The Sheriff is responsible to know the community the best way to know the community is to be involved in the community.
Sheriff Mack: has been involved in his community by serving on multiple civic and community boards. Sheriff Mack: is the past president of the central Baldwin Chamber of Commerce, Member of the central Baldwin Sunset Rotary Club, member of the Perdido beach optimist club, Member of the Boy Scouts of America Advisory Council, Youth Reach Advisory Council, Sheriffs Boys Ranch Support Group, Member of the South Baldwin and North Baldwin Chambers of Commerce, participated in South Alabama Honor Flight, Is a registered member of supporting the Alabama National Guard and Reserves, participated in multiple fundraising events supporting care house Lighthouse and other family support services in entities.
Sheriff Mack: is also the worship leader and Sunday school teacher for the Robertsdale United Methodist Church.


text:
/* Source file for GAPS graphics module */

/* Include files */

#include "R3Graphics.h"

// Namespace

namespace gaps {

/* Private variables */

static int R3graphics_active_count = 0;

int R3InitGraphics(void)
{
    // Check whether are already initialized
    if ((R3graphics_active_count++) > 0) return TRUE;

    // Initialize dependencies
    if (!R3InitShapes()) return FALSE;

    // Initialize submodules
    if (!R3InitMaterial()) return FALSE;

    // return OK status
    return TRUE;
}

void R3StopGraphics(void)
{
    // Check whether have been initialized
    if ((--R3graphics_active_count) > 0) return;

    // Stop submodules
    R3StopMaterial();

    // Stop dependencies
    R3StopShapes();
}

} // namespace gaps

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Who Would Win a U.S.-Japan vs. China War? A Recent War Game Presents Some Clues.
August 10, 2020 Topic: Security Region: Asia Blog Brand: The Buzz Tags: ChinaAmericaJapanPLAPLA NavyWar GamesWorld War III
Here's what one war game forecasted could happen.
A recent think tank wargame explores the prospect of a massive war between China and America and Japan in 2030, introducing many war-time questions about submarines, amphibious attack, surface ships and fifth-generation fighters.
According to a story in Foreign Policy, the Center for New American Security's wargame unfolds as follows:
"…A Chinese flotilla lands 50 soldiers on Uotsuri Jima, an island in the East China Sea that is part of the Senkakus, an island chain owned by Japan but also claimed by China. Declaring a 50-mile exclusion zone around the Senkakus, Beijing deploys a ring of surface ships, submarines, warplanes, and drones—backed by ballistic missiles based on the Chinese mainland…"
Japan counterattacks, sending in amphibious warships, submarines, surface warships and aircraft-backed Marines.
Given the existing "Mutual Defense Pact," the U.S. sends aircraft carriers and other assets to support Japan, with specific instructions not to exchange fire with Chinese forces. That does not work, according to the wargame scenario.
Therefore, war between China and the U.S.-Japan alliance ensues. By any estimation, it would be the largest engagement the world has seen in just about 100 years, and like no other in history, it would be entirely multi-domain.
A maritime engagement between the United States and China would likely incorporate a wide range of complex and dangerous variables. Initially, by 2030 the Chinese Navy is likely much larger and potentially just as sophisticated as the U.S. Navy, or at least in a position to rival American technical supremacy.
Much of the outcome of this kind of war might be decided by several distinct factors, such as the technical evolution of Aegis radar and accurate, long-range sensors. Both the U.S. and Chinese warships will be armed with massive, long-range attack weapons, so it would seem that the prevailing force would be that with the best and highest resolution sensors.
The force "out-ranging" the other with intelligence, search, and reconnaissance through aerial or surface drone sensors and sensor-enabled F-35s, might be likely to rule the day. Given this, the country with the best air support would be likely to emerge victorious, hinging upon on whether the Chinese fifth-generation J-20 and J-31 stealth fighters can equal or out-perform the F-22 and F-35. The winner of that engagement would be much better positioned to out-range and out-attack the opposing force.
Ultimately, the country with the more advanced AI-enabled sensors, long-range weapons and surface-to-air-to-undersea networking would destroy the other. Who will have better sensors and networking? Perhaps the country with superior space weapons, electronic warfare capabilities and "hardened" communications would be best positioned?
Also, whose communications would get jammed? Who has better alternatives to GPS? Who has more lower flying, faster, armed and better networked satellites? The country with this advantage could potentially destroy large portions of the opposition military from space in the initial portions of any conflict.
By 2030, satellite-fired weapons will likely be here, scalable lasers will bring unforeseen range both within and beyond the earth's atmosphere and satellite sensor sophistication and weaponization would likely determine the victor.
Interestingly, one of the wargame circumstances described in the Foreign Policy report involved a decision to "jam" or attack Chinese communications systems as opposed to pursuing a more kinetic or direct fire option.
Also, Aegis radar and other elements of the Navy's ship-based layered defenses would determine whether Chinese land-fired anti-ship missiles were able to successfully destroy U.S. carriers and warships.
Should the U.S. Navy succeed in engineering new, extremely sophisticated layered ship defenses with now-emerging weapons such as laser interceptors, drones and electronic warfare by 2030, Chinese attacks might be stopped. Same would be true on the Chinese side, meaning the maritime force with the best defenses would most likely have an upper hand.
Given all of these factors, sheer force size in terms of numbers of ships, provided each had several hundred, might be less significant than the technical elements of the weapons themselves.
This area of war, it seems clear, would also expectedly hinge upon air power, because if U.S. stealth fighters and bombers were able to penetrate Chinese airspace and destroy land-fired weapons, then ship defenses would have a tremendous advantage as well. Undersea war would also be decisive, as the country dominating below the surface would be in position for forward attack and clandestine reconnaissance missions.
At least initially, it is likely that the U.S.-Japan alliance would attack with the more limited goal of liberating the island chain or at least repelling the Chinese presence from the contested area of the East China Sea. This brings a potential advantage as the strategy would be to avoid a major, protracted ground war against China's one-million strong, armored land Army.
However, if a more immediate or short-term objective evolved into full-scale war, major force-on-force land war might be unavoidable. Right now, the outcome with that would seem extremely uncertain.
Also, some kind of land-engagement, if on smaller swaths of terrain, would be expected due to amphibious assault. This presents problems and challenges for both countries, particularly in light of China's massive uptick in amphibious assault ship construction. China is already launching its second high-tech Type 075 amphibious assault ship and is expected to have a large and dangerous amphibious fleet by 2030.
Kris Osborn is defense editor for the National Interest. Osborn previously served at the Pentagon as a Highly Qualified Expert with the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army—Acquisition, Logistics & Technology. Osborn has also worked as an anchor and on-air military specialist at national TV networks. He has appeared as a guest military expert on Fox News, MSNBC, The Military Channel, and The History Channel. He also has a Masters Degree in Comparative Literature from Columbia University.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Marek Miś on How to Make the Microworld Colorful
Welcome to Masters of Microscopy: The People Behind the Lens, where we showcase and celebrate the individuals who are the heart of the Nikon Small World competitions. They are scientists, artists, researchers, educators and everyday curious individuals who uncover the fascinating microscopic world around us.
Marek Miś
Marek Miś, whose work has been honored in multiple Nikon Small World competitions, is well-known for his unique style of photomicrography that captures rich color schemes in a three-dimensional format. He uses special techniques of illumination, leveraging polarization and dark field. Oftentimes, he'll even use homemade accessories, such as custom compensators made of cellophane packaging from CDs and magazines. These approaches have created a signature style of color that may surprise some to learn started from black and white negatives.
His interest in microscopy and observing the microworlds began shortly after his father presented him with his first camera at age 12. This passion grew when hediscovered Paul de Kruif's classic "Microbe Hunters" and was introduced to the work of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. He notes, "I wanted to discover new worlds… for myself, but also for others. I wanted to show others these hidden worlds."
Miś's first attempt to capture what was beneath the microscope was by hand, drawing everything he saw. In 1980, he began capturing his specimens with a Smiena 8M camera on black and white negatives. But it wasn't until 2009 that Miś purchased a digital camera and truly began pursuing photomicrography. That very same year, he entered the Nikon Small World competition for the first time and had two images recognized. Since then, his work has been honored with five images of distinction, two honorable mentions and three top 20 images.
Original drawings of Miś's early observations through the microscope.
"Photomicrography is a special type of photography, because I can show what is completely invisible to most people," said Miś. "It allows others, even for a moment, to enter a completely different world accessible only to people equipped with microscopes."
A biologist by education and an avid builder of field microscopes, Miś acknowledges that his background has played an important role in his current work. However, he views his approach to photographing as more artistic than scientific.
"Optical microscopy and the construction of microscopes was my first real passion," said Miś'. His pieces are so intricate, in fact, that one of his custom made microscopes was presented by professor Brian Ford from the University of Cambridge at the annual meeting in Chicago in 2006 (Chicago Inter Micro).
For instance, when photographing one of his favorite subjects, microorganisms, he aims to make sure that they are not completely isolated, but that the photo will be with a bit of its natural environment. Similarly, when capturing various recrystallized substances, he is meticulous with the order of the frame, looking for both total abstractions and themes reminiscent of scenes we might see in "our normal, big world." This creates unique, structured images that inspire viewers.
"It is fascinating how different microcrystalline systems of the same substance can differ from each other when created in different conditions," said Miś. "It makes watching and photographing microcrystals a never-ending adventure."
One of Miś' favorite micrographs (which won 6th place in the 2012 Competition) - "I like this image because the algae Cosmarium looks like a spaceship orbiting over the Earth. The Earth is a small piece of Sphagnum (a kind of moss)." Micrograph taken in polarized light.
Micrograph is transversal cross-section of an apple tree stalk, taken in polarized light and dark field. "It reminds me of some impressionistic landscape with white clouds," said Miś.
Recrystallized ascorbic acid in dark field and polarized light. The image resembles an odd city by night.
His imagery of microorganisms, plant tissues and microcrystals have been recognized internationally. In 2015, Miś's unique images were selected for the worldwide photomicrography exhibition organized by The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, entitled "Beyond the Bulb." Today, apart from photographing microorganisms, microcrystals and plant tissues, he is focused on capturing other subjects like air bubbles and slightly larger invertebrate organisms or parts of their bodies and works closely with Science Photo Library, Science Source and Diomedia. In addition, he teaches photomicrography classes at a cultural center in his hometown of Suwałki, Poland.
"Through my work, I want to show the microworld in an interesting and slightly different way. I want to show that it can be very diverse, colorful and surprising," said Miś. "Photomicrography can be treated as art, and not just a boring, documentary record of the structures and processes observed under the microscope."
You can see more of Mis's work on his website or at Nikon Small World.
To stay up to date with the "Masters of Microscopy" series and receive your daily dose of Nikon Small World, follow us on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook. Be sure to follow Nikon Instruments for the latest updates on equipment and technology.
16 Eduardo Zattara
15 Jason Kirk
14 Fabian Weston
13 Charles Krebs
12 Daniel Castranova
11 Kazi Fazle Rabbi & Xiao Yan
10 Nancy Kedersha
9 Jonas King
8 Philippe Laissue
7 Teresa Zgoda & Teresa Kugler
6 Igor Siwanowicz
5 Elizabeth Haynes & Jiaye "Henry" He
4 Yousef Al Habshi
3 Marek Miś
2 Margaret Oechsli
1 Wim van Egmond


text:
Basic and Translational Science
Advancing new medical treatments and potential cures requires an investment in basic laboratory science and biological research. The Board of Governors (BOG) has supported two burgeoning scientific frontiers bearing great promise in the fight against cancer: immunotherapy and experimental therapeutics.
Immunotherapy harnesses the body's immune system to combat cancer, without the side effects associated with traditional treatments. With immunotherapy, our researchers' aim is to eliminate the need for chemo and radiation therapies altogether. The power and promise of this science is immense and the BOG stands as one of its earliest champions.
Experimental therapeutics involves testing cancer therapies at their earliest stage of development and identifying new critical pathways for therapeutic intervention.
Equally important in developing a body of science is the recruitment of outstanding faculty to advance its progress. The BOG was instrumental in expanding City of Hope's immunotherapeutic and experimental therapeutic programs.
Hand in hand with science, critical infrastructure is needed to house and support research efforts, including new technology and specialized laboratories. The BOG has played a key role in funding and establishing the Clinical Immunobiology Correlative Studies Laboratory (CICSL), an essential lab that critically examines the effects of cancer immunotherapies in patients.
The BOG recognized the importance of the CICSL, renamed, The Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy Laboratory, and continues its support toward further discoveries.


"Its problem was battery lasted 4 hours!"
"Battery like is not great probably about 2-3 hours ave volume but for the size it makes sense."
"I think that was the only disappointing factor to the headset was the battery life, especially since I owned their headphones and I was expecting it to last seemingly forever or at least the same ungodly 20+ hours as the Matrix2, but nope."
"My only complaint it no on - screen battery indicator on android phones like there is on my ipod ."
"Pros:Good battery life, I charge them once a week."
"Battery life is pretty good 6-8 hours and they charge in about an hour."
"Only change Id love to see is longer battery life."
"great fit, great sound, great battery, perfect for running and just what I needed! "
"These sound great, but using them at work the battery life of 4 to 5 hours is not nearly long enough."
"Sound broke up while sitting still at less than 10 feet from Bluetooth device."
"I hate bulky bluetooth earbuds."
"My final opinion: These are a steal for their price, and are probably some of the best, if not the best sub $100 Bluetooth earbuds."
"The sound is ok pretty decent for a bluetooth head set, my problem is the on off button stopped working after 4 months... wrote the company these morning and eating o hear back from them..."
"I've literally had 0 problems with bluetooth connection on these."
"I paid for other well known brands of Bluetooth, only to throw those away for this model."
"The sound quality on these, I would say is comparable to most good quality $40-$50 earbuds, which is awesome for Bluetooth earbuds at this price, and you are getting the Bluetooth, which is awesome."
"Excellent bluetooth connectivity with little interruptions."
"The only thing I am not satisfied with is that it still seems to cut out in certain positions but my other ones did that as well so maybe it's a Bluetooth issue or something but I was hoping these would do better."
"Love that it uses a universal microUSB charger."
"Charging is quick for 4 hours of use and easy because everything takes micro usb these days."
"Im also happy to share that a tight seal didnt compromise comfort for me."
"Four hours is pretty generous for my usage but I say more just to be comfortable."
"I wanted a Bluetooth headphone that is low profile, light stays in, reliable in sound quality, and above all comfortable."
"Other than that, they work well and are comfortable."
"Loud, good noise isolation, comfortable, approximately 5hr battery life, easy to use"
"The only complaint is the Bluetooth connection is a very short distance."
"I suspect that because i had, GPS+Dowloding Music from itunes radio + Bluethoot, there was not good connection with the phone."
"No so good because some noise in the music, because no good connection."
"I also tested the Multi-Connection feature by connecting a phone and tablet at the same time and this worked well."
"If I push these into my ear and hold them, they sound good, when the connection doesn't drop out."
"While these pair well, have decent quality audio, and maintain a strong connection at a respectable distance from my phone, they do not stay in-ear at all."
"No problems connecting to my phone, definitely enjoy them over my regular plug in head phones."
"The overall fit is not as good as my SoundPeats."
"In summary, it's a good bluetooth stereo headphones for sounds and fit, but terrible for sweats."
"They sound great, they fit in your ear without dropping out, and are comfortable."
"The sound is amazing, and it fits very well in my ears."
"Theyre an amazing fit for my ears and stay in no matter what Im doing."
"Personally, a large flange tip fit me best and I have no issues with ear pieces falling out of my ear anymore! "
"Once I got a good seal with the tips that fit the best, the sound is actually really good!"
"It did take me some time to get the right ear tips that fit my ears well enough as to keep the earbuds from falling out."
"Love that theyre sleek and stylish, very light and easy to travel with."
"Love the little bugger for being super light as well."
"Good compact wireless buds - Good sound and light."
"Also, I notice the BT strength and range is not too great as I've noticed skipping and stuttering of music around 15 ft. or so."
"I wouldn't really mind about this, except that not having enough bass means that external sounds mix in with my music, like my neighbours piano sounds or the terrible music they play at my gym."
"I'm no audiophile but I do enjoy listening to music and an headphone fanatic."
"So far the best use I've found is to turn the music up very loud and wrap them over my ear so they stay in place while I do weights."
"Good for listening to music inconspicuously at the office."
"The battery life is decent, but they last long enough for me to listen to music or movies all night which is the main reason why I bought them."
"There is decent BASS when listening to rock and electronic music."
"What that did for me was an excellent seal which provided noise isolation, an impressive bass, and really, really secure buds that stayed in even while Im frantically running to catch my bus."
"Blocks out outside noise, which can be good and bad?"
"They noise isolation is pretty good with the right buds as they can really make a seal and block everything out."
"External noise was blocked out nicely as well."
"My PROs:- light, easy to switch plugs to get that right fit in your ear- the extra option for ear stays add additional anchoring to your ear for added stability- pairing was easy- sounds, not the best in ranges, shallow bass, but good mid range and high range areas- tangle free, well, since it is short cord, you don't have to worry about the cord being wrapped up into a knotMy No So Pro's:- the mic control volume control is on the right side, very close to your ear."
"Pairing of several devices worked well enough."
"In fairness, I didn't see this problem when I paired them with my [newer] Chromebook."
"Pairing is fast and sound quality is phenomenal."
"Right out of the box, I was having a bit of trouble pairing these earphones to my Windows computer even though I had no problem pairing it with my iPhone."
"I was worried I wasted my money buying these more expensive headphones when I first tried them."
"Not even as good as the cheap earbuds Apple used to supply with its products."
"In conclusion great set of earbuds, powerful crisp sound and last but not least excellent value for the money! "
"They are a decent product for the price, but there are much better headphones available such as the Jaybird."
"These are great quality for the price and (mostly) well designed."
"Thanks for such a great product for a fantastic price! "
"They're pretty cheap (though not so much when you convert them to australian dollars) and they play music via bluetooth, but other than that I'd spend some more money on something better."
"They do stay in place well....see a bit cheap for the price."
"Quality of sound is not perfect but I have no issues with it."
"while sound quality is good, they are hard to use, they frequently will not turn on even after charging and have to plug them back in again, mess with them and reset them multiple times to get them to finally work."
"About the only fault I could find was the sound quality, which is sort of shallow and tin-like."
"One other thing to mention, the range is not good, 10 feet at best, but it seems to break up even if my phone is in my back pocket."
"Carrying my iPhone in my pocket, reception of the headphones is flaky, playback is breaking up and range less than 3 feet, absolutely unacceptable."
"The range is not as good (not a problem because my phone is always nearby) but overall they are a much better fit for my needs."
"My SoundPeats and a pair of Sony BT headphones have a greater range around 25-30ft as I can walk around my living room and kitchen easily without skips."
"I just want to say the bluetooth range on these are so amazing!"
"Happy to say, it now pairs perfectly with my computer, with a very decent range and audio quality."
"They are comfortable and the battery life is really decent for such a small product! "
"Audio quality is pretty decent for the size."
"In all seriousness, I really was looking for affordable Bluetooth earphones that sounded good while being small enough to tuck away in my bags when I was taking public transportation and these earphones fit the bill."
"The size small ear tip is pretty decent--they might not be the tri-flange tips I love, but they work very well! "
"I'm a sound acoustics snob and the sound is pretty good but by no means phenomenal."
"The sound is scratchy, the bass is weak, the mid and treble are a joke."
"- Lightweight- Good sound qualityCons:- Controls are difficult to use."
"Regarding the sound, the mids highs are good, however, the lows bass is disappointing as I have owned other MEE earbuds headphones and expected more bass from these."
"The sound is generally good in the highs and mids."
"The only negatives I have about it are the weight of the ear pieces makes the ear buds want to slip out of the ear occasionally."
"It is VERY portable and lightweight - prob it's best feature."
"This product is almost there, great sounds, they isolate from outside sound very well, easy to pair, good enough (5 hours) battery life, super light weight, and a good price."
"Pros - Lightweight, good bass,Cons - occasional interference and breaks when listening to music."
"I had considered spending the same amount for one set of higher quality wireless buds for myself, but I wanted to get something nice for the wife."
"I was looking into these headphones because they were wireless and comfortable, but theres a great deal more!"
"Great inexpensive wireless headset - still happy with it after a couple of months."
"I would recommend if you wanted the wireless convenience for listening music from your phone."


Skirts typically use pleats as a way to add fullness from the waist, hip, or hem. Skirts use pleats for both functionality (ease of movement) and as a design element.
Kick pleats are commonly used in a narrow skirts to allow for freedom of movement. One or more kick pleats are used at the center front, center back, or side hem to allow for stride.
Box pleats, knife pleats, and sunburst pleats are commonly found on skirts as a design element.
Typically, a shirt or blouse will have a box pleat or two at the center back to allow for the shoulder blades to move freely. Also, the sleeve of a standard shirt will have a pleat where the sleeve tapers into the cuff.
Jackets and jacket linings will generally have an inverted box pleat for similar reasons as the standard shirt, to allow for the back and shoulder blades to move freely.
The traditional trouser pant has pleats just below the waistband on the front of the garment. Pleats that open toward the pockets are called reverse pleats and pleats that open toward center front are called forward pleats.
On the other hand, more casual styles of pants, like jeans or cargo's, will have a flat front. However, contemporary styles seen in the marketplace today use a lot of tucks and pleats as a design element.
Some pockets use box pleats to allow for the pocket to expand. Think bellow or cargo pocket. Similarly, a lot of bags and accessories will use similar types of construction to allow for expansion.
Kick pleats are short pleats that are generally placed at the center front, center back, side, or goreline. They can either be inverted or box pleats. They are most commonly used at the hem of a narrow garment such as a skirt of long coat to allow for extra stride room.
The depth is the distance from the outside fold to the inside fold of a pleat.
Underlay is always twice the pleat depth. For example; a 3″ pleat depth = a 6″ underlay.
Very helpful. The double inverted box pleat on the skirt reminds me of film noir movies, when the private eye always gets a visit from a glamorous blonde wearing a curve-hugging suit, and the trouble starts!
Great idea, I'll add that to the ideas cache!
You too much. Thank you so much, well explained and easy to assimilate.
THANK YOU FOR THE SIMPLE WAY ILLUSTRATIONS TO TEACH PLEATS.
I just have to say wow and i am extremely grateful to have found this website and i am very surprised with all of the info you have here for free! Very informative and i am learning alot, I recently decided I want to pursue fashion design but I can't afford to go to school so I will be teaching myself and especially thanks to you because I'm learning pattern making too!


text:
Joëlle van Koetsveld van Ankeren (born 2 June 1973) is a Dutch short track speed skater. She competed in two events at the 1992 Winter Olympics.

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Dutch female short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters of the Netherlands
Short track speed skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
20th-century Dutch women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Well furnished two room apartment in the center of Siauliai.
In the apartment you will find a beautiful view from the balcony, all necessary household appliances (refrigerator, microwave, stove), as well as bed linen, towels, hairdryer, dishes, hangers.
The apartment can accommodate 4 people. The room has a sofa bed for two people. In sleeping room is also bed for two peolpe.
Good transport links by public transport with all parts of the city. Only 600 meters. Up to the lake, 550 m. to the city boulevard and 250 m. to the central Park.


Blосkсhаin technology iѕ a "shared, decentralized, distributed lеdgеr оf all trаnѕасtiоnѕ across a network." Thаt'ѕ a bit оf a mоuthful, ѕо lеt'ѕ brеаk it down. Essentially, blockchain tесhnоlоgу ѕесurеlу diѕtributеѕ dаtа асrоѕѕ mаnу соmрutеrѕ, ensuring thаt аll those соmрutеrѕ саn vаlidаtе аnу trаnѕасtiоnѕ on the blockchain.
As a CIO, you рrоbаblу ѕреnd a lot оf time thinking аbоut уоur оrgаnizаtiоn'ѕ суbеrѕесuritу. Yоu may be wоrriеd about thrеаtѕ likе DDоS аttасkѕ, dаtа thеft, аnd user idеntitу ѕесuritу. Thеѕе threats саn have a ѕеriоuѕ nеgаtivе еffесt on a buѕinеѕѕ. Cоmраniеѕ thаt еxреriеnсе суbеr incidents mау hаvе tо pay finеѕ, аnd thеir inѕurаnсе рrеmiumѕ mау inсrеаѕе. Thеу mау lоѕе сuѕtоmеrѕ оr contracts.
Blосkсhаin technology mау bе аblе tо hеlр you keep уоur organization ѕесurе. That's bесаuѕе blockchain hаѕ nо ѕinglе point оf failure. The ѕуѕtеm iѕ decentralized, so it'ѕ nearly imроѕѕiblе fоr ѕоmеоnе tо саrrу оut a DDоS аttасk. Thiѕ will givе you оnе lеѕѕ thing tо worry аbоut.
Thiѕ technology can аlѕо hеlр prevent data thеft. Currently, dаtа саn only bе encrypted whеn it'ѕ еithеr being ѕtоrеd оr bеing trаnѕmittеd. Whеn thе data iѕ in use (like when an employee is ассеѕѕing a file), it hаѕ tо be decrypted. Thе data iѕ vulnеrаblе аt thiѕ timе. For еxаmрlе, if аttасkеrѕ саn gеt intо the system, thеу саn ѕее the рlаin-tеxt dаtа thе еmрlоуее iѕ viеwing.
Blосkсhаin tесhnоlоgу hаѕ been uѕеd tо сrеаtе a dесеntrаlizеd сlоud рlаtfоrm, called Enigma, tо ѕоlvе this problem. Emрlоуееѕ саn view data аnd perform thеir wоrk tаѕkѕ whilе still rеtаining рrivасу. Thе dаtа iѕ diѕtributеd among multiрlе parties, ѕо nо one has full ассеѕѕ tо thе dаtа. Thiѕ hеlрѕ kеер your dаtа frоm fаlling intо thе wrong hаndѕ.
Blосkсhаin technology hаѕ thе роtеntiаl tо trаnѕfоrm record kеерing. With blосkсhаin, thе lеdgеr filе iѕn't stored оn оnе соmраnу'ѕ ѕеrvеr. Copies of thе ledger file аrе ѕhаrеd аmоng thousands of реrѕоnаl computers. Since there are ѕо mаnу copies, your dаtа iѕ mоrе ѕесurе thаn it would bе if it wеrе оnlу ѕtоrеd in one location.
Whеn nеw data iѕ entered in the blосkсhаin, it саn't ever be erased. That's bесаuѕе thе blocks аrе linkеd together. Since thе blосkѕ can't bе сhаngеd, you'll know уоur records are true аnd vеrifiаblе. Evеrу trаnѕасtiоn thе organization has еvеr mаdе will bе ѕtоrеd in thе blосkсhаin. Thiѕ mаkеѕ blockchain vеrу useful fоr auditing аnd rесоrd kеерing purposes.
Eventually, thе еntirе соmmеrсiаl world's rесоrd keeping соuld bе integrated with blockchain tесhnоlоgу. Thаt соuld еliminаtе hugе аmоuntѕ оf rесоrd kеерing for buѕinеѕѕеѕ.
Although blockchain technoloy alone will not be able to resolve all the challenges of the supply chain and logistics, they will contribute to securing transactions, fighting fraud and limiting errors.


Firm earns more than 200 first-tier rankings across the United States as well as national "Law Firm of the Year" distinction.
Our e-discovery blog, Electronic Discovery Law, focuses on legal issues, news, and best practices relating to the discovery of electronically stored information.
The K&L Gates e-Discovery Analysis & Technology (e-DAT) group delivers creative, efficient, and cost-effective records management, e-discovery, and litigation readiness services to a broad range of clients across multiple industries. Our team, led by experienced trial lawyers, includes partners, staff lawyers, document review lawyers, litigation support managers, paralegals, clerks, and coders. We have been at the forefront of e-discovery and automated records management for over a decade, counseling clients nationally and internationally on these issues.
Our capabilities are used in a wide range of litigation, investigation, compliance, and business matters. We regularly serve as special counsel for discovery-related issues for our clients involved in litigation, governmental, or regulatory matters, even where our firm is not primary counsel in the matter. We learn the intricacies of our clients' business as well as their electronic documents and data, applying that knowledge to each new matter while working closely with inside and outside counsel.
When legal review of documents is required, we rely on our specially trained review lawyers, most of whom have worked for K&L Gates for years. These professionals have made document review their careers, and unlike other review teams, are employees of the firm. This pool and depth of experience allows us to expand and contract quickly – growing to more than 100 review lawyers when necessary – staffing matters to best meet the needs of our clients.
Our lawyers frequently write and speak on records management and e-discovery topics at national and international conferences and legal profession events, as well as bringing their collective experience and knowledge to bear on client matters. We are involved at the forefront of document retention and electronic discovery policy through Lawyers for Civil Justice, the Sedona Conference, the Georgetown Advanced E-Discovery Institute, and other organizations, and are participating in the process of updating the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and various state rules to address the discovery of electronically stored information.
Does your organization have a records retention policy? Is it actually followed? We help clients develop and implement effective retention policies to manage their records – and risk. Our group built and maintains a database composed of the statutory and regulatory records retention requirements in all 50 U.S. states, in the District of Columbia, and under federal law, as well as addressing retention and privacy issues outside the United States. We counsel clients on risk management; help develop and refine record retention policies and practices; offer training programs in regard to e-mail, record retention, and litigation holds; and advise clients on related issues. We also have developed creative pricing solutions for various services to maximize value while minimizing costs.
We work with clients to develop response plans for litigation, government, or regulatory investigations that are tailored to their business, records, and litigation profile. Our methodology focuses on four key areas: retention, collection, review, and production. Using different tools, we work with clients and their staff to identify the information needed to strategically plan discovery responses and to participate in the early discussion of e-discovery issues.
We also work with clients to draft and track legal hold notices; craft requests and objections; identify custodians and document locations; develop defensible collection plans that can be tracked and documented; develop plans for the review, protection, and production of documents; assist with offensive discovery; and advise on motion practice. We bring our experience, knowledge, and business practices to bear on each matter, looking for the best overall solution in each unique situation.
Discovery of electronic records has become a central concern in litigation and government and regulatory investigations. In some cases, settlement strategy, and even trial outcomes, hinge on the burden, costs, and potential pitfalls surrounding e-discovery.
Over the years, we have been engaged in managing the discovery process across a wide range of commercial litigation, antitrust, class action, and other complex litigation matters, as well as complex governmental or regulatory investigations. While these services have been used successfully in some of the country's largest, most document-intensive cases, they are equally suitable for nearly any size or type of matter. We work with clients to develop reasonable, responsible, and defensible plans for responding to discovery requests, at reasonable costs that may be budgeted in advance.
At the onset of a matter, we use a unique combination of cutting-edge technology, specially trained review lawyers, and proven business processes to review and produce electronic and hard copy documents, often in a fraction of the time and at a substantially lower cost than traditional review methods.
Our review lawyers frequently use RingtailTM, utilizing document-mapping technology originally developed at the behest and with the help of our lawyers, to help efficiently and effectively review massive amounts of electronic records. These technologies reduce the volume of records to be reviewed, identify the relevant concepts contained in a particular dataset, and present them graphically to reviewers in ways that expedites review without compromising quality. Our personnel annually process hundreds of millions of records.
In the early 1990s K&L Gates became one of the first law firms to set up an automated litigation support department to assist clients in organizing and managing very large volumes of ESI, hard copy documents, transcripts, trial exhibits, graphics, and work product.
Over the years, we have managed records for a wide variety of commercial litigation: antitrust, class action, construction, contract, corporate, insurance coverage, intellectual property, product liability, toxic tort, and other complex litigation matters, as well as complex governmental or regulatory investigations. Our review tools and techniques have also been used successfully in corporate due diligence and HSR reviews and for other transactional work. We work with our clients to develop a reasonable, responsible, and defensible plan for responding to their case and transactional needs. We design an information management structure and process customized for each matter, and can supply projected costs in advance based on document volume and the nature of the review.
In addition to Document Mapper and Ringtail, our in-house litigation support applications include CaseMap, Concordance, Crawler, LAW, LiveNote, Sanction, TimeMap, TrialDirector, Trident, and other specialized applications that allow us the flexibility to handle a wide variety of litigation and practice support needs.
Document retention advice, including policy development and review, and litigation readiness.
Due diligence review of e-mail and other internal documents in connection with business transactions.
Full review of electronic and hard copy documents for responsiveness and privilege in response to litigation or governmental inquiries.
Hart-Scott-Rodino review for 4c filing and second requests.
Litigation support, including issue coding, deposition and trial preparation, and trial support.
Service as national discovery counsel or special discovery counsel for multiple Fortune 500 and smaller corporations.
Privilege review, including production of detailed privilege logs.
Snapshot review of electronic documents for pre-litigation assessments and internal investigations.


To be not in Reykjavík we rented a small summer cottage near Borgarnes. Yes, to be not in Reykjavík around New Years Evening ... And it was very silent here ... very silent.
19 pictures taken in December. Also here: You will see a lot of snow :-).
Snow, snow, snow ... Seen at park Klamdratún.
Spontaneously I decided to see the roofs - from above - of Reykjavík downtwon. Roofs covered with snow!


On Tuesday, Year 7 and 8 pupils took part in study skills workshops with the company Learning Performance. Year 7 had the theme "Memory Matters" and within this the pupils looked at how the brain worked best and were given effective memory techniques to help them with revision and the day to day learning of large amounts of information in their lessons.
Year 8 pupils had a slightly longer workshop which focused on a few things to help them in preparing for revision and exams. This included lots of discussion and interactive activities about how pupils can manage stress and strategies for the exams themselves (e.g. "what to do if I get stuck?").
The pupils should have brought their booklets home with them but if they did not, or they missed the session, we have added them to Firefly for parents to download. Tutors will also be referring to these over the course of the next few months to remind pupils of the strategies they can use to help them get the most out of their learning and revision.


text:
Bridge acquired AdOn Network, a leading provider of innovative contextual and behavioral advertising solutions for advertisers and publishers on the Internet. Concurrent with the acquisition of AdOn Network, Bridge also acquired Prime Visibility and merged the two companies into a single entity called "PV Media Group". Bridge worked collaboratively with management to return the company to its strong growth trajectory following the recession and to maximize the synergies between the two merged companies. After doubling EBITDA from the time of its acquisition, Bridge sold PV Media Group to a publicly traded UK-based strategic acquirer, Blinkx plc (now RhythmOne)
www.rhythmone.com Back to Top


After Grey Caverly witnesses her father's horrific death, she swears never to let anyone into her life again. How long will that last? A Frank Iero fan fiction.
When the other bands members are out, Frank walks in on Gerard doing something that is going to change both their lives.


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Crosswords that match the answer system, What crosswords have the answer system?
Here are a list of crosswords and crossword clues where the answer is system. We take a large list of crossword puzzles and find the most common useful answers to crossword clues to provide for our Crossword Solver.
NY Times, Fri, May 12, 1995 26 across Establishment, with "the"
NY Times, Thu, May 23, 1996 22 across The S in "DOS"
NY Times, Fri, Sep 18, 1998 59 across Communism or capitalism, e.g.
NY Times, Thu, May 08, 2003 6 down Interstate grid, e.g.


I'm off to South Africa to Design Indaba. I'm potentially speaking. If not this year, next year.
I've never been to South Africa. I'll be speaking (if I do) about Designing Health and how other countries can leapfrog the problems we face in the US due to our political and historical issues. South Africa is in quite a rough situation due to the HIV epidemic (as you can see in this gapminder).


A. If you get a notice that your email address is already in use when creating an account, which means that you have already created an account with us at some point. If you do not remember your login information, please enter your email address into the forgotten password form and you will be able to reset your password and log in to your account.


text:
CDG Mechanical Corp
PPP Loan Data — CDG Mechanical Corp, Hialeah, FL
Industry: Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors
Location: Hialeah, FL
CDG Mechanical Corp is a corporation located in Hialeah, Florida that received a Coronavirus-related PPP loan from the SBA of $10,416.00 in June, 2020.
Bank of America, National Association
CDG Mechanical Corp in Hialeah, FL received a Paycheck Protection Loan of $10,416 through Bank of America, National Association, which was approved in June, 2020.
This loan's status is reported by the SBA as "Paid in Full", which includes both loans repaid and those fully forgiven from repayment under PPP guidelines. The loan's status was last updated by the SBA in April, 2021.
On the PPP application, CDG Mechanical Corp reported intending to use the proceeds of their PPP loan for the following expenses:
Business Information - CDG Mechanical Corp in Hialeah, FL
Miami-dade County, FL — SBA Office 0455 — Congressional District: FL-25
Similar Companies near Hialeah
In the Hialeah area, 111 businesses in the "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors" industry received a PPP loan. These local businesses reported an average of 9 employees (compared to this company's 1) and received an average PPP loan of $85,997 (compared to this company's $10,416).
JMD Plumbing Corp
Phixser Solutions LLC
C & R Air Conditioning Company
Miami Gardens, FL
JDC AC Services & Repair Corp
Hialeah Gardens, FL
Air Zone Mechanical,Inc
Ray Services & Repairs, LLC
Solo Air Conditioning &Heating
Jaclo Air Conditioning LLC
AC Brothers.com, Inc
Nationwide, 103,883 businesses in the "Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors" industry received a total of $13.03B in PPP loans. This industry in total received less than 1% of the total PPP funding distributed.
PPP recipients in this industry report an average of 10 employees, 900% higher than CDG Mechanical Corp's reported 1 employees, and received an average PPP loan of $125,397, 1104% higher than this company's loan of $10,416.
Source: www.federalpay.org/paycheck-protection-program/cdg-mechanical-corp-hialeah-fl


text:
Ilmsens Technology
What are the advantages of Ilmsens technology? +
Ilmsens developed a highly innovative technology that can replace the well-proven network analyser (NWA) measurement method in many areas. Since the NWA measurement is performed at only one frequency, which is varied one after the other, the acquisition of an entire frequency band takes a great deal of time. This requires no or only very slow changes of the measurement scenario characteristics and, thereby, limits the practical application possibilities. The measurement method developed by Ilmsens works in the time domain and can therefore measure thousands of frequencies simultaneously. This reduces the measurement time considerably and allows for the investigation of changing objects or scenarios. Especially with radio measurements the measurement of moving persons or the detection of their vital signs, for example, becomes possible.
In addition, classic NWAs are bulky laboratory equipment for stationary use and are generally large, heavy and consume a large amount of energy. This makes NWAs particularly unsuitable for mobile use when measuring radio scenarios. Our Ilmsens instruments, on the other hand, are miniaturised through monolithic integration of the RF electronics and can be used in a wide variety of locations. In addition, they consume considerably less energy, are robust against harsh measurement environments and can be operated for several hours with a rechargeable battery.
Regarding the software, the measurement data's improved information content allows for the creation of a "digital twin" for the examined process. This model is able to make predictions about the process development based on the measured values and give recommendations for action. The measurement data from the sensors, which are installed in different plants, can be linked to each other and enable further helpful conclusions on process optimization.
The high measuring speed allows measurements of inhomogeneous material samples or samples with high flow velocity, for example in bubble and flowmark/streak detection. One broadband measurement allows the direct measurement of frequency-dependent impedances and the indirect determination of other deducible physical quantities, such as the composition of a multi-component substance. This corresponds to several parallel, narrowband resonator measurements at different frequencies.
How much does Ilmsens technology cost? +
The exact costs depend on the adaptation effort and the necessary materials. Please contact us for an offer. We would be happy to receive your request.
What measurement options are available? +
In liquid analysis, no electromagnetic waves are emitted outside of the monitored medium, whereas in nearfield radar applications, radio regulations generally have to be met, e.g. ECC regulations. This leads to two general options for measurement electronics:
ECC-band, frequency range: 6-8.5 GHz, conforms to Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) regulations
Baseband, frequency range: 0.1-6 GHz, transmitted power: < 1 mW, conforms to Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) regulations
Impedance spectroscopy probe
Dimensions dependent on the application (substance type, process requirements, etc.)
Applicator interacts with the medium in the form of flow cells or immersion probes
Applicator electrodes can have ohmic contact with the medium or can be realised in a non-invasive way, separated by a thin insulator (avoids direct currents, electrode corrosion, contamination etc.)
Near-field sensing
Dimensions dependent on application and possible requirements
Generally non-invasive measurement
Applies broadband antennas
Types of data evaluation:
Monitoring (time – detection of a change compared to before)
Comparison (with a reference value)
Prediction (based on machine learning)
Recommendation (based on machine learning and additional information provided by our partners)
Can the sensor be integrated into existing technology? +
Yes, the sensor can be designed in a way that it can be integrated into existing processes. Depending on the type of evaluation (monitoring, comparison, prediction or recommendation), there may be requirements for the process technology that handles and, if necessary, evaluates the data amount. This can be studied through on-site visits and preliminary tests.
When implementing the sensor into a process, it is important to ensure the sensor is installed at a location that allows for the measurement of a representative quantity of liquid. Stable measuring conditions with respect to physical conditions are generally advantageous. This means that effects, such as moving metal parts in the immediate vicinity, changing foam formation, or bubbles in the liquid strongly influence measurement results and should be minimal if they are not the object of evaluation.
The implementation of nearfield sensing follows the general concept of the transmission of waves. While it cannot be used to transmit through metal or large amounts of water, the technology can, however, be conveniently hidden behind plastic housing or in ceiling lining, for example.
How can I check if the sensor is measuring correctly? +
There are several ways to ensure correct measurement:
It is possible to measure a standard scenario (e.g. demineralised water for impedance spectroscopy or a specific movement for nearfield sensing) in the beginning and later measure the same scenario and detect deviations qualitatively.
For sensors working with the machine learning algorithm, training measurements are always carried out at the beginning and the measurement results are verified by a second source. These training measurements can then be used as a reference to check whether the sensor is measuring correctly.
What materials does the measured material come in contact with? What material is the sensor made of? +
Sensor electrodes always use two types of material: Conductive and insulating
Specific material combinations are possible according to application requirements (e.g. food regulations or withstanding acidic fluids)
Passivation of electrodes with a thin protective layer, anti-fouling layer or biological functional layers is possible
Mostly contactless measurements (over-the-air)
Measurements where antenna is in contact with materials other than air (especially humid or salty materials)
→ Antenna requires protection against corrosion
In what form are the measured data available? +
Direct monitoring or subsequent readout via software
File export: Export of the measured data from the software as text, excel or graphic file
Storage of measured values and measuring circumstances (temperature, date) in the measured data
Is a computer necessary to use the sensors? +
A computer is not necessary for the actual operation of the sensors, however, the data is exported via USB or LAN connection. The evaluation of the measured data is computer-aided.
Is previous knowledge needed for the application of the Ilmsens sensors? +
The preliminary investigations are carried out by Ilmsens employees, whereby the graphic interface of the built-in sensor measurement technology can be adapted to customer requirements and, for example, display both a (simplified) "user view" and an (more extensive) "expert view".
Is calibration of the measurement technology required? +
It depends on the type of data evaluation. Recording the data over time and comparing it with earlier values does not require calibration and is also functional with relative values.
If comparisons with reference values are to be made, it is necessary to create a "library" of the measurement data from the reference substances before starting the process monitoring. If the process is dependant on temperature, the substance must be recorded in measurements that cover the relevant temperature profile.
For measurements that aim for an absolute value as a measured outcome, temperature stability is essential.
Is employing electromagnetic waves dangerous for the user? +
No, neither for the user nor for the test material. The sensors are operated with minimal voltages and in the case of contact measurements there is no radiation in the air. For non-contact measurements, such as near-field sensing, the power that is radiated is less than 0.1 percent of mobile phone radiation.
Are there requirements for the measurement setup (e.g. temperature or humidity)? +
If the measuring ambient temperature is subject to strong fluctuations, calibration measurements for the respective processes that cover all the measuring temperatures that occur must be carried out beforehand. Furthermore, a differentiation must be made between the applicator and the measuring equipment in regard to the requirements for the measurement scenarios:
The sensor electrodes and antennas are adapted to the specific requirements of a measuring environment
The measuring instrument itself is currently an evaluation kit developed for an ambient temperature of 20°C. However, it can also be operated without issue in temperature ranges from 5°C to 40°C. Functionality is guaranteed at humidity up to 80%, which is non-condensing. Completely waterproof housings are also possible. (With progressing monolithic integration of the measurement electronics, the electronics can be included in the sensor electrodes at a later time.)
For further details, please refer to the data sheets or contact us directly.
What is impedance spectroscopy? +
Impedance spectroscopy (also dielectric spectroscopy or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) is a non-destructive, fast and low-cost measuring method that can record electrical material parameters, such as impedance, conductivity and permittivity. These parameters are frequency-dependent and vary based on the frequency of the alternating electric fields they are measured with.
Ultra-wideband impedance spectroscopy allows for insight into the examined materials that would otherwise not be obvious at first glance. This can be interesting for users that would like to have information that goes beyond conventional sensors. Various process parameters are reflected in electrically-measured quantities and can be captured with UWB technology.
In some cases, the direct measurement of one parameter is either not possible or cannot provide the required information. In these scenarios, the information can be derived through post-processing or a combination of the measured data.
How does impedance spectroscopy work? +
An electromagnetic (EM) wave is emitted from the applicator into a substance.
The amount of the transmitted, absorbed or reflected signal gives insight into the material properties of the substance.
The interaction between the substance and the signal is based on the atomic or molecular building blocks of the substance and the frequency of the electric field of the propagating signal.
The frequency-dependent material parameter permittivity εr describes the transmissibility of an EM wave through a substance and is measured over a broad frequency range with a single measurement. This allows for a differentiation between very similar substances that is not possible with a single narrowband measurement.
A typical behaviour is found for a given substance component. Just as a fingerprint can be assigned to a specific human being, a certain substance component can also be assigned to an impedance spectrum. The wider the frequency interval over which the measurements are carried out, the more clearly the assignment succeeds.
The impedance spectrum of an unknown mixture of substances is measured through a superposition of the impedance spectra of the (known) individual components and leads to an indirect conclusion for the material composition (usually through machine learning methods).
What are the advantages of impedance spectroscopy over other measurement methods? +
Low measuring power; non-destructive and applicable for inorganic, organic, and biological substances
No optical transparency required
Inline measurement possible
Inexpensive electronics
No addition of contrast agents, markers or reagents
Possibility for the electrodes to measure by coming in contact with the substance or to measure non-invasively
Development of the electrodes for both, continuous use and single use
What are the advantages of Ilmsens ultra-wideband technology compared to conventional impedance spectroscopy? +
The main advantage is the ability to differentiate between components of a complex substance: Through ultra wideband signal measurements, the typical behaviour is found for a given substance component. Just as a fingerprint can be assigned to a specific human being, a certain substance component can also be assigned to an impedance spectrum. The wider the frequency interval (impedance spectrum) over which the measurements are carried out, the more clearly the assignment succeeds.
Two substances might be similar in a limited frequency range, but the wider the measured frequency range, the more likely it is to find differences in a specific frequency range.
What are possible applications for impedance spectroscopy? +
Impedance spectroscopy helps to detect the composition of mixtures of substances, such as:
The composition of liquids (e.g. milk)
The condition of industrial processes that include liquids (foods, chemistry, machinery (oils), industrial cleaning, etc.)
Harmful substance inputs (e.g. water in engine oils, cooling lubricant in subsequent process steps)
Impedance spectroscopy can also be applied to identify properties of substance mixtures, such as:
Material moisture
Curing degree of adhesives or building materials
State of cell emulsions
Tumour tissue
If you have another application in mind, please feel free to contact us any time.
What does the Ilmsens impedance spectroscopy consist of? +
At Ilmsens, the impedance spectroscopy consists of the following three parts:
The ultra-wideband measurement electronics, which are the same for both impedance spectroscopy and near-field radar (e.g. m:explore)
Applicator (sensing probe) that interacts with the material that is analysed
Data evaluation algorithms
Since every application is unique, every process requires different methods of interaction with the measured substance. We discuss the possibilities with our partners and the options include but are not limited to the following specific requirements:
Size, available space
Position of implementation
There are fundamentally different setups:
In-line or bypass setup
Flow-through or immersion probe
How accurate are the results from the Ilmsens ultra-wideband impedance spectroscopy? +
In the impedance spectroscopy, the accuracy of results depends on the following:
Substances composition
Complexity of substance compositions
Frequency range of impedance measurement and
Quality of analysis software (scope of "learning")
If substance components have distinctive permittivity values (see graphic, values circled in red), they are easy to distinguish and even slight changes in the respective concentrations become apparent. Measurements can demonstrate detectable concentration changes within a few ppm.
If components of a liquid show similar permittivity values, only larger concentration changes become detectable.
In order to illustrate which materials are similar in their electric properties, the following table displays several exemplary materials and their permittivity values based on the indicated sources.
In contrast to some sources, it should be noted that permittivity values are not constant, but rather temperature and frequency dependent. Therefore, the permittivity values in the table can only provide a first indication.
Example: Water (εr = 80) and oil (εr = ca. 3) can be differentiated very well. Even small concentrations can be easily detected.
εr
Acetone 21.5
Acetic acid 6.2
Ammonia 15.0 … 25.0
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 2.1
Gas 2.0
Cotton-seed oil 3.1
Brewer's yeast 25.0
Chloroacetic acid 33.4
Diesel fuel 2.1
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 16.2
Fatty acid 1.7
Fish oil 2.6
Hydrochloric acid 5.0
Isopropanol 18.0
Methanol (methyl alkohol) 33.0
Mineral oil 2.0 … 2.5
Palm kernel oil 1.8
Soy-bean oil 2.9 … 3.5
Transformer oil 2.2 … 2.4
Vinegar 24.0 / 37.6
Water (20°C / 120°C) 80.0 / 20.4
Can impedance spectroscopy results from Ilmsens technology be compared to laboratory measurements? +
The results are partially comparable in the sense that it is possible to recreate laboratory-measured parameters from Ilmsens measurement data.
However, Ilmsens technology should be seen as a complement to laboratory tests and as a useful tool to cover the time between laboratory tests for immediate knowledge about a process.
The advantages of Ilmsens technology are the ability to distinguish substances in-line during the process and to make predictions based on real-time data. This allows a continuous monitoring of processes instead of rare, expensive measurements and allows for immediate recommendations for action.
Our sensors for liquid substances are designed to give information control back to the user.
Precision of measured values
Off-the-shelf availability
Ilmsens
In-line measurement
No sample taking
Realtime information
Ultra-wideband measurement
Possibility to recreate conventionally measured parameters from UWB data
Inversely, UWB data contain more information than scalar sensors (temperature, pressure, conductivity, etc.)
→ Additional information about the measured process
Scenario dependent not as accurate as lab measurements
For further information, please refer to our use cases.
What are the material analysis limits of an impedance spectroscopy? +
The impedance spectroscopy provides accurate and reproducible results under controlled conditions. Deviations of these measurement conditions will result in a more complex data analysis or limitations of the effect that is to be measured. Hence, it should be noted that
The permittivity depends on external influences, for example temperature or pressure
The measuring instrument and sample holder should not be subject to temporal fluctuations (drift, contamination, wear)
There are limits based on the measured substance composition (long-term stability of the measurement setup, complexity of the substance composition, previous knowledge of the composition, cross sensitivities)
What is a short-range radar? +
Short-range means that objects within a distance of approximately 10 metres to the sensor can be detected. The detection comes from the reflection of the transmitted signal. The distance, velocity (motion) and strength of the reflection of objects is determined by signal delay, Doppler shift and signal amplitude.
How does a short-range radar work? +
Every radar functions according to the fundamental radar principle. This means a radar transmits an electromagnetic wave, which is then reflected as soon as it hits an object with different electromagnetic characteristics than the material the wave is travelling in. The reflected wave can then be received by the radar.
In radar applications the electromagnetic wave is usually transmitted in air. However, it is also possible to transmit through other materials (e.g. concrete).
There is various information that can be obtained from the received signal through simple or advanced data analysis:
The distance/exact position of an object or specific material parameters can be calculated using the signal propagation time of the received electromagnetic wave.
The object size, orientation, material and several other object properties can be examined with the reflection strength based on the signal amplitude.
The speed of the object can be determined by comparing the shape of the received waveform with the transmitted one. The Doppler shift of the electromagnetic wave is evaluated for such purposes.
This information can usually be extracted with little calculation effort.
If an object cannot be found based on the signal amplitude, it is possible to limit the range in which the search is performed. After detecting an object like this, minor changes can be monitored by averaging the different measurements and subtracting the average value from the actual signal. This allows you to see just the modified part of the signal. Movement can be detected by subtracting the static background of the signal (by measuring a static scenario or averaging the signal). Therefore, only the components of moving objects are visible and can be evaluated.
The minimum and maximum detection distance of a radar depend on the type of radar and antennas used, and the frequency and applicable radio regulations (which limit the transmission power). Short-range means that objects within a distance of approximately 10 metres to the sensor can be detected. The higher the maximum detection range, the lower the detection accuracy in the surrounding area.
What are the advantages of short-range radar over other measurement methods? +
The main advantages of radars are:
Distance, velocity and position is easy to measure accurately with little computing power.
Differentiating between stationary and moving objects is simple and possible with very little computing power.
Radars are real-time capable.
Depending on the used frequency, radars have a very good material penetration (e.g. for materials known as insulators) and can therefore be placed behind covers without degrading the performance. This excludes from this are metallic materials.
The frequency dependent material penetration can also be used to further investigate detected objects.
Radars are insensitive to different weather conditions such as rain, fog, snow, dirt or temperature changes.
Radars do not need optical illumination.
Even if an object is flat or has an arbitrary form, it is still possible to detect it.
Depending on the application, it may be advantageous to combine the data from multiple sensors (sensor fusion).
What are the advantages of an Ilmsens ultra-wideband technology compared to conventional short range radars?
In addition to the advantages of radars, Ilmsens' ultra-wideband technology offers:
Low transmit power
Harmless to humans, animals and other machines/sensors
Constantly high measurement rate
No minimum distance from the sensor to the objects; includes no reduction of the measurement rate close to the sensor
Low disturbance from rain, fog or dirt due to the wavelengths used
Detection of dirt on the sensor
Possibility to position the sensor behind coverings as long as they are not metallic
No interference with other radars even if they are identically constructed
Possibility of synchronized multichannel systems and, therefore, reduced computing effort
Why use Ilmsens ultra-wideband short-range radar instead of camera or ultrasound? +
Cameras and ultrasound are widely used technologies, but there are applications where both technologies are insufficient.
Distance and velocity information can be easily calculated from radar data with little computing effort, while calculating both from a camera image requires a lot of time and computing power.
Camera and ultrasound both have disadvantages when the optical visibility is poor. Depending on the frequency range used, radar can penetrate material well. Since we are using a frequency range from 6-8,5 GHz, the Ilmsens radar can see through rain, snow, dirt and many other materials, such as plastics, stone, wood or textiles. Only metal is excluded.
A radar is capable of realtime measurements.Cameras have difficulties determining distance or speed from the images taken. Ultrasound requires more time to boot and measure.
Material properties can be determined by evaluating the reflection of an object. Due to the wide frequency range used, an ultra-wideband radar – like the one from Ilmsens – can determine more material properties than ultrasound.
A radar outputs a radargram instead of an image. This makes it possible to protect privacy.
What are possible applications for short-range radars? +
A wide range of applications is possible. The antennas should be installed at an ideal location (which could also be behind any material, except metal), but can also come into contact with the medium being examined. Possible scenarios are, for example:
Motion detection (high dynamics in the size of the detected objects, e.g. humans or small insects, such as termites)
Vital data acquisition (contactless and through clothing)
Object detection (for agriculture [e.g. vegetables in the ground], medicine [e.g. carcinoma tissue] or industry)
Detection of objects or layers inside another material (e.g. concrete)
If you have another application in mind, please do not hesitate to contact us any time.
What does the Ilmsens short-range radar consist of?
The Ilmsens short-range radar consists of three parts:
The sensor itself (e.g. m:explore) depending on the frequency ranged used,
The antennas fitted to the application
The data evaluation algorithms
Since every application is unique, the antenna(s) and mounting locations for sensor and antenna(s) must be adapted. We discuss the possibilities with our partners and the options include, but are not limited to the following specific requirements:
Radiation regulations (regarding the frequency range used)
Robustness against environmental conditions
How accurate are the results from the Ilmsens short-range radar? +
Thanks to a high-system stability, high range accuracy of up to 1 µm can be achieved with the Ilmsens short-range radar. However, a high range accuracy does not necessarily lead to high detection accuracy. It is also necessary to consider the range resolution. If two objects are close to each other they still need to be detected as two different objects. The higher the range resolution, the better the differentiation between two objects, and the higher the frequency range used, the better the range resolution. Since the Ilmsens short-range radars are ultrawideband radars they provide a very high range resolution.
What are the detection limits for a short-range radar? +
In general, measurements from the Ilmsens short-range radar are limited by two factors. On the one hand, the accuracy of the measurement is distance-dependent. So, if small distance changes of an object (such as a heartbeat) are meant to be detected, the object must be close to the antenna. On the other hand, the exact distance depends on the material through which the electromagnetic wave is transmitted. Air is the best material for a high range. Below are a guidelines:
Distance dependency
Up to 2 metres of detection for small movements
Up to 10 metres of detection for objects (such as humans)
Material dependency
Rising attenuation of the electromagnetic wave with increasing εr of the penetrated material
Necessary to minimise amount of distortions in the measurment scenarios (Note: Must be adapted individually for each applcation)


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Electricity production by source - Benin
Compare to: AlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBruneiBulgariaCambodiaCameroonCanadaChileChinaColombiaCongoCosta RicaCôte d'IvoireCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFinlandFranceGabonGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGuatemalaHaitiHondurasHong Kong SAR, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKoreaKosovoKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLatviaLebanonLibyaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMalaysiaMaltaMexicoMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigeriaNorth KoreaNorwayOmanPakistanPanamaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRussiaSaudi ArabiaSenegalSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniaSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSudanSwedenSwitzerlandSyrian Arab RepublicTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTogoTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamworldZambiaZimbabwe
Electricity production from oil sources (% of total) 99.3506493506494
Electricity production from hydroelectric sources (% of total) 0.934579439252336
Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroel (% of total) 0.649350649350649
Value & RankThe Electricity production from hydroelectric sources of Benin is 0.93 (% of total) with a global rank of 104.
Benin compared to other CountriesThe Electricity production from hydroelectric sources of Benin is similar to that of Jamaica, Kosovo, United Kingdom, Poland, Algeria, South Africa, Korea, Hungary, Cuba, Belgium with a respective Electricity production from hydroelectric sources of 1.96, 1.81, 1.45, 1.26, 0.98, 0.79, 0.69, 0.62, 0.56, 0.48 (% of total) and a global rank of 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109.5 years declineBenin's Electricity production from hydroelectric sources had a negative growth (decline) of 62.5 (%) in the last 5 years from (2000 to 2005).
Last 5 years averageBenin had an average Electricity production from hydroelectric sources of 2.20 (% of total) in the last 5 years from (2000 to 2005).
Value & RankThe Electricity production from oil sources of Benin is 99.4 (% of total) with a global rank of 3.
Benin compared to other CountriesThe Electricity production from oil sources of Benin is similar to that of Malta, Eritrea, Cyprus, Lebanon, Jamaica, Cambodia, Senegal, Haiti, Jordan, Nicaragua with a respective Electricity production from oil sources of 99.4, 99.4, 96.4, 95.1, 91.8, 90.3, 86.2, 79.0, 72.5, 66.0 (% of total) and a global rank of 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.10 years growthBenin's Electricity production from oil sources had a positive growth of 2.47 (%) in the last 10 years from (2001 to 2011).
Last 10 years averageBenin had an average Electricity production from oil sources of 98.3 (% of total) in the last 10 years from (2001 to 2011).
Benin during the Great RecessionBenin's Electricity production from oil sources had a positive growth of 1.86% during the Great RecessionBenin since the end of the Great RecessionBenin's Electricity production from oil sources had a positive growth of 0.13% since the end of the Great Recession
Value & RankThe Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroel of Benin is 0.65 (% of total) with a global rank of 72.
Benin compared to other CountriesThe Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroel of Benin is similar to that of Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Malaysia, Zimbabwe, Tunisia, Eritrea, Korea, Gabon, Malta, Israel with a respective Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroel of 1.05, 1.03, 1.03, 0.76, 0.68, 0.59, 0.57, 0.51, 0.50, 0.40 (% of total) and a global rank of 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77.5 years declineBenin's Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroel had a negative growth (decline) of 76.9 (%) in the last 5 years from (2006 to 2011).
Last 5 years averageBenin had an average Electricity production from renewable sources, excluding hydroel of 1.23 (% of total) in the last 5 years from (2006 to 2011).
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