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US academic: Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk had strong support base at University of Chicago
https://english.radio.cz/us-academic-tomas-garrigue-masaryk-had-strong-support-base-university-chicago-8116762#player=on
Photo: Klára Stejskalová
Czech Immigrants first started settling in Chicago in the 1850s and continued in several waves in the 20th century. Today the city has the biggest number of Czech-Americans living in the US, with localities known as "Prague" and "Pilsen". I recently visited Chicago for the 80th Moravian Day celebrations and took the opportunity to stop by the University of Chicago, where the tradition of Slavic studies is almost as old as the university itself.
William Nickel, Esther Peters, photo: Klára Stejskalová
I spoke to Esther Peters, Associate Director of the Center for East European and Russian Studies at the University of Chicago and William Nickel, Associate Professor, Chair of the Slavic Department at the University of Chicago about the history of Czech-American ties and interest in Slavic studies in the present day.
William Nickell: The history goes back a long way and Esther may know it better than I do. Tomáš G. Masaryk came here at the beginning of the 20th century and gave a series of lectures at the University, where he was invited by Charles Crane, a Chicago businessman who was very interested in Russia and more broadly Eastern Europe. Masaryk then returned to Chicago in 1918. The relationship between Masaryk and the university continued to be important, as the University president was instrumental in introducing Masaryk to Woodrow Wilson.
Esther Peters: That's my understanding as well. As far as I know, at the beginning of the 20th century, the University president helped connect Masaryk and Beneš to the US president and other political leaders here. He tried to create space for Masaryk and others to generate support in the US. So, I think that the University was a place that provided that kind of support both to bigger political leaders like Masaryk and eventually also to students that came to the US to study.
How long is the tradition of Slavic studies here at the University of Chicago?
William Nickell: It was actually the first president of the University, William Rainey Harper, who initiated this tradition by commissioning his son with learning Russian. His son started studying Russian here on campus and continued studying in Paris and Moscow. His name was Samuel Harper, and he became one of the first university teachers of Russian here in the United States. He continued to be a specialist not only in the Russian language but also in what we would now call Russian studies and what at the time came to be known as Soviet studies. He also wrote several books on the Soviet Union. Still, there was not really a department until after the Sputnik years. In the years until then there were a few people who taught Russian and had an interest in the region.
The Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures itself only came about in the 1960s. It was formed relatively quickly because of a newfound interest in what was going on in the Soviet bloc. In the very beginning, there were not only Russian specialists, but there was also a Czech specialist, as well as a Polish and Balkan specialist. So, that relatively long tradition of focusing on Czech studies in our department has continued to this day.
We also have the archive of Czechs and Slovaks abroad, which is housed in the University library special collections. As far as we understand, it is the richest collection of material on the Czech and Slovak diaspora and it is available here for scholars to come and work with. And we are really trying to continue to develop our Czech studies. We have some new connections to the community, and we are trying to build upon those and work with the community to keep Czech studies strong here at the University.
How much interest in Czech studies is there among students?
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk statue, Chicago, photo: Klára Stejskalová
William Nickell: Well, it is never an extremely large group of students, but the students that do appear with an interest in Czech tend to be deeply interested. We just did a program this past spring through the University's Chicago Studies Center, the program is called the Chicago Quarter. In it the students study the city of Chicago, and our theme this spring was East European immigration to Chicago. The case of Czech immigrants to the city is particularly interesting. The earliest immigrants who came in large groups were Irish and German in the mid-19th century. But by the end of the 19th century, because of improved rail transport and cheaper sea fares, people started coming from Southern and Eastern Europe.
The Czechs were a very successful group, as they integrated very well into the community, opened businesses, established themselves and had their own neighborhoods. Most of your listeners are probably at least somewhat aware of this story. Czechs have a tremendous history in Chicago. There is even the famous case of our mayor at the beginning of the 20th century – who I think was the first Czech mayor, and certainly the first Czech mayor of a city the size of Chicago – a very beloved and important person in this city's history.
Esther Peters: George Halas, the original owner of the Bears, the local NFL football team, also has a Czech connection. There are Czech roots in some of the most beloved parts of the city, even if people do not know it.
What is your specialization?
William Nickell: I am a specialist in Russian literature and culture. But I have recently led the Chicago studies program, so I have become interested in the question of immigration. What we did in this program is that we looked at the case of the Slavic and Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe, who were initially seen as competitors in job places and as a threat. Sometimes they there looked down upon by the more established communities of Chicago. And I am interested in the question of how they assimilated, came to be accepted and eventually had great success in becoming part of the fabric of Chicago.
University of Chicago, photo: Klára Stejskalová
I think that is an important lesson for us to think about today when we have a lot of questions about immigration right now and about people coming to us from other parts of the world. All of us came from somewhere else, even the Native Americans at one point. This process of being rejected initially but then gaining acceptance is something that I think repeats itself and we have to recognize that new immigrants can go through that process as well. They have every right to be here, just as the Czechs did.
And your specialization?
Esther Peters: I specialized in Czech literature, predominantly Bohumil Hrabal, who was the main focus of my dissertation. My primary focus is now at the Center of Czech Studies, in administering the grant that keeps the Center going. So, these days that is more of a focus for me than my academic specialization, which I, unfortunately, don't get as much time to focus on.
How did your connection to Czech literature start?
Esther Peters: I like science fiction, so I started reading R.U.R by Karel Čapek, and kind of kept going from there, I just kind of slowly kept reading and studying the language. And I fell in love with the language, the literature, and the culture. Robot is, after all, a Czech word and I was sold after I learned that.
Did you study the Czech language here at the University of Chicago?
Esther Peters: Yes, I studied here both as an undergraduate and as a graduate student. I did my P.H.D here.
Is Bohumil Hrabal still your favorite writer, or do you now prefer someone from the new generation?
Esther Peters: It is hard for me to pick something else than Too Loud a Solitude (Příliš hlučná samota} as my favourite. Favourite is such a hard word with books of any kind, but that is a piece of literature that I often come back to. But I do also come back to Čapek's feuilletons when I am just thinking about the world in general. Čapek had many interesting things to say and I find that he is more relevant as time goes on, not less. Whether it is his interest in new technology, the way that people interact and his way of thinking about civilizations. I go back to Čapek quite frequently, whether it is reading his novels, like Válka s mloky, or his smaller essays as well.
How difficult is it to find Czech literature in the English language here in the USA?
Esther Peters: I started reading in translation, and was then able to move to reading in Czech. You can find things in Czech mostly in libraries like the one we have here at the University of Chicago or going to the Czech Republic and bringing books back. I have certainly done that, and I am able to have a large collection thanks to stuffing my suitcases full of books and the like. It has also been quite a privilege, starting as an undergraduate student and having access to a library like the Regenstein library here, which has quite an extensive collection of literature on many subjects. In particular, it has quite an extensive collection in Czech literature. So, it has the big names that we were talking about, like Čapek and Hrabal. But it also has smaller collections and histories written in Czech by people like Mukařovský and things like that, so you can read not only the literature but also read about the literature by people who were studying it as it was being written. So that is not something that you can get access to in too many places outside the Czech Republic.
How often do you visit the Czech Republic?
Esther Peters: It has been many years since I have been back. I lived in Nymburk right after college, in the early 2000s for several years. I taught English at a small school there and I think that I have been back once or twice since then, but it has been way too long since I have had a chance to go back. Since then I have mostly been teaching or working in Chicago, so I have not had the chance to travel as extensively as I would like.
William Nickell: I can tell a little story that might be of interest to your listeners. The other night I was invited to the Masaryk School, which is a school that teaches the Czech language and culture through Saturday classes to students here in Chicago. It is also a place where the community gathers and there was a book presentation by Renata Fučíková, who was presenting her book Bohemian Stories, with beautiful illustrations of Bohemians in America. It was beautifully done, but I just wanted to say that a large room in the school basement was packed with people standing in the back. It was hot and people came from all over to see this presentation. I just found that very impressive and I think that the Czech community is very strong in Chicago. There is a lot of interest in upholding Czech heritage in Chicago and again, it is just a great example of a community that continues to thrive as a part of Chicago.
Author: Klára Stejskalová
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Saudi Minister of Human Resources Affirms Saudi Arabia's Role in Supporting and strengthening Arab Social, Development Work
Saudi Stock Exchange Main Index Ends Trading Higher at 10821 Points
OIC Assistant Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs Meets with Qatar Fund for Development's Director General
Minister of Human Resources Discusses Areas of Joint Cooperation with Qatari Minister of Labor and Algerian Minister of National Solidarity
CEO of Saudi Fund for Development Receives Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Affairs
CGTN: China highlights role of Asia-Pacific community in addressing global challenges
November 19, 2022 By: Web Desk
BEIJING, Nov. 18, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — With the theme of "Open, Connect, Balance," the 29th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting kicked off on Friday, in Bangkok, which is the first such in-person meeting since 2018. The voice of China is in the limelight as the country's membership of APEC has not only boosted its own development […]
Joint Statement On the Official Visit of His Royal Highness the Crown Prince the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the Kingdom of Thailand
Bangkok, At the invitation of the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Thailand, General Prayut Chan-o-cha, and within the framework of the friendly relations between the two countries, and to promote mutual interests, His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bi…
HRH Saudi Crown Prince sends a cable of thanks to King of Thailand upon his departure from Bangkok
Bangkok, His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has sent a cable of thanks to King Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Vajiraklaochaoyuhua of the Kingdom of Thailand upon…
HRH Saudi Crown Prince sends a cable of thanks to Prime Minister of Thailand upon his departure from Bangkok
Bangkok, His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has sent a cable of thanks to the Prime Minister and Minister of Defense of the Kingdom of Thailand, General Pr…
Saudi Foreign Minister: HRH Crown Prince's tour reflects Saudi Arabia's 2030 vision towards achieving prosperity and development
Bangkok, Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah, Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs, said the participation of HRH Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in the G20 Leaders Summit…
HRH Saudi Crown Prince receives members of Islamic Central Council of Thailand at his residence in Bangkok
Bangkok, HRH Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince, and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia received today, at his residence in the Thai capital, Bangkok, members of the Islamic Central Council of Thailand.The head of the Isl…
GCC General Secretariat Signs MoU with Bangladesh
Manama, The Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) for Arab States, Dr. Naif Falah Mubarak Al-Hajraf, signed in the Kingdom of Bahrain today a joint memorandum of understanding with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Repub…
GCC Secretary General Stresses Importance of Joint Cooperation with EU
Manama, The Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) for Arab States, Dr. Naif Falah Mubarak Al-Hajraf, stressed the importance of advancing the areas of joint cooperation between the GCC and the European Union (EU) in order to serve com…
Wall Street Closing
New York, U.S. stocks rose Friday.Dow Jones industrial average rose 199.37, or 0.6 percent, to 33,745.69.The broader S&P 500 index rose 18.78, or 0.5 percent, to 3,965.34.The technology-heavy Nasdaq composite index was virtually unchanged, rising 1…
Saudi Minister of Human Resources Affirms Saudi Arabia's Role in Supporting and strengthening Arab Social, Development Work January 26, 2023
Saudi Stock Exchange Main Index Ends Trading Higher at 10821 Points January 26, 2023
OIC Assistant Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs Meets with Qatar Fund for Development's Director General January 26, 2023
Minister of Human Resources Discusses Areas of Joint Cooperation with Qatari Minister of Labor and Algerian Minister of National Solidarity January 26, 2023
CEO of Saudi Fund for Development Receives Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Affairs January 26, 2023
OIC Secretary General Receives Chairman of Board of Directors of FOCIC January 26, 2023
KSrelief Distributes 900 Food Baskets in Pakistan January 26, 2023
Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources Delegation Discusses Industrial Cooperation Between KSA and Oman January 26, 2023
"Misk" Launches 4th Edition of "Leaders 2030" Program January 26, 2023
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Google News is sporting a polished new look and new capabilities under the hood. Larger thumbnail photos are only one part of the equation. It's the new "See Realtime Coverage" button that's most indicative of the changes.
Another visual cue to what I consider to be one of the most important changes is the "Google+ Discussion" column on the left. If you're logged into Google, your profile icon appears next to a text field that allows you to post the article and your thoughts directly to Google+. In addition, the G+ comments on the piece seem to be displayed beneath that form field.
Many news stories inspire vibrant discussions on Google+, and today we're starting to add this content to both the News homepage, and the realtime coverage pages. This way you can see what your circles, journalists covering the story and notables like politicians or others who are the subjects of stories have to say about breaking news, and even contribute to the discussion directly from Google News.
A much tighter integration of news and social has arrived. Those of you who have not seen it yet should catch up with us over the next week as the guys at Google roll it out. In the meantime, it will be interesting to see how this tight integration flies with users.
It is easy to envision the creation of virtual "rabbit holes" as social signals gain weight, users descending deeper and deeper in echo chambers of self-reinforcing data rather than being exposed to the entirety of what the Web has to offer. This is where the Realtime aspect becomes important. Since it is based on publication time and date rather than other factors, it guarantees a wide range of data and views. Incidentally, I would have loved to have seen Realtime in action when Forbes managed to prank Google into giving a joke headline status.
Despite the many people who continually write about Google+ being dead or dying (an opinion I personally disagree with), it continues to grow. As I predicted a few months ago, it is slowly integrating with everything else Google has, making its ubiquity more assured each day.
Have you seen it yet? If so, what do you think? Is it an improvement, a distraction, or something else entirely? For myself, I think it's too bad they can do this and yet I still cannot access my Google pages on the Google iPhone app.
Image by adamjonfuller (Adam Fuller), used under its Creative Commons license.


International children's charity UNICEF has announced that it will formally support a total of six new blockchain startups through the UNICEF Innovation Fund. As part of the programme, the firms will each receive a share of $100,000 in funding.
Most of the blockchain startups selected for membership in the fund are from a different developing nation. The ideas incubated in them will hopefully go on to increase efficiency and transparency in a variety of industries across the globe in those countries that need it most.
The children's charity division of the United Nations, UNICEF, clearly sees great promise for blockchain technology to overhaul whole industries, particularly those traditionally rife with fraud and corruption. Its Innovation Fund has already targeted firms specialising in other emerging technological sectors such as data scince, machine learning, virtual reality, and drone technology. The six startups from the blockchain industry will join another 20 fledgling companies from these disparate fields in receipt of funding.
The six companies named in a report by RTT News are: Argentinian enterprise-grade funding platform Atix Labs; Mexico's Onesmart, which hopes to reduce corruption in emerging markets; medical records management platform Prescrypto (also based in Mexico); the Indian vaccination supply chain system provider Statwig; Utopixar from Tunisia, which is exploring blockchain's application in community governance; and the W3 Engineers in Bangladesh. This final startup seeks to provide connectivity between economic migrants and refugees without the use of either internet and cellular phone technology.
Along with funding, the startups in the UNICEF Innovation Fund will also receive assistance with developing the projects themselves, along with guidance on growing the businesses.
Over the last year or so, UNICEF has been keen to explore how blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies can benefit charitable causes. NewsBTC has previously reported on the children's charity's effort to inspire video gamers to use their surplus hardware to mine digital assets to donate to charity.
Game Chaingers was launched at the start of this year and is raising money for those in need in war torn Syria. The system makes it as easy as possible for gamers to turn their unused processing power into donations to the charity.
A similar tactic was repeated by the charity later this year too. This time, UNICEF Australia launched an initiative called The Hopepage. This simple website allows visitors to donate as much of their own spare processing power as they like to mining the privacy-focused cryptocurrency Monero. The decision was made to mine Monero since it can still be profitably mined using the graphics processing units found in many normal computers today.
UNICEF Adds Six Blockchain Startups From Developing Nations to its Innovation Fund was last modified: December 11th, 2018 by Rick D.


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Sir Alex Ferguson: In Others' Words
Manchester United, 1986-2013
The retired Sir Alex Ferguson is viewed by many as the greatest manager of all time. He is most widely revered as the coach who led Manchester United to the 13 league titles that helped them surpass Liverpool as the most successful team in English football history, but others will remember him differently. Supporters of Aberdeen will always cherish the manager who overcame the odds to lead them to victory over Real Madrid in the final of the 1983 Cup Winners' Cup.
It is little surprise that so many – players, coaches, managers and more distant observers – speak so passionately about not just his remarkable success, but also his influence. Many of those who have worked under or alongside Ferguson, or indeed faced him from the opposition's dugout, have given exclusive interviews to The Coaches' Voice, so we have collated their fascinating insights into Ferguson the coach and Ferguson the character – starting with a member of the famed Class of '92.
"Not everybody can be spoken to in the same tone – in the same type of language. You have to learn very quickly about each individual player.
"It was something that Sir Alex did so well. He knew every facet of every player's life, so he could relate to every single one as an individual. That made you feel so special.
"His biggest skill was that he could walk into a room and, without even speaking to you, know how you were. He could just look into your eyes and he knew. He had a feel for it. That comes from not only knowing the player; that comes from knowing the person, too."
– Phil Neville played under Ferguson for Manchester United from 1994 to 2005
"We trained at The Cliff, where Sir Alex would appear pretty regularly, walking over from the main building to watch us train or play matches. He had a real interest in what was going on, across all the age groups.
"You've probably heard people say how great a memory he has, and it's absolutely true. Not only does he know your strengths and weaknesses, but he never forgets a name. He'll know the names of your mum and dad and how many brothers and sisters you've got – it's incredible.
"That's probably one of the things that makes him stand out from a lot of people. It shows how much respect he has for everyone."
– Michael Appleton played under Ferguson for Manchester United from 1994 to 1997
"If he could get anything up on the opposition's manager and the team, then he would do, whether it be killing them with kindness or being aggressive towards the manager. 'He said this, he said that about you, what are you going to do about that?'
"He was constantly finding ways to get that edge, because he respected Arsenal, he respected [Arsène] Wenger, and he knew that it was the fine details that could perhaps get us that result."
– Ryan Giggs played under Ferguson for Manchester United from 1991 to 2013
"He picked me up [from the airport], I think he took me to my medical, and we just drove and talked about football. I'd heard that he was a strong manager who suffered no fools – he was prepared to be a very strong presence in the dressing room, and I was okay with that. In fact, I was looking forward to it.
"Sir Alex was obviously strong-willed, but he understood exactly what was required. United had been allowed to drift, and the standards and behaviours of players and people around the club weren't where they needed to be if the team was to be as successful as it should be. He understood that from the off, and was clearly going to do something about it."
– Mark Hughes played under Ferguson for Manchester United from 1988 to 1995
"Before I made my decision [to enter management with Motherwell], there was someone I had to speak to – the man I'd spent eight years playing for at Aberdeen. Sir Alex Ferguson.
"'I don't know if I'm ready,' I told him.
"He laughed. 'None of us know when we're ready, son.'
"He said it was a good place to start: 'A great club. A stable club.'
"And I listened. After all, this was the man who had encouraged me to do the coaching course in the first place.
"I was in my late 20s when we had that chat: 'The earlier you can do it, the better.' Sir Alex said it would add to my understanding as a player in the latter years of my career. And it did."
– Alex McLeish played under Ferguson for Aberdeen from 1978 to 1986
"One of the things that always impressed me about Sir Alex, especially in the last six years that I worked with him, was his ability to delegate to his staff without losing control. He was always there, but he wasn't really involved in the training sessions. And we didn't go to him with things we could solve ourselves.
"But when you look at the reasons why he was so successful, I think more than anything it was his ability to refresh things at just the right time. When you build a team, you go through different processes – a building process, then a performance process, and then you go into decline.
"To be able to avoid that decline, you need to be able to refresh so you can extend the performance process for as long as possible."
– René Meulensteen was the first-team coach under Ferguson at Manchester United from 2007 to 2013
"I met with several clubs – Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Nottingham Forest, and a few others as well. They were all Premier League jobs, but I wasn't sure about any of them.
"I remember going to see Sir Alex Ferguson for advice after talks with Wednesday. He sat there, in his office at Carrington, and went through the whole squad, player by player. He was so knowledgeable. Eventually, he delivered his verdict: 'No, David, I don't think it's that good a job.'
"So I returned to Preston and got back to work."
– David Moyes succeeded Ferguson as manager of Manchester United, upon Ferguson's request, in 2013
"I learned from Sir Alex Ferguson. I'm a disciple of his, and we had a nice relationship. We were in touch when Cristiano Ronaldo was coming to play for the [Portugal] national team, and Sir Alex was Manchester United's coach. And then again, during my time at Chelsea.
"I used to observe his manner. I tried to study his methodology, and I still use it nowadays.
"It taught me to delegate more to the people who work with me. They can conduct things until a certain point, where I come to action. I believe that I do now something similar to what Ferguson did at Manchester United with Carlos Queiroz."
– Luiz Felipe Scolari managed alongside Ferguson in the Premier League while at Chelsea from 2008 to 2009
"I said to Sir Alex Ferguson: 'I want to be in management for a long time. I know you have to win. What are the other things you've got to do?'
"'You've got to stay healthy,' he said. 'You've got to move with the latest trends, and you've got to find a hobby outside of football.'"
– Nigel Adkins managed alongside Ferguson in the Premier League while at Southampton and Reading from 2012 to 2013
"Sir Alex said it would be very, very difficult [to keep Stoke City in the Premier League]. 'Whichever way you do it, you have to make your home ground a fortress,' he said. He didn't think we'd get too many points on the road.
"He also said that my quality time should revolve around the team, and not the barrage of media that surrounds the Premier League. Many make the mistake of stepping up first time around and getting too carried away with everything except the most important thing – your team and the result on the Saturday."
– Tony Pulis managed alongside Ferguson in the Premier League while at Stoke City from 2008 to 2013
"You've suddenly beaten Man United 3-0, and I'm shaking hands with Fergie on the sideline, thinking 'He's not going to be too happy'.
"I did find out he wasn't too happy because he never spoke to me for about 14 months, but prior to that he'd been texting me telling me how well I'd done. So, when you come up against these top managers, you have to understand that everything's fine and they can be gentlemen, until you beat them. [But] Fergie is still a dear friend of mine."
– Alan Pardew managed alongside Ferguson in the Premier League with West Ham, Charlton and Newcastle from 2006 to 2013
"Keeping the players interested and motivated was a real challenge. You have to look at the likes of Alex Ferguson and Arsène Wenger, and what they've done with their teams.
"Of course, there is no comparison with me, but at least in the sense that they had to evolve their squads, and each playing squad had a particular cycle – that was similar."
– Lee Johnson used Ferguson as a reference point while manager of Bristol City from 2016 to 2020
"I remember Alex Ferguson shouting: 'Show him on his left foot. He can't kick it with his left foot.'
"I always remind him of that."
– Tony Adams competed with Ferguson's Manchester United in Division One and the Premier League while a player for Arsenal from 1986 to 2002
"After the game, as I went upstairs to do the media, someone stopped me and said: 'Darren, would you like to see Sir Alex Ferguson? He's in here.'
"I tucked my T-shirt into my tracksuit bottoms, wiped the sweat off my brow, and rubbed my hands on my trousers to make sure I didn't have sweaty palms. A swig of water and I was ready to go in. Just as I was about to knock, my head of media stopped me: 'Darren, we've got to do the media first. We'll come back and see Sir Alex afterwards.'
"As soon as we were finished, I went back down to the room and knocked on the door. When I pushed it open, there was no Sir Alex. Just a lady in there clearing the table. I said: 'Sir Alex?'
'He's just gone, love. A couple of minutes ago.'
"I was gutted. To have a few words from the greatest manager of all our generations would have been so valuable for me."
– Darren Moore managed West Brom in a fixture against Manchester United in front of Ferguson in 2017/18
"In everything I do, my father, Johan Cruyff, and Sir Alex Ferguson are both very present. Particularly when there is a man-management issue, they come to mind.
"They showed me you can't always solve two problems in the same way. You have to differentiate from player to player, from ego to ego, because everyone responds differently."
– Jordi Cruyff played under Ferguson for Manchester United from 1996 to 2000
"I read a lot as well – especially books by coaches, like Sir Alex Ferguson and Arsène Wenger. I wanted to learn more and more and more.
"Everything about building the culture of a club, coaching techniques, tactics. Everything about managing."
– Veljko Paunovic used Ferguson as a reference point while manager of Reading from 2020


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Chillicothe (Mo.) Basketball Hornets Sail to 11th Win at Lake
Spurts in each half key 75-66 victory over host Camdenton in 2020 Laker Shootout Saturday (Jan. 25)
CAMDENTON, Mo. — Near the shores of Missouri's renowned Lake of the Ozarks, Chillicothe (Mo.) HS' basketball Hornets tried to leave the Camdenton Lakers in their wake with a 17-2 surge that left the Hornets on top 24-12 midway through the second period of their "Laker Shootout" clash early Saturday evening.
When that didn't take, Chillicothe kept its poise and lead until it could unreel another of its signature spurts – this one a 12-2 run – in the middle of the third stanza. Ahead by 12 again, 44-32, when that one faded into an exchange of baskets and points the rest of the period, the Hornets preserved at least a 3-possessions lead the rest of the way, claiming their 11th triumph in 14 games in 2019-20 by a 75-66 count.
Behind a 3-pronged senior salvo, led by C.J. Pfaff's career-high-matching 28 points, the Hornets had their largest offensive output of the season to date. They erased the prior high reached in their most-recent previous game, a 70-53 verdict at Marshall Jan. 16.
Also supplying a key ingredient in the game was Chillicothe's shortest starter, 5'9" junior Mason Baxter, who ripped down nine rebounds and handed out a team-best five assists.
Winners of six in a row, the Hornets head into this coming week's Cameron Invitational Tournament, in which they are the No. 1 seed. They'll face Higginsville in the first of their two "pool-play" games Monday at 6:30 p.m., followed on Thursday 5:15 p.m. with a rematch with Lawson, already a 60-25 victim of Chillicothe's earlier this month.
Saturday's game at Camdenton was a rematch of last year's "Lakers Shootout" game for Chillicothe and it capitalized on the opportunity to avenge the 5-points loss they sustained, with an abbreviated roster, last February. Delayed a week because of bad weather, the Hornets fell to the Lakers less than 24 hours after a tough, unique win at St. Joseph: Benton in which Pfaff and fellow senior Westley Brandsgaard did all of the Hornets' scoring.
Fresher this time, that nucleus was in top form this time around with We. Brandsgaard adding 20 tallies to Pfaff's 28, a total the 6'4" senior guard had reached early last season against Trenton.
Not only did those two seniors combine for 48 markers – about 10 over their combined averages, but CHS' third senior starter, Bradley Riley, delivered 14 short-range points, as well. Set up by teammates' passes multiple times, he had 10 of those in the last 10 minutes to offset Camdenton's accelerated scoring rate; the Lakers scored more than half (34) of their points in the final 10-1/2 minutes, but could get no closer than 71-64 with about 40 seconds left.
Behind 10-7 about the mid-point of the opening period, Chillicothe found its stride at both ends of the court for the first time on the evening.
A basket each by Pfaff and We. Brandsgaard and the latter's free throw gave Chillicothe a lead it would sustain the rest of the way and a 12-10 margin going to the second segment. After Pfaff – who double-doubled with 12 rebounds and also had three assists, three steals, and three shot blocks, according to team-kept stats – began the next quarter with the first of his four triples (in only seven attempts) in the game, a quick Camdenton deuce was followed by another string of Chillicothe tallies.
Pfaff drove to score, then set up Riley for a lay-in in transition. We. Brandsgaard then worked past multiple defenders on the Camdenton press to get to the rim for a lay-in, before, on the next possession, putting back his own miss underneath while being fouled. When he completed the three-points play, Chillicothe had netted nine unanswered markers and had the Lakers doubled, 24-12.
The hosts soon matched that 9-0 run to be within three and a converted steal had them within 26-25 with a minute and change left in the opening half. However, freshman reserve guard Griff Bonderer coolly rose up and buried a mid-range jumper from the right side off classmate Wyatt Brandsgaard's pass and Pfaff drained two free throws – he went six for six at the stripe on the night – to make it a 30-25 game , the Hornets' way, at intermission.
A Camdenton trey in the early moments of the second half made it a 2-points game before the squads exchanged 2s.
At the 6:40 mark of the third period, We. Brandsgaard, who dealt with mild foul trouble much of the game before fouling out late, drove the right baseline to score, igniting the decisive Chillicothe charge.
Pfaff got to the basket in transition and Riley, using a spin move from the left block, also dropped in a short shot as the Hornets beat the full-court defensive pressure Camdenton applied at times. In response to a pair of Lakers free throws, Pfaff found the range from beyond the arc on the left side off a We. Brandsgaard pass, then was all alone again to the left of the key after Baxter twice hustled to snare offensive rebounds, the second of which he fed out to Pfaff for another trifecta.
Ahead again by 12, Chillicothe largely kept the spread in dual digits the rest of the way, twice getting it up to 15 in the first few minutes of the last quarter.
Statistically, Chillicothe's prolific scoring owed itself to the creation of many in-close shots – a number of them effectively undefended as the Hornets broke the Camdenton press, but also saw very good mid- and long-range shooting.
According to team stats, neither Riley (seven for seven) nor Pfaff (five for five) missed from 2-points distance. Stir in 5-of-9 work beyond the arc by Pfaff and We. Brandsgaard and Chillicothe exited the floor having shot 68 percent overall (26 of 38), including 75 percent (21 of 28) inside the arc. Tack on outstanding 18-of-23 team success at the foul line and the Hornets' season high in points follows naturally.
Camdenton (3-10) was led in scoring by 6'5" Paxton deLaurent's 22 points, but it had only one other player in twin figures – Drake Miller with 13.


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Remembering 10 Years of Rape During Women's Month
Kagure Mugo
The ten-year anniversary of President Jacob Zuma's rape trial is a sad reminder of how the system can fail women.
Women's Month slid back into our lives last week like a greasy Twitter follower slides into the DMs. It's a time when anyone worth their salt will suddenly wake up to the possibilities of women, "the need to uphold rights" and the celebration of how much women contribute to society by simply being. What makes this Women's Month even more poignant is that it is cloaked not only in the local elections but also the ten-year anniversary of President Jacob Zuma's State vs Zuma rape acquittal.
In 2006, a then 31-year-old woman, Khwezi* (who changed her name during the trial and in subsequent years), accused the (then) Deputy President of rape and the nation was wrapped in a pending socio-political scandal. Khwezi had told the court that she was HIV-positive and a lesbian. She also outlined how Zuma, a close friend of her father and someone she considered an 'uncle,' had raped her one night when he had gone to visit her.
The court ruled the incident consensual.
At the time, the acquittal made international headlines and Khwezi was in turn forced to flee the country under police guard. Outside the court Zuma supporters threatened her well-being and she was met with shouts of "the bitch must burn." A photo of her also circulated.
Various institutions that were meant to protect Khwezi––all women who have gone through the same thing––repeatedly failed her. The ANC Women's League were some of Zuma's staunchest supporters seeking to vilify Khwezi during the trial. At the time, they stated it would be unfair to think they would turn against Zuma simply because "he was once accused of rape."
According to Mpumi Mathabela, coordinator of the 1 in 9 Campaign, an organisation tackling the issue of sexual violence that was formed in solidarity with Khwezi, this went a step further when women in ANCWL regalia called her names and voiced opinions such as "she should feel lucky to have been raped by such a handsome man."
The failings of the court to protect her right to body autonomy were numerous. Mathabela states that Khwezi's sexuality was termed "a claim" (namely she only claimed to be lesbian) and her previous sexual assaults were used as a means to discredit her.
The problem with having an anniversary of all of this, other than being incredibly macabre, is that it falls within a messy melting pot of elections filled with constant pandering and polishing by political parties. As the largest party within the country, the African National Congress (ANC) was one of the most visible players in last week's local elections. Zuma formed a core part of the ANC campaigning policy, with his image adorning a whole host of posters and being central to messaging.
Despite political predictions that the rape acquittal would have an effect on Zuma's career, he still managed to rise to the highest seat in power, with his face now adorning a number of posters across the country whilst the nation forgets Khwezi and all she went through. One can claim that this anniversary means nothing to his political and personal life. His ability to have risen above this sets a dangerous precedent for an already volatile society.
When I spoke with Mathabela, she highlighted this plight. "During a dialogue we hosted on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the judgment we had women in the room who said that because Jacob Zuma told the nation that he showered to avoid becoming infected with HIV, men began raping us without condoms' with the men questioning 'why would the second most powerful man in the country at the time lie?'" said Mathabela. "Women in the room stated that Zuma's acquittal had actually caused a surge in rapes in communities as men became sure 'the justice system was on their side.'"
However, there are some who refuse to forget.
Over the weekend, Simamkele Dlakavu and members of the #Iam1in3 and #RUReferenceList movement staged a silent protest during the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) municipal election results announcement given by Zuma. Four women, dressed in black, stood up in front of the president with posters that said "I am 1 in 3," "#," "10 Years later," "Khanga," and "Remember Khwezi." As Zuma wrapped up his speech the women were removed with extreme force by Zuma's bodyguards and only later was their well-being confirmed when one tweeted "we are all OK." Screaming was heard as the women were ejected from the proceedings. Their actions were condemned by some, including the ANCWL, who stated that "no head of state should be treated like this." Some within the ANC camp called the protest "politically motivated."
The protesters stated that they "refused to let the country forget." The impromptu stand and subsequent online and offline reaction have been termed "a blow" to the president and ruling party who saw a great deal of political ground lost within the recently-concluded elections.
Also within the same stream, the 1in9 Campaign has sought to combat the country's collective amnesia. On the anniversary of both their genesis and the State vs Zuma judgment, 1in9 held a demonstration in front of the Johannesburg High Court in which Zuma was acquitted.
A poem that Khwezi composed denouncing the idea of her "khanga as an invitation" and speaking on the fact that a woman should own her body formed a core part of cognitive and political framework of the protests. This was evident in one performance in which women bared their bodies and covered themselves in khangas (a traditional cloth). According to the director of the performance, Katlego Mogola said it was a statement that "my khanga is not an invitation for men…we have the right to our bodies and we are tired of being oppressed."
The ten years marks a very sad moment for women's rights, the ownership of their sex and sexuality and their overall safety within society and the system. As Mathabela says, 'if Jacob Zuma and his government and supporters damage the life of one women, how can we believe any of us are safe from the same kind of treatment?"
The failure of the justice system to protect a victim of sexual assault in the case of the State vs Zuma is especially acute. Not only did it set precedent within the judicial realm, but also within society. In a country where sexual assault is pervasive, that someone is able to shake off such a charge sets a dangerous example for those who live within a paradigm where leaders are revered and held as an example. The fact that Zuma has not only managed to survive but thrive is a daunting reminder of the trade-off between the lives of the victim and the perpetrator. The ten-year reminder during Women's Month of the acquittal is not only a sad reminder of how the system can fail women but also how far we have to go in protecting us.
Tiffany Kagure Mugo is co- curator of HOLAA! an online Pan Africanist hub that tackles issues surrounding African female sexuality, a writer and media consultant.
Koleka Putuma Releases Sonic Experience for Collective Amnesia - OkayAfrica ›
South Africa's DJ Fresh and DJ Euphonik Accused of Rape - OkayAfrica ›
Explained: Keeping Up With Jacob Zuma - OkayAfrica ›
Zuma is South Africa's First Former President to be Jailed - OkayAfrica ›


How was your weekend? As usual mine went by WAAAAY too fast. Friday we had a Whole Foods date and picked up our first farmbox from Sunizona Farms. Then we came home and watched Nonstop – a plane hijacking thriller which was awesome. I do a lot outside of my 8-5pm job, but I don't work Friday nights, it's my little rule to keep my sanity. Then Saturday I went to Zumba, did some work, and then cooked literally all afternoon from 3 to 7pm. Some of it was for the hubby and his friend, but most of it was for our first Glow Nutrition Party which is happening THIS afternoon, I'm super excited! Anyways, I didn't really do any personal grocery shopping outside of Whole Foods (the rest was for Glow).
Farmbox- more details to come!
Prep one time once it's open. I typically take baby carrots with me to work, so the minute I open a bag of baby carrots I split it into 6 ziplock bags so I don't have to do it every night before work. Or, in my farmbox came some microgreens which the first time I opened them I washed and dried all of them (instead of just what I wanted to use), then bagged the leftovers.
Making extra at dinner for lunch, prep lunch as I put dinner away. There are very few exceptions to food that can't be thrown into a salad to make for lunch the next.
I try to stick to my plans as best as possible, sometimes I end up up switching things around but at least I always have some go to meals ready in my mind.
What's on your plan for this week?
Do you do a Sunday meal prep?


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"Quizás quiso decir Júpiter" (Maybe You want to say Jupiter), looking into the 90's.
JAPIWOR is Angel Donoso (October 17th 1977), own project, a musician from Ciudad Real (Spain) with some years of experience in different previous bands. After which it decided take a rest during a year by private reasons, and to make JAPIWOR - "happy world" in your own language - in 2004, a project that is born with the own purity of that does not have the dutty to please the music bussines, only to create music with absolute freedom. Since then it has published 3 CD's, that compile different songs from their old bands, under the brand JAPIWOR.
Ángel Japiwor is not closed to anything, and he is declared fan of Faemino y Cansado, Muchachada Nui and Woody Allen, but their songs have the roots in the music of their generation, in the sounds of 90's. In their music echoes of bands like Soundgarden, Alice in Chains or Smashing Pumpkins, decorated with elements of funk-rock of low intensity and I touch electronics minimalism. Moments where music moves smoothly as reptile later to explode in melancholic fits and of harmonia. Frank Zappa also is a musician to whom he admires, and can prove it the eclectic roots of this new disc. Yes, it drinks of his generation but it has musical culture and that it note.
At lyrics level, JAPIWOR uses lyrics with elements of sci fi, titles like "Rebelion Autómata" (first hit single), "Antimateria" or "Abismo Punto Cero", with a marked influence of the band Lagartija Nick from Granada (Spain).
Perhaps its 4th CD, published by Flor y Nata Records, "Quizás quiso decir Júpiter" has counted with musicians of quality from Ciudad Real, and the plays himsels almost all and sings. A work that consolidates it within the panorama of the rock sung in Spanish. And it is that there are not many proposals like hers.
It is the moment for saying Jupiter and, JAPIWOR first of all. The trip is assured.


This summer, dozens of Winooski kids plunged into the water at Myers Pool in Winooski, courtesy of the Greater Burlington YMCA and Fletcher Allen Health Care, which teamed up to offer free lessons to young swimmers. Seven Days multimedia producer Eva Sollberger recently interviewed Camp Splash kids, parents and instructors for an episode of her weekly web video series, Stuck in Vermont.
Parents talked about the importance of learning to swim - as both a life lesson and a confidence booster in a state full of pools, ponds, lakes and rivers.
"It makes me proud that they're learning a life skill that I don't know how to do," said Nicole Wolfe.
Jess Lukas, an aquatics professional with the GBYMCA, said the three-day Camp Splash's first focus is water safety, but the program also makes sure there's time for fun. Watch the video for clear blue evidence — kids splash, jump, float and noodle around under the instructor's watchful tutelage. Lukas said some kids spend entire afternoons at the pool. And who wouldn't, on those made-for-swimming, sunny summer days?
Watch the full video of the July 27 episode of Stuck in Vermont.


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Homepage > Katalog > Politologie / Politik > Internationale Politik und Länderanalysen > Thema: Globalisierung, pol. Ökonomie
Global Governance. Impact of the United Nations Organization
K N
Katharina Neugebauer (Autor:in)
1.1. Introduction to the essay
1.2. Introduction to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
1.3. Definition of central concepts: Regime & Regime Complex
2. Why have the Global Compact & the UN Guiding Principles been successful?
2.1. Dimensions of Regime Effectiveness
2.2 Analysis & Evaluation of the Global Compact & the UN Guiding Principles
2.2.1. Analyse of the Global Compact & the UN Guiding Principles
2.2.2. Final Evaluation of the Global Compact & the UN Guiding Principles
3. How might the Global Governance of human rights and MNE might be improved?
As a result of globalisation, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have become increasingly powerful and important. This concentration of power goes hand in hand with some negative effects such as avoidance of taxation, quasi-monopolies or issues like the non-observance of environmental, labour protection and human rights standards.
Since the attempt to achieve a legally binding regulation of MNEs failed in 1992, the number of voluntary self-regulation initiatives increased. In these initiatives, MNEs are not passive addressees but active partners already during the development of these initiatives (Coni-Zimmer and Flohr, 2013, p. 37). The number of these initiatives has now become very unmanageable, which is accompanied by a fragmentation of standards.
This essay focuses on two central initiatives, the United Nations (UN): The Global Compact (GC) and the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). Since the UN is traditionally the international framework in which human rights have been established (Seppala, 2009, p. 402), these two initiatives were selected. It is a continuation of the briefing paper that I wrote during the Global Governance seminar. It analyses the effects of MNEs on a macroeconomic and corporate social responsibility level and describes the GC and its advantages and disadvantages in more detail. Therefore, this essay will not take up these points again In contrast to the Briefing Paper, which looked at the problems caused by MNEs from a broader perspective, the present essay focuses on the UN regulations on the observance of human rights by MNEs. It would have gone beyond the scope of this paper to consider all the effects of MNEs.
Since the UNGPs were not presented in detail in the briefing paper, an overview of them and an explanation of central concepts is given first. The second chapter of the essay then analyses the reasons for the success of the GC and the UNGPs. In the third chapter, the Global Experiment Governance is presented as a possible proposal for improving the human rights protection regime.
After previous attempts to establish a framework for the protection of human rights by MNE at international level had failed, the UN created the office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Human Rights (UNSPHR) in 2005. The UNGPS are a cross-sectoral approach that was adopted by the UN Human Rights Council in 2011. They are not international law and are therefore not legally binding (UNHR Office of the High Comissoner, 2014, p. 8). It is preceded by extensive research and consultation procedures by the UN Special UNSPHR, John Ruggie. The framework he has created consists of three pillars:
1.) Protect: The Principles emphasise the duty of states to protect people in their rights, including rights vis-à-vis companies. On the other hand, they also address themselves directly to companies and require them to respect and protect human rights as part of their due diligence. Furthermore, the UN Human Rights Council calls upon states to draw up national action plans to implement the principles.
2.) Respect: States, companies and enterprises are encouraged to create structures for complaints in a legal and non-legal way.
3.) Remedy: In order to effectively enforce human rights violations, companies and states are encouraged to establish state and non-state complaints procedures. (UNHR Office of the High Comissoner, 2011)Coni-Zimmer and Flohr 2013, p. 39; Hadwiger et al. 2017, pp. 11–12).
Beside the UNGPs the Human Rights Council established the 'Working Group' among other things. They have the following tasks: advancing the process of implementing the UNGPs, conducting state visits and, as coordinator, seeking dialogue with relevant actors and many more (UNHR Office of the High Comissoner, 2020b).
The UNGPs are a mixture of international and private regulation. For the first time, the principles clearly define the different responsibilities: Accordingly, states are responsible for creating the framework conditions for the protection of human rights and the prosecution of violations (Seppala, 2009, p. 410). Nevertheless, companies also have a responsibility: they too are called upon to respect human rights regardless of the obligations of states. Both actors have a responsibility to respect human rights(Hadwiger et al., 2017, pp. 51–61; UNHR Office of the High Comissoner, 2011, pp. 3–26).
Nine years after the launch of the UNGPs, 23 states have developed a national action plan, 22 have started to develop or at least declared their intention to develop a plan. In eight states, the Network of African National Human Rights Institutions (NANHRI) or the civil society pushes the development of a national action plan Human Rights and Business (UNHR Office of the High Comissoner, 2020a).
International regimes are institutionalized arrangements for solving problems that simultaneously affect the interests of several states or even those of non-state actors. One of the most prominent definitions of regimes is that of Krasner (1983) in which he defines , as "sets of implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actors' expectations converge in a given area of international relations. Principles are beliefs of fact, causation, und rectitude. Norms are standards of behavior defined in terms of rights and obligations. Rules are specific prescriptions or proscriptions for actions. Decisionmaking procedures are prevailing practices for making and implementing collective choice" (Krasner, 1983, p. 2).
Over the years, various regulations have been established to protect human rights by different bodies with different sponsors. These variety can be described as a regime complex. Due to the definition of Raustiala and Victor, a regime complex is "an array of partially overlapping and nonhierarchical institutions governing a particular issue-area" (Raustiala and Victor, 2004, p. 279) which include public and privat regimes (Alter and Raustiala, 2018, p. 332). "Regime complexity refers to international political systems of global governance that emerge because of the coexistence of rule density and regime complexes" (Alter and Raustiala, 2018, p. 333). Between the different institutions is no hierarchy. Therefore, it is not necessary that a consensus does not necessarily have to be reached on critical issues. (Alter and Raustiala, 2018, p. 333).
Regime complexity can be found especially in multidimensional problems that cannot be solved by a simple regime (Alter and Raustiala, 2018, p. 330).
In contrast to regime complex, simple regimes are characterized by the fact that the regime building process also begins with an institutional new beginning. If earlier agreements exist, they are discarded or integrated into the new regime. One example is the GATT, which has been replaced by the WTO. In a regime complex, the norms of a new regime are aligned and harmonised with those of the existing regimes around it. (Raustiala and Victor, 2004, p. 297).
According to the definition of the Cambridge Dictionary 'success' describes (1) "achieving the results wanted or hope for" or is (2) "something that achieve positive results" (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). The following section will examine this in detail in relation to the GC and the UNGPs.
Taking the definition of 'success' apart, it consists of two partial definitions: With regard to human rights, "achieving the results wanted or hope for" would be compliance with human rights by MNEs, the state and other actors (ibid). Looking at the second part of the definition, success in relation to the GC and UNGPs means both ensuring positive results. The second partial definition in particular is closely linked to the question of effectiveness. However, the complex construct of effectiveness cannot be measured precisely all in once and therefore has to be broken down into individual variables (Breitmeier, 2016, p. 906).
The following subchapter will first introduce into the different dimensions how effectiveness can be seen. After it, I will introduce the assessment criteria of Keohane and Victor, which evaluate a complex regime out of a normative view. Following this, they are applied to the GC and the UNGPs.
Although international institutions and regimes have existed as long as politics itself, regime formation was initially a central subject of regime research (Sprinz, 2003, p. 258). It was only in the 1990s that regime research began to examine the question of how effective regimes are. There was no doubt at the time that regimes were successful. However, this does not say anything about the extent to which a regime itself contributes a causal contribution to solve a problem, achieve a goal or change behaviour (Breitmeier, 2016, p. 905; Sprinz, 2003, pp. 258–259).
To assess the effectiveness of the regimes, various standards and criteria have been used in the literature. This is certainly also since the concept of effectiveness is a difficult one to grasp and can be viewed from different points of view (Young and Levy, 1999, p. 3). They introduce the following dimensions: effectiveness can be viewed from the dimension of the problem-solving-, legal-, economic-, normative- and political approach (Breitmeier, 2016, p. 906; Sprinz, 2003, p. 259; Young and Levy, 1999, pp. 2–6). The problem-solving approach quantifies effectiveness by the contribution that the regime has made to solve the problem (Ward, 2006, p. 154; Young and Levy, 1999, p. 4). The legal approach focuses on the implementation of the contractual agreements by the members while the economic one focus on the effectiveness of these implementations. The normative one takes things like fairness, justice, stewardship and participation into account (Young and Levy, 1999, pp. 4–5). Similar to the legal approach is finally the political approach, which looks on effectiveness through the lens "changing of behaviour, interests of actors and policies and performance of institution […]" (Young and Levy, 1999, p. 5).
The individual dimensions of effectiveness are causally linked. For instance, if a regime is perceived as unfair by one actor (normative dimension), that actor will pay little attention to this regime. Consequently, compliance (legal and political dimension) suffers as a result and thus jeopardises the achievement of a regime's objectives (Breitmeier, 2016, p. 906). Therefore, the question of how effective a regime is closely linked to the question of success since effectiveness has a decisive influence on success.
Keohane and Victor (2011) proposed the following assessment criteria to evaluate the regime complexes, which can assume characteristics between dysfunctional and functional. The more dimensions they take on a functional character, the more justifiable the regime complexes are (Keohane and Victor, 2011, p. 16). The dimensions are:
1.) Coherence – The regimes in a regime complex can be compatible with each other and thus reinforce each other or be incompatible. "A regime whose components are compatible and mutually reinforcing is coherent" (ibid).
2.) Accountability – means that "some actors have the right to hold other actors to a set of standards, to judge whether they have fulfilled their responsibilities in light of these standards, and to impose sanctions if they determine that these responsibilities have not been met" (Grant and Keohane, 2005, p. 29). Especially states, non-governmental organization and public should have the ability to account (Keohane and Victor, 2011, p. 17).
3.) Determinacy – This refers to determinacy of the rules. Determinate rules helps to create clarity and provide a higher compliance because actors know what to do.
4.) Sustainability – Sustainable regime complex have institutions that reinforce each other and are built in a redundant way (ibid).
5.) Epistemic quality – Epistemic quality then exists where the norms and rules of the regime are based on the current state of science (ibid).
6.) Fairness – A fair regime complex does not discriminate against actors, even if they are not cooperating, and provide benefits widely.
The following section will apply the assessment criteria of Keohane and Victor to the GC and the UNGPs. Since the sub-dimension epistemic quality into the is not so plausible in the area of human rights, the dimension will not be examined further in the analysis below1. As suggested by Keohane and Victor, the expression of each dimension is rated on a scale from functional to dysfunctional, at the end of the evaluation. For simplicity, the continuum of the dimension is reduced to three states: dysfunctional, neutral, functional.
1 Keohane and Victor introduce those normative evaluation dimension in an journal article which deals about the climate change regimes. In this context this dimension is also much more pausible.
Multinational Enterprises, Multinationale Unternehmen, Global Governance, Human Rights, UN, Global Compact
Katharina Neugebauer (Autor:in), Global Governance. Impact of the United Nations Organization, München, GRIN Verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/922473
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Occupy was commissioned by the Music Institute of Chicago and is dedicated to the Lincoln Trio and guest violist Masumi Per Rostad. Occupy has as much to do with the populist movement addressing the woes of the market place as it does with an innate human instinct to covet; an instinct necessary for survival, but that has so often been distorted into a "winner takes all" mentality that discredits our humanity. This piece explores this distorted notion of survival through a process of possession and repossession of the musical material among the instruments in the quartet. This work is ultimately intended as a social reflection rather than a political stand. The world premiere performance of Occupy was given at the Ravinia Summer Festival 2012.


I also wanted to highlight one blog which I have read religiously over the past year. It is written by James Altucher, who is an investor, entrepreneur, author and financial columnist. It covers topics such as business, investing, personal finance, entrepreneurship through the unique lense of the author. The blog is called The Altucher Confidential.


Home Class Static data member in class.
Static data member in class.
Write a program to implement static data member in class.
1. Create class item with static data member as count.
2. Create a member function to increment the count.
3. Declare the static datamember using scope resolution operator.
4. Display the count value.


Self similar fractals are often used in modeling porous media. Hence, defining a Laplacian and a Brownian motion on such sets describes transport through such materials. However, the assumption of strict self similarity could be too restricting. So, we present several models of random fractals which could be used instead. After recalling the classical approaches of random homogenous and recursive random fractals, we show how to interpolate between these two model classes with the help of so called V-variable fractals. This concept (developed by Barnsley, Hutchinson & Stenflo) allows the definition of new families of random fractals, hereby the parameter V describes the degree of 'variability' of the realizations. We discuss how the degree of variability influences the geometric, analytic and stochastic properties of these sets.
These results have been obtained with Ben Hambly (University of Oxford) and John Hutchinson (ANU Canberra).


2018 Hyundai Accent Sedan Hatchback, Review, Limited – Automobile marketplace would seem soaked with many different autos developed by several producers. Nevertheless, there are lots of sedans out there who happen to be indeed not aggressive as well as which unfortunately image will not be among the best from the class. Definitely,2018 Hyundai Accent is just not, and this includes. Hyundai Accent has become along with us for a while and possessed was able to discover their place on the market.
2018 Hyundai Accent comes along with many upgrades and even refreshments that may make it possible for Accent to maintain this placement. Changes are many noticeable around the external area, but minor changes can also be found in the cabin. Although starting has not been recently planned nevertheless any a right amount of information and facts leaked thus we can find out how utterly new Hyundai Accent will look like. Should you be thinking about buying a good automobile, and you nevertheless could not create up your mind, many of us counsel to examine pros and cons involving Accent. Therefore, we tend to be sure you will be a stride closer to making a choice.
It is not necessarily the top physique from the class still when you are thinking of buying four-door, it's likely in which potential is not the primary feature for yourself. Almost yes, you can expect to be more conscious of fuel intake, and you will look for a car which could reach far more mpg.
2018 Hyundai Accent is undoubtedly predicted to achieve 28 mpg in the city as well as 37 mpg for a road. Transmission product is optionally available, and each upcoming driver can have a decision involving half a dozen-speed automated and then guide transmission. So far, we have seen merely no gossip on the subject of some other engine possibilities.
Allegedly, newer 2018 Hyundai Accent will appear a lot more competitive due to remodeled top fascia. Front side aspect is often more angular and will also feature cutting-edge tire designs. Also, according to some gossip consumption of Brought modern technology will be elevated. That means that probably the software includes brand-new Directed front lights and then different Directed fog lights.
The cabin could be more huge and will also offer a lot more convenience for each person in the car. Remote control keyless admittance together with power Microsoft windows, curls as well as decorative mirrors, are becoming standard functions, in addition to Wireless Bluetooth connection, cruise trip control and then voice acknowledgment program.
Telescopic controls and size changeable car seats are required. It is actually believed 2018 Hyundai Accent will come with much more additional features, so we have to be individual and wait for established ads or possibly some automobile reveals.


text:
Don't Say Nothin' Bad (About My Baby)
Complete Cookies
Track artist:
Don't say nothin' bad about my baby
I love him so
Oh, don't you know
He's good (he's good), he's good to me (good to me)
That's all I care about
Don't you tell me my baby's just a playboy
That's a lie
I don't listen to a single word they say, boy
He's my guy
He's true (he's true), he's true to me (true to me)
So, girl
You'd better ship him out
Everybody says he's lazy
But not when he's kissin' me
Everybody says he's crazy
Sure, he's crazy, crazy 'bout me
� 1963 Screen Gems-EMI Music, Inc. (BMI), Screen Gems-EMI Music, Inc. (BMI)
Lyrics courtesy of EMI Music Publishing.
For printed lyrics or sheet music, please visit www.halleonard.com or www.sheetmusicdirect.com.
Explore the Discography
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The Legendary Demos
Back in Stock! Pearls: The Songs of Goffin and King
A retrospective of 10 classic songs written by King and Gerry Goffin. Includes "The Loco-Motion", "One Fine Day", "Chains", "Hey Girl" and more!
January 17, 2021 8pm #Inauguration2021 @BidenInaugural https://t.co/ajuqpGPKO2 https://t.co/1JCwBFjmdJ
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© 2021 CK Art Media Inc.


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Pump power in your pocket. This compact aluminium pump is capable of delivering air at high pressure or high volume, to a maximum pressure of 80 to 120psi. And it's compatible with both Presta and Schrader valves, so you can use it on any bike.
Aluminium pump with 2 stage pump system, Presta and Schrader valve head, 80 - 120 psi max.


text:
Q: Change a particular url if found in any web page in chrome to my custom url I am browsing a web page and it include a web url say http://abc.com/test/test.abc
now i want browser to change the url and look for the resource at my Custom URL http://mydomain.com/test.abc

A: To change it in Chrome would require an extension.  I am not aware of any way that do that specifically.
However, there is a solution that would have the same end result, but not the desired effect of changing the URLs text.
You can accomplish this by editing the hosts file.  The hosts file lets you map an existing IP, hostname, of DNS name to one of your choice.
The advantage of editing the hosts file is that it will work on any connection made by your machine.  It takes precedence over DNS, and even a direct IP connection.
Here is a simple guide on editing a hosts file in Windows and Linux.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bryn and Sera are both certified therapy dogs who usually work with Joliet Area Community Hospice. However, on a sunny Thursday in April, they were able to change their venue a bit to have fun with kids for a day!
Bryn and Sera love to entertain, so they had the opportunity to do that when Lewis University in Romeoville, IL asked if they would come to Take Your Kids to Work Day. We talked about dog safety and demonstrated the proper way to approach a dog, what should be done if a strange dog approaches what to do if you should see a lost dog. Then we had fun. Bryn and Sera both love to do tricks. Sera loves to play a guessing game in which she guesses which number the kids are thinking of. Of course, Sera does this from scent discrimination, but the kids could not figure it out. So, is Sera smarter than a 5th grader? Bryn absolutely loves kids. I believe she thinks that they and her are the same. Her special trick is to say her prayers, turn off a light and then roll up in a blanket. Bryn also like belly rubs a lot. They were the highlight of Take Your Kids to Work Day. I hope that we be able to do this again next year.
I just want to say Thanks for your story. It really inspires me. I am working on getting my deaf Aussie, Penny, to be a therapy dog. She just adores kids and people. She would rather be petted and hugged than given a treat.


One of the many great attributes about Pilates, is how widely accessible it is to all fitness levels, sizes, ages… you name it. We often hear things such as "Oh, I'm too old for that" or "my body isn't like it used to be." Sure, our bodies adapt and change over time, but why limit ourselves with this belief? Rather, why not reach for new goals that meet us where we are and as we are.
One reason why we at Full Circle love introducing Pilates to our more mature folks is that it is low impact on our bodies and specifically our joints, which become worn down over time. Pilates focuses on increasing stability, strength and flexibility simultaneously which is incredibly beneficial for those that are looking to restore their "functional movement" such as balance and posture that may have been lost over time.
At Full Circle, we are proud to offer a plethora of widely accessible mat, equipment and private classes taught by our wonderful instructors who are more than happy to tailor to your specific needs and modifications.
Sign up for Privates and Group Classes here!
If you'd like to find out more about the benefits of Pilates for more senior clientele, click here.


THE following Poems, which were written, for the most part, in the Great South Sea, during the Author's last voyage from England, are submitted to the Australian public, in the hope of their becoming instrumental in advancing the interests of pure religion, and promoting the practice of virtue throughout the Colony. Several of the most distinguished names in the Christian Church, both in ancient and modern times, have occasionally employed the Muse as an auxiliary to the pulpit; and the author persuades himself that he may possibly subserve the good cause of his Master, by following their example. Desirous of awakening devotional feeling among the people of his adopted country, he has ventured to take down the Harp of David from the willows, and to "sing of the songs of Zion, in a strange land." Some future Australian may, perhaps, arise to make that harp his own, and to sing the sweet melodies of Zion, while he sings the beauties of this Southern clime.
The Author has interspersed, among the following fugitive pieces, a few translations from the "Geistliche Oden und Lieder" of Gellert, a work of very superior merit and highly popular in Germany. They may seem rather cramped; but this was perhaps unavoidable from their being executed in the same species of verse as the original, and from their exhibiting the same ideas in the same space. He has also inserted translations, or rather paraphrases, of two of the songs of the Aborigines, for the purpose of evincing that, however degraded they may seem in the scale of humanity, the black natives are not totally destitute of the finer feelings and the high capabilities of man; and also with a view to turn the attention of intelligent Settlers to the only source of Aboriginal lore that seems likely to be ever open to European research.
Several of the following pieces represent the Christian life as a state of trouble, and suffering. and sorrow: and it certainly is so, in every instance, however the fashionable Christianity of the present age may discard the idea. The whole system of revealed religion is manifestly adapted to such a state, and the hopes and promises of the Gospel areevidently as little designed for a life of uninterrupted prosperity, as a Chart of the British Channel for the exigencies of a mariner in the Straits of Magellan. The Author has, doubtless, been somewhat confirmed in this idea, from what he has himself experienced during his connection with the Scots Church in the Colony; and, in the pieces he alludes to, he has, perhaps, been recording his own experience of the interpositions of Divine Providence, for the furtherance of that good work, in the midst of much and unexpected discouragement, and the manifold exhibitions he has himself witnessed, in the course of its eventful history, of the loving-kindness of the Lord.
Sonnet. The Friendship of the World.
Epistle to the Gentlemen of The St. Andrew's Club, in Answer to their Card of Invitation, to Their Anniversary Ball, &c.—Sydney, 25th November, 1823.
Verses to the Memory of Mr George Lang, who died in Sydney, 18th January, 1825.
Gloria Deo; Or, The Coral Insect.
Verses on the Ruins of Knock Castle.
Hymn. From The German of Gellert.