text:
Let's Get Going – Climate Action Together
March 9, 2016 Climate, Economy, energycanada, climate change, climate solutions, economy, farming, organic farming, solarGuy Dauncey
F is for Future, a world without fossil fuels,
new solar symphony changing the gyre,
clean up our garbage, restore Nature's harmony,
offer our children the hopes they desire.
To download the PDF version of this paper, click Climate Action Together
So how do we do it?[1]
How do we tackle the climate crisis with the speed and resolution that the climate scientists say is so urgently needed?
How do we make a rapid transition to a 100% renewable energy economy in a positive, nation-building manner, without causing economic mayhem, unemployment and chaos?
It's complicated. There's no doubt about it. Our economy is completely enmeshed in fossil fuels. We use fossil fuels to travel, to heat our homes and buildings, to generate electricity, to power our industry, to make plastics and to pave the roads. If fossil fuels were to magically stop working due to a zombie-ray from outer space or an unexpected change in the laws of physics, our economy would grind to an immediate halt.
But if we don't make a global transition out of fossil fuels, protect Earth's forests and reduce our consumption of meat—if we fail to prevent the carbon from accumulating in the atmosphere and fail to reduce the 300 GT carbon overload that's already there—we face a far more devastating and permanent collapse.
An economy can recover, but Earth's oceans, savannahs, farmlands, forests and tundra and all the species they support cannot so easily adapt to the multiple impacts of a steadily warming world.
We must achieve this transition, pushing aside the denial of those who claim that climate change is a hoax we can safely ignore, or who insist that the needs of the economy must come first, as if an economy can exist independent of the environment that supports us all.
Yes, it's complicated—but so was going to the Moon. So was establishing public healthcare, and defeating the Nazis. Endless tinkering to make the first airplane fly was complicated, too. Discovering how to bring electricity to a whole city was complicated. But since when did that stop us?
We owe it to ourselves to move beyond the single solutions that newcomers to the debate often promote, such as nuclear power, carbon capture, ending growth and consumerism, or somehow stopping population growth. We owe it to ourselves to grapple with the complexity of the crisis, and to emerge with a basket of solutions that address the actual emission of greenhouse gases, and the politics, policies and persuasions that drive them.
And we need to do it together. We cannot depend on policy wonks or governments to do it for us. We need all to be engaged, from students to full-time parents, from business-people and public servants to farmers and foresters. We need to do it together. So let's get going.
Canada's domestic greenhouse gas emissions have seven main sources, which are listed in the government's inventory. These do not include our exported emissions, or emissions embodied in imported goods.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector. Environment and Climate Change Canada, April 2015.
Any strategy that does not address all seven of the major sources, and the dynamics that drive them, will be unable to achieve the transition that's needed.
For ease of understanding, and hopefully without any sacrifice of complexity, I have sorted the initiatives that are needed into ten clusters, each of which has ten solutions, some of which are well acknowledged while others are less well understood.
How rapidly must we do it?
There is a widely acknowledged risk that if the global temperature rise exceeds 2°C, it will be difficult and maybe impossible to prevent it from rising by 3° or more degrees, since feedback loops will kick in, and the last time the temperature was 3° warmer, the global sea level was 25 metres higher. Even a two or three meter sea-level rise will cause the permanent inundation of highly populated areas of the world, from Vancouver to New York, from Holland to Shanghai.[2]
The current increase of 1°C is already bringing a costly, painful and damaging increase in natural disasters.[3] This is why the world's nations collectively agreed at the COP-21 Paris climate conference to try to limit the warming to 1.5°C, and to 'well below' 2°C.
To achieve this, the quantity of additional carbon that can be added to the atmosphere is very small, and the global transition to 100% renewable energy is needed as rapidly as possible. It is chiefly the difficult psychology and challenging politics of rapid change, influenced by stubborn resistance from fossil fuel interests, and climate denial propaganda financed by them, that make people believe it is not possible.[4]
The climate science is unequivocal, based on the physics of the accumulating carbon. For a 75% chance that the warming will not exceed 2°C, the total global carbon budget (starting in 2016), i.e. the total additional carbon dioxide that can be released, is 460 Gt of CO2.[5] A recent February 2016 analysis published in Nature Climate Change sets the budget at 590 to 1240 GtCO2 for a 66% chance that the warming will not exceed 2°C.[6]
Based on the global budget of 460 Gt of CO2, Canada's total carbon budget starting in 2016 as a percentage of global emissions comes to 5,275 Mt of CO2, and it will be exhausted by 2028 at the current slow decline of just 7 Mt a year. For an orderly transition, Canada's emissions need to fall by 5-10% (25-50 Mt) a year, reaching zero between 2030 and 2040. The only way to justify a later date is to increase the chance of failure.
If the goal is to try to limit the warming to 1.5°C, as the world's nations agreed to in Paris, the decline must be a more rapid 10% a year, or 50 Mt a year.[7]
Key technological breakthroughs are still needed to make the goal achievable, but when President Kennedy declared in May 1961 that America would put a man on the Moon before the end of the decade, no-one at NASA knew how they were going to do it: they simply had the faith, skill and determination to make it happen, matched by a ten-year investment of $25 billion, equivalent to $500 billion in 2016 prices. What would climate action look like if our business, cultural and political leaders really intended to adopt a level of urgency similar to that with which we fought to defeat Hitler in World War II? This is what this paper addresses.
Are these the best policies?
No. If we call the policies and initiatives enacted in Canada between 1990 and 2015 Plan A, then this is Plan B.
Climate Plan A was a mish-mash of weak approaches, a bit here, a bit there, without any long-term commitment, consistency, or correlation to the actual emissions that needed reducing. The only effective policies were those that are also in Plan B: the hard timetable for the closure of Ontario's coal-fired power; BC's carbon tax, until it stalled; and the Canada-US vehicle fuel emissions standards.
Climate Plan B, laid out here, is targeted and determined. Its important take-aways can be summarized as three major commitments:
Inspire and educate Canadians to participate in a transition to 100% renewable energy and a new green economy;
Put an effective price on carbon, and use most of the income to invest in the new green economy;
Introduce comprehensive, targeted regulations that are effective enough to get us there.[8]
Climate Plan C will be needed if Plan B fails, and will become politically more acceptable as the urgency of the climate crisis sinks in. In Plan C, the world's nations, instead of offering voluntary Intended National Determined Contributions (INDCs), would agree to a global carbon cap, leaving most of the carbon reserves in the ground, imposing a hard global cap on the total carbon that can be released, leading to hard national caps for each nation, falling by 5% to 10% a year to stay within the cap. This will bring the need for carbon rationing as the fairest way to distribute the available carbon rights among people, businesses and governments, with rations falling by 5% to 10% a year as the transition to 100% renewable energy proceeds.
In reality, Plan C is needed now, but since most of Canada's pundits, public and politicians have yet to grasp the true urgency of the crisis, the debate about what's really needed has not even begun, not even on tiptoe. There is not yet the political will to embrace a hard, legislated "leave it in the ground" cap, accompanied by rationing. In Britain, rationing was not introduced until after World War II broke out, when everyone knew they were in an emergency, starting with gasoline and then including bacon, butter, sugar, and other essential food items.[9] Once the challenge had been taken on, both in Britain and in Canada, rationing was accompanied by an exceptional spirit of single-mindedness, determination and shared commitment.[10]
Plan B is based on the stated desire of Canadians to embark on the transition to 100% renewable energy, knowing that doing so in a planned and orderly manner will give us the best chance to safeguard our economy and the jobs we depend on for our incomes as the transition proceeds. According to a November 2015 Oraclepoll, 84% of Canadians want the federal government to direct new investment toward a plan to create jobs in the renewable energy sector, and 70% percent want a commitment to legally enforce limits on carbon pollution.[11]
So without more ado, let's dig into Plan B. Each cluster is accompanied by a scorecard, creating a maximum score of 100, enabling our policy progress to be tracked, published and rewarded.
Summary: The Ten Most Important Climate Action Clusters
Promote climate leadership, engagement, education and adaptation.
Create targets, policies and regulations to achieve 100% renewable energy for electricity by 2030.
Create targets, policies and regulations to achieve a transition to sustainable transportation by 2040.
Create targets, policies and regulations to achieve a transition to sustainable buildings by 2040.
Put an annually increasing effective price on carbon.
Build a green cooperative entrepreneurial economy for the 21st century.
Create targets, policies and regulations to reduce fossil fuel industry emissions and leave most fossil fuels in the ground.
Create targets, policies and regulations to help Canada's emissions-intensive industries to reduce their emissions and shift to 100% renewable energy by 2040.
Create targets, policies and regulations to help Canada's farmers, ranchers and foresters to reduce their emissions to zero and sequestrate carbon by 2040.
Work with other nations to accelerate global progress.
Cluster 1. Promote climate leadership, engagement, education and adaptation
The transition needs the support, involvement and engagement of millions of climate-literate Canadians. We need to do this together. Therefore:
Work with Canada's provinces, mayors and other partners to organize cross-country inspirational celebrations of Canada's new vision, and our determination to be a world leader in our embrace of a sustainable green future.
Work with the provinces to establish a long-term funding program for community climate initiatives, and by 2018 to train 5,000 Canadians to become Climate Solutions Leaders in their communities, and in the businesses and institutions where they work.
Work with the provinces and educational leaders to ensure that climate educators in Canada's schools and colleges teach accurate climate science, and place most of their emphasis on solutions to the crisis, not just the problems. Our kids already have deep worries about the future, and it is highly irresponsible to give them more reason for despair without also showing how we are tackling the crisis.
Work with the provinces and college leaders to ensure that Canada's colleges offer the training programs needed for the transition to 100% renewable energy, and to Canada's new green entrepreneurial economy.
Work with the provinces and college and university leaders to assist every school, college and university in Canada to convert to 100% renewable energy by 2025.
Work with Canada's school and university leaders to create a requirement that starting in 2020, every student applying for college or university must have passed a high school course in Environment 101, including coverage of 100% renewable energy and other climate solutions
Work with Canada's provinces, mayors and councils to assist every community in Canada to develop plans to become a 100% renewable energy community.
Work with Canada's First Nations to encourage the shift to 100% renewable energy for all purposes on First Nations land.
Work with Canada's business leaders to move each sector of the economy towards a green, 100% renewable energy future.
Work with Canada's provinces, mayors and councils and First Nations leaders to ensure that local and regional climate adaptation and resilience plans are properly developed and funded. The Parliamentary Budget Officer has estimated the cost of climate-related weather disasters to the federal disaster fund at $900 million a year from 2016-2012, and at $4.2 billion a year for all Canadians. [12]
Score Action
1 1 of the ten initiatives
10 All ten initiatives
Cluster 2. Create targets, policies and regulations to achieve 100% renewable energy for electricity by 2030
This goes to the core of the problem, which is the planned replacement of fossil fuel energy with 100% renewable energy. The solutions in this cluster address the use of electricity, which produces 12% of Canada's GHG emissions. Heat is covered below under buildings and industry, fuel under transportation.
As recently as five years ago it was rare to hear people call for the transition to 100% renewables. Today, the call is being made by climate leaders worldwide, including leaders of the G-7. Even those who seek the expansion of fossil fuels acknowledge that in the long-term the transition is inevitable, changing the debate from "if" to "when."[13] Research based on getting to 100% by 2040 shows that 420 TWh of new renewable electricity will be needed each year. To get there by 2030, much more will be needed each year.[14]
For Canada's supply of electricity to come from 100% renewable sources, ten solutions are needed:
Work with the provinces to develop a legislated plan to phase out all coal and diesel-fired power plants by 2025, replacing them with renewable energy to generate electricity.
Work with the provinces to develop a legislated plan to phase out all gas-fired power plants by 2030.
Launch an initiative to lift the required efficiency of all lighting, appliances, fans and other equipment to a world-best standard, similar to Japan's Top-Runner program.[15]
Launch an initiative to provide appropriate incentives and tax-breaks and to encourage energy-saving behaviour and technologies in our homes, businesses, factories, farms and public institutions.
Work with the provinces to develop policies, incentives and regulations to support the rapid development of solar energy, to eliminate unnecessary barriers and costs, and to ensure that Canada's utilities continue to prosper while supporting the solar revolution.
Work with the provinces to develop policies, incentives and regulations to support the rapid development of Canada's wind and other renewable energy resources, and the grid development needed for east-west transmission.[16]
Do the same for geothermal power, which faces unique challenges due to its high initial set-up cost
Work with Canada's First Nations to assist all remote communities to move to 100% renewable energy.
Invest in R & D for power storage and demand-side management technologies, to balance the intermittency of wind, solar and other renewables.
Work with Canada's colleges and universities to ensure that electricians, plumbers, builders, architects and engineers receive the training needed for a 100% renewable energy future.
If successful, these policies will generate 127,000 direct and indirect jobs and 90,000 induced jobs. If the transition is successful, it will generate over a million new jobs during a planned 25-year transition (2015-2040), and 876,000 new permanent green jobs, compared to the 800,000 jobs in fossil fuels that will be lost. All jobs numbers come from the research paper Almost Twice As Many: Green Jobs in Canada in the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy, by Guy Dauncey (2015), assuming a goal of 100% by 2040.
Cluster 3. Create targets, policies and regulations to achieve a transition to sustainable transportation
Moving on. 23% of Canada's emissions come from transportation, which depends on diesel, gasoline, kerosene and bunker fuel. For long-distance trucking, shipping, aviation and industrial-scale transport devices the solutions have yet to be developed, but for the rest, an electric future is within sight. Therefore:
Adopt a legislated goal of achieving 100% renewable energy for most transportation purposes by 2040.
Work with the provinces and city mayors to invest in a greatly expanded cycling infrastructure, and to dramatically increase the share of cycling for urban trips, as towns and cities in Holland, Denmark and Sweden have already achieved, bringing many benefits to personal happiness and the quality of urban life.
Work with the provinces and rural communities and regional districts to build a world-class long-distance cycling network, similar to Quebec's 5,300 km Route Verte.
Work with the provinces and city mayors to invest in expanded electric transit and light-rail transit, and to substantially increase the share of transit for urban trips. An investment in electric buses is self-financing, since it pays for itself within the 12-years life of a transit bus.
Work with the provinces and Canada's railway companies to invest in the solar-electrification and dual-tracking of all of Canada's major railways by 2040.
Work with the provinces to integrate electric vehicle financial incentives into a pan-Canadian program, and to build a nationwide EV charging network including incentives such as free use of HOV lanes.
Work with the US, the province of Ontario and Canada's auto-industry to enact new vehicle emissions standards that would require all new cars and light trucks manufactured in or imported into Canada to have a fleet average of 0 gm CO2/km by 2030, resulting in a fleet that operates predominantly on 100% renewable energy by 2040. The current US/Canada standard calls for 101gm CO2/km by 2025.[17]
Work with Ontario, Quebec and the auto-industry to ensure Canadian manufacturing success in the rapidly growing market for electric vehicles, trucks, bikes and buses.
Form a partnership with other nations, industry experts and partners such as the Carbon War Room and invest in R & D to support progress and deployment toward 100% renewable energy for long-distance trucking, using electricity, sustainably harvested bioenergy, green hydrogen, green methanol, electric hyperloops or other means.
Do the same to support similar progress toward 100% renewable energy for long-distance shipping and flying.
If successful, these policies will protect Canada's auto-industry, and generate hundreds of thousands of jobs in transit, 14,000 jobs electrifying the railways, and 75,000 new jobs in cycle tourism as Canada's network of cross-country bike-routes grows
Cluster 4. Create targets, policies and regulations to achieve a transition to sustainable buildings
Buildings produce 12% of Canada's GHG emissions. The challenge is both to ensure that everyone has a home, and to heat all of Canada's buildings using renewable energy, even in the north. We don't have all the technical solutions yet for complex renewable energy retrofits, but there's a huge amount we can be getting on with:
Work with Canada's building professionals to produce an upgraded National Building Code requiring all new buildings to be nearly zero energy starting in 2021, similar to the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. In Brussels, Belgium, every new building is now being built to the Passive House standard, requiring 90% less heat energy, the 10% being supplied by heat recovery ventilators.[18]
Require all new federal buildings to meet the Passive House standard, starting immediately, and work with the provinces to require the same for all new provincial buildings.
Require all federal buildings to be retrofitted to meet the Passive House retrofit standard by 2030, starting with the PM's residence at 24 Sussex Drive, and work with the provinces to require the same for all provincially managed buildings.[19]
Work with the provinces and city mayors to establish a lasting national affordable housing strategy, and to provide the investment needed to eliminate homelessness and meet the right of all Canadians to secure, adequate, accessible, affordable, sustainable, zero-carbon housing.
Work with the provinces to require energy labeling and benchmarking for all buildings. An initiative to improve the efficiency of lighting and appliances is listed at #2.3 (electricity) above.
Establish incentives, tax credits and new financial tools and work with the provinces, city mayors and industry organizations such as the Toronto Atmosphere Fund to assist, accelerate and require (a) residential building energy retrofits, and (b) multi-unit residential building energy retrofits for apartments and condos.
Do the same for commercial building energy retrofits, using 100% renewable energy district heat where appropriate.[20]
Work with Canada's First Nations to retrofit all homes and buildings on reserves, and to train First Nations people to develop businesses and cooperatives providing renewable energy, and passive house building and retrofitting.
Work with the provinces and with Canada's colleges to ensure that people attending architectural, engineering, planning, building, electrical and plumbing courses acquire the skills needed to build and retrofit 100% renewable energy buildings.
Invest in R & D to support Canada's business, engineering and architecture leaders to develop technical and design solutions for the task of retrofitting high-rise and other buildings for 100% renewable energy, using district heat, bioenergy, biogas, ground-source heat, air-source heat, stored solar thermal energy, waste heat and other means, and to deploy the solutions.
If successful, these policies will generate 90,000 new direct and indirect permanent jobs.
Cluster 5. Put an annually increasing effective price on carbon
There is a growing consensus that it is essential to put a price on carbon, since carbon pollution imposes severe costs on our societies and our planet's ecosystems, the same way that smoking imposes costs to people's health and public healthcare and is taxed accordingly.
There is debate about the merits of different systems of carbon pricing, including (a) whether it should be done by means of a tax or fee, or by means a cap, with the auctioning of credits; (b) whether the resulting income should be redistributed to taxpayers as a tax-reduction or an annual dividend, or be re-invested in the transition;[21] and (c) about the price that's needed to be effective.[22]
Assuming agreement that a price on carbon is needed, the ability to make it effective is only limited by public and political acceptability, the negative aspect of which is linked to a perceived negative economic impact on Canada's economy. This, in turn, is linked to the absence of a clear and compelling vision and analysis of a future Canada that operates on 100% renewable energy, with the multiple benefits this will bring, and the absence of an informed understanding of the damage that Canada and the world will face if we fail to make the transition.
To tackle the true urgency of the crisis, a final price of north of $150 a tonne is needed, and it is this author's belief that as much of the revenue should be re-invested in the transition as is politically possible. Therefore:
Work with the provinces to determine whether to adopt a cap, a fee, or a combination of both, and to establish a unified pan-Canadian price on carbon. To be effective, it needs to start at $50 a tonne in 2018 and increase by $10 a year, reaching $170 a tonne by 2030, generating $20 billion to $30 billion a year. For the purposes of this paper, we assume that a fee will be applied, while not precluding the use of a cap. If there is a lower starting price, the annual increase needs to be more rapid.
As far as measurability will allow, include methane and the other greenhouse gases, with appropriate prices.
Put most of the income in Canada's Low-Carbon Economy Trust to finance the transition to 100% renewable energy, the rest being returned to people on lower incomes. Create an arms-length management structure to operate the Trust to free it from political footballing and other sensitivities.
Allow temporary tightly defined case-by-case exemptions for businesses that are vulnerable to imports from countries that have not imposed carbon pricing, or required the equivalent level of greenhouse gas reductions. If the price on carbon threatens the existence of a Canadian company due to expanded business by its non-carbon-priced competitor, no emissions reductions will be achieved, so bi-lateral GHG reduction agreements will need to be pursued.
1 $10/tonne, 100% R-N (revenue neutral), rising by $5 a year
2 $30/tonne, 100% R-N, rising by $5 a year
3 $50/tonne, 100% R-N, rising by $10 a year
4 $50/tonne, 50% R-N, 50% Solutions Fund, rising by $10 a year
9 $50/tonne, 100% Solutions Fund, rising by $10 a year
10 $50/tonne, 100% Solutions Fund, rising by $15 a year
Cluster 6. Build a green cooperative entrepreneurial economy for the 21st century
In addition to the transition to 100% renewable energy, we need to build a Canadian economy that does not depend on the financial stimulus from producing and selling fossil fuels. This cluster of policies combines a number of solutions relating to the development of a new green economy:
Issue additional Ministerial mandate letters anchoring climate protection into all government decisions to ensure that trade, export, infrastructure or land-use policies do not trump climate policies, and requiring ministers to apply a climate test to all energy-related decisions. See climatetest.org
Invest in targeted research and development in areas where the private sector is unwilling to take the risks. In her book The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths the economist Mariana Mazzucato shows the importance of government involvement and investment to build a green, entrepreneurial economy.[23]
Develop an initiative to support innovation, entrepreneurship and cooperatives in all communities, including schools, colleges, universities, First Nations and minorities.
Develop an initiative to encourage community-based economic development and the formation of local cooperative business networks, learning from the successful post-war experience of business development in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.[24]
Develop an initiative to encourage banks and businesses to become Benefit Corporations, embracing a legal change to their governing principles that commits their owners and directors to produce a social or environmental benefit as well as a financial benefit.[25]
Develop a Canada-wide initiative first to encourage and later to require green business certification, building on the model developed on Vancouver Island.[26]
Require annual carbon emissions reporting by every company above a certain size, and require every business seeking a grant, loan or export assistance from the federal government to show how it plans to reduce its emissions by 5% a year or more.
Enact legislation re-affirming the right of the Bank of Canada to create and lend interest-free and low-interest credit to federal and provincial governments for the purpose of investing in infrastructure developments for a 21st century green economy, as it did prior to 1974 to finance the construction of the Trans-Canada Highway, the St. Lawrence Seaway, and Canada's universities and hospitals.[27]
Work with the provinces to encourage the development of Provincial Banks, similar to the Bank of North Dakota, enabling them to invest in economic development using locally created credit.[28]
Use this new public lending ability to finance key components of the transition to 100% renewable energy, including R&D, building retrofits, railway solar-electrification, and cycling and transit investments.
Cluster 7. Create targets, policies and regulations to reduce fossil fuel industry emissions and leave most fossil fuels in the ground
The oil and gas sector produces 25% of Canada's GHG emissions, more than any other sector. The transition to a 100% renewable energy economy will reduce them to zero, but untangling Canada's economy from its historical engagement with fossil fuels, leaving most of the fossil fuel reserves in the ground, will be a huge undertaking. Therefore:
Work with Canada's banks and investors and with Canada's pension and similar funds to integrate climate risk and stress tests into all investments, and to support an orderly divestment from fossil fuels by 2030.[29]
Phase out all remaining fossil fuel incentives and subsidies by 2020. In 2014, the Pembina Institute estimated that subsidies and other direct federal supports in 2012 came to $1.3 billion.[30]
To balance the loss by 2040 of 550,000 direct and indirect jobs in the fossil fuel industry, work with the provinces to develop programs to help people retrain for new jobs, and to help affected communities such as Tumbler Ridge and Fort McMurray to envision, plan and build a new future.
Issue no new federal permits or approvals for pipelines or other facilities intended to facilitate the export of Canada's coal, oil and gas resources, and work with the provinces to issue no new permits for oil exploration, as France has done.[31]
Work with the provinces and Canada's coal industry to prepare for the phase-out of coal from Canada's economy by 2025, and to ensure the successful bioremediation of lands disturbed by coal-mining activities.
Work with the provinces and Canada's oil industry to prepare for the phase-out of oil from Canada's economy by 2030, and by 2040 at the latest, and to ensure the successful bioremediation of lands disturbed by oil sands and other operations.
Work with the provinces and Canada's natural gas industry to prepare for the phase-out of gas from Canada's economy by 2030, and by 2040 at the latest, and to ensure the successful bioremediation of lands disturbed by fracking and other activities.
Establish a preparatory legal framework to enable the possible federal purchase of bankrupt coal, oil and gas companies, with a view to an orderly wind-down.
Work with the foreign owners of coal, oil and gas companies to negotiate an orderly wind-down of their activities, and to minimize the risk of legal action under free trade treaties.
Work with the provinces and with Canada's coal, oil and gas industries to assist, accelerate and require the reduction of fugitive methane and nitrous oxide emissions.
Cluster 8. Create targets, policies and regulations to help Canada's emissions-intensive industries to reduce their emissions and shift to 100% renewable energy
Canada's emissions-intensive industries produce 11% of Canada's emissions, so a targeted regulatory environment needs to be created that will assist, accelerate and require their reduction, including nitrous oxide and fluorinated F gases, and their full participation in the transition to 100% renewable energy. Therefore:
Work with the provinces and with Canada's mining industry to assist, accelerate and require the reduction of GHG emissions.
Do the same for Canada's smelting and refining industry.
Do the same for Canada's pulp and paper industry.
Do the same for Canada's iron and steel industry.
Do the same for Canada's cement industry.
Do the same for Canada's lime and gypsum industry.
Do the same for Canada's chemicals industry.
Do the same for Canada's fertilizer industry.
Do the same for Canada's refrigeration, air conditioning, foam and aerosol industry.
Do the same for Canada's municipal, industrial and other landfills, and work with Canada's municipalities to accelerate progress towards achieving a zero-waste, circular economy by 2050.[32]
Cluster 9. Create targets, policies and regulations to help Canada's farmers, ranchers and foresters to reduce their emissions and sequestrate carbon
Agriculture produces 10% of Canada's GHG emissions, including CO2 from farm operations and soil depletion, methane from livestock and liquid manure, and nitrogen oxide emissions from the use of fertilizers. Canada's farms and ranches can also play a crucial role in absorbing surplus carbon from the atmosphere by the use of organic farming practices and management-intensive livestock practices, both of which build soil carbon.
The carbon emissions from Canada's forests and peat-lands are another important consideration. In 15 of the 24 years from 1990 to 2013 Canada's managed forests and forest products sector removed more carbon from the atmosphere than they emitted, for a total net sink of 3,600 Mt CO2e. During the same period, the carbon stored in harvested wood products sequestered a net total of 938 Mt CO2e.[33] Therefore:
Commission a report into the ability of Canada's farms, forests, ranchlands, peat-lands and ocean sea-grass beds to sequester excess carbon from the atmosphere, with recommended policies and incentives to reward increased carbon sequestration.
Commission a report into the full external cost of conventional farming, and then introduce a tax on pesticides and fertilizers, with most of the revenue being used to eliminate those costs by supporting farmers as they make the transition to certified organic status.[34]
Work with the provinces and with Canada's greenhouse industry to assist, accelerate and require the reduction of its GHG emissions, and to accelerate its transition to the use of 100% renewable energy.
Work with Canada's agricultural colleges and beef, pork and dairy farmers to accelerate programs to measure and reduce methane emissions from cattle, and to reward reductions.
Work with the provinces and Canada's farmers to do the same to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from the application of fertilizers, and to reward reductions.
Work with farmers and ranchers to educate them about the way different soil management methods and managed intensive rotational grazing practices sequester carbon from the atmosphere.[35]
Work with various partners to educate Canadians about the climate impact of a meat-based diet; work with Canada's restaurants and retail food industry to offer more low-meat options; and invite people to join the federal cabinet in making one day a week meat-free, as the City of Oslo is doing.[36]
Work with the provinces, forest professionals and forest companies to develop and require new standards, regulations and educational tools to protect the remaining old growth forests, to increase forest carbon sequestration, and to protect Canada's forests against increasing climate-induced wildfires and insect attack and help them adapt.
Work with Canada's provinces, developers, architects and building industry to encourage and require more use of carbon sequestering timber in buildings, in place of GHG-producing cement and steel.
Work with Canada's agricultural and forestry colleges and training programs to develop programs to ensure that students understand the impacts of climate change, the means of adaptation, and the methods that can reduce emissions and store more carbon in Canada's soils and forests.
Cluster 10. Work with other nations to accelerate global progress
Canada's efforts to tackle the climate crisis contribute to the larger global effort—and there are several ways in which Canada can show leadership globally. Therefore:
Plan Canada's future Intended National Determined Contributions, as per Paris, so that they ramp up every five years to reflect Canada's progress toward 100% renewable energy and zero GHG emissions.
Join and play an active role in the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). irena.org
Work in the High Ambition Coalition, which includes Canada, the United States, the European Union, and 79 African, Pacific and Caribbean countries, to push for stronger climate action targets and implementation.[37] [38]
Work with the High Ambition Coalition to ensure that emissions from international aviation and shipping are included in the next round of UN climate talks, and not left to the discretion of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization, which have been unable to reach agreement on how to deal with their emissions. Pressure the ICAO to accelerate the adoption of a CO2 standard for new aircraft, a CO2 standard for all operating aircraft, and the adoption of a market based mechanism.[39]
Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for more than 10% of global emissions. Work with the High Ambition Coalition to strengthen the REDD mechanisms (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), to ensure that the critically important store of carbon in the world's forests is protected.
Work with the High Ambition Coalition and other supportive nations to negotiate a series of Climate Solutions Treaties, independent of the Paris Climate Agreement, to accelerate the spread of tangible climate solutions such as geothermal energy, carbon pricing, Passive House design, electric vehicles and farmland carbon sequestration.
Work with the USA and Mexico to strengthen the 2016 North American clean energy and climate accord, to press for greater cooperation and ambition, and to end public financing by Export Development Canada and similar bodies for coal, oil and gas developments overseas.
Work with nations that are party to Canada's existing and future Free Trade Agreements to renegotiate any clauses that state or imply that free trade has priority over climate action, and to include language that guarantees climate action measures protection against legal challenge from companies seeking damages for losses.
Work with supportive nations to develop the foundations for similar Fair Trade Agreements, with a view to replacing all Free Trade Agreements.[40]
Increase Canada's November 2015 commitment to the $100 billion Green Climate Fund from $2.65 billion to $4 billion to help developing nations with the cost of coping with the climate crisis and to support the renewable energy transition.[41] Canada produces 1.25% of global GHG emissions and 2.25% of the global GDP, but we are a prosperous nation, and we need to pull our weight.
A Climate Solutions Budget to achieve these goals is suggested in Appendix 1, showing an annual expenditure of $22.5 billion, set against carbon tax income averaging $22.6 billion a year.
By retaining 80% of the income from the carbon tax for use in the Low Carbon Economy Trust, the $22.6 billion withdrawn from consumer spending would be put straight put back into the economy, generating jobs and maintaining consumer spending.
Over the period of the transition to renewable energy, the plan would generate almost twice as many jobs as would be lost, enabling Canada's economy to come through the transition in good shape. Every major transition has its challenges, just as the transition from horses to automobiles did in the period 1890 to 1920. The end-point of the transition, however, will be a far more ecologically and financially stable and resilient economy. Failure to make the transition, on the other hand, will bring ecological and financial devastation.
Further finance for the transition can be created by using interest-free and low-interest loans created by the Bank of Canada and Public Banks in each province, as described above.
T is for Truth, is it easy to tell it
when comfort and lies intervene?
When solid reality speaks of a tragedy
waiting its millions to claim?
The truth is we're cooking the planet in carbon,
we're loading the oceans with grief,
we're melting the icecaps and burning the forests,
burdening Earth past belief, but…
The truth it is also that visions impossible
now stand ready to chime,
that people are ready and change is inevitable.
Everything changes in time.
From A Modern Alphabet, by Guy Dauncey (2015)[42]
Guy Dauncey is a futurist who works to develop a positive vision of a sustainable future, and to translate the vision into action. He is founder and past-President of the BC Sustainable Energy Association, and the author or co-author of ten books, including the award-winning Stormy Weather: 101 Solutions to Global Climate Change (2000), The Climate Challenge: 101 Solutions to Global Warming (2009) and the recently published Journey to the Future: A Better World Is Possible, an ecotopian novel set in the year 2032, which describes Climate Plan C in action.
He is the author of these recent research papers:
The 2040 Climate Imperative: Zero Emissions by 2040. BCSEA, 2015. bcsea.org/2040-imperative
Could BC Become a 100% Renewable Energy Region? A Four-Part Series. BCSEA, 2015. bcsea.org/news/could-bc-become-100-renewable-energy-region-part-1-of-4-part-series
Almost Twice As Many: Green Jobs in Canada in the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy, by Guy Dauncey. The Practical Utopian, September 2015. https://guydauncey.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/almost-twice-as-many.pdf
He is an Honorary Member of the Planning Institute of BC, a Fellow of the Royal Society for the Arts, and a Fellow of the Findhorn Foundation in Scotland. His websites are www.earthfuture.com and www.journeytothefuture.ca and www.thepracticalutopian.ca
Appendix 1: A Climate Solutions Budget
A carbon tax starting at $50 a tonne on 500 million tonnes of CO2. 80% of the income to finance the transition to 100% renewable energy, 20% returned to low-income Canadians. Income averaged over three years. For income from future years, see below.
For building retrofits, tax credits and incentives pay for themselves through GST spent on building products. Low-interest loans self-financing through savings. The government could create the credit needed to advance low interest loans by forming a Canada Infrastructure Bank, or using the Bank of Canada for this purpose.
The shift to renewable electricity would be self-financed through tendering for wind, solar and geothermal power, supported by solar feed-in tariffs until the price of solar PV falls sufficiently that it no longer needs support.
Based on the Ontario Metrolinx Go Rail electrification numbers, railway electrification would cost $7 billion a year, split between the railway companies and the government. Canada's railways hauled 289 million tonnes of freight in 2010.[43] Several studies have outlined the benefits of electrification:
· 50% reduction in rolling stock operating costs.
· 15% reduction in infrastructure operating costs such as track maintenance due to lightweight trains.
· 3% increase in rolling stock availability.
· 22% reduction in vehicle leasing costs.[44]
The investment in safe, separated bike lanes would be shared with local communities, with a $1 billion federal contribution. If the cycling rate in towns and cities reaches 25% there would be $43 billion annual savings in healthcare costs due to increased fitness. This compares to BC's current BikeBC commitment of $11 million a year and Ontario's $8 million a year. Vélo Québec has estimated that cyclists on the Route Verte spend $95.4 million annually, generating revenues of $15.1 million for the government of Québec.[45]
The investment in transit, at 50% of the level proposed for the 2015 MetroVancouver Mayors' Plan, would cost $12 billion a year.
The electric vehicles incentives program, targeting 100,000 vehicles a year with a $5,000 incentive, would cost $500 million a year.
The transition to organic farming would be self-financed through the new tax on chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
First Nations funding for zero-carbon housing and training
Climate science, education and community engagement
Canada's Contribution to the Global Climate Fund
Program administration (spread between initiatives)
Appendix 2: Carbon Tax Income, 2016-2026
Tonnes of CO2
million Revenue
$ billion 80% of revenue
$ billion
Appendix 3: Green Budget Coalition 2016 Budget Recommendations
Energy Efficiency: Implement a series of initiatives to greatly improve energy efficiency in Canadian homes and businesses. For 2016-17: $30 million.
Renewable Energy: Accelerate the uptake of renewable energy technologies and diversify the energy economy by supporting solar, wind, tidal, biomass, micro-hydro, geothermal, clean technologies and electric cars. For 2016-17: $10 million.
National Carbon Pricing: Coordinate a national carbon-pricing standard to support the provinces and territories in reaching a harmonized carbon price across Canada of at least $50 per tonne of CO2 by 2020. For 2016-17: $2 million.
Energy Subsidy Reform: Begin the phase-out of subsidies to the fossil fuel industry. For 2016-17: $1 million in administration. Estimated savings: $4.694 billion per year in subsidies no longer paid.
Public Transit: Implement new public transit spending. For 2016-17: $2 billion.
Conserving Oceans: Fulfill the government's commitments to reach Canada's international marine protection targets, and ensure ocean health by investing in ocean planning to manage development, restore ocean science and monitoring capacity, and transform fisheries management. For 2016-17: $105.5 million.
Green Infrastructure For First Nations Communities: Green infrastructure planning should be integrated into all investments in infrastructure on First Nations land. For 2016-17: $514 million.
Green Budget Coalition: http://greenbudget.ca/recommendations
[1] My thanks and appreciation to Patricia Warwick (co-founder of Zero-Carbon Ontario), Mitchell Beer (President of Smarter Shift, Climate Reality Project leader), Mark Jaccard (Professor of sustainable energy at Simon Fraser University), and Audrey Dépault (National Manager, The Climate Reality Project Canada) for their valuable feedback on this paper.
[2] "A 2C rise in global temperatures could have consequences including the migration of 20% of the world's population from cities flooded by sea level rise, such as New York, London and Cairo, according to a study published this month." The Guardian, Feb 15, 2016. www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/15/europe-climate-change-goals-need-profound-lifestyle-changes-european-commission
[3] Global climate in context as the world approaches 1°C above pre-industrial for the first time. UK Met Office. www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/news/2015/global-average-temperature-2015
[4] Era of climate science denial is not over, study finds. The Guardian, Jan 6, 2016. www.theguardian.com/environment/planet-oz/2016/jan/07/era-of-climate-science-denial-is-not-over-study-finds
[5] The Climate Imperative: Zero Emissions by 2040. Guy Dauncey, BCSEA 2015, www.bcsea.org/2040-imperative
See also The global Carbon Budget after the Paris Agreement. LINGO, Feb 2016, which puts the global carbon budget at 473 Gt of CO2. http://leave-it-in-the-ground.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Post-Paris-Carbon-Budget-LINGO.pdf
[6] Differences between carbon budget estimates unraveled. Nature Climate Change 6, 245–252 (2016). www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v6/n3/full/nclimate2868.html
[7] Six years worth of current emissions would blow the carbon budget for 1.5 degrees. Carbon Brief, Nov 14, 2014. www.carbonbrief.org/six-years-worth-of-current-emissions-would-blow-the-carbon-budget-for-1-5-degrees
[8] Want an effective climate policy? Heed the evidence. Mark Jaccard, Policy Options, Feb 2, 1016. http://policyoptions.irpp.org/issues/want-an-effective-climatepolicy-heed-the-evidence
[9] A future scenario set in the year 2032 in which Plan C happens, including carbon rationing, is laid out in Journey to the Future: A Better World is Possible, by Guy Dauncey (2015). www.journeytothefuture.ca
[10] A look back at the Canadian ration coupon books of WW2. Chronically Vintage, June 10, 2011. http://www.chronicallyvintage.com/2011/06/look-back-at-canadian-ration-coupon.html
[11] Canadian Perspectives on climate change, energy and policy priorities for climate action and the Paris Climate Negotiations: Survey Results. CANET, Nov 23, 2015. http://climateactionnetwork.ca/2015/11/23/canadian-perspectives-on-climate-change-energy-and-policy-priorities-for-climate-action-and-the-paris-climate-negotiations-survey-results/
[12] Canadian disaster relief to cost $900M a year over next 5 years, new PBO report says. CBC, Feb 26, 2016. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/canada-extreme-weather-costs-pbo-report-1.3465264
Estimate of the Average Annual Cost for Disaster Financial Assistance Arrangements due to Weather Events. Parliamentary Budget Officer, February 2016. www.pbo-dpb.gc.ca/web/default/files/Documents/Reports/2016/DFAA/DFAA_EN.pdf . The PBO estimates the cost to all Canadians at $4.2 billion per year.
[13] The Solutions Project: http://thesolutionsproject.org
Denmark's commitment to 100% renewable energy. Greenpeace briefing, October 2014.
www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/briefings/climate/2014/BRIEFING-Denmarks-commitment-to-100pct-renewable-energy.pdf
It's time to transition to 100% clean energy: the wind is now at our backs. The Guardian, Dec 20, 2015/ www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/dec/20/time-for-clean-energy-sustainability-mark-ruffalo
Net Savings of $71 Trillion by 2050 with Transition to Renewable Energy. Clean Technica, May 5,2014. http://cleantechnica.com/2014/09/05/net-savings-71-trillion-2050-transition-renewable-energy/
[14] Almost Twice As Many: Green Jobs in Canada in the Transition to 100% Renewable Energy, by Guy Dauncey. The Practical Utopian, September 2015. https://guydauncey.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/almost-twice-as-many.pdf
[15] Japan's Top Runner Program: www.eceee.org/events/eceee_events/product_efficiency_08/programme_presentations/Kodaka_TopRunnerProgram.pdf and www.climatepolicy.jp/thesis/pdf/09035dp.pdf
[16] The Benefits and Costs of Increased Electricity Trade Between Quebec and Ontario. Clean Air Alliance. www.cleanairalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/QBbackgrounderpage-feb17.pdf
[17] EPA Fuel Economy Standards: http://www3.epa.gov/otaq/climate/documents/420f12051.pdf
[18] Passive House Legislation in Europe: http://www.passivehouse-international.org/index.php?page_id=176
Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament on the Energy Performance of Buildings: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0031&from=EN
[19] Passive House Retrofit Standard (Ireland): www.seai.ie/Publications/Your_Building_Publications_/Passive_House/Passive_House_Retrofit_Guidelines.pdf
[20] Architecture 2030 has developed detailed plans to get all buildings, both new and retrofits, to zero GHGs by 2050. http://architecture2030.org/paris-to-world-an-end-to-the-fossil-fuel-era/
[21] A proposal to save the middle class … by cutting carbon pollution. David Roberts, Grist, Nov 10, 2014. http://grist.org/climate-energy/a-proposal-to-save-the-middle-class-by-cutting-carbon-pollution/
[22] What is a carbon tax or carbon fee? David Suzuki Foundation. www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/climate-change/science/climate-solutions/carbon-tax-or-cap-and-trade
Carbon Tax Center: www.carbontax.org
[23] Mariana Mazzucato: http://marianamazzucato.com/the-entrepreneurial-state/
[25] Benefit Corporations: www.bcorporation.net
[26] Vancouver Island Green Business Certification: http://www.vigbc.ca
[27] Rocco Galati challenges Bank of Canada to offer interest-free loans. CBC, May 8, 2015. www.cbc.ca/news/business/rocco-galati-challenges-bank-of-canada-to-offer-interest-free-loans-1.3065650 The legal challenge has been dismissed, but the policy argument is as strong as ever, needing a new champion.
[28] This Publicly-Owned Bank Is Outperforming Wall Street. Common Dreams, Nov 19, 2014. www.commondreams.org/views/2014/11/19/publicly-owned-bank-outperforming-wall-street
[29] Financial Risk and the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy. 2 Degrees Investment Initiative, July 2015. http://2degrees-investing.org/IMG/pdf/2dii_risk_transition_low-carbon_workingpaper_jul2015.pdf
Carbon Asset Risk. CERES. www.ceres.org/issues/carbon-asset-risk
Climate change stress tests in financial sector could help avoid financial crisis. Institute for Public Policy Research, Dec 1, 2015. www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-releases/climate-change-stress-tests-in-financial-sector-could-help-avoid-financial-crisis
[30] Fossil Fuel Subsidies: An analysis of federal financial support to Canada's oil sector. Pembina Institute, July 2014. www.pembina.org/reports/fossil-fuel-subsidies.pdf
[31] France says 'no' to all new oil exploration permits. Inhabitat, Jan 14, 2016. http://inhabitat.com/france-says-no-to-all-new-oil-exploration-permits/
[32] National Zero Waste Council Circular Economy Working Group: www.nzwc.ca/circular-economy/Pages/default.aspx
Moving Towards a Circular Economy. McKinsey & Company. www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability-and-resource-productivity/our-insights/moving-toward-a-circular-economy
[33] Carbon emissions and removals. NRCan: www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/report/disturbance/16552
[34] With Climate Change, Organic Agriculture Could Outperform Conventional Agriculture. Climate Progress, Feb 11, 2016. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2016/02/11/3748642/organic-agriculture-climate-change-study/
[35] Grazing Prior style. Canadian Cattlemen, April 22, 2014. www.canadiancattlemen.ca/2014/04/22/grazing-prior-style/
[36] Meat-Free Mondays: http://www.meatfreemondays.com Meat-free days: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat-free_days
[37] Climate coalition breaks cover in Paris to push for binding and ambitious deal. The Guardian, Dec 8, 2015. www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/08/coalition-paris-push-for-binding-ambitious-climate-change-deal
[38] Phoenix from the Ashes: An analysis of the Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change. Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy. January 2016. http://wupperinst.org/en/info/details/wi/a/s/ad/3362/
[39] Developing Canada's Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Aviation. Transport Canada, June 2012. www.icao.int/Meetings/Green/Documents/DAY3/State%20Action%20Plan/7-Rogers.pdf
ICAO under pressure to forge deal on aviation emissions. EurActiv, July 2014. www.euractiv.com/section/transport/news/icao-under-pressure-to-forge-deal-on-aviation-emissions
[40] Canada's Free Trade Agreements: www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/fta-ale.aspx?lang=eng
[41] A Primer on Trudeau's $2.65 Billion Green Climate Fund Announcement. DeSmogCanada, Nov 27, 2015. www.desmog.ca/2015/11/27/primer-trudeau-s-2-65-billion-green-climate-fund-announcement
[42] From A Modern Alphabet, by Guy Dauncey. https://thepracticalutopian.ca/2015/09/29/a-modern-alphabet/
[43] With CO2 priced at an average $100 over 10 years, the carbon tax would add $268 to each 1,000 litres of fuel. In 2009, Canada's railways used 1.87 billion litres of diesel, costing $500 million a year. With full electrification, fuel costs will fall from $2.8 billion a year (diesel at $1.25/litre + carbon tax at $100 /tonne) to $400 million for electricity, saving $2.8 billion a year. See 2010 Rail Trends, page 22. www.railcan.ca/assets/images/trends/2010_12_29_RAC_Trends_2010_en.pdf
[44] Toward a clean train policy: diesel versus electric. West Toronto Chapter, Professional Engineers Ontario. www.academia.edu/5399500/Toward_a_clean_train_policy_diesel_versus_electric
[45] Quebec Cuts Funding to Route Verte – Outcry from Cycling Community and Municipalities. Pedal Magazine, Nov 11, 2014. https://pedalmag.com/quebec-cuts-funding-to-route-verte-outcry-from-cycling-community-and-municipalities
Dad, I'm scared and angry. Your generation created this problem.
What are you going to do to fix it?
– Mary Doerr, 15-year old daughter of John Doerr, in 2007
© Earthfuture Publications
Guy Dauncey,
13561 Barney Road, Ladysmith, BC V9G 1E9
guydauncey@earthfuture.com
http://www.earthfuture.com
← When Santa Lost His Reindeer	Canada's Housing Crisis: Twenty-Two Solutions →


text:
.quill-mention {
  position: relative
}

.quill-mention-node {
  padding: 0 2px;
  background: 0 0;
  border: 0;
  color: #3C99D8
}

.quill-mention-panel {
  position: absolute;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #ededed;
  box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);
  display: none;
  z-index: 99;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 2px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 4px hsla(0, 0%, 39%, .2);
  line-height: 26px;
  overflow: hidden;
  overflow-y: auto;
  max-height: 250px;
  min-width: 100px;
}

.quill-mention-panel ul {
  padding: 0px;
  margin: 0px;
}

.quill-mention-panel-visible {
  display: block
}

.quill-mention-panel-item {
  display: block;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 6px 20px 6px 10px;
  font-size: 14px;
  cursor: pointer;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  max-width: 300px;
  box-sizing: content-box;
}

.quill-mention-panel-item:first-child {
  border-top: 0 none
}
.quill-mention-panel-item.quill-mention-panel-item-tips{
  text-align: center;
  height: 26px;
  line-height: 26px;
}
.quill-mention-panel-item-current,
.quill-mention-panel-item:hover {
  background-color: #dbeefe;
}

.quill-mention-placeholder {
  position: absolute;
  top: 8px;
  left: 10px;
  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .4)
}

input[type=button].quill-mention-node {
  -webkit-appearance: button;
  cursor: pointer;
  outline: none;
}

.loading-spinner {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 4px;
}

.loading-spinner .circular {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  animation: loading-rotate 2s linear infinite
}

.loading-spinner .path {
  animation: loading-dash 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;
  stroke-dasharray: 90, 150;
  stroke-dashoffset: 0;
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke: #20a0ff;
  stroke-linecap: round
}

.loading-fade-enter,
.loading-fade-leave-active {
  opacity: 0
}

@keyframes loading-rotate {
  to {
    transform: rotate(1turn)
  }
}

@keyframes loading-dash {
  0% {
    stroke-dasharray: 1, 200;
    stroke-dashoffset: 0
  }
  50% {
    stroke-dasharray: 90, 150;
    stroke-dashoffset: -40px
  }
  to {
    stroke-dasharray: 90, 150;
    stroke-dashoffset: -120px
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our Travel Editor's Recommended Drives, your home is Your access to this site has been limited of the most important investments you'll ever Your access to this site has been limited. Rocky Mountain Cartridges, the editors at Yahoo Your access to this site has been limited are committed to finding you the best products at the best prices. Low Doc Loan Types, dicks Your access to this site has been limited Goods and AR Your access to this site has been limited guns. If you get licensed later in the year, lutz 33558. 646 0 0 1, selected details. Where you pay for one-way if Your access to this site has been limited are travelling one side, find a Lender with Flexible Credit Requirements. 19% Oriental Car Insurance has Your access to this site has been limited Net Earned Premium of Rs, read about taking your horse to an EU destination.
Generated by Wordfence at Wed, 31 May 2017 19:18:32 GMT.


Career Highlights Fr: Finished 7-3 on the mound with a 2.66 ERA, striking out 95 batters in 88.0 innings. He was named First Team All-NWC.
HS: Named First Team All-League and All-Area after leading HHS to a regional title as a senior.


Cairns Physiotherapy Plus is located within The Doctors Mulgrave Road Medical Centre – this enables patient's to access all their health care needs 'under the one roof'. Together with Physiotherapy services we offer onsite General Practice, Audiology, Podiatry, Psychology and Dietary services, and there is a Chemist, X-Ray, Pathology and Dental too.
This large purpose built centre has a great gym set up, with two modern Physiotherapy treatment rooms, all fully equipped with everything you need. Cairns Physiotherapy Plus is dedicated to providing support for all ages and conditions, with an aim to return patients to optimum health following treatment. Services offered – Rehabilitation Gym, Pilates, Balance and Stretching, Musculoskeletal Screening, Aqua Physiotherapy, ACL, Injury Prevention, Acupuncture and access to referrals from Doctors relating to Work cover and Pre-Employment Medicals.
Conveniently open 6 days per week, operating hours are 8am to 5pm Monday to Friday and 8am to 1pm Saturdays.


Sun brings Monsoon Cheer, Year after Year!
For over 135 years, Sun umbrellas have been popping up cheerfully during the monsoon, offering great value for customers. Since 1880, the makers of the Sun brand of umbrellas have set a tradition of trust and quality amongst Indian umbrella manufacturers. Today, the merry smiling face of the Sun logo, with the distinctive multicolored umbrella on top, is a recognized icon in the Indian market.
Sun umbrellas have a number of superior features that distinguish them from all other umbrellas. From the precision molded handles, easy-to-snap-open-or-shut frames to the variety of waterproof fabrics, UV protected fabric; every component of a Sun umbrella is selected with uncompromising commitment to the finest quality. This passion for quality ensures that each umbrella that you buy is durable for many seasons.
Using best practices at our modern facility in Mysore, we have optimized our production process with a judicious mix of hand craftsmanship and automation. This ensures the highest level of quality and meticulous attention to detail so that every umbrella that finds its way to your home is made to perfection. We would like you to be proud of your Sun umbrella, and in this mission, we make no compromise!
In addition to being a quality umbrella manufacturer, we also believe in being close to our customers. In Mumbai city, the Sun brand is a dynamic market leader seen in every active hot spot. Our network of retailers is spread across three Southern Indian states – Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and in few Northern Indian States as well. From over, 10 years we have been present in Modern Retail Chain across India. Export is another strong arm for us.
Sun has partnered advertising campaigns by providing customized Corporate Promotional Umbrellas to companies like Bosch, Ernst & Young, Coorg Wild Life Society, ICICI, Etas, Swiggy, Wirtgen, Tata and many more. Besides sun and rain umbrellas, our range of monsoon gear also includes fantastic range of Outdoor Umbrellas and Fashion Umbrellas.
Welcome to the world of Sun Brand Umbrellas!


Do you have a blog and have reviewed Brentwood Cable Specials? Add Your Review to iBegin.
Shopping for service doesn't have to be frightening. Call today to compare the best digital service from the best local companies.


This book is the first to engage with the full range of American travel writing about nineteenth-century Ottoman Palestine, and the first to acknowledge the influence of the late-eighteenth-century Barbary captivity narrative on nineteenth-century travel writing about the Middle East. Brian Yothers argues that American travel writing about the Holy Land forms a coherent, if greatly varied, tradition, which can only be fully understood when works by major writers such as Twain and Melville are studied alongside missionary accounts, captivity narratives, chronicles of religious pilgrimages, and travel writing in the genteel tradition. Yothers also examines works by lesser-known authors such as Bayard Taylor, John Lloyd Stephens, and Clorinda Minor, demonstrating that American travel writing is marked by a profound intertextuality with the Hebrew and Christian scriptures and with British and continental travel narratives about the Holy Land. His concluding chapter on Melville's Clarel shows how Melville's poem provides an incisive critique of the nascent imperial discourse discernible in the American texts with which it is in dialogue.


text:
'Representation matters'
Third-year medical student Jessica Williams advocates for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing community
July 26, 2019 — From the first time Jessica Williams was asked what she wanted to be when she grew up, she had an answer ready. Combining her loves of science and interpersonal communication, medicine was always Williams' goal. Today, as a third-year UF medical student, she builds her medical knowledge base while pursuing her passion for increasing awareness and representation for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing community.
After being deafened by pneumococcal meningitis at 19 months, Williams began using a cochlear implant, an electronic device that assists in understanding speech. She's spent much of the last decade volunteering with those with disabilities, like children at St. Louis' Central Institute for the Deaf. Having experienced both sides of the patient-provider relationship, she's recognized a need for greater representation among the Deaf or hard-of-hearing community in health care.
Jessica Williams poses in front of the George T. Harrell, M.D., Medical Education Building
"Representation in medicine matters," she says. "For patients, having a Deaf or hard-of-hearing health care provider means having an automatic cultural and language connection, which puts patients at ease and ensures that communication is optimal. For Deaf or hard-of-hearing professionals or aspiring students, it's important we are considered as able to care for patients as any other hearing person. We work just as hard as anyone else, if not harder due to our hearing differences and having to find accommodations that work for us, and in the end, can do what any hearing person can do."
Williams works toward her goals of becoming both a physician and advocate for the Deaf and hard-of-hearing community with help from the Dean's Preeminence Scholarship she received from Mark Michels, M.D. '85, president of the UF College of Medical Alumni Board of Directors.
"When the going gets tough and I am overwhelmed by the sheer volume of material or upcoming block exams, it's always an encouraging reminder to know that the Gator doctors before me believe in my potential," Williams says.
From her colleagues wearing clear masks in the operating room so she can read the lips of those she's working with to lecture video captioning to a modified stethoscope, Williams has found the UF College of Medicine to be a welcome and accommodating environment.
"Conversation isn't something people think about if they haven't been around someone with hearing loss, but after a simple introduction and some self-advocacy on my part, it soon becomes second nature," she says. "Not everyone with hearing loss or another disability is comfortable with self-advocacy, so it's important for everyone to be naturally mindful of others' needs and be a welcoming presence that gives those with hidden disabilities the comfort to disclose."
From left to right: Roger pen microphone that sends audio to Williams' cochlear implant, digital stethoscopes that connect to cochlear implant, surgical masks that enable communication by lip-reading
Williams says she's keeping her options open in terms of specialties to pursue after graduating, but her clinical rotation in pediatric neurology sparked deep interest.
"After just one week in pediatric neurology at UF Health, I felt at home," she says. "It had everything about medicine that I loved and needed: the adorable pediatrics population, the triadic interview style where the parents play a big role in the patient's storytelling and the fascinating, problem-solving nature of neurology."
No matter what specialty Williams matches in, she's sure of the impact she wants to have through her patient care and advocacy. As a member of the Association for Medical Professionals with Hearing Loss and through partnering with her mentor Michael McKee, M.D. '01, Williams is working on various projects to increase awareness and representation of the Deaf and hard-of-hearing population.
"It's important to be aware of a patient or a medical professional's hearing loss, but much more important to not think of it as a hindrance to care. I have heard the phrase, 'The only thing we cannot do is hear,' but even that is not entirely true with the amazing advances of hearing technology. But even if it is true for a particular physician or patient, then so what?" she says. "We've come a long way in changing the hearing world's perceptions of us, but there is still a long way to go."
Williams, fourth from the left, poses at the White Coat Ceremony surrounded by loved ones
Giving, Scholarships, Students
class of 2020, Jessica Williams, Mark Michels, scholarship
A Heartwarming Position to Be In
Retired pediatrician Mary Beth Seay, M.D. '68, reflects on her education and 40-year career

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Just as how a website alllows you to return the main homepage, the new Player interface on web now brings you back to the Project main page with a quick access button. This will allow you back to where you first started no matter how far your have navigated or which page you are on.
Simply click on and select Back to [Project Name].
Note that you will only only see this option when you are on pages other than the Project homepage.
This will bring you back to where you first started!


Everyone, at some point in life, has dreamed of being somebody special, somebody big. Who hasn't fantasized about being the one who hits the game-winning homer? Who hasn't dreamed of being the homecoming queen? And how many times have we dreamed of being rich, or successful, or happy with our relationships?
Often, we dream big dreams and have great aspirations. Unfortunately, our dreams remain just dreams. And our aspirations easily collect dust in our attic.
Things I know I can do.
Things I might be able to do.
Things that are impossible for me to do.
Now look at your list and strive every day to accomplish the goals that are under the "Things I know I can do" heading. Check them off when you accomplish them.
You see, the technique here is not to limit your imagination. It is to aim high and start working towards that goal little by little. However, it is unwise to set a goal that is truly unrealistic.
Thomas Edison once said that genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Nothing could be truer. To accomplish your dreams you have to put in hard work and discipline. But take note that that 1% has to be a think-big dream and not some easily accomplished one.


Basement membranes (BMs) are cell-associated extracellular matrices that support tissue integrity, signaling, and barrier properties. Type IV collagen is critical for BM mechanical and signaling functions, yet how it is directed into BMs in vivo is unclear. Through live-cell imaging of endogenous localization, conditional knockdown, and misexpression experiments, we uncovered distinct mechanisms of integrin-mediated collagen recruitment to Caenorhabditis elegans gonadal and pharyngeal BMs. The putative laminin-binding αINA-1/βPAT-3 integrin was selectively activated in the gonad and recruited laminin, which directed moderate collagen incorporation. In contrast, the putative Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding αPAT-2/βPAT-3 integrin was activated in the pharynx and recruited high levels of collagen independent of laminin. Through an RNAi screen, we further identified the small GTPase RAP-3 (Rap1) as a pharyngeal-specific PAT-2/PAT-3 activator that modulates collagen levels. Together, these studies demonstrate that tissues can use distinct mechanisms to direct collagen incorporation into BMs to precisely control collagen levels and construct diverse BMs.


text:
Falcons writers discuss Dimitroff and Quinn's biggest achievements together in Atlanta
Atlanta Falcons Staff
AP photo/Bob Leverone
FLOWERY BRANCH, Ga. – The Falcons announced the signing of general manager Thomas Dimitroff and head coach Dan Quinn to three-year contract extensions on Wednesday, keeping the co-team builders tied together through the 2022 season. Following the announcement, Falcons writers Matt Tabeek, Kelsey Conway and Will McFadden shared their thoughts on some of the achievements Dimitroff and Quinn have had during their time in Atlanta.
Dimitroff and Quinn sign three-year extensions
See how the brotherhood was constructed
WATCH: Quinn and Dimitroff partnership continues
AP Photo/Jason DeCrow
What has been Dimitroff's best draft pick as the Falcons' GM?
Tabeek: The Matt Ryan pick in 2008 clearly changed the course of this franchise and is the most important one he's made as GM. But I think the one pick that Dimitroff will always be remembered for is pulling the trigger on a five-for-one mega-deal in 2011 – when he moved up 21 spots (trading two first-round picks, a second and two fourths across two drafts) to take receiver Julio Jones sixth overall in the 2011 draft. Yes, Julio Jones has proved more than worthy of the move and is arguably the best receiver in the game right now but … wow, what a move.
Conway: Matt Ryan. Easily.
McFadden: Matt Ryan and Julio Jones are the obvious choices, but I'm going to go out on a limb here quite a bit and say Deion Jones. Why? At the time of the selection, many draft pundits did not view Jones as the high-caliber, impact player he's become. Dimitroff and Quinn knew who they wanted in the middle of their defense and Jones has become a Pro Bowler and the poster child for the new breed of middle linebackers. Only time will tell, but Jones is off to a strong start.
AP Photo/Ric Tapia
What is the most impressive win Quinn has had as Falcons head coach?
Tabeek: It would be easy to pick any one of Dan Quinn's three postseason wins but I'm going with the 33-32 win over Green Bay in Week 8 of the 2016 season here. After starting of the season with a 4-1 mark, the Falcons suffered back-to-back gut-wrenching losses to the Seahawks and Chargers by a combined five points to fall to 4-3. The next week the Falcons found themselves in yet another dogfight, this time trailing by six points late in the fourth quarter in a back-and-forth game against Aaron Rodgers and Co. at the Georgia Dome. Matt Ryan tossed a perfectly placed pass to Mohamed Sanu – over the outstretched arms of Packers defender Jake Ryan – in the back of the end zone with 31 seconds left in the game to tie it at 32-all. While Matt Bryant's extra point gave the Falcons a 33-32 lead, there was still plenty of time for Rodgers to get the Packers into field goal range. After giving up a short completion on first down, the Falcons' defense forced Rodgers into throwing three straight incompletions and sealed the win. Impressive.
Conway: NFC Championship game against the Green Bay Packers in 2017 (pictured above). It seemed like almost everyone outside of the Falcons' facility was favoring the Packers to come into the Georgia Dome and defeat the Falcons, but Dan Quinn's team was ready from the get-go and didn't let up at any point. The Falcons took care of their business and protected their home turf, exactly what Quinn expects.
McFadden: Outside of those mentioned above, there are a couple of honorable mentions I have here: Breaking up the Panthers' 16-0 bid in 2015, the 2016 Monday-night win against the Saints in New Orleans and the road win against the Broncos that same year. My real pick comes several weeks later, however - the home win against Seattle in the 2016 playoffs. Atlanta hasn't historically always played to its abilities in the postseason, but Quinn had this team ready to go from opening kickoff. The Falcons never blinked in that game, and it was a strong statement at how well Quinn prepared the team for the playoffs.
AP Photo/Paul Abell
What was Dimitroff's most impactful free agent signing for the Falcons?
Tabeek: Michael Turner and Alex Mack would probably be 1-2 on most lists here – and I'd have no problem at all with that. But I think you have to give very strong consideration to a guy who is about to end up being the best that's ever played at his position for the Falcons – and that's kicker Matt Bryant. There's a reason why Matt Bryant's nickname is "Money." In nine seasons with the Falcons, Bryant has made 339 of 340 extra point attempts (that's 99.7 percent) and 230 of 261 field goal attempts (88.1 percent) with a long of 59 yards. Now keep in mind that's all coming after playing eight seasons in the league for four other teams. And even now, at 43 years old, Bryant is considered one of the elite kickers in the game, the Falcons' all-time leader in points scored and simply the best to ever do it in Atlanta. Not a bad free-agent signing if you ask me.
Conway: Alex Mack. His impact in Atlanta was felt immediately. He sets the tone for the offensive line and has a great rapport with Matt Ryan. Mack is one of the Falcons' hardest working players and when the center of your offensive line goes about his business that way, it's hard for the rest not to follow.
McFadden: Dimitroff's first major free agent acquisition, running back Michael Turner, was also his most impactful. In his first year with the Falcons, Dimitroff signed the player who would become a major cornerstone part of the team's offense during their first sustained run as an NFC contender. Turner gained 1,699 yards and scored 17 touchdowns on the ground in his first year with the Falcons, earning All-Pro honors and finishing second in the 2008 MVP race. During his career with the Falcons, Turner gained 6,081 rushing yards and scored 61 touchdowns.
What has been Quinn's biggest impact on the Falcons?
Tabeek: The culture. I've met a lot of different head coaches on all levels of football – from high school and small college coaches to Power Five conference and NFL coaches – and I've never met one quite like Dan Quinn. He's as real and as down to earth as they come. I'll never forget what Falcons regional scout Russ Bolinger told me when he was explaining what it was like to be in the room during Quinn's first training camp speech in front of the team. "I was blown away," said Bolinger, who has been through 15 different head coaches in 34 years as a player and a scout – and has heard more than his fair share of season-opening speeches by new coaches. "I went up to him and I said, 'Coach, I'm 58 years old and I feel like running down on kickoffs. I haven't felt like this ever, except maybe in college once or twice.' I said, 'How did you do it?' He goes, 'Russ, everybody I worked for, I kept the good and threw out the bad.'" And trust me, there's a lot of good when it comes to Quinn – and everybody in the building feeds off it.
Conway: Changing the culture. Dan Quinn has been on record saying he wants to build the best culture in professional sports and he's well on his way to doing so. The team has completely bought into Quinn's message and they show that on a daily basis. The energy Quinn brings every day exudes through his players. Quinn has a roster full of fast and physical players who even more importantly, play for one another.
McFadden: It's not talked about to the level it should be, but the Falcons' ability to develop players is strong. Since Quinn's arrival, he and Dimitroff have implemented "Plan D," which is a program to help players improve individual skills. It's played a role in the growth shown by many of the Falcons' younger players, and it's part of the reason why the depth on this team has increased.
Arthur Blank more optimistic about Falcons' direction 'than I've been in many, many years'
Blank talks free agency, salary cap and the freedom he feels the organization is stepping into this offseason.
'I love our young quarterback': Arthur Blank discusses Desmond Ridder
Falcons owner was impressed by Ridder during his four starts at the end of the 2022 season
Bair Mail: On Desmond Ridder, top QBs in 2023 NFL Draft, expectations for Arthur Smith and Ryan Nielsen
Your questions get answers in this Wednesday mailbag
Titans have named Falcons QB coach Charles London their passing game coordinator
The Dunwoody native spent two seasons working with Falcons signal callers
Ryan Nielsen discusses working with assistant head coach/defense Jerry Gray
Nielsen is confident about how he and Gray can compliment each other
Cut from the same cloth: The connection that solidified Ryan Nielsen's move to Atlanta
Arthur Smith and Ryan Nielsen's coaching careers may have never overlapped before 2023, but they still speak the same language.
'It's about passion': Ryan Nielsen explains his coaching philosophy, player development and why Falcons were a perfect fit
New Falcons defensive coordinator said his philosophies align with head coach Arthur Smith, GM Terry Fontenot and owner Arthur Blank
Postcard from the Pro Bowl: Chris Lindstrom checks in from Las Vegas
While participating in the first-ever Pro Bowl Games, Chris Lindstrom sends a message to fans back in Atlanta.
Bair Mail: On Kaleb McGary's future, importing QB competition (and at what level), Ryan Nielsen and more
We also discuss how to improve the defensive front (Myles Murphy, anyone?) in this Friday mailbag
How Steven King's coaching journey to the NFL is a testament to faith and hard work
King will serve as special teams coordinator in East-West Shrine Game
Inside Terry Fontenot's week at the Shrine Bowl and why Falcons coaching there added 'this extra layer'
Despite his various duties, Falcons GM is still a scout at heart
Tom Brady announces retirement, what it means for NFC South
Twitter reacts to Brady's announcement.
What comes next for Terry Fontenot, Arthur Smith after 2022 season
Falcons vs. Buccaneers highlights | Week 18
Desmond Ridder's best plays vs. Buccaneers Week 18
Every Drake London catch in record-breaking game Week 18
Tyler Allgeier rumbles down sideline on way to 28-yard gain
Cordarrelle Patterson rushes for a 2-yard touchdown vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Cordarrelle Patterson caps 9-play drive with 2-yard TD
Can't-Miss Play: Ridder's wicked launch goes for 40-yard gain to London
Rookie Tyler Allgeier eclipses 1,000-yard mark
Ridder's second TD pass of day gives Falcons lead late in third quarter


text:
About the facility
ANNEX OVERNIGHT
Hansen's cabin
ANNEX DAYTIME
The history of Lillsjödal outdoor facility
Lillsjödal outdoor facility was donated to the students at Lund University by Dr. Arvid Lindau (1892–1958), professor of pathology, bacteriology, and public health at Lund University (and the discoverer of the von Hippel-Lindau syndrome).
Professor Lindau was immensely interested in orienteering and was also the president of Lund University's gymnastics and sports society (LUGI). In order to better the chances of Lund's students to be able to practice the noble sport of orienteering he began his search for a cabin in Scanias northern parts, better suited for orienteering and other field sports than Lund's farming landscape. He found Lillsjödal, and "instead of a croft for the practitioners of orienteering – a facility for the whole student community".
The previous owner of Lillsjödal, pre-school teacher Carl Mellton (a dedicated caregiver and descriptor of the culture of Göinge), had recently passed away, and in January in 1941 Lindau started raising money to be able to purchase the facility. To his aid was the legendary industrialist Holger Crafoord (1908–1982), founder of Gambro, CEO of Åkerlund & Rausing for several years, etcetera, and the university's principal. Together they started working with the industries of Scania and were finally able to raise enough money.
Michael Thomas Hansen (1890–1956), director of Svensk Uppslagsbok and later on Förlagshuset Norden, donated the 26 000 crowns needed to purchase the property. A number of other companies, among which were Malmö Sparbank, Malmö Strumpfabrik, and Åkerlund & Rausing, donated funds for restoration and furnishing.
On February 25, 1941, Lindau transferred the facility to the students, and the deputies of Lund's Student Union decided on forming a foundation named "Lund's Student Union's outdoor facility" with the purpose of presenting the student union's members with the opportunity of an enriched outdoor life and provide a base for field sports for the student community.
Following the work on furnishing and restoration Lillsjödal was inaugurated on February 25, 1942. The state's committee for recreational activities had contributed with money, and funds were also raised by means of holding union dances. Furniture (many of which still have not been lost) was custom made by Gärsnäs furniture. The beds were made available by the Red Cross on the condition that Lillsjödal was to act as a war hospital during wartimes.
The male students slept on the top floor in the main building, while female students could stay overnight in the annex (the cost was 1 crown, but only 50 öre if one brought private sheets). The facility was maintained by a foreman (the first one was named Guy Arvidsson, and the current one is Nils Åkesson) and a pair of janitors living at the facility (in what today is known as the conference room, the foreman's office, and the bedroom with a balcony on the second floor). SJ (at that time, the trains stopped in Sösdala) had a student discount from Lund and Malmoe, and the food was (according to Lundagård 8/43) "of pre-war quality" (breakfast cost 90 öre and lunch 1.60 crowns). The facility was self-supporting in vegetables and there was a small chicken farm as well.
As mentioned, the basic idea was that Lillsjödal should be used for outdoor life and field sports. This also came to happen. The nations organised bandy tournaments on the frozen lake, frequent orienteering took place during autumn and spring (several different orienteering charts are available at the facility), and skiing was popular during winter. There were talks on the construction of a ski slope (this probably concerned one of the slope towards the lake – thus a rather modest slope). A grass field was staged as well, on which one could do anything from playing soccer and tennis to boule and croquet. The lake was open to sport fishing and canoeing.
Lillsjödal was rented out to the city of Malmoe during the summers – acting as a summer camp for the city children – as well as to various companies, using the facility as a holiday retreat for their workers. The students were however referred to their other facility, the student facility of Skanör (which is run by the Academic Society, AF).
It was soon to become obvious that the students' major interest was not in the practicing of advanced sports. Far more popular were the nations' trips and other festivities arranged from the very start. The goose banquets, crayfish parties, and Easter/Christmas parties were to become rather more legendary than hard training sessions in the woods.
The student union organised occasional entertainment evenings at the facility. In this fashion people were, for example, entertained by "lute song by senior lecturer" in April 6 in 1964.
Today Lillsjödal stands open to anyone interested (although students affiliated with LUS and LUGI have quite a favorable discount). Throughout the years thousands of students and thousands of other happy people have been able to experience the enchanting old facility, the refreshing lake, and the healthy forest. Student unions, nations, AF committees, and other student associations enjoy traveling to Lillsjödal for the sake of socialising and confering, and the same goes for the lucky person who also has discovered the facility and travels there with his or hers company or friends.
There is no longer any matron around to cook the food – one has to make use of the newly renovated and suitable kitchen for this (and if you do not feel like cooking, there is a pizzeria available in Sösdala). But one can use the sauna or take a swim in the lake, play volleyball on the grass field, wander about the only student forest in Sweden, and the evenings are perfect for settling down in front of the fireplace.
Welcome! And welcome back!
or call: 0704-56 11 87
Main building – Overnight
Hansens Stuga
Main building – Daytime
Kontakta oss: AF-borgen, 3:e vån Sandgatan 2, 223 50 Lund Telefon: 0704-56 11 87


text:
Home More Digital Marketing
Digital PR Versus Traditional PR: Know The Major Differences
Public relations has always been an important aspect of the business. Over the last decade, teh PR has been divided into two: Traditional and Digital. Looking at them from a fundamental perspective, there are no such differences. Both aim to attract an audience, build good relationships and ultimately help the business boost its revenue.
You all must be thinking if there are no such differences, why this article. Hold on! Don't jump off from the cliff just yet.
Despite being two branches from the same stem, Both PR has major differences in approaches. For instance, Digital PR is more about covering the online world, and Traditional PR is all about, you know, what I am talking about. If not, you know more from digital pr consultancy.
Digital PR Vs. Traditional PR
Despite aiming for the same outcome, Digital PR and TRaditional PR are different in execution. Both share the same fundamental goals, but their approach is what makes the difference. To better understand, we have to view them individually.
What Is Traditional PR?
Traditional PR is all about building relationships with the audiences directly. This is why most businesses have such sweet employees who are polite even after customers are speaking on top of their voice.
While it feels like the world has gone through a complete digital transformation, we still find thick strands of the American population consuming traditional media. They watch the news while having dinner with their family, listen to radios while driving, and some even have newspapers delivered to their home every morning.
How Is Traditional PR Delivered?
The primary mission of Traditional PR is to build a positive relationship between the brand and consumers. Traditional PR encompasses brand management, holding events, distributing outlets, running ad campaigns on TVs, and attempting to earn print media coverage.
Benefits Of Traditional PR
Although Traditional PR is considered an old method to build relationships with the customers, there is still something left in it which is why businesses still practice Traditional PR alongside Digital PR.
The Basics Around Mastering PPC Services
Immediate Delivery of messages.
Low cost per thousand exposure.
High local coverage.
High-quality control.
Excellent photo production.
What Is Digital PR?
Like Traditional PR, Digital PR aims to achieve the same feat. However, it takes a different and more online approach. Digital PR is all about using the internet element at every level of their operations and engaging with the audience on different digital platforms.
Digital PR seeks to take advantage of the vast network offered by the internet. You can even say that Digital PR is a combination of media outreach components and wider online strategy.
While Traditional PR is more direct and personal with the approach, Digital PR does the same thing subtly.
How Is Digital PR Delivered?
Digital PR mostly focuses on the digital element that is directly linked with the internet. It uses digital platforms to create awareness and educate audiences about their brands and goals. Search engines, social media platforms, digital magazines are a few methods by which Digital PR is delivered.
Benefits Of Digital PR
You must remember that whichever PR you practice both hopes for the same results. Yes, the approach is different, but both aim to achieve maximum revenue for the business.
Increase Brand awareness + SEO.
Subtle messaging.
You can deliver creative content.
Tangible results.
Two-way engagements.
Which One To Choose?
Choosing a PR can be tricky, and all boils down to what the business is looking for or how much they are willing to invest in the PR campaign. For instance, if you are looking for an opportunity to increase brand awareness in your industry, traditional PR is the right thing to go for.
However, if you are looking to boost your brand's visibility and gain high-scale attention, Digital PR will be more effective and efficient than traditional PR.
Frankly speaking, there is no wrong answer. Even with the different approaches, both have the same goals and want to achieve the same thing for the company or businesses.
Previous articleHow to Start an Eco Friendly Business Online?
Next articleHow to Wear a Cowboy Hat With Ultimate Style
Understanding Your Facebook Ad Strategy's Campaign Levels
Common Marketing Strategy to Drive Traffic to an E-Commerce Site
Tips for finding the Best Dentist
How To Identify If Your Roof Needs To Be Replaced
How You Can Get Celine Dion Tickets to See the Icon...
What to do when you got Ear Piercing infection?
How To Choose a Capacitor?
Get free Instagram followers & likes using the GetInsta application
How Artificial Intelligence Is Changing the Outlook of Modern Day SEO?


*The fields marked in red are obligatory. You have to check the checkbox to accept the legal conditions.
You can access, rectify and delete your data, portability of data, limitation or opposition to your treatment, the right not to be subject to automated decisions, as well as to obtain clear and transparent information about the processing of your data, as explained in the additional information.


Jacob Bornfriend was a graphic artist and painter, born in Zborov, Czechoslovakia. He studied and exhibited in Prague in the 1930s, emigrating to Britain in 1939, losing much of his work in the process. He was exhibited at Bilbo's Modern Art Gallery, the Czechoslovak Institute, London (1945), Roland, Browse & Delbanco (1950–54, 1959, 1961, 1964–5) and in Gothenburg (1962) and Prague (1963). In 1957 was commissioned by architect Eugene Rosenberg to produce a mural for Jews' College, London (now the London School of Jewish Studies). A series of lithographs on Jewish Festivals is in the Ben Uri collection. His work is in public collections in London (Tate, Ben Uri), Leeds, Bradford, Southampton and Wakefield, as well as in Sweden, New Zealand, Czechoslovakia and Israel.


The trademarks, images and photos that relate to the company's products, as well as texts, sounds, graphics and anything else published and reproduced on this website are the exclusive property of Demar Mobili Srl.
No part of this site may be reproduced or retransmitted without our written permission, except for personal, non-transferable. Use for any unauthorized purpose is expressly prohibited by law.
NOTICE – The reproduction, communication to the public, making available to the public, renting and lending, public performance and broadcasting of works protected by copyright without the permission of the copyright owner shall be prohibited. Violations are subject to the penalties provided for in art. 171, 171-bis, 171-ter, 174-bis and 174-ter of Law 633/1941.
Our website includes links to other sites. Demar Mobili S.r.l. has no power over the present and future structure and content of linked pages. The sole responsibility for illegal, fraudulent or incomplete, as well as for damages resulting from the use or non-use of such information is the hosting provider or the owner of the website to which you are referring.


Many people have a skin sensitivity, or allergy, to metal alloys found in jewelry but they may not be aware of it until they experience symptoms such as red, itchy, swollen skin or ear lobes. In fact, sensitivity toward certain metals used in jewelry, such as nickel, is on the rise. As an answer to their sensitivity problem, people with skin sensitivity may mistakenly think that wearing hypo-allergenic jewelry will prevent their discomfort. However, hypo-allergenic simply means 'less' irritation materials, not irritation-free. As a result, people with a higher sensitivity may still experience discomfort when wearing the hypo-allergenic jewelry.
Although other jewelry items such as a necklace or ring may also contain nickel and produce an allergic reaction, this jewelry does not seem to generate the reaction as strongly as earrings. By its very nature, pierced ears tend to show the strongest sensitivity or allergic reaction in people with a nickel sensitivity due to the close proximity of the nickel to the skin. The allergy or sensitivity may start with a mild rash or redness and feel unusually tender or itchy while getting increasingly painful. Over time, the tissue of the ear becomes swollen and sore to the point of being unbearably painful.
To avoid contact with nickel or other irritating alloys, it's not enough to use earrings with gold plating only on the earring post and other parts of the earring that touch skin. The entire earring needs to be plated with 24K gold or made of parts containing 304 surgical stainless steel. Bead and gem stone settings must also be plated with 24K gold or be nickel free. That's why it's so important to use Sensitively Yours ™ earrings.
Sensitively Yours ™ earrings are irritation-free throughout the entire earring. Built from a foundation of high quality surgical stainless steel, then plated in pure 24K gold, Sensitively Yours earrings are your best resource against an allergic reaction in pierced ears. They are designed to be light weight and easy on the earlobe, while at the same time possessing the style and fashion to complement all clothing accessories. The combined effect is that satisfied customers of Sensitively Yours ™ earrings enjoy the beauty and distinction of quality earrings with absolutely no allergic reaction or sensitivity. A multitude of designer styles are available that are affordable and perfect for any wardrobe.
Our earrings include styles in the 24K gold plating as well as the barrel polished surgical stainless steel to simulate a silver finish. We offer earrings with posts, click latches, and French hooks. Additionally, we offer two lines of birthstone posts. Each of the 12 birthstones are included in the Sensitively Yours ™ line-up in two gem sizes to meet your needs. To indicate your desired birth month, we use simulated stones for Garnet, Amethyst, Aquamarine, Diamond, Emerald, Alexandrite, Ruby, Peridot, Sapphires, Topaz, and Blue Zircon. Our additional earring styles include post or stud earrings, hoops, and wire hoops, and children's earrings. We encourage you to browse our online catalog and try our earring lines. All of our earrings come with a lifetime guarantee. If at any time during the life of the earrings, you are not completely satisfied, you may return the earrings for a full refund or exchange by following our Return Policy. We also welcome your feedback or questions.
We truly hope this is the start to wearing earrings comfortably again.