text:
Q: Align Text to geom_vline with varying location I have a function that creates a histogram with an overlying density plot. The function also displays a red dotted line indicating alpha. Users can indicate the alpha level. Moreover, the count in the histogram will differ as a function of the input data. I want a label indicating alpha = 0.05(for example) next to the red dotted line. The label should always be next to the alpha line  and always be near the top of the graph (I did not solve that). I´m aware of Align geom_text to a geom_vline in ggplot2, but they do not provide what I´m looking for (and/or produce error messages, I tried to reduce the size of the label by text=element_text(size=11) as suggested there, but that does not work).
Find below some sample code:
multiverse.p.histogram <- function(dataframe, pvalues, alpha = 0.05){
hist <- ggplot(dataframe, aes(x = p.value)) + geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.01, color = "black",fill = "dodgerblue") + theme_bw() + xlim(0,1) + geom_density(alpha = 0.5, fill = "#FF6666") +xlab("p-value") + ggtitle("Histogram of Multiverse P-Values") + geom_vline(xintercept = alpha, color = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
  geom_text(aes(x = alpha, y = 75, label = "Alpha"), color = "red") +
  theme(
  axis.text = element_text(color = "black"),
  axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"),
  legend.position = "none",
  panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
  panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
  panel.border = element_blank(),
  panel.background = element_blank())
return(hist)
}#close histogram function

#and some sample data
df_multiverse <- structure(list(transformation = c("normal", "normal", "normal",
"normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal",
"normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal",
"normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal",
"normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal",
"normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal",
"normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal",
"normal", "normal", "normal", "normal", "normal"), datatrimming = c("notrimming",
"notrimming", "notrimming", "notrimming", "notrimming", "notrimming",
"notrimming", "notrimming", "notrimming", "notrimming", "notrimming",
"mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad",
"mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad",
"mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad",
"mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad", "mad",
"mad", "mad", "mad"), fixedtrimming = c("min", "min", "min",
"min", "min", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax",
"nofixedtrimming", "min", "min", "min", "min", "min", "minmax",
"minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "nofixedtrimming", "min",
"min", "min", "min", "min", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax",
"minmax", "nofixedtrimming", "min", "min", "min", "min", "min",
"minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "minmax", "nofixedtrimming",
"min", "min", "min", "min", "min", "minmax"), min = c("0.1",
"0.2", "0.3", "0.4", "0.5", "0.1", "0.2", "0.3", "0.4", "0.5",
NA, "0.1", "0.2", "0.3", "0.4", "0.5", "0.1", "0.2", "0.3", "0.4",
"0.5", NA, "0.1", "0.2", "0.3", "0.4", "0.5", "0.1", "0.2", "0.3",
"0.4", "0.5", NA, "0.1", "0.2", "0.3", "0.4", "0.5", "0.1", "0.2",
"0.3", "0.4", "0.5", NA, "0.1", "0.2", "0.3", "0.4", "0.5", "0.1"
), max = c("4.78103879314337", "4.78103879314337", "4.78103879314337",
"4.78103879314337", "4.78103879314337", "10", "10", "10", "10",
"10", NA, "1.50348972125673", "1.50348972125673", "1.50348972125673",
"1.50348972125673", "1.50348972125673", "10", "10", "10", "10",
"10", NA, "1.6673730851492", "1.6673730851492", "1.6673730851492",
"1.6673730851492", "1.6673730851492", "10", "10", "10", "10",
"10", NA, "1.82875939263309", "1.82875939263309", "1.82875939263309",
"1.82875939263309", "1.82875939263309", "10", "10", "10", "10",
"10", NA, "1.98682907108801", "1.98682907108801", "1.98682907108801",
"1.98682907108801", "1.98682907108801", "10"), DispersionMeasure = c(NA,
NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, "2", "2", "2", "2", "2",
"2", "2", "2", "2", "2", "2", "2.5", "2.5", "2.5", "2.5", "2.5",
"2.5", "2.5", "2.5", "2.5", "2.5", "2.5", "3", "3", "3", "3",
"3", "3", "3", "3", "3", "3", "3", "3.5", "3.5", "3.5", "3.5",
"3.5", "3.5"), df = c(23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23,
23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23,
23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23,
23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23), t.value = c(-1.96240490816673,
-1.91062435558061, -1.88913858576971, -1.50889838134833, -0.584414818091524,
-1.96240490816673, -1.91062435558061, -1.88913858576971, -1.50889838134833,
-0.584414818091524, -2.01035512741752, -2.32446732021548, -2.32446732021548,
-2.25138730178018, -1.75805360848308, -0.671509667928522, -2.32446732021548,
-2.32446732021548, -2.25138730178018, -1.75805360848308, -0.671509667928522,
-2.32446732021548, -2.07781942947361, -2.04327207374561, -1.96398718960439,
-1.45016152484876, -0.43329653628318, -2.07781942947361, -2.04327207374561,
-1.96398718960439, -1.45016152484876, -0.43329653628318, -2.07781942947361,
-3.1795493150037, -3.14621983607465, -3.03987566457514, -2.35519486220697,
-1.34118074962509, -3.1795493150037, -3.14621983607465, -3.03987566457514,
-2.35519486220697, -1.34118074962509, -3.19618807311348, -3.37575126770368,
-3.33582114002809, -3.25737102188504, -2.65364122964845, -1.74520405186558,
-3.37575126770368), p.value = c(0.0619242560601778, 0.0685974542038329,
0.0715464534237802, 0.14494031195569, 0.564630276572904, 0.0619242560601778,
0.0685974542038329, 0.0715464534237802, 0.14494031195569, 0.564630276572904,
0.056262190757649, 0.0292871811194525, 0.0292871811194525, 0.0342153500184824,
0.0920408256371383, 0.508584931329577, 0.0292871811194525, 0.0292871811194525,
0.0342153500184824, 0.0920408256371383, 0.508584931329577, 0.0292871811194525,
0.049074641173751, 0.0526459198825374, 0.0617296734199745, 0.160514579425126,
0.668835951230964, 0.049074641173751, 0.0526459198825374, 0.0617296734199745,
0.160514579425126, 0.668835951230964, 0.049074641173751, 0.00417775230313281,
0.00452298394363368, 0.00581820793330847, 0.0274164539383892,
0.192956766873482, 0.00417775230313281, 0.00452298394363368,
0.00581820793330847, 0.0274164539383892, 0.192956766873482, 0.00401507276581307,
0.00260719926285416, 0.00287129534969705, 0.00346795018735445,
0.0141919615636613, 0.0942977424474807, 0.00260719926285416),
    estimate = c(-0.797956867083461, -0.776801900236937, -0.7455698051489,
    -0.444049984838546, -0.10530217843728, -0.797956867083461,
    -0.776801900236937, -0.7455698051489, -0.444049984838546,
    -0.10530217843728, -0.820469748450972, -0.251308805770323,
    -0.251308805770323, -0.251096848307402, -0.226028966303428,
    -0.134612249858047, -0.251308805770323, -0.251308805770323,
    -0.251096848307402, -0.226028966303428, -0.134612249858047,
    -0.251308805770323, -0.265907227757688, -0.261504591915461,
    -0.260164781545852, -0.225524157517464, -0.10176195202019,
    -0.265907227757688, -0.261504591915461, -0.260164781545852,
    -0.225524157517464, -0.10176195202019, -0.265907227757688,
    -0.409969137221152, -0.405618224033153, -0.409494543344045,
    -0.387356945276789, -0.329354185640372, -0.409969137221152,
    -0.405618224033153, -0.409494543344045, -0.387356945276789,
    -0.329354185640372, -0.422572659021681, -0.506062313897924,
    -0.501186805248218, -0.510763602114717, -0.498830153358464,
    -0.447892133899374, -0.506062313897924)), row.names = c("df",
"df1", "df2", "df3", "df4", "df5", "df6", "df7", "df8", "df9",
"df10", "df11", "df12", "df13", "df14", "df15", "df16", "df17",
"df18", "df19", "df20", "df21", "df22", "df23", "df24", "df25",
"df26", "df27", "df28", "df29", "df30", "df31", "df32", "df33",
"df34", "df35", "df36", "df37", "df38", "df39", "df40", "df41",
"df42", "df43", "df44", "df45", "df46", "df47", "df48", "df49"
), class = "data.frame")

#execute function
multiverse.p.histogram(df_multiverse, df_multiverse$p.value)

There are two problems with the code:
The alpha does not display next to the line, but on the line and I had to specify y = 75 manually. Ideally, it should always be shortly underneath the upper border. Finally, I can´t get the text size of the alpha to decrease. I tried nudge_x, but that produces the following error: Warnmeldungen:
1: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_bar).
2: Removed 264 rows containing missing values (geom_text).
Does anyone have suggestions?
Thanks already!
Edit:
Based on the answers, here is my updated code:
multiverse.p.histogram <- function(dataframe, pvalues, alpha = 0.05){

  ggplot(dataframe, aes(x = p.value)) +
    geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.01, color = "black", fill = "dodgerblue") + #plots the histogram
    geom_density(alpha = 0.5, fill = "#FF6666") + #adds densityplot
    geom_vline(xintercept = alpha, color = "red", linetype = "dashed") + #adds alpha line
    geom_text(x = alpha, hjust = -0.5, #adds alpha symbol next to line
              y = Inf,
              label = expression(paste(alpha)),
              color = "red", check_overlap = TRUE,
              vjust = "inward") +
    ggtitle("Histogram of Multiverse P-Values") +
    xlab("p-value") +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(axis.text = element_text(color = "black"),
          axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"),
          legend.position = "none",
          panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
          panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
          panel.border = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank())
}

A: Here's a few tweaks to your function that may help:

*

*Find out where the approximate upper limit of your plot will be by using the base R hist function. Use this as the position for alpha, then set the upper y limit as a small multiple of that to ensure everything fits nicely.

*You only need a single alpha label, so don't map the text to an aesthetic. You can use x and y positions directly.

*Use hjust to adjust your text position.

*It makes your code easier to read and debug if you arrange the plot code so it all fits neatly across a single screen and is in a predictable order (I like ggplot then geoms then scales then lims, then labels then themes, but whatever order works best for you, stick to a consistent scheme.

multiverse.p.histogram <- function(dataframe, pvalues, alpha = 0.05)
{
  upper <- max(hist(dataframe$p.value, breaks = seq(0, 1, 0.01))$counts)
  ggplot(dataframe, aes(x = p.value)) +
    geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.01, color = "black", fill = "dodgerblue") +
    geom_density(alpha = 0.5, fill = "#FF6666") +
    geom_vline(xintercept = alpha, color = "red", linetype = "dashed") +
    geom_text(x = alpha, hjust = -0.25,
              y = upper,
              label = "Alpha",
              color = "red", check_overlap = TRUE) +
    coord_cartesian(xlim = c(0, 1)) +
    xlim(-0.01, 1) +
    ylim(0, upper * 1.1) +
    ggtitle("Histogram of Multiverse P-Values") +
    xlab("p-value") +
    theme_bw() +
    theme(axis.text = element_text(color = "black"),
          axis.line = element_line(colour = "black"),
          legend.position = "none",
          panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
          panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
          panel.border = element_blank(),
          panel.background = element_blank())
}


text:
FireFox Gold Reports Results From Surface Exploration At Ylöjärvi Project Including Gold Assays Up To 7.35 G/T
VANCOUVER, BC – (December 6, 2017) – FireFox Gold Corp. ("FireFox" or the "Company") is pleased to report results from its maiden exploration program at its 100%-controlled Ylo ja rvi Gold Project ("Ylo ja rvi" or the "Project") in Southern Finland. The Project is located in the Tampere Schist Belt, a well known historical and active gold mining belt. The 107 km2 (10,700 ha) Ylo ja rvi property covers almost half of this very prospective belt and shares its western boundary with the historic Haveri Gold Mine property. The currently operating Orivesi Gold mine, (owned by Dragon Mining), lies approximately 30km to the east and to date has produced more than 500,000 oz of gold.
FireFox initiated a limited exploration program at Ylo ja rvi in June 2017 that focused on geological mapping, prospecting, sampling and geophysics. Field crews targeted five areas where historic work had encountered high-grade gold in boulders, outcrop, or drilling.
Results were very promising and FireFox geologists identified new multi-element anomalies that extended the Oks gold trend by more than 1,000 metres. Rock outcrop is scarce on the property due to glacial overburden, nevertheless, one rock sample taken from outcrop returned 7.35 g/t Au. Seven rock samples exceeded 1 g/t Au, five of which were taken from local boulders, and the remaining two were sampled from outcrops.
Geophysical surveys also identified several areas with strong indications of sulfide mineralization at depth. The Company intends to follow up this successful initial program with detailed till sampling, mapping, and sampling in several areas.
Carl Lo fberg, CEO of FireFox, commented on the first technical result from the newly launched company, "Our field teams moved quickly to initiate work at Ylöjärvi. It was a modest program, but we are very pleased to have extended several of the historical anomalies and provided focus in multiple areas that could lead to drilling sooner than we had expected. We are also excited by the preliminary indications from our geophysics, suggesting the need for follow-up over large areas at our Harhala and Paronen targets."
About the Ylöjärvi Project
The Ylo ja rvi Project is comprised of two large granted exploration reservations as well as a smaller exploration permit application, covering approximately 10,700 ha of the prospective volcano-sedimentary Tampere Schist Belt. The Company is currently targeting five key areas on the Project that have strong similarities in geochemistry, alteration and structural geology to the nearby historic and operating gold mines, particularly the Orivesi Mine. Gold in the area is usually associated with pyrite or arsenopyrite and hosted by quartz veins in altered volcanic rocks or shear zones in granodiorite. The prospectivity of the Project is supported by the presence of 85 glacial boulders on the property containing greater than 1 g/t Au, as well as strong gold anomalies in till samples, as reported in the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) database.
Summary of the 2017 Field Program
The 2017 program focused on five target areas: Harhala, Lava, Kivija rvi, Paronen, and Oks. The work program included: geological mapping, prospecting with rock and boulder sampling, soil and till sampling, and self-potential (SP) surveys. Altogether, the geologists and field teams collected over 140 samples and 40 line-kilometres of SP geophysics. The Oks and Harhala targets returned the most promising results to date.
The Oks target hosts a gold-bearing altered quartz-sericite-pyrite schist that typically measures 50-to-150 metres wide and is now traced over a strike length of approximately 2.7 kilometres. Previously, narrow zones of high-grade gold were encountered in limited trenching and drilling on the Oks zone by the GTK and other companies, including Oy Lohja Ab, Outokumpu Oy, Oy SES Finland Ltd, and Polar Mining Oy. FireFox geologists identified new multielement anomalies that extended the Oks gold trend by more than 1,000 metres. The sampling included two rock chip from outcrops that contained 7.35 g/t and 1.84 g/t Au, respectively.
Using portable Cobra drills for sampling deep glacial till, the FireFox team identified anomalous gold as well as associated silver, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and lead. Company geologists will return to the Oks Target to conduct additional structural geology analysis, mapping, and basal till sampling before proposing targets for diamond core drilling.
The Harhala Target lies approximately 10 kilometres west of Oks, near the historic Haveri Mine. The GTK database includes a historic boulder sample containing 31 g/t Au taken from Harhala, as well as two outcrop samples that yielded 9.2 and 23.0 g/t Au. The detailed FireFox SP survey outlined a conductive anomaly covering approximately 0.5 km2. In the same area, geologists discovered two new glacial boulders assaying 0.4 and 1.9 g/t Au. The team is planning to return to Harhala to advance these initial favorable findings.
FireFox geologists have conducted the sampling reported in this news release according to standard industry practice and with due attention to quality assurance and quality control. ALS Laboratories, a leading international provider of assay and analytical data to the mining industry, provided the assay and geochemical data presented in this news release. In addition to many local accreditations, ALS operates globally to ISO 17025 standards.
Dr. Petri Peltonen, Exploration Manager of FireFox Gold, is a qualified person as defined by National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. Dr. Peltonen has supervised the collection and interpretation of the technical data generated in the Company's 2017 field program at the Ylöjärvi Project and has helped prepare and approve the technical information in this news release. Patrick Highsmith, Certified Professional Geologist (AIPG CPG # 11702) and director of the Company, is a qualified person as defined by National Instrument 43-101. Mr. Highsmith has helped prepare and approve the technical information in this news release.
FireFox is a new non-listed reporting issuer in British Columbia and Alberta focused entirely on gold exploration in Finland. The Company has entered into an option agreement with Magnus Minerals Ltd., ("Magnus") a highly-experienced private prospect generator company in Finland that continues to provide project management and technical expertise to the Company. The Company has an option to acquire 100% interest (subject to a NSR royalty) in the Riikonkoski, Ylo ja rvi and Jeesio Projects that currently encompass approximately 60,000 hectares. All three projects are in important gold belts, and collectively have prior exploration expenditures in excess of $5 million.
Finland is one of the top mining jurisdictions in the world as indicated by its 5th ranking in the 2016 Fraser Institute Survey of Mining Companies. Having a strong mining law and long mining tradition, Finland remains underexplored for gold. Recent exploration results in the country have highlighted its prospectivity, and FireFox is proud to have a Finland based CEO and technical team.
"Carl Lo fberg"
Forward Looking Statements: The information in this news release contains forward looking statements that are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in our forward looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include: changes in world commodity markets, equity markets, costs and supply of materials relevant to the mining industry, change in government and changes to regulations affecting the mining industry. Forward-looking statements in this release may include statements regarding future exploration programs and the timing thereof including maiden drill targets, operation plans and Finnish mining prospects. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our forward looking statements are reasonable, results may vary. The forward-looking statements contained in this press release represent the expectations of FireFox as of the date of this press release and, accordingly, are subject to change after such date. Readers should not place undue importance on forward-looking statements and should not rely upon this information as of any other date. FireFox does not undertake to update this information at any particular time except as required in accordance with applicable laws.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


THURSDAY, Sept. 3, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- Prior research has suggested that weight-loss surgery might help people rid themselves of type 2 diabetes, and a new study finds that the effect might be long-lasting.
"This is a very important study because it's the first randomized trial comparing bariatric surgery to medical treatment of diabetes with five years of follow-up," said Dr. Philip Schauer, who directs the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute at the Cleveland Clinic.
And regardless of whether or not their diabetes went into full remission, patients who underwent surgery still tended to have lower blood sugar levels than those treated with drugs, the researchers reported Sept. 3 in The Lancet.
"The ability of surgery to greatly reduce the need for insulin and other [diabetes] drugs suggests that surgical therapy is a cost-effective approach to treating type 2 diabetes," Rubino said in a news release from the college, where he is chair of bariatric and metabolic surgery.
The new study backs up findings from previous research. For example, a study published in July in JAMA Surgery, of 61 obese people with type 2 diabetes, found that weight-loss surgery was better at keeping the disease at bay compared to diet and exercise alone.
And in 2014, another study from King's College London, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, found that obese people who underwent the surgery had a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
The researchers noted that while people in the bariatric surgery groups lost more weight than people treated with drug therapy, weight loss alone didn't predict whether or not diabetes would recede. That suggests that the benefits of surgery in curbing type 2 diabetes may rely on more than just shedding excess pounds, the British team said.
The two methods of weight-loss surgery included in the study were gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion. According to the study authors, the former involves a shrinking of the size of the stomach and a rerouting of part of the small intestine, while the latter involves a more extensive intestinal bypass.
There were pros and cons to each method, the team found: More people saw their diabetes go into remission with biliopancreatic diversion, but patients who got gastric bypass had fewer nutritional side effects and had better quality of life overall.
In assessing the effectiveness of surgical and drug therapy, the British team looked at outcomes such as blood sugar control, the need for diabetes and heart medications, cholesterol levels, complications from diabetes or the bariatric surgery, and overall quality of life.
The researchers stressed that this was a relatively small trial and a much larger trial is warranted before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Nevertheless, the trial "shows that surgery is quite durable in the long term -- for at least five years," Schauer said. "And, that the procedure is relatively safe with a very low complication rate."
However, like any invasive procedure, weight-loss surgery comes with risks and recovery time, and it can be expensive. The cost of weight-loss surgery varies, but the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) estimates the cost is generally between $20,000 and $25,000. Insurance coverage for the procedure depends on the insurance company.
Schauer hopes the new findings might help widen access to the surgeries.
"Physicians should strongly consider surgery as an important option for long-term control of diabetes," he said. "In addition, insurance companies and third-party payers should consider reviewing the coverage of bariatric surgery in their standard insurance policy."
The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about weight-loss surgery.


Probably one of the much more practical suggestions that a person can put and have into usage is to take stock of the numerous locations of their residence and make note of the edge rooms that are readily available to use by installation of a corner closet. These devices which are readily available in a wide variety of styles and types are an excellent way to make use of room that has actually been generally wasted, and put it into impact for either sensible or ornamental functions, depending on precisely where the edge is and what one's purpose might be.
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As prospective buyers started bidding on a cache of 49 rifles, shotguns, revolvers, and air guns at Steve Hett's estate sale Saturday, none knew that there was one gun they had no chance of getting.
Hett, who died in April, had a collection of outdoor gear and taxidermy so vast that it needed its own auctioneer for nearly five hours, while another sold everything else at his farm northwest of Florence.
Philadelphia physician Jason Sagerman wasn't there, but he registered an open bid for a semiautomatic Browning BAR Mark II Safari 270 rifle. The rifle held sentimental value and was squarely in his sights. After others dropped out when the bid hit $1,000, the rifle was his.
Sagerman made one of those memories in 2001, on the first of what would become annual hunting trips to Hett's farm.
Shortly after dark, about two hours after Sagerman and others arrived, Hett spotted headlights and activity in a field below his house. He took Sagerman with him to check things out.
Sagerman returned year after year, bringing others with him.
In those trips, the Browning rifle figured prominently.
A Mossberg S51-M .22-caliber rifle, produced around 1942, unexpectedly became Aaron Hett's.
Hett didn't bid on the gun until he saw his father drop out.
Most of the bidders appeared to have some connection with Steve, Aaron Hett said.
When it came time to sell all manner of stuffed game animals, hides, and dozens of deer skulls with antlers, out-of-town collectors drove bidding sky high.
Pairs of deer skulls went for as much as $40. A pheasant sold for $130. Bobcats went for $170 and up. A mountain lion, shot by Scott O'Dell on a Hett-guided hunting trip, drew $2,600 from an out-of-town collector.
It took three weeks to prepare for the sale, and 25 family members and friends showed up at 4:30 a.m. Saturday to move everything into position. Working with former Marion High School classmate and auctioneer Chuck Maggard made a tough day go easier, Schafers said.
Maggard wasn't surprised by the large turnout.
With two auctioneers selling items quickly throughout the day, Schafers couldn't begin to keep up with everything.


Last month I announced that my new Crafts by Amanda craft kits were officially available! if you follow along you know that I've been working on a few different craft kits this year. The Monsters, Aliens, and Robots kit includes three adorable crafts that kids can choose from. If you know a teacher, camp director, scout troop leader or even someone working with the elderly and therapy, these kits are perfect for them.
Make a cute and colorful alien spaceship that kids can decorate however they like. Or maybe they would prefer the one-eyed monster or fun robot. Any of these are perfect for Halloween or any time of year. Each kit comes complete with everything you need! All you have to do is open the box and let crafters choose which one they would like to make. There's enough for 72 projects total, 24 of EACH project. Each project comes out to less than $1.00 each.
So next time you have a group event please consider these kits. I know that a lot of my readers work with the elderly and are always looking for easy projects for senior citizens in therapy. These are a great option, especially for large groups in senior or assisted living. Parnets, next time you talk to your child's summer camp director or after school coordinator, be sure to pass these along!
Go here for the Monsters, Aliens and Robots kit or you can see all my craft kits here.
I think my boys would love to make those silly crafts!


Fire up the Flaming Unicorn, the Maker Faire is almost here!
This WeeBot is a love machine!
Here is a recently finished, special edition WeeBot. He is fresh off the production line, specially made for a "fresh off the production line human baby bot" named Gus. When Gus is old enough to recognize letters, he will discover his own initials programmed onto this guys control panel!
Tomorrow is the Brooklyn Renegade Craft Fair and SuperCat will be there. That is all.


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Sahithi Atluri
Sahithi enjoys giving back and making an impact in the community. She currently serves as CEO, Co-Founder, and is on the Board of Directors of CARE.
Sahithi is currently a rising freshman at Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology.
She graduated from the Nysmith School in 2020, where she was actively involved with the Student Council Association, the National Junior Honor Society, Theatre, Debate, Model United Nations, Nysmith's literary magazine, and Study Buddies throughout the years.
Sahithi is also passionate about Girl Scouts, figure skating, art, running, dance, and music.
Sreya Atluri
Sreya has always been drawn to the idea of making a difference in the community, and is the Founder and on the Board of Directors of CARE.
She was a Robertson Scholar at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill / Duke University where she double majored in Business Administration and Economics with a minor in Entrepreneurship. Sreya graduated Phi Beta Kappa, Beta Gamma Sigma, and Omicron Delta Epsilon with Highest Distinction, in addition to being recognized as a GLOBE and Coca-Cola Scholar. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology in 2015 and the Nysmith School in 2011.
Sreya is currently an Investment Banking Analyst at Goldman Sachs in New York City.
And Expanding!
© 2020 by CARE.
wearecareworldwide@gmail.com
Washington D.C. Metro Area |


I feel like before we get into this we should all just take a moment of silence to appreciate Phô.
I'm pretty much a complete rookie when it comes to Asian cuisines, but that doesn't stop me from being fascinated with them. That being said, I had never had Phô before I made it. I just don't go to a lot of places where it's an option, you know. But I've always loved the idea of it. Probably stems back to how absolutely delicious food looks in Miyazaki films. I don't know what that soup they eat in Ponyo is called, but mark my words, I'll be making it.
Now, because Phô is Vietnamese, the flavor profile is different than their neighbors in Japan. The spices used in this delicious broth are more closely linked to India, from what I can tell. (Cinnamon, cardamom, ginger and such). And all I can tell you is that when those spices are roasted and boiled with beef bones, they sing the song of their people. It is a beautiful song.
Gluten free rice noodles, even specifically Phô noodles, are pretty easy to come by. So grab a pack of noodles and a couple pounds of bones, because this is the soup you're looking for.
Begin by rinsing the bones very thoroughly. Slice the ginger and onion in half and put them on a sheet pan with the bones.
Throw everything on that sheet pan in a dutch oven along with the spices, anchovy paste, soy sauce and 1 tablespoon of sugar. Pour in a gallon of water.
I just put them in the pan loose because I figured I'm going to have to fish out all the bones and ginger and other unsightly things anyway, but if you'd like to tie them in a little square of cheese cloth, feel free to. (You'll also notice that I used GROUND coriander and anise SEEDS and you're not really supposed to. What can I say? Improv).
Salt and pepper the chuck, rub both sides with some olive oil and brown it in a hot skillet, about 4 minutes each side. Then pop that baby in the oven at 300 degrees for 1 1/2 hours. Turn off the oven and leave the chuck roast in for another hour. Then take it out of the oven and let it rest.
Now our broth and meat should have caught up to each other. Remove the spices, bones, ginger and everything that's not liquid from the broth. Using a fine-mesh strainer will help with this. Taste it and see if it needs more salt or sugar, but be wary in adding more spice. If it tastes a little fatty to you, you can refrigerate it and skim the fat that solidifies at the top.
Last step, slice the chuck roast very thinly and add noodles to the broth. Rice noodles only need about a minute to cook, so serve up the soup right away before they get overdone or gelatinous.
Top your bowl to your liking and enjoy!
Psst! Go for the sriracha.


We in the Quad Cities know all about bridges that take a bite out of semi-trucks. Get this story: a bunch of luxury cars being transported on a tow truck were damaged after the driver drove under a low bridge in Scotland, ripping off the hoods of a Range Rover and Jaguar.
The driver reportedly couldn't stop in time before heading under the bridge and is now being treated for shock after causing around $350,000 in damages. The cars damaged include three Range Rovers and a Jaguar F-Pace, all valued at almost $100,000 dollars.Read the full story HERE.


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Schulze se poate referi la următorii autori care au denumit cel puțin o specie:

 Carl Theodor Maximilian Schulze
 Erwin Schulze
 Franz Eilhard Schulze
 J.D. Schulze
 Georg Martin Schulze
 Paul Schulze

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I'm stumped. With my iPod, I simply drag and drop the music I want to take with me from my library onto the iPod on the left side of iTunes, but my Apple iPhone doesn't allow me to do that. How the heck do I put songs on the iPhone without synchronizing my entire (massive) music library?
iTunes is a good tool which is officially developed by Apple, it is used to play, download, and organize digital downloads of music and video on our computer running the macOS and Microsoft Windows systems. Many of iPhone users like to download fantastic songs with different types from iTunes Store, they are fascinated to create more and more music collection to enjoy or share it with other friends. But perhaps we don't know how to transfer songs from my iPhone to iTunes easily, therefore, this article will tell you the efficient way. Just give it a try when needed.
2. Navigate to the Store menu and select the Authorize This Computer option. Authorizing your computer means that the computer you are on will be permitted to access and use your Apple ID.
3. Then you need to log in with your Apple ID and password, then click on the Authorize button to complete the authorization process.
4. Connect your iPhone to your computer with the USB cable, after that, select File menu>Devices, choose Transfer Purchases from iPhone to complete the process.
Although iTunes is great tool for iPhone users, as you could see, there are so many flows on iTunes, or iTunes is a little difficult to use for some users, meanwhile, there are also some kinds of files that you could not manage with iTunes easily, perhaps you need to find an iTunes alternative, and now we suggest you use a free iPhone data manager - EaseUS MobiMover Free, which allows you to transfer, add, create, edit and delete all kinds of files on iPhone easily, like transferring files from computer to iPhone or adding contacts on your iPhone. Let's take a look at how to use MobiMover to delete songs in batches on iPhone.


Transform your vacation wardrobe with a gorgeous swimsuit like Norma Kamali's cutout black one-piece and take a deep dip into the pool. Coddle it up with bright, colorful accessories as a huge necklace and a big bracelet and you will be all set to be the looker at the beach. Dare you!
Just in time for the cruise, here comes the Swanky Monokini in navy with vintage matte gold hardware details on the sides. This amazing cut-out swimsuit is just perfect if you dare to be the looker on the beach. I dare you! And for all of you who'd like to be a little more glamourous, just put on in addition this Isis bracelet from our Fashion Accessory section.
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JR Pass Worth It for Roundtrip Tokyo-Kyoto?
Would 21 days JR pass pay off?
7-day pass for Tokyo -> Hakone -> Osaka -> Kyoto -> Tokyo?
What other things may i need other than the JR Pass?
Will the JR Pass pay off?
What travel pass/s would be best for the following itinerary?


Wedding Gift Picture Frames Frame Personalised Scrabble Style Art In 2018 was posted in October 12, 2018 at 5:28 pm. Wedding Gift Picture Frames Frame Personalised Scrabble Style Art In 2018 has viewed by 57 users. Click it and download the Wedding Gift Picture Frames Frame Personalised Scrabble Style Art In 2018.
Picture Frames, Wedding Gift Picture Frames was posted March 29, 2016 at 4:12 am by storybeader.us . More over Wedding Gift Picture Frames has viewed by 4392 visitor.


AllClients Knowledge BaseAllClients Knowledge BaseUsing AllClients AllClients Mobile VersionAdd Home Screen shortcut on Android phones.
Here is how you can add a shortcut to the AllClients Mobile version so that you can access it from your phone's home screen, just like any app.
The following tutorial was made on Galaxy 8, using the standard Android mobile browser. There will be slight variations on the steps based on the version of Android and which browser you are using.
From your phone, go to http://www.allclients.com/m/3/ and log in.
Use the browser's Menu to bring up the menu.
Choose Add to Home screen to save your shortcut on your phone's Home screen.
Press OK and the Shortcut will be created on your Home screen.
Your shortcut to AllClients is now easily accessible on your Android home screen.


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MEDIA ADVISORY: Miss America to Give Science Lesson to Virginia Students … Online
–(BUSINESS WIRE)–K12 Inc. (NYSE: LRN):
Virtual Science Lesson
Camille Schrier, Miss America 2020
Virginia Virtual Academy — Middle School Science Class
Monday, April 20, 2020, 1-2 p.m. EST / Contact Dana Still for a link to the session.
Students at Virginia Virtual Academy attend classes online, and virtual lessons such as this provide the opportunity to connect with one another and celebrate a shared love of learning. Last year, Camille was named Miss Virginia after breaking from tradition to perform the "catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide" as her onstage talent. Her focus on women in STEM has raised awareness about inclusivity in the growing, in-demand career fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Camille graduated with honors from Virginia Tech with dual bachelor of science degrees in biochemistry and systems biology and is currently pursuing a doctoral degree in pharmacy at Virginia Commonwealth University.
About K12
K12 Inc. (NYSE: LRN) helps students of all ages reach their full potential through inspired teaching and personalized learning. The company provides innovative, high-quality online and blended education solutions, curriculum, and programs to students, schools and enterprises in primary, secondary and post-secondary settings. K12 is a premier provider of career readiness education services and a leader in skills training, technology staffing and talent development. The company provides programs which combine traditional high school academics with career technical education through its Destinations Career Academies. Adult learning is delivered through K12's subsidiary, Galvanize, a leader in developing capabilities for individuals and corporations in technical fields such as software engineering and data science. K12 has delivered millions of courses over the past decade and serves students in all 50 states and more than 100 countries. The company is a proud sponsor of the Future of School, a nonprofit organization dedicated to closing the gap between the pace of technology in daily life and the pace of change in education. More information can be found at K12.com, destinationsacademy.com, jobshadowweek.com, and galvanize.com.
Dana Still
dstill@k12.com


Engineers working on London Underground's Victoria Line used sugar to help remove concrete that was accidentally poured over signalling equipment during upgrade work at Victoria Station.
As unlikely as this seems, sugar is actually a well known "retardant" of concrete and is often used to help adjust the setting times, especially in emergencies.
Builders use retardants to slow down the setting of concrete, particularly in warm weather, to make it more "plastic" and give them more time to work with the material.
There are a number of commercially available chemicals that can be used to do this, but common salt and sugars are also effective.
In the case of sugar, the setting process is slowed down because it interferes with the chemical reaction that causes cement to set when water is added.
Concrete is made using cement, which is a combination of crushed and heated limestone, clay and gypsum; aggregate, such as gravel and sand; and water.
Adding water causes a chemical reaction called hydration, where hydrogen from the water combines with calcium, sulphate, aluminium and silicon from the cement.
This releases heat and depending on the proportions of each of these minerals, which hydrate at different rates, can set at varying speeds.
In the case of the Victoria Line incident, construction workers had been using fast setting cement. In some cases these can set solid within a couple of hours.
Sugar, however, is composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms which can interfere with the hydration process by binding with the minerals and slow down the reaction.
There are also some theories that the sugar-metal complexes that form can also create an insoluble layer around the cement grains that impedes the reaction necessary for hardening.
Not all sugars are efficient at this. Glucose, a simple sugar that is mainly formed through the breakdown of starch and is the main component of corn syrup, and lactose, which is found in milk, are considered to be good cement retardants.
Sucrose, which is mainly found in cane and beet sugar available in supermarkets, is probably the most effective cement retardant. This is the sugar that most people will put in their cup of tea or their breakfast cereal.
Depending on the kind of cement being used, even small amounts of sugar can double the amount of time it takes to set.
Tests have shown that adding just 0.04% of cane sugar can cause a cement that normally takes 1 hour 18 minutes to set to increase to one two hours 36 minutes.
At concentrations of more than one per cent in a cement mix, sucrose can delay complete hardening almost indefinitely.
By stirring this into the hardening cement that had spilt into the room containing the signalling equipment for the Victoria Line, workers were able to delay it from hardening.
This then allowed them to shovel out the concrete and get the tube line back into operation.


text:
May 28, 2021 / 7:50 AM / Updated May 28, 2021 at 3:50 PM
NASA administrator Bill Nelson supports $10B boost for moon landing
By Paul Brinkmann
Bill Nelson, NASA Administrator, testifies during his confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on April 21. File Pool Photo by Saul Loeb/UPI | License Photo
ORLANDO, Fla., May 28 (UPI) -- NASA needs about a 40% boost -- $10 billion -- in its budget to foster competition that could aid future astronaut missions to the moon, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said.
The Biden administration is seeking $24.8 billion for NASA in fiscal 2022, which would be a 6.6% increase from 2021, Nelson said during a press conference on Friday. But there's an amendment to the 2021 budget pending in Congress to boost moon landing budgets this year.
The amendment would allow NASA to offer a contract to a second company -- in addition to SpaceX -- to build a spacecraft that would land humans on the moon. Two companies tried to compete with SpaceX to provide the lander -- Washington-based Blue Origin owned by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and Alabama-based Dynetics.
But a lack of funding from Congress prompted NASA to offer such a contract only to SpaceX, for $2.9 billion, on April 16.
RELATED Lockheed, General Motors team up on lunar rover plan
SpaceX's bid was billions less than the other two firms proposed. Dynetics and Blue Origin have filed formal protests with the government's watchdog for such bids, the Government Accountability Office.
"They [some members of Congress] want competition, and so do I," Nelson said in a phone interview Thursday. "I suspect that with this human landing system, that we're going to see more money forthcoming from the Congress in order to have a vigorous competition."
Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., proposed the additional $10 billion, but Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., has formally opposed it with his own amendment reading only: "To eliminate the multibillion-dollar Bezos Bailout."
RELATED Protests over SpaceX contract put timetable for lunar return in limbo
"Competition is always good because at the end of the day, with competition you get the best price, and you get the greatest efficiency," Nelson said.
However, Nelson said he doesn't support the same kind of competition for the rocket that will launch humans from Earth to the moon again -- the SLS.
The massive 212-foot core stage of the rocket was delivered to Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 29, following the expenditure of $17 billion to build it.
Nelson said he considers the construction of SLS by Boeing to be safer than options under development by SpaceX, Blue Origin and other companies due to intense NASA oversight of the process.
During lunar landing missions, SLS would deliver astronauts to lunar orbit and SpaceX's Starship -- or possibly additional spacecraft if approved -- would rendezvous with SLS and take astronauts to the moon's surface.
NASA's plan is for SLS to launch on an uncrewed test flight to the moon by the end of 2021.
"We're going to know shortly" if the SLS is a proven human-rated vehicle, Nelson said.
Asked if he would support the replacement of SLS by a privately built, more efficient moon rocket in the future, Nelson said, "I don't know, I haven't seen one."
SpaceX has flown several test flights of its Starship moon and Mars rocket in Texas. The company intends to fly Starship to the moon as part of the human lander contract, but Starship -- like SLS -- has yet to reach space.
Under the administration of President Joe Biden, NASA will also have a stronger focus on climate change, Nelson said.
During a press conference about the 2022 budget on Friday, Nelson said Biden's budget request contains record-high levels of funding for science, and funding to develop regular astronaut missions to the moon.
"This is a very aggressive forward-leaning budget for NASA," Nelson said on Friday. "The Biden Administration is proving that science is back. The record funding, and the science area, will help NASA address the climate crisis and advance robotic missions that will pave the way for astronauts to explore the moon and Mars."
The agency announced Wednesday it would launch five new Earth observation satellites over the next decade with sophisticated technology to track changes driven by climate change.
"It is going to be significantly more advanced, and it is going to create a 3D picture of all the intricate systems ... oceans, land, the atmosphere and ice, and how all of that interrelates," Nelson said.
NASA's women astronauts -- at least one likely to walk on moon
Jasmin Moghbeli
Moghbeli poses for a portrait in the Systems Engineering Simulator for the International Space Station and advanced spaceflight programs at the Johnson Space Center on July 9, 2019. She will train for the moon mission. Photo by Bill Ingalls/NASA
NASA eyes moon's dark side for astronomy, new telescopes
Science News // 15 hours ago
Parasites, pesticides, climate change linked to loss of honey bee colonies
Jan. 30 (UPI) -- About 43% of honey bee colonies were lost in the span of one year, according to a new study that considered multiple factors that put a crucial part of the ecosystem at risk.
Science News // 4 days ago
NASA discovers gamma-ray eclipses in special 'spider' star systems
Jan. 26 (UPI) -- NASA made a first-of-its-kind discovery with its Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, spotting the first gamma-ray eclipses from a special type of star system.
New artificial intelligence program may speed development of gene therapy
A new artificial intelligence program is poised to enable the simple production of zinc fingers, customizable proteins that can guide DNA repair by directing enzymes to cut faulty segments out of a person's DNA code.
New asteroid expected to make very close pass to Earth this evening
Jan. 26 (UPI) -- Earth is set for a very close shave with a small asteroid Thursday just five days after it was discovered by an amateur astronomer in Crimea, according to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
SpaceX launches 56 more Starlink satellites in heaviest payload yet
Jan. 26 (UPI) -- SpaceX on Thursday morning launched 56 new Starlink Internet satellites into low Earth orbit on a reused Falcon 9 rocket from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
Rocket Lab satellite mission blasts off successfully in first launch from U.S. soil
Jan. 25 (UPI) -- Rocket Lab's launch vehicle successfully delivered three radio commercial satellites into orbit around the earth, 24 hours after its original scheduled launch was aborted due to bad weather.
NASA, DARPA partner for nuclear space rocket test
Jan. 24 (UPI) -- NASA is partnering with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to demonstrate the use of a nuclear thermal rocket engine in space, the two agencies announced in a statement Tuesday.
SpaceX's Starship clears latest hurdle in quest to return to moon
Jan. 24 (UPI) -- The maiden mission of SpaceX's Starship into orbit could come as soon as March following a successful dry launch run, bringing Elon Musk's dream of viable interplanetary travel a step closer.
Science News // 1 week ago
NASA delays Rocket Lab launch in Virginia until Tuesday
Jan. 23 (UPI) -- NASA on Monday scrubbed the Rocket Lab's launch of its Electron rocket from Virginia because of poor weather conditions, moving the possible liftoff to Tuesday.
Astronauts conduct first ISS spacewalk of 2023
Jan. 20 (UPI) -- The International Space Station's power generation system moved closer to getting an upgrade when two astronauts perform the first spacewalk of 2023 on Friday.


Warehouse Startup opportunities are plenty in the current environment especially due to e-commerce explosion.
Warehouses play an important role in Supply Chain Management. Normally ,warehouses are located close to the market. It facilitates faster replenishment of sellers' stock so that it is available when customers want to buy.
The third party logistics service providers offer warehousing facilities as a part of the supply chain. The transport industry has added this activity as a value addition to their business.
A company, producing variety of SKUs ( Stock Keeping Units) may be in one location or may be spread across different locations. The dealers, who sell to end customers, will need a mix of these SKUs. The company cannot dispatch the mixed bag required directly from their factories. The warehouse assembles the dealer orders and dispatches the mixed bag.(Kitting).
Automobile manufacturer follow this model for supplying spare parts by having third party warehouses in different parts of the market.
The capital investment required for most of the warehouse businesses is moderate and hence can be boot strapped. The warehouse will require material handling equipments, bins, IT systems and human resources.
The growth of e-commerce business has given a fillip to warehouse businesses. The e-commerce can supply customers' orders only from warehouses and has thus become a crucial requirement.
This has provided new business opportunities for a startup entrepreneur.
The manufacturer incurs additional costs by having an intermediate storage. This storage helps in reducing stock outs and improves customer satisfaction. The costs of losing a customer is several times both the inventory carrying costs and the service fees paid to the warehouse operator.
The manufacturers expect 100% error free service for the following parameters.
1. The manufacturer gives daily dispatch orders.
The warehouse cleanliness needs to be checked by the warehouse manager, daily and a record should be kept. The Company mangers should pay a surprise visit to the warehouse at least twice a month and record their findings.
The agreement contains the number and the frequency of information reports to be sent to the manufacturer. The measurement should be on the extent of compliance.
70% of the total cost will be fixed and the balance 30 % of variable payment could be linked to all the above performance measures. 15 % should be given to the two critical performance measures.
Proper warehouse management can lead to customer satisfaction and profitability.


The Gold Basin meteorite was unwittingly discovered (and discarded) by gold prospectors in the "Gold Basin" area of the Arizona desert. Hunters looking for gold nuggets would find these "hot rocks" that would set off their metal detectors. Upon seeing this unremarkable rocks that obviously were not gold, they would toss them aside. Later, Professor Jim Kriegh recognized these rocks as meteorites and had them classified. He then spent many years mapping out the strewnfield of this ancient fall and his name is forever associated with this meteorite. It was revealed to be a L4 chondrite.
A meteorite was found in an area of arroyos draining the White Hills by Professor Jim Kriegh (UAz, emeritus) while prospecting for gold with a metal detector. As of 1997 November, 1484 stones have been recovered, with a total mass of 61.0 kg, from an area of ~130 km2. The largest individual stone has a mass of 1.52 kg. Classification and mineralogy (D. Kring, UAz): olivine, Fa24±1; pyroxene Fs20Wo1; kamacite contains 0.72 ± 0.09 wt% Co; weathering grade W2–3. Specimens: UAz, 0.8 kg; SI, 8.4 kg; bulk of the mass with Jim Kriegh and his fellow collectors.


Daytona Beach, Fla--- Tayler Malsam, the #19 G-OIL Toyota and TriStar Motorsports teamed to make NASCAR history here at the DRIVE4COPD 300, the opening race of the 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series.
Malsam parlayed a disciplined race strategy, some deft accident avoidance maneuvers, and great pit work by his Eddie Pardue led TriStar Toyota crew to claim a sixth place finish in the biggest race of the 33 race Nationwide season.
The event marked the first time that bio-based engine oil has been used in NASCAR competition. The G-Oil -Tri Star-Toyota teams combined to be the top Toyota in qualifying and lead laps (#44 Mike Bliss) and be the top finishing Toyota with Malsam's sixth place in the 300 mile, 120-lap event.
"Daytona was a great kick-off for G-OIL," said Jeffrey Loch, President, and CMO of G-OIL parent company Green Earth Technologies, Inc. "We have won races and a championship in American Le Mans Series, and we came here to prove that our bio-based full synthetic G-Oil can perform in NASCAR engines and competition," said Loch.
"It wasn't pretty, but we are all happy," said Malsam. The 23 years-old native of the Seattle area is in his first full season of NASCAR Nationwide Series competition. "We took a very conservative approach and never drafted in practice, in the race, you needed a partner to draft. We helped push two or three different cars after re-starts, but as soon as we moved them up, they dumped us and we would fall down the order. The TriStar crew did a great job and Rick Carpenter (general manager) and Eddie stayed with the game plan and dealt with the damage when we got clipped trying to get through one of the big crashes," said Malsam.
Green Earth Technologies, Inc. (G.E.T.) (OTCBB:GETG.OB) is a "totally green" clean tech company that combines domestically sourced renewable and reusable feed stocks with proprietary technologies molded around the four ideologies of being GREEN: biodegradable, recyclable, renewable and environment safe. Branded as G-OIL®, G-CLEAN® and G-MARINE®, G.E.T. produces a full line of "clean & green" American made environmentally preferred lubricants and cleaning products that allows concerned consumers who care about the environment and American energy independence to do their part without sacrificing value or performance. G.E.T. products are available online at Amazon.com and at a variety of retailers and lube centers, including: The Home Depot, Wal-Mart Stores Inc., Menards, Strauss Auto Stores, Canadian Tire Corporation, Fred Meyer, VIP, National Auto Stores, Lex Brodie's Tire Company, Honest One, Do It Best and participating ACE & True Value dealers. Please visit www.getG.com for the latest news and in depth information about G.E.T and their brands.


"Sensing Electrode Development for Control of Neurotransmitters in Biologic Systems"
"Bio-Inspired microelectronics for improving human health"
Can the Perception of Risk Be Decreased among Caregivers during Anesthesia Delivery?
Can MIMUs positioned on the ankles provide a reliable detection and characterization of U-turns in gait?
Does Reinforcement Learning Outperform PID in the Control of FES Induced Elbow Flex-Extension?
Tutorial 2: Can contrast-enhanced imaging reveal cancer angiogenesis?


Private schools, academies, day schools and college prep schools have a new and surprising communications tool for recruiting and fundraising.
Quality comes at a cost, whether it is for education, products, healthcare, or quality of life. But quality is not an expense. It is a wise investment in today and the future, especially in education. This is a premise of private education, which can show how educational quality can pay off with a lifetime of benefits.
However, those private and independent schools face the reality of up-front costs being a hurdle to parents and students. Effective communications for recruiting, marketing and fundraising is the challenge to show off their campus, curriculum, facilities and faculty in comparison to public schools and in comparison to other private institutions.
BookWear® is different. It is a creative, novel and surprising communications package that works for private schools and for 650 colleges and universities nationally.
Make your message surprising. "Congratulations on Your Acceptance" and "Welcome to Campus" are common themes for private school recruiting with BookWear®. Your text and graphics go on the "book" cover. Inside is a surprise gift. This "book" gets read, opened and remembered with Your Message.
Prospective students get hundreds of messages via digital sources but this one is unique and tangible and makes your campus and logo stand out from the crowd. That's effective communication for prep schools, private and boarding schools.
You can mail BookWear® like a thick postcard (see samples below). Or we'll mail it for you, like the 94,000 pieces we've done for University of Georgia in the last eight years. Imagine a new student receiving a novel package that looks like a book with your message and photos on the cover. There is a compressed T-shirt inside customized with your school's logo. No better advertising exists than hundreds of excited students walking around with your brand on their chests!
Choose from 30 gifts that go inside BookWear®: compressed T-shirt, pillow cases, USB drives, backpacks, etc. These are great student gifts that get customized with your logo. The theme of the book for the title on the front can be student recruiting, fundraising, marketing or special events. Whatever your message, you can design the BookWear® package or we'll design it for you. We'll insert additional materials inside for free if you supply them ready to go.
Drive new students to your website like Lakehill Preparatory School (sample above) with a Pop Quiz that's fun. There's pop corn inside with a pop quiz printed on the bag that directs students to the school's website for the answers. Everybody wins in this interactive game because the student receives a surprise snack and $100 tuition credit for correct answers (submitted on the enclosed postcard) and the prep school directs them to select areas of their website. College preparatory schools, tech schools and charter schools can all benefit from direct and different communications.
The conferences BookWear® exhibits to for private schools are TABS (The Association of Boarding Schools), CASE/NAIS (Council for Advancement and Support of Education and National Association of Independent Schools) and NAIS (National Association of Independent Schools).
Unlike other fundraising and recruiting giveaways for private school students, BookWear® is a tangible and dimensional concept that offers limitless ideas to make novel impression. The cover is customized with your graphics and your unique message. Combined with the element of surprise, BookWear® is a compelling form of communication that cannot go overlooked.
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text:
The price of healing
Locations: News Published Sep. 25, 2019
At age 26, Amanda Seubert decided to sell her house in Denver and move in with her parents near Carbondale so she could dedicate her time and resources to improving her health. In the years she spent focusing on school and beginning her life as an adult her scoliosis had worsened. She now suffered chronic back pain and a general sense of physical unease and it was beginning to affect her daily life. Attending therapy sessions is like a full-time job for Seubert. In addition to traditional physical therapy she does hydro therapy, massage and chiropractic therapies, traction therapy, meditation, acupuncture and prolo injection therapy. Aside from chiropractic and traditional physical therapy sessions, all of the costs are out of pocket. Amanda hopes to be able to continue her rigorous treatment schedule for as long as she can using the money she made from selling her Denver house. Seubert has seen great physical and emotional gains since beginning treatment early last year. "Emotionally it has helped me having that feeling of accomplishment when I see the changes in my body I can say 'I did that, I made that happen' whereas before I always felt helpless to the whims of fate," she says. Doctor Aaron Nickamin injects a proliferative solution deep into Amanda's joints, ligaments, and tendons in order to stimulate her body's natural inflammatory response to heal damaged tissues. Amanda suffered a spinal cord injury during an ATV accident when she was nine-years-old. "What I think is so important about the combination of therapies is that they build off of each other," says Seubert. "When I am doing PT on land I might not be able to isolate a certain muscle because it is so weak but when I do hydrotherapy the buoyancy of the water allows me to get much more precise and so I can focus on strengthening that weak muscle." Seubert with her nephew Kayden Bertram. "I couldn't have done this without my family. Having the opportunity to move back in with my parents so I don't have to pay for room or board has allowed me to invest even more of my time and money on healing. My family is incredible, and their support and love have made me into who I am," says Seubert. Seubert's goals include reaching a point where her strength and mobility have improved enough to where she does not need as much therapy to maintain and improve her health.
Photos by Laurel Smith
Story by Ericka Kelly
The Roaring Fork Valley, as do other affluent regions of Colorado, has a plethora of resources as diverse as its population.
One demographic of individuals who benefit from these resources are individuals who have sustained spinal cord injuries, such as Carbondale native Amanda Seubert. At age 9, Seubert sustained a spinal cord injury which resulted in her partial paralysis.
Seubert currently receives chiropractic treatment, massages, prolotherapy, physical therapy, hydrotherapy, and vibration therapy.
"It's kind of a full time job just getting my body back in order," Seubert said.
While Seubert has insurance through Medicaid, "a lot of these alternative therapies are not covered, but I have a lot of connections in the valley so that has helped a lot, " mentioned Seubert.
One of these connections is through a long-time friend and mentor, Amanda Boxtel, who happens to be one of the co-founders of Challenge Aspen and the executive director of Bridging Bionics.
Bridging Bionics is a nonprofit which receives all of its funding through donations.
"Every person that comes is either there as a total gift for free or next to nothing. Our clients pay at most $500 a year which is cheaper than most memberships a year," said Boxtel.
The Bridging Bionics facility contains a variety of machines such as a Galileo Side Alternating Tilt Table for vibration therapy as well as three Bionic Exoskeletons which, according to Boxtel, " is more than some of the top rehab hospitals in the nation and the world."
Seubert does not have the strength to work with the Bionic exoskeleton, but through the vibration therapy, physical therapy, and hydration therapies, she has been able to strengthen her body and start building muscles which she has been unable to use for nearly 20 years.
"I would like to get to the point to where I can start walking in the exoskeleton because, that would be freaking sweet. I want to have a little robot body." she said.
In addition to her work at Bridging Bionics, Seubert works with Dr. Aaron Nickamin, who runs East Meets West in Basalt. While he offers a variety of holistic treatments, one of the ones which Amanda has benefited from is prolotherapy.
In prolotherapy, according to Dr.Nickamin, "we use a proliferant (defined as "a mildly irritating substance used … to strengthen weakened connective tissues" by the online Medical Dictionary), typically dextrose, to create a healing process." It is administered through a sterile injection into the attachment of the ligament onto the bone and can cause the regeneration of torn and stretched ligaments and tendons.
Through prolotherapy, Seubert says that her "toes are longer and feet aren't as swollen and there's more range of motion; they just more pliable and elastic and they are getting better circulation."
Dr. Nickamin's office is unable to accept health insurance, "it's hard to understand why something that is cost effective and less invasive and has a history is not covered."
Seubert has done therapies on and off since she was nine years old, and while she and her parents have both had insurance they have had to pay, "a lot of stuff out of pocket, not just medical like modifications like to my truck and the house and stuff, so a couple hundred thousand to half a million easy [in expenses], it might even be more."
While the valley offers a lot of medical programs and services for free or at a lower cost than other places, the cost of care can still be very high, especially since most of these life-changing medical services are not covered by most health insurances. With time, resources, and willpower, according to Seubert, "there's not a limit to the healing that a person can achieve if they're willing to work and put in the time and effort, even in 18 years. You can always get back more than they say, I even have a feeling that what we are missing in healing is that we are just not giving enough time in healing and not seeing what the human body is capable of."
Locations: News By Raleigh Burleigh Published Jan. 13, 2021
Demolition and development
Locations: News By Trina Ortega Published Jan. 13, 2021
"This I Remember" tapes return to Carbondale
Locations: News By Geneviève Villamizar Published Jan. 13, 2021
Naturalist Nights


text:
Over Wallop – wieś i civil parish w Anglii, w hrabstwie Hampshire, w dystrykcie Test Valley. Leży 18 km na północny zachód od miasta Winchester i 110 km na zachód od Londynu.

Przypisy

Wsie w hrabstwie Hampshire
Civil parishes w hrabstwie Hampshire


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text:
Hastam is een geslacht van vlinders van de familie van de Houtboorders (Cossidae), uit de onderfamilie van de Hypoptinae. De wetenschappelijke naam en de beschrijving van dit geslacht werden voor het eerst in 2019 gepubliceerd door Roman Viktorovitsj Jakovlev, Artem Naydenov en Fernando Cesar Penco.

Dit geslacht is monotypisch, dat wil zeggen dat het maar één soort heeft namelijk Hastam gracilis Yakovlev, Naydenov & Penco, 2019 uit Brazilië.

Houtboorders


Cheesecake is all about balancing contrasts. Sure, you can make a regular cake, all sugar and sweetness. I'd rather have cheesecake, its sour cream balancing the sweet. And, what if I include the acidity of lemon on top of that in my Instant Pot Lemon Cheesecake?
What's that? Lots of cheesecake recipes have lemon juice in them? I knew that. Why do you think I didn't know that? I'm moving it from bit player to the starring role, with its tart citrus flavor as the key to this recipe.
Prepare the pan: Spray a 7-inch cheesecake pan with nonstick cooking spray. Mix the graham cracker crumbs and melted butter, then spread evenly across the bottom of the pan and pack down, pushing the crumbs up the sides a little.
Make the cheesecake filling: Soften the cream cheese by leaving it out at room temperature for at least 1 hour. (Or soften the cream cheese in the microwave, 30 seconds to 1 minute). Beat the cream cheese in an electric mixer on medium speed until smooth, about 1 minute. Slowly add the sugar and beat on medium speed until the sugar is completely blended, about 3 minutes. Stop the mixer and scrape down the sides. Add the vanilla, sour cream, lemon juice, and lemon zest, and beat on low speed until completely blended, about 1 minute. Stop the mixer again and scrape down the sides. Add the eggs one at a time, beating each on low speed until just blended. (Don't over-beat the eggs.) Pour the filling into the prepared cheesecake pan.
Cool the cheesecake, top with whipped topping, garnish, and serve: Lift the cheesecake out of the pressure cooker. Loosen the cheesecake by running a paring knife around the edge of the pan. Cool the pan at room temperature for an hour, then refrigerate for at least 4 hours, preferably overnight. Top with whipped topping and twists of lemon peel as a garnish.
I don't cover my cheesecake with foil while cooking. I used to, but I stopped when I realized how much it slows down cooking. (The center would never set.) I use a paper towel to dab at any water on top of the cheesecake after cooking.


This article provides step-by-step instructions for applying basic password protection to your website. Password protection is activated by creating a .htaccess file in your Web directory. This file defines the name people use to log in to your website. The corresponding password is created separately by running the htpasswd command. If need be, you can extend this technique to use more than one name and password. The necessary instructions are included below.
Replace "Town of Bedrock" with your choice of text. This text is displayed when users are prompted for a name and password. Use something short that describes your password protected website. If you use multiple words with spaces between them, make sure to surround them in quotes.
Replace "fred" with the name (all lowercase) you want to use.
"fred" represents the username you set up in step 8. Once you enter this command, you will be prompted to enter and confirm "fred's" password.
Tip: If you get a "command not found" error message, you are probably not on the Web Development Environment. You should start these instructions over, paying special attention to steps 1-3.
Substitute "barney" appropriately and repeat for each name you added.
If you have more than a few names, it might be easier to maintain them using Basic Group Password Protection.


BRSH Collective toothbrushes are 100% sustainable, 100% biodegradable and are 100% awesome. Plastic toothbrushes are incredibly destroying to our planet, not only in the manufacture of them but also in the disposal too! This is why BRSH are such a great idea, they can be used as you would normal but once they are finished, you can burn them, bury them, whatever! Grab yourself a BRSH toothbrush and make your #twiceaday a little more brilliant.


As your character grows more powerful, you will see them gain new skills and abilities to complement the superior gear they acquire.
Channeling the power of the Force to give them strength in combat and clarity in diplomacy, Jedi Consulars (http://www.swtor.com/info/holonet/classes/jedi-consular) are respected for their leadership on the battlefield as well as their evenhanded demeanor at the negotiating table. While many devote themselves to uncovering the ancient secrets of the Jedi and use their command of the Force to defend and protect their allies, others use the Force as a means of slipping into the shadows and becoming powerful servants for the Republic.


Clear is owned by Verified Identity Pass, Inc. a privately held company. It started in 2003 with a simple mission: "to help eliminate the inefficient security bottlenecks with risk management". (Clear, 2009) The company's CEO is Steven Brill of Court TV fame.
Clear is "Your fast pass through airport security".
Clear is an innovative Registered Traveler Program which stores basic biometric information on a micro-chip, that is embedded in a personal security card, allowing members to bypass the long lines at airport security. According to Clear's web site, holding an annual membership can expedite time spent in airport security 30% faster than other passengers. Clear is located in more than 20 airports throughout the U.S. with annual memberships starting at $199.


text:
Q: Regex Select Different Email Formats in HTML I'm new to Regex and currently writing a Scrapy crawler to collect e-mail addresses.
I want to be able to select different formats of e-mails when I crawl. Right now I just find anything with an @ sign - but want to be a little bit smarter.
How do I select e-mails with the following formats?

*

*info@example.com

*info [at] example [dot] com

*info at example.com info

*info at example dot com

Here is what I currently have:
item['mail'] = hxs.select('//body//text()').re(r'[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+')

A: This is the best I can come up with, but I really don't know if it  is going to work for you unless you provide more examples.
With the current examples in your question, it works. If you don't care about email addresses that are more complex than that, then this should be fine for you.
[\w.-]+ ?(?:@|\[?at]?) ?[\w.-]+(?: ?\[?dot]? ?[\w.-]+)?

So what did I do here?
I put in an alternation at the @ symbol so that it can either accept [at] or at by using optional spaces and brackets with the lazy quantifier: ?
 ?(?:@|\[?at]?) ?
^              ^
   lazy spaces

I did similar towards the end of the expression, but I made the entire non-capturing group optional, since it would mess with the first couple lines in your example emails otherwise.
https://regex101.com/r/aC4kW3/1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
LG Accolade VX5600 - grey (Verizon Wireless) review: LG Accolade VX5600 - grey (Verizon Wireless)
Kent German
March 16, 2010 4:22 a.m. PT
LG Accolade VX5600 - grey (Verizon Wireless)
(Part #: Accolade)
Where to Buy See All
$77.09 Amazon
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Compare These
The Good The LG Accolade is well made and offers agreeable performance. The feature set is functional.
The Bad The LG Accolade doesn't record video and photo quality is unremarkable. Speakerphone quality is a bit distorted.
The Bottom Line The LG Accolade isn't the best camera phone, but it succeeds where a cell phone should.
LG Forum
In their long history together, LG and Verizon Wireless have given us more than their share of quality handsets. From high-end handsets like the LG Chocolate Touch to simple models like the VX5400, we've been mostly pleased with what we've seen. The new LG Accolade VX5600 is closer to the latter, but it also meets with our approval. It's not our pick for a camera phone, but it has an easy-to-use design, good performance, and a feature set that focuses on the essentials. And at $50 with service, or free online with an additional discount, it's fairly priced. Even if you pay the full price of $199, it's still a good buy.
LG Accolade photos
The Accolade has a common flip phone design that doesn't make an effort to stand out. The minimalist blue-gray color scheme is broken only by a mirrored plate on the top of the front flap. The mirror catches the light and serves as a rudimentary compact, but it's also a magnet for fingerprints and smudges.
The external display sits in the middle of the mirrored section. Though it's a bit smaller than we'd prefer (1.04 inches), it has a decent resolution (96x64 pixels; 65,000 colors). Besides displaying the date, time, battery life, signal strength, and photo caller ID, it also works as a viewfinder for self portraits. You can change the backlight time and clock style. The camera lens sits above the display, and the Accolade does not have a camera flash.
The left spine has the majority of external controls. You'll find a 2.5mm headset jack, the volume rocker, a voice-dialing control, and a micro-USB port for the charger and USB cable. Over on the left spine there's just a camera shutter. The Accolade's skin is plastic, but it has a relatively sturdy feel and the hinge is stiff. It's also compact (3.56 inches long by 1.83 inches wide by 0.72 inch deep) and portable (3 ounces).
The internal display is also a bit small for the phone's size (1.76 inches), but like its external sibling, it has a rich resolution (220x176 pixels) and vibrant colors (262,000 hues). Graphics and photos look good and we could navigate the menus easily. You can choose from three menu designs (list, tabs, and icons) and you can customize some menu choices. Other customization options include banners, wallpaper, display themes, the font type, and font size.
The navigation array is spacious and comfortable. You'll find a four-way toggle with a central OK button, two soft keys, a dedicated speakerphone control (nice), a clear button, and the Talk and End/power keys. All controls are slightly raised, so we were able to use them by feel. The keypad buttons are spacious as well, and we appreciated the large backlit numbers (an LG trademark). The letters on the keys are smaller, but most users shouldn't have a problem. We could dial and text quickly without making mistakes.
The Accolade has a 1,000-contact phone book with room in each entry for five phone numbers, two e-mail addresses, a street address, an IM screen name, and notes. You can save callers to groups and pair individual contacts with a photo and one of 25 polyphonic ringtones. Other basics include text and multimedia messaging, a calculator, a tip calculator, a calendar, a to-do list, an alarm clock, a stopwatch, a speakerphone, a world clock, and a notepad.
Beyond the essentials, the Accolade offers a functional assortment of features. You get Bluetooth, speaker-independent voice commands and dialing, a universal search feature, direct access to Bing Mobile (Microsoft sure has its fingers in lots of pies), support for VZ Navigator and Verizon's Family Locater, Web-based POP3 e-mail, an airplane mode, USB mass storage, and PC syncing. You also can set the phone to read out numbers as you type the on the keypad.
The Accolade doesn't have a flash.
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Discuss LG Accolade VX5600 - grey (Verizon...
Discuss: LG Accolade VX5600 - grey (Verizon Wireless) review: LG Accolade VX5600 - grey (Verizon Wireless)


The Formatt 3 x 3" Graduated Golden Sepia 1 Filter is one of the most widely used category of filters. It enhances reality, adding a touch of subtlety or drama to the image.
Produces a golden tobacco type color. Golden Sepia is often used as a naturalizing color for landscapes.


text:
One effect to rule them all? Our reply to Buhaug et al's climate and conflict commentary
For many years there has been a heated debate about the empirical link between climate and conflict. A year ago, Marshall, Ted Miguel and I published a paper in Science where we reviewed existing quantitative research on this question, reanalyzed numerous studies, synthesized results into generalizable concepts, and conducted a meta-analysis of parameter estimates (watch Ted's TED talk). At the time, many researchers laid out criticism in the press and blogosphere, which Marshall fielded through G-FEED. In March, Halvard Buhaug posted a comment signed by 26 authors on his website strongly critiquing our analysis, essentially claiming that they had overturned our analysis by replicating it using an unbiased selection of studies and variables. At the time, I explained numerous errors in the comment here on G-FEED.
The comment by Buhaug et al. was published today in Climatic Change as a commentary (version here), essentially unchanged from the version posted earlier with none of the errors I pointed out addressed.
You can read our reply to Buhaug et al. here. If you don't want to bother with lengthy details, our abstract is short and direct:
Abstract: A comment by Buhaug et al. attributes disagreement between our recent analyses and their review articles to biased decisions in our meta-analysis and a difference of opinion regarding statistical approaches. The claim is false. Buhaug et al.'s alteration of our meta-analysis misrepresents findings in the literature, makes statistical errors, misclassifies multiple studies, makes coding errors, and suppresses the display of results that are consistent with our original analysis. We correct these mistakes and obtain findings in line with our original results, even when we use the study selection criteria proposed by Buhaug et al. We conclude that there is no evidence in the data supporting the claims raised in Buhaug et al.
The reply itself explains in detail why the claims in Buhaug et al are unsupported. It then dissects what Buhaug et al did in their revision of our analysis, which was based on our publicly available replication code. We detail 5 major errors in the analysis, all of which make the results in Buhaug appear to contradict our original results more strongly than if the analysis were executed correctly. We then correct the analysis in Buhaug et al, using the study selection criteria they propose, and find results that are in line with our original analysis.
In their comment, Buhaug et al. raise the concern that the lagged effect of climatic variables on conflict may not have adequately been captured by our original analysis, so in our reply we implement an entirely new analysis where we account for both the current and lagged effect of climatic variables on conflict. This is the calculation that Buhaug et al should have done, rather then the calculation they implemented which ignores the effect of the current climate on the likelihood of current conflict. For readers interested in this issue, I point you towards our recent NBER working paper where we fully address the lag structure of the relationship between climatic variables and conflict in an updated meta-analysis. This new analysis distinguishes between the current and lagged effects of both temperature and rainfall with respect to both intergroup and interpersonal conflict. The summary of that analysis is this figure:
Summary of meta-analysis for studies with distributed lag structure. Estimated precision-weighted mean effects and 95% confidence intervals for intergroup (left panel) and interpersonal conflict (right panel), for both contemporaneous and one period lagged temperature (red, left offset) and precipitation (blue, right offset). "Combined" effects equal the sum of the contemporaneous (0 lag) and one period lagged effects for studies where the calculation was possible. The number of studies contributing to each estimate is given in parentheses. From Burke, Hsiang, Miguel (2014).
Rather than do this kind of clear and disaggregated analysis of lags, Buhaug et al. simply change which lags they use so that they are not actually analyzing the same data that was in our original analysis. Instead of looking at the contemporaneous effect of climate variables on conflict, as is the focus of our original work and most of the literature, Buhaug et al only present the effect of lagged variables, which much of the literature suggests is relatively unimportant. In the above figure, they would be focusing on the effects marked "1 lag," which in the case of temperature (red) is obviously very different than the contemporaneous effect marked "0 lag". We provide two examples of this in our reply:
We find it strange that Buhaug et al focus on results that researchers do not claim are important. However, a more critical issue is that Buhaug et al. compare these lagged effects to the contemporaneous effects in our original analysis as if they are the same thing, when they clearly are not. Both figures above make it clear that this is an apples-to-oranges comparison, and showing that the lagged effect is nearer to zero (as Buhaug et al report) is in no way at odds with our earlier findings, rather it is completely consistent with our results above. But claiming as Buhaug et al do that a small lagged effect overturns a prior result for a large contemporaneous effect makes no sense, since they could easily both be true. The comparison is a red herring.
One of the other criticisms of Buhaug et al is that we omitted a large number of key studies that satisfied our selection criteria and would have altered our results had we included them, although we do not know what studies they are referring to and the authors do not offer a list. But just to be safe, we designed a stress test to see how biased we would have needed to be in order to obtain our results through biased study selection alone. We repeat our analysis over and over, each time adding in a duplicate observation for the study by Thiesen, Holterman, and Buhaug (2011), which was the study that most strongly disagreed with our central findings. By adding multiple versions of that study to our sample, we are trying to simulate a scenario in which many unknown missing studies that disagree with our results are "found" and added to our analysis. The results look like this (whiskers are confidence intervals):
We continue to obtain a statistically significant result similar to our published estimates until we include 80 studies with findings identical to Theisen, Holterman & Buhaug. This is remarkable because our original analysis contained 21 estimates. Thus, in order for our results to be driven by biased study selection alone, we would have had to miss 4 out of every 5 studies in the literature, with each of those missing studies having results similar to the most negative result in the sample. This seems implausible, leading us to reject the suggestion by Buhaug et al that our conclusion is an artifact of biased study selection.
We are also concerned about the choices made by Buhaug et al. when deciding how to display their revision of our analysis. Buhaug et al. worked off of our replication files, so the adjustment of study selection by Buhaug et al should not have changed how confidence intervals and final results were displayed. Yet the statistical visualization that summarizes the main findings in our original analysis is visually mimicked by the figure in Buhaug et al, but the new figure does not show analogous statistical objects. The figure below directly contrasts our original figure, as published in Science, with the new analogous figure just published by Buhaug et al.
The two changes shown above mean that the statistical significance of the results in Buhaug et al are never actually displayed, as they would have been shown had the display format using our original figure been retained. Had the statistical significance of the mean effect been shown, it would have been clear that the mean estimate was statistically significant, in agreement with our original analysis.
This correction is explained in detail in our reply comment and the corrected version of Buhaug et al's figure (taken from our reply comment) is:
More fundamentally, it is objectively wrong to use the range of the data to make inferences about statistical uncertainty regarding a mean or a median, as Buhaug et al wish to do. This is not a choice over which reasonable people can disagree, it reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of basic statistics. For clarity, consider a simpler example: imagine a sample of one hundred individuals with ages 1, 2, 3 up to 100 years old. The estimated mean age of the sample would be 50.5 years old (95% confidence interval: 44.7-56.3 years old). Buhaug et al's approach would suggest that the mean age could be 4 years old or 96 years old, since the 2.5-97.5 centiles of the data span these values.
We have gone to great lengths on numerous occasions to inform the Buhaug et al. team of these numerous errors in their analysis. Every time they have dismissed us and have not corrected their comment.
In August, 2013 we provided a reply to an earlier version of the Buhaug et al. comment that was submitted to Science. Our reply detailed numerous errors of representation and interpretation in their text, and included the "omitted study" simulation above. Buhaug et al's comment was not published. To ensure that all 25 authors (the 26th was added later) were aware of these various issues, I personally emailed a copy of our reply to all 25 authors on October 25, 2013. None of the authors replied with a response related to the content of the comment.
I was then asked to respond to the revised comment for Climatic Change. The revised comment presented the altered meta-analysis from our original article and included a 26th author. My subsequent response to Climatic Change was exceptionally thorough (3,800 words, 9 pages) and explained in detail all of the major points that we have included in our response, including the inaccurate portrayal of our original analysis and a detailed mathematical discussion of how lagged effects are treated in the literature. At that time, I also pointed out that basic data errors were were present in the analysis by Buhaug et al, stating (emphasis added),
"it is completely unclear to me how the numbers presented were generated as the authors do not provide enough information to replicate their analysis, and casual inspection suggests that the authors have either made basic mathematical errors in transcription or they are misrepresenting the results of studies by reporting coefficients that are known to be irrelevant, or both. Thus, the mathematical result presented in the new meta-analysis contains at least one of these fatal errors."
In our view, this was sufficient information that at least some members of the 26 author team should have re-checked their analysis for errors if they intended to pursue publication of these calculations.
Despite the clear communication that errors were present in their analysis, Buhaug et al. dismissed the substance of my response, simply replying that I did not understand what the comment was about. Buhaug et al. did not address the major errors that I had voluntarily explained in detail. On March 19, 2014, we were notified by Google Scholar that Halvard Buhaug had posted online an uncorrected version of their comment, where it remains today complete with statistical and coding errors.
Thus the Buhaug et al. team had unilaterally decided to publish these erroneous calculations online, having been informed three times that they exhibit clear basic errors by us. Since that published version of the comment is now cached on the internet, is searchable, and has already been cited (for example here), I posted my 9 page response on G-FEED on March 21, 2014 here. As of writing, that post has 1,348 pageviews.
Despite all of these overtures at communicating their errors to them, the author team has continued to not alter their comment.
To be clear: we welcome fruitful discussion and disagreement about our results in this and related analysis. But what Buhaug et al have done here is not fruitful: it is full of errors, misunderstandings, and sloppy mistakes. It does not move the debate forward.
Posted by sol at 11:50 AM
Labels: climate, climate change, conflict, statistics, temperature
Fanning the flames, unnecessarily
How journalism works (or doesn't)
One effect to rule them all? Our reply to Buhaug e...
Will the dry get drier, and is that the right ques...
Agricultural Economics gets Politico
People are not so different from crops, turns out


text:
Birmingham Zoo Financials
Click on the yellow link to download.
IRS 990
2010 Download the Birmingham Zoo's Fiscal Year 2010 990. (PDF)
2013 Download the Birmingham Zoo's Fiscal Year 2013 990 (PDF)
2011 Download the Birmingham Zoo's 2011 Audited Financial Statements. (PDF)
2021 Download the Birmingham Zoo's 2021 Audited FinancialStatements. (PDF)
The Birmingham Zoo has a policy regarding available audited financials. If you are interested, please contact our Development Office at development@birminghamzoo.com
The Birmingham Zoo is the proud recipient of the 4-Star Rating by Charity Navigator. Receiving four out of a possible four stars indicates that the Zoo consistently executes its mission in a fiscally responsible way. Approximately a quarter of the charities evaluated have received the highest rating, indicating that the Zoo outperforms most other charities in America. This exceptional designation from Charity Navigator differentiates the Zoo from its peers and demonstrates to the public it is worthy of their trust.