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Peter Paul Rubens (Siegen, Westfàlia, 28 de juny del 1577 – Anvers, 30 de maig del 1640), va ser un diplomàtic, i el pintor barroc més popular de l'escola flamenca. El seu estil exuberant emfatitzava moviment, color i sensualitat. Va tractar tota classe de temes pictòrics, de religió, d'història, de mitologia clàssica, escenes de caça, retrats, així com il·lustracions per a llibres i dissenys per a tapisseries. Va ser molt prolífic en la producció d'obres; es calcula que va arribar a pintar uns 3.000 quadres gràcies, en part, als membres del seu taller que, pel que sembla, treballaven en cadena. Van ser deixebles seus Jacob Jordaens i van Dyck. Dominava diverses llengües i va ser un gran humanista i un bon diplomàtic.

Context històric
Al , Anvers, la capital de Flandes, era un gran centre de negocis gràcies al seu important port, on arribaven mercaderies de tots els països. Els diners es guanyaven amb facilitat i es gastaven amb molta alegria, no solament en diversions sinó també en cultura, en obres d'art i en obres d'impremta, que es destinaven principalment a la importació.

La pintura a Anvers va seguir les noves tendències del Renaixement gràcies a les aportacions arribades d'Itàlia, que es van estendre per tots els Països Baixos. Dürer, en el seu viatge per aquestes terres de l'any 1520, va conèixer el pintor Quentin Metsys, Joachim Patinir i l'holandès Lucas van Leyden. L'art flamenc es va anar deixant influir pel manierisme i el realisme, que convivia amb la seva pròpia tradició. Amb l'arribada de Pieter Brueghel, aquest artista va saber mostrar una imatge més flamenca en les seves obres, referència des de la qual Rubens va construir una expressió pictòrica total innovadora, que conduiria a la genialitat del barroc.

Els Països Baixos estaven sota el domini espanyol, pel matrimoni de Felip el Bell amb Joana I de Castella i més tard pels seus hereus Carles V i, després de la seva abdicació el 1555, per Felip II. Ni el poble ni part de l'aristocràcia, amb Guillem de Nassau al capdavant, suportaven la dictadura de Felip II, cosa que va portar que, el 15 d'abril del 1566, presentessin a la governadora Margarida de Parma, nomenada per Felip II, una petició coneguda com el compromís dels Nobles, l'objectiu de la qual era la supressió de la Inquisició i la restauració de llibertats. Tot això estava promocionat pels calvinistes, els quals, aprofitant el conflicte que va suposar aquesta petició, van destruir esglésies, van profanar imatges i van incendiar pobles. Per aquesta revolta, la governadora va demanar ajut a Felip II, que va enviar el duc d'Alba. Aquest, l'any 1567, després d'unes batalles i de repressions ferotges, com ara el saqueig d'Anvers de 1576, va fer tornar la pau, i els calvinistes van fugir a Alemanya.

La Guerra de Flandes va concloure amb la independència de les Províncies Unides, però el territori on vivia Rubens va romandre sota dominació espanyola fins al tractat d'Utrecht del 1713, quan tornà a la branca austríaca dels Habsburg. Els seus artistes van treballar i van trobar els seus mecenes entre la monarquia i la reialesa espanyola, que va influir en les seves obres, especialment de temes religiosos i de batalles, així com de retrats. L'escola flamenca de pintura es va consolidar al sud dels Països Baixos, on l'Església catòlica va potenciar les més grans representacions del seu triomf com a religió, aquest triomf va tenir el seu més gran intèrpret en Rubens, que va ser un catòlic profundament creient.

Biografia

Primers anys i joventut
Va néixer a Siegen, Westfàlia (Alemanya). El seu pare, Jan Rubens, era un advocat calvinista d'Anvers (Brabant); l'any 1570, va haver de fugir per motius religiosos i es va refugiar a Colònia, a Rin del Nord-Westfàlia (Alemanya). En aquesta ciutat, l'antic regidor Jan Rubens, casat amb Maria Pypelynckx, va ser nomenat conseller jurídic de l'esposa de Guillem d'Orange, Anna de Saxònia. Guillem d'Orange abandonava sovint la seva muller per anar a la guerra, i eren les ocasions que aprofitava Jan per convertir-se en el seu amant. Després de dos o tres anys, el marit descobrí l'adulteri i ordenà l'empresonament de Jan Rubens al castell de Dillenburg, i va ser posat en llibertat després de dos anys de captiveri, amb el pagament d'una fiança i la imposició de residir a Siegen, una petita població a vuitanta quilòmetres de Colònia. Va ser allà on, després de ser perdonat per la seva esposa, van tenir el seu sisè fill, Peter Paul Rubens; corria l'any 1577. El 1578, davant la mort de la princesa Anna de Saxònia, se li permeté que pogués tornar a Colònia, on, possiblement, Rubens va començar la seva formació artística.

El 1589, dos anys després de la mort del marit, la seva mare va retornar a Anvers, es van convertir al catolicisme i ell va prosseguir amb la seva formació. Va estudiar llatí, alemany, castellà i francès amb Rombaut Verdonck, però les penúries econòmiques de la família el van obligar a abandonar els estudis i va entrar com a patge al servei de la comtessa de Lalaing. No se sap exactament en quines dates, però es creu que va tenir dos mestres de pintura, Adam van Noorth i Otho van Veen (Otto Venius), encara que no sembla que deixessin una empremta artística rellevant en el seu alumne.

No se sap gaire cosa sobre les primeres obres del pintor creades a Anvers. Se sap que havia fet còpies de pintures de Hans Holbein, de Dürer i de Tobias Stimmer. Al testament de la seva mare, Maria Pypelynckx, deia que llegava els seus retrats als seus fills, però que «tots els altres quadres, que són bonics, pertanyen a Peter, que els ha pintats». De les seves obres de joventut, n'existeix una d'un home de mig cos que té a la mà dreta un escaire i un compàs, i a la mà esquerra, subjectat per una cadena, un altre instrument sense identificar; se la coneix amb diversos títols: Retrat d'un jove savi, El rellotger i L'home de vint-i-sis anys. És una pintura a l'oli sobre una planxa de coure de petit format i que es troba en una col·lecció particular de Nova York; al seu dors porta la inscripció de «Petrus Paulus Rubens», i a la part del davant hi ha la data: «MDLXXXXVII», i l'edat del model: «Aetatis XXVI».

Va obtenir el grau de mestre al gremi de Sant Lluc. També als arxius comunals de la ciutat i amb data del 8 de maig del 1600 existeix un certificat de «bons costums i de bona salut» que l'artista va demanar per viatjar a Itàlia.

Viatge a Itàlia

El 1600 va estar a Venècia, on va obtenir el càrrec de pintor de la cort del duc de Màntua, Vicenç I Gonzaga. El seu càrrec li obligava a executar els retrats del duc i la seva família, copiar les pintures de grans artistes que desitgés el duc i tenir cura de la decoració dels seus palaus. Els Gonzaga tenien fama de ser uns grans amants de les arts i uns bons mecenes, de manera que Rubens es va trobar amb gran quantitat d'obres importants de grans mestres italians com Ticià, Correggio, Rafael, Tintoretto i Il Veronese; també alguns com Annibale Carracci i Caravaggio, considerats ja de l'incipient estil barroc.

Per ordre del seu mecenes, Rubens es traslladà a Roma per adquirir objectes antics i fer còpies d'altres pintors, amb una carta de recomanació amb data del 18 de juliol del 1601 que anava dirigida al cardenal Alexandre Montaldo, amb aquestes paraules: «a Peter Paul, flamenc, pintor de la meva cort, que envio al vostre costat per copiar i executar algunes obres de pintura...». A Roma se sap que va pintar tres quadres, encarregats per l'arxiduc Albert VII d'Àustria, regent dels Països Baixos, que havien de ser donats a la basílica de la Santa Creu de Jerusalem a Roma. Aquests quadres formaven part d'un tríptic que representava La invenció de la Santa Creu per santa Helena, la Coronació d'espines i lElevació de la creu. Allà, estudià l'art de l'antiga Roma i copià obres dels mestres italians; s'aprecia que el seu estil més madur està profundament influït per Ticià.

El 5 de març de 1603 va viatjar a Espanya en una missió diplomàtica; havia de lliurar uns regals enviats pel duc de Màntua al rei Felip III de Castella i al seu ministre el duc de Lerma. Durant la seva estada a Madrid, se li va encarregar diverses pintures sobre busts d'apòstols, actualment conservats al Museu del Prado. Entre aquestes obres, destaca el Retrat eqüestre del duc de Lerma, del qual també es conserven diversos dibuixos preparatoris de la pintura eqüestre final. Aquesta obra mostra un gran equilibri i vigor; el personatge sembla contemplar l'espectador, i el pintor va fer uns escorços del cavall molt ben executats.

De retorn a Màntua, el duc Vicenç Gonzaga li va encarregar un gran tríptic per a l'església dels jesuïtes d'aquesta ciutat, que va superar en grandesa l'anterior tríptic de l'església romana de la Santa Creu de Jerusalem; malauradament, aquesta obra va patir greus danys durant les incursions franceses de l'any 1797. En aquest període, va crear uns plafons per a l'altar de l'església de Santa Maria in Vallicella, a Roma. I a Gènova va pintar retrats per a les famílies més poderoses: els Doria, els Spínola i els Imperiale. Però l'obra més important d'aquest període va ser Adoració dels pastors, per a l'església de Fermo, en què es copsa la influència del realisme de Caravaggio, i la lluminositat de Correggio.

A la mort de la seva mare, el 1608, Rubens retorna a Anvers. Un any més tard, el 3 d'octubre del 1609, es casa a l'església de Sant Miquel amb Isabella Brant, filla de Jan Brant, un important humanista d'Anvers, amb la qual tindrà tres fills. El 23 de setembre del 1609 va ser nomenat pintor de la cort per Albert VII d'Àustria i Isabel Clara Eugènia d'Espanya, governadors dels Països Baixos, amb una pensió de cinc-centes lliures.

El 1610 va anar a viure a la Rubenshuis, una casa d'Anvers dissenyada per ell i que actualment és un museu. La reconstrucció de la casa la va dirigir personalment Rubens, basant-se en els seus coneixements d'arquitectura, en la qual copià l'estil de les vil·les italianes que havia vist a la seva estada a Itàlia. Aquests dissenys incloïen el domicili particular i la seva biblioteca –una de les més grans de la ciutat–, el taller, un pòrtic barroc unint les dues parts de l'edifici i un jardí amb un pavelló. La planta baixa, la va utilitzar com a exposició de les seves obres. Ha estat reconstruïda seguint els esbossos i dibuixos; de la seva part original es conserva el pòrtic barroc i el pavelló del jardí.

Pintor i diplomàtic

Durant el seu primer any de matrimoni va pintar lAutoretrat amb la seva esposa Isabella Brant. Les figures apareixen assegudes en un jardí, abillades amb els seus millors vestits. Rubens, en un banc, i la seva esposa en una posició més baixa; tots dos estan davant d'un xuclamel que simbolitza l'amor i la fidelitat matrimonial, amb les mans dretes unides, fet que indica que ja estan casats. Aquest és el punt de mira central de la pintura que s'estructura al voltant d'una diagonal imaginària que va des de la cama esquerra fins a l'altra mà esquerra, mà en la qual sosté una espasa, potser desitjós de mostrar-se amb un atribut de la noblesa. El quadre, per la seva composició i pel seu colorit, és una mostra de la pintura realista flamenca.

A partir d'aquesta època, se'l reconeix com el pintor més important de Flandes. Els seus retaules L'elevació de la creu (1610) i El descens de la creu (1611-1614), per a la catedral de Nostra Senyora d'Anvers, el van situar com el principal pintor del país. El seu taller es convertí en el més productiu, amb aprenents i oficials que l'ajudaven. A partir del 1617 s'incorpora Van Dyck; també compta amb la col·laboració de Frans Snyders, que s'encarregà de pintar animals, fruita i natures mortes, i de Jan Brueghel el Vell, pintor de flors i bon amic. Ell, amb el seu taller, crearen moltes pintures religioses, com la de l'església dels jesuïtes de Santa Walburga d'Anvers, els retaules dels Miracles de sant Francesc Xavier, Els miracles de sant Ignasi de Loyola i lAssumpció de la Mare de Déu, de la qual va fer uns magnífics esbossos. En tots aquests encàrrecs, especialment en el de la Mare de Déu, va comptar amb la col·laboració d'un gran nombre de deixebles. Per a la decoració del sostre de l'església es van fer trenta-nou pintures; va acabar l'obra l'any 1620. Les pintures van ser destruïdes per un incendi el 1718, encara que en queden nombrosos esbossos. Rubens va recórrer durant aquesta etapa de la seva carrera a l'ús d'il·lustracions per a llibres —especialment per al seu amic Balthazar I Moretus, propietari de la gran editorial Plantin-Moretus— i estampes per tal d'estendre la seva fama al llarg d'Europa. D'altra banda, es donava el fet que estaven proliferant reproduccions no autoritzades de les seves pintures, en particular a les Províncies Unides, que no li reportaven cap rendiment econòmic i la qualitat de les quals no sempre era precisament la millor, per la qual cosa va prendre la decisió d'editar gravats sota el seu control directe. A més a més, es va assegurar privilegis d'edició, tant als Països Baixos com a les Províncies Unides, i també a Anglaterra, França i Espanya.

Cap a la fi de 1621, l'ambaixador dels arxiducs a la cort de França va elogiar Rubens davant la reina mare Maria de Mèdici, que cercava un decorador per al seu nou palau de Luxemburg. A més, es va afegir als elogis l'arxiduquessa Isabel, molt amiga de Maria de Mèdici, que comptava amb Rubens com un bon diplomàtic per als assumptes polítics de França. Malgrat els nombrosos encàrrecs que tenia a Anvers, Rubens va acceptar i va arribar a París el desembre del 1621; va crear vint-i-una pintures sobre La vida de Maria de Mèdici que havien de col·locar-se en les parets del palau; actualment són al Museu del Louvre. Segons un contracte signat el 22 de febrer del 1622, el pintor es «comprometia a fer vint-i-una representacions sobre les històries de la vida molt il·lustre i les gestes heroiques de la mencionada dama Regna», i presentà l'artista en el moment de la signatura dinou projectes i «altres cinc li seran lliurats durant el treball»; a més a més, tres retrats de la dama.

Tres anys va trigar a finalitzar aquest gran encàrrec; com que Rubens treballava en altres obres, probablement es devia envoltar de nombrosos col·laboradors. Totes aquestes pintures s'utilitzaren com a propaganda política per part del cardenal Richelieu i de Maria de Mèdici; tots dos van indicar modificacions i retocs a l'artista, ja que la vida de Maria havia de mostrar una felicitat completa, de manera que el reflex de la glòria de la dama li va ser imposada. Comença la narració amb el naixement, l'educació i la personalitat de la reina; després queda representat el seu matrimoni amb Enric IV de França, i el naixement de Lluís XIII. Hi ha Enric IV confia la regència a la reina, La coronació de la reina a Saint Denis i lApoteosi d'Enric IV. Sobre La partida de la reina de Blois, cal comentar que en la partida de la reina, aquesta fugia del castell per una escala, però a causa de la corpulència de la dama, no podia baixar-hi, i van haver d'embolicar-la en un llençol i lligar-la amb cordes per baixar-la com si fos un paquet; evidentment, en la pintura no apareix res d'aquesta història; van haver de canviar una mica la realitat, i la reina surt per la porta representada com una feble víctima. Rubens es va sotmetre a tots els capritxos dels governants. El conjunt de les vint-i-una narracions es troba instal·lat des del 1953 a la sala dels Estats del Museu del Louvre.

Durant el període entre 1621 i 1630, els Habsburg espanyols confiaren a Rubens un cert nombre de missions diplomàtiques. Rubens va sol·licitar al rei d'Espanya un ennobliment, al·legant que les seves relacions diplomàtiques amb personalitats d'Europa i les seves freqüents estades a les seves corts l'autoritzaven a fer aquest pas. El 5 de juny del 1624 es va acceptar aquesta sol·licitud, i se li va enviar la cèdula d'ennobliment amb un blasó; alhora, la regent dels Països Baixos Isabel Clara Eugènia va afegir a la distinció el nomenament com a gentilhome de cambra. Aquell mateix any, el rei Ladislau IV de Polònia va ser acollit com a hoste de l'arxiduquessa Isabel, i aquesta va demanar al pintor que li fes un retrat, obra que actualment es troba al Metropolitan Museum.

També és autor dels esbossos i cartons de tapissos emprats al monestir de Nuestra Señora de la Consolación (Madrid), també conegut com el de les Descalzas reales. Van ser encarregats per la governadora Isabel el 1627, amb la sèrie dedicada al Triomf de l'eucaristia. Després de la invasió napoleònica, els tapissos van ser repartits per diversos museus del món. El 1628, va tornar novament a Madrid en una missió diplomàtica i s'hi va quedar aproximadament un any. Va pintar, per encàrrec del monarca Felip IV, uns deu retrats de familiars del rei. La seva estada al palau Reial li va permetre la visió de pintures de la col·lecció del monarca, estudiant i fent-ne còpies; en particular, copià les de Ticià. Va conèixer Diego Velázquez i amb ell va visitar el monestir de l'Escorial.

Felip IV va decidir d'enviar-lo a Londres mentre s'esperava l'intercanvi d'ambaixadors acreditats per signar la pau. El 5 de juny del 1629 va arribar a la capital d'Anglaterra i va ser rebut pel rei Carles I. Per a ell va fer la pintura Al·legoria de la pau i de la guerra i un Sant Jordi i el drac. També se li va fer l'encàrrec de pintar el sostre de la casa del Banquet al palau de Whitehall. Una vegada signada la pau, tornà a Brussel·les amb l'informe per a l'arxiduquessa Isabel, que, per ordre del rei d'Espanya, el nomenà secretari del consell privat dels Països Baixos, amb honoraris, però sense haver d'exercir la seva funció.

Darrers anys
El 1630, quatre anys després de la mort de la seva primera muller el pintor, de 53 anys, es casava amb Hélène Fourment, de 16 anys, filla d'un acabalat comerciant de sedes i tapissos, Daniël Fourment, amb el qual Rubens tenia gran amistat, i de la germana d'Isabella Brant, Clara; fou, per tant, neboda política seva. Rubens havia tingut tres fills amb Isabella, i en va tenir cinc més amb Hélène; el seu darrer fill va néixer vuit mesos després de la seva mort. Els encants d'Hélène apareixen repetits en obres com El jardí de l'amor, Les tres gràcies, i Judici de Paris, pintats per a la cort espanyola i actualment al Museu del Prado.

Sembla que per al pintor ja no existia una altra model millor que la seva jove esposa. La pintà de múltiples maneres, i representant tota classe de personatges, tant religiosos com mitològics; així, apareix en obres que van des de lHélène vestida de núvia (1630) fins a Santa Cecília (1639).

Un dels retrats més bonics és Hélène Fourment amb abric de pells, pintat el 1639. Aquesta obra demostra, més que en cap altra, els valors tonals que va aconseguir Rubens durant el seu últim període de vida. En aquest retrat de la seva dona, hi ha representat un nu femení en el moment de la sortida del bany; per cobrir-se, s'embolcalla amb unes pells. El color clar, acolorit de rosa, de la pell de la jove, contrasta amb el to fosc i brillant de l'abric. El mateix contrast s'observa entre el pudor i la sensualitat que demostra el gest de la dona. És admirable la subtilesa del pintor a captar el rostre de la retratada, la dolçor i el candor de la seva expressió.

Aquests darrers anys va pintar paisatges d'una gran varietat, com lAutoretrat amb Hélène Fourment al jardí (1631). En aquesta obra, el pintor uneix el retrat amb el paisatge. El 1635, va adquirir una finca amb el castell de Steen, on va pintar diversos paisatges, com Paisatge amb l'arc de sant Martí o Paisatge amb el castell de Steen (c. 1636), en què s'aprecia l'edifici de Rubens, envoltat d'horts i arbres. El paisatge mostra uns personatges que són dalt d'un carro, i també hi ha un caçador mig amagat en un primer pla, que es creu que pugui ser el mateix pintor. No va deixar de pintar fins al final dels seus dies. De fet, quan va morir, estava fent una sèrie de pintures per a la torre de la Parada, el pavelló de caça de Felip IV, en el qual va col·laborar i es va encarregar d'acabar-lo Jacob Jordaens. Van consistir en un conjunt de cinquanta-dos quadres amb escenes de la mitologia clàssica, a més a més d'algunes al·legories i de dues pintures de filòsofs de l'antiguitat, Heràclit, el filòsof que plora i Demòcrit, el filòsof que riu, que se suposa que formaven un grup amb Esop i Menip de Diego Velázquez, sumant un total de seixanta-una o seixanta-dues obres (es desconeix la xifra exacta).

Rubens va morir a Anvers el 30 de maig del 1640, als 63 anys, d'un tipus de gota que afecta especialment les articulacions dels dits del peu. Va ser enterrat a l'església de Saint Jacob d'Anvers. El 1642, Hélène de Fourment va fer col·locar damunt la seva làpida i dintre d'un marc de marbre l'obra La Mare de Déu i l'infant envoltats per sants, del mateix Rubens, que es creu que és un retrat de família; sant Jordi representa el pintor i Magdalena és el retrat d'Hélène.

Obra

El seu taller
Les pintures de Rubens es poden dividir en tres categories:
 aquelles que pintava ell mateix;
 les que pintava en part, principalment les mans i esferes;
 aquelles que només supervisava.

Una carta del pintor dirigida a l'ambaixador anglès a Holanda, és el testimoni més clar d'aquesta tècnica de treball, ja que ell mateix diferencia les obres «enterament de la meva mà», «els treballs efectuats amb la col·laboració dels meus deixebles i retocs amb la meva mà» i finalment «les còpies dels seus alumnes». Juntament amb les còpies de pintures, els gravats van ser també molt importants per a la difusió de l'art de Rubens. En aquests gravats, feia un dibuix detallat de la composició, un ajudant el gravava en la làmina de coure i, després, el pintor feia els retocs i les millores necessàries.

Tenia un gran taller que li era molt necessari per als nombrosos encàrrecs que rebia contínuament. En una carta de l'any 1611, dirigida a Jacques de Bie, Rubens fa un comentari molt significatiu: «he hagut de refusar més de cent candidats». Es troben catalogades més de quatre mil pintures sortides del seu taller, com a seves o dels seus deixebles.

Trets característics
En moltes de les seves pintures apareixen cossos sencers de dones voluptuoses. Les dones de Rubens són esplèndides; les mostra opulentes, amb girs dinàmics que posen en relleu les seves rodoneses, que és com va pintar les nimfes nues que hi ha al quadre Desembarcament de Maria de Mèdici a Marsella, o com ja havia expressat en anteriors pintures mitològiques com al Rapte de les filles de Leucip (1617).

Les seves característiques com a pintor són la creació de grans quadres per a altars, amb una coloració alegre i una temàtica que va des d'opulents bodegons fins a retrats aristocràtics, passant per temes de caràcter mitològic. En les seves obres va plasmar un gran moviment de formes vives, que Rubens va imposar amb un sentit de la realitat molt agut. Aquesta manera de fer, la deu en gran part a la tècnica plàstica observada a la Roma de Miquel Àngel i Caravaggio; la còpia i estudi de les obres d'aquests artistes li van permetre superar el gran expressionisme del barroc.

Els seus darrers paisatges són una conseqüència de l'observació de la natura i de la vida que envoltava el pintor: ocells, animals i vegetació, amb unes composicions que transpiren grandesa, un domini del terreny i una il·luminació amb efectes romàntics, ja deixant de banda les exuberàncies del barroc que l'havien caracteritzat en l'etapa anterior.

Notes

Referències

Bibliografia

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Home/Crime/Missouri Supreme Court rules against virtual trials
CrimeNewsThe NorthSider
Missouri Supreme Court rules against virtual trials
State, federal constitutions protect defendants' right to confront accusers in person, court says
Missouri Independent Send an email 1 week agoLast Updated: January 12, 2022
There are no "sick days" for constitutional rights, the Missouri Supreme Court ruled Tuesday as it overturned the results of a juvenile case partly held online because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The court issued rulings in three cases that test whether courts can have witnesses, defendants or both appear via remote link software when the accused are in jeopardy of being imprisoned or confined to a juvenile facility.
In each case, Judge Zel Fischer, with a unanimous court agreeing, said there is no substitute for in-person proceedings when the stakes are that high. The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the accused the right "to be confronted with the witnesses" and the Missouri Constitution requires that the accused be given an opportunity "to meet the witnesses against him face to face."
"Neither the United States Constitution nor the Missouri Constitution are entitled to take 'sick days,'" Fischer wrote in a case involving a juvenile who was not allowed to appear before a judge.
All three cases were brought before the court by the Missouri State Public Defender's office.
"We are very happy with decisions," Mary Fox, director of the office, wrote in an email to The Independent.
Attorney General Eric Schmitt's office, which could ask for a rehearing in the cases or seek an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court over the federal constitutional questions, did not respond to a request for comment.
In the adult case, tried before the pandemic, Rodney Smith of St. Louis was convicted of two counts of statutory rape in a trial that included testimony from a police lab employee conducted via two-way video.
Without the testimony, Fischer wrote, DNA evidence linking Smith to the assault would not have been admitted. The woman involved had recanted her accusations, he noted.
"The error of admitting [the lab technician's] two-way live video testimony was not harmless beyond a reasonable doubt," Fischer wrote.
The ruling in Smith's favor creates two important guideposts for Missouri courts, said Nina McDonnell, who argued the case on appeal.
"First and foremost, the right to face-to-face, in person confrontation is secured in Missouri," she said.
Secondly, the ruling limits the use of video testimony to cases where there is a finding a child victim of sexual assault would experience additional trauma by appearing in court, she said.
That is already established in law, but she said the ruling ensures those are the only cases where that can take place.
The two juvenile cases, both out of Jackson County, did involve the courts' interpretation of emergency rules established by the Supreme Court to reduce the likelihood of COVID-19 outbreaks tied to courtrooms.
In one, a 12-year-old juvenile, identified as C.A.R.A. because of confidentiality in juvenile cases, was accused of sexually molesting another child and was placed in residential custody at a family court hearing on June 19, 2020.
With access limited because of COVID-19 restrictions, only the judge, the judge's staff, the juvenile and the juvenile's attorney were present in the courtroom. The juvenile officer and other witnesses, including the alleged victim, appeared remotely via videoconference.
In the other, a 14-year-old identified as J.A.T., was accused of acts that would be first-degree assault and two counts of armed criminal action if committed by an adult. In that July 2020 hearing, the judge required J.A.T. to participate via two-way live video from the juvenile detention facility while everyone else, including his attorney, his parents and the witnesses appeared in person.
The judge limited the number of people present because of the danger of coronavirus infections getting into the juvenile detention facility. At the time, the Missouri Supreme Court had ordered courts to limit their proceedings to absolutely necessary actions.
"Contrary to the circuit court's statements, this court was careful to ensure its order incorporating the operational directives would not be interpreted to permit the violation of a juvenile's constitutional or statutory rights," Fischer wrote.
Jeff Esparza, who leads the children's appellate system for the public defender's office, said there are at least three other cases pending at the state Courts of Appeals with similar circumstances. He expects those cases will now be returned to the circuit courts for further proceedings.
A video hearing cannot replace a courtroom, with the judge seated high on his bench and the accused looking directly at the witness, Esparza said.
"When people are remote, they say and do things and act in ways different than they would ever do in front of somebody," he said.
The U.S. Supreme Court, in its rulings upholding the right to confront witnesses, has found there are two purposes for face-to-face trials — seeking the truth and symbolism.
"The truth-seeking purpose includes notions of promoting reliability, impressing upon witnesses the seriousness of their testimony, allowing the trier of fact to observe the demeanor of witnesses, and subjecting the witnesses to cross-examination," Fischer wrote. "The symbolic purpose consists of promoting 'an open and even contest in a public trial.'"
A group of 14 law professors who teach and write about criminal procedure, including former Missouri Supreme Court Judge Mike Wolff, filed a friend-of-the-court brief in Smith's case arguing that the court should require testimony at trials to be conducted in-person.
Chad Flanders of St. Louis University, one of the authors of the brief, said in an interview Tuesday that the decision upholds the points the brief urged on the court.
Nothing can replace an in-person hearing, Flanders said. When someone is testifying remotely, usually those in the courtroom can only see their face.
"What else is going on that we can't see?" Flanders said. "Is he nervously drumming his fingers? Is someone coaching him offline?"
This article by Rudi Keller is published by permission of The Missouri Independent.
Chad Flanders covid-19 Missouri State Public Defender Missouri Supreme Court pandemic virtual trials
Missouri Independent
Education committee puts early focus on parental rights, critical race theory
Stressed hospitals are forced to hunt for ventilators
Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg dies at 87
St. Charles County to pay $280K to journalists tear-gassed in Ferguson
Staying safe during reopening is doable, Garza encourages
Schools to continue mask rules despite legal challenge from Missouri Attorney General
City board upholds condemnation of 'Land of Giants'

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An out teenager is petitioning the media to highlight Qatar's anti-LGBTQ laws ahead of the World Cup
Chloe, a 15-year-old soccer fanatic, sees through the Gulf kingdom's hollow gestures.
By Alex Reimer Dec 30, 2021, 7:00am PST
Share All sharing options for: An out teenager is petitioning the media to highlight Qatar's anti-LGBTQ laws ahead of the World Cup
Qatar has also come under fire for exploiting migrant workers in its efforts to build state-of-the-art facilities ahead of the World Cup.
Photo by Matthew Ashton - AMA/Getty Images
Qatar is making an LGBTQ-related public relations push ahead of the 2022 World Cup. The oil rich Gulf state says it will allow rainbow flags to fly at stadiums and even hosted the founder of Liverpool's LGBTQ fan group and his husband for a visit.
But the reality on the ground for LGBTQ people in Qatar isn't nearly as rosy. It is still illegal to be gay, and homosexuality can lead to imprisonment or even death. During this holiday season, Qatari authorities seized rainbow-colored children's toys because the designs are deemed "contrary" to the country's "traditions."
With the World Cup less than one year away, the media has a responsibility to highlight Qatar's harsh treatment of gay people, especially if outlets and networks are going to run stories about the country's supposed turn towards modernity.
Chloe, an out teenager living in the U.K., has started an online petition demanding as much. Most specifically, Chloe is calling on public service broadcasters the BBC and ITV, both of which are sending teams to the tournament, to address these issues during their coverage.
As a young LGBTQ soccer fan, she's been struggling with FIFA's decision to award one its signature event to a country where it's still dangerous for same-sex couples to hold hands in public.
"Being given the privilege to hold the World Cup, which is a major sporting event, is a big deal for a country, and can bring them a lot of publicity and can do a lot for their economy and so many aspects of how that country runs," Chloe said. "Seeing such an honor and opportunity given to a country with appalling human's rights laws and abuses, it's kind of not showing at all that we don't agree this, and think this should be stopped."
#MOCIQATAR carried out inspection campaigns on several retail outlets in different regions across #Qatar, the campaigns resulted in the seizure and release of several violations, including the confiscation of children's toys bearing slogans that go against Islamic values.
— وزارة التجارة والصناعة (@MOCIQatar) December 20, 2021
The government of Qatar has seized children's toys claiming they go against the country's values simply by being rainbow-colored. Yes, they are that anti-LGBTQ.
They will host the World Cup next year. https://t.co/SZJCErgKrt
— Cyd Zeigler (@CydZeigler) December 28, 2021
FIFA says it has a "zero-tolerance position on discrimination," yet the last World Cup was also held in Russia, where President Vladimir Putin has made LGBTQ discrimination a centerpiece of his authoritarian regime.
FIFA's broadcasting partners, such as the BBC and ITV, say they're committed to inclusion as well. "At the BBC we are committed to creating an inclusive workforce, by reflecting and representing the diversity of the UK," the network's website states.
ITV pledges to "foster creativity by championing diversity and embracing inclusion."
Chloe would prefer their coverage match their words.
"Football organizations like to talk about equality, and then Qatar is being selected to hold the World Cup," she said. "They're saying one thing, but their actions are portraying another."
Qatar says LGBTQ soccer fans are welcome to attend World Cup games, and with the world watching, it's unlikely authorities will harass or target any out LGBTQ visitors during the tournament. But what happens when the games end?
Chloe doesn't see any evidence Qatari officials are committed to wholesale change, regardless of how many rainbow flags are visible during World Cup matches.
She may just be 15, but she can see through the lip service.
"If they're just putting a Pride flag up, and continue to treat the LGBTQ+ community in that country the way they do, it means nothing," Chloe said. "It's a completely empty gesture if they don't actually take action."
You can sign Chloe's petition here.


Surely the journalist Timothy O'Brien knew that when he wrote Donald Trump was only worth $250 million (as opposed to the $4 billion Trump himself claims), there would be repercussions. Not surprisingly, Trump sued the journalist for defamation. On Wednesday a New Jersey judge dismissed the case, saying that there was no evidence of "actual malice" in the estimate of the real-estate mogul's fortune in O'Brien's book Trump Nation: The Art of Being the Donald. Trump didn't pull his punches in the failed lawsuit; his lawyers tried to portray the book publisher, Warner Books, as an accomplice.


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24/11/2016 · The next installment in the blockbuster franchise, UNDERWORLD: BLOOD WARS follows Vampire death dealer, Selene (Kate Beckinsale) as she fends off brutal attacks from both the Lycan clan and the Vampire faction that betrayed her. Underworld: Next Generation 2016 \'. Add to Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Sign in Share More Sign in to. Underworld 5 Next Generation (2016) Watch Online Full Movie Free DVDRip, Watch And Download Underworld 5 Next Generation Movie Free,Movies Torrent Putlocker Movies Bollywood Bollywood Featured 2016
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Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film.
Vampire death dealer Selene fends off brutal attacks from both the Lycan clan and the Vampire faction that betrayed her. With her only allies, David and his father Thomas, she must stop the eternal war between Lycans and Vampires, even if it means she has to make the ultimate sacrifice.
Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. After a decade-long battle between vampires and werewolves, like it or not, the Underworld franchise is legit. 'Underworld: Next Generation' In Development (Exclusive) - Bloody Disgusting
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Underworld 6 movie trailer, release date, plot and cast starring Kate Beckinsale. Vampires and Lycans are locked in a battle between races. How Many More Underworld Movies Will There Be? 'Blood Wars' May Not Be The End. By Sage Young. Jan. 4, 2017. so the next Underworld episode could be that offshoot film he mentioned. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Tom Rosenberg and Gary Lucchesi were named as producers. The film was later confirmed to be a fifth entry in the series, rather than a reboot. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. Underworld: Next Generation 1080P 2016 Movie. 1/28/2017 0 Comments \n Nombre de usuario o correo electr. Magnet Torrent Link Anjos da Noite Guerras de Sangue Torrent Dublado 1080p 720p BluRay Completo Portugu. Lamentablemente todos los filehosting grandes estan borrando los archivos.
This Pin was discovered by movie-torrent.download. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest. 15 Feb 2020 Underworld blood wars upcoming hollywood action movie 2017 latest news kate beckinsale - youtube. Underworld awakening (2012) hindi The next installment in the blockbuster franchise, UNDERWORLD: BLOOD WARS follows Vampire death dealer, Selene (Kate Beckinsale) as she fends off Amazon.com: Underworld (Unrated Extended Edition): Kate Beckinsale, Scott Speedman, Michael Sheen, Shane Brolly, Erwin Leder, Bill Nighy, Len Wiseman, Další pokračování úspěšné filmové série Underworld, tentokrát s podtitulem Krvavé války, sleduje osudy upíří smrtonošky Selene (Kate Beckinsale), která se Next contribution vBlokbaster franchise, Underworld: death BLOOD WARS dealer vampire Selene (Kate Beckinsale), as violent attacks Clan Lika and vampires
Amazon.com: Underworld (Unrated Extended Edition): Kate Beckinsale, Scott Speedman, Michael Sheen, Shane Brolly, Erwin Leder, Bill Nighy, Len Wiseman, Další pokračování úspěšné filmové série Underworld, tentokrát s podtitulem Krvavé války, sleduje osudy upíří smrtonošky Selene (Kate Beckinsale), která se Next contribution vBlokbaster franchise, Underworld: death BLOOD WARS dealer vampire Selene (Kate Beckinsale), as violent attacks Clan Lika and vampires Underworld is a series of action horror films created by Len Wiseman, Kevin Grevioux, and The fifth film, originally tentatively titled Underworld: Next Generation, was in production with Kate Beckinsale reprising her role as Selene and Anna Underworld: Blood Wars (Brasil: Anjos da Noite: Guerras de Sangue) é um filme norte-americano de ação e terror, dirigido por Anna Foerster e escrito por Cory Goodman. É o quinto da série de filmes Underworld e a sequência do filme de 2012 Underworld: Awakening, com Kate Beckinsale reprisando seu papel como Selene. Outros nomes do elenco principal incluem Theo James, Tobias Menzies, Lara
24/11/2016 · The next installment in the blockbuster franchise, UNDERWORLD: BLOOD WARS follows Vampire death dealer, Selene (Kate Beckinsale) as she fends off brutal attacks from both the Lycan clan and the Vampire faction that betrayed her.
Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film. Titled Underworld: Next Generation, the film was in production and set to be released 2015. Theo James, who appeared in the role of David in the fourth film, would return as the new lead. On October 12, 2014, director Len Wiseman told IGN that original Underworld lead Kate Beckinsale would be back for the film.
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Dr Victoria Roulstone has been investigating viruses that have the ability to kill cancer cells, known as oncolytic viruses. Reovirus, a naturally occurring human virus, has shown some positive results in pre-clinical tests in a wide range of tumour types and has now reached final testing in clinical trials. Early clinical studies have shown that when it is used alone this virus demonstrates modest effects on cancer cells but when used in combination with new anti-cancer drugs there is a potentially greater effect. It has been noted however, that in clinical trials, not all patients benefited from these treatments. This has highlighted the need to identify which combinations of oncolytic viruses with anti-cancer drugs offer the most effective treatment for head and neck cancer patients.
Researchers are used to complexity, it's what they're trained to do, but the assistance of a robot is invaluable when faced with carrying out a high throughput pharmacological test on a range of 80 different drugs, in combination with a cancer-killing virus. Victoria is utilising the skills of a sophisticated Hamilton Microlab robot in this project which is looking for novel drug combinations that could enhance the tumor killing properties of Reovirus.
The Hamilton robot helps with the practical implementation of a complex test of this kind that is testing all the possible permutations of the 80 drugs with Reovirus. The robot was used specifically for the purpose of making the study quicker and easier and it is also able to remove human error, an almost inevitable result from a project of this complexity. The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) has used the Hamilton robot on similar experiments where large quantities of drugs in numerous combinations need to be analysed and it is now fully optimised and programmed to be at the 'top of its game' in terms of accuracy.
So far, Victoria has identified a particular drug that when combined with a virus known as reovirus, increases cell death, as well as the mechanism by which this happens.
"When we combine the drug and the virus together, hidden viruses that are part of our own genomes, so called retroviruses that form about 30% of our own DNA, suddenly switch on and start releasing within these cancer cells, RNA species, which are profoundly activating to the immune response.


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Tobacco Company Faces Competition
YEREVAN (Noyan Tapan)–The executive director of the "Armtabak" joint stock company David Galumian stated that his predecessor and holder of 23 percent of the company's shares Lida Sargssian deliberately froze the enterprise's activities. One of the biggest shareholders and founders of "Armtabak" Hrant Vardanian was of the same opinion. Vardanian also argued that Sargssian was closely linked with circles involved in the import of tobacco.
The enterprise was privatized in October 1995. About 70 percent of its shares were held by Lida Sargssian–Hrant Vardanian (current director general of Grand Tobacco) and Rouben Hayrapetian. In June–1998–Sargssian sold 25 percent of shares to Karen Babayan (brother of Karabakh's Defense Minister Samvel Babayan).
In an interview with Noyan Tapan–Galumian said that in the late 80s the enterprise produced about 10 billion cigarettes a year–while in 1997 it produced only 382.4 million. The sharp decline in production was also observed in 1997-98. The enterprise has operated at 7-8 percent of its capacity for the past two years.


Liverpool Egyptian forward Mohamed Salah dribbles past the goalkeeper to score one of his three goals in a 4-0 Premier League win over Bournemouth on December 8 2018.
Salah set them on their way in the 25th minute, latching on to the rebound after Roberto Firmino's 30-metre shot was palmed into his path by Asmir Begovic, even though television replays showed the Egyptian to be marginally offside when he pounced.
There was no argument about his second strike straight after the interval when Firmino again freed him to maraud on goal and fire into the corner, with the help of the slightest nick off Nathan Ake's heel.
After the unfortunate Steve Cook diverted Andy Robertson's cross past Begovic for an own goal, Salah worked his real magic, outmuscling Cook to get to Adam Lallana's through ball before dancing nimbly around Begovic and slotting home late on.
Salah's treble at the Vitality Stadium put him on 10 league goals this season, matching Arsenal's Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang at the top of the scoring charts that he dominated last season.
Against tough, seventh-placed opponents, Juergen Klopp's side went a 17th straight league match unbeaten, equalling their club record set 10 years ago, and emulated the 4-0 thrashing of the Cherries in the corresponding fixture last season.
It put them a point clear of Manchester City at the summit on 42 points, though Pep Guardiola's men have the chance to regain top spot later when they visit Chelsea.
It was a splendid afternoon for Liverpool's James Milner to celebrate becoming only the 13th player to make 500 top-flight appearances in the Premier League era.
"He's had an amazing career. I have to congratulate him on an amazing career -- he deserves this today," Salah told Milner on Sky Sports. "I will not take it."
As he clutched the match ball after his second Liverpool hat-trick, the Egyptian added: "It wasn't a bad way at all (to get back among the goals)...I enjoyed the last one the most. I was calm."
Now getting back into his most imperious stride after a slow start to the campaign, Salah added: "My expectations are very high.
"I know everyone else's expectations of me are also very high but the most important thing is for us to win each game and be top of the table."
For Milner, it was a special afternoon after 16 years of excellence in the Premier League. "It's the perfect way to celebrate it (the 500th appearance)," he said.
"It wasn't our best performance of the season by any means but we were efficient, got the job done and this fella (Salah) is unbelievable... He can win you a game on his own."


Fernbank Museum of Natural History (fernbankmuseum.org) announces the new special exhibition, The Power of Poison. Exploring the role of poison in nature, myth and human health, the exhibition will be on view from February 7– May 3, 2015, marking the first travel stop on a nationwide, multi-year tour. Visitors will encounter some of history's most puzzling poisoning cases, step into the pages of fairy tales, use clues to solve poisoning mysteries, and take part in a live theater presentation to help unravel a real-world case of poisoning.
For as long as people have created myths, they've told stories about the mysterious powers of poison. But in the natural world, poisons are simply part of the daily struggle to survive. The astonishing variety of evolutionary adaptations among toxic plants and animals is at the heart of this intriguing exhibition, which also examines humans' attempts to understand poisons' potency, how the science of detecting poison developed, and how researchers today use venoms and other natural toxins to develop new medical treatments.
This new, family-friendly special exhibition creates an engaging and immersive environment through the use of interactive components, models, multimedia and live animals. Whether as a defense against predators, a source of magical strength, or a lifesaving medical treatment, story of poison is filled with mystery, intrigue, fascinating tales and surprising benefits.
Poison in Nature: Learn about toxic animals and plants in a remote Colombian forest, where poisons are just one of the many tools in an organism's struggle to survive.
Poison in Literature: Find out which familiar tales of illness, enchantment or death by poison contain kernels of truth.
Detecting Poison: Play detective with an engaging live show that delves into some of history's most intriguing poisoning cases, then try to solve a case yourself in a hands-on investigation that puts your inner sleuth to the test.
Poison for Good: From fatal dosages to life-saving drugs, discover how some poisons have become critical players in the advancement of new medicines.
Story Corner: Fernbank has created a special immersive story corner just for our younger visitors. Filled with a variety of props, books and a puppet theater, children will enjoy acting out the myths, fairy tales and legends depicted in the exhibit.


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Army repels infiltration of Saudi-led coalition militias in Asir
ASIR, April.10 (YPA) - The Yemeni army repelled an infiltration attempts of Saudi-led coalition forces tried to advance towards Allib crossing point, a military official told Yemen Press Agency. The official added that the army repulsed a…
Saudi media: 4 Saudi soldiers killed in clashes with Yemeni army
SANAA, April 10 (YPA) - Saudi media on Monday admitted the killing of four of its soldiers in clashes with the Yemeni army in cross-border frontlines. Saudi media published a list of a number of names of soldiers who were killed by…
Four coalition militants killed by Yemeni army in Bayda
Apr 9, 2018 11:33 PM
BAYDA, April 9 (YPA) – Four coalition-backed militants were killed and two others wounded by the Yemeni army 's attack Bayda province, a military official told Yemen Press Agency. The militants were targeted in Nata and al-Abadih fronts,…
Officer killed in drive-by shooting in Taiz
TAIZ, April 9 (YPA) – An officer loyal to UAE occupation forces was killed by unknown gunmen on a motorbike on Monday in downtown of Taiz, a security official told Yemeni Press Agency. The accident took place in al-Kabir Souk. Coalition's…
Students of schools in Hodiedah protest against coalition 'soldiers Crime of Raping a Yemeni…
HODIEDAH, April 9 (YPA) – Several students of schools in Hodiedah province held on Monday a protest march against the Saudi-led coalition-backed Sudanese soldiers' crime of Raping a girl in Yemeni province of Hodiedah. The rally took place…
Thousands of women protest in capital Sanaa over coalition's rape crime of Yemeni girl
SANAA, April 9 (YPA) – Thousands of women in the capital Sanaa organized a protest rally on Monday against the Saudi-led coalition's Sudanese crime of raping a Yemeni girl in the Yemeni port city of Hodiedah. The last week crime triggered a…
Mass demonstrations in Saada over coalition's Rape Crime of Yemeni girl
Apr 9, 2018 7:53 PM
SAADA, April 9 (YPA) – Thousands of civilians in Saada province protested on Monday to condemn the Saudi-led coalition's Sudanese crime of raping a girl in the Yemeni port city of Hodiedah. The demonstration was attended by Saada governor…
President vows to fire ballistic missiles on Saudi territories every day
DHAMAR, April 9 (YPA) - President Saleh Al-Sammad on Monday said the current year would be a year of ballistic missiles, adding "we will launch ballistic missiles on Saudi Arabia every day." The president's remarks came during a meeting…
Photos document Saudi-led coalition's crime against civilians in Saada
SAADA, April 9 (YPA) - Yemen Press Agency obtained photographs of the crime committed on Monday by Saudi-led coalition's warplanes against Al-Tawheed School in the city of Saada, which led to killing two people and injuring seven others,…
Mass protests in Ibb over coalition's Rape Crime of Yemeni girl
IBB, April 9 (YPA) – Thousands of people on Monday staged a mass march in Ibb province to protest against the Saudi-led coalition's Sudanese crime of raping a Yemeni girl in the Yemeni port city of Hodiedah. The rally, took place in Yarim…
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text:
Q: routing on tap event using panels in senchatouch can anyone let me know how can I redirect to another page in senchatouch on a tap event of a panel.can it be through routes.any example will be of a great help.

A: Routes are merely design to have access through a custom URL to any view within your app.
First, you need to specify what you mean by "page": is it a specific view of your app or just another panel (probably handled by a container with a card layout).
You would probably better:

*

*implement a controller that will handle the processing required to switch to the view/panel you want to display

*link the tap event to the function you defined above in the controller (by firing a custom event when tap is triggered or by letting the controller responding directly to the tap).

A: Basically you need to fire and event on tap of a panel which should take care of creating new view and pushing it wherever required.
Here is what you can do
    Ext.getCmp('myPanelId').element.on({
        tap: function() {
            console.log('panel tapped!');
            me.fireEvent("showAnotherPageCommand");
        }
    });

In your controller you should listen this event and do whatever is required like...
Ext.Viewport.add(Ext.create('MyApp.view.NewPanel'));

I hope it helps.
BTW I totally agree with Josh, What have you tried so far? That should always be a part of your question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Sound Tigers
Destination Hockey
Drive 4 Five
By The Fans, For The Fans
Benoit Hogue Interview
Posted on July 1, 2017 by Drive 4 Five
Welcome to drive4five.blog, your source for all things Islanders! We are proud to announce that we have had the opportunity to interview Benoit Hogue! Hogue played in the NHL for 16 seasons with the Buffalo Sabres, New York Islanders, Toronto Maple Leafs, Dallas Stars, Tampa Bay Lightning, Phoenix (now Arizona) Coyotes, Boston Bruins, and Washington Capitals.
Hogue, Pierre Turgeon, Uwe Krupp, and Dave McLlwain were traded to the Islanders in 1991 for Pat LaFontaine, Randy Wood, and Randy Hillier. In New York, Benoit put up his best numbers, scoring 105 goals in three full seasons. After his tenure on the Island, Hogue became a journeyman for the rest of his career. In his one season with the Dallas Stars, Hogue won his first and only Stanley Cup. The unforgettable series is remembered by the highly controversial Stanley Cup-winning goal in which Brett Hull's skate was in the crease. Benoit Hogue is a terrific player and person, and has many stories for our readers to hear.
What was your favorite Islanders moment?
"I think my favorite Islanders moment was probably the 1993 season, defeating Pittsburgh in seven games. Pittsburgh had just won three Stanley Cups in a row. I think the year of the 1993 season and that series was one of the best moments as an Islander."
What was your funniest Islanders moment?
"Funniest? It would be a lot. I think the funniest was after beating Pittsburgh in the second round of 93'. We were in the locker room celebrating as if we just won the Stanley Cup, guys were pumped, guys were drinking champagne. I think it was a blast because everyone was happy coming back and then winning Game 7 in Pittsburgh. I think it was one of the funniest moments just to see the enjoyment of the players in the locker room after a big series win."
Who was your favorite teammate?
"I had a lot of teammates. On the Islanders, my favorite group that we had was mostly when we were a young team. All in our late 20's, early 30's. I wouldn't say there was one guy I particularly liked; the team we had was tight. We were all good to each other, it was a big family. The players played for one another. I had obviously a roommate, Steve Thomas. We spent a little more time together on the road. As far as favorite teammate, I can say they were all my favorite teammates."
What was it like having to switch teams?
"The first time I switched teams was from Buffalo. I was drafted by Buffalo, and the day of the trade where I had to be moved was a little upsetting that you have to leave a town. Up to that point, I had never been traded before. My junior years were all with the same team, the Saint-Jean Castors of the QMJHL, and it was very awkward to leave a team for the first time and go to a different dressing room in a different city. After that, when I was traded from the Islanders to the Toronto Maple Leafs, the situation was a lot easier."
Hogue as a member of the New York Islanders
What was it like to win a Stanley Cup?
"It's hard to describe the excitement of winning a Cup. We all know how intense the playoffs are and you compete every two days. You are playing with 20 guys, sharing blood, sweat, and tears. Winning the Stanley Cup makes you feel as if you are done competing on this level. You're finally a champion. There is some relief knowing the pressure and physical demand is off. The biggest relief is knowing you have finally won a Stanley Cup. It's an unbelieveable experience."
Thanks for reading! This article was written by Kyle, who will guest write articles for us.
Please share this with your friends!
Published by Drive 4 Five
As the Islanders drive 4 five Stanley Cups, we will have you covered along the way. Stay tuned for all things Islanders as we embark on this hard-fought journey.	View all posts by Drive 4 Five
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The Cabin Idaho asked me to teach a writing camp for kids this summer in conjunction with The Peregrine Fund's World Center for Birds of Prey. Yesterday afternoon I and two awesome Cabin staff (Katie & Ashley) met with the education coordinator at the center for a tour and planning session.
I mentioned that I found the book A Feathered River Across The Sky about the extinction of the passenger pigeon deeply moving and was planning a writing activity around passenger pigeons and other extinct bird species.
The education coordinator mentioned that though they deal primarily with birds of prey, they had a passenger pigeon in their specimen collection.
Naturally, I got super excited when he mentioned that we also might be able to swing by the specimen collection to view it.


This GoFundMe page has been created to support Nikita Graham's Family.
Nikita passed away unexpectedly on Thursday, January 17, 2019. She was 32. She leaves a beloved husband, Bryce, her two young sons, and a big family. They all mourn her deeply.
Nikita was a loving mother, wife, daughter, sister and friend. Her kindness, passion, bubbly personality, sincerity, and her generosity will be forever remembered.
Her colleagues also adored her and working with her was a real pleasure. She was caring, always smiling, and devoted to clients and teammates alike. Her co-workers are in shock. She will be dearly missed.
The Graham Family would never ask for help, but her co-workers are asking you to consider donating to help with hospital and funerals costs and, more importantly, to help them raise her two kids.
Any amount - no matter how small - will help the family in this incredibly difficult time.
Thank you to all people who came today to attend the ceremony "Celebrating the life of Nikita Tamiko Graham".
Please have a look. Asthma awareness matters.


text:
i.d.a.f. news notes
by International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa
with Geoffrey Wisner (editor), Kenneth Carstens
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Publisher: International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa
International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa (United States Committee)
Type: Newsletter
Coverage in Africa: Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Seychelles, Swaziland
Coverage outside Africa: United States, Australia, Cuba, Europe, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United Nations
The newsletter reports Oliver Tambo, the President of the African National Congress, appeared at the Parker House in Boston on 30April and 1May to speak at a meeting of the New England Circle and to hold a press conference; the newsletter includes Tambo's remarks at the press conference. The newsletter says Zwelakhe Sisulu, the son of imprisoned ANC leader Walter Sisulu and of Albertina Sisulu, a co-president of the United Democratic Front (UDF), is a journalist and scholar who has been deeply involved in the black labor movement in South Africa; Mr. Sisulu is a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University for the 1984-85 academic year; the newsletter includes comments drawn from the question period that followed his talk on April 25 to a Harvard class studying South African history. The newsletter reports that in telegram to Prime Minister David Lange of New Zealand, Denis Brutus of the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SAN-ROC) call on him to take all possible further steps to halt the proposed tour of South Africa by a New Zealand rugby team. The newsletter says Australian cricketers chosen for a tour of England this year were told they would be replaced unless they agreed not to accept an invitation to tour South Africa. The newsletter reports two Britons pleaded guilty to charges of conspiring to illegally export military aircraft parts to South Africa. The newsletter reports police arrested 140 Berkeley students after an anti-apartheid sit-in; unrest has spread over U.S. campuses around the issue of divestment from companies doing business in South Africa. The newsletter includes information on/discusses the Dunfey family, the African National Congress (ANC), the Free South Africa movement, TransAfrica, Randall Robinson, Willard Johnson, P.W. Botha, Bishop Desmond Tutu, the SADF (South African Defence Force), "homelands", Bophuthatswana, apartheid, the Commonwealth Games, the Olympic Games, Gatsha Buthelezi, the Institute of Race Relations, Section 10 rights, SWAPO, Langa township, Brigadier Hans Dreyer, Koevoet, Lennox Sebe, the Ciskei bantustan, MNR, Secretary of State George Shultz, South African troops, the New Zealand Rugby Union, the kwaNdebele bantustan, Secretary-General Perez de Cuellar, Resolution 435, Paul Lusaka, the South African Medical and Dental Council, Steve Biko, the Nonaligned Movement, Louis le Grange, police, Uitenhage, Kwanobuhle, Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown, the Kannemeyer inquiry, Inkatha Youth Brigade. the Afrikaanse Studentebond (ASB), Popo Molefe, Patrick Lekota, Moses Chikane, Robben Island, the Basuto National Party, PAC (Pan Africanist Congress), the Reagan Administration, Foreign Minister "Pik" Botha, Dudza township, the Cabora Bassa hydroelectric scheme, Zwide, black miners, the European Community, the AWB, Sam Nujoma, the Krugerrand, the UN Council for Namibia, Col. Convicted mercenary "Mad Mike" Hoare, Soweto, Aubrey Mokoena. Rev. Frank Chikane, Andries Raditsela, the Chemical Workers Union, FOSATU, Roger Wilkins, migrant workers, Tsakane township, Sipho Mutsi, 20, the Council of South African Students, UNITA, Allister Sparks, the University of California in Berkeley, Mohammed-Allie Razak, Baragwanath hospital, Shridath (Sonny) Ramphal, Andries Raditsela, Chris Dlamini, Defense Minister Magnus Malan, Vernon Nkadimeng, SACTU (South African Congress of Trade Unions), Santa Petroff, MPLA, the South African Communist Party, President dos Santos, Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela, Zinzi Mandela, Aubrey Mali of the Release Mafidela Committee, Mncedisi Sithoto, Section 50 of the Internal Security Act, Merriman Nduna, Marines Ngobese and Zane Mapela, Governor Mario Cuomo of New York, the International Labor Organization, a Gulf Oil Corporation refinery in the enclave of Cabinda, the Soweto Youth Organization, the trade union MACWUSA, Brigadier Piet Coetzee, the KwaZulu Bantustan, Malinga Zondo, Hendrik Witbooi, the Namibian Council of Churches, PFP (Progressive Federal Party), Capt. Wynand du Toit, the Southern Cross Fund, Speaker of the House Tip O'Neill, and President Reagan. Contents: Oliver Tambo "The Situation Can't Wait" • Zwelakhe Sisulu Looking Ahead • An Appeal to Lange • Southern African News Calendar April and May 1985 • TRAILS AND DETENTIONS ARE CONTINUING • Acronyms and Abbreviations
Used by permission of a former staff member of the International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, United States Committee.
Collection: International Defense and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, United States Committee (Geoff Wisner collection), Michigan State University Libraries Special Collections


text:
FIATA and Forward Belgium
Congress Programme
Accompanying person
Pre- & Post-Congress tours
Dear friends, colleagues and partners,
Here we are, two years after the planned FIATA World Congress in Brussels, Belgium, postponed due to the pandemic which shook the world, to warmly invite you to join us this time in Europe! The 2023 FIATA World Congress will take place in Brussels, Belgium in October, where we will meet to exchange, learn, network with new faces, and enjoy the best of Belgium culture!
The Congress host for the 2023 FWC, Forward Belgium, the Belgian Freight Forwarding Association, have invested considerable time into planning this long-awaited Congress since the winning bid in 2018. Eyes will move to the city which is de facto capital of the European Union, where international bodies come together to progress in collaboration, and European logistics is strategically well-placed! Brussels lies just 30km from the Port of Antwerp, the second largest port in Europe. The city is well-connected not only via sea, but also air, with Brussels International Airport, the Liege Cargo airport, and Ostend airport in reachable vicinity of the capital. Road and rail transport are also strategically well-placed in this European capital, where important connections to powerhouse Germany, France and Northern Europe can be found.
With this Congress organised and hosted under the title 'The Changing Climate of Logistics', the freight forwarding community at large, including FIATA members and non-members, can expect focus on the sustainability of our industry, and to put heads together on moving forward sustainably to meet government-set goals and regulations in coming years. The organising host shares of a dense schedule to discuss important matters which touch the global logistics community, and promises an excellent networking and growth opportunity for delegates who join us!
We thank the Forward Belgium team, particularly 2023 FIATA World Congress Chairman Marc Huybrechts, for their support, heartfelt welcome to Brussels, and the host country authorities and involved organisations who have helped to make the event possible.
We at FIATA, along with the organising committee, very much look forward to welcoming you to this international city, and hope to see many faces again very soon! Register at once so as to not miss this exciting opportunity!
FIATA President
Dear Colleagues, Dear Sponsors,
FORWARD Belgium (the Belgian Freight Forwarding Association) is honoured to host the 2023 FIATA World Congress in Brussels.
Brussels is considered the de facto capital of the European Union, where key decisions are made on a daily basis and where more than 2000 international associations are present for that very reason.
The FIATA World Congress is held every year and is one the largest and most important events in the logistics industry's calendar.
The FIATA World Congress will benefit from the easy connections with all major European and non-European cities.
Thanks to its central location, Belgium – the Heart of Europe – is the perfect country to set up an European logistics headquarter or distribution centre; because of its infrastructure, skilled workforce and the IT opportunities, it is an ideal location to conquer the European market.
One of Belgium's transport infrastructure's key components is its many seaports, including the Port of Antwerp, which is the second largest in Europe and only 30 km away from Brussels.
Brussels, Liege and Ostend airports are important hubs for Full Freighters and Belgium is a preferred location for many Full Freighter operators' European head offices.
The seaports of Antwerp, Zeebrugge, Ghent and Brussels, as well as the many inland waterway ports, the logistics and distribution centres, are all growing rapidly by seizing all opportunities and taking on new challenges.
For its 2023 edition, the FIATA World Congress' theme and tagline is '' The Changing Climate of Logistics '', with sustainability and climate change high on the agenda. The Congress will also be an opportunity to reflect on COVID-19 and its significant impacts on our daily work. COVID-19 was unexpected but proved the strength of our industry to be adaptable and resilient and also unveiled our weaknesses – at 2023 FWC, we will take some time to understand how we can better anticipate and discuss ways to be stronger as a community.
2023 FWC promises to be a very dense exchange between our participants, full of insightful conversations on the future of our industry.
We very much look forward to this special event and hope you will find exciting opportunities in this sponsoring and exhibitors brochure.
Marc Huybrechts
Chairman 2023 FIATA World Congress
Registration for the 2023 FWC is now open!
Join us in Brussels to discuss "The Changing Climate of Logistics", connect with our industry's thought leaders, innovators and policymakers, and network with freight forwarders from all over the world.
News and Update
For the 2023 FWC, we are committed to bringing you the most influential logistics event in the world.
At the Congress, many of the world's leading logistics companies will showcase their latest innovations, and we will be announcing soon the industry leaders who will speak on our FIATA World Congress stages.
As we prepare for the 2023 FWC registration to launch in the fall, read more about our plans for the Congress in the News Section.
What's New for the 2023 FWC
The 2023 FIATA World Congress will introduce a new programme.
A letter from 2023 FIATA World Congress Chair
Why the FIATA Congress?
Book a stand, sponsor the Congress!
Want to exhibit or sponsor the FWC?
Showcase your brand,
launch your latest innovations
and win business at the ultimate platform for logistics
and freight forwarders.
FIATA World Congress 2023 Secretariat
AIM Group Belgium
Grensstraat, 7
B-1831 Diegem (Belgium)
Email: fiata2023@aimgroup.eu
©FIATA 2023 / GDPR