Giummarella, N., Lindgren, C., Lindström, M. E., and Henriksson, G. (2016). "Lignin prepared by ultrafiltration of black liquor: Investigation of solubility, viscosity, and ash content," BioRes. 11(2), 3494-3510.
The use of renewable raw materials as a replacement for fossil resources is necessary for several reasons, such as sustainability and minimizing environmental impacts on climate change (United Nations 1992). Because of the dependence on fossil fuels, i.e., liquid fuel for combustion engines and plastics for consumption products, the question of exactly which combination of renewable resources should replace petroleum has become crucial. Ethanol obtained by fermentation is in many ways a perfect candidate, as it both can serve as fuel in Otto engines (a type of combustion engine often used in cars) and can be used as a raw material for plastics such as polyethylene via dehydration to ethylene (Wyman 1999). However, there are also problems with the concept of ethanol as a primary replacement for petroleum in bulk products. The best microbial strain for producing ethanol, baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), prefers glucose and other hexose monosaccharides as its carbon source (Kim et al. 2012). Excellent substrates for ethanol fermentation with S. cerevisiae include sucrose and starch (van Zyl et al. 2012). However, production of suitable plants for this substrate, e.g., potato, sugar cane, corn, and sugar beet, competes directly with their use for food production (Spiertz and Ewert 2009).
A more attractive alternative is to use lignocellulose as a raw material, as reported by Baeyens et al. (2015). Wood, a lignocellulosic material, can be sustainably produced on land that is not suitable for agriculture, and byproducts from agriculture, i.e. straw, also consist of lignocellulose (Abdeshshian et al. 2010). Typically, over one-third of lignocellulose materials consist of polysaccharides, such as cellulose, that can be converted to fermentable sugars (Sjöström 1993). Not surprisingly, much research and development efforts have focused on degrading cellulose into glucose for fermentation as second-generation ethanol (Baeyens et al. 2015). However, one problem with lignocellulosic biomass is that cellulose is resistant to degradation; this means that inhibitors for fermentation, such as furfural may be formed (Larsson et al. 1999). Thus, increased efforts for cellulose saccharification have focused on cellulose-degrading enzymes (Naik et al. 2010). This saccharification process produces a pure glucose stream as a product; however, this process is slow and consumes large amounts of enzymes, which has hindered its commercialization. Methods for increasing the degradation rate have been suggested (Wang et al. 2015). However, because cellulose is valuable both as a fiber and as a polymer, both in traditional paper products and in cellulose derivatives, it might appear less attractive to hydrolyze it into glucose.
A better alternative for lignocellulosic biomass as a source of fuels and chemical products may be to use technical lignins, such as the solubilized lignin contained in the spent liquors from kraft pulping (Sjöström 1993). Today, this dissolved material is primarily burned in the recovery boiler in the kraft pulp mill to generate energy and to recover the kraft cooking chemicals. However, there is room for removing a fraction of the lignin, and this may, in many cases, allow pulp mills that are chemical recovery limited (e.g., recovery boiler bottleneck) to increase pulp production. A method for taking out lignin from the spent liquids of kraft pulping (black liquor) by a two-step precipitation method, Lignoboost, has been developed (Tomani 2009) and is presently commercialized. Many different applications have also been tested.
Lignin is generally more energy-rich than the carbohydrates in wood (McKendry 2002); however, this natural polymer is heterogenic and its structure is partly unknown (Boerjan et al. 2003). The structure becomes even more complex after its degradation during kraft pulping. Black liquor lignin consists of a mixture of organic oligomers with varying molecular weights and structure. Chemically, the oligomers are primarily hydrocarbons, rich in aromatic rings, double bonds, and oxygen. There is also some organically bound sulfur. This diverse complexity represents a problem for using the lignin for high-value applications. Dissolving lignin could be of central importance for processing the lignin into usable products. For example, if the lignin is dissolved, it can be fractionated by techniques such as ultrafiltration and chromatography into better-defined products, which can be used as feedstocks for other chemicals, materials, etc. Another interesting concept is that the double bonds in kraft lignin could be hydrogenated and the resulting material be cracked and refined, similar to petroleum, for producing liquid fuels in combustion engines. Thus, the solubility properties of prepared kraft lignin are of fundamental importance.
The Royal Institute of Technology, in conjunction with CleanFlow Black AB, has developed a method for preparing lignin from kraft black liquor using ultrafiltration (Keyoumu et al. 2004; Helander et al. 2013). Presently, a pilot plant is under evaluation, and thus a novel type of technical lignin can be produced in large scale.
In this work, the solubility properties of Lignoboost and ultrafiltered CleanFlow Black lignin from the pilot plant were compared in technically significant solvents. The possibility of ash removal from the filtered lignin was also investigated.
Freeze-dried Lignoboost lignin (ash content 0.25%) was provided by Chalmers University, and filtered softwood kraft lignin (ash content 4%) was prepared by ultrafiltration of black liquor.
The ultra-filtrated lignin was prepared on CleanFlow Black´s pilot plant located on a Swedish kraft mill pulping mixed softwood (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris). The black liquor lignin was obtained by ultrafiltration followed by precipitation with carbon dioxide at pH 9 and 65 °C. The method is principally a larger scale version of the system described by Keyoumu et al. (2004) and used by Helander et al. (2013).
The ceramic filter with a nominal cut off of 5 kDa consists of 19 channels with a surface area of 816 cm2. The membrane consists of ZrO2 and is made by Altech Germany. The pilot plant produces 20 kg lignin per day and use weak black liquor. The high weight fraction is returned to the evaporation system.
All the solvents used in this study were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). The centrifuge used was a Mini Spin Eppendorf from Eppendorf AG (Hamburg, Germany). The oven/furnace used for determining moisture and ash content was a M9-1200 from ML Furnaces Ltd. (Boughton, UK).
Screening experiments with lignin solvents were conducted by attempting to dissolve 50 mg of lignin with 0.5 mL of polar, apolar solvents and water (Fig. 2), in a 2-mL pre-tared centrifugation tube. This was done both for Lignoboost lignin and low-molecular weight lignin. The samples, after shaking, were dissolved using constant magnetic stirring (300 rpm) at room temperature for roughly 2 h and visually examined for depth of color of solution, as well as the presence of undissolved material. Thereafter, the samples were centrifuged for 120 seconds at room temperature and 14×103 relative centrifugal force (rcf). The supernatant (Lignin to Liquid – L.t.L.) was poured out, whereas the solid fraction was washed with water by centrifugation under the same conditions. Finally, the residual pellet was dried at 50 °C overnight and weighed. To compare the solubility of Lignoboost and filtered lignin at higher concentrations, 400 mg of each lignin were mixed with 0.5 mL of the same solvents of previous experiment. The experimental set up and analysis were the same as for the screening experiment.
where solution is the viscosity of the sample, solution is the density of the sample, timesolution is the flow time for the sample, ref is the viscosity of the reference,  ref is the density of the reference, and timeref is the flow time for the reference.
Filtered lignin produced at Aspa was tested for ash removal by proper and efficient washing. Roughly 2.2 g of finely ground lignin was washed with 50 mL of deionized water at pH 9.5, 1.5% acetic acid solution (pH 4), and 2% sulfuric acid solution (pH 1) at room temperature in a 100-mL beaker.
The lignin samples were magnetically stirred for 30 min and allowed to settle until phase separation occurred; lignin, when possible, was separated from the liquid and collected in a crucible. Lastly, water and both acidic solutions were tested as washing agents, also at their boiling points.
A batch of 20 kg of wet lignin was split into two buckets (10 L volume), and one drum (30 L volume) was filled with cold sulfuric acid solution (pH 4). The mixture was manually stirred and left to settle overnight. Water was removed by means of a Buchner funnel under vacuum, and the wet lignin collected was washed twice with cold H2SO4 solution (pH 4). The final washing was carried out using a more acidic H2SO4 solution (pH 2) that was cold. The lignin obtained after the last acidic wash was dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet overnight.
An analytical balance was used to weigh 1 g of selected lignin samples (accurate to 0.1 mg) in a dried and pre-weighed 30-mL marked porcelain crucible. Samples were finely ground and carefully weighed. After moisture determination, which was carried out at 105 °C for 2 to 3 h and followed by 15 min of cooling in a desiccator, the dried samples were placed in a muffle furnace. To prevent overflowing and spattering in the furnace, the samples were kept at each intermediate 100 °C increment of temperature for 90 min before reaching the final temperature of 575 ± 10 °C. Afterwards, the samples were left in the furnace overnight for approximately 16 h; the crucibles were weighed after cooling them to room temperature in a desiccator for 1 h. The ash contents are expressed as percent ash in the sample, which is equal to the weight of the ash multiplied by 100 and this quantity divided by the weight of the original sample.
A number of industrially feasible organic solvents were chosen for a screening experiment, where the crude lignin (Lignoboost) and the low-molecular weight lignin (CleanFlow lignin (also called filtered lignin)) were tested for their solubility in these media. To evaluate the data and explain the outcomes using a scientific and theoretical approach, some preliminary calculations are necessary.
The solubility of a polymer, such as lignin, in a medium can be predicted qualitatively by the similarity in chemical groups between solvent and polymer, and quantitatively by solubility parameter comparisons. Therefore, to evaluate lignin solubility, Hildebrand parameters of lignin monomers guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) phenylpropane monomers have been calculated according to literature (Schuerch 1952). values listed in Table 1 have been obtained summing up the square root of the ratio between (energy of vaporization to the gas at zero pressure) and (molar volume) of each monomer structural elements.
where is the Hildebrand solubility parameter value, is the heat (or enthalpy) of vaporization in cal/mol, T is the boiling point in K, p is the density in g/cm3, Mw is the molecular weight in g/mol, and R is the gas constant in cal/(mol∙K). These values are reported in Table 2.
Hansen parameters of lignin, together with the interaction radius (R0), were found in the literature (Hansen 2007) and are listed in Fig. 1. Similarly, Table 3 shows the Hansen partial values and RA(i.e., solubility parameter distance) regarding the most interesting solvents, which were investigated by actual solubility experiments.
In Table 4, the solubility parameters of solvents investigated according to both theories are compared and listed in decreasing order; moreover, the best solvents for softwood lignin have been highlighted in bold font. They have Hildebrand solubility parameters (left side) approaching 14 (cal/cm3)1/2, which corresponds closely to the value for lignin.
Similarly, according to Hansen (2007), the solvents able to dissolve lignin must have a relative energy difference, i.e., RED (= RA/R0), that is less than or slightly greater than one.
As a result of screening experiments carried out at low lignin concentration (roughly 10% by weight), it was observed that the filtered lignin was more soluble than the Lignoboost lignin (Figs. 2 and 3). Furthermore, apolar solvents were clearly poor media for lignin dissolution, except for p-dioxane, which dissolved both Lignoboost and low-molecular weight lignin (i.e., filtered lignin) with the same efficiency (Fig. 2). Glycerol is a polar solvent and is able to hydrogen bond; nonetheless, this solvent did not dissolve the lignin at all. Aliphatic alcohols, together with the apolar nature of the aliphatic chain, have differing abilities to dissolve lignin.
It has been observed that the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic alcohols affects lignin dissolution. To put it in different terms, butanol is a longer molecule and has less mobility than methanol; additionally, butanol has more steric hindrances versus methanol to surround lignin moieties. Finally, the high polarity of furfural and the hydrogen bonding ability of furfuryl alcohol illustrates that these solvents are very promising to dissolve lignin for biorefinery applications. However, condensation and curing reactions that occur with these solvents, which are accelerated by increased temperature with acidic environments, make them more interesting for use with green plastic engineering rather than fuel generation (Dongre et al. 2015).
Figure 2 summarizes the results obtained from lignin dissolution with the different solvents. The number reported over each column stands for the amount of dissolved lignin obtained (i.e., L.t.L.) after dissolution and centrifugation. The values in parentheses beside the solvent name in Fig. 2 are the weight/volume ratio of the solvent/lignin mixture.
Generally during the dissolution process, it was observed that good lignin solvents, which turned out to be miscible with water, resulted in darker (almost black) solutions than the original solvent's color. Furthermore, the observed increase in the solvent's viscosity was obviously caused by lignin dissolution. Conversely, poor lignin solvents, such as cyclohexane and heptanes, maintained their original solvent viscosity and color. As expected, the non-polar nature of solvents such as gasoline and cyclohexane resulted in low L.t.L. values. Lastly, it was observed that mixing glycerol and lignin together created a heterogeneous suspension in which the solid lignin particles were dispersed throughout the liquid phase.
The last set of solubility experiments focused on the ability of the best solvents to dissolve lignin at higher concentrations. Figure 3 illustrates that low-molecular weight lignin (i.e., filtered lignin) exhibited higher solubility in all the solvents tried than the Lignoboost lignin. The lower degree of polymerization of the ultrafiltrated lignin versus the Lignoboost lignin allows the solvent molecules to better solvate these lignins.
Furthermore, lower-molecular weight lignin fractions are soluble in solvents with a wider range of solubility parameters and hydrogen bonding capacities than higher-molecular weight lignin fractions. This was the case observed for acetic acid and butanol.
Solution viscosity is a crucial parameter for handling, processing, and transporting a liquid. Dynamic viscosity values (in centipoises) of 50 mg of lignin in 0.5-mL solutions were measured from previous dissolution experiments. As shown in Fig. 4, at this low lignin concentration value, the viscosity of almost all solvent solutions seemed unaffected by the dissolved lignin.
The viscosities of these solutions were lower than water (as the reference) and quite similar to their respective solvent without dissolved lignin. On the other hand, lignin solutions with furfuryl alcohol or ethylene glycol were roughly two and four times more viscous than water, respectively. Furthermore, lignin solutions obtained from filtered lignin were always, even if in some cases only slightly, less viscous than those obtained from Lignoboost lignin. However, as shown in Fig. 5, higher concentrations of lignin in the solvents resulted in a larger viscosity gap between the filtered and Lignoboost lignins. The solution viscosities of Lignoboost lignin were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those obtained from filtered lignin. Unsurprisingly, the highest viscosity values were obtained from the densest solvents, such as furfural and furfuryl alcohol, respectively, with the Lignoboost lignin. Thus, it is clear that there is an advantage to using filtered lignin whose concentration, in a suitable solvent, can be tailored to a targeted viscosity range. For instance, this could allow a lignin-based liquid fuel to be pumped. Finally, looking at the filtered lignin line in Fig. 5, it can be observed that the viscosity of the methanol solution is markedly lower than that of the others. For instance, furfural and acetic acid solutions are, respectively, five and eight times more viscous than the methanol solutions of filtered lignin.
When less than ideal solvents were used to dissolve Lignoboost lignin, low L.t.L volumes were obtained; these limited volumes were not enough to run capillary viscometer tests. This was directly related to the experimental set-up employed, where a 2-mL centrifugation tube was used as the mixing environment.
Very viscous solutions could not be compared in terms of timing to the reference solvent (glycerol) because they were unable to flow in a narrow 0.5-mL pipette.
Finally, it must be noted that subjective observation errors or differences in the measured capillary efflux times led to increasing reproducibility uncertainties, as well as to certain systematic errors. Nonetheless, the results obtained in this study illustrate the indisputable advantages of using low-molecular weight lignin (i.e., filtered lignin), as it yielded higher solubilities in various solvents with lower solution viscosities.
Lignin washing that was performed at higher temperatures resulted in increased difficulties of separating the solid lignin from the wash water. In particular, for the sample dissolved in deionized water, after cooling, lignin redissolved in particles small enough that they could not settle. Filtration was impossible because of clogging of the filter cake together with swelling of particles. For this reason, the ash content data for this sample was not reported.
Looking at Fig. 6, the trends show that if samples are washed at higher temperature, the ash content is always lower than those washed at room temperature. This outcome might be explained by the fact that mobility and diffusion of ions such as Na+ are more efficient.
Fig. 6. Wash curves obtained at different pH values at room temperature and at 100 °C. Lignin used was precipitated at pH 9 after black liquor ultrafiltration through a ceramic membrane with a nominal cut off of 5 kDa (denoted above by the black datum point).
Size of lignin particles. Increasing surface area by reducing the size of lignin particles is crucial to quick and even ion exchange.
Volume of wash water. The wash liquor volume must be at least two times the volume of supernatant in each washing step. This observation agrees with our previous work with the Lignoboost method (Axegård 2007).
Time of washing. The amount of time needed for lignin washing is inversely proportional to wash temperature. However, a time period between 12 and 24 h, in each step, appeared to be enough time to ion exchange the lignin into its protonated form.
Number of washing steps. A new amount of clean, acidified water is needed when the washing liquor becomes saturated. The result shown in Fig. 7 (right) was obtained after using four separate washing steps. As a demonstration of this, with one washing less, the ash content for the batch described was ten times higher.
Finally, it was observed that when the "reference" unwashed lignin samples were heated to analyze their ash content, the formation of char occurred frequently. Because these were unwashed samples, it is very likely that the access of oxygen to organic material is hindered by the presence of salts such as sodium. However, when the incombusted samples were reheated at 575 °C, char disappeared, providing reliable reference data. For this reason, preparing a finely grounded sample of less than 1 g has been shown to be helpful to limit char formation.
The lignin obtained by the ultrafiltration of black liquor displayed superior properties over the unfractionated lignin in terms of solubility and lower viscosity, which leads to easy handling of the material. Thus, the processing steps of the ultrafiltrated lignin, such as fractionation, chemical modification, and hydrogenation, will be enhanced. The high solubility of ultrafiltration lignin in furfural has a special interest, as this chemical is used for the manufacture of resins. Dissolved lignin can work as a filler or modifier in these resins.
A potential problem associated with black liquor lignin in many different applications is the ash content. However, washing the lignin with acidified water, such as carbon dioxide (from the lime kiln) dissolved in water, presents an industrially feasible method: firstly carbon dioxide is available in kraft mills, and secondly it does not disturb the sulphur sodium balance by not adding any non-process elements to the chemical recovery system (Tomani 2009).
Furthermore, to lower the ash content, it would seem advantageous if the lignin is precipitated with carbonic acid instead of sulfuric acid, thus avoiding formation of sulfur based compounds such as sulfides and oxides.
Thus, ultrafiltration can be a technically interesting way of obtaining technical lignin as it is or in combination with ways of fractionating lignin based on selective acid precipitation or extraction with organic solvents (Cui et al. 2014; Lourencon et al. 2015; Dodd et al. 2015).
Black liquor lignin is generally soluble in moderately polar solvents, such as ethanol, acetic acid, and methanol, whereas highly polar solvents, such as water, and apolar solvents, such as hexane, are poor solvents for such lignin.
Furfural stands out as a good lignin solvent in spite of its low hydrophilicity; part of furfural's lignin dissolving capacity may be due to the solvent's ring structure.
The novel type of low-molecular weight black liquor lignin from filtration (CleanFlow) and unfractionated black liquor lignin (Lignoboost) were generally soluble in the same solvents. However, the low-molecular weight lignin could be more easily dissolved in good lignin solvents at considerably higher concentrations.
The viscosities of the lignin solutions made from filtered lignins were lower than solutions of unfractionated lignins at the same concentration levels. This was especially the case when high concentrations of lignins were dissolved.
Lower ash contents can be obtained by dewatering the precipitated lignin, followed by several cold acidic washes.
This work performed at the Wallenberg Wood Science Center was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, which is gratefully acknowledged.
Expt 070 (n.d.). "Viscosity of liquids," retrieved May 31, 2015 (http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/smallscale/SS070.html).
Hansen, C. M. (2007). Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, 2nd Ed., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL.
Sjöström, E. (1993). "Wood-based chemicals and pulping by-products," in: Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Application, 2nd Ed., Sjöström, E. (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 225-248.
Tomani, P. (2009). "The Lignoboost process," Cell. Chem. Technol. 44 (1-3), 53-58.
United Nations (1992). "Sustainable developments Agenda 21," United Nations Conference on Environment & Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 3-14.
Article submitted: November 3, 2015; Peer review completed: January 9, 2016; Revised version received and accepted: February 12, 2016; Published: February 22, 2016.


text:
  La Martyre est
       un village
       géographiquement positionné dans le département de Finistère en Bretagne. Elle totalisait 730 habitants en 2008.

La ville offre quelques  équipements sportifs, elle propose entre autres un terrain de sport et une boucle de randonnée.

À coté de La Martyre sont positionnées géographiquement les villes de
La Roche-Maurice à 4 km, 1 851 habitants,
Landerneau située à 6 km, 14 927 habitants,
Lanneuffret située à 6 km, 103 habitants,
Le Tréhou à 6 km, 504 habitants,
Ploudiry située à 1 km, 887 habitants,
Pencran située à 5 km, 1 425 habitants,
 entre autres. De plus, La Martyre est située à seulement 25 km de Brest.

Si vous envisagez de emmenager à La Martyre, vous pourrez facilement trouver une maison à vendre.

À La Martyre, la valorisation moyenne à la vente d'un appartement se situe à zero € du m² en vente. Le prix moyen d'une maison à l'achat se situe à 1 492 € du m². À la location le prix moyen se situe à 6,67 € du m² mensuel.

Le parc d'habitations, à La Martyre, se décomposait en 2011 en treize appartements et 304 maisons soit
 un marché relativement équilibré.

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If you are shopping for a new car, consider waiting until the new model year vehicles are rolled out. You may have more bargaining power as dealerships are looking to move the previous year's inventory to make room for new.
Click here for more from the Home & Family Finance(R) Resource Center.


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Events, Festivals, & Things To Do Across Connecticut
Town Ambassador Program
Ambassador FAQ
The Ancient Burying Ground of Hartford
Ancient Burying Ground
What: Historic Site / Cemetery
Address: 60 Gold St, Hartford, CT 06103
Website: www.theancientburyingground.org
Hours: M-F; 8:30am-4:30pm, Sat-9am-5pm; April-November
Description: The Ancient Burying Ground is the oldest historic site in Hartford, and the only one surviving from the 1600s. From 1640, four years after the arrival of the first English settlers, down until the early 1800s, it was Hartford's only graveyard. During that period anyone who died in town, regardless of age, gender, race, ethnic background, economic status, or religious faith, was interred here. This includes some of Hartford's most prominent citizens, including Thomas Hooker. The oldest gravestone is believed to be that for Timothy Stanley, who died in 1648.
Approximately 6,000 men, women, and children are believed to have been interred in the Ancient Burying Ground, which was originallyconsiderably larger than it is today. Over the centuries commercial buildings, as well as the First Congregational meeting house, were erected on Burying Ground land, whittling it down it to its present size of four acres.
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"Small Treasures" Exhibit At The Maritime Garage Gallery Maritime Garage Gallery 11 North Water Street, Norwalk CT 06854
28oct(oct 28)9:00 am17jan(jan 17)5:00 pm"Small Treasures" Exhibit At The Maritime Garage GalleryMaritime Garage Gallery
Works of art that are small in size, but big on creativity are on exhibit at the Maritime Garage Gallery. "Small Treasures" features works of art that are no larger
Works of art that are small in size, but big on creativity are on exhibit at the Maritime Garage Gallery. "Small Treasures" features works of art that are no larger than 12 by 12 inches. The exhibit runs from July 15 – October 4, 2019.
"Small Treasures" features artwork from 30 local and national artists, including Jennifer Moné Hill of Danbury, Sheri Schwarz, Hamden, Gregory Ziebell of Norwalk, Charles Hall, Windsor Locks, and Theresa Kasun of Shelton.
The Maritime Garage Gallery is part of the Parking Authority's "Art in Parking Places" placemaking initiative, an effort to support art in parking spaces. It is free and open to the public from 9:00am -5:00pm, Monday through Friday. For more information, call 203- 831-9063, or visit www.norwalkpark.org/public-art.
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Maritime Garage Gallery
11 North Water Street, Norwalk CT 06854
Norwalk Parking Authority 11 North Water Street, Norwalk, CT 06854
"Migrating Colors" Exhibit at the Maritime Garage Gallery Maritime Garage Gallery 11 North Water Street, Norwalk CT 06854
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The City of Norwalk Parking Authority's Maritime Garage Gallery's latest exhibit features art that brings a bit of spring to winter, through color. "Migrating Colors" features works inspired by color,
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Santa's Back on Bank Street Post University Downtown 140 Bank Street
07jan(jan 7)12:00 pm22(jan 22)4:00 pmSanta's Back on Bank StreetPost University Brings Santa Back to Bank Street in New Holiday DisplayPost University Downtown
Post University will merge traditions of the past with technologies of the present to create an immersive, interactive holiday display in its Downtown location. Holiday festivities will involve local Waterbury
Post University will merge traditions of the past with technologies of the present to create an immersive, interactive holiday display in its Downtown location. Holiday festivities will involve local Waterbury businesses, including local theatrical nonprofit, Shakespearience, and cookies provided by Sweet Maria's bakeshop, owned by Post University alumna Maria Sanchez. Post Downtown also will serve as a collection location for the Connecticut State Trooper "Stuff a Cruiser" Holiday Toy Drive.
The holiday experience is open to the public from noon to 4 p.m. on the following days:
Saturday, December 7 – Sunday, December 8
Saturday, December 14 – Sunday, December 15
Free parking is available on event days at the Buckingham Garage/Waterbury Transportation Center located at 210 Bank Street.
7 (Tuesday) 12:00 pm - 22 (Wednesday) 4:00 pm
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Fire & Ice 2020 at Saybrook Point Saybrook Point Inn, Marina & Spa 2 Bridge Street
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Join Saybrook Point's annual tradition of celebrating the elements of fire and ice. This exciting indoor/outdoor age 21 event features live music from Java Groove, specialty food and beverages,
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Saybrook Point Inn, Marina and Spa860-395-2000 2 Bridge Street, Old Saybrook, Connecticut 06475
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Opinion Letter - Why and How Much Will it Cost? | Carr McClellan P.C.
Due Organization. Its opinions address the borrowing entity's organization, good standing, power and authority and the power and authority of the signatory, and whether entering into the loan would violate certain agreements or laws. Due organization opinions are the easiest to give and the least expensive. Depending on the size of the loan and number of entities involved, fees for a due organization opinion letter customarily range between $2,000 and $5,000.
Enforceability. Its opinions include everything in a due organization opinion plus cover the validity and binding nature of the loan documents. Enforceability opinions are more complicated, more time-consuming and more expensive. Depending on the size of the loan and the level of negotiation between borrower's and lender's counsel regarding limitations, qualifications and assumptions, fees for an enforceability opinion letter customarily range between $3,000 and $8,000.
Bankruptcy-Remote. This type of opinion is generally only required in larger conduit loans where bankruptcy-remote provisions are required in the borrowing entity's formation documents, such as formation in Delaware, springing members and independent directors. Its opinions cover the enforceability and effectiveness of these bankruptcy-remote provisions. Unless borrower's counsel is licensed to practice in Delaware, this opinion may require a separate opinion letter from a Delaware attorney. Fees for a bankruptcy-remote opinion generally range around $5,000.
Non-consolidation. This type of opinion is generally only required with large conduit loans, usually more than $24,000,000. It is basically an opinion that if any equity owner with more than a 49% equity ownership were to become insolvent, the assets and liabilities of the owned entity would not be substantively consolidated with those of the equity owners. This opinion may be required as to multiple entities in multiple levels of entity ownership. A non-consolidation opinion is fact-intensive and usually very complicated and time-consuming. Fees for a non-consolidation opinion vary greatly (such as $5,000 to $35,000) depending upon the size of the loan, number of involved entities and layers of ownership.
Bottom line, at the loan application stage, it is beneficial to attempt to reduce or eliminate required opinions. Line up legal counsel early, ask for a fee estimate so as not to be surprised and push legal counsel to issue a draft opinion letter to lender's counsel several weeks before the scheduled closing date to give sufficient time for review and negotiation.


One of the unique benefits of holding the APS April Meeting in Anaheim, California, is that the city is just down the road from LA. A tertiary, confidential, semi-reliant "informant" specifically told me that he/she estimated that the likes of Tom Cruise, Samuel L. Jackson and Madonna had all expressed a grand desire to attend the conference, but unfortunately their schedules did not permit them to do so. However, despite their absences, the close proximity to Tinsletown did provide the impetus for a very clever set of sessions about the physics of Hollywood and an appearance by a few other celebrities.
"The Big Bang Theory" centers around the lives of physicists. Prady, who has a background in computer science, described how he based some of his characters on people he knew, who recognized and celebrated their own "sense of odd". But he didn't make the characters into computer scientists because they would always be looking down at their computers and "that's bad TV," he said. He wanted people writing on blackboards, but he also wanted scientific accuracy, unlike other shows such as "Star Trek: The Next Generation" or "Futurama", where entertainment in many ways trumps science. Whether his characters are bantering about physics, reading physics books, or standing in front of a poster from a physics conference, there is a sense of reality in what they are doing.
Prady stated that when he watched the show "Friends", he disliked the fact that the character of Ross, a paleontologist, only spoke about his science at a 7th grade level. He aspired for something better for his show, he said, so he hired Dr. David Saltzberg, a physics professor at UCLA to serve as science consultant. Prady described how the show incorporates science in three ways: 1) He will leave sections of the script for dialogue about certain areas of physics, which is filled in by Saltzberg; 2) He and his writers come up with a scenario, for example, the characters travel to a cabin in a cold environment, and consult with Saltzberg about what the scientific reason would be for their adventure; 3) He and his writers think of something in physics or related to it and consult with Saltzberg to find out if they are correct.
Prady and Miller are mainly writers, so it was also a treat to hear from de Lancie, who as an actor, has a unique perspective in weaving science into a narrative on TV. de Lancie, who revealed that he didn't learn to read until he was 14 due to dyslexia, became entranced with science fiction when he read his first book, Jules Verne's The Mysterious Island. He explained how as Q, he sought to embody the elements of science fiction and engage the audience with a bit of mischief, even when viewers didn't know the full extent of his actions. For example, he described how in one scene with Captain Picard he put his hands in a puddle of goo and allowed it to drip down below the camera's viewpoint. What the viewers didn't know was that he was dripping the viscous liquid onto the head of a crew member.


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Raoul Bova
Monthly Forecast for January 2021
Tuesday Forecast
January Forecast
Today's Biorhythm Chart
Life Path #22
Birthday #5
Destiny #8
Soul Urge #1
Personality #3
Maturity #3
Balance #2
Lucky Number 9
Birth Data
Raoul Bova is an Italian actor, the winner of the Italian swimming championship of the 100 meters backstroke at age 16, and Goodwill Ambassador of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) since 2010.
He was born on Saturday August 14th 1971, in Rome, Italy.
For Raoul Bova, January 2021 is a 1 Personal Month in a 9 Personal Year. It is a month of new beginnings, new people, and renewed energy, and it brings Rollo progress as well as some turmoil. This is also a time that requires independence and self-confidence. Bova must not let the cautious words of others slow him down.
His career offers opportunities that should be taken advantage of, but Bova may also be wondering if he wants to continue on the path he has chosen. A change of course may be taking shape. Raoul Bova may want to focus more on the ideas he had at the beginning of his professional life. Even if he does not have a career, a return to the idealistic views he had at an earlier time cannot be avoided now. While most of 2021 feels like the end of a long day of hard work, with low energy and a desire to put his feet up, January feels like Rollo just had cup of coffee. He is ready to get started, to roll up his sleeves and tackle whatever project is in front of him. This is a time to aggressively pursue the plans he has made in the past. It is a time to act, not to dream or question. Bova should take a chance and show courage.
A similar desire for purity and idealism influences Rollo's relationships with friends and relatives. He finds himself confronting some of the people close to him. Bova may decide that some of his relationships are no longer desirable, yet - some deep rooted friendships are renewed. Raoul Bova may also meet someone he has not heard from in some time and this person will play a role in his plans for the future.
Raoul Bova experiences emotional ups and downs, caused by a need for confirmation of his love on one hand, and a tendency to be critical and judgmental on the other. He is aggressive and emotional at times. This combination may shake the foundations of many of his relationships. Undoubtedly, some of these foundations may crack, but others will prove to be strong and remain undamaged.
Romance is favored, particularly if Rollo is single. He may meet someone who becomes a permanent fixture in his life.
Financially, January 2021 is a time to be extremely careful. There is some danger connected to financial wheeling and dealings, and Rollo has to be very careful who he trusts with his money.
Let's see now what Tuesday, January 19th 2021 has in-stored for Rollo.
You and Rollo
Your Date of Birth:
month January Febuary March April May June July August September October November December
1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 year 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
About Rollo's Personal Month Cycle
Just as Raoul Bova evolves through a nine-year cycle, he also experiences nine-month cycles, even though their impact is subtle compared to the Personal Year cycle. The Personal Month cycles proceed according to the same pattern - 1 through 9 - that the Personal Year cycle does. The numbers within the monthly cycles have a similar, though less pronounced, impact on Rollo than the yearly cycle has.
Read more about our numerological monthly forecast for Raoul Bova . . .
Other celebrities monthly cycle number 1 as Raoul Bova
Carla Gugino (1971)
An American actress, best known for her roles as Ingrid Cortez in the Spy Kids film trilogy, Sally Jupiter in Watchmen (2009), Dr. Vera Gorski in Sucker Punch (2011), and as the lead characters of the television series Karen Sisco and Threshold
Justin Theroux (1971)
An American actor, director, and screenwriter, best known for his appearance in David Lynch films Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire, and for his screenwriting for Tropic Thunder, Iron Man 2, and Rock of Ages
Jeff Gordon (1971)
An American former professional stock car racing driver, who was named by NASCAR to its 50 Greatest Drivers list, was ranked 10th by ESPN's Terry Blount in the 25 Greatest Drivers of All-Time, was named the fifth best NASCAR driver of all time by Foxsports, drove the No. 24 Chevrolet for Hendrick Motorsports in 23 full-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series seasons, served as a substitute driver for Dale Earnhardt Jr. in the No. 88 Hendrick Motorsports Chevrolet, and is currently an announcer for Fox NASCAR, and a top executive for Hendrick Motorsports
Chris Tucker (1971)
An American actor and stand-up comedian, best known for playing Smokey in the film Friday and Detective James Carter in the Rush Hour film series, on top of being a frequent stand up performer on Def Comedy Jam in the 1990s
Richard Armitage (1971)
An English film, television, theatre and voice actor, best known for his roles as John Thornton in the British television programme North & South, and dwarf prince and leader Thorin Oakenshield in The Hobbit film trilogy
Thalía (1971)
A Mexican singer, songwriter, published author, actress, and entrepreneur who sings in Spanish, English, Filipino, French and Portuguese, and is recognized as the most successful and influential female Mexican singer worldwide
Rebecca Gayheart (1971)
An American fashion model and television and film actress, who was the model and spokesperson for Noxzema in the early 1990s, and has had a recurring role on the television series Wasteland, Dead Like Me, Vanished, and Nip/Tuck
Rhonda Ross Kendrick (1971)
Michael Ian Black (1971)
An Actor and Comedian
Alice Evans (1971)
An American-born British actress that speaks fluent French and Italian, writes bi-monthly column in the Glamour magazine UK about life as a British actress in Hollywood, and is known for her role as Esther Mikaelson in The Vampire Diaries
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Raoul Bova Numerology -- Monthly Forecast for January 2021 | © Copyright 2009-2021 Celebrities Galore and Master Numerologist Hans Decoz
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  assert
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describe('CacheFactory#exists', function () {
  it('should return whether the cache exists', function () {
    assert.strictEqual(this.cacheFactory.exists(this.testId), false)
    this.cacheFactory.createCache(this.testId)
    assert.strictEqual(this.cacheFactory.exists(this.testId), true)
    this.cacheFactory.destroy(this.testId)
    assert.strictEqual(this.cacheFactory.exists(this.testId), false)
  })
})


Boeing: prosecution of a family of victims, condemnation of the WTO | Podhurst Orseck, P.A.
One's family Ethiopian Airlines crash victim keep it going Boeing in Chicago, accusing him of having put on the market a 737 MAX to the defective control system. The World Trade Organization (WTO), for its part, ruled in favor of the European Union in the matter of subsidies, a "great victory" for Airbus.
The family of UN employee Jackson Musoni, killed in the crash of the flight ET302Ethiopian Airlines (which led to the death of 157 people on board almost three weeks ago), filed a complaint on March 28, 2019 at the Federal Court of Chicago – where thirty rows of victims of the Lion Air crash in Indonesia have already been examined last October. Not surprisingly, the complainants question the Boeing 737 MAXinvolved in both incidents: the complaint states that the March 10 incident occurred due to " among other things, because Boeing has designed a new flight control system for the Boeing 737 Max 8, which automatically and wrongly pushes the nose of the aircraft "According to their lawyer Steve Marks, the builder knowing all the reportsreporting on dangerous conditions and the previous accident that caused the death of over 150 people, should have taken measures to protect the traveling public ". This incident" it happened when it should never have arrived He added. This complaint would have been the first one presented in the United States after the collapse of Ethiopian Airlines according to the US press; Boeing did not comment.
The lawsuit was filed the day after the US manufacturer submitted its update MCAS system which will be proposed to DO, in order to stop the immobilization of the 371 MAX 8 and MAX 9 already in service worldwide – and to resume deliveries. the pilot training it will also be modified, although it will not yet require passage through the flight simulator – a weighty economic argument in favor of the 737 MAX for airlines wishing to replace their 737 NG, and which could be tried by the Airbus A320neo family.
Boeing suffered another shutdown Thursday, coming this time from World Trade Organization (WTO): The organ of appeal of the WTO confirmed that the United States " he did not retire subsidies granted to Boeing by federal, state and local authorities in the United States and have not remedied the damage caused by these subsidies to Airbus ". The organ of appeal has rejected each of the arguments put forward by the United States and has taken into consideration all the legal points of the European Union, according to the declaration of this last eAirbus. In addition, the highest court of the WTO has also qualified a number of other federal and state programs in the United States " of illegal subsidiesand even prohibited subsidies, as in the case of the FSC (Foreign Sales Corporation) "Which represents" a great victory for the EU ". This report calls on the United States and Boeing to take other measures"For compliance; in the absence of any reaction on their part, the European Union may request the adoption of countermeasures against imports of US products.
" For the EU and Airbus, this is a clear victory that confirms our position that Boeing, while identifying Airbus, has not taken any action to comply with its obligations. WTO, unlike Airbus and the EU. In light of this harmful relationship, Boeing can no longer continue to deny that it is receiving huge illegal subsidies from the US government. In other words, in the absence of an agreement, the United States will be required to to pay – perpetually – several billions the application of annual sanctions for each Boeing program in operation, while in the worst case the EU would do so only minor problems Says John Harrison, General Counsel of Airbus. " We hope these conclusions will encourage the United States and Boeing to make constructive progress in resolving this longstanding dispute and join us in working for a fair trade environment. In the absence of a constructive approach, the EU will now have very strong legal arguments for moving towards countermeasures He added.
Boeing stated that the WTO had rejected " any accusation of illegal subsidies to Boeing with the sole exception of one measure: the trade tax and the occupation of Washington ". Seen from the other side of the Atlantic, the decision is limited: with the exception of the relatively limited fiscal program of this state (one hundred million dollars), the decision of the WTO would not allow the decision. EU to demand damages from an arbitrator The level of retaliation that Europe would be able to impose on US goods and services is based on the damage done to Airbus rather than on the amount of aid granted to its American rival; both the parties will continue to fight the amounts involved.


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Television Cameramen Focus On BVE 2011
The Guild of Television Cameramen (GTC) returns to Broadcast Video Expo at Earls Court, London, 15-17 February.
Exhibiting on Stand I-66, the GTC will be represented by Exhibitions Manager, Dudley Darby, and other GTC members.
GTC members operate cameras professionally in all areas of broadcasting.
As well as organising an extensive schedule of workshops and seminars, which are free to members, the GTC publishes a highly regarded magazine filled with items of practical interest to cameramen and an informative and topical regular newsletter for members.
A GTC members' email forum enables cameramen from all around the world exchange ideas, advice, experience and information. The GTC maintains direct contact with leading camera manufacturers and broadcasting organisations. It also provides an online 'search for a cameraman' facility featuring members' CVs.
Upcoming events include a GTC Workshop, 'Keeping Ahead of the Game', which will be held at Aerial Camera Systems in Godalming, Surrey, on Tuesday 11 January.
This will include demonstrations of the company's innovative SMARTheads, rail and vehicle-mounted Cineflex and Gyron stabilised heads, and vertical tracking kit.
Numbers will be limited but it is hoped to provide the GTC's first webcast from a workshop for the benefit of members at large. This workshop is only open to GTC members with a practical knowledge of outside broadcast and studio work. Attendees will be selected by ACS.
Formed in 1972, the Guild of Television Cameramen has over 1,000 members in countries as far afield as Australia, Russia, Singapore, South Africa and the USA. The majority work in aspects of television ranging from corporate video production through news and current-affairs, sports and light entertainment, to documentary and drama.
The GTC is a non-profit-making organisation run by a council of volunteer television professionals. It is financed by subscription from its members as well as sponsorship from equipment manufacturers and suppliers. As a result, the GTC offers a channel for manufacturers to consult with working cameramen when designing new equipment. The GTC is an authoritative source of advice and information on all matters concerning television content production. Its aim is to preserve the professional status of television cameramen and to advance standards and expertise within the profession.
Membership is open to anyone employed as a television camera operator or in any associated occupation. See: www.gtc.org.uk
(BMcC/GK)
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Timeline Television To Showcase IP 4K HDR OB Truck At IBC2017
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Royal Television Society Reveals Line-Up For Cambridge Convention 2017
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The City of Richmond has an ambitious vision to improve online services for its customers through a multi-year digital strategy. Over the past several years, the City has upgraded and replaced several business systems on a unit-by-unit basis, each time choosing the best available solution. However, this resulted in City customers having to create and remember logins for multiple websites in order to access the full range of online City services. After undertaking significant "under the hood" work to establish an identity management system with single sign-on (SSO) capabilities, the next stage of the Strategy was to launch one consolidated place for customers to access all of their information and online services.
The City of Richmond selected Radical I/O to partner with them on this exciting Smart City project, which included numerous data integrations and designing and implementing the centrepiece of the Strategy: a customer-facing web portal.
We first needed to understand the City's vision for the solution and their goals for this first year of the project. During the Discovery Phase, we examined their existing systems, explored best practices in online city services, and undertook a series of meetings with City stakeholders to understand their (and their customer's) needs.
By the end of Discovery, we had outlined a technical solution and architecture in keeping with the City's current infrastructure for the customer-facing web portal, using modern client-side web technology combined with two layers of APIs. We recommended the best technologies for the project with future-proofing and return on investment in mind.
In parallel, we worked closely with the City to undertake a detailed research and ideation process that explored key user groups, developed user personas, and mapped user journeys to inform recommendations on the user experience of the portal. The design team produced a set of initial designs, primarily as wireframes but also with some branded UI inspirations, that: incorporated a wide range of City services; identified opportunities to personalize the information being displayed to users; and suggested what the future of municipal online services could look like. The team then went through a number of rounds of prioritization to reach an achievable scope for the current project timeframe.
The outcome was MyRichmond, a suite of online services presented under a single City of Richmond login account with a clean and intuitive user interface.
MyRichmond focuses on the customer (particularly residents and local business owners) and provides information and services in a user-centric way that makes more information than ever before easily accessible.
MyRichmond brings together important property-related information including property tax, utilities, dog licensing, and garbage and recycling collection schedules into one My Home section.
MyRichmond promotes two-way communication between the City and its residents by incorporating features to raise issues, report problems, and ask questions in the My Voice section.
The My Community section provides a highly intuitive search/filter interface for users to find local recreation programming and events, as well as manage their own registered recreation activities. Users can add and update their contact information in the My Profile section.
MyRichmond also introduces the foundation of a notification publishing service, which currently provides in-app notifications to users based on their preferences - receiving notifications about property tax notices and deadlines, utility payment due dates, dog license renewals and City announcements.
Prioritize information that can be personalized and is uniquely relevant to each user (customer).
Maintain a flexible yet consistent design for the various different types and sources of information MyRichmond will incorporate now and in the future.
Make it easy for a user to immediately understand and be able to intuitively use MyRichmond, by presenting key data in clear and meaningful ways via icons, charts and tables.
Ensure that MyRichmond is as future-proof and scalable as possible, by designing an information architecture as a self-contained 'modules' containing groups of related features.
Performant, secure, and extensible data APIs that exposes functionality and data from the City's departmental applications.
A system of enterprise software integrations to interact with departmental applications and existing City services.
Reduced the need for queries to departmental applications as much as possible while ensuring current data is shown to customers at all times.
Built out a continuous integration (software build automation) pipeline, along with a containerized deployment system to make deployments less painful, and worked to match the specifics of City infrastructure.
Prepared for mobile app integration of data services and notifications via our common API approach and via the publish-subscribe architecture in notifications.
Introduced a high-performance search infrastructure that makes it easier for citizens to find local activities and events.
Provided two separate administrative tools for use by City staff to manage MyRichmond: an App Settings behind-the-scenes tool for managing the information displayed in MyRichmond; and a Notifications Admin tool for managing notifications.
We are delighted with the MyRichmond personalized web portal, which will provide online digital services for City of Richmond customers for years to come, whenever and wherever they wish. Radical I/O was a great partner to work with in creating the vision of MyRichmond and brought their considerable strength in exploring and implementing innovative new solutions to create a strong, performant, and engaging solution for the City. We appreciate the effort and care that Radical took to understand our needs and our existing infrastructure, systems, and deployment requirements. The team showed great creativity and technical expertise, and were enjoyable to work with. We look forward to working together again soon!
A modular approach to architecture and design for the addition of new features in future.
A personalized platform, driven by flexible APIs, that focuses on users as individuals.
The beginning of a significant culture shift within the City towards a customer-centric perspective.
A solution that fits into and has helped to evolve the City's eco-system towards ambitious and exciting Smart City goals.
The City of Richmond recently received a Smart 50 Award in the Governance category for its initial development of MyRichmond, recognizing smart cities projects.
Richmond is a culturally diverse and dynamic urban community centrally located on BC's West Coast, in Metro Vancouver. The City of Richmond aspires to be the most appealing, liveable, and well-managed community in Canada.


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Russia calls 'spy' case provocation, but Boston fallout could be factor
American arrested for trying to recruit spies in Russia
(CNN) -- Moscow claims an American diplomat tried to recruit a spy for the United States, calling it a "Cold War" provocation. But the timing may indicate the allegation could be linked to fallout over Russian information-sharing about a Boston Marathon bombing suspect.
Russia said Tuesday that Ryan Christopher Fogle, a political officer at the U.S. Embassy, was caught trying to recruit a Russian intelligence officer.
He was shown in videos and still photos released by the Russian security service, FSB, that got wide play in Russian media and brimmed with the stuff of spy novels.
In one video, Fogle is shown face down on the street and then is hustled into a car and driven away.
Fogle then enters a room and passes a table displaying his "spy arsenal" -- wigs, recording devices, what appears to be a stack of Euros, a knife, and plastic bags with documents.
The Russian Foreign Ministry warned that the incident not only exposed "a foreign agent who was caught red-handed" but also raised "serious questions" for the United States.
"While the presidents of our countries reaffirmed their readiness to expand bilateral cooperation, including the cooperation of intelligence agencies in fighting international terrorism, such provocative actions in the spirit of the 'Cold War' do not contribute to building mutual trust," the ministry said.
It summoned U.S. Ambassador Michael McFaul but the embassy made no public comment.
The CIA also refused to comment.
State Department spokesman Patrick Ventrell was tight-lipped.
"We can confirm that an officer at the U.S. embassy in Moscow was briefly detained, and was released," he said.
Fogle's case comes at a delicate time as Russian and U.S. intelligence services have been cooperating in the investigation of the April 15 marathon bombing that killed three people and injured more than 260 others.
Moscow provided the first intelligence information to the United States about one of the suspects, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, before he visited Russia last year. But recently, Russian authorities have been criticized for not telling the United States all it knew.
Now, the FSB could be retaliating for that criticism.
In the YouTube video released by RT television, an FSB official says the officer Fogle allegedly sought to recruit was "involved in fighting terrorism in the Northern Caucasus" which is the part of Russia where Moscow claims Tamerlan Tsarnaev -- who died days after the attack -- met with Islamic extremists.
Also in the YouTube video, the FSB officer angrily tells Fogle: "At first we didn't believe that this could happen. Because you know perfectly well that recently, the FSB is actively helping in the investigation of the bombing in Boston, and on other information that presents a threat to the security of the United States of America."
Raising his voice and gesturing, the officer recalls the recent visit of FBI Director Robert Mueller to Moscow and conversations between Presidents Vladimir Putin and Barack Obama, who he notes have tried to improve cooperation between the United States and Russia.
"We think, under today's conditions, when our countries are reaching a new level of relations, when the presidents of these two countries are trying to improve the climate of mutual understanding between the two governments, this citizen -- in the name of the U.S. government -- commits the most serious crime here in Moscow," he says.


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Dr. Abu Zafor
Dr. Md Abu Zafor's Website (Professor- Department of English, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh)
Translation Related Materials
Fruitless Love
I have given you much
You gave me little
But I was in need of that little
Corporate interest of give-and-take!
Once I risked my life for you
Taking you on my back I flew up
Like a spider man.
My flight was the peak of Everest.
You didn't like that flight
That spell of an Iblis possessed you
Jealous of my strength!
–And then came the advantage of coronavirus.
Their wish was fulfilled
Separating me from you
The death of a relationship!
Day in day out
You will continue disturbing
Blaze my heart with love and hatred
But I am not revengeful
Will not throw acid on your face
In solitude, like Sisyphus
I will roll the stone up
Only to fall down and try again
Days, months, Years, centuries and millennia.
How to write an MA dissertation / Thesis
How to write an MA dissertation / Thesis What is an MA dissertation / Thesis? Writing a thesis or dissertation is a part of a university degree. In some Universities/Institutes writing a dissertation is the precondition of gaining an MA degree. Some Universities offer thesis/dissertation only to the brighter students and as optional. For writing an MA thesis/dissertation students usually choose an area/topic where there is already some research work. It is the credit of the students to add to their individual thoughts to the available knowledge/study that they explore. In fact, the objective of this dissertation course is to engage the students in activities that need intellectual inquiry, sharp argumentation and scholarship. The students must follow a systematic way and guidelines to complete their writings within a time framework. For completing an MA dissertation students usually get 4 to 6 months time. An MA dissertation is obviously a research work....... To Read and
Tagore's Poetry in English Translation By Dr. Md. Abu Zafor
Tagore's Poetry in English Translation By Dr. Md. Abu Zafor photo source: http://myblogs.informa.com/ Rabindranath Tagore's poems began to appear in English translation in the first decade of the twentieth century. Tagore's self-translated Nobel winning Gitanjali: Song Offerings, which contains prose translations of a collection of 103 poems translated from his nine different Bengali works, was first published in 1912. Before 1912 the only published work that included some translations of Tagore's poems is Echoes from East and West.1That Tagore himself played a significant role in translating his poems is well-known. For more than a decade he almost single-handedly translated his poems. Translations by other translators began to appear in print from 1922. The colonial phase of the 20th century (till 1947) produced at least twelve translated works from his Bengali poems, out of which six were by Tagore himself. Between 1948 and 2011 more. To Read Full Article From asiaticsociet
Book written by Dr. Md. Abu Zafor
Twentieth Century Bengali Poetry in English Translation In this globalized world translation is a vehicle to reach the audiences across borders. It is known to us all that Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize for his translated work Gitanjali: Song Offerings in 1913. Many of us, however, don't know that Tagore translated many more of his poems and published them from London. Many have little idea about the stock of the translated Bangla poetry. The book Twentieth Century Bengali Poetry in English Translation published from Dhaka by Asiatic Society of Bangladesh gives a comprehensive idea about the total stock of the twentieth century Bengali poetry in English translation. The introduction of this book focuses on various aspects of these translations such as the availability of translations, the publishers, popularity of translations, the translators, quality of translations etc. The book can be used as a reference work and is expected to e
//Dreams Unfulfilled Forever// That is not impo...
I am KhukiWhat are you doing professor?W...
Juggernaut Something dearest was in my heartI lef...
Fruitless Love Ihave given you muchYougave me li...
I am fond of reading and writing apart from my regular teaching job in the university. Creative writing, researching on translation theory and practice, translating practically from Bangla into English and vice verse occupy my time a lot.


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Community Palmers Green Shops Uncategorized
The thatched cottage that went for a Burton
1 Comment on The thatched cottage that went for a Burton
The Thatched Cottage in 1903, image by kind permission of Enfield Local Studies and Archive
It may seem hard to imagine it now, but once upon a time Palmers Green was famed for a quaint rural attraction. Until 1938, the site of Palmers Green's excellent hardware store Westlakes was occupied by "Ye Old Thatched Cottage", a local landmark.
Alan Dumayne in his book Once Upon a Time in Palmers Green says that in years gone by the mere mention of the Cottage would bring a faraway look of sweet remembrance into old Palmers Greeners' eyes. The cottage had been built in the late 18th Century by the Governor of the Bank of England Thomas Lewis as a lodge to the big house, The Lodge, which once stood on the east side of Green Lanes.
The Cottage lost its rustic gardens to the widening of Green Lanes in 1906 and had begun to look a little sorry for itself by 1911 when it was rescued by one Percy Whellock, who had it as a garden shop and nursery (there were two acres of ground behind). The cottage was a well-known attraction, with colourful and abundant bedding plants in front setting off its attractive rural thatch. It was demolished to make way for a branch of Burton's gentleman's tailors in 1938.
Well established and possibly at their zenith when they came to Palmers Green just before the Second World War, Burtons were founded in Chesterfield in 1903 by 18 year old Montague Burton (then known as Meshe David Oskinsky – legend has it that he chose his new name having spent several hours on Burton on Trent Railway station).
Burton's aimed to be an ethical employer by the standards of the time, giving generously to support the arts and even playing a role in the founding of the United Nations. One of Montague Burton's mottos was 'Good clothes develop a man's self-respect' and a full, smart but affordable three piece suit became known colloquially as the Full Monty.
Burton's foundation stone. Image (c) S Beard
It was a Burton's tradition that the foundation stone for each new store should be laid by a member of the family, and Palmers Green's stone, laid by Montague's son Arnold James Burton, can still be seen. Far from being an elder statesman, Arnold was just 21 when he wielded the ceremonial trowel in Green Lanes.
If you ask nicely, Westlakes' staff will proudly show you a picture of the Thatched House and remains of the original fittings from the 1930s store, including a fine parquet floor. They will also cut your keys, supply you with a new phone, and give you DIY advice and the tools to transform your home, and do it all with a friendly smile. You don't get that at Homebase.
For more information about Montague Burton, see http://www.movinghere.org.uk/galleries/histories/jewish/working_lives/montague_burton1.htm#
← Walk round the area in one weekend → More 'silents' around the corner
One reply on "The thatched cottage that went for a Burton"
Jane Jones (nee Whellock)says:
Lovely to see that my great grandfather Percy Whellock is still remembered in Palmers Green. My Father (also Percy Whellock) can remember being taken to see the old cottage being demolished when he was a young boy. With the outbreak of war he was evacuated to the country and the family settled in Somerset.


Should You Accept Cryptocurrency In Your Small Business?
Electronic cash, also known as eCash, is becoming a common term among consumers and businesses as more digital payment systems emerge and illustrates the new emerging era of money and the ways we will all pay for goods and services. Recognizable systems like Apple Pay, PayPal, and Square as well as online invoicing platforms like Due.com are proving that digital transactions work well in terms of convenience and security.
This change could herald the eventual end to paper currency, paper checks, and even plastic debit and credit cards. Even more incredible is that the inclusion of cryptocurrency like Bitcoins and other altcoins in this definition of eCash could mean the end of geographic-specific currency and no further need for exchange rates.
eCash has come a long way since the concept's original application that did not necessarily catch on in the beginning, but that did lay the framework for what we have now in terms of an anonymous, encrypted way of transferring money across a digital network. Now, those original ideas are incorporated in everything from digital currency to smart debit and credit cards that have embedded microchips for identity and security.
The result of all of this technology is a system that seems to offer endless opportunities for new ways to handle transactions around the world and across all types of businesses. eCash has also been seen as a way for smaller businesses and freelancers to increase their payment method offerings in a way that still fits their budget but attracts more customers. With the ability to cut out the middlemen, in the form of banks and financial institutions, more businesses are starting to pay attention to eCash as a way to reduce their transaction fees.
Despite all these advantages, there are still issues to address as the eCash industry and applications begin to evolve and grow. For example, some have identified legal, regulatory, and logistical issues as well as further security issues that need to be solved before eCash is adopted on a massive scale.
Sharing information on these issues as well as the opportunities, including the emergence of new cyrptocurrency debit cards and digital wallets, provides a way for us at Due.com to help you make better business decisions. The potential of adding eCash payment methods and what it means for your ability to differentiate yourself, attract more customers, and even get paid faster for goods and services will be an ongoing debate that will take serious reflection and knowledge in order to make the best decisions for your business.
Our eCash subject category on our blog is growing daily with fresh content about this topics that fall into the eCash area. Some examples include alternative cryptocurrency to the most well-known Bitcoin, including the advantages to each of these emerging cryptocurrencies. To balance the information provided, other articles Due addresses is the current risks such as those now found with mobile cryptocurrency platforms.
Of course, included is the basics about eCash to help educate the public on how this new type of payment format works, including a primer on how to use this currency and its benefits to your business. More detailed research is available about subjects like how to streamline your business finances with e-payments and an overview on the future of the payments industry. We are excited to continue adding to this particular category as we believe the future of payments will move in this direction, and we want to share that progression with you!


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I recently had vinyl siding installed by 2FL Enterprises who was installing cedar siding on a house across the road from my residence. I contacted 2FL and Terry laid out a viable work plan, he gave us suggestions and helped us design the look we wanted for our home. The siding installer's were very professional and their workmanship was excellent. At the end of each day they cleaned up the work area very well. The vinyl siding turned out great and brought out the most in our house. The crew did lots of extras at no additional charge and performed their work in a timely and orderly fashion. All in all working with Terry and his crew was a pleasure. I would do business with 2FL Enterprises again as well as refer them to all.
I had seen the work that 2FL Enterprises has done around town and on their website and decided to contact them for a quote for new windows and siding. I had contacted other contractors for quotes and 2FL Enterprises was definitely the cheapest. They provide lots of samples to review in both siding and windows and it was easy to make my decision. They gave me an estimated start and finish date and met those dates. It took them about a week to completely side my house, shed, and install the new replacement windows. I couldn't be more pleased. They were very professional, easy to work with and did an absolutely excellent job. I have received numerous compliments from my neighbors on my home and often someone will stop by while I am working in the yard and ask who did the siding on my house. I have referred them to my friends and neighbors and would do business with them again.
I was referred by another siding company that did not do vinyl siding to 2FL Enterprises. Terry came out to my house to check the damage within two days of our initial phone conversation. He was professional and courteous in comparing the siding and knowing which way to go to find the proper siding. The siding installer that was sent to do the job was also very prompt and kept me informed about the need to check another supplier for the proper materials to match my siding. I really appreciated this as one of the other siding contractors who gave me a bid wanted to replace the damaged siding with a tan color; told me they no longer made the yellow vinyl siding(!). Another siding contractor took too long to get back to me as 2fl finished the job before they contacted me to offer a bid. It was a very satisfying job all around. I was very pleased with the quality of the work and would refer 2fl to all.Lynda—-Kent Wa.


The recent volatility in oil prices has created "less visibility and more uncertainty" on spending by shale companies in 2019, Schlumberger's CEO Paal Kibsgaard said on an earning call on January 18. Shale drillers are "generally taking a more conservative approach to the start of the year, again delaying the broad based recovery in the E&P spend that we expected only three months ago, "he said.
8. That could translate into lower drilling activity, while E & Ps focus on drawing down the enormous backlog or drilled but uncompleted wells (DUCs). Companies working through DUCs could keep production aloft as well as drilling slows, but output would likely fall relative to 2018, while decelerating further in 2020.
Schlumberger's chief executive also warned that the shale industry could see other problems going forward that could be even more significant. Shale drilling suffers from a precipitous decline in output soon after a well is completed. After an initial burst in output, see a rapid decline in production. This is not news; it has characterized shale drilling for years. Related: Are Energy Hedge Funds Going Extinct?
But this dynamic appears to be a growing problem, one that could soon catch up with the industry. "It is also worth noting that the continued growth in U.S. shale production, an increasing percentage of the new wells are drilled to offset the steep decline from the existing production base, "Kibsgaard customs shareholders and analysts on Schlumberger's earnings call. "The third party analysis shows that in 2018, this number was 54% of total CapEx and is expected to increase to 75% in 2021, clearly demonstrating the unavoidable treadmill effect of shale oil production." Beyond that, well interference is also a mounting problem. Drilling wells too close to one another can produce production, raising costs and leading to less overall output. That becomes a bigger problem over time after companies pick over the best acreage. Additionally, the length of laterals and the use of frac and other proppants have reached the limits of what they can achieve. "We could be facing more moderate growth in U.S. shale production in the coming years than what the most optimistic views have been suggesting, "Kibsgaard warned.
That echoes the problems of shale gas giant EQT. The Wall Street Journal reported earlier this month that even as EQT was breaking new frontiers in terms of the length of the shale, as the company was drilling, the economics proved highly disappointing. Last April, one shale gas EQT drilled exceeded 18,000 feet, and EQT thought it could drill horizontal wells approaching 20,000 feet. "The decision to drill some of the longest horizontal wells into shale rocks turned into a costly mistake costing hundreds of millions of dollars," the Wall Street Journal reported. EQT's CEO said later in the year that its wells were encountering problems when they exceeded 15,000 feet.
Other words, as well as oil and gas drillers boast or their ability to achieve ever-increasing gains by drilling longer laterals, using more sand, packing wells into tighter distances – there are signs that these "efficiency gains" are maxing out. Schlumberger still sees a rebound in drilling over the course of 2019, but in the short run, the fall in oil prices is taking a toll. Baker Hughes reported a massive decline in the active count last week, with 21 oil rigs vanishing from American oil fields along with four natural gas rigs. That puts the U.S. oil rig count at its lowest point in eight months. There is typically a layer between major movements in crude prices and a response in the rig count. But a few months ago from the collapse of oil prices, we are finally starting to see the effects. Last week's decline of 21 rigs is the largest one-week drop in nearly three years. "Clearly the random in the WTI price to $ 42 per barrel at year's end made shale oil producers more cautious," Commerzbank said in a note on Monday.


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Q: Doctrine ODM query return null result in zf2? I make a controller action in which I used doctrine query for getting result but when I view result it show null.how I set the query of Doctrine ODM?
here is my code:
 public function indexAction()
    {
        $dm = $this->getServiceLocator()->get('doctrine.documentmanager.odm_default');
        $calendars = $dm->createQueryBuilder('Calendar\Document\Calendar')->getQuery()->execute();
    }

when I run
<?php var_dump($this->calendars); ?>

in .phtml it retruns null, how I get the query result in .phtml?

A: I think you should return the variable $calendars in a ViewModel in your indexAction. Try this :
public function indexAction()
{
    $dm = $this->getServiceLocator()->get('doctrine.documentmanager.odm_default');
    $calendars = $dm->createQueryBuilder('Calendar\Document\Calendar')->getQuery()->execute();

    $viewModel = new ViewModel(array('calendars'=>$calendars));
    return $viewModel;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Modi's statement was an acknowledgement of the India-Netherlands relationship, which has deepened and expanded at all levels. More than 200 Indian companies have set up their bases in the Netherlands. The Netherlands is also the fifth-largest source of FDI in India.
On May 24, 2018, Rutte, along with 200+ delegates — the largest business delegation from the Netherlands to ever visit India — made his second visit to the country after 2015.
In the last few years, Brexit has also contributed to this deepening relationship. While the UK is focussing on to retain its India-based investments and businesses, the Netherlands is looking at encashing Brexit opportunities and promoting itself as the most suitable geographical location to tap 500 Mn European Union (EU) customers.
After Brexit, London may not remain the top choice for Indian startups looking to do business in the European market. Among other EU countries — Germany, France, the Netherlands, Irelands, Finland and Estonia — the Netherlands, which is one of the most English-friendly European nations with 90% citizens speaking the language, is emerging as an alternate destination.
India and the Netherlands recently signed 50+ MoUs in the fields of agriculture and food processing, water, technology, smart city development, cybersecurity, healthcare, clean energy and finance. The Netherlands also opened a new Dutch Consulate General in Bengaluru, last year.
After the fall of the power-hungry Dutch East India company, which was active in spice trading and ruling parts of India from 1602 to 1799, trade relations between India and the Netherlands started shaping up again after Phillips, a subsidiary of Royal Philips of the Netherlands, launched its Indian subsidiary in 1930. This was followed by the UK-Dutch company Unilever setting up its first Indian subsidiary, Hindustan Vanaspati Manufacturing Company, in 1931.
The trade between the two countries further formalised and increased after India's Independence in 1947. In 1980, the Dutch government identified India as an important economic partner. The liberalisation of India in 1991 further strengthened trade relations between the two countries.
The two-way trade between India and the Netherlands stood at$ 6.9 Bn in 2016-17 with a balance of trade in favour of India of $ 3.17 Bn. While India exports mainly textiles and garments, electric machinery and equipment, agricultural products and processed foods, leather goods, cars and other vehicles, organic chemicals, etc, to the Netherlands, its imports comprise machinery/equipment, medical/optical instruments, chemicals, plastics and metal products.
India and the Netherlands have identified potential collaborations in areas such as water management, infrastructure, logistics, ports, highways, inland water transportation, ICT, biotech, energy, fintech, agriculture, and some other areas.
Of late, the Netherlands has been discussing exploring the possibility of science and technology cooperation between the two governments, the private sector and science institutes (triple helix model) as well.
"With collaborations in the areas of waste, wastewater management, and agriculture, the Netherlands wants to converge on the economic, social and technology points, making an impact to the large segment of India which lives below poverty lines," said Sigrid Kaag, the Dutch minister for foreign trade and development cooperation, during her visit to India last year. She was responding to Inc42's query on the areas of convergence between the two countries.
Agriculture is another important area of collaboration. With a majority of Indian farmers dependent on traditional means of farming, India is struggling to revive its agricultural sector. With declining productivity and subsequent lower farmer incomes, more than 12K farmers have been committing suicide every year in India.
On the other hand, the Netherlands is the second-largest exporter of agricultural products in the world, after the US, and is known for its smart logistics, storage, and packaging technologies that keep food fresh longer. So, trade cooperation in the agricultural space will benefit both the nations.
The most prominent areas of collaboration are ehealth, energy, cybersecurity, and education, Berg informed, adding his government has also signed MoUs with the Karnataka government in the areas of education and government-to-government cooperation. "Bengaluru is a hub for innovative companies and institutions. Hence, our partnership with Karnataka is very important to connect and engage with the ecosystem of innovation. We do see a lot of opportunity in future," he said.
Besides Karnataka, Berg said that the Netherlands has also partnered with Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha. The nature of these partnerships varies from state to state. "For instance, we have a partnership with Gujarat in the areas of logistics and harbour management. With Andhra Pradesh, it's on waste management," he said.
The Netherlands government has also signed an MoU with the Haryana government to support the state in the diversification of the agricultural sector, with a focus on horticultural crops.
In May this year, the two countries officially launched the Indo-Dutch #StartUpLink platform to open up the Indian and Dutch markets for startups from both the countries that are looking to expand to international markets.
The platform has been developed by Indian governent's investment agency Invest India in collaboration with the Netherlands Embassy, which provides startups access to relevant information, networking, pilot opportunities, etc. The Startup India Hub under Invest India and the Netherlands Enterprise Agency under the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Change of that country will act as a single point of contact and the navigators for their respective countries.
Last year, a contract was also signed between INCO Business Group which facilates entrepreneurs by providing a smooth landing in the Netherlands and The Indian Lawyers Network in India. With the help of the Lawyers Network, INCO will help startups in global expansion and market entry in the EU.
A startup collaboration has been established between India and the Netherlands in the form of a Letter of Intent between The Hague and Intellecap, a Bengaluru-based firm that provides innovative business solutions to help build and scale profitable and sustainable enterprises dedicated to social and environmental change.
The Netherlands, through its Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency (NFIA), an operational unit of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, has been organising events such as 'Holland Meets Bengaluru' and other similar events in Mumbai and other cities, showcasing the research and development work happening there and state-of-the-art, readymade infrastructure that Holland can offer to Indian high-tech companies, including startups.
The Netherlands also promotes itself as a natural choice for companies to set up their distribution centres while selling their products in the European market.
"In recent years, India has become one of our top partners. Dutch companies have shown an increased interest in catering to the Indian market. For us, India is a priority country partner at all levels," he added.
Besides, the Netherlands also provides an entrepreneur allowance (the entrepreneurs discount in the Netherlands) and tax discounts to startups who fulfil their criteria.
Is Amsterdam The New London?
Amsterdam has been a popular choice for Indian companies for decades. Major Indian companies/Groups like TCS, Infosys, Mahindra and Tata Steel already have a huge presence there. The city has been celebrating Indian festivals — Holi and Diwali — with great spirit.
Further, according to Expatistan, which calculates cost of living across the world, Amsterdam is 16% cheaper than that of London, offering 28% cheaper transportation than that of London.
With all the startup-related activity between the two countries, will Amsterdam be able to claim the place London has vacated?
The Hague, another popular city in the Netherlands, is also emerging as a important startup destination which many can opt for as an alternative to Amsterdam.
India has the second-largest population in the world with over 1.2 Bn people, which is over 17% of the world population. This makes India one of the biggest markets in the world. At the same time, the country is struggling with a plethora of issues which include waste and wastewater management, air pollution, farmers suicides, and more.
In recent years, India has increased its international collaborations to amplify its efforts to meet these gaps and solve its pressing problems. Startups have been at the centre of most of these international collaborations.
The recent trade war with the US, which has not been extending startup visas to Indians for the last couple of years, has largely gone in favour of the UK and the EU. Even though Germany, France, Finland, Ireland, and Estonia are looking to strengthen their synergies with India, the India-Netherlands relationship seems to have an edge over the others and both the countries look forward to nurturing and growing it further.


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Hyundai Heavy seeks anti-trust approval for its DSME takeover
July 2nd, 2019 Sam Chambers Asia, Shipyards 0 comments
Amid massive Asian shipbuilding consolidation, South Korea's Hyundai Heavy Industries (HHI) has started the lengthy process of getting anti-trust regulators from across the world to approve its takeover of compatriot Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME). HHI has submitted an application to merge with DSME to South Korea's Fair Trade Commission (FTC) as well as with similar bodies across the world including Japan, the European Union and China.
Combined HHI and DSME will control 21% of the global shipbuilding orderbook. The merger has met enormous opposition from workers at the two yards, who have already seen around 30,000 workers laid off in recent years.
Earlier concern that the Chinese might make approval tricky for the merger has eased in recent days with news from Beijing that the country's top two shipbuilding groups – CSIC and CSSC – are seeking to merge themselves, a massive consolidation that will also need approval from anti-trust regulators across the world.
Sam Chambers
Starting out with the Informa Group in 2000 in Hong Kong, Sam Chambers became editor of Maritime Asia magazine as well as East Asia Editor for the world's oldest newspaper, Lloyd's List. In 2005 he pursued a freelance career and wrote for a variety of titles including taking on the role of Asia Editor at Seatrade magazine and China correspondent for Supply Chain Asia. His work has also appeared in The Economist, The New York Times, The Sunday Times and The International Herald Tribune.
Should liners continue to enjoy their block exemption regulation (BER) when it comes up for renewal with the European Commission next April?


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2. Use a string to measure the circumference of your finger, then measure it with a ruler in millimeters.