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10 years of PNG Attitude in the National Library archives
NOOSA – In 2009, the National Library of Australia sought permission from me to "provide public access in perpetuity" to PNG Attitude.
"The Library aims to build a comprehensive collection of Australian publications to ensure Australians have access to their documentary heritage now and in the future," said senior librarian, Edgar Crook at the time.
"It is [also] committed to preserving electronic publications of lasting research or cultural value. Since [1996] we have been identifying online publications and archiving those that we consider have national significance."
Mr Crook said the Library would take the necessary preservation action to keep PNG Attitude accessible down the years even with hardware and software changes over time, adding that its national database is shared by over 1,000 Australian libraries.
Well that was 10 years ago and, nowadays, each 15 October, the National Library takes a snapshot of the blog to ensure all the articles and comments it contains will live on into the future.
So let's take a look at these snapshots with a short extract from each. While what I reproduce here are random selections, I think the 10 stories effectively represent the kind of content that will be familiar to readers as the heart of PNG Attitude.
2009 – A story with the power to keep on giving
(Keith Jackson)
A boychild was born in Goroka Hospital in the Eastern Highlands just five minutes after a visiting dignitary happened by in March 2008. So impressed were the parents, Esau and Lina Kitgi from isolated Degi village, they named the baby in honour of the visitor … Australian prime minister, Kevin Rudd.
And from time to time since, with the help of AAP correspondent Ilya Gridneff, we have kept track of Baby Kevin's progress. Well he's reached another milestone in his short life – first words have been uttered. "He's growing up so quickly, talking now too," says proud Dad, Esau. Well, sort of. The 18-month old has managed "mum" and "dad" but, as Gridneff points out, "he struggles with his namesake's favourite phrase 'programmatic specificity'."
2010 – Seeking goal compatibility in a risky climate
('Dexter Bland')
I don't believe that passing laws and winning court battles will reduce investment risk in PNG over the long term, and large scale mines are long life assets. Governments can change, laws can be challenged in court. In extreme cases (e.g., Bougainville) there is the possibility of violent revolt.
The only way for resource companies to feel secure for the longer term is to win hearts and minds by demonstrating that they can provide a lasting benefit to local communities, as well as the broader population, with minimal cost to the environment. People like Ross Garnaut, and the new management at Ok Tedi Mining, have been leading the way in these areas and I was baffled by the recent attacks on Garnaut.
As for Ramu, I think its importance is symbolic. Others here have described it as a defining moment - I hope it can be. I hope the result is a clearer understanding by all sides of the others' point of view, and a rewritten "pact" between all parties, government, miners and landowners. There is certainly room for miners to lift their game, to contribute more, and to reduce their environmental impact.
And there is room for the government to monitor, tax and police miners more effectively on behalf of their citizens. In exchange the miners want more security for their investments. These goals aren't incompatible.
2011 – Safeguarding heritage: guardians of the river
In 2005 A report by the World Wide Fund for Nature and the Alliance of Religions and Conservation, entitled Beyond Belief, reached a critical conclusion. "Sacred sites," it said, "are the oldest method of habitat protection on the planet." Yet these biological and cultural treasures were then and are still under assault — as are the people who have been safeguarding them for millennia.
Hence the Sacred Land Film Project is producing a four-part film series, Losing Sacred Ground, which exposes environmental assaults on indigenous sacred landscapes and promotes strategies to protect the integrity of these endangered places.
2012 – Cheap shot: curbing the destructive male egos of PNG
(Martyn Namorong)
Some guy gets beaten up and won't stop acting like a bitch in order to recover lost pride. And because society seems too polite to tell them to put their tail between their legs and retreat, they give them their 15 minutes of notoriety and hot air. So the consolation for a broken ego is that one is allowed to wake up the neighbourhood at 1 am and declare to everyone that you would have beaten the other guy's butt but for the 'cheap shot' he gave you.
Of course the entire neighbourhood knows your butt got whopped, but they'll be silent and enjoy hearing you hang yourself. Eventually the alcohol wears off or the drunkard becomes satisfied that the rather large wound in his ego has been treated and he stops bitch'n. This sort of behaviour by a vast majority of men in PNG, whether under the influence of liquor or not, has significant developmental implications.
2013 – Will you help the brave man on the mobile phone
It's a tough gig. Just imagine. Just imagine yourself in this situation. You're lying on your back in hospital. You've been confined to bed for over a year now. The old wheelchair with the sagging seat rests against a wall. Your bedsores have put paid to the small pleasure of using it to propel around the wards. You're realistic about your life situation. The accident in 1999 was so long ago you've adjusted to the reality you're a paraplegic, never to walk again; the promising career of economist and senior banker a distant dream.
Your personal calculus tells you that you're fortunate to be alive and amongst your own people; resident in a hospital where your wisdom is beneficial and your calm presence valued and you're treated with care. Furthermore, you are a respected figure in a wider community. For a start, you are writer of books in a country of few authors. You're an award-winning essayist and storyteller. You compose your telling words lying flat on your back and punching the tiny keys of a mobile phone.
2014 – Kombani blong me, Joseph Miulge
(Mathias Kin)
An extremely good-natured, stocky old feller – Joseph - used to come down from the high slopes of Mt Wilhelm every now and then to stay with his daughter, Dorin Bas, at the DPI compound near Kundiawa, where I also resided in 2004. Joseph called me "kombani blong mi" and I called him the same. After I learned his age and who he was, my esteem for the bloke increased greatly.
I was amazed that, at his advanced stage in life, he exhibited the stamina and charisma of a 30 year old. Many times we shared a beer at our local Kaugras Club. He smokes Cambridge brand cigarettes and even chuckled about the opposite sex. Since I had been indulging in the history of Simbu, I couldn't let this fellow out of my sight every time I had the opportunity to talk with him. And what a historian he was.
2015 – The wolves are devouring us in broad daylight
(Busa Jeremiah Wenogo)
The phrase "Papua New Guinea has gone to the dogs" is no longer relevant in describing the extent of corruption in our country. It does not go nearly far enough. We all stand astonished at the magnitude and pace at which corruption has accelerated in PNG in the last decade or so. The state of service delivery in most parts of PNG is at a pitiful state even when we are in the middle of a "boom" - the boom was supposed to usher in a new era in our nation's history where we could look forward to a more equitable and fairer society.
Yet in the 40 years of its nationhood, PNG has gone from a progressive nation to one of the most backward developing nations on earth. The irony is that, all this time, we have been rated as one of the most resource rich nations. Thanks largely to PNG LNG we have witnessed unprecedented growth in our economy in the last decade yet I can't help wondering what we were raving about when the reality is that this project was not as "transformational" as it was predicted to be.
2016 – The new generation of sons: May they be strong & good
(Marlene Dee Gray Potoura)
Christian schools in PNG are no better than other schools when it comes to caring for students' innermost needs. Schools run privately are all about money. It is a business and students are simply the wares in which they deal. Believe it or not, that is a fact. Is this a cause of the 'lost generation'?
The time when our first national leaders like Paulias Matane matured was not an era of a lost generation. This was a success generation. Is there a more recent and more serious problem in the way our schools are developing students? If students are neglected in their homes, should Christian schools step in?
"A man who treats his wife like a Princess is raised by a Queen." Is this saying true? How about, "A man who treats his wife like Trash is raised by a Hag." What do you think? Is the "male in-between lost generation era" the fault of women? Did we neglect children who turned out to be losers and brutes? Can we, as women change this generation of modern readers, iPad fanatics, video gamers and internet nerds into better men? Are we as strong as our good men of that earlier era?
2017 -We came seeking your help; you denied our liberty & tortured us
(Abdul Aziz Adam)
We have been held in your country against our wishes and have been denied our Liberty and have been tortured in your country. We came to Australia for seeking Asylum. Australia has signed the 1951 UN refugee convention, however they deliberately broke it and have not offered us Asylum. The UN, UNHCR, Amnesty International, Save the Children, HRW and many other organisations have rebuked Australia's treatment of us here in Manus detention centre.
Please do not go along with this mistreatment of humans. We do not want to move into the new centres in Manus town. We do not feel safe there or anywhere in PNG. We cannot work or provide for our families. We cannot be respected by people in society here. We don't want to settle in PNG. We came to Australia. Australia should offer us Asylum. Give us to a safe country like New Zealand. New Zealand has already offered to take us. We will happily start a new lives there.
Your own constitution says that we are held illegally here.PNG High Court said last year that Lombrum detention is illegal and now in the end of October, Australian government said we are closing it. But they have built another three centres in town, where they will dump us in there for years. How is this not illegal also? What words and phrases have been changed to make it not illegal?
2018 – K38 million Maserati purchase made through Sri Lanka 'backyard firm', Bryan Kramer slams O'Neill govt & demands it 'come clean'
Prominent Papua New Guinea Opposition MP and Member for Madang Bryan Kramer has slammed APEC Minister Justin Tkatchenko for the purchase of 40 luxury Maserati sedans, which he says would retail in PNG for at least $400,000 (K950,000) each taking into account excise duty, clearance and freight. And he's in possession of what he says is a leaked invoice (right) to back him up. The cars will be used to ferry world leaders attending the APEC leaders' summit that PNG will be hosting in Port Moresby next month.
"While the country faces a polio outbreak, failing health and education systems, systemic corruption, and escalating law and order issues, prime minister O'Neill appears to be more concerned about impressing world leaders," Kramer said in a statement. "The bottom line is, we cannot afford to be this extravagant. Our country is broke and the O'Neill government continues to be irresponsible and reckless."
Posted in Books, film & media, PNG Attitude | Permalink


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Home Covid-19 Randy Fine Votes "No" For Special Legislative Session to Address the Unemployment...
Randy Fine
Randy Fine Votes "No" For Special Legislative Session to Address the Unemployment Issues – Focuses on Food Drives With His Name
Reginald Dwight
On April 30th, the Florida Department of State sent a letter to all State Representatives to vote on whether or not they wanted to have a special legislative session to address 3 topics; proposals for unemployment, medicaid expansion, and the upcoming elections.
Representative Randy Fine has been very active on social media since the last legislative session reposting information from other websites to his Facebook page and running political ads to build his following on social media. Fine has been very critical of the unemployment systems' failures, and has offered printed paper copies for constituents to fill out to apply for unemployment if they were unable to do so online.
Fine has also set up weekly food drives with the 501c3 Farm Share to provide food to families in need. Many recipients of the food from these food drives have expressed frustration with what has been provided. The drive from last weekend included bottles of sparkling water, dozens of loaves of bread, and some random individual snacks. The week prior, each box included pounds of okra.
Once they filled out a form, providing their contact information for Representative Fine, residents received their box of food along with a letter from Fine thanking them and reminding them that he is fighting for them and he is providing this food drive. He Facebook lives the event showing the individuals who showed up for school and also wearing his campaign attire. He uses the charity provided food drive to campaign for his reelection, and using the resources of his state funded office. All of these acts are in violation of state law.
Fine's food drive event with large banner of himself displayed at the pickup location.
None of these things however are what Fine's actual job as a legislator is. His job is to address the many systemic problems that have allowed the very need for these food drives. At least 20% of the legislature has asked for a special legislative session to do just that. However, when given the opportunity to go to Tallahassee and do what he was elected and paid to do, he voted no.
Fine knows that while in session, he cannot fundraise for his campaign.
He did not even so much as let his constituents know that such an item was on the table, but has instead chosen to advertise his next food drive along with showing a billboard with his name on it.
Fine has repeatedly stated that he is angry about the system that has failed so many, but it appears he is not angry enough to actually go to Tallahassee to do something about it. Food drives and feeding those in need is certainly a good thing, but that's not his job. It's easy to use your office and letterhead to promote yourself while doing these things while putting a bandaid on the problem.
He did the same thing while promoting the business of one of his campaign donors for Covid-19 testing with them also handing out his letters letting everyone know what he was doing for them. But when then same facility made headlines for incompetence in testing and had viral videos of blood contaminated testing areas and patients being thrown out of the facility; he is silent and actually deletes the comments from his Facebook page. He deletes the comments of his constituents complaining about the facility that he recommended they go to instead of addressing the issue.
This is just one of the comments Fine deleted from his page.
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What Is a Headache?
What Are the Kinds of Headaches?
What Causes Headaches?
Headache Help
When Should I Go to a Doctor?
Let's find out more about headaches and how you can feel better.
Although it may feel like it, a headache is not a pain in your brain. Your brain tells you when other parts of your body hurt, but it can't actually feel pain. Most headaches happen in the nerves, blood vessels, and muscles that cover a person's head and neck. Sometimes the muscles or blood vessels swell, which means they get larger.
They also can tighten or go through other changes that stimulate or put pressure on the surrounding nerves. The nerves send a rush of pain messages to your brain, and you end up with a headache.
The most common type of headache is a tension, or muscle-contraction, headache. This happens when stressed-out head or neck muscles keep squeezing too hard. When you get this kind of headache, the pain is usually dull and constant. It might feel as though something is pressing or squeezing on the front, back, or both sides of your head.
Pain that's especially sharp and throbbing can be a sign of a different kind of headache called a migraine (say: MY-grayne). Migraine headaches aren't as common as tension headaches, especially in kids, but they can still happen. Sometimes, just before a migraine happens, the person sees wavy lines or bright spots of light. This is called an aura (say: AWR-uh). Also, kids who get migraines often feel sick to their stomachs and sometimes throw up.
Excitement about a special event or worry about something (a school exam, for instance) can also cause headaches. Some kids get headaches from riding in a car or bus or from straining their eyes by spending too much time watching TV or using a computer.
Strong odors, such as perfume, smoke, fumes, or the smell of a new car or carpet, can start a headache.
Some foods can cause headaches in some kids, such as bacon, bologna, and hot dogs. The caffeine in sodas, chocolate, coffee, and tea may cause headaches, too. Kids don't need caffeine, so it's a good idea to limit it in your diet.
Sometimes no one knows why a kid gets headaches, but if you get them, chances are someone in your family gets them, too. The tendency to get headaches is often inherited. In other words, it runs in the family.
Most headaches will go away after you've rested or slept awhile. When you get one, the first thing you should do is tell an adult, so he or she can help. Lie down in a cool, dark, quiet room and close your eyes. Put a cool, moist cloth across your forehead or eyes. Relax. Breathe easily and deeply.
A grown-up can give you a pain relief medicine — either acetaminophen (say: uh-see-tuh-MIH-nuh-fun) or ibuprofen (say: i-byoo-PROfun). You want to avoid taking aspirin for a headache because it may cause a rare but dangerous disease called Reye syndrome (say: RYE SIN-drome).
Headaches are very rarely a sign of anything serious. Headache triggers such as eating certain foods, being stressed out, or not getting enough sleep are much more likely causes of headaches in kids. Or sometimes, there's no obvious reason at all.
Still, there are times when your mom or dad should talk with the doctor about your headaches:
when a headache is particularly painful
when a headache doesn't go away easily
when a headache follows an injury, such as hitting your head
when your vision is affected
when you feel tingling sensations
when you just don't seem like your usual self
when headaches occur once a month or more
when headaches cause you to miss school
A doctor can help you and your parents figure out why you're getting headaches and might be able to help you keep them from happening so often. Sometimes relaxation exercises or changes in diet or sleeping habits are all that's needed. If necessary, a doctor also can prescribe medication to control headaches.
If you're bothered by headaches, you don't have to put up with the pain. Sometimes relief is just a nap away. Other times, seeing a doctor may be necessary. But there's almost always something that you, your parents, and your doctor can do to help.
Date reviewed: September 2018
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Power / Explainer
A Century of Reforms Made Iowa and New Hampshire Presidential Kingmakers
But did they backfire?
by Bruce J. Schulman via Made by History on February 3, 2020
... United Kingdom have already gone start to finish, from the announcement of an election date to the formation of a new government. Meanwhile, in Germany, Australia and elsewhere, major political parties installed new leaders in efficient, straightforward procedures (in some cases without a contest).
How did this bizarre American nominating process develop and why is it so protracted?
Because what began as closed party events to present a unified ticket and platform to American voters transformed into a candidate-centered system that encourages people to rail against a corrupt political establishment and demonstrate their outsider status. The turn to primaries and open caucuses was designed to inject more democratic participation into the electoral process, and it has. But it also has enhanced the influence of money in politics — something its inventors intended it to check — and created barriers to effective governance.
Since the 1830s, American political parties have nominated their candidates for president and vice president at national conventions. That remains the official procedure even if, since the 1970s, the results have been a foregone conclusion and the conventions have become infomercials rather than deliberative proceedings. Conventions not only allowed different factions and regions to unite, they also functioned as occasions for party building, to make secret bargains that cemented local organizations together. State delegations typically backed their "favorite sons," making tedious addresses to extol the virtues of local leaders while the real action took place in smoky backrooms.
Behind the scenes, horse-trading pols angled for votes in the presidential nominating contest, offering regional factions and party bosses control over large blocs of government jobs, the runner-up spot on the ticket, even Cabinet appointments. The presidential nominee was usually someone the party believed had a good chance of winning but also someone whose backers had cut the right deals.
Caucuses played an important role in this party structure. Originating in the decades before the Civil War (Iowa held its first caucuses in the 1840s), caucuses began as meetings of local party organizations to conduct business (such as staffing party committees) and to choose convention delegates to county and state conventions. Precincts did not necessarily caucus on the same day, and their decisions rarely garnered public attention. They often included only party regulars (officeholders and employees of the organization, who owed their jobs to the machine and kicked back part of their pay in dues). From the local caucuses, party leaders brought blocs of delegates to state meetings and on to the national convention.
But by the early 20th century, reformers assailed the closed-door nominating process through which party bosses controlled the choice of candidates. In fact, Wisconsin Gov. Robert La Follette and other progressives championed the primary as the antidote for the problems caused by caucuses, which created a system dominated by moneyed interests and corrupt party bosses who served them. "Between the people and the representatives," La Follette thundered in a speech demanding the nation's first primaries, "there has been built up a political machine which is master of both. It is the outgrowth of the caucus and convention system."
Guided by figures such as La Follete, who viewed the primary as the one tool that would weaken "the domination of the machine" and set public officials free to restrain the rich and powerful, Wisconsin established the first primaries in 1906.
In 1912, for the first time in presidential contests, a dozen states held primaries. That year, former president Theodore Roosevelt challenged President William H. Taft for the Republican nomination. But even though Roosevelt won most of the primaries, they accounted for only a handful of delegates ...
View on Made by History


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What is the role of essential oils in hospitals?
Denise Nicholson, Nursing Systems Specialist, discusses the role of essential oils in the nursing system.


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Sunday's NHL playoffs: Blues one win away from first Stanley Cup Final since 1970
The Blues will have a chance to seal the trip on Tuesday at Enterprise Center.
Sunday's NHL playoffs: Blues one win away from first Stanley Cup Final since 1970 The Blues will have a chance to seal the trip on Tuesday at Enterprise Center. Check out this story on detroitnews.com: https://www.detroitnews.com/story/sports/nhl/red-wings/2019/05/19/sundays-nhl-playoffs-blues-one-win-away-first-stanley-cup-final-since-1970/3736643002/
Tom Timmermann, St. Louis Post-Dispatch Published 7:38 p.m. ET May 19, 2019 | Updated 5:38 a.m. ET May 20, 2019
St. Louis's Ryan O'Reilly (90) and David Perron (57), celebrate with Jaden Schwartz, who scored a goal against the San Jose Sharks on Sunday. (Photo: Josie Lepe, Associated Press)
San Jose, Calif. — The Blues are one win away from their first trip to the Stanley Cup Final since 1970 after a dominating 5-0 win over the Sharks in Game 5 of the Western Conference final on Sunday at SAP Center.
"It's always hard against a real good team like San Jose," coach Craig Berube said. "It's going to be hard. We are going to be at our best for 60 minutes for sure."
"We're in a good situation right now," forward Pat Maroon said. "We've got to stick with it, though. That team's relentless over there. They're a good hockey team, and they've got some really good players over there that want it just as bad as us. So we've got to find ways to battle hard and do what we're capable of doing, which is just dictating the play, playing our style of hockey, staying the course, staying out of the stuff and just finding ways to just play them down low, cycle them down low, wear them down and just get to our game, like I said.
"But exciting times right now, and just got to find ways to get over this win and get ready for Game 6."
Jordan Binnington recorded his first postseason shutout, stopping all 21 shots he faced, more than half of which came in the first period. The Blues outshot San Jose 40-21, with 36 of those shots coming in the second and third periods.
BOX SCORE: Blues 5, Sharks 0
The Blues broke the game open in the second period, when they outshot San Jose 20-6 and got a goal from Jaden Schwartz and then the first successful postseason penalty shot in team history, by Vladimir Tarasenko. Oskar Sundqvist got the scoring started in the first period and Schwartz added his second goal of the game early in the fourth during a five-on-three power play and completed his second hat trick of the postseason when he knocked in a pass from Tarasenko with 3:58 to go. It's the 12th goal of the postseason for Schwartz, the second most in team history, behind Brett Hull's 13 in 1991. It also means Schwartz has scored more goals in the postseason, 12 in 18 games, than he had in the regular season, 11.
There was one hat on the ice in celebration of Schwartz's feat.
"We've seen it before from (Schwartz)," Berube said. "He's been a pretty consistent performer over the years. It was an off year for him obviously in the regular season but the guy keeps working hard. Nothing changes with his attitude. He keeps with it and keeps working and it's paying off now. He's been a very good performer for us in the playoffs."
By the end of the game, the Sharks had four players in the dressing room with injuries and two more who had been kicked out of the game after Micheal Haley went on to the ice, apparently for the sole purpose of going after Alex Pietrangelo, and Evander Kane, who got a 10-minute misconduct with 2:47 to go.
"We stuck to our game," defenseman Joel Edmundson said. "We knew they were going to come out hard. They had a good first period, we weathered the storm. I thought our second period and third period were really good. We just played tonight, good defensively, didn't spend much time in our D zone. I thought we played a full 200-foot game."
Tarasenko was tripped from behind by Brent Burns with 13:07 to go in the second and on the ensuing shot, he started by going wide to his right, then came back and shot high to goalie Martin Jones' glove side — a spot the Blues have been taking aim at all series — to score.
It was only the second postseason penalty shot for the Blues, the other coming by Jimmy Roberts in 1968 against Minnesota and Cesare Maniago. It was unsuccessful. In the regular season, Tarasenko had four penalty shots in shootouts. He was 0 for 4.
The Blues outshot San Jose 20-6 in the period and had plenty more scoring chances as it looked like they would extend the lead further, but they couldn't.
St. Louis' bench celebrates a goal by Vladimir Tarasenko in Game 5. (Photo: Josie Lepe, Associated Press)
Jaden Schwartz extended the lead to 2-0 on a goal 3:05 into the period. Tarasenko took a shot from the left that deflected off San Jose's Logan Couture. The puck still went through to Jones, who swatted it away, but right to Schwartz, who had an open corner of the net to shoot into for his 10th goal of the postseason.
The Blues had a four-minute power play later in the second when Alexander Steen took a high stick, but it was soon cut in half when Tyler Bozak was called for hooking. The Blues killed the four-on-four — San Jose has been dominant on those in this series — and didn't manage much in the remainder of the power play.
Oskar Sundqvist kept the fourth line's hot streak going with a goal to put the Blues up 1-0 after the first period. The fourth line — Sundqvist, Ivan Barbashev and Alexander Steen — have goals in four consecutive games.
The Sharks had most of the early chances — though each team had a shot hit the post in the first four minutes. Evander Kane of San Jose hit the post just 12 seconds into the game, and Brayden Schenn hit one about four minutes in.
It was the Blues that got the first goal. The Blues could have had more chances, but a few scoring plays ended with an extra pass rather than a shot.
Erik Karlsson, whose status for the game was up in the air, played a puck from behind his net up ice. Teammate Brenden Dillon spread his legs to let the puck go through and off the boards, but if the pass was intended for someone else, there was no one there. Sundqvist skated onto it and blasted a shot past Martin Jones for his fourth goal of the postseason and second of this series.
The Sharks had a power play in the first after Jay Bouwmeester was called for delay of game. San Jose had four shots on goal in the two minutes, but couldn't score. For the period, the Sharks outshot the Blues 11-4.
The teams come into the game even at two wins apiece.
When the conference finals or semifinals are tied at 2, the winner of Game 5 owns an all-time series record of 19-8 (70.3%).


Critical values are those associated with imminent danger unless acted upon promptly. Critical value menus often include results that do not fit this definition, leading to highly variable practice in adult and pediatric laboratories.
Existing menus may be subdivided into more uniform tiers of severity: the highly critical "must know now" results, the somewhat less critical "must know" results, and the least severe "courtesy" calls.
Following review of critical menus in three adult and four pediatric settings, 11 unique pediatric critical values were identified. Total bilirubin and ammonia fit the "must know now" definitions while physicians "must know" about critical conjugated bilirubin concentrations.
The pediatric setting also dictates that critical thresholds for analytes such as potassium and TCO2 differ from adult settings. Some disorders identified by newborn screening such as urea cycle and fatty acid oxidation defects meet the "must know now" definition while others such as cystic fibrosis and lysosomal storage disease are more appropriately grouped with "must know" conditions.
Physicians "must know now" about detection of exogenous toxins in children not only to arrange for appropriate medical intervention, but also to provide appropriate child protection. These uniquely critical pediatric circumstances are worth the extra scrutiny as mistakes can last a lifetime.
A child knows you can't put a square peg in a round hole. Likewise, laboratory practices derived from adult clinical settings often do not fit the unique pediatric laboratory environment. In pediatrics, laboratory values must be interpreted in light of constant change.
The neonatal period to adolescence is marked by continuous linear growth, metabolic adaptations and neurologic development. The signal from critically important laboratory values must stand out from the noise of normal development. Failure to recognize these critical values has lifelong consequences.
In this report, critical value menus from chemistry laboratories in adult and pediatric institutions are compared and contrasted. Critical values unique to the pediatric environment will be identified and the rationale for their use will be discussed.
WHAT MAKES A VALUE "CRITICAL"
The concept of the critical value was originally defined by Lundberg in 1972 . According to this definition, a critical value is one that represents imminent danger unless acted upon promptly.
In the pediatric sense, imminent danger certainly means loss of life but also refers to acute or latent development of physical or neurologic disability. Prompt intervention implies that the lab result is obtained proximal to the precipitating event and that intervention is clear-cut and immediate; a critical value should objectively beget treatment, not further diagnostic study.
When laboratories succumb to pressure to call back results that do not fit this definition, valuable technologist time is wasted and the importance of truly urgent situations is diluted.
There is a large body of literature devoted to critical values, but literature specific for pediatric settings is limited to a single report. In 1991, Kost et al. compared critical limits among 39 children's hospitals and contrasted these with a survey of predominantly adult hospitals .
In this report there was wide disparity between children's hospitals in both the quantity and numeric value of tests considered critical. The number of tests with critical limits ranged from 3 to 50. As one example of numeric disagreement within children's hospitals, critical glucose values ranged from 250 mg/dL to 1000 mg/dL.
There were, likewise, many numeric differences between pediatric and adult hospitals. For example, the median values for high critical limits for markers of renal function, urea nitrogen and creatinine were 50 % and 70 % lower in pediatric settings, respectively.
This wide range of tests and thresholds identified underscores the subjective nature of defining critical values.
Is the situation any different today? In 2008, the author re-examined the state of critical test menus from three adult hospitals, four pediatric institutions, and the suggested menu of critical tests found in the fourth edition of Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis.
The adult hospitals were all academic teaching centers ranging in size from 400 to 1000 beds and annual test volumes of 1.2 million to 10 million. The pediatric hospitals were, likewise, all university teaching hospitals ranging in size from 250 to 400 beds with annual test volumes from 400,000 to 700,000.
The number of tests with associated critical values remained highly variable. The number of tests with critical values ranged from 12 to 45 (Fig. 1).
FIG. 1: Number of clinical chemistry analytes with associated critical values in four adult settings and four pediatric settings as compared to those suggested in Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry (Table 56-3, Fourth edition).
Of the 62 analytes with critical values, 11 were unique to pediatric hospitals (Fig. 2).
These included (# of pediatric hospitals listing analyte as critical) total bilirubin (4), conjugated bilirubin (2), ammonia (2), albumin (1), AST (1), ALT (1), sweat chloride (1), iron (1), GGT (1), fibrinogen (1) and LDH (1).
These data clearly demonstrate that the definition of "critical" remains highly variable from site to site.
FIG. 2: Number of pediatric (red bar) and adult (black bar) settings with specific analytes designated with critical thresholds for physician call back.
The data published by Kost et al., the author's data and other reports [3, 4] suggest that Lundberg's original definition of the critical value has been stretched. One way around the critical/not critical conundrum is to reclassify such results into three tiers.
The first tier, those life-and-death critical values that fit the Lundberg definition might be referred to as "must know now" results.
The second tier, the "must know" results, would include data that are highly significant or diagnostic of a serious disorder, but do not necessarily dictate an immediate response.
The third tier, the "courtesy" call, would include significantly abnormal results that might dictate a specific intervention but are context-dependent.
For example, calling back an ALT concentration of 300 U/L to a ward full of patients with liver disease will likely be met with indifference as virtually every patient may demonstrate such an abnormality, but the same call to an infectious-disease physician treating a patient with a potentially hepatotoxic drug might dictate a change in dose or medication.
Thus, the critical value decision involves not only the tests to associate with critical values but the actual value deemed critical.
In the next sections, specific examples of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of pediatric critical values will be examined.
Figure 2 revealed 11 tests uniquely identified with critical values in pediatric hospitals. Three of these, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and ammonia were identified by more than one hospital. Why are these analytes so critical in children?
In the neonatal period, the turnover of red cells and production of bilirubin often exceed the conjugation capacity of the liver. The result is a transient unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
In general, concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin that exceed 15 mg/dL shortly after birth may be toxic to the neonatal central nervous system and may result in irreversible damage referred to as kernicterus.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has published recommendations for intervention based on total bilirubin concentrations as a function of age in hours . Interventions to prevent kernicterus include phototherapy and exchange transfusion but these must be initiated promptly.
Thus, total bilirubin concentrations are ones that physicians must know now.
While mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurs routinely in the neonatal period, elevated concentrations of conjugated bilirubin almost always indicate pathology. The differential diagnosis of neonatal conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is long, but one condition justifies prompt physician notification of this condition.
Biliary atresia is the congenital absence or obstruction of the common bile duct. The pathogenesis of this disorder is not known, but it does require surgery, known as the Kasai procedure, to establish bile flow from the liver to the small intestine.
Failure to recognize and surgically rectify biliary atresia within 1-2 months after birth results in irreversible liver damage for which the only resort is liver transplantation .
Elevated concentrations of conjugated bilirubin are often the first sign of biliary atresia but further radiographic and biochemical studies are required to establish the diagnosis.
Conjugated bilirubin concentrations, therefore, are ones that physicians must know, but not necessarily now, because biliary atresia is not imminently life-threatening and the course of action dictated by elevated concentrations is not clear-cut and immediate.
Ammonia is a neurotoxic byproduct of nitrogen metabolism. Detoxification normally occurs in the liver via the urea cycle. Hyperammonemia occurs in defects of the urea cycle or secondary to hepatocellular dysfunction. Regardless of the source, ammonia is toxic to the newborn brain.
Clear-cut and immediate interventions to decrease ammonia concentrations include an ammonia-scavenging cocktail (Ammonul®) or in extreme cases, hemodialysis. Elevated ammonia concentrations are ones that physicians must know now in order to institute appropriate therapy and prevent irreversible neurologic damage.
Ammonia concentrations can be elevated due to preanalytical variables, most commonly by delayed transport to the lab. The threshold for notification, therefore, should not be set too near the upper limit of the reference interval to avoid unnecessary physician notification.
The author's institution utilizes a threshold of 200 µmol/L as the trigger for notification.
Important decisions regarding the actual threshold for pediatric physician notification are certainly not limited to ammonia. A number of unique pediatric circumstances dictate quantitative triggers that differ from the adult settings. Two "must know now" situations will be examined in detail.
Hyperkalemia is common in neonates. Physiologically, hyperkalemia results from slow maturation of both renal function and the sodium/potassium ATPase activity that maintains high intracellular potassium concentrations.
These findings are particularly common in low-birth-weight babies, but elevated potassium does not carry the same cardiac-conduction impact in neonates as it does in adults. Peaked T waves and prolonged QRS complex are not characteristic of mild-to-moderate hyperkalemia in infants. More commonly, blood collection artifacts lead to pseudohyperkalemia. Neonatal erythrocytes are more fragile than those from adults and neonatal blood is commonly obtained via capillary puncture.
These circumstances lead to in vitro hemolysis and high blood potassium concentrations. Hemolysis is often difficult to detect at the author's institution because basic electrolyte panels are often performed using whole blood to enhance turnaround time and conserve blood.
Residual whole blood is often not available to examine for hemolysis. Therefore, the high frequency of artifactual hyperkalemia and the relative resistance of infant hearts to mild hyperkalemia, permit a slightly higher critical trigger (as high as 7 or 8 mmol/L) in pediatric settings than in adult settings.
Small pediatric blood volumes commonly lead to falsely low blood carbon dioxide concentrations. The pCO2 in venous blood is >100 times the atmospheric pCO2.
Small blood volumes, therefore, lead to high surface-to-volume ratios and in succession, diffusion of CO2 from the collection tube, apparently low TCO2 concentrations, and often, an assumption of acidosis.
This situation may lead to further unnecessary investigation such as blood gas analysis or assessment for inborn metabolic disease and justifies a slightly lower critical limit for TCO2 in pediatric settings.
Newborn screening is an exclusively pediatric enterprise. Positive screening tests must be followed by definitive confirmatory tests . With the advent of expanded screening menus, efficient and appropriate mechanisms for notifying physicians of these results must be developed.
All of these conditions are potentially serious but all are not necessarily medical emergencies. Thus, they fall into the "must know" or "must know now" categories. A rationale for classification of some of these disorders is presented below.
Many inborn errors of metabolism uniformly result in life-threatening accumulation of toxic intermediates. Urea cycle disorders, phenylketonuria, and galactosemia are prime examples. Physicians must know about these disorders now to prevent dire consequences.
Another class of inborn errors poses the possibility of an acute life-threatening event. Fatty acid oxidation defects such as medium-chain acylCoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency may remain silent for extended periods, but after a prolonged fast, severe hypoglycemia may result in irreversible brain damage and death.
The severe potential of these disorders dictates that physicians know about these conditions now.
Another broad classification of conditions detectable in newborn screening programs are those that progress slowly and eventually lead to severe multi-organ dysfunction. For example, cystic fibrosis causes pancreatic insufficiency and chronic lung disease leading to respiratory failure in the third or fourth decade of life.
While acute life-threatening complications in the neonatal period are rare, evidence suggests that early intervention to clear the lungs and promote nutrient absorption delays the onset of severe symptoms. Physicians must, therefore, know about this condition in a timely manner, but not emergently.
Other disorders that may be similarly classified are congenital hypothyroidism and the various lysosomal storage diseases.
There are few clear-cut differences between adult and pediatric settings in defining critically important drug monitoring or toxicology results. Critical thresholds for immunosuppressants, anticonvulsants and aminoglycosides are generally similar.
High-dose methotrexate therapy, however, is commonly utilized to treat acute childhood leukemia.
Each methotrexate concentration may be considered critical as oncologists must know now whether leucovorin treatment is indicated to avoid bone marrow toxicity . Likewise, the detection of any exogenous toxin (e.g., drugs of abuse, acetaminophen, salicylate) may be considered critical as decisions regarding treatment and the provision for child protection must be considered promptly.
The author's institution has concluded that physicians must know about the detection of such substances now.
Classification of important laboratory results is more than an academic exercise. Prioritizing critical calls allows for the appropriate resources to be mobilized in conditions where life literally hangs in the balance (the "must know now" situations).
There is little alternative in these cases to an immediate discussion between the laboratory and the caregiver. In less urgent circumstances ("must know" and "courtesy" situations), data may be queued for delivery when time permits.
The phone may not always be the best way to relay such information. Taking advantage of alerting functions within electronic medical records, e-mail or other middleware solutions are possible modes of making sure important information is relayed without interrupting the normal workflow of caregivers.
As always, the threshold and urgency for notification should be jointly negotiated between clinicians and the laboratory and allow for evolution as diagnostic and therapeutic patterns change.
The pediatric environment is unique and sometimes requires a distinct set of analytes and numeric thresholds for physician notification. This environment absolutely deserves the extra scrutiny because in these instances, mistakes can last a lifetime.
Lundberg GD. When to panic over abnormal values. MLO Med Lab Obs. 1972; 4: 47-54.
Kost GJ. Critical limits for emergency clinician notification at United States children's hospitals. Pediatrics 1991; 88: 597-603.
Lum G. Critical limits (alert values) for physician notification: universal or medical center specific limits? Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1998; 28: 261-71.
Howanitz PJ, Steindel SJ, Heard NV. Laboratory critical values policies and procedures. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2002; 126: 663-69.
American Academy of Pediatrics, Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 2004; 114: 297-316.
Erlichman J, Hohlweg K, Haber BA. Biliary atresia: how medical complications and therapies impact outcome. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 3: 425-34.
Dietzen DJ, Rinaldo P, Whitley RJ, Rhead WJ, Hannon WH, Garg UC, Lo SF, Bennett MJ. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: follow-up testing for metabolic disease identified by expanded newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2009; 55: 1615-26.
Treon SP, Chabner BA. Concepts in use of high-dose methotrexate therapy. Clin Chem 1996; 42: 1322-29.


Metropolitan style gracefully employs classic motifs to create a traditional, elegant design that is at the same time luminous and vibrant. The tiny and subtle pinstripe background, the engraved serif font, and strong wide border bring a structure and strength to a style that is at the same time graceful and elegant. The text is all balanced in the center of the style against a white field, and it is bordered at the top and the bottom by a strong wide border and a wide band of its signature pinstriped pattern. Customize your Metropolitan canning labels for all your home-preserved and canned goods today!
Metropolitan canning labels are available in over two dozen formats. Choose from any of the many shapes and select a color above to get started. Circle, petal and scallop labels are perfect for the tops of your canning jars while the square, rectangle, oval and fancy label styles are perfect for the front and back information labels. And these are working labels; they are designed to be used for all your canned goods and mason jars in your pantry or refrigerator. For the pantry, the coated paper canning labels work very well. For the refrigerator or anywhere you might have a cold or damp environment the durable vinyl canning labels are perfect for the job. Select one of the many shapes above to start personalizing your Metropolitan canning labels.


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Home > Harsh V Pant
Harsh V Pant
Harsh V Pant is Professor of International Relations in Defence Studies Department and King's India Institute at King's College London.
He is also a Non-Resident Fellow with the Wadhwani Chair in US-India Policy Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC.
He has been a Visiting Professor at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore; a Visiting Fellow at the Center for the Advanced Study of India, University of Pennsylvania; a Visiting Scholar at the Center for International Peace and Security Studies, McGill University; an Emerging Leaders Fellow at the Australia-India Institute, University of Melbourne; and a Visiting Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. His current research is focused on Asian security issues. His most recent books include The US pivot and Indian Foreign Policy (Palgrave Macmillan); Handbook of Indian Defence Policy (Routledge); India's Afghan Muddle (HarperCollins), The US-India Nuclear Pact: Policy, Process and Great Power Politics (Oxford University Press), and
The Rise of China: Implications for India (Cambridge University Press). Pant is a columnist for the Diplomat and writes regularly for various media outlets including the Japan Times, the Wall Street Journal, the National (UAE), and the Indian Express.
E harsh.pant@kcl.ac.uk
Can China's loss be India's gain? HARSH V PANT
Delhi dives in to the South China Sea dispute HARSH V PANT


If you are thinking of moving to Cardew or just want to know a what the area is like, the statistics on this page should give you a good introduction. They cover a range of socio-economic factors so you can compare Cardew to figures for Cumbria and nationally. These statistics can tell you if Cardew is an economically deprived area and how hard it might be to get a job.
The respondents of the 2011 Census were asked to rate their health. These are the results for Cardew. The percentage of residents in Cardew rating their health as 'very good' is less than the national average. Also the percentage of residents in Cardew rating their health as 'very bad' is more than the national average, suggesting that the health of the residents of Cardew is generally worse than in the average person in England.
The population of Cardew as a whole, is older than the national average. However, the population of Cardew is younger than the Cumbria average.
These figures for Country of Birth for the residents of Cardew are from the UK Census of 2011. Since Cardew has a higher level of residents born in the UK than the national average and a lower rate of residents either born in other EU countries or outside the EU, it does not have a significant immigrant population.
Social grade is a classification based on occupation and it enables a household and all its members to be classified according to the job of the main income earner. Cardew has 20% less Higher and Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional households than the national average.
These statistics are for the highest level education obtained by the residents of Cardew and are from the UK Census of 2011. Cardew has a high level of residents with either no qualifications or qualifications equal to 1 or more GCSE at grade D or below, than the national average.
Cardew has a higher rate of home ownership, either outright or via a mortgage than the national average, which suggests that Cardew is a relatively affluent area.
These figures on the claiming of benefits in Cardew come from the Department for Work & Pensions and are dated . They can often be a good indicator of the prosperity of the town and possible indicator of how hard it would be to get employment in the area.
Do you live in Cardew? Let us know what you think in the comments below.


MON390 communicates via serial port 1 of this evaluation board. What changes need to be made so that that MON390 communicates via serial port 0 (the Loader) on this evaluation board?
We recommend making all changes to a copy of the Tinim400 project.
Re-link the project, and load the MON390 hex file onto the evaluation board.
ISD51: DOES ISD51 WORK WITH THE DALLAS 390, 5240, OR 400?


The President of Grinfinity was among 200 leading representatives of business, government administration, local government, agencies and institutions attending the meeting devoted to the Economic Diplomacy on foreign markets. The event was organized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the beginning of this week.
Building and promoting the strength of Poland brand requires active involvement of the MFA's economic diplomacy and all polish market participants. Supporting Polish start-ups and high-tech solutions in the sector of green technologies will be the core of the MFA's actions and efforts in the upcoming year.
Next:There is a new version Grinfy M&A!


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Home » Headlines » Technology » 3D Printing for Kids: New ThingMaker revealed by Mattel
3D Printing for Kids: New ThingMaker revealed by Mattel
By Daniel Contreras / Monday, 15 Feb 2016 11:13AM
Mattel has brought back its ThingMaker toy from the 60's with a modern outlook: it was presented at the New York Toy Fair as the 3D Printer from Mattel in collaboration with Autodesk.
The first ThingMaker allowed kids to create their own toys from plastic molds and baked Plastigoop. Now, Mattel has re-launched its brand with a 3D printer along with a 3D design app for kids to choose or to create their own design.
Photo: TechCrunch
This product was an expected evolution of 3D printing. During the 2016 Toy Fair trade show, it was announced that the 3D printer would be available on Amazon starting at $299.99, later this year. Visitors at the New York Toy Fair this year had the chance to look closely at the vast variety of toys that can come out of the ThingMaker. Mattel's innovating product is available for pre-order as today February 15.
The possibilities are endless considering that each toy is made of batches and kids can create an infinity of combinations from them. The users can choose from a variety of colors, and even some of them, which can glow in the dark. The 3D platform contains not only a template of numerous designs but also a program that allows kids to create their own personalized design. The ThingMaker offers a rather matchless product, as this can be whatever the user wants it to be. While other toy companies can only offer custom products on demand, Mattel has broken the barrier separating manufacturers from clients.
The 3D printer's app is suitable for both Android and iOS so customers won't have any problem regarding compatibility. This app will allow parents and children to design new figurines and send them wirelessly from their phone or tablet, directly to the 3D printer. According to reports from USA Today, the printer itself is aimed at children aged 13 and up, however, adults are welcome to use it and play with it as well.
The ThingMaker's target is to provide users an easy way to build and create their designs without dealing with the technical side of 3D printing. Thanks to its partnership with Autodesk, a carbon copy made for the toy named Tinker play makes available a pool of components for users to mix and match. The apps are available for download already; still, the 3D printer will be available for customers later this year. For now, Amazon holds the exclusive sales of Mattel's printer.
"We're excited to work with a storied company like Mattel," said Autodesk's Vice President Samir Hanna. "To develop an app that bridges the digital and physical worlds and brings new forms of making to the next generation of designers and engineers."
Source: The Verge
Palm Beach overrun by shark migrating season
Viagra's distribution restricted due to Kentucky lawmaker's bill


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package com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Abilities.Spells;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.core.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.core.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Abilities.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Areas.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Behaviors.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.CharClasses.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Commands.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Common.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Exits.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Items.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Locales.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.MOBS.interfaces.*;
import com.planet_ink.coffee_mud.Races.interfaces.*;

import java.util.*;

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public class Spell_FeatherFall extends Spell
{
	public String ID() { return "Spell_FeatherFall"; }
	public String name(){return "Feather Fall";}
	public String displayText(){return "(Feather Fall)";}
	public int abstractQuality(){ return Ability.QUALITY_OK_OTHERS;}
	protected int canAffectCode(){return CAN_MOBS;}
	public int classificationCode(){ return Ability.ACODE_SPELL|Ability.DOMAIN_ALTERATION;}

	public void affectEnvStats(Environmental affected, EnvStats affectableStats)
	{
		super.affectEnvStats(affected,affectableStats);
		affectableStats.setWeight(0);
	}

	public int mobWeight(MOB mob)
	{
		int weight=mob.baseWeight();
		for(int i=0;i<mob.inventorySize();i++)
		{
			Item I=mob.fetchInventory(i);
			if((I!=null)&&(!I.amWearingAt(Item.WORN_FLOATING_NEARBY)))
				weight+=I.envStats().weight();
		}
		return weight;
	}

	public boolean okMessage(Environmental myHost, CMMsg msg)
	{
		if((affected!=null)
		&&(affected instanceof MOB)
		&&(msg.amISource((MOB)affected))
		&&(msg.targetMinor()==CMMsg.TYP_GET)
		&&(msg.target()!=null)
		&&(msg.target() instanceof Item)
		&&(((msg.tool()==null)||(msg.tool() instanceof MOB))))
		{
			MOB mob=msg.source();
			if((msg.target().envStats().weight()>(mob.maxCarry()-mobWeight(mob)))&&(!mob.isMine(msg.target())))
			{
				mob.tell(msg.target().name()+" is too heavy.");
				return false;
			}
		}
		return super.okMessage(myHost,msg);
	}

	public void unInvoke()
	{
		// undo the affects of this spell
		if((affected==null)||(!(affected instanceof MOB)))
			return;
		MOB mob=(MOB)affected;
		super.unInvoke();

		if(canBeUninvoked())
			if((mob.location()!=null)&&(!mob.amDead()))
				mob.location().show(mob,null,CMMsg.MSG_OK_VISUAL,"<S-YOUPOSS> normal weight returns.");
	}

	public boolean invoke(MOB mob, Vector commands, Environmental givenTarget, boolean auto, int asLevel)
	{
		MOB target=getTarget(mob,commands,givenTarget);
		if(target==null) return false;

		// the invoke method for spells receives as
		// parameters the invoker, and the REMAINING
		// command line parameters, divided into words,
		// and added as String objects to a vector.
		if(!super.invoke(mob,commands,givenTarget,auto,asLevel))
			return false;
		boolean success=proficiencyCheck(mob,0,auto);

		if(success)
		{
			// it worked, so build a copy of this ability,
			// and add it to the affects list of the
			// affected MOB.  Then tell everyone else
			// what happened.
			invoker=mob;
			CMMsg msg=CMClass.getMsg(mob,target,this,verbalCastCode(mob,target,auto),auto?"<T-NAME> become(s) very light!":"^S<S-NAME> invoke(s) immediate lightness upon <T-NAMESELF>.^?");
			if(mob.location().okMessage(mob,msg))
			{
				mob.location().send(mob,msg);
				beneficialAffect(mob,target,asLevel,0);
			}
		}
		else
			return beneficialWordsFizzle(mob,target,"<S-NAME> attempt(s) to invoke a spell upon <T-NAMESELF>, but nothing happens.");
		// return whether it worked
		return success;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package framewise.dustview.support.springmvc;

import framewise.dustview.core.DustTemplateEngine;
import framewise.dustview.support.DustTemplateLoader;
import framewise.dustview.support.DustViewInitializer;
import framewise.dustview.support.ViewSourceCacheProvider;

import java.util.Map;

import static framewise.dustview.support.DustViewConstants.*;

/**
 * @author chanwook
 */
public class SimpleDustViewInitializer implements DustViewInitializer {

    /**
     * initializing method.
     * Caution: Must not call runtime!!
     *
     * @param attributesMap
     * @param view
     */
    public void initializeViewProperty(Map<String, Object> attributesMap, SimpleDustTemplateView view) {
        if (attributesMap.get(TEMPLATE_LOADER) != null && attributesMap.get(TEMPLATE_LOADER) instanceof DustTemplateLoader) {
            view.setViewTemplateLoader((DustTemplateLoader) attributesMap.get(TEMPLATE_LOADER));
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(VIEW_PATH_PREFIX) != null && attributesMap.get(VIEW_PATH_PREFIX) instanceof String) {
            view.setViewPrefixPath((String) attributesMap.get(VIEW_PATH_PREFIX));
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(VIEW_PATH_SUFFIX) != null && attributesMap.get(VIEW_PATH_SUFFIX) instanceof String) {
            view.setViewSuffixPath((String) attributesMap.get(VIEW_PATH_SUFFIX));
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(VIEW_SOURCE) != null && attributesMap.get(VIEW_SOURCE) instanceof String) {
            view.setExportViewSourceKey((String) attributesMap.get(VIEW_SOURCE));
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(CACHE_PROVIDER) != null && attributesMap.get(CACHE_PROVIDER) instanceof ViewSourceCacheProvider) {
            view.setViewSourceCacheProvider((ViewSourceCacheProvider) attributesMap.get(CACHE_PROVIDER));
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(VIEW_CACHEABLE) != null && attributesMap.get(VIEW_CACHEABLE) instanceof String) {
            String cacheable = (String) attributesMap.get(VIEW_CACHEABLE);
            if (isBooleanValue(cacheable)) {
                view.setViewCacheable(Boolean.valueOf(cacheable.toLowerCase()));
            }
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(DUST_COMPILED) != null && attributesMap.get(DUST_COMPILED) instanceof String) {
            String compiled = (String) attributesMap.get(DUST_COMPILED);
            if (isBooleanValue(compiled)) {
                view.setCompiled(Boolean.valueOf(compiled.toLowerCase()));
            }
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_CORE_FILE_PATH) != null &&
                attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_CORE_FILE_PATH) instanceof String) {
            String filePath = (String) attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_CORE_FILE_PATH);
            view.getDustEngine().setDustJsFilePath(filePath);
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_HELPER_FILE_PATH) != null &&
                attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_HELPER_FILE_PATH) instanceof String) {
            String filePath = (String) attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_HELPER_FILE_PATH);
            view.getDustEngine().setDustJsHelperFilePath(filePath);
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_EXTENSION_FILE_PATH) != null &&
                attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_EXTENSION_FILE_PATH) instanceof String) {
            String filePath = (String) attributesMap.get(DUST_JS_EXTENSION_FILE_PATH);
            view.getDustEngine().setDustExtensionFilePath(filePath);
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(COMMON_VIEW_PATH) != null &&
                attributesMap.get(COMMON_VIEW_PATH) instanceof String) {
            String commonViewPath = (String) attributesMap.get(COMMON_VIEW_PATH);
            view.setCommonViewPath(commonViewPath);
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(DUST_ENGINE_OBJECT) != null &&
                attributesMap.get(DUST_ENGINE_OBJECT) instanceof DustTemplateEngine) {
            DustTemplateEngine engine = (DustTemplateEngine) attributesMap.get(DUST_ENGINE_OBJECT);
            view.setDustEngine(engine);
        }

        if (attributesMap.get(MULTI_LOAD) != null && attributesMap.get(MULTI_LOAD) instanceof String) {
            String multiLoad = (String) attributesMap.get(MULTI_LOAD);
            if (isBooleanValue(multiLoad)) {
                view.setMultiLoad(Boolean.valueOf(multiLoad.toLowerCase()));
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean isBooleanValue(String value) {
        return "true".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || "false".equalsIgnoreCase(value);
    }
}


In Part I of this article, which appeared in the July 2013 issue of Skin Inc. magazine, the different types of rosacea were described and explained, and tips were provided to help skin care professionals identify rosacea versus acne, dermatitis and facial dandruff. Part II will discuss how to design a skin care program for clients with rosacea, as well as how to work with these specialized clients.
The first and most important step is to decide if clients are suffering from the exquisitely sensitive skin of the erythematotelangiectatic type of rosacea, or the tougher skin of papulopustular rosacea—or if they fall somewhere in between. In general, the facial skin barrier strength in rosacea is abnormal, making any irritating products or treatments—such as those for anti-aging or acne—much more aggravating to rosacea-prone skin.
What's the best way to begin working with clients who you believe might have rosacea?
Ask what products and procedures they have used before. What have they tolerated or not tolerated? Use this history as a guide.
When in doubt, start cautiously by using nonirritating products.
Following are the basic skin care steps that you can use to create a complete skin care routine for your rosacea clients.
Use gentle, nonirritating products, and minimize scrubbing or exfoliation at first.
Avoid foaming cleansers, except for only the most oily papulopustular rosacea.
Synthetic detergent cleansers, such as Cetaphil*, are excellent to use.
In addition, a medicated cleanser, such as a soap with 2% pyrithione zinc or a prescription sodium sulfacetamide/sulfur cleanser (a sulfa antibiotic and sulfur combination), should often be used once a day as a great way to deliver treating ingredients. Alternate this medicated cleanser with a nonirritating synthetic detergent cleanser, because some of these products can be drying.
For excessive facial scales and engorged or clogged pores, you can very gently try using a facial sponge or automated skin-cleansing brush on a gentle setting with a delicate brush only. However, the skin may not tolerate this, so only try it when rosacea is in remission.
Generally avoid facial toners for all but the most oily rosacea complexions. If you do use them, stick to alcohol-free, gentle products only.
Use high-concentration green tea antioxidant and caffeine combination products. This should be considered part of treatment because studies have shown that clients with rosacea have skin that is antioxidant-depleted, so it is important to use products that contain extremely high levels of soothing green tea antioxidants. When combined with caffeine, they are even more anti-inflammatory. Avoid vitamin C as an antioxidant because it is too acidic for most rosacea-prone skin.
Facial dandruff often occurs with rosacea and needs to be treated, too. A soap with 2% pyrithione zinc, and green tea antioxidant and caffeine products together may be sufficient treatment. If not, clotrimazole cream can be used twice a day until it's under control.
There are prescription U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and "off label" skin care treatments that dermatologists use. These need to be worked into the skin care routine by the treating physician. Typically, clients should be asked to apply medicated treatments after the green tea antixoidant and caffeine products, but before their moisturizers or sunscreens. Some of the FDA-approved products include metronidazole cream or gel, sodium sulfacetamide, sulfur cleansers and azelaic acid.
Moisturizers are important to heal the compromised skin barrier. Choose only nonirritating moisturizers, meaning no alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs) or vitamin C. Pick your moisturizer based on skin type, selecting heavier, richer, oil-containing products for drier skin.
People with oily papulopustular rosacea may not want to use a moisturizer. Non-oil hydrating ingredients, such as hyaluronic acid and glycerin, may help increase skin moisture without leaving a heavy product feel on clients' skin.
Sun may play a role in rosacea, especially the erythematotelangiectatic type, which means that daily sun protection is important. For people with rosacea, physical sunscreen ingredients—such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide—are preferred to chemical ingredients. Chemical sunscreens can sting and irritate sensitive rosacea skin, and they also generate a slight amount of heat as they deflect UV rays. Five percent or higher zinc oxide products are recommended.
Mineral makeup can provide additional sun protection when applied on top of sunscreen. Mineral makeup powder is tolerated best due to its simple ingredients.
*Cetaphil is a trade name of Galderma Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX.
Rosacea-prone skin is sensitive and has weakened barrier strength, meaning it's easy to irritate with facial acid peels, massage or mechanical stimulation, such as microdermabrasion, as well as many of the products used to target acne or anti-aging concerns. Following are general guidelines to adhere to for rosacea-prone clients.
Anti-aging treatments. Anti-aging skin treatments are tricky because they can irritate rosacea. It's best to avoid chemical peels on rosacea-prone skin and, instead, use very cautious microdermabrasion treatments. This is because skin barrier function in rosacea is altered, and chemical peel predictability depends on absorption of the peeling agent. Microdermabrasion, on the other hand, is a purely physical exfoliation of the skin. However, the mechanical stimulation can aggravate rosacea. To help counter this, follow a microdermabrasion treatment with a Calming Facial. Another great anti-aging treatment for rosacea clients is intense pulsed light (IPL), because it offers anti-aging and anti-rosacea benefits.
Incorporating anti-aging products into a rosacea client's skin care routine needs to be done cautiously because most effective products can be irritating to sensitive skin. Only introduce anti-aging products when rosacea is in remission and the skin barrier has had a chance to heal for at least a few months. One of the most well-tolerated anti-aging product for rosacea-prone skin is tretinoin. In fact, some dermatologists use tretinoin to treat rosacea.
The acid pH of many of the powerful anti-aging skin care products, such as professional vitamin C and AHA products, makes them poorly tolerated, especially for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Papulopustular clients may, however, do surprisingly well with acid pH anti-aging products once their rosacea is controlled.
Encourage your clients to avoid trigger factors that exacerbate their rosacea or cause flushing, such as temperature extremes, spicy foods, alcohol and harsh climates. Very gentle facial massage can be helpful. In fact, one study showed that gentle central facial massage done daily can help rosacea. Also, the treatment and control of rosacea helps prevent permanent telangiectasias and skin damage.
When you have a client who is not getting better, ask them to bring in all of their products and check for problem ingredients, such as cortisone, or irritating ingredients, such as vitamin C, AHAs and BHAs. Remember, when you have a client with severe skin inflammation, refer them to a dermatologist to help prevent scarring or hyperpigmentation. A physician can provide a prescription oral antibiotic, which often works quickly to jump-start control so that a good anti-rosacea skin care routine can finally take hold.
Cynthia Bailey, MD, is a board-certified dermatologist practicing general, surgical and cosmetic dermatology in Northern California since 1991. She is the director of Advanced Skin Care and Dermatology Physicians, Inc, and founder of DrBaileySkinCare.com. Bailey is first and foremost a clinician with a pragmatic approach to care and a heavy emphasis on skin health education. Her practical skin care information and advice can be found throughout the Web and in numerous international print publications.
In this series of photos using a facial imaging system, it is evident that this client has both erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and a papulopustular flare. Notice the degree of skin inflammation and redness before and after the facial. Following the treatment, the skin shows less intense redness both in the normal lighting photo and in the exposure designed to detect redness. Also, notice how well her skin tolerated the facial in spite of the fact that it was very reactive in the midst of a rosacea flare up.


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Brigada 71 / Cosmos AFA
Cosmopolitan Antifascists
We are Brigada 71
Brigada 71 (Cosmos Antifa) is a community of socially & politically conscious soccer / football fans supporting the New York Cosmos. While mostly unheard of in the traditional American sports landscape, the influx of socially and politically driven groups surrounding football clubs is extremely common throughout the world. With Brigada 71, we look to provide and protect a space that is vibrant, organized, and welcoming to all regardless of race, color, religion, country of origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or otherwise.
Brigada 71 is a subgroup of The 5 Points, the largest collective supporters group for the New York Cosmos. The 5 Points is known throughout the city and country for their unwavering support of the club and their commitment to a multicultural, multinational, and multilingual space for fans. Brigada 71 is committed to making a raucous atmosphere in support of our club every week with our 5 Points family, but like in many places around the world, we want to use this beautiful sport and our weekly gathering as more than just a 90 minute getaway. What our group hopes to do is build on the organization of Cosmos fans that already exists to create a medium for radical and community-driven thought and action outside of the game.
We are Cosmopolitan, we are antifascists, we are committed to keeping the rising racist, homophobic, transphobic, & xenophobic tide away from our club and our community. Punk football, and football for all.
#Brigada71
#CosmosAFA
Love is free, it can dwell in no other atmosphere
May 23, 2019 May 24, 2019 by brigada71.org
Willkommen In New York, FC St Pauli
April 3, 2019 April 9, 2019 by brigada71.org
Brigada71 Travels with FC St Pauli NYC Away to Detroit City FC Friendly
May 22, 2018 June 5, 2018 by Brigada 71
2018 NPSL
blackmask/nyc 2016-2020