text:
A Journey Into the Animal Mind
What science can tell us about how other creatures experience the world
Getty / Life on White
Ross Andersen
Amid the human crush of Old Delhi, on the edge of a medieval bazaar, a red structure with cages on its roof rises three stories above the labyrinth of neon-lit stalls and narrow alleyways, its top floor emblazoned with two words: birds hospital.
To hear more feature stories, see our full list or get the Audm iPhone app.
On a hot day last spring, I removed my shoes at the hospital's entrance and walked up to the second-floor lobby, where a clerk in his late 20s was processing patients. An older woman placed a shoebox before him and lifted off its lid, revealing a bloody white parakeet, the victim of a cat attack. The man in front of me in line held, in a small cage, a dove that had collided with a glass tower in the financial district. A girl no older than 7 came in behind me clutching, in her bare hands, a white hen with a slumped neck.
The hospital's main ward is a narrow, 40-foot-long room with cages stacked four high along the walls and fans on the ceiling, their blades covered with grates, lest they ensnare a flapping wing. I strolled the room's length, conducting a rough census. Many of the cages looked empty at first, but leaning closer, I'd find a bird, usually a pigeon, sitting back in the gloom.
From Our March 2019 Issue
Subscribe to The Atlantic and support 160 years of independent journalism
The youngest of the hospital's vets, Dheeraj Kumar Singh, was making his rounds in jeans and a surgical mask. The oldest vet here has worked the night shift for more than a quarter century, spending tens of thousands of hours removing tumors from birds, easing their pain with medication, administering antibiotics. Singh is a rookie by comparison, but you wouldn't know it from the way he inspects a pigeon, flipping it over in his hands, quickly but gently, the way you might handle your cellphone. As we talked, he motioned to an assistant, who handed him a nylon bandage that he stretched twice around the pigeon's wing, setting it with an unsentimental pop.
The bird hospital is one of several built by devotees of Jainism, an ancient religion whose highest commandment forbids violence not only against humans, but also against animals. A series of paintings in the hospital's lobby illustrates the extremes to which some Jains take this prohibition. In them, a medieval king in blue robes gazes through a palace window at an approaching pigeon, its wing bloodied by the talons of a brown hawk still in pursuit. The king pulls the smaller bird into the palace, infuriating the hawk, which demands replacement for its lost meal, so he slices off his own arm and foot to feed it.
Jainism's highest commandment forbids violence not only against humans, but also against animals; at a bird hospital in Old Delhi, vets treat broken wings, administer medicine, remove tumors, and more. (Hashim Badani)
I'd come to the bird hospital, and to India, to see firsthand the Jains' moral system at work in the world. Jains make up less than 1 percent of India's population. Despite millennia spent criticizing the Hindu majority, the Jains have sometimes gained the ear of power. During the 13th century, they converted a Hindu king, and persuaded him to enact the subcontinent's first animal-welfare laws. There is evidence that the Jains influenced the Buddha himself. And when Gandhi developed his most radical ideas about nonviolence, a Jain friend played philosophical muse.
In the state of Gujarat, where Gandhi grew up, I saw Jain monks walking barefoot in the cool morning hours to avoid car travel, an activity they regard as irredeemably violent, given the damage it inflicts on living organisms, from insects to larger animals. The monks refuse to eat root vegetables, lest their removal from the earth disturb delicate subterranean ecosystems. Their white robes are cotton, not silk, which would require the destruction of silkworms. During monsoon season, they forgo travel, to avoid splashing through puddles filled with microbes, whose existence Jains posited well before they appeared under Western microscopes.
For many scientists, the resonant mystery is no longer which animals are conscious, but which are not.
Jains move through the world in this gentle way because they believe animals are conscious beings that experience, in varying degrees, emotions analogous to human desire, fear, pain, sorrow, and joy. This idea that animals are conscious was long unpopular in the West, but it has lately found favor among scientists who study animal cognition. And not just the obvious cases—primates, dogs, elephants, whales, and others. Scientists are now finding evidence of an inner life in alien-seeming creatures that evolved on ever-more-distant limbs of life's tree. In recent years, it has become common to flip through a magazine like this one and read about an octopus using its tentacles to twist off a jar's lid or squirt aquarium water into a postdoc's face. For many scientists, the resonant mystery is no longer which animals are conscious, but which are not.
No aspect of our world is as mysterious as consciousness, the state of awareness that animates our every waking moment, the sense of being located in a body that exists within a larger world of color, sound, and touch, all of it filtered through our thoughts and imbued by emotion.
Even in a secular age, consciousness retains a mystical sheen. It is alternatively described as the last frontier of science, and as a kind of immaterial magic beyond science's reckoning. David Chalmers, one of the world's most respected philosophers on the subject, once told me that consciousness could be a fundamental feature of the universe, like space-time or energy. He said it might be tied to the diaphanous, indeterminate workings of the quantum world, or something nonphysical.
These metaphysical accounts are in play because scientists have yet to furnish a satisfactory explanation of consciousness. We know the body's sensory systems beam information about the external world into our brain, where it's processed, sequentially, by increasingly sophisticated neural layers. But we don't know how those signals are integrated into a smooth, continuous world picture, a flow of moments experienced by a roving locus of attention—a "witness," as Hindu philosophers call it.
Hashim Badani
In the West, consciousness was long thought to be a divine gift bestowed solely on humans. Western philosophers historically conceived of nonhuman animals as unfeeling automatons. Even after Darwin demonstrated our kinship with animals, many scientists believed that the evolution of consciousness was a recent event. They thought the first mind sparked awake sometime after we split from chimps and bonobos. In his 1976 book, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind, Julian Jaynes argued that it was later still. He said the development of language led us, like Virgil, into the deep cognitive states capable of constructing experiential worlds.
This notion that consciousness was of recent vintage began to change in the decades following the Second World War, when more scientists were systematically studying the behaviors and brain states of Earth's creatures. Now each year brings a raft of new research papers, which, taken together, suggest that a great many animals are conscious.
It was likely more than half a billion years ago that some sea-floor arms race between predator and prey roused Earth's first conscious animal. That moment, when the first mind winked into being, was a cosmic event, opening up possibilities not previously contained in nature.
There now appears to exist, alongside the human world, a whole universe of vivid animal experience. Scientists deserve credit for illuminating, if only partially, this new dimension of our reality. But they can't tell us how to do right by the trillions of minds with which we share the Earth's surface. That's a philosophical problem, and like most philosophical problems, it will be with us for a long time to come.
Apart from Pythagoras and a few others, ancient Western philosophers did not hand down a rich tradition of thinking about animal consciousness. But Eastern thinkers have long been haunted by its implications—especially the Jains, who have taken animal consciousness seriously as a moral matter for nearly 3,000 years.
Many orthodox Jain beliefs do not stand up to scientific scrutiny. The faith does not enjoy privileged access to truth, mystical or otherwise. But as perhaps the world's first culture to extend mercy to animals, the Jains pioneered a profound expansion of the human moral imagination. The places where they worship and tend to animals seemed, to me, like good places to contemplate the current frontier of animal-consciousness research.
At the bird hospital, I asked Singh whether any of his patients gave him trouble. He said that one refused to be fed by hand and sometimes drew blood when he tried to pick it up. He led me to another room to see the offending bird, an Indian crow whose feathers were record-groove black but for a sash of latte-colored plumage around its neck. The crow kept fanning one of its wings out. Light from a nearby window filtered through the feathers, as though the wing were a venetian blind. Singh told me it was broken.
"A few days after the crow arrived, it started using a special call when it wanted food," Singh said. "None of the other birds do that." The bird's call was not an entirely unique case of bird-to-human communication. A grey parrot once amassed a 900-word vocabulary, and in India, a few have been trained to recite the Vedic mantras. But birds have only rarely assembled verbal symbols into their own, original proto-sentences. And, of course, none has declared itself conscious.
That's too bad, because philosophers tend to regard such statements as the best possible evidence of another being's consciousness, even among humans. Without one, no matter how long I stared into the crow's black pupil, wishing I could see into the phantasmagoria of its mind, I could never really know whether it was conscious. I'd have to be content with circumstantial evidence.
In Japan, one crow population uses traffic to crack open walnuts: The crows drop a nut in front of cars at intersections, and then when the light turns red, they swoop in to scoop up the exposed flesh.
Crows have an unusually large brain for their size, and their neurons are packed densely relative to other animals'. Neuroscientists can measure the computational complexity of brain activity, but no brain scan has yet revealed a precise neural signature of consciousness. And so it's difficult to make a knockdown argument that a particular animal is conscious based strictly on its neuroanatomy. It is suggestive, though, when an animal's brain closely resembles ours, as is the case with primates, the first animals to be knighted with consciousness by something approaching a scientific consensus.
Mammals in general are widely thought to be conscious, because they share our relatively large brain size, and also have a cerebral cortex, the place where our most complex feats of cognition seem to take place. Birds don't have a cortex. In the 300 million years that have passed since the avian gene pool separated from ours, their brains have evolved different structures. But one of those structures appears to be networked in cortexlike ways, a tantalizing clue that nature may have more than one method of making a conscious brain.
At the bird hospital in Old Delhi (Hashim Badani)
Other clues can be found in an animal's behavior, though sifting out conscious acts from those that are evolved and mindless can be difficult. Tool use is an instructive case. Australian "firehawk" raptors sometimes fly bundles of flaming sticks out of forest fires and into neighboring landscapes, to flush out prey. Maybe that means the raptors are capable of considering a piece of the physical environment, and imagining a new purpose for it. Or maybe something more rote is going on.
Crows are among the most sophisticated avian technologists. They have long been known to shape sticks into hooks, and just last year, members of one crow species were observed constructing tools out of three separate sticklike parts. In Japan, one crow population has figured out how to use traffic to crack open walnuts: The crows drop a nut in front of cars at intersections, and then when the light turns red, they swoop in to scoop up the exposed flesh.
As Singh and I talked, the crow grew bored with us and turned back to the window, as though to inspect its faint reflection. In 2008, a magpie—a member of crows' extended family of corvids, or "feathered apes"—became the first non-mammal to pass the "mirror test." The magpie's neck was marked with a bright dot in a place that could be seen only in a mirror. When the magpie caught sight of its reflection, it immediately tried to check its neck.
Read: What mirrors tell us about animal minds
Singh told me this crow would soon move upstairs, to one of the roof's exposed cages, where the birds have more space to test their still-fragile wings, in view of an open sky that must surely loom large in a bird's consciousness. With luck, it would quickly return to the spirited life preferred by wild crows, which sometimes play like acrobats in high winds and ski down snowy surfaces. (Birds that die at this hospital are buried along a riverbed outside Delhi, an apt touch in the case of the crows, which sometimes hold funerals—or, if not funerals, postmortems, where they gather around their dead like homicide detectives discerning cause of death.)
I asked Singh how he felt when he released birds on the rooftop. "We are here to serve them," he said, and then noted that not all the birds leave right away. "Some of them come back and sit on our shoulders."
According to the Jains, all animals are conscious beings, capable of experiencing emotion. (Hashim Badani)
Crows are not among the shoulder-perchers, but Singh sometimes sees former crow patients hovering around the hospital. They might be looking for him. Crows recognize individual human faces. They are known to blare vicious caws at people they dislike, but for favored humans, they sometimes leave gifts—buttons or shiny bits of glass—where the person will be sure to notice, like votive offerings.
If these behaviors add up to consciousness, it means one of two things: Either consciousness evolved twice, at least, across the long course of evolutionary history, or it evolved sometime before birds and mammals went on their separate evolutionary journeys. Both scenarios would give us reason to believe that nature can knit molecules into waking minds more easily than previously guessed. This would mean that all across the planet, animals large and small are constantly generating vivid experiences that bear some relationship to our own.
The day after I visited the bird hospital, I left Delhi by car, on a road that follows the Yamuna River south and east, away from its icy source among the serrated ridges of the Himalayas. Delhi's sewage has blackened long stretches of the Yamuna, making it one of the world's most polluted rivers. From the road, I could see plastic bottles floating on its surface. In India, where rivers have a special place in the spiritual imagination, this is a metaphysical defilement.
Millions of fish once swam in the Yamuna River, before it was desecrated by the human technosphere, which now reaches into nearly every body of water on Earth. Even the deepest point in the ocean is littered with trash: A grocery bag was recently seen drifting along the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
We last swam in the same gene pool with the animals that evolved into fish about 460 million years ago, more than 100 million years before we split from birds. The notion that we are kin across this expanse of time has proved too radical for some, which is one reason the ever-changing universe described by Darwin has been slow to lodge in the collective human consciousness. And yet, our hands are converted fins, our hiccups the relics of gill-breathing.
Scientists have sometimes seemed to judge fish for their refusal to join our exodus out of the water and into the atmosphere's more ethereal realm of gases. Their inability to see far in their murky environment is sometimes thought to be a cognitive impairment. But new evidence indicates that fish have minds rich with memories; some are able to recall associations from more than 10 days earlier.
Read: A classic test of animals' minds has a fish problem
They also seem to be capable of deception. Female trout "fake orgasms," quivering as though they're about to lay eggs, perhaps so that undesired males will release their sperm and be on their way. We have high-definition footage of grouper fish teaming up with eels to scare prey out of reefs, the two coordinating their actions with sophisticated head signals. This behavior suggests that fish possess a theory of mind, an ability to speculate about the mental states of other beings.
A more troubling set of behaviors has emerged from experiments designed to determine whether fish feel pain. One of the most intense states of consciousness, pain is something beyond the mere detection of damage. Even the simplest of bacteria have sensors on their external membranes; when the sensors detect trace amounts of dangerous chemicals, the bacteria respond with a programmed flight reflex. But bacteria have no central nervous system where these signals are integrated into a three-dimensional experience of the chemical environment.
Delhi's sewage has made the Yamuna, once home to millions of fish, one of the world's most polluted rivers. (Hashim Badani)
Fish have many more kinds of sensors than bacteria do. Their sensors flare when the water temperature spikes, when they come into contact with corrosive chemicals, when a hook rips through their scales and into their flesh. In the lab, when trout lips are injected with acid, the fish do not merely respond at the site. They rock their entire bodies back and forth, hyperventilating, rubbing their mouths against their tanks' sides or gravel bottoms. These behaviors cease when the fish are given morphine.
Read: How much pain should animals endure for science?
Such actions call the ethics of the research itself into question. But the experiences of lab fish are nothing compared with those endured by the trillions of aquatic animals that humans yank, unceremoniously, out of oceans and rivers and lakes every year. Some fish are still alive, hours later, when they're shoveled into the sickly lit, refrigerated intake tubes of the global seafood supply chain.
Fish pain is something different from our own pain. In the elaborate mirrored hall that is human consciousness, pain takes on existential dimensions. Because we know that death looms, and grieve for the loss of richly imagined futures, it's tempting to imagine that our pain is the most profound of all suffering. But we would do well to remember that our perspective can make our pain easier to bear, if only by giving it an expiration date. When we pull a less cognitively blessed fish up from the pressured depths too quickly, and barometric trauma fills its bloodstream with tissue-burning acid, its on-deck thrashing might be a silent scream, born of the fish's belief that it has entered a permanent state of extreme suffering.
The Jains tell a story about Neminath, a man from deep antiquity who is said to have been sensitive to the distress calls of other animals. He developed his unusual fondness for animals while tending cattle in pastures on the banks of the Yamuna River, in his home village of Shauripur, which I reached four hours after leaving Delhi.
Neminath is one of 24 Jain "Fordmakers," prophetlike figures who crossed a metaphorical river, freeing themselves from the cycle of birth and rebirth, before showing others the way to enlightenment. The Fordmakers' life stories tend to emphasize their nonviolent natures. One is said to have floated perfectly still in the womb, sending not so much as a ripple through the amniotic fluid, to avoid harming his mother.
Only a few Fordmakers are confirmed historical figures, and Neminath is not one of them. The Jains say Neminath left his village for good on the day of his wedding. That morning, he mounted an elephant, intent on riding it to the temple where he was to be wed. On the way, he heard a series of agonized screams, and demanded to know their origin. Neminath's elephant guide explained that the screams came from animals that were being slaughtered for his wedding feast.
This moment transformed Neminath. Some versions of this story say he freed the surviving animals, including a fish that he carried, in his hands, back to the river. Others say he fled. All agree that he renounced his former life. Rather than marry his bride, he set out for Girnar, a sacred mountain in Gujarat, 40 miles from the Arabian Sea.
Jain pilgrims climb Girnar, a sacred mountain in Gujarat, 40 miles from the Arabian Sea. (Hashim Badani)
My own ascent up Girnar began before dawn. It followed the usual topography of enlightenment. I was to climb 7,000 steps, all built into the mountain, by nine in the morning, so as not to be late for a ritual at an ancient temple near the peak.
The trail was only 50 miles from Gir National Park, where, the day before, I'd seen two Asiatic lions, nearly indistinguishable cousins of Africa's lions. Once the region's apex predator, the Asiatic lion almost went extinct during the British empire's colonization of India, when no viceroy could visit a maharaja's palace without a hunt in the local forest. Even today, the Asiatic lion still ranks among the rarest of the large feline predators, rarer even than its neighbor to the north, the snow leopard, which is so scarce that a glimpse of one padding down a jagged Himalayan crag is said to consummate a spiritual pilgrimage.
I did my best to put the lions, which have recently expanded to Girnar's forests, out of my mind as I passed small huts and tents in the dark, at the trail's base. Daylight brought langur monkeys onto the trailside boulders. One watched a vendor set up his stall to offer food and water to passing Jain pilgrims. The monkey waited until the man's back was turned, at which point he scampered in to grab a banana. In Gir National Park, I'd seen deer using these monkeys as a treetop surveillance system. The monkeys sat high in the trees, keeping watch for leopards and lions, which blend into the woodland's pre-monsoon palette of amber and gold. Monkeys that spotted a stalking cat let out a specific call. Deer weren't the only ones that recognized and used these calls; the lion tracker who had been with me in the park did too.
On the hike up Girnar, barefoot women kept passing me, wearing iridescent saris in bright shades of orange, green, or pink. Their delicate silver anklets tinkled as they went. When I reached a trail marker that said I was still 1,000 steps from the temple, I removed my pack and hopped up onto a wall, letting my legs dangle.
Hashim Badani
Two switchbacks below, an aged Jain monk in a white robe was struggling up the steps. He looked lonely, and seemed to be having trouble breathing. When Jain monks and nuns renounce worldly life, they sever all family ties. They embrace their children one last time, and vow never to see them again, unless chance brings them together on the rural back roads where the monks and nuns wander for the rest of their lives, carrying all their possessions on their back.
The monk and I had the trail to ourselves for a moment. All was silent but for a buzzing sound that I traced to a spindly black wasp bobbing above a dense clump of bougainvillea. The last ancestor this wasp and I shared likely lived more than 700 million years ago. The insect's appearance reinforced this sense of evolutionary remoteness. The elongated shape and micro-tiled matte finish of its eyes made it seem too alien to be conscious. But appearances can deceive: Some wasps are thought to have evolved large eyes to observe social cues, and members of certain wasp species can learn the facial features of individual colony members.
Lab-bound honeybees can learn to recognize abstract concepts, including "similar to," "different from," and "zero."
Wasps, like bees and ants, are hymenopterans, an order of animals that displays strikingly sophisticated behaviors. Ants build body-to-body bridges that allow whole colonies to cross gaps in their terrain. Lab-bound honeybees can learn to recognize abstract concepts, including "similar to," "different from," and "zero." Honeybees also learn from one another. If one picks up a novel nectar-extraction technique, surrounding bees may mimic the behavior, causing it to cascade across the colony, or even through generations.
In one experiment, honeybees were attracted to a boat at the center of a lake, which scientists had stocked with sugar water. When the bees flew back to the hive, they communicated the boat's location with waggle dances. The hive's other bees would usually set out immediately for a newly revealed nectar lode. But in this case, they stayed put, as though they'd consulted a mental map and dismissed the possibility of flowers in the middle of a lake. Other scientists were not able to replicate this result, but different experiments suggest that bees are capable of consulting a mental map in this way.
Andrew Barron, a neuroscientist from Macquarie University, in Australia, has spent the past decade identifying fine neural structures in honeybee brains. He thinks structures in the bee brain integrate spatial information in a way that is analogous to processes in the human midbrain. That may sound surprising, given that the honeybee brain contains only 1 million neurons to our brains' 85 billion, but artificial-intelligence research tells us that complex tasks can sometimes be executed by relatively simple neuronal circuits. Fruit flies have only 250,000 neurons, and they too display complex behaviors. In lab experiments, when faced with dim mating prospects, some seek out alcohol, the consciousness-altering substance that's available to them in nature in broken-open, fermenting fruit.
Read: Bees love getting high on caffeine
Many invertebrate lineages never developed anything beyond a rudimentary nervous system, a network of neurons dispersed evenly through a wormlike form. But more than half a billion years ago, natural selection began to shape other squirming blobs into arthropods with distinct appendages and newly specialized sensory organs, which they used to achieve liberation from a drifting life of stimulus and response.
The first animals to direct themselves through three-dimensional space would have encountered a new set of problems whose solution may have been the evolution of consciousness. Take the black wasp. As it hovered above the bougainvillea's tissue-thin petals, a great deal of information—sunlight, sound vibrations, floral scents—rushed into its fibrous exoskull. But these information streams arrived in its brain at different times. To form an accurate and continuous account of the external world, the wasp needed to sync these signals. And it needed to correct any errors introduced by its own movements, a difficult trick given that some of its sensors are mounted on body parts that are themselves mobile, not least its swiveling head.
If one of the wasp's aquatic ancestors experienced Earth's first consciousness, it would have been nothing like our own.
The neuroscientist Björn Merker has suggested that early animal brains solved these problems by generating an internal model of the world, with an avatar of the body at its center. Merker says that consciousness is just the multisensory view from inside this model. The syncing processes and the jangle and noise from our mobile bodies are all missing from this conscious view—some invisible, algorithmic Stanley Kubrick seems to edit them out. Nor do we experience the mechanisms that convert our desires into movements. When I wished to begin hiking up the mountain again, I would simply set off, without thinking about the individual muscle contractions that each step required. When a wasp flies, it is probably not aware of its every wing beat. It may simply will itself through space.
If one of the wasp's aquatic ancestors experienced Earth's first embryonic consciousness, it would have been nothing like our own consciousness. It may have been colorless and barren of sharply defined objects. It may have been episodic, flickering on in some situations and off in others. It may have been a murkily sensed perimeter of binary feelings, a bubble of good and bad experienced by something central and unitary. To those of us who have seen stars shining on the far side of the cosmos, this existence would be claustrophobic to a degree that is scarcely imaginable. But that doesn't mean it wasn't conscious.
A Jain temple near the top of Girnar, the mountain where an ancient "Fordmaker" is said to have achieved total consciousness, with access to all animal minds. (Hashim Badani)
When the monk arrived at the wall where I was resting, the wasp flew away, rising up toward the sun until I lost it in the light. The monk was wearing a white mask like those that some Jains wear to avoid inhaling insects and other tiny creatures. I nodded to him as he passed, and lay back against the warm stone of the mountain.
The monk was a white dot some six switchbacks up by the time I hopped off the wall and continued the climb, my legs stiffened by the break. I reached the entrance to the temple complex with only 15 minutes to spare. Its marble courtyard shone brilliant white, as though bleached by the mountain sun.
Ducking under a row of elegant golden medallions, I entered the temple's interior chamber, where dozens of candles flickered in intricately carved wall niches, and on platforms that hung from the ceiling on chains. The stone ceiling was carved into a lotus flower, its delicate unfurling petals symbolizing the emergence of a pure, ethereal soul from the Earth's muddy materials.
A Jain temple near the top of Girnar (Hashim Badani)
Forty Jains were sitting on the floor in neat rows, their legs crossed in the lotus position. The women wore fresh saris they'd carried up the mountain for the occasion. The men were dressed in all white. I wedged into a spot in the back.
We faced a dark, tunnel-like space lined by two sets of columns. At the far end, candlelight illuminated a black marble statue of a seated male figure. Its barrel chest was inlaid with gemstones, as were its eyes, which appeared to float, serenely, in the dark space, inducing a hypnotic effect, broken only when the man sitting next to me tugged my shirt. "Neminath," he said, nodding toward the statue.
It was here on this mountain that Neminath is said to have achieved a state of total, unimpeded consciousness, with perceptual access to the entire universe, including every kind of animal mind. Jains believe that humans are special because, in our natural state, we are nearest to this experience of enlightenment. Among Earth's creatures, no other finds it so easy to see into the consciousness of a fellow being.
A New Theory Explains How Consciousness Evolved
What the Octopus Knows
From the Archives: The Ethics of Animal Experimentation, September 1926
The pilgrims started singing, first in a low hum and then steadily louder. One wheeled a giant drum next to the tunnel's entrance and struck it with a dark mallet. Two others bashed cymbals together. Men and women walked in from opposite doors, converging, in two lines, on either side of the tunnel. A woman wearing an orange sari and a gold crown crossed in front of Neminath, lifted a vessel over his black-marble head, and poured out a mixture of milk and blessed water. When she finished, a white-robed man from the other line did the same.
The singing grew louder until it verged on ecstatic. The pilgrims raised their arms and clapped overhead, faster and faster. A climax seemed to loom, but then it all dropped away. The drums and the bells and the cymbals went quiet, leaving a clear sonic space that was filled by a final blow on a conch.
The shell's low note was long and clean. It rang out of the temple and over the ancient peaks. As it trailed off, I wondered whether, in the centuries to come, this place might become something more than a Jain house of worship. Maybe it will become a place to mark a moment in human history, when we awakened from the dream that we are the only minds that nature brought into being. Maybe people will come here from all corners of the Earth to pay their respects to Neminath, who is, after all, only a stand-in for whoever it was who first heard animal screams and understood their meaning.
This article appears in the March 2019 print edition with the headline "What the Crow Knows."
Ross Andersen is a senior editor at The Atlantic, where he oversees the Science, Technology, and Health sections.
When 20,000 American Nazis Descended Upon New York City
A filmmaker highlights historic footage, some of which has never been seen before.


text:
import {capitalize, deburr} from "lodash";
import {OptionsWithUrl} from "request";
import {FilterCondition} from "./../../enum";
import {FilteredResults, MangaFilter} from "../../../filter";
import {gin, LoginSite, Site} from "./../../interface";
import {MangaSite} from "./../../mangasite";
import {config} from "./config";

import {processFilter} from "./filter";
import {Helper} from "./names";
import {Parser} from "./parser";
import MangaSource = gin.MangaSource;
import SiteConfig = gin.SiteConfig;
import * as querystring from "querystring";

export class Batoto extends MangaSite<SiteConfig, Parser, Helper> implements LoginSite {
    sitename = "batoto";

    private _urlCache: { [id: string]: string } = {}; // provide a cache for resolved urls

    public constructor() {
        super(config, new Parser(), new Helper());
    }

    async resolveMangaUrl(name: string) {
        if (this._urlCache[name]) {
            return this._urlCache[name];
        }
        let filter: MangaFilter = {search: {name: {name: name, condition: FilterCondition.Contains}}};

        let filterResults: FilteredResults;
        do {
            let page = 0;
            if (filterResults) {
                page = filterResults.page + 1;
            }
            filter.page = page;

            filterResults = await this.filter(filter);

            let {results} = filterResults;

            this.debug("filtered results: %o", results);

            let result: string;

            // console.log(results);
            for (let obj of results) {
                if (obj.name === name) {
                    result = obj.src;
                }
                else if (obj.name.startsWith(name) && obj.name === `${name} (${capitalize(deburr(name.replace("ә", "a")))})`) {
                    result = obj.src;
                }
                else if (obj.name.endsWith(`(${deburr(name.replace("ә", "a"))})`)) { // Ansatsu Kyoushitsu
                    result = obj.src;
                }
                this._urlCache[obj.name] = obj.src; // add to cache
            }

            if (result) {
                return result;
            }
        } while (filterResults.page < filterResults.total && filterResults.results.length > 0);

        return "";
    }

    mangas(filter?: MangaFilter): Promise<MangaSource[]> {
        return this.filter(filter).then(x => x.results);
    }

    async filter(filter?: MangaFilter): Promise<FilteredResults> {
        this.debug("filter mangas with: %o", filter);

        // if (typeof filter === "string") {
        //
        //   filter.replace('+','%2B');
        //
        //   let i = filter.indexOf("+ ");
        //   if (i > -1) {
        //     filter = filter.slice(0, i);
        //   }
        // }
        // else {
        //   let i;
        //   if (filter.name && (i = filter.name.indexOf("+ ")) > -1) {
        //     filter.name = filter.name.slice(0, i);
        //   }
        //   if (filter.search &&   (i = (<FilterSupport>filter.search.name).name.indexOf("+ ")) > -1) {
        //     (<FilterSupport>filter.search.name).name =  (<FilterSupport>filter.search.name).name.slice(0, i);
        //   }
        //
        //   if(filter.name){
        //     filter.name = filter.name.replace('+','%2B');
        //   }
        // }

        let search = processFilter(filter);

        let doc = await this.getDoc({url: search.src, qs: search.qs});
        let mangas = await this.parser.filter(doc);

        this.debug(`mangas: ${mangas.results.length}`);

        return mangas;
    }

    protected async resolveChapterSource(name: string, chapter: number): Promise<string> {
        let src = await super.resolveChapterSource(name, chapter);
        if (!src) {
            return src;
        }
        return Parser.convertChapterReaderUrl(src);
    }

    protected buildChapterRequest(url: string): OptionsWithUrl {
        let opts = super.buildRequest(url);
        opts.headers = {...opts.headers, Referer: "http://bato.to/reader"};
        return opts;
    }

    // buildLoginRequest(url: )

    async isLoggedIn(): Promise<boolean> {
        let html = await this.getHtml("http://bato.to/search");
        let match = html.match(/>Sign Out<\/a>/m);
        return !!match;
    }

    async login(user: string, pw: string, rememberMe: boolean = true) {
        const url = "https://bato.to/forums/index.php?app=core&module=global&section=login&do=process";

        const request = this.buildRequest(url);

        const htmlL = await  this.getHtml(request);

        const $ = await this.getDoc(request);

        const authKey = $("#login > input[name='auth_key']").attr("value");

        const body = {
            auth_key: authKey,
            ips_username: user,
            ips_password: pw,
            rememberMe: rememberMe ? 1 : 0,
            referer: "http://batoto.to/search"

        };

        request.headers = {
            "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
        };
        const html = await this.postHtml(request, querystring.stringify(body));
        return !!html.match(new RegExp(`(Welcome, ${user})|(You are now signed in)`, "g"));
    }
}

export const manga = new Batoto();
export default manga;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tag: change
(Released January 2, 2016)
In episode 17, we discuss the tradition of change and New Year's resolutions from both the secular and the spiritual perspective. While society pressures us to make resolutions and changes solely based on the calendar date, that approach fails to take into account our own individual cycles, karma and the fact that we may be exactly where we are supposed to be at this moment in our lives.
The spiritual origins behind New Year's resolutions
Traditions of reflection, introspection and change
Is this a time NOT to make a change?
Blame and the self-help culture
Internal versus external standards
Failure and self esteem
Much, much more….
Society inundates us with the message that we need to use the beginning of the year to make the changes in order to become the person we are meant to be: Lose weight, follow your dream and become more productive. But what if we aren't prepared to make and follow through on those kinds of changes? And how do we make any kind of profound, long-lasting change if we do not accept and celebrate ourselves for who we already are?
Problems playing the podcast? You can also listen on iTunes,Stitcher or our Libsyn showpage.
About Jim1537:
Jim1537 is an experienced psychic, spiritual medium, teacher and life coach who has provided personal consultations for over thirty years. His most recent book is When Our Pets Leave Us: Animals in the Spirit World. His first book, Why the Law of Attraction Isn't Working for You, is also available as an e-book. To learn more about Jim and his gifts, visit jim1537.com. Jim also shares his insights on Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram and Google+.
More Podcast News:
The podcast has its own Twitter account! You can follow and get the latest podcast news on Twitter at @MFTPodcast. You can also find us on the podcast's Google+ page.
If you enjoy the podcast, please subscribe to the channel on iTunes or Stitcher and leave us a rating!
Support the podcast on Patreon
by meremystic
Episode 2: The Transformational Moment
(Released July 22, 2013)
In the second episode, The Transformational Moment, Jim1537, and his wife, Meremystic, take a spiritually and metaphysically investigative look at the moments, events, choices and realizations in our consciousness that are transformational.
What is transformation?
How transformation differs from ordinary change?
What is the transformational moment?
The types of events that trigger transformational moments.
Do we always recognize a transformational moment?
The aftermath of the transformational moment
This episode touches on metaphysical topics that have a profound, transformational effect on our lives such as the near death experience. It also covers issues such as how our relationships, careers, and many of our life choices also facilitate the transformational moment. Also addressed are the transformational moments that we don't recognize at the time, such as how a choice to enter into a casual relationship can change everything. Ultimately, this episode helps us to identify and understand those key transformational moments that we all experience in the process of spiritual becoming.
Here's the episode:
If you enjoy the podcast, please subscribe to the channel on iTunes and leave a rating! 🙂
NDE
newar death experience
Click here to begin a consultation with Jim1537.
Click here to contact us with feedback or ideas for a topic you would like to hear!
Subscribe via iTunes here.
Posts may contain affiliate links.
You can help support the podcast by using this link to shop on Amazon. At no added cost to you, we earn a small commission for each purchase you make.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Well Mojang's aquisition by Microsoft hasn't stopped the updates coming. 1.8.1 isn't a HUGE thing, but there are many bugfixes.
I wont repeat the release notes but I hadn't noticed many of the bugs other than visual glitches and the black particle effect that now no longer seem to trouble us.
No "new features" but I guess after the long-awaited 1.8 "Bountiful Release" there's still a lot of good stuff to be playing with while we wait.
Version 2 updated Nov. 25, 2014, 12:15 p.m.


text:
'use strict';

addressBookControllers.controller('AlertCtrl', [
  '$scope', 'Alerter',
  function($scope, Alerter) {
    $scope.alerts = Alerter.alerts;

    $scope.closeAlert = function(index) {
      $scope.alerts.splice(index, 1);
    };
  }
]);


text:
The Chairman of the Investigative Committee of Russia requests reports on progress of investigation of crimes affecting children
A person suspected of use of violence against an authority representative in Voronezh Region detained
The Investigative Committee of Russia continues to take measures aimed to bring Evgeny Blum to criminal justice
The Chairman of the Investigative Committee of Russia demands a report on situations with destruction of historical buildings in St. Petersburg and circumstances that led to violation of rights of a resident of besieged Leningrad
The Chairman of the Investigative Committee of Russia requests a report on investigative actions taken in terms of investigation of a probe into kidnapping of a minor girl in Altai Territory
Former head of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for Kamchatka Territory detained on suspicion of corruption offenses
The Сhairman of the Investigative Committee gave a number of instructions to the territorial investigative bodies on the events that have spread in the social media
Sentence imposed over accomplice in swindling of funds of commercial bank Credit Express
Alexander Bastrykin instructs to transfer a probe into abuse of authority, launched by the Voronezh investigative department, to the Central Office
Alexander Bastrykin requests reports on a number of regional incidents
The St. Petersburg Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee of Russia continues preliminary inquiry into collapse of tower ceiling of a historical building – Valentina Krivdina's dacha, that occurred on July 31, 2021. The first floor of the building is inhabited by a large family. The Chairman instructed the direction of the St. Petersburg Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee of Russia to report on actions taken in terms of the inquiry.
Apart from that, the Chairman of the Investigative Committee of Russia requested a report on possible illegal actions with another St. Petersburg historical building – Writer's House – and to carry out a pre-investigative inquiry if there are grounds.
Alexander Bastrykin also demanded a report on a situation with a seriously ill resident of besieged Leningrad, whose relatives complain on impossibility to obtain medicine for her timely treatment. The head of the Investigative Committee of Russia instructed the St. Petersburg Main Investigative Department of the Investigative Committee of Russia to take extensive measures to restore the rights of the siege victim.


I posted this in the internet forum also, but we just started a new podcast where we focus on stories from working mermaids and entertainers. Our first episode is out where we talk about who we are and our story. We also hope to have some episodes focused on specific business pain points and common questions getting started.
My wife and I just finished our third year doing mermaiding. I go as her pirate helper. We've done a dozen or so conventions and comicons, lots of parties, and in two weeks we're actually going to be helping someone with an elaborate wedding proposal if you can believe it. We really enjoy doing it, and wanted to give back in some way. We've met so many wonderful mermaids along the way and wanted to share their stories. We've already recorded two more interviews and have about five more scheduled. There'll be a new episode every Monday.
The way I describe it is diving into the world of people who dress up for fun, entertainment, and profit. I hope you guys like it. Any feedback is appreciated. If you'd like to be interviewed on the podcast let me know.
It should also be up on PocketCast soon as well.
Last edited by MerFaire; 09-28-2018 at 01:58 AM.
That was amusing to listen to and it did inspire me to look at your Facebook page. The kids all look like they were having a blast! Good luck to you in this new venture.
Last edited by Keiris; 09-28-2018 at 01:06 AM.
Thank you, the next episode is pretty funny at times. The one after that a little heartbreaking at times. It's amazing the stories behind peoples lives, their challenges, and what they've overcome.
I can imagine. We all fall into this business for one reason or another and everyone always has a unique story to bring to the table. That's been my experience when I talk to mermen, mermaids, fairies, vampires, witches etc. and all the others who do one form of cosplay or another. I doubt you'll get bored.
Sneak Peek at episode 2.
Full episode 2, and out of all the episodes I've posted this is definitely the funniest. Of the two.
Episode 4 we interviewed Fran, who over the past two years has done parties as a mermaid, pirate, princess and any other countless things. 160 parties in three years.
Episode 5 we talk about how to get started and how to market yourself among other things.
Odette is so great we started at the same time! I am so glad you interviewed her~!
We met her last year when we did Return of the Mermaid down in Tucson. It's amazing what she's done, she's so creative.
I love this serie of podcasts.
It's so interesting and amazing to know a little bit more of all of this mermaids!
That was our real intention with all this. There are so many people out there doing their thing, we wanted to share their stories and help encourage others.
You definitely did in my opinion!
I am really looking forward for the next ones, all those stories are so different even if we are all talking about doing the same job and that's amazing!
Well, if anyone wants to tell their story send me a message.
We're going to be streaming the podcast live as we film it today in about 20 minutes. You can watch live on the Youtube channel. Shortly after that it should appear on the normal podcasting channels. Today we're talking about mer-handlers, what they can do for you, and our funniest or cringiest mer-handler moments.
Episode 6 - Tales (tails?) of a Mer-Handler.
This week we talk about what makes a good mer-handler and how they can make your parties better.
Last edited by MerFaire; 10-29-2018 at 08:22 PM.
I really appreciated the idea to go live!
This week we went to the Tucson Comicon and interviewed the Tucson Dread Fleet. The video and audio were recorded from the Cosplay, and you can see quite a few characters pop up in the background.
I always wanted to know about the comiccon overseas and the people who work there!
I sent you a private message on here about your interview, but if there's an easier way to chat, over facebook messenger, or Whatsapp, we can use that.


text:
Verstappen snatches pole
GDN Online Desk Sat, 12 Dec 2020 Sat, 12 Dec 2020
Red Bull's Max Verstappen during practice. (Reuters Photo)
Red Bull's Alexander Albon during the press conference. (Reuters Photo)
Abu Dhabi: Max Verstappen denied Mercedes a final front-row lockout of the season by snatching pole position in the dying seconds of yesterday's qualifying for the year-ending Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.
The Dutchman steered his Honda-powered Red Bull around the 5.5km-long Yas Marina circuit in one minute, 35.246 seconds edging Mercedes' provisional pole-sitter Valtteri Bottas by just 0.025 seconds.
World champion Lewis Hamilton, back in the car after his Covid-19-enforced absence at last week's Bahrain Grand Prix, was third but only 0.086 seconds off the pace.
"I said before I went into qualifying, it's going to be the final send of the season and we did that," said Verstappen after taking his third career pole and first this season.
"The whole year when you're behind getting closer, it's getting sometimes a bit frustrating."
Verstappen's dazzling display under the floodlights means it will be only the second time in 17 races this season that Mercedes haven't started from the front.
It was also the first non-Mercedes pole position of the season with Lance Stroll's qualifying-topping effort in Turkey set in his Mercedes-powered Racing Point, and only the fourth time this season that Hamilton and Bottas haven't locked out the front row.
"The main issue was we couldn't really get the soft tyres to work properly as it should," said the 31-year-old Bottas. "The balance was not quite perfect."
Hamilton, who has taken 10 of Mercedes' 15 poles this season, said he still wasn't back to full fitness after only just having recovered from Covid-19.
"It's definitely been a difficult weekend," said the 35-year-old Briton.
"It just felt like you've lost that momentum and really struggled so far with the balance this weekend."
Verstappen had headed a Red Bull one-two from Alexander Albon in the final practice session.
But Mercedes were expected to strike back come the qualifying hour. Hamilton led Bottas in the first two parts of qualifying, with the pair looking like favourites for a front-row lockout.
Verstappen, however, showed his speed as the final shootout got underway, splitting his Mercedes rivals after his first run, before posting the lap that deposed Bottas and Hamilton from the top of the timesheets.
Lando Norris was an impressive fourth for McLaren, winning the team mate qualifying battle at McLaren against Ferrari-bound Spaniard Carlos Sainz who was sixth.


text:
The Can de Palleiro is a traditional Spanish breed of shepherd dog from the autonomous community of Galicia in north-western Spain. It was recognised by royal decree in 2001, and the stud-book was established in the same year. It is named after the haystack () near which it traditionally sleeps.

History

The Can de Palleiro is a traditional shepherd dog breed from the autonomous community of Galicia. It was officially recognised by the Xunta de Galicia in April 2001, and a stud-book was established; it received national recognition by royal decree in May the same year. A breed association, the Club da Raza Can de Palleiro, was formed in 2002.

The breed had come close to extinction in the years before it was officially recognised. In 2009 its conservation status was reported as "in danger of extinction", but numbers were increasing. In 2022 it was listed by the Real Sociedad Canina de España among the breeds in the process of recovery.

References

Livestock guardian dogs
Dog breeds originating in Galicia (Spain)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
News Briefs for November 8, 2018
•Brent Hocking, founder of DeLéon Tequila and Virginia Black whiskey, is introducing a new Champagne brand, Mod Sélection. The brand will include a variety of different expressions, among them Non-Vintage, Vintage, Rosé de Saignée, Vintage Rosé de Saignée, Grand Cru Blanc de Blancs, Vintage Blanc de Blancs, Blanc de Noirs, and Estate-Grown Tete de Cuveé. Southern Glazer's Wine & Spirits will exclusively handle Mod Sélection in the U.S. and Canada. The brand's core wines will sell at $300-$400 a bottle.
•New Jersey-based Royal Wine Co. has added two new Albariño wines to its portfolio. The newcomers include a Herzog Special Reserve Albariño from California's Edna Valley and a Ramon Cardova Albariño from Spain's Rias Baixas region. The Herzog Special Reserve retails at $30 a 750-ml., while the Ramon Cardova bottling retails at $22. Both new Albariños are kosher. Royal Wine's portfolio also includes Bartenura, an Impact "Hot Brand," which grew 17% to 635,000 cases last year.
•Champagne Billecart-Salmon has named seventh-generation family member Mathieu Roland-Billecart as CEO. Roland-Billecart will assume his new role in January, succeeding his cousin François Roland-Billecart, who has headed the company since 1992. Meanwhile, Billecart-Salmon is launching a new Bicentenary Cuvée to commemorate its 1818 founding. A Pinot Noir-dominant blend, the luxury cuvée is limited to 1,818 magnums worldwide and retails at $2,000. The brand is imported by T. Edwards in the U.S.
•California's Preiss Imports has named Steve Fox to the newly created role of national sales manager. Fox has spent the last seven years as national sales manager at Pacific Edge Wines & Spirits. The Preiss Imports portfolio includes Charron Armagnac, La Fée Absinthe, and Hunter Laing & Co. Scotch whiskies, among other brands.
Tagged : Billecart-Salmon, Mod Sélection, Preiss Imports, Royal Wine Co.
Previous : Craft Brewing and Distilling News for November 8, 2018 Next : Wine Spectator: Taub Family Buys Mendocino's Saracina, Creating California Home Base


text:
Q: How does the structure of the producer/consumer process work? I'm currently studying how producer/consumer process works. Here we are given the following shared data structures, mutex, empty, and full. We have the codes for the producer, consumer, wait, and signal.
Below those code is my assumption. I try to explain the logic behind both the producer and consumer process. What I don't understand is why do we need the semaphore mutex? Is it so that only 1 process is able to consume from the buffer at a time?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Forest fires are accelerating global warming, so RenewWest gives landowners a reason to replant trees
Andrew Kenney
STARTUP OF THE WEEK: renewwest
Firefighters on federal land. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Flickr)
In this series, we visit Denver-metro, Boulder and Rocky Mountain region startups. Contact caiello@denverite.com or fill out the form below to be considered.
Wildfires have left countless thousands of acres of skeletal trees and bare ground across the mountains of Colorado. Former fighter pilot Michael Smith sees an opportunity there.
Every acre that burns means fewer trees.
Trees are one of our few natural defenses against climate change, as they're able to capture and store carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas.
"We need to be sequestering carbon from the atmosphere in order to meet our climate change concerns," said Smith, the founder of the Denver startup RenewWest. "There's really only one way to absorb emissions: That's through photosynthesis."
The trouble is that it can take decades for burned forests to regrow, amplified by the fact that wildfires are burning longer and larger. In fact, 2015 was the biggest year for wildfires since World War II.
"All you have to do is drive up to Centennial, Gold Hill — there are scars from fires 10 years ago, and there's been absolutely no change," said Pete Dignan, CEO of Renewable Choice Energy in Boulder and an adviser to Smith.
A view of the Green Mountain Fire. (Courtesy Gabe Mercado)
Smith thinks the solution is to convince landowners to replant the land themselves.
The process of replanting a forest is simple — "literally just people walking around with a basket full of seedlings and a shovel," said Smith, who majored in systems engineering at the U.S. Naval Academy and left active service with the U.S. Navy in 2014.
Unfortunately, it rarely makes financial sense to replant trees in the arid mountains of the West. "These landowners can't afford to reforest, and they don't have an incentive to," he continued. "Most of the American timber industry's moved to the Southeast."
Instead, Smith's company uses an emerging new market to make forestry profitable in a new way. Still in its early phases, RenewWest is one of a few startups that makes "carbon credits" accessible to more landowners.
How the market works:
A company like Microsoft decides to go "carbon neutral" — in other words, to balance out all the carbon it produces by consuming electricity and generally existing.
"They've calculated their corporate carbon footprint — they know what their emissions are — and depending on the rigor of their commitment, they'll go out and offset those emissions," said Steve Ruddell, another advisor to RenewWest and an advocate for tropical reforestation.
Microsoft accomplishes that by buying carbon credits, which are basically certificates symbolizing a reduction of the amount of carbon in the world. They're governed by various organizations, treaties and agreements.
There are plenty of ways to capture or reduce enough carbon emissions to "create" a credit — and in this case, it's by planting trees. The credits are set up in a way that incentivizes the landowner to keep the trees on the land even after they've matured, Smith said.
There's also a market for "compliance" credits — basically, when a company is forced by law to offset its impacts. Smith is aiming for those too.
What it looks like in action:
It's a complex system but a simple business model, as Smith describes it.
"Plant trees on the land, let Mother Nature provide free sunshine and water, and come back in a few years," he said.
They're generally looking for parcels of more than 3,500 acres. RenewWest would fund the replanting and may share the credits revenue with the landowner. The landowner at the end of the term owns a piece of reforested land.
It's not unproven. Ruddell, the advisor, does much the same thing with a different geographical focus through his own company, CarbonVerde.
"You can basically provide an additional revenue source for a landowner, so that they don't have the pressures of converting it to some other land use," Ruddell said. "… It doesn't have anything to do with the politics of climate change. It has to do with, 'What's best for me financially?'"
Smith's currently self-funded and seeking investors.
He's also working with Coalition for the Upper South Platte on a $550,000 U.S. Forest Service grant to create a carbon offset project in Colorado and to develop ways to use offsets to fund forest fire-reduction methods.
There are some risk factors, of course. Donald Trump's victory in the presidential election may signal the end of the Clean Power Plan, which could have created a lot more demand for carbon offsets. Smith said he wasn't counting on the CPP, but he thinks it would have generally helped to standardize and mature the carbon markets.
He argues that the mechanics of the market have been proven, pointing to the Clean Air Act's effect on pollution and acid rain. Offsets, he argues, could end up being a less volatile haven for capital, especially in markets where they're mandatory.
"All the mechanisms exist. We know how to plant trees," he said. "It's a really low-tech thing."
And the fires are going to keep on burning.
Michael Smith of RenewWest. (Courtesy Michael Smith)
Founder: Michael Smith
Industry: Carbon offsets
Funding: Looking to raise $20 million
Offices: West Wash Park, Lower Highland
carbon offset, M.A.C. Cosmetics, startup of the week, In-N-Out, carbon reduction, Aid in Dying, wildfire, contamination, fire, dispensary


London: The Epworth Press, 1934, Hardback in Dust Wrapper.
Condition: Very Good — in Good Dust Wrapper. Unlaminated dust wrapper a little edgeworn and faded. Pages very gently age-tanned.
Size: 8¾" x 5½". Ruled Blue boards with Gilt titling to the Spine. In the Fernley-Hartley lectures series. 260 pages.


Tasting Notes: Mateus Rosé, the most famous rosé in the world!
This wine is light, fresh, young and slightly 'pétillant'. Its quality, extreme versatility and consistent style make it the ideal wine to accompany the good times of life. Mateus Rosé is a rosé with a very appealing and bright. Overall it is a fresh and seductive wine with good aromatic intensity and all the joviality of young wines. In the mouth, the wine is balanced and very tempting, brilliantly complemented by a soft and slightly 'pétillant'.
Serving at: 5 - 8ºC.
We recommend with: Served chilled, Mateus Rosé is ideal as an aperitif, to accompany a refreshing moment of the day, when the going down of the sun anticipates relaxing moments of pleasure and conviviality, and always seeking a good alternative to a sparkling, champagne or even a beer .Mateus Rosé also goes very well with light meals, various fish and seafood, white meats, grilled meats and salads. Its unique characteristics make it also ideal for serving with pasta and various dishes of Italian cuisine and beautifully accompany various Asian cuisines - Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese and Thai. recommends that it be served in flute or tulip glass type.


I haven't posted in a while beacues of stupid brain-block, but when mom made me watch Nova last night, I had an idea on what to post.
Last night I took a shower and scrubbed all my tatoos off. When I got into my bed, I was so tired. I bought ankelets at a summer camp, and I haven't took them off since. I even took showers in them. Last night they felt so heavy, so cold, so wet. I immediately started to untie them, but I couldn't since they were so wet. I searched around for something sharp, and took a pin from a button and started hacking away at them with surprised frustration. I accidently pricked myself, but I only stopped a second to see if it was bleeding. With the last of my patience, I pulled both of them off and put them on my dresser. I was tired of the beads falling off, I was tired of hiding them beneath my socks in gym, I was tired of them soaking in water. I was just tired!
Since I'm having writer's block again, so Hallie nicely made me a list of topics.
*Sigh* All I can say is I hope McCain doesn't win.
It's annoying. My observations and data are due Nov. 3-14, which means I'll have to get to an art museum sometime soon.
What can I say about it? It's in 10 days.
What was Hallie thinking? Geeks for me are people who are really academically smart that flaunt it and are usually strong in maths and sciences.
*shakes fist at Hallie* A person in the arts who loves nature, are not afraid to be themselves, and are generally all around awesome.
The last movie I saw was a stupid Goosebumps movie on Disney channel, "Night of the Living Dummies, Part III", which made Andelle go hysterical about how crappy it was and how they could possibly have been two others. She screamed while watching it though, which was pretty funny.
So incase anybody hasn't noticed, I haven't been on lately because my dad turned off my internets. I know I shouldn't be obsessing over it, but they want me to make a Fibonacci gauge, but I need to print one out of the internet. Thankfully Ysa has been feeding my pwnehs, and Andelle has been supplying me with my daily dose of useless YouTube videos. Now, for my entertainment, a video.
Once again I have nothing important to post, so I'll write about my weekend. I went camping with my girl scout troop, but only seven girls went, including myself, so that was a big plus since when everybody comes it's a big disaster. We slept in two seperate trailers. I got the trailer with the awesome leader and my friends, while the other loud girls got the annoying leader (I think she's annoying because she complains about everything little thing!). We got to go to a dance in our pajamas, which was fun. I bough glasses that had lights on it, so whenever a song came on that I didn't know, I put on the glasses and bobbed my head. My friends even made me do the soulja boy, but it was all good. I was having a good time, though some boys got a little weird and started dancing around. They lifted each other up and danced all stupid like. One danced too close to me, so I sat with my leaders. They said that they liked boys like that, boys who didn't care what anybody else thought. My opinion is there's a thin line between not caring what anybody else thought and just being plain ignorant. Though one of my leaders did tell me that what they noticed is that I have fun whatever I do, which was nice to hear. In the final song we got into a "love circle" where we all held hands and swayed back and forth. We also went to Assateague and saw some wild ponies, which was awesome. And now I know another thing I can be for holloween...a park ranger! I have a junior park ranger badge, and I can use my mom's old name tag and belt from when she was a park ranger.
I haven't written a song in forever, so I feel like now would be a good time to start again.
It was then when I remembered where I wrote that poem that I wrote in another post. I was at a hotel and snuck into the bathroom with Andelle's MP3 player over the summer, where I layed in the bathtub weilding a pen, trying to get my creative juices flowing. I now feel a bit like a failure.
These two girls on the bus were trying (unsuccesfully) to convert me, which they seem to do when they are bored, or when they remember that they're christian and that they have a heathen in their midsts.
In science the girl behind me is either trying to convert me, hook me up with a guy, style my hair, or stealing my purse. To day it was trying to style me and steal my purse. My friend A decided to take my one of my necklace's I left in my purse and promised to give it back in PE. For some reason, all my friends like my necklaces.
In French my friend B's purse was making noises, but she was all the way across the room with a teacher, so I was frantically searching for the sound.
In PE A gave back my necklace, and my friend C wanted to come over to my house in Wednesday, which is something to look forward to.
I was looking everywhere for C's number, so I decide to call friend D to see if she had her number, and she did. I told her that C was going to come over on Wednesday, which is why I needed her number. D made a sound full of question and envy which is funny because it sounded like an "mmm" sound, but it was quick and...strange. D jealous?
Now I'm at home, Andelle seems to be out to kill me for some reason, and I'm starting to hate the phone.
On Sunday I'm going to the Renn. Fest with my two best friends, so this should be interesting. It's the first time one of my friends have been there, so me and my other friend will introduce her to the world of pirates and gypies!
Some habits never die. I had an annoying habit in elementary where I would bite the inside of my mouth, causing sores. Sometimes I would be biting and not even realizing it. Sometimes I would wake up in the morning and my lip would be swollen. Once again the stupid habit decided to revisit me. Now I'm eating strawberry sorbet thinking it might help, but I accidently bit down on it, and it HURTS! RARRRRGHH!!!


Dr. Veniamin Khazanov of the RAS' Institute of Pharmacology at the Tomsk Scientific Center says "For aged people, succinic acid has proved to be indispensable. It is capable of restoring the energy balance at the cellular level, which is often upset as the years go by, and helps the patient regain his youthful energy."
I had a cut that was infected. It was swollen and was red around the swollen area. I took 5 drops of the amber tincture and applied some to the swollen red area at night. By morning the redness had gone and the swelling had gone down but not completely. I had another dose and applied the tincture in the morning and later that day the swelling had gone down completely. Great stuff, I'll always have this in my first aid kit.
I CAN NOT GIVE YOU A FEEDBACK SINCE I HAVE JUST RECEIVED IT.


text:
Contributions are always welcome. Before contributing please search the issue tracker to see if your request/issue was already discussed or fixed in master.

To contribute, fork QuaseJS, commit your changes, and send a pull request.


text:
Argentina News News
Elections in Brazil: What do they mean for Argentina?
By Miguel Goyeneche October 11, 2022
"If Brazil sneezes, Argentina catches pneumonia," Susana Malcorra, Argentina's former Minister of Foreign Affairs famously said back in 2016. And she wasn't wrong: Brazil is the most important market for Argentine exports, its main source of tourism and the fourth largest investor in the country.
That's why the government of Argentine President Alberto Fernández is keeping a close eye on Brazil's runoff elections on October 30 between current president and conservative firebrand Jair Bolsonaro and former leftist President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
In Lula, the Fernández administration hopes to recover an old ally. In Bolsonaro, the government will keep struggling to improve the economic relationship between both countries.
Both results in Brazil's election will have different outcomes for Argentina's and the region's economic future, the role of South America's trading bloc Mercosur, and could decide which country will emerge as a political leader on the continent.
What's at stake for Argentina's economy?
During the first eight months of 2022, Argentina received over USD $8 billion from exports to Brazil, and is expected to receive USD $12 billion by the end of the year.
"Brazil is the greatest destination for Argentine [small and medium sized enterprises], but especially for industrialized products," said Marcelo Elizondo, director of the DNI consultory firm.
The future of Mercosur, South America's biggest trading bloc, is also at stake in this election.
In 2019, a large trade agreement with the European Union was agreed upon, but has not yet been ratified. The agreement has been stalled in part by European governments and activists who oppose the Bolsonaro administration's lack of interest in protecting the Amazon rainforest.
For his part, Lula has voiced his interest in making sure the trade agreement is pushed through.
"If I win, in the first six months we will conclude the agreement with the EU," said Lula during his campaign.
Argentina's government eagerly awaits the signing of the agreement, but needs Brazil's support to achieve it.
President Jair Bolsonaro with President Fernández in the 2021 G20 summit. Image courtesy of Ámbito Financiero.
What to expect if Lula wins
"With a victory of Lula Da Silva, Brazil will have a more traditional role in regional foreign policy," said Welber Barral, former secretary of foreign commerce of Brazil in talks with El Cronista.
According to economist Martín Kalos, "Lula would want to prioritize the rapprochement and a geopolitical and economic agreement with Argentina," in contrast to what President Bolsonaro did in recent years.
Also, President Fernández would win back a huge political and strategic ally. Argentina's president vocally supported Lula while he was imprisoned for his role in the Lava Jato international corruption scandal.
"An alliance between presidents of the same political ideology who think of an integrated Latin America would be interesting to see," said Mr. Kalos in an interview with Ámbito Financiero.
What to expect if Bolsonaro is re-elected
If Mr. Bolsonaro is re-elected, "the roles would be reversed and he would begin to look at Argentina to see what happens in the 2023 elections, hoping that the ruling party will lose," according to political analyst Gustavo Marangoni.
"Jair Bolsonaro turned Brazil towards de-Americanization, making distancing from Latin America one of the axes of his hyper-ideologized foreign policy," said foreign affairs specialist Tomás Bontempo. "He flirted with the partial flexibilizations of Mercosur," he emphasized.
The continuity of this economic model would cause greater damage to Argentina in commercial terms, as it would have a negative impact in some key sectors of the economy, such as auto parts production and tourism.
The final round of the presidential elections in Brazil will take place on October 30 and Argentine government officials will be closely following its results, hoping to strengthen the relationship with its neighbor.


It has been almost five years since the City of Riverside closed Dufferin Avenue at McAllister, cutting off a "critical circulation and emergency access link for the communities of The Orchard, Victoria Grove and other developments located east of La Sierra Avenue, and north of El Sobrante".
I sent a few emails last week to contacts within the County of Riverside to find out the construction status of "A" Street (Fairway Drive), since the last estimate I received was that construction might start this summer. One person told me that there is no firm timetable, and that staff is continuing negotiations to purchase the properties needed for the right-of-way (one of six has been purchased). Another person told me that the County is working with the developer, but that there is hope construction will begin by the fall.
Unless you devote many hours to attending County meetings (I don't), construction projects can be difficult to follow. This post contains information on the construction of "A" Street from my review of County documents. If you find that I have missed something, relied on outdated documents or have any feedback, please leave a comment below. Also, if you would like to express your support for this project, it falls within Supervisor Kevin Jeffries' district.
The quoted words in the first sentence of this post aren't mine (although I agree with them). They are from a submittal dated 01/15/14 from the Riverside County Transportation Department to the Riverside County Board of Supervisors recommending approval to enter into right of way and temporary construction agreements with CV Inland Communities 1, LP. The Board approved these recommendations on 02/04/14.
CV is the developer that is building the Citrus Heights community. From what I can tell, the Citrus Heights plan calls for the construction of 345 homes (no golf course) between McAllister and Van Buren (see the end of this post for info on Citrus Heights).
The Riverside County Transportation Department (RCTD) proposes to construct A Street, a two-lane collector road connecting McAllister Street to Van Buren Boulevard in the Woodcrest area (Project). Approximately 40 percent of the Project is located in the unincorporated county area (County) and 60 percent is located within the City of Riverside (City) jurisdiction.
In 2006, the County approved Tract 30153 (McAllister Hills), which would have constructed a golf course residential community development. The County required this tract to construct a new road between McAllister and Van Buren, referred to as A Street, which would serve traffic from the development and provide an alternate access route for residents of Victoria Grove, the Orchards, and other communities in the area north of Cajalco and east of La Sierra.
In 200B, work ceased on the developer's project, which went into foreclosure due to the economic downturn. Since that time, the communities desire to see "A" Street move forward has been heightened by the closure of the extension of McAllister north into the City of Riverside. The County took over the "A" Street project in 2010 and is working on property acquisition to prepare for construction.
Funding for the acquisition comes from Development Impact fees collected in this area since this road will help mitigate impacts of future development.
Environmental Impact Report No. 433 (EIR) was completed in compliance with the EIR Guidelines and Riverside County Rules to implement California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). On December 21, 2004, the Board of Supervisors adopted Resolution No. 2004-539, Certifying Environmental Impact Report No. 433. On September 24, 2013, Amendment No.1 to EIR No. 433 was approved by the Board of Supervisors.
CV Inland Communities 1, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (CV Communities) has agreed to dedicate the right-of-way and temporary access from the portion of the property needed for the proposed A Street project at no cost. […] There are costs of $16,200 associated with this transaction.
The Board's approval of these agreements follow the earlier approval of an agreement (link is to the first amendment) that calls for the developer to contribute $1.6 million toward the construction of Street "A" after certain conditions are met.
The Amendment of SP 325 and its associated tracts is coming before the Board for consideration as a separate Item on this same agenda. A necessary infrastructure component of this project is "A" Street, a new road that will extend from McAllister Parkway to Van Buren Boulevard. "A" Street is not only necessary for this project but also a critical circulation and emergency access link for the communities of The Orchard, Victoria Grove and other developments located East of La Sierra Avenue, and North of El Sobrante. The" A" Street Project is approximately 40% within County jurisdiction and 60% within the City of Riverside jurisdiction.
On October 16, 2012 the Board entered into an agreement with CV Communities, the Developer of this project, whereby the Developer will provide the County with $1,200,000 in funding towards the construction of the road upon County approval of the entitlements, and another $400,000 within 6 months of the County awarding a construction contract. This Amendment accelerates the payment of the $400,000 and provides a vehicle for the Developer to contribute additional funding, in exchange for additional DIF credits, and also a mechanism for the Developer to receive DIF credits if they have to construct the road project. This amendment therefore helps facilitate the construction of "A" Street.
The County is in the process of acquiring the needed right-of-way for "A" Street, and working with the City of Riverside on a funding plan for the construction phase of the project.
The best document I have found about the Citrus Heights project is here (emphasis added).
No. 433 – Applicant: CV Communities, LLC – Engineer/Representative: T&B Planning – First/First Supervisorial District – Lake Mathews Zoning District – Lake Mathews / Woodcrest Area Plan: Community Development: Low Density Residential (CD: LDR) (1/2 Acre Minimum), Open Space: Conservation (OS: C), Rural Community: Very Low Density Residential (RC: VLDR) (1 Acre Minimum), Rural: Rural Mountainous (R: RM) (10 Acre Minimum), El Sobrante Policy Area – Location: Southerly of Van Buren Boulevard and easterly of McAllister Street – 333.7 Gross Acres – Zoning: Specific Plan (SP00325) – REQUEST: The Specific Plan Amendment proposes to increase residential acreage from 98.4 acres to 135.5 acres, increase the total number of residential units from 295 to 345, increase the average residential lot size from approximately 10,237 square feet to approximately 12,976 square feet, increase the development intensity from 0.9 to 1.0 dwelling units per acre (du/ac), eliminate the 119.1-acre golf course and 3.5-acre golf course clubhouse land uses from the Land Use Plan, increase the area reserved for open space from 85.2 acres to 162.4 acres, increase the acreage designated for public parks from three parks on 2.5 acres to eight parks on 7.0 acres, provide approximately 6.6 miles of pedestrian trails and modify the internal circulation system to accommodate the modified land use plan. The Change of Zone proposes to modify the adopted Specific Plan Zoning Ordinance for SP325 and formalize all of the planning area boundaries within the Specific Plan. The Tentative Map is a Schedule A subdivision that would subdivide 333.7 acres into 343 single-family residential lots, 8 park lots, 3 water quality detention basin lots, and 43 open space lots.
Do you live in the area? I gre up on McAllister, just one of three homes and when they made that stupid decision to close off both McAalister and Dufferin it impacted my family in fuel cost, time on the road and we had an emergency and we saw the ambulance going down Dufferin, then it had to come all the way around back to my parents home. We are fortunate we didn't lose my dad in those crucial minutes!
@Carrie – Yes, the Dufferin closure affects us too. We make almost daily trips to the Woodcrest area, which means we now have to drive around to Victoria to get to Van Buren. Glad your father was ok.
Is this website still being updated? It's almost March 2015 and the hills are graded, roads are being formed.
Yes, it is still being updated. This is an older post. Here is the latest post: http://www.riversideandbeyond.com/a-street-dufferin-update-jan-15-public-hearing-on-011315/.


Description: The RFID USB Reader is a simple to use, USB to serial base unit for the ID-3LA, ID-12LA, and ID-20LA readers. Simply plug a reader into the headers and attach a miniUSB cable. Open a terminal program of your choice at 9600bps 8N1, then scan your 125kHz ID tag and the unique 32-bit ID will be shown on the screen. The unit is based on a FTDI chip and comes with a read LED and buzzer.


text:
Q: Confusion around $f(\tau) = \frac{\sin(\pi x)}{(\pi x)}$ as a covariance function for a weakly stationary process. I've just started an intro course on stationary stochastic processes. The main concept of the course is weakly stationarity, i.e. processes with a constant mean value function:
$$E[X(t)]=c$$
and where the covariance function $f(\tau)$ only depends on the time distance. Im at a chapter that goes over spectral representations of covariance functions.
There is this one theroem that states the following: A continuous function $f(t)$ with $ \int_{-\infty}^\infty \lvert f(t)\rvert \, dt < \infty$ is a covariance function if its Fourier transform is symmetric and non-negative.
Now is where the confusion comes. If i consider the covariance function $f(\tau) = \frac{\sin(\pi x)}{(\pi x)}$ which i know is the covariance function for a low frequency white noise process. How can this be the case?
The above theorem clearly states that $f(\tau)$ has to be a $L^1$-function in order for it to be the covariance function for a weakly stationary stochastic process, and since
$$\int_{-\infty}^\infty \lvert \frac{\sin(\pi x)}{(\pi x)}\rvert \, dt$$
does not converge then it shouldn't be possible for it to be a covariance function, yet it is the covariance function for low-frequency white noise, so i must be wrong with my thinking, but i have no idea where.


text:
A SPECIAL PLACE FOR UCONN
By MATT EAGAN; Courant Staff Writer
SPRINGFIELD -- — Jim Calhoun stood with his back to Red Auerbach -- who was grinning through his cigar smoke out of a black-and-white photograph honoring the Celtics -- and tried to explain what it meant to have the UConn men's basketball program included in the Basketball Hall of Fame.
"You look to the right and see John Wooden and that's pretty heavy company," Calhoun said. "I couldn't think of any coach I'd rather be beside. If people come here and say, 'That's Coach Wooden and that's some guy from Connecticut,' that's OK. Some guy from Connecticut is very happy to be beside John Wooden."
Calhoun was at the Hall Tuesday to unveil a permanent exhibit honoring his coaching career and the Huskies.
It is the first permanent exhibit added to the Coaches & Teams Gallery since the Hall was remodeled in 2002.
The visit stirred memories for Calhoun, 63, who will be inducted into the Hall in September as he prepares for his 20th season at UConn.
"I still remember [after winning the NIT] coming over the Charter Oak Bridge -- and they still had tolls at the time -- and them waving the bus through," Calhoun said. "So many people were excited about us. They talk about the excitement of the national championship, and obviously it was incredibly exciting, but for Connecticut to win the NIT, that really said, 'We can do this."'
Calhoun was visibly moved when he pulled a black curtain from the glass display case, located directly across from the UConn women's display in the Coaches & Teams Gallery. His eyes took in each item in the display case as cameras snapped away.
"You could play golf with some of the goosebumps I have right now," he said.
Calhoun spoke briefly to a group of UConn fans before the unveiling and took questions from some of the younger fans in the crowd.
Which player had the best attitude? Calhoun settled on Emeka Okafor but later said Kevin Ollie fit the category as well.
Calhoun scrolled through names and memories all afternoon. None were too obscure.
From Gerry Besselink, who was astonished when the state found $60,000 to paint the field house, to Karsten Kibbe, a walk-on on the NIT championship team, Calhoun had a story to tell about everyone.
"You think about all those kids that have gone out and had incredible careers," Calhoun said. "But then you think about all the other kids like Lyman DePriest and Murray Williams and Rod Sellers and all the other kids who made an impact."
He even thought back on the not-so-good old days when he had his only doubts about whether he had made a mistake by leaving Northeastern.
During Calhoun's first season in Storrs, Cliff Robinson and Phil Gamble, the team's two best players, were declared academically ineligible just as the Big East schedule was about to begin.
"I thought everything was here but I didn't know if the school was going to help us," Calhoun said.
He met with then-president John Casteen, who assured him adequate academic support would be in place in the future.
"I probably had doubts for about two hours a day for about a week," Calhoun said. "Other than that, I just tried to stay in the moment."
Calhoun also went back to his basketball life before UConn, when he would visit the old one-room Hall of Fame on the campus of Springfield College.
"This is a place where you aspire to be," Calhoun said. "Whether you put players in here or, in my case, the players put me in here, it's a game that has given so much to me and my family and to the players that I have had."
The big speech will come in September (and Calhoun says he has not started it).
But don't expect any new themes.
"I certainly haven't done everything the way I wanted to," Calhoun said. "But I always tried to show respect for the game and respect for coaches."


text:
function test(value, inlineValue, computedValue)
{
    if (value !== null)
        e.style.textDecorationColor = value;
    shouldBeEqualToString("e.style.textDecorationColor", inlineValue);
    computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(e, null);
    shouldBeEqualToString("computedStyle.textDecorationColor", computedValue);
    debug('');
}

description("Test to make sure text-decoration-color is computed properly.")

var testContainer = document.createElement("div");
testContainer.contentEditable = true;
document.body.appendChild(testContainer);

testContainer.innerHTML = '
hello world
';
debug("Ancestor should not inherit 'green' value from parent (fallback to initial value):")
e = document.getElementById('test-ancestor');
test(null, "", "rgb(0, 0, 0)");

debug("Parent should contain 'green':");
e = document.getElementById('test-parent');
test(null, "green", "rgb(0, 128, 0)");

testContainer.innerHTML = '
test
';
debug("JavaScript setter tests for valid, initial, invalid and blank values:");
e = document.getElementById('test-js');
shouldBeEmptyString("e.style.textDecorationColor");

debug("\nValid value 'blue':");
test("blue", "blue", "rgb(0, 0, 255)");

debug("Valid value '#FFFFFF':");
test("#FFFFFF", "rgb(255, 255, 255)", "rgb(255, 255, 255)");

debug("Valid value 'rgb(0, 255, 0)':");
test("rgb(0, 255, 0)", "rgb(0, 255, 0)", "rgb(0, 255, 0)");

debug("Valid value 'rgba(100, 100, 100, 0.5)':");
test("rgba(100, 100, 100, 0.5)", "rgba(100, 100, 100, 0.5)", "rgba(100, 100, 100, 0.5)");

debug("Valid value 'hsl(240, 100%, 50%)':");
test("hsl(240, 100%, 50%)", "rgb(0, 0, 255)", "rgb(0, 0, 255)");

debug("Valid value 'hsla(240, 100%, 50%, 0.5)':");
test("hsla(240, 100%, 50%, 0.5)", "rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5)", "rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5)");

debug("Initial value:");
test("initial", "initial", "rgb(0, 0, 0)");

debug("Invalid value (ie. 'unknown'):");
test("unknown", "initial", "rgb(0, 0, 0)");

debug("Empty value (resets the property):");
test("", "", "rgb(0, 0, 0)");

debug("Empty value with different 'currentColor' initial value (green):")
e.style.color = 'green';
test("", "", "rgb(0, 128, 0)");

document.body.removeChild(testContainer);


text:
Q: How to call a static string using loops from another java class i have two java class under same project  Cf.java
and CommonData.java
In general if i need to cal a static String (say p1 )from CommonData.java, i can do it by typing the below statement in Cf.class
 String needed_string = CommonData.p1;

i have many values like p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6. The logic used below doesnt work. pls help me in alternative solution
int counter;

for(counter=0;counter<=6;counter++)
{
String needed_string = CommonData.p(counter);

}

A: Can you populate a String[] with the common data, and then use your for loop?
String[] commonData = {CommonData.p1, CommonData.p2,.........};
int counter;

for(counter=0;counter<=6;counter++)
{
String needed_string = commonData[counter];

}


Chimney Sweep based in Scottish Borders. All Appliances eg- Open Fires, Stoves, Biomass Boilers etc. Cowls Supplied and Fitted. Cctv Inspection carried out on request. Replacement rope seal for various appliances.