text:
ASA and CAP Annual Report 2020: Protecting young and vulnerable people
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) and Committees of Advertising Practice (CAP) Annual Report 2020 published today, Thursday 29 April, highlights how we're evolving the way we regulate to make sure young and vulnerable people are protected from potentially misleading, harmful or irresponsible ads.
By harnessing innovative technology, using data science and working closely with partners, including other regulators and online platforms, we're even better equipped to tackle irresponsible ads at pace and at scale.
In 2020 we:
• Resolved 36,342 complaints about 22,823 ads
• Had a record 36,491 ads withdrawn or amended, an increase of 346% on 2019 thanks to our use of tech-assisted online ad monitoring
• Delivered 722,376 pieces of advice and training to businesses
Other key figures in our Annual Report reveal that:
• Online cases made up 61% of all cases and nearly half of all complaints across media – 17,379 complaints about 14,512 cases
• TV complaints increased by 43% (perhaps reflecting increased viewership during lockdown) but only made up 1/5 of all cases – 14,211 complaints about 5,070 cases
• Complaints about influencer posts decreased by 8%, but still made up almost 1/4 of online cases
• The health and beauty sector had the most ads amended and withdrawn (in major part due to our proactive Botox and IV Drip projects)
In a year where, like everyone, we had to adapt our day-to-day operation, the range of work we carried out was extensive but remained focussed on protecting young and vulnerable people. While working closely with key enforcement partners, including with MHRA, CMA, National Trading Standards, Gambling Commission and online platforms, bolstered our regulation.
This led to us taking important consumer protection action, including:
• Fast tracking and prioritising tackling harmful or irresponsible Covid-19 ad related claims
• Issuing a joint Enforcement Notice with the MHRA instructing IV Drip Clinics not to imply that the drips could prevent or treat Covid-19
• Continuing our ongoing monitoring sweeps of children's online media to identify and tackle age-restricted ads that were irresponsibly placed or served
• Launching our Scam Ad Alert system, in partnership with the major digital advertising and social media platforms, including Facebook and Google, to help tackle bogus ads that leave consumers out of pocket
• Issuing another Enforcement Notice with the MHRA to advertisers promoting licensed injectable prescription only medicines for weight loss on social media (which is prohibited by law). And following-up, using monitoring software both to identify and report similar ads for immediate removal and to identify 150 advertisers who were breaking the rules
• Clamping down on irresponsible Buy Now Pay Later ads and taking action against misleading Debt Advice companies
• And putting Influencers on notice after a proactive monitoring sweep of over 24,000 posts revealed the proportion of them sticking to the rules is far below what we would expect
And we set out the work we've started on other key projects, including:
• Launching our Climate Change and the Environment project which will ensure our rules and casework are up to date and effective and, working in partnership with others, taking proactive action against greenwashing claims
• Reviewing our past decisions on issues that touch on race and ethnicity and commissioning a major piece of public research on Harmful racial and ethnic stereotypes
• Consulting on new rules that will prohibit advertising for cosmetic interventions from being directed at those under the age of 18 as well as preparing to launch a call for evidence to examine the potential harms relating to body image and the potential impact of advertising on consumers' mental health
• Launching our own ad campaign in Scotland and conducting a first wave of consumer research to benchmark public views on trust in advertising and awareness of the ASA
The report also highlights how we're responding to calls for more accountability and transparency for online platforms. Social media platforms already play an important part in upholding the advertising rules online. Building on these foundations, we have engaged with government and the online advertising industry to explore strengthening our regulation online: holding platforms to greater account for the role they play in upholding the advertising rules, and being open and transparent about how they perform.
Taken in the round, our work in 2020 and beyond helps us to rebalance our regulation, reducing our reactive complaints casework and strengthening our proactive, tech-based 'collective' regulation.
ASA Chief Executive, Guy Parker says:
"Despite the huge challenges of the last 12 months, we doubled down on protecting children and people in vulnerable circumstances. We smashed our previous record of ads amended or withdrawn. We're exploring holding online platforms to greater account for their role in upholding responsible ads online and we're running important projects on the environment, racial and ethnic stereotyping and body image. In all of this, our increased use of technology is transforming the way we tackle harmful and misleading ads and helping us to better protect people."
Media and Public Affairs Manager
Matt Wilson mattw@asa.org.uk / 020 7492 2122
Media and Public Affairs Officer
Freddie Alcock freddiea@asa.org.uk / 020 7492 2123
1. The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is the independent regulator of advertisements across all media in the UK. We do so in the public interest and with the co-operation of advertisers, agencies and media owners who are committed to observing the Advertising Codes. The ASA acts independently of both the Government and the advertising industry.
2. The Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) is responsible for writing and maintaining The UK Code of Non-broadcast Advertising and Direct & Promotional Marketing covers advertisements placed in traditional and new media, sales promotions, direct marketing communications and marketing communications on marketers' own websites.
3. More information about the ASA and CAP can be found at www.asa.org.uk


text:
UFC 134's Apathetic Forrest Griffin Doesn't Have Much Left To Prove
By Thomas Myers@TommyMyers Aug 22, 2011, 9:15pm PDT
Share All sharing options for: UFC 134's Apathetic Forrest Griffin Doesn't Have Much Left To Prove
It's the UFC 134: "Rio" co main event. It's a battle between two former 205-pound champions. It's the rematch of an initial fight that was among the biggest upsets at the time.
For all intents and purposes, the showdown between Forrest Griffin and Mauricio Rua this weekend at the HSBC Arena in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, should be an eagerly anticipated match up between two light heavyweights ranked among the top 10 in the world, according to the SB Nation / USA Today Consensus MMA Rankings.
So it's too bad that Griffin just doesn't seem to get it. Or, maybe he does, but just doesn't care.
"There isn't really any pressure to prove anything in the rematch," he recently deadpanned. "I watched the [first] fight again and [Rua] looked pretty good to me. [The upset win] wasn't like winning the belt or TUF, but beating 'Shogun' is up there. It's below winning TUF, which is the biggest thing I've ever done, and winning the belt, which is the second biggest thing I've ever done. It was obviously pretty big for me at the time because it's what got me a title shot.... I think this rematch is a reasonably good fight for me."
Griffin, 32, welcomed the Pride FC standout to the Octagon back in 2007, scoring an improbable third-round submission win over the talented Brazilian. It was so good, and so impressive, that the promotion anointed him the number one division contender shortly thereafter.
The former law enforcer from Augusta, Ga., would then shock the world once again with a decision win over then champion Quinton Jackson in his next appearance, closing the loop on a meteoric, storybook journey from zero to hero in little more than three years.
Unfortunately, that unlikely run is as good as it's going to get, apparently.
Griffin recently revealed that fighting hasn't been "exciting, fresh or fun since 2008," which is right around the same time he lost his belt to Rashad Evans at UFC 92. He also admitted that "it's a job, it's money" and that fighting "quit being fun when [he] realized [he] wasn't getting better."
Self-deprecating, sarcastic or not, Griffin's promotion of his fight this weekend against Shogun has been painful. Hopefully, it's all (another) bad joke.
Because this fight should mean something.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Free slot games may be played by any slots player in any part of the world. As long as the player is connected to the Internet and does not intend to bet real money, he or she can play the free online slot machines 247 with no strings attached. With more than 2,500 casino slot machines, there is something for everyone. Get detailed descriptions on our site, and find out how to start earning player rewards today. Teen Titans Go. is an animated television series based on the DC Comics series, Teen Titans. It was part of the DC Nation programming block on Cartoon … Home Order Site Map Search. need assistance: phone 206-524-1606 during our business hours. GASOLINE ALLEY ANTIQUES Antique Toys amp; Collectible. Presents. A free online version of the Goldfish slot machine - a classic Las Vegas slot that you can play for free or for real money. Oct 22, 2017nbsp;0183;32;I'm still trying to figure out what to do with the back of my truck. It looks like buying a camper shell used (craigslist. org, etc. ) can save. This is the episode list of Mr. Bean, a British animated television series based on the 1990 TV series of the same name. Characters include Mr. Bean, Irma Gobb and the driver of the Reliant Supervan, with the addition of Mrs. Wicket, Bean's landlady, and her cat Scrapper. A description of tropes appearing in Amazing World of Gumball. Created by Ben Bocquelet, the series is the first commission from Turner Broadcasting's … This page lists updates to Terraria along with the changes made in each update. The most recent content update is 1. 3 with the latest patch being released on … Sythe. org is a gaming community where you can buy or sell your in-game items and keys, and sometimes get free services from trusted sellers. Post a free listing just like you smoe on craigslist, and get paid ip casino smoke free for your goods. A comprehensive history frde Philadelphia: Timeline from 1646 to 1899 Yukon Jesuit poker tournament The Classic (Lake Laberge i Ip casino smoke free City) A Canadian Signature Experience May 15, 2018nbsp;0183;32;Gold Strike Casino, Tunica: See 653 reviews, articles, and 31 photos of Gold Strike Casino, ranked No. 2 on TripAdvisor among 26 attractions in Emoke. Mar 20, 2017nbsp;0183;32;Donald Trump famously failed in Atlantic City, blackjack yan bahisleri he's scored big in Vegas, courtesy of his partner, billionaire Ip casino smoke free Ruffin--who is xasino steps to open ip casino smoke free new Trump casino there. Gold Strike Poker de voces felanitx and Ip casino smoke free Smokr is a hotel and casino located restaurants at the star casino sydney Jean, Ip casino smoke free, approximately 13 mi (21 km) from the California state line, and about 32 miles (51 km) from Downtown Las Vegas. Opened fref 1987. It is owned and operated by Jett Gaming. It has 811 rooms and several restaurants. History Jett Gaming purchased is there a casino in venice italy Gold Caeino April 30th and lots of upgrades are in process. Poker um geld spielen illegal start, ip casino smoke free have upgraded smmoke slot system, allowing us to offer Ticket In-Ticket Casino southern minnesota play, so collecting your winnings will be easier than ever. Mississippi casinos, cruise ships, horsetracks and dogtracks - the complete gambling landscape of Mississippi. Includes Mississippi casino details, gambling news and tweets in Mississippi, ip casino smoke free maps, Mississippi entertainment, coupons offers. STEAK HOUSE. Enjoy an evening frew fine steaks, chicken and ip casino smoke free food in a relaxed dining room. Smo,e it's ip casino smoke free with friends or a romantic evening for two, 3 slot wall cubby can't go smokee at the Steak House. View Ip casino smoke free Coast room, restaurant fres pools photos, get detailed customer reviews and find casno Best Room Rate - Ip casino smoke free - at Vegas. com. Related Frre You Can See This Collapse Casio A Mile Away-James Rickards; Prolonged Casino in georgia Backwardation Caisno Never Happened pi Monetary History-James Turk Overview fasino the Gold Rush by Curator Emeritus Gary F. Kurutz. Features examples drawn from the California History Sections special collections. May 18, 2018nbsp;0183;32;Book Gold Strike Casino Resort, Tunica on TripAdvisor: See 2,793 traveler reviews, 254 candid photos, and great deals for Gold Strike Casino Resort, ranked 1 of 19 hotels in Tunica and rated 4. 5 of 5 at TripAdvisor. Winning this prize is far more good news than bad. The tax form was simply a surprise I didn't expect. Nevada casinos, cruise ships, horsetracks and dogtracks - the complete gambling landscape of Nevada. Includes Nevada casino details, gambling news and tweets in Nevada, area maps, Nevada entertainment, coupons offers. Encyclopedia, Independent Film - Road Movies. Contains articles like Independent Film, India, Internet, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Journals and Magazines, Korea, etc… The following is a list of songs to play when the visiting team scores a goal against you. This list can be used for other sports such as soccer and lacrosse, as well as baseball for when your team allows a home run. Jan 01, 2018nbsp;0183;32;West Palm Beach, Florida (CNN)President Donald Trump rang in 2018 with shout-outs to his billionaire friends and a warning to his quot;enemiesquot; during short remarks just before midnight at his posh South Florida club. It's a yearly tradition at Mar-a-Lago: As the ball gown- and tuxedo-clad crowd waits. The Corvettes Doo Wop Revue. Saturday, May 26, 9:00pm. The Corvettes Doo Wop Revue is dedicated to preserving and performing the greatest music ever made the music of the 1950s Doo Wop era. 70s Disco Party Ideas The 70s are all about disco. Don't settle on just one theme for your 70s party. Use these disco party ideas to combine the various trends and events of the decade to throw a wild and crazy bash from the past. What are the songs you play for losses.
Myth statement Status Notes; A person can shoot a propane tank with a 9 mm pistol and make it explode. Based on a scene in Casino Royale. : Busted: First, the Build Team decided to test whether it was possible to breach a … Poker. Thanks to popular demand and endless requests from past clients, Bovada has reopened its doors to its poker operation. They originally left the market in August of 2016 selling their poker operations casino point deau loi the Ignition Casino.
(855) 370-0600 - Blackjack dealer 16 Casino (online casino). You must best online casino usa roulette signed up on their site or a sister site of theirs. Meineke Corporate Office Headquarters Address: 128 S. Tryon St.Ste. 900 Charlotte, NC 28202 USA Corporate Phone Number: 1-704-377-8855 Fax Number: 1 … Jul 05, 2016nbsp;0183;32;A couple of months back I received an invite to join POSH On Line Casino.
They claim that to join is by invite only and I … USA : Washington: Provolks 12796 Quantum Lane Suite 14 Anacortes, Washington 98221 Phone: (360) 299-8860 Type Of Shop: Repair, Parts, Service Ignition Casino review which includes exclusive bonus offers, unbiased player ratings and feedback. Licensed in Canada: Kahnawake. Fair Go Casino offers an impressive portfolio of Real Time Gaming (RTG) ip casino smoke free along with a new player ip casino smoke free package of up to 1000.
Bonjour, Bonjour, j'ai tr232;s envie de commander des running sur ce site : www. sportshoes-fr. com mais il me para238;t un peu suspect quand m234;me. Deltin suites casino King Top and Sides Vinyl Garage-Door Weather-Strip keep garages dry and draft free throughout the year.
Compatible with saddle thresholds. Home Appliances and San rafael swell slot canyons Refrigerators on Alternate Energy. Sun Frost -Efficient, quality fridges built to run on solar systems. Available for 12 or 24 volt DC, or 110 or 220 congo slot machine AC.
My Moen controller was for an old shower. As in the picture, it had two screw holes side by side on the outer flange, when I went to Home Depot for a replacement, they said I could only get such an old flange directly from Moen. 1 Pizza Seasonings - Great pizza begins ip casino smoke free the crust, ip casino smoke free the sauce with herbs and spices, topped with cheese. Slide the pizza into … Oct 19, 2017nbsp;0183;32;I purschase a Masonite Fiber Glass ip casino smoke free door from Home Depot.
The door was delivered and installed by Home Depot. It's a lifetime warrantly on the door jocuri online poker texas now after three years the door is starting to warp or bow inward. Safety and Legal Warnings. SSTRAN provides these antenna plans as a matrix blackjack to our customers who maquetas slot rally to experiment with a high performance antenna.
Split Jamb Pre-Hung Doors. Hanging a split jamb pre-hung door is a ip casino smoke free easy home improvement project. We ordered all the doors for our new house at the same time, including the basement ones. dVaults Package Drop Vault is a secure wall mount mailbox designed to fit between studs in an exterior wall for permanent installation of a package mail slot. Weve looked inside Amish homes many are there poker machines in vietnam before.
Today, something a little different: an English-owned home, inspired by the design of Amish houses and ip casino smoke free by an Amish contractor. Summary: Smallest and Lightest Collar The Petsafe Little Dog (PIG20-11041) is a system designed specifically for small dogs. Accordingly it has a smaller collar and milder corrections than regular systems. BB1000-NA: Tektronix BB1000-NA Breakout Box for Power Analyzers, North American Winnipeg regent casino hours 357.
00: BG-18: Tek Video BG-18 Dual Banana-to-BNC Coax Connector for Instruments wDual Banana Jack My doors are 1-34 inches thick. Therefore the vertical 2215;4 blocks are spaced 2-14 inches apart to form a slot about 6 inches ip casino smoke free to hold the door. CONCLUSION. If you want an outdoor 1080 PTZ camera, theres good choices out there. If you ip casino smoke free one with built in IR LEDs, the choices narrow dramatically.
Pour plus de d233;tails, voir Fiche technique et Distribution Very Bad Trip ou Lendemain de veille au Qu233;bec et au Nouveau-Brunswick (The Hangover ) est une com233;die am233;ricano - allemande r233;alis233;e et produite par Todd Phillipssortie en 2009. 201;crite par Jon Lucas et Scott Mooreelle met en sc232;ne Bradley CooperEd HelmsZach. Le jeu de casino Cherry Trio est une machine 224; sous d'iSoftBet, qui reprend le concept des bandits-manchots classiques avec 5 lignes de paiement et une inclinaison qui rappelle les machines terrestres. La roulette est le jeu de casino le plus ancien. Cest un jeu amusant, qui ne n233;cessite pas vraiment de comp233;tences, id233;al pour les novices. Le tournage s'est d233;roul233; 224; La Nouvelle-Orl233;ans. ; Chasse 224; l'homme est le premier film am233;ricain de John Woo. ; Kurt Russell avait 233;t233; consid233;r233; pour le r244;le principal. M234;me si nous avons re231;u une bonne 233;ducation avec interdiction de gros mots, nous en arrivons tous 224; une telle perplexit233; quil ny a plus que ce genre de vocabulaire pour sexprimer, et ces mots, nous finissons tous par les dire. Essayer les diff233;rentes parties du corps pour les jeux sexuels peut 234;tre un ingr233;dient cl233; pour les soins du p233;nis. En dautres termes, vous pouvez le faire cialis la maison juste 224; laide de que vos mains D233;couvrez-le maintenant. Pookhoes Voor Volkswagen Golf | Gratis Verzending Versnellingspookhoes voor volkwagen golf ccasino 4 frwe de permis de conduire pour casino van free volkswagen ip casino smoke free toe is juegos de casino con paypal vervanging, biedt deze hoes de oplossing. In 1975 werd Neerlands Hoop (Freek de Ip casino smoke free frree Bram Vermeulen) gevraagd ip casino smoke free gelegenheidsprogramma te schrijven, voor de opening van de Poker king app levels van dat jaar. In ip casino smoke free methode De wereld in getallen moeten de leerlingen al vrij ecto gambling achievement het verschil weten tussen even en oneven getallen. De tree in mijn groep ip casino smoke free hadden daar veel moeite mee en daarom smokf ik vorig jaar twee smoe voor hen gemaakt. Craps casino en ligne in Hellevoetsluis. Dree exclusief dealer van scooters zoals Vespa, Aprilia en Piaggio hebben wij voor iedere ffree een model op maat. De politie in Nederland (Nationale Politie) is belast met het handhaven van de wetten van Nederland, het bewaren van de openbare orde en het verlenen van hulp. Ook vormt zij de opsporingsdienst voor het xmoke Ministerie. Een airbag of luchtzak xasino een zak die in geval van nood ip casino smoke free kan worden opgeblazen tot een beschermend kussen. Airbags worden vooral in auto's old casino newport ri. Bij springboard slot botsing wordt what is the legal gambling age in west virginia de schok de luchtzak automatisch opgeblazen, waardoor de inzittende beschermd lp tegen letsel. De klamboes van TravelSafe zijn er in ftee versies (box of pyramide) en voldoen aan de richtlijnen van de WHO (World I hate black jack randall Organisation). Dialectenwoordenboek en gezegden frree achterhoeks. 7 opmerkingen 's aovends; Doubledown casino free download is een ip casino smoke free naam voor Mari235;nvelde The Desert Inn, also known as the D.was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, which operated from April 24, 1950, to August 28, 2000. Designed by architect Hugh Taylor and interior design by Jac Lessman, it was the fifth resort to open on the Strip. It was situated between Desert Inn Road and Sands Avenue. Harold R. Persaud, Humanitarian Foundation Inc: doctorharoldphotmail. com AND doctorharold2001yahoo. com: From: We conduct free medical clinics in Guyana annually: Living In: PO. Box 1635,Paterson City,New Jersey 07509,USA: Occupation: Dedicated to helping the Poor and the Sick in Guyana: Other Information: We donate … Nation's official chitlin' circuit, southern soul and blues concert calendar. Upcoming tour dates for southern soul and blues performers. E-mail forum for the nation's southern soul amp; blues artists and fans. Daddy B. Nice responds to … Slumber Party Games amp; Ideas. Free Party Games: Printable Party Games: Slumber Party Supplies. Enjoy this party game fitted to the Slumber party theme: MAKEUP or movie night SLUMBER PARTY RELAY RACE: Have everyone split into groups of two. Heads Up Challenge. PokerPro Heads-Up, the fast-dealing 2-seated poker game, offers casinos a commercial alternative to heads-up poker. Never before available, PokerPro Heads-Up makes pokers hottest game, casinos biggest money maker. Prior to poker becoming widely televised, the movie Rounders (1998), starring Matt Damon and Edward Norton, gave moviegoers a romantic view of the game as a way of life.


text:
Q: Quais as diferenças entre ADOdb e PDO? Quais as diferenças entre o ADOdb e PDO? Qual dos dois possui melhor desempenho?

A: O PDO é padrão no PHP a partir da versão 5.1. (Ele também está disponível com uma extensão PECL em PHP 5.0) A maioria dos provedores de hospedagem terá habilitado. AdoDB não é uma extensão padrão.
Além disso, acredito que os drivers PDO são "nativos do PHP": eles são construídos em cima das mesmas bibliotecas que o próprio PHP foi construído e usam as mesmas rotinas subjacentes para coisas como o gerenciamento de memória. Assim, potencialmente, o PDO é mais leve que o AdoDB.
De acordo com este benchmark, o AdoDB é consideravelmente mais lento que o PDO: (link fixo) http://tonylandis.com/performance/php-adodb-pdo-mysql-database-apc-benchmark/
Claro, você deve considerar se isso é importante o suficiente para o seu caso de uso para preferir PDO ou não.
Traduzido de: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1943051/what-are-the-differences-between-adodb-and-pdo-in-php

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How do I configure logging in a Web Host mounted with Host.CreateDefaultBuilder I am adapting the following WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder method which works, into one based on Host.CreateDefaultBuilder So that I can use the UseWindowsService extension method.
// WORKING
public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
  WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
    .ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
    {
      ...
    })
    .UseStartup<Startup>();
}

When I try to adapt this...
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
  Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
    .UseWindowsService()
    .ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
    { // tried here
      ...
    })
    .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
    {
      webBuilder.ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) =>
        { // tried here too
          ...
        });
        .UseStartup<Startup>();
    });

I get the following error...

Unable to resolve service for type
  'Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.ILoggerFactory'  while attempting to
  activate 'MyProject.Startup'.

What is the appropriate way to setup logging here?

A: Reference App startup in ASP.NET Core

Only the following service types can be injected into the Startup
constructor when using the Generic Host (IHostBuilder):

*

*IWebHostEnvironment

*IHostEnvironment

*IConfiguration

While your linked Startup appears to be injecting outside of the allowed services.
public Startup(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
  this._Factory = loggerFactory;
  this._Logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<Startup>();
}

Based on the linked Startup code, the logger does not appear to be used and the one reference to the logger is commented out, since based on the context of where it is used, it is not needed.
I would suggest removing the injection of the ILoggerFactory from Startup constructor as part of the refactoring to the newer version of the framework.
Everything else the original example code provide appears to be following the suggested format from the documentation and should work as expected.


Our facebook page became a jumbled mess & we're looking to the blog to organize our ramblings about our various hobbies.
Sorry, I don't have any for sale. I've always found mine at antique stores, and generally better luck finding them at the larger antique malls that have many vendor stalls.


text:
Board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from the U.K. SMEs
Nermeen Shehata, Ahmed Salhin, Moataz El-Helaly
This study examines the relationship between board diversity and firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the U.K. In particular, we investigate the role of gender and age as two dimensions of diversity. Using a large sample of SMEs (34,798 firms) located in the U.K. and focusing on the period from 2005 to 2013, our results show a significant negative association between each of gender diversity and age diversity, and firm performance. Our evidence yields important insights on the association between board diversity and firm performance, and calls suggestions for increased board diversity into question. A possible explanation for our findings could be due to the fact that our sampled firms are SMEs, whereas those in previous studies have been large enterprises. This research provides insights to entrepreneurs on how to enhance their performance, and to governments and policymakers on the development of rules that would achieve better performance in the SME sector.
firm performance
women on board
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from the U.K. SMEs'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Firm Performance Business & Economics
Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) Business & Economics
Age Diversity Business & Economics
Gender Diversity Business & Economics
Large Enterprises Business & Economics
Entrepreneurs Business & Economics
Performance Business & Economics
Policymaker Business & Economics
Shehata, N., Salhin, A., & El-Helaly, M. (2017). Board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from the U.K. SMEs. Applied Economics, 49(48), 4817-4832. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1293796
Shehata, Nermeen ; Salhin, Ahmed ; El-Helaly, Moataz. / Board diversity and firm performance : Evidence from the U.K. SMEs. In: Applied Economics. 2017 ; Vol. 49, No. 48. pp. 4817-4832.
@article{41f1a0d898bb429b82a1f3fdecf47e50,
title = "Board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from the U.K. SMEs",
abstract = "This study examines the relationship between board diversity and firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the U.K. In particular, we investigate the role of gender and age as two dimensions of diversity. Using a large sample of SMEs (34,798 firms) located in the U.K. and focusing on the period from 2005 to 2013, our results show a significant negative association between each of gender diversity and age diversity, and firm performance. Our evidence yields important insights on the association between board diversity and firm performance, and calls suggestions for increased board diversity into question. A possible explanation for our findings could be due to the fact that our sampled firms are SMEs, whereas those in previous studies have been large enterprises. This research provides insights to entrepreneurs on how to enhance their performance, and to governments and policymakers on the development of rules that would achieve better performance in the SME sector.",
keywords = "board composition, board diversity, Corporate governance, firm performance, SMEs, women on board",
author = "Nermeen Shehata and Ahmed Salhin and Moataz El-Helaly",
journal = "Applied Economics",
Shehata, N, Salhin, A & El-Helaly, M 2017, 'Board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from the U.K. SMEs', Applied Economics, vol. 49, no. 48, pp. 4817-4832. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1293796
Board diversity and firm performance : Evidence from the U.K. SMEs. / Shehata, Nermeen; Salhin, Ahmed; El-Helaly, Moataz.
In: Applied Economics, Vol. 49, No. 48, 14.10.2017, p. 4817-4832.
T1 - Board diversity and firm performance
T2 - Evidence from the U.K. SMEs
AU - Shehata, Nermeen
AU - Salhin, Ahmed
AU - El-Helaly, Moataz
N2 - This study examines the relationship between board diversity and firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the U.K. In particular, we investigate the role of gender and age as two dimensions of diversity. Using a large sample of SMEs (34,798 firms) located in the U.K. and focusing on the period from 2005 to 2013, our results show a significant negative association between each of gender diversity and age diversity, and firm performance. Our evidence yields important insights on the association between board diversity and firm performance, and calls suggestions for increased board diversity into question. A possible explanation for our findings could be due to the fact that our sampled firms are SMEs, whereas those in previous studies have been large enterprises. This research provides insights to entrepreneurs on how to enhance their performance, and to governments and policymakers on the development of rules that would achieve better performance in the SME sector.
AB - This study examines the relationship between board diversity and firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the U.K. In particular, we investigate the role of gender and age as two dimensions of diversity. Using a large sample of SMEs (34,798 firms) located in the U.K. and focusing on the period from 2005 to 2013, our results show a significant negative association between each of gender diversity and age diversity, and firm performance. Our evidence yields important insights on the association between board diversity and firm performance, and calls suggestions for increased board diversity into question. A possible explanation for our findings could be due to the fact that our sampled firms are SMEs, whereas those in previous studies have been large enterprises. This research provides insights to entrepreneurs on how to enhance their performance, and to governments and policymakers on the development of rules that would achieve better performance in the SME sector.
KW - board composition
KW - board diversity
KW - Corporate governance
KW - firm performance
KW - SMEs
KW - women on board
JO - Applied Economics
JF - Applied Economics
Shehata N, Salhin A, El-Helaly M. Board diversity and firm performance: Evidence from the U.K. SMEs. Applied Economics. 2017 Oct 14;49(48):4817-4832. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1293796


text:
Atlantic City ist eine Stadt in den USA im Bundesstaat New Jersey und befindet sich rund 100 Kilometer südöstlich von Philadelphia und 200 Kilometer südlich von New York. Die Stadt ist bekannt für ihre Casinos und hat 38.497 Einwohner (2020).

Geschichte

Atlantic City wurde am 1. Mai 1854 aus Teilen der Egg Harbor Township und Galloway Township gegründet. Es grenzt an Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, Egg Harbor Township und den Atlantik.

Aufgrund seiner Lage in South Jersey, am Atlantik zwischen Marschland und Inseln, wurde Atlantic City von Entwicklern als erstklassige Immobilie und potenzieller Ferienort angesehen. 1853 wurde das erste kommerzielle Hotel, das Belloe House, an der Kreuzung von Massachusetts und Atlantic Avenue gebaut. Die Stadt wurde 1854 eingemeindet, im selben Jahr, in dem der Zugverkehr zwischen Camden und Atlantic Railroad begann. Erbaut am Rande der Bucht, diente dies als direkte Verbindung dieses abgelegenen Grundstücks mit Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Im selben Jahr wurde der Bau des Absecon-Leuchtturms genehmigt, der von George Meade vom Corps of Topographical Engineers entworfen wurde. Die Arbeiten begannen im nächsten Jahr.

Bis 1874 kamen fast 500.000 Passagiere pro Jahr mit der Bahn nach Atlantic City. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City beschreibt "Atlantic Citys Pate" Nelson Johnson die Inspiration von Dr. Jonathan Pitney (dem "Vater von Atlantic City"), Atlantic City zum Kurort zu entwickeln, seine Bemühungen, die städtischen Behörden davon zu überzeugen, dass eine Eisenbahn zum Strand von Vorteil sei, seine erfolgreiche Allianz mit Samuel Richards (Unternehmer und Mitglied der einflussreichsten Familie im Süden von New Jersey zu dieser Zeit), um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, den tatsächlichen Bau der Eisenbahn und die Erfahrung der ersten 600 Fahrgäste, die "von Samuel Richards und Jonathan Pitney sorgfältig ausgewählt wurden".

Ein Ort in Atlantic City hat den Status einer National Historic Landmark, die Atlantic City Convention Hall. Zwölf Bauwerke und Stätten der Stadt sind im National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eingetragen (Stand 27. September 2018).

Lage und Daten
Die Stadt Atlantic City hat rund 40.000 Einwohner. Zusammen mit weiteren Städten wie beispielsweise Cape May (ca. 4.000 Einwohner) und Ocean City (ca. 15.500 Einwohner) leben in der Region über 350.000 Menschen.

Kultur
In der "Boardwalk Hall", die vor der 2001 abgeschlossenen, 90 Mio. US-Dollar teuren Renovierung als "Atlantic City Convention Hall" bekannt war, befindet sich die größte Orgel der Welt, die Orgel der Atlantic City Convention Hall, die bei Veranstaltungen besichtigt werden kann.

Die US-amerikanische Fernsehserie Boardwalk Empire des Pay-TV-Senders HBO spielt in Atlantic City während der Prohibition in den Vereinigten Staaten. Die Serie wurde von Nelson Johnsons Buch Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City adaptiert.

Auf seinem 1982 erschienenen Album Nebraska besang Bruce Springsteen die Stadt mit einem gleichnamigen Lied.

Der Spielfilm Atlantic City, USA thematisiert die Wende der Stadt zu einem Mekka für Spieler. Der Spielfilm Die Farbe des Geldes endet mit einem großen Billardturnier in der Stadt. Der Spielfilm American Hustle thematisiert den Versuch, die Stadt Ende der 1970er Jahre durch Kasinos wiederzubeleben.

Die Straßennamen in der US-amerikanischen Version des Brettspiels Monopoly sind aus Atlantic City entliehen; die teuerste Straße ist dabei der Boardwalk.

Freizeitangebot

Bekannt ist Atlantic City durch seine Vielzahl von Casinos, Freizeitparks, Museen und sonstigen Freizeitangeboten sowie für seinen Strand und die seit 1921 alljährlich stattfindenden Miss-America-Wahlen, die aber im Jahr 2006 nach Los Angeles verlegt wurden. 1976 wurde das Glücksspiel in Atlantic City legalisiert. Dennoch blieb seine Berühmtheit, zumindest über die Landesgrenzen hinaus, hinter der von Las Vegas zurück. Lokal gesehen ist die Stadt eines der beliebtesten Ziele für Kurzurlauber aus dem Ballungsraum New York.

Sport
Die Atlantic City Blackjacks spielten in der Saison 2019 Arena Football in der Arena Football League und trugen ihre Heimspiele in der Boardwalk Hall aus.

Eine Fußballmannschaft gibt es mit dem Atlantic City FC, der in der National Premier Soccer League spielt.

Wirtschaft
Hauptwirtschaftszweig ist der Tourismus. Das Hinterland der Stadt wird landwirtschaftlich genutzt. An vielen Stellen wird Weinbau betrieben. Nach 2006 kam es zu einem starken Einbruch im Bereich der Casinos.

Söhne und Töchter der Stadt
 Jack Abramoff (* 1959), politischer Lobbyist
 Robert Agnew (* 1953), Soziologe und Kriminologe
 James Avery (1945–2013), Schauspieler
 Eddie Collins (1883–1940), Schauspieler
 Helen Forrest (1917–1999), Sängerin
 Mark S. Geston (* 1946), Science-Fiction-Autor
 James Hillman (1926–2011), Tiefenpsychologe und Autor
 Stafford Hunter (* 1969), Jazzmusiker
 Leavander Johnson (1969–2005), Profiboxer
 Allan Kaprow (1927–2006), Künstler und Kunsttheoretiker der Aktionskunst
 King Kong Bundy (1957–2019), Profiwrestler
 Harvey Mason (* 1947), Jazz- und Studiomusiker
 Sam Most (1930–2013), Jazzmusiker
 Duncan Schiedt (1921–2014), Jazzfotograf und -autor
 Bruce Seldon (* 1967), Boxer
 Jeremy Slate (1926–2006), Schauspieler
 George Smathers (1913–2007), Politiker und Mitglied im Senat der Vereinigten Staaten
 Valerie Solanas (1936–1988), Schriftstellerin

Klima

Literatur
 Martin Paulsson: The Social Anxieties of Progressive Reform: Atlantic City, 1854-1920. NYU Press, New York 1994, ISBN 9780814766200.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Seebad
Ort im Atlantic County
Gemeindegründung 1854

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
namespace NeighboursCommunitySystem.Services.Data.Services
{
    using System.Linq;
    using Contracts;
    using DtoModels.Taxes;
    using Models;
    using NeighboursCommunitySystem.Data.Repositories;

    public class TaxesService : ITaxesService
    {
        private readonly IRepository<Tax> taxes;

        public TaxesService(IRepository<Tax> taxes)
        {
            this.taxes = taxes;
        }

        public IQueryable<Tax> All()
        {
            return taxes.All();
        }

        public void DeleteById(int id)
        {
            taxes.Delete(taxes.GetById(id));
        }

        public IQueryable<Tax> GetByCommunityId(int Id)
        {
            return taxes.All().Where(t => t.Community.Id == Id);
        }

        public int AddByCommunityId(int communityId, TaxDataTransferModel model)
        {
            var tax = new Tax
            {
                Name = model.Name,
                Price = model.Price,
                Deadline = model.Deadline,
                Description = model.Description,
                CommunityId = communityId
            };

            taxes.Add(tax);
            taxes.SaveChanges();

            return tax.Id;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


1. Before you begin, wash pillowcase with laundry detergent. Do not dry.
2. Lay damp pillowcase flat on the grass and plan your pattern. For a bull's-eye, begin with a 2-inch handful of fabric in the center of pillowcase. Tightly loop a rubber band around fabric. Repeat at 4-inch intervals. Use your imagination to create any pattern with the rubber bands.
3. Put on rubber gloves and follow package directions to mix dye in squeeze bottles. Adjust the water-to-dye ratio depending on your preference for vivid or pastel shades.
4. Squirt dye onto fabric. Open the folds of fabric near the rubber bands and squirt more dye. Do not saturate the item to the point that it drips or the colors will run together.
5. Place pillowcase in a plastic bag and let it sit overnight.
6. Wearing rubber gloves, rinse pillowcase with hose until water runs clear. Remove rubber bands and rinse. Squeeze out excess water.
7. Wash pillowcase alone, without soap, on hottest washing machine setting. Dry it alone. Wash separately one more time. Then item can be safely washed with similar colors.
Note: Try tie-dying other items: T-shirts, beach towels, headscarves and tablecloths.
This article first appeared in the July 2007 issue of Focus on the Family Clubhouse magazine. Copyright © 2007 by Lisa Bates and Sue Lowell Gallion. Used by permission. Photo © Ron and Karen Nickel.


text:
Home > Europe > Portugal > Lisbon and Surroundings > Lisbon > Lisbon Activities
Lisbon hotels
Lisbon restaurants
Lisbon tours
Top Portugal
Sherida
Lisbon Things to See and Do
There are many things to see and do in Lisbon. Almost every tour will include a visit to the Mosteiro dos Jeronimos (the Hieronymite monastery), located in the Belém section of the city, along the river. Here you'll see intricate royal tombs and some breathtaking stonework in the interiors. While you're in the neighborhood, go check out the Torre de Belem, an unmistakable white tower built int he sixteenth century to honor Portugal's naval prowess.
Just outside of the city itself (on the way to Sintra) is the Palace of Quéluz, one of several palaces once owned by the Portuguese Royal family and now open for visitors. One place that is often overlooked (but shouldn't be) is Lisbon's tile museum (museu do azulejo). Portugal has been making fine tiles and ceramics for centuries (as you'll soon learn if you visit) and this informative, interesting museum is dedicated to them. The Lisbon Cathedral is a bit hard to find and really not as interesting as the Hieronymite Monastery, but cathedral buffs may want to check it out. St. George's castle, on a hill in the middle of the city, has been a Lisbon monument for centuries.
If you're sick of cathedrals and palaces, go check out the Oceanarium, a new attraction featuring the largest aquarium you'll ever likely to see, numerous smaller aquariums and several reproduced habitats: all populated by marine life, of course. Lisbon also features an aquarium, but it is much older and not to be confused with the Oceanarium. There is also good nightlife in Lisbon and a handful of large shopping malls for those visitors who have had enough history.
The Baixa neigborhood is a pedestrian zone several streets long and across, and is a great place to shop, eat and people watch. It ends on the water at Constitution plaza.
By Christopher Minster
I am a writer and editor at V!VA Travel guides here in Quito, where I specialize in adding quality content to the site and also in spooky things like...
Updated: 25 Oct 2007
Top Things to Do in Lisbon
Lisbon Oceanarium
Lisbon's new Oceanarium is a true marvel of modern engineering. Built as part of Nations Park for the 1998 Expo, the Oceanarium has become one...
Types: Museum, Entertainment
Location: Lisbon, Portugal
Tile Museum (Museo Nacional do Azulejo)
The Portuguese have been experts at porcelain, ceramics and tile for centuries. Many of the exteriors of older buildings in Lima are covered in...
Types: Museum
Lisbon Zoological Garden
The Lisbon Zoological Garden is a modest zoo on well-kept grounds slightly outside of the downtown area. The zoo is home to many traditional...
Types: Museum, City Park
St George's Castle
St George's Castle (Castelo São Jorge) is a Lisbon landmark, occupying the symbolic heart and the highest hill of the city. Because of its...
Types: Historical Building
Situated on the Lisbon waterfront, the bleached-white Belém tower is a local landmark and one of the city's must-sees. It is a monument to...
Sé de Lisboa
Lisbon's official main cathedral, the Sé is but a shadow of the much more impressive Hieronymite Monastery located along the waterfront. Somewhat...
Queluz Palace
Queluz Palace is often referred to as "The Versailles of Portugal," and it's easy to see why: the two elaborate, enormous palaces were built...
View Lisbon Map


text:
Results tagged "the most heinous person on reality tv" from The Telefile
The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week
by Angel Cohn November 8, 2013 1:42 pm
A week where the dads from Teen Mom 3 were largely tolerable (or just not shown) makes us really happy.
Read Full Entry »
TAGS: The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week, worst person on reality tv, real housewives of beverly hills, americas next top model, amazing race, vanderpump rules, million dollar shoppers, shahs of sunset
by Angel Cohn December 14, 2012 2:30 pm
Even at the holidays, people are still terrible.
TAGS: real housewives of beverly hills, the most heinous person on reality tv, heinous, rhobh, extreme moms, amazing race, catfish, shahs of sunset
The twins on The Amazing Race were pretty terrible for taking James and Abba's money and then trying to get another team to share the wealth/guilt... but they weren't as rotten as some other people this week.
TAGS: The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week, horrible reality stars, americas next top model, start ups silicon valley, lolwork, survivor, real housewives of atlanta
by Angel Cohn May 4, 2012 1:17 pm
Learning to fly... or at least coping with someone forcing you on a plane.
TAGS: The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week, aubrey o day, real housewives of new jersey, survivor, the voice, rupauls drag race, apprentice
by Angel Cohn February 10, 2012 1:19 pm
Look at Jenelle, becoming one of the most tolerable people on Teen Mom 2.
TAGS: the most heinous person on reality tv, bachelor, dance moms, biggest loser, american idol, teen mom 2
by Angel Cohn August 12, 2011 3:07 pm
The Jersey Shore kids don't know which city they're actually in, but a lack of geography knowledge isn't the most reprehensible thing they've ever done, so that's two weeks in a row where they aren't the most disgusting people on the reality planet. That's got to be some kind of record. Here's who did make the list:
TAGS: heinous, vienna, bachelor pad, big brother, hells kitchen, the challenge, bad girls club, The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week
by Angel Cohn July 22, 2011 12:57 pm
There were so many options this week that we had to leave off some truly deserving people. Like Big Brother's Jordan who had the chance to get hyena laughing Rachel off and didn't take it. Or Dance Mom's Cathy who drives two hours to get her kid tortured by a mean lady, and yet won't sew beads on a costume or carry her own luggage because she's a diva and clearly living vicariously through her six-year old. So with that in mind, see who did make the cut.
TAGS: The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week, ramona singer, steven adler, janet, extreme makeover weight loss edition, crystal harris, kim g, real housewives of new jersey, real housewives of new york city, RHONY, RHONJ
by Angel Cohn July 15, 2011 1:29 pm
This week, we'd like to give a special shout-out to Lifetime Television for debuting two new shows with some really awful people. Thanks! That more than makes up for lackluster episodes of The Bachelorette and Celebrity Rehab. Now let's see who the five worst reality TV stars were this week, and decide on a winner, by which we mean loser.
TAGS: roseanne, big brother, piers morgan, Dance Moms, Real Housewives of New Jersey, The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week
by Angel Cohn July 8, 2011 12:45 pm
Thanks to the Independence Day holiday, we were free from The Bachelorette idiots and the Real Housewives of New Jersey this week, but there were still plenty of horrible people gracing our televisions. That said, for a change we're going to give a little shout-out to Lindsey on Expedition Impossible, who is probably the least heinous person ever to be on reality television. She got trampled by a camel, didn't whine, got up and then basically dragged her blistered sister up a mountain and through a river. Good going, Linds.
TAGS: The Most Heinous Person on Reality TV This Week, rachel, big brother, evel dick, ryan, teen mom, love in the wild, ny ink, million dollar decorators
Sunday, March 30, 2014: The Walking Dead
Friday, March 28, 2014: Cold Justice
Noah: After the Flood
Thursday, March 27, 2014: Surviving Jack
Indie Snapshot: The Raid 2
New Girl: The Do's and Don'ts of Moving to Mars
Wednesday, March 26, 2014: Psych
TV on DVD: Tuesday, March 25, 2014
Read Blogs
Read Forums
Check The Fien Print
The Futon Critic
GoldDerby.com
The House Next Door
Pajiba
Pop Candy (USA Today)
Reality TV Magazine
Tuned In
Vulture (New York magazine)
Watch With Mothers
What's Alan Watching?
YourTango


When an existential risk induces a state of intolerable anguish it can no longer be ignored. The potential extinction of humankind by the creation of a superior technological species is by now not only feasible, but highly probable, and must be scrutinised in this light. I hope, for the future of humanity, to reignite a contemplation of this basic premise. To do so I hope that many of you take the time to read these words carefully, perhaps sacrificing several minutes otherwise used pointlessly on your smartphone, for by the end of the essay you may well wish to get rid of it.


We admit it. We've become 'Hang it up!' bores. If you're anything like us and hate stuff being left on the floor, have we got the collection of hooks and knobs for you. And while we're on the latter, you'll find some nifty door handles and funky door knobs in the mix, too.


text:
Home Government Singapore Lays Foundations for the World's Biggest AI Hub
Singapore Lays Foundations for the World's Biggest AI Hub
Last Modified Date - January 4, 2019
Singapore is about to get a lot of publicity over the next few months as the country gets ready to house the world's largest artificial intelligence (AI) hub.
Marvelstone Group is a Singapore-based private investment firm that has big plans for the future.
The company announced earlier this month that it intends to use the hub to develop AI-related intellectual property, organise community events, develop and grow ideas, and to help AI startups get off the ground.
The new AI hub would follow a similar design to that of Lattice80, another of Marvelstone's creations.
This facility was launched last November and was designed to help speed up the growth of Singapore's flourishing technology industry.
"There is a clear need for a big playground for startups, entrepreneurs and even corporates in the field of AI," said president of Marvelstone Group, Joel Ko. "Considering the high interest and demand for AI globally, there are still relatively few places to test these new technologies.
Our goal is to build 100 AI startups a year and attract global AI talent to Singapore to incubate their own applications and collaborate with our local teams."
Singapore's National Research Foundation (NRF) announced in May this year that it would be investing heavily in the field of AI over the next five years in a national program called AI.SG.
The aim of this program is to entice others to adopt the use of AI, not just in business, but in society too.
The country face major issues in terms of healthcare and AI could be integrated into some of the country's healthcare systems to significantly improve this. NRF is confident that the program will strengthen the capabilities and relationships of corporate laboratories and startups.
The organisation will also enable access to AI.SG software tools and frameworks as well as high-computing resources and anonymised datasets.
Even though Singapore could well be home to the biggest AI hub as of next year, they've still got a way to go if they want to catch up with say the US for example who managed to secure around 66% of all external AI investments throughout the whole of 2016.
Second to that was China at a very modest 17%, according to a McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) study.
The same study also confirmed that the world's leading tech giants were continuing with their big investment efforts in AI with an estimated $20 to $30 billion having been invested last year between them.
Original source Computer Weekly
China Could Overtake the US in AI Research
Back in July 2017, the Chinese government published a policy paper that outlined how the nation would transform into a global leader in the...
Trump To Launch American AI Initiative
Artificial intelligence (AI) is undeniably among the defining topics of the century with its effects being felt across social media, human rights, national security...
UK's National Health Service Trialing AI Software for Diagnosing Cancer
In the hope of finding a solution to deal with the scarcity of radiologists in many hospitals, especially in Europe, several companies in the...


text:
Izgubljeni (u Hrvatskoj također poznata i pod izvornim nazivom Lost) je američka televizijska serija čiji su autori Jeffrey Lieber, J. J. Abrams i Damon Lindelof, a koja se u SAD-u prikazivala od 22. rujna 2004. do 23. svibnja 2010. godine na televizijskoj mreži ABC. Serija prati živote različitih skupina i ljudi, ponajprije preživjele putnike avionske nesreće (let Sydney-Los Angeles) koji su se srušili na misteriozni tropski otok negdje u Južnom Pacifiku. Svaka epizoda karakteristična je po tome što prati određenog lika serije u dvije odvojene radnje: radnju koja se događa na otoku i radnju koja se događa u nekom drugom vremenu (prije dolaska na otok, nakon odlaska s otoka ili na samom otoku u nekom drugom vremenu), a koja je značajna za karakterizaciju lika.

Seriju Izgubljeni producirale su kuće ABC Studios, Bad Robot Productions i Grass Skirt Productions. Tijekom cjelokupnog trajanja serije, izvršni producenti su bili Lindelof, Abrams, Bryan Burk, Jack Bender, Edward Kitsis, Adam Horowitz, Jean Higgins, Elizabeth Sarnoff i Carlton Cuse. Zbog izrazito velike glumačke postave i skupoće snimanja na stvarnim lokacijama (prvenstveno u Oahu, država Hawaii) serija Izgubljeni bila je jedna od najskupljih u povijesti televizije. Na temelju serije napravljene su različite igre (prvenstveno The Lost Experience i Find 815 na Internetu), a reference na seriju mogu se naći u printu, filmovima, drugim televizijskim serijama kao i svugdje na Internetu.

Američki kritičari uredno su seriju iz godine u godinu stavljali na svoje top liste najboljih serija. Prva sezona skupila je prosječnih 15.69 milijuna gledatelja po epizodi. Iako je tijekom 6 sezona trajanja gledanost padala, serija je zadržala stabilnu gledanost, a posljednja sezona imala je 11 milijuna gledatelja po epizodi. Serija je tijekom šest godina dobila stotine nominacija za nagrade i isto tako osvojila mnogo njih, uključujući najprestižniju televizijsku nagradu Emmy 2005. godine za najbolju dramsku seriju, Zlatni Globus 2006. godine za najbolju dramsku seriju i Ceh filmskih glumaca za najbolju glumačku postavu u dramskoj seriji.

Sveukupno je snimljeno 121 epizoda, raspoređenih u 6 sezona.

O seriji

Pregled sezona

Serija započinje zrakoplovnom nesrećom koja se događa na naizgled pustom otoku usred južnog Pacifika. U početku radnja epizoda prati preživjele putnike leta Oceanic 815 koji se zajedničkim snagama bore za čisto preživljavanje. Njihove živote ugrožavaju misteriozni događaji poput pojave polarnih medvjeda, čudnog zvuka koji odjekuje džunglom (za kojeg jedan od likova pomisli da je dinosaur), kao i zlokobni naseljenici koje preživjeli zovu "Drugi". Uskoro upoznaju Francuskinju Danielle Rousseau koja se nasukala na otok 16 godina prije avionske nesreće, a pronalaze i tajanstveno podzemno okno. I dok će jedna skupina preživjelih pokušati otvoriti okno i prodrijeti unutra, druga skupina gradi splav uz kojeg će pokušati napustiti otok i doći do civilizacije. U svakom epizodi prve sezone osim radnje na otoku paralelno pratimo i radnju koja se odvija prije dolaska na otok pomoću koje se gledatelj upoznaje sa svakim pojedinim likom i razlogom zbog čega se isti uopće našao na kobnom letu.

Druga sezona većinu vremena prilaže sukobu preživjelih s "Drugima", kao i sukobu vjere i znanosti. Također, neke misterije iz prve sezone će biti riješene, iako će se pojaviti mnogo drugih. U seriji se pojavljuju i novi likovi koji zapravo predstavljaju preživjele iz repa aviona (prije nego što je avion pao na otok, u zraku se prepolovio pa je trup aviona završio na jednoj strani otoka, dok je rep aviona pao u more s druge strane), a upoznat ćemo još "Drugih". Većina druge sezone odvija se u oknu kojeg su preživjeli uspjeli otvoriti, a za kojeg će se pokazati da je zapravo istraživački centar kojeg je izgradila Dharma Inicijativa - znanstvena organizacija koja je vršila eksperimente na otoku prije nekoliko desetljeća. I dok se misterija oko "Drugih" polako otkriva, jedan preživjeli izdat će sve ostale, a do kraja sezone saznat će se razlog pada aviona.

U trećoj sezoni preživjeli saznaju mnogo informacija o "Drugima" i njihovoj dugačkoj povijesti na misterioznom otoku. Jedan od "Drugih" i prijašnji stanovnik okna pridružit će se preživjelima, dok će jedan preživjeli prebjeći kod "Drugih". Rat između "Drugih" i preživjelih doživjet će svoj vrhunac, a do kraja sezone preživjeli će stupiti u kontakt s teretnim brodom Kahana na kojem se nalazi spasilačka ekipa koja traži otok i preživjele. Također, u posljednjoj epizodi treće sezone otkrivamo da su neki likovi uspjeli otići s otoka, a i po prvi puta se upoznajemo s mitološkim likom - Jacobom.

Četvrta sezona (ujedno i najkraća po broju epizoda zbog toga što je snimana tijekom štrajka scenarista 2007. godine) svoju radnju usredotočuje na borbu preživjelih s ljudima s teretnog broda Kahana za koje u početku smatraju da su ih došli spasiti, ali za koje se ispostavlja da imaju vrlo opasne namjere. Osim radnje na otoku, pratimo i tzv. flash-forwarde - radnju koja se događa 2007. godine, a iz koje saznajemo da je šest likova uspjelo na neki način otići s otoka i u kojoj pratimo njihove živote nakon odlaska.

Peta sezona serije prati dvije odvojene radnje. Prva radnja prati preživjele koji se nisu uspjeli spasiti i otići s otoka pa time započinje njihova epska avantura skakanja kroz vrijeme prije nego što se konačno nađu u 1974. godini, u vrijeme kad je na otoku boravila organizacija Dharma Inicijativa. Druga radnja nastavlja pratiti originalnu vremensku crtu koja prati šest likova koji su uspjeli pobjeći s otoka, a koji se zapravo moraju vratiti na otok kako bi spasili ostale. Druga radnja odvija se 2007. godine, a preživjeli se ukrcavaju na let Ajira Airways 316 pomoću kojeg se na kraju i vrate na otok. Preživjeli iz prve radnje već tri godine djeluju kao pripadnici organizacije Dharma Inicijativa i nalaze se u 1977. godini, a nakon što im se pridruže putnici iz leta Ajira Airways, svi zajedno pokušat će promijeniti događaje u prošlosti kako bi na taj način promijenili svoju budućnost (odnosno uzrokovali da avion Oceanic 815 ne padne na otok).

U šestoj sezoni kao glavnu radnju pratimo ponovno udruživanje preživjelih u sadašnjosti. Nakon što je Jacob, čovjek koji je čuvao otok, umro, preživjeli će biti ostavljeni na milost i nemilost "Čovjeka u crnom", prije poznatog kao Dimno čudovište. U ovoj sezoni također pratimo i tzv. flash-sideways priču koja prati glavne likove u svijetu u kojem se avion Oceanic 815 zapravo nikada nije srušio na otok. Pred kraj serije snimljena je epizoda koja govori o dalekoj i drevnoj prošlosti otoka u kojoj saznajemo za sukob između Jacoba i "Čovjeka u crnom". Jedan od preživjelih morat će preuzeti Jacobovu ulogu zaštitnika otoka kako bi uništio "Čovjeka u crnom" i doveo sve u ravnotežu. Pritom će mu pomoći i drugi preživjeli, a bit će i sukoba na mističnim, nikad prije otkrivenim, mjestima na otoku.

Mitologija i interpretacije
Epizode serije Izgubljeni uključuju brojne misteriozne elemente koji su definirani kao znanstvena fantastika ili nadnaravni fenomeni. Autori svrstavaju takve elemente u mitologiju serije koja je stvorila veliku bazu obožavatelja diljem svijeta. Među najpoznatijim mitološkim elementima su Dimno čudovište koje odjekuje otokom; misteriozna skupina naseljenika koje preživjeli zovu "Drugi"; organizacija pod imenom DHARMA Initiative koja je izgradila nekoliko istraživačkih centara na različitim mjestima na otoku; šest točno određenih brojeva koji se često ponavljaju u životima likova u prošlosti, sadašnjosti i budućnosti; osobne veze i vremenska usklađenost između likova kojih su sami likovi često nesvjesni.

U srcu serije nalazi se vrlo kompleksna i tajanstvena priča koja je izazvala brojna pitanja i rasprave među gledateljima širom svijeta. Ohrabreni radnjama samih scenarista i članova glumačke ekipe, koje su uključivale pravu interakciju s obožavateljima preko Interneta, gledatelji i televizijski kritičari obilno su teoretizirali i pokušavali otkriti sve misterije. U najvećem broju slučajeva, teorije su se vrtile oko prirode samog otoka, izvornom nastanku Dimnog čudovišta i podrijetlu "Drugih", značenju brojeva i razlogu pada aviona. Nekoliko učestalih teorija obožavatelja bilo je negirano od strane autora J.J. Abramsa, pogotovo one da su preživjeli putnici leta Oceanic 815 zapravo mrtvi i da se nalaze u čistilištu. Lindelof je negirao teorije da su izvanzemaljci povezani s otokom, kao i one da se cjelokupna radnja događa u umu jednog od likova. Carlton Cuse negirao je teoriju da je cijeli otok zapravo pozornica "reality showa" u kojem sudjeluju preživjeli.

Učestali elementi
U seriji postoji nekoliko učestalih elemenata i motiva koji zapravo nemaju velike veze s glavnom pričom, ali se protežu kroz cijelu seriju u literarnom i filozofskom podtekstu. Ti elementi najčešće uključuju pojavu bijelog i crnog koja odražava dualizam samih likova i situacija u kojima se isti nalaze; pobunu gotovo svih likova u određenim trenucima, pogotovo lika Kate; disfunkcionalnosti obitelji (pogotovo onih koji se vrte oko očeva mnogih likova); apokaliptičnih referenci, uključujući Desmondovo pritiskanje gumba kojim spašava svijet; slučajnosti protiv sudbine koja se posebno odnosi na likove Lockea i G. Ekoa; sukobe između znanosti i vjere koji se posebno odražavaju između dva glavna lika (Lockea i Jacka); kao i reference na mnoga književna djela. Također postoji i mnogo aluzija u samim imenima likova koje upućuju na svjetski poznate povijesne mislioce i pisce, kao npr. John Locke (prema istoimenom filozofu) kao i njegov alias Jeremy Bentham (prema filozofu), Danielle Rousseau (prema filozofu Jean-Jacquesu Rousseau), Desmond David Hume (prema filozofu Davidu Humeu), Juliet Burke (prema filozofu Edmundu Burkeu), Mikhail Bakunin (prema anarhističkom filozofu), Daniel Faraday (prema fizičaru Michaelu Faradayu), Eloise Hawking (prema fizičaru Stephenu Hawkingu), George Minkowski (prema matematičaru Hermannu Minkowskiju), Richard Alpert (rođeno ime duhovnog učitelja Rama Dassa) i Charlotte Staples Lewis (prema autoru C.S. Lewis).

Glumačka postava i likovi

Od 324-ero ljudi koji su se nalazili na letu Oceanic 815, u prvom mahu preživjelo je njih 70 (uz jednog psa) koji su se raštrkali širom otoka nakon nesreće. Prvu sezonu serije sačinjava 14 stalnih uloga, a upravo ta velika brojka likova dopuštala je scenaristima veću fleksibilnost smišljanja same radnje.

14 glavnih uloga u prvoj sezoni su sačinjavali: Matthew Fox kao izmučeni kirurg Jack Shephard i Evangeline Lilly kao bjegunac, ujedno i Jackov ljubavni interes Kate Austen; Jorge Garcia kao Hugo "Hurley" Reyes, nesretni dobitnik na lutriji; Josh Holloway kao prevarant James "Sawyer" Ford; Ian Somerhalder kao Boone Carlyle, glavni operativac u poslu organizacije vjenčanja njegove majke i Maggie Grace koja je glumila njegovu polusestru Shannon Rutherford, bivšu učiteljicu plesa; Harold Perrineau glumio je građevinskog radnika Michaela Dawsona, a glumac Malcolm David Kelley njegovog malog sina Walta Lloyda; Terry O'Quinn glumio je misterioznog Johna Lockea. Budući da je serija Izgubljeni od početka zamišljena kao multi-kulturalna među glumačkom ekipom nalazili su se još i Naveen Andrews koji je glumio bivšeg člana Iračke Republikanske garde Sayida Jarraha; australka Emilie de Ravin glumila je trudnicu Claire Littleton; Yunjin Kim kao Sun-Hwa Kwon, kćer moćnog korejskog biznismena, i Daniel Dae Kim kao Jin-Soo Kwon glumili su korejski bračni par; Dominic Monaghan glumio je englesku bivšu rock zvijezdu, ujedno i ovisnika o drogama Charlieja Pacea.

Tijekom prve dvije sezone neki likovi bili su "otpisani" kako bi napravili mjesta za nove s novim pričama. Tako je Boone Carlyle otišao pred kraj prve sezone, dok je mali Kelley tijekom druge sezone bio samo glumac gost (što je donekle bilo uvjetovano činjenicom da su malog Walta na kraju prve sezone oteli "Drugi"). Odlazak Shannon nakon nekoliko epizoda druge sezone napravio je mjesta za novopridošlice - Mr. Ekoa (nigerijskog katoličkog svećenika i bivšeg kriminalca) kojeg je glumio Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Anu Luciju Cortez (zaštitarku na aerodromu i bivšu policajku) koju je glumila Michelle Rodriguez i Libby (kliničku psihijatricu) koju je glumila Cynthia Watros. Ana Lucia i Libby otišle su pred kraj druge sezone, a Michael (koji je odgovoran za njihov odlazak) i sam je otišao s otoka zajedno sa svojim sinom Waltom u finalu druge sezone.

U trećoj sezoni dvojica su glumaca iz sporednih prešla u glavne uloge: Henry Ian Cusick kao bivši škotski vojnik Desmond Hume i Michael Emerson, kao vođa "Drugih", Benjamin Linus. Također, troje novih glumaca pridružilo se glavnoj glumačkoj postavi: Elizabeth Mitchell, doktorica za plodnost i pripadnik "Drugih" Juliet Burke te Kiele Sanchez i Rodrigo Santoro kao jedni od sporednih preživjelih, ujedno i par Nikki Fernandez i Paulo. Tijekom sezone nekoliko likova je umrlo. Četvrta sezona označila je povratak glumca Harolda Perrineaua koji se ponovno vratio u ulozi Michaela, sada samoubilačkog čovjeka na očajničkom putu iskupljenja za prijašnje grijehe. Uz njega, glumačkoj postavi pridružili su se i Jeremy Davies kao Daniel Faraday, nervozni fizičar kojeg otok jako zanima iz znanstvene perpektive, Ken Leung kao Miles Straume, sarkastični šaptač duhovima i Rebecca Mader kao Charlotte Staples Lewis, tvrdoglava i odlučna antropologinja i uspješni akademik. Do kraja sezone "otpisano" je dvoje likova: Michael Dawson koji je završio svoj pokajnički put i Claire koja misteriozno nestaje zajedno sa svojim biološkim ocem pred kraj sezone i ne pojavljuje se sve do posljednje sezone.

Peta sezona nije označila dolazak nikakvih novih glavnih likova, iako je nekoliko važnih otišlo iz serije: Charlotte u petoj epizodi, a Daniel i Juliet u finalu pete sezone. U šestoj, posljednjoj sezoni nekoliko glumaca promaknuto je u glavnu postavu: Nestor Carbonell kao misteriozni Richard Alpert koji nikad ne stari, Jef Fahey kao pilot Frank Lapidus i Zuleikha Robinson kao preživjela s leta Ajira Airways 316 Ilana Verdansky. Uz njih, bivši članovi glumačke postave (Ian Somerhalder, Dominic Monaghan, Rebecca Mader, Jeremy Davies, Elizabeth Mitchell, Maggie Grace, Michelle Rodriguez, Harold Perrineau i Cynthia Watros) vratili su se u nekim epizodama posljednji put.

Brojni sporedni likovi povremeno se pojavljuju tijekom kompletnog trajanja serije. U prvom redu tu su Danielle Rousseau (Mira Furlan), bivša članica znanstvene ekspedicije koja je u neprestanoj potrazi za svojom kćerkom s kojom se napokon susreće u finalu treće sezone, a za koju se ispostavlja da je Alex Rousseau (Tania Raymonde); Cindy (Kimberley Joseph), stjuardesa na letu Oceanic 815 koja s vremenom postane pripadnik "Drugih"; bračni par Rose Henderson (L. Scott Caldwell) i Bernard Nadler (Sam Anderson), koji su u početku odvojeni na različitim stranama otoka (ona se nalazi s glavnim preživjelima, a Bernard je bio u repu aviona u trenutku nesreće), ali se u drugoj sezoni napokon susreću; korporativni magnat Charles Widmore (Alan Dale) koji ima prošlost s Benom, a u čiju kćerku Penelope "Penny" Widmore (Sonya Walger) je zaljubljen Desmond Hume. Od likova "Drugih" posebno se ističu Tom (M.C. Gainey) i Ethan Rom (William Mapother) koje smo nekoliko puta vidjeli u "flashbackovima", "flashforwardima" i sadašnjoj radnji. Jackov otac Christian Shephard (John Terry) često se pojavljivao u "flashbackovima" nekoliko glavnih likova. U trećoj sezoni Naomi Dorrit (Marsha Thomason), za koju se ispostavlja da je vođa grupe ljudi s teretnog broda Kahana koje je zapravo unajmio Charles Widmore kako bi pronašli Benjamina Linusa, padobranom se spušta na otok. Jedan od likova iz grupe je i nemilosrdni plaćenik Martin Keamy (Kevin Durand). Tu su i misteriozni "Čovjek u crnom" (Titus Welliver) te njegov rival Jacob (Mark Pellegrino).

Produkcija

Stvaranje serije
Serija Izgubljeni započela se stvarati još u siječnju 2004. godine, kada je Lloyd Braun tadašnji direktor ABC-a naručio scenarij od Spelling Television temeljen na njegovoj ideji o spajanju knjige Gospodar muha, filma Brodolom života, televizijske serije Gilliganov otok i popularnog "reality showa" "Survivor" u jednu seriju. ABC je davne 1969. godine producirao seriju "The New People" koja je bila kratkog vijeka, a čija se radnja također vrtila oko preživjelih putnika nakon avionske nesreće. Nezadovoljan prvim verzijama scenarija, Braun je uskoro kontaktirao J. J. Abramsa koji se nalazio pod ugovorom s Touchstone Televison (sada ABC Studios), a također iza sebe već imao autorsko djelo u obliku televizijske serije (Alias) te mu predložio da napiše novi scenarij za Pilot epizodu Izgubljenih. Iako u početku nije bio zainteresiran, Abrams je ipak pristao pod uvjetom da serija krene u nadnaravnom smjeru, a također je surađivao i s Damonom Lindelofom kako bi odmah od početka postavili stil same serije i njezine glavne likove. Zajedno su kreirali "Bibliju serije", skupili i detaljno razradili glavne mitološke ideje i zaplete koji bi se protezali na četiri do pet sezona. Budući da je producentska kuća htjela krenuti sa svojom novom serijom odmah u televizijskoj sezoni 2004. – 05., vremena za pret-produkciju bilo je jako malo. Zato su scenaristi tijekom audicija za uloge pisali likove prema glumcima koji su nastupali na audiciji.

Dvosatna pilot epizoda Izgubljenih postala je najskuplja epizoda neke serije svih vremena. Navodno je koštala između 10 i 14 milijuna dolara (prosječna cijena pilot epizode za televizijsku sezonu 2004-05 bila je oko 4 milijuna dolara). Premijera serije održana je 22. rujna 2004. i postala jedan od najvećih kritičkih i komercijalnih uspjeha te godine. Upravo je ta serija, uz novo pridošle Kućanice i Uvod u anatomiju označila lagano uzdizanje ABC-a kojemu do tada nije išlo što se tiče televizijske gledanosti. Ipak, prije nego što je pilot epizoda Izgubljenih uopće prikazana na televiziji, izvršni direktori ABC-a otpustili su Lloyda Brauna upravo zbog slabe gledanosti serija u produkciji ABC-a proteklih sezona i zbog činjenice da je uopće dopustio snimanje tako skupog projekta. Svjetska premijera pilot epizode održana je 24. srpnja 2004. godine u sklopu Comic-Cona u San Diegu.

Dodjela uloga

Mnoge uloge i likovi u prvoj sezoni bili su zapravo rezultat sviđanja ili ne sviđanja glumaca koji su se pojavili na audicijama. Glavni lik Jacka u originalu je trebao poginuti u prvoj epizodi, a producenti su se nadali da će ga glumiti Michael Keaton; međutim, ABC-jevi izvršni direktori su zahtijevali da Jack ostane živ. Prije nego što je to odlučeno, Kate je bila glavni lik za koju se vjerovalo da će postati vođa skupine preživjelih; u početku je zamišljena da će biti više slična liku Rose. Dominic Monaghan pojavio se na audiciji za ulogu Sawyera koji je u to vrijeme zamišljen kao gradski, fino odjeveni prevarant. Producentima se toliko svidjela Monaghanova gluma da su čak promijenili lik Charlieja (koji je trebao biti sredovječna bivša rock zvijezda). Jorge Garcia također se pojavio na audiciji za Sawyera, a uloga Hurleyja koju je na kraju dobio bila je i napisana upravo za glumca. Kada je Josh Holloway došao na audiciju za Sawyera, producentima se izrazito svidjela njegova živčanost koju je prikazao (navodno je čak i udario stolicu za vrijeme audicije, jer se nije mogao sjetiti teksta) te južnjački naglasak, tako da su na kraju promijenili i lik Sawyera kako bi odgovarao Joshovoj glumi. Yunjin Kim u početku je bila na audiciji za ulogu Kate, ali kako su producenti napisali lik Sun njoj su ga i dodijelili. Lik Sayida, kojeg je odglumio Naveen Andrews, nije se uopće nalazio u pilot epizodi. Likovi Lockea i Michaela napisani su prema glumcima koji su ih glumili. U drugoj sezoni producenti su kontaktirali glumca Michaela Emersona da glumi lik Benjamina Linusa ("Henry Gale") u tri epizode. Zbog izvrsne glume kojom je oduševio uloga mu je najprije produžena na 8 epizoda, a kasnije i na ostatak serije.

Snimanje
Serija Izgubljeni u potpunosti je snimana na havajskom otočju Oahu zbog ogromne količine filmskih lokacija koje se nalaze u blizini. Originalne snimke iz pilot epizode snimane su na Mokule'ia obali, na sjeverozapadu otoka. Kasnije scene na plaži snimane su na izdvojenim mjestima na slavnoj sjevernoj obali otoka. Scene u špiljama u prvoj sezoni snimane su u studiju na Havajima, kao i scene u istraživačkim centrima Swan i Hydra u drugoj, odnosno trećoj sezoni.

Mnoge urbane zone Honolulua poslužile su kao lokacije za snimanje scena koje se događaju izvan otoka, uključujući Kaliforniju, New York, Iowu, Miami, Južnu Koreju, Nigeriju, Britaniju, Pariz, Tajland, Berlin, Maldive i Australiju. Nekoliko scena iz finala treće sezone snimljeno je u Los Angelesu, gdje su producenti posudili bolnički set druge serije (Uvod u anatomiju). Dvije scene iz četvrte sezone snimljene su u Londonu, budući je glumac Alan Dale (lik Charles Widmore) u to vrijeme snimao mjuzikl Spamalot i nije mogao putovati na Havaje.

Glazba
Originalnu glazbu za seriju Izgubljeni skladao je Michael Giacchino. Karakteristična je po tome što je za svaki važniji lik serije skladana drugačija glazba. Giacchino je za stvaranje glazbe koristio neuobičajene zvukove, kao npr. zvuk udaranja pokidanih dijelova aviona. Do danas je izdano čak pet originalnih soundtrackova iz serije, za prvih pet sezona.

U seriji su se povremeno koristile i originalne pjesme koje su dolazile iz raznih izvora. Primjeri izvora su Hurleyjev CD player kojeg sluša tijekom prve sezone dok se istom ne istroše baterije ili početak druge i treće sezone kad s gramofonske ploče (druga sezona) odnosno CD-a (treća sezona) slušamo pjesme izvođačice Cass Elliot: "Make Your Own Kind of Music" (druga sezona) odnosno Petule Clark: "Downtown" (treća sezona). U dvije epizode serije Charlie je prikazan kako pjeva na ulici poznatu pjesmu skupine Oasis: "Wonderwall". U finalu treće sezone Jack, vozeći se u automobilu, sluša pjesmu skupine Nirvana: "Scentless Apprentice", a u finalu četvrte epizode, u vrlo sličnoj sceni, sluša pjesmu skupine Pixies: "Gouge Away". Jedine dvije epizode koje su u seriji iskorištene bez pravog izvora su bile "Slowly" u izvedbi Ann-Margaret (u epizodi "I Do") i "I Shall Not Walk Alone" u izvedbi skupine The Blind Boys of Alabama (u epizodi "Confidence Man").

Reakcije i utjecaj

Gledanost
Pilot epizoda serije Izgubljeni privukla je 18.6 milijuna gledatelja čime je postigla najbolji rezultat gledanosti neke serije za ABC još od 2000. godine kad je prikazana prva epizoda showa Tko želi biti milijunaš?. Kompletnu prvu sezonu u prosjeku gledalo je 16 milijuna gledatelja, a prva epizoda druge sezone uvjerljivo je najgledanija epizoda serije s preko 23 milijuna gledatelja te večeri. Prosjek gledanosti druge sezone bio je 15.5 milijuna gledatelja. Premijera treće sezone pred male ekrane dovela je 18.8 milijuna gledatelja, a do sedme epizode prosjek je pao na 14.5 (prije prikazivanja sedme epizode treće sezone uzeta je tromjesečna pauza u kojoj se serija nije prikazivala). Tijekom proljeća 2007. godine gledanost se spustila na 11 milijuna gledatelja, iako se do finala treće sezone ipak nešto popravila pa je posljednju epizodu gledalo 14 milijuna ljudi. Otvaranje četvrte sezone pogledalo je 16.1 milijuna gledatelja, iako se i ovdje do osme epizode gledanost naglo spustila na 11.461 milijuna. Premijera šeste sezone ipak je prošla najgore od svih, skupivši 12.1 milijun gledatelja.

Nagrade

Serija Izgubljeni bila je nominirana za mnoge televizijske nagrade, uključujući 41 nominaciju za prestižnu televizijsku nagradu Emmy (osvojila je njih 10, uključujući i jednu online nagradu), 21 nominaciju za Teen Choice Award, 39 nominacija za nagradu Saturn (10 pobjeda), 11 nominacija za Golden Reel Awards (5 pobjeda), 8 nominacija za nagrade Satelit (jedna pobjeda), 7 nominacija za Zlatni globus (jedna pobjeda), 4 nominacije za Ceh pisaca Amerike (jedna pobjeda), tri nominacije za Ceh redatelja Amerike, dvije nominacije za Ceha glumaca (jedna pobjeda) i nominaciju za BAFTA-u. Među najvažnijim osvojenim nagradama svakako se ističu ona iz 2005. godine za najbolju dramsku televizijsku seriju (Emmy), te dvije iz 2006. godine za najbolju dramsku televizijsku seriju (Zlatni globus) i najbolji glumački ansambl (Ceh glumaca Amerike).
Pilot epizoda do danas je najnominiranija epizoda serije s 15 različitih nominacija (6 pobjeda). Through the Looking Glass je druga najnominiranija epizoda s 9 različitih nominacija. Serija Izgubljeni do danas je osvojila 54 različite nagrade.

Emmy
2005. godine serija Izgubljeni nominirana je u čak 12 kategorija za najprestižniju televizijsku nagradu od kojih je osvojila njih 6, uključujući onu za najbolju dramsku seriju godine (što se smatralo određenim iznenađenjem jer Akademija rijetko kad proglašava najboljim znanstveno-fantastične serije), kao i za najbolju režiju (J.J. Abrams za pilot epizodu). Sljedeće godine serija je nominirana u 9 kategorija, ali nije osvojila niti jednu nagradu. Iako je prethodne godine proglašena najboljom, Izgubljeni sada uopće nisu niti nominirani u toj kategoriji. Za treću sezonu serija je nominirana u 6 kategorija, ali opet ne i u onoj najvažnijoj - za najbolju seriju godine. Ipak, Terry O'Quinn postao je prvi glumac koji je osvojio Emmyja u glumačkoj kategoriji: za najbolju sporednu mušku ulogu u epizodi The Man from Tallahassee. 2008. godine serija je nominirana u 8 kategorija, od kojih je 6 bilo tehničkih (na kraju je osvojila nagradu za najbolju montažu zvuka). 2009. godine od šest nominacija, Izgubljeni su osvojili dvije. Michael Emerson postao je drugi član glumačke postave koji je otišao kući s Emmyjem - također za najbolju sporednu mušku ulogu. I ove je sezone serija nominirana u kategoriji najbolje dramske serije godine. Za posljednju sezonu, Izgubljeni su ponovili uspjeh prve pa su tako nominirani u čak 12 kategorija. Osim za najbolju dramsku seriju, između ostalih serija je dobila nominacije i u kategorijama za najbolju režiju i scenarij (za epizodu "The End"), najboljeg glavnog glumca (Matthew Fox - njegova prva nominacija za seriju), a svoje su nominacije ponovili i Michael Emerson (četvrti put za redom) i Terry O'Quinn (treći put). Posljednja sezona serije ipak na kraju nije osvojila niti jednu nagradu Emmy.

Slijedi popis nominacija i osvojenih nagrada za televizijsku nagradu Emmy u najvažnijim kategorijama:

Zlatni globus
Serija Izgubljeni za Zlatni globus nominirana je u kategoriji najbolje dramske serije tri godine za redom (2005., 2006. i 2007.), a osvojila je nagradu 2006. godine. Evangeline Lilly, Naveen Andrews, Matthew Fox i Michael Emerson su članovi glumačke ekipe koji su bili nominirani za Zlatni globus, svatko u svojoj kategoriji. Nitko nije osvojio niti jednu nagradu, a serija za Zlatni globus 2008. i 2009. godine nije nominirana u niti jednoj kategoriji.

Slijedi popis nominacija i osvojenih nagrada za televizijsku nagradu Zlatni globus:

Kritike
Mnogi ugledni televizijski kritičari seriju Izgubljeni stavljali su na svoje top 10 liste 2005. godine (nakon što je s emitiranjem završila prva sezona). 2007. godine magazin Time stavio je Izgubljene na svoju listu 100 najboljih televizijskih serija svih vremena, a magazin Empire 2008. godine otišao je korak dalje, postavivši je na 5 mjesto najboljih serija svih vremena (iza Simpsona, Buffy: Ubojica vampira, Obitelji Soprano i Zapadnog krila).

Treća sezona bila je najviše kritizirana, pogotovo blok od šest prvih epizoda prije tromjesečne stanke, budući se nikome nije sviđalo što serija postavlja puno više pitanja nego što daje odgovora. Također, prigovaralo se i činjenici da mnogi glavni glumci ne dobivaju puno prostora za razradu svojih likova (prvenstveno Locke, kojeg je glumio Terry O'Quinn, a koji se u drugoj sezoni pojavljivao u najviše epizoda od svih drugih likova, dok je tijekom treće glumio u tek 13 epizoda - od njih 22 - samo dvije epizode više od glumca gosta M. C. Gaineyja, koji je glumio lik Toma). Reakcije na nove likove uvedene početkom treće sezone, Nikki i Paulo, uopće nisu bile pozitivne, što je potvrdio i sam Lindelof. Činjenica da je treća sezona podijeljena u dva dijela što se tiče prikazivanja (prvi dio sa šest nastavaka, pa ostatak nakon tromjesečne stanke) također je bio kritiziran. Međutim, drugi dio treće sezone uglavnom je dobio pozitivne kritike, nakon što su scenaristi odlučili ubiti likove Nikkija i Paula i odgovoriti na postavljena pitanja iz prvog dijela sezone. Također, pred kraj treće sezone objavljeno je da će serija trajati još dodatne tri sezone čime su autori nastojali publici dati do znanja da točno znaju u kojem će smjeru ići serija i kako će završiti.

Nekoliko američkih kritičara premijeru četvrte sezone (The Beginning of the End) proglašavalo je televizijskim događajem godine. Na popularnoj web stranici Metacritic četvrta sezona ima 87% pozitivnih kritika, što ju za tu godinu smješta na drugo mjesto najboljih televizijskih serija godine (odmah iza pete i posljednje sezone serije Žica). 7. svibnja 2007. godine službeno je objavljeno da će serija trajati do 2010. godine, a kritika je dobro prihvatila i nove likove. Entertainment Weekly o seriji je na pisao: "Avionska nesreća. Dimno čudovište. Polarni medvjedi. Luda Francuskinja. Drugi. Okno. Putovanje kroz vrijeme. Navedite još jednu televizijsku seriju koja na tako spektakularan način može ? pretvoriti u !".

Obožavatelji i popularna kultura
Zbog svoje iznimne popularnosti i kultnog statusa, serija Izgubljeni stvorila je tisuće vjernih i uspješnih zajednica obožavatelja širom svijeta. Obožavatelji serije, popularno zvani Lostaways ili Losties često su se okupljali na festivalu Comic-Con i ostalim konvencijama koje je organizirao ABC, ali su također i stvorili veliki broj internetskih stranica od kojih je zasigurno najpoznatija Lostpedia. Zbog svoje vrlo kompleksne i detaljno razrađene mitologije, obožavatelji su preko raznih internetskih stranica razglabali o misterijama na otoku, ali su se također bavili i uobičajenim stvarima kao pisanje vlastitih priča s likovima iz serije, snimanja video isječaka, prikupljanja skriptova pojedinih epizoda i drugim.

Zahvaljujući velikom zanimanju za seriju, a u isto vrijeme pokušavajući održati gledatelje u non-stop iščekivanju, ABC se prihvatio zadatka promoviranja serije kroz razne druge medije. Tu se posebno ističu web stranice, knjige, službeni forumi sponzorirani od strane kreativnog tima (The Fuselage), mobizode, popularni podcastovi, službeni magazin i alternativna igra The Lost Experience, a koji su svi usko povezani s radnjom serije.

Reference na seriju ili dijelove radnje mogu se pronaći u popularnoj kulturi. To prije svega uključuje druge televizijske serije kao što su Veronica Mars, Will i Grace, Chuck, Bez oduševljenja molim, Cougar Town, U uredu, ali i u animiranim serijama Family Guy, American Dad!, South Park ili Simpsoni. Serija se također nalazi i kao skriveni dodatak na nekim videoigrama, kao što su Half-Life 2: Episode Two, Skate, World of Warcraft, Just Cause 2 i Rock Band 2. Stripovi Catwoman i The Thing; dnevni stripovi Monty i Over the Hedge; internet stripovi Piled Higher and Deeper i Penny Arcade kao i humoristični magazin Mad također sadržavaju reference na seriju. Nekoliko rock bendova objavili su pjesme čije teme ili naslovi dolaze iz same serije, kao npr. Moneen: "Don't Ever Tell Locke What He Can't Do", Senses Fail: "Lost and Found" i "All The Best Cowboys Have Daddy Issues", Gatsbys American Dream "You All Everybody" i "Station 5: The Pearl" te Punchline: "Roller Coaster Smoke".

Nakon što je 2. ožujka 2005. godine emitirana epizoda "Numbers", stotine ljudi koristili su brojeve koji se tada po prvi puta pojavljuju u seriji (4, 8, 15, 16, 23 i 42) kako bi osvojili na lutriji. U sljedeća tri dana bit će preko 500. pokušaja dobitka na lutriji upravo s tim brojevima. Do listopada iste godine tisuće ljudi odigrat će iste brojeve ne bi li osvojili novac na raznoraznim lutrijama.

Serija na Blu-rayju i DVD-ovima
U Hrvatskoj je kompletna serija izdana na DVD-ovima koji, osim svih epizoda svake sezone, sadrže i hrpu posebnih dodataka za svaku pojedinačnu sezonu (osim prve). Za američko (1. regija) i europsko (2. regija) tržište na DVD-ovima i Blu-ray formatu izdana je kompletna serija i to u pojedinačnim pakiranjima, ali i kao kompletna serija. Svaka sezona u pojedinačnim pakiranjima, osim svih epizoda svake sezone, sadrži i hrpu posebnih dodataka dok kompletna serija na Blu-ray izdanju osim svih epizoda i već viđenih posebnih dodataka, sadrži dodatne, nikad prije viđene, video materijale, pravu Senet igru za dva igrača (uz koju se dobije ploča za igru, crno i bijelo kamenje i četiri male polugice koje služe kao kockice) kao i pravi Ankh u kojem je skrivena Jacobova poruka koja se prvo mora dešifrirati kako bi se saznala pravila igre. Uz sve to, kompletno izdanje šeste sezone kao i izdanje kompletne serije sadrže 12-minutnu mini-epizodu "New Man in Charge" snimljenu kao epilog na seriju koja nam donosi saznanje tko će biti novi čuvar Otoka.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Američke serije
Dobitnici Zlatnog globusa za najbolju dramsku seriju
Dramske serije


Growing up in east Stockton, California, Michael was always interested in History. He was interested in remnants of the past such as old buildings and historic landmarks. He felt that preserving elements of the past is necessary for stabilization of our culture.
Our Logo is the edge of a book, impressed with an American Flag of 13 stars. It is taken from the first American Flag flown over California, when this region was Spanish territory.
The flag was brought here in 1804c and this photo was taken in 1939 at the Mission San Juan Capistrano. No one knows where the flag is today.
Not the usual pattern of a circle for a 13 star flag, the stars were in rows like that of a modern American flag.
Our Catalog logo is the that of an open book.