(1) Subject to the provisions of this article, the executive power of a State extends to borrowing within the territory of India upon the security of the Consolidated Fund of the State within such limits, if any, as may from time to time be fixed by the Legislature of such State by law and to the giving of guarantees within such limits, if any, as may be so fixed.
(2) The Government of India may, subject to such conditions as may be laid down by or under any law made by Parliament, make loans to any State or, so long as any limits fixed under article 292 are not exceeded, give guarantees in respect of loans raised by any State, and any sums required for the purpose of making such loans shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
(3) A State may not without the consent of the Government of India raise any loan if there is still outstanding any part of a loan which has been made to the State by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government, or in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India or by its predecessor Government.
(4) A consent under clause (3) may be granted subject to such conditions, if any, as the Government of India may think fit to impose.
Borrowing by the Government of India.
Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.


Occasionally, circumstances may arise when a student that needs to be charge is missed for a number of different reasons.You might want reassurance that your staff hasn't forgotten to charge someone. That's where the Students Enrolled but Not Charged report comes in. This report will go through all of your students and compare the number of enrollments to the number of tuition charges and report any discrepancies. Using this report is also fairly easy as well.
Select the enrollment active date (when to look for active enrollments that have not been charged) and select a Filter Options from the drop down menu.
Families with Enrollments Without matching charges- will look for a charge on the family's ledger with the exact enrollment and charge category. Returns students with one or more enrollments that do not have an associated charge. This can include class transfers which were charged under the original enrollment, but have since transferred to a different class for the same amount and the charge was not updated.
Families with more enrollments than charges- will look for a total number of enrollment charges per family and compare that number to the number of enrollments for the family. This returns students who do not have an equal number of enrollment charges as enrollments matching your filters.
Families with no charges- will look for families with no class tuition charges.
Choose your file type to run the report.
Note: If students have transferred from one class to another before classes begin, the payment for the initial class will not transfer with them. Therefore, they will show up as not being charged for the current enrollment, even though they have been charged for the previous one. You can edit the initial enrollment charge by adding a new line item for the current class and deleting the line item for the old charge.


text:
The Work of Catholic Relief Services in Haiti and World Day of Grandparents and the Elderly
In this week's episode of Just Love, Monsignor Kevin Sullivan talks about the work of Catholic Relief Services in Haiti and its response to the emergency needs of the people of southern Haiti in the aftermath of the earthquake that struck the island on Saturday, August 14th. The second guest on that show talks about the importance of grandparents to our families and society in consideration of the Church's first "World Day of Grandparents and the Elderly," which was celebrated on Sunday, July 25th.
Beth Carroll is the Head of Programs in Haiti for Catholic Relief Services. A 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck the Caribbean nation killing 1,900 people and injuring over 7,000. In today's recording, Beth Carroll talks to us about what Catholic Relief Services is doing to respond to the emergency needs of the people of southern Haiti in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake, as well as CRS's ongoing efforts to support development in the country.
Bruce Gordon is the author of a number of devotional books for the age 55+ demographic and the Director of Mentor Matrix Services Incorporated. In consideration of the Church's very first "World Day of Grandparents and the Elderly," Bruce Gordon shares with us the importance of grandparents and the unique and significant role they can play in the lives of their grandchildren.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions
Xinjun Li, Mihai O. Marasteanu, Joseph F. Labuz, R. Christopher Williams
Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering
This paper investigates the effect of loading level and loading rate on the damage development and strength of asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile creep tests with different loading levels and strength tests with three loading rates were performed at three low temperatures for ten mixtures.An acoustic emission (AE) system with eight recording channels was used to monitor the development of micro cracking in the specimens for both tests for one mixture. The experimental results show that test temperature has a significant effect on the behavior of the material. Data analysis from the creep test indicates that the creep loading level significantly affects the response of the tested material. The AE rate analysis shows that no actual damage develops when a creep load is less than 20 % of the strength and significant micro damage accumulates when the applied creep load is more than 30 % of the strength value. The loading rate was found to have a significant effect on the measured tensile strength even at a relatively low temperature, and the measured tensile strength increases with the increase of the loading rate for all the test temperatures considered in this study. However, this effect was found to be diluted with the decrease of the test temperature. The AE analysis indicates that a damage zone develops in both the creep and strength tests. The damage zone decreases with temperature decrease and increases with the increase of the loading level applied during the creep test. The damage zone obtained from the strength test was approximately equal to that from the creep testing with a loading level about 25-50 % of the strength value.
Journal of Testing and Evaluation
https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE102484
Asphalt mixtures
Creep testing
Indirect tension
Loading level
Loading rate
Li, X., Marasteanu, M. O., Labuz, J. F., & Christopher Williams, R. (2011). Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE102484
Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions. / Li, Xinjun; Marasteanu, Mihai O.; Labuz, Joseph F.; Christopher Williams, R.
In: Journal of Testing and Evaluation, Vol. 39, No. 4, 01.07.2011.
Li, X, Marasteanu, MO, Labuz, JF & Christopher Williams, R 2011, 'Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions', Journal of Testing and Evaluation, vol. 39, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE102484
Li X, Marasteanu MO, Labuz JF, Christopher Williams R. Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions. Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 2011 Jul 1;39(4). https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE102484
Li, Xinjun ; Marasteanu, Mihai O. ; Labuz, Joseph F. ; Christopher Williams, R. / Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions. In: Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 2011 ; Vol. 39, No. 4.
@article{4ab0fce274714eb5a02c1ac7d43e85ee,
title = "Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions",
abstract = "This paper investigates the effect of loading level and loading rate on the damage development and strength of asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile creep tests with different loading levels and strength tests with three loading rates were performed at three low temperatures for ten mixtures.An acoustic emission (AE) system with eight recording channels was used to monitor the development of micro cracking in the specimens for both tests for one mixture. The experimental results show that test temperature has a significant effect on the behavior of the material. Data analysis from the creep test indicates that the creep loading level significantly affects the response of the tested material. The AE rate analysis shows that no actual damage develops when a creep load is less than 20 {\%} of the strength and significant micro damage accumulates when the applied creep load is more than 30 {\%} of the strength value. The loading rate was found to have a significant effect on the measured tensile strength even at a relatively low temperature, and the measured tensile strength increases with the increase of the loading rate for all the test temperatures considered in this study. However, this effect was found to be diluted with the decrease of the test temperature. The AE analysis indicates that a damage zone develops in both the creep and strength tests. The damage zone decreases with temperature decrease and increases with the increase of the loading level applied during the creep test. The damage zone obtained from the strength test was approximately equal to that from the creep testing with a loading level about 25-50 {\%} of the strength value.",
keywords = "Acoustic emission, Creep, Indirect tension, Loading level, Loading rate, Strength",
author = "Xinjun Li and Marasteanu, {Mihai O.} and Labuz, {Joseph F.} and {Christopher Williams}, R.",
doi = "10.1520/JTE102484",
journal = "Journal of Testing and Evaluation",
publisher = "American Society for Testing and Materials",
T1 - Response behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures under varying indirect tensile test loading conditions
AU - Li, Xinjun
AU - Marasteanu, Mihai O.
AU - Labuz, Joseph F.
AU - Christopher Williams, R.
N2 - This paper investigates the effect of loading level and loading rate on the damage development and strength of asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile creep tests with different loading levels and strength tests with three loading rates were performed at three low temperatures for ten mixtures.An acoustic emission (AE) system with eight recording channels was used to monitor the development of micro cracking in the specimens for both tests for one mixture. The experimental results show that test temperature has a significant effect on the behavior of the material. Data analysis from the creep test indicates that the creep loading level significantly affects the response of the tested material. The AE rate analysis shows that no actual damage develops when a creep load is less than 20 % of the strength and significant micro damage accumulates when the applied creep load is more than 30 % of the strength value. The loading rate was found to have a significant effect on the measured tensile strength even at a relatively low temperature, and the measured tensile strength increases with the increase of the loading rate for all the test temperatures considered in this study. However, this effect was found to be diluted with the decrease of the test temperature. The AE analysis indicates that a damage zone develops in both the creep and strength tests. The damage zone decreases with temperature decrease and increases with the increase of the loading level applied during the creep test. The damage zone obtained from the strength test was approximately equal to that from the creep testing with a loading level about 25-50 % of the strength value.
AB - This paper investigates the effect of loading level and loading rate on the damage development and strength of asphalt mixtures. Indirect tensile creep tests with different loading levels and strength tests with three loading rates were performed at three low temperatures for ten mixtures.An acoustic emission (AE) system with eight recording channels was used to monitor the development of micro cracking in the specimens for both tests for one mixture. The experimental results show that test temperature has a significant effect on the behavior of the material. Data analysis from the creep test indicates that the creep loading level significantly affects the response of the tested material. The AE rate analysis shows that no actual damage develops when a creep load is less than 20 % of the strength and significant micro damage accumulates when the applied creep load is more than 30 % of the strength value. The loading rate was found to have a significant effect on the measured tensile strength even at a relatively low temperature, and the measured tensile strength increases with the increase of the loading rate for all the test temperatures considered in this study. However, this effect was found to be diluted with the decrease of the test temperature. The AE analysis indicates that a damage zone develops in both the creep and strength tests. The damage zone decreases with temperature decrease and increases with the increase of the loading level applied during the creep test. The damage zone obtained from the strength test was approximately equal to that from the creep testing with a loading level about 25-50 % of the strength value.
KW - Acoustic emission
KW - Creep
KW - Indirect tension
KW - Loading level
KW - Loading rate
KW - Strength
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DO - 10.1520/JTE102484
JO - Journal of Testing and Evaluation
JF - Journal of Testing and Evaluation
10.1520/JTE102484


text:
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You have reached the Canadian website for Human Kinetics. Only orders shipping to a Canadian address can be completed on this website.
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Hockey Coaching Bible, The
Joseph Bertagna
Featuring the insights, strategies, and experiences of the sport's top coaches, The Hockey Coaching Bible sets a new standard for those who teach the game, develop the players, and dominate the ice. Whether head coach or assistant, at the youth level or professional, you will find a wealth of information to improve performance and strengthen your program.
You'll go inside the game with 16 of hockey's most respected teachers:
• Joe Bertagna
• Bill Cleary
• Tom Anastos
• Guy Gadowsky
• Mike Schafer
• Marty Palma
• Hal Tearse
• Mike Cavanaugh
• Jack Parker
• Rick Comley
• Mark Dennehy
• Ben Smith
• E.J. McGuire
• George Gwozdecky
• Nate Leaman
• Mike Eaves
Every facet of coaching is covered. The book features the most effective drills for developing players at each position and in-game strategies for various game situations, including offensive, defensive, and neutral-zone play and power plays and penalty kills.
In addition to on-ice Xs and Os, you'll find sage advice for building a program from the ground up, furthering your professional development as a coach, and gaining community and parental support for projecting a positive image and earning the respect of your players and supporters.
Never has there been a more comprehensive coaching resource on the game. With The Hockey Coaching Bible, you'll build your program into a powerhouse.
Coaches of both men's and women's ice hockey teams at the junior, club, high school, and collegiate levels of competition.
Chapter 1 Keeping a Balance
Bill Cleary
Chapter 2 Coaching With Integrity
Tom Anastos
Chapter 3 Communicating a Team Mission
Guy Gadowsky
Chapter 4 Acting as a Professional
Mike Schafer
Chapter 5 Gaining Community and Parent Support
Marty Palma
Chapter 6 Building a High School Program
Hal Tearse
Chapter 7 Planning and Conducting Productive Practices
Mike Cavanaugh
Chapter 8 Skills for Defensemen
Chapter 9 Skills for Forwards
Rick Comley
Chapter 10 Skills for Goaltenders
Joe Bertagna
Chapter 11 Defensive Zone Play
Mark Dennehy
Chapter 12 Neutral Zone Play
Chapter 13 Offensive Zone Attack
E.J. McGuire
Chapter 14 Special Teams and Situations
George Gwozdecky and Michael Zucker
Chapter 15 Scouting Opponents
Nate Leaman
Chapter 16 International Play
Mike Eaves
Joe Bertagna has been a collegiate hockey administrator for more than 30 years. Since 1997, he has served as commissioner of Hockey East, the preeminent conference in college hockey, whose member schools have earned seven NCAA championships under his leadership. Before his move to Hockey East, Bertagna served 15 years with the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC), where he held the positions of tournament director, executive director, and commissioner. Both with ECAC and Hockey East, Bertagna has been a champion of women's hockey, having initiated ECAC Division I and Division III league play and led the formation of the Women's Hockey East Association, whose championship trophy is named in Bertagna's honor.
In addition to his commissionership of Hockey East, Bertagna is executive director of the American Hockey Coaches Association, a position he has held since 1991. He also serves on the board of directors of both USA Hockey and the Hockey Humanitarian Award Foundation. For 40 years Bertagna has operated his own clinics for thousands of goalies of all ages.
Bertagna began his professional coaching career in 1985 with the National Hockey League's (NHL) Boston Bruins, where he was goaltender coach until 1991, and then again for the 1994-95 season. He also was assistant coach for the U.S. men's national team at the 1991 Canada Cup, the U.S. Olympic men's ice hockey team at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, and the International Hockey League's Milwaukee Admirals from 1994 to 1996.
As a player, Bertagna was a standout goaltender for Harvard University. After graduating in 1973, he played professionally for the Milwaukee Admirals and in Cortina, Italy, where the team won the Italian Ice Hockey Championship in 1975.
Bertagna and his wife, Kathy, reside in Gloucester, Massachusetts, with their three children.
"For those of us who were fortunate to play college hockey, the lessons we learned there, on and off the ice, have never gone away. The Hockey Coaching Bible presents the best of these lessons from an array of coaches, some still active and some retired. The messages collected in this book are sure to help hockey coaches and players at all levels of the game."
Mike Eruzione-- Captain, 1980 U.S. Olympic Team
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As a coach, especially an experienced coach, at some point you've heard yourself mumble, "I just don't understand players today!"
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text:
During the Dutch Revolt (1568–1648), the Dunkirkers or Dunkirk Privateers were commerce raiders in the service of the Spanish monarchy. They were also part of the Dunkirk fleet, which consequently was a part of the Spanish monarchy's Flemish fleet (Armada de Flandes). The Dunkirkers operated from the ports of the Flemish coast: Nieuwpoort, Ostend, and Dunkirk. Throughout the Eighty Years' War, the fleet of the Dutch Republic repeatedly tried to destroy the Dunkirkers. The first Dunkirkers sailed a group of warships outfitted by the Spanish government, but non-government investment in privateering soon led to a more numerous fleet of privately owned and outfitted warships.

Origins and function
Dunkirk was in the hands of the Dutch rebels from 1577 until 1583, when Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma re-established the sovereignty of his uncle Philip II of Spain as count of Flanders. Dunkirk was, at the time, an important, strategically positioned port with its approaches shielded by sandbanks. In 1583, Parma assembled a small royal squadron of warships to destroy Dutch naval trade and fisheries. However, it did not take long before the Habsburg authorities in the Low Countries began issuing letters of Marque, and privately owned warships filled the ranks of the Dunkirkers. These privately owned warships were known in Dutch as the particulieren, to distinguish them from the royal warships that were also part of the fleet. At their peak, the Dunkirkers operated about a hundred warships. The crews were mostly made up of Flemish and Walloon sailors, Spaniards and many individuals from the northern Netherlands and other nearby European countries. Apart from targeting trade and fishing, the royal squadron was often used to convoy troops between Spain and the Spanish Netherlands.

Effectiveness
Despite a near constant blockade of the Dunkirkers' ports by Dutch warships, the privateers routinely managed to evade the blockaders and inflict much damage to Dutch shipping. Though the Dutch at times prevented the Dunkirkers from reaching open sea, during the winter months the blockade was extremely difficult to maintain and permitted virtually free passage. Sometimes naval battles ensued when privateers tried to break out or when Dutch warships tried to destroy the privateers in their harbours. During one of these Dutch attacks, the Dutch folk hero Piet Pieterszoon Hein, famous for capturing a Spanish treasure fleet, was killed. The Dutch declared the Dunkirk privateers pirates in 1587; captains of Dutch naval vessels had to swear an oath that they would throw or beat all prisoners from Dunkirk warships into the sea (euphemistically known as voetenspoelen, "washing the feet"). Due to its excessive harshness and the fact that it provoked equally cruel retributions from the side of the privateers, this standing order was very unpopular with Dutch crews and the general public. The order was often evaded by putting Dunkirk seamen off on one of the many shallow shoals off the Flemish coast from which they could wade to dry land.

The Dunkirkers had an extremely wide range for their era. Although mainly operating in and around the Channel, they also sailed near the Danish and German coastal areas to intercept Dutch ships returning from the Baltic, and operated in Spanish and Mediterranean waters. They cooperated closely with the Spanish navy, for instance, in the Battle of the Downs. This combined effort reached a peak of effectiveness during the time the Eighty Years' War merged with the Thirty Years' War. To evade the Dutch navy the Dunkirk admiralty had a special type of small and very maneuverable warship constructed, the frigate. Frigate-like ship types were soon adopted by other navies and still have their modern-day counterparts.

In 1600 the Dutch sent an army to conquer the city of Dunkirk and stop the privateering once and for all. The Dutch invasion force clashed with a Spanish army and although the Dutch won the resulting Battle of Nieuwpoort the Dutch commander, stadtholder Maurits of Nassau, realised his lines were dangerously over-stretched and so turned back to the Republic. The Flemish Fleet continued to be especially damaging to the herring fisheries of Holland and Zeeland, almost completely wiping out the sector on several occasions. However, Dutch merchantmen proved far more valuable targets, sometimes vessels on their way back from Russia or as far as the Indies were captured, along with their valuable cargoes.

After 1621, when the Twelve Years' Truce ended, the Dunkirkers captured on average 229 merchantmen and fishing vessels per year from the Dutch. By 1628, they had also seized 522 English vessels, primarily fishing boats but also ships carrying munitions and victuals to the Dutch. This was one of the major concerns of Charles I's diplomatic representative in Brussels, Sir Balthasar Gerbier, who eventually managed to have tobacco taken off the list of 'victuals'. One of the most successful raiders of this period was Jacob Collaert. It was not until October 1646, when the French captured Dunkirk with Dutch naval support, that the danger from the privateers was greatly reduced.  In 1652, Spanish forces recaptured the city and the Dunkirkers once again became a major threat.  The Dunkirkers harassed English trade after England resumed hostilities against Spain in 1657, before Dunkirk was captured by a Franco-English force in 1658. Ostend then became their most important port. When, after 1672, France and the Dutch Republic became enemies, privateering activities were resumed at Dunkirk, this time for France, and this would last intermittently until 1712. A famous Dunkirk privateer from this period was Jean Bart.

Notes

References
 R.A. Stradling, The Armada of Flanders: Spanish Maritime Policy and European War, 1568–1668 (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern History; Cambridge University Press, 1992)  (issued in paperback 2004, ).
 J.R. Bruijn, C.B. Wels et al., Met Man en Macht, De Militaire Geschiedenis van Nederland 1550–2000, (Balans 2003), pp. 59–61: "Bestrijding van de Vlaamse Oorlogsvloot"
Virginia Lunsford. Piracy and Privateering in the Golden Age Netherlands, (Palgrave Macmillan 2005), ,

External links
 Witte de With's Action with Dunkirkers off Nieuport, 1640

Military history of the Netherlands
Military history of France
Naval history
Privateering

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our national partner the National Low Income Housing Coalition published this spotlight on the housing gap for low-income households. In 2011, in Washington State, for every 100 extremely low income households, there were 27 affordable and available units. And for every 100 very low-income households, there were 55 affordable and available units. This means that Washington State is one of 13 states that's below the national average of affordable and available units for extremely low income households.


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Teacher will be responsible for organizing and implementing an instructional program that will capitalize on student strengths and result in students achieving academic success in accordance with Charles Armstrong methodology and mission.
Using direct instruction, teacher will implement differentiated instructional activities in small and whole group settings that contribute to a climate where students are actively engaged in meaningful learning experiences.
Identify, select, and modify instructional resources to meet the needs of students with varying backgrounds, learning styles, and learning needs.
Maintain effective and efficient documentation.
Use classroom management systems that are effective with students with learning differences.
Work in a collaborative professional learning environment.
Communicate effectively with students, parents, teachers, teaching partner and other professionals on a regular basis.
Model professional and ethical standards when working with students, parents, peers, and community.
Meets professional obligations through efficient work habits such as: meeting deadlines, honoring schedules, coordinating and planning.


text:
Hyde Park to Pump EGP 4 bn in Two Projects
Egypt's Hyde Park Developments has announced plans to invest EGP 4 bn in two mega projects, namely Hyde Park in New Cairo and Coast 82 in the North Coast, Invest-Gate reports.
The developer will begin constructing Hyde Park's administrative units in March 2019 at an investment value of EGP 3 bn, CEO Amin Serag said during a media tour in Hyde Park project on December 18, adding that another EGP 1 bn will be allocated for Coast 82.
Serag highlighted that the company has already directed EGP 2.2 bn during 2018 to Hyde Park project, revealing that the residential compound spans over 1,500 acres, of which 900 acres were allocated for Hyde Park company, along with 200 acres for Mountain View and 100 acres belonging to Al Ahly for Real Estate Development.
"The project is being inhabited by 90 families. Moreover, the company has already delivered 480 units in 2018 and 250 units of the compound's total 480 units are being finished," he noted.
"The company intends to deliver about 1,000 units in 2019, varying between apartments, twin houses, and villas. The project has 21 clusters delivered, with 50-55% of the compound already implemented," the CEO stated.
Serag also unveiled that the company targets expanding further into other areas, notably west Cairo, and also mulls investment opportunities in Upper Egypt.
Hyde Park Developments
West Cairo
Asset Tap Heads to East Cairo
Building on its success in West Cairo, Asset Tap Consulting and Management firm opens its new branch in the Fifth Settlement to widen its clients' base
Starlight Developments Acquires Redcon Construction for Katameya Coast Project
Starlight Developments for Real Estate and Touristic Developments acquires Redcon Construction for the construction of its EGP 3bn- Katameya Coast on the North Coast on an area of 205 acres
Cairo Capital Constructions Partners with Al Dawas in West Cairo
Cairo Capital Constructions reveals its expansion plan in west Cairo starting with its partnership with "Al Dawas" in construction and contracting
Golden House Inks New Contract with KAD
Golden House signs a contract with KAD to manage the Rio Complex project in New Cairo, with EGP 600 mn investments.


text:
from logging import handlers, DEBUG
import logging
import os
import shutil
import sys
import cherrypy
from dependency_injection import wire_dependencies

def run_server(primordial_logger=None, enable_file_logging=False):
    """
    Run the server which proxies requests from:
        python/<package>
    to:
        https://pypi.python.org/simple/<package>

    And requests from:
        python/<package>/<filename>
    to:
        https://pypi.python.org/<path-to-filename>
    """
    if primordial_logger is None:
        primordial_logger = _create_console_logger()

    root = wire_dependencies()

    cherrypy_config_path = _get_cherrypy_config_file(primordial_logger)

    app = cherrypy.tree.mount(
        root,
        script_name='/',
        config=cherrypy_config_path)

    cherrypy.config.update(cherrypy_config_path)

    if enable_file_logging:
        _enable_file_logging(app, primordial_logger=primordial_logger)

    cherrypy.engine.start()
    cherrypy.engine.block()

def _get_cherrypy_config_file(primordial_logger):
    cherrypy_config_path = _config_path('pypi_redirect.conf')

    if not os.path.exists(cherrypy_config_path):
        template_path = _config_path('pypi_redirect.conf.template')

        assert os.path.exists(template_path), \
            'Neither the CherryPy config file ("{}") nor a suitable ' \
            'template ("{}") were found.'.format(
                cherrypy_config_path,
                template_path)

        shutil.copyfile(template_path, cherrypy_config_path)

        primordial_logger.info(
            'Created CherryPy config file "{}" from template "{}"'.format(
                cherrypy_config_path,
                template_path))

    primordial_logger.info(
        'Using CherryPy config file "{}"'.format(cherrypy_config_path))

    return cherrypy_config_path

def _sys_prefix_path(*path):
    return os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'pypi_redirect', *path)

def _config_path(*path):
    return _sys_prefix_path('config', *path)

def _log_path(*path):
    return _sys_prefix_path('log', *path)

def _abs_log_path(log_filename):
    if not os.path.isabs(log_filename):
        return _log_path(log_filename)
    else:
        return log_filename

def _ensure_path_exists(path):
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.makedirs(path)

def _enable_file_logging(app, primordial_logger):
    # Remove the default FileHandlers if present.
    app.log.error_file = ""
    app.log.access_file = ""

    _add_handler(
        app=app,
        logger=app.log.error_log,
        log_filename_config_attr='rot_error_file',
        log_filename_default_value='error.log',
        max_bytes_config_attr='rot_error_maxBytes',
        backup_count_config_attr='rot_error_backupCount',
        primordial_logger=primordial_logger)

    _add_handler(
        app=app,
        logger=app.log.access_log,
        log_filename_config_attr='rot_access_file',
        log_filename_default_value='access.log',
        max_bytes_config_attr='rot_access_maxBytes',
        backup_count_config_attr='rot_access_backupCount',
        primordial_logger=primordial_logger)

def _add_handler(
        app,
        logger,
        log_filename_config_attr,
        log_filename_default_value,
        max_bytes_config_attr,
        backup_count_config_attr,
        primordial_logger):

    def get_attr_and_log_value(attr, default_value):
        value = getattr(app.log, attr, default_value)
        primordial_logger.info(
            'log.{}: {!r} (default {!r})'.format(attr, value, default_value))
        return value

    max_bytes = get_attr_and_log_value(max_bytes_config_attr, 1000000)
    backup_count = get_attr_and_log_value(backup_count_config_attr, 4)
    fname = get_attr_and_log_value(
        log_filename_config_attr,
        log_filename_default_value)

    fname = _abs_log_path(fname)

    primordial_logger.info(
        'log.{} as abs path: {!r}'.format(log_filename_config_attr, fname))

    _ensure_path_exists(os.path.dirname(fname))

    h = handlers.RotatingFileHandler(fname, 'a', max_bytes, backup_count)
    h.setLevel(DEBUG)
    h.setFormatter(cherrypy._cplogging.logfmt)

    logger.addHandler(h)

def _create_console_logger():
    console_logger = logging.getLogger('PyPIRedirect')
    console_logger.setLevel(DEBUG)

    h = logging.StreamHandler()
    console_logger.addHandler(h)
    return console_logger

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Why you'll love it: DevaCurl One Condition is a creamy, hydrating formula infused with olive oil that's suitable for most hair types.
DevaCurl One Condition is considered the holy grail of curly products, and the label is well-deserved. It's truly fantastic. Maybe I'm biased, because DevaCurl products and styling methods changed my hair care life. But One Condition is ideal for many hair types.
The formula is creamy and hydrating, infused with olive oil and the brand's signature lemongrass scent. It's not a super thick or heavy product, but it's nourishing enough to dramatically cut down on frizz and help define ringlets without weighing them down.
Curl authorities at Naturally Curly recommend this conditioner for the 2C curl type, which tends to be "tends to be more resistant to styling and will frizz easily." This conditioner has been featured by The Strategist, Allure, Byrdie, Bustle, and Rank and Style. Shoppers at Ulta give it a 4.5 rating based on 690 reviews.


text:
Review: Documentary 'Hesburgh' affirms the inspiring life of Notre Dame's Father Ted
Father Theodore M. Hesburgh, longtime president of the University of Notre Dame, in the documentary "Hesburgh."
(O'Malley/Creadon Productions)
By Michael Rechtshaffen
As informational as it is inspirational, Patrick Creadon's "Hesburgh" is a thoroughly engaging documentary chronicle of the life and turbulent times of longtime Notre Dame president Father Theodore M. Hesburgh, whose tenure coincided with a particularly pivotal stretch of American history.
A charismatic individual with a Zelig-like knack for figuring into many of the decisive events of the 20th century, the man affectionately referred to as "Father Ted" (he died at age 97 in 2015) would exert his considerable influence well beyond the halls of the university he'd elevate above its football-playing.
Most significantly, he would emerge as a passionate civil rights crusader appointed to numerous White House commissions under a succession of presidents from Eisenhower to Nixon, who would ultimately part ways with Hesburgh over his outspoken stance on the Voting Rights Act and school desegregation.
Narrated in the first person by voice actor Maurice LaMarche (if they made a dramatic movie version, George Clooney's a natural), the film draws upon Hesburgh's writings and interviews, combined with astute observations from the likes of activist-historian Mary Frances Berry, Nancy Pelosi and Ted Koppel, who speaks of Hesburgh's "extraordinary ability to reach across lines."
Considering his close personal relationships ran from Pope Paul VI to superstar advice columnist Ann Landers (!), it was a truly remarkable reach that never exceeded his grasp of his life's unyielding mission.
'Hesburgh'
Running time: 1 hour, 45 minutes
Playing: Laemmle Playhouse 7, Pasadena; Arya Fine Arts, Beverly Hills; AMC Orange.
calendar@latimes.com
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Michael Rechtshaffen
Review: The portraits of 'Gauguin' reach the big screen, #MeToo issues and all
Documentary "Gauguin From the National Gallery, London" profiles the problematic French post-Impressionist painter and includes a survey of a new portrait exhibit.
Lucas Museum leader says Separate Cinema Archive brings a big picture on black film
George Lucas' art museum acquires the Separate Cinema Archive, which includes 37,000 items of black film history.
Backstage with the 'Parasite' cast celebrating a historic SAG Awards win: 'Where's Bong?!'
The cast of South Korea's "Parasite" celebrate a history-making win backstage at the Screen Actors Guild Awards.
'Parasite' becomes the first foreign-language film to win SAG Awards' top prize
With just three weeks to go until the Oscars, "Parasite" was the big winner at the 2020 SAG Awards
2020 SAG Awards red carpet arrivals: Jennifer Lopez, Leonardo DiCaprio and more
SAG Awards 2020 show highlights
You can take Joaquin Phoenix, Renée Zellweger, Brad Pitt and Laura Dern to the bank for Oscars. But "Parasite" has renewed momentum with two standing ovations at the SAG Awards.
'Parasite' wins top prize at SAG Awards
Robert De Niro stays proudly political at the 2020 SAG Awards
Robert De Niro, presented with a SAG lifetime achievement award, speaks up for candidates who support unions and speaks out against 'abuse of power.'
Brad Pitt winks at Quentin Tarantino's love of feet in SAG Awards speech
Brad Pitt, a winner for "Once Upon a Time... in Hollywood," went out of his way to thank his female costars'... feet.
Movies opening in L.A. this week: 'The Gentlemen' and more
Movies opening in L.A. for Jan. 19-26 include the British crime drama "The Gentlemen" starring Matthew McConaughey


text:
A cause worth fighting for: Remembering the IKEA lockout
By Dot Tompkins
former union shop steward at Ikea Richmond
The other day, a person I call a friend posted a link to a Google Maps street view that brought so many memories flooding back. The location was my former place of employment and the area where we spent 18 months walking back and forth wearing a picket sign. The Google images had been taken during our labour dispute and showed our 'nest' as well as some of our people on the line.
"What is amazing … is the solidarity that was experienced both within our group and from people we had never known before." – Dot Tompkins (left)
After spending 18 months strolling that square footage, I have such vivid memories of the area. I remember spending time counting the number of barricade sections after the company put them up to 'keep us out', and calculating the cost of that action in comparison with the cost of what we were fighting for.
I remember the faces of many of the guards – most of whom made so little money for the hours they spent standing out there day after day, strategically positioned around the metallic barricades in the rain, the snow, and the blazing heat.
We were told the guards were there to basically protect us from ourselves; retail workers are such a violent bunch (insert sarcastic laugh here).
In the 18 months, I don't remember a single violent act. Well, there was the greasing of the fences, the removal of our signs, the constant filming of our every move, the snide comments, and continual barrage of loud speaker announcements praising the efforts of the workers who had crossed the picket line to 'exercise their rights to work'. Oh wait – that wasn't us.
At times I wondered if there was a playbook on how to demoralize people that I hadn't read. But, the memories that stick out the most and that I will always treasure are of the humanity I saw during that long 18 months.
I have to say that in the 18 months that followed I drank more Tim Hortons and Starbucks than ever before and ate more doughnuts than I care to think about! Complete strangers would stop by to deliver water, coffee, doughnuts and at times just much-needed words of encouragement. There was the man who was retired but who would stop by, sometimes on his own and sometimes with his mother, and put on a sign to just spend time walking and talking with us.
There was the day that the Vancouver District Labour Council pulled up just inside the fence with a busload of people who had come to walk with us and show support – what an experience that was. That was the best part of my days; the walking and talking with people that I had just met and with people whom I had known for years but never really 'knew'. For me, it reinforced my belief in what we were doing.
There were the big groups like the ILWU, VDLC, BC Fed, ITF, BCNU and so many more. There were the smaller groups, union and otherwise, who brought us things like Subway gift cards, Safeway gift cards and those oh-so-fabulous doughnuts. Our friend John Wilson along with Rankandfile.ca and Take Back the CLC held rallies at other retail locations in support. Our own union made sure we all had jackets to keep out the wind and the cold.
At Christmas, the support brought tears to our eyes. Unexpected were the actions of two ILWU members that we barely knew but now think of as good friends, Trudie and Gord, who spent hours of their own time fundraising so that we could have a better holiday. Monies were also sent across the seas to us from UNIGLOBAL while the BCNU made sure that every picketer's child had a Christmas present. We held 50/50 draws and, with the help of some of our friends, were able to organize our own low-budget Christmas party and what a party it was!
On top of all the generosity from strangers, there was a lot from our own people as well; those who gave up their gift cards and money because they felt that others were more in need, or brought in donations of bread, fruits and vegetables. Some even brought food they made to share with the rest of us. We held barbecues for just $2 a plate.
Many of us even stepped way outside our comfort zones to rally and speak in support of the cause. We believed the cause was not just about the handful of us, but went so much deeper. This was about the Labour Movement as a whole, not just 'us'. This wasn't about making more money or bleeding 'The Man' dry. In a nutshell, it was about keeping what we already had.
This week marks the two-year anniversary of the day we were locked out. No, it's not a happy event like the birth of a child or the beginning of a relationship; nothing like that. May 13th marks the day that nearly 300 of us workers replaced our blue and yellow uniforms with picket signs. It is the day that our employer/former employer locked us out in what was to become an 18-month long labour dispute.
For me, it seems like years ago and also like it happened yesterday. It ended only 7 months ago – it should have ended December of 2013 – but it feels like so much longer. Who knew, on that day in 2013, that everything would change for us to such an extent.
We learned things that were eye-opening, heart -warming, inspiring and, at times, extremely disillusioning. We met new friends from outside our bubble and connected with people we had known for years. We had our share of births, deaths, illnesses and a wedding or two.
I could be bitter and angry and resentful for the lost time spent focusing on what I (and in some cases 'we') believed was a cause worth fighting for and people worth standing up with. But those feelings, valid as they may be, serve little purpose. What is amazing, however, is the solidarity that was experienced both within our group and from people we had never known before. Those are the memories that I will always treasure.
For more on the 18-month Ikea lockout, check out these Rankandfile.ca articles:
Boycott Ikea: Some Assembly Required
527 Days: Reflections by IKEA Richmond workers
To see all our IKEA lockout coverage, click here
Categories // British Columbia, IKEA, lockout, Teamsters
Tags // Editor's pick, featured
howler says
your presence on the frontline has inspired a lot of individuals. Your dedication will not be forgotten.


Hello. Unfortunately, producing music is not one of my talents. I can't write amazing hooks, but I am very good at writing checks Where is the best place to find talented ghost producers?
Is that where you bought all the gear that you so proudly advertise in your signature?
The Groove Tools, Samson Carbon 49, and an ATLP120 (which isn't in my signature) were all purchased and Wal-Mart. You are partially correct in your assumption.


text:
Alum BASE Jumps for Veterans' Suicide Awareness
Pitt alumnus Tristan Wimmer (BUS '20G) is spending this Veterans Day in the Utah desert where he will assist a fellow Marine with whom he served in Iraq in making 22 BASE jumps from Looking Glass Arch near Monticello, Utah.
It's a thrilling feat, parachuting with a purpose, all to raise awareness of the issue of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its connection to veterans' suicides.
The number 22 is significant: It symbolizes the estimated 22 veterans suicides per day.
"A friend from my old U.S. Marine Corps battalion committed suicide recently and we are doing 22 BASE jumps for him and the others from my battalion who have also committed suicide over the years," said Wimmer, who deployed to Iraq and served as an infantryman and sniper team leader.
"TBIs affected my unit disproportionately," Wimmer said. "There were a lot of suicides, emotional management issues, PTSD, TBIs," he said. "The effects of these deployments linger afterward. Nobody escapes it. Everyone's affected in some way."
He can count more than a dozen personal friends lost to suicide in addition to numerous other acquaintances who have taken their lives.
Most crushing was the death of his younger brother.
Kiernan Wimmer, a Marine Corps Special Operations raider and recon veteran, died by suicide in 2015, years after suffering a TBI while deployed.
"It was devastating to lose my brother. We were inseparable as kids. We did everything together," he said. "My brother was injured in Iraq and suffered head trauma. It diminished his quality of life," Wimmer said, adding that the injury affected his brother's personality.
"He turned dark and mercurial; at times violent," Wimmer said. The stigma surrounding the nature of his illness affected his ability to reach out for help.
"My brother was struggling with a very bad injury. He refused to admit he had a problem and tried to cover it up with a tough-guy Marine Corps attitude. He didn't give himself a fighting chance," he said.
Support Pitt's student veterans
On Veterans Day, Nov. 11, the nation honors the military veterans who have made sacrifices that many will never know in service to our nation.
Pitt's Office of Veterans Services is inviting members of the University community to show their support for student veterans this Nov. 11 with an $11 donation to the Wounded Warriors and Veterans Education Assistance Fund. Donors will receive a Pitt Vets pennant.
This scholarship, one of several scholarships available to Pitt military-affiliated students, is awarded to a Pitt student veteran, particularly those who were wounded during their service.
In this video, past recipients Matthew Gibbons, veteran of the U.S. Army and Troy Lyons, veteran of the U.S. Air Force, share why this fund was so important to them and their educational goals.
The loss left Wimmer with struggles of his own.
"I fully ignored it for 18 months," he admitted. "I wasn't really dealing with my issues." In addition to feeling intense sadness, "I was really angry at him for putting the family through this," he said.
When he came to Pittsburgh in 2018 for his MBA, "It was tough. I was crying daily. Everything was distracting me. I wasn't dealing with losing my best friend, my brother," he said.
He began putting in the work to be at peace.
Rock climbing and BASE jumping—sports he had enjoyed with his brother —buoyed his spirits amid the sadness. Transition assistance from the Veterans Administration and support from his fiancée, friends and family helped him through, he said.
"Only in the past 18 months have I been able to confidently talk about it without getting emotional," he said.
He began searching for a way to honor his brother's memory—and to raise awareness of the injury that stole his health and his life.
"I considered doing a march or a 5k run to raise funding, but there are so many out there," Wimmer said. "They're worthwhile endeavors, but I wanted to generate some actual buzz."
He received a call from Adam Krum in Moab, Utah, just before last year's Veterans Day, asking if he would make 22 jumps for veteran suicide awareness, which sparked the idea for an extreme fundraiser in Kiernan's memory, who ignited Tristan's love for BASE jumping.
In February, with assistance from Krum and about a dozen others, Wimmer BASE jumped 22 times from Camelback Mountain in Phoenix Arizona in a single day to raise funds for Cohen Veterans Bioscience, a New York-based nonprofit that researches the connection between TBIs and suicide.
The 10-hour effort left Wimmer sore, but gratified.
The daylong event brought TV crews and other media, and connected him with a broader network of people with their own connections to the issue of TBIs and veterans' suicides. "Lots of people reached out," he said. He surpassed his goal of raising $2,200, raising nearly $17,000.
"The response was overwhelming. There was such broad support across the country and in the community. It was humbling. I'm grateful that people cared; grateful that people do care," he said, adding that "being the center of attention is something I've never been comfortable with."
Wimmer graduated this spring with an MBA in finance from Pitt's Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, got married in May and has launched a new career with the United Services Automobile Association in Texas. Still, he has no plans to end his high-profile advocacy for this critical veterans' health issue.
Wimmer plans an additional BASE jump fundraiser in late January 2021. A new website focused on his efforts, 22jumps.org, will launch later this month, he said.
"I'm not a researcher or a doctor, but I have a story. If it helps somebody, it's worth it."
Pitt Vets to share in veterans story night
Veterans from the University of Pittsburgh community are among the featured storytellers in an online Veterans Story Night hosted by Pittsburgh Public Theater. The event is set for 7 p.m. on Nov. 12. Register to watch.
The evening of virtual performances will feature 10 local veterans, including Pitt Office of Veterans Services director and Army veteran Aryanna Berringer; University Honors College staffer and Marine veteran Josh Cannon; School of Social Work student and Army veteran Blair J. Mickles; and School of Education PhD student and Navy veteran Tony Richard.
Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business
Tags: veterans Office of Veterans Services The Plan for Pitt: Strengthen Communities


It may not be easy to drive to commute going to our location but the lush air and serene atmosphere will give you its ample reward for the long route. Staying at the Resort Suite, one of the most regarded place in the house will definitely give you a-love-at-first-sight impression as you perceive its beauty and grandeur inside and out. Plus, its influence cannot hide the spice of life, giving every guest an awe to remember and wishing to come back for more. This suite is a 4-person room located at the poolside area. If neeede, it can accommodate maximum of 6 person.
Kindly observe the following HOUSE RULES to fully enjoy the place.
Please be advised that WIFI is not available at the moment.
In case of booking cancellation, 50% of the total amount of bill shall be charge as cancellation fee and is non-refundable.


If you need Christmas gift ideas for the motorcaravanner in your life, we're here to help – our Stacie has put in the legwork so you don't have to!
With the festive season looming, never fear – here at Practical Motorhome, we've got Christmas all wrapped up. So if you're stuck for Christmas gift ideas, we might just be able to help.
How about Herbert Campervan Planter, priced at £19.95 and available from Prezzybox. This quirky and really rather cool ceramic planter is an ideal gift for those who like to cook or embellish their salads with herbs while on tour. It can be used indoors or outdoors for year-round fresh herbs. Alternatively, as it has a lid, it can also be used as a characterful snack jar.
Or give the gift of visiting some of the UK's most breathtaking countryside, houses, gardens and coastline for a whole year with annual membership to the National Trust. When touring the UK in your motorhome or campervan, you're never far from a National Trust site and there are a great many things to do and see, with fun for the whole family. Gift membership starts from £27 for an adult or £98 for a family.
We've also found a stylish stocking filler that will remind your motorcaravanning friends of their favourite pastime, all the time. This cute, RV-inspired brooch is handmade from textured wall-covering and vinyl and then plated onto a silver brooch pin. Available in a choice of five colours, it's certain to bring a smile to enthusiasts everywhere – and it is just £15.
Now, who doesn't take a wash bag on tour? If you know someone who could do with a new one, this lovely VW campervan wash bag could be just the ticket! This fun and spacious, retro print bag is waterproof and available in red, blue, pink and orange. It's just the thing for keeping toiletries in place when using campsite showers. All for just £19.95.
Know someone who loves coffee? Well, bulky coffee machines aren't ideal for motorhomes, but this gadget is. The Handpresso is a portable, fully manual espresso machine that works with standard espresso pods or ground coffee. It comes in a range of colours and there is even a 12V version. Never be deprived of a decent coffee on tour again!
We must admit that our next Christmas present idea is a little on the pricey side – from £1434! – but the Swiss RoomBox freeTech is an ingenious solution. Inspired by the Swiss Army Knife, the folding camping concept turns a hatchback or minivan into a campervan for sleeping, cooking and eating. Installation and set-up take mere minutes – and no tools are required.
Another idea that'd make a handy addition to your 'van but isn't a bargain option is the Spaced 360. Costing £250, this is a Bluetooth wireless speaker which delivers crystal-clear tunes in or around a motorhome or campervan. The portable unit produces a 360° sound experience and connects instantly to any Bluetooth-enabled device to provide 14 hours' playback.
How about a gift that will brighten your or someone else's motorcaravanning lifestyle and support a worthy cause? Buy a Solar Aid lamp. These are being sold in the UK to raise money for clean and affordable solar lights in rural Africa and are priced from just £15 each. There are four of these attractive and versatile lamps in the range. They each make an ideal, portable gift for use in and around a motorhome. Why not treat yourself to one, too?
Or have some fun with this brilliant VW campervan play tent? Mini enthusiasts can become the owner of their own campervan and spend hours recreating holiday memories. The replica of a 1965 VW camper is available in three colours: red, baby blue or pink. It is waterproof and offers UV protection, making it ideal for use as an indoor play den or to take to the beach. It's easy to put up, comes with a handy VW wheel carry bag and costs £54.95.
Continuing the campervan theme, we've also unearthed a lovely illustrated iPhone campervan case. This classic campervan phone cover is priced at £21.95 and is suitable for the iPhone 4/4S and 5/5S. Designed by London illustrator Menna Jenkins, who has a passion for travel and camping, it is available in yellow or pink, both with blue sky backgrounds. The hard plastic case can be personalised by adding the initials of the present's recipient to the number plate.
Do you know someone who's always getting lost on tour? Then this Christmas, why not give them a sat-nav designed specifically for larger vehicles. The Ventura Pro SC5700 DVR, from Snooper, calculates the safest routes based on your vehicle's width, length and weight. It also includes a search facility of more than 20,000 campsites in 31 countries. Plus unique built-in DVR technology automatically records the view in front of the vehicle, which can be saved and downloaded in the event of an accident or collision. This Snooper sat-nav retails at £349.99.
Last but not least, we've a Christmas present idea for any motorcaravanner keen on photography while on tour. The Manfrotto Vivace 20 camera holster features substantial padding to keep your DSLR camera protected at all times, while its handy pockets will be perfect for keeping accessories like filters, batteries, lens cleaning cloths and assorted camera paraphernalia organised and easy to get to. Manfrotto is an Italian brand used by professionals, so there's quality to go with the style – all for just £24.95.


text:
Asia Pacific|As Iran and U.S. Trade Blows, Afghanistan Sweats Between the 2 Powers
https://nyti.ms/37DEVTk
As Iran and U.S. Trade Blows, Afghanistan Sweats Between the 2 Powers
Afghan officials fear that an escalation between Iran and the United States could hurt chances for peace with the Taliban during a critical time.
President Ashraf Ghani in Kabul, the Afghan capital, in December. The country borders Iran and also hosts thousands of American military personnel. Credit...Afghan Presidential Palace, via Reuters
In the days after a United States drone strike killed Iran's top intelligence and military operative, President Ashraf Ghani of Afghanistan scrambled to keep his country out of a cycle of escalation between the two powers.
Now that Iranian missiles have come into play, some of the particular vulnerabilities of Afghanistan, which lies along Iran's northeastern border and still hosts about 13,000 American military personnel on a network of bases, are on display.
"The government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan assures the people and its neighbors that, according to the security agreement with the United States, the territory of Afghanistan in no circumstances will be used against another country," Mr. Ghani said in one statement. His aides say he reiterated that message in calls with President Hassan Rouhani of Iran and with Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Defense Secretary Mark T. Esper.
The Afghan leader's concerns arise from the fact that President Trump in recent days warned that Iranian retaliation for the drone strike that killed Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani would be met by heavy force. Two United States military officials, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss operations, said the American air assets in Afghanistan have repeatedly come up in discussions over potential responses to Iran, though the top United States commander in Afghanistan has urged caution about such plans.
Along with a border, Afghanistan shares complicated and extensive political, cultural and economic ties with Iran.
Throughout decades of war and upheaval, millions of Afghan refugees fled to Iran, where a large Afghan population remains.
Even during 18 years of a United States presence in Afghanistan, which Iran sees as a threat to its security, the Iranian government has largely taken a pragmatic approach.
It is very engaged with the American-backed Afghan government, and has been a source of some economic support — and, covertly, of bags of cash to influential Afghans — even when its own economy has ailed. But it has also maintained communications with some cells of the Taliban insurgency, betting that the Taliban will outlast the American military presence.
The depth of Iran's importance to Afghanistan was made clear in the public reaction of some of Afghanistan's most influential political leaders after the killing of General Suleimani, a hardened security operator who spoke with many Afghan officials over the years and who sent thousands of Afghan refugees to fight on Iran's side in the war in Syria.
Former President Hamid Karzai, who came to power after the American invasion and was supported by the United States during his 13 years in office, called General Suleimani a "man of dignity" as he condemned the United States' strike against him. Mohammed Hanif Atmar, a former Afghan national security adviser who put his signature to the strategic security agreement between Afghanistan and the United States, spoke glowingly of the general as a martyr.
Even Abdullah Abdullah, the chief executive of the current United States-brokered government, went to the Iranian Embassy to pay his condolences and sign a memorial book laid out for General Suleimani, officials said.
Richard Olson, a former United States special envoy to Afghanistan, said that despite the high number of potential American military targets in Afghanistan, Iran would be more likely to strike elsewhere — possibly Iraq, Syria or Lebanon, where Iran has tighter control over proxy forces.
Instead, any American reaction launched from Afghan soil might put more pressure on Afghan officials than any demands by Iran, Mr. Olson said.
"If we get into a prolonged, low-intensity conflict with Iran — which I think is likely, unfortunately — then the U.S. may get to thinking that we are going to need to stay in Afghanistan and maintain a relatively robust military presence to threaten Iran from the rear," he said.
"If we reach that decision," he added, "then I think that pretty much means the end of the peace process in Afghanistan."
Mr. Olson was referring to renewed talks between the United States and Taliban representatives in Doha, Qatar, aimed at negotiating an American military withdrawal and the eventual opening of direct talks between the Afghan government and the insurgency.
Two Western diplomats aware of the peace process said that the United States' strike against Iran, and Iran's retaliation in Iraq, will surely slow down the talks, as the Taliban try to grapple with what this means for their insurgency.
While some analysts believe that the elements of the Taliban close to Iran will now feel pressured to deliver on Iran's behalf, the diplomats said they hoped the Taliban would try to avoid being dragged deeper into another conflict at a time when they were so close to a deal.
During the upheaval of the 1990s, when the Taliban came to power in Afghanistan, the Shiite theocracy in Iran saw the group as an enemy force that oppressed Afghan Shiites and was hostile to Iran.
But while the United States was spending hundreds of billions of dollars in Afghanistan, and cycling nearly a million American troops through in the 18 years of war, Iran changed its policy, deciding to nurture the Taliban when it was useful. General Suleimani was central to that effort, according to United States and Afghan officials, which has given Iran a hedge against the United States in Afghanistan at very little cost.
Those officials say that in some cases, Iran has simply given Taliban leaders and their family members a refuge from American and Afghan forces, hosting them in Iran. One Afghan official said that General Suleimani made a point of allowing the smuggling networks that help finance the Taliban to pass unimpeded through Iran.
In other cases, Iranian support for the insurgency has been more significant. Afghan and Western officials say they know of Taliban offices in several Iranian cities. And the Taliban's former supreme leader, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour, had started making trips to Iran from his base in Pakistan. He was returning from one of those trips when a United States drone strike killed him in 2016.
With many of the Afghan leaders, General Suleimani had a history that reached back decades.
General Suleimani had a high profile within Afghanistan, and visiting Afghan officials often met with him in Iran.
American officials, too, were keenly aware of General Suleimani's interest, as some of the generals who have come to Afghanistan to lead had at other times crossed swords with General Suleimani elsewhere.
Before taking command in Afghanistan, Gen. Austin S. Miller was in charge of the joint special operations command leading missions in places like Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. General Miller's predecessor in that role had described General Suleimani as his "peer competitor."
But if things continue to escalate between the United States and Iran, Afghan and American officials fear that more active Iranian intervention could change the battlefield in Afghanistan.
One major concern is whether Iran might now begin providing more sophisticated weaponry to the Taliban — particularly the kind of portable antiaircraft missiles that over 18 years of fighting had not been a factor that American and Afghan officials had to face in fighting the insurgency.
After the killing of General Suleimani, a former Afghan intelligence chief, Rahmatullah Nabil, said on Twitter that it would be "no surprise" if such missile technology made its way into Taliban hands if a peace deal were to fall through.
But diplomats suggest the Taliban might be too rational to be dragged into such an escalation on the verge of a peace deal with the United States — unless they conclude that the United States is not leaving Afghanistan and needs to be forced out.
Thomas Gibbons-Neff contributed reporting from Washington.


The paper broadly examines the core trade interests of the EU and India, the content of the negotiations and outlines some key concerns of a potential deal for India in the areas of goods, services and investments, intellectual property rights and government procurement.
The final content of a free trade deal between the two holds major implications for policy space, livelihoods and other public interest concerns for India. The objective of the paper is to highlight some of the key concerns of a potential FTA that deserve critical attention based on a wider political economical perspective.


The 16th edition of the Ghacem Cement Foundation (GCF) was held last week in Takoradi where health and educational Institutions in the southern sector of the country (Western, Central, Eastern, Volta and Greater Accra regions) received cement allocations to aid their infrastructural projects.
The GCF secretariat annually gives cement to the institutions across the country grouped into Southern and Northern sectors as a support package for the institutions which are undertaking various projects.
A total of 14,000 bags valued at GH¢420,000 were handed over to the beneficiary institutions in the Southern Sector at an event in Takoradi. The Northern Sector (Ashanti, Northern, Brong Ahafo, Upper East and Upper West Regions) will also receive their allocations next week at a similar event in Kumasi.
The foundation has approved a total of 25,000 bags to be distributed across the country this year.
Present at the awards ceremony were Council Members of the foundation including the Chairman, Ehunabobrim Prah Agyensaim VI, Mr Morten Gade, Managing Director of Ghacem (member), Prof. Audrey Gadzekpo (member). Also present was Ghacem Works Manager for Takoradi, Mr Jorn Johansen.
Welcoming representatives of beneficiary institutions, Prof. Audrey Gadzekpo, observed the number of applications keeps increasing yearly which is a demonstration that the institutions have become good partners in the realization of the foundation's objective of ensuring health and educational institutions in deprived communities get adequate infrastructural support.
"The foundation has donated cement for close to 20 years which is no mean achievement so I, therefore, call on you to use the cement judiciously and for its intended purposes. Government alone cannot be left to provide infrastructure as such efforts from the private sector should be very much appreciated," she said.
In his keynote address, Managing Director of Ghacem, Mr Morten Gade said the company takes delight in honouring its corporate obligation annually as it gives an opportunity to appreciate the impact of its work especially in deprived communities who have limited central Government funding.
"For close to two decades Ghacem has supported schools, hospitals and other sensitive institutions in the country," he said.
He disclosed the company recently donated cement for the construction of the multi-purpose maternity block at the Okomfo Anokye Teaching Hospital under the First Lady's "Save a child, save a mother project".
Mr. Gade noted the GCF was commitment to give more support especially as he observed the outlook of the Ghanaian economy in 2018 looks positive with the cement industry gradually experiencing improvement with the passage of a Legislative Instrument to streamline bagged cement and the setting of the Ghana International Trade Commission to provide regulation of international trade in Ghana.
He applauded Government for the initiatives and said he was hopeful they will remedy the various injurious practices against local industries and also for reducing electricity tariff to make local industries more competitive.
"The macro economy is also moving in the right direction with reduced inflation and relatively stable currency which gives business confidence. With the implementation of the right policies, the economy could grow even beyond the forecasted 6.3% this year," he said.
Mr Gade disclosed that Ghacem's financial contributions to the Government in terms of direct and indirect taxes in 2017 amounted to Gh.¢ 280 million, "as a true nation builder" and assured of a continuous commitment to produce quality cement at an affordable price with unparalleled customer satisfaction.
Addressing the gathering, Ehunabobrim Prah Agyensaim VI, Chairman of the Foundation disclosed that over the last 16 years the foundation has disbursed almost 525,000 bags at a cost of Gh.¢ 16.8 million, bringing to the total number of communities that have benefited to almost 5,000.
He, therefore, called on all to keep patronizing Ghacem cement as a company that is reinvesting in communities and supporting development.
Most representatives of the beneficiary institutions who spoke to the press were upbeat the GCF had come at the opportune time to save lives in the deprived communities of the country. Mr William Ladzaka, An administrator of the Catholic Hospital Anfoega, Volta Region, a beneficiary institution could not hide his joy as he disclosed the event was the second time the hospital was receiving the support.
Another beneficiary, Asa SDA Basic School, Central Region represented by the headmaster, Nana Ampem Darko told the media the school is a regular beneficiary of GCF which has helped improved hygiene in the school.
"Last year we received cement and used it to complete our urinary and primary block. Until the completion of the projects, the kids urinated everywhere which posed a serious health hazard. Through the GCF our infrastructure has improved and teaching and learning has also been improved," Nana Ampem Darko said.


text:
"This Wave Shows No Sign of Stopping"
Sarah Pedersen
The teachers' strike wave is rolling on: today, Virginia educators are walking out. A rank-and-file teacher explains the movement's emergence and what's at stake.
State Capitol building, Richmond, Virginia, April 16, 2012. Skip Plitt / Wikimedia
Eric Blanc
Today, thousands of educators from across Virginia are walking out and converging at the state capitol for a public education day of action. Their movement in many ways resembles last year's explosive red-state revolts in West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Arizona. Given the weakness of Virginia's teachers' unions, and the absence of collective bargaining, militant teacher activists have initiated a statewide push from below for more school funding and pay raises.
Through on-the-ground organizing at school sites, social media, and some ingenious music videos, a new rank-and-file network — Virginia Educators United (VEU) — has begun to galvanize educators across the state. To discuss the emergence and stakes of this struggle, Jacobin's Eric Blanc spoke with Sarah Pedersen, a founder of VEU and a sixth-grade history teacher in Richmond.
What are conditions like for educators and students in Virginia?
During the recession, Virginia suffered a huge drop in revenue — and nothing was hit as hard as public education. And here we are, ten years later, and our public schools are still being forced to live under the same austerity regime.
What that means for me as a sixth-grade teacher is that I work in a building that is literally one hundred years old and every year we lose heat for at least a week. Since my students are primarily low-income, and since their parents can't always afford a winter coat, what happens is that a lot of them have to sit there shivering in my classroom.
My district was also in the news last year because we didn't have enough toilet paper for our students — I wish I could say it's a quirk of our particular budget, but I know so many teachers who are forced to buy hand sanitizer and tissues so our students can properly clean themselves. It's maddening, it's heartbreaking.
And as a teacher I'm personally faced with deep student loan debt and an outrageous hospital bill because the coverage we're provided doesn't even cover typical expenses. Last year, me and my husband (who is also a teacher) had a daughter and it cost us $10,000 out of pocket. That's outrageous to me because so many teachers, definitely a majority, are mothers — but our insurance here doesn't cover childbirth.
Can you speak about the organizing leading up to the January 28 walkout?
Our core group of organizers that make up Virginia Educators United, we're scattered all over the state. We initially met primarily through our union, the VEA [Virginia Education Association], though a few of us are in AFT [American Federation of Teachers].
We first got connected at last year's delegates assembly of the VEA. At that convention, a good number of us delegates were on fire because of what had happened in West Virginia. Lots of us were so moved by West Virginia that we started talking with each other after the assembly. And what we concluded was basically that to win we needed a larger coalition than just union members, which aren't even a majority of educators in Virginia. We knew we had to bring in parents. Really, we took a page out of what we'd seen work in these other states, where they were engaging the larger community. It was incredibly inspiring.
So we started a closed Facebook group and we invited everybody we knew to it; ever since it's been steadily growing. We're still pretty small, but over the past two weeks, every single day we hear about more schools and districts planning on coming to Richmond on January 28 for our day of action, which we called to coincide with the union's lobby day. Lots of teachers on their own have started self-organizing to get off work and get to Richmond — so this thing now has stronger legs than just those of us in Virginia Educators United.
One of our goals of putting out the call for a mass rally and action on January 28 was to show what collective and direct action looks like, for both union members and nonunion members. Another was to make sure that while there are some VEA members inside our legislative building lobbying, we'll also have thousands of people outside carrying the same message from all over the state in our rally and our march.
I imagine that one of the tricky things about this organizing is relating to the unions — how have you navigated this?
When we first started organizing, our original goal was mostly to drive up union membership in both VEA and AFT, to draw more radical energy into the union, to push it to a more progressive and active stance. And we wanted to do that within the structure of the union, which is one reason why we're supporting VEA's lobby day.
Really, we want to resurrect our unions, which is hard because currently they're in free fall. We're hoping to get them to step into their own power, in order to make both public education and the labor movement stronger. But to make that happen we need to push our unions to take on direct action and to do real organizing, not just provide insurance and lobbying. We want to resurrect teacher power and community power in our state.
What are the main demands of Virginia Educators United?
We've got five.
The first is to get per-pupil spending back to prerecession levels. Second, we're demanding that teacher pay be brought up to the national average and that pay for support staff be made competitive as well. Third, we're calling on the state to come up with a plan to recruit and retain quality teachers, particularly teachers of color. The fourth demand is for the state to make major improvements to school infrastructure. And our final demand is that the state government needs to ensure that every school has adequate support staff.
That piece on retaining teachers of color is significant — I haven't seen this particular demand raised yet in the other recent strikes. Do you see your movement as having a racial justice dimension?
Absolutely. My students are almost all students of color and so I want them to be able to have more teachers from their background, that's really important. And I want my kids to have every opportunity that kids in other states and other counties have. We teach with a social justice lens; our organizing is also going to have that framework.
Like with the recent strike in Los Angeles, Virginia has a Democratic governor — what role have Democratic politicians played in your state?
Virginia has had a Democratic governor and a Republican legislature for a very long time, which has provided a convenient excuse for the Democrats to explain why they can't get more education funding. However, those Democratic governors haven't always done right by us either.
The former governor, Terry McAuliffe, is the one that made the deal with Amazon, giving it $1 billion dollars. And in his letter to Amazon, to Jeff Bezos — the richest man in the world — our governor literally wrote that "in Virginia, we put corporate partners first."
That honesty is something else …
Right? I was surprised the quote didn't get around more.
So we've got a lot of corporate Democrats that have been elected, not only Republicans. One of our goals is to ensure that everyone runs on education in the upcoming election. Public education is the largest issue in Virginia right now and so far the voting records of almost all our legislators are paltry. For our students and for our communities, we need to ensure that we have candidates that have the political courage to confront the corporations.
Politicians on both sides of the aisle usually say that they support education, but that there's just not enough money to give us what we're asking for. Where do you think the funding should come from?
First of all, we've got a billion dollar surplus in Virginia right now. But what the legislature is about to do is pass a tax cut for families making over $125,000 a year. It's crazy — well, I guess it actually makes a lot of sense given who is funding these politicians. They don't care about our families. Or they're not brave enough to fight for our families.
That's part of it, but it goes deeper because Virginia has not raised its corporate tax in three years — and it is already one of the lowest in the country. And two-thirds of corporations in Virginia don't even pay income tax. Closing these loopholes would create more than enough revenue to meet our demands.
Can you speak a bit more about the inspiration you've gotten from the teachers' strikes in other states?
There's no other word for it than amazing — in every sense of the word. Before West Virginia, if you had asked anybody whether educators could strike in a red state, almost everybody would have told you: "No way, they'll lose their jobs."
But what West Virginia, Oklahoma, Kentucky, and Arizona all showed was that teachers have the moral authority to call attention to these issues — and that we have an obligation to do so.
One of the key things about the issue of public education is that it doesn't break left or right, it breaks working class. Regardless of your political affiliation, you want your kids to go to a good school.
And when parents hear that me and husband make so little that we're seriously considering leaving the state, they're devastated. Because they know that their children deserve qualified professionals who love their kids.
We're losing that quality education because both Democrats and Republican politicians have been starving our schools; both have been moving towards privatization and charterization. What these strikes are doing is that they're igniting a coalition of working-class people to advocate for those few public institutions that are still left in our country.
And now we have the powerful, inspiring example of Los Angeles. So this wave shows no sign of stopping anytime soon — and we're on it here in Virginia.
I have every expectation that those in power are going to need a few more wake-up calls before they meet our demands. And I have every expectation that we'll keep ringing these alarm bells for as long as it takes. We're not giving up.
Sarah Pedersen is a founder of VEU and a sixth-grade history teacher in Richmond.
Eric Blanc is a national surrogate for the Bernie Sanders campaign and the author of Red State Revolt: The Teachers' Strike Wave and Working-Class Politics .
2019 Teachers' Strikes
Today, thousands of educators from across Virginia are walking out and converging at the state capitol for a public education day of action. Their movement in many ways resembles last year's explosive red-state revolts in West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Arizona. Given the weakness of Virginia's teachers' unions, and the absence of collective bargaining, militant teacher […]
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