Gene Dyke's 2:55:17 marathon in Toronto last week, at age 70, was only 29 seconds outside Ed Whitlock's phenomenal 70-74 age-group world record of 2:54:48 set at age 73. The similarities and differences in their background and training raise interesting issues about the optimum marathon training, and about the way to achieve longevity as a distance runner.
I have discussed Ed's training and racing here on this site on a number of occasions, using material based on interviews and on his own frequent comments posted on the Let's Run website. In my most detailed analysis of his training and reasons for his phenomenal performance, I speculated that not only was he endowed with genes that favoured longevity, but also I considered that a large part of his success was a gradual build-up of training volume after 'down-time', and his care to avoid wear and tear on his body.
But it is informative to take a somewhat broader view of the backgrounds of these two runners and the transitions that led to each of them becoming phenomenal septuagenarians.
School days and beyond into early middle age.
Both were school-boy athletes. Gene told Erin Fitzgerald that he became interested in running at age 13 because he fancied a girl who lived 3 miles away. In high school, and subsequently in college, he ran track. In his interview with Greg Lemos-Stein he admitted that he was 'blown off the track' at college. After leaving college he continued to run but he described himself to Erin Fitzgerald as a 'sometime jogger' until 1997 when, at age 49, he ran the marathon in his adopted home town, Philadelphia. He finished injured and did not run again for 6 years. Up to that point, there was little evidence of greatness ahead.
Ed ran both on track and cross country as a school boy in England. At that stage he was a gifted distance runner but not extraordinary. He ran a mile in 4:31 and on one occasion beat Gordon Pirie in a cross country race. He gave up running at University due to recurrent Achilles problems. He moved to Canada after leaving university, and returned to track running in his early forties. Although his main focus was on the track, he ran the Ottawa marathon in 2:31:23 at age 48, 1979. This was based on a winter of high mileage base-building in preparation for middle distance track the following summer. After some speed work on the track, he won the M45 world masters 1500m championship in 4:09. It was clear by then that he was not only a gifted distance runner, across the spectrum of distances from 1500m to marathon, but was also showing evidence of the ability to withstand ageing.
Gene began running again in 2003 in response to encouragement by a group of friends. In the following 10 years he raced fairly regularly and by age 65 had achieved a creditable marathon best of 3:16. His training was predominantly high volume at a modest pace. In 2013 he ran the Toronto marathon, hoping to improve his time but was disappointed to finish in 3:29. He wondered if age had caught up with him, but decided to have a final attempt to see if he could find a better runner within himself. He hired a coach, John Goldthorp, who lived in a different suburb of Philadelphia. His coach presented him with a program of mixed content, including some more intense running. A substantial number of his sessions were at a pace faster than marathon pace. He rose to the challenge. Within 5 months of joining John Goldthorp, he ran 3:09 in Boston.
He nonetheless continued to run ultra-marathons, though these were primarily oriented towards building a base for the marathon. He has run an amazing 2800 miles per year in the past two years. He runs several 200 mile races per year at an average pace of around 2 miles per hour (3 mph average moving pace). Typically he runs multiple ultras and then spend eight to 12 weeks converting the fitness from that base training into the speed required for the marathon. Even during this period of sharpening-up he still runs some ultras. Not uncommonly he runs an ultra within the week preceding a marathon.
In April 2018, a few days after his 70th birthday, he ran a 2:57:43 marathon in Rotterdam. Eight days later, he ran 3:16:20 in Boston. He reports that he had felt strong in the final stages in Rotterdam. While running a creditable time in Boston only 8 days after Rotterdam is a remarkable testimony to his powers of recovery, I am nonetheless inclined to wonder whether or not running Boston so soon after Rotterdam was perhaps pushing his faith in his power of recovery a little too far. I will return to this speculation later. Whatever the wisdom of running Boston so soon after Rotterdam, he was clearly in fine fettle 6 months later when he took a further 2 minutes 26 seconds off his personal best with his time of 2:55:17 in Toronto.
In his sixties, Ed developed his own training program without a coach. Whereas previously he had done a lot of speed work on the track, he increased the volume of training, mainly in the sheltered surroundings of a local cemetery. He focused on long slow runs most days of the week. He reduced the speed work, largely relying on occasional fartlek session and frequent races. He typically ran 30 races over distances of 5k to15 K per year, and used his pace in these races to assess his marathon readiness.
In his frequent long runs, which were typically of 2 to 3 hours in duration he did not measure the distance and purposely kept the speed down. In contrast to the powerful fluent stride he exhibited during the shorter races, his stride during these long runs was a shuffle, intended to minimise impact forces on his legs. In 2003 at age 72, he became the first person over the age of 70 to run a sub-three hour marathon when he ran 2:59:09 in the Toronto Waterfront Marathon. He increased the duration of his long slow runs in the following year. In the 20 weeks prior to his phenomenal performance of 2:54:48 in the 2004 Waterfront Marathon he did 67 three hour runs, including 18 on consecutive days.
During the subsequent 13 years he continued to focus on frequent long slow runs. He increased the duration of his longest runs up to 4 hours. Nonetheless he continued to race at distances from 1500m to marathon. He set 36 five year age-group world records and in addition, a large number of single year age world records. Those that are missing from his list largely reflect the occasional years in which he suffered accidental injury or recurrence of the arthritis in his knee. Whenever he returned to running, he built up his mileage gradually.
In retrospect, there were pointers indicating that all was not well even as he completed the Toronto marathon. In an interview for the New York Times in December 2016 he admitted that he had lost about 10 lbs in weight in recent months and was aware of increasing loss of muscular strength. As discussed in greater detail in my post shortly after his death, the loss of 10 lbs in weight and loss of strength was perhaps an early sign of the cachexia of malignant disease.
The marathon occupies a special place among distance events. It demands the ability to sustain a pace not far from lactate threshold for several hours, while also requiring the resilience to withstand the stress on the muscles and connective tissues of the legs arising from the impact at each footfall repeated thirty-thousand fold. Ed and Gene differed in the balance of their natural abilities to handle these twin demands.
Ed's natural gift was the ability to sustain a pace at or above the lactate threshold. This natural ability was evident in his performance as a school boy athlete; as a 'young' veteran who won the M45 world masters 1500m championship at age 49; and in the multiple world age group records he set across the range of distances from 1500m to marathon in his 70's and 80's . However, to become a great marathoner he needed to develop the resilience required for the marathon. For this he developed his training program with its focus largely on long slow running with a shuffling gait. He steadily built-up his ability to run for several hours four or more times a week, in the sheltered environment the cemetery within easy reach of his home should any misadventure occur. He nonetheless maintained his natural capacity to sustain pace at or above lactate threshold well-honed by frequently racing at distances from 5K to 15K.
In contrast, Gene's strength appears to be remarkable resilience that allows him to run massive distances and to recover quickly. He had described himself in a mildly disparaging way as a jogger during his young adult life. Racing a marathon at age 49 left him wrecked. After recommencing running 6 years later, he worked on building his capacity to recover by participating in repeated long distance events. In this respect his approach bore some similarity to Ed's, but in contrast to Ed's care to avoid wear and tear, he was more cavalier. In part, this might have reflected a tough mental approach. In his interview with Erin Fitzgerald in 2015, he responded to her question about getting through the tough times: 'In marathons and beyond, when I have a lot of time to listen to my legs begging me to stop, I think back at them, "This is why I do this." ' His extraordinary ability to recover from prodigious feats of endurance is evidenced by completion of the 'triple crown' of three of North America's iconic 200 mile events in a single year. In this, mental attitude again played a role. In response to a question from Brenn Jones posted on-line following his interview with Greg Lemos-Stein in 2018, Gene wrote: 'With respect to 200's, the fatigue can get profound, and the sleep deprivation is awful, but the total immersion in stunning scenery and the journey from one point to another, a point that starts out seeming an unfathomable distance away, will haunt you forever, but only in the very best way.' In the past two years he has not only run 2800 miles each year, but those massive mileages included 1300 miles of racing per year. While systematic build-up and mental attitude no doubt played a role, it is almost certain that Gene was endowed with a remarkable natural gift that allowed his body to adapt to these prodigious demands.
However, to become a great marathoner he needed not only resilience, but also the capacity to sustain paces in vicinity of lactate threshold. To address this need his coach John Goldthorp introduced running at marathon pace or faster into his program five years ago. Within five months he was transformed from a mid-pack marathoner to an elite.
Ed and Gene have followed different paths to achieving a sub-three hour marathon in their early 70's. What does the future hold for Gene?
Ed remained on the pinnacle of veteran distance running for a total of 18 years from his 2:51 marathon at Columbus Ohio in 1999 at age 68, until his 3:56:38 in Toronto in 2017 at age 85, shortly before his death a few months later. It is very likely that a combination of good genes and the care with which he avoided wear and tear on his body played a large part in this. But it is noteworthy that in absolute terms he was not on a pinnacle in his early 70's; in fact Ed was actually on a descending ridge rather than a peak during those years, albeit a ridge higher than any other runner had traversed. He was merely managing to hold the inevitable age-related decline at bay much more successfully than any person before him. He had shown a striking up-turn in performance between age 70 and 73, taking more than 5 minutes off his performance over those three years, but this was due in part to a relatively poor performance at age 70 (though nonetheless an age group world record at the time).
Gene, in contrast, is on an ascending ridge. His 2:55:17 in Toronto in October was a life-time personal best. It remains to be seen whether in fact he has actually reached his personal summit. However the fact that he finished so strongly in Rotterdam in March and might possibly have done better in Toronto if he had not slightly misjudged his pace in the earlier stages, indicates that he is capable of an even faster time. I think the odds are in favour of continuing improvement over the next few years.
How Gene fares in the longer term future might tell us something important about the feats of endurance the human body can achieve with a lucky set of genes and an effective approach to training. As I have discussed on this site over the past few years, there is quite strong evidence that in at least some individuals, extreme endurance activities are associated with long term damage to the body. There is an increased risk of heart rhythm disturbances and possibly calcification of coronary arteries. The mechanism probably involves chronic inflammation induced by repeated stress.
However, there is some evidence that the damage can be alleviated by a careful build up. Weakening of the right side of the heart after a marathon is less likely in those who have trained adequately. That evidence is entirely consistent with the common-place observation that an excessive increase in training load can leave us with dramatic DOMS lasting several days, whereas if we build up gradually we can minimize DOMS. This reflects the fact that acute inflammation is body's natural mechanism for repairing damage; it is the mechanism by which many of the benefits of training are achieved. But if the stress is prolonged, acute inflammation can become chronic, leading to persisting damage. The art of training is harnessing acute inflammation without precipitating chronic inflammation.
Gene emphasizes that he has trained his body to recover well by regularly challenging it. To my mind, the challenges to which he subjects his body go far beyond what most of us could cope with. Racing in the Boston marathon only 8 days after his herculean performance in Rotterdam at age 70 seemed to me to be risky. It appears that the combination of his genes and his training have given him a unique capacity to recover and perhaps also to withstand the ageing process. His progress over the past five years already challenges us to re-appraise what is possible for an elderly runner. If indeed he continues to defy the ageing process for another decade or more, his example will justify a radical re-appraisal.
Although the genes that govern ageing are only poorly understood, it does appear that a very large number of genes each contribute a small amount to the process. Therefore whatever genetic advantage Gene has is likely to come from a combination of many favourable genetic variations that place him as the extreme of a continuous spectrum, rather than as the result of a rare single genetic variation that has placed him in a unique category. If he is merely at the far end of a genetic spectrum along which most of us lie, one might expect that many of us might benefit to at least some extent, from more determined efforts to build up our resilience. If however his brilliance fades quickly, his meteoric rise will carry the warning that the more cautious path of Ed Whitlock might be a better approach to maximizing longevity as a runner.
You are currently browsing the Canute's Efficient Running Site blog archives for November, 2018.


Home > Products > Main Entrance Apt. House, No.771 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 1901,Lithograph. Korn.
Main Entrance Apt. House, No.771 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 1901,Lithograph. Korn.
A Beautifully Detailed, Original Lithograph of Main Entrance to Apartment House, No. 771 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. EARLY PHOTOGRAPH. Louis Korn, Architect(s.) From the American Architect, January 19,1901.


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namespace app\controllers\admin;

use yii\web\Controller;
use Yii;
use app\models\Ask;
use app\models\DictSentenceTranslation;
use app\models\DictSentence;
use app\components\BaseController;

class AskController extends BaseController
{
	/**
	 * List ask
	 *
	 * @return Ambigous <string, string>
	 */
	public function actionList() {
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     * Edit & view ask
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     */
    public function actionEdit() {

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    public function actionAnswerAsk() {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
benfica 2020 2021
[29], The group stage draw was held on 2 October 2020.[30]. TOP. Benfica's squad list for the match in Madeira, Jorge Jesus: "Benfica's responsibility is to win and keep racking up points", Darwin, Weigl, Nuno Tavares and Taarabt present at the training session, Jorge Jesus: "We are making a very good campaign in the Europa League", A "Clássico" at Luz in Round 3 and a derby to close the 2019/20 Liga NOS, Roller Hockey: "clássico" in the start of the National Championship. Fixtures, Last updated: 30 November 2020. 0. Boavista. Made with 50% polyester and 50% recycled polyester, to save resources and reduce emissions and with Climalite fabric, that removes sweat from your skin. guest team . 11.05.2020 15:20 Benfica's Tavares tests positive for coronavirus Portugal's reigning … ... 05 November 2020. Sport Lisboa e Benfica! The team may also qualify for the Taça da Liga, to be staged in December in January, depending on its league placement. Top Facts. 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Previews. 7:55 pm | Best XI of the Year - I Liga: Marchesín (FC Porto), Ricardo Esgaio (SC Braga), Pepe (FC Porto), Rúben Dias (Benfica), Alex Telles (FC Porto), Pedro Gonçalves (FC Famalicão), Otávio (FC Porto), Pizzi (Benfica), Taremi (Rio Ave), Corona (FC Porto) and Paulinho (SC Braga). Made with 50% polyester and 50% recycled polyester, to save resources and reduce emissions and with AEROREADY fabric, that removes sweat from your skin. Découvrez la composition du club SL Benfica pour la saison 2020/2021 : liste des joueurs, postes, numéros, entraîneur et staff. The match starts at 20:00 on 30 November 2020. Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Benfica vs Rangers H2H head to head statistics and team results in Europe Europa League 2020/2021. Europa Conference League second qualifying round, 2020–21 UEFA Europa League group stage § Group D, "Benfica comunica novo valor da aquisição de Pedrinho à CMVM", "Gilberto é reforço do Benfica por 3 milhões de euros", "Jan Vertonghen joins Benfica on three-year deal after leaving Tottenham", "Statements to CMVM: Rúben Dias and Otamendi", "Lema vai rumar à Arábia e garante encaixe financeiro", "UEFA Champions League third qualifying round draw", "2020/21 UEFA Europa League: all you need to know", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020–21_S.L._Benfica_season&oldid=991641254, 2020–21 UEFA Champions League participants seasons, 2020–21 UEFA Europa League participants seasons, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. By subscribing I authorize the submission of proposals and official communication. Boa tarde benfiquistas. The Portuguese Football Federation revealed the dates of … Source: Updated to match(es) played on 26 November 2020. 1. Compare form, standings position and many match statistics. I Liga Draw: Benfica starts away against Famalicão! 2. 18-Sep-20 - away 5-1 Famalicão: 26-Sep-20 - home 2-0 Moreirens: 04-Oct-20 - home 3-2 Farense Maritimo take on Benfica in the 2020/2021 Liga NOS on Monday, November 30, 2020 Europe » Europa League - 2020/2021 ... Benfica have drawn success matches to Rangers in Group D, twice showing fantastic character to battle back from two-goal deficits late. Results, summary and postgame analysis Check the best match plays and goals between Rangers 2-2 Benfica of Europa League 2020/2021. 0. half time result. The 2020–21 Sport Lisboa e Benfica season is the club's 117th season in existence and its 87th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football. [1 The professional leagues draw took place this Friday. The 2019–20 Sport Lisboa e Benfica season was the club's 116th season in existence and the club's 86th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football.It started with Benfica's 5–0 win over Sporting CP in the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira on 4 August 2019 and concluded with the Taça de Portugal final against FC Porto on 1 August 2020. Manager Age: 66 Years Appointed: Aug 3, 2020 Contract expires: Jun 30, 2022 Head to Head information (H2H). By your continued use of this site you accept our cookie use policy. Liga NOS 2020/21: "Clássico" and derby away in the 1st round. 26' Hagi . Rangers. Kick off 29/10/2020 ... 2020/2021 - Europa League Grp ... Jan Vertonghen left Manchester City and Tottenham, respectively, over the summer to form a good centre-back pairing for Benfica. Resultado en directo de Europa League - 2020/2021 - Grupo D: Glasgow Rangers vs Benfica, marcador online - Jueves 26/Noviembre/2020 3:00 PM. I'm very happy for the award, I dedicate it to all my teammates, staff and to the supporters. On the European stage, Benfica compete in the UEFA Europa League following their elimination from the Champions League third qualifying round. Benfica, unbeaten at home in this competition, bid to reach the last 16 at the expense of a Shakhtar Donetsk side who won an eventful first leg 2-1 in Kharkiv. Adidas Home Jersey 2020 2021. Depois de mais uma humilhação que ditou o fim da pior época do Benfica dos últimos 10 anos, começa hoje a época 2020/2021 que esperemos que seja um virar a página, Jorge Jesus já está garantido e parece óbvio que o plantel será muito diferente. We use cookies to improve your browsing experience. 2020-10-22 . The 2020–21 Sport Lisboa e Benfica season is the club's 117th season in existence and its 87th consecutive season in the top flight of Portuguese football. 18' Dussenne . Football. On the European stage, Benfica compete in the UEFA Europa Leaguefollowing their eliminati… Check the best match plays and goals between Benfica 2-3 Braga of Primeira Liga 2020/2021. ... Catch the latest CS Marítimo and Benfica news and find up to date Football standings, results, top scorers and previous winners. 19/05 Matches between teams. Official Website of Sport Lisboa e Benfica, where you can stay abreast of all the latest news from our Club and see the best videos and summaries of all the games! SL Benfica merupakan salah satu klub sepak bola asal kota Lisbon, Portugal. Daftar Nama Pemain Benfica 2020-2021 Terbaru (Skuad Lengkap) 28 Oktober 2020 28 Agustus 2020 Oleh Mokhammad Zakky. Our role is always to score", declared the Benfica player. In addition to the domestic league, Benfica participate in this season's editions of the Taça de Portugal and Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. Thursday, August 13, 2020, 19h27. News. 14.08.2020 20:32 Benfica sign Vertonghen after Spurs exit Benfica on Friday announced the signing of Belgium defender Jan Vertonghen on a three-year deal following his … Ibrox Stadium. Draw Friday, August 28, 2020, 20h53. ASISTENCIA — … II Liga Draw: Benfica B starts home against Vilafranquense. Source: Head-to-head away goals: Rangers 3, Benfica 2. The team may also qualify for the Taça da Liga, to be staged in December in January, depending on its league placement. Benfica menjadi klub tersukses di Portugal dengan jumlah gelar juara Liga Portugal terbanyak. 16h00, Become a member and receive a 10% discount. 3. S.L. You will soon receive a subscription confirmation email. Football. Friday, August 28, 2020. Compare prices for Benfica Lisbon tickets on our website. Updated to match(es) played on 1 December 2020. Statistics. The season started in September 2020 and will conclude in May 2021. Head-to-head goal difference: Lech Poznań +1, Standard Liège –1. details . Comparison. .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Win The kick-off will be on September 13. We list football tickets for all Benfica Lisbon home matches at Estadio da Luz in Lisbon as well as for away matches for the 2020-2021 season. The individual comes after the collective. The stadium has a … Loss Benfica Campaign at Primeira Liga 2020/2021. 8:39 pm | I Liga Draw: Benfica starts away against Famalicão! 7:23 pm | "It's a pleasure to be a part of this Gala. As forwards, we work to score more. The professional leagues draw took place this Friday. 8:21 pm | II Liga Draw: Benfica B starts home against Vilafranquense. Maritimo-Benfica live incidents, goals, cards, substitutions, lineups, statistics, formations 2020/2021; Partidos; Boavista vs Benfica Boavista. The UEFA Europa League this season includes several big names, with Portuguese giants Benfica just one of them. Compare Benfica and Rangers. Benfica Lisbon play their home matches at Estadio da Luz in Lisbon. Glasgow Rangers ... Jueves, 26 de Noviembre del 2020 / 15:00 ESTADIO. host team. In addition to the domestic league, Benfica participate in this season's editions of the Taça de Portugal and Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. 2020/21 national competition calendar defined. Source: Updated to match(es) played on 30 November 2020. Estádio do Bessa Século XXI. ... Europe (uefa) - Uefa Europa League 2020/2021. 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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Fortunately that is the worst of it – all the rest are doing really well. Some overcrowding happening which I expected as I soon realised I had planted too much in the space I have which I will be sorting out next week as soon as we have he new bed "vegetable bed" ready for planting. (will show before, during and after photos when its done – am having a tree moved to allow more sun into one of my beds so we can convert it to a vegetable bed).
So my question is … what to do with the Strawberry? The cauliflower I am guessing requires more spraying against bugs. I'll use the home-made garlic / basil / soap spray. The rest … everything looks really great but they need to be separated out so they have more space to grow. Right?
I am very interested in your 'garlic/basil' spray as I am a "very' new gardener and know absolutely nothing!!!!
could you tell me what the mixture is and is it boiled or just soaked, cut, crushed or mushed any help would be appreciated!!!
You can make the mixture in a number of ways – either get some organic insect spray from a nursery (Ludwigs & Margaret Roberts are both garlic based and work fantastically, are totally organic and won't hurt the beneficial insects like butterflies & bees and of course, your pets!). Mix it up according to instructions and use a spray bottle to spray the affected leaves. If it is on your lemon trees, I recommend physically washing every single leaf to remove all the buggies – both Barbie and I did this – it is WELL worth the effort – you'll have lovely healthy lemon trees within a very short time (like as quickly as 2 weeks – mine has a lot of new growth now and is looking so much better).
Barbie posted a recipe for her one here: "Basic Organic Insecticide". She uses just soap and basil – I swear by the addition of garlic though. it really repels all the bugs. you can boild up some garlic, strain it and add the mix to your spray bottle. its also useful to plant nasturtiums and mint below your lemon trees – this repels stops the bugs attacking your lemon trees. (and basil apparantly).
let me know how your lemon trees do!!!
Overcrowding is something I battle every year — I always plant too much in too small a space. If you do this, it's important to make sure they're getting enough nutrients and water — you may need to fertilize (with an organic!) a bit more often. Don't go crazy with the fertilizer though, although it's harder to cause damage with organics.
Depending on the type of plant and how densely they're planted, you can "thin" them out by removing some plants. This works nicely for lettuces for instance, because you can eat the plants at any time.
Hi Alan – Thanks for this – its reassuring to hear that even experienced gardeners sometimes "overcrowd". The lettuces are the most overcrowded, and actually, they look like the best lettuces I've ever seen, so I am picking the leaves already (and they taste fabulous). I'll keep picking and thin them that way. Thanks so much, You are so sweet to share your experience knowledge with us. I really appreciate all your advice!
I am fertilising with an organic seaweed / kelp type fertiliser. I'm not keen to use anything non-organic on something we will eat.
Powdery mildew on your strawberries can be controlled my blasting it of with water in the morning – not in the afternoon so that they get a chance to get dry before evening comes. The burnt leaf ends seem like a symptom of water and heat stress combined. There's nothing you can do to fix the leaves that are already damaged but you can prevent further damage.
No need to fear…these are all normal in a normal garden.


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BTS's J-Hope Teases "BE" Content In A New Letter To ARMY
He is excited for fans to hear "BE", but also nervous.
Sandy Lyons
BTS can't wait for ARMY to hear their new album, but with that excitement comes nervousness.
| J-Hope/Weverse
On Weverse, J-Hope wrote a letter to fans about BE, the members' creative process, and their upcoming promotions. Although he is looking forward to everyone hearing the music BTS worked so hard on, he is also worried it might not live up to their expectations.
Army!!!!! The album will be out tomorrow. We prepared for it for so long that I feel like it's already out. hahahahahaha. Since we expressed this album by describing it as 'an album we participated in in every aspect!!' I'm worried you might be as disappointed as you're excited. So I'm simply worried, too.
— J-Hope
Together, BTS took a hands-on approach to all aspects of BE's creation. This highly personal, self-produced album is very meaningful to both the members and to ARMY.
What's for certain is that while making this album, we laughed, enjoyed it, had debates, tried to align our opinions, and following the final review, we finally released the album…So I feel like it'll be an album where you can feel the warmth of every single member. And I think that alone will make this a meaningful album for both us and our ARMY!!!
According to J-Hope, BTS will be opening up about their process soon after BE drops. "Starting tomorrow, how we prepared for this will be revealed one by one!!!" he wrote.
| Big Hit Labels/Youtube
J-Hope ended his letter on a positive note about 2020, a year that hasn't gone the way anyone expected.
| @bts.bighitofficial/Instagram
Despite these tiring days, I hope this becomes a happy ending to 2020 that will give you a little bit of laughter and strength.
With BE, BTS will give 2020 the happy ending we need!
V and RM are also sharing their excitement about BE with fans. Read all about it here:
BTS's V And RM Are Getting ARMY Hyped For The Release Of "BE"


Farmer of the Year follows the story of 83 year-old Minnesotan farmer, Hap Anderson, who sells the farm he worked his whole life on. Now at a loss, Hap and his brother set out on the road trip of a lifetime in an ancient Winnebago all while Hap questions his purpose and accomplishments along the way. The film stars Barry Corbin (No Country for Old Men, WarGames), Mackinlee Waddell (GCB) and Terry Keiser (Bernie Lomax from Weekend At Bernie's).
Mackinlee Waddell (Left) and Barry Corbin (Right) in a still from Farmer of the Year.
On location of Kathy's childhood farmhouse.
The principal photography for the film was 28 days in the summer of 2016 with four additional days of pickups the following summer when the exteriors all matched the same. An official wrap of production happened after a one-day shoot in January 2018, which was only three weeks before the film's world premiere at the Sedona International Film Festival.
Jacob Midkiff a 2nd Year MFA student (2nd Left) and Megan Fitzgerald a MFA thesis student (Center) sit on location enjoying catering.
In the end, Farmer of the Year was finished and on its way to being shown to the public. Kathy and Vince express that, "We want the audience to empathize with the two main characters and to experience a deceptively simple movie that engages serious, universal themes: transition, aging, loss, loneliness. We wanted it to be funny in a human, real-life sort of way. The same with the drama. We want the audience to relate to the characters and feel satisfied when they leave the theater." To achieve this, they worked endlessly to keep "high production values and score and a project we could be proud of." Most of all, though, Kathy and Vince want people to enjoy the film.
Barry Corbin in the film Farmer of the Year.
Kathy and Vince express excitement in response to bringing the film back to their alma mater. "We don't know how many of the crew are still around, but it will be really fun for them to see their hard work up on the big screen. Also, we were in Athens long enough to meet a lot of nonstudent folks and it will be fun for them to see it too. And it will be enlightening for current film students, if they are serious about being filmmakers, to see that making a feature film is possible." Along with this, they express thanks to Ohio University students, alumni, the Ohio University School of Film for the equipment, and grant funding through a Student Enhancement Award. Additionally, they extend gratitude to "School of Film faculty and filmmaker Tom Hayes...who's editing help was invaluable and Annie Howell, an ex OU faculty member and filmmaker, who was very generous with information and support as well...even after she retired from the program.
Kathy (Left) and Vince (Right).
Make sure to catch Farmer of the Year this week only at the Athena Cinema, April 16th -18th. And stay after the screening for a talk back with the filmmakers.


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Off-Ramp®
The quaint husband wife business of 1-800-AUTOPSY
Published June 3, 2017 at 1:29 PM PDT
ANDY HOLZMAN/LA DAILY NEWS
Vidal Herrera owns 1800Autospy in Los Angeles, CA May 18, 2011. Herrera wants to franchise his business and hopes veterans coming back from war will open autopsy businesses around the U.S.(Andy Holzman/Daily News Staff Photographer)
When there's something strange in your neighborhood, Vidal and Vicki Herrera might be the closest thing to Ghostbusters you've got... In Redlands there's a circus even PETA would approve of... an exhibit at the Huntington Library looks at Octavia Butler through her own notes and letters she left behind... Taylor Orci guest hosts and she's filled with joy about the whole thing. (Photo: Vidal Herrera/Credit: Andy Holtzman LA Daily News)
Remembering unsung science-fiction hero/Genius Grant winner Octavia Butler
Octavia Butler, who died 10 years ago this month, was a black woman who wrote science-fiction stories in a world where white men created the work and starred in the narrative.
Jim Tully, father of hardboiled fiction, was the 'most hated man in Hollywood'
The story of Jim Tully, a former hobo who became Hollywood's "most hated man" — and the two men who spent 20 years rediscovering his life.
1-800-AUTOPSY is real — and you might need it one day
It sounds like another LA gimmick: a truck emblazoned with 1-800-AUTOPSY. It's not a joke.
A great reason to run off and join the circus
Last month, the Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus rolled up its tents for the last time. On the same night, a different kind of circus, founded by an ex-Ringling acrobat 88 years ago, ended its season too.
Don't make me stop this car! (The Off-Ramp Finale)
The Penultimate Off-Ramp ... and a naked neutered mummy and the Italians who love him
Neil deGrasse Tyson and Grassroots Trans Pride
What color are these Muppets? A little blue.
An oasis in the Southern California desert: The Institute of Mentalphysics
Remembering the 'Buddy Rich' of punk, and Tiny Tim's Tin Pan Alley soundtrack


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I hope this will deepen your experience of the next runoff after heavy rains.
Four wet winters and now the dry.
The low-hanging cloud slit its belly and the rain plunged.
Blue veins of the mountain, zig-zag crevices of the fractured shale.
For a kind of blessing. We find instead a river of ink.
Now crawls to the sea, a liquid bile.
A deep cleansing, this rite of renewal.
For me it is runoff but my heart purges.
Woman and water in the blood-flow.
And God created a fish with limbs, and it was good.
In the same vein, a Darwin fish facing a Christian fish, and they are having a conversation. No one is devouring anyone.
Mamas, don't let your babies grow up to be fundamentalists.
Canners do it under pressure.
First day at the public school for my son, who is taking only fifth grade P.E. this year. We arrive early to get situated and possibly do paperwork. I make an effort to get acquainted with protocol—where should Joshua go when the bell rings, and could I work on my laptop in the library or somewhere else during class? Secretary goes back into an adjoining room and checks with the principal, the one who, when I was here to see her before for a tour, shuffled by without a word and communicated only with said secretary until she was good and ready to make an Appearance.
Principal gives permission, unseen and through the secretary, for me to stay around and work on my laptop—not in the library, but in the hallway by the front door, where there's a bench conveniently located. Joshua is to line up with Ms. K—-'s class outside, where they are now on recess, and walk into the gym with the P.E. teacher.
There are still fifteen minutes, so we walk up to the library so Joshua can check out the limit of two books. But the librarian isn't there, expecting no classes at the time, so I tell Joshua he could choose one and leave it with a note requesting checkout, and come back after class. It's lovely having the whole place to ourselves. Joshua checks for an item on the computer, but has no account set up yet. Here comes the secretary, huffing in after apparently running (no doubt at the principal's command) to fetch us. "The librarian isn't here," she explains. "Yes, I suppose she's not expecting anyone," I reply, mindful of class scheduling. I explain about choosing a book, leaving a note. "I need to get back to my desk, and the library is unsupervised," Okay, so no one knows me here yet, and the Visitor Pass apparently means only past the front door. Secretary seems apologetic, but trying to obey a set of rules imposed on her, and I don't want to get her in trouble. "Can I sign up as a volunteer so I can be trusted?" I'm unable to keep a slight note of sarcasm out of my voice. She smiles slightly, and escorts us downstairs. On the way I summarize for my son the explanation. We wait dutifully outside to await the bell.
Have you ever met someone who, before they ever mention it, you know must work with young children every day? It's the pronunciation–slow, deliberate, emphasis on consonants, and the use of simple words, with an attempt at that combination of kindness and authority that comes across instead as artificial. As if children can't handle the individual and personality and style of the teacher. It's always refreshing to meet one who has not imposed such restraints on his or her true self.
Ms. K— has heard we are here, and has come to introduce herself and welcome my boy to come any time to her class. She is warm, welcoming, herself. I explain that Joshua is homeschooling and only taking P.E., but by that time Joshua is expressing second thoughts and says he might want to join her class full-time. I tell him we'll talk, feeling both pleased that there's such a teacher, and regretful that he might want to be at school all day instead of homeschooling with me.
We go outside so my son can check out the play structures. By the fence is a woman with a school vest and loudspeaker. Is she the P.E. teacher, I ask? No, that would be the woman across the lot (not to say "field", as it's covered in asphalt). The bell rings (an alarming sound for those not accustomed), and I see she's part of the control structure; the children are starting to move to the field from the play structures, but she directs them to FREEZE, and then WALK (someone might get hurt) down and line up with their classes.
Up I go to my bench with my laptop. I write impressions, commentary about the school experience, the staff, what I see and hear so far. Right under the nose of the administrative office. Feels empowering. Shall I have to make my blog private after this, to preserve my future job prospects in the system? But no one has the right to look over my shoulder, with a "Hmm—Gillian, would is there anything you would like to share with the class?" Indeed, I have the right to look over theirs.
Near the end of the P.E. period, I ask where would be the best rendezvous with my son, and whether I may to go down and meet him by the stairs. She is so appreciative that I have asked, and graciously permits me to go down, this time without asking the principal.
I am the only parent watching the class. The P.E. teacher manner is different from that of the homeroom teacher—a commanding voice that carries, assertive carriage, she moves masses and groups from one activity to another, watching for safety issues and off-task behavior. Yet this manner is also optional–the P.E. teacher my children had two years ago managed to be engaging, organized, quietspoken and kind, even when balls had to fly, races be run, skills be practiced.
On the way home my son says he has decided not to go to school full time after all. And although I turned the idea over in my mind as possibly a good thing for me—time to complete money-saving home projects, update my teacher training and credentials, work as a substitute teacher, by the time Joshua has come to the homeschooling conclusion, so have I. One wonderful teacher does not a great school experience make.
So all of them will turn out above average.
To keep up in knowledge and skills with evil people who might steal our resources or beat us in war.
To free up parents be able to go to work at something more meaningful and productive.
To allow busy parents to escape the demands of children for a good chunk of each day.
Mass production is more efficient.
To get them socialized properly.
To acquaint them with the "real world" with its bad leaders, bullies, social pressures, deadlines, sacrificing personal for group goals, and system of extrinsic rewards.
Everyone else for the last two or three generations has done the same thing, so it must be a good idea.
To keep children from having too much time to themselves.
To standardize shopping seasons for convenient stocking, advertising, staffing, and inventory cycles.
To expand markets for goods promoted through peer socialization.
To keep children from spending most of their time with relations and people not not their own age.
So little boys will learn to sit still and do things they don't feel like doing.
To keep public library books from getting overused.
To keep teens from having too much free time in which to get into trouble.
To create more jobs for lunch room staff, registrars, counselors, playground attendants, record keepers, bus drivers, curriculum advisers, administrators, text book publishers, portrait photographers, and others necessary to an institutional setting.
To provide easily accessible research material for scholars and market researchers.
To water down religious ideas and practices.
Because there is a specific body of knowledge that all children should learn at each age, and/or a constantly changing body of essential knowledge best determined by industry, government, and special interest groups.
Without school there would be no recess.
Schools are where all the teachers are.
We've already got the public school system going, so why not keep it going so as not to waste all that momentum?
To keep children's immunization status current.
Classrooms are the best places to learn most everything.
"What curriculum do you use?" she asked.
and we put the garden to bed.
through the glass doors at the back of the house.
or just some flowers on the table.
Preferring Frost and Kipling to Stevenson.
Which only fly on the level, but so do the children when they run with them.
and try to catch up on the days already passed.
while we visit in the upper room, where the sun comes in even in winter.
and unloading armfuls of food and socks from the store.
And finally, we mow our lawn to give an orderly appearance.


Guy de Maupassant's biography and life story.Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a popular 19th-century French writer and …... Guy de Maupassant . France's Guy de Maupassant wrote more than 300 short stories. Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) was a prolific French writer best remembered as a master of the short story and a father of the genre.
Biography on Guy de Maupassant Guy de Maupassant was born on August 5, 1850 at Chateau de Miromesnil in France. He was a descendent of a very old French family.
Guy de Maupassant - Biography. Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) Commentary by Karen Bernardo The French writer Guy de Maupassant grew up in a home dominated by his artistic and ambitious mother; the father dropped into the background early on, and played only a miniscule role in the young boy's development.
Guy De Maupassant Biography Author of The Necklace Guy De Maupassant This Study Guide consists of approximately 37 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of The Necklace.


Binge drinking has become nearly synonymous with college students.
But turns out, a study released a couple of years ago shows a significant, worrisome level of binge drinking among those age 50 to 64 as well.
Working with the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Duke University researchers report that 22% of men and 9% of women ages 50 to 64 engaged in binge drinking — five or more drinks at a time — within the past month of the survey.
The research, based on a survey of 11,000 men and women that took place in 2005 and 2006, was published and reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
The survey also found that 19% of the men and 13% of the women had two or more drinks a day, which is considered heavy or "at-risk" drinking under American Geriatric Society guidelines for older people.
Dan Blazer, the study's lead author and a professor of psychiatry and behavioral science at Duke, says that level of drinking places the older group at more of a health risk than younger counterparts.


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Amblyopia / Lazy Eye (Adult)
Amblyopia / Lazy Eye (Children)
Crossed Eyes (Esotropia)
Double Vision (Adult)
Eye Misalignment / Strabismus (Children)
Eye Misalignment / Strabismus in Adults
Headaches in Adults
Pediatric Physiologic Diplopia
Strabismus / Wandering Eye Treatment (Children)
Strabismus Causes & Treatments (Adults)
Vision Problems in Children
Wandering Eye / Exotropia
See More Doctors
Felicia completed her Bachelor's of Science at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO in 2011 in Human Development and Family Studies with an emphasis on Child Development and Psychology. After college, she began working as an Ophthalmic Technician at a multi-specialty private practice where she was introduced to the field of Ophthalmology and worked for just under five years with a variety of specialists, including a Pediatric Ophthalmologist and completed her COA. Felicia then began her Orthoptic Clinical Fellowship at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TN and completed her COT. She completed her orthoptic certification process in August 2017.
As a Certified Orthoptist, Felicia is trained specially in Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus of both children and adults and focuses on strabismus, amblyopia, and diplopia.
Felicia is a member of the American Association of Certified Orthoptists and the Association of Technical Personnel in Ophthalmology and is looking forward to joining the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology, soon. She is excited to begin to be more involved with the professional associations and continue to be involved with research in the clinical setting.
Away from the clinic, Felicia enjoys taking her dog on hikes with her husband, exploring new restaurants, and singing in community choirs.


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Antagonists, Allusions to the comics, Indian Hill residents,
Arkham Asylum Staff
Main antagonists
Who is Hugo Strange?
Alias The Philosopher
Professor Strange
Affiliation Indian Hill (formerly)
Arkham Asylum (formerly)
Pinewood Farms (formerly)
Fish Mooney (formerly/off-on)
Oswald Cobblepot (formerly)
Nyssa al Ghul (formerly)
Eduardo Dorrance (formerly)
Occupation Chief of Psychiatry (formerly)
Director of Arkham Asylum (formerly)
Lecturer at Gotham University (formerly)
Status Alive
First "Wrath of the Villains: Mr. Freeze"
Portrayed by BD Wong
"Death is not an ending. It's just a new beginning."
—Hugo Strange to Victor Fries[src]
Dr. Hugo Strange is the former Chief of Psychiatry and director of Arkham Asylum who was involved in experimentation on human beings at Indian Hill. He was an employee of former school mate Thomas Wayne at Pinewood Farms, after his experiments led to the program being shut down he looked into reopening the program, which he deemed impossible without Thomas out of the picture. As a result, he hired the hit that resulted in the deaths of Thomas and Martha Wayne and therefore was responsible for the orphaning of Bruce Wayne.
1.2 Employed by the Court
1.3 Rehabilitation Techniques
1.4 Resurrecting the Dead
1.5 Activities Exposed
1.6 Experiments Following Indian Hill
1.7 Conflict with Edward Nygma
1.8 Creating Bane
1.9 Helping Nyssa With Her Mission
Hugo Strange reportedly grew up with an abusive father who would beat his mother every night. On the night that his father finally died at the hands of his mother, his father told Hugo that he was the biggest mistake of his life and that he was destined for a life of failure.[1]
In his high-school years, Hugo and Thomas Wayne were on the same Cricket team along with Anu Schwarts, Kyle Davis, Andrew Weininger, Travis Quegan, Paul Weathered, and Grant Gardner. Strange earned the nickname "the philosopher" while at school. The two remained friends until adulthood when Thomas placed him in-charge of Pinewood Farms. At the facility they looked into fixing human ailments, which including disease and even death. But soon Strange began experimenting on people to "push the boundaries of human evolution" creating monsters, with one of the subjects Karen Jennings being given a reptilian arm to replace her damaged one. Thomas shut down the project and put Karen into protection.[2]
Hugo looked to reopen the project, but with Thomas in the way this wouldn't be possible. About two months before the death of the Waynes, Hugo hired a crew of thieves through a contact, to burglarize the Wayne Manor and get access to the secrets behind Wayne's files. They were only able to get as far as stealing one of the Manor's paintings, a Picasso, before they were interrupted by Thomas Wayne who shot and killed one of the burglars. While the investigation into the robbery was ongoing, an additional man was sent to follow Thomas and managed to trail him as far as the hideout where Karen Jennings lived. A fight ensued in which Karen managed to kill the man trailing Thomas, a man named Scott Wallace. Thomas would later confront Hugo, spurning Hugo to fast-track his plans to take Thomas out of the picture permanently. [3] Hugo turned to a casino owner and contractor named The Lady, who then in turn hired a hitman named Matches Malone to kill Thomas and his wife Martha. Malone confronted the couple and their son Bruce in an alleyway after they had gone out to see a movie, and gunned the couple down. Malone then fled the scene, leaving Bruce to scream in anguish over his parent's brutal killing. At that point Strange wasn't even suspected, as no link could be found at that moment with Thomas and the corruption at Wayne Enterprises. Hugo would feel regret for this but asserted that he did what he had to do and that Thomas should have just walked away. A man named Mario Pepper ended up being set up for the crime, and others suspected by leading detective of the case Jim Gordon ranged from the mob (who helped set up Pepper) to corrupt billionaire Dick Lovecraft, the latter whom ended up getting assassinated for knowing something about the Wayne murders.
Employed by the Court
Professor Strange has been employed by the Court of Owls and League of Shadows to carry out freakish experiments, contributing to the rise of super-criminals in Gotham City.
With Thomas dead and out of the way, Strange was hired by a mysterious society known as The Court, who were the true runners of Wayne Enterprises and working above the Board of Directors. Strange's primary task was to find the means to bring the dead back to life with their memories intact. The Pinewood project was reopened, with it taking place at a secret underground facility known as Indian Hill, located under Arkham Asylum. To avoid attention, a toxic waste dump was used as a cover for Indian Hill's more sinister activities. At some point Hugo Strange was employed as the chief of psychiatry at Arkham Asylum, leaving him to carry out the day-to-day running of the asylum (in which he appeared to look for a way to rehabilitate patients) as well as gaining access to the underground lab via a secret elevator to check on the progress. He worked alongside another doctor at the asylum named Ethel Peabody.
Badly injured individuals were delivered to the asylum, one of them being Bridgit Pike who had been badly burned all over her body. Declared dead, Pike got transferred to Indian Hill where she witnessed other people being horrifically experimented upon by the scientists of the facility. Corpses of individuals were also brought to Indian Hill for Strange, with a few notable being Fish Mooney, Jerome Valeska and controversial mayor Theo Galavan, the third whom Strange had a great interest in.[4]
Rehabilitation Techniques
When Oswald Cobblepot is sent to Arkham Asylum after confessing to killing Theo Galavan, Strange meets him for a session and says he will cure him of his sickness. After meeting Oswald, Strange takes a secret elevator down to the Indian Hill facility and is informed about Mr. Freeze and his ability to reanimate a corpse, something that Strange was looking to perfect with the bodies that he has in Indian Hill's possession.[5]
After Barbara Kean awakens from her coma, a nurse tells someone to inform Strange.[6]
Strange oversaw the group therapy sessions which Barbara Kean was a part of. He later released her from Arkham Asylum, telling Ethel that he is going to study her.[7]
Resurrecting the Dead
Strange then focuses solely on his experiments reanimating the dead, starting with Indian Hill Patient 44. While overseeing the reanimation process, he was notified by Peabody that someone from Wayne Enterprises looked into the identity of Karen Jennings. Strange was later notified that Jennings was captured and sent back to Blackgate Penitentiary. He then sends Victor Fries after the transport carrying her. Fries successfully kills her. Strange is later present to witness the premature resurrection of Patient 44, also known as Theo Galavan, who brutally murders the staff in the room and screams out the name of Azrael.[8]
After resurrecting Theo Galavan, Strange watches Galavan suffer from his shattered mental state and recites fragments from the sacred book of The Will and Order of St. Dumas. Afterward, Strange met with Jim Gordon at Arkham Asylum questioning him about the death of Karen Jennings and his participation in the Pinewood Farms program. However, Strange denies involvement in the atrocities of the program which, according to him, were the work of Thomas Wayne. After that, Gordon gives Strange an envelope with a court order to exhume the body of Victor Fries, but Strange is quick to tell him that Victor's body was cremated. Gordon then reveals that he only did so to get confirmation that he was the one behind it all, and afterward Strange realizes that Gordon gave him an empty envelope. Strange refuses Edward Nygma's offer to take Gordon down, though Nygma unintentionally gives him an idea of how to solve his problem with Theo Galavan. Using The Will and Order of St. Dumas which told the story of the immortal warrior Azrael, Strange goes into the reanimation lab to speak to Galavan, but the resurrected Galavan quickly attacks him. However, after Hugo presents himself as Dumas, the founder of the Order, Strange convinces him that he's the immortal warrior Azrael, under his service. Professor Strange later equips Galavan with a sword and armor and orders Theo to kill James Gordon.[9]
Strange later brings back former crime boss Fish Mooney, infusing her with cuttlefish DNA. Mooney is brought back seemingly with all her memories intact, prompting Strange to relay this new development to his employers: the Court of Owls. Around that time, Bruce Wayne and Lucius Fox come to Arkham seeking a tour, in reality being there to find out the location of Indian Hill. Strange knows this, and has Bruce, Lucius, and Jim Gordon, who has been investigating the Wayne murders and stowed away with Bruce and Lucius, apprehended. The Court then orders Strange to move all his research and test subjects to the facility upstate and to destroy Indian Hill. Strange has Bruce and Lucius locked away where Edward Nygma attempts to find out what they know about Indian Hill and who they have told about it, and Jim Gordon brought down to Indian Hill, where a cast is made of his face, allowing Basil, a revived Indian Hill subject able to stretch his skin, to impersonate Jim Gordon.[10]
Activities Exposed
Under orders from the white-haired female member of the Court, Hugo Strange has most of his patie
Hugo with Mr. Freeze behind him, as the bomb is being set off.
nts loaded onto a bus bound for facility upstate while having a bomb set to blow up the Indian Hill facility. Upon finding that Fish Mooney has the power to put anyone she touches into her thrall, Hugo manages to escape her and plans to have Victor Fries slay the remaining inhabitants starting with him killing Selina Kyle. Bridgit Pike came to Selina's defense and dueled Victor Fries until Hugo Strange was accidentally caught in the crossfire upon seeing Gordon, Fox, and Wayne escaping. Gordon resuscitated Strange who states that the bomb will go off any minute. After Gordon and Fox deactivated the bomb and the police arrived at Arkham Asylum, Hugo Strange was arrested by the police who claims that the "monsters" that the Indian Hill facility made are still out there.[11]
Strange was put on trial where Peabody testified against him in exchange for her being put under house arrest and not going to prison. Strange was sent to an undisclosed location. Apart from Peabody, no one else that worked at the Indian Hill facility was exposed for the atrocities committed there. Six months following the escape of his experiments, Fish Mooney began leading the remaining escaped monsters to find Strange so he can prevent them from dying as the use of their powers causes them to weaken due to her body rejecting the new cells that her abilities are creating. Peabody ends up being captured by Nancy and Sid of Fish Mooney's gang to see if she knows of Strange's whereabouts. When she doesn't prove to be useful upon not knowing where Strange is being held, she gets her life force drained from her by Marv and is killed.[12]
It was revealed that Strange was incarcerated in an old mansion that conceals a high-tech laboratory where the scientists there are trying to get information about Indian Hill from them. Under the control of Fish Mooney, Bullock leads her, Marv, Nancy, and Sid to Strange. After taking out the guards, Fish, Nancy, and Sid make their way to Strange's cell as Fish confronts him. She tells Strange that she wants him to fix her and make her an army. Strange initially declines her request, but changes his mind when Fish reminds him that the police are approaching. When the angry mob breaks through, Fish and Marv escape out the back with Strange while Nancy and Sid hold off the mob. Cobblepot then confronts Mooney and Strange while sending Marv on his way. When asked by Cobblepot why she didn't kill him, Mooney states that she was his umbrella boy and that she turned Cobblepot into Penguin. Cobblepot decides to spare Mooney and sends the two of them on their way while telling Mooney not to come back to Gotham.[13]
Experiments Following Indian Hill
Not much is known about these events but after saving Fish Mooney's life he was taken once again to work for the Court and had the Alice Tetch virus weaponized. He extracted the blood from Nathaniel Barnes as he and Kathryn Monroe test it on an unknown person. When Gordon and Bullock find where the Alice Tetch virus was being developed, Hugo Strange saves them from the test subject. Gordon and Bullock don't arrest him in order to keep the Court of Owls from finding out what happened. Though Hugo Strange does give them a sample of the blood and some of his research.[14]
Hugo being once again in league with the Court of Owls.
Hugo Strange later brings the bomb containing the weaponized Alice Tetch virus to the Sensei. When the police and Alfred raid the building, Sensei and the remaining Talons escape with Bruce Wayne and the bomb while Hugo Strange is arrested. After being interrogated by Alfred Pennyworth on where Bruce Wayne is being held, Hugo Strange is let go by Alfred who advises him to leave town.[15]
Taking Alfred's advise during the chaos caused by the bomb's explosion, Hugo Strange makes his way to a train station and was able to get a ticket out of town only for him to be intercepted by Fish Mooney's men. Victor Fries and Bridgit Pike buy Fish Mooney time to get away with Hugo Strange. At Oswald Cobblepot's Mansion, Fish Mooney still wants Hugo Strange to make her an army of monsters. In order to get the info on where the cure for the Alice Tetch virus is, Oswald Cobblepot and Victor Fries use the same machine that Strange once used on Cobblepot. After the machine does it's work on him, Strange takes Fish Mooney, Oswald Cobblepot, Victor Fries, Bridgit Pike, and Fish Mooney's henchmen to a slaughterhouse where Hugo Strange had the cure. They are attacked by ninjas working for the League of Shadows. Gordon arrives to help fight the ninjas which resulted in Fish Mooney getting accidentally stabbed by Gordon. After Fish Mooney dies a second time, Gordon and Bullock get Hugo Strange to cooperate with the GCPD into helping to recreate the cure for the Alice Tetch virus.[16]
When Oswald Cobblepot shows the Indian Hill barrel he pulled out of Slaughter Swamp to Solomon Grundy, he swayed him to his side while stating that they will find Hugo Strange and see if he can restore him to normal.[17]
Upon being found, Hugo Strange begins to work on Solomon Grundy where it involved him harvesting blood from some people he obtained. When Gotham City becomes a no man's land, Tabitha Galavan learns from Hugo Strange that his plan to restore Solomon Grundy back to Butch Gilzean worked. Later on, Penguin has Hugo Strange work on the corpses of Lee Thompkins and Edward Nygma. He begins to wonder what he can do to them.[18]
Hugo after being recruited to cure Butch.
Conflict with Edward Nygma
After saving being asked by Oswald Cobblepot to save Edward Nygma, Hugo Strange decides to save both Edward and Lee Thompkins, however, a contract comes along which leads to him placing chips inside of their brains before saving them. Once Edward Nygma begins to find himself in places he doesn't remember going to, he assumes that it's his dual-personality before beginning his journey in discovering what happened to him before No Man's Land. As a result, he begins to gain some of his old memories back, bringing him to Oswald Cobblepot. When Oswald explains what happened with Hugo Strange, Edward starts to search for Hugo Strange while having Jim Gordon and Eduardo Dorrance on his trail for the destruction of Haven. Later, Hugo Strange throws away a corpse in his lab while some people bring him a bodybag, stating that they were late and the last body they procured for him was gangrenous and unsuitable. When Strange unzips the bodybag, Edward sits up and aims a gun at him which causes him to put his
After opening up a bodybag, Hugo Strange is faced with an angered Edward Nygma, who points a gun at him.
hands up. Edward asks how Strange took control of his alter-ego but Strange claims that he can't follow and that Edward is the alter-ego. An angered Nygma asks why Strange controlled and made him kill all of the people in Haven while Strange is surprised by the fact that Edward Nygma was the one who destroyed Haven. Strange claims that he doesn't know about Nygma's alter-ego but reveals that he had put a chip in his brain in order for Nygma to be controlled remotely. Strange also reveals that he wasn't the one controlling Nygma and that he gave control to someone else who he is willing to reveal before tricking Nygma and spraying him, telling him that he is experiencing a neural cutout and that he is mystified as to how Nygma had became aware that he's being controlled. As a result, he begins to cut his head open and examine his brain, apologizing for the discomfort and telling him that a simple reboot of the chip should be all that's required. After stitching Nygma's head back closed, Strange reveals that a powerful electrical charge overloaded the chip but that everything else is updated.
When Jim and Eduardo manage to find Nygma and Strange, Strange tells Gordon that he was just helping Nygma because he needed medical attention which Gordon doesn't believe. When Gordon looks at Nygma who has his eyes open, Strange reveals that he used a bio-medical anethesia on Nygma but Gordon orders him to wake him up which Strange does. Nygma then tells Gordon that it wasn't him who destroyed Haven and that Strange actually put a mind-controlling chip in his brain but Strange claims that a contract came along and he developed a tool using Nygma. Eduardo reveals himself to be the one controlling Nygma and tells the Delta Force soldiers to escort Strange out.
Creating Bane
After Eduardo and Jim get into a fight, Eduardo is kicked into a pole within debris by Gordon, where he is impaled and found by Nyssa al Ghul after a couple of hours. Nyssa puts a defibrillator mask on Eduardo in order to save his life and tells him that she'll bring him to Hugo Strange, who will be able to patch him up and save his life. Sometime after, a patched up Eduardo finds himself in Strange's lab with tubes attached to him, where Hugo Strange tells him that the process of saving his life will cause him immense physical and mental pain as well as be a little bit of a long process. As a result, Strange apologizes in advance before beginning the process and injecting an unidentified green chemical into Eduardo's veins, causing them to turn green and his eyes to become bloodshot. Hugo Strange and Nyssa al Ghul watch as Eduardo is transformed into Bane before Eduardo lets out a cry in agony.
Helping Nyssa With Her Mission
After taking part in the creation of Bane, he continues to work with Nyssa al Ghul and helps her with her mission to get revenge for her Ra's al Ghul's death. After Bane manages to capture Jim Gordon and Bruce Wayne for Nyssa, Nyssa orders Bane to find Barbara Kean, who took part in her father's death and tells Gordon that Bane wants him to join their mission in eliminating all criminal elements in Gotham, however, Gordon rejects as Strange tells him to never say never before injecting in the neck with an object that leaves Gordon unconscious.
Later, Gordon is brought to a lab where he finds himself strapped to a medical table and in the presence of Hugo Strange, who covers up a tied up General Wade. Hugo is satisfied with Gordon finally waking up but Gordon states that Strange picked the losing side since the military army is coming to Gotham. Gordon tells Strange that if he helps him then Strange can survive, however, he believes that Nyssa is more likely to be successful than Gordon because of his current position. Gordon asks if Strange if he really thinks that Nyssa can fight off the entire army while Strange believes that she is able to with his help. Strange tells Gordon that he is a few modifications from being a mighty soldier in Nyssa's force not unlike Eduardo. He also tells Gordon that he will help him reach his full potential and give him true strength but Gordon rejects the offer which Strange replies by telling him that his consent is hardly required. Strange begins to inject Gordon in the neck and tells him that he will begin the process with a physical modification and end with certain mental modifications. Strange tells Gordon that he will feel slight discomfort during the process and begins
Hugo Strange prepares to start the process of injecting Jim Gordon with the unidentified green chemical.
the process by injecting him with a little it of the unidentified green chemical that he used on Eduardo, leading to Gordon gaining enough strength to break out of one of the straps and kick Strange. This leads to Strange hitting the device he used to inject Gordon and causing it to inject too much into Gordon, helping him break out of the straps. Strange tells that he admires his fighting spirit before escaping the lab. After Gordon frees General Wade, Bruce meets up with them and tells them that Nyssa is planning on using the military to destroy Gotham but General Wade tells them that he can order the military to stand down. However, it is revealed that Hugo Strange has put a mind-controlling chip in General Wade's brain, causing him to be controlled by Nyssa and for him to allow the military to destroy Gotham.
Though, Hugo Strange had an important part in helping Nyssa with her mission to destroy Gotham, he was never searched for after his escape and his current whereabouts are unknown.
Genius-level intellect/Expert psychologist/Master tactician: Hugo's brilliance knows no bounds and he is a highly skilled tactician as well as a professional psychiatrist. He was able to resurrect the dead, with any resources, proven by him resurrecting Ed Nygma and Lee Tompkins after the No mans land incident took out the city power grid. He was also able to create "monster" like creatures, and give several of his subjects special abilities like mind control, .
Expert Chemist: Strange is highly trained in chemistry, as he was able to create a cure for the Tetch virus.
Master of Persuasion: He has managed to persuade personas into each of his resurrected monsters. As well as weaseling his way out of danger in the many different times he was a hostage.
Appearance List for Hugo Strange
"Rise of the Villains: Worse Than A Crime" (mentioned)
"Wrath of the Villains: Mad Grey Dawn" (mentioned)
"Mad City: Better to Reign in Hell..." (mentioned)
"Mad City: Look Into My Eyes" (mentioned)
"Mad City: New Day Rising" (mentioned)
"Mad City: Smile Like You Mean It" (mentioned)
"Heroes Rise: The Primal Riddle" (mentioned)
"Heroes Rise: All Will Be Judged" (mentioned)
"A Dark Knight: Mandatory Brunch Meeting" (mentioned)
"A Dark Knight: That's Entertainment" (mentioned)
"A Dark Knight: That Old Corpse" (mentioned)
"A Dark Knight: One Bad Day" (mentioned)
"Legend of the Dark Knight: 13 Stitches" (mentioned)
"Legend of the Dark Knight: Ace Chemicals" (mentioned)
"Legend of the Dark Knight: Nothing's Shocking" (mentioned)
In DC Comics, Hugo Strange was introduced in Detective Comics #36 in February 1940 and was one of the first recurring enemies of Batman. He was also responsible for discovering Batman's true identity as Bruce Wayne, being one of the few villains on his intellectual level. In addition, he also created the Monster Men where the original story had them killed by Batman and a later retelling had the Monster Men killed in battle against Sal Maroni's men.
Strange is the third Batman villain ever introduced, following Doctor Death and Mad Monk consecutively. He is followed by Tony Zucco, the Joker, and the Cat (later known as Catwoman).
In the 2014 storyline Batman: Endgame, it was revealed that before Bruce Wayne became Batman, Hugo Strange, Doctor Death, and another villain Crazy Quilt were members of a scientific group within Wayne Enterprises known as the "Doctors Three". Strange worked in regenerative neural matter, Death worked in bone research, and Quilt worked in regenerating soft tissue, with the three members being described as "bone, brain, and body" respectively.
This is the first live-action incarnation of the character Hugo Strange, 76 years after the character's comic introduction.
He is the main antagonist of the Wrath of the Villains arc of Season 2, a minor antagonist in the first part of the Mad City arc of Season 3 and a major antagonist in the Heroes Rise arc.
Hugo Strange is inadvertently one of the catalysts for the events of the whole show as he contracted Patrick Malone to kill Thomas and Martha Wayne, which resulted in Penguin snitching on Fish Mooney. Carmine Falcone then ordered Jim Gordon to kill Penguin, but instead spared him, and Penguin returned to Gotham and eventually became a kingpin, thus setting in motion the rest of the series' events.
Strange is responsible for the creation of a majority of Batman's future villains, whether directly or indirectly. During his work at Indian Hill he was tied to the creation of Mr. Freeze, Firefly and Clayface, as well as brainwashing Theo Galavan into believing he was Azrael. He also experimented on Alice Tetch, who was the sister of The Mad Hatter, who was fueled to come to Gotham City to look for her. And also granted Jane Cartwright superpowered abilities at the asylum, which transformed her into "Jane Doe". Strange also seemed to have a clone of Jerome Valeska which escaped with the other monsters and may or may not become the feared supervillain "The Joker", and his experiments led to Butch Gilzean mutating and becoming Solomon Grundy. In season 5, he is also has a part in Eduardo Dorrance's transformation into Bane.
Hugo Strange acts as the mastermind and main antagonist of the tie-in novel Gotham: Dawn of Darkness, which chronicles the struggle between him and Thomas Wayne shortly before the events of the pilot episode.
Hugo Strange was always called Professor Strange when he was running Arkham Asylum, despite being a medical professional and top psychologist which are usually referred to as doctors.
Most likely due to the fact that the name Dr. Strange is owned by Marvel Comics.
↑ Gotham: Dawn of Darkness
↑ Strange Bedfellows - Gotham Chronicle
↑ Woodruff, Ken (writer) & Cannon, Danny (director) (September 26, 2016). "Mad City: Burn the Witch...". Gotham. Season 3. Episode 2. FOX.
↑ Lilien, Steven & Wynbrandt, Bryan (writer) & Vrvilo, Maja (director) (April 5, 2018) "A Dark Knight: Mandatory Brunch Meeting" Gotham. Season 4. Episode 17.
Retrieved from "https://gotham.fandom.com/wiki/Hugo_Strange?oldid=79041"


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Benedictus: What is jazz, besides a lifelong quest?
I had an interesting and provocative phone call yesterday from a friend, for whom I had just recorded some jazz arrangements. He wanted to tell me that he thought I was the best "pre-Watrous" jazz soloist, in the [earlier] tradition of Jimmy Knepper and Lawrence Brown. That, of course, set me thinking about what I do, or attempt to do, when I improvise a solo.
1. Learning to hear and identify chords and chord changes (I got a head start when a new friend my freshman year of college asked me if I would play tuba in his Dixieland band; I had to learn root progressions and bass lines).
2. Learning to hear lines/melodies in my head which might fit those chord progressions.
3. Developing the technique on my instrument(s) to be able to channel those mental melodies into actual sound.
*This could lead to an entire discussion of the evolution of trombone technique, from J.J. Johnson showing that the trombone was capable of the type of technique which enabled him to keep up with the likes of Dizzy, Bird, etc. J.J. took that melodious style that the trombone is so capable of and transitioned it into the bop style that developed in the late '30s and '40s. I think the part that some players missed is that J. always played very melodically, no matter what the tempo. This may have spawned an entire generation of "technique for the sake of technique) players. Exceptions, of course, include Frank Rosolino, who was unbelievably technically adept, definitely had his own voice and style, but still played very musically; and Carl Fontana, a technical wizard who still played linearly and musically, another unique voice. (Frank and Carl, as different from one another musically as they could be, were still a "mutual admiration society.") There were earlier players who had astounding technique but were more "old-school," like Abe Lincoln and Tommy Turk. The melodic swing-era players that were heroes of the trombone were the likes of Lawrence Brown, Jack Teagarden and Trummy Young. Brown became a hero of mine at a young age, when my dad brought home a double album (remember those?) of Duke Ellington recordings from the late '30s-early '40s. Lawrence was unbelievable to me for his versatility of style, and remains so to this day. Later on I glommed onto the playing of Urbie Green, another player with amazing versatility, great chops, musicality and style. Others have contributed to my musical persona, I'm sure, but my heart belongs to those older players who knew how to sing a song through their instruments.


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Big news today in the worlds of inbound marketing and search. HubSpot's blog reported that Google might soon encrypt all the keyword referral data that it sends to your website. Simply put, this means that Google will at some point take away your ability to see what words visitors are searching for to arrive at your website.
It's a bummer, to put it mildly. Google is taking away valuable insight that agencies, marketers and businesses can use for brand building and revenue growth. Why would the un-evil Google do such a thing? Dolla' bills y'all.
Increased PPC Growth- Well of course you can get access to Google data, just spend some money on Google's AdWords and you will have access to a treasure trove of keyword data. This is good for Google, but do you want to continue to increase your PPC budget every month? And won't your competition be going to Google to do the exact same thing? All that might mean is higher PPC prices and lower click-through rates for you. Google wins again.
Only The Data Please - Google might also have the ability to charge for access to Google data specific to your site. You might not plan on spending any marketing budget on PPC but you still need to know the best words to use in building out your inbound marketing website or how to most appropriately name your site pages.
Only the Data In an App Please - What about folks like Hubspot? Maybe Google will provide HubSpot with an app that will let it access Google keyword data for a fee. If that is the case, how hefty would that fee be and how would it be passed on to end users of HubSpot and HubSpot's competitors?
How about some Consulting with that Data Please - Since they own the keyword data, Google could also choose to offer their expertise and guidance around that data - and truly extend their search monopoly.
Everyone wants more data, more insight. It's natural to seek information. But should you be more concerned about (and spend more time researching) your keywords or your customer buyer persona? Should you worry more about keywords or how what you actually do solves a business problem? If that is clear on your website. You will be OK. If it's not or your not sure then get some help. It's not gonna get any easier or less competitive out there.
Tools like HubSpot already provide valuable data like page visits, click through rates of calls-to-action and conversion rates. This data won't go away. Knowing which content on your site works and which doesn't is arguably more valuable that tweaking that content for a specific keyword - as is aligning that content with a specific buyer persona. For example, Virginia recently wrote a HubSpot focused post that received a good deal of traction for us. Given the popularity of Virginia's blog, we'll likely do more blogs focused on what to do soon after you start using HubSpot. We didn't need keywords to figure that out. We have always been focused on helping people optimized HubSpot. Solve problems well, and you'll be OK.


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