text:
Date of Submission 29-Apr-2021
Date of Acceptance 22-Jun-2021
Importance: Despite the improvement of treatment modalities and technical aspects, recurrence following hernia repair remains one of the main problems for the surgical community. More specifically, previous Cochrane Systematic Review and large database studies compared Lichtenstein repairs. However, none of the relevant published reports were representative of the Saudi population.
Objective: This study's objective was to investigate the overall and gender-specific prevalence of recurrences in patients who had undergone Lichtenstein mesh repair of primary inguinal hernia (IH) in the KFHU Centre.
Design: This is a retrospective record review study conducted between January 2000 and December 2014.
Setting: The study was conducted at a single center located in Saudi Arabia, at King Fahed Hospital University KFHU center.
Participants: Adults (≥18 years of age), with IH, operated at KFHU using standard Lichtenstein open mesh repair, and had minimum follow-up of 2 years were included in the study. Laparoscopically operated cases, recurrent and emergently operated cases were excluded from the study.
Main Outcome (s) and Measure (s): Data were collected by records review and included sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, and family history), hernia type and location, risk factors (body mass index [BMI], smoking, comorbidities, etc.), recurrence and other complications (pain, wound hematoma and seroma, infection, etc.).
Results: We report a recurrence rate of 1.3% following Liechtenstein mesh repair at our center. As for patient-related factors that were found to be significantly associated with the recurrence of an IH were older age, higher BMI, the existence of hypertension, chronic cough and diabetes, in addition to smoking and lifting heavy objects.
Conclusion: We have identified several likely factors associated with higher recurrence after hernia repair. A comparison of the rates of recurrence and complications between different procedures should, therefore, be an important topic to address in future studies.
Keywords: Inguinal hernia, recurrence, risk factor
Almumtin A, Alsaleem H, Al-Ali Z, Alsadah S, Alshareef A, Alshammasi S. The incidence of recurrence after inguinal hernia repair: A single-center experience. Saudi Surg J 2020;8:131-7
Almumtin A, Alsaleem H, Al-Ali Z, Alsadah S, Alshareef A, Alshammasi S. The incidence of recurrence after inguinal hernia repair: A single-center experience. Saudi Surg J [serial online] 2020 [cited 2022 Jan 20];8:131-7. Available from: https://www.saudisurgj.org/text.asp?2020/8/3/131/321734
Hernia is a common surgical disease and was known throughout the human history
Despite the improvement of treatment modalities and technical aspects, recurrence following hernia repair remains one of the main problems for the surgical community
Risk factors for recurrence have been extensively studied in order to reduce its incidence
Lichtenstein repair has been a standard of care in surgical repair of inguinal hernia and represents a safe and effective approach
Recurrence rates after mesh repair is well accepted in comparison with older and more complex anatomical tissue repairs.
Inguinal hernia (IH) is the most commonly diagnosed hernia presenting mostly in the senior population with approximately 75% of overall hernias.[1] The incidence of IH was reported higher among males when compared to females (ratio = 12:1), with the highest incidence after 40–50 years of age.[2] Besides, the lifetime risk of developing an IH is only 3% in females, whereas it is high as 27% for males.[3] Almost a third of IH patients are asymptomatic. Until this decade, IH management includes surgical repair is recommended even for asymptomatic cases because it is considered effective and safe, and it limits hernia complications (incarceration and strangulation).[4] IH repair is the only definitive treatment and is one of the frequent ambulatory surgical procedures performed at surgical units worldwide; with a rate between 10/100,000 in the United Kingdom and 28/100,000 in the United States.[5] It is performed by reinforcing the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, mostly utilizing a polypropylene mesh.[6]
Despite the improvement of treatment modalities and technical aspects, recurrence following hernia repair remains one of the main problems for the surgical community.[7] In the United States, a previous study reported a recurrence rate after hernia repair ranging between 0% and 3.7%.[8] Furthermore, European reports based on data from the Swedish Hernia Register and Danish Hernia Database have outlined that almost 13%–15% of IHs repairs were performed for recurrences.[7],[9] The absolute reason for IHs recurrence persists unclear, and it has not been achievable to distinguish single parameters or risk factors as being responsible; it is most probably multifactorial.[7] The identified risk factors for recurrence range widely and include both controllable technical (surgery related) and noncontrollable nontechnical (patient related) risk factors. Surgical risk factors include surgical technical and anesthesia methods, surgeon experience, mesh-fixation procedures, and hospital volume. The patient-related risk factors possess a major effect on the risk of recurrence including sex, family disposition, smoking, hernia anatomy and type, connective tissue composition, and degradation.[7] Some of these technical and nontechnical risk factors could be optimized pre- and during the operation to lower the recurrence rate of hernia.[10] In the majority of the countries, mesh repair method was described as the best method to decrease the risk of recurrence. More specifically, previous Cochrane Systematic Review and large database studies compared Lichtenstein repairs and other methods (Shouldice, nonmesh) favoring the mesh Lichtenstein approach with lower recurrence rate.[4]
However, none of the relevant published reports were representative of the Saudi population. Therefore, this study's objective was to investigate the overall and gender-specific prevalence of recurrences in patients who had undergone Lichtenstein mesh repair of primary IH in the KFHU Centre.
This is a retrospective record review study conducted on all IH cases underwent open Liechtenstein mesh repair at King Fahed Hospital University KFHU center between January 2000 and December 2014.
The inclusion criteria included adults (≥18 years of age), with IH, operated at KFHU using standard Lichtenstein open mesh repair, and had minimum follow up of 2 years. Laparoscopically operated cases, recurrent and emergently operated cases were excluded from the study.
Lichtenstein tension-free mesh IH repair is a noncomplex, safe, less painful, effective procedure, with extremely low early and late morbidity and remarkably low recurrence rate and therefore it is a preferred method for hernia repair.[11]
Data were collected by records review and included sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, and family history), hernia type and location, risk factors (body mass index [BMI], smoking, comorbidities, etc.), recurrence and other complications (pain, wound hematoma and seroma, infection, etc.).
Variables description
First or second degree adult (aged between 18 and 60 years) with IH.
Smoked for at least 2 years (cigarettes of hookah).
Lifting heavy object
Occupational (not including one incident which provoked the hernia as emergency cases were excluded in the selection).
As per Rome III criteria include at least 2 of the following symptoms during ≥25% of defecations: Straining, lumpy or hard stools, sensation of incomplete evacuation, sensation of anorectal obstruction or blockage, relying on manual maneuvers to promote defecation, and having <3 unassisted bowel movements per week. For more than a year.[12],[13]
Patients who are labeled by a urologists having Benign prostatic hyperplasia and on Tamsulosin and/or finasteride for enlarged prostate.[14]
Cases on medications for hypertension.
Type 1 or 2 diabetics whether on insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent.
Chronic renal failure
Who are on dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) or who fit the diagnostic criteria by the American Family physicians' association.[15]
On Warfarin or any novel anticoagulation.
Hematoma under the skin flap bellow the wound
Clinically or radiologically: Within a month of the procedure.
Scrotal hematoma
Urine retention
Independent of the type of anesthesia used.
Surgical site infection
Superficial incisional surgical site infection (SSI) must meet the following criteria:
Date of event occurs within 30 days after any NHSN operative procedure (where day 1 = the procedure date, AND involves only skin and subcutaneous tissue of the incision, AND patient has at least one of the following: (a) Purulent drainage from the superficial incision. (b) Organism (s) identified from an aseptically obtained specimen from the superficial incision or subcutaneous tissue by a culture or nonculture-based microbiologic testing method which is performed for purposes of clinical diagnosis or treatment (for example, not Active Surveillance Culture/Testing [ASC/AST]). (c) Superficial incision that is deliberately opened by a surgeon, physician or physician designee and culture or nonculture-based testing of the superficial incision or subcutaneous tissue is not performed, AND patient has at least one of the following signs or symptoms: Localized pain or tenderness; localized swelling; erythema; or heat, AND diagnosis of a superficial incisional SSI by a physicianor physician designee.[16]
Mesh infection
Deep incisional surgical site infection
The date of event occurs within 30 or 90 days after the operative procedure (where day 1 = The procedure date): AND involves deep soft tissues of the incision (for example, fascial and muscle layers) AND patient has at least one of the following: (a) Purulent drainage from the deep incision. (b) A deep incision that spontaneously dehisces, or is deliberately openedor aspirated by a surgeon, physician or physician designee AND Organism (s) identified from the deep soft tissues of the incision by a culture or nonculture-based microbiologic testing method which is performed for purposes of clinical diagnosis or treatment (for example, not ASC/AST) or culture or nonculture-based microbiologic testing method is not performed. A culture or nonculture-based test from the deep soft tissues of the incision that has a negative finding does not meet this criterion.[16]
AND patient has at least one of the following signs or symptoms: Fever (>38°C); localized pain or tenderness, an abscess or other evidence of infection involving the deep incision that is detected on gross anatomical or histopathologic exam or imaging test.
Bladder injury
Diagnosed intraoperatively or postoperatively.
Increased analgesic use, restriction of activities of daily living, significant effects on quality of life, and increased health-care utilization.[17]
Recurrence assessed clinically or radiologically.
The study was approved by the local ethics committee. An informed consent was obtained from participants before the commencement of the study.
All statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 26, IBM, Endicott, New York, USA. Statistical significance was taken at the 95% level (P < 0.05) [Table 1]. Results were expressed as frequency and percentages for categorical variables. Differences in categorical variables were analyzed with the Pearson Chi-square test or with Fisher's exact test when conditions are not fulfilled.
Table 1: Patients' characteristics
A total of 2436 hernia repairs were carried out during the study period using the Liechtenstein mesh method. The mean age of patients was 27.36 ± 10.02 years (range of 18–67 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 22 (95.7% male; 4.3% female). Only 8.8% had a family history of hernia. Chronic constipation was the most reported illness (5.5%), followed by hypertension (5.2%) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (4.1%). A total of 344 patients reported lifting heavy objects, while 178 patients were smokers [Table 1]. [Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4] describes hernia characteristics and complications following Liechtenstein mesh repair. The majority of the cases were indirect hernia (85.4%) on the right side (66.8%). As for complications, recurrence was seen in 20 patients (1.3%), followed by urine retention with 18 cases (1.2%) and wound hematoma in 17 (1.1%).
Table 2: Hernia characteristics and complications
Table 3: Factors associated to hernia recurrence
Table 4: Estimates of associations between significant variables and recurrence
Patients with recurrence had a significantly higher age (27.16 ± 9.84) than those with no recurrence (42 ± 12.12) (P < 0.0001, odds ratio [OR] =1.08). Similarly, patients with recurrence had a significantly higher BMI (31.23 ± 4.71) than those with no recurrence (24.27 ± 3.82) (P < 0.0001, OR = 1.30). When analyzed on a gender basis, male and female patients showed a similar recurrence rate of 10%. An analysis of patients' comorbidities revealed that patients with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic cough had a significantly higher recurrence rate with an OR of 6.45, 6.29, and 6.41, respectively. In addition, recurrence was significantly seen more in smokers (P < 0.0001, OR = 45.86), those lifting heavy objects (P = 0.03, OR = 2.76), and those with a direct hernia (P < 0.0001, OR = 14.51). As for hernia-related factors associated with gender [Table 5], only the hernia type was found significantly associated where males had more indirect hernias and females had more direct hernias.
Table 5: Hernia-related factors associated with gender
During recent decade, significant changes were observed regarding IH surgical techniques with excellent findings, however, the rate of surgeries performed for recurrence has not decreased significantly and this still remains a clinical problem.[18] Previous evidence favored the use of tension-free Lichtenstein (L) mesh repair procedure for IH, as recurrence rates have repeatedly been reported to be very minimal, ranging between 1% and 2%.[19] Similar to these findings, we report a recurrence rate of 1.3% following Liechtenstein mesh repair at our center. Hernia recurrence was accounted for sufficient clinical relevance to justify reoperation. Another substitute approach, the bi-layer mesh Prolene Hernia System (PHS), showed the possibility of lower recurrence rates. Nevertheless, once the recurrence post-PHS happens, the reoperation will become much difficult technically and associated with a higher risk of complications, as both the anterior and posterior space have been covered.[19] It is suggested that the recurrences after applying the mesh technique (Lichtenstein) must be performed by an experienced surgeon to give extra attention to internal exfoliation and fixation.[20] The term "surgical care" suggests surgical complications. Only 74 out of 2436 had complications following hernia repair including mostly recurrence (1.3%), urine retention (1.2%), wound hematoma (1.1%), and scrotal hematoma (0.7%). These most often occurring complications were also reported in the past evidence.[21],[22]
As there is no definitive cause for recurrence after IH surgery, several risk factors were suggested being responsible. Patient-related factors that were found to be significantly associated with the recurrence of an IH were older age, higher BMI, the existence of hypertension, chronic cough, and diabetes, in addition to smoking and lifting heavy objects. Junge et al. reported similar factors found to increase the recurrence rate such as age >50 years, smoking, the presence of >2 similarly affected relatives, and the existence of a recurrent hernia.[23] Our findings showed that a higher BMI was significantly linked with higher risk to undergo recurrent hernia repair. This was in agreement with many investigations, yet on other hand, results in the literature suggested that BMI has no effect on recurrence following hernia repair. The probable explanation for these mixed results is the heterogeneity of the study population.[24],[25] This contributes to our result that diabetics are more likely to have a repair for recurrence. However, a previous study reported an opposed association with the possible etiology is that their comorbidities regarding diabetes prevent them from undergoing surgeries.[8]
We found that the female gender was associated with a higher recurrence rate, albeit not significantly. This finding was significantly found in a previous study quantifying the existing evidence on the patient-related risk factors for recurrence.[7] The reason why combines pathophysiology, ana-pathology and technical aspects. The higher risk of recurrence in association to smoking might be due to modification in changed composition probably caused by temporary tissue hypoxia.[7] Some studies declined the relationship between age and recurrence rate, while others had suggested that older age was significantly related to a recurrence following IH repair.[23],[26] Our findings suggest the hypothesis of impaired wound healing in older patients. Besides recurrence, the lifetime risk of getting an IH is much higher in males (27%) than females (3%). However, the female gender has been reported to increase the risk of hernia recurrence which aligns with our results, yet the relationship was not statistically significant.[27] Furthermore, the complications following hernia repair were equally distributed between males and females with no predominance. As far as, we know no previous study stratifying these complications according to gender.
The current study embedded several limitations including the retrospective design, resulting in the risk of underreporting data, incomplete data collection, insufficient information on the possible confounder, and missing information on data quality. It is also important to point out that the study was conducted in a single-center, therefore limiting the generalizability of its findings. The main strong points are the very large size of the study and the long 14-year-period.
The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of recurrence after Lichtenstein mesh repair overall and to evaluate if there is any gender-specific difference in these patients. We have identified several likely factors associated with higher recurrence after hernia repair such as older age, higher BMI, the existence of comorbidities, in addition to smoking. A comparison of the rates of recurrence and complications between different procedures should, therefore, be an important topic to address in future studies.
McIntosh A, Hutchinson A, Roberts A, Withers H. Evidence-based management of groin hernia in primary care – A systematic review. Fam Pract 2000;17:442-7.
Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Risk factors for inguinal hernia among adults in the US population. Am J Epidemiol 2007;165:1154-61.
Primatesta P, Goldacre MJ. Inguinal hernia repair: Incidence of elective and emergency surgery, readmission and mortality. Int J Epidemiol 1996;25:835-9.
HerniaSurge Group. International guidelines for groin hernia management. Hernia 2018;22:1-165.
Jenkins JT, O'Dwyer PJ. Inguinal hernias. BMJ 2008;336:269-72.
Berndsen MR, Gudbjartsson T, Berndsen FH. Inguinal hernia – Review. Laeknabladid 2019;105:385-91.
Burcharth J. The epidemiology and risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia surgery. Dan Med J 2014;61:B4846.
Murphy BL, Ubl DS, Zhang J, Habermann EB, Farley DR, Paley K. Trends of inguinal hernia repairs performed for recurrence in the United States. Surgery 2018;163:343-50.
Haapaniemi S, Gunnarsson U, Nordin P, Nilsson E. Reoperation after recurrent groin hernia repair. Ann Surg 2001;234:122-6.
Siddaiah-Subramanya M, Ashrafi D, Memon B, Memon MA. Causes of recurrence in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Hernia 2018;22:975-86.
Lichtenstein IL, Shulman AG, Amid PK, Montllor MM. The tension-free hernioplasty. Am J Surg 1989;157:188-93.
Drossman DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome III process. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1377-90.
Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1480-91.
Edwards JL. Diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Am Fam Physician 2008;77:1403-10.
Baumgarten M, Gehr T. Chronic kidney disease: Detection and evaluation. Am Fam Physician 2011;84:1138-48.
NHSN | CDC. Published December 16, 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/9pscssicurrent.pdf. [Last accessed on 2021 Jan 31].
Macrae WA. Chronic post-surgical pain: 10 years on. Br J Anaesth 2008;101:77-86.
Klinge U, Krones CJ. Can we be sure that the meshes do improve the recurrence rates? Hernia 2005;9:1-2.
Magnusson J, Gustafsson UO, Nygren J, Thorell A. Rates of and methods used at reoperation for recurrence after primary inguinal hernia repair with Prolene Hernia System and Lichtenstein. Hernia 2018;22:439-44.
Yaguchi Y, Inaba T, Kumata Y, Horikawa M, Kiyokawa T, Fukushima R. Two cases of early recurrence after transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. Asian J Endosc Surg 2018;11:71-4.
Bischoff JM, Linderoth G, Aasvang EK, Werner MU, Kehlet H. Dysejaculation after laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy: A nationwide questionnaire study. Surg Endosc 2012;26:979-83.
Aasvang EK, Gmaehle E, Hansen JB, Gmaehle B, Forman JL, Schwarz J, et al. Predictive risk factors for persistent postherniotomy pain. Anesthesiology 2010;112:957-69.
Junge K, Rosch R, Klinge U, Schwab R, Peiper CH, Binnebösel M, et al. Risk factors related to recurrence in inguinal hernia repair: A retrospective analysis. Hernia 2006;10:309-15.
Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Bisgaard T, Rosenberg J. Patient-related risk factors for recurrence after inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Surg Innov 2015;22:303-17.
Rosemar A, Angerås U, Rosengren A, Nordin P. Effect of body mass index on groin hernia surgery. Ann Surg 2010;252:397-401.
Sorensen LT, Friis E, Jorgensen T, Vennits B, Andersen BR, Rasmussen GI, et al. Smoking is a risk factor for recurrence of groin hernia. World J Surg 2002;26:397-400.
Schmidt L, Öberg S, Andresen K, Rosenberg J. Recurrence rates after repair of inguinal hernia in women: A systematic review. JAMA Surg 2018;153:1135-42.
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]


text:
What Evidence Do I Need in a Bus Accident Lawsuit?
Bus Accident Attorneys in Los Angeles
Bus accident lawsuits require much of the same evidence as other vehicle collision claims. In most cases, investigating a bus crash will center on identifying the at-fault party and documenting your damages. Collecting this evidence is vital for anyone pursuing a personal injury claim.
Because of the unique challenges that come with a bus accident, having the right attorney by your side is vital. Experience with these claims can mean the difference between obtaining the compensation you deserve and walking away with nothing. Discuss your options with a Los Angeles personal injury attorney immediately after the crash. Before your initial consultation, review the following types of evidence that are used in a bus accident lawsuit.
Most personal injury lawsuits begin and end with your medical records. After all, you are not entitled to compensation if you cannot prove you suffered damages in the crash. Your medical records are not enough on their own, however. You will need your doctor to testify regarding the severity of your injuries and the necessary medical treatment you underwent following the crash.
Your medical records can also help to paint a picture– for the jury- of the pain you experienced after the crash. Your doctor can testify as to the type and amount of pain management medication they prescribed to you. This can help your personal injury lawyer make the case that you require significant compensation for pain and suffering.
When it comes to proving liability in a bus accident case, photographic evidence can have a significant impact on a jury. For example, images of your vehicle after the crash can help them understand the severity of the impact. Additionally, photos of your injuries can help you establish how severe they were. Finally, images of the accident scene can help the jury visualize how the crash occurred.
Much of the evidence offered at a bus accident trial comes directly from one of the parties. Juries typically weigh testimony from one party or the other against the interest they have in the outcome. For that reason, the testimony of independent third parties can be especially valuable. In cases where the parties differ on how the accident occurred, the word of an independent witness could sway the jury.
Accident reconstruction experts
Sometimes the word of a witness or photographic evidence is not enough to make your case. In cases involving complicated or severe collisions, it can be challenging to establish exactly how an accident occurred. In these cases, the use of an accident reconstruction expert could help your Los Angeles bus accident attorney establish liability.
Bus maintenance logs
Some bus accidents occur not from the negligence of the driver, but due to the failure of the bus company to keep the vehicle in proper working order. When a bus accident case turns on whether or not the owner failed to maintain the vehicle properly, maintenance logs can become persuasive evidence. These logs could show whether or not the bus company followed an appropriate schedule of repairing and maintaining the commercial vehicle.
Recorded data
In some cases, the strongest evidence comes from data recorded by the bus or the driver's mobile device. Like airplanes, many buses come with black boxes that capture data for every aspect of the vehicle's operations. This could include data about speed and brake use– among other things.
Data from the bus driver's phone could also be useful. If they were using it at the time of the crash, the data recorded on the device could provide evidence that they were distracted– texting, sending an email, or even watching streaming video behind the wheel.
Contact our team of Los Angeles bus accident lawyers
At Salamati Law, we take an aggressive approach to pursuing every bus accident claim. The injuries stemming from this are often severe, and we work tirelessly to help the injured obtain the compensation they deserve. To discuss how we can help in your case, schedule a free consultation with Salamati Law as soon as possible.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Catalyst and Foil
by Steven Matijcio, Director and Chief Curator, Blaffer Art Museum, Houston, 2020
LISTEN was as much about an artist listening to local organizations, and those organizations to their constituencies, as it was about arts organizations — Wave Pool and the Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati (CAC) — listening to a community, an artist, and ourselves. From the outset, Woolard asked Cal Cullen, Director of Wave Pool, and myself, curator at the CAC at the time: Why do we seek to initiate a social practice project with someone who does not live in Cincinnati? Who benefits and how? What form does compensation take, and what is the legacy of such work? Woolard's artistry is everywhere and nowhere in this process, functioning as both catalyst and foil as she orchestrates situations that prompt each party to recalibrate how they conceive and speak themselves.
Woolard infuses each aspect of her working process with a gentle but pervasive approach to transparency and honest communication, sculpting words, objects, and scenarios that continue to circulate long after their initiation. As a case in point, the artist developed a set of objects that are used as prompts for story-telling, in dialogue with an economic justice organization that wanted to work with her. The organization wanted to move beyond the index cards they were using for storytelling, and Woolard's kit supported an oral history project in the area. After a series of conversations and events, Woolard created objects that come in a Fluxkit-like structure, a wooden box with two sets of stairs on either side, miniature objects half-hidden in soil. Participants are asked to select an object, pull it from the soil, and see if it prompts a story.
One participant selected a golden mathematical knot that emerges from a meteoroid-like shape. This knot-object speaks aptly to a cooperative process as a sinuous nexus where authorship is shared and direction is non-linear. The organization that Woolard worked with, MORTAR, provides resources to historically marginalized people to start and run successful local businesses. Woolard 3D-printed each of the golden knots in this project to ensure that they are affordable, accessible, and reproducible. This networked way of producing sculptural objects — in any maker space — feels especially relevant in a time when we must work together, from a distance, during COVID. Like the knots extracted from soil in the respective wooden box, pulled like root vegetables from the earth, the objects of LISTEN collectively continue on as enduring icons of actions that are both rooted and mobile, planted without ever being fixed.
sculpting words, objects, and scenarios that continue to circulate long after their initiation
To work with and alongside Caroline Woolard is to inhabit a reflexive arena where one is simultaneously immersed in an interaction with an object and experiencing a project holistically, mindfully analyzing each step and the motivation for every move. In the arts we so often work in shorthand, relying on conventions and upholding what we believe to be enlightened practices — even as the demands of timelines, budgets and the expectations for tangible outcomes erode a priori integrity. LISTEN opened up the sightlines of that which is obscured in second thoughts, and allowed us to hear, and to heighten.
to inhabit a reflexive arena where one is simultaneously immersed in an interaction with an object and experiencing a project holistically, mindfully analyzing each step and the motivation for every move
Steven Matijcio is the Director and Chief Curator of the Blaffer Art Museum. He won a 2010 Emily Hall Tremaine Exhibition Award for the project "paperless" and in 2012 he was the curator of the fourth Narracje Festival in Gdansk, Poland. Matijcio was also commissioned by the Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation in 2003 to curate one of their first online exhibitions.


"Remain open… something good is about to happen" is the motto around our studio. Every day here is a gift and a dream. We are dedicated in helping you make your images zing! We are passionate about our art and pour hours of love into creating new set designs by staying current and fresh.
Angel Kissed Designs are the creative invention of Annette Thompson, artist, photographer and designer extraordinaire. A wife, mother, and Christian, Annette has brought a new inspiration in set design for the designer photographer, In the way of Ready- Set- Go!… A Set on the Go! Just Open the box and hang your designer set.


Three twenty-somethings are abducted and imprisoned by a dwarf with a voracious appetite.
That means Monique helps keep the site running by contributing at least $5 a month via our Patreon Campaign. The site you are using right now is here partly because of their kind generosity.
An unassuming teacher teams up with an artifacts smuggler to track down her "dead" father (his former partner) while staying a step ahead of their old boss - a ruthless black market antiquities dealer.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tradional english pub sign kings head hotel. york. Small amounts of paint missing but nothing serious this sign came from an english pub these english cast iron signs were of outstanding quality. traditional english ales barrel end sign hand-made and hand painted traditional wooden pub sign. "Please check my other items, all orders are dispatched within h"
The rusty apples metal sign co the punch and judy. Black metal frame and backing, but unsure of what the lion is made of.. in good condition, never hung. "I keep winning bidders informed throughout, and will let you know when items are posted"
H2, very interesting looking and collectable decoration.
Check out these interesting ads related to "english pub signs"
Outrageous fortune by terence frisby publisher: first thing pub. english pub signs only used handful of times over the last couple of months. In perfect as new condition but at fraction of the price, at 1.58 , with original box. Delivery can be arranged - please message me for a quote.
Al murray the pub landlord says think yourself. It does need attention, some welding etc. "To help clear up your infection completely and to ensure it does not return, good health habits are required"
- pacific english pale ale 4.0% ale pump badge in very good condition. in used condition, with some tiny scratches, with no chips or cracks. Old English Retro Pub Sign - . This cost over 15 new. Collection only from Delivered anywhere in UK please.
A dictionary of pub, inn and tavern signs. Courage ales & stout english pub embossed steel advertising sign excellent quality reproduction sign in new condition. 4 1/4 inches in diameter english pub signs. "If the purchased item you have received is defective, please contact us , we would settle it"
The killing habit (tom thorne novels). Collectable vintage old english pub attribute - wandworth 6x traditional draught bitter beer pump badge with clip. very unusual and was probably made for the place it was taken from so most likely to be a 'one-off'.. "We are frequently praised for our price,quality and speed of delivery"
Guinness irish horse small metal tin pub sign. No reserve??i ship worldwide in strong boxes packaged professionally with plenty of bubble wrap. "Contact me with any question free of compromise, i'll try to do my best"
Guinness irish toucan bottle small metal tin pub. "Returns if you are not % happy ,please return for full refund"
100 assorted famous pub sign coasters from britain.


*Sleek and modern addition to your kitchen. *Offering you the best of life, hygiene and services.
This microwave oven has a compact and space saving design that will not occupy much space on your kitchen cabinet. It's blue LCD panel adds a stylish look to this oven. Thorough cooking with uniform heat distribution. This microwave oven also has a rapid defrost feature that defrosts frozen food quickly to room temperature and aids in better cooking of the food. Another special feature of this oven is its eco friendly and thereby saves a lot of energy. Buy this Microwave and cook mouth-watering dishes for your family and friends.
Brands : Haier, Whirlpool, Panasonic and Others - Depending on Availability.


The Tall Mama: Dress It Up With A Blazer!
Folding up with sleeves keeps the blazer casual.
Laughing at my daughter just out of shot - not the best face!
As a Mama of 2 little girls my everyday style is casual. I need to be able to run around after tiny humans!
My favourite way to make my casual outfits look a bit more pulled together and dressed up is to wear a blazer. I'll usually fold the cuffs up to tie in with the casual look (also a great way to disguise sleeves that are a little too short!).
From my previous corporate working life I have loads of blazers and suit jackets so rather than leave them languishing in my closet I like to take them out and about every once and a while!
How do you like to dress up your casual looks?
Blazers look so great with jeans and on you. I wish I could wear them. I'm only 5'3' and still waiting for my breast to deflate after sopping breastfeeding, so they can make me look stocky at the moment.
Love having a blazer to "jazz" up an everyday look!
I love blazers too and this one is great with those ripped jeans. It's structured with a hint of rebel. Love it!


Dollar General is going hostile with its $9.1 billion bid for Family Dollar after its rival repeatedly rejected previous offers.
The discount chain has commenced an open offering to investors of Family Dollar Stores Inc. for $80 per share in cash. That offer was rejected last week by the company's board, which has already accepted a deal with another discounter, Dollar Tree.
Family Dollar, based in Matthews, North Carolina, has voiced concerns about Dollar General's deal passing antitrust review. In response, Dollar General has said that it is willing to divest up to 1,500 stores if the Federal Trade Commission requires it. The company also is offering to pay a $500 million reverse breakup fee if antitrust hurdles get in the way.
Dollar General's offer makes for a compelling financial argument, Sterne Agee analyst Chuck Grom wrote. He expects the Goodlettsville, Tennessee, company to ultimately win the dollar store war.
Family Dollar Stores Inc. has been exploring a sale amid considerable financial stress and it has shuttered some of its stores and cut prices in an attempt to increase foot traffic. In June, activist investor Carl Icahn urged the company to put itself up for sale.
Family Dollar accepted an $8.5 billion offer from Dollar Tree Inc. a month later. The competing bid includes $59.60 in cash and the equivalent of $14.90 in shares of Dollar Tree for a total of $74.50 for each share held. Family Dollar has backed the bid, saying regulators are less likely to interfere.
There are more similarities, however, between Family Dollar and Dollar General, which stock their shelves with goods that sell for a range of prices. Everything sold at Dollar Tree costs a buck.
Appealing directly to Family Dollar shareholders, Dollar General Chairman and CEO Rick Dreiling said that a sale to his company would provide them with "immediate and certain liquidity for their shares."
"By taking this step, we are providing all Family Dollar shareholders a voice in this process, and we urge them to tender into our offer," Dreiling said in a news release.
Dollar General's offer expires Oct. 8. The latest bid, which was raised from $78.50 per share initially, represents a premium of nearly 32 percent for Family Dollar stock on the day before the Dollar Tree deal was announced in July.
Family Dollar shares slipped four cents to $78.66 in Wednesday morning trading. The stock hit a record high of $80.97 earlier this month.


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text:
FREEDOM CALL –
by Rune
Halvt sveitsisk, halvt fransk, tysk band.
Av Rune
Etter et mislykket fors�k p� � f� tatt dette intervjuet, kom Cedric (eller Cede som han kalles) og undertegnede i gang med praten. Anledningen var selvsagt bandets liveskive Live Invasion som er p� markedet i disse dager. Det ble litt prat om nevnte skive, en del mer om bonusskiva og litt fotball. Cede er fra Sveits, men har litt fransk blod i �rene. Med en humoristisk undertone sa han ifra om at Sveits sin innsats i EM ville han ikke snakke om. Og det var jo helt greit, siden jeg hadde forberedt meg p� en prat med enten Chris eller Dan om det som viste seg � bli Tysklands exit fra EM. Men n� ble det Cede og Freedom Call�s yngste medlem var en hyggelig kar som ogs� viste seg � v�re veldig pratsom.
ET � Live Invasion � Recorded in 3 cities in Germany in 2002. Am I wrong or are most of the recordings from the Munich gig?
CEDE � Actually I don�t know. We were recording in D�sseldorf, Stuttgart and Munich, and we just picked out the best versions of the songs. It was on this tour with Blind Guardian. They were also recording, every show actually. We just had those 3 in D�sseldorf, Stuttgart and Munich. We played 2 different set lists to make sure that we can put as many songs as possible on the record. We just played 45 minutes and that wouldn�t make any sense having a live album for 45 minutes. So we were doing 2 different set lists in Stuttgart and Dusseldorf, and in Munich we did a mix up of the 2 set lists. So it�s a mixture of those 3 shows that you will find on the CD.
ET � Well, it�s a great live album. How has the response been from the fans?
CEDE � It�s cool. I think that for fans a live album is something really special, and I think for people who don�t know the band already. A live album is a great possibility to find out what Freedom Call is about. We had a really great time on this tour and I think you can hear that on the album as well. Also for people who doesn�t know the band. We have a mixture of songs from all the albums and people can say; this song was great. What album is it on? So you can say it�s more like a best of album. And everybody in Freedom Call is very happy with Live Invasion because the sound is very cool and we also tried to give the fans something special for the price, which means we included the Taragon EP as a bonus disc. This EP was only released in Japan and France before, so we decided to use is as a second CD. We added a couple of cover songs. So I think that the fans get a nice package for the money they pay.
ET � And what about the press?
CEDE � So far it�s very cool. Everybody obviously has been listening to Live Invasion and says its quality and that it is very well made. It�s not a bootleg album with crappy sound.
ET � Back to the Taragon EP, why didn�t you release it world wide?
CEDE � Me personally, I wasn�t in the band at that time, but I believe they wanted to do something to make the time shorter to the next album, which was Crystal Empire. They recorded the songs and they offered them to their record partners. Sadly only the labels in France and Japan decided to release it, while the rest wanted to concentrate on the next studio album. I think that is the main reason actually. Now on the live album, it gives the fans something special when we decided to attach it as a bonus CD. People didn�t want to import it from Japan because it was way too expensive. I think the songs on Taragon are great and that it is a great bonus for those who are buying Live Invasion.
ET � I have been talking to a lot of people about Live Invasion and most of them are saying that the bonus disc with the Taragon EP is the best disc on the album.
CEDE � Well, it is a studio recording so it has the Freedom Call youth bombast to it, hehehe. I mean, I like the Taragon EP also pretty well and on the Wacken Road Shows in March and April we did 2 songs from Taragon EP which was Warriors of Light and Dancing with Tears in My Eyes, which is a great version in my opinion.
ET � There are 3 cover songs on this disc, and I can understand Dr. Stein and Dancing with Tears in My Eyes. But how did you end up doing a cover of the track Hiroshima?
CEDE � Well, I am the youngest guy in Freedom Call. I am 25 and the rest is over 30, and they are listening to more of the old stuff, like the stuff from the seventies. I think Wishful Thinking was one of Chris�s favorite bands. I mean, he really like pop songs as well. That�s why they wanted to do Dancing with Tears in My Eyes as well. I think it was that they were listening to the song a lot and decided to do a cover song of it. It does sound heavier than the original version. It�s not like a cheesy pop song, hehe. For Dr. Stein we were supposed to cover a song for a Helloween tribute album, but it didn�t work out for some reasons. But we already recorded it during the Eternity recording session, so we decided to put it somewhere, and now with Live Invasion we got the opportunity and we thought it would be a good idea to use it there.
ET � Ok, enough about Live Invasion and the Taragon EP. Do you have any new songs for the next studio album?
CEDE � Right now we are in the situation that we have written all the songs and we will start recording the drums in the next couple of weeks. That should be the kick off for the whole studio session, so we should be very busy recording the next studio album this summer. It should be released in January, I was told, and will be followed by another headliner tour. I know Europe and I think that you can expect a lot of gigs from Freedom Call next year, hehe.
ET � How many tracks will be on the next album?
CEDE � There will be 11 songs on the album. I wrote 2 of them. Last couple of weeks has been very busy arranging songs. I also think a lot will happen during the studio session. Changing a bit here and changing a bit there. And it makes a lot of sense because we never record a pre production without having the songs completely done. We work a lot in the studio. I think people can hear that Freedom Call has some new influences, because it doesn�t make sense to copy your albums over and over again. So we have some new influences and we have a lot of groovy stuff actually. I think people can expect something fresh from Freedom Call.
ET � I think I can remember that Chris did some growling on Eternity.
CEDE � Yeah, actually it wasn�t him. It was a friend of him who did it, but I did it live, hehe, which was a lot of fun. Privately I listen to a lot of aggressive stuff like Soilwork, Pantera and Children Of Bodom and stuff like that. So it was a lot of fun for me to growl it, hehe.
ET � Will the lyrics still be about the story of Taragon?
CEDE � No, after Eternity we decided to finish the story. This time the lyrics are about what happens in the world today. Daniel is writing all the lyrics and he also writes a lot about personal experiences and that kind of stuff. It�s not going to be a continuing story like the Taragon story this time.
ET � How did you come up with the idea of doing the lyrics about Taragon anyway?
CEDE � It was Daniel actually, he write most of the lyrics. He had some fantasy stories behind it. He and the other guys have been reading a lot of books about the subject. I think that was the reason they decided to go along with their own story. But after 3 albums it is enough, and we should take the next step obviously.
ET � You said that you are going to be in the studio most of the upcoming summer. I guess there will not be many gigs for Freedom Call this summer then?
CEDE � Actually no. So far we have done a festival in Slovakia and we will play another festival in Sweden on the 10th of July. Besides that we don�t have any gigs scheduled because we want to concentrate on the new studio album. But I think we are going to play a lot next year. It is good not too play all the time, because the same people get tired of seeing you over and over again. When we are done with the studio session and have created the next studio album, we will be back, and in Norway as well.
ET � You were actually here last year, but unfortunately I didn�t know about the gig before a couple of days after it happened.
CEDE � It�s time to come to Norway again. The people are very very cool there, so we should come back there, hehe. Hopefully you will have your chance the next time, hehe.
ET � And now over to something else. Isabel, she is in charge of the Freedom Call homepage, she is doing merchandise and she is also running the fan club. Where did you find her?
CEDE � Actually she has been a Freedom Call fan for a long time and she has followed us on a lot of concerts. I mean, you have some fans that you see over and over again. It makes you wonder when they make it from Munich to Berlin in 1 day. Some of the fans we do see a lot. We knew that she was interested in computers and internet and stuff, and that she also created her own webpage. And one day we just asked her if she wanted to do a Freedom Call webpage, as we were looking for a new webmaster. Since she is our webmaster, we also asked her if she wanted to do the merchandise for the upcoming headliner tour. She accepted both. And finally, since she is doing the webpage, answering a lot of questions from fans, she decided to run the fan club as well. Basically she is doing a lot, hehehe.
ET � Freedom Call is known as The Happy Power Metal Band. What do you think of this reputation?
CEDE � The expression �Happy Metal� sounds a bit stupid too my ears though. When people come to a concert or when they are listening to a record, they just get into a good mood. That�s the most important thing. Nobody wants to buy a concert ticket and get bored. Hopefully that is not the case at a Freedom Call show, hehe. We have a lot of fun on stage, and we want to have a lot of fun with the fans and audience also. I think that people can have a great time with us that are why they call it �Happy Metal�. It�s all about the fun, it�s all about the party and we do play very positive music. That�s probably why I listen to Pantera privately, hehehehe. I also like a lot of other bands like Helloween and stuff like that, which of course are one of the influence for Freedom Call. But nevertheless, I feel that we found our own corner. I know that people who known us, they can tell the same. If people come up to us and say that we sound exactly like Helloween and Gamma Ray and bla bla bla, they don�t listen to our music.
ET � It seems like the power metal scene is very much in its second glory period. It is like the 80�s is back again. Do you agree?
CEDE � Well, since I was born in 79, it�s hard for me to say how the metal scene was in the eighties, hehehe. But, I mean its get better and better. Just check out a band like Nightwish for example. It�s incredible, although I don�t consider them being a real heavy metal band, if you know what I mean. It�s the same with Freedom Call too; we do have a lot of pop influences and stuff. But I think it gets better and better, because people are getting tired of the not-handmade music. They want to go back for the real thing, which is playing the guitar and beating your drum kit. You know, just do an honest music. I think that is what people want to hear these days, and that is why heavy metal is getting bigger again.
ET � And now over to something completely different; Metal musicians are well known for their soccer interest.
CEDE � Yes, but don�t ask me about Switzerland, hahahaha.
ET � Ok, I won�t hehe. Have you seen any of the matches from Euro 2004 in Portugal?
CEDE � Yes, I have seen a lot of them. We have been in Germany the last week doing some promotion. We were watching Germany of course. It depends if they are kicked out or not, hehe. But as a Swiss, I don�t really care if Germany wins or not, hehe. But if they don�t play too stupid, they will come far.
ET � Who do you think will win the Euro 2004?
CEDE � I would like to see France again, as I am half French. I mean that France do have a very good team or the Netherlands.
ET � Well, that�s what I have for you this time. Anything else you want to say to your fans in Norway?
CEDE � Hopefully we will see our heavy metal fans in Norway again and in the meantime they should check out Live Invasion. The waiting time for the next studio album won�t be too long and I think we will see everybody next year, hopefully.
CELEBRATUM –
ANCIENT –


I am a Portland, Oregon based environmental and exhibit designer with thirteen years of professional design experience, including architecture, film design and exhibit design. During the past year I have worked on an interactive exhibit - NFL Experience, in Times Square, NY, and a Los Angeles history exhibit at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles.
My diverse experience has made me a strong designer, with the ability to tell a story or represent a brand through a built experience. I thrive in a collaborative, creative working environment, enjoy wearing many hats and seeking out new knowledge and skills for the betterment of a project.


text:
<?php
/**
 *
 * User: Windows
 * Date: 2/25/14
 * Time: 12:30 PM
 *
 */

namespace UserProfileEditor\ViewHelper;

use UserAuc\Service\AuthenticationService;
use UserProfile\Domain\DbLayerConcrete\UserAggregate;
use UserProfile\Service\ProfileCacheService;
use Zend\Form\View\Helper\AbstractHelper;
use Zend\View\Helper\Url;

class UserImgResolver extends  AbstractHelper{

    protected $image_suffix = 'av_';

    protected $authService;

    protected $profileCacheService;

    protected $route = "prof_asset/profile_img";

    protected $user_aggregate;

    public function __invoke(){

        return $this;
    }

    public function has(){

        return $this->getAuthService()->getUserIdentify('user_id');
    }

    public function get($user_id = null){

        if($user_id === null){
            $user_id = $this->getAuthService()->getUserIdentify('id');
            if(!$user_id) return null;
        }

            $res = $this->getUserAggregate()->getProfile()
                ->findBy(array('user_id' => $user_id),array('profile_picture'));

        if(!$res) return null;

        $pic = explode('.',$res['profile_picture']);
        $pic_name = $pic[0];
        $format = $pic[1];
        $url = array(
            'action' => 'profileImg',
            'format' => $format,
            'pic_name' => $pic_name,
            'user_id' => $user_id
        );
       return $url;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed AuthenticationService
     */
    public function setAuthService($authService)
    {
        $this->authService = $authService;
    }
    /**
     * @return AuthenticationService
     */
    public function getAuthService()
    {
        return $this->authService;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $user_aggregate
     */
    public function setUserAggregate($user_aggregate)
    {
        $this->user_aggregate = $user_aggregate;
    }

    /**
     * @return UserAggregate
     */
    public function getUserAggregate()
    {
        return $this->user_aggregate;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function getRoute()
    {
        return $this->route;
    }

}


Moses and Aaron had clearly defined roles. Moses would be the leader of the children of Israel, but Aaron would be his mouthpiece since Moses felt limited by his speech impediment. Aaron would speak; Moses would take action. Aaron would make promises; Moses would deliver. The two brothers were a team bringing their strengths to the table and compensating for each other's weaknesses.
This being the case, the Jewish sages are puzzled when Aaron, not Moses, is commanded to bring about the first three plagues after warning Pharaoh. Wasn't this Moses' arena? Moses brought about the remainder of the plagues, so why not the first three?
The sages explain that while it should have been Moses who brought about the first three plagues, God made an exception for a very good reason. The reason? Gratitude.
The first two plagues involved striking the Nile. The first act turned it into blood, and the second brought the plague of frogs, which came out of the river. The Nile had been good to Moses. It had faithfully carried him safely as an infant into the arms of Pharaoh's daughter. Moses owed his life to the Nile. And so it was unfitting for him to harm it.
The third plague, lice, was brought about by striking the land. Moses was grateful to the land, too. When he killed the Egyptian, the land swallowed up the body to protect Moses from immediate harm, giving him time to flee to the desert for safety. Moses owed his life to the land as well.
In choosing Aaron to initiate the first three plagues, God was teaching Moses – and all of us – a powerful lesson about gratitude: If we have gratitude to inanimate objects, such as rivers and land, how much more so should we have gratitude to people! When we learn to be grateful for everything in our lives, we will know how to be grateful for the people in our lives, too.
The Israelites' slavery in Egypt began with ungratefulness – the Egyptians were ungrateful for the help that Joseph had given them. Their redemption began with gratitude.
Friends, redemption always begins with thankfulness. When we focus on life's challenges and all that we don't have in life, we miss all that we do have. We become blinded to our resources and opportunities. Take some time this week to appreciate all the gifts that we have in our lives – the things and the people. In doing so, we will take our first steps toward our personal freedom and an everlasting relationship with God.
Download our complimentary study on David and the Psalms for how Israel's greatest king expressed his deepest emotions to God through his words of thanksgiving, confession, petition, and praise.


text:
Proudhon
Mutualism
The Libertarian Labyrinth
Encounters with the Anarchist Idea / Tools for an Anarchist Entente
Contr'un
@ Beginnings
Sex Question
Saint-Ravachol
HomefictionLizzie M. Holmes, "A Type" (1902)
Lizzie M. Holmes, "A Type" (1902)
July 24, 2017 Shawn P. Wilbur fiction, The Sex Question
"A Type."
The slaves of slaves—can there be any greater depths of misery?
The story I have to tell to-day is of a commonplace little woman who would attract no one's attention for beauty, accomplishment or ability, who is merely a type of her class, and whose sorrows illustrate a principle.
Martha Westcott had once been a simple country girl, pretty in a fresh, youthful way, and was married when but sixteen to a neighboring country boy who had learned the carpenter's trade, preferring it to his father's occupation—farming. He had cherished some ambitions which he believed could be carried out in the city, and as this was but two or three years after the great Chicago fire and workers were in demand there, he found ample excuse to go. They established a home there, work was plenty, they laid up some money and were quite happy for a couple of years. But Joe Westcott worked too hard and when sickness attacked him his frame was too much exhausted to withstand it; a short, sharp struggle for life and he was conquered. Martha was left a young widow with a baby girl a year old, almost a child herself, a stranger in a great city, alone. Inexperienced and grief stricken as she was, the little money left her did not last more than a year and she realized that she must work to support herself and child. Her father was dead, her mother growing old and the two brothers left on the farm could barely wrest a living from their few mortgaged acres, so she could not turn to the home folks for help. She had always been "bandy with her needle" and she saw that she must depend upon her needle as a weapon with which to tight the "wolf from the door." But how?
She could not leave her baby all day alone to go and work in any of the down town establishments—she would not be allowed to take it with her. She made some inquiries of the few acquaintances she had made and found that not far from where she lived there was an elderly person, a dark and not agreeable looking man who brought work from the large manufacturies and let it out to women who were willing or so hard pushed that they had to work for what he was willing to pay. As she had no machine she could not take work home with her as some of them did; but the man did not object to her bringing her little girl provided she did not get into mischief or bother the other workers. So she rented a sewing machine of the "sweater" and agreed to come to work the next Monday. This on Friday and on Saturday she scrubbed and cleaned her little home, cooked and baked and mended up her own and the baby's clothes, and rested on Sunday to prepare herself for her new work. It was the last Sunday's rest she enjoyed for many a long weary day.
At the shop, which was a long, low-ceiled basement room lower than the street, she was shown to a corner which was henceforth to be hers. It was not far from the window and a sewing machine, a box and a chair stood there, and presently a boy brought her a bundle of calico wrappers already cut out. She had brought a little stool for Minnie, a simple picture book and a rag doll; the demure little girl took her seat dutifully, thoroughly imbued with the idea that she must "be good and as still as a little mouse." Mrs. Westcott found that the price paid for the wrappers was $1.15 per dozen. She sat and looked aghast at the flounces, ruffles find biased pieces which she must work into shape for that pitiful sum! Why, she had once made a wrapper for their landlord's wife, with no more work on it than these would require and had been paid $1.25 for the one. How could she live at all, she wondered. But one of the old hands told her she would get the knack of turning them off fast after two or three days and she could make enough to last her "through the dull season."
It was yet spring time and the weather still cool and fresh. The workroom had recently been cleaned and whitewashed—probably the proprietor hadn't stood in with the inspector, or had kept so marvelously dirty a place that something had to be done with it. At first the place and the work were not so bad. While little Minnie sat on her stool big-eyed and solemn and gazed at her surroundings, studying the faces and movements of those about her, or pouring over her book or nursing her doll, Martha carefully assorted her pieces, and with great pains anal nicety fitted the parts together until one of the garments was finished; the examiner smilingly accepted it, as well she might. Martha had worked over two days, forming a garment for which she received a fraction over ten cents!
This would never do, she reflected. She thought she had worked fast, and she certainly had idled no time away. She spent a little time in watching the other women and learned something. The next bundle she opened she took out the sleeves of all and made them, then other parts, etc., she oiled her machine well, made the stitch long and rather loose, and instead of basting bias piece, piping and ruffle together into place, she put them all under the feed together, turned down edges as best she could as she worked, trusting to luck to get them somewhere near what they ought to be. You can see how it is done, my lady readers, if you will examine any factory made garment you may have access to, but don't blame the working girls, for they scarcely live by toiling twelve and fourteen hours a day. Mrs. Westcott would have delighted in making her work pretty and perfect; it made her sick to look at the work on the next three which she made in two days. But William Morris said "the poor have no time to be artistic," and it is all too true.
Still, this was not working swiftly enough. She found that some of the women made four, live and even six wrappers a day, and she determined that what others could do she could accomplish. She began at seven in the morning, having to get up at live to do so, trained her muscles to move more swiftly than she had ever supposed possible, to never lose a motion, to never look up, running her machine up to its full capacity, and finally succeeded in accomplishing the feat of making four of these finished wrappers in a day. The buttonholes, were made on a machine by another machine in human guise, but she must sew on buttons; don't wonder then that buttons fall off when you touch them on a ready-made garment.
But poor little Minnie! She grew tired of calling softly to mamma, "Look, mamma, des' a minute," and so sat patient, silent and pathetic, all day long, sometimes fitting bright scraps of calico together "workin' lite mamma," sometimes giving her doll kisses and caresses she longed for from her mother, and occasionally laying her cheek against her mother's dress for a few minutes. Sometimes in the afternoon she dropped from her stool to the floor asleep. Then mamma had to pause long enough to put a roll of work under her head for a pillow and compose her body as comfortably as she could, on the bare floor.
But the hot summer days came on apace. The shop grew dusty and dirty, and more dusty and dirty every day, and the air closer, hotter and more odorous. It seemed harder each day for the workers to "get up speed" when the sun poured in through the uncurtained windows and the unscreened door while the flies drearily buzzed around and settled on their sweaty necks and faces. Minnie began to droop like a flower. Her delicate pink cheeks which had been so plump and beautiful became thin and white and the blue veins showed all too plainly through the transparent temples. She ate scarcely anything and could not be tempted by the plain food her mother was able to get for her. One day she slipped to the floor suddenly and lay there very still. Her mother hurriedly picked her up and held her to her breast—she was not asleep. For the blue eyes were half open and her chin fell helplessly with the blue lips open.
"My God! I am killing my child just to make a bare living!"
A woman hastened forward to help her, and she went after a cup of water. With chafing her little hands, wetting the forehead and pouring a little between her lips, they brought her to consciousness presently.
"Rock me, des' a minute, mamma," she murmured and nestled her face close to her mother's breast.
A pang of sharp agony pierced that mother's bosom. Her baby needed her—she might die and she could not take her where the fresh air blew and flowers and trees rustled and murmured of courage and hope. To cease that terrible toil meant pennilessness, even for a week. But she must take her baby home for that day at least, and she began to gather up their few belongings. Then the elderly man who run the shop came in and noticed her silting idly with her baby lying white and still in her lap.
"Why, what is the matter, Mrs. Westcott? Oh, your baby sick?" He looked at her disagreeably and sharply tor a moment.
"Say, I will send you home in a carriage, you stay at home and take care of her. I will see that you have what you need."
Scarcely comprehending this unlooked for kindness, dazed and troubled, Martha passively accepted and carried Minnie to the carriage when it came and got in with her. A doctor arrived soon after they reached home and left some medicine for Minnie, and more wonderful still, later in the day a grocer called and left fresh fruit and vegetables; and a butcher called and left some tender young lamb for a stew. Mrs. Westcott wondered but felt so concerned and anxious for her child that she didn't try to realize what it all meant.
But that evening her employer called; he looked unusually fine, and the smile with which he greeted her made him more disagreeable than ever. He inquired about her child, sympathized with her loneliness and the necessity of her. working so hard; in spite of her coldness and silence he seemed determined to remain, and it became a problem to Martha how she was to get rid of him. But at last as she seemed absorbed in her sick child he suavely took his leave, telling her "not to worry, that he would be a good friend to her." But the next day he came again and he was much more difficult to deal with. Martha could scarcely escape his kindness and by the time she had managed to get him to leave on the plea that her baby needed quiet and rest, she was trembling and weak with fear. She had not dared to be stern and severe as he had been so kind to her little girl and perhaps he meant disinterested friendship only. But she made up her mind that day, for Minnie was much better. She left her with the landlady for a couple of hours, went out and found another room, a furnished one with a tree in sight and a little square of backward grass on the cast side of the house where Minnie could sometimes play. The next morning she carried Minnie in her arms with a basket slung over her side and thus "moved away" to her new abode. She dared not hire a wagon to take her things for fear she would be tracked. She was to come back for more of her personal belongings, but the few articles of furniture she possessed, she left to pay a small indebtedness to her landlady.
As soon as Minnie was well enough to be left to herself a little, Martha again started out to work. She had but a few pennies left; there was a small sum coming to her at the old shop but she would not go back after it. Besides she declared to herself, she would pay all that that terrible man had spent for her somehow, some day, at any sacrifice short of starving Minnie.
After some fatiguing and anxious search she found a place where they would allow her to take home linen dusters to make at 25 cents a piece, these to be made with plenty of stitching around the edges, the pockets, sleeves, lapels and straps, and plenty of big pearl buttons to sew on. She rented a second-hand sewing machine and had it sent to her room, and so commenced the hard fight with the wolf again. Her machine would cost her half a dollar a week, her room one dollar, and nothing but those dearly earned quarters to pay that with nnd to buy food enough of some kind for herself and Minnie.
She made poor headway at first. When she found that she had completed but two in three days she fell into a sort ot panic. Her little girl would be out in the street homeless at that rate in a short time. She tried in such frenzy to make greater speed that she accomplished nothing. Then collected herself, grew calm, and prayed tor strength anil fortitude, examined her work more closely to see where she could gain time, and after a few days' experience found she could manufacture a little more than three a day. When she earned $4 a week she felt quite wealthy and Minnie could have to eat whatever she wanted. But she accomplished this by working all the daylight hours with an incredible swiftness, without looking away from her work for a moment. She took no time to talk to or pet poor little Minnie, and as for joys or recreations for herself, she ceased to dream of them. She was forgetting all she ever knew, she had no time for friendships and she was becoming a mere machine out of which her employers reaped profits. Well, what else are the poor for?
One evening she ventured to steal a little walk around the block with Minnie; it was too dark to sew and it did not pay to burn a lamp. Usually she worked about the little room at this hour of the day, but to-night she felt extravagant with time and dissipated to the extent of idling for thirty minutes. In a street beyond her home she saw an advertisement in a window for hands in a dressmaker's shop. She reflected that dressmaking paid better than ready made garments and resolved to try there for work. She entered and asked to see the person who wanted help. After sometime spent in waiting she was shown to a door which opened as she approached to let out a young girl who, as Martha could see, was weeping. This did not seem very encouraging but she went on. A lady stood near the table, with brilliant black eyes and a stylish figure rather showily dressed; she looked angry and excited when Martha first saw her but she was soon speaking as sweetly and smilingly as though she could never be excited.
"Oh, yes, she could have work, certainly," she said, "What could she do?'" and Martha answering that "she had done all kinds of sewing" seemed to satisfy her. What did she pay? "Well, that depended; she paid all one was worth to her; some accomplished so much more than others. She might come for a week and try it. A little girl? Well, she could do no harm, if she could keep her out cf mischief she might bring her and let her sit in a corner beside her." So it was arranged and Martha quite pleased at the prospect of earning better wages and working less hard went home to finish up her last linen ulster.
Martha found the change pleasant at first—there was more going on, the girls were allowed to talk if not too loud, and some of them seemed attractive and pleasant. Visitors often came to see how their dresses were progressing. Minnie seemed pleased and sat demurely as ever on her stool in the corner, but with wide open eyes and ears. But it was all hurry and bustle after all. Martha had to come back" to her old habits of neatness and painstaking, but she discovered that great haste was expected of her. The girls, she noticed, took but ten minutes for lunch and did not quit work until half-past six, though they were supposed to stop at six. On Saturday Martha waited to get a chance to speak to her employer as she saw no signs of a general pay hour. She wanted to know how much she had earned and to get it as she needed it to pay room rent and for food. "Oh. yes," the hurried mistress says, "but I really cannot tell you to-night. I haven't made out yet just what you have done, and I have thousand things to attend on Saturday evening. Please come to work next week and as soon as possible 1 will attend to you. 1'ou are a good accommodating woman, 1 know, and will not bother me to-night," and she was gently pushed out of the room feeling almost guilty that she had annoyed the hurried woman when she was so busy.
So she came back and worked the next week without bothering the lady. She noticed that old girls kept disappearing and new ones coming and that loud words were sometimes heard coming from behind the closed door, and that girls came out looking angry, sullen or despondent according to their natures. She also had noticed that the card advertising for new hands continually remained in the window, below stairs. But she said nothing until another Saturday night came. Then she met with the same excuse and hurried apology. But she stood her ground more firmly this time. "I must have some money," she exclaimed. "I have gone in debt and must pay. 1 have a little girl who cannot go hungry. You must pay me something if you can't tell how much I have earned. "I cannot do it, I tell you; come next Monday night; I am never so harrassed on that night," and then Martha found herself being literally pushed out of the room and the door closed upon her. She met upon the threshold the same young woman she had seen leaving the place crying two weeks before, and with her a stalwart young man with a handsome and determined looking face. They were presently admitted behind the closed door and she thought she would linger in the now deserted work room and see how they fared. She heard voices, a low smooth bass voice mingling with a shriller one, but very soon they came out and the girl was putting some money in her purse. They noticed Martha's wistful looks and came toward her. "Does she owe you, too?" asked the girl in a friendly tone. "Yes, for two week's work, but she claims she is too busy to settle with me." "An old trick of hers," said the young man. "That is the way she gets her work done—keeps a standing advertisement for hands and keeps each one as long as she can without paying her, without telling what she will pay or pays so little that the girl cannot remain. The worker finally gets discouraged, goes away and never receives a cent. She shall be shown up. I mean to write to the papers about her and if ladies wish to do a good turn for the working girls, they will cease to patronize her."
Martha went out in company with the girl and her brother. They exchanged confidences and told one another where they lived. The girl agreed to go with her when she went after her money, and the young man said he would see that she got it.
On Monday the following Martha did not go to work. She well-deserved and needed a day's rest with her baby, but she could not afford it for she was out of money and in debt. On the evening mentioned the young girl she had met came to her loom and they started away together leaving Minnie with a neighbor, who had been thus kind before.
After considerable difficulty they succeeded in being shown to "the madame" and this lady in half undress, immediately shoved $3 into her hands and said "she was so busy and—"
"What is this for?" asked Martha, sharply.
"Why, your wages, to be sure."
"This for two weeks' work, twelve long days?"
"Well, really, that was all you were worth to me—you know you are not an experienced dressmaker."
"If I had not a little child who must be fed, I would throw this in your face."
Madame blazed up, her eyes and cheeks aglow.
"You dare to talk so to me! You get out of here, you—you huzzy."
Martha's companion stepped between her and the woman. "You remember," she said, "what my brother said to you. Be a little careful how you abuse girls because they must work for a living. There are unions in this city who take the part of defenseless sewing girls. Be careful how you act, or your establishment will soon be a thing of the past."
"You threaten? I'll call the police! I'll have you arrested! Clear out of here, you"
"You have offered me 25 cents a day. In one afternoon I made a skirt that I saw you get $5 for."
"Will you pay Mrs. Westcott $1 a day for her work here?"
"I will not. I wonder what you take me for?"
"At first, for an honorable woman, but we have been deceived."
"I give you fair warning to pay this woman decent wages now, and this will be the last of this matter. If not you will be sorry."
The woman only began to denounce them and ordered them out of doors, and they deliberately did so.
A letter appeared in one of the leading dailies concerning this woman and asking that patrons avoid a woman who got her work done for nothing out of poor desperate women who so needed work that they had no time to investigate matters. Two weeks after her signs were down and the place was deserted, no one knew exactly why, but she left.
Some happiness always comes into the lives of the poor, through their struggle seldom ceases for a day. The acquaintance thus begun ripened into affectionate regard, and the young man is trying to win poor Martha for a wife. She is still sewing, trying to drive with desperate haste the wolf from the door, but will no doubt become a homekeeper instead. But be sure she will never forget the "sweat shop victim," the poor "slave of a slave."
Lizzie M. Holmes.
La Veta, Colo.
Lizzie M. Holmes, "A Type," The Tailor 13 no. 1 (August 1902): 9–12.
Lizzie M. Holmes
About Shawn P. Wilbur	2309 Articles
Independent scholar, translator and archivist.
Lizzie M. Holmes, "Hard Working Philander Peppers" (1902)
Lizzie M. Holmes, "The 'Slummers'" (1902)
Voltairine de Cleyre, "A Rocket of Iron" (1902)
August 11, 2017 Shawn P. Wilbur fiction, The Sex Question
It was one of those misty October nightfalls of the north, when the white fog creeps up from the river, and winds itself like a corpse-sheet around the black, ant-like mass of human insignificance, a […]
The Sex Question
Lizzie M. Holmes, "Trade Unionism the Only Hope" (1906)
July 24, 2017 Shawn P. Wilbur The Sex Question
Trade Unionism The Only Hope. IT SHOULD be self-evident that in trade unionism the toiler finds his only hope and security while we live under the commercial system which reigns today. Sugar coat it as […]
Working Translations
Paraf-Javal, "The Rights of Man and the Law" (1902)
June 18, 2019 Shawn P. Wilbur Working Translations
If man has rights, it is not to demand of the law — (that is to say of the arbitrary wills of others) — the permission to have them. He must determine them logically and exercise them freely, if necessary despite the law […]
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Anarchy 101 Q&A


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News & screenings
Jarreth Merz studied directing at the New York University and with Salem Ludwig at HB-Studio in New York.
In 2006 he founded Urban Republic Films. Projects include:Abeka Junction, a mystery thriller/family drama set in Africa that he developed with his brother Kevin Merz, and Spurlos, a mystery thriller/family drama set in Switzerland and based on a true story.
Merz co-produced Nightshift, a film by Shari Yantra Marcacci and Yantra Films. The duo is currently working on Little Tokyo Hotel, a lyrical drama set in Los Angeles and Room 411, the story of a bipolar concert pianist set in New York.
In 2005 Merz co-founded The Cell Film Production.
Merz is a Swiss born actor, director and producer. He grew up in Ghana, Germany and Switzerland and speaks five languages fluently. He is known for his portrayal of Simon of Cyrene in Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ and his recurring role as Charles Baruani in ER.
Merz has worked extensively in film, television and theater. Most recently, he directed and produced The Soul of Ashanti for the Africa Channel in Los Angeles and Mousy Brown, a narrative short. He is currently working on a bio pic about the life of Russian poet Alexander Pushkin.
Email: info@anafricanelection.com


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About The Young Atheist's Handbook
This is a book for anyone who thinks about what they should believe and how they should live. It's for those who may need the facts and the ideas, as well as the courage, to break free from inherited beliefs. In this powerful narrative, Alom Shaha shows that it is possible to live a compassionate, fulfilling, and meaningful life without God.
'A very special book.' — Stephen Fry
'A book that destroys the cliche of the atheist as joyless rationalist and shows the humanity, love, and concern that often lies behind godless thinking.' — Robin Ince, writer and comedian
"More than just a great handbook, this is an honest and often very moving story about valuing truth over hope, even in the face of grief." — Tim Minchin, comedian
'Illuminates the route to a better destination for all those who seek what Alom found, namely, that precious liberty of mind which makes its possessor open to all good things.' — A.C. Grayling, philosopher and author
'A touching personal account that makes for a courageous and compelling read. This is among the most powerful and convincing arguments against religion that I have come across, and it is written in a way that is never patronising or trivialising.' — Professor Jim Al-Khalili OBE, physicist and broadcaster
Alom Shaha grew up in a strict Bangladeshi Muslim community in South-East London in the 1970s and 80s. He was expected to go to mosque regularly and recite passages in Arabic from the Quran, without being told what they meant. Alom spent his teenage years juggling two utterly different worlds: a chaotic, sometimes funny, sometimes tragic family life on a council estate, and that of a student at a privileged private school set amongst the idyllic green playing fields of Dulwich.
In a charming blend of memoir, philosophy, and science, Alom explores the questions about faith and the afterlife that we all ponder. Through a series of loose 'lessons', he tells his own compelling story, drawing on the theories of some of history's greatest thinkers and interrogating the fallacies that have impeded humanity for centuries. Alom recounts how his education and formative experiences led him to question how to live without being tied to what his parents, priests, or teachers told him to believe, and offers insights so that others may do the same.
Follow @alomshaha
Luan Dec 19, 2015 Reply
Depends. For the book that's inside of *me*, I need to talk to pelope, and some pelope won't talk (or I don't want to ask) unless I have a book deal, which I won't have without an agent, which I won't have without a clear outline/proposal, which I find hard to do without talking to pelope. Vicious cycle. Will figure it out some day.
Email (Required, but not published)


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Q: XGBoost doesn't generate as many tree as specified in the num_round parameter This is not a bug but a question to understand. When I call getModelDump from the Booster object, I don't get as many trees as I have in "num_round" parameter. I was thinking if "num_round" is 100 then, XGBoost will generate 100 trees sequentially and I will see all these trees when I call getModelDump. I am sure there is a logical reason behind or my knowledge is wrong. Could you please explain this situation?
val paramMap = List(
      "eta" -> 0.1, "max_depth" -> 7, "objective" -> "binary:logistic", "num_round" ->100,
      "eval_metric" -> "auc", "nworkers" -> 8).toMap
    val xgboostEstimator = new XGBoostEstimator(paramMap)
//TrainModel is another set of standard Spark features like StringIndexer, OnehotEncoding and VectorAssembler
    val pipelineXGBoost = new Pipeline().setStages(Array(trainModel, xgboostEstimator))
    val cvModel = pipelineXGBoost.fit(train)
//Below call generates only 2 tree instead of 100 as num_round is 100!!!
    println(cvModel.stages(1).asInstanceOf[XGBoostClassificationModel].booster.getModelDump()(0))

Github link to the question https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/issues/2610
Versions are as below using scala 2.11
  "ml.dmlc" % "xgboost4j" % "0.7",
  "ml.dmlc" % "xgboost4j-spark" % "0.7",
  "org.apache.spark" %% "spark-core" % "2.2.0",
  "org.apache.spark" %% "spark-sql" % "2.2.0",
  "org.apache.spark" %% "spark-graphx" % "2.2.0",
  "org.apache.spark" %% "spark-mllib" % "2.2.0",

A: I wasn't getting (0.. num_round) from the result of getModelDump. Every index corresponds to another tree.
answered in link https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/issues/2610

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The main purpose of this module is provide all the functionality realted to students. It tracks all the information and details of the student. We have developed all type of CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete) operations of the students. This is a role based module where admin can perform each and every operations on data but the student will be able to view only his/her data, so access level restrictions has also been implemented on the project.
The main purpose for developing this module is to manage the fees of the students course wise. Fees module is the main module in this project Student Fees Payment System. These are python online projects which student can easily configure it and learn a lot from these. So all fees will be managed by admin or faculty and student will be able able to see only his/her fees record. Admin can see the list of all fees and filter it according to the students.
Student Pay Fees : This is the Student pay fees form where Student can easily pay fees.
Student Payment Fees : This is student payment fees form.


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Universal Display to establish OLED lighting pilot facility
Date Announced: 14 May 2010
-- Universal Display Team Awarded $4 Million Contract from the U.S. Department of Energy to Support Establishment of an OLED Lighting Pilot Manufacturing Facility in the U.S.
EWING, N.J. -- Universal Display Corporation (NASDAQ: PANL - News), enabling energy-efficient displays and lighting with its UniversalPHOLED™ technology and materials, today announced that the company, along with Moser Baer Technologies, has been awarded $4,000,000 for a two-year program from the United States Department of Energy (DOE) under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 for a program titled "Creation of a U.S. Phosphorescent OLED Lighting Panel Manufacturing Facility."
Under the new program, Universal Display will demonstrate the scalability of its proprietary UniversalPHOLED technology and materials for the manufacture of white OLED lighting panels that meet commercial lighting targets. Moser Baer Technologies, a U.S. subsidiary of Moser Baer India, will design and build the U.S.-based pilot facility during this program.
Demonstrated to provide up to a four times improvement in energy efficiency, UniversalPHOLED technology and materials have become a key element for OLED displays and lighting products in the market and those under development. Through their use, power-efficient white PHOLEDs have the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption, environmental impacts and white lighting costs.
"This new U.S. DOE program represents a very important step towards the establishment of high-volume manufacturing of white OLED lighting panels in the U.S.," stated Steven V. Abramson, President and Chief Executive Officer of Universal Display. "We are delighted to have this opportunity to team with Moser Baer Technologies, with its experienced leadership in manufacturing of thin-film, high-volume products. By combining our highly-efficient UniversalPHOLED technology and materials with Moser Baer Technologies' proprietary manufacturing technology, we believe that the new pilot facility can demonstrate a cost-effective route to high-volume production of energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly white OLED lighting products, which in turn can serve as a basis for new manufacturing investment and job growth in the U.S."
Universal Display is the recognized leader in phosphorescent OLED technology and materials. With a comprehensive patent and know how portfolio that covers these and other OLED technologies broadly on a worldwide basis, Universal Display has developed a series of proprietary, phosphorescent emitter products that offer state-of-the-art performance for displays and lighting products.
This two-year program is part of the DOE's long-term commitment to advancing the development and introduction of energy-efficient white OLED lighting sources for general illumination. White OLED lighting is viewed as a technology that can introduce highly-efficient, innovative lighting solutions to reduce the global carbon footprint of residential and commercial lighting. According to industry estimates, electric bills for lighting alone are over $200 billion per year on a worldwide basis. It has been estimated that by 2016, white OLEDs could generate well over $20 billion in worldwide savings of electricity costs and could save over nine million metric tons of carbon emissions from the U.S. alone.
To see how Universal Display Corporation is changing the face of the display and lighting industries, please visit the Company at http://cts.businesswire.com/ct/CT?id=smartlink&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.universaldisplay.com&esheet=6286846&lan=en_US&anchor=www.universaldisplay.com&index=1&md5=c49ded9929d8a3076af36b6d9d692559.
About Universal Display Corporation
Universal Display Corporation (Nasdaq: PANL - News) is a leader in developing and delivering state-of-the-art, organic light emitting device (OLED) technologies, materials and services to the display and lighting industries. Founded in 1994, the company currently owns or has exclusive, co-exclusive or sole license rights with respect to more than 1,000 issued and pending patents worldwide. Universal Display licenses its proprietary technologies, including its breakthrough high-efficiency UniversalPHOLED™ phosphorescent OLED technology, that can enable the development of low power and eco-friendly displays and white lighting. The company also develops and offers high-quality, state-of-the-art UniversalPHOLED materials that are recognized as key ingredients in the fabrication of OLEDs with peak performance. In addition, Universal Display delivers innovative and customized solutions to its clients and partners through technology transfer, collaborative technology development and on-site training.
Based in Ewing, New Jersey, Universal Display works and partners with a network of world-class organizations, including Princeton University, the University of Southern California, the University of Michigan, and PPG Industries, Inc. The company has also established relationships with companies such as AU Optronics Corporation, Chi Mei EL Corporation, DuPont Displays, Inc., Konica Minolta Technology Center, Inc., LG Display Co., Ltd., Samsung Mobile Display Co, Ltd., Seiko Epson Corporation, Sony Corporation, Showa Denko K.K., and Tohoku Pioneer Corporation.
About Moser Baer Technologies
Moser Baer Technologies is a wholly owned subsidiary of Moser Baer India Limited, established to carry out R&D relating to clean and energy efficient technology in the U.S.
Universal Display Corporation Dean Ledger, 800-599-4426 Gregory FCA Communications Investor contact: Paul Johnson, 610-228-2113
E-mail:paul@gregoryfca.com
Web Site:www.universaldisplay.com


Need to stretch your apps budget? Here are 56 iPhone, iPad and iPod touch apps that just went on sale.
This app deal alert includes European War 3, Worms 1 & 2, Worms Crazy Golf, Great Little War Game, Gold Miner, Cow abduction, Celestial Defense, Photo Measures, Secret Photo+Folder, Live Cams Pro, and many others.


Noisey releases thet trailer on Pen & Pixel whom were behind thousands of covers in the 90s and early 00s for dirty South artists such as Master P, Ghetto Boys & Lil Wayne. They were the ones to invent the term "bling bling". Noisey documents the founder & head designer, from their rise to success, trailblazing digital desktop publication before anyone, and it's fall from dirty south fame.


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Frontwomen-led metalcore and thrash metal outfit with a debut album called Goliath which charted at No. 3 on the Billboard Heatseeker chart. It was also No. 112 on the Billboard 200.
The two leading ladies of the group released a comic book at Comic Con International in July of 2011.
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Heidi Shepherd, 37
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