text:
pdpk signaling
Inhibitors, Antibodies and siRNAs on PDK Signaling Pathway are available at Selleck.
Patient records were examined using the Electronic Patient Journ
Posted on November 30, 2016 by pdpk3935
Patient records were examined using the Electronic Patient Journey System to obtain demographic data, documented reasoning for coprescription and prior prescribing information. Clinical outcome and adverse effects were also obtained from notes. Where documented, information regarding prescriber considerations to remove one of the antipsychotics or switch to clozapine was included. Prescription of high-dose antipsychotic
polypharmacy was calculated using aggregated percentages of British National Formulary (BNF) maximum doses. Patients receiving greater than 100% cumulatively were considered to be on high-dose medication. Results Patient demographics Around 288 (10%) patients were receiving antipsychotic polypharmacy (versus monotherapy), Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of whom 38 (13%) satisfied
the see more criteria above. A total of 31 patients (81.6%) were diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical disorder. Of the remaining 7 patients, 6 patients (15.8%) had a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder and 1 patient (2.6%) had borderline personality disorder. Their mean age was 47.2 years (standard deviation = 10.7, range 26–71) and 26 (68%) were male. A total of 15 (39.5%) subjects were White British; 9 (23.7%) Caribbean; 7 (18.4%) Black British; and 3 (7.9%) African. The remaining 4 (10.5%) patients were classified as Black and White, Mixed Black, White and Black Caribbean and Pakistani. Prior Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical antipsychotic prescribing patterns Figure 1 illustrates the total number of antipsychotics (excluding clozapine) patients Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical had been trialled on before initiation of polypharmacy regimes. Figure 1. Total number of antipsychotics
previously prescribed (excluding clozapine). Prior to initiation of antipsychotic polypharmacy, 9 patients (24%) had been prescribed two or more antipsychotics concurrently and 16 (48%) had been trialled on clozapine monotherapy. A total of 15 patients (39%) had received monotherapy trials of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical at least three antipsychotics, one of which included clozapine. Of the remaining 22 subjects (52%) who had never used clozapine, the drug was considered in 4 subjects (11%), 3 of whom refused due to concerns over potential TCL adverse effects and the requirement of regular blood testing. No documented reason was found for the remaining subject. Documented reasons for coprescribing The reasons for coprescribing (as shown in Table 1) were documented for 29 subjects (76.3%). For 9 patients (23.7%), no reason was found. Table 1. Documented reasons for coprescribing. Antipsychotic polypharmacy combinations The duration that subjects had been maintained on antipsychotic polypharmacy ranged from 6 months to greater than 9 years. Typical–atypical and atypical–atypical antipsychotic combinations were prescribed equally to 34 patients (89%). The sequencing of antipsychotic combination therapy was documented in 32 patients (76%). In three subjects, two antipsychotics were initiated concurrently.
25 The IL-23 pathway is no exception IL-23 has a role in maturat
25 The IL-23 pathway is no exception. IL-23 has a role in maturation of IL-17-secreting cells and was shown in animal models to be of major importance in mediating intestinal inflammation.26 Furthermore, blocking the p40 subunit of IL-23 (and also IL-12) by monoclonal
antibodies was shown to be efficacious in clinical studies.27 Thus, intuitively one can assume that the protective polymorphism in the IL-23 receptor results in down-regulation of a proinflammatory response. However, a trial in which anti-IL-17, the downstream cytokine of IL-23, was blocked was negative, and signs for exacerbation Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of inflammation could be detected.28 In hindsight, these results are not completely surprising in view of two studies in which intestinal (as opposed to peripheral) IL-17-secreting cells were shown to have a suppressor phenotype both in mice29 and in humans.30 Taken together, the function of the major Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical three pathways that were associated with CD by genetic studies is variable and can lead to many plausible
Afatinib price disease mechanisms and hence a clear paradigm by which the disease can be categorized and the pathogenic mechanisms elucidated and targeted is still not in hand. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Furthermore, the different genetic background of Asian and Western hemisphere CD patients may suggest that CD is not a disease that results from one mechanism, but rather a syndrome in which the various clinical outcomes represent a pattern Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of response to different pathogenic pathways. Therefore, it is not surprising that an attempt
to categorize CD patients according to their genetic background was only marginally successful31 and does not provide the needed predictive assay. A further hint of the reasons underlying the difficulties in classifying CD according to the genetic background may be that over 160 loci have been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (both CD and ulcerative colitis), of which many overlap. This type of overlap may be even more apparent when only colonic Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical CD is considered.32–34 Additional modalities may be used as markers to categorize CD: Endoscopy: Endoscopy offers the opportunity to observe the diseased organ directly. In order to be useful, standardized scales and definitions already were developed. The CD endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS)35 and the simple endoscopic index of severity (SES-CD)36 were developed and validated. The predictive value of colonic endoscopic findings was demonstrated in a study which showed that in colonic CD severe endoscopic lesions were associated with increased risk of colectomy.37 Similarly, severe post-surgical ileal mucosal lesions were associated with worse outcome.38 However, more data are needed to substantiate these observations and include them in an algorithm for selecting treatment. Biomarkers:C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered a marker of inflammation, and elevated CRP levels correlate with active disease.
This may allow true advances in the development of new markers o
This may allow true advances in the development of new markers of malignant potential. Haese and colleagues11 examined the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion and its relationship to pathology at radical prostatectomy. They used a urine assay to quantitate the TMPRSS2- ERG fusion. Among 74 men, 38% had non-organ-confined disease and 93% had Gleason score ≥ 7. The gene fusion level was significantly higher in men with non-organ-confined disease and those with Gleason score 7 versus 6. [Michael K. Brawer, MD] Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer screening was a major theme at Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the 2011 AUA meeting. There
is now randomized evidence that PSA screening reduces prostate cancer mortality for men aged 50 to 69 years.12,13 However, prior studies have suggested high rates of screening in elderly men with limited life expectancies who are unlikely to benefit.14 A new report from Gupta and colleagues examined rates of PSA screening in men from the Behavioral Risk Factor Metformin supplier Surveillance System survey Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (2001–2008).15 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical They found that men in their 70s were more likely to undergo screening than men aged 40 to 60 years, and that approximately 60% of men aged ≥ 80 years had a PSA test in the past year. These results suggest continued overutilization of screening in elderly men, as well as potential underutilization of baseline
PSA testing at a younger age. Indeed, prior studies have shown that PSA levels at a young age are associated with
the risk of prostate cancer and aggressive disease.16,17 Vickers and colleagues presented new data from the Malmo Preventive Project in Sweden, in which a Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical single PSA measurement at age 44 to 50 years predicted disease-specific mortality at a median follow-up of 27 years.1 In this study, 44% of all later prostate cancer deaths occurred in men with PSA levels in the top 10% at age 44 to 50 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical (> 1.5 ng/mL), indicating a high-risk population for whom careful follow-up is necessary. Another controversy is the appropriate age to discontinue screening. One recent study suggested that men with a PSA level < 1 ng/mL at age 60 years do over not require further PSA testing given the low risk of metastasis and death in this patient subset.18 In a new analysis from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, Loeb and Colleagues19 similarly reported a low overall risk of prostate cancer (6.5%) among men with an initial PSA < 1 ng/ mL in their 60s; however, 30.8% of these cases were life threatening. Moreover, despite starting out with a PSA<1 ng/mL, the subsequent PSA trajectory differed substantially between men without prostate cancer compared with those later diagnosed with non-high-risk and, particularly, high-risk disease. Thus, additional PSA measurements would have identified high-risk cases. However, the optimal number and timing of additional PSA screening require further study.
4),5) This anatomic alteration produces a reduction in cardiac ou
4),5) This anatomic alteration produces a reduction in cardiac output and stroke volume and limited lung expansion.6) Therefore, pectus excavatum can induce subjective symptoms of easy fatigability, shortness of breath with exercise or chest discomfort.7) In a previous report, this chest wall deformity was associated with alteration in RV morphology and function. The reason of RV dysfunction caused by pectus excavatum may be explained by the compression of the heart between the vertebral column and the depressed sternum. Right ventricle is less
concentric, more anterior position, and more distensible than the left ventricle. Therefore, this chest wall deformity can produce #Forskolin keyword# the global RV dysfunction, irrespective of rounded apex. Furthermore, suggestive
findings of RV dysplasia, such as a rounded RV apex, sacculations of the RV free wall, and hypertrophy of the moderate band, were more common in patients with pectus excavatum.8) The severity of pectus excavatum can be calculated by the Haller index that is derived from dividing Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the transverse diameter of the chest by the anteroposterior diameter as measured by computed tomography scanning or chest radiography. The Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Haller index significantly correlates with RV quantitative measurements, such as RV end-diastolic and end-systolic areas. Normal values of the Haller index are less than 2.5.9) Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical In this case, the Haller index of the patient was 4.2 which is consistent with a severe stage of disease.4) RV dysfunction is caused
by many etiologies such as chronic left heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease.10),11) In the present case, several etiologies for RV dysfunction Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical could be excluded from left heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or, congenital heart disease such as Ebstein's anomaly, hyperthyroidism, and arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia. Pectus excavatum is a rare cause of RV dysfunction. However, it needs to be suspected in all patents with RV dysfunction. Morphological deformation such as a round-shaped Resminostat RV apex is especially helpful to differentiate from other causes in patients with RV dysfunction.
Refer to the page 37-42 In general, sauna bathing (Finnish bath) has dry air and high temperature with 80℃ to 100℃ and has a relative humidity of 10% to 20%. Sauna bathing is a popular recreational activity that is generally considered to be safe. Although most people are safe and feel relax, sudden hyperthermic death can occur. Most of victims were middle-aged men, 84% were under the influence of alcohol, and 27% had cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, systemic hyperthermia is often prohibited for heart failure (HF) patients because it increases heart rate by 60% to 70%, change in blood pressure or hormone status, and, thereby potentially serious arrhythmia or cardiac arrest.
Controls included
86 age and sex-matched persons without
86 age and sex-matched persons without ischemic stroke, who visited our Pathobiology Laboratory for blood sampling. Baseline demographic data (age and sex) and conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), smoking, and previous coronary diseases, were recorded for the patients and controls. All the patients and controls gave their written informed consent, and the Medical Research Depsipeptide cell line Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences approved the study (approval number: 2817). Sample Collection Fasting blood samples were obtained from all the patients within 5 days of ischemic stroke Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and were immediately chilled on ice. Serum samples were collected within 30 minutes and were thereafter stored at -80ºC. The axis homocysteine enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Axis-Shield Diagnostics Ltd., United Kingdom) was used for the quantitative analysis of total L-homocysteine in serum. Vitamin B12 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and folate were measured using the SimulTRAC-SNB Radioassay Kit (DRG Instruments GmbH, Germany). Exclusion Criteria for Cases and Controls The exclusion criteria were concomitant history of previous ischemic strokes, cerebral Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical venous infarcts, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, renal impairment, pregnancy, postpartum state, consumption of oral contraceptives or drugs that
might affect serum vitamin B12, folate, and Hcy levels, brain mass or any malignancy, history of migraine, and vitamin B12 and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical folate deficiencies. Stroke Subtypes According
to the TOAST criteria, stroke subtypes were classified into large artery, cardioembolic, small artery/lacunar strokes, and strokes of other undetermined etiologies.2,25 All the patients were subtyped using a modified TOAST criterion.12 Patients with Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical incomplete data because of early death or other causes were gathered in the last group. Statistical Analysis All the analyses were done using SPSS (version 13) software (SPSS, Inc.). Student's t test was used for the quantitative variables. Chi-square test was used to analyze the qualitative findings. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and a P value smaller than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Age, sex, DM, and smoking were matched in both cases and controls (table 1). HTN and HLP Calpain were controlled by stratifying two levels. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate Hcy in the stroke subgroups and controls. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare the mean values of B12, folate, and Hcy. Table 1 Demographic data, risk factors, and serum Hcy, vitamin B12, and folate levels in the cases and controls Results One hundred seventy-one consecutive patients and 86 age and sex-matched controls from the same geographic area were selected.
(2) Cognitively challenging issues: eight professionals thought t
(2) Cognitively challenging issues: eight professionals thought that ten of the questions were potentially too demanding for the patients: questions 1 and 3 were viewed as too open-ended and as "two questions
in one", which might confuse the patients. The professionals were concerned that the task of defining something as 'most important", whether it is events or accomplishments, could be too difficult for some patients (questions 1, 6). (3) Unacceptable Selleckchem MK0683 self-praise: the words 'accomplishments' and 'proud' request the patients to identify their own successes (questions 5, 6), which was seen as potentially culturally inappropriate. Similarly, it was suggested Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that the request to pass on life-lessons could strike Danes as reflecting an unacceptable, grandiose sense of self (question 9). (4) Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Overlap: eight professionals thought that seven questions were too similar and overlapping. Question 3 was described as similar to questions 7 and 10, question 7 as similar to question 8, and question 6 as similar to questions 4 and 5. (5) Inappropriate words/phrases: in seven questions, seven professionals viewed words or phrases as potentially inappropriate. 'Life history' was considered artificial and intellectual (question 1). 'Roles' could be associated with acting and inauthentic living (questions 4 and 5). It was suggested that to
some people, family life is a setting where you relax and do not have to 'perform'. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Thus, although suitable for some family activities, the term 'accomplishments' Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical caused responses such as 'I do not have to accomplish in my family life' (questions 5, 6). The words 'would want' and 'would wish' (questions 9,
10) were thought of as too complicated, the phrase 'words of guidance' (question 10) was considered too technical, and 'instructions' (question 11) Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical too practical. Finally, some thought that 'to prepare for the future' referring to the bereaved was impossible and inappropriate to expect of anybody (question 11). (6) Interference with the lives of others: One professional felt that 'words of guidance' and 'instructions' from the patients could be stressful for the receivers if they felt obliged to follow advice they would have refused under other circumstances (questions 10 and 11) Findings in the patient data Patients, for the most part, answered without hesitation, implying that the questions were ADP ribosylation factor readily understood and accepted. Despite the specific issues summarized below, no patients indicated that any questions were incomprehensible, irrelevant or inappropriate. (1) Too existentially confronting? Very little patient data supports the professionals' concern regarding existentially confronting questions. No patients seemed adversely affected or refused to answer question 2; however, the question was only posed to four patients, suggesting that the therapists may have been uncomfortable with the question.
Skin patch, a novel method for collection of cytokines in sweat W
Skin patch, a novel method for collection of cytokines in sweat We therefore developed and validated a skin patch, a novel method to measure cytokines in the sweat.
The skin patch coupled with RIC, previously validated in healthy controls40 allowed identification of a specific pattern of neuroimmune dysregulation not previously detected in mildly depressed women. Women with MDD exhibited in sweat several fold elevations of proinflammatory cytokines, sympathetic (NPY) and sensory (SP and CGRP) neuropeptides, and diminished parasympathetic- associated neuropeptide, VIP.41 Cytokine levels in sweat closely related to the levels in plasma. This methodology avoids confounds to biomarker Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical measurements associated with previous methods Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of sweat collection (exercise,42 sauna heat,43 and blood drawing.37 An elevation in proinflammatory cytokines of this magnitude substantially increases medical morbidity including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. Cytokines also regulate neurotransmitters, hormones, and neuropeptides44 and modulate many behaviors, including mood, pain, and sickness behavior which are dysregulated in patients with depression. The elevated sympathetic (NPY)
and sensory (SP and CGRP)-associated neuroclick here peptides in both sweat patch eluates and plasma are consistent with their role in depression, This pattern of higher levels of proinflammatory Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical cytokines, lower VIP (parasympathetic activity), and higher Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical NPY (sympathetic activity) in patients with MDD, could be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in patients with MDD. The elevated levels of SP and CGRP reported here confirm previous reports of the role of these peptides in pain perception, and of painful somatic symptoms correlating with depression severity in up to two thirds of patients Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical with MDD.39 The lower VIP levels we observed are consistent with reduced parasympathetic tone that has been reported in depression, and with the effectiveness of parasympathetic vagal stimulation in treatment of refractory depression.45 Novel endocrine alterations in women with MDD: low 24-hour adiponectin and high nocturnal leptin concentration
MDD is associated with endocrine and immune system dysfunction and quite indirectly Electron transport chain disruption of multiple circadian systems. White adipose tissue, an organ with endocrine functions, secretes the adipocytokines, leptin and adiponectin. Leptin signals to the central nervous system (CNS) the amount of energy stores to regulate food intake and energy expenditure.46 If adequate body fat is present, energy can be expended for costly processes like reproduction and growth. Leptin modulates several endocrine axes, including the HPA axis by negative feedback at the hypothalamus, and elevated leptin has been associated with osteopenia (reviewed in ref 47). Leptin controls appetite, food intake, sexual maturation, and reproductive functions, and immune functions, all of which are disrupted in depression.
In children, the
In children, the recommended dose of acetazolamide is 2.5 mg/kg orally given every 12 hours with a maximum dose of 250 mg;73 treatment for 48 hours is usually sufficient for resolution of symptoms.40 The actual
mechanisms by which acetazolamide increases minute ventilation, leads to improvements in arterial blood gases, and reduces the ERK inhibitor symptoms of AMS remain poorly understood.71 The efficacy of acetazolamide has been attributed to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the kidneys resulting in bicarbonaturia and metabolic acidosis, which offsets Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the respiratory-induced alkalosis and allows chemoreceptors to respond more fully to hypoxia stimuli at altitude. Other mechanisms, however, are likely involved: Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the bicarbonaturia ultimately lowers the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) bicarbonate concentration, thereby lowering the CSF pH and stimulating ventilation.71 Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes are present on the luminal side of almost all capillary beds including the brain and can be inhibited by low doses of acetazolamide leading to a local Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical tissue retention of CO2 in the order of 1–2 mmHg.71,74 This slight increase in partial pressure of CO2 in the brain may stimulate profound changes in ventilation given the high CO2 ventilatory responsiveness of central chemoreceptors.74 In fact, inhibition of red blood cell and vascular endothelial
carbonic anhydrase has been shown to cause an almost immediate retention of CO2
in all tissues as the normal mechanisms for exchange and transport are attenuated. The resulting tissue acidosis is postulated to be an important stimulus to the hyperventilation associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibition.71,74 In addition Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to improvements in ventilation from tissue acidosis, other operative mechanisms likely include improvements in sleep quality from carotid body carbonic anhydrase inhibition and the effects of diuresis.71 Acetazolamide is a sulfonamide drug; patients with an allergic reaction Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to sulfonamide antibiotics are more likely to have a subsequent allergic reaction to a non-antibiotic sulfonamide drug, but this association appears to be due to a predisposition to allergic reactions rather than to a specific cross-reactivity with sulfonamide-based antibiotics.75 Nevertheless, TCL the general recommendation is that patients with known allergies to sulfa drugs should avoid acetazolamide.56 The most common side-effects of acetazolamide are peripheral and circumoral paresthesias, but loss of appetite and nausea have been reported. The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition in the mouth can also affect the taste of carbonated beverages. Higher doses (250 mg twice or three times a day) are associated with greater side-effects. Finally, the safety of acetazolamide in pregnancy has not been established, and it should be used in pregnancy only if the benefits clearly outweigh the risks.
Competing interests The authors declare that they have no compet
Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors' contributions BD, KD, RK, HSS-F, UU, KD, SF made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; BD, KD, RK, KD, SF have been involved in drafting Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the manuscript
or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and BD, KD, RK, HSS-F, UU, KD, SF have given final approval of the version to be published. Pre-publication history The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-684X/11/19/prepub Acknowledgments This work is supported by scientific Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical grant from Cancer League Switzerland (Oncosuisse, OSC 01696-04-2005),
the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), EURO IMPACT – Marie Curie PhD training grant for David Blum MD, and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical unrestricted grants from Sanofi-Aventis and Amgen. EURO IMPACT, European Intersectorial and Multidisciplinary Palliative Care Research Training, is funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013, under grant agreement n° [264697]).
There is some evidence that, where implemented, Advance Care Planning (ACP) has positive outcomes in terms of patients dying in their preferred place of care and death, increased satisfaction Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of family carers and reduced costs for health care [1-3]. This evidence often stems from research studies where ACP has been a study intervention with a particular focus on one aspect of ACP (preferred place of death). Evidence suggests that in usual practice,
ACP discussions are uncommon and rarely documented [4,5]. Some research has investigated views of patients about ACP [6-9]. Other studies have addressed the challenges of ACP for different www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html groups of Health Care Professionals (HCPs) such as general Metalloexopeptidase practitioners (GPs), community nurses (CNs) [10-13] and out of hours GPs [14]. This literature identifies issues about the timing, initiation, conduct and recording of discussions, communication and exchange of information between professionals. Overall, however, evidence about the communication practices necessary to enable engagement in ACP is limited.
They realize that each item of bad news raises their background l
They realize that each item of bad news raises their background level of anxiety, and, of course, severely depressed patients may believe that, they are personally responsible for the disasters that, occur daily around the globe. No one, to my knowledge, has done a controlled trial of "news avoidance" as an item of therapy. Much has been GPCR Compound Library written about the evolution of anxiety and its disorders.1-10 Here, rather than repeating familiar arguments, I have tried to break some new ground, looking at approaches
that may be relevant to research and treatment. I will concentrate on social aspects Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of anxiety, because nonsocial anxieties have been well covered, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical whereas there is still something to say about social anxiety, particularly the relation
of social anxiety disorder to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and the relation of anxiety to depression, and the relation of anxiety and depression to social competition. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Evolution is history, and our speculations about, how and why certain things evolved cannot, be tested directly. As W. H. Auden said, "History is, strictly speaking, the study of questions; the study of answers belongs to anthropology and sociology" In the case of evolutionary history, answers are also provided by psychology and physiology. Evolutionary speculations are heuristic, in the sense that, they may lead to the posing of questions which otherwise would not, have been thought of. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. Generalized anxiety disorder Here is an example of how contemplation of the EEA may generate ideas. A team from the University Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of British Columbia construed GAD as an unsuccessful search for safety.11 They Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical addressed "three distinctive features of GAD: the undue persistence
of the anxiety and worry; the excessive generality of the anxiety, and the lackluster response of GAD to cognitive therapy procedures [...] People with GAD persist, in multiple, persistent searches for safety, but they seldom succeed in achieving lasting satisfaction." The big question is: where does safety come from? This becomes clear if we imagine that during part, of the EEA human beings went, through a stage of living in hierarchically organized groups, much as Endonuclease most monkeys and apes do today. In such a group, most, rewards are dependent on the animal's social rank, and the only means of social advancement is to rise in rank. An ambitious chimpanzee challenges the animal who ranks above, who probably resists the challenge, and a ritualized fight, ensues. This may go on and off for many months, until either the challenger gives up, or the higher-ranking animal is deposed.
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text:
Students Of Color Wrote Names On Whiteboard. Other Students Claimed The List Was Racist. A Professor Now Faces Termination.
By Ashe Schow
Oct 20, 2021 DailyWire.com
101cats/Getty Images
In an astounding case from Coastal Carolina University (CCU), an innocent list on a whiteboard may have doomed a theater professor for not being sufficiently outraged along with angry students who misread the situation.
The mess started on September 16, according to the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), when a visiting artist was talking to two students of color after class. One of these students said it would be nice to connect with other students of color in the theater department, and the visiting artist suggested it might be good for the non-white students to meet as a group.
This visiting artist, who has not been named, wrote out names of non-white students on a whiteboard while the small group brainstormed ideas. The students and visiting artist left the names on the whiteboard when they left the room, leaving the list to be discovered by the next class.
In today's "outrage first, think never" culture, students in the incoming class saw the names and jumped to the conclusion that the list of non-white students must have something to do with racism.
As FIRE reported, the Department of Theatre's Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Committee spoke with students and faculty involved in the incident, later determining that the names on the whiteboard were not there due to malice, but as "a resource for newer students who are looking to be in community with other BIPOC [Black, Indigenous, People of Color] students." Even though the protesting students were clearly wrong about the source of the whiteboard, the DEI committee apologized to them for being offended. In an email, the committee wrote that the "faculty and students involved as well as the Theatre Department as a whole are deeply sorry to anyone who was affected by this incident."
The visiting artist also apologized for her actions, calling them "thoughtless and careless," even though, again, she did nothing wrong.
Following this, Dr. Steven Earnest, a theatre professor and former Fulbright Scholar, responded to the email from the DEI committee by writing: "Sorry but I dont think its a big deal. Im just sad people get their feelings hurt so easily. And they are going into Theatre?"
He was instantly criticized for his remarks, and he followed up by saying he was "just defending our guest artist."
Earnest was then accused of being "racially insensitive and dismissive of students of color," according to FIRE. As is often with these cases, students started demanding Earnest be fired and stopped going to theater classes, claiming it was because they were offended by Earnest's emails.
On September 20, the dean of CCU's College of Humanities and Fine Arts, Claudia Bornholdt, told Earnest to send her his syllabus and not to teach his classes. It was effectively a suspension. FIRE sent a letter to CCU to defend Earnest's Free Speech rights. The school instead decided to launch a termination process against Earnest.
"It was upsetting to be accused of racism by students and others with whom I have never interacted," Earnest told FIRE. "But it was even more upsetting to have these false accusations ratified by a university that I have called home for over fifteen years."
Earnest is being legally assisted by FIRE's Faculty Legal Defense Fund, which launched this year to provide protection to public university faculty's civil liberties.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In 1880, a less common occupation for the Kornfeld family was Makes Cigars. The most common Kornfeld occupation in the USA was Laborer. 33% of Kornfeld's were Laborers. Laborer, Cigar Dealer and Cigar Packer were the top 3 reported jobs worked by Kornfeld.
There are 642 immigration records available for the last name Kornfeld. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in Canada, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure.


text:
Stability and change in forest-based communities: a selected bibliography.
Author(s): Catherine Woods Richardson
Source: Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-366. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 36 p
Station: Pacific Northwest Research Station
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-366
This bibliography lists literature dealing with the concept of community stability, the condition of forest-based communities, and the relations between forest management and local community conditions. Most citations are from the 1970s to the mid 1990s, though some particularly pertinent earlier works also appear. The emphasis is on forest-based communities in the Pacific Northwest, but citations from across the United States and other industrialized nations, such as Canada, New Zealand, and the Scandinavian countries, also are included.
You may send email to pnw_pnwpubs@fs.fed.us to request a hard copy of this publication.
Richardson, Catherine Woods, comp. 1996. Stability and change in forest-based communities: a selected bibliography. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-366. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 36 p
Bibliography, community stability, forest dependency, timber dependency, sustained yield, forest-based communities
Research publications of the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Cascade Range, Oregon: 1998 supplement.
Understanding the social and economic transitions of forest communities.
Delimiting communities in the Pacific Northwest.
https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/7588


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Caracas has been described as the place of eternal summer, and its beautiful climate in the 900 metre high city is complemented by beautiful natural surroundings. The capital of Venezuela has a city scraping skyline that will make even the most developed of European cities jealous. The city is partitioned from the sea by a sprawling mountain covered in lush greenery, and makes for an awe-inspiring sight when looking out from your hotel or hostel window. More than four centuries of history make up the fascinating back story of the city, which has developed in to the cultural capital of the country.
The museums are praised for being world class, and the wide range of cuisine available is praised with areas of the city such as Sabana Grande serving arepa dishes, and upmarket cuisine sold in restaurants in Las Mercedes. Those looking to meet new people and get out there to party certainly won't be disappointed either - there are plenty of trendy bars and night clubs that are open all night. Both types of shopping solutions are well represented, with shiny new shopping malls cropping up next to traditional flea markets and smaller boutiques.
Hotel The VIP Caracas is a deluxe base in Caracas, providing a a comfortable stay.
Fly from London - Caracas & Stay for 3 nights with 5 star accommodation. Room only.


Regular whipcord would be sufficient, but ventile would make it more utilitarian.
IHSH-76 style heavy denim CPO with a navy or black quilted lining.
I will buy all IH quilted or lined CPOs!
We have so (too) many type III's. We do a 14oz version with pockets, in indigo and overdyed, not long enough in the body?
Sorry, but I requested a vest.
With longer body and lighter weight.
Current lineup just shows (short) 21oz vests.
I was thinking multiple times of buying a modified Type III and cut off the sleeves by myself, but I don't like the fraying on the armholes then.
@van Olzon wasn't there somebody who had cut the sleeves off his duck type III by a tailor? I think that looked perfectly neat.
thoughts on fleece/alpaca lining a type 3 coduroy jacket including the collar? something like the 533 but fully lined including the collar on the 69/70..
My Iron Heart shirts all tend to lean towards the blue spectrum, and I would love a red chambray western or work shirt in short and long sleeves.
This! Bring back salt & cayenne/jalapeño/pepper mock twist chambray workshirts.
The burgundy solid UHF's didn't do that great two seasons ago (mystery to me as I have the CPO version and it's bloody glorious). I'd like to see what you describe but it isn't likely.


text:
Мандолина је жичани (као и кордофони) инструмент, врло пријатне боје тона. Мандолина је од дрвета а има резонантну крушкасту кутију и малу хватаљку - врат. Због краткоће врата, жице су дуплиране да би се појачала снага тона. Мандолина је у Италији национални инструмент. Име је добила по свом облику. Мандолина је заправо назив за малу мандолу (италијански -{il mandolino}- је деминутив од -{la mandola}-), а мандола је добила назив по италијанској речи за бадем - -{la mandorla}-, односно хебрејској мендел. На Балкану је присутна у далматинском подручју као врло много и радо употребљаван инструмент. Мандолина је инструмент који данас ретко може видети. Најчешће када је у питању народна музика или у појединим аранжманима забавне музике. Настала је од лауте, инстумента на коме су свирали трубадари и трувери.

Сврстава се у кордофоне трзалачке инструменте. По подешавању и регистрима идентична је виолини, а свирачко умеће је готово једнако као код виолине. Ипак овај инструмент не ужива такав углед као виолина. Бројне су предрасуде о мандолини као инструменту мање вредности с ограниченим могућностима наспрам другим инструментима, мада нису засноване на чињеницама већ произлазе из непознавања стварних могућности и вредности тог инструмента.

Мандолина је често привлачила пажњу композитора. Вивалди је написао два концерта за две, те један за једну мандолину, све то у пратњи гудачког оркестра и чембала. Моцарт је мандолину користио у две песме из 1781. године – -{Die Zufriedenheit}- (К349) и -{Komm, liebe Zither}- (К351), а његова најпознатија употреба мандолине је пратња Дон Ђиованијеве серенаде -{Deh, vieni alla finestra}- из истоимене опере (1787), сликовита врста која се појављује и у Севиљском бријачу (1782) Ђиованија Пајсиела. Чак је и Бетовен као младић компоновао шест композиција за мандолину и чембало од којих су пронађене само четири (две сонатине, варијације и -{Adagio ma non troppo}-). Мандолина је такође била инструмент на коме је млади Паганини учио да свира од свог оца пре него што је научио да свира виолину.

Делови мандолине

Корпус

Главни део инструмента је корпус или резонантна кутија крушколиког облика, који је са задње стране врло испупчен. Од корпуса зависи сва вредност, снага и изражајност инструмента, а има и снажан утицај на квалитет тона. Састављен је од горње даске – гласњаче, која је направљена од јеловине. Испод гласњаче се налази подупирач односно дашчица (попут "душице" код гудача) која подупире гласњачу и стоји окомито на њу, а спречава да се гласњача искриви што би резултирало одређеним губитком звучности. У центру гласњаче налази се округли отвор – звучни отвор из којег излазе звучни таласи. Око њега се налази заштита најчешће направљена од корњачевине или ебановине, а служи за заштиту гласњаче од удара трзалице. Остатак корпуса састављен је од јавора, и то од низа савијених и слепљених дашчица. Све дашчице требају бити израђене од истог комада дрва и сложене по истом редоследу. Што је корпус лакши и дашчице тање, то је инструмент квалитетнији.

Врат

Врат је причвршћен на корпус инструмента, а његова површина мора бити на истој висини с гласњачом. На врат се поставља тастатура од махагонија или ебановине која досеже до рупе на гласњачи, па често и изнад ње. На тастатури се налази 22 до 29 прагова направљених од месинга, који је деле на поља. Суседни прагови су међусобно удаљени за интервал мале секунде. На горњем делу хватаљке налази се седло од кости. Седло усмерава жице, а не сме бити превисоко, јер ће и то резултирати лоше угођеном мандолином. Лако га је исправити продубљујући прорезе за жице. Иако је прениско жица ће се наслањати на први праг те ће зујати или звучати пола тона више.

Глава

На врат се наставља глава инструмента такође од јавора. Механика на којој су причвршћене жице уграђена је у глави инструмента. Састављена је од 8 кључева (чивија), са сваке стране по четири, на којима су намотане жице, а служе за регулисање напетости жица. Механизам кључева се израђује од челика и састоји се од три дела: ваљка с назубљеним крајем, вијка који се уклапа у зупце ваљка и кључа који се углављује у вијак. Његовим окретањем покреће се механизам чиме се регулише напетост жице.

Остали делови

Жице су постављене у четири пара, угођена у квинтама (г д1 а1 е2). Прва и друга начињене су од глатког челика, а трећа и четврта су намотане око свилене струне нитима посребреног бакра. Коњић је помичан, направљен од тврдог дрва (ебановине), а део преко којег прелазе жице је од слоноваче. Има широку базу која савршено приања на гласњачу. Пожељно је да је коњић виши на подручју четврте жице, а нижи на подручју прве, јер четврта жица, због дебљине, при осциловању има већу амплитуду, те би прениски коњић проузроковао превише шумова. С друге стране, на вишим жицама би превелика висина коњића отежавала свирање у позицији.

Трзалица
Старе мандолине су се свирале с трзалицама од седефа или дрва. У неким деловима се користила трзалица од гушчијег пера, одатле и потиче назив "-{penna}-" што у преводу значи перо. Модерна мандолина најбоље звучи свирана трзалицом од корњачиног оклопа, која мора бити заобљена, еластична и издужена (боља је што је дужа), а добра замена су и пластичне. Квалитета тона такође зависи и од трзалице.

== Историја==
Историја мандолине уско је повезана са историјом лутње. У 16. веку настаје мандора с 4 једноструке или двоструке жице. Појављује се у Француској, Немачкој и Енглеској. Италијански облик је мандола с 5 или 6 једноструких или двоструких жица угођених у квартама с једном терцом. Назив мандола први пут се користи 1589. у Фиренци. Назив мандолина први користи Страдивари за умањену мандолу. Од средине 18. века појављује се наполитанска (напуљска) мандолина која има 4 двоструке металне жице угођене у квинтама као код виолине и тон се производи пером или трзалицом од корњачевине. На врату су усађени метални прагови, коњић је помичан, а жице се везују на крају тела на усађене клинове. Уз овај облик постоје и миланска, ђеновска, ломбардијска, венецијанска и сицилијанска. Оне се битно разликују од наполитанске мандолине, јер имају облик мале лутње те је понекад називају "-{Liuto piccolo}-" или "-{Liuto soprano}-".

Миланска, ђеновешка и ломбардијска имају по 6 двоструких струна од црева угођених у квартама с једном терцом, венецијанска је иста као ломбардијска без 6. пара струна и све имају цревнате струне и цревнате прагове на врату, а брешанска има 4 једноструке жице. Италијани су раширили те инструменте углавном подучавајући бечку и паришку аристократију.

У 18. веку мандолина је била један од најпопуларнијих инструмената у Италији и Француској. Свирана је у свим социјалним групама - од најнижег сталежа до аристократије. Постоји врло богата барокна литература за мандолину, од великих мајстора барокне музике као што су Вивалди, Скарлати, Хандел, Паизиело до оних мање познатих Гервасио, Лече, Сесере, Леоне, Денис, Бони, Валентини, Етерарди, Барбела, Конфорто, Ламберти, Ригиери, Каудиосо и др. Средином 18. века штампају се прве школске књиге за мандолину а најпознатије су из школа Г. Леонеа, П. Дениса, Г. Фоучетија, Г. Б. Гервасија. Њихове школе се базирају на проблемима као што су лествични низови, растављени акорди, арпеђио преко две жице, прескок жица и украси. Школе барокних мајстора отварају нове начине варирања. Ове школе изврсно постављају десну руку, јер се све композиције морају извести с лакоћом. Савладавају се брзи пасажи, односно сви технички проблеми барокне музике. Не употребљава се тремоло, тоналитети су до 3 предзнака. Распон тонова је краћи јер су тада мандолине имале мање поља него данашње.

На прелазу 18. у 19. век, долази до мешања две традиције због политичко културних прилика. Те две традиције су италијанска и аустријска, јер као у Италији, мандолина је имала свој процват и у Аустрији, поготово у Бечу. Тамо се свирало на брешанској мандолини, због утицаја Бортолација који је тај инструмент довео у Беч (он је први написао школу мандолине на немачком језику). Композиције за мандолину писали су познати бечки композитори као што су Моцарт, Бетовен, Хумел и др.

До 19. век - мандолом су се називале готово све мандолине с пластичним жицама (бресцијанска, ломбардијска, венецијанска и сл), а од 19. века, због потребе да се створи једна породица трзалачких инструмената који би оформили квартет или оркестар попут гудачког, мандола постаје назив за инструмент по облику сличан наполитанској мандолини, само већих димензија с дубљим жицама (попут виоле код гудача). Осим мандоле тада се израђују и афирмишу инструменти који би код гудача заменили виолончело и контрабас. Тако су настале алт мандоле, тенор мандоле, мандолончело и мандолон.

Усавршавањем наполитанске мандолине, увођењем металних жица и модерних кључева, те продужавањем хватаљке до 25, па чак и до 29 прагова, дошло је до потребе да се за мандолину пишу све захтевнија и виртуознија дела. У почетку у оркестрима су се најчешће свирале обраде разних оперских дела, али с временом се писало све више оригиналних дела за мандолину. Штампана су бројна дела концертне музике за мандолину. У Италији су живели изврсни виртуози, композитори, градитељи и педагози који су допринели афирмацији мандолине, те би се могло рећи и златном добу мандолине и мандолинских оркестара. Главни представници романтизма су Рафаел Калаце – мандолиниста, градитељ, композитор и педагог, те Карло Маниер. Њихове школе се надограђују на школе барокних мајстора. Честа је употреба тремола, дуо – стил, вишегласја (двохвати, трохвати), проширен је опсег тонова, вежбе пролазе кроз све тоналитете дура и мола. С обзиром да су Р. Калас и Ц. Маниер и њихови следбеници писали најзахтевније композиције, њихове школе најбоља су припрема за свладавање мандолинске романтичке литературе. Од осталих композитора за мандолину најпознатији су Маручели, Раниери, Аморосо, Леонарди, Гразијани – Волтер, Бранзоли, Бертучи, Де Кристофаро, Силвестри, Беленги, Франсија, Марзутини, Ботачијари, Макиочи и др.

Референце

Литература

 K. Wolki: History of the Mandolin
 J. Tyler, P. Sparks: The mandolino and the Neapolitan mandoline, Oxford 1989.
 P. Sparks: The classical mandoline, Oxford 1995.
 I. Kenk-Kalebić: Tehnika sviranja mandoline, diplomski rad

  A comprehensive chord dictionary.
  A case-style chord dictionary.
  A very comprehensive chord dictionary.
  Instructional guide.

Спољашње везе

 Accademia Mandolinistica Pugliese (Puglia-Italy)

 List of mandolin method books from 1629 to present
 List of composers for the mandolin with more than 1900 names. Includes mandolin solos, ensembles, concertos, chamber music, and bluegrass. Japanese website, but needed parts are in English
 Works for orchestras that contain small parts for mandolin. Japanese website, but needed parts are in English.
 Works for mandolin or with major parts for mandolin.
 19 works from Italian composers, during the mandolins first rise, copies from manuscript into modern notation.

Жичани инструменти

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
U.K. Parliament Backs Boris Johnson's Brexit Deal, Clearing Major Hurdle
Vote a significant but not final step to allow U.K. to leave EU on Jan. 31
The pound jumped and U.K. stocks rose after Prime Minister Boris Johnson scored a decisive election victory on the promise of delivering Brexit. But despite investor optimism, the British government still faces a number of challenges. Photo: Jason Alden/Bloomberg News
Max Colchester
BiographyMax Colchester
@MaximColch
Max.Colchester@wsj.com
LONDON—Britain's new Parliament voted overwhelmingly Friday to back Prime Minister Boris Johnson's Brexit accord, a significant step toward the country's departure from the European Union on Jan. 31.
The vote isn't the final endorsement that will be needed to pass the agreement into law—that is set to happen next month—but it symbolizes the end of years of political infighting over Brexit.
Mr....


text:
The 'I' in LGBTIQ+ is more than about pride, it's a human rights issue
Ruwendi Wakwella 29 June 2019 27 June 2019 9
Cody Smith is the Intersex Project Worker at A Gender Agenda. Photos: Supplied.
Pride Month is about many things. It's a time to reflect on the myriad challenges the LGBTIQ+ community has faced – and continues to face – around the world, a time to celebrate diversity and love, and an opportunity to educate, acknowledge, and grow.
But while Pride flags are raised skyward and traffic signals reflect the uniquely diverse community of Canberra, a marginalised group of individuals often get swept to the sidelines of the conversation. A group whose struggles still reflect the desperate need for enlightened discussion and cultural, social, and legislative reform.
"Most people assume that identifying as intersex is the same as identifying as transgender, and that often conflates the issues," Cody Smith says. Cody is the Intersex Project Worker at A Gender Agenda, an organisation committed to progressing the rights of Intersex, Trans, and gender-diverse people.
For the past two years, Cody has run an intersex peer support program that provides specialised knowledge and resources on a one-on-one basis, but that program has recently lost its funding.
"The Intersex Project worker position is one of only a few paid positions in Australia, and was originally funded by the Canberra LGBTIQ Community Consortium (the Consortium)," Sel Cooper, executive director of AGA said.
"However, the Consortium's work finalised early this year, ending the funding for the position.
"AGA has been able to commit finances to the role until December 2019, in the hope to secure further funding for the role."
However, they are confident they will still be able to manage peer support services for intersex people, and continue to encourage contact.
"I found out I was intersex when I was seventeen years old," Cody said. "That's when my parents decided to tell me. My doctor at the time described me as a one-in-a-million case. It took almost ten years before I met another intersex person."
Intersex people are individuals born with physical sex characteristics that don't fit the normative medical descriptions of male or female bodies. As an umbrella term, this includes over 40 different intersex variations, spanning anatomical variations, variations in reproductive organs, and even hormonal and chromosomal patterns.
"People who are born with intersex variations embody a huge diversity of gender identities and expressions," Cody explains. South African athlete Caster Semenya's recent battle with the Court of Arbitration in Sport is a classic example of how these variations present themselves, and how little the broader community has come to understand them.
And this is a trend that manifests itself, even in the highest echelons of medical authority. Recently, more than 50 intersex-led organisations from around the world issued a joint statement condemning the World Health Organisation's decision to classify intersex variations as "disorders of sex development" in the International Classification of Diseases 11 (ICD-11).
Several misconceptions prevail with regard to being intersex.
It is this pathologisation of the intersex experience that has caused some of the greatest challenges to the community. Newborns who present physical intersex characteristics are often subjected to surgical procedures in an attempt to 'normalise' them. And while this may have been what some parents thought was in the best interest of the child, the fact that surgeries are being performed on bodies that have not consented to it forms the core argument of bodily autonomy for the community.
"The common story we get is usually people coming in telling me 'I've always felt different, I have all these surgical scars and my parents and doctors won't tell me where I got them from, I think I was born intersex," Cody said.
"The importance of having a peer support group is so that we can build a supportive environment for the community," they said. "We have different experiences, different identities, but we are all united by common human rights issues.
"A peer support program can tap into collective wisdom on the subject. It can help people stand up for their rights," Cody continued.
"Through the program, we encourage good intersex care, bodily autonomy, and consent. We discuss what it means to have or not to have surgery, and we aim to stop non-consensual surgery."
Cody dedicates 20 hours a week to the program. They said that they have even been approached by parents of intersex children, seeking resources on how best to address the situation.
"It was slow growth at first," they said. "It took a while to establish trust, but now we have around a dozen individuals in the program each month.
"I suspect that when awareness is raised in the broader community, that number will grow."
A Gender Agenda supports intersex, trans, and gender-diverse people.
Statistics are hard to come by, especially for individual states and territories. Surgeries to alter anatomical features are not performed in Canberra, so parents take their newborns interstate to Sydney or Melbourne instead. The national statistic is at 1.7 per cent or one in 2000 births, which is an indication that so many are yet to acknowledge or realise that they could identify as intersex. The work Cody does aims to break down those barriers so that more people can come forward.
"It's about breaking down shame," they said, "and encouraging internal pride."
Pride. Being truly comfortable in one's own skin. We could all use a little more of that in the world.
For more information on A Gender Agenda, visit their website.
Tags a gender agenda bodily autonomy Cody Smith intersex intersex children
One Response to The 'I' in LGBTIQ+ is more than about pride, it's a human rights issue
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John Moulis 3:07 pm 29 Jun 19
The first I heard of Intersex was an episode of The Jerry Springer show in the 1980s.
Why I remember it was that it wasn't the usual scripted Springer trash TV with fake fights and trailer trash, this one was a serious discussion about the subject.
The interview guest was a person who looked like a perfectly normal man. A southern American man with longish hair wearing jeans and a flannie shirt with a leather waistcoat. He looked a bit like Billy Ray Cyrus or another country singer.
He explained that he was born with both male and female organs, that he wasn't strictly male or female. The questions from the audience were sensible as well.
Since then I don't think I've ever seen the subject mentioned in the media at all. Intersex seems to be – like homosexuality was in the 1950s – the love that dare not speak its name.
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