarily.
Royal families tend to have family nets rather than family trees.
Of course, so does everyone in this situation, but the mesh is pretty fine in European Royal families.
That would mean that more of the ancestors (say by the fourth generation from Charlemagne) are direct descendants of Charlemagne than the average European.
Indeed, and that's taken to the extreme in the case of the Hapsburg family; covered in Rutherford's book (and particularly amusing when you see him talking about it live).
12th September 2018, 12:37 PM #122
Many of those "extinct" lines left a number of descendants through out of wedlock births, adultery, or morganatic marriages. Those decedents were ineligible to inherit much of anything or rule, but if we are discussing genetic lineages, they are still there.
Not to mention descent through female lines, also, with rare exceptions, likely ineligible to inherit or rule. England's Tudor dynasty is still around and thriving, although with several name changes, for example.
See, now that's what an argument from authority looks like.
'I'm right because authority X says so too'. It's probably also a strawman because I don't believe that Dr. Sykes said there's something like 'the original Briton gene'
I clearly stated Sykes' ideas were archaic. At least he got the ball rolling. Study of Brits genetics is surprisingly modern.
And whatever he said, it was about a decade ago, which is a long time in the very fast-moving area of genetic research.
Ninja-ed.
Can you give a reason for your skepticism?
Because it is obvious to me that 'all Europeans are direct descendants of Charlemagne' is patently false. You would need to go back to say circa 300AD, and that person is more than likely to not be anyone particularly famous at all.
Why? Because for every 'king', 'royal' or 'noble', there are several million 'ordinary' folk. By those odds, 1/>1m, your chances of being royal are actually low probability, not high.
I google (Bryan Sykes "briton gene") and this thread is the first hit. I don't think Sykes can be held responsible.
Bryan Clifford Sykes (born 9 September 1947) is a Fellow of Wolfson College, and Emeritus Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford.[1][2]
Sykes published the first report on retrieving DNA from ancient bone (Nature, 1989). Sykes has been involved in a number of high-profile cases dealing with ancient DNA, including that of Cheddar Man. However, the Cheddar Man findings have been disputed and it has been suggested that the results were the consequence of contamination with modern DNA.[3] His work also suggested a Florida accountant by the name of Tom Robinson was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, a claim that was subsequently disproved.[4][5][6][7]
Sykes is best known outside the community of geneticists for his bestselling books on the investigation of human history and prehistory through studies of mitochondrial DNA. He is also the founder of Oxford Ancestors, a genealogical DNA testing firm.
Sykes was a leading authority until he fell out big time with new leading authority [=establishment] Chris Stringer. Before that it was Thor Heyerdahl who claimed there was no way Homo sapiens ever mated with Homo neanderthalensis. His was the final word set in stone.
...until it was discovered that, actually, they did. Whoops.
Moral: all of this is 'best opinion' from what we know so far.
That isn't what they are saying.
High-status males with more offspring are likely to be later last common ancestors than other people simply by virtue of maths.
If Ghengis Khan sired 200 children and some of his higher-status male offspring also sired 200 children, then they are maybe 16 generations ahead of someone who only sired two children who survived to breed
But by your own figures, five centuries, one needs about one million ancestors, although there can be doubling up.
By ten centuries, you need a thousand billion ancestors, (and a smaller human population)
And you are still two centuries away from Charlemagne.
Every European alive in the Eighth Century either has no living descendants or is the ancestor of every living European.
Originally Posted by Belz...
Commonsense tells you. Just because as a male you have a near 50% chance of being an 'R' haplotype, it doesn't necessarily follow the guy sitting next to you is a near cousin even if he does have the same haplotype. R goes back about eight thousand years. A fourth or fifth cousin by definition only goes back four or five generations. It's crap logic.
The last seminar I attended (and yes, we were told to 'say hello to the person sitting next to you' [corny icebreaker {even vicars are at it}]) there was Raj on one side and a Kim Tse Tong on the other. As much as we like each other, we would be most disbelieving to be told we were 'fourth cousins'.
Originally Posted by crescent
Aha! False premise. Whilst the royals have concubines and mistresses all over the place, all it means is that a lot of working-class people have royal blood. It doesn't follow 'all Europeans are directly descended from Charlemagne, nor does follow in reverse that royals have equal amounts of 'common' blood. Court officials used to stand at the marital bed of a new king and queen to witness that she was a virgin and the marriage was consumed. Any hint of the baby being the valet's and she'd be executed.
Originally Posted by Foolmewunz
I've traced my family back to Piltdown Man.
I admire your courage in owning up to one of the biggest frauds in history.
And even if there are currently no living descentants of those lineages (it happens), that doesn't apply to Charlemagne, because there are families who can trace their family tree back to him.
So by Rutherford's calculations, everyone with Western European ancestry alive today is directly related to Charlemagne. And to every other person alive in Europe at that time (provided their lineage hasn't completely died out).
And no, that does not mean a direct unbroken line of patrilineal descent.
But it does mean that every one of us has as much of Charlemagne's genes in us as some German count who can trace his family tree all the way back to the Carolingians.
Pure unsubstantiated conjecture.
If you knew anything about the Hapsburg dynasty, you would know they were anethema to the protestant reformists, so any interbreeding would have halted as of mid-1500's. People don't mate randomly, they are choosy.
You are missing the point spectacularly.
By your own sums, if we were to get to the time of Charlemagne (8th Century) then if there was no inbreeding, you'd have needed more than a trillion ancestors alive at that time.
There was some social mobility between minor nobility and peasants in both directions, as well as between other strata of society in medieval Europe, and certainly before the futile* system was fully established.
It doesn't need much along with some intermarriage between moderately isolated communities, for the genes to spread given that you have 13 centuries for it to occur.
*cf Seller and Yeatman
Originally Posted by Retrograde
Whilst 'commoners' did indeed not register marriages or births until relatively recently it does not follow in reverse that 'upper class' women had lots of babies with the servants, in sufficient quantity to claim, 'all of Europe can claim descent from her.'
The British Royal family is definitely not Roman Catholic but are related to the protestant royal family trees, and the Catholic ones since before the Reformation at least.
a bit of light relief
https://www.nature.com/articles/hdy201325
Actually, there is a lot of 'doubling up'. For example, the relatively homogenous population of Finland. A few hundred years ago, it was only about 300K. Today it is 5m and still regarded as quite homogenous, compared to other populations. In effect, they have all been marrying distant cousins, amongst themselves. All Europeans do not have the same genes as each other.
Thomas Burke is 99% Irish which means his forebears have hardly mixed at all.
Court officials used to stand at the marital bed of a new king and queen to witness that she was a virgin and the marriage was consumed. Any hint of the baby being the valet's and she'd be executed.
"She" might have been a virgin. "He" might not have been, and might have fathered any number of illegitimate children by then.
We Americans get that Thomas Jefferson and any other number of slave owners fathered children by their slaves - whether by rape or (unequal) consent, they clearly had children with slaves. We know that much of the African American population (at least that portion descended from slavery) has white ancestors in the mix, even if there is no documentation of it. Power breeds unequally, immoral, and without consent - but it still breeds.
Things were different with European nobility, but the concept still applies. The rich and powerful men sleep around with the less powerful women. Maybe they rape them and use their power to get away with it. Maybe they use the power imbalance to gain something like consent. Either way, the powerful men father illegitimate children with the less powerful women. That has always been the case.
Last edited by crescent; 12th September 2018 at 03:12 PM.
I agree there was much interbreeding of social classes. However, the claim 'All Europeans are descended from Charlemange' is patronising garbage, best reserved for impressionable school kids.
However, go back thirteen centuries, and you will find that there has been sufficient interbreeding that present Finns are still all would have Charlemagne as an ancestor (along with most other Europeans alive at that time who have any living descendants).
Now we are getting somewhere. Extrapolating from that, you can readily see that not 'all Americans are descended from Charlemagne', even if its Europeans slept with African slaves brought over from C16. Some will be a descendant, many will not be. This is because populations don't tend to mate randomly.
I stayed there.
Beat that!
Dad?!
Excuse me one moment while I choose
1) the combination of a) an actual understanding of the underlying statistics involved here, b) an actual understanding how genetic analysis can effectively prove descendency, and c) the entire weight of (very serious) academic understanding and literature in this area
2) Your entirely reflexive, plucked-from-thin-air, argued-from-incredulity, wholly-unsupported, intellectually-deficient opinion that it's "patronising garbage, best reserved for impressionable schoolkids".
HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA! (But do carry on with this embarrassing cavalcade of bat poo if that's what floats your boat!)
There was a show that traced people's ancestry. I don't remember the name. In one episode they traced the ancestry of an African-American actress - to Charlemagne. She didn't know she had white ancestors in the mix, and was surprised that the genealogists found it (a Civil War era man of French descent in New Orleans who was descended from minor nobility).
ETA: I have no idea how my post supports your conclusion. You'll have to be more clear.
According to geni.com:
Charlemagne is your 40th great grandfather.
if its information is correct. However, I can see that not all Europeans mated randomly. There are ethnic groups within ethnic groups, who consider themselves relatively pure. For example, Sephardic Jews (who, OK, have Spanish and North African) and the Ashkenazis (who are ipso facto of German descent), or Tartars, Cossacks, Irish travellers, for example.
Just because Charlemagne is supposedly my ancestor, it doesn't mean it is true of 'everybody'. Maybe several million, but not 'all'. In any case, after forty generations he probably doesn't even comprise a nano-millimetre of an eyelash of my constitution.
It is true that African-Americans will have significant amounts of European DNA because of slave masters sleeping with slaves. But it doesn't necessarily work the other way round. It's possible that 'all Americans have (relatively modern) sub-Saharan African DNA', but surely that would be a generalisation, based on nothing but a clever brain wave.
(Oh, and what proportion of "your constitution" do you think that, for example, a 10th-generation ancestor comprises? One might, perhaps, feel smugly proud of having a famous 10th-gen ancestor - someone from maybe the late 1700s, so not ALL that long ago - but do you know what 0.5^10 actually is.....?)
In any case, after forty generations he probably doesn't even comprise a nano-millimetre of an eyelash of my constitution.
Which could be true of many of those "pure" groups. There may not be enough of Charles Magness to have any appreciable actual impact on their genotype. But he's still there, buried in the mix with his little <0.00000001% contribution to the family tree.
Sure - but we are comparing a period of some hundreds (American slavery onward) of years to a period of more than a thousand (Charlemagne onward).
Come back to America in 1200 years and see who else is in the family tree of my descendants.
But only a few Eastenders, such as Danny Dyer, or bog-standard musicians, such as, Ministry of Sound founder, Berkmann, can actually prove their lineage to the Tudors, Stuarts and Plantagenets.
I knew someone who was descended from Anne Boleyn, or so she said.
Which could be true of many of those "pure" groups. There may not be enough of Charles Magness to have any appreciable actual impact on their genotype. But he's still there, buried in the mix with his little 0.00000001% contribution to the family tree.
In fact, there's PRECISELY the same proportion of King Edward II's genetic code present in (say) Danny Dyer, as there is in (say) Prince William (assuming the same number of generational leaps in each case).
But then, you and I both understand the statistical exercise at play here................
I can't see why having Thomas Cromwell as an eighth grandfather shouldn't give Danny Dyer something to feel proud about.
He's not smug. He is just surprised and a bit chuffed, given his 'rough cockney' image.
By the way, it wouldn't be linear, it'd be more of a curve, so you need to express it as a logarithm.
Last edited by Vixen; 12th September 2018 at 03:54 PM.
I wasn't referring to Danny Dyer
ETA: your edited last sentence makes.......... ABSOLUTELY NO SENSE WHATSOEVER. Logarithms have nothing at all to do with that calculation. The contribution of one's x-th ancestor to one's genome is 0.5^x. The generation-by-generation regression does indeed follow a logarithmic scale, but that's entirely irrelevant to the straight calculation for any given generationally-removed ancestor. Wow.
Last edited by LondonJohn; 12th September 2018 at 04:00 PM.
ETA: your edited last sentence makes.......... ABSOLUTELY NO SENSE WHATSOEVER. Logarithms have nothing at all to do with that calculation. The contribution of one's x-th ancestor to your genome is 0.5^x. The generation-by-generation regression does indeed follow a logarithmic scale, but that's entirely irrelevant to the straight calculation for any given generationally-removed ancestor. Wow.
You have once again assumed people mate randomly. (Hint: there will be cousins of cousins within that mix.)
So cough it out - good old British envy - just who were you referring to? Hmmm?
You have once again assumed people mate randomly.
No. No I haven't. It's you who have mistakenly assumed that this must be a precondition of things. I seriously suggest that you obtain some of the (voluminous, by multiple different authors around the world) articles on this subject, in order to better educate yourself on why you're wrong. The British Library will have it all.
Do you know what 0.5^10 is? Can you do that calculation?
Er, would a certificate from the Institute of Statisticians do?
Possibly not, based on precedent. So, what is 0.5^10?
Craig4
Location: Alexandria, VA Home to the Deep State.
I have to ask, what's your desired end-state here? You've brought stuff like this up before in relationship to other royal families, some installed in modern monarchies and some now deposed. Should any of this have some impact in how Europe (as an American, the winners of the luck sperm club have no impact on our governance, as flawed as that arrangement may be right now) govern themselves? Do you think some families should be deposed and other granted the "crown" however that is defined? I understand people having an interest in where they come from but you interest in royalty seems beyond that. Should the current royals in the UK be deposed and replaced based on this research? If so, why?
Find More Posts by Craig4
I don't see how your reply relates to what I originally posted. Males are more likely to be a founder of a population than females because they're capable of producing more offspring an less risk to themselves.
I mentioned the Tudors as an example of how genealogies tend to focus on male lines while ignoring descent through female lines. Popular history likes to imply they ended with Elizabeth I, and neglects the offspring of Henry VIII's sisters. However, there's an elderly woman living in London named Elizabeth Windsor (although, like Madonna and Beyonce, she only uses one name) who can trace her ancestry back to Henry VII via his daughter Margaret and her granddaughter Mary, Queen of Scots. Since Ms Windsor's great-grandmother - also in this line of descent- had a raft of children who lived to produce offspring of their own there are hundreds if not thousands Tudor descendants running around today. While not Charlemagne-levels of progeny, it's rather impressive considering that women commonly don't produce more than one offspring a year, and then only for a limited number of years. Add in another 500 years, and a male who sired over a dozen documented children by half a dozen women, and who knows how many undocumented ones -and was an expansionist conqueror based in central Europe - Charlemagne as the ancestor of modern Europeans* is plausible.
*I'm defining European as someone whose ancestors lived in what is commonly known as Europe, excluding present-day Russia.
The Tudors are also an interesting example because there seems to be a fair amount of uncertainty about how many children Henry VII's grandmother on the Tudor side had. Now this is a woman who was the daughter of a king of France and a widow of a king of England so you'd suppose that her life would be comparatively well-documented. Her one son by her first husband is: her offspring by her second husband/consort/boyfriend/whatever aren't - I've seen sources claiming from 2 to 6 of them.
However, I can see that not all Europeans mated randomly. There are ethnic groups within ethnic groups, who consider themselves relatively pure. For example, Sephardic Jews (who, OK, have Spanish and North African) and the Ashkenazis (who are ipso facto of German descent), or Tartars, Cossacks, Irish travellers, for example.
You just argued yourself out of your position.
And the others were not isolated by any means.
That they "consider themselves relatiely pure" is irrelevant, as any number of genetic tests have shown in people who thought they were (for example) entirely British.
You just don't want it to be the case so that your revelation is special.
Sorry, but you're just like everyone else, bar the part that you can trace the lineage.
Most of the rest of us are the descendants of some bastard or other from Charlemagne on...
And again, as in the other thread, this has sod all to do with proving lineage.
It is basic genetics and statistics.


text:
Q: Java how to use KeyEvent I am trying to make a game at the moment and I am having trouble finding out how to make the player go faster by pressing shift at the same time.
Here's some of my code:
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
    int key = e.getKeyCode();

    for(int i = 0; i < handler.object.size(); i++) {
        GameObject tempObject = handler.object.get(i);

        if(tempObject.getId() == ID.Player) {
            //key events for player 1
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_W) tempObject.setVelY(-5);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_S) tempObject.setVelY(5);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_A) tempObject.setVelX(-5);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_D) tempObject.setVelX(5);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_W && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelY(-8);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_S && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelY(8);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_A && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelX(-8);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_D && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelX(8);
        }
    }
    if(key == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE) System.exit(1);
}

public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
    int key = e.getKeyCode();

    for(int i = 0; i < handler.object.size(); i++) {
        GameObject tempObject = handler.object.get(i);

        if(tempObject.getId() == ID.Player) {
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_W) tempObject.setVelY(-0);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_S) tempObject.setVelY(0);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_A) tempObject.setVelX(-0);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_D) tempObject.setVelX(0);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_W && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelY(-0);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_S && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelY(0);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_A && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelX(-0);
            if(key == KeyEvent.VK_D && key == KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT) tempObject.setVelX(0);
        }
    }
}

Now all this works but doesn't change the velX to 7 to 5.

A: Two keys cannot actually be pressed at the same time. The keyPressed() method is actually being called twice (once for a letter button, and once for shift). To check whether or not shift is pressed, set a global boolean value to the state of the shift press and manage the variable's state with keyPressed and keyReleased. For example:
public boolean shiftPressed;

public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
    if(shiftPressed && e.getKeyCode() == VK_(a letter)) {
        //Execute some code
    }
    else if(e.getKeyCode() == VK_SHIFT) {
        shiftPressed = true;
    }
}

public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
    if(e.getKeyCode() == VK_SHIFT) {
        shiftPressed = false;
    }
}


This EPOS 20mm polished SS bracelet was made for their Military Type Ten model. It should fit many other watches with 20mm lugs. This bracelet has a high polish finish and a fliplock deployant clasp. It is seven inches long, and when mounted on a watch should easily fit an eight inch wrist. It is new and unworn, without any scratches or other flaws.


1. How do I apply for a Federal Direct Stafford Loan?
The process is essentially the same as it was for FFEL loans. To apply for a Federal Direct Stafford Loan, you must apply for need-based financial aid by filing a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Once your eligibility has been determined, the Financial Aid Office will send you an Estimated Financial Aid Award. If it indicates you are eligible for a Federal Direct Stafford Loan, you will need to meet with your Financial Aid Advisor to complete some additional steps to ensure proper receipt of your funds.
2. Will I need to complete a Federal Direct Stafford Loan Master Promissory Note (MPN)?
All borrowers must sign a Federal Direct Stafford MPN, even if they have signed an FFEL Stafford MPN previously. If you previously borrowed a Federal Direct Stafford Loan at another school, and your existing Federal Direct Stafford Loan MPN is not more than 10 years old, you will not be required to complete a new MPN.
3. When can I sign my Federal Direct Stafford Loan MPN? How will I be able to sign it?
New students will receive an electronic Estimated Financial Aid Award with information on their financial aid eligibility and instructions on completing the MPN online. Continuing CCH students will only need to sign the MPN once and are not required to sign a new one each academic year.
For your convenience, your MPN can be signed electronically at www.studentloans.gov. You will need the Personal Identification Number (PIN) issued to you by the Department of Education when you completed your FAFSA. If you have forgotten your PIN, you will be able to retrieve it through www.pin.ed.gov.
4. When will my funds be awarded?
All students are required to meet with their Financial Aid Advisor at the start of each academic year to sign their Estimated Financial Aid Award. With your signature, you authorize your advisor to award all of your funds.
5. How soon will funds be disbursed after I sign the MPN? How will I receive these funds?
If you are registered for classes and have met all other eligibility requirements, funds should be credited to your account after the add/drop period is over. You can monitor your CCH billing account on the portal at https://cchonline.columbiacollege.edu/ to verify when your loan funds are credited.
1. How do I apply for a Federal Direct PLUS Loan?
Parents of dependent undergraduates may apply for up to the full Cost of Attendance, less any other financial aid received, as determined by the Financial Aid Office. Plus loan borrowers may apply for Federal Direct Parent PLUS Loans with or without applying for need-based financial aid.
2. Will I need credit approval?
Yes, but you no longer need to select and contact a lender. Under the Direct Loan Program, the criteria for evaluating your credit history may be more lenient than under the previous FFEL program.
3. Will I need to complete a Federal Direct PLUS Loan Master Promissory Note (MPN)?
All borrowers must sign a Federal Direct PLUS MPN, even if they have signed an FFEL PLUS MPN previously. You will be able to sign your MPN after your loan has received credit approval. If you previously borrowed a Federal Direct PLUS Loan at another school, your existing Federal Direct PLUS Loan MPN is not more than 10 years old, and you were approved without an endorser, you will not be required to complete a new MPN.
4. When can I sign my Federal Direct PLUS Loan MPN? How will I be able to sign it?
Parents of dependent undergraduates who are new to the college or those who are taking out a Plus loan for the first time will need to sign the Plus MPN after the student receives their Estimated Financial Aid Award. Parents of undergraduates who are continuing students will only need to sign the MPN once and are not required to sign a new one each academic year. Although, a new credit decision for the parent applying for a Plus loan is required each time the parent takes out a new PLUS loan.
For your convenience, your MPN can be signed electronically at www.studentloans.gov. You will need the Personal Identification Number (PIN) issued to you by the Department of Education when you completed your FAFSA. If you have forgotten your PIN, or if you are a parent who did not file a FAFSA, you will be able to retrieve or obtain a PIN through www.pin.ed.gov.
1. If I have already completed entrance loan counseling at CCH under the FFEL program, will I be required to complete it again for the Direct Loan Program?
Yes. CCH requires that all students complete a new entrance loan counseling under the Direct Loan Program.
2. If this is my first loan at CCH, will I be required to complete entrance loan counseling?
Yes. If you are a first-time borrower at CCH, you will need to complete entrance loan counseling. You will receive instructions on completing the entrance loan counseling with your estimated financial aid award.
1. What happens to the loans I borrowed previously through other lenders? Will I have to repay multiple lenders/servicers?
Any previous federal loans you have borrowed will continue to be maintained by the lender(s) with whom you signed your Master Promissory Note, or by the current holder of the loan if it was sold by your lender. For a detailed record of your federal loans, visit the National Student Loan Database at www.nslds.ed.gov.


Patch 3.4 introduced new interesting Chaos/Bow skills - Scourge Arrow and Toxic Rain. At the same time, the Pathfinder class was redesigned, which now grants very high Poison and Chaos Damage bonuses from Attack skills, making it one of the most powerful classes in Path of Exile. While there are plenty of users running around with Toxic Rain, it's the Scourge Arrow to apparently provides much higher single-target DPS when used correctly.
This Scourge Arrow/Toxic Rain Pathfinder is a typical ranged build. You should focus on slowing down enemies with Toxic Rain, which immobilizes them while Vaal Blight is active and taking them out with Scourge Arrow released at 5 charges for maximum damage. Charging Scourge Arrow should take less than 2 seconds, and just 1 hit will take out anything except for Bosses. The damage it deals is simply terrific. For defenses, this build provides approximately 5,000 Life, Mind over Matter with high Mana Regeneration and Mana Leech, as well as additional Evasion and Dodge Chance.
Odealo is a player-driven marketplace for PoE Currency, Orbs, and Unique items.
Leveling this character is very easy. If you can afford a 4-linked Quill Rain that shouldn't cost more than 2 Chaos Orbs, it will be a smooth ride starting from level 5. Quill Rain provides the highest bonus Attack Speed in the entire game, and the damage reduction does not affect ailments you inflict with Attacks or Caustic Arrow's Damage over Time. You can focus on increasing your Movement Speed and defenses, while Caustic Arrow's Mirage Archer will clear everything for you. You can use this setup until level 66 when you can start using Lioneye's Glare and other higher level gear.
Odealo supports player-to-player trading for Path of Exile Currency, Orbs, and Unique items. Buying from regular players on Odealo guarantees the best prices and highest security of every transaction.
Below you will find all the recommended gear for this build. The entire budget of this build is approximately 30 Exalted Orbs, which is not the cheapest but should provide over 2,000,000 Shaper DPS when fully buffed. This should allow you to farm any Boss in the game if you are familiar with the fight's mechanics. If you would like to cut your expenses, you can use a 4 or 5-linked setup for your Toxic Rain, as it's mainly used as a supporting skill, and both Culling Strike and Increased Area of Effect Gems are optional.
By the way, are you interested in buying cheap PoE Currency for real cash? If so, visit our market section, where you can trade with other Path of Exile players.
If you have any other build requests, please leave that in the comments below.


text:
in Netflix
New Movies & Shows on Netflix in January 2023
by Kulwant Singh December 31, 2022, 8:55 am
Netflix is nothing if not a goldmine of content, with basically something to watch for everyone, and today we are making a list of the best new shows and movies coming to Netflix in January 2023 that you can watch right now. The shows and movies in this list are ranked according to their availability dates.
Kaleidoscope Season 1 (Jan. 1)
Synopsis: Spanning 25 years, Kaleidoscope (previously titled Jigsaw) is an all-new anthology series following a crew of masterful thieves and their attempt to crack a seemingly unbreakable vault for the biggest payday in history. Guarded by the world's most powerful corporate security team, and with law enforcement on the case, every episode reveals a piece of an elaborate puzzle of corruption, greed, vengeance, scheming, loyalties and betrayals. How did the crew of thieves plan it? Who gets away with it? Who can be trusted? Loosely inspired by the real-life story where seventy billion dollars in bonds went missing in downtown Manhattan during Hurricane Sandy, Kaleidoscope consists of eight episodes spanning from 24 years before the heist to 6 months after.
Fletch (Jan. 1)
Synopsis: Chevy Chase is at his hilarious best as Irwin "Fletch" Fletcher, a newspaper reporter who changes his identity more often than his underwear in order to get the story of the year.
Minority Report (Jan. 1)
Synopsis: Based on a short story by the late Philip K. Dick, this science fiction-thriller reflects the writer's familiar preoccupation with themes of concealed identity and mind control. Tom Cruise stars as John Anderton, a Washington, D.C. detective in the year 2054. Anderton works for "Precrime," a special unit of the police department that arrests murderers before they have committed the actual crime. Precrime bases its work on the visions of three psychics or "precogs" whose prophecies of future events are never in error. When Anderton discovers that he has been identified as the future killer of a man he's never met, he is forced to become a fugitive from his own colleagues as he tries to uncover the mystery of the victim-to-be's identity. When he kidnaps Agatha (Samantha Morton), one of the precogs, he begins to formulate a theory about a possible frame-up from within his own department. Directed by Steven Spielberg, who hired a team of futurists to devise the film's numerous technologically advanced gadgets, Minority Report co-stars Colin Farrell, Max von Sydow, and Neal McDonough.
Reservoir Dogs (Jan. 1)
Synopsis: Described by Empire as "the greatest independent film of all time," this classic feature film debut of Quentin Tarantino follows six participants of an ill-fated jewel heist as they try to figure out which of them is a traitor. Starring Harvey Keitel, Tim Roth, Chris Penn, Steve Buscemi, Lawrence Tierney, and Michael Madsen. Written and directed by Quentin Tarantino.
Ginny & Georgia Season 2 (Jan. 5)
Synopsis: How do you live with the knowledge that your mother is a murderer? That's what Ginny is going to have to figure out. Burdened with the new understanding that Kenny – her step-dad – didn't die of natural causes, now Ginny must deal with the fact that Georgia not only killed, she killed to protect Ginny. Georgia on the other hand would much prefer that the past be left in the past, after all, she's got a wedding to plan! But the funny thing about Georgia's past is that it never stays buried for long…
The Pale Blue Eye (Jan. 6)
Synopsis: West Point, 1830. In the early hours of a gray winter morning, a cadet is found dead. But after the body arrives at the morgue, tragedy becomes savagery when it's discovered that the young man's heart has been skillfully removed. Fearing irreparable damage to the fledgling military academy, its leaders turn to a local detective, Augustus Landor (Christian Bale), to solve the murder. Stymied by the cadets' code of silence, Landor enlists the help of one of their own to pursue the case, an eccentric cadet with a disdain for the rigors of the military and a penchant for poetry — a young man named Edgar Allan Poe (Harry Melling). Based on the novel by Louis Bayard, THE PALE BLUE EYE is directed by Scott Cooper and stars an acclaimed supporting cast, including Gillian Anderson, Lucy Boynton, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Toby Jones, Harry Lawtey, Simon McBurney, Hadley Robinson, Timothy Spall and Robert Duvall.
Vikings: Valhalla Season 2 (Jan. 12)
Synopsis: Set over a thousand years ago in the early 11th century, VIKINGS: VALHALLA chronicles the heroic adventures of some of the most famous Vikings who ever lived — the legendary explorer Leif Eriksson (Sam Corlett), his fiery and headstrong sister Freydis Eriksdotter (Frida Gustavsson), and the ambitious Nordic prince Harald Sigurdsson (Leo Suter). Season Two finds our heroes shortly after the tragic fall of Kattegat; an event that has shattered their dreams and altered their destinies. Finding themselves suddenly fugitives in Scandinavia they are forced to test their ambitions and courage in worlds beyond the fjords of Kattegat.
That '90s Show Season 1 (Jan. 19)
Synopsis: It's 1995 and Leia Forman is desperate for some adventure in her life or at least a best friend who isn't her dad. When she arrives in Point Place to visit her grandparents, Red and Kitty, Leia finds what she's looking for right next door when she meets the dynamic and rebellious Gwen. With the help of Gwen's friends, including her lovable brother Nate, his smart, laser-focused girlfriend Nikki, the sarcastic and insightful Ozzie, and the charming Jay, Leia realizes adventure could happen there just like it did for her parents all those years ago. Excited to reinvent herself, she convinces her parents to let her stay for the summer. With a basement full of teens again, Kitty is happy the Forman house is now a home for a new generation and Red is, well…Red.
Minions: The Rise of Gru (Jan. 23)
Synopsis: Long before he becomes the master of evil, Gru (Oscar® nominee Steve Carell) is just a 12-year-old boy in 1970s suburbia, plotting to take over the world from his basement. It's not going particularly well. When Gru crosses paths with the Minions, including Kevin, Stuart, Bob, and Otto—a new Minion sporting braces and a desperate need to please—this unexpected family joins forces. Together, they build their first lair, design their first weapons, and strive to execute their first missions. When the infamous supervillain supergroup, the Vicious 6, oust their leader—legendary martial arts fighter Wild Knuckles (Oscar® winner Alan Arkin)— Gru, their most devoted fanboy, interviews to become their newest member. The Vicious 6 is not impressed by the diminutive, wannabe villain, but then Gru outsmarts (and enrages) them, and he suddenly finds himself the mortal enemy of the apex of evil. With Gru on the run, the Minions attempt to master the art of kung fu to help save him, and Gru discovers that even bad guys need a little help from their friends.
You People (Jan. 27)
Synopsis: A new couple and their families find themselves examining modern love and family dynamics amidst clashing cultures, societal expectations and generational differences in this comedy from Kenya Barris.
Previous article 8 Best New Movies & Shows on Paramount+ in January 2023
Next article 7 New Movies & Shows on Peacock in January 2023
8 Best New Movies & Shows on Paramount+ in January 2023
7 New Movies & Shows on Peacock in January 2023


OSWEGO – The 2017-18 Oswego High School Varsity Wrestling team has been awarded the John Arcaro Sportsmanship Award presented by the Syracuse Wrestling Officials.
The award honors "exemplary programs" whose schools, coaches, wrestlers and spectators display high levels of sportsmanship.
It was presented to the team during the Section III Wrestling Finals held earlier this month.
The Oswego City School District Athletic Department would like to thank all the coaches, student-athletes, family members and fans who come out to every meet and hold the highest expectations.
"This award embodies the character of our program and I want to thank everyone involved for making this possible," said Director of Physical Education and Athletics Rhonda Bullard.