here are two erroneous views held respecting the character of the Sermon on the Mount. The first may be called an error of worldly-minded men, the other an error of mistaken religionists. Worldly-minded men-men, that is, in whom the devotional feeling is but feeble-are accustomed to look upon morality as the whole of religion; and they suppose that the Sermon on the Mount was designed only to explain and enforce correct principles of morality. It tells of human duties and human proprieties, and an attention to these, they maintain, is the only religion which is required by it. Strange, my Christian brethren, that men whose lives are least remarkable for superhuman excellence, should be the very men to refer most frequently to those sublime comments on Christian principle and should so confidently conclude from thence, that themselves are right and all others are wrong. Yet so it is.
The other is an error of mistaken religionists. They sometimes regard the Sermon on the Mount as if it were a collection of moral precepts, and consequently, strictly speaking, not Christianity at all. To them it seems as if the chief value, the chief intention of the discourse, was to show the breadth and spirituality of the requirements of the law of Moses; its chief religious significance, to show the utter impossibility of fulfilling the law, and thus to lead to the necessary inference that justification must be by faith alone. And so they would not scruple to assert that, in the highest sense of that term, it is not Christianity at all, but only preparatory to it-a kind of spiritual Judaism; and that the higher and more developed principles of Christianity are to be found in the writings of the apostles. Before we proceed further, we would remark here that it seems extremely startling to say that He who came to this world expressly to preach the Gospel, should, in the most elaborate of all His discourses, omit to do so: it is indeed something more than startling, it is absolutely revolting, to suppose that the letters of those who spoke of Christ, should contain a more perfectly-developed, a freer and fuller Christianity than is to be found in Christ's own words.
Now you will observe that these two parties, so opposed to each other in their general religious views, are agreed in this-that the Sermon on the Mount is nothing but morality. The man of the world says-"It is morality only, and that is the whole of religion." The mistaken religionist says "It is morality only, not the entire essence of Christianity." In opposition to both these views, we maintain that the Sermon on the Mount contains the sum and substance of Christianity-the very chief matter of the Gospel of our Redeemer.
It is not, you will observe, a pure and spiritualized Judaism; it is contrasted with Judaism again and again by Him who spoke it. Quoting the words of Moses, He affirmed, "So was it spoken by them of old time, but I say unto you-" For example, "Thou shalt not forswear thyself, but shalt perform unto the Lord thine oaths." That is Judaism. "But I say unto you, Swear not at all, but let your yea be yea, and your nay nay." That is Christianity. And that which is the essential peculiarity of this Christianity lies in these two things. First of all, that the morality which it teaches is disinterested goodness-goodness not for the sake of the blessing that follows it, but for its own sake, and because it is right. "Love your enemies," is the Gospel precept. Why?-Because if you love them you shall be blessed; and if you do not, cursed? No; but "Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you, that ye may be the children of"-that is, may be like-"your Father which is in heaven. "The second essential peculiarity of Christianity-and this, too, is an essential peculiarity of this Sermon, is that it teaches and enforces the law of self-sacrifice. "If thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out; if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off." This, brethren, is the law of self-sacrifice-the very law and spirit of the blessed cross of Christ.
How deeply and essentially Christian, then, this Sermon on the Mount is, we shall understand if we are enabled in any measure to reach the meaning and spirit of the single passage which I have taken as my text. It tells two things-the Christian aim and the Christian motive.
II. The Christian motive-because it is right and Godlike to be perfect.
I. The Christian aim is this-to be perfect. "Be ye therefore perfect." Now distinguish this, I pray you, from mere worldly morality. It is not conformity to a creed that is here required, but aspiration after a state. It is not demanded of us to perform a number of duties, but to yield obedience to a certain spiritual law. But let us endeavor to explain this more fully. What is the meaning of this expression, "Be ye perfect?" Why is it that in this discourse, instead of being commanded to perform religious duties, we are commanded to think of being like God? Will not that inflame our pride, and increase our natural vainglory? Now the nature and possibility of human perfection, what it is and how it is possible, are both contained in one single expression in the text, "Even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect." The relationship between father and son implies consanguinity, likeness, similarity of character and nature. God made the insect, the stone, the lily, but God is not the Father of the caterpillar, the lily, or the stone.
When, therefore, God is said to be our Father, something more is implied in this than that God created man. And so when the Son of Man came proclaiming the fact that we are the children of God it was in the truest sense a revelation. He told us that the nature of God resembles the nature of man, that love in God is not a mere figure of speech, but means the same thing as love in us, and that Divine anger is the same thing as human anger divested of its emotions and imperfections. When we are commanded to be like God, it implies that God has that nature of which we have already the germs. And this has been taught by the incarnation or the Redeemer. Things absolutely dissimilar in their nature can not mingle. Water can not coalesce with fire-water can not mix with oil. If, then, humanity and divinity were united in the person of the Redeemer, it follows that there must be something kindred between the two, or else the incarnation had been impossible. So that the incarnation is the realization of man's perfection.
But let us examine more deeply this assertion, that our nature is kindred with that of God-for if man has not a nature kindred to God's, then a demand such as that, "Be ye the children of"-that is, like-"God," is but a mockery of man. We say, then, in the first place, that in the truest sense of the word man can be a creator. The beaver makes its hole, the bee makes its cell; man alone has the power of creating. The mason makes, the architect creates. In the same sense that we say God created the universe, we say that man is also a creator. The creation of the universe was the Eternal Thought taking reality. And thought taking expression is also a creation. Whenever, therefore, there is a living thought shaping itself in word or in stone, there is there a creation. And therefore it is that the simplest effort of what we call genius is prized infinitely more than the most elaborate performances which are done by mere workman-ship, and for this reason: that the one is produced by an effort of power which we share with the beaver and the bee, that of making, and the other by a faculty and power which man alone shares with God.
Here, however, you will observe another difficulty. It will be said at once, There is something in this comparison of man with God which looks like blasphemy, because one is finite and the other infinite-man is bounded, God boundless; and to speak of resemblance and kindred between these two, is to speak of resemblance and kindred between two natures essentially different. But this is precisely the argument which is brought by the Socinians against the doctrine of the incarnation; and we are bound to add that the Socinian argument is right, unless there be the similarity of which we have been speaking. Unless there be something in man's nature which truly and properly partakes of the Divine nature, there could be no incarnation, and the demand for perfection would be a mockery and an impossibility.
The Scribes and Pharisees were the strictest observers of the ceremonies of the Jewish religion, "touching the righteousness which is by the law" they were blameless, but yet they wanted something more than that, and they were found on the brink of Jordan imploring the baptism of John, seeking after a new and higher state than they had yet attained to-a significant proof that man can not be satisfied with his own works. And again, there is not one of us who has ever been satisfied with his own performances. There is no man whose doings are worth any thing, who has not felt that he has not yet done that which he feels himself able to do. While he was doing it, he was kept up by the spirit of hope; but when done the thing seemed to him worthless. And therefore it is that the author can not read his own book again, nor the sculptor look with pleasure upon his finished work. With respect to one of the greatest of all modern Sculptors, we are told that he longed for the termination of his earthly career, for this reason-that he had been satisfied with his own performance: satisfied for the first time in his life. And this expression of his satisfaction was but equivalent to saying that he had reached the goal beyond which there could be no progress. This impossibility of being satisfied with his own performances is one of the strongest proofs of our immortality-a proof of that perfection towards which we shall forever tend, but which we can never attain.
A second trace of this infinitude in man's nature we find in the infinite capacities of the soul. This is true intellectually and morally. With reference to our intellectual capacities, it would perhaps be more strictly correct to say that they are indefinite, rather than infinite; that is, we can affix to them no limit. For there is no man, however low his intellectual powers may be, who has not at one time or another felt a rush of thought, a glow of inspiration, which seemed to make all things possible, as if it were merely the effect of some imperfect organization which stood in the way of his doing whatever be desired to do. With respect to our moral and spiritual capacities, we remark that they are not only indefinite, but absolutely infinite. Let that man answer who has ever truly and heartily loved another. That man knows what it is to partake of the infinitude of God. Literally, in the emphatic language of the Apostle John, he has felt his immortality-"God in him, and he in God." For that moment, infinitude was to him not a name, but a reality. He entered into the infinite of time and space, which is not measured by days, or months, or years, but is alike boundless and eternal.
Again: we perceive a third trace of this infinitude in man, in the power which he possesses of giving up self. In this, perhaps more than in any thing else, man may claim kindred with God. Nor is this power confined to the best of mankind, but is possessed, to some extent at least, by all. There is no man, how low soever he may be, who has not one or two causes or secrets, which no earthly consideration would induce him to betray. There is no man who does not feel towards one or two at least, in this world, a devotion which all the bribes of the universe would not be able to shake. We have heard the story of that degraded criminal who, when sentence of death was passed upon him, turned to his accomplice in guilt, in whose favor a verdict of acquittal was brought in, and in glorious self-forgetfulness exclaimed-"Thank God, you are saved!" The savage and barbarous Indian, whose life has been one unbroken series of cruelty and crime, will submit to a slow, lingering, torturing death, rather than betray his country. Now, what shall we say to these things? Do they not tell of an indestructible something in the nature of man, of which the origin is Divine?-the remains of a majesty which, though it may be sullied, can never be entirely lost?
Before passing on let us observe, that were it not for this conviction of the Divine origin, and consequent perfectibility of our nature, the very thought of God would be painful to us. God is so great, so glorious, that the mind is overwhelmed by, and shrinks from, the contemplation of His excellence, unless there comes the tender, ennobling thought that we are the children of God, who are to become like our Father in heaven, whose blessed career it is to go on in an advance of love and duty towards Him, until we love Him as we are loved, and know Him almost as we are known.
II. We pass on, in the second place, to consider the Christian motive-"Even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect." Brethren, worldly prudence, miscalled morality, says-"Be honest; you will find your gain in being so. Do right; you will be the better for it-even in this world you will not lose by it." The mistaken religionist only magnifies this on a large scale. "Your duty," he says, "is to save your soul. Give up this world to have the next. Lose here, that you may gain hereafter. "Now this is but prudence, after all-it is but magnified selfishness, carried on into eternity-none the more noble for being eternal selfishness. In opposition to all such sentiments as these, thus speaks the Gospel-"Be ye perfect." Why? "Because your Father which is in heaven is perfect." Do right, because it is Godlike and right so to do. Here, however, let us be understood. We do not mean to say that the Gospel ignores altogether the personal results of doing right. This would be unnatural-because God has linked together well-doing and blessedness. But we do say that this blessedness is not the motive which the Gospel gives us. It is true the Gospel says-"Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth; blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy; blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness, for they shall be filled." But when these are made our motives-when we become meek in order that we may inherit here-then the promised enjoyment will not come. If we are merciful merely that we may ourselves obtain mercy, we shall not have that indwelling love of God which is the result and token of His forgiveness. Such was the law and such the example of our Lord and Master.
In conclusion we observe, there are two things which are to be learned from this passage. The first is this, that happiness is not our end and aim. It has been said, and has since been repeated as frequently as if it were an indisputable axiom, that "happiness is our being's end and aim." Brethren, happiness is not our being's end and aim. The Christian's aim is perfection, not happiness, and every one of the sons of God must have something of that spirit which marked their Master; that holy sadness, that peculiar unrest, that high and lofty melancholy which belongs to a spirit which strives after heights to which it can never attain.
The second thing we have to learn is this, that on this earth there can be no rest for man. By rest we mean the attainment of a state beyond which there can be no change. Politically, morally, spiritually, there can be no rest for man here. In one country alone has that system been fully carried out which, conservative of the past, excludes all desire of progress and improvement for the future: but it is not to China that we should look for the perfection of human society. There is one ecclesiastical system which carries out the same spirit, looking rather to the Church of the past than to the Church of the future; but it is not in the Romish that we shall find the model of a Christian Church. In Paradise it may have been right to be at rest, to desire no change; but ever since the Fall, every system that tends to check the onward progress of mankind is fatally, radically, curelessly wrong. The motto on every Christian banner is "Forward." There is no resting in the present, no satisfaction in the past.


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text:
Q: iOS 5 : bug with loadHTMLString with style I have these lines of code:
NSString *html = [NSString stringWithFormat:
    @"
%@
</body", fontSize, thePage];
mailBody.text = thePage;
[self.page loadHTMLString:html baseURL:nil];

Styling didn't take any effect at all. So, direction isn't set, color is black instead of red and the font-size isn't set to the number I put in the variable. Yet, it's working in pre iOS 5.

A: There is a problem in your HTML
USE THIS
NSString* html = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"
%@
",fontSize,thePage];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Friday - date night and birthday surprise. And my husband didn't disappoint. He had clues with little rhymes in it. When I solved the clue and guessed where we were headed, I'd get another envelope with a gift card to the store we were going to. And I got to shop. For me. Without the girls. It was fun and hard! I feel like I have a million things I want but don't buy myself until I have free reign of Target and then I can't come up with anything!! Ha. I got some new clothes from Target, a pair of ankle boots from DSW and then we had dinner at Buffalo Wild Wings (my favorite casual restaurant) and then dessert at Coldstone Creamery. Such a fun night with lots of surprises and effort from my husband. He even tried on shoes and bought two pair. That made me almost as happy as buying stuff for me. He never shops and never buys himself anything. The last time we bought him shoes was probably 4 or 5 years ago. Crazy!!
Saturday - we did a lot of driving and got to a pumpkin patch. The weather cooperated and I think my sister in law got some great shots of M for her first birthday pictures. I got some good ones with just my phone so I'm guessing hers are even better. The pumpkins were almost gone but we enjoyed the wagon ride and found some small pumpkins. Then we wandered through the corn maze and bought some local syrup. Fun time on the farm. We headed home for late naps for the girls. J watched the MSU vs UM game. I didn't watch much. I was trying to get stuff done while the girls slept plus my team was getting creamed!!
Today I tried a new pumpkin muffin recipe from my new cookbook. I didn't love it. Not sweet enough for me but both girls ate one without complaint. My husband said "They taste healthy." Then we headed to church and the girls have been napping ever since. I'm getting inside stuff done while J is doing yardwork. It is sunny and 60 out so I'm excited for the girls to get up so we can play outside and enjoy this beautiful fall weather before it is gone.


Born and raised in Chicago, Honey Dijon has carved herself a firm place in the world of electronic music with stunningly instinctive and genre-transcending sets. While musically raised on a vast collection of mixtapes and underground parties, as well as her parents' record collection, it's in the flesh that she truly unleashes her power. This is why you need to see her DJ this Thursday.
Honey Redmond grew up on the South Side of Chicago at the height of the city's house music heritage. Today she's better known as Miss Honey Dijon, a genre-busting DJ embraced by the fashion world and credible clubbers alike. Entering the electronic scene at the apex of Chicago house and moving to New York City during the height of the pre-Giuliani nightlife boom, Honey was able to not only witness the greats in action but also, more importantly, learn from them and befriend them. Introduced to the great Derrick Carter by her sister's friend, the DJ was to become not only a great friend but was integral to her own development and entrance onto the scene.
While NYC, and those Honey would meet in the city, were to play an integral part in her artistic development, the segregation within the electronic scene was to be a shock to the system after experiencing the cross-pollination of Chicago. Rather than becoming swamped in a sea of music that did not seem to satisfy, and missing the inclusivity of the Chicago scene, Honey set out to change this. Beginning to DJ therefore out of the necessity to break the musical barriers set in place by the gentrification of New York's electronic scene, Honey Dijon confirmed her place as a DJ who could really rock a—diverse—party.
However, it's not merely as a DJ that Honey Dijon has demonstrated her talent and chameleon-like musical voice. She has also become a producer of great standing, releasing tracks both as solo projects and as collaborations. Her latest release, Best of Both Worlds, is a true marvel, transcending boxes and seamlessly interweaving the signatures of those she collaborated with in the process. Nevertheless, born from the art and culture of being a DJ, Honey would always consider herself a DJ before a producer and, indeed, it's on the dance floor that her music fully comes alive.
As a transgender member of the electronic community, Honey is an active and high-demand advocate and speaker, constantly questioning issues concerning gender, LGBTQ+ inclusivity and identity within the club circuit. Vocal about the extent to which anything non-heteronormative tends to fall under the same umbrella in a scene dominated by white, male, heteronormative figures, she fights for the most current and important issues in electronic music.
Additionally, Honey Dijon has always been active at the intersection of fashion and music, recently producing the soundtrack for—another—Louis Vuitton menswear show. Having worked alongside British designer Kim Jones and being featured in The Gentlewoman and The New York Times' style section, among others, her connection to fashion remains ever-present. Falling in love with fashion at a young age through the issues of Vogue and GQ that used to lay around at her uncle's tailor shop, fashion's space for personal expression is something that Honey has always been drawn to.


text:
Q: PowerPoint and WPF I really need a way of loading a .ppt document in my wpf application. Can anyone give me a hint, code sample?

A: Checkout the following discussion thread. Also Dr.WPF got an interesting article that might help you as well: Hosting Office in WPF Application
However consider license costs will be quite high for your scenario...

A: According to this artice the DSO Framer is no longer supported. Have to look for something else.

A: You may need to elaborate a bit more on your particular need to get a practical answer.
I don't think hosting PowerPoint (ppt) is a good option because it requires ppt to be installed on the target machine.... and if the target machine has ppt then you can use its API to save the document as HTML and open it in a WebBrowser control.
If the target machine doesn't have powerpoint you may look into some online file conversion service and try hooking up there to convert to HTML and still use WebBrowser control.
I definitely don't recommend wasting your time with DSOFramer - it's very unstable at best and it will just feel like you're one step away from making it work for a while but it doesn't work.
Another option is of course to write your own parser for ppt files, the OfficeOpenXML version of the files is definitely "parseable". I've done that for Word docx and it's relatively easy to get the course data out of the document - say shapes, text... - but the devil there is in the details. There are a zillion little features to implement.


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text:
THIRD DIVISION
[ G.R. No. 183641, April 22, 2015 ]
BENJAMIN GUERRERO, PETITIONER, VS. DIRECTOR, LAND MANAGEMENT BUREAU, FLORANTE EDWARD R. BENITEZ, PROJECT EVALUATION OFFICER III, LEGAL DIVISION; AND HEIRS OF MARCELO BUSTAMANTE, REPRESENTED BY CORA Z. BUSTAMANTE, RESPONDENTS.
PERALTA, J.:
Before the Court is a petition/complaint to cite respondents for contempt for alleged forum shopping.
The facts of the case follow.
Petitioner Benjamin Guerrero obtained a miscellaneous sales patent and, eventually, an Original Certificate of Title (OCT) over a parcel of land located at Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.[1] The title OCT No. 0-28, covering 174 square meters, was issued in his name by the Register of Deeds of Quezon City on August 27, 1982.[2]
The issuance of the title, however, became the subject of a Protest by Angelina Bustamante (now deceased),[3] the wife of Marcelo Bustamante (also deceased), before the then Director of Lands.[4] The ground of the protest was the title's alleged encroachment on the area subject of Marcelo's own patent application.[5]
The protest by Bustamante was initially dismissed by the Director of Lands, and was similarly dismissed in subsequent appeals to the Ministry of Natural Resources[6] and the Office of the President. The latter office rendered its dismissal in a Decision dated October 10, 1986.[7]
However, on the motion for reconsideration filed by Angelina Bustamante, the Office of the President, on October 30, 1987, ordered the case remanded to the Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) for the conduct of an ocular investigation and resurvey of the disputed area.[8] Then, in another Order dated January 10, 1989, the Office of the President directed the DENR to "take action" for the correction of the technical description of the property covered by OCT No. 0-28, based on the findings of the ocular investigation and relocation survey.[9]
Thus, on November 7, 1989, following the Order of the Office of the President, the Director of Lands filed a Petition for Amendments of the Plan and Technical Description of OCT No. 0-28 in the name of Benjamin Guerrero with the Regional Trial Court (ETC) of Quezon City.[10]
On July 13, 1995, the RTC of Quezon City, Branch 77, rendered its Decision dismissing the petition for lack of basis and merit.[11]
The dismissal was appealed by the Director of Lands to the Court of Appeals, but the latter court, in a Decision dated February 12, 1998, affirmed the RTC's decision.[12]
Thus, the case was elevated to this Court.
Then, this Court, in its Decision in Republic of the Philippines v. Benjamin Guerrero,[13] dated March 28, 2006, affirmed the decisions of the Court of Appeals and the RTC dismissing the petition of the government based on the protest filed by Bustamante. In that case, it was held that there was no proof that the titleholder, Benjamin Guerrero, employed fraud in obtaining his title, OCT No. 0-28.
Undeterred by the final decision of this Court, however, herein private respondents heirs of Marcelo Bustamante, this time represented by Cora Bustamante, on February 1, 2007, filed another Protest with the Land Management Bureau (LMB),[14] DENR, to again question Guerrero's title. The protest alleges that the title in Guerrero's name covers 83 square meters on which the house of Marcelo is standing.[15] Again, the heirs of Bustamante claim that "fraud, strategy, stealth and intent to defraud" was employed by Guerrero in causing the survey of the land and the eventual issuance of his title.[16] The alleged "fraud and misrepresentation" is supposedly a ground for the cancellation of Guerrero's title.[17] Ultimately, the protest prays "that OCT No. 0-28 issued to Benjamin Guerrero be cancelled," among other reliefs that the LMB may issue.[18]
Acting on the protest, respondent LMB, through Director Arthus T. Tenazas, effectively gave due course to the same, through an Order of Investigation dated May 9, 2007, stating as follows:
It appears that a verified protest in due form and substance filed by herein protestant Marcelo Bustamante, represented by Cora Z. Bustamante, constitute (sic) a valid cause of action against the herein respondent Benjamin Guerrero who was issued an Original Certificate of Title (OCT) No. 0-28, by virtue of a Miscellaneous Sales Patent No. 8991, by the then Bureau of Lands on August 16, 1982, covering a parcel of land particularly described as Lot No. 3, of plan Bsd-13-000776, located at Pugad Lawin Drive, Barangay Bahay Toro, Project 8, Quezon City.
It appears that on March 28, 2006, the Supreme Court promulgated its decision in G.R. No. 133168, entitled, Republic of the Philippines as petitioner, versus Benjamin Guerrero as respondent, upholding the issue on the "indefeasibility of the title" issued in favor of respondent Guerrero, citing as basis Act No. 496, otherwise known as the Land Registration Act of 1903, and not on the technical aspect of the case;
That based on existing records, it is certain that the land subject of this controversy is a public land. Hence, it is well within the sole, exclusive and original jurisdiction of the Director of Lands to investigate pursuant to the provision of Section 91, of Commonwealth Act No. 141, as amended, otherwise known as the "Public Land Act;" and
That protestant has paid the required protest fee.
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing premises, Mr. FLORANTE EDWARD R. BENITEZ, Project Evaluation Officer III, of the Legal Division, is hereby directed to conduct the desired investigation pursuant to standing rules and regulations provided for under Lands Office Circular No. 68, dated August 28, 1975, to ascertain, whether or not there is a valid and sufficient ground to warrant the institution of a legal proceeding before the Courts by the Office of the Solicitor General. He shall submit his report and recommendation upon termination thereof for the early resolution and/or disposition of the case.
SO ORDERED.[19]
Following the above directive, the Hearing Officer, Florante Edward R. Benitez, ordered the parties to file their respective position papers, to wit:
Pursuant to the provisions of Executive Order no. 26, dated October 7, 1992, "Prescribing Procedures and Sanctions to Ensure Speedy Disposition of Administrative Cases," and in view of the agreement made by the parties during the preliminary conference held last January 16, 2008, where earnest efforts .towards a compromise agreement failed, the parties are hereby directed to submit within ten (10) days from receipt hereof, their respective position, papers and draft decisions which will form the basis of our decision/resolution of the above-entitled case.
Hence, the present petition/complaint praying for the respondents to be held in indirect contempt on the ground of forum shopping.
Meanwhile, herein petitioner Guerrero has also filed a Complaint for ejectment with damages with the Metropolitan Trial Court (MeTC) of Quezon City praying for the eviction of private respondents from the subject property.
The petition is granted. There was forum shopping and for this reason, private respondents are hereby found liable for contempt of court.
An indicium of the presence of, or the test for determining whether a litigant violated the rule against forum shopping is where the elements of litis pendentia are present or where a final judgment in one case will amount to res judicata in the other case.[21]
For the case at bar, res judicata finds relevance considering that the protest filed by private respondents is subsequent to a final judgment rendered by this Court.
The time-honored principle is that litigation has to end and terminate sometime and somewhere, and it is essential to an effective administration of justice that once a judgment has become final, the issue or cause therein should be laid to rest.[22] Public policy and sound practice demand that at the risk of occasional errors, judgments of courts should become final at some definite date fixed by law.[23] The Latin maxim is: Interest reipublicae ut sit finis litium[24] It is held, further,
x x x This doctrine of finality of judgment is grounded on fundamental considerations of public policy and sound practice. In fact, nothing is more settled in .law than that once a judgment attains finality it thereby becomes immutable and unalterable. It may no longer be modified in any respect, even if the modification is meant to correct what is perceived to be an erroneous conclusion of fact or law, and regardless of whether the modification is attempted to be made by the court rendering it or by the highest court of the land.[25]
Similarly, under the basic principle of res judicata - which means "a matter adjudged; a thing judicially acted upon or decided; a thing or matter settled by judgment" - the rule is that a fmal judgment or decree on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction is conclusive of the rights of the parties or their privies in all later suits on points and matters determined in the former suit.[26] Such points or matters should not be litigated upon or invoked again as such relitigation merely burdens the courts and the taxpayers, creates uneasiness and confusion, and wastes valuable time and energy that could be devoted to worthier cases.[27]
Res judicata applies by way of, either (1) "bar by prior judgment" or (2) "conclusiveness of judgment."[28] For res judicata as a "bar by prior judgment" to apply, four (4) essential requisites must concur, to wit:
(a) finality of the former judgment;
(b) the court which rendered it had jurisdiction over the subject matter and the parties;
(c) it must be a judgment on the merits; and
(d) there must be, between the first and second actions, identity of parties, subject matter and causes of action.[29]
In the case at bar, the Court finds that the four requisites of res judicata as above-mentioned exist. To illustrate: First, the prior case of Republic v. Guerrero[30] has already attained finality and has not been altered nor reversed. Second, it was rendered by this Court in affirmation of the earlier decisions of the trial court and Court of Appeals, all of which have jurisdiction to hear and decide the case. Third, the judgment was.one on the merits, as it declared both the respective rights and duties of the parties based on disclosed facts,[31] and after the case had even undergone a fullblown trial. And fourth, the parties, subject matter and causes of action of both cases are the same, the parties in common being the protestants Bustamante or his heirs, on the one hand, and the protestee Guerrero on the other; the subject matter being the amendment or cancellation of Guerrero's title; and the cause of action being the alleged encroachment of Guerrero's titled property on property that allegedly belongs to the Bustamantes. All the aforementioned is evident through a simple reading of this Court's decision in Republic v. Guerrero[32] and the protest[33] currently pending with the LMB. Hence, in filing the said subsequent protest, private respondents Cora Bustamante and the heirs of Marcelo and Angelina Bustamante committed forum shopping.
The operation of res judicata or the fact of forum shopping is not even disputed nor directly addressed by the respondents in their comment to the petition.[34] They merely argue that the LMB "has the right and power" to investigate whether there was an encroachment on defendant's alleged property. The argument is misplaced, however, because the issue herein is not the right nor power of the LMB to conduct such investigations, but whether the private, respondents, through their predecessors, had already gone through an identical process which terminated in a final and executory decisionof this Court in the aforementioned case of Republic v. Guerrero.[35]
This Court finds that private respondents heirs of Bustamante, in filing their protest, are only repeating what had previously been done by their predecessor Angelina Bustamante.[36] The protest by Angelina with the Director of Lands was what started the process that ultimately led to the decision in Republic v. Guerrero,[37] a process that merely mirrors the currently pending protest of private respondents with public respondent LMB-DENR, the successor of the Bureau of Lands. Both protests essentially allege Guerrero's title's encroachment on the Bustamantes' alleged property. Both pray for the government to file a petition in court to question Guerrero's title. Both protests ultimately seek the amendment or cancellation of the title, for the allegedly fraudulent encroachment. Such matters, however, have long been examined, decided and settled with finality.
This move by private respondents is plain and simple forum shopping and deserves sanction from this Court.[38] Forum shopping is manifest whenever a party repetitively avails of several judicial remedies in different courts, simultaneously or successively, all substantially founded on the same transactions and the same essential facts and circumstances, and all raising substantially the same issues either pending in, or already resolved adversely by, some other court. Forum shopping is an act of malpractice as the litigants trifle with the courts and abuse their processes.[39] It degrades the administration of justice and adds to the already congested court dockets. An important factor in determining its existence is the vexation caused to the courts and the parties-litigants by the filing of similar cases to claim substantially the same reliefs.[40]
Forum shopping can be committed in three ways: (1) by filing multiple cases based on the same cause of action and with the same prayer, the previous case not having been resolved yet (which makes the cases susceptible to dismissal based on litis pendentia); (2) by filing multiple cases based on the same cause of action and the same prayer, the previous case having been finally resolved (which makes the subsequent case susceptible to dismissal based on res judicata); and (3) by filing multiple cases based on the same cause of. action, but with different. prayers (which amounts to splitting of causes of action, which renders the cases susceptible to dismissal on the ground of either litis pendentia or res judicata).[41]
To invoke res judicata as a test of whether forum shopping was committed, absolute identity of parties is not required. A substantial identity of parties is sufficient.[42] And there is substantial identity of parties when there is a community of interest between a party in the first case and that in the second one, even if the latter party was not impleaded in the first.[43]
There is identity of parties not only when the parties in the cases are the same, but also between those in privity with them, such as between their successors-in-interest.[44] Absolute identity of parties is not required, and where a shared identity of interest is shown by the identity of relief sought by one person in a prior case and the second person in a subsequent case, such was deemed sufficient.[45]
Private respondents in this case, as successors-in-interest of Marcelo and Angelina Bustamante, who initiated the first case that was ultimately decided by this Court as Republic v. Guerrero,[46] have a community of interest with the latter and, thus, meet the test of identity of parties. Private respondents are bound by the previous ruling under the criterion of "privity of interest."[47] They have no more right to reopen an already terminated case.
The act of private respondents of essentially repeating and a relitigation what has already been settled via the case filed by their predecessors-in-interest is forum shopping and is punishable by this Court. It amounts to direct contempt of court.[48]
But as for the public respondents, the contempt charge against them partakes of a civil character and may not prosper absent any clear accusation and showing of bad faith, malice or gross negligence. A contempt proceeding is held to be civil in nature when it is for the enforcement of some duty and when it is availed of as a remedy to preserve and enforce the rights of a private party to an action and to compel obedience to a judgment or decree intended to benefit such a party litigant.[49] The public respondents herein being public officers, they are presumed to have acted in the regular performance of their duty; therefore, they cannot be held civilly liable, unless contrary evidence is presented to overcome such presumption of regularity. Such contrary evidence include a clear showing of bad faith, malice or gross negligence.[50] In the case at bar, there was no allegation from the petitioner that public respondents acted with bad faith, malice or gross negligence; neither did he show nor present evidence of the same. Hence, the public respondents are absolved of any liability.
This Court has previously held persons in contempt of court for forum shopping and disobedience over a case that it had decided with finality.
In Heirs of De Leon v. Court of Appeals,[51] this Court held in both direct and indirect contempt of court some parties after they filed a Complaint for reconveyance, damages and quieting of title over the same subject property whose ownership had already been settled in a final and executory judgment of the Court. It was held that such parties' obstinate refusal to obey the Supreme Court's decision and their filing of a new complaint constitutes indirect contempt of court. The act also amounts to forum shopping, which constitutes direct contempt.
In Flores v. Abesamis,[52] a party-litigant who kept on filing numerous administrative and criminal charges against a judge over the same issues, even after such were consistently found without merit by higher courts, was found guilty of contempt of court.
In Spouses Oliveros v. Sison,[53] the complainants in an administrative case against a judge were found guilty of indirect contempt of court after they admitted failing to inform the Court of the fact that they had filed before the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari questioning the same order which was the basis of the said administrative case.
In Estate of Solto v. Palicte,[54] a lawyer was held in direct contempt of court for helping his clients file multiple suits in different venues while, in the process, disregarding the doctrine of res judicata.
Hence, in summary, the rule is that judgments by a court of competent jurisdiction, which have attained finality, are not subject to reversal, modification or alteration and are, thus, immutable, the only exceptions are: (1) the correction of clerical errors, (2) the so-called nunc pro tunc entries which cause no prejudice to any party, and (3) void judgments.[55] When a judgment has become final, the only action that needs to be done is the execution thereof.[56] Neither are these judgments to be disturbed on points or matters already adjudged on the merits.[57]
These principles of finality of judgment and res judicata are, in fact, embodied in the following provisions of Rule 39 of the Rules of Court:[58]
Section 1. Execution upon judgments or final orders. - Execution shall issue as a matter of right, or motion, upon a judgment or order that disposes of the action or proceeding upon the expiration of the period to appeal therefrom if no appeal has been duly perfected. (1a)
If the appeal has been duly perfected and finally resolved, the execution may forthwith be applied for in the court of origin, on motion of the judgment obligee, submitting therewith certified true copies of the judgment or judgments or final order or orders sought to be enforced and of the entry thereof, with notice to the adverse party.
The appellate court may, on motion in the same case, when the interest of justice so requires, direct the court of origin to issue the writ of execution.
Section 47. Effect of judgments or final orders. — The effect of a judgment or final order rendered by a court of the Philippines, having jurisdiction to pronounce the judgment or final order, may be as follows:
(a) In case of a judgment or final order against a specific thing, or in respect to the probate of a will, or the administration of the estate of a deceased person, or in respect to the personal, political, or legal condition or status of a particular person or.his relationship to another, the judgment or final order is conclusive upon the title to the thing, the will or administration or the condition, status or relationship of the person, however, the probate of a will or granting of letters of administration shall only be prima facie evidence of the death of the testator or intestate;
(b) In other cases, the judgment or final order is, with respect to the matter directly adjudged or as to any other matter that could have been missed in relation thereto, conclusive between the parties and their successors in interest by title subsequent to the commencement of the action or special proceeding, litigating for the same thing and under the same title and in the same capacity; and
(c) In any other litigation between the same parties or their successors in interest, that only is deemed to have been adjudged in a former judgment or final order which appears upon its face to have been so adjudged, or which was actually and necessarily included therein or necessary thereto.[59]
As a final note, it bears emphasis that res judicata exists as a rule of reason, justice, fairness, expediency, practical necessity, and public tranquility.[60] Public policy, judicial orderliness, economy of judicial time, and the interest of litigants, as well as the peace and order of society, all require that stability should be accorded judgments, that controversies once decided on their merits shall remain in repose, that inconsistent judicial decisions shall not be made on the same set of facts, and that there be an end to litigation which, without the doctrine of res judicata, would be endless.[61]
As a principle, res judicata stands upon two (2) grounds, namely: (1) public policy and necessity which makes it to the interest of the State that there should be an end to litigation; and (2) the hardship on the individual that he should be vexed twice for the same cause.[62]
Willful and deliberate violation of the rule against forum shopping is a ground for summary dismissal of the case and it may also constitute direct contempt of court.[63] Meanwhile, disobedience of or resistance to a lawful judgment of the Court is indirect contempt.[64] Direct contempt is punishable by a fine not exceeding two thousand pesos (Php2,000.00) or imprisonment not exceeding ten (10) days, or both, if committed against a Regional Trial Court or a court of equivalent or higher rank.[65] Indirect contempt, meanwhile, committed against a Regional Trial Court or a court of equivalent or higher rank is punishable with a fine not exceeding thirty thousand pesos (Php30,000.00) or imprisonment not exceeding six (6) months, or both.[66]
In conclusion, private respondents are hereby found guilty of direct contempt of court for forum shopping,[67] while public respondents, for lack of basis, are absolved of the charge of indirect contempt. In addition, although it is noted that private respondents' counsel, Atty. Vicente D. Millora, was not herein impleaded as respondent in the contempt charge, this Court finds in the record that he was the counsel who assisted private respondents in filing their second Protest with the LMB and, thus, likely aided in or facilitated the forum shopping. Following this court's ruling in Sotto v. Palicte, in which it was held that "the acts of a party or his counsel clearly constituting wilful and deliberate forum shopping shall be ground for the summary dismissal of the case with prejudice, and shall constitute direct contempt, as well as be a cause for administrative sanctions against the lawyer," this Court hereby orders Atty. Millora to show cause, in writing, within fifteen (15) days from receipt of this Decision, why he, too, should not be cited in direct contempt for forum shopping.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the petition is hereby PARTIALLY GRANTED and, accordingly, private respondents heirs of Marcelo Bustamante, represented by and including Cora Bustamante, are hereby found guilty of DIRECT CONTEMPT of court and collectively penalized with a FINE of TWO THOUSAND PESOS (Php2,000.00). The petition to cite public respondents for indirect contempt is DENIED.
Atty. Vicente D. Millora is DIRECTED to show cause, in writing, within fifteen (15) days from receipt of this Decision, why he, too, should not be cited in direct contempt for forum shopping.
SO ORDERED.
Velasco, Jr., (Chairperson), Villarama, Jr., Reyes, and Jardeleza, JJ., concur.
NOTICE OF JUDGMENT
Sirs / Mesdames:
Please take notice that on April 22, 2015 a Decision, copy attached hereto, was rendered by the Supreme Court in the above-entitled case, the original of which was received by this Office on June 23, 2015 at 9:46 a.m.
(SGD.)
WILFREDO V. LAPITAN
Division of Clerk of Court
[1] Rollo, pp. 4-5, 12.
[2] Id.at 4-5, 12-14.
[3] The Spouses Bustamante are the predecessors of private respondents Heirs of Marcelo Bustamante (represented by Cora Bustamante).
[4] Now the Director of the Land Management Bureau, per Executive Order No. 192 (June 10, 1987), Sec. 14.
[5] Rollo, p. 5.
[6] Now the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), also per EO No. 192, Sec. 2.
[7] Rollo, pp. 6, 17-26.
[8] Id. at 6, 115-116.
[9] Mat 6, 115-119.
[10] Id. at 6.
[11] Id. at 6, 27-35.
[12] Id. at 7, 36-42, 91-100.
[13] 520 Phil. 296 (2006).
[14] Formerly the Bureau of Lands.
[15] Rollo, pp. 7, 61-71.
[16] Id. at 64.
[17] Id. at 67-68.
[19] Id. at 7, 72.
[21] Brown-Araneta v. Araneta, G.R. No. 190814, October 9, 2013, 707 SCRA 222, 243-244, citing Ligon v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 127683, August 7, 1998, 294 SCRA 73, 99.
[22] So v. Court of Appeals, 415 Phil. 705, 711 (2001); Juani v. Alarcon, 532 Phil. 585, 604 (2006); Del Rosario, Jr. v. People, 525 Phil. 261, 269 (2006).
[23] De la Cruz v. Paras, 161 Phil. 715, 724 (1976).
[24] It is for the common good that there be an end to litigation.
[25] Juani v. Alarcon, supra note 22, citing Honoridez v. Mahinay, 504 Phil. 204, 213 (2005). (Emphasis ours)
[26] Mallion v. Alcantara, 536 Phil. 1049, 1054 (2006).
[27] Camara v. Court of Appeals, 369 Phil. 858, 865 (1999).
[28] Borra v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 167484, September 9, 2013, 705 SCRA 222, 236-237. The two concepts are distinguished, to wit:
There is "bar by prior judgment" when, as between the first case where the judgment was rendered and the second case that is sought to be barred, there is identity of parties, subject matter, and causes of action. In this instance, the judgment in the first case constitutes an absolute bar to the second action. Otherwise put, the judgment or decree of the court of competent jurisdiction on the merits concludes the litigation between the parties, as well as their privies, and constitutes a bar to a new action or suit involving the same cause of action before the same or other tribunal.
But where there is identity of parties in the first and second cases, but no identity of causes of action, the first judgment is conclusive only as to those matters actually and directly controverted and determined and not as to matters merely involved therein. This is the concept of res judicata known as "conclusiveness of judgment." Stated differently, any right, fact or matter in issue directly adjudicated or necessarily involved in the determination of an action before a competent court in which judgment is rendered on the merits is conclusively settled by the judgment therein and cannot again be litigated between the parties and their privies whether or not the claim, demand, purpose, or subject matter of the two actions is the same.
[29] Perez v. Court of Appeals, 502 Phil. 346, 364 (2005), citing Cartel v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 114275, July 7, 1997, 275 SCRA 97.
[30] Supra note 13.
[31] Luzon Development Bank v. Conquilla, 507 Phil. 509, 534 (2005).
[33] Rollo, pp. 61-69.
[34] Id. at 101-113, 221-226.
[36] The procedure that private respondents are following is pursuant to the following legal provisions:
1) Presidential Decree No. 1529, as amended, otherwise known as the Property Registration Decree, Sec. 103. "Whenever public land is by the Government alienated, granted or conveyed to any person, the same shall be brought forthwith under the operation of this Decree xxx After due registration and issuance of the certificate of title, such land shall be deemed to be registered land to all intents and purposes under this Decree."
2) Id., See. 108. "No erasure, alteration, or amendment shall be made upon the registration book after the entry of a certificate of title or of a memorandum thereon and the attestation of the same be Register of Deeds, except by order of the proper Court of First Instance (now Regional Trial Court)."
3) Commonwealth Act No. 141, Sec. 101. All actions for the reversion to the Government of lands of the public domain or improvements thereon shall be instituted by the Solicitor-General or the officer acting in his stead, in the proper courts, in the name of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
Further the Director of Lands has the authority to investigate whether title to alienable land was secured through fraud for purposes of a possible case for reversion. Republic v. De Guzman, 383 Phil. 151, 160-161 (2000).
[38] Garcia v. Sandiganbayan, 499 Phil. 589, 621 (2005), citing Gatmaytan v. Court of Appeals, 335 Phil. 155, 167 (1997).
[39] Air Materiel Wing Savings and Loan Association, Inc., v. Manay, 575 Phil. 591, 605 (2008).
[40] Heirs of Sotto v. Palicte, G.R. No. 159691, February 17, 2014, 716 SCRA 175, 178.
[41] Chua v. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Co., 613 Phil. 143, 153-154 (2009), citing Collantes v. Court of Appeals, 546 Phil. 391, 400 (2007); Ao-As v. Court of Appeals, 524 Phil. 645, 660 (2006).
[42] Heirs of De Leon v. Court of Appeals, 466 Phil. 6697, 713 (2004).
[43] Aromin v. Floresca, 528 Phil. 1165, 1190 (2006) citing Luzon Development Bank v. Conquilla, supra note 31, at 532.
[44] Estate of Sotto v. Palicte, 587 Phil. 586, 595 (2008), citing Crucillo v. Office of the Ombudsman, 552 Phil. 699, 717 (2007).
[45] Id., citing Valencia v. RTC of Quezon City, Br. 90, 262 Phil. 938, 949 (1990).
[47] Heirs of De Leon v. Court of Appeals, supra note 42.
[48] RULES OF COURT, Rule 7, Sec. 5.
[49] Remman Enterprises Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107671, February 26, 1997; Rosario Textile Mills Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 137326, August 25, 2003.
[50] Suarez v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 131077, August 07, 1998, citing REVISED ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, Book I, Chapter 9, Sees. 38 and 39, to wit:
Sec. 38. Liability of Superior Officers. - (1) A public officer shall not be civilly liable for acts done in the performance of his official duties, unless there is a clear showing of bad faith, malice or gross negligence.
Sec. 39. Liability of Subordinate Officers. - No subordinate officer or employee shall be civilly liable for acts done by him in good faith in the performance of his duties. However, he shall be liable for willful or negligent acts done by him which are contrary to law, morals, public policy and good customs even if he acted under orders or instructions of his superiors.
[55] Ramos v. Ramos, 447 Phil. 114, 119 (2003).
[56] National Sprituul Assembly of the Baha'is of the Philippines v. Pascual, G.R. No. 169272, July II, 2012, 676 SCRA 96, 105-106, citing Salting v. Velez, G.R. No. 181930, January 10, 2011, 639 SCRA 124, 13 1 and Tamayo v. People, 582 Phil. 306, 319 (2008).
[57] Republic v. Yu, 519 Phil. 391, 396 (2006).
[58] Moraga v. Spouses Somo, 532 Phil. 570, 577-578 (2006).
[59] Emphasis supplied.
[60] Villanueva v. Court of Appeals, 349 Phil. 99, 112 (1998), citing Am Jur. 2d, Vol. 46, 1969 Ed. pp 559-561.
[62] Garcia v. Philippine Airlines and/or Trinidad, 580 Phil. 155, 159-260 (2008).
[63] Madara v. Perello, 584 Phil. 613, 629 (2008); RULES OF COURT, Rule 7, Sec. 5.
[64] RULES OF COURT, Rule 71, Sec. 3(a).
[65] Id. at Sec. 1.
[67] Heirs of De Leon v. Court of Appeals, supra note 13, at 718.
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Posted on June 13, 2015 September 30, 2020 by Peter Krol
Al Hammadi: "UAE is leading global trends towards modern education systems"
UAE Minister of Education: "We will continue to integrate basic IT skills & digital literacy in school curriculum."
Ministry of Education's Assistant Undersecretary of Support Services: "Modern designs for schools & attractive learning environment for teachers, administrators & students."
UAE, June 9, 2015 – H.E. Hussain Al Hammadi, UAE Minister of Education, has announced that the five principles to unleash the potential of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) agreed upon at the International Conference on ICT and Post-2015 Education held recently in Qingdao, China, are the same as those guaranteed by the UAE's Constitution and Legislations. These principles are in line with the development strategy of UAE Vision 2021, the UAE National Agenda, and the Ministry's Education Development Plan 2015-2021.
H.E. Al Hammadi pointed out that since the declaration of the Union, the UAE has realized the value of five principles, namely, the right of education, equity, integration, quality education and lifelong learning, which formed the main themes of the conference. The UAE also realized early on and proactively that it is important and necessary that everyone gets good, equal and comprehensive education in order to build modern, sustainable, inclusive and knowledge-based societies.
H.E. Al Hammadi expressed his views at the conference where he headed a high-profile official delegation from the UAE that included H.E. Abdul Rahman Al Hammadi, Assistant Undersecretary of Support Services. The International Conference on ICT and Post-2015 Education was inaugurated by Liu Yandong, Vice-Premier of the State Council of China, in the presence of the Ministers of Education, a host of senior educational officials, experts and specialists representing over 90 countries.
Speaking on the occasion, H.E. Al Hammadi said that the global educational system is witnessing rapid transformations and long-term directives that are directly related to major advances in ICT, cognitive revolution, and the knowledge-economy society. This was evident throughout the conference, where various topics were discussed during the specialized panels. He emphasized that the UAE enjoys a leading position in terms of providing education systems that keep pace with the changing time as confirmed by UAE Vision 2021. The vision calls on the need to invest in science, technology and research at various levels with special emphasis on education and its development to provide students with the knowledge and skills of the 21st century to increase specialized scientific abilities in the present and the future.
H.E. Al Hammadi revealed that attendees focused on e-Learning, and the UAE, as it seeks to achieve the highest global competitive rates, talked about 'smart' learning and post smart learning. The country has also adopted a series of development programs that support this renewed type of education in its curricula, teaching methods, assessment and exam systems, infrastructure, and extracurricular activities. These, along with the support of an elite list of educators and administrators, will support the Ministry in developing a school environment that incubates creativity and innovation while stimulating ingenuity. These concepts have been adopted by the global education systems now and were revisited during the deliberations regarding the future of education and technology beyond 2015.
H.E. Al Hammadi confirmed that ICT for learning and other fields is no longer a specialized skill, but is the basis for success in modern societies. He noted that the Ministry of Education adopts what was affirmed by the conference about the importance of integrating basic ICT skills and digital literacy in the curriculum of primary and secondary schools. Moreover, it provides many unprecedented educational opportunities to enable Emirati students to use digital devices to enhance their familiarity with modern sciences, knowledge, and specialized research. Additionally, the Ministry focuses on developing students' administrative, educational and technical skills that will help them in utilizing knowledge to keep abreast with the latest technology by inventing smart teaching tools, reflecting the distinctive capabilities of the UAE's educational arena.
H.E. Al Hammadi pointed out that the UAE Ministry of Education, in cooperation with its strategic partners and institutions concerned with the education sector, is developing comprehensive National Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Systems in order to provide sound evidences to formulate policies on recruitment and use and measure the impact of ICT in education. He also added that through these joint efforts the Ministry aims to enhance the management of the educational system, ensuring compliance with the highest standards of educational practices and strengthening the planning, implementation and follow-up process, in addition to promoting sustainability concepts in education.
H.E. Abdul Rahman Al Hammadi, Assistant Undersecretary for Support Services, said: "The Ministry of Education is intensifying its efforts to create new opportunities to utilize all available capabilities which represent the core of the educational process and the backbone of development. These capabilities include human resources, infrastructure, educational equipments and tools, school facilities, auditing, evaluation, and follow-up systems along with other logistic factors that support the efforts to develop the education sector and achieve sustainability within school community."
He added: "The Ministry is focusing on providing professional development opportunities for teachers, administrators and staff in schools, as they are the pillars of the education sector. We believe that investing in human capital is of great significance due to its vital role and that its development requires the implementation of high-level educational practices as well as conformity with the highest standards of professionalism to ensure optimal management of the development process by qualified personnel. The Ministry looks forward to strengthening existing partnerships with leading consulting firms as well as with the universities and educational institutions in the UAE which can share their experience in implementing and supervising various training programs."
H.E. Abdul Rahman Al Hammadi stated that according to the China Conference, the requirements of educational development include good education, quality of educational services related to modern educational and service facilities, advanced equipments, and innovative educational techniques and technology. He said that these requirements are the most important elements for positively changing school operations. They are also effective tools for supporting the Ministry's objective of enhancing schools in the UAE and making them attractive for students, teachers and administrators.
"The Ministry has approved new designs that aim to develop modern schools in the UAE. We look forward to opening the new schools soon in line with our efforts to achieve the objective of our development plan and keep pace with global movements. The schools will include sustainable facilities developed according to the highest standards of Green Buildings, an institution developed in accordance with the special specifications of smart learning systems, as well as special-purpose facilities such as rooms for learning resources and enrichment activities. The modern schools will also include technical and scientific laboratories that are being developed in line with the requirements of advanced curricula and innovative teaching methods. The Open Classroom is one of the highlights of the modern schools, as they support the objectives of the educational development plan aimed at providing high-quality service and educational outcomes to enable students to enroll in the best universities in the UAE and abroad without prior preparation," H.E. Abdul Rahman Al Hammadi added.
H.E. Abdul Rahman Al Hammadi said that the Ministry is aiming to enhance the operational efficiency of schools in the UAE through a series of roles related to administrative and financial affairs, pointed out that the step will facilitate the educational process, meet the daily needs of the schools in accordance with the applicable regulations and in a flexible manner, to achieve the objectives of Q-Scale Project and other leading initiatives. The final statement of the conference emphasized the importance of encouraging lifelong learning, promoting innovative and advanced Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) methods, and supporting the concept of accountability. It also reflected the urgent need for adopting the principles and methods of online education, and activating the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in improving learning paths and enabling all segments of society, especially those with special needs, to gain access to educational services.
The statement also highlighted the significance of ICT-based innovative educational tools as main contributors in maximizing employment opportunities, especially in the fields that require certified skills.
CategoriesEducation in the UAE, Schools in Dubai, Schools in UAE, Study in UAE, UAE Ministry of Education
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Shopping In Your Driverless Rideshare & Other Things To Expect From Dx3 2018
February 27, 2018 February 26, 2018 by Naima Karp
Dx3 is Canada's largest annual digital marketing, retail, and advertising conference. This year, it's coming to Toronto on March 7th and 8th. But what exactly does a conference like this entail? It essentially merges the worlds of tech and consumerism in innovative and game-changing new ways by merging the diverse worlds of promising new start-ups with CEOs from established media and tech giants in a conference that's so much more than a networking opportunity.
Dx3's Director of Content Eric Mercer sat down to tell us a little more about what we can look forward to at the upcoming conference, and why you need to get your ticket ASAP – we even have promo codes and giveaways to make this rare opportunity more achievable.
Mercer has a background in marketing and tech and used his unique skill set to tackle the enterprising, creative conference that is Dx3. In the final days leading up the conference, his life looks like a lot of managing and improvising last-minute changes, very little sleep, and hands-on involvement with media and marketing.
Mercer initially found himself in the marketing world when he came out of school. He started at Proctor & Gamble, on the beauty and household sides of the business, working with brands like Gillette, Old Spice, and Tide. While he was there, social media was rapidly developing and changing businesses all over. "At a large company like P&G, they were still focusing primarily on things catering to an older mass market. I was just watching from the sidelines getting excited about the world of tech startups."
Eventually, he left and joined a start-up called "Stinson Design" that was created by a few of his ex P&G colleagues, and they worked with many other startups as well. He worked there for about a year, helping with funding, and building out a deck. This provided ample exposure to the tech worlds in all corners, from NYC to San Francisco, to here in Toronto. "That really opened my eyes to what folks were doing," Mercer explained.
It was during that journey that Mercer came across Dx3 and started to work with their speakers. He became close with the people running the conference, and when an opportunity presented itself, Mercer took a role and has been a valuable asset to the team and their mission ever since.
Dx3 encapsulates the experience of the modern shopper in a way that stands out from the rest. But who exactly is the modern consumer, and what are they looking for? "The modern-day shopper is really tech savvy. They like to shop both online and in store. Mobile plays a big role in that, and it will get even bigger as time goes on. The modern consumer craves the journey of an experience when it comes to how they relate to brands and retailers, as well as a truly personalized experience."
One of the key aspects of Dx3 is its ability to engage the consumer in an interactive way, as opposed to a traditional conference or symposium, as well as a distinct ability to find meaning within that interaction as opposed to being rooted in hype and sensationalism.
Mercer expands on this: "What's interesting about Dx3 versus other typical tech conferences here and in the states is that they deal mostly with the future. What will the future look like in 5 or 10 years when tech like the internet and augmented reality are more advanced? That's a totally worthwhile and important conversation to have, at Dx3 we're focused on the here and now, and we always have been. You want to come to a conference and learn from it – walk away with tangible takeaways and lessons you can take back to the office the next day. We want to equip conference-goers with tools. To create meaning and avoid sensationalism, we have great service providers, great installation and amazing displays that are happening around the world, like interactive in-store technology from the perspective of the consumer. A few years ago we had "Pepper the Robot", the world's first robotic in-store assistant as a fun and cool way for people to interact."
Dx3 Conference 2017
Tech has always existed, but every year we see more rapid developments and possibilities that reach new heights. This year, Dx3 goers will be treated to an exhibit on the show floor that goes to a bunch of different technology in the world of augmented and fixed reality.
"It will be a connected interactive popup store by Kinetic Commerce where you can get sneak peaks at innovations in in-store technology. This will include new payment systems, digitally connected change rooms where you can order a product to a fitting room, and ways of browsing collections or garments using a smart screen."
The key to being successful at Dx3 is keeping content boundary-pushing while still remaining accessible, and Mercer employs some tactics at Dx3 that help them excel at this.
"We try to find people that don't speak too often. For example this year, we'll have Tamir Bar-Haim, Country Manager at Amazon, Jeff Miller, Global Head of Creative Strategy from Snapchat and Leanne Gibson, Twitter Canada's Managing Director. Both the speakers from Amazon and Snapchat will be giving opening keynotes for the conference.
We try to get access to these brands that don't just talk the talk, but walk the walk. If you look at our roster of speakers this year, these are people that are out there really doing stuff and speaking from their years of experience. That's more engaging than having a conference with people who speak all the time. These folks, their principal role isn't giving talks, but doing what they're talking about on stage, which is a valuable perspective. In terms of being provocative, polarizing opinions are a good thing. For instance: last year, a speaker took a controversial stance on loyalty programs, stating that they don't work, and if he had the change to do things over again, he would have invested in different things".
To get the most out of the conference, Mercer suggests learning as much as you can from speakers, but also to put yourself out and network as much as possible. It's a refreshing chance to get out of the office and expand your network, meeting peers who face similar challenges.
Dx3 has taken the sterile essence of networking out of the equation and bring a more approachable alternative to the mix.
"We will actually have a dedicated cafe area on the show floor to get people out there – grab a coffee with potential clients and partners. We'll also be holding an opening night party, and after speaking sessions, a more casual interaction that's not as aggressive a tone as comparative networking events appear to take on.
The roster of those who attend the conference is always one filled with a dynamic range. It's just as essential to include big CEOs from Fortune 500 companies as it is to include young new startups that are new on the scene and leading innovation. The relationship between the two at a conference like this is like yin and yang, Mercer explains.
"First and foremost, these groups really want to meet each other. Some of the biggest reasons attendees come are because they want to see the young, fresh startups on the market. Large retailers and brands want to sponsor incubators and be a part of a startups growth – they see it as an investment. Large brands pay attention for this reason, and startups are looking for the exposure, so there's a great marriage between the two demographics".
But this whole new world of tech doesn't mean that more traditional brick-and-mortars will be shutting down. They'll just be merging with digital aspects.
"The narrative of last year and even now is this notion of "retail apocalypse" but it's just not the case. We're looking at an evolution. In commerce, digital and physical world are totally merging, though we once thought of them as separate. That journey is so intertwined and in-store experience still plays an important role. The biggest relevant examples include the cashier-less phenomenon of Amazon Go, a grocery store with no checkout and Roots Canada. Roots work with us and are coming out with new format stores, geared towards celebrating the brand heritage and Canada. They'll be participating in a conversation during the conference to reveal the new tech they're bringing forward and how it'll be incorporated into stores."
Even though the roster of attendees and speakers is filled with talent, there are a couple of newcomers that Mercer is excited about. Portl Media is one of them, and you can catch them on March 8th.
"Many startups are currently running out of Ryerson University's DMZ, Canada's top university business incubator and Portal operates out of that. Co-founder Wyatt Shaw will be speaking on the integration of marketing in new autonomous cars. These self-driving cars are coming faster than we think, and it's a new opportunity for advertising. In the current age of driving, you can't be distracted – it will endanger your life. But in the future of being driven, you can turn your attention to other things like work, and content consumption. With Tesla, we're seeing a lot of big screen in vehicles, and the idea is to serve ads in vehicles an ultimately give people the option to reroute if an ad speaks to them."
Portl is one step ahead, working on putting screens in the back of car services like Uber and Lyft, and if you click on an offer (which will be contextual to your route), you can actually re-route the car and redeem that offer. This could be a huge game-changer.
While the conference has too many simultaneous speakers and aspects to be completely live streamed, Dx3 will have Amber Mac set up a booth on the floor where she interviews some of the most innovative new startups.
"All of those interviews can be live-streamed on FB life and on her page as well, so if you're looking to get a feel for these companies, you can check it out on Facebook. Amber is confident and passionate about the power of live-streaming that she'll actually be doing a speaking session on that which you can catch on March 8th."
Dx3 is Canada's largest conference and trade show dedicated to digital marketing, advertising and retail. It brings brands, agencies, retailers and technology companies together for two days of networking and education, and we've got a pair of tickets to giveaway!
Can't wait to win it? Use code: PURSUIT425DX3 to get $125 off your All Access Pass for Dx3 2018
Categories Lifestyle Tags digital marketing, disruption, DX3, Eric Mercer, exclusive offer, Innovation, lyft, MTCC, offer code, Portal, Startup, tech, toronto digital marketing, toronto tech community, uber Post navigation
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Minot Air Force Base History
In the early 1950s, as the Cold War was warming up, military leaders feared a possible threat of a northern attack by enemy bombers. The city of Minot, North Dakota, sold the Air Force on becoming a site for a new base in 1954; the groundbreaking took place July 12, 1955, and construction started shortly after. The base started out as a Air Defense Command Base and the first unit was the 32nd Fighter Group, activated on Feb. 7, 1957.
B-52 Stratofortress
UH-1N Iroquois (Huey)
LGM-30G Minuteman III
Minot's FOIA Page
THE COMMAND CYBER READINESS INSPECTION
The Command Cyber Readiness Inspection is a comprehensive network inspection from April 3 to April 7. The CCRI is aimed at improving security of the Department of Defense Information Network and is conducted by Defense Information Systems Agency. CCRIs check our day-to-day ops. Preparations should be verification of what we do every day. The end goal is to slam the door on our adversaries.
To reach the Minot Air Force Base Main Directory, call: Commercial (701) 723-7979 or DSN: 453-7979.
To request Public Affairs support, please fill out an Air Force Form 833 and email to the Minot AFB Public Affairs workflow mailbox.
Unfortunately, we are not accepting marquee requests since our marquee board is down for an undetermined amount of time. Thank you for understanding.


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Bush & Dreghorn was a merchantman launched in 1798 at Leith. Between November 1800 and May 1801, she was one of 100–200 British merchantmen detained by the Imperial Russian Government in the Baltic. In 1812 a French privateer captured her as she was sailing as a transport, but the British Royal Navy recaptured her. She was wrecked in January 1815.

Career
Bush & Dreghorn first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1798 at Leith as Bush & Dughorn with R.Bruce, master, and A.Hill, owner.

Russian captivity: Emperor Paul I of Russia, in the context of the Second League of Armed Neutrality and the British Mediterranean campaign of 1798, on 18 November 1800 placed an embargo on all British shipping to Russia. The Russians seized over 100 British vessels in Russian ports, imprisoned some 4000–5000 crew members, and sequestrated some £1,500,000 in British property. Bush and Dreghorn was one of the vessels arrested.

The captains and crew of the detained vessels were to be distributed about the countryside in over a hundred towns from one to two thousand miles from Saint Petersburg. However, they did not have clothing suitable for the increasingly cold weather. The British Consul General in Russia, Stephen Shairp and the British merchants in Saint Petersburg arranged a relief effort. They gathered 40,000 rubles (each ruble being worth about 2s and 6d, so the amount was equal to £5,000). Each captain received 200 rubles (£25), for himself and up to ten men. Also, each man received a sheepskin coat, a sash (scarf), a hat, warm shoes, and two pair of stockings. The relief fund also provided for carts for most of the captains to carry their possessions and those of their men.

The embargo lasted until 28 May 1801, and disrupted the grain trade with the Baltic. This in turn led to the British Government's decision in November 1800 to send a naval force to the Baltic once ice and weather conditions permitted. It also led the British government to arrange for the British East India Company to charter almost 20 large vessels to import rice from Bengal.

On 4 October 1812  arrived at Plymouth with the French privateer Elconore of 14 guns and 80 men. Dotterell had captured Elconore the day before off the Isles of Scilly. Elconore had captured the transport Bush & Dreghorn, from Lisbon. Official records reported that Doterel had been in company with  and , that the privateer's name was Eleonore (or Leonore), and that she had been armed with 10 guns.

The Navy recaptured Bush & Dreghorn. There is no break in the brig's listing in Lloyd's Register or the Register of Shipping (RS).

The Register of Shipping for 1816 showed Bush & Dreghorn with J.Higgins, master, Peck, owner, and trade Bristol–Trinidad.

Fate
Bush & Dreghorn, Gelbert, master, was lost on 6 January 1815 near the "Tower of Montreuil" (or Tower of Montenil). She was on a voyage from Naples to Gallipoli, Apulia.

Notes

Citations

References

1798 ships
Ships built in Leith
Age of Sail merchant ships of England
Captured ships
Maritime incidents in 1815

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Museu d'art del Bolet
Museu d'art del Bolet Montmajor
Museu d'art del Bolet (Exterior Museu)
Museu d'art del Bolet (Exterior Nit)
Museu d'art del Bolet (Logo)
Museu d'art del Bolet (Interior Museu 2)
Museu d'art del Bolet (Interior Museu)
Museu d'art del Bolet (Botiga Museu)
Visit web	http://www.museudelbolet.cat/
Call649 78 84 83
Contact	museuartbolet@gmail.com
Plaça del mercat, 1.	Montmajor
The Montmajor Mushroom Art Museum is located in the municipality of Montmajor, in the center of the town, right in the Market Square, the true nerve center of a municipality with a scattered population that, as the name suggests, has this place the meeting point and meeting of its inhabitants and the place of celebration of the weekly market that takes place every Wednesday.
The access can be done by different secondary roads, although the easiest way to get there, whether coming from Berga or coming from Solsona, is through the Berga road in Solsona, C-149, entering by anyone of the two accesses to the urban helmet, accesses that come together in exactly this place of the Market, place of location of the Mushroom Art Museum.
This cultural facility occupies the premises of the old town hall, a building from the mid-20th century that was no longer used as the headquarters for the municipal offices of 1994, when the current City Hall building was inaugurated.
In total, the Montmajor Mushroom Art Museum incorporates 523 figures of mushrooms represented. These figures correspond to 33 families of different mushrooms, to 169 different species and incorporate 103 popular names of them. On the other hand, the explanatory panels show the edible character or not of each one of them, with a total of 80 edible mushrooms, 24 toxic ones, 6 edible toxic ones and 59 indifferent ones.
Saturdays, Sundays and holidays from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Closed on December 25, 26, January 1 and 6.
Outside these schedules the visits will always be arranged on the phone: 649788483
The general admission price is € 4.50 for adults, € 3 for retired people and children from 6 to 14 years old and children under 6 years old free admission.
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Route of the castles in Catalonia (a 12.2 km)
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Ruta Medieval in Bages (a 12.2 km)
Condal Pyrenees: a tour of the medieval… (a 12.2 km)
The battles of 1714 (a 12.2 km)
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