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Girlfriend's mom: Why did he do this?
Feb. 18, 2013 Updated: Aug. 27, 2017 2:50 p.m.
1of2FILE - In this Aug. 5, 2012 file photo, South Africa's Oscar Pistorius starts in the men's 400-meter semifinal during the athletics in the Olympic Stadium at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Paralympic superstar Oscar Pistorius was charged Thursday, Feb. 14, 2013, with the murder of his girlfriend who was shot inside his home in South Africa, a stunning development in the life of a national hero known as the Blade Runner for his high-tech artificial legs. Reeva Steenkamp, a model who...APShow MoreShow Less
2of2In this undated handout publicity photo supplied by Stimulii taken on the island of Jamaica, Reeva Steenkamp poses on set during the shooting of the reality show Tropika Island of Treasure which premieres on state television Saturday, Feb 16, 2013. South Africa's national broadcaster says it will screen the show featuring the dead model girlfriend of double-amputee athlete Oscar Pistorius, two days after she was shot and killed at Pistorius' home. (AP Photo/Courtesy of Stimulii-HO)APShow MoreShow Less
GERALD IMRAY
Eds: Updates with detail. With AP Photos.
JOHANNESBURG (AP) -- The family of Oscar Pistorius' slain girlfriend wants answers, her mother told a Johannesburg newspaper as the country waited to hear for the first time why prosecutors believe the iconic athlete murdered Reeva Steenkamp by shooting her multiple times on Valentine's Day morning.
June Steenkamp, Reeva Steenkamp's mother, told the Times in a front page interview: "Why? Why my little girl? Why did this happen? Why did he do this?"
"Just like that she is gone," the paper quoted her as saying in what it described as an emotional telephone interview. "In the blink of an eye and a single breath, the most beautiful person who ever lived is no longer here."
Pistorius, who remains in custody in a red-brick, one-story police station in Pretoria, is set to return to court Tuesday for the start of his bail hearing. That hearing will be the first opportunity for the prosecution to describe evidence police gathered against the 26-year-old double-amputee runner and the reasons why he was charged with murder.
Pistorius' family denies he committed murder though has not addressed whether he shot her. When word first emerged about the killing there was speculation in the local media that Steenkamp had been mistaken for an intruder in Pistorius' home.
Steenkamp's funeral will also be held Tuesday in her hometown of Port Elizabeth on South Africa's southern coast, her family said. It would be a private ceremony at a local crematorium, closed to the public and media.
Steenkamp, a blonde model, law graduate and reality TV contestant, died last week of multiple gunshot wounds inside Pistorius' upscale house in a gated community in the eastern suburbs of the capital, Pretoria.
Police said they arrived in the predawn hours of Thursday to find paramedics trying to revive Steenkamp. Police said she had been shot four times. A 9 mm pistol was recovered from the scene and Pistorius was arrested and charged with murder the same day.
"All we have is this horrendous death to deal with ... to get to grips with. All we want are answers ... answers as to why this had to happen, why our beautiful daughter had to die like this," June Steenkamp said in the Times.
Prosecutors said in Pistorius' first court appearance Friday that they would pursue a more serious pre-mediated murder charge against the Olympian and world's most high-profile disabled athlete.
In a statement initially given only to The Associated Press and two South African reporters over the weekend, Arnold Pistorius, Oscar's uncle, said the prosecution's own case would show there was no murder.
"We have no doubt there is no substance to the allegation," Pistorius' uncle said, "and that the state's own case, including its own forensic evidence, strongly refutes any possibility of a premeditated murder or indeed any murder at all."
The bail hearing, scheduled for Tuesday and Wednesday, will be the first time both the prosecutors and defense will show their hands about the evidence involved in the killing, said Stephen Tuson, an adjunct law professor at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
"There will kind of be a little trial within a trial," Tuson said.
Due to the gravity of the charges, Pistorius' defense lawyers will present their case first, trying to argue that their client is not a danger to the public and won't try to flee to avoid trial, Tuson said. They'll also have to show that he won't try to intimidate witnesses, nor pose a risk of sparking public unrest, the professor said.
The defense does have the opportunity to put Pistorius -- who broke down and wept in his first appearance in court -- on the stand to offer testimony on his own behalf. That likely won't happen, as prosecutors would then be allowed to ask him potentially incriminating questions, Tuson said.
Typically, defense lawyers read a prepared statement in court instead.
From there, prosecutors will offer their own version of events, likely bolstered by testimony from the lead investigator in the killing, Tuson said.
Pistorius has been in custody in Brooklyn police station in Pretoria.
His agent told the AP that there is no way to predict if he will ever run track again.
"For me it's too early to comment," Peet Van Zyl said. "I think it's still a huge shock and tragedy that took the world by surprise so I can't comment on that one (Pistorius' future career) or give any timeline to that at this point in time."
Follow Gerald Imray at http://twitter.com/GeraldImrayAP
Follow Jon Gambrell at www.twitter.com/jongambrellAP


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Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography: Highly local thermal and morphological characterization
Jin Young Park, Prasad Taranekar, Rigoberto Advincula*
We describe the formation of nanopatterns on an electroactive polythiophene precursor (polyterthiophene methylmethacrylate, P3T) film using a current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) technique. Patterning parameters such as applied bias voltages, sweep duration, and scan rate were adapted for the nanolithographic electrochemical patterning process. The formation of nanopatterns on the film was mainly attributed to the electrochemical cross-linking and oxidation process of the terthiophene units. This is related to the electron transport process under an applied electric field and mass transfer due to Joule heating generated in a localized area from the tip. To further highlight the role of Joule heating, thermal AFM lithography of various blend film compositions (P3T:PMMA) was made using the heated tip AFM (HT-AFM) method. The thermal effects on local morphology were then studied not only as a function of sequential increase in local temperature, but also by nano-scale direct thermal-writing.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00993h
Published - 2011 Mar 7
10.1039/c0sm00993h
Dive into the research topics of 'Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography: Highly local thermal and morphological characterization'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Nanolithography Chemical Compounds 100%
Joule heating Physics & Astronomy 56%
characterization Physics & Astronomy 40%
Liquid Film Chemical Compounds 35%
Terthiophene Chemical Compounds 34%
Electron Transport Chemical Compounds 23%
temperature effects Physics & Astronomy 22%
Park, J. Y., Taranekar, P., & Advincula, R. (2011). Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography: Highly local thermal and morphological characterization. Soft Matter, 7(5), 1849-1855. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00993h
Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography : Highly local thermal and morphological characterization. / Park, Jin Young; Taranekar, Prasad; Advincula, Rigoberto.
In: Soft Matter, Vol. 7, No. 5, 07.03.2011, p. 1849-1855.
Park, JY, Taranekar, P & Advincula, R 2011, 'Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography: Highly local thermal and morphological characterization', Soft Matter, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1849-1855. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00993h
Park JY, Taranekar P, Advincula R. Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography: Highly local thermal and morphological characterization. Soft Matter. 2011 Mar 7;7(5):1849-1855. doi: 10.1039/c0sm00993h
Park, Jin Young ; Taranekar, Prasad ; Advincula, Rigoberto. / Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography : Highly local thermal and morphological characterization. In: Soft Matter. 2011 ; Vol. 7, No. 5. pp. 1849-1855.
@article{1438fc6724964a6e871196089b0c4e50,
title = "Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography: Highly local thermal and morphological characterization",
abstract = "We describe the formation of nanopatterns on an electroactive polythiophene precursor (polyterthiophene methylmethacrylate, P3T) film using a current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) technique. Patterning parameters such as applied bias voltages, sweep duration, and scan rate were adapted for the nanolithographic electrochemical patterning process. The formation of nanopatterns on the film was mainly attributed to the electrochemical cross-linking and oxidation process of the terthiophene units. This is related to the electron transport process under an applied electric field and mass transfer due to Joule heating generated in a localized area from the tip. To further highlight the role of Joule heating, thermal AFM lithography of various blend film compositions (P3T:PMMA) was made using the heated tip AFM (HT-AFM) method. The thermal effects on local morphology were then studied not only as a function of sequential increase in local temperature, but also by nano-scale direct thermal-writing.",
author = "Park, {Jin Young} and Prasad Taranekar and Rigoberto Advincula",
doi = "10.1039/c0sm00993h",
T1 - Polythiophene precursor electrochemical nanolithography
T2 - Highly local thermal and morphological characterization
AU - Park, Jin Young
AU - Taranekar, Prasad
AU - Advincula, Rigoberto
N2 - We describe the formation of nanopatterns on an electroactive polythiophene precursor (polyterthiophene methylmethacrylate, P3T) film using a current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) technique. Patterning parameters such as applied bias voltages, sweep duration, and scan rate were adapted for the nanolithographic electrochemical patterning process. The formation of nanopatterns on the film was mainly attributed to the electrochemical cross-linking and oxidation process of the terthiophene units. This is related to the electron transport process under an applied electric field and mass transfer due to Joule heating generated in a localized area from the tip. To further highlight the role of Joule heating, thermal AFM lithography of various blend film compositions (P3T:PMMA) was made using the heated tip AFM (HT-AFM) method. The thermal effects on local morphology were then studied not only as a function of sequential increase in local temperature, but also by nano-scale direct thermal-writing.
AB - We describe the formation of nanopatterns on an electroactive polythiophene precursor (polyterthiophene methylmethacrylate, P3T) film using a current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) technique. Patterning parameters such as applied bias voltages, sweep duration, and scan rate were adapted for the nanolithographic electrochemical patterning process. The formation of nanopatterns on the film was mainly attributed to the electrochemical cross-linking and oxidation process of the terthiophene units. This is related to the electron transport process under an applied electric field and mass transfer due to Joule heating generated in a localized area from the tip. To further highlight the role of Joule heating, thermal AFM lithography of various blend film compositions (P3T:PMMA) was made using the heated tip AFM (HT-AFM) method. The thermal effects on local morphology were then studied not only as a function of sequential increase in local temperature, but also by nano-scale direct thermal-writing.
U2 - 10.1039/c0sm00993h
DO - 10.1039/c0sm00993h

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you have the space, then don't hesitate to invest big with a super king mattress. This is the largest standard sized bed on the market. Scroll to the foot of this page for more tips to help you ensure this is the right option for you.
Super king mattress: The biggest and best of all UK standard sizes, a super king size mattress measures 180 x 200 cm, providing plenty of room for you and your partner to stretch-out, find perfect comfort and achieve quality rest. If space permits, an investment in a super king size mattress giving you extra room could make all the difference between an average and an exceptional night's sleep.


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HomeMarketsIVDSupplier Stories for the Week of August 11
Supplier Stories for the Week of August 11
Start Slideshow ›
Inovus Medical, a manufacturer of simulation products for teaching surgical skills, has switched from hand-building products to additive manufacturing using the ProX SLS 6100 3D printer from 3D Systems."As a start up with basically zero start up capital, we were at a point where we couldn't afford traditional production because of the prohibitive costs: Tooling, minimum order quantities (MOQs), storage, import duty. The list goes on," said Inovus Medical cofounder Jordan Van Flute, CTO, in a news release. "And there was the risk: Get the tooling design even slightly wrong and we would be out thousands of pounds."The ProX SLS 6100 was installed in December 2018 for rapid prototyping as well as for production parts for the simulators. The company also helps other innovators and startups access SLS additive manufacturing with an 'incubator-style' additive manufacturing service. "We usually use the DuraForm PA Nylon 12 material as it has enough strength to be used for the simulator housings as well as fantastic elongation at break for other parts both for us as well as other startups we are working with," added cofounder and CEO Elliot Street.All 3D Systems's plastic 3D printers are supplied with the 3D Sprint additive manufacturing software, which enables rapid 3D file repair, multiple import of various 3D file formats, nesting and optimization of the build, and job management of the 3D printers. "3D Sprint is a true selling point for the ProX SLS 6100," said Van Flute. "It works perfectly with SOLIDWORKS CAD files, delivers seamless transfer of data across the network, and an intuitive workflow for customers."Additive manufacturing has eliminated some upfront costs for Inovus. "While additive is not the cheapest form of production compared to, say, injection molding, it negates the need for expensive up-front costs in tooling for each new product we design and bring to market," said Van Flute. "Removing these up-front costs means they do not have to be passed onto the end user and allows us to meet our objective of delivering affordable healthcare simulation."Minimum order quantities typically required for injection molding were also avoided. "Those MOQs would cost us thousands but then we would also have to store them and bear the ensuing inventory costs," said Van Flute. "SLS production avoids this through rapid, on-demand production of parts so we can operate with a lean inventory and free up cash flow to drive growth of the company."The elimination of tooling enabled the company to evolve its designs. "Our curiosity about improving the product design was helped through being able to change the CAD data and then simply print the parts to find the best design," added Street. "You can't do that with traditional production methods. Once your tooling is created, you are locked in for the duration."Such capability allowed the Inovus team to accelerate new product development. "The ProX SLS 6100 has allowed us to get a much faster start on some new, more complex products we had been developing, and we are bringing them to market much more quickly than we ever thought we could do," said Van Flute.[Image courtesy of 3D SYSTEMS]
Here's what was new in the world of medical device suppliers during the week of August 11.
MD+DI Staff | Aug 14, 2019
Guardant Enrolls Ist Patient in SHIELD Lung Study
Cue Health to Take on Omicron With Upcoming POC Test
Tackling Tuberculosis in Children through Non-Invasive Sampling


Our Smart Mobility Platform ZIG enables cities, airports and transit agencies to make a transition from mass transportation to MaaS Transportation (Mobility as a Service). ZIG provides streaming mobility data in a seamless, intelligent and personalized manner like Netflix's streaming content which adapts intelligently to each user's content choices.
Gives riders control over planning and paying for trips.
Unique Transit Personalization feature offers intelligent and personalized transit options adapted to each rider's specific needs . ZIG is not a one size fits all trip planner!
Informs riders of their transit's location and calibrated travel times.
Improved experience when transferring across multiple transit services.
Plan a trip for public transit, rideshare, bike share, parking, entertainment, landmarks and more in one interface.
Our multi modal trip planning tool increases the customer's experience and RIDERSHIP.
Multi modal trip planner increases mobile payment usage.
It gives you more data. You will be able to know where customer starts or ends their trip, where they wanted to go and what amenities, places and destinations are popular along various routes.
It provides a unified platform that can expand to new mobility options (e.g. microtransit) that you want to promote in the future.
Alternate source of revenue. Amenities and destinations listed on the app could pay your agency a revenue share to be listed on the platform.
We power the online technology for transportation authorities and shared mobility providers to get you moving.


text:
extern crate build;
fn main() {
    build::link("wnvapi", true)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to add gulp task to angular cli build I'm switching my deployment tool for an Angular 4 project to angular/cli. The command ng build will put the resulting bundles in a dist folder by default.
I need to figure out how to add my custom task to this process. Specifically, I have a lot of .svg files that I need to bundle and minify into a sprite.defs.svg file, and place the result in dist/assets/svg/.  With my previous deployment toolchain, I used gulp with the gulp-svg-sprite plugin.  Here was my bundling step:
const svgSprite = require('gulp-svg-sprite');

gulp.src('**/*.svg')
  .pipe(svgSprite({
    mode: {
      defs: {
        dest:'.',
        sprite:"sprite.defs.svg"
      }
    }
  }))
  .pipe(gulp.dest('dist/assets/svg'));

Is there a simple way to integrate something like this into angular/cli's ng build?

A: Say, you manually run this gulp task as
gulp processSVG

In the scripts section of package.json, define a command like this:
"prebuild": "gulp processSVG"

npm script is smart enough to run the command with the "pre" prefix before the command with the same name, but without this prefix. Now, run the following command:
npm run build

This command will run the prebuild command first and then the build command.

A: There is another way to accomplish this as well
set your ngbuild options and then add " && gulp " and your gulp task like follows:
"scripts":{
    "buildDev": "ng build --deleteOutputPath=true --sourceMap=true && gulp your-task"
}

I can confirm that @Yakov Fain's solution still works with angular 7 as well as mine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


- Location: New Haven, Conn.
- The Lead: Senior Abby Jones (Arlington, Mass. / Arlington) moved up two spots on the final day of competition at the Northeast Combined Events Challenge to win the heptathlon on Friday by nearly 100 points.
- Jones trailed by 122 points entering the final three events on Friday, but outscored Kalli'ana Botelho of Quinnipiac by over 200 points to finish with her total of 4,757 points. Kira Kopec took second in 4,678 points while Botelho dropped to third with 4,651 points. Sophomore Emma Santee (Westerly, R.I. / Westerly) advanced three spots to sixth with 4,150 points.
- Jones started the day by winning the long jump by .26 meters with her leap of 5.75 meters. Santee placed fifth in the event with her mark of 5.15 meters. The sophomore then won the javelin with her throw of 34.19 meters. Jones was right behind her in second with a toss of 32.40 meters. In the 800 meter run, Jones placed sixth in 2:33.39 while Santee was eighth in 2:38.39.
- Assumption returns to action tomorrow when the team competes at the Penmen Relays, hosted by Southern New Hampshire.


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Q: how to validate the input value is present in the array with other values using jquery This is my code. i want to check the input value with the array as prefixes and user must enter this any one array value as prefixes with its own value.
js:
var per =["00162", "001187", "00188e", "002163", "002491"];
var isValid = false;
$.each(per , function(index,value) {
            var i = [index];
            console.log(i);
        });
        for(var j=0; j<i; j++) {
            if(per[j] === value) {
                isValid = true;
            }
        }

A: You should test a regex instead, for example still using an array for prefixes:
var per = ["00162", "001187", "00188e", "002163", "002491"];
var reg = new RegExp("^("+per.join('|')+")")
var isValid = reg.test(userInput);

Where userInput is the value to test.
DEMO jsFiddle


Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Teenage Girl Comforter Set Best 25 College Bedding Sets Ideas On Pinterest 3d 4"
Image Title: Teenage Girl Comforter Set Best 25 College Bedding Sets Ideas On Pinterest 3d 4. Filename: teenage-girl-comforter-set-best-25-college-bedding-sets-ideas-on-pinterest-3d-4.jpg. Image Dimension: 600 x 600 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Stevie Will. Uploaded Date: Tuesday - December 12th. 2017 12:27:09 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: houzz.com.


We are speculating with an educated guess that Red Heart Sashay is probably America's most purchased and used yarn of all of the ruffle yarns on the market. Using only 6 stitches across, you will get nearly 1 foot of extra scarf length from 1 ball in comparison to other brands on the market. Chances are that if you are seeing someone wearing a ruffle scarf, it is probably Red Heart's Sashay.
Cast on 6 Stitches. To cast on, slip your knitting needles 6 of the loops that on are the thin edge. The loops on the Sashay are smaller than competitors. You are going to want to skip every other loop.
Knit using the outer loops only. When working across the row, use every other loop. The loops are small that skipping one on the row will still produce a fabulous scarf. I have a video showing this method but demonstrating it with Pirouette where the loops are much bigger. Ensure you skip over loops when following this video. See below for Video.
Knit back and forth until you get your desired length. Yarn ball will take you about 5 Feet in length.
Cast Off and weave in the ends like you normally would in knitting. The last stitch, slide the remaining yarn through it and tie knot. The ruffle will cover the knot.


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Q: GIT deployment using Bitbucket SSH deployment key and post hook I have a Bitbucket repo and 5 servers to which I want to clone it. My plan was to create a deployment key and apply it to each server and then use a post hook call a deployment script to do a pull and ease the changes into place. I need the key as it's a private repo.
However, web processes and therefore the post hook would be executed as apache, and for security apache is a "no login" user, so I can't login to the server as or su to apache, so am not seeing a way to create and store the SSH key.
Any suggestions would be welcome. Am I overthinking this? Is there a better way to achieve this?


It's easy for an author to lean hard on stereotypes when crafting a story, especially one about teens. Overcoming those stereotypes requires rethinking how to set up the novel. Instead of the outwardly perfect nuclear family, an author should look to how the world is really populated. Don't keep your characters strictly along the lines of any one model. Mix up their heritage, their living situation, and mostly how they adapt to those situations.
Trea Jones has always known the bitterness of bigotry and abject poverty. Her half-Cherokee daddy disappeared thirteen years ago on the pretense of getting milk. Mama has done nothing but mourn his loss, and she blames Trea for that. Now that she's starting her senior year of high school, Trea hopes for something better, but she doesn't hold out much hope.
She loosens up on some of her rules. Her guy, Dave, proves to her that she is worthy of everything the others have. The last day of classes prior to the winter break, she's ready to share some stupendous news with Dave, but tragedy intervenes when her daddy texts while driving a bus. Trea is left wondering if she can ever be free of a curse that heaps a lot of bad luck on her whenever good things happen to her.
I race into the living room, the four steps seeming to take forever. My eyes widen in horror as I watch the laptop I've used since sixth grade swing back and forth between her and Granny. All three hundred pounds of my mama is putting up a darned good fight. Granny isn't giving up, either, despite swaying and nearly stumbling as she tries to reclaim the computer that is supposed to be mine.
Dare I say something? Can I take control, and reassert ownership of the computer. Its banged and dinged case gives testament to the nightly arguments by these two women. They claim they raised me as best they can, despite our family having the worst reputation in town, and they have the right to take whatever I have for their own enjoyment.
Remember the last time. It took me a week to get the laptop working again.
The warning has no effect. Tonight is special in several ways.
A lot of my life can be defined by the expression "the way it is." The first is my looks, from my daddy. His half-Cherokee blood popped out real good in me, from my mid-back length inky black hair, to my always tan skin. This leads to the worst kind of nastiness not only from more than a few people in town, but also from Mama when she's in a foul mood.
Can't they stop being hateful for just one night?


text:
McGruder keeps Wildcats afloat
Feb 29, 2012 at 12:01 AM Feb 29, 2012 at 11:10 AM
COLLEGE STATION, Texas (AP) � Kansas State Coach Frank Martin counts on Rodney McGruder to keep his team composed in high-pressure situations.
Last night, McGruder did that for his teammates � and his coach.
"He keeps me calm," Martin said.
McGruder scored 26 points with five 3-pointers to lead Kansas State to a 76-70 victory over struggling Texas A&M.
Texas A&M used a 6-0 run, capped by a jump shot by Dash Harris, to cut Kansas State's lead to 66-63 with about three minutes left. McGruder responded with a 3-pointer before a layup by Harris on the other end. A put-back dunk by Jordan Henriquez and a pair of free throws by Angel Rodriguez stretched the lead to 73-65 with less than a minute remaining.
"We've matured as a team. We were able to manage that moment and not lose our composure," Martin said of A&M's late rally. "It's a good win for us."
The victory gave Kansas State (20-9, 9-8 Big 12) 20 wins for the sixth straight season and the 25th time in school history.
Elston Turner had 22 points for Texas A&M (13-16, 4-13), which has dropped four in a row.


text:
Home Projects Pharmaceutical Sciences PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTICONVULSANT STUDIES OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF HYMENOCARDIA ACIDA, TUL...
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTICONVULSANT STUDIES OF METHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF HYMENOCARDIA ACIDA, TUL (EUPHORBIACEAE)
The research was on the phytochemical and anticonvulsant studies of methanol leafextract of Hymenocardia acida, Tul, (Euphorbiaceae) used inNorthern Nigeria for the treatment of headache, rheumatic pain, sickle cell crisis, malaria, epilepsy and cancer. The preliminary phytochemical screening of crude methanol extract (CME) using standard methods revealed the presence of terpenoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids.Phytochemical evaluations were carried out using silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography and gel filtration using sephadex LH-20. The CME was partitioned successively with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to yield different fractions. Extensive phytochemical investigation of n-Hexane soluble fraction of the leaf using silica gel column chromatography, gel filtration and preparative thin layer chromatography led to the isolation of Lupeol. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated with the help of 1HMR and 13C NMR analysis. The oral median lethal dose (LD50)in mice was found to be greater than 5000mg/kg, suggesting the crude extract is practically non-toxic. Anticonvulsant activity was studied using maximum electroshock test (MEST) in chicks and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model in mice. The CME of Hymenocardia acida at doses of 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg did not exhibit significant activity against MES convulsion because none of the chicks was protected against the seizure but there was 90% protection with the standard drugPhenytoin at a dose of 20mg/kg while the extract produced a dose independent activity in the PTZ induced seizure in mice which was significant at (p<0.05) which was seen as percentage protection against seizure as 50, 33.33, 16.67% at doses of 150mg/kg, 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg respectively i.e the lower the dose of the extract the higher the protection. The standard control, Sodium Valproate 200mg/kg protected the mice 100%.
The finding of the study suggests that the CME of Hymenocardia acida possesses significant anticonvulsant activity which might be due to the phytochemical constituents. This provides some scientific rationale for the ethnomedicinal claim of the use of the plant in the management of epilepsy.
1.1 Natural Product
Natural Products can be defined as organic compounds and other chemicals synthesized by plants through metabolic processes aided by sunlight, involving CO2, H2O vapour and chlorophyll. Generally, natural products are characterized by specific functions they perform in plants and animals. Classical natural product chemistry methodologies enabled the discovery of a vast array of bioactive secondary metabolites from various source materials including terrestrial plants, terrestrial micro-organisms, marine organisms, and terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates (Tyler et al., 1988). Natural products have been used since ancient times and in folklore for the treatment and prevention of many diseases and illnesses. They are the most successful source of potential drug leads (Haefner, 2003; Butler, 2004; Cragg andNewman, 2005; Mishra and Tiwari, 2011;Rey-ladino et al., 2011).
Therefore, natural product continue to provide unique structural diversity in comparison to standard combinatorial chemistry, and presents opportunities for discovering mainly novel low molecular weight lead compounds. Since less than 10% of the world's biodiversity has been evaluated for potential biological activity, many more useful natural lead compounds await discovery with the challenge being how to access this natural chemical diversity (Cragg andNewman, 2005).
The earliest records of natural products were depicted on clay tablets in cuneiform from Mesopotamia (2600 B.C.) which documented oils from Cupressus sempervirens (Cypress) and Commiphora species (myrrh) which are still used today to treat coughs, colds and inflammation (Cragg andNewman, 2005). The Ebers Papyrus (2900 B.C.) is an Egyptian pharmaceutical record, which documents over 700 plant-based drugs ranging from gargles, pills, infusions to ointments (Cragg andNewman, 2005). The Chinese Materia Medica written sometimes around 1100 B.C. "Wu Shi Er Bing Fang" contains 52 prescriptions, Shennong Herbal (~100 B.C.) contain 365 drugs and the Tang Herbal (659 A.D) gave the records of 850 drug swhich are documented records of the uses of natural products (Cragg andNewman, 2005). The Greek physician, Dioscorides, recorded the collection, storage and the uses of medicinal herbs, whilst the Greek philosopher and natural scientist, Theophrastus (~300 B.C.) dealt with medicinal herbs (Cragg andNewman, 2005).
During the Dark and Middle Ages the monasteries in England, Ireland, France and Germany preserved this Western knowledge whilst the Arabs preserved the Greco-Roman knowledge and expanded the uses of their own resources, together with Chinese and Indian herbs unfamiliar to the Greco-Roman world (Cragg andNewman, 2005).
It was the Arabs who were the first to privately own pharmacies in the 8th century with Avicenna, a Persian pharmacist, physician, philosopher and poet, contributing much to the sciences of pharmacy and medicine through works such as the Canon Medicinae (Cragg andNewman, 2005).
1.2 Traditional Medicine
Traditional medicine refers to health practices, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plants, animals and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and prevent illnesses or maintain well-being (WHO, 2005; NNMDA, 2008).The world Health organization estimated that 80 percent of people worldwide still rely on plant-based traditional medicines for some aspect of their primary health care (Farnsworth and Soejarto, 1985).
Medicinal plants are plants containing substances which can be used for medication or as precursor of drug synthesis (Sofowora, 1982). Medicinal plants can be referred to as: 'all higher plants that have been alleged to have medicinal properties, i.e. effects that relate to health, or which have been proven to be useful as drugs by western standards, or which contain constituents that are used as drugs' (Farnsworth and Soejarto, 1991). The term 'medicinal' as applied to a plant indicates that it contains a substance or substances which modulate beneficially the physiology of sick mammals, and that it has been used by man for that purpose (Fellows, 1991). Medicinal plants have been a source of medicine to human health since ancient time, whereas about 60-75% of world populations require plant for carrying health (Farnsworth, 1994; Joy et al., 1998; Harvey, 2000). Plants and microbes are the main source of natural products (Hayashi et al., 1997; Armaka et al., 1999; Lin et al.,1999a ;Lin et al.,1999b: Basso et al., 2005), and consistently become main source of the newest drugs (Harvey 2000). Many methods of investigation or drug development from natural sources are based on the bioassay-guided isolation of natural products on traditional uses of local plants (Ataur Rahman and Choudhary 1999). Ayurveda is the most ancient health caresystem and is practiced widely in India, Srilanka and other countries (Chopra and Doiphode, 2002). Atharvveda (around 1200 BC), Charak Samhita and Sushrut Samhita (100 – 500 BC) are the main classics that give detailed descriptions of over 700 herbs (Dash et al., 2001). In the western world, documentation of use of natural substances for medicinal purposes can be found as far back as 78 A.D., when Dioscorides wrote "De Materia Medica", describing thousands of medicinal plants (Tyler et al., 1988).
This treatise included descriptions of many medicinal plants that remain important in modern medicine, not because they continue to be used as crude drug preparations, but because they serve as the source of important pure chemicals that have become mainstays of modern therapy.
The knowledge associated with traditional medicine (complementary or alternative herbal products) has promoted further investigations of medicinal plants as potential medicines and has led to the isolation of many natural products that have become well known pharmaceuticals. Many modern pharmaceuticals have been modelled on or derived from chemicals found in plants. An example is the heart medication digoxin (I) derived from foxglove (Digtialis purpurea), quinine (II), an antimalarial agent isolated from the bark of Cinchona succirubra tree. Paclitaxel (III) (Taxol®), a drug used for breast cancer was isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific Yew) (Cragg, 1998). Taxol® is present in limited quantities from natural sources, its synthesis (though challenging and expensive) has been achieved (Cragg, 1998). It is widely known in ethnomedicine that various parts of a plant can possess different healing properties, for instance, the bark of Rauwolfiamombasiana is used for the treatment of malaria. The root of the same plant is used for the treatment of fever and anxiety states.The root, stem and leaves of another species of this plant, R. vomitoria, are used for fever (Iwu, 1993).
Morphine (IV) used for pain relief was derived from Papaver somniferum; a potent antimalarial drug named Artemisinin (V) was isolated from Artemisia annua as a remedy against the multidrug resistant strains of Plasmodium.
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For many years, the indoor grill has revolutionised homes all over the world. Since world-famous inventor George Foreman took to the scene, grilling enthusiasts began to realise that they could take their passions inside, without the worry of setting the curtains alight. Fast-forward to the present day and there are so many indoor grills to get your hands on, that the choice can be pretty overwhelming. That's until you came across this guide, of course, as we have done the tricky work for you and collected a series of the best indoor grills available to purchase right now. From personal use to grilling for a whole party; we've got you covered.
Cuisinart are the experts in all things to do with home appliances, and they've amazed us once again with their indoor grill pan. The Cuisinart GR-4N 5-in-1 Griddler is a multitasking genius, as it not only works as a contact grill, but it also serves as a panini press, full griddle, half grill/half griddle, and full grill. You might as well chuck all of your other appliances away, as this affordable indoor griddle is about to put them all to shame. With reversible non-stick plates and adjustable temperature controls, you'll be sure to have the easiest cooking experience of your life when this device is around.
George Foreman; the man, the myth, the legend. George Foreman has shaped the world of electric grills that we know today, so expect to see multiple Foreman products in this guide. First off, we're starting with the George Foreman 4-Serving Removable Plate Grill and Panini Press. This electric griller has new and improved heating technology installed, meaning hunger will be kept at bay as your food gets cooked up to 35% faster than before. You might think that such fast cooking will cause a lot of greasy mess, but George Foreman has you covered, with a fat-removing slope which will help to remove up to 42% of any fat created. It's clear that the team at George Foreman have done some pretty extensive research to get their facts straight, and we are pleased to say that they've been nothing but honest.
When it comes to closed indoor grills, the temptation to open the lid every 5 seconds to see how things are getting on can be pretty tempting. Hamilton Beach were clearly familiar with this struggle, as they've created an electric indoor grill which has its very own viewing window! The Hamilton Beach (25361) Electric Indoor Grill & Searing Grill is one of the highest rated grills on our guide for many reasons, but personally, we love the viewing window and large handle which prevents you from getting your fingers burnt. Hamilton Beach have clearly thought about user experience thoroughly, and this searing grill will be sure to keep a smile on your face.
If you're looking for an electric bbq grill with a slightly more interesting design, then say hello to the T-fal GC70 OptiGrill Electric Grill. Even its name sounds high-tech! This grill is perfect for all of the gadget-enthusiasts out there, as it features state of the art technology which is rare to find on other indoor grills. This clever grill has sensors that automatically tweak the cooking time depending on the thickness of the food, and it will even alert you when the food has been cooked at rare, medium and well-done. This makes the grill perfect for any food-lover out there, as you'll be sure to get your desired results time and time again!
If you want an indoor grill for steaks that doesn't even look like an indoor grill, then we've got just the thing for you. The Delonghi BG24 Perfecto Indoor Grill is probably one of the most attractive grills we've come across, thanks to its clear lid and sleek base. This grill will be sure to cook your delicious food evenly, and is guaranteed to keep it juicy thanks to the glass lid. Your experience won't just stop there, either, as this indoor grill can also keep pre-grilled food warm for as long as you like. The food party never has to stop! As always, you'll be sure to have a quick and easy aftermath with this grill, as it comes with a non-stick grill plate and removable drip tray.
Another exceptional indoor electric grill from George Foreman that we couldn't afford to miss is the 2-Serving Classic Plate Electric Indoor Grill and Panini Press. This grill is an absolute classic from the George Foreman range, and all it takes is one look in order to know which brand it comes from. Perfect for small apartments and couples, this grill can cook up to two servings and even has room for a fat-removing slope. This grill may look small, but it has all of the features that a larger grill would, meaning you can't go wrong paying under $20 for this beauty.
We've got another epic portable indoor grill for you from the geniuses over at Hamilton Beach. This Super Sear 100-Square-Inch Nonstick Indoor Searing Grill is one of the very few indoor grills that you'll come across which features a digital display and adjustable temperature controls, meaning it'd be rude to not get your hands on. With a floating hinge which can adjust to the thickness of your food and a 100-square-inch cooking surface, the possibilities will be endless with what you choose to cook!
Grilling something indoors can be quite a daunting thought, but that is why a smokeless indoor grill exists! Eliminate the worry of smoking out your whole home with help from this Power Smokeless Grill with Tempered Glass Lid. This grill comes with everything you need for a safe experience while grilling indoors, and you can even regulate the temperature yourself thanks to its easy-to-use screen. Team this up with Power's famous turbo-speed smoke extractor technology and you've got yourself a grill worth bragging about!
Another smokeless grill which we are loving at the moment is the Philips Smoke-less Indoor BBQ Grill. Unlike the other grills mentioned in this guide, this indoor grill doesn't have a lid, meaning you will have an open cooking experience instead. Although a slightly pricier option for an indoor grill, you certainly won't be let down, as all it takes is one minute to set up and one minute to clean. This grill allows you to focus on cooking and forget about the rest.
You can't really go wrong with a grill which has 'smart' in its name, and it's great to see that the Breville BGR820XL Smart Grill lives up to its expectations! Featuring not one, not two, but six adjustable height settings and the option for a flat design for BBQ mode, it's clear to see that this is one very smart countertop grill indeed. The smartness doesn't just stop there either, as Breville have oh-so-kindly featured Low, Panini, and Sear modes on this grill, too!
If you want something simple that does the trick, then we recommend this electric barbecue grill by Zojirushi. Featuring a large grilling surface and incredibly easy-to-clean plate, you can't really go wrong with having Zojirushi EB-DLC10 Indoor Electric Grill in your home. There will be no risks of hazards with this grill, either, as it will only heat up if it has been installed correctly. This is a pretty clever feature to have, especially if you have little kids in the home who can't help but fiddle with appliances!
We have one more electric grill to share with you, and it goes by the name of the Calphalon Even Sear Indoor Electric Multi-Grill. This grill is one of the most high-tech ones in this guide, as it features an LCD screen display which will show you how much longer your food has left to cook. Not only this, but the ceramic surface claims to generate 20% more heat than a standard surface, and you can fit up to 8 burger patties in one sitting! So, for larger parties who want quick food, look no further than here.
If you're about to spend money on a product which you hope to use for years, then you want to make the best decision possible for yourself. We understand this, and we also understand the aggravation caused by buying something which doesn't live up to expectations and gets thrown away as a result. This is why we've searched every corner of the internet in order to find you only the best indoor grills around. If you have a few more questions or want to know just what it takes to feature on our buying guides, then check out some helpful pointers below.
We weren't joking when we said we searched every corner of the web to find only the best products. In fact, that's just one stage of our extensive selection process! Once a contender has been found, we put it under the ultimate test of strength through three factors: brand, review and price. These are important factors to consider as they will ultimately make or break a purchase decision.
Brand - Only the most respected and deserved brands make it onto our buying guides, and the case is no different with our guide to best indoor grills! We've looked into all of the big brands and even the smaller brands in order to ensure that only the products of the highest quality make it onto this guide. It might be tempting to purchase from a brand which seems to be everywhere, but more times than most, a product which is just as good and half the price can be found elsewhere. With this in mind, we gave every brand a fair chance, and can happily say that the brands mentioned in this guide won't let you down.
Review - Reviews are important to read, as they are honest insights from buyers who have already experienced life with your desired product. We read a large handful of reviews for each product, picking apart every star-rating to establish whether the product will put a smile on your face. We are pleased to say that every single indoor grill mentioned in this guide has received exceptional views from buyers all over the country. There are no greater people to trust than those who are just like you!
Price - Unfortunately, you have to buy the food separately when cooking on an indoor grill. Although this is expected and not too much of a problem, it does mean that expenses can pile up and the thought of making a purchase can be quite daunting. With this in mind, we have collected a range of different indoor grills that will fit every budget possible; from big spenders to bargain hunters. No matter what price tag you have in mind, this guide will be sure to cover something within your limits. We don't expect you to take out a loan to be able to afford an indoor grill, so you can rest easy knowing that all of this is incredibly affordable.
Temperature Settings - If you're planning to cook a wide variety of food on your indoor grill, then you're going to need to have temperature settings to control the heat. These usually come in the form of a dial-switch, which you simply crank up for a higher heat. As well as this, it's important to make sure that your indoor grill has a temperature indicator so that you know when the food is ready. This tends to be in the form of a light which will change in motion once everything is cooked.
Drip Tray - When grilling indoors, you're going to become far more aware of any fat or oil spills. And, when it comes to grilling, there's going to be plenty of that! In order to avoid any stains inside the house, make sure that your indoor grill comes with a drip tray. This simply catches any spills and makes the clean-up process ten times easier.
Removable Cooking Surface - Another way to make the clean-up process ten times easier is through the help of a removal cooking surface. A removal cooking surface means that the parts which get dirty can be disassembled and washed separately, meaning you aren't getting any electricals wet while doing so. Washing up will get pretty fiddly if the cooking surface isn't removable.
Size - Size certainly does matter when it comes to indoor grills, as you won't be able to cook for the whole family if you buy one too small! The size which you purchase will entirely depend on what you're using the grill for, but just remember that the smaller the grill, the less it will stand out in your home. Indoor grills are meant to be practical and transportable, so bear this in mind if you're planning to get a large one.
Power - Most indoor grills are powered by cable, but just ensure that they can withstand large amounts of energy. A lot of heat energy is going to be used while cooking, and the last thing you want is undercooked food thanks to a power outage.
Auto Shut Off - We've all been there; the horrifying realisation that we may have left the house without turning off a heater or putting out a candle. The same worries can occur with indoor grills, but luckily, many come with an 'auto shut off' feature, meaning the device will turn itself off when left unattended for too long. It's safe to say that this feature is perfect for even the most forgetful of people!
Timer - Not many indoor grills come with fancy displays like ovens do, so a timer is necessary in order to understand when something is actually cooked. Either set the timer yourself or let the grill work its automated magic. Either way, you'll receive a nice alert when your food is ready.
Non-stick - Nobody wants to tackle a sticky pan after eating a lovely meal. Cleaning up is a chore at the best of times, so why make it any harder? Luckily, most indoor grills feature non-stick pans, meaning you'll simply have to wipe away the grease in order for it to be sparkling clean again. Spend more time focusing on your epic food and less time worrying about having to chizel food off your beloved grill!
Hinge - A lot of indoor grills have a lid that shuts down in order to apply pressure and cook food. However, this can't be done if the grill has a weak hinge. Your indoor grill needs to have a durable hinge which can survive through heat and multiple uses.
It's important to know the difference between an open grill and closed contact grill so that you can purchase the right one, suited to your needs. Below, we discuss the purpose of each grill.
Open Grill - For thin foods, it's worth using an open grill so that the food doesn't become caramelized too quickly. With the help from an open grill, your food will cook evenly as you observe.
Closed Contact Grill - If you want thoroughly cooked food with a slightly rustic outer, then a closed contact grill will be the best option. A closed contact grill traps the heat inside of the cooking area, meaning even the thickest of meats will be cooked through. We'd suggest using a closed contact grill if you don't have the time or patience to wait for food to cook.


text:
eRepublik — браузерна онлайн стратегія і соціальна мережа. Гравці взаємодіють як окремі громадяни в соціумі, що симулює реальний світ. Гра була розроблена Алексісом Бонте та Джорджем Лемнару, які є засновниками компанії eRepublik Labs Limited, зареєстрованої в Ірландії. eRepublik перейшла до стадії бета-тестування 20 листопада 2007 року і з цього моменту має вільну реєстрацію. У червні 2010 року було замінено економічний і військовий модулі, що суттєво змінило характер гри. На кінець травня 2009 року спільнота становила понад 140 тисяч гравців. У травні 2010 року населення становило 300 тисяч гравців. У серпні 2010 — 225 тисяч. У серпні 2014 року грало 116,221 тисяч гравців.

6 лютого 2013 було запущено новий інтерфейс сайту. Зокрема, карту Нового світу перенесено на домашню сторінку користувача.

Фінансування

eRepublik отримала 2,75 мільйона євро як інвестиції. Основне джерело прибутку гри — продаж віртуальних цінностей.

Організація еРеспубліки

Ігровий модуль

eRepublik містить в собі елементи соціальної мережі та MMO-стратегії, в якій гравцям пропонуються різні шляхи участі у суспільному житті. Громадяни можуть найматися на роботу, мати власний бізнес, організовувати політичні партії, голосувати на президентських та парламентських виборах, друкувати газети, оголошувати загарбницькі або визвольні війни іншим державам і брати в них участь як солдати. Гра має дружній текстовий інтерфейс.

Перш ніж приєднатися до спільноти, гравець обирає державу і регіон, в якому він хоче «народитись». Усі держави та регіони мають свої відповідники в реальному світі, але можуть перебувати під юрисдикцією інших держав внаслідок загарбницьких війн, що постійно точаться у світі eRepublik. Перевагою гри є те, що вона потребує «не більше 14 хвилин на день» (на початкових стадіях гри навіть менше). Але, звісно, активне громадське життя забирає більше часу.

Економічний модуль

Економіка базується на таких галузях: видобування сировини (Зерно, Оленина, Риба, Велика рогата худоба, Фрукти, Залізо, Алюміній, Селітра, Оливи, Каучук), виробництво речей загального вжитку (їжа, зброя). По досягненні певної кількості зароблених грошей громадянин може купити або створити свою компанію, що розблоковує «можливості головного менеджера»: наймати інших громадян, встановлювати їхні зарплати, купувати сировину, виставляти вироблені продукти на продаж і купляти ліцензію на експорт.

Військовий модуль

Щоб проголосити війну іншим країнам, президент держави вносить відповідний закон на розгляд конгресу. Якщо його приймають, то починається війна і президент віддає накази щодо атакування чужих територій (по кожному регіону окремо). Армія складається з 4 дивизіонів(поділені за рівнями). Кожен користувач завдає шкоду. Якщо перевага становить 1800-раунд закінчується і починається очікування на інші дивизіони. За перемогу 1 дивизіону країна отримує 1 очко, за 2-2,за 3-3 і за 4-5.Для того, щоб захопити або відстояти регіон потрібно набрати 83 очки.

Газети

Кожен громадянин може створити свою газету і писати для неї статті. Інші громадяни можуть читати ці статі, голосувати за них, залишати коментарі та підписуватися на газети інших громадян. Якщо на газету підпишуться 1000 гравців, її власник отримає медаль «Медіа-Магната».

еУкраїна
еУкраїна на старті гри межувала з еПольщею, еРумунією, еСловаччиною, еУгорщиною, еМолдовою, еРосією, еБілоруссю, еТуреччиною, еБолгарією. Складалася з тринадцяти провінцій: Волинь, Галичина, Закарпаття, Поділля, Полісся, Буковина, Наддніпрянщина, Запоріжжя, Сіверщина, Слобожанщина, Донбас, Бессарабія, Таврида, зі столицею в регіоні Закарпаття.

31 січня 2013
еУкраїна складається з 0 провінцій. Її територією володіють еУгорщина, еПольща і еРумунія.

2 лютого 2013
еУкраїна контролює провінцію Буковину, Бессарабію контролює еРумунія, Наддніпрянщину та Запоріжжя — еПольща, інші українські провінції — еУгорщина.

6 лютого 2013
еУкраїна контролює провінцію Буковину. Наддніпрянщину та Запоріжжя контролює еПольша, інші українські провінції-еУгорщина.

7 травня 2013
Україна знову без жодної провінції. Всі території і далі під контролем еУгорщини, проте за останні 2 місяці двічі тимчасово вдавалося відбити по декілька територій під час битв за конгрес

13 червня 2013
Скориставшись з того, що Угорщина почала війну з Росією, українські повстанці визволили 5 провінцій (Донбас, Дніпро, Запоріжжя, Сіверію та Полісся), а згодом — і Слободу, чим суттєво ускладнило ведення угорцями війни проти Росії. З угорського боку було запропоновано пакт про ненапад, у якому йшлося про припинення між Угорщиною та Україною бойових дій. Наслідком цього стало фактичне долучення України до альянсу TWO, у якому перебувають майже всі її сусіди. 7 червня Україна оголосила війну Росії і здобула Центральне Чорнозем'я, а 13 червня — Москву і напала на Ленінград (перемога). Таким чином, на 14 червня Україна контролює 9 регіонів (з них 6 власних) і має кордон: на північному заході — з Фінляндією, на сході, півдні та заході — з Угорщиною, на заході — з Білоруссю, Латвією та Литвою.

06 грудня 2013

В еУкраїні відбулась зміна влади, президентське крісло зайняв представник від партії Анархістів. На кінець каденції еУкраїна володіє 1 регіоном — Сіверією.

Із травня по серпень Україна встигла відвоювати всю свою територію, вступити в Альянс із 6 країн «Сіріус», зробити невдачний АС (повітряну атаку) і втратити всю раніше відвойовану територію.

Політичні партії eRepublik
 Ukrainian Anarchists (Партія Анархістів) - започаткована 7 липня 2011 року гравцем з ніком Ivan Sirko. Партія була створена як партія людей, які сповідують принципи свободи і братерства та люблять свою Батьківщину. Партія увійшла та утримувалась тривалий час у ТОП-5 українських партій, що дозволяло партійцям балотуватись до парламенту. Партія вважалась політичним крилом військового підрозділу Anarchists Army. Певний деструктивний вплив на партію справляла наявність в керівництві партії декількох гравців з антиукраїнською позицією, який посилився після початку  в РЖ  бойових дій Росії на сході України в 2014 році. Наслідком чого стали неодноразові спроби ТО партії, що врешті решт призвело до тимчасового припинення існування партії наприкінці 2017 року та зміни назви на "Ukrainian Alternative"

Військові підрозділи eRepublik
 «White Legion» також «Білий Легіон» — військовий підрозділ, створений українськими націоналістами у 2013 році. Єдиний МЮ «ERepublik» де учасникам заборонено спілкуватися російською мовою. Учасником «Білого Легіону» був Андрій Витвицький, який мав ігровий нік «Speakerus».
«Right Legion» також «Правий Легіон» — військовий підрозділ , створений у травні 2018 року. До складу МЮ увійшло 90% колишніх учасників «White Legion»
 «Anarchists Army» - військовий підрозділ створений для членів Партії Анархістів. Існує з 2011 по теперішній час (2018). До початку війни на Сході України в «Anarchists Army» керівництво складалося із колабораціоністів, прихильників банформувань «ДНР/ЛНР».

Словник  eRepublik
 «Туклікер» (Twoclicker) — походить від ранніх версій гри, в яких новачок гри міг лише працювати та тренуватись, фактично натискаючи лише дві опції. Термін застосовується до гравців, які не особливо слідкують за перебігом подій в грі, в кращому разі виконуючи щоденні накази.
 «РЖ» також «РЛ» — скорочення від слів "Реальне життя", використовується гравцями в статтях та листуваннях і означає, що мова їде про події з реального життя, а не зі світу eRepublik
 «ТО» — захоплення партії або цілої країни шляхом спланованої акції направленої на перемогу в виборах президента партій чи країн. Проводиться шляхом масового переходу гравців перед виборами для голосування за свого кандидата -ТОшера
 «Бейбі-бум» (Baby Boom) — період, коли реєструється велика кількість новачків у грі в цілому, чи у конкретній країні.
 «Бот» — ігровий персонаж, створений гравцем з метою отримання медалі «Опора суспільства», чи з іншою корисливою метою (ТО, отримання голду тощо).
 «MM» (Monetary Market) — валютний ринок, де гравці обмінюють валюту та золото.
 «ТВ» (Training War) — тренувальна війна між двома дружніми або нейтральними країнами для здобуття їхніми громадянами нових військових звань або для виконання місій.
 «Нуб» (Noob) — недосвідчений або новий гравець. Часто використовується як образа.

Цікаві факти
 Від часу заснування гри відбулось вже п'ять світових війн, та ведеться шоста.

Примітки

Посилання
 Офіційний сайт гри
 eRepublik Wiki
 Мапа гри

Браузерні ігри
MMOG

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LAS VEGAS, NV--(Marketwired - Jan 6, 2015) - Consumer Electronics Show -- iBaby Labs, Inc. today announced the unveiling of a new, high-fidelity audio monitor and Wifi speaker that turns iOS or Android mobile devices into a real-time monitor and music player that lets families interact on-the-go with their loved ones. This new monitor is the latest in iBaby Lab's suite of award-winning baby monitors including the M2, M3s and the newest video monitor the M6.
The Baby Care Solution uses a Wifi speaker to deliver two-way audio including music and voice. Through top streaming services such as Spotify, Voice Recording, iBaby Cloud or through a user's phone music library, families and caregivers can play favorite songs or sing their own lullaby to calm and soothe their loved ones whenever needed. Moons and stars can also be projected to provide additional entertainment.
"iBaby continues to develop innovative products that help parents and family connect with those they care about most when they can't physically be with them," said Karl Xu, Founder and CEO iBaby Labs. "The Baby Care Solution gives families the opportunity to soothe, entertain and connect regardless of where they are at any given moment."
The Baby Care Solution maintains many of the great features of earlier iBaby monitors, including the easy "plug and play" set up and simple pairing with a free companion mobile app. With a simple swipe of an iOS or Android device, parents and caregivers can control the monitor and interact anytime, anywhere. Friends and family can be set up on the system to talk/sing, play music, audio stories or projections.
The full suite of iBaby products will be on display at the 2015 Consumer Electronics Show in the iHealth Lab Inc. booth at the Las Vegas Convention Center in North Hall #6119.
Based in Mountain View, California, iBaby Labs, Inc. is an innovator of baby wellness products designed for use with your iPod touch, iPhone and iPad. In 2011, iBaby Labs introduced the iBaby monitor, which revolutionized modern parenting by extending the range of baby monitoring to anywhere an iOS device can be connected. Parents can take advantage of the two-way audio capability to care for and comfort their baby from anywhere in the world. For additional iBaby Labs products and information visit our website at www.ibabylabs.com.
To access the iBaby Labs CES 2015 Media Kit with images and additional product information, please visit: https://ibabylabs.com/press.


Introduced into the 1991 SSE Yearbook by Carolyn Male. It was given to her by co-worker Carl Swidorski, who said the seed originated in Poland circa 1900. Phenomenal set of 3" by 6" red paste tomatoes on vigorous wispy vines. Excellent flavor and very few seeds make this a perfect processing tomato. Fruits hold well on the vine. Indeterminate, 85 days from transplant.


Global data storage technology leader Western Digital just announced the brand new G-DRIVE mobile SSD R-Series devices. Billed as the fastest G-Technology portable SSDs, R-Series utilizes the latest USB 3.1 gen 2 interface and can reach transfer speeds of 560MB/s depending on the used hardware.
Besides that, the latest R-Series SSDs are built using hand-picked components and can withstand even the toughest conditions in the field due to their extremely rugged design. The new mobile SSDs have an International Protection Rating of 67 (IP67) for water and dust resistance and have been tested to withstand up to a 3-meter drop as well as 1000 lbs of pressure.
The R-Series SSDs are compatible with the latest Mac computers and other laptops through a reversible USB-C port with a USB 3.1 Gen 2 interface and also include a USB 3.0/2.0 cable adapter for backward compatibility. The new mobile G-Drive SSDs come in 500GB, 1TB, and 2TB capacities retailing for $199.95, $379.95 and $699.95 respectively. All three models are also backed by an industry-leading 5-Year limited warranty.
With its impressive data transfer speeds and rock-solid protection against accidental bumps or drops, the new R-Series mobile SSDs seem to be a viable option for content creators working on the go who want to have a reliable storage solution that can also protect their media, no matter what.
The G-DRIVE mobile SSD R-Series device will be available at select G-technology resellers around the world later this year. For more information on the G-Technology latest offerings, head over to the company's official website.


Offering pediatric and adult patients a continuum of comprehensive post-acute medical care, inpatient rehabilitation, and outpatient rehabilitation following an acquired or traumatic brain injury, sudden accident, or illness, Nexus Health Systems is the national leader in physician-driven clinical neuroscience.
Our medical model of care supports our patients from the earliest stages throughout the entire recovery process, delivering a holistic rehabilitation approach extending beyond traditional physical, occupational, and speech therapies. Multi-disciplinary teams develop individualized treatment plans addressing interpersonal, behavioral, cognitive, physical, and emotional issues to ensure underlying challenges are identified making rehabilitation more successful.
Nexus is reshaping the standards of neurorehabilitation by concentrating on the person as a whole as we focus on mending minds.
Do you know someone who needs help or support?
You can expect compassionate, positive and attentive physicians, nurses and other medical staff caring for your loved one.
Providing catastrophic care for children, adolescents and adults, Nexus offers a spectrum of medical and rehabilitation services through our nationally recognized physician-led, multi-disciplinary teams.
Sign up for the latest news and information from Nexus.


An innocuous title for the most part, but not when discussing LG software updates. As if I did not have enough problems getting LG software to work initially, I fell for the 'upgrade your software' ploy. It wasn't anything to do with the 'less than smart' LG application as I had hoped, more to do with USB drivers. Removing the cellphone battery is part of it and possibly the least frustrating part were it not for the fact that I had to do it seven times in all. A variety of windows clambered onto the screen, some saying that the … Continue reading Updating software..
Posted: October 28, 2011 .
What I want from it.. A proper working desktop version, complete with proper working start menu and desktop front end,. It's that simple. My computer is not the size of a phone or small book, and for what I do, keyboard and mouse is still the best input method. If I don't get what I want from it.. I do not consider the Windows 8 desktop to be anything more than a sham re desktop computer use presently. Windows 7 took away the classic menu functions which for desktop users like me was everything. Now Windows 8 is taking the … Continue reading Windows 8..
Posted: October 12, 2011 .
Posted: October 6, 2011 .
If you go to the Microsoft Gadget Gallery now, you will find many less gadgets available. This is not to say that the gadgets no longer exist, more that Microsoft are no longer providing the service as was. What few gadgets are on the current gadget page is all you will get unless you do a search in your preferred browser for 3rd party gadgets. This is the NEW Microsoft Gadget Gallery.. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/downloads/personalize/gadgets Whatever you have running now, go to each gadgets 'help' and then bookmark the individual gadget website in case you ever need to re-install, and don't forget … Continue reading Windows Gadgets..
Posted: October 5, 2011 .


You will be pleased to know, both may be possible during your eXclusive Gulets cruise! If you are interested in trying a selection of locally produced premium wine, or top shelf champagnes from around the globe, we can certainly help you with that.
For those stargazers... well, you wouldn't need our help. Lying on a sun-warmed deck at night watching the glittering stars, you are guaranteed to have a good show in the unpolluted night sky theater!
At eXclusive Gulets, we are committed to serve first class meals on all our charters. Gulets are provisioned early in the morning by our local teams, using only local produce fresh ingredients which are mostly organic and all meals are prepared by your very own chef on-board for the ultimate alfresco dining experience. Please be sure to inform us of any special dietary requirements you may have, so the chef can prepare accordingly.
There is always a selection of appetizers like stuffed peppers, pan fried aubergines and artichokes. The ancient alluvial river valleys between the high mountains grow a remarkable range of salads, vegetables and fruits. Pulses are traditionally cooked on slow heat in extra virgin olive oil and they are the favourites of vegetarians.
Succulent fresh fish and other seafood is sometimes caught by the crew or the guests themselves or bought from local fishermen who come along when they have a catch to sell. For meat lovers lamb, beef or free-range chicken is seasoned with fresh herbs like basil, oregano, tarragon, thyme and paprika and cooked on a barbecue to capture all the flavours.
Before you embark upon your luxury charter, you and your guests will be asked to complete a preference sheet which will itemise in detail any dietary requirements, food allergies and medical conditions that the crew should be made aware of prior to departure. Be as detailed as you can be, if you are on a strict diet, mention it, if you only like white chocolate, put it down as the crew will then use this sheet to familiarise themselves with your likes, dislikes and how you like to dine. Be completely honest and maybe even adventurous and you will not be disappointed. Once this preference sheet has been reviewed by the crew, you can rest assured that the cuisine on-board your yacht charter will be nothing less than perfect.
Whether you prefer alfresco lunches, formal dining, beach picnics or sundeck snacking, our on board Chef will cater to your every gastronomic delight, from beautifully assembled four course meals to delicious snacks and nibbles, there is no doubt that your food experience will be nothing but delightful.
Remember, chefs will not have access to large supplies of ingredients once the yacht has set sail and although it may be possible to source ingredients locally; this is dependent on your charter destination. Be sure to mention if you have a special occasion whilst on board as yacht charter crews love to host a party. From pirate themed nights to decadent dinner parties, what better way to celebrate than with a feast of culinary delights alongside your favourite people with a slice of personalised birthday cake for dessert? From delectable beach picnics to delicious hors d'oeuvres your on board chef can prepare astounding meals which are perfectly tailored to your own personal preferences, bon appetit!
ARE YOU FEELING PECKISH? GET IN TOUCH!


text:
Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 38 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Graw" beginnt.

Graw

 Graw, Ansgar (* 1961), deutscher Journalist
 Graw, Christian (* 1975), deutscher Jurist und Richter am Bundesfinanzhof
 Graw, Isabelle (* 1962), deutsche Kunstkritikerin und Professorin für Kunsttheorie
 Graw, Josef (1854–1929), deutscher Politiker (Zentrum), MdL
 Graw, Josef (1907–1986), deutscher Physiker
 Graw, Matthias (* 1960), deutscher Rechtsmediziner
 Graw, Theresia (* 1964), deutsche Schriftstellerin und Radiojournalistin

Grawe
 Gräwe, Bernd (* 1948), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Grawe, Christian (* 1935), deutscher Germanist und Übersetzer
 Grawe, Dmitri Alexandrowitsch (1863–1939), russischer und ukrainischer Mathematiker
 Gräwe, Ernst (1914–1945), deutscher Soldat im Zweiten Weltkrieg
 Gräwe, Georg (* 1956), deutscher Jazz-Pianist und Komponist
 Grawe, Hubert (1938–2011), deutscher Informatiker
 Gräwe, Karl Dietrich (1937–2019), deutscher Dramaturg und Musikwissenschaftler
 Grawe, Klaus (1943–2005), deutscher Psychotherapeut, Psychotherapieforscher
 Gräwe, Lisanne (* 2003), deutsche Fußballspielerin
 Grawender, Nina (* 1987), schwedische Beachvolleyballspielerin
 Grawert, Dietrich von (1822–1889), preußischer Generalleutnant
 Grawert, Eduard (1808–1864), deutscher Maler
 Grawert, Fritz († 1449), Kaufmann und Zirkelherr in Lübeck
 Grawert, Fritz († 1476), Ratsherr der Hansestadt Lübeck
 Grawert, Fritz († 1538), Ratsherr der Hansestadt Lübeck und Befehlshaber auf der Lübecker Flotte
 Grawert, Gerald (1930–2005), deutscher theoretischer Physiker
 Grawert, Gideon von (1869–1941), deutscher Kolonialoffizier
 Grawert, Gottfried (1670–1724), sächsischer Generalmajor und Kartograf
 Gräwert, Günter (1930–1996), deutscher Schauspieler und Regisseur
 Grawert, Julius von (1746–1821), preußischer General der Infanterie
 Grawert, Olaf (* 1987), österreichischer Architekt, Autor, Kurator und Lehrender
 Grawert, Rolf (* 1936), deutscher Rechtswissenschaftler
 Grawert, Theodor (1858–1927), deutscher Musiker
 Grawert, Werner von (1867–1918), deutscher Kolonialoffizier
 Grawert-May, Erik von (* 1944), deutscher Wirtschaftswissenschaftler

Grawi
 Grawi, Kurt (1887–1944), Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Verfolgung
 Grawitz, Ernst (1860–1911), deutscher Mediziner
 Grawitz, Ernst-Robert (1899–1945), deutscher Mediziner, Vorsitzender des DRK und Reichsarzt SS
 Grawitz, Paul (1850–1932), deutscher Mediziner

Grawu
 Grawunder, Manfred (* 1952), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Grawunder, Sven, deutscher Linguist und Phonetiker


text:
Microsimulation Tax Model
Carl Davis
Matthew Gardner
Amy Hanauer
Steve Wamhoff
Meg Wiehe
Federal Policy Homepage
Inequality and the Economy
Refundable Tax Credits
Tax Analyses
Tax Reform Options and Challenges
Taxing Wealth and Income from Wealth
Trump Tax Policies
State Policy Homepage
Education Tax Breaks
Personal Income Taxes
Sales, Gas and Excise Taxes
SALT Deduction
State Corporate Taxes
Tax Credits for Workers and Families
Who Pays?
Matt Gardner is a senior fellow at ITEP where he has worked since 1998. He previously served as ITEP's executive director from 2006 to 2016. Matt's work focuses on federal, state and local tax systems, with a particular emphasis on the impact of tax policies on low- and moderate-income taxpayers. He uses ITEP's microsimulation model to produce economic projections and analyses on the effects of current and proposed federal and state tax and budget policies.
blog	November 18, 2021
Report Illustrates How 70 Corporations Could Be Affected by Minimum Tax Proposal in the Build Back Better Act
Amazon, Bank of America, Facebook, FedEx, General Motors, Google, Netflix, PayPal, T-Mobile and Verizon are just a few of the 70 corporations that would have paid more taxes under the…
report	September 21, 2021
Tax Changes in the House Ways and Means Committee Build Back Better Bill
Download National and State-by-State Data NOTE: This report was revised on October 1 to incorporate new estimates of one of the proposals, the 3 percent surcharge on income in excess…
report	August 26, 2021
Options to Reduce the Revenue Loss from Adjusting the SALT Cap
Download National and State-by-State Data Read as PDF Lawmakers determined to eliminate the cap on federal income tax deductions for state and local taxes (SALT) have several options to reduce…
report	July 29, 2021
Corporate Tax Avoidance Under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
Thirty-nine profitable corporations in the S&P 500 or Fortune 500 paid no federal income tax from 2018 through 2020, the first three years that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) was in effect. Besides the 39 companies that paid nothing over three years, an additional 73 profitable corporations paid less than half the statutory corporate income tax rate of 21 percent established under TCJA. As a group, these 73 corporations paid an effective federal income tax rate of just 5.3 percent during these three years.
brief	May 25, 2021
Income Tax Increases in the President's American Families Plan
President Biden's American Families Plan includes revenue-raising proposals that would affect only very high-income taxpayers.[1] The two most prominent of these proposals would restore the top personal income tax rate to 39.6 percent and eliminate tax breaks related to capital gains for millionaires. As this report explains, these proposals would affect less than 1 percent of taxpayers and would be confined almost exclusively to the richest 1 percent of Americans. The plan includes other tax increases that would also target the very well-off and would make our tax system fairer. It would raise additional revenue by more effectively enforcing tax laws already on the books.
blog	May 18, 2021
IRS Clock Runs Out, Saving 14 Large Companies $1.3 Billion
Each year, corporations publicly state that some of the tax breaks they claim are unlikely to withstand scrutiny from tax authorities. And each year, corporations report that they will keep some of the dubious tax breaks they declared in previous years simply because the statute of limitations ran out before tax authorities made any conclusions. This suggests that, perhaps because of cuts to its enforcement budget, the IRS is not even investigating corporations that publicly announce they have claimed tax breaks that tax authorities would likely find illegal.
brief	May 6, 2021
Effects of the President's Capital Gains and Dividends Tax Proposals by State
President Biden's proposal to eliminate the lower income tax rate on capital gains (profits from selling assets) and stock dividends for millionaires would affect less than half of one percent (0.4 percent) of U.S. taxpayers if it goes into effect in 2022. The share of taxpayers affected would be less than 1 percent in every state.
blog	April 19, 2021
Nike's Tax Avoidance Response Does not Dispute It Paid $0 in Federal Income Tax
It was (allegedly) P.T. Barnum who first said "there's no such thing as bad publicity." But the public relations professionals at the Nike Corporation clearly disagree with this maxim. Last week, after multiple media outlets, including the New York Times, wrote about ITEP's conclusion that Nike avoided federal corporate income taxes under the Trump tax law, the company contacted these news organizations to… change the subject.
report	April 8, 2021
National and State-by-State Estimates of President Biden's Campaign Proposals for Revenue
During his presidential campaign, Joe Biden proposed to change the tax code to raise revenue directly from households with income exceeding $400,000. More precisely, Biden proposed to raise personal income taxes on unmarried individuals and married couples with taxable income exceeding $400,000, and he also proposed to raise payroll taxes on individual workers with earnings exceeding $400,000. Just 2 percent of taxpayers would see a direct tax hike (an increase in either personal income taxes, payroll taxes, or both) if Biden's campaign proposals were in effect in 2022. The share of taxpayers affected in each state would vary from a low of 0.6 percent in West Virginia to a high of 3.5 percent in New Jersey.
The High Cost of Corporate Tax Avoidance (Webinar)
When communities thrive, so do corporations. But when profitable corporations build their empires by exploiting the tax code, it is workers, the environment and our communities—not CEOs or shareholders—that are harmed. Amazon posted its highest U.S. profit ever for 2020, an unprecedented year defined by a pandemic. Yet the company sheltered more than half its profits from corporate taxes—legally. While the company may be one of the most recognizable tax avoiders, it's not an outlier.
55 Corporations Paid $0 in Federal Taxes on 2020 Profits
At least 55 of the largest corporations in America paid no federal corporate income taxes in their most recent fiscal year despite enjoying substantial pretax profits in the United States. This continues a decades-long trend of corporate tax avoidance by the biggest U.S. corporations, and it appears to be the product of long-standing tax breaks preserved or expanded by the 2017 tax law as well as the CARES Act tax breaks enacted in the spring of 2020.
news release	March 31, 2021
President Biden's Infrastructure Plan Moves Toward Ending "Zero-Tax" Profitable Corporations
Following is a statement by Matthew Gardner, a senior fellow at the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, regarding the corporate tax provisions in the "American Jobs Plan," released by…
blog	March 19, 2021
Zoom Pays $0 in Federal Income Taxes on Pandemic Profits
Zoom Video Communications, the company providing a platform used by remote workers and school children across the country during the pandemic, saw its profits increase by more than 4,000 percent last year but paid no federal corporate income tax on those profits.
blog	February 12, 2021
CARES Act Helps Create $4.6 Billion Tax Cut for Health Care Companies Paying Opioid Settlements
Talk about a one-two punch. A new report from the Washington Post reveals that the U.S. public is set to pay for the opioid crisis again. Already, communities across the country have paid a heavy price via the devastating public health toll. Now, it appears taxpayers will be on the hook for billions in corporate tax breaks as four pharmaceutical companies exploit a loophole in the Trump-GOP tax law and a CARES Act tax provision meant for companies facing pandemic-related profit losses.
blog	February 3, 2021
Amazon Has Record-Breaking Profits in 2020, Avoids $2.3 Billion in Federal Income Taxes
Amazon's winning streak in its battle against the U.S. tax system remains intact. This week the retail giant announced record-breaking sales and income for 2020, and an effective federal income tax rate of just 9.4 percent, less than half the statutory corporate tax of 21 percent. If Amazon had paid 21 percent of its profits in federal income tax, that would have come to $4.1 billion. The company's reported current tax of $1.8 billion was less than half that, meaning last year Amazon avoided $2.3 billion in taxes.
Pandemic Profits: Netflix Made Record Profits in 2020, Paid a Tax Rate of Less than 1 Percent
Netflix's "current" federal income tax for 2020 was $24 million, which equals just 0.9 percent of the company's pretax income for the year. This is another way of saying Netflix paid an effective federal income tax rate of just 0.9 percent in 2020. If the company paid the statutory rate, its tax bill would be $572 million.
blog	October 28, 2020
An Underfunded IRS Allows Corporations to Get Away with Probably Illegal Tax Dodges
A new look at S&P 500 annual financial reports for 2019 shows that five companies—Chevron, Dell, Eli Lilly, ExxonMobil and General Electric—kept $1 billion in tax breaks they admitted were probably illegal because tax authorities failed to come to a final determination before the statute of limitations ran out.
blog	September 30, 2020
Donald Trump and Taxes: Fast and Loose with Loopholes or Fraud?
The president's apparent abuse of everything from hair-care deductions to consulting fees for family members raises questions about whether Trump was fast and loose with tax loopholes or whether the IRS simply wasn't enforcing the law. Either way, Trump successfully flouting or pushing the limits of the law shouldn't come as a surprise: Congress has cut IRS funding, in real terms in each of the last 10 years.
blog	August 5, 2020
Between the Lines: Amazon Q2 Report Hints It Will Avoid Taxes on This Year's Record Profit Haul
The House Judiciary Committee last week held an antitrust hearing to scrutinize Amazon and other tech companies' growing dominance. A look at the online retail giant's new quarterly report and past tax avoidance reveals why lawmakers should be equally concerned about how the tax system allows dominant, profitable corporations to avoid most or all federal tax on their profits.
Amazon, yet again, is poised to pay little or no federal income tax on its record profits, and it appears likely to do so using entirely legal tax breaks for stock options and research and development.
blog	July 29, 2020
Biden's Minimum Corporate Tax Proposal: Yes, Please Limit Amazon's Tax Breaks
A large majority of Americans want corporations to pay more taxes and Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden has several proposals to achieve that. The newest idea is to require corporations to pay a minimum tax equal to 15 percent of profits they report to shareholders and to the public if this is less than what they pay under regular corporate tax rules. A recent article in the Wall Street Journal quotes several critics of the proposal, but none of their points are convincing.
A Tax Loophole You Could Drive a Food Truck Through: Senate GOP Proposes Full Deductibility of Business Meals
After weeks of being in no particular hurry to assemble a new COVID-19 economic relief package, the Senate GOP has released its plan. It includes the "Supporting America's Restaurant Workers Act," which would allow business owners to write off 100 percent of the cost of their restaurant meals through the end of 2020. The two most obvious questions to ask about such a plan are "why" and "why now?" Republican lawmakers have not offered sensible responses to either because they have none.
An Updated Analysis of a Potential Payroll Tax Holiday
ITEP estimates that if Congress and the president eliminated all Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes paid by employers and employees from Sept. 1 through the end of the year, 64 percent of the benefits would go the richest 20 percent of taxpayers and 24 percent of the benefits would go to the richest 1 percent of taxpayers, as illustrated in the table below. The total cost of this hypothetical proposal would be $336 billion.
Who Pays Taxes in America in 2020?
Having a sound understanding of who pays taxes and how much is a particularly relevant question now as the nation grapples with a health and economic crisis that is devastating lower-income families and requiring all levels of government to invest more in keeping individuals, families and communities afloat. This year, the share of all taxes paid by the richest 1 percent of Americans (24.3 percent) will be just a bit higher than the share of all income going to this group (20.9 percent). The share of all taxes paid by the poorest fifth of Americans (2 percent) will be just a bit lower than the share of all income going to this group (2.8 percent).
report	June 30, 2020
Republican Tax Credit Proposal Would Provide New Breaks to Tax Avoiders Like Amazon and Netflix
While lawmakers of both parties and policy experts discuss various ways to respond to the continuing COVID-19 crisis and resulting economic downturn, Republicans in Congress are offering a new solution. Their idea, which is still being discussed, is to waive existing limits on business tax credits. This could benefit corporations that are profitable but that nonetheless pay no taxes or very little in taxes because of the many tax breaks and legal loopholes they already enjoy.
blog	June 23, 2020
McSally "Travel Tax Credit" Is an Invitation for Tax Avoidance
Earlier this week, U.S. Sen. Martha McSally (R-AZ) introduced the "American TRIP Act," a bill ostensibly designed to encourage Americans to boost the economy by traveling within the United States. The bill is certainly a trip in the colloquial sense of the word.
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ITEP
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text:
File #: 2019-1275 Version: 1
Type: Resolution Status: Passed Finally
File created: 1/7/2019 In control: Committee on Land Use and Economic Development
On agenda: 1/8/2019 Final action: 1/22/2019
Enactment date: 1/22/2019 Enactment #: 63
Title: Resolution granting unto Andy Hardy, their successors and assigns, the privilege and license to construct, maintain and use at their own cost and expense, a handicap ramp with handrail and landing at 2832 Murray Avenue in the 14th Ward, Council District 5 of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Sponsors: Corey O'Connor
Indexes: ENCROACHMENTS & EASEMENTS
1/22/2019 1 City Council Passed Finally Pass Action details Meeting details Video
1/16/2019 1 Standing Committee Affirmatively Recommended Pass Action details Meeting details Video
1/8/2019 1 City Council Read and referred Action details Meeting details Video
Resolution granting unto Andy Hardy, their successors and assigns, the privilege and license to construct, maintain and use at their own cost and expense, a handicap ramp with handrail and landing at 2832 Murray Avenue in the 14th Ward, Council District 5 of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Section 1.	That Andy Hardy, their successors and assigns, are hereby granted the privilege to construct, maintain and use at their own cost and expense, 1. A concrete ADA accessible ramp 20'4" in length with a pipe rail along the Murray Avenue sidewalk extending over the property line for a maximum of 2'9" of sidewalk area for the leaving 8'9" - 2'9" of pedestrian walk space at 2832 Murray Avenue in the 14th Ward, Council District 5 of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The said encroachment shall conform to the provisions of their resolution and in accordance with the Plans on file in the Americans with Disabilities Act Office, Department of City Planning.
Section 2. The said Grantee prior to the beginning of the construction of said encroachment shall submit to the ADA Coordinator of the City of Pittsburgh for further review by Director of the Department of Mobility and Infrastructure of the City of Pittsburgh, a complete set of plans, in triplicate, showing the location and all details of said construction. Said plans and said construction shall be subject to the approval and supervision of the Director of the Department of Mobility and Infrastructure.
Section 3. The encroachment herein granted shall be subject and subordinate to the rights of the City of Pittsburgh and its powers and supervision over City streets, and also to Resolutions of the City of Pittsburgh relating thereto, and to the provisions of any general Resolutions which have been or may be hereafter passed relating to said construction, maintenance and its use of City streets and compensation for same.
Section 4. ...


LADAKH, India– Anita Bajpay, executive producer at AT Films Productions, has a passion for helping girls from the remote region of Ladakh, known for its stunning landscapes and Buddhist culture. She recently visited Ladakh and talked to INDIA New England News via an email interview.
Ladakh lies in the eastern region of Jammu and Kashmir and has always been a much sought-after tourist destination.
She said that combined with an increased awareness of the importance of educating and empowering girls, there has been a sharp rise in school attendance. According to the 2011 Census, female literacy rate in Jammu and Kashmir for the district of Leh rose from 12.09 percent in 1981, to 50.03 percent in 1991 and 64.52 percent in 2011.
She said that Our Ladakhi Sisters, a Maine-based non-profit organization, is doing a great job in helping these girls.
Another group helping Ladakhi girls is Ladakhi Women's Welfare Network, founded by Thinlas Choral.
Bajpay is currently working on connecting different charitable organizations with such students (via the local schools) so that their education can be funded or sponsored, she said.
"Based in New Jersey for several years, I have worked with local non-profit organizations to empower women in the South Asian community," Bajpay said.