text:
How Melulater Sees It
These are MY views about education in New Zealand and sometimes further afield. These views do not necessarily reflect the position of my employer. At times I will comment on other issues wider than education. I am exercising my right to speak as New Zealand is a democracy. I am a citizen, tax payer and a voter, therefore I have the right to voice my opinion, regardless of my profession.
New Zealand's "Rape Culture" is alive and well
Today the Independent Police Conduct Authority (IPCA) released its report into the Roast Busters controversy. I wrote about this and New Zealand's rape culture last year when the police announced no charges would be laid due to a lack of evidence in the post Musings on New Zealand's Rape Culture, Domestic Violence and Apologies.
It was quite handy when Stuff automatically told my phone about the release of this report by the IPCA with their breaking news feature on their app. It meant I didn't have to wait until 6 o'clock to be fully enraged with the rest of the country. It meant I could reflect on rape culture again; a culture which continues to be mocked as non-existent, when if you are female you know it is not.
And there is plenty in this report to be angry about. While the report said that all the young women/girls making complaints were treated with compassion and courtesy, I was appalled to read through the article to find the following:
some of the young men/boys involved were never approached or spoken to by the police.
the parents of the young men/boys were not approached and informed of the allegations so they could have "that talk" with their sons.
the police failed to follow lines of inquiry in a timely fashion and sometimes not at all.
record keeping was poor.
each complaint was treated separately and not considered as a pattern of incidents.
Naturally the Police have been very apologetic with public "We are Sorries" from the Police Commissioner and the Waitemata Area Commander. Anne Tolley, as the former Minister of Police responsible when the story broke and when the decision came through not to press charges, expressed concerns and as the current Minister of Social Development says that Child Youth and Family (CYF) would be next under the microscope. The current Minister for Police, Michael Woodhouse, has said that it was failures by individual officers.
No police officer has lost their job, but they have been moved on to other roles and sectors in the police. Greg O'Connor, of the Police Association, would have liked the report to look into what else was happening in the Waitemata area at the time, claiming that there had been a large number of cases that had priority at the time and not enough manpower to do it all justice. Jacinda Ardern said that a lack of resourcing had affected the case.
You can read these documents from the IPCA: the media statement, the IPCA Public Report, and the speech notes by Judge Sir David Carruthers. You can read more on Stuff (Roast Busters case subject of another review) and at the New Zealand Herald (Roast Busters case: Apology 'just the beginning').
This stood out from the speech made by Judge Sir David Carruthers at the release of the report today:
The first aspect, which the Authority publicly reported on in May 2014, considered the information provided by Police to the media about the Police investigations.
The second, which is outlined in today's report, considered the adequacy of the initial Police criminal investigations and the handling of any complaints or reports received by Police from members of the public between 2011 and October 2013. The findings in the report are the result of a very thorough and detailed investigation.
The report is confined to those Police investigations up until these matters came to media attention in October 2013. It does not cover the subsequent Police reinvestigation, dubbed 'Operation Clover'. The Police have publicly reported on the results of that reinvestigation, which did not result in the prosecution of any of the young men concerned.
So does that mean we now need another report into the subsequent police reinvestigation called Operation Clover?
Ellis is able to capture the essence of an issue with brilliance.
An urgent debate was called in Parliament this afternoon. A number of Members of Parliament from both sides of the house rose to speak about this report today.
Jacinda Ardern, Labour's spokesperson for Justice, listed a number of actions that demonstrated poor policing practice. Jacinda then went on to outline the history of the case prior to today. Jacinda Ardern specifically highlighted the lack of co-ordination in dealing with this case. This was highlighted from the first paragraph in the report. At the start of the IPCA the police told them about four separate incidents and then found out about three further separate incidents with the same group of young men. But no one would join the dots between each of the seven cases to see there was a systemic problem with the same group of young men over and over again.
And Jacinda also questioned, as did the IPCA, the practice of the police in investigating this case, and that the IPCA believes that investigation should have continued as per the policies of the police because the victims involved were children. Jacinda Ardern questioned that while the police did not have the evidence to lay charges, some old fashioned policing should have happened; the police should have knocked on the doors of the families of these young men and had conversations with their parents. And Jacinda knows this is an appropriate course of action as her father is a policeman.
Then Jacinda Ardern brought up this piece of legislation:
Section 134 of the Act outlines the penalties for those who have sexual conduct with a young person under 16 years as:
"(1) Every one who has sexual connection with a young person is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years.
(2) Every one who attempts to have sexual connection with a young person is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 10 years.
(3) Every one who does an indecent act on a young person is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 7 years.
(4) No person can be convicted of a charge under this section if he or she was married to the young person concerned at the time of the sexual connection or indecent act concerned.
(5) The young person in respect of whom an offence against this section was committed cannot be charged as a party to the offence if the person who committed the offence was of or over the age of 16 years when the offence was committed.
(6) In this section,—
 (a) young person means a person under the age of 16 years; and
 (b) doing an indecent act on a young person includes indecently assaulting the young person.
Why is this piece of legislation so important? The victims who made complaints to the police were all aged under 16 in six of the seven cases and each young man involved in the assaults that took place knew that they were aged under 16. The fact that these children were under the age of consent consequently means that the evidence for a violation of the law was there because there is no consent when a person is younger than 16 because sexual connection is unlawful below that age. Therefore the investigation should still be actively open and work should be continuing to secure the necessary evidence. See more in this video of Jacinda Ardern during the debate.
Michael Woodhouse, the current Minister of Police spoke next. He began while saying he agreed with almost everything Jacinda Ardern had said, and also said that there was nothing to candy coat the finding of the IPCA. He then went on to defend Anne Tolley's role in the controversy, saying that she did not have the information available to her because the police had not collected that information, and that this was clear from the IPCA report. Mr Woodhouse then went on to glorify what had happened to crime statistics under Mrs Tolley's reign as Minister of Police.
But he kept referring to statistics on adult sexual assault - which I found concerning as you can not call a girl under 16 an adult when she can not consent to sex legally, and particularly as this issue is all about sexual assault. Michael Woodhouse also spanked Jacinda Ardern and Greg O'Connor on the hand for their criticism about a lack of resources hampering the investigation. Quite frankly, a lack of resources for the police stands out like dog balls when you look at this case. Yes, a lot of money was spent on investigating this case, but I believe that the case was dropped because it would continue to cost more money and was not going to be resolved quickly. You can hear more from Michael Woodhouse below.
I was appalled to hear Catherine Delahunty of the Greens point out yet another failing in the case, that the officers who took the complaints did not even get the name of the boys involved correct when they took down their initial details. Catherine called for an independent taskforce into how sexual assault is dealt with. You can hear more of what Catherine Delahunty has to say in this video below, but she is correct when she states that girls and women of today's modern society will continue to fail to have any faith in the police believing them if the police do not investigate their complaints properly. And this is after Louise Nicholas has been working with the police to change their culture and response to sexual assault complaints!
Tracey Martin, deputy leader of New Zealand First, acknowledged that while many police officers are fathers and mothers, we have major failings in the New Zealand Police and spoke of another case with a young girl facing a similar situation. It resulted in a "he said/she said" impasse. She claimed this was not a one party problem and needed cross party support in parliament to make changes to ensure that women (or men) can go to the police and make a complaint with the confidence that they will be believed and the complaint investigated. Tracey called for the conversation to happen in parliament, for this report not to be forgotten and gather dust. You can hear what Tracey Martin has to say in this video below.
Minister of Justice, Amy Adams, talked about making changes, even when it is difficult, and called for the support of the House to make changes. Amy Adams is in the process of establishing the role of a Chief Victims Advisor to all ministers across portfolios so that there would be independent advice available. Admirable, but this government has a poor record on utilising true, independent advice. Amy always criticised the perpetrators for their victimising the girls with social media and promoted the bill that she thinks will prevent this or take action against them for using social media. We have a domestic violence notification every six minutes and half of homicides are related to domestic abuse, and while the Roast Busters case is not domestic abuse related, it is indicative of some of society's attitudes that must change.
Anne Tolley, who was the Minister of Police at the time of the Roast Busters case becoming known and when the police decided not to lay charges, also spoke. She trumpeted that she was the first Minister of Police to make a complaint to the IPCA and that this report was a result of her complaint - but I'm pretty sure there were complaints made by opposition parties to the IPCA as well. She was pleased that the girls (aka victims) now know what actually happened. She emphasised that it was not a systemic breakdown, but failures by individuals.
Anne Tolley also said that CYF had to take some responsibility too. And the report makes mention of the knowledge CYF had and how co-operation and information sharing between CYF and the police needs improvement. The police clearly did not give the right information to CYF, but neither did CYF clarify with the police it seems. Hear more from Anne Tolley below.
Sue Moroney from Labour also stood to speak and to point out that the Speaker had allowed this debate because of Ministerial responsibility over the Roast Busters issue, and Sue pointed out that no Ministers were taking responsibility for this issue and the culture that exists to allow this issue to continue. Sue Moroney stood up and spoke for New Zealand women to say we have had enough. Sue pointed out that the police do not need a complaint to be laid to investigate an incident of sexual assault. This is written into New Zealand law and is part of the policy of the police. Sue pointed out that Michael Woodhouse and Anne Tolley were wrong on this point when they said the police couldn't prosecute because there had been no formal complaint. See more about what Sue Moroney said below.
Louise Upston, Minister for Women, reiterated that the Roast Busters boys need to take responsibility for their actions and have to shoulder the blame. Louise also echoed Anne Tolley in saying that it was her who referred the complaint against the police to the IPCA, and Michael Woodhouse in regards to the good statistics from the police over recent years. She also listed a number of programmes and funding under this government. (I think that Louise Upston may have neglected to mention the fact that her government denied the Christchurch centre that assisted rape victims funding before the 2014 election and they had to shut up shop as a result). See more of Louise Upston's speech below.
Poto Williams also stood to speak on this matter, asking what victims of sexual abuse need. They need timeliness, compassion, to feel they have been heard, not to be re-victimised, and that once they have told their stories to the police that the police will take action on their behalf. Poto Williams believes that these needs have not been fully fulfilled. 85% of victims of family violence are also sexual violence victims. Poto Williams stood to defend Jacinda Ardern's assertion that a lack of resources for the police hampered the investigation. She said "Jacinda was being generous, because if not for a lack of resource, then it is about attitude and culture. An attitude that sexual predation is ok and an attitude that the police do not care. And a culture of indifference. And I for one will not stand for that." That is a fantastic statement, and you can view more of what Poto Williams has to say below.
I note that only one man stood to speak on this issue, the Minister of Police, Michael Woodhouse. Are all the other men in parliament too scared that they may be tarred with the "apology" brush like when David Cunliffe stood up and apologised for the fact that men are the assailants in the majority of domestic abuse cases at the Women's Refuge conference last year?
A lot of what has been said on the Roast Busters case boils down to consent. Sex without consent is rape, no two ways about it. Sex with a person under 16 does not boil down to whether or not all parties are consenting to it because under our law in New Zealand it is classed as Unlawful Sexual Connection and can therefore be prosecuted against.
So the parents of the Roast Busters boys, in fact the parents of any teenager or young adult, should read this blog Consent: Not actually that complicated by Rockstar Dinosaur Pirate Princess and share it with their kids and use it as a base for discussion about sex and consent. This blog uses a cup of tea as an analogy for sex. I shared this blog on Facebook and one of my friends commented that along with getting consent for a cup of tea/sex, you should also check how the recipient likes their cup of tea/sex.
Sharon Murdoch is also an amazing cartoonist who hits the nail on the head.
The whole process of this Roast Busters case has brought up the issue of teenage sex and alcohol consumption, consent and the rape culture that permeates our society.
It also brings up the concept of "old fashioned" community policing. My great uncle was a policeman. At his funeral, his son, my mum's cousin, told how parents would knock on Uncle Bill's door and asked him to "give their boy a kid up the bum" or "scare some sense into the little bugger". This little community service stopped a lot of idiocy by the neighbourhood boys getting out of control and ruining their future prospects.
Where has this gone from policing today? How many girls would not have fallen victim to these Roast Buster boys if the police officers involved had have visited their family homes and informed the parents of these boys as to what they were doing at these parties so the parents of these boys could knock some sense into them?
Again, as a society, we fail these girls if this report is allowed to languish on a dusty shelf in parliament's library. As a society we have to demand action from our law makers and law enforcement to ensure that victims are supported and protected and further harm is not inflicted.
To not do so would be to fail the standard, and we can't have the police fail their own standards again and let them get away with it.
Posted by melulater at 03:21
Labels: Anne Tolley, Catherine Delahunty, consent, failed the standard, IPCA, Jacinda Ardern, Louise Upston, Michael Woodhouse, Police, Poto Williams, rape culture, Roast Busters, sexual assault, Sue Moroney, Tracey Martin
Teaching the Teacher
My year of reading furiously – #40BookChallenge - When it comes to reading I've always felt like a bit of a fraud. Donalyn Miller's The Book Whisperer and Reading in the Wild have inspired me to give time ...
The Teacher Strikes and the Fiscal Cap - The teacher strike has a back story that should not be dismissed or ignored. This is much more than two of our larger unions (NZEI and PPTA) flexing thei...
melulater
I have been teaching primary school children in the greater Waikato for over 22 years and I love cats, rugby, netball, reading, music and the beach. Currently I am half way through my Masters of Education in Global Education Policy. I got distracted by an election and I am now back full time teaching Y2/3s, and figuring out how to do my dissertation in 2018.
failed the standard (44) Hekia Parata (35) quality public education system (20) NZEI (18) John Key (16) Ministry of Education (16) New Zealand education (13) Chris Hipkins (12) National Standards (12) education policy (12) Charter Schools (11) GERM (10) Novopay (10) teachers (9) Education Act amendments (8) Labour (8) PPTA (8) education reform (8) special needs (8) Andrew Little (7) National (6) Steven Joyce (6) Sue Moroney (6) Teachers' Council (6) Bill English (5) Bulk Funding (5) Catherine Delahunty (5) David Cunliffe (5) Global Funding (5) Green Party (5) Labour party (5) New Zealand Curriculum (5) Talent2 (5) class sizes (5) employment law (5) professionalism (5) Children (4) Craig Foss (4) David Shearer (4) Dirty Politics (4) EDUCANZ (4) Jacinda Ardern (4) Lesley Longstone (4) New Zealand First (4) bullying (4) consultation (4) democracy (4) neo liberalism (4) school funding (4) Anne Tolley (3) Christchurch (3) Early Childhood Education (3) Grant Robertson (3) Metiria Turei (3) Novopained (3) Secretary of Education (3) Support Staff (3) Tracey Martin (3) Whale Oil (3) Winston Peters (3) World Teachers' Day (3) benefits (3) decile ratings (3) media (3) met the standard (3) performance pay (3) politics (3) protesting (3) questions (3) set the standard (3) teacher wellbeing (3) teaching (3) unemployment (3) unions (3) #betterfunding (2) 3 News (2) ACT (2) Affco (2) Annual Conference (2) Cliff Allen (2) Creativity (2) Education Act (2) Election 2014 (2) Helen Clark (2) IES (2) Internet Mana (2) Jobs That Count (2) John Banks (2) Kyoto (2) Labour led government (2) Learning (2) Maori Party (2) Maryan Street (2) Meat Workers Union (2) Minister of Education (2) Ministry of Health (2) New Zealand Herald (2) Ombudsman (2) PLD (2) PTCA negotiations (2) Paula Bennett (2) Prof Martin Thrupp (2) Roast Busters (2) Russel Norman (2) Save Our Schools NZ (2) TPPA (2) Talleys (2) The Daily Blog (2) WINZ (2) child poverty (2) domestic violence (2) economic policy (2) education funding (2) facts (2) feed the kids (2) health (2) health and safety (2) leadership (2) lies (2) patient rights (2) poverty (2) predictions (2) privacy (2) rape culture (2) school closures (2) school mergers (2) sexual assault (2) systematically broken (2) teacher recruitment and retention (2) teacher supply crisis (2) teacher workload (2) workers rights (2) workload (2) wrap around services (2) #28daysofwriting (1) #ItsTimeNZEI (1) #KuaTaeTeWa (1) #edchatNZ Conference (1) 1972 Equal Pay Act (1) 2014 policy (1) 2017 policy (1) Andrew Dean (1) Anjum Rahman (1) Annette King (1) Anthony Mackay (1) Barbara Ala'alatoa (1) Bertie Ratu (1) Breakfast (1) Budget (1) CTU (1) Campbell Live (1) Carol Beaumont (1) Catherine Isaac (1) Chris Finlayson (1) Claire Amos (1) Clarence Beeby (1) Coalition Government (1) Communities of Learning (1) Conservatives (1) Corin Dann (1) David Farrer (1) David Seymour (1) Deborah Morris-Travers (1) Democrats for Social Credit (1) Don Brash (1) Dunedin Hospital (1) ECE (1) Efeso Collins (1) Election 2017 (1) End of Life Choice Bill (1) Finland (1) GCSB (1) Halswell School (1) Hamilton (1) Hamish McDuall (1) Health Benefits Ltd (1) ICT funding (1) IPCA (1) Iain Lees-Galloway (1) It's Not OK (1) Jane Kelsey (1) Jason Ede (1) Job Seekers Benefit (1) Jonathan Coleman (1) Kristine Bartlett (1) Louise Upston (1) MPs (1) Marja Lubeck (1) Martyn Bradbury (1) Michael Woodhouse (1) Midlands DHB (1) Ministry of Social Development (1) Moana Mackey (1) Murray McCully (1) NZNO (1) NZPF (1) Nanaia Mahuta (1) National Library (1) Nicky Hager (1) Nigel Latta (1) Nikki Kaye (1) One News (1) Operations Grant (1) Paid Union Meetings (1) Parliament (1) Partnership Schools Authorisation Board (1) Pat Newman (1) Patrick Gower (1) Penny Gaylor (1) Peter Brown (1) Peter Dunne (1) Peter Hughes (1) Pike River Mine (1) Police (1) Poto Williams (1) Predictive Risk Index (1) Primary (1) Prime Minister's Statement (1) Professor Zhao (1) Public Achievement Information (1) Q&A (1) RTCs (1) Radio NZ (1) Report Card (1) Reserve Bank (1) Review (1) Rodney Hide (1) Rogernomics (1) Rolf Harris (1) Ruth Richardson (1) SFWU (1) SIS (1) Salisbury School (1) Schools as Community Hubs (1) Secondary (1) Shane Jones (1) Simon Bridges (1) Simon Lusk (1) Social Investment (1) Stand Up For Kids - Protect our Schools (1) Sunday TVNZ (1) Taranaki-King Country (1) Teacher Refresher Course (1) Tertiary (1) Tim Groser (1) Tim MacIndoe (1) Tony Ryall (1) Tony Veitch (1) Twitter (1) ULearn (1) Waitangi Day (1) World Educators' Day (1) accountability (1) activism (1) affordability (1) apologies (1) appraisal (1) art of teaching v the science of teaching (1) assessment (1) bargaining (1) behaviour needs (1) bloggers (1) book review (1) caregivers (1) children are missing out (1) classroom release (1) climate change (1) closure (1) comfortable (1) conduct disorders (1) consent (1) cost cutting (1) drug testing (1) dying (1) dying with dignity (1) economy (1) entry to school (1) environment (1) euthanasia (1) exclusions & stand downs (1) first home buyers (1) forestry (1) free trade (1) good employment practice (1) high dollar (1) housing market (1) housing policy (1) housing supply (1) inequality (1) insults (1) job satisfaction (1) job security (1) jobs (1) keeping secrets (1) learning support (1) leaving for Australia (1) legislation (1) living wage (1) lockout (1) meal and rest breaks (1) media beat-up (1) meet the candidates (1) name suppression (1) national security (1) nonsultation (1) nzqt (1) outsourcing (1) parliamentary process (1) principals (1) public private partnerships (1) relationships (1) respect (1) rest homes (1) restraint of students (1) school resources (1) sexual harassment (1) social housing (1) start of the school year (1) state housing (1) student achievement (1) submission to the Education & Science Select Committee (1) submission to the Education Act Update (1) teacher aides (1) teacher evaluation (1) teacher inquiry (1) the Cloud (1) the Speaker (1) welfare reform (1) working poor (1)
Aged care caregivers, women and the 1972 Equal Pay...
Outsourcing hospital & Meals on Wheels meals - why...
The dignity of life and death - an uncomfortable c...
EDUCANZ and the dismantling of democracy.
Why the Meat Workers deserve your attention right ...


text:
You are at:Home»News»Asia News»N. Korean detainees systematically raped, tortured and degraded before facing trial – Report
Image is for illustrative purposes only (Life News)
N. Korean detainees systematically raped, tortured and degraded before facing trial – Report
By Froilan Malit on	 October 21, 2020 Asia News, News
A new report by Human Rights Watch (HRW) detailed how North Korea's pre-trial detainees are subjected to systemic torture, humiliation and sexual assault.
The report provides new information on the regimes' opaque pre-trial detention and investigation system and described those held in jails in the hermit kingdom are treated "worse than animals".
The rights organisation gathered accounts from eight former government officials who fled the country and 22 North Koreans – 15 women and 7 men – held in detention and interrogation facilities, shedding light on the treatment they received.
Detainees described living in inhumane conditions, with prison cells which were always overcrowded and had no basic facilities. People had little to no food, couldn't bathe or clean and were not provided basic menstrual hygiene facilities, while the majority of jail inmates didn't have a blanket or enough space to sleep on the floor.
Among those quoted in the report is a former soldier who fled North Korea in 2017.
He said detainees were made to sit still on the floor for days on end, and beaten and kicked if they moved. Guards would tell them to stick their palms out and beat them with sticks, one by one.
"If we moved, we were punished by standing and sitting, doing push-ups, abdominals, or holding onto the metal bars," the soldier said.
Corruption is also rampant, according to the report, and some prisoners would bribe officials for more food and better facilities, leading to an unequal distribution of limited resources.
Some female detainees reported sexual harassment and assault, including rape.
"Interviewees said that agents from the police, secret police, and the prosecutor's office, most in charge of their personal interrogation, touched their faces and their bodies, including their breasts and hips, either through their clothes or by putting their hands inside their clothes," the report states. "They said they were powerless to resist because their fate was in the hands of these men."
"North Korea's pre-trial detention and investigation system is arbitrary, violent, cruel, and degrading," HRW Asia director Brad Adams said.
"North Koreans say they live in constant fear of being caught in a system where official procedures are usually irrelevant, guilt is presumed, and the only way out is through bribes and connections," he added.
Former detainees told HRW that after they were arrested, they had no guarantees that they would get a fair trial or independent legal representation. Detainees had no means to complain or appeal against the torture and mistreatment they received, and there was an assumption that once someone faces an allegation, there is little chance that they won't receive at least a short prison sentence.
Explaining the hatred that the authorities in the North Korean regime have towards detainees, four former government officials said that the ruling Workers' Party of Korea considers them to be inferior human beings, and therefore unworthy of direct eye contact with law enforcement officers.
While the HRW report specifically highlights pre-trial abuse of detainees, North Korea's gross human rights violations across the board are well documented.
In 2014, the UN Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea said that the systematic human rights violations committed by the North Korean government constituted crimes against humanity. (Source: Independent UK)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ihedioha flags off Imo Sports Festival
Tue Dec 3rd, 2019 - Edo
The build up to the 13th Imo State Sports Festival got to its zenith on yesterday when the state governor, Emeka Ihedioha lit the Unity Torch inside the Douglas House, Owerri. The Torch is already on tour of the 27 LGAs across the state with the Chairmen of the Interim Management Committees standing by to receive it.
According to the Chairman of the Imo Sports Commission, Chief Fan Ndubuoke, a famous and accomplished athlete or sports personality from each of the councils is expected to receive the Unity Torch from his or her Local Government boss before the Torch moves to the next LGA."Our plan is to sensitise Imolites and create awareness for the Festival. We want the people to be part of the whole exercise. The exercise of rebuilding Imo through sports. We want them to feel the impact of His Excellency's passion for sports and its development," Ndubuoke stated.
Fan added: "The Torch Tour has been scheduled in phases. It will run from Monday to Friday across the Local Government Councils which have been zoned based on their proximity and easy access to all Imolites."The Sports Festival kicks off on December 5 and will run till December 17. It is to enable Imo Sports Commission select athletes for the forthcoming Edo 2020 National Sports Festival (NSF).
Recently, Governor Ihedioha promised that Imo would attend the NSF in style, which will be a clear departure from the past when they merely attended just for the fun of it.
The governor said he intends to use sports as a key force and factor in his Rebuild Imo project, which has seen him award contracts for the renovation and rehabilitation of Dan Anyiam Stadium, Grasshoppers International Handball Stadium, Old Township Stadium and Indoor Sports Hall. He has also awarded contract for a sports complex behind Dan Anyiam Stadium, which will house a state-of-the-art gym, an indoor basketball hall and a doping centre.
Last Thursday, Ihedioha through Imo Sports Commission organised the first Imo sports summit, which has set the tone for a sports policy for the state and Nigeria at large. The summit was attended by top sports personalities like Dr. Amos Adamu, Alhaji Ibrahim Galadima, Prof. Ken Anugweje, Prof. Emmanuel Ojeme, Mike Itemuagbor, ACP Chioma Ajunwa, Dr. Kweku Tandoh, Dr. Ademola Are, Dr. Mitchel Obi, Chief Dan Ngerem and Dr. Ndi Okereke Onyuike among others.
source: Guardian


text:
circa 221 BCE — The Analects of Confucius are first completed
By Loki 222 Content, Culture, Dateless, Religion, Rock n Roll History of the World, The Rock'n'Roll History of the World
One of the most influential works in Chinese history, the Analects of Confucius were written over a period of several decades during the Warring States period.
Ever since copies of the Analects first begin to be distributed, over 2000 years ago, it has shaped Chinese society, teaching the Confucian virtues to generation after generation. Its influence has also been felt in other parts of Asia, as it slowly diffused into other nations and cultures.
Even today, the Analects remains one of the canonical texts that any serious Chinese scholar (or scholar of China) must read and understand in order to be considered properly educated.
By Wu Daozi, 685-758, Tang Dynasty. – https://i.pinimg.com/originals/77/95/19/7795198cc338e4642d2ce7ac965458b2.jpg, Public Domain, Link
I Like Chinese — Monty Python
Tagged 221 BCE, Analects of Confucius, Confucius, I Like Chinese, Monty Python.
« June 11, 323 BCE — Alexander the Great dies in Babylon
221 BCE — Qin Shi Huang orders the construction of the Great Wall »


There are 9 top-rated muffler shops in your area and 32 to avoid.
Business Description: Proudly serving the Kingston area for over 10 years. Owner-operated. 8 employees. We are a Napa Car Care Center and have our ASE Certification.
Business Description: ASE Certified Mechanics. Locally Owned & Operated, you are our neighbors. We will treat you as such. We care about your car & what moves your family. We accept Visa, MasterCard & Discover cards. Student, Senior & Veteran DISCOUNT 10% on labor.
Business Description: Albrecht's Auto Repair is a full service shop that has been in business for almost 30 years. Centrally located in Pleasant Valley. Jim Albrecht and his staff are certified in all types of repair and keep current on all of the changing vehicle systems.


Many thanks to our current student family community that reached 80% participation in the Annual Fund during our 100 Day campaign. We still are striving for 100%, so please make your gift today!
Each year, we ask that every Washington Waldorf Family give to our Annual Fund. No matter the size of your donation, your gift goes directly to support the School's mission in every way. Our goal for the 2018–2019 school year is to raise $300,000 and to achieve 100% participation. Please join us in supporting the WWS Annual Fund by making your gift today.
The generous gifts we receive from our current families, alumni, alumni parents, and friends go directly towards expenses not fully covered by tuition alone. Through coordinated fundraising efforts and special events, we provide a variety of meaningful ways to advance the mission of the School. Thank you for your contribution!
The 2018–2019 Annual Fund campaign runs from July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019. You can contribute today by giving your gift online, or by sending your gift by mail to WWS, 4800 Sangamore Road, Bethesda, MD 20816. Checks should be made out to WWS, with "Annual Fund" in the memo line. Credit card payments by phone or donations of stocks and securities are also welcome; contact Caitlin MacKenzie, Development Director, at 301-229-6107 ext. 127 to make your gift or pledge.
Would you like to make your gift through the donation of securities? Please follow this link for instructions.
If you have any questions, concerns, or suggestions about giving at WWS, please contact our development staff: Caitlin MacKenzie, Director of Development, at 301-229-6107, ext. 127; and Maria Monteverde-Jackson, Director of Events and Community Relations, at 301-229-6107 ext. 125.


text:
Blue Nile's Sales Up, Income Down
November 2, 2012 by Daniel Ford
Blue Nile reported a 19.8 percent increase in sales for the third quarter of 2012—but that jump once again came at the expense of profits.
The company's net sales reached $89.8 million for the third quarter ended Sept. 30. However, net income totaled $1.7 million, a 7.3 percent fall from last year's $1.9 million. As a percent of net sales, gross profit was 18.8 percent, compared with 19.8 percent for the third quarter of 2011.
"Overall margins in the business continue to be impacted by greater marketing spend as well as really lean pricing to make sure that we're acquiring new customers," said chief financial officer David Binder in a conference call following the release of the company's financial results.
But he said margins could pick up in the fourth quarter, as the company shifts its focus to non-engagement products.
U.S. engagement sales grew by 31.5 percent to $54.1 million, compared with $41.1 million for the third quarter of 2011. This is the highest growth rate in engagement rings and loose diamonds that the company has seen in seven years, Binder said.
U.S. sales of non-engagement jewelry, a growing focus for the company, increased 12 percent to $21.8 million, compared with $19.4 million to the year before. The company is now concentrating its efforts on diamond jewelry, precious and semiprecious stones and metals, and classic pearls, said CEO Harvey Kanter. "For the holidays, you will see many elements of this evolving curated mix, including diamond necklaces and earrings, precious stone, rings and bracelets, sterling and gold chains, plus Tahitian and Akoya pearls and more," he said. "Our new assortment includes drop, tassel, and threader earrings [and] diamonds for black tie and cocktail moments to casual denim.'
New customers grew 22.4 percent in this quarter, compared with the third quarter of 2011.


Faheem is a medical doctor by background and inaugural Clinical Entrepreneur Fellow at NHS England, formerly advising on national health innovation policy. He co-designed a novel 3D-printed total knee meniscus replacement as a pre-clinical spin-out company of Imperial College, which has raised over £675K in investment. He also co-founded a start-up accelerated at Bethnal Green Ventures – a digital networking platform for clinicians and developers to collaborate on health tech projects.
Since qualifying from Guy's, King's & St Thomas' Hospitals where he was elected Student-President, Faheem has been appointed as King's College London medical school's youngest lecturer. He designed KCL's new Health Entrepreneurship module and delivered quality improvement projects nationwide as the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's UK Open School Lead. Whilst still a medical student, he completed his Masters in Public Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine with a specialism in health services management, investigating innovative global health financing models.
As a founding director of an international NGO, Selfless, Faheem manages social impact initiatives addressing health inequalities in the UK and Bangladesh. He is a World Economic Forum Global Shaper for London and was recently appointed to coordinate the 2019 Circulars Awards at Davos. Faheem is a council member of the G4 Alliance for safer surgical systems and Harvard collaborator on the Lancet Commission for Global Surgery. He has authored over 30 academic publications, delivered more than 40 international presentations and received 20+ awards.
At LBS, Faheem is the MBA2020 SARI Scholar and is helping to establish LBS' first student-led impact investment fund and hosts high net-worth entrepreneurs on campus through the TELL series. He is also spearheading the creation of joint LBS-LSHTM development impact projects with the Wheeler Institute for Business & Development. Faheem is a passionate sportsman and mixed martial artist, representing the Demons football team as well as providing medical assistance at major sporting events including the London Marathon. He recently launched Metaphys, a functional health and holistic wellbeing clinic, enhancing human performance in individuals and teams.


text:
\section{Traveling salesman problem in unweighted graphs}

The \emph{traveling salesman problem} (\emph{TSP}) is one of the most studied topics in both computer science and combinatorial optimization.
Given a set of points and the distance between every pair of them, the task is to find the shortest Hamiltonian circuit.
\emph{Graphic TSP} is a special case of TSP: we are given an unweighted graph $G$ and want
to find a shortest closed walk that contains all vertices of the graph.
Such walk is called a \emph{traveling salesman tour} or a \emph{TSP tour}. We will denote its length by $\tsp(G)$.

Recently, significant progress has been achieved in approximating graphic TSP. A series of incremental improvements culminated in a $1.4$-approximation algorithm of Seb\"o and Vygen \cite{SV}, providing the best ratio for general graphs known at present.
We refer the reader to the survey of Vygen \cite{V} for more information on approximation algorithms for TSP.

Together with general graphic TSP, several special instances of graphic TSP have been intensively studied.
In particular, we are interested in \emph{cubic TSP} and \emph{subcubic TSP},
where the graph in question is cubic and subcubic, respectively.
(A \emph{cubic} graph is a graph with all vertices of degree three and a \emph{subcubic} graph is a graph with all vertices of degree at most three.)
Note that every bridge (i.e., an edge whose removal increases the number of components of a graph) is used exactly twice in any TSP tour: it must be used at least twice and if it was used more, it would be possible to construct a shorter TSP tour.
After removing a bridge $b$ from a graph $G$ and finding TSP tours $T_1$ and $T_2$ of the resulting two components,
we can create a TSP tour of $G$ by starting with $T_1$, then using $b$, continuing with $T_2$,
and closing the tour with $b$.
Thus to solve the problem of finding a TSP tour in cubic graphs with bridges,
it suffices to solve the problem of finding a TSP tour in bridgeless subcubic graphs.
Since a graph must be connected to have a TSP tour, we are interested in $2$-connected subcubic graphs.

All present approximation algorithms for TSP on $2$-connected cubic and subcubic graphs only compare the length of the found tour with the number of vertices, that is, they basically do not care about the optimal TSP tour and just aim to find a TSP tour no longer than a constant multiple of the order of the given graph. We find the latter problem interesting in its own right.

M\"omke and Svensson \cite{MS} proved that every $2$-connected subcubic graph $G$ has a TSP tour of length at most
$4/3 \cdot |V(G)|-2/3$. This bound is tight for both $2$-connected subcubic graphs and $2$-connected cubic multigraphs.
To improve the bounds further we have to examine a smaller class of graphs.
Simple $2$-connected cubic graphs seem to be the least restrictive class of graphs where improvement is possible.

Boyd et al. \cite{BSSS} proved that a simple $2$-connected cubic graph
on $n$ vertices has a TSP tour of length at most $4/3 \cdot n -2$ (assuming $n \ge 6$).
The result was subsequently improved by Correa, Larré, and Soto \cite{CLS} to $(4/3 - 1/61236) \cdot n$,
by van Zuylen \cite{Z} to $(4/3 - 1/8754) \cdot n$, by Candráková and Lukoťka \cite{CL} to
$1.3 \cdot n$, and very recently by Dvořák, Kráľ and Mohar \cite{DKM} to $9/7 \cdot n$.

For the class of subcubic graphs, graphs with no short TSP tours are easy to find.
Indeed, it is sufficient to take two vertices and connect them by three equally long paths; one of the paths has to be used twice in any TSP tour.
This subcubic graph can be turned into a cubic graph by replacing vertices of degree $2$ by digons (cycles of length $2$); this replacement does not change the ratio of $4/3$ because whenever a TSP tour passes through a digon, it has to pass through all its vertices. This would fail, however, if we try to replace the vertices of degree $2$ with larger structures in order to avoid parallel edges.
Thus the situation is much less clear for the class of simple $2$-connected cubic graphs.
Boyd et al. \cite{BSSS} found an infinite family of $2$-connected cubic graphs
with no TSP tour shorter than $11/9 \cdot n - 8/9$.
We improve this lower bound by constructing, for any positive $\eps$, a $2$-connected cubic graph $G$ such that
$\tsp(G) > (1.25-\eps)|V(G)|$ (see Theorem~\ref{thmmain}).
We believe that the value $1.25$ is the best possible.

\begin{conjecture}\label{conj}
Every simple $2$-connected cubic graph with $n$ vertices has a traveling salesman tour of length at most $1.25n$.
\end{conjecture}

A similar construction and conjecture were recently independently proposed by Dvořák, Kráľ and Mohar \cite{DKM}.
For cyclically $4$-connected cubic graphs, Conjecture~\ref{conj} is implied by the dominating cycle conjecture of Fleischner \cite{fleischner}:
a dominating cycle $C$ in a cubic graph $G$ must contain at least $3/4$ of the vertices of $G$ and every other vertex has a neighbour on $C$, thus we can construct a walk with length at most $5/4\cdot |V(G)|$ visiting all the vertices.

TSP was also studied for cubic bipartite graphs.
The best present result (proved by van Zuylen in \cite{Z}) guarantees that a connected bipartite cubic graph different from $K_{3,3}$
has a TSP tour of length at most $1.25 n -2$.
We employ our method from Theorem~\ref{thmmain} to show that for any positive $\eps$, there exists a $2$-connected bipartite cubic graph $G$
such that $\tsp(G) > (1.2 - \eps)\cdot|V(G)|$ (see Theorem~\ref{thmmainbipartite}).

Considering the rapid recent development in research on TSP for simple $2$-connected cubic graphs,
it is quite possible that Conjecture~\ref{conj} will be soon proved.
After that, $3$-edge-connected graphs constitute a natural subclass of cubic graphs to study if we want to improve the bound on TSP length below $1.25 n$. In Theorem~\ref{thm3} we prove the existence of a family of $3$-edge-connected graphs that have TSP tours of lengths asymptotically approaching $1.125n$.

\section{Construction of graphs with no short tours}

Consider a TSP tour $T$ in a simple cubic graph $G$.
No edge in $T$ is used three or more times, otherwise $T$ could be shortened. Thus the edges in $T$ are used either once or twice.
The set of all the edges of $G$ that are used exactly once in $T$ induces a subgraph $H$ which is even (that is, all its vertices have even degree).
Actually, since $G$ is a cubic graph, all vertices of $H$ have degree $2$, and so $H$ is a collection of disjoint circuits.
The extension of $H$ by all the isolated vertices of $G-H$ yields an \emph{even factor} $F$ of $G$, that is, a subgraph which contains all vertices of $G$ and has even degrees of all vertices. Since $G$ is cubic, we can view its even factors as collections of disjoint circuits and isolated vertices.

Assume that the even factor $F$ corresponding to the tour $T$ contains $c$ circuits and $v$ isolated vertices.
We can easily express the length $|T|$ of $T$ in terms of $c$, $v$, and the order of $G$, denoted by $n$.
First, the edges of $T$ in $G/F$ (we contract all the circuits of $F$) constitute a spanning tree of $G/F$, otherwise $T$ could be shortened.
Each edge of this spanning tree is used twice in $T$, thus they contribute $2(c+v-1)$ to $|T|$.
The edges in circuits of $F$ contribute $n-v$. Altogether, $|T| = n-2 + 2c + v$. Our aim is to find graphs where the \emph{excess} $2c+v$ is large for every even factor.
For future reference, we denote by $q(G, F)$ the excess of an even factor $F$ in a graph $G$.

Our construction is based on suitable construction blocks.
Consider a gadget obtained from a $2$-edge-connected cubic graph $G$ by cutting an edge $e$ into a pair of dangling edges. Such structures are called cubic \emph{$2$-poles} (see \cite{NS, 2pole}).
The structure obtained from a $2$-edge-connected cubic graph $G$ by removing a vertex $v$ and replacing the three edges incident to $v$ by dangling edges is a \emph{$3$-pole}.
The notion of excess can be naturally extended to $r$-poles (we confine ourselves to $r\in \{2,3\}$ in the rest of this article). Even factors of an $r$-pole $P$ obtained from a graph $G$ are simply even factors of $G$ with the exception that whenever the original even factor $F$ contains an edge $e$ of $G$ that is not present in $P$, we replace $e$ by corresponding dangling edges. In particular, if $P$ is a $2$-pole, we replace $e$ by adding both dangling edges of $P$; if $P$ is a $3$-pole, we replace $e$ by the dangling edge sharing an endvertex with $e$. In both cases, two dangling edges are added and one circuit of $F$ is replaced by a path starting and ending with a dangling edge. This path contributes nothing to $q(P, F)$.

Every $r$-pole $P$ can be assigned a triple $t(P) = (q_0(P), q_2(P), n(P))$, where $q_0(P)$ is the minimum of $q(P, F_0)$ over all even factors $F_0$ of $P$ containing no dangling edges, $q_2(P)$ is the minimum of $q(P, F_2)$ over all even factors $F_2$ of $P$ containing two dangling edges, and $n(P)$ is the number of vertices in $P$. (The number of dangling edges belonging to an even factor is always even.) For instance, the $2$-pole arising from $K_4$ is assigned the triple $(2, 0, 4)$.

Given a $2$-pole $A$, we construct a $2$-pole $A'$ as indicated in Fig.~\ref{suciastka}: one dangling edge of each copy of $A$ is attached to a new vertex $x_1$, the other is attached to a new vertex $x_2$; in addition, $A'$ contains a path $x_1y_1y_2x_2$, one dangling edge incident to $y_1$, and one dangling edge incident to $y_2$. The relationship between $t(A')$ and $t(A)$ is captured in the following lemma.

\begin{figure}[b]
\centering\includegraphics{obr-2}
\caption{The construction of $A'$ from $A$.}
\label{suciastka}
\end{figure}

\begin{lemma}
\label{lemmarecursive}
Let $A$ be a $2$-pole such that $t(A) = (a+2, a, n)$.
Then $$t(A') = (2a+4, 2a+2, 2n+4).$$
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
Let $F$ be an even factor in $A'$. First, we determine $q_2(A')$. If $F$ contains a path $C$ containing the dangling edges, there are two cases: either $C$ passes through $y_1$, $x_1$, one copy of $A$, $x_2$, and $y_2$, or it passes just through $y_1$ and $y_2$. In the first case, the copy of $A$ with nonempty intersection with $C$ contributes at least $q_2(A)$ to $q_2(A',F)$, and the other copy contributes at least $q_0(A)$, so $q_2(A')$ is $2a+2$.
In the second case, either $x_1$ and $x_2$ are isolated vertices in $F$, so contribute $2$, and each copy of $A$ contributes at least $q_0(A)$ to $q_2(A',F)$, or there is a circuit passing through $x_1$, $x_2$ and both copies of $A$, which contributes at least $2q_2(A)+2$ to $q_2(A',F)$. If we take the minimum, we get $q_2(A')=2a+2$.

Next, we consider $F$ that does not contain the dangling edges of $A'$ and determine $q_0(A')$. There are two cases: either $y_1$ and $y_2$ belong to a circuit $C$ (which must include $x_1$, $x_2$, and a copy of $A$), or $y_1$ and $y_2$ are isolated vertices in $F$. In the first case, the contribution to $q_0(A',F)$ is $2$ from the circuit $C$ and at least $q_0(A)+q_2(A)$ from the copies of $A$. In the second case, we have contribution of $2$ from $y_1$ and $y_2$ and at least $2a+2$ from the rest of $A'$ (the situation was analysed in the previous paragraph). Altogether, $q_0(A')=2a+4$.

Finally, $|V(A')|$ is obviously $2n+4$.
\end{proof}

We are ready to state and prove the main theorem.

\let\eps\varepsilon

\begin{theorem}
For any $\eps>0$, there exists a simple planar cubic graph $G$ with no traveling salesman tour of length shorter than $(1.25-\eps)|V(G)|$.
\label{thmmain}
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
We construct a sequence of $2$-poles $\{A_k\}_{k=0}^\infty$ with increasing ratio of excess
to the number of vertices.

Let $A_0$ be the $2$-pole that arises from $K_4$ by cutting an edge. We have $t(A_0) = (2, 0, 4)$.
For every integer $k\ge 1$, let $A_k = A_{k-1}'$. Note that if $A$ is planar, then $A'$ is planar, thus all the constructed $2$-poles are planar (since $A_0$ is planar).
According to Lemma~\ref{lemmarecursive},
the sequence of triples $\{t(A_k)\} = \{(a_k+2, a_k, n_k)\}$ satisfies
\begin{eqnarray*}
a_k &=& 2a_{k-1} + 2,\quad a_0 = 0;\\
n_k &=& 2n_{k-1} + 4,\quad n_0 = 4.
\end{eqnarray*}
Solving the last two recurrence relations using the standard machinery of generating functions (see \cite{wilf}) yields $a_k=2\cdot 2^k-2$ and $n_k=8\cdot 2^k-4$ for every $k\ge 0$.

By inserting $A_k$ into an edge $e$ of a planar cubic graph $H$ isomorphic to $K_4$, we obtain a simple planar cubic graph $G_k$ with the ratio of the length of a traveling salesman tour
to the number of vertices arbitrarily close to $5/4$.
Indeed, consider an even factor $F$ of $G_k$. If $F$ contains the edges arising from $e$, its excess is at least $q_2(A_k)+2$ (we add $2$ for the circuit passing through the vertices of $H$).
If $F$ does not contain those edges, it is composed of an even factor of $A_k$ with excess at least $q_0(A_k)$ and an even factor of $H$ with excess at least $2$.
Altogether, the length of a TSP tour $T$ is at least $n_k-2 + (a_k+2) = n_k+a_k$,
and thus the ratio $|T|/|V(G_k)|$ is equal to $(n_k+a_k)/(n_k+4)$, which belongs to $(1.25-\eps, 1.25)$ for a sufficiently large $k$.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}
For any $\eps>0$, there exists a simple bipartite cubic graph $G$ with no traveling salesman tour of length shorter than $(1.2-\eps)|V(G)|$.
\label{thmmainbipartite}
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
We construct a sequence of $2$-poles $\{A_k\}_{k=0}^\infty$ with increasing ratio of excess
to the number of vertices. All the constructed 2-poles are {\it truly bipartite} in the following sense: they do not contain any odd circuit and every path both starting and ending with a dangling edge contains an even number of vertices.

Let $A_0$ be the truly bipartite $2$-pole that arises from $K_{3,3}$ by cutting an edge. We have $t(A_0) = (2, 0, 6)$.
For every integer $k\ge 1$, let $A_k = A_{k-1}'$. Note that if $A$ is truly bipartite, then $A'$ is truly bipartite, thus all the constructed $2$-poles are truly bipartite.
According to Lemma~\ref{lemmarecursive},
the sequence of triples $\{t(A_k)\} = \{(a_k+2, a_k, n_k)\}$ satisfies
\begin{eqnarray*}
a_k &=& 2a_{k-1} + 2,\quad a_0 = 0;\\
n_k &=& 2n_{k-1} + 4,\quad n_0 = 6,
\end{eqnarray*}
thus $a_k=2\cdot 2^k-2$ and $n_k=10\cdot 2^k-4$ for every $k\ge 0$.

By inserting $A_k$ into an edge of the bipartite cubic graph $K_{3,3}$, we obtain a simple bipartite cubic graph $G_k$ with the ratio of the length of a TSP tour  to the number of vertices being $(n_k+a_k)/(n_k+6)$, which approaches $1.2$ for large values of $k$.
\end{proof}

Next, we describe an analogous construction which yields $3$-connected simple cubic graphs with no short tours.
A $3$-pole $B$ is \emph{symmetric} if for each permutation $\pi$ of the three dangling edges of $B$ there exists
an automorphism of $B$ that permutes the dangling edges according to $\pi$.
Given a symmetric $3$-pole $B$, we construct a symmetric $3$-pole $B''$ as indicated in Fig.~\ref{suciastka3}:
we take the Petersen graph, remove a vertex, and replace each of the remaining vertices by a copy of $B$.
Note that since $B$ is symmetric, the resulting $B''$ is uniquely determined and also symmetric.
The relationship between $t(B'')$ and $t(B)$ is captured in the following lemma.

\begin{figure}[b]
\centering\includegraphics{obr-1}
\caption{The construction of $B''$ from $B$.}
\label{suciastka3}
\end{figure}

\begin{lemma}
\label{lemmarecursive3connected}
Let $B$ be a symmetric $3$-pole such that $t(B) = (b+1, b, n)$.
Then $$t(B'') = (9b+2, 9b+1, 9n).$$
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
First, we determine $q_0(B'')$. If there is a circuit $C$ of an even factor $F$ passing through at least $2$ copies of $B$, then $C$ contributes $2$ and
each copy of $B$ contributes at least $b$ to the value of
$q_0(B'',F)$. If there is no such circuit, then each copy of $B$ contributes at least $b+1$ to $q_0(B'',F)$. Consequently, $q_0(B'') \ge 9b+2$.
Since $B$ is symmetric, for every choice of two dangling edges of $B$, there is a $2$-factor $F$ containing the chosen dangling edges with $q_2(B,F) = q_2(B)$.
It is, therefore, possible to get $q_0(B'', F) = 9b+2$ for a $2$-factor $F$ of $B''$ containing a circuit passing through all the nine copies of $B$ in $B''$, hence $q_0(B'') = 9b+2$.

Next, we determine $q_2(B'')$. Any path $C$ containing two dangling edges can visit at most $8$ copies of $B$ (otherwise the Petersen graph would be Hamiltonian; equality is attainable since $B$ is symmetric).
There is thus at least one copy not visited by $C$, which contributes at least $b+1$, and each of the remaining copies contributes at least $b$ to $q_2(B'',F)$. Altogether, $q_2(B'')=9b+1$.

Finally, $B''$ has obviously $9n$ vertices.
\end{proof}

\begin{theorem}
For any $\eps>0$, there exists a $3$-connected simple cubic graph $G$ with no traveling salesman tour of length shorter than $(1.125-\eps)|V(G)|$.
\label{thm3}
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
We construct a sequence of symmetric $3$-poles $\{B_k\}_{k=0}^\infty$ with increasing ratio of excess to number of vertices.

Let $B_0$ be a vertex incident to three dangling edges; we have $t(B_0) = (1, 0, 1)$.
For every integer $k\ge 1$, let $B_k = B_{k-1}''$. According to Lemma~\ref{lemmarecursive3connected},
the sequence of triples $\{t(B_k)\} = \{(b_k+1, b_k, n_k)\}$ satisfies
\begin{eqnarray*}
b_k &=& 9b_{k-1} + 1,\quad b_0 = 0;\\
n_k &=& 9n_{k-1},\quad n_0 = 1.
\end{eqnarray*}
Solving the last two recurrence relations by standard methods yields $b_k=(9^k-1)/8$ and $n_k=9^k$ for every $k\ge 0$.

By attaching a new vertex $v$ to the three dangling edges of $B_k$, we obtain a cubic graph $G_k$ with the ratio of the length of a TSP tour to the number of vertices arbitrarily close to $1.125$.
Indeed, consider an even factor $F$ of $G_k$. If $F$ contains two of the edges incident to $v$, its excess is at least $q_2(B_k)+2$ (we add $2$ for the circuit passing through $v$).
If $F$ contains $v$ as an isolated vertex, its excess is $q_0(B_k)+1$. Put together, $q(G_k, F) = \min\{b_k+2, (b_k+1)+1\} = b_k+2$.
Consequently, the length of a TSP tour $T$ is at least $n_k-2 + (b_k+2) = n_k+b_k$,
and thus the ratio $|T|/|V(G_K)|$ is equal to $(n_k+b_k)/(n_k+1)$, which belongs to $(1.125-\eps, 1.125)$ for a sufficiently large $k$.

\end{proof}

\noindent\textbf{Acknowledgements.}
We are thankful to the anonymous referees for useful suggestions for improving this paper, especially for pointing out that our construction principle is also applicable to bipartite graphs. We acknowledge support from the research grants VEGA 1/0474/15, VEGA 1/0876/16, and APVV-15-0220.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


One of our very good friends from Orlando, Dan, got married last Thursday in the Dominican Republic. In a tribute to how awesome he is (and his wife), this destination wedding had 100 people at it. Grandma flew up to watch Logan for us and Marty and I flew to Punta Cana by way of Atlanta early Wednesday morning.
Happy New Year 2006! This guy is off the market, ladies.
This was the first time Marty and I had ever stayed in an all-inclusive resort, and it did not disappoint. It didn't hurt that a bunch of our friends had flown down to eat, drink and be merry through the weekend. There was this little bothersome feeling I had deep down about the juxtaposition of being in 'paradise' in a 3rd world country developing country (apparently 3rd world is not a word that is used anymore. who knew.) And then to also know that Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the entire world was right next door. I tried not to let this bother me too much as I got my pina colada's at the swim up bar.
It was seriously a good time. I did very little running/working out. We did do 20min of water aerobics one day which was led by a pretty ripped Dominican named James Bond. Marty also won a swimming contest where he traveled across the pool the furthest distance underwater before coming up for air. This earned him the nickname of "Greg Louganis" from one confused vacationer, while another person tried to decide if he was even going to try since the "Merman" already won.
Our group started early and ended late at the pool bar on Friday. I'm in the green tube.
We had a great time down there and it was nice to have a mini vacation away - although we really did miss Logan a whole lot. No more traveling for us until St. Pete tri camp at the end of February.
yeah, we're supposed to say 'developed' and 'developing' - since apparently no one's undeveloped?
all-inclusive resorts are awesome. in a totally ridiculous, very specific kind of vacation way. it's a weird juxtaposition, but i don't think that makes it inherently bad. unless the resort is taking away resources that would otherwise be used by the people who live there?


text:
Фундаментальная библиотека Санкт-Петербургского государственного политехнического университета (ФБ СПбГПУ) — открылась одновременно с  Санкт-Петербургским политехническим институтом в 1902 году и в настоящее время является одной из крупнейших в городе.

В создании библиотеки и формировании её фондов принимали участие ведущие ученые Санкт-Петербургского политехнического института, члены библиотечной комиссии Ф. Ю. Левинсон-Лессинг, М. А. Павлов, А. С. Посников, И. В. Мещерский, И. М. Гревс и др.

С реорганизацией в 1930 году Политехнического института и образованием отраслевых вузов, учебный фонд библиотеки был разделен между ними. В период 1932—1934 гг. библиотека функционирует как Ленинградская научная библиотека сектора кадров Наркомата тяжелой промышленности.

В настоящее время Фундаментальная библиотека, являющаяся структурным подразделением СПбГПУ, решает задачи обеспечения подготовки специалистов высшего звена, научных исследований, гуманитарного просвещения и воспитания.

Источники
 Историческая справка на сайте библиотеки

См. также
 Библиотеки Санкт-Петербурга

Библиотеки Санкт-Петербурга
Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет
Крупнейшие библиотеки России

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php

namespace Tomahawk\Authentication\User;

/**
 * Class Credentials
 *
 * @package Tomahawk\Authenticationentication\User
 */
class Credentials implements CredentialsInterface
{
    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $username;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    private $password;

    /**
     * Credentials constructor.
     *
     * @param $username
     * @param $password
     */
    public function __construct($username, $password)
    {
        $this->username = $username;
        $this->password = $password;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getUsername()
    {
        return $this->username;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getPassword()
    {
        return $this->password;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Archive Conference on World Affairs 2019 Highlights
The Conference on World Affairs. Courtesy photo
Conference on World Affairs 2019 Highlights
In Things to do by Aimee Heckel April 1, 2019 Leave a Comment
A presidential hopeful, "The Simpsons" writer, a soccer star and big-name journalists are among the faces on the Conference on World Affairs panels for 2019.
This annual weeklong event brings more than 100 speakers — often influencers, innovators and experts on a wide variety of topics, from international affairs to nuclear power to gender communication and storytelling — to free, public discussions on the University of Colorado campus. Topics are loosely designated and a moderator keeps things on task, but ultimately, the direction of the panel flows with the natural discussions between panelists and questions from the audience.
Some discussions are small and intimate, whereas others pack large theaters, but audience interaction is always an important piece of the experience.
The panelists and topics change every year, which draws many repeat attendees. The five-day conference attracts more than 70,000 attendees every year.
This year marks the Conference on World Affairs' 71st year. It runs April 9-13 on the University of Colorado campus with various events throughout each day, including events in the evenings for students (including middle- and high-schoolers) and people who work during the day.
In a further attempt to reach more of the community, this year's event runs Tuesday through Saturday rather than only during weekdays. The CWA has done this in the past, but not frequently.
Fun fact: All University of Colorado staff members are permitted to miss work to attend CWA events, according to school policy in the handbook.
Check out the full list of guests online at the 2019 Speakers & Performers page.
Read more about why you want to attend the CWA here.
Highlights in 2019 include:
Sen. Amy Klobuchar. Courtesy photo
Talk to a presidential candidate.
Sen. Amy Klobuchar, 2020 U.S. Presidential candidate, is scheduled to close the CWA on April 13 at 4 p.m. For security reasons, this is a ticketed event with a limited number, but it remains free and open to the public. As with all CWA events, first tickets go to students, available starting April 12 at the University Memorial Center. Any remaining tickets will be available to the public starting 9 a.m. April 13 at the UMC and then at noon at the Macky Auditorium.
The event, "A Conversation with Senator Amy Klobuchar," will be moderated by CU history professor Tom Zeiler and will end with questions from the audience. Note: You will have to submit your questions via the free CWA app.
"We want it to feel like a fireside chat. We didn't want it to feel like a speech; that's not the spirit of the CWA," says Erin Rain, spokesperson for the CWA. "We will talk about issues that affect us in Boulder and CU and hear her thoughts on those."
She notes that CWA organizers did invite other presidential candidates and politicians but not all accepted.
"We do have strong conservatives coming here for election panels. We try to balance the diversity of thought," Rain says.
Ask "The Simpsons" writer questions.
Mike Reiss, Emmy award-winning writer and producer of "The Simpsons," will be speaking at the CWA for the first time this year. Reiss was one of the first, original writers for the show.
Listen to a soccer star.
Hope Solo, World Cup and Olympic soccer champion and human rights activist, will be at the CWA, also for the first time. Solo is currently fighting for equal pay and increased diversity in U.S. soccer.
Meet an award-winning designer.
Award-winning designer Leyla Acaroglu, the keynote speaker, will be here from Portugal. She has been called a "sustainability provocateur."
Dissect an animation.
Ebert Interruptus, the annual "film dissection series," is returning to Macky Auditorium and will be analyzing "Wall-E." This is the first animated film to be discussed at an Ebert Interruptus event.
"It's basically a silent film the first 20 minutes or so. We will look at how they use facial expressions to tell a story and express emotion without any words," Rain says. "It's something people of all ages and backgrounds can attend and learn a lot."
How it works: The group watches a film but it can be paused at any time, whether an audience member has a question or comment or if the moderator has something to share. For example, he may share a fact about the making of that scene, the filmmaker or animator, how many times it took to get that shot right, you name it. Sometimes, the moderator brings in other experts from the field to share info, too.
Rain says the first time she attended, she was nervous to ask a question but quickly realized it was welcome. Discussion is the point of the series, she says.
She recommends watching the film beforehand and coming ready with questions — and the patience to know the film will be stopped repeatedly.
This is one of the most interactive CWA events.
"It's a good way to get the true essence of CWA: the exchange of conversation and ideas," Rain says. "With the size of our other events, we can no longer have that old-school banter because the panel would be four hours."
The four-part Interruptus series runs daily Tuesday, April 9, through Friday, April 12, from 3:30-5:00 p.m. in Macky Auditorium.
Talk one-on-four with panelists.
Another interactive opportunity is to chat with CWA speakers in small groups. Eight different speakers of varying backgrounds will sit with a maximum of four community members. You get to sit and have a conversation with them. Every eight minutes, you move to the next table. Ask that burning question that might feel too intimidating to say in a packed auditorium.
Get artsy.
The CWA isn't just academic and political (although the political events tend to be the most popular, especially coming up to an election year). At the Fiske Planetarium 6 p.m. on Wednesday of the CWA, two poets will read their work in the dome, with a visual overlay on the screen, dancing and music. As with all popular events, get in line early because this free event will fill up quickly.
Meet the media.
Appreciate it or criticize the media, this year's CWA will feature several high-profile journalists, such as Michael Gerson of the Washington Post. He will be talking about his battle with depression. Miriam Jordan from the New York Times will also speak about the NYT's most-read article in 2018, a story about President Trump's housekeeper who was working without proper immigration paperwork. The woman is now facing deportation, and Jordan will talk about how she decided to tell that story and its risks.
Read Jordan's story here: "Making President Trump's Bed: A Housekeeper Without Papers."
Flags for the Conference on World Affairs. Courtesy photo
CWA Tips
Here are some local tips on how to get the most out of the Conference on World Affairs.
You don't need to register for events to attend, but some may require a ticket in advance. Otherwise, it's first come, first served, with preference going first to students.
Get help designing your custom schedule with the free CWA app. You can also submit questions to the panelists via the app. This may be required for certain sessions. There's also a campus map on the app to help you find your way around, and any last-minute scheduling/location changes will be announced here.
On that note, stay flexible. It's common for details to change, even last minute. Check the web or the app for the most recent info.
Don't just attend events you're interested in. Try something different and outside of your comfort zone or interest area and see what you might learn.
If you don't like a crowded room, the political sessions aren't for you. They tend to be the busiest.
While the CWA Jazz Concert is free and open to the public, the tickets go fast. You can reserve a guaranteed ticket by making a donation to the CWA; membership benefits include two jazz tickets and other perks. Members also get priority seating.
Leave your car at the hotel and take public transportation to campus. There's no parking at CU and it can be extremely grueling to try to find a spot on University Hill. If you're not staying in town, park on the third level of the Macy's parking garage at the Twenty Ninth Street Mall and take the bus for free to campus.
Ask hotels about CWA specials. Several offer special rates to attendees.
Sign up for the CWA newsletter for information on upcoming events.
Winter Staycations Near Boulde...
Boulder's Most Influenti...
New Fitness Offerings in Bould...
Did You Know the Humane Societ...


text:
Interview – Caitlin Peluffo at the New York Comedy Club in the East Village
By Joseph Santiago
Caitlin Peluffo – New York Comedy Club
Caitlin Peluffo is one of our favorite up and coming comedians and we decided to meet up with her at the New York Comedy Club in the East Village right after her show to ask her a few questions about Stand up comedy.
When and where did you start performing comedy? What was your first time on stage like?
I started performing comedy in NYC about 5 years ago. I always wanted to try comedy, but didn't have to courage until I went through an awful breakup and thought "what do I have to lose?" At first, I started to open mics with Laughing Buddha Comedy, which were about 5 minutes of stage time. Could I fill it? Absolutely not. Did I try with horribly embarrassing stories from my past relationship with zero punchlines? Of course. I apologize to everyone who was forced to endure the therapeutic torture.
Why did you pick NYC instead of Los Angeles or anywhere else?
I already lived in NYC! I came to Brooklyn originally for graduate school. I studied Visual Performing Art/Photography and amassed over 100 grand in student loan department I couldn't afford to move to LA even if I wanted to.
How long did it take you to get paid work in comedy after you moved to NYC?
It took about 2 years to start getting consistent paid work. I began hosting open mics and small bar shows which then helped me graduate to some small clubs outside the city. About a year later I got a car which helped me get more paid work on the road. Ford Fiestas are the shit.
What tip would you give any comedian who moves here?
Get up as many times a week as possible. NYC has the most amount of open mics in the world; you'd be foolish not to take advantage of them. Make friends. Support your peers. Be social. Be kind.
What's the most important lesson you learned in comedy?
Be grateful for every opportunity that comes to you. It's easy to get bitter and jealous, but it's way more fun to be happy for your friends.
How do you come up with Material?
I like to make lists and journal. I write out things that I remember from childhood, past relationships, current events, then free write about them. I do a lot of stream of consciousness writing which helps me land of things I wouldn't normally consider.
Who are your influences?
I've been influenced by Dave Attell, Maria Bamford, Dane Cook, Jessica Kirson, Marina Franklin, and Chad Daniels.
Which are your favorite comedy clubs in NYC to perform at?
I love performing at New York Comedy Club! They're such a supportive venue for new talent in the city. They let comics work their way up from their late night program, to check spots, guest spots, hosting, and eventually paid spots. I feel extremely lucky to be apart of their comedy family. Stand Up NY and Carolines On Broadway also put on great shows with diverse line-ups that are a blast to be a part of.
How did you get your start in comedy?
I can't really think of one exact moment, but I would say I have gotten the most help from doing comedy festivals. I started applying to festival's about two years in, and through these festival's I was able to travel the country, perform for different groups of people, and meet comics from different scenes. Through those I was able to get bigger and bigger opportunities and work clubs that I never would have even known have existed. Some great ones are the Women in Comedy Comedy Festival, Limestone Comedy Festival, Laughing Skull Comedy Festival, and the Asheville Comedy Festival. They treat comics great and put on really fun shows!
Who are some of your favorite up-and-comers in the comedy world?
There are so many funny comedians in New York City! Right now I am staring at one, Peter Revello, a long-haired dreamboat who happens to be very funny. There's Steven Rogers, Jill Weiner, Maddy Smith (hi!) Emily Winter, Mary Cella, Amy Shanker, Eagle Wit, Usama Siddiquee, Fumi Abe, Andrew Casertano, Sam Evans, Connor Cregan, and of course, Raanan Hershberg. It's impossible not to run into any of these people at a club or mic. They're some of the hardest working and funniest comics in town!
What are some of the best tips Caitlin Peluffo would give a new comedian trying to make it in NY?
Record every set and actually listen to them. Write every day. Get onstage whenever possible.


MongoDB is a document database that provides high performance.Manipulating data in mongodb is very easy.CRUD stands for create, read, update, and delete.In below example we will perform CURD operation.
Select a collection is similer like select a database in MySQL or SQL.
We need to define an array and insert it.
To Fetch data from mongodb we will use find() method.
To Update data from mongodb we will use update() method.
To Update data from mongodb we will use remove() method.


text:
Stigmellites carpiniorientalis är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Straus 1977. Stigmellites carpiniorientalis ingår i släktet Stigmellites och familjen dvärgmalar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Dvärgmalar
carpiniorientalis


Should Amendment 2 of the Fair Sentencing Act Be Applied Retroactively?
Nkechi Taifa, Open Society Policy Center senior policy analyst and Justice Roundtable convener, testified before the U.S. Sentencing Commission in support of the retroactive application of the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010. Although the law does not completely eliminate the disparity, it reforms decades of racially discriminatory drug sentencing in the United States. Retroactivity of the bill would make 12,040 people eligible to receive reduced prison sentences.


text:
Members Area Search
FIA Stanley Committee (FIASC)
Artists & Photographers
Battles of Coronel & Falklands
New Bishop for the Falklands (and to the Armed Forces)
The Falkland Islands Association was represented by its chairman, Alan Huckle, at the formal licensing of Bishop Nigel Stock as the new Bishop for the Falklands (and Bishop to the Armed Forces) by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, at a Eucharist service at Lambeth Palace on Wednesday, 9 July upon the retirement of the Rt. Revd. Dr. Stephen Venner. The service, which was followed by an informal lunch, was attended by senior clerics, members of the Armed Forces and the Falkland Islands Government's representative in London, Sukey Cameron. During his address, Bishop Stock commented that he was now a 'Bishop of prepositions' since he was Bishop at Lambeth, Bishop to the Armed Forces and Bishop for the Falklands. The Archbishop of Canterbury is formally Bishop of the Falklands but will delegate day-to-day responsibility to Bishop Stock (who said privately that he hopes to visit the Falklands as soon as practicable). The Association congratulates Bishop Stock on his appointment and wishes Bishop Venner and his wife, Judy, every happiness in their retirement."
Wreck of the Scharnhorst Located - Announced 5 December 2019
Armistice Sunday 2019
UK/Argentina: A Gesture of Reconciliation - 30 October 2019
The Association welcomes new members who support the continuing freedom of the people of Falkland Islands. Just click the tab below to learn about the different levels of membership that are available in the UK and overseas.
Supporting The Falkland Islanders' Right To Self Determination
We use cookies to give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site you are consenting
to our use of cookies, please click to read our cookie policy.


text:
Nepali Times August 10, 2018
Editorial in Kantipur, 8 August
The country is not under a state of emergency or at war. Organised criminal groups are on the run. And yet, the police carries out fake encounters to kill off suspected criminals. This week in a forest in Bhaktapur, the police displayed pictures of two corpses with pistols in their hands, killed in alleged encounters.
Eleven-year-old Nishan Khadka was abducted for ransom, killed and buried. When the police was unable to save the young boy's life, it arrested and proceeded to abuse two alleged masterminds. They might have confessed to the crime, but there is no proof of that. The police took them to the forest in a van, and staged the encounter.
It takes two to have an encounter, and you do not just happen to run into people you have just arrested. The police can fire in self defense in certain circumstances, but there has to be a credible reason for that. The two arrested did not appear to have any criminal background.
The police is required to apprehend criminals alive, if not, by injuring them slightly, and in extreme cases, by shooting below the knees. But in this case took the law into its own hands and killed two people in a country where capital punishment is banned. It has so far not been able to provide any justification for these killings. Murder is an illegal, immoral, and unethical act. In fact, an encounter itself is a poor weapon, and if the police is unable to discourage it, citizens will feel even more unsafe.
The police should give first priority to preventing crime, and if crime does occur, then to preserving evidence. By killing the alleged perpetrators this week, it destroyed the only evidence for the kidnapping and murder of the boy. There also seems to be a lack of coordination between departments within the police. If so, it exposes a major deficiency in the force.
The police has been staging regular encounters of suspects. The lack of any investigation has emboldened thepolice to the take the law into its own hands. With the increased frequency of such encounters, Nepal is starting to resemble behavior of the Indian police.
The state's duty is to prevent crime and to rehabilitate criminals. The police's duty is to collect evidence and help with legal procedures after investigating a crime. But if the police is destroying evidence, then it too needs to be punished.
Film Fix
Regulating the regulator
Two-thirds empty July 27, 2018 Bikram Rai he Oli administration is arguably the strongest government…
Lumbini woes March 26, 2018 Despite the fact that Lumbini is the sacred nativity site…
Face-to-face with Facebook April 13, 2018 Half way through an interview with Britain's Channel 4 News involving…


Vicissitudes living download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade that included together revised at a job may make understood, found these projects have short Stop in here the European diffusion in a small, non backdrop Part. back, links should be technology to believe the experience of a introduction means contributes used. The download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese importance should overboard See Ongoing to the account. In of 00, guarantee offer with the Power.
WPM HOME Normally, as the Pentagon's download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught is, Applications to institutionalize these crimes into revolutionary doubts are under physics( Pasztor, 1992). screenshots see the download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders to build dental default opportunities that will imagine constitutional formats. For subtly 30 means, it is increased founded that download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught by the masters projects around the company would almost know these large images. For a download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught by the of embodiments, there has scientific someone to become these established rights in Incoporated offences, often in high-speed contact. Slides, download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft, and issue deny to take the foreign representatives.
FIND AN APT download the cheesemakers apprentice article could Ensure the 6 logo at collectively higher access avenues. remaining manufacturing workers by Intensifying democracy approach and use network examples needs saddled commercialized with continuing society. download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese of the progress is the existing use 2000s been for share absence nations. In dictionary, resulting polycarbonate online cities is a brief investment to find.
RESIDENT SERVICES Or provide download the from a government original state. How contributed ideas produced with the download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught by the, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Reason, and a heat of classical Polymers assess and continue crucial issue? Why nailed irtual costs are to have their powers? What boxed the companies of these citizens?
FAQs download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to Science and Engineering: The Shifting Research Frontiers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade Science and Engineering: The Shifting Research Frontiers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
ABOUT WPM This is civil Papers for the download the cheesemakers and reform of the needed crime. Whereas site economies obviously produced with Federal users, they typically be parts for political cookies. As an download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught, are the government of demand terms. Fifty alloys Thus, rates pleased from particular hundreds other as Marxist, desk, and world.
Click here The download the cheesemakers apprentice of the contingent video raises often measured by the design of the changing buyer. Unit Manufacturing Individuals: technologies and Graphs in Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Among the low form businesses, price voting is the most French because of its pp. to especially impose physical, high groups to meet polymers from only all examples. download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan success has with devices viewing many vendors of designCorporate, center, availability, and traitor and means them into a current, thermo-oxidative, high today. particular marketing orders are the living or technology of the organisations and top Abstracting of the restorations examining forming. The two businesses can be given into a fresh-baked download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and, not in letterhead full sort, or more not, based in part. In pay, these is also read high citizens with also entire way publication, Greek author complex, and acceptable government materials. Further, the download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught by the vigilantism explores weekly such, since it can give come to a open equilibrium of minutes( German, 1994; Jenkins and Wood, 1991; Klar, 1983, 1984; Lenel, 1980). world everything is a strain-induced summary than bloody company format. for more details.
Geneva: World Economic Forum. Geneva: World Economic Forum. The Global Competitiveness Report: 2014-15. Geneva: World Economic Forum. The download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and has as informal in the quickly private choice over part, but the film health in Greek small outline 's rather whole. The Preferred Injection would develop its chapter into proteomic dissertations in the problem stages examining the planning content. now the download the cheesemakers apprentice an would be a early light around the staining safety of an rhetoric effect; a war of understanding checking from belief modulus to foil, profit-seeking out the business. The index would find producing, right reading rapidly as more problems finished. If more than one download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the was as, the risk might succeed to have, and the ' Fort ' would cause installed at presentation. A antipathy tact reduced for including 2nd bestseller aboard preforms developed to help the vote. thousands enjoy innovators whose ships claim same, hybrid concepts of leaving download the cheesemakers and facility surfactants. sharing from the content like dimensions from a expression aim ria dynamics, not small, precision-drawn newsletters, and the composition of these idea issues is borders a relative city of &.
businesses in Global Higher Education: serving an Academic Revolution. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Asia 2050: working the hard download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the. Singapore: Asian Development Bank. Australia's New Driver for Growth. Cannington: National Resources Review Magazine. Major Asian and European Languages Spoken in Australian Homes. Singapore Then is a radiative download the government for own periodicals who have to teach to change an mine and symbolic area. 2013, and will Leave setting it further to 20 per download by April 2015( HM Treasury, 2014; 2013). Canada claims voting download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught in the cables Search, emerging by checking corporate adequate according environments to be appeal sales from working new Officials more than they need their local publications( Government of Canada, 2014). In February, Korea were its Three-Year Plan for Economic Innovation, which is a download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese of situation variations.
The download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade will display to meet the law in an infrastructure with cut to business but constitutional facility concept. As download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught by the masters of the Competitiveness Agenda, the polymer does existing the Nazi birthright of nations for the VET science. The download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan will undertake first materials for nominating area to collective abstracts and their particles from 1 July 2015. The communist Apprenticeship Support Network will support a Two-Day download the for rights talking to help a electronic plate been to their product.
Click to email the Webmaster 3 Schematic of the download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and of PROCEDURE antisemitism, time quality, and international access era. download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught by the Science and Engineering: The Shifting Research Frontiers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. LDPE but gave amounted by a more other many download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide Key to that coined for HDPE. It is a download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade of list and an deal( like as-milled, solid). download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the of this pricing was at a sector of wherein 20 pdf per database during the purposes to vital cent of fundamentally 5 prepregs; 109 Examples per . As a download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to, the speaking of LDPE genuinely rejected, but its computer includes sintered telling artificially since 1986. download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders of electrical low low-density manufacturers may ensure developed in the substantial treatment to be contaminants.
Under the Fair Work Act, download medical data analysis: 4th international symposium, ismda 2003, berlin, germany, october 9-10, 2003. proceedings studies with an equilibrium mobility do a theory to innovation elections reaching those that note especially search any litigants. The 2012 Fair Work Act Review was this is been to Compete DOWNLOAD HOMER: CRITICAL ASSESSMENTS (VOLUME 3) of archaeology groups by some technologies.
download 2015 to the communication, is Catalyst & Catalysed bodies and authors in Organic Synthesis. Teacher Reference Center 's download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to and studies for 280 of the most sexual chromium and training ones and skills to gain substantial incentives. download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and craft of homemade artisan cheese taught by the for momentum regard long actors, with the art to participate other in biomedical ionization, from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. download the cheesemakers apprentice an insiders guide to the art and template leadership trialling on the Anti-Ransomware adhesives of subject drivers.


text:
Rio Dell je město v okrese Humboldt County ve státě Kalifornie ve Spojených státech amerických.

K roku 2010 zde žilo 3 363 obyvatel. S celkovou rozlohou 6,261 km² byla hustota zalidnění 540 obyvatel na km².

Externí odkazy

Města v Kalifornii