West Midlands Traffic Commissioner Nick Denton, banned a plant and tool hire firm from operating HGVs for 12 months after describing its vehicle maintenance procedures as one of the worst he had seen. Vehicles were operated in an "appalling condition" according to the Traffic Commissioner. In addition to the poor condition of the vehicles they also failed to comply with drivers' hours and tachograph rules.
The O-licence was revoked on 30 January. The Transport Manager at the company was also disqualified for two years and the director disqualified from holding or obtaining an O-licence for a period of 12 months.
An investigation by the DVSA was undertaken after a prohibition was issued for five loose wheel nuts across two wheels; an inoperative indicator; brake pipe issues and an oil leak. The DVSA examiner found that the driver defect reporting system was ineffective and maintenance inspections were not carried out at the intervals required. The MoT pass rate was poor and the Transport Manager did not have the control required over the business's transport activities.
Ensuring vehicles are roadworthy and drivers comply with drivers' hours is essential to maintain should be a given and the recent case of a Tipper truck brake failure in the City of Bath Tipper highlights why there can be no excuse for failing to supervise drivers' hours or ensure effective vehicle defect reporting from drivers.


Montclair Auto Body is the largest family-owned collision repair facility in the Inland Empire serving Ontario, Montclair, Rancho Cucamonga, Upland, Pomona, Claremont, Chino, and San Bernardino County. After an accident, you can trust us to handle the entire insurance claim process, from making rental arrangements to providing an estimate to communicating with your insurance company. With Montclair Auto Body, you sign the paperwork and then you're done—until you get back behind the wheel.
We'll make arrangements for your rental vehicle.
We'll deliver your rental vehicle to you.
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At Montclair Auto Body, our goal is to get you back on the road as soon as possible, with as little headache as possible.
Our business was established in 1979 by Joseph and Margaret Govea, lifelong residents of the Ontario-Montclair area. Our success and size are due to the quality of repairs and exceptional customer service we deliver on a daily basis. Whether you come to us to fix a small scratch or perform a bumper-to-bumper restoration, you can expect us to treat you with respect and honesty. Our technicians use quality replacement parts and will repair your vehicle according to manufacturer specifications. Whenever possible, we use environmentally safe products and recycle all waste.
We work on American, European, and Asian vehicles, as well as big trucks, including Kenworth, Peterbilt, Mack, and Volvo. Regardless of what you drive or the repair you need, we will provide you with undivided attention and personalized service. You are not just a number at Montclair Auto Body.
Many customers don't realize the size of our shop. Our facility spans nearly two acres, and we have three paint booths (two Downdraft and one Crossflow Truck Booth). We can compete with the corporate collision shops in the area in size, quality and service—including equipment and certifications. We're a Honda/Acura ProFirst Certified Facility, and we're a certfied auto body shop for Nissan/Infiniti, GM, and Ford as well.
Montclair Auto Body works with all insurance companies, and is the preferred shop of many. Just bring us your estimate, and we'll make sure it covers the amount of repairs your vehicle needs. Then, we'll restore your car or truck to the way it was before the accident.
Our family has lived in the Montclair-Ontario area our entire lives. We not only serve the community through our business but also by participating in many local organizations, such as Calvary Chapel Ministries, Ontario Chamber of Commerce, Ontario Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, Unidos Por La Musica Outreach, Ontario Christian Athletic Program, Montclair High Athletic Program, Chaffey High Athletic Program, and Montclair Golden Girls Softball just to name a few.
Our shop is conveniently located two miles south of the 10 Freeway and one mile north of the 60 Freeway, enabling us to service all of the Inland Empire, including Ontario, Montclair, Claremont, Chino, Upland, Rancho Cucamonga, Pomona, Chino Hills, Glendora, and Mira Loma.
If you've been involved in an accident or need any type of auto body repairs, give us a call today!
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Fleurine & Boys from Brazil.
Acclaimed singer/songwriter Fleurine is back at Zinc with her Boys from Brazil to showcase songs from her new CD "Brazilian Dream." She's supported by Vitor Goncalves on accordion, Ian Faquini on guitar, Itaiguiarra Brandao on bass and Rogerio Boccato on Percussion. Showtime at 10:30 PM. Tickets: $20 at door.
For her brand new release "Brazilian Dream," Fleurine composed all the music on guitar and found herself a dream band made up out of up and coming, and some well established Brazilian musicians on the New York Jazz scene, some of whom she has collaborated with for many years like Vitor Goncalves on piano and accordion, Chico Pinheiro on electric guitar, Eduardo Belo on bass, Ian Faquini on acoustic guitar and Rogerio Boccato on percussion a.k.a. Boys from Brazil. Some familiar American boys were added to the mix, Chris Potter on Flutes and Saxes and Brad Mehldau on Fender Rhodes and piano to complete the dream.
"Brazilian Dream" showcases 8 brand new contemporary tunes based on deeply Brazilian grooves like bossa, baiao and samba and infused with plenty of Jazz. "Brazilian Dream" also boasts beautiful horn and string arrangements by Rafael Piccolotto de Lima.


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/ January 8, 2021 @ 5:22 pm
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The two-month rally which has erased most of the fourth-quarter 2018 sell-off was been followed by a rebound in all 11 market sectors. However, the standout has been big-cap technology stocks.
Specifically, cloud computing and cyber security issues have led the way. Consumer discretionary, utilities, industrials and select transportation also have contributed greatly to the broad-based move.
However, every rally that wants to extend itself comes with constant sector rotation in which new leadership emerges and bears the torch for the next leg higher. In the past couple of weeks, there has been a pronounced move into big-cap drug stocks like Merck (MRK), Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) and Eli Lilly (LLY). I currently recommend Merck and Eli Lilly in two of my trading services, Quick Income Trader and Instant Income Trader, and I'm happy to report that they are performing fabulously, as they traded to new all-times highs this past Friday.
So, what's next? There will likely be a leadership transition to the broader health care universe of stocks that includes big pharma, medical devices, diagnostics, insurers, pharmacy benefits managers and retail drug stores — the biotech/bio-pharma sub-sector. Many leading biotech and bio-pharma stocks have been mired in a one-year trading range since they have been weighed down by the constant harping on Capitol Hill to rein in drug prices.
And while this is a noble cause for many overpriced drugs, new novel therapies which target huge markets like diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and all forms of debilitating and fatal forms of cancer are racing to market via late stage trials which will do more for reducing the cost of health care by curing these diseases once and for all than all the grandiose tax schemes that are being created to finance the utopian "Medicare-For-All" bill that is now making its way through Congressional committee.
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As legacy drug companies see many of their proprietary drugs losing patent protection in the next one to five years, they will be prompted to acquire large bio-pharmaceutical companies with strong sales in existing new therapies to move the revenue needle. Rather than try to cherry pick the next Celgene deal, I believe it's best to cast a net over the best-of-breed names and buy exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
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Despite the sector's great promise, shares of IBB were hit hard during the December sell off, trading down to $90, before climbing back to their current price of $114. This ETF has a high of $122.97 and has been in a wide range for the past year. The all-time high of $135 was set back in mid-2015 — so any major breakout above $123 will invite a move back to the old high. It also has a strong prospect of trading higher given the three-year base in the chart.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you're going out for a nice night then these gloves will be a nice accompaniment. Free crochet mitten patterns are fun to make especially when they're vintage like these.
Thanks for the heads up - the link has been fixed.
@ Rosafox Thanks so much for posting this web site. It took me right to the pattern for these lovely gloves I am sooooo looking forward to crocheting. Again, thanks.
the Fair Lady Gloves crochet Pattern is not SHOWING up when I click for the pattrn...why?
Found another addy for the gloves that works: http://www.knitting-crochet.com/crochet/failadglo.html Enjoy!!
The link for the Fair Lady Gloves crochet pattern doesn't work. Do you have another link I can use? Thank you for your assistance.


Gerbera Plants – Cartwheel Strawberry Twist 4 out of 5 based on 14 ratings.
Gerbera Cartwheel Strawberry Twist extends this explosion of colour to the patio. The variety offers stunning pinks, soft yellows, striking reds and sunny greens in pots and containers for both indoor and outdoor use.
Semi-double, 4 inch blooms on vigorous plants are perfect for premium retail sales and patio-ready decorative pots. Bold rich colors of lemony yellow with hints of pink to deep strawberry, bloom continuously throughout the summer.
Gerbera jamesonii 'Cartwheel® Strawberry Twist' Gerbera Daisy. Series: Cartwheel® Our products are available for retail purchase only. Please call for availability as stock levels fluctuate throughout the season. We are unable to ship plants or other products.
Gerbera jamesonii 'Cartwheel® Strawberry Twist' Gerbera Daisy. Series: Cartwheel® Our products are available for retail purchase only. Please call for availability as stock levels fluctuate throughout the season. We are unable to ship plants or other products.
Gerbera Plants – Cartwheel Strawberry Twist Gerberas have been a favourite for decades, and their popularity continues to grow. Today, they are one of the five most popular flowers (behind roses, carnations, chrysanthemums and tulips).
Gerbera Cartwheel Strawberry Twist extends this explosion of colour to the patio. The variety offers stunning pinks, soft yellows, striking reds and sunny greens.


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Lammers – Crowley
By Daily Camera |
Laura Lammers, daugher of Debbie and Chris Lammers, of Niwot, is engaged to be married to Daniel Crowley, son of Ruthanne and Joe Crowley, of Foster City, Calif.
Laura graduated from Niwot High School in 2004, the University of Virginia in 2008 and Georgetown University in 2013. She is employed in the San Francisco office of FleishmanHillard, an international public relations firm.
Daniel graduated from St. Francis High School in Mountain View, Calif., in 2006 and Claremont McKenna College in 2010. He is employed by Google in Mountain View, Calif.
The couple are planning an October wedding in Sonoma County, Calif., and will reside in San Francisco.
Build your own terrarium at Terracotta and other Boulder events for today
Trippy full-dome music experience at Fiske Planetarium and other Boulder events for today


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Die Burg Ochsenstein () ist eine elsässische Felsenburg, die sich in der Gemeinde Reinhardsmunster befindet. Sie besteht aus den drei einzelnen, direkt nebeneinanderliegenden Anlagen Groß-Ochsenstein (auch Großes Schloss, ), Klein-Ochsenstein (auch Kleines Schloss, ) und Wachelheim () besteht. Die Burg war der Stammsitz des gleichnamigen elsässischen Adelsgeschlechts, das im Mittelalter die Herrschaft Ochsenstein begründete.

Die Ochsensteiner errichteten ihre Burg auf drei regional typischen Felsen aus Buntsandstein. Die Oberburg von Groß-Ochsenstein stammt aus der ersten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts, während Klein-Ochsenstein als Sitz der Vögte von Wasselnheim möglicherweise schon in der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts existiert haben könnte. Im Laufe ihrer Geschichte zweimal bei Belagerungen teilweise zerstört und anschließend wieder aufgebaut, beschädigte ein Brand die Burg im 16. Jahrhundert derart stark, dass ein erneuter Wiederaufbau unterblieb. Die gesamte Anlage ist heute eine Ruine und steht schon seit dem 6. Dezember 1898 als Monument historique unter Denkmalschutz. Sie ist für Besucher kostenlos und frei zugänglich.

Lage
Die Burg befindet sich auf dem Gebiet der Gemeinde Reinhardsmunster in den nördlichen Vogesen und steht dort am südlichen Ende des 584 Meter hohen Schlossbergs. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen Höhenburgen in den Vogesen steht sie nicht an der Ostkante des Gebirges, sondern etwa einen Kilometer weiter westlich. Von dort reicht der Blick bis in die lothringische Ebene und zum Burgberg der Dagsburg. Die Ochsensteiner Anlage lag wohl an einem vielgenutzten Weg zur rund 5,5 Kilometer entfernten Dagsburg, die eine der wichtigsten Hochadelsburgen der Vogesen war.

Geschichte

Ochsensteiner
Der Burgberg war schon in prähistorischer Zeit besiedelt, doch erst im Jahr 1186 erscheint der Name "Ochsenstein" mit Otto I. von Ochsenstein, Sohn Ottos von Geroldseck, erstmals schriftlich. Wegen der Nennung des Familiennamens kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Burg Ochsenstein zu jener Zeit schon existierte und von der Familie von Geroldseck erbaut worden war. Als Otto I. 1217 erkrankt war, regelte er seinen Nachlass und teilte den Besitz unter seinen drei Söhnen auf. Durch die entsprechende Urkunde ist belegt, dass es zu jener Zeit schon mehr als eine Anlage auf dem Burgberg gab. Ottos ältester, Otto II., erhielt den südlichen Felsen und das darauf stehende Groß-Ochsenstein. Der Sohn Eberhard bekam das Burghaus (domus) der Vögte von Wasselnheim zugesprochen, das sich vermutlich auf dem mittleren Felsen befand. Eberhard nutzte dies jedoch nie als Wohnsitz, sondern bezog nach dem wohl baldigen Tod seines jüngsten Bruders Conrad dessen Burg Greifenstein, die sechs Kilometer weiter nördlich bei Saverne liegt.

Als Otto II. um 1240 Kunigunde von Habsburg, die Schwester des späteren Königs Rudolf I., heiratete, begann der Aufstieg der Ochsensteiner zu einem der bedeutendsten Adelsgeschlechter des Unterelsass. Ottos II. und Kunigundes erstgeborener Sohn Otto III. begleitete seinen königlichen Onkel auf Kriegszügen und Unternehmungen vor allem in Böhmen. Als Dank für seine Loyalität und Treue ernannte ihn Rudolf I. zum Landvogt () im Elsass und Breisgau.

1284 wurde ein Teil der Burg belagert, eingenommen und zerstört. Mit Gewissheit handelte es sich dabei um Klein-Ochsenstein und möglicherweise auch um den Nordteil der Anlage. Tatsächlich war es wohl so, dass Klein-Ochsenstein im Besitz der Vögte von Wasselnheim war, die Gefolgsleute Friedrich III., Herzog von Lothringen, waren. Dieser lag in Konflikt mit der Straßburger Bischof Konrad III. von Lichtenberg, mit dem Otto III. von Ochsenstein verwandt und verbündet war. Die zerstörten Gebäude ließ Otto III. anschließend wieder aufbauen.

Nach dem Tod Rudolphs I. wurde er durch dessen Nachfolger Adolf von Nassau als Landvogt bestätigt. Auch Otto IV. von Ochsenstein bekleidete ab 1315 dieses Amt. Bei seinem Tod 1327 wurde er durch Otto V. beerbt. Dessen drei Kinder stritten sich nach seinem Ableben um das Erbe. Ein Schiedsgericht sprach Ochsenstein schließlich den Brüdern Otto VI. und Rudolph zu. Ihre Schwester musste die von ihr erhobenen Ansprüche auf Ochsenstein aufgeben. Otto VI. trug seine Burg 1378 dem Bischof von Metz zu Lehen auf. Seine Familie nutzte die Anlage zu jener Zeit nicht mehr als Wohnsitz, weshalb sie nur noch von Burgmannen bewohnt war. In der Folgezeit diente sie mehrfach als Pfandobjekt, und der Unterhalt der Gebäude wurde stark vernachlässigt. 1382 wurde Klein-Ochsenstein ein weiteres Mal in seiner Geschichte zerstört. Rudolph II. von Ochsenstein lag im Streit mit der Stadt Straßburg, deren Truppen Klein-Ochsenstein belagerten, einnahmen und schleifen ließen. Bis spätestens 1393 war sie aber wieder aufgebaut, denn in jenem Jahr wurde für sie ein Burgfrieden geschlossen.

1391 verkauften die Ochsensteiner ein Viertel ihrer Burg an den Pfalzgrafen Ruprecht II. Damit begannen sie, die Anlage stückweise fremden Herren zu öffnen oder an diese zu veräußern. Ein Grund dafür war wohl der allmähliche, gesellschaftliche Abstieg der Herren von Ochsenstein, seit das Haus Habsburg nicht mehr die deutschen Könige stellte. In der Folge geriet das Geschlecht während des 15. Jahrhunderts unter das Protektorat der Kurfürsten von der Pfalz. In einer Auseinandersetzung zwischen Friedrich von Ochsenstein, einem Sohn Rudolphs II., mit dem Markgrafen von Baden, Bernhard I., nahm letzterer die Burg Ochsenstein ein. Er erhielt 1407 ein Erböffnungsrecht und Friedrich von Ochsenstein trat Bernhard und seinem Sohn Jakob I. die Hälfte der Burg auf Lebenszeit ab und schloss einen Burgfrieden mit ihnen. 1410 verpfändete Otto VI. einen Teil der Burg Ochsenstein für 1000 Gulden an dem Straßburger Bischof Wilhelm II. von Diest. 1411 bestätigte Friedrichs Bruder, Volmar, den Burgfrieden mit dem Markgrafen von Baden und räumte zeitgleich Ludwig IV. von Lichteneck das Öffnungsrecht für seine Burg ein.

Von Volmar von Ochsenstein kam der Besitz nach seinem Tod 1426 an seinen damals noch minderjährigen Sohn Georg, der als letzter männlicher Ochsensteiner 1485 starb.

Zweibrücken-Bitsch
Die Burg ging anschließend als Erbe über Georgs Schwester Kunigunde, die Heinrich I. von Zweibrücken-Bitsch geheiratet hatte, an Georgs Neffen Heinrich II. von Zweibrücken-Bitsch über.

Dessen Sohn Georg verpfändete die derweil heruntergekommene Anlage 1527 für 2800 Gulden an Ulrich von Rathsamhausen. Dieser ließ bis 1553 Bauarbeiten an der Anlage ausführen. So wurde unter ihm zum Beispiel ein alter Turm abgerissen und durch einen Neubau ersetzt sowie Erneuerungen am Torbau der Burg und an den Stallungen vorgenommen. Insgesamt investierte Ulrich über 4000 Gulden. Über seine Tochter Anne kam Burg Ochsenstein an die Familie ihres Mannes, Sebastian von Landsberg. Von ihm löste Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch die Anlage wieder ein und ließ Groß-Ochsenstein bis 1559 wiederaufbauen. Allerdings brannte schon im Winter 1559 die Anlage ab und ist seither eine Ruine.

Hanau-Lichtenberg
1570 kam es zu einem weiteren Erbfall, der die Burg Ochsenstein zur Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg brachte: Graf Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1510; † 1570) und sein schon 1540 verstorbener Bruder Simon V. Wecker hinterließen nur jeweils eine Tochter als Erbin. Die Tochter des Grafen Jakob, Margarethe (* 1540; † 1569), war mit Philipp V. von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599) verheiratet. Zu dem sich aus dieser Konstellation ergebenden Erbe zählten auch die Herrschaft und die Burg Ochsenstein. In der Verwaltungsstruktur der Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg wurde die Burg Ochsenstein dem Amt Westhofen zugeschlagen.

Während des Dreißigjährigen Kriegs wurde die Burg 1632 von schwedischen Truppen gänzlich zerstört wurden. Zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts diente die Ruine als Steinbruch, aus dem unter anderem das Material zum Bau eines nahe gelegenen Jagdhauses gewonnen wurde. Dieses Gebäude stürzte im 19. Jahrhundert ein. Mit der Reunionspolitik Frankreichs unter König Ludwig XIV. kam das Amt Westhofen unter französische Oberhoheit.

Hessen-Darmstadt und Nachfolger
Nach dem Tod des letzten Hanauer Grafen, Johann Reinhard III., fiel das Erbe – und damit auch die Burg Ochsenstein – 1736 an den Sohn seiner einzigen Tochter, Charlotte, den Erbprinzen und späteren Landgrafen Ludwig (IX.) von Hessen-Darmstadt. In Hessen-Darmstädtischer Zeit wird die Burg – nun ganz ruiniert – nicht mehr als Bestandteil des Amtes Westhofen aufgeführt.

Mit dem durch die Französische Revolution begonnenen Umbruch wurde das Amt Westhofen Bestandteil Frankreichs und in den folgenden Verwaltungsreformen aufgelöst.

Seit den 1890er Jahren erfolgten mehrfach Restaurierungen der erhaltenen Burgreste, eine wissenschaftlich begleitete Ausgrabung fehlt jedoch bis zum heutigen Tag.

Beschreibung

Die erhaltenen Reste der Burg Ochsenstein liegen auf drei bebauten Felsen, die sich als Ausläufer eine Felsplattform in Nord-Süd-Richtung aneinanderreihen. Der mittlere der drei Felsen ist unbetretbar, während der Zutritt zu den übrigen beiden über in den Felsen gehauenen Treppen möglich ist. Die unterste Stufe des Nordfelsen ist dabei nur durch eine Eisenleiter zu erreichen. Jede der drei einzelnen Anlagen besaß eine etwas tiefer gelegene Vorburg. Als Baumaterial kam der am Burgberg anstehende rote Sandstein zum Einsatz, der als Buckelquader oder hammerrechter Quader verbaut wurde. Da nirgends eindeutige Reste von Bausubstanz aus der Zeit vor 1200 festzustellen sind, ist es möglich, dass der dort ab den 1180er Jahren vorhandene Bau aus Holz errichtet worden war und erst im 13. Jahrhundert durch Steinbauten ersetzt wurde. Baubefunde bezeugen zumindest, dass alle drei Felsen in jenem Jahrhundert neu bebaut wurden.

Zur Burganlage gehörte auch das heutige Forsthaus Haberacker, das etwa 500 Meter südlich unterhalb der Ruine steht. Es ist seit 1567 sicher belegt und war wahrscheinlich ein Wirtschaftshof der Burg.

Groß-Ochsenstein

Von der südlichen, rund 50 Meter langen Burg Groß-Ochsenstein ist noch am meisten erhalten. Wie so häufig bei elsässischen Burgen wurde ihr Grundriss durch die Gestalt des Felsens vorgegeben. Zugang zu ihr gewährt eine von Osten kommende Treppe, die erst 1893/1904 angelegt wurde. Sie führt in einen ehemaligen Wachraum, der vermutlich auch im Mittelalter als Eingang diente. Er lag etwa in der Mitte eines länglichen Baus mit einer Reihe von hintereinanderliegenden Räumen. Nördlich schloss sich dem Wachraum eine Küche an, was anhand des noch erhaltenen Ausgusssteins zu erkennen ist. Sie besaß eine als Felsenkeller angelegte Speisekammer. Nördlich der Küche lag der sogenannt Nordbau. Südlich des Wachraums schloss sich der Südbau an, an den sich westlich, auf der höchsten Stelle des Burgfelsens, die Burgkapelle anschloss. Ihre Reste besitzen einen fünfeckigen Grundriss und weisen an den breitesten Stellen Maße von 3,20 Tiefe sowie 4,80 Meter Breite auf. An der Ostseite besaß sie einen polygonalen Abschluss mit zwei Fenstern, deren Öffnungen noch zum Teil erhalten sind. Der Eingang lag in der Südwest-Ecke. Als Altar diente ein Mauerabsatz. Abgeschlossen war der kleine Bau durch ein niedriges Kreuzrippengewölbe, dessen Schlussstein sich in etwa drei Meter Höhe befand.

An der Südspitze Groß-Ochsensteins stand ein polygonaler Wohnbau mit Mauern aus Buckelquadern. In seinem Inneren befand sich eine ovale Filterzisterne, die noch vergleichsweise gut erhalten ist. Von dort wurde das gesammelte und gefilterte Regenwasser über einen Schacht in den zentralen Burgbrunnen geleitet. Wie viele Geschosse die Bauten der Anlage einst aufwiesen, kann heute wegen der nur wenigen erhaltenen Mauerreste nicht mehr festgestellt werden. Den nördlichen Abschluss Groß-Ochsensteins bildet die Ruine des viereckigen Bergfrieds mit trapezförmigem Grundriss. Seine Spitze war der Angriffsseite im Norden und damit Klein-Ochsenstein zugewandt. Die Reste seiner zwei Meter dicken Außenmauern aus Bossenquadern sind nur noch drei Meter hoch, weswegen seine ursprüngliche Höhe heute nicht mehr zu ermitteln ist.

Von der großen Vorburg Groß-Ochsensteins, die etwa neun Meter tiefer als die Kernburg lag, sind nur noch vereinzelte Mauerreste und Schuttwälle erhalten. Im Süden steht noch ein Stück der hohen Ringmauer, die an den Kernburgfelsen anschloss. Über einem Sockel aus Bossenwerk findet sich eine Rundbogenpforte, die als Ausfalltor diente. Daneben sind Reste eines Aborterkers und der Brustwehr mit einer Schlüsselscharte erkennbar. Einziger deutlich sichtbarer Rest der langen östlichen Ringmauer ist in deren ungefährer Mitte ein halbrunder Schalenturm mit Mauern aus Glattquadern. Rudimentäre Mauerreste zeigen, dass sich der Ostmauer an deren Innenseite einst eine 9,50 Meter tiefe Bebauung anschloss. Der nördliche Teil der Vorburg wurde später als die südlichen Partien errichtet. Vermutlich wurden letztere kurz nach oder zeitlich mit der Hauptburg angelegt und dann bis um 1300 ergänzt. Denkbar ist sogar, dass sich der Ausbau der Vorburg bis in das 16. Jahrhundert zog.

Klein-Ochsenstein und Wachelheim

Entlang der nördlichen Vorburgseite von Groß-Ochsenstein zieht sich ein Graben als Schutz gegen den nur 30 Meter entfernten mittleren Burgfelsen. Nur weitere 30 Meter davon entfernt findet sich bereits der Nordfelsen.

Die Plattform des mittleren Felsens ist lediglich 15 bis 20 Meter lang, sodass darauf nur ein einziges Gebäude Platz fand, dessen Grundriss sich an den Felskanten orientierte. Seit 1454 wurde diese mittlere Burg als Klein-Ochsenstein bezeichnet. Im Osten steht davon noch ein zwölf Schichten hoher Mauerrest aus Buckelquadern. Einige weitere Partien sind auch im Westen erhalten. Der Eingang liefert mit der Form seines Türsturzes ein Indiz dafür, dass der Bau schon in der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts, also deutlich vor 1200, existiert haben könnte. Von der Vorburg Klein-Ochsensteins sind nur noch sehr geringe Reste erhalten.

Zwischen dem Mittel- und dem Nordfelsen fehlt jegliche Abgrenzung, was als Indiz dafür gedeutet werden kann, dass es sich bei den mittleren und nördlichen Gebäuden um nur eine einzige Burg gehandelt haben könnte, oder diese zwei kleinen Anlagen im Laufe der Zeit zu einer verschmolzen. Sichere Belege für diese Annahme fehlen bisher aber noch, ebenso wie der Besitzer der Nordburg bislang noch nicht ermittelt werden konnte. Die heute für die nördliche Burg geläufige Bezeichnung Wachelheim resultiert aus einem Lesefehler der Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1217, in der Otto I. von Ochsenstein seinen Nachlass geregelt hatte. Der darin benutzte Name Wazelheim ist die alte Schreibweise des Ortes Wasselnheim.

Der Nordbau ähnelt dem des mittleren Felsens. Es existieren noch geringe Reste der Außenmauer eines polygonalen, von der Felsform bestimmten Gebäudes, dessen Einstieg sich in acht Meter Höhe befindet. Seine Vorburg, die sich am Fuße des Felsen an dessen Ost- und Südseite befand, ist nur noch ganz rudimentär erhalten.

Literatur
 Thomas Biller, Bernhard Metz: Der spätromanische Burgenbau im Elsaß (1200–1250) (= Die Burgen des Elsaß. Architektur und Geschichte. Bd. 2). Deutscher Kunstverlag, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-06635-9, S. 369–382.
 Dagobert Fischer: Ochsenstein, les châteaux et la seigneurie. Etude historique. R. Schultz & Cie., 1878.
 Walter Hotz: Handbuch der Kunstdenkmäler im Elsass und in Lothringen. 3. Auflage. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München 1976, ISBN 3-422-00345-2, S. 188.
 René Kill: La citerne à filtration du château de Grand-Ochsenstein. In: Etudes médiévales. Bd. 3, 1985, , S. 125–143.
 Friedrich Knöpp: Territorialbestand der Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg hessen-darmstädtischen Anteils. [maschinenschriftlich] Darmstadt 1962 [Vorhanden im Hessischen Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, Signatur: N 282/6].
 Nicolas Mengus, Jean-Michel Rudrauf: Châteaux forts et fortifications médiévales d′Alsace. Dictionnaire d′histoire et d′architecture. La Nuée Bleue, Straßburg 2013, ISBN 978-2-7165-0828-5, S. 233–234.
 Charles-Laurent Salch: Dictionnaire des châteaux de l'Alsace médiévale. Publitotal, Straßburg 1978, S. 227–228.
 Bernadette Schnitzler: Reinhardsmunster. Château d'Ochsenstein. In: Roland Recht (Hrsg.):  Le guide des châteaux de France. 67 Bas-Rhin. Hermé, Paris 1981, ISBN 2-86665-024-7, S. 135–137.
 Guy Trendel, Christophe Carmona: Les châteaux des Vosges. Band 3: Les châteaux autour de Saverne. Pierron, Sarreguemines 1999.
 Jean Wirth: Les châteaux forts alsaciens du XIIème au XIVème siècle. Band 1. Centre d'archéologie médiévale de Strasbourg, Straßburg 1975, S. 63–64.
 Felix Wolff: Elsässisches Burgen-Lexikon. Verzeichnis der Burgen und Schlösser im Elsass. Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1979, ISBN 3-8035-1008-2, S. 248–250.

Weblinks

 Geschichte, Grundrisse, Fotogalerie (französisch)
 Ausführliche Geschichte auf der Site des Châteaux Forts d'Alsace (französisch)
 Bilder aus der Base Mémoire

Fußnoten

Ochsenstein
Ochsenstein
Bauwerk in den Vogesen
Ochsenstein
Erbaut im 12. Jahrhundert
Monument historique in Reinhardsmunster
Ochsenstein
Ochsenstein
Monument historique seit 1898
Ochsenstein

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Hotel Rwanda Video Questions: PLEASE ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES AND
Hotel Rwanda Video Questions:
PLEASE ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES AND SUBMIT IN THE D2L ASSIGNMENT DROPBOX.
1) When the film opens what is the feeling between Hutu and Tutsi? Who is in the majority? What is the justification for hatred?
2) What kind of person does Paul initially appear to be to viewers?
3) What event seems to precipitate the genocide? Is the political, historical context handled by the film adequately? (Was enough information given to explain why the genocide occurred?) Explain.
4) Do you believe Paul is supporting the Tutsi genocide by buying products from one of the men of the Interahamwe militia? Why or why not? Support your answer with facts from the movie.
5) Why does the UN Colonel refuse to take action or to take the hotel's refugees?
6) In the beginning of the film Paul makes a statement that "family is all that matters." Explain how he evolves from thinking only of his family to saving more than 1200 people. What causes this change to occur?
7) Explain the Press man's comment to Paul about people watching the genocide on TV. What do you think needs to happen to get people to change and get involved in events like Rwanda? Do you think people would stand by and watch today why or why not?
8) What are Paul's initial expectations of a Western response to Rwanda's crisis?
9) Why does the UN withdraw its forces and the non-Rwandan inhabitants?
10) Explain the UN Colonel's disturbing comments on the UN's decision not intervene. What do you think he means when he tells Paul, "you're not even a nigger"?
11) At the end of the film Paul locks the doors to the Hotel. Why do you think he does this? What do you think it symbolizes?
12) This film does a great job at showing the best and worst of human kind. Reflect on your own life. Give an example of a time you took a stand for something and are proud of yourself still today.


It can be hard to talk about wine. It's difficult to know what words to use and it can be intimidating – what if I get it wrong? To make it easier we've written this guide to help you start describing wine like an expert. But it's important remember that ultimately wine is made to be enjoyed. Wine preferences are extremely personal – everyone has different likes and dislikes – so there really is no right or wrong.
Now let's dive into how you describe wine. There are three types of descriptors. I'm going to call them generic, specific and abstract. Each one has its own benefits and challenges.
The generic words we use to describe wine are probably also the ones that you'll hear most commonly. These are terms such as light, dry, smooth, sharp, or rough. There are a few more that don't enter the lexicon quite so readily. If a wine has too much acidity it is called sharp but then if there isn't enough acidity we call it flabby. A dry wine is one that has little or no sugar but then a drying wine is one that has an abundance of tannin. The obvious benefit of these descriptors is that they're easy to learn and allow us all to compare wines, styles and preferences pretty easily. The downside is that there's a limit to how much we can actually say with them.
Specific terms work a bit differently. They're often flavour or aroma descriptors that tell more about the wine. A shiraz be generically dry, full-bodied and smooth. However, to be more specific, there may be aromas of juniper, licorice and plum with flavours of black pepper, blueberry and leather. These descriptions can really help to identify defining characteristics of the wine or of the drinker's preferences. The difficulty is that pinning down exactly what taste the wine brings to mind can be difficult. Sometimes I find it hard to identify what exactly it is that I am tasting and the only way I've found to overcome this is to share the wine and talk about it. You'd be amazed at what flavours your friends might identify and once you hear them say it aloud you can recognise it in the glass, too. The challenge then is getting their descriptors out of your head!
Abstract terms work a little like specific ones, but they go further and draw on both the overall impression of the wine and the specific flavours. Some wines are lively, some are brooding. Some wines feel rustic or clean or restrained or generous… Whatever the wine makes you feel about it is what determines how you might describe its character.
The good news is that there's really only one way that I know of to make yourself comfortable in describing wine with colourful language that shares your experience and tells the story of the wine: practice. Don't be shy, say what you feel and remember, it's not just about you and it's not just about the wine. It's about what the wine inspires in you and about what memories, associations and biases you bring to the experience.


Men and women are a unit and designed to work together. They are a unit not because they are married, but because they are in Christ. They are not the opposite, they compliment each other. Part of Adam was taken out (a different expression) to create woman. The Lord is calling you to be vulnerable with Him, to depend upon His love and acceptance. The Lord's intention is to keep moving us forward until we look like His Kingdom, to bring us to His standard.
Danny shared a message that Jim Goll released for 2009 and beyond. It is the year of the Woman. Women in ministry and leadership will be released globally in the body of Christ.


text:
Flu (influenza): Symptoms and treatment
Flu (influenza): FluWatch surveillance
Weekly influenza reports
FluWatch report: January 12 to 18, 2020 (week 03)
Download the alternative format
(PDF format, 737 KB, 13 pages)
Organization: Public Health Agency of Canada
Influenza surveillance
Influenza activity either decreased or remained similar to the previous week across multiple indicators; however, activity remains elevated overall in many parts of the country.
Influenza A remains the predominant circulating type and influenza B continues to circulate at higher levels than usual.
Influenza A(H1N1) is currently the dominant influenza A circulating in Canada, representing 77% of subtyped influenza A specimens in week 03.
The highest cumulative hospitalization rates are among children under 5 years of age and adults 65 years of age and older.
Influenza/ILI Activity (geographic spread)
Laboratory Confirmed Influenza Detections
Syndromic/Influenza-like Illness Surveillance
FluWatchers
Influenza Outbreak Surveillance
Severe Outcomes Influenza Surveillance
Influenza Strain Characterizations
Antiviral Resistance
Vaccine Monitoring
Provincial and International Influenza Reports
Influenza/Influenza-like Illness (ILI) Activity (geographic spread)
During week 03, influenza activity was reported in all provinces and territories and in almost all regions (48). Among these regions, 58% reported sporadic activity, 38% reported localized activity, and 4% reported widespread activity (Figure 1). A large proportion of elevated influenza activity (localized and widespread activity) is concentrated in Central Canada (Ontario and Quebec) and in pockets in the Praires and British Columbia.
Figure 1 – Map of influenza/ILI activity by province and territory, Canada, week 2020-03
Number of Regions Reporting in Week 03: 53 out of 53
Figure 1 - Text equivalent
Influenza Surveillance Region
N.L. Eastern Sporadic
N.L. Labrador-Grenfell No Activity
N.L. Central Sporadic
N.L. Western Sporadic
P.E.I. Prince Edward Island Sporadic
N.S. Zone 1 - Western No Activity
N.S. Zone 2 - Northern Sporadic
N.S. Zone 3 - Eastern No Activity
N.S. Zone 4 - Central Sporadic
N.B. Region 1 Sporadic
N.B. Region 5 Localized
Que. Nord-est Localized
Que. Québec et Chaudieres-Appalaches Sporadic
Que. Centre-du-Québec Widespread
Que. Montréal et Laval Localized
Que. Ouest-du-Québec Localized
Que. Montérégie Localized
Ont. Central East Localized
Ont. Central West Localized
Ont. Eastern Localized
Ont. North East Localized
Ont. North West Localized
Ont. South West Localized
Ont. Toronto Localized
Man. Northern Regional Sporadic
Man. Prairie Mountain Sporadic
Man. Interlake-Eastern Sporadic
Man. Winnipeg Localized
Man. Southern Health Sporadic
Sask. North Sporadic
Sask. Central Sporadic
Sask. South Localized
Alta. North Zone Sporadic
Alta. Edmonton Localized
Alta. Central Zone Sporadic
Alta. Calgary Localized
Alta. South Zone Localized
B.C. Interior Sporadic
B.C. Fraser Widespread
B.C. Vancouver Coastal Sporadic
B.C. Vancouver Island Sporadic
B.C. Northern Sporadic
Y.T. Yukon Sporadic
N.W.T. North No Activity
N.W.T. South Sporadic
Nvt. Qikiqtaaluk Sporadic
Nvt. Kivalliq Localized
Nvt. Kitimeot No Activity
Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Detections
In week 03, the percentage of laboratory tests positive for influenza was similar to the previous three weeks. Influenza A and B continue to co-circulate. Among subtyped influenza A detections, the proportion of A(H1N1) has continued to increase.
The following results were reported from sentinel laboratories across Canada (Figures 2 and 3):
The percentage of tests positive for influenza was similar to the previous three weeks at 26%. While this is slightly higher than the average (23%) for week 03 over the past five seasons, the plateau suggests that we are in the peak of laboratory detections.
The percentage of tests positive for influenza A has increased only slightly over the past four weeks, from 15% in week 52 to 16% in week 03.
The percentage of tests positive for influenza B was interrupted in its recent decline, increasing slightly from 9% in week 02 to 10% in week 03. This continues to be three times greater than the average (3.6%) for this time of year.
Among subtyped influenza A detections, the proportion of A(H1N1) increased from 75% in week 02 to 77% in week 03.
To date this season (weeks 35 to 03), 20,432 laboratory detections of influenza were reported:
59% (12,149) were influenza A.
Among subtyped influenza A detections (3 461), A(H1N1) is now the predominant subtype overall this season (56%), due to the increase in A(H1N1) detections in recent weeks.
Detailed information on age and type/subtype has been received for 15,398 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases (Table 1). To date this season (weeks 35 to 03):
Among cases of influenza A(H3N2) (1,324), the largest proportion were in adults 65 years of age and older (47%).
Cases of influenza B (6,806) were primarily in younger age groups; 55% of cases were under 20 years of age and 32% between 20 and 44 years of age.
Among cases of influenza A(H1N1) (1,226), 32% of cases were in adults 65 years of age and older, with nearly equal proportions in adults 20-44 years (26%) and 45-64 years (25%).
For more detailed weekly and cumulative influenza data, see the text descriptions for Figures 2 and 3 or the Respiratory Virus Detections in Canada Report.
Figure 2 - Number of positive influenza tests and percentage of tests positive, by type, subtype and report week, Canada, weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
Number of Laboratories Reporting in Week 03: 36 out of 36
The shaded area indicates weeks where the positivity rate was at least 5% and a minimum of 15 positive tests were observed, signalling the period of seasonal influenza activity.
Surveillance Week
A(Unsubtyped)
A(H3N2)
A(H1N1)pdm09
Percent Positive A
Percent Positive B
35 10 16 0 2 1.3 0.1
37 5 17 2 5 0.9 0.2
40 34 9 1 2 1.2 0.1
42 54 12 1 14 1.6 0.3
44 43 23 16 17 1.8 0.3
47 118 49 33 124 3.1 1.9
50 463 100 73 654 7.7 8.0
51 794 149 169 1094 10.6 10.4
52 1223 267 197 1439 15.0 12.7
1 1620 261 431 1533 15.8 10.3
2 1691 165 493 1463 15.8 9.4
Figure 3 – Distribution of positive influenza specimens by type/subtype and province/territoryFootnote *, Canada, weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
Footnote *
Specimens from NWT, YT, and Nvt are sent to reference laboratories in other provinces.
Return to footnote * referrer
ProvincesTable Figure 3 - Footnote 1
Cumulative (August 25, 2019 to January 18, 2020)
A Total
A(UnS)Table Figure 3 - Footnote 3
B Total
A & B Total
B.C. 886 146 227 178 593 1479
Alta. 1773 382 903 488 2070 3843
Sask. 618 0 0 618 179 797
Man. 462 63 59 340 547 1009
Ont. 3346 1308 272 1766 750 4096
Que. 4764 0 0 4764 3849 8613
N.B. 151 23 9 119 211 362
N.S. 32 0 0 32 23 55
P.E.I. 10 0 0 10 12 22
N.L. 51 4 24 23 33 84
Y.T. 22 4 8 10 2 24
N.W.T 30 21 8 1 11 41
Nvt. 4 0 0 4 3 7
Canada 12149 1951 1510 8353 8283 20432
PercentageTable Figure 3 - Footnote 2 59% 16% 12% 69% 41% 100%
Table Figure 3 - Footnote 1
Return to Table Figure 3 - Footnote 1 referrer
Percentage of tests positive for sub-types of influenza A are a percentage of all influenza A detections.
Unsubtyped: The specimen was typed as influenza A, but no result for subtyping was available.
Table 1 - Cumulative numbers of positive influenza specimens by type, subtype and age group reported through case-based laboratory reporting, Canada, weeks 2020-01 to 2020-03
Influenza A
Influenza A and B
A (Un subtyped)Table 1 Footnote 1
0-4 1242 133 132 977 1452 2694 17%
5-19 789 79 165 545 2259 3048 20%
20-44 1640 314 198 1128 2202 3842 25%
45-64 1597 305 208 1084 382 1979 13%
65+ 3324 395 621 2308 511 3835 25%
Total 8592 1226 1324 6042 6806 15398 100%
Table 1 Footnote 1
Table 1 Return to footnote 1 referrer
Syndromic / Influenza-like Illness Surveillance
Healthcare Professionals Sentinel Syndromic Surveillance
In week 03, 2.1% of visits to healthcare professionals were due to influenza-like illness (ILI) which is the average for this time of year (Figure 4).
Figure 4 – Percentage of visits for ILI reported by sentinels by report week, Canada, weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
Number of Sentinels Reporting in Week 03: 91
The shaded area represents the maximum and minimum percentage of visits for ILI reported by week from seasons 2014-2015 to 2018-2019
35 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% 0.9%
1 3.0% 3.4% 1.9% 5.4%
The proportion of FluWatchers participants reporting symptoms of cough and fever increased slightly in week 03 compared to the previous week. In week 03, 3,222 participants reported to FluWatchers, of which 3.3% (106) reported symptoms of cough and fever (Figure 5).
Among the 106 participants who reported cough and fever:
25% consulted a healthcare professional;
76% reported days missed from work or school, resulting in a combined total of 282 missed days of work or school.
72% reported having been vaccinated for influenza this season.
If you are interested in becoming a FluWatcher, sign up today.
Figure 5 - Percentage of participants reporting fever and cough, Canada, weeks 2019-40 to 2020-03
Number of Participants Reporting in Week 03: 3,222
% cough and fever
40 2.2%
Online Figure – Geographic distribution of FluWatchers participants reporting cough and fever, Canada, week 2020-03
Click on the map to access the link
In week 03, the number of new laboratory-confirmed influenza outbreaks decreased. A total of 40 outbreaks were reported: 27 in long term care facilities, 10 in acute care facilities, and 27 in facilities categorized as 'other', which includes facilities such as private personal care homes, correctional facilities, and colleges/universities (Figure 6).
To date this season, a total of 421 laboratory-confirmed influenza outbreaks have been reported; 59% (249) in long-term care facilities, 28% (116) in facilities categorized as 'other', 12% (51) in acute care facilities, and 1% (5) in schools/daycares. Of the 393 outbreaks where influenza type was reported, 89% (351) were due to influenza A. Among the 179 outbreaks for which the influenza A subtype was reported, 59% (106) were associated with A(H3N2). Eight ILI outbreaks in schools/daycares have also been reported.
Figure 6 – Number of new outbreaks of laboratory-confirmed influenza by report week, Canada, weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
Number of provinces and territories reporting in week 03: 13 out of 13
Acute Care Facilities
Long Term Care Facilities
Schools and Daycares
Remote and/or Isolated Communities
51 4 14 11 0 0
2 9 76 34 0 0
3 10 27 3 0 0
Provincial/Territorial Influenza Hospitalizations and Deaths
To date this season, 946 influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported by participating provinces and territoriesFootnote †.
64% of the cases were associated with influenza A.
Of the 498 cases for which subtype was reported, 75% were associated with influenza A(H3N2).
The highest cumulative hospitalization rates up to week 03 were adults 65 years of age and older (32/100,000 population) and among children under 5 years of age (30/100,000 population).
Eighty-one ICU admissions and thirteen deaths have been reported.
57% of the ICU admissions and 77% of the deaths were associated with influenza A.
Figure 7 – Cumulative rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations by age-group and surveillance week, Canada, participating provinces and territoriesFootnote 1 weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
Number of provinces and territories reporting in week 03: 9 out of 9
Footnote ‡
Influenza-associated hospitalizations are reported by Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Yukon. Only hospitalizations that require intensive medical care are reported by Saskatchewan.
Return to footnote 1 referrer
65+ yrs
35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
50 11.1 3.0 1.8 2.2 10.0
1 25.8 6.2 4.2 5.9 25.9
Pediatric Influenza Hospitalizations and Deaths
In week 03, 81 pediatric (≤16 years of age) laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported by the Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT) network (Figure 8). The weekly number of cases decreased for the second consecutive week but remains above the 5-year maximum in week 03.
The elevated number of cases in recent weeks is likely due to the concurrent circulation of influenza A and B this season. The number of influenza A-associated pediatric hospitalizations is similar to the average for this time of year. Influenza B usually circulates later in the season, in February or March. However, this season, the number of hospitalizations with influenza B is well above average compared to previous seasons, and occurring earlier in the season.
To date this season (weeks 35 to 03):
560 pediatric hospitalizations have been reported by the IMPACT network, of which 52% (289) were associated with influenza B and 49% (271) with influenza A.
The largest proportion of hospitalizations (66%) were among children under 5 years of age (Figure 9).
Among cases in children under 5 years of age (367), 54% were associated with influenza A, compared to cases in children 5 to 16 years of age (193), among whom 63% of cases were associated with influenza B.
78 ICU admissions were reported, of which 51% (40) were associated with influenza A.
Less than five pediatric deaths have been reported.
Figure 8 – Number of pediatric (≤16 years of age) hospitalizations reported by the IMPACT network, by week, Canada, weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
The shaded area represents the maximum and minimum number of cases reported by week from seasons 2014-15 to 2018-19
45 3 10 2 37
Figure 9 - Cumulative number of pediatric hospitalizations (≤16 years of age) with influenza by age-group reported by the IMPACT network, Canada, weeks 2020-01 to 2020-03
Figure 9 - Text Description
0-5 mo 73
6-23 mo 149
2-4 yr 145
10-16 yr 74
Adult Influenza Hospitalizations and Deaths
Surveillance of laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated adult (≥16 years of age) hospitalizations by the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Serious Outcomes Surveillance (SOS) network began on November 1st for the 2019-20 season. In week 03, the number of cases decreased for the second consecutive week.
To date this season, 352 hospitalizations, 15 intensive care unit admissions, and six deaths have been reported (Figure 10). The majority of hospitalizations have been due to influenza A (88%), and among those subtyped (93) 91% were influenza A(H1N1). The largest proportion of hospitalizations are in adults 65-79 years of age (34%) and adults 80 years of age and older (32%) (Figure 11).
Figure 10 - Number of adult hospitalizations (≥16 years of age) with influenza reported by the CIRN-SOS network, by week, Canada, weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
Figure 10 - Text Description
Number of Hospitalizations
35 No data
Figure 11 - Cumulative numbers of adult hospitalizations (≥16 years of age) with influenza, by age-group, reported by the CIRN-SOS network, Canada, weeks 2019-35 to 2020-03
Total hospitalizations
65-79 yr 120
80+ yr 111
From September 1, 2019 to January 23, 2020, the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) has characterized 456 influenza viruses (142 A(H3N2), 190 A(H1N1) and 124 influenza B) that were received from Canadian laboratories.
Influenza A(H3N2)
Over recent years, circulating strains of A(H3N2) have evolved, and are increasingly difficult to characterize by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Genetic characterization is established by sequencing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the influenza viruses to compare their genetic properties.
Antigenic Characterization:
Among the 38 influenza A(H3N2) viruses antigenically characterized to date, the majority (89%) showed reduced titer by HI assay to A Kansas/14/2017 using antiserum raised against egg-propagated A Kansas/14/2017. Four viruses were characterized as A Kansas/14/2017-like (Figure 12 a).
Genetic Characterization:
Nearly all (98%) of the 135 A(H3N2) viruses genetically characterized this season belonged to genetic group 3C.2a1b based on sequence analysis of the HA gene. Three viruses belonged to the genetic group 3C.3a (Figure 13).
Group 3C.2a1b viruses analysed represent:
74% (28 out of 31) viruses that were also antigenically characterized.
100% (104 out of 104) viruses which did not grow to sufficient hemagglutination titer for antigenic characterization by HI assay.
A/Kansas/14/2017 belongs to genetic group 3C.3a and is the influenza A(H3N2) component of the 2019-20 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine.
Among the 190 A(H1N1) viruses characterized to date, 62% were antigenically similar to A/Brisbane/02/2018 by HI testing using antiserum raised against egg-propagated A/Brisbane/02/2018 (Figure 12 b).
A/Brisbane/02/2018 is the influenza A(H1N1) component of the 2019-20 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine.
Among the 124 influenza B viruses antigenically characterized this season, the vast majority (122) belonged to the B/Victoria lineage. Two viruses were antigenically characterized as similar to B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Yamagata lineage).
The majority (89%, 108) of B/Victoria lineage viruses showed reduced titer by HI assay to B/Colorado/06/2017 using antiserum raised against cell culture-propagated B/Colorado/06/2017 (Figure 12 c).
Sequence analysis showed that 100% of the 105 B/Victoria lineage viruses showing reduced titre to B/Colorado/06/2017 had a three amino acid deletion (162-164) in the HA gene. Sequencing is pending for the remaining three viruses.
The recommended influenza B components for the 2019-20 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine are B/Colorado/06/2017 (Victoria lineage) and B/Phuket/3073/2013 (Yamagata lineage). B/Phuket/3073/2013 is included in the quadrivalent influenza vaccine.
Figure 12 - Distribution of antigenic phenotypes among characterized influenza viruses, Canada, September 1, 2019 to January 23, 2020
A) Antigenic phenotypes among influenza A(H3N2) viruses
Number of viruses characterized: 38
Antigenic phenotype of A(H3N2) virus
Number of viruses
A/Kansas/14/2017-like 4 11%
Reduced titer to A/Kansas/14/2017 34 89%
B) Antigenic phenotypes among influenza A(H1N1) viruses
Number of viruses characterized: 190
A/Brisbane/02/2018-like 117 62%
Reduced titer to A/Brisbane/02/2018 73 38%
C) Antigenic phenotypes among influenza B viruses
Antigenic phenotype of influenza B virus
B/Colorado/06/2017-like 14 11%
Reduced titer to B/Colorado/06/2017 108 87%
B/Phuket/3073/2013-like 2 2%
Figure 13 - Distribution of genetic clades among characterized A(H3N2) influenza viruses, Canada, September 1, 2019 to January 23, 2020
Number of viruses sequenced: 135
Genetic Clade of A(H3N2) virus
Subclade 3C.2a1b 132 98%
Clade 3C.3a 3 2%
The National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) also tests influenza viruses received from Canadian laboratories for antiviral resistance. From September 1, 2019 to January 23, 2020, the following results were reported:
Oseltamivir:
277 influenza viruses (118 A(H3N2), 72 A(H1N1) and 87 B) were tested for resistance to oseltamivir:
All influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir.
Among the A(H1N1) viruses tested, 71 (99%) were sensitive to oseltamivir and one virus was resistant to oseltamivir with the H275Y mutation in the neuraminidase gene.
Zanamivir:
277 influenza viruses (118 A(H3N2), 72 A(H1N1) and 87 B) were tested for resistance to zanamivir:
All influenza viruses tested were sensitive to zanamivir.
Amantadine:
High levels of resistance to amantadine persist among influenza A(H1N1) and influenza A(H3N2) viruses. All viruses tested this season were resistant.
Vaccine monitoring refers to activities related to the monitoring of influenza vaccine coverage and effectiveness.
Vaccine Coverage
Influenza vaccine coverage estimates for the 2019-20 season are anticipated to be available in February or March 2020.
Vaccine Effectiveness
Influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates for the 2019-20 season are anticipated to be available in February or March 2020.
The data in the FluWatch report represent surveillance data available at the time of writing. All data are preliminary and may change as more reports are received.
To learn more about the FluWatch program, see the Overview of influenza monitoring in Canada page.
For more information on the flu, see our Flu (influenza) web page.
We would like to thank all the Fluwatch surveillance partners participating in this year's influenza surveillance program.
This report is available on the Government of Canada Influenza webpage.
Ce rapport est disponible dans les deux langues officielles.


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[CSIDE] The ChoiceScript IDE (v1.3.3 Now Available — 05/09/2022)
Kathy January 7, 2023, 8:32pm #1234
Oh, I'm using Choice Script IDE since it's much easier to use.
CJW January 7, 2023, 9:26pm #1235
You can use regexes in the search functionality. This is a rather complicated use-case, so it's not documented. But if you click the "*" icon in the search bar, you should then be able to write something like:
\bBlaine\b
Which should only show results for Blaine that is surrounded by word boundaries (e.g. a space).
You can Google about regexes quite easily if you wish to know more.
Don't forget to toggle this off afterwards so you don't get weird search results later.
Unfortunately the current public version of CSIDE doesn't have project-wide find and replace, but the beta version does. So if you're interested in trying that out, please join the Discord: ChoiceScript IDE
Or try it online via ChoiceScript IDE.
Kathy January 8, 2023, 5:25am #1236
Oh! Thank you so very much! This will help a lot <3
Kathy January 10, 2023, 2:39pm #1237
Is there a way we can undo using this
I was trying to mess around and explore the new update, and tried to click on that, But now all the indentation of If and Else along with fake_choice and choices are nulled
CJW January 10, 2023, 6:20pm #1238
If you use undo (ctrl+z) straight after I believe it's possible. Otherwise if you've closed the program or otherwise cleared the undo stack, I think you'll be out of luck.
I'd be interested to have an example of choicescript code that it messes up though, as this sounds like buggy behaviour.
I kind of had a back up available thankfully but if you click on "Convert all indentation to space" and then "Conveet all space to indentation" it just removes all the spaces and the if and the words below it become the same
Speedcubing_Gaming January 16, 2023, 3:23am #1240
Just downloaded on my new computer and was unable to update to the latest version of CSIDEx64, see screen snip below.
CSIDE_Capture_15012023848×503 39.3 KB
Check your PMs
Kshatriya January 17, 2023, 8:16am #1242
I have a question, does CSIDE flag bad formatting outside of commands? It looks like it only catches ${this and @{this, but not $this, $this}, or {this}.
CJW January 17, 2023, 9:07am #1243
The current release has minimal syntax highlighting patterns that can help detect some mistakes, but it's definitely not all encompassing. The version currently in development improves a lot in this area.
Tibokas January 24, 2023, 8:12pm #1244
I hope you dont mind if i ask you another question, i thought it better to ask here than make a new topic. I've come across a bit of a problem. Using your solution worked perfectly, except for the fact that one of my variables seems to increase everytime i enter and exit the stat screen. Now, i've done some testing and noticed that it only happens when using CSIDE and not when running the game through a web app. Do you know if this is a known bug or if i'm doing something wrong?
How to set var1 = var1+var2*var3
Nahim_Kerman January 25, 2023, 12:17am #1245
There was some cases where this little bug also happened in the compiled game as well. Its the famous "reroll" glitch.
I believe you can fix it by adding a command like a *page_break or a *goto just after the increment line but I may be wrong.
Eiwynn January 25, 2023, 12:22am #1246
I moved your question to the CSIDE thread, so that @CJW or another can help figure out what is going on.
I'm sorry if this is a stupid question but could you explain what you mean by 'increment line'? I am pretty new to coding and not quite sure what that expression means. And thank you for taking the time to try and help.
CJW January 25, 2023, 11:41pm #1248
I don't have anything to add here currently, it does sound like the reroll glitch to me (though should be equally present everywhere). "Increment line" here is referring to your *set command which is "incrementing" (posh word for increasing) your variable value.
Thank you so much for taking the time to explain. It seems to have solved the issue.


At the centre of my vision of manhood there is no lone man standing tall against the sunset, but a blended figure composed of a grandfather, a father and a son. The boundaries between them are porous, and strong impulses of care, wisdom and delight pass across the synapses of the generations. Good and heroic men are generations in the making - cradled in the hearts and initiated in the arms of fathers who were cradled in the hearts and initiated in the arms of their fathers.
Now if you know me, hearing me saying that I got excited about this quote may sound a little strange as I have no sons of my own. I'm not even married. You might expect me to have a good old rant (privately if not in public) at the fact that single people often feel like they are the relational lepers of life, cut off from the highs and lows that are the relational adventures of marriage and family life, and instead being doomed to live in a world of gazing at their own navels. But I won't, not because I am hiding that reaction from you, but because I genuinely did not feel that way when I read it.
You see when God created the world, he intended that earthly families be a picture of his new spiritual family. Membership of this family is not dependent on your life circumstances or relative successes, but on God's open invitation of mercy to the whole world. When it works as it should; the love, tenderness, sacrifice and intimacy expressed in earthly families mirrors that which should be best demonstrated in the new family of God - the church.
So whilst I am not a father in the legal sense, I can be a father figure in a small part to many a young lad, both in the church family and beyond; through prayer, biblical instruction and practical life wisdom.
Blood may be thicker than water, but the Bible tells me that the Spirit of God who unites all God's children together as one is thicker still.
I can, (and I have a duty to) help cradle, nurture and initiate boys and young men into being real men, and better still, into being zealous and enduring disciples of Jesus.
This is especially poignant for me given that I work in a boys' school and only this morning had a boy tell me that he didn't know who his real dad was. He had never met him. My heart went out this little lad. He is by no means exceptional in our generation.
John expresses this vision for enduring godly men cradling and initiating the next (spiritual) generation a lot better than Sam, Stephen and I do.


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Stephen Hawking >
Stephen Hawking Scraps Glastonbury Appearance
By WENN in Movies / TV / Theatre on 26 June 2015
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Stephen Hawking Eddie Redmayne
Legendary Physicist Stephen Hawking Axed His Appearance At Britain's Glastonbury Festival On Friday (26jun15).
Picture: Stephen Hawking and Eddie Redmayne - A variety of stars were photographed at the EE British Academy of Film and Television Awards 2015 Official After...
The scientist, who was portrayed by Eddie Redmayne in acclaimed film The Theory of Everything, was due to make a speech at the fabled music event in Somerset, England on Friday (26Jun15), but he pulled out at the last minute.
A spokesperson for Hawking tells Telegraph.co.uk the decision to scrap the appearance was made for "personal reasons".
The cancellation comes just hours after rapper Azealia Banks also exited the line-up, axing her Saturday (27Jun15) slot.
Other non-music events at this year's (15) festival include a talk by Welsh singer Charlotte Church and Russian punk rockers-turned-activists Pussy Riot, which took place on Friday morning, and a planned appearance by the Dalai Lama on Sunday (28Jun15).
RIP Stephen Hawking: Remembering The 21st Century's Answer To Albert Einstein
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Stephen Hawking Says He Would Consider Assisted Suicide
Stephen Hawking to Play Glastonbury. Yep. We Said It.
Stephen Hawking To Appear At Glastonbury
And Now...Stephen Hawking on Why Zayn Is Still In One Direction
So What Does Stephen Hawking Think About Zayn Malik Leaving One Direction?
Stephen Hawking 'very proud' of Eddie Redmayne
Are Google and Stephen Hawking Going to 'Solve' Death? Oh Dear
Stephen Hawking Has No Illusions About The Afterlife: "A Fairytale For People Afraid Of The Dark"
Hawking Movie Review
The Theory Of Everything Trailer
Coming from a privileged upbringing, cosmologist and theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking naturally had a first-rate...
Stephen Hawking proves to be an entertaining storyteller in this autobiographical documentary in which, with...
Hawking Trailer
Stephen Hawking is without doubt the most famous living scientist on the planet having risen...


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Obama's Earth Day visit gets mixed reaction
President Obama will speak about sea level rise, climate change and Everglades restoration.
Obama's Earth Day visit gets mixed reaction President Obama will speak about sea level rise, climate change and Everglades restoration. Check out this story on news-press.com: http://newspr.es/1GfFbFi
CHAD GILLIS, CGILLIS@NEWS-PRESS.COM Published 3:39 p.m. ET April 21, 2015 | Updated 11:55 a.m. ET April 22, 2015
Andrew West/The News-PressWork progresses on a Tamiami Trail Bridge that was recently built over the southeastern Everglades near Shark Valley. The bridge will allow water to flow into the southern Everglades. Work progresses on a Tamiami Trail bridge that was recently built over the southeastern Everglades near Shark Valley. The bridge will allow water to flow into the southern Everglades. It is the first of five bridges that are planned along the trail that will aid in Everglades restoration.(Photo: Andrew West/The News-Press / Andrew West/News-Press)Buy Photo
President Barack Obama will deliver a message Wednesday about climate change and its potential impacts on Florida during an Earth Day visit to Everglades National Park.
Obama's remarks are scheduled at 3:55 p.m. Visit news-press.com then to watch them live.
A report released by his administration last year shows much of our region underwater by 2050. The Third National Climate Assessment paints a gloomy picture for South Florida, that the region will lose $40 billion a year in tourism revenue.
Obama supporters say the President is coming to Homestead to bring focus on the need to restore the Everglades.
Others say his trip is more about political posturing and convincing tax payers to spend more money on an issue they don't believe exists.
How Obama should act on Everglades [Your Take]
We reached out to the community through emails, traditional print, our website and various social media platforms to find out what is on your minds. Check back with The News-Press for live coverage on Wednesday. Here is a list of concerns and quotes from readers of The News-Press and Facebook users on President Obama's visit to the Everglades:
"Maybe he could spend some quality time with nature out there until January 20th 2017 but then that could be the end of our everglades." -- Shawn O'Brien, Cape Coral
"I think that it's nice that he showed up for Earth Day. It's not like Obama is running for re-election. On the other hand we know that Scott doesn't care about the earth, water, or climate change (Global Warming). Scott only cares about Big Sugar and those who put money into his pockets." -- Steven Wollam, Cape Coral
"His visit is to bring attention to the need for the restoration of the dying Everglades and the need to focus on climate change." -- Harriet Williams, Matlacha
"Of course it's politics as usual." -- Mike Hautamaki, Cape Coral
"Have you noticed Southwest FL water get ugly too with discharges from Lake Okeechobee. I had friends here in 2013 and they will never come back. They think this part of Florida is gross. No it was just not tannin in the water. Obama is just trying to get Floridians to step up and protect their state and the tourist business it counts on." -- Vanda Greenwood, Rotunda
"Politics as usual. The Everglades has been going through a restoration project for years. They are just not working fast enough. The Army Corps of Engineers ruined it years ago then abandoned it. Shame on them." -- Paul Owens, Orange Park
"He only wants to tax us to death and using this as excuse!! Global warming is because of the sun phases, not humans!!" -- Ray Gilmore, Fort Myers
"I hope he comes to support plan to move water south and even the folks (like me) who think he is a lousy President will support him on this." -- Paul Reynolds, Fort Myers
"His trip to the Everglades is a farce. He is coming to talk about how Global Warming, which hasn't been proven, is affecting Florida. Sorry, but we just don't have enough data to prove global warming." -- Jason Edward Jones, Fort Myers
What should Obama do on Everglades restoration?
Paving crews work on the Merrit Pump station in the Picayune strand on Friday. The pump station is one of three that is being built as part of the Everglades restoration project. (Photo: Andrew West/The News-Press / Andrew West/News-Press)
• Everglades restoration: Restoring the Everglades has been discussed for decades, but the real push came in 2000, when Congress authorized the the first phase of the restoration. The most significant restoration project in Lee County is the Caloosahatchee Reservoir, which is designed to capture excess stormwater run-off.
• Climate change: Rising sea levels pose a great threat to the Everglades as ocean water is expected to gobble up much of South Florida by 2050. Saltwater in the fresh water sections of the Everglades could destroy ecological systems and render drinking water aquifers useless.
• Funding: Congress authorized the Everglades Restoration through a Water Resources and Development Act in 2000. President Obama signed a similar bill last year, which sent money to Florida to build bridges along Tamiami Trail to allow Lake Okeechobee water to flow south to Everglades National Park. The restoration is a cost-share agreement between the state and federal government that started with a cost estimate of $8 billion and that is now up to $10.5 billion.
Sources: National Park Service, Army Corps of Engineers, South Florida Water Management District
AT A GLANCE: EARTH DAY
Wednesday is the 45th anniversary of Earth Day.
Events worldwide are held to demonstrate support for environmental protection.
Earth Day is celebrated on April 22.
The first Earth Day was in 1970.
More than 192 countries will participate this year.
For more information: earthday.org.
OBAMA IN THE EVERGLADES WEDNESDAY
According to the White House, President Obama will arrive at Miami International Airport on Air Force One at 1 p.m. Wednesday. He will travel to the Earnest F. Coe Visitor Center at Everglades National Park. He is expected to give his remarks at 3:55 p.m. The President will return to Washington on Air Force One, departing Miami at 5:45 p.m.
Connect with this reporter: ChadGillisNP on Twitter.
Read or Share this story: http://newspr.es/1GfFbFi
What roads are closed Monday for the MLK parade?
Four Fort Myers teens injured in crash
Mark Sievers transferred to death row
6 Wendy's in SWFL cited for child labor law violations
Shooting on SE 8th Place draws Cape Coral police
Meet the 31 teachers who are up for a Golden Apple award in Lee County


This research examines the factors that religious pilgrims draw upon when constructing a personal meaning of their visit to Lourdes. Through an ethnographic examination of twenty-five individuals it finds that their experiences may be characterized by the common themes that comprise 'lived connections', unexpected 'encounters', 'visual' and 'curative' content. These themes parallel those that feature in the seminal account of Bernadette Soubirous vision of the Virgin Mary in 1858, which we collectively term 'Echoes of Bernadette'. Those who successfully navigate the apparently contested spaces and interact in meaningful encounters are partaking of a pilgrimage that is rooted in the religious and the historic. The study provides a contribution to the theory of pilgrimage by declaring that it may be enacted in a post-postmodern duality that accepts the freedom of the individual but recognizes their need for experiences that are grounded in a sociohistorical 'truth'.


A high performance carport with a curved and clear upscale dessign that is designed to be set-up easily by a do-it-yourself assembly. Easy assembly - 2 persons, no special tools, no foundation fixing needed. Maintenance free - no rust, rot, moss or fungus. Sturdy and durable - designed to resist extreme weather conditions. Rust resistant powder coated frame made of aluminium and galvanized steel. Virtually unbreakable polycarbonate covering.


All the best Greg. Looking forward to hearing all about it in April.
Did you have surgery Greg?
Sorry it has taken me so long to get back to you!
Work has been so busy and I have been bogged down with it.
Yes! I underwent a Giga two day session with DHI in glasgow on the 8-9 of April I think it was. Everything went well.
I am just about at 4 month stage now and it has started growing in.
I am not sure how to upload photos though on here?
You will not regret it believe me.
You will not regret having the surgery!
Thanks for popping back to update. Your hair is looking good, makes a big difference to your appearance and only 6 months in.
Yeah I am really happy so far!
Could you start your own thread with details and pictures of the surgery?
How long does t take after the therapy for the the hair to actually grow? does it hurt after the process is done?
Sorry to jump on your thread gregg.......Robert Growth typically starts around month 3 post op but does vary from person to person slightly and pain is minimal after surgery and can be managed with pain killers for a short while.....more of a discomfort to me rather than actual pain Imo.
Hey, sorry I have been offline for ages!
My growth started around 3 months after the surgery.
I have just had a smaller procedure in February 2019 also with DHI in Glasgow, on my crown area to fill in any smaller gaps.
So it should be another 3 months before I see any growth there.


Marmot Collins Tank W - L / Grey is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock.
Fueling our dreams and our waking lives, our adventures keep us hungry for more. Go live it in the Women's Collins Tank. This quick-to-wick-and-dry tank's foundation is built on high performance stretch materials, durable flat-locked seams, and a weave that provides some sun protection. A scoop neck and cutout back garnishes this functional tank with unique and flattering details.


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The Japanese Lung Cancer Smoking Paradox
Tdubphoto/Moment/Getty Images
Is it true that Japanese men smoke more but get lung cancer less frequently than men in the United States and Europe, even though they smoke more? This isn't a myth, It's true. But why?
The seeming incongruity that those in Japan smoke more but have a lower lung cancer rate than the United States, is known as the "Japanese smoking lung cancer paradox." The debate is not about smoking since we know that smoking causes lung cancer. The debate is about why Japanese (and other Asian) smokers have a lower incidence of lung cancer, even though they smoke more. The answer to the questions surrounding this paradox is likely a combination of reasons.
Rates of Lung Cancer vs Smoking in Japan and the U.S.
Upon noting that there were more male smokers in Japan but a lower risk of lung cancer, researchers set out to make some comparisons. They found that the difference was not related to the amount of smoking. The men from the United States and those from Japan smoked for essentially the same number of years, and also averaged the same number of cigarettes daily.
Yet, while in the United States the "odds ratio" of lung cancer in male smokers vs non-smokers was 40.1 (in other words, male smokers were 40 times more likely to develop lung cancer than male non-smokers in the U.S.), the odds ratio in Japan was 6.3. In other words, male smokers in Japan were only 6.3 times as likely to develop lung cancer as male non-smokers.
Relative Rates of Lung Cancer in Other Asian Countries
The lung cancer paradox is clearly true and is not isolated to Japan. The relative risk of lung cancer in a 2016 study found that relative to the 40:1 relative risk in the United States, smokers in Korea were 4.0 to 4.6 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers. The relative risk in Japan in this study was 3.7 to 5.1, and that in China was 2.4 to 6.5. Authors of this study cautioned that the paradox should not be misinterpreted to mean that smoking is safer for Asians.
Probable Reasons for the Paradox
Reasons that likely contribute to the higher risk of lung cancer in the United States vs some Asian countries include:
Lower levels of cancer-causing ingredients in Japanese cigarettes. In the United States, roughly 70 of the chemicals found in cigarettes are thought to cause cancer. While tobacco is present in most cigarettes, the type and proportion of these other chemicals can vary widely.
Genetic factors that result in Japanese men being more resistant to the smoking-related development of lung cancer. Though you may think of lung cancer as being a smoking-related disease, there are many causes, and some people carry a predisposition to the disease. This may be easier to understand if you have followed the stories about Angelina Jolie, and the decisions she faced upon learning she had a hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. In fact, one of these "breast cancer genes" known as BRCA2 is linked with a 2-fold risk of developing lung cancer in women who smoke.
Possible Reasons for the Paradox
In addition to genetic tendencies and carcinogen content of cigarettes, there are other factors that may account for, or at least contribute to, the differences between smoking and lung cancer risk in the U.S. and Japan. These may include:
Lower alcohol consumption by Japanese males. High alcohol consumption is linked with a higher risk of lung cancer, though some types of alcoholic beverages may result in more risk than others. Genetic factors may also play a role in this factor, as one study found no link between alcohol and lung cancer in Chinese men.
Lower fat intake by Japanese males. Lower fat intake in the diet is associated with a lower risk of developing lung cancer.
The higher efficiency of filters in Japanese cigarettes. There is more use of activated charcoal in the filters of Japanese cigarettes than cigarettes available in the United States. You may be familiar with activated charcoal as it is used in emergency rooms to treat some poisonings and overdoses. Activated charcoal binds some chemicals, but certainly not all. In addition, activated charcoal is used in some health food supplements.
Earlier age of smoking onset in American men. American men begin smoking, on average, at least 2.5 years earlier than Japanese men. In general, lung cancer risk increases with the number of pack-years smoked or the total number of cigarettes. But those who begin smoking at younger ages appear to be more at risk than those who begin smoking later, even if both groups were to smoke the same number of cigarettes.
Lifestyle factors other than smoking. Certain dietary factors are associated with a lower risk of lung cancer. In addition, exercise—even small amounts—appears to reduce the risk of lung cancer.
What You Can Do With This Information
Certainly, genetic factors are beyond our control, but American men who smoke may wish to consider limiting their alcohol intake and consumption of high-fat foods. Make sure to check out these 10 tips for preventing lung cancer, whether or not you smoke. Keep in mind that lung cancer can, and does, occur in lifelong never smokers. Anyone with lungs can get lung cancer.
Jung KJ, Jeon C, Jee SH. "The Effect of Smoking on Lung Cancer: Ethnic Differences and the Smoking Paradox." Epidemiol Health. 2016;38:e2016060. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016060.
Marugame T, Sobue T, Satoh H, et al. "Lung Cancer Death Rates by Smoking Status: Comparison of the Three-Prefecture Cohort Study in Japan to the Cancer Prevention Study Ii in the USA." Cancer Sci. 2005;96(2):120-6.
Nakaji S, Yoshioka Y, Mashiko T, et al. "Explanations for the Smoking Paradox in Japan." Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(5):381-3.
Stellman SD, Takezaki T, Wang L, et al. "Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk in American and Japanese Men: An International Case-Control Study." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10(11):1193-9.
Takahashi I, Matsuzaka M, Umeda T, et al. "Differences in the Influence of Tobacco Smoking on Lung Cancer Between Japan and the USA: Possible Explanations for the 'Smoking Paradox' in Japan." Public Health. 2008;122(9):891-6.
What Percentage of Smokers Get Lung Cancer?
What are the Causes and Risk Factors for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer?
10 Tips for Preventing Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer: Men vs. Women
How Is Lung Cancer Different in Non-Smokers?
Ways to Stop Lung Cancer Other Than Smoking Cessation
What Are the Risk Factors for Lung Cancer?
What Causes Lung Cancer in People Who Have Never Smoked?
Is It Harder to Have Lung Cancer Than Breast Cancer?
Is My Cough a Lung Cancer Cough?
Cancer Risks of Hookah Smoking and Health Concerns
Relation, Heredity, and Other Genetic Factors for Lung Cancer
Discover How Many People Die From Lung Cancer Every Year
Is COPD a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer?
Causes and Rates of Lung Cancer From Different Countries
Lung Cancer Prevention 101


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We never lose sight of the responsibility of the legal profession in the broader community.
We support a number of initiatives and not for profit organisations across Australia through pro bono legal work and charitable donations. We have recently signed up to the National Pro Bono Target with the Australian Pro Bono Centre as a part of our ongoing commitment to the community.
The legal industry has an important role to play in improving access to legal services and justice for less advantaged individuals and groups. Organisations we support and provide pro bono services to include:
Council to Homeless Persons
The Council to Homeless Persons is the peak body representing organisations and individuals in Victoria with a commitment to ending homelessness.
Homelessness Australia
Homelessness Australia is the national peak body working to respond to homelessness. They work with organisations across Australia to do research, provide input into government policy, advocate for organisations who represent the homeless and educate the community about homelessness.
Jewish Communal Appeal
JCA is the communal hub of the NSW and ACT Jewish communities. Their role incorporates planning, engagement, fundraising and facilitation to secure the community's vibrant future.
KYUP! Project Limited
KYUP! Project is a not-for-profit organisation that works with young people to end the end the cycle of violence at a grassroots level. Their workshops have been delivered to more than 10,000 young people in schools across Australia and NZ.
Noah's Ark Inc.
Noah's Ark is a not-for-profit community organisation that offers a range of services and programs supporting families who have a child (aged 0-8) with a disability or additional needs.
Mary's House
North Shore Women's Benevolent Association is a not-for-profit organisation operating a hostel called Mary's House which provides accommodation for women and their children escaping domestic violence.
St Lucy's School
St Lucy's School is a Catholic school in the Dominican tradition for students with disabilities. They provide excellence in education that empowers students with the values, knowledge, attitudes and skills to flourish and participate fully in society.
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It is still hard for many of us to believe that Seamus Heaney is no longer with us; that this link in our chain of language has been broken. The scale of public mourning following his death confirmed him as not just our most beloved poet but our exemplary one. The warmth that radiated from his presence will now be absent from those occasions when poetry is celebrated.
There was such sturdiness and steadfastness in his character that we came to see him as a kind of invincible life-force in poetry: a pillar to himself and to his trade, as he says of the "solid man" in "Crossings". Invincibility is not given to any of us of course, but at least it can be said that he was a revitalising force in Irish poetry – a rigorous and ebullient one in his command of the language.
Those qualities are of course also the unshakeable hallmarks of the poetry he has left us, work that conforms to what Auden demanded of poetry, that it "must praise all that it can for being and for happening". He answered that call to praise – and to scrutinise, elegise, eulogise, memorialise, express love – with a copious eloquence of language and an awesome ability to renew its lyric power, a gift that remained right up to the grace notes of his last collection with its sense of time passing.
From its beginning, and since that resounding declaration of intent in Digging, the opening poem of his debut collection, the work has deepened in its ethical quest to find the right word, the perfect pitch. In both form and content, there is a Shakespearean amplitude to his body of work. In a tribute to Czeslaw Milosz, he once declared that what distinguished the Polish poet was "the abundance and spontaneity of the work, his at-homeness in so many different genres and landscapes".
There is abundance in Heaney too, and that at-homeness is at the core of his poetry: an at-homeness in what he called "the heartland of the ordinary", as well as in his "republic of conscience"; an at-homenesswith the blacksmith and the thatcher as much as with a fellow laureate or a monarch. As celebrant of the ordinary, he was "obedient to the demands of memory", knowing that it is the place where the true treasures are kept. Like Kavangh he knew that loved places are important places and that to remain earthed in them, in memory and imagination, is a "method of getting at life".
He may have left his rural home ground of bog and potato drill, the homestead hearth and farmyard, at a young age – first departing for St Columb's and then crossing other frontiers – but that native Derry ground remained an abiding and fortifying presence in his imaginative life. No matter where the journey took him – to a station island, a Harvard classroom or the Nobel podium – he was always aware of "poetry's need to descend from its high vantage point and creep among the nomads on the plain". The familiar and the quotidian are made wondrous, place names – Anahorish, Moyola, Glanmore, Castledawson, Toomebridge, Mossbawn – blossomed on his pages.
In the din of acclaim he never lost his clarity of perception, nor as a poet among poets his generosity of spirit. He gave us what he once said he looked for in Mandelstam, "poetry that is not only pleasurably right but compellingly wise". The wisdom shows itself in his poems of response to the sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland – among these poems lie the greatest testament to his integrity as an artist; an integrity that ensured that in his own lifetime's moment of "historical duress" he remained loyal to his aesthetic values.
Of all the genres which his virtuosity touched, the one he took and remoulded in a uniquely Heaneyesque way is the love poem, a form he sublimated with such poems as "The Skunk", and in his last collection, "Chanson d'Aventure", surely the first great love poem of this century.
Seamus's role extended beyond his literary eminence; in his "Stepping Stones" interviews with Dennis O'Driscoll he acknowledges that his calling as a poet put him "in line for a certain amount of community service". Not since Yeats has a poet played such a role in national life – and public consciousness – where his authoritative voice always offered the redress and equilibrium that language so often needs in our age of double-speak and inversion of truth. With courtesy, kindness, dignity, as well as a kind of supra stamina, he never wavered in face of this public expectation and the pressures on his time and to say thingsabout Ireland and the world.
His loss to the language and to poetry is immense, but his absence from the lives of Marie and his children and grandchildren leaves a void we can barely begin to imagine. We will miss his companionship but take consolation in the companionship of his poetry: it will now fill the silence left behind after his death.
There is a moment in Out of the Marvellous, the documentary made to mark his 70th birthday, when Seamus is asked whether somewhere in his poems there are words that would suits as his epitaph. There is brief hesitation before he quotes from Sophocles's Oedipus at Colonus – "Wherever that man went, he went gratefully". But the gratitude is ours.
Appeared in Poetry Ireland Newsletter, November 2013


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Beginning with the 2018-2019 school year, a student enrolled in a Florida public school in kindergarten through grade 12 who has been subjected to an incident of battery; harassment; hazing; bullying; kidnapping; physical attack; robbery; sexual offenses, harassment, assault, or battery; threat or intimidation; or fighting at school the opportunity to transfer to another public school with capacity or enroll in an approved private school under the Hope Scholarship.
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HOPE Scholarship Link
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