the design studio that creates, moves and connects.
Rake Lijnen works for various industries, both commissioned and on a freelance base. During design projects the studio considers its customer as a development partner. This results in effective concept development that forms a perfect match with the development process of the client. Rake Lijnen uses its experience, skills, tools and network to produce the desired result; think about co-design sessions, sketch visualisation, 3D CAD modelling and rendering and model making. This method has evidently proved to be beneficial for SMEs as well as larger enterprises.
People are visually oriented, which makes it easier to absorb and remember information in images rather than words. By using illustrations, creative processes can be accelerated to form a commonly agreed line. It's also a particularly effective and pleasant way to communicate with target groups. Rake Lijnen turns words and ideas into clear images. The personal approach is very interactive and immediately gives a clear result. Think about illustrations based on meticulous specifications, conceptual illustrations, development into design visualizations, but also improvised summarizing sketches.
Rake Lijnen devotes itself to projects within a social context. Social Design is not the goal in this, but a tool to clarify relevant meaning. This way people are moved, connections are made and sustainable capacity is increased. Issues are translated into scenarios and concepts in an enthusiastic and contagious manner. By involving the participants in the creative process and with the input of Rake Lijnen, tangible, relevant solutions are provided, which reflect what is important to those involved. The solutions are developed in close cooperation with parties from a large network.
3d-Modelling product graphics is an example of Rake Lijnen 's innovative way to use its creative resources in unconventional ways.
Rake Lijnen invites you to its whiteboard to get a grip on your thoughts, business propositions, inventions, innovations or product concepts.


text:
The Last Cowboy Song
The Highwaymen, Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings & Kris Kristofferson
Roll Me Up
Willie Nelson, Snoop Dogg, Kris Kristofferson & Jamey Johnson
Born and Raised in Black and White
Why Me (Live)
Kris Kristofferson, Alison Krauss, Reba McEntire, Lady Antebellum, Willie Nelson, Jon Randall, Larry Gatlin, Jessi Alexander, Jessi Colter, Jack Ingram, Buddy Miller, Martina McBride, Ryan Bingham, Lee Ann Womack, Jennifer Nettles, Rosanne Cash, Emmylou Harris, Rodney Crowell, Dierks Bentley & The Travelin' McCourys, Darius Rucker, Jamey Johnson, Hank Williams, Jr., Eric Church & Shooter Jennings
16 Biggest Hits
The Essential Kris Kristofferson
The Silver Tongued Devil and I
Country Hangover
Overflowing with Gratitude
Ken Burns' Country Music
100 Greatest Classic Country Songs
Best of Willie Nelson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


WxiJiniu Machinery Co.,ltd. formerly known as Wuxi Metallurgical Machinery Factory, registered trademark for "Jinqiu" brand, was founded in June 1969. It is in Wuxi city, 150 kilometers far from Shanghai city. We have been to stated enterprise, since 2002, we recombined to private company, and got fast development, we are one big group now, our group mainly produces hydraulic press brake, hydraulic shears, coiling feeding line--especially for aluimnum cap making, slitting line, cut to length, transformer machines....and other series product. It is one of the earliest factory in China to make these metal sheet machines.
The company covers an area of 62,000 square meters with 300 people. It has advanced production equipment's with imported large CNC gantry milling machine, imported large CNC boring and milling machine, 100-ton carriageway and a series of iconic devices. Our excellent design team can make personalized products according to the users' demands. At the same time, we have established long-term cooperation with some famous university, such as Jiangnan university, Nanjing University, Jiangsu University. Through our research staff innovation and hard work, we have received dozens of patents. At the same time, we have ISO and CE certifications.
In the domestic market, we set up many offices in different cities, Beijing, Kunming, Hefei…And to the international market, in many countries, we have sales and service agent, USA, Peru, Brazil, India, Russia…. Our engineers have been to those countries to install our machines. Because of our machine good quality and good after-sales service, the customers give us very high commend.
We hope to set up very good and long cooperation with more customers around the word.
Company Name: WUXI JINQIU MACHINERY CO.,LTD.


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Come on over and see what we can offer free today. Absolutely love for you to come on and see that we are hasslefree Tulsa mortgage experience we have guaranteed a decision within 24 hours and we care about making long-term partners that grow with us to make the most out of their money and life so to do this we focus on exceeding expectations and quality and service because we know you're worth it so come on over to our website today to get started and we with love to see what he can do and how we can help you.
Come check out our fantastic team here at total lending concepts we have retail branches in New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma and Missouri in a corporate office is located in Colorado Springs Colorado. All customers have said that they appreciated the visit we coach them through the maze of mortgage financing we know that you have questions so we work hard to have the answers for you. Buying a home should be simple and stress-free if you're looking for a loan closing that offers no surprises think of us a call today and will make it easy for you.
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text:
L'état mexicain du Tabasco comprend 17 municipalités. La capitale est Villahermosa.

Liste des municipalités et des codes INEGI associés

Le code INEGI complet de la municipalité comprend le code de l'État - 27 - suivi du code de la municipalité. Exemple : Centro = 27004. Chaque municipalité comprend plusieurs localités. Ainsi, pour le chef-lieu de la municipalité de Centro, la ville de Villahermosa : 270040001.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Municipalités du Mexique

 Autres États de la péninsule du Yucatan
 Liste des municipalités du Campeche
 Liste des municipalités du Chiapas
 Liste des municipalités de Quintana Roo
 Liste des municipalités du Yucatan
 Campeche (État)
 Chiapas (État)
 Quintana Roo (État)
 Tabasco (État)
 Yucatán (État et péninsule)

Liens externes
 Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía INEGI
 INEGI : México en Cifras
 INAFED Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México : Tabasco
 INEGI : Tabasco - División municipal
 SEDESOL - Catálogo de Localidades : Tabasco

Tabasco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Q: Conditional return type based on argument type in Typescript I want to define a generic function type named Callbackify in Typescript that does the following things:

*

*If the given argument is undefined, return a promise of given generic type E

*If the given argument is a callback function, return void

I want to use it as a return type for this callbackify function:
function callbackify<E>(executor: () => Promise<E>):  Callbackify<E> {
   // omitted implementation
}

A few use cases of the function would be:
const fn = callbackify(() => Promise.resolve(4));

// given a callback function as an argument, so should return void
let returnValue = fn((err, value) => { console.log(err, value) })
typeof returnValue // void

//given no argument, so should return Promise<number>
let returnValue = fn()
typeof returnValue // Promise<number>

I have tried the following way but it does not seem to work as expected (it always returns void)
export type CallbackFunction<T> = (error: Error | null, value?: T) => void;
export type Callbackify<T extends CallbackFunction<E>> = (done?: T) => T extends undefined | null ? Promise<E> : void;

A: I would just use overloads. Overloads are a better match for what you are trying to do:

export type CallbackFunction<T> = (error: Error | null, value?: T) => void;
export type Callbackify<E> = {
    (done: CallbackFunction<E>): void;
    (): Promise<E>;
}

function callbackify<E>(executor: () => Promise<E>): Callbackify<E> { // Explicit return type not really necesarry
    function callbackified(done: CallbackFunction<E>): void;
    function callbackified(): Promise<E>;
    function callbackified(done?: CallbackFunction<E>): Promise<E> | void {
        return null!
    }
    return callbackified;
}

Playground Link

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A man in Kentucky caught a 20-pound 'goldfish' in a pond using a biscuit for bait
A Kentucky man caught this rare 20-pound koi in a private pond.
Facebook/Cassie Anderson
Hunter Anderson caught a 20-pound fish that resembles either an overgrown goldfish or a koi while fishing on a private pond in Kentucky over the weekend.
While Anderson told USA Today that he thought his catch was a goldfish, an expert said the fish is more likely a butterfly koi.
Anderson took a picture with the rare catch before releasing it back into the pond.
A Kentucky man made a rare catch while fishing over the weekend.
Hunter Anderson told WKYT that he and his girlfriend were driving back from Frankfort when they decided to stop at a private pond in Boyle County.
Lacking the typical bait, the 20-year-old decided to tempt fish in the pond with a leftover biscuit from breakfast.
Soon, Anderson was reeling in one of the strongest fish in his life.
"It was one of the hardest fighting fish I've ever fought," he told the Courier-Journal.
But Anderson eventually won the battle, reeling in what he estimated to the newspaper was a 20-pound, 30-inch-long goldfish.
"There's no faking that kind of fish," Anderson told WKYT. "It was crazy."
While Anderson thought it was an overgrown goldfish, Kevin Kelly, a spokesman for the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, told USA Today that the fish looks like it's a butterfly koi, judging by the "barbel near its mouth."
Read more: Why you should never release your pet goldfish into the wild
After posing for a few quick pictures, Anderson released the fish back into the wild.
But he's been catching likes ever since then. Anderson's sister, Cassie, posted a photo of the fish to Facebook, where it's been going viral.
"What you are witnessing is NOT national geographic! It is not a stolen image or edited photo!" Cassie wrote in the post. "This is my brother!! Who is holding what could possibly be.... that pet goldfish we flushed when I was 9!!!"
A pet owner in Sweden made a harness for his disabled goldfish that couldn't stay afloat
A voracious otter has eaten thousands of dollars worth of prized koi, and no one can stop him
A celebrity hotspot in a Trump hotel is reportedly closing after 'the Kardashians stopped coming' and business plummeted — here's what it's like to eat there
NOW WATCH: How popular brand YETI made their expensive coolers a status symbol in America
Kentucky goldfish koi


text:
2015| July-December | Volume 7 | Issue 2
Online since November 17, 2015
Massive clot formation after tooth extraction
Santosh Hunasgi, Anila Koneru, Vardendra Manvikar, M Vanishree, R Surekha
July-December 2015, 7(2):132-135
Oral surgical procedures mainly tooth extraction can be related with an extended hemorrhage owed to the nature of the process resulting in an "open wound." The attempt of this paper is to present a case of massive postoperative clot formation after tooth extraction and highlight on the oral complications of surgical procedures. A 32-year-old male patient reported to the Dental Clinic for evaluation and extraction of grossly decayed 46. Clinical evaluation of 46 revealed root stumps. Extraction of the root stumps was performed, and it was uneventful. Hemostasis was achieved and postsurgical instructions were specified to the patient. The patient reported to the clinic, the very subsequent morning with a criticism of bleeding at the extraction site. On clinical examination, bleeding was noted from the socket in relation to 46. To control bleeding, oral hemostatic drugs Revici - E (Ethamsylate 500 mg) was prescribed and bleeding was stopped in 2 h. However, a massive clot was formed at the extraction site. Further, this clot resolved on its own in 1-week time. Despite the fact that dental extraction is considered to be a minor surgical procedure, some cases may present with life-threatening complications including hemorrhage. Vigilant and significant history taking, physical and dental examinations prior to dental procedures are a must to avoid intraoperative and postoperative complications.
28,162 373 -
Role of antioxidants in facilitating the body functions: A review
Kiran Kumar Kattappagari, CS Ravi Teja, Radhika Kalyani Kommalapati, Chandrashekar Poosarla, Sridhar Reddy Gontu, Baddam Venkata Ramana Reddy
July-December 2015, 7(2):71-75
The cell damage will cause the release of free radicals. These free radicals will play an important role in any bioactive process of the cells. Antioxidants are one of the important components which plays a critical role to maintain the cell functioning and integrity of the cells. Antioxidants play an important role against the reactive oxygen species and maintain the normal activity of the cell. Antioxidants are preventing the free radical configuration tissue damage by preventing the formation of radicals or promoting their breakdown of free radical species. The review article explains the role of antioxidants in normal healthy conditions as well as diseases.
9,303 2,369 4
Antibiotic use in dentistry: A cross-sectional survey from a developing country
Sivaramakrishnan Gowri, Deeksha Mehta, Sridharan Kannan
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a well-known entity and the most common factor leading to this is the irrational use of antibiotics. Several studies from the West have substantiated the irrational use of antibiotics in dentistry. Aims: The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of antimicrobial drug use among dental fraternity in a tertiary care teaching dental college and hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey of various dental fraternities using a structured validated questionnaire. The study was initiated following approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and interns, junior residents and faculty members of various departments in dentistry were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. A structured validated questionnaire was developed to assess the above-mentioned objectives. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics was used for representing each category of response and kappa statistics were used to assess the reliability in the initial cohort. Chi-square test for independence was used to evaluate the difference in proportion between different professional cadres. Results: A total of 120 participants were recruited out of which 81.6% (98/120) of the participants accepted their frequent antibiotic usage. The most common dental indication of antibiotics among dentists was post dental extraction, attributing to 30.8% (37/120), followed by dental abscess 21.6% (26/120) and 60% (72/120) prescribed antibiotics after most minor surgical procedures. Surprisingly, 37.5% (45/120) of the participants opined that they use antibiotics against viral infection. Regarding the spectrum of antibiotic usage, 74.1% (89/120) preferred broad spectrum instead of narrow spectrum 25.8% (31/120). The commonly prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin 71.7% (86/120), metronidazole 33.3% (40/120), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid 26.6% (32/120). A total of (43/120) 35.8% opted generic name for mentioning the antibiotics while the rest (77/120) 64.2% preferred to prescribe using their brand name. Furthermore, (76/120) 63.3% did not know about the recent antibiotic policy/guidelines from the Government of India. There was no significant difference observed in any of the responses between various academic levels. Conclusion: We found poor KAP regarding antimicrobial use in dentistry thereby conferring increasing potential for the development of more serious antimicrobial resistance. Immediate constitution of hospital antibiotic committee and scrutinizing the prescription of antibiotics is mandatory in dental hospitals as well.
Current concepts of salivary gland tumors
Raj Kumar Badam, Sudheer Kanth, Sugunakar Raju, Sujan Kumar Kotha, Madhusudhan Rao, K Lalith Prakash Chandra
The embryonic development of salivary glands is a complex process that creates compact, highly organized secretory organs with functions essential for oral health. The development is an example of branching morphogenesis, recent research found to involve unexpectedly dynamic cell motility, and novel regulatory pathways. Numerous growth factors, extracellular matrix molecules, gene regulatory pathways, and mechanical forces contribute to salivary gland morphogenesis, but local gene regulation and morphological changes appear to play particularly notable roles. Salivary gland tumors are one of the most complex and relatively rare groups of lesions encountered in oral pathology practice. Their complexity is attributed to the heterogeneity of the cells of origin of these lesions. Frequent overlap of microscopic features among various neoplasms makes us sometimes even to differentiate benign and malignant lesions leading to a diagnostic dilemma. Here, we review and summarize the current concepts regarding the histogenetic and morphogenetic concepts of salivary gland tumors and their relevance to routine diagnosis and classification of these lesions.
4,242 1,228 -
New frontiers in oral health research
Elizabeth Anne Okumu Dimba
Antimicrobial activity of Triphala on Lactobacilli and Candida albicans: An in vitro study
Swati Chainani, Sunitha Siddana, Chhava Venkatkonda Reddy, Manjunathappa Thippeswamy, Manjunath Maurya, Sushma Rudraswamy
Aim: To determine whether Triphala (Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula, Emblica officinalis) extract has an antimicrobial activity against Lactobacilli and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of Triphala was prepared by using the cold extraction method. The extract was diluted with an inert solvent, dimethylformamide, to obtain 15 different concentrations of the extract. 0.2% chlorhexidine was used as a positive control and dimethylformamide was used as a negative control. The extract, along with the controls, was subjected to microbiological investigation to determine which concentration among the 15 different concentrations of the extract gave a wider inhibition zone against Lactobacilli and C. albicans. The zones of inhibition were measured in millimeters using a Vernier caliper. Results and Conclusions: Triphala extract demonstrated antimicrobial property against Lactobacilli and C. albicans with maximum zone of inhibition of 22 mm at 6% and 20 mm at 9%.
Lymphangioma of the buccal mucosa: A case report with a literature review
Chandrashekhar Pammar, Vijayalakshmi S Kotrashetti, Ramakant Nayak, Jagadish Hosmani
Lymphangioma is a benign, hamartomatous tumor of the lymphatic system. It is usually found in the head and neck region and is widely regarded as a developmental lesion rather than a true neoplasia. Most lymphangiomas are present at birth. In head and neck area, the most common location is the submandibular region, followed by the parotid gland. When lymphangioma occurs in the oral cavity, the anterior two third of the tongue is most commonly affected. The occurrence of lymphangioma in other parts of the oral cavity is very uncommon. Here, we report an unusual case of lymphangioma of buccal mucosa in a 45-year-old female.
Predictors of recurrence in early stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Chandrashekar Mani, G Lakshminarayana, Ann Kurian, Annapurneshwari
Introduction: Many histopathological parameters in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) have been identified as predictive factors. Certain tumor-related factors increase the risk of nodal metastasis, and many pathological factors affect survival. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify that tumor-related histopathological prognostic factors that can predict recurrence and potentially influence the decision for adjuvant radiotherapy in early stage OTSCC. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients who underwent surgery for early stage OTSCC (stage I, II) from 2007 to 2013 were selected. Demographic and clinical details were retrieved. Histopathological reports were reviewed for the following parameters-Margin status (close <5 mm, positive - Invasive squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], carcinoma in situ, marked dysplasia), microscopic depth of invasion, skeletal muscle infiltration (SMI), tumor differentiation, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of recurrence were identified using Univariate analysis. Results: Median follow-up was 22 months (range, 5-89 months), the overall survival and RFS were 88% and 81% respectively. The recurrence rate was 19.5% during this time period. The only significant predictor of recurrence in pathologically early stage OTSCC was SMI (P = 0.003) on univariate analysis. Eighty-seven percentage of the recurrences in our study occurred within the 1 st year, with a disease specific mortality rate of 12.5%. Conclusion: In early stage OTSCC, Failure occurred predominantly in patients who had SMI.
Severity of dental trauma and its associated factors in 11-16 years old school children in Davangere city, India
M Kirthiga, R Praveen, W Umesh
Introduction: Dental trauma till date has been one of the most common injuries affecting school children. Aim: The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors on dental trauma in 11-16 year old school going children of Davangere city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2000 school children who were randomly selected. A questionnaire was given to the children that included personal demographic details, place and cause of injury. Ellis and Davis classification was used to record traumatic dental injury. The values were subjected to Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was found to be 10.6%. Chi-square test showed significant results obtained with respect to all the variables-age, gender, type of school, profile, and overjet. Most commonly affected teeth were maxillary central incisor (79.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental trauma was found to be comparable when compared to various studies done all over the world.
Palisaded encapsulated neuroma
Adesh S Manchanda, Ramandeep Singh Narang, Geetika Puri
Palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN) is a benign cutaneous or mucosal neural tumor which, usually, presents as a solitary, firm, asymptomatic, papule or nodule showing striking predilection for the face. It occurs commonly in middle age, and there is no sex predilection. Oral PEN are not common, and these lesions must be distinguished from other peripheral nerve sheath tumors such as the neurofibroma, neurilemma (schwannoma), and traumatic neuroma. The major challenge in dealing with lesions of PEN is to avoid the misdiagnosis of neural tumors that may be associated with systemic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2B. Here, we present a case of benign PEN of the gingiva in the left anterior mandibular region, laying importance on immunohistochemical staining in diagnosing such lesions.
Study of polarization colors in the connective tissue wall of odontogenic cysts using picrosirius red stain
Anusha Shetty, Avinash Tamgadge, Sudhir Bhalerao, Treville Periera, Sandhya Tamgadge, Swati Gotmare
Background: Lesions of odontogenic origin comprise the heterogeneous group ranging from hamartomatous proliferations, cysts to benign and malignant tumors. Interplay between the epithelium and connective tissue can be assumed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts. Aims and Objectives: A study was taken up to show the role of picrosirius red (PSR) stain to demonstrate the fibers and also to assess the difference in the nature of the fibers (different color patterns) and to find out the role of it, if any in the pathogenesis and biological behavior of the commonly occurring odontogenic cysts. Materials and Methods: Collagen fibers of 30 cases of odontogenic cysts (10 radicular cysts, 10 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC's), and 10 dentigerous cysts) were studied by staining the sections with PSR stain and examining them under bright field and polarizing microscope. Results: Sixty-seven percentage of the thin collagen fibers and 55% of the thick fibers in radicular cyst showed green-yellow birefringence. Fifty-seven percentage of the thin collagen fibers and 15% of the thick fibers in OKC showed green-yellow birefringence. Eighty-two percentage of the thin collagen fibers and 66% of the thick fibers in dentigerous cysts showed green-yellow birefringence. Rest of the fibers showed orange-red birefringence. Statistical analysis with one-way ANOVA was significant with a P < 0.01 only for thick fibers. Moreover, comparison of polarization colors of thick fibers of odontogenic cysts with duration of the lesion gave statistically significant results. Conclusion: The observations in the present study with respect to color profiles of the collagen fibers in the three commonly occurring odontogenic cysts possibly explain the biological behavior of the lesions. The predominant orange-red birefringence in OKC's in comparison to radicular and dentigerous cysts suggests that OKC's exhibit well organized and tightly packed fibers. This may possibly explain the reason for the poorer prognosis of OKC's. It is suggested that though the epithelium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these lesions, even stroma is likely to play an equally important role in the pathogenesis and biological behavior.
Clinical effects of irrigation with Saussurea lappa extract in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A pilot randomized trial
Shilpa Trivedi, Jaya Dixit
Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested as the destruction of tooth supporting tissues, which may progress to tooth loss. The chemical antimicrobial agents are often applied locally into the periodontal pocket as adjuncts to conventional mechanical periodontal therapy, but these have various adverse effects. Root extract of Saussurea lappa has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess and compare the effect of root extract of S. lappa to chlorhexidine gluconate as subgingival irrigant as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). Materials and Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients in the age group of 25-45 years were selected for the study. Five hundred and forty periodontal pockets were treated by three different procedures: Group1: Subjects treated by SRP only, Group 2: In addition to SRP, irrigation with S. lappa extract was done and Group 3: Chlorhexidine was used as irrigant along with SRP. Periodontal clinical recordings (modified sulcular bleeding index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the presence of pus discharge) were done at 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. Results: The periodontal parameters studied improved in all the three groups over the time period. In 4-5 mm pockets, S. lappa treated group showed significant improvement than chlorhexidine treated group. Furthermore, a dramatic decrease in periodontal pockets with pus discharge was seen in this group. Conclusion: Subgingival irrigation with S. lappa might be a promising adjunct to conventional treatment options in the management of periodontal infections.
Achieving pulpal anesthesia with a topical anesthetic paste
Bradley Carn, Cyril Pandarakalam, Dana Jackson, Christa Hopp, Kevin Rowland
Aim: The efficacy of a topically applied formulation of tetracaine base (6%) was investigated against benzocaine in achieving pulpal anesthesia in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Materials and Methods: Subjects' baseline pulpal responses to an electric pulp tester were measured, followed by a 10 min application of either tetracaine anesthetic paste (TAP), benzocaine (20%), or placebo. Treatments were removed and pulp testing was performed at 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min postapplication. Results: TAP produced significant pulpal anesthesia at 184% ± 7.2% above baseline versus 14% ± 1.7% above baseline for benzocaine at 15 min (P < 0.03). Differences between treatments were tested with the Wilcoxon test and the Steel-Dwass test, which is the nonparametric version of the all-pairs Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Conclusion: Achieving profound anesthesia with a topical anesthetic paste could lead to injection less procedure, improved postsurgical incisional pain management, and ameliorate pain associated with a variety of lesions.
Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1, glutathione S-transferase theta 1, and glutathione S-transferase P1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A case-control study in Iranian population
Bahram Yaghmaei, Kaveh Yaghmaei, Mohammad Jafarian, Shima Golmohammadi
Background: Gene variability related to activation and detoxification of procarcinogens affects the susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The results of numerous studies investigating the interrelationship between polymorphisms of glutathione S- transferase enzymes are not conclusive and there are little data regarding this topic on Iranian population. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), and glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and the association with the risk of OSCC in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: The genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes were investigated in 35 Iranian patients with the OSCC and 60 age-sex matched controls. GSTP1 genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotyping was amplified with PCR using specific primers. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using SPSS 17 and the risk of OSCC in relation to GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism was defined. Results: The prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in OSCC group were significantly higher than the control group.(OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.04-6.5; P = 0.01 for GSTM1) (OR = 11, 95% CI = 9-31; P = 0.001 for GSTT1). The GSTP1 valine polymorphism was not significantly different between the study groups (P = 0.145). Conclusions: GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may increase the risk for OSCC development in Iranian patients.
A study to evaluate the changes in 3rd molar angulation with extraction of four premolars in class II malocclusion therapy
Özge Uslu-Akçam, Hatice Gökalp
Aim: The objectives of the study are to evaluate the changes in third molar angulation during orthodontic treatment with extraction of premolars in Class II malocclusions, and to evaluate the relationship between the angulation of third molars and positional changes of incisors and molars. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on lateral cephalograms and dental panoramic tomograms of 30 patients (mean age 13.48 years) with skeletodental Class II malocclusion treated with four first premolar extractions. Twenty-four cases were treated with edgewise, and six were treated with Begg technique. The changes in the eruption pattern of the third molars were observed at the beginning of the treatment (T1) and at the end of the treatment (T2). The changes in the anteroposterior position of the incisors and molars, original molar space, and mesiodistal third molar angulation were tested by paired t-test. Results: The positional changes of the upper/lower incisors and first molars and original molar space were found similar in edgewise and Begg technique. Original molar space was increased in both jaws during orthodontic treatment. Long axis angle of the upper right third molar due to occlusal plane was increased nonsignificantly. Lower right third molars uprighted significantly. A positive correlation was found between the inclination of the lower right third molars and position of lower incisors and first molars. Conclusion: Treatment with extraction of premolars result in a greater space in the third molar region as a result of the mesial movement of the molars during space closure.
Evaluation of genotoxic effect of amalgam restorations in oral cavity
Chennoju Sai Kiran, Reddy Sudhakara Reddy, Rajesh Nallakunta
Background: Mercury a popular heavy metal used in dentistry in the form of amalgam is a known clastogen. The assessment of micronuclei in cells is a promising tool for studying the genotoxic effect of mercury on them. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal cells of subjects with amalgam restorations. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects (age and gender-matched sample of 30 study group and 30 control group) were included in this study. Smears were obtained with moistened wooden spatula from buccal mucosa in close contact with amalgam restoration and fixed with 100% ethyl alcohol. After staining with Papanicolaou stain, all the slides were examined under ×40 and 1,000 cells were counted for the presence of micronuclei. The data were entered into a spread sheet and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: A statistically significant increase in the number of micronuclei containing cells was observed in the study group when compared to control group (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the duration of restoration and frequency of micronuclei (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed a definite genotoxic effect of amalgam restorations on the oral cavity which can be attributed to the clastogenic action of mercury in amalgam restorations.


You'll put a spell on your fellow party goers when you dress up in this Ladies' Evil Queen Halloween Fancy Dress Costume.
Included is a gorgeous black bandeau dress with a blue shiny contrasting panel running down the front and silver trim around the edgings, attached to the dress is a sheer black cape and a set of arm cuffs which give the dress an off the shoulder look. Why not add a pair of Fishnet Tights to complete the outfit?


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