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Posts tagged "Jefferson Powers"
Batman is dead…long live Batman!
I like Batman as much as the next guy. He's a character with a simple, relatively believable back story and far and away the most impressive roster of villains of any superhero out there. The character's continuous appearance for over 70 years in just about every media there is, from comics to movies to video games, is a clear testament to the versatility and longevity of the character.
But, perhaps as a result of that continuous, never ending flow of Batman material, I have never followed any of the monthly Batman titles for more than a handful of issues, usually when they get a writer or artist I particularly like or do a single story I find interesting. My favorite version of the character is the one presented in Batman: the Animated Series and its assorted spin-offs in the 1990s. I liked its more simple approach to Batman and his supporting cast, free of the complicated continuity of the DC comics universe.
It was this connection to continuity that kept me from reading much of Grant Morrison's run on the regular Batman title, but when DC launched Morrison's new series Batman and Robin, I decided to jump in, hoping that it would stand alone like his excellent All-Star Superman. It turned out that Batman and Robin would in fact be firmly entrenched in the DC universe, picking up soon after the largely unintelligible Final Crisis, but its premise was relatively simple. All the reader needed to know was that Bruce Wayne had died and former Robin Dick Grayson had taken over as Batman, with Damian, Bruce's son and grandson of classic Batman villain Ras al Ghul, stepping in as the new Robin.
The thing I love most about the series is the juxtaposition of these two characters and the sharp contrast with their predecessors. Where Bruce Wayne was driven and overly intense, Dick Grayson is a bit more relaxed, yet unsure of himself. Damian's Robin is no wisecracking sidekick, but an imperious little snot with an overblown sense of entitlement who nevertheless backs up Grayson as Batman. The interplay between the two characters is a refreshing change from the usual hero-sidekick stuff.
So I greeted the ads for the release of Batman: the Return of Bruce Wayne with more than a little disappointment. Dick Grayson's Batman was just getting interesting, and now that wet blanket Bruce Wayne is going to come back and ruin everything. On the other hand, Grant Morrison is writing it, with an impressive lineup of artists including Chris Sprouse (Tom Strong) for the first issue and Frazer Irving (Seven Soldiers: Klarion) for the second.
The first two issues tell the story of a mysteriously resurrected Bruce Wayne who is lost in time with no memory of who he is. But amnesia can't repress his need to see justice done, first for a tribe of cave men wiped out by their aggressive neighbors, and later in 16th century Gotham as he tries to put a stop to a trumped up witch trial. All the while, Superman and some of the Justice League chase him through time making cryptic comments about how something bad will happen if he makes it back to the 21st century.
It's an intriguing story, covering a lot of the cosmic weirdness that fans of Morrison's Doom Patrol and Invisibles should be familiar with. Even though the time travel story seems at odds with the usual Batman fare, the idea that Bruce Wayne is first and foremost a survivor is a strong one, especially when that very survival is the story's underlying threat.
I'm sure the story will end with some kind of return to the basic Batman status quo, which is unfortunate but ultimately necessary. Staying simple and basically the same is what has ensured the character's survival for this long, after all.
— Jefferson Powers
Posted by Jefferson - May 26, 2010 at 2:36 pm
Categories: Blog, Reviews Tags: Jefferson Powers
Marvel's Avengers gets a new #1
I haven't really been a Marvel fan since the early 1980s. I used to thrill to John Byrne's Fantastic Four and Alpha Flight, Frank Miller's Daredevil, Chris Claremont's X-Men, Bill Mantlo and Rick Leonardi's Cloak and Dagger… I even read Secret Wars II and ALL the crossovers.
But in 1986 when DC managed to poach a large amount of Marvel's talent, I went with them, and found Byrne's Superman and Miller's Batman just as thrilling. For the most part I never looked back, a situation helped by the declining quality of most of Marvel's output throughout the dark ages of the 1990s.
Since then there really hasn't been much to lure me back to Marvel, with a few exceptions (Ed Brubaker's incredible work on Daredevil and Captain America being chief among them). My taste for big crossovers has faded sharply since those heady Secret Wars II days, so even though I started reading Brian Michael Bendis' New Avengers when it started back in 2004, it quickly sank into the fog of whatever summer "event" was going on at the time and lost me.
So it took a little work to convince myself to pick up the newly renumbered Avengers #1, by Bendis and John Romita Jr. I do have to admit that the collector's nightmare of starting a series over with a new number one issue usually works on me – I'll at least pick it up and look at it most of the time. And I've always found Romita Jr's artwork to be very appealing, ever since he drew X-Men and Star Brand back in the glory days.
The classic Avengers team of Iron Man, Captain America (albeit the new one), Thor and Hawkeye are joined by Spider-Man, Wolverine and Spider-Woman, all favorites of writer Brian Michael Bendis and mainstays of the team since his New Avengers in 2004. It's a treat to see Romita Jr draw them: his Thor is larger than life (even for a superhero), towering over the other characters, his Spider-Man is lithe and acrobatic, and he remembers that Wolverine is supposed to be short.
While I'm not sure I'll ever get used to Wolverine being an Avenger, Spider-Man's presence rings true and seems particularly important, as I imagine his jokey, carefree voice is closest to Bendis' own. Bendis is a master of snappy dialogue, and he doesn't disappoint here, although the sheer amount of witty repartee strains credibility a bit – nearly all the characters, not just Spider-Man, are a little too quick with the jokes. The "menace from the future" plot is extremely tired, but the surprise reveal at the end of the issue made it look like things may not necessarily be what they seem.
It was certainly intriguing enough to make me want to read the next issue, which is the ultimate goal of any monthly comic book.


Oracle works in a number of ways with major donors to ensure their gift is utilised in the most effective way. Some donors prefer to make a one-off donation to support a particular project with other donors raising sums over a set period of time to support a particular project. However you wish to donate to Oracle, we will work with you ensure your major gift is recognised and deployed in the most effective way.
By committing to cover the costs of a particular research project, you will receive a number of unique benefits and personal updates on the impact and progress of your funded project.
Fellowships are set up for a number of reasons: to restrict a major gift; to remember an individual; to collect the fundraising proceeds from a group of individuals or company employees. If you are interested in discussing the option of setting up your own Fellowship, please contact us.
Established in 2014, the Mark Donegan Fellowship was set up in memory of Mark Donegan (pictured), the former CEO of an investment company, Altima Partners, who sadly died from throat Cancer in February 2014.
The Fellowship was set up to fund specific research projects under the guidance of Professor Kevin Harrington and is currently funding Dr Joan Kyula and Dr Victoria Roulstone's reo-virus project at the Institute of Cancer Research.
Former throat cancer patient Julian Gilbert and a Committee of friends raised over £40,000 through fundraising events and donations between 2017-8. This fundraising was restricted to support the costs of research by PhD student Alexandra Rose as she investigates new treatment options for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands.
Read more about Julian's Journey campaign and Julian's own cancer story.
Oracle Cancer Trust is a registered charity in England and Wales (1142037). A company limited by guarantee. Registered company in England and Wales (7125497). Registered address: 10 Parsons Green House, 27 Parsons Green Lane, London SW6 4HH.


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Completed/Ended
- sci-fi
- drama
- war
- relationship
Battlestar Galactica: Blood & Chrome
The Cylons, who developed human-form models, launch a massive attack against the humans and The Twelve Colonies are destroyed. Commander Adama of the BSG and President Laura lead 47,000 survivors on a desperate search for the fabled 13th Colony - Earth. With a focus on tough political, philosophical and religious issues, this intense tale has realistic and not always perfect characters.
Characters: #3 of 34 (Full List)
Captain Kara 'Starbuck' Thrace
Kathryn Ann "Katee" Sackhoff is an American actress known mainly for playing Captain Kara "Starbuck" ...
Kara "Starbuck" Thrace is a gifted Viper pilot, with an attitude that has hindered her career in the Colonial Fleet. However, William Adama has confidence in Thrace's military skills, and she greatly aids the Fleet inside and out of the cockpit. She is the last Commander, Air Group (CAG) of Galactica, and mysteriously vanishes in a region that will later be known as Tanzania on the second Earth shortly after the Fleet's arrival on the planet (Daybreak, Part II).
Thrace's mother Socrata was a former Colonial Marine Corps sergeant major. She beat her daughter so frequently that Thrace came to accept pain as a way of life ("Flesh and Bone", "Maelstrom").
Her father Dreilide was a pianist and composer. Kara seems to have been closer to him than with her mother (Valley of Darkness, Someone to Watch Over Me) until he left them.
Thrace left home to join the military. During her training, she was disciplined for insubordinate conduct towards superior officers.
She was a talented pyramid player (Resistance), and was up for the pros, but an injured knee took her out of contention. However, she discovered a passion and skill for being a fighter pilot (Podcast:The Hand of God).
One of her early posts was aboard the battlestar Triton. While there, she offended Commander Myron Ruth, who initiated court-martial proceedings against her, but the charges were later dropped (The Son Also Rises).
Thrace eventually returned to flight school as an instructor, where she fell in love with one of her students, Zak Adama. Despite his poor performance, she allowed him to pass his final check flight although he failed three of the required maneuvers (Act of Contrition).
Thrace lost Zak Adama when he was killed during a routine mission shortly after graduating. Lee Adama ("Apollo"), Zak's elder brother, blamed their father for Zak's death, and Thrace, feeling guilty, kept quiet. She met William Adama shortly after the accident, and the two formed a strong rapport and stood together at the funeral (Act of Contrition).
Thrace resigned as an instructor and returned to the Fleet as an operational pilot on the battlestar Galactica under the command of William Adama, where she served for some two years prior to the Cylon attack on the Twelve Colonies. Before the Cylon attack, she was second-in-command to the CAG, Jackson Spencer.
She has a rarely-used run-down apartment in Delphi that overlooked a parking lot, and a Colonial version of a Humvee which she and Helo use to escape the city and get to the country where she meets her Samuel Anders. She was also an avid painter, and her apartment is cluttered with her paintings and a poem written on a wall (Valley of Darkness). The apartment was neater when Thrace was with Zak Adama, although her mandala wall painting pre-dates that relationship. (Daybreak, Part I).
Thrace hides the fact that she is deeply spiritual. She frequently prays to the Lords of Kobol, particularly Aphrodite and Artemis in dire situations (Miniseries, "Flesh and Bone", "You Can't Go Home Again").
Captain Kara 'Starbuck' Thrace Photos
Previous: President Laura Roslin Next: Dr. Gaius Baltar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


AMSTERDAM, The Netherlands – In correlation with the introduction of its D23m I/O system and A-Link 3 Gbit/s optical interface, HARMAN's Studer is announcing the first MADI I/O card specifically designed to fit in the new D23 frame, which works seamlessly with Studer Vista X and Vista V digital consoles. The card may also be used in the Vista 1 I/O card slot.
The new I/O card is a dual slot card fitted with two redundant MADI interfaces and provides up to 128 channels of inputs and 128 channels of outputs on the two fully redundant interfaces. SFP modules are used for the front panel MADI interfaces and these hot-pluggable devices are available in a variety of optical and electrical formats.
MADI is a worldwide standard and is used for high capacity interfaces to much studio equipment such as Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs), video and audio routers, other consoles and, most importantly, stage boxes. Studer stage boxes have embedded control within the MADI stream, even if all 64 channels are used for audio. This new card may be connected to two Studer stage boxes, either D21m type or the Compact Stagebox. Full microphone control and remote frame status monitoring for both frames is provided on the console application.
Each of the two MADI interfaces provides dual outputs (with the same audio and control data). The MADI inputs will automatically switch in less than a millisecond to the reserve input if the data is corrupt or fails, thus providing full cable redundancy for typical OB operations.
MADI channel count to the D23m backplane may be set for both interfaces in eight channel steps individually from eight channels to 64 channels. MADI outputs may be set to 56-channel mode for compatibility with legacy equipment. MADI inputs may be in either 64- or 56-channel mode. Input sample rate converters may be enabled for use with non-synchronous sources.
The MADI interfaces will run at 44.1 kHz, 48kHz, 88.1kHz and 96kHz in the D23m frame. Channel count is halved unless two pairs of cables are used.


Our entire team gathered one Sunday night after closing to taste through the Thanksgiving wines that our Wine Director, Nick, selected this year. The consensus? They're all winners. There wasn't a loser among them (and we have a really opinionated staff. Really. Opinionated.) That said, there are marked differences among each bottle. We encourage you to grab a staff member for help in selecting the style that will match your palate.
This entry was posted in Learn About Wine, Wine Pairings and tagged thanksgiving, thanksgiving dinner pairing, thanksgiving dinner wine, turkey, white wine, wine to pair with turkey on November 9, 2016 by bottlesfinewine.
Everyone has opinions about which wines pair best with Thanksgiving dinner.
Some say only drink Beaujolais, some dictate pinot noir. Some suggest drinking bubbly wine throughout the entire meal (let's have dinner at their house!), some suggest pairing a different wine with each course.
None of the above are wrong, of course. The only wrong wine to serve with the most written about meal of all time is the one you don't like.
The tack we take for you, our loyal, trusting friends, is not to demand that you drink one style, but rather to suggest a variety of turkey-and-fixins'-friendly wines to meet all palates. Want to serve Italian wine? We have one for you. Rather show your love of the USA? We got that, too. Any of the wines below will be do what a good Thanksgiving wine is supposed to do: taste good and support the glorious flavors on the table.
Herewith, our top red wine picks for Thanksgiving 2016.
This entry was posted in Learn About Wine, Wine Pairings and tagged red wine for thanksgiving, thanksgiving, thanksgiving dinner wine, thanksgiving wine pairing on November 2, 2016 by bottlesfinewine.
With cooler, fall nights upon us, the soul starts to crave rich, creamy, nourishing soups. Ben Lloyd, Chef-Owner of The Salted Slate (just a hop and a skip from Bottles) has a satisfying roasted cauliflower situation that fits the bill. He's shared his recipe in the current issue of Edible Rhody, and we're happy to re-post it here, along with our wine pick, the Palagetto Vernaccia "Santa Chiara" DOCG.
Made from 100% Vernaccia grapes grown in the town of San Gimignano in Tuscany, this beautiful white is crisp enough to cut through the soup's rich creaminess, and steely enough to match the cauliflower flavor. Its touch-of-fruitiness on the finish plays nicely with the hazelnut, too.
Preheat oven to 425°. Toss the vegetables with olive oil and season with 2 teaspoons salt and a pinch of white pepper. Place them on a large baking sheet in the oven. When vegetables are roasted but not too browned (about 15 minutes), remove from oven.
In a medium sauce pot melt butter and add roasted vegetables along with 2 bay leaves. Add stock to cover the vegetables and add 1 tablespoon salt.
Bring to a boil then quickly reduce to a simmer. Simmer for 10 minutes.
Purée soup in a blender, then add yogurt and cream. Quickly pulse soup to distribute the cream and yogurt. Optionally, strain the soup through a fine-mesh sieve for a more refined velvety-textured soup.Return to pot and season with salt to taste.
Serve in warm bowls topped with minced chives, a sprinkle of the hazelnuts and a few drops of hazelnut oil.
Yields approximately 2½ quarts of soup.
This entry was posted in Learn About Wine, Wine Pairings and tagged Cauliflower, edible rhody, roasted, salted slate, Santa Chiara, soup, Vernaccia on September 21, 2016 by bottlesfinewine.
Can't get more "New England in the Spring" than with this classic clam & squid salad from the current edition of Edible Rhody and Al Forno's Chef David Reynoso. The addition of the fava beans and scallions anchors it to the season, and allows for more adventurous parings.
Try it with the Brasserie Dupont Foret for a perfect 'surf & turf' pairing. The Saison's well-integrated spice notes balance the earthiness of the fava beans and richness of the squid.
As for wine, we really enjoyed the salad with Camp Chardonnay. This is not your typical California butter bomb — it truly is more like a fine white Burgundy. Bright lemon, green apple and fresh herb flavors make it perfect match to the clams and favas.
Place the clams, wine, garlic and ½ cup of water in a large covered pan. Steam the clams over medium heat. Check the clams after about 5 minutes and place the open clams into 4 warm bowls. Continue steaming, checking every few minutes, until all the clams have opened and been distributed evenly between the bowls.
Add the calamari and fava beans to the pan, stir constantly and cook for 3–4 minutes, until the calamari is firm.
Remove the garlic clove. Drain all but 1½ cups cooking liquid and add the scallions, parsley, olive oil and lemon juice to the calamari. Divide the calamari and fava beans among the 4 bowls. Finish each bowl with a pinch of sea salt. Serves 4 as a first course or light supper.
This entry was posted in Learn About Beer, Learn About Wine, Wine Pairings and tagged al forno, brasserie dupont, calamari, camp, chardonnay, clams, fava, littleneck, saison on June 1, 2016 by bottlesfinewine.


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Police, prosecutors review arrest of ex-football player
Law_Crime
Desmond Marrow
Robbie Swinson
FILE - This is a 2012 file photo showing Desmond Marrow of the Houston Texans NFL football team. Police and prosecutors in Georgia say they're reviewing the arrest of a former NFL player whose lawyers say officers used excessive force. ... more >
By KATE BRUMBACK - Associated Press - Monday, April 30, 2018
ATLANTA (AP) - Police and prosecutors in Georgia say they're reviewing the arrest of a former football player whose lawyers say officers used excessive force.
Video circulated online last week of the Dec. 2 arrest of Desmond Marrow in a shopping center parking lot in McDonough, just south of Atlanta. Marrow, 30, is a former college football player who tried to catch on with two NFL teams.
In the one-minute video clip, officers can be seen forcefully taking a handcuffed Marrow to the ground by sweeping his legs out from under him as he yells, "I'm not even fighting back." When he's on the ground, an officer puts his hand on Marrow's throat for several seconds and Marrow says, "I can't breathe," while another officer tells him to settle down.
Chris Stewart, an attorney for Marrow, said it's clear from the video that Marrow wasn't resisting and the officers used excessive force. The officers should be fired and the charges against Marrow should be dropped, Stewart said.
Robbie Swinson, who witnessed Marrow's arrest, said in a phone interview Monday that the video "speaks for itself, and it shows excessive force" because Marrow was already cuffed. But he said it only shows a tiny slice of a long encounter and that Marrow aggressively chased another vehicle down the road and in the parking lot, talked about shooting people and then scuffled with police as they tried to handcuff him.
Although a use of force review was done at the time of the arrest, Henry County police Chief Mark Amerman earlier in April ordered an internal affairs investigation, department spokesman Capt. Joey Smith said in an email Friday. One of the officers was placed on administrative duty pending the outcome of the investigation, he said.
"The Henry County Police Department takes any charges of excessive use of force very seriously and wants to assure the public that this event will be fully investigated," Smith said.
Henry County District Attorney Darius Pattillo said in an emailed statement Friday that his office is conducting a parallel investigation to determine whether the use of force was justified. That is being done by a review panel that includes Pattillo, his chief investigator, another veteran prosecutor and a use of force expert.
"The portion of the video distributed is graphic and violent, and we understand why people are disturbed by this," Pattillo said. "I can assure you that once the investigation is complete, we will respond appropriately."
His office is also examining the charges against Marrow, including felony obstruction of a law enforcement officer, misdemeanor reckless driving and misdemeanor aggressive driving.
Marrow told The Associated Press in an interview Friday that he was driving along when two white men pulled up next to him and started yelling racial slurs and threw a cup of coffee at him. He stayed calm but drove fast to follow them and get their license plate number and followed them into the parking lot to talk to them, he said.
One of the men listed on the police report as a victim disputes that. Scott Davis told the AP by phone Monday that Marrow began aggressively riding his bumper, cursed at him and his friend, threw a rock at their car and yelled that he had a loaded gun and would shoot them.
At one point, Marrow pulled in front of them and tried to block them and appeared to be getting out of his truck, so Davis threw a can of Coke to slow him down so they could get away, Davis said. Marrow then followed them into the shopping center parking lot and chased them "driving like a madman" as Davis called 911, Davis said.
Swinson saw Marrow chasing a car along the road and then saw him continue to chase the car through the parking lot, he said. Worried that one of them would hit someone in the parking lot, Swinson said he tried to get between the two cars to stop them.
He blocked Marrow, who got out of the car complaining that the men in the other car had thrown some liquid at his car and hollering that he had a gun, Swinson said.
Police found no weapons when they searched Marrow and decided to arrest him after speaking to the alleged victims and witnesses who said they had seen Marrow aggressively chasing another vehicle and making threats, a police report says.
Marrow played football at the University of Toledo in Ohio but wasn't drafted out of college. He signed a contract in 2012 with the Houston Texans but was cut during preseason. The Tampa Bay Buccaneers picked him up but he didn't make the team.


This essential sleep set contains all you need for those chasing the dream of restorative sleep.
• Beautiful and elegant 100% silk eye pillow. This eye pillow will block out unwanted light, to ensure the best possible chance of achieving a good night sleep.
• Sleep Well therapy balm (5g). A fragrant blend of relaxing palmarosa, calming lavender and soothing Ylang Ylang.
Apply to your pulse points (wrist, neck and temples) before going to bed, inhale deeply and reset your mood. We recommend that you repeat this every night to support a long term healthy sleeping routine.


We here at The Grove Health, understand and appreciate the complexity of Women's Health and Wellbeing therefore our approach is collaborative between all practitioners, welcoming a diversity of modalities and specialities. With ground breaking protocols, shared care ideals and inter-clinical mentoring, The Grove Health is a cornerstone of integrative practitioner networks providing a safe and supportive environment for all.
Do you experience any of the following? These can be unrelated to your menstrual cycle or occur pre, during or post your menses.
The Grove Health approach is a multi-disciplinary, science-based health care approach, where practitioners look "upstream" to consider the complex web of interactions in patient's history, physiology and lifestyle that lead to body dysfunction and illness. Diagnoses are measured by both conventional laboratory testing and testing that is specifically designed to evaluate organic and cellular functions.
The unique genetic makeup of each patient is considered, along with both internal (mind, body, spirit) and external (physical and social environment) factors that affect total functioning. A focus on prevention through nutrition, diet, exercise, botanical medicines, supplements, bio-identical hormones, stress management strategies, anti-aging methodologies combined with some conventional medical drugs where appropriate provide the best outcome for many patients. Working along with the body's physiology and powerful healing ability instead of against them to restore organic and cellular function forms the basis of our approach.


The power supply system consists of the air filter, a fuel tank, the fuel pump, топливопроводов and a fuel stage with nozzles. Besides, sensors, the fuel filter and a throttle branch pipe enter into a power supply system of engines with a regulator of pressure of fuel. The fuel pump electric, pogruzhny type is established in a fuel tank and is incorporated with the sensor of the index of level of fuel.
The inlet pipeline and throttle branch pipe are shown on fig. 2.153 .
Separate sockets of the sensor of absolute pressure (fig. 2.154) , an idling regulator (fig. 2.155 and 2.156) and the sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (see fig. 2.154 ).
Disconnect a cable of a drive of a butterfly valve.
Disconnect a hose of ventilation of a case (fig. 2.157) and a hose of the vacuum amplifier of brakes (fig. 2.158) .
Disconnect hoses of cooling liquid from unions of a throttle branch pipe (fig. 2.159) .
Disconnect contact sockets from fuel nozzles (fig. 2.160) .
Remove a fuel stage assembled with nozzles (fig. 2.161) .
Remove a rack of fastening of the inlet pipeline (fig. 2.162) .
Check a receiver on existence of defects or cracks and if necessary replace it.
Check the inlet pipeline on existence of damages or cracks.
Check an air hose on existence of damages or cracks.
Establish a fuel stage with nozzles.
At installation of a fuel stage it is necessary to accept precautionary measures not to allow falling of nozzles.
Connect contact sockets of nozzles.
Attach a hose of ventilation of a case and a vacuum hose of the amplifier of brakes.
Attach a cable of management of a butterfly valve.
Connect sockets of a regulator of idling, sensors of absolute pressure and the provision of a butterfly valve.
The air filter is shown on fig. 2.163 .
Disconnect an airintaking branch pipe from the case of the air filter.
Remove the case of the air filter, having unscrewed fastening bolts (fig. 2.164 and 2.165) .
Check the case, a cover and filtering element on lack of a buckling, corrosion or damages.
Check an airintaking branch pipe on absence of damages.
Check, will not bend and whether the exhaust silencer of noise of an admission is damaged.
Check filtering element on capacity reduction, pollution or damage. At insignificant pollution it is possible to remove a dust and other pollution by a purge by the compressed air from the top surface of an element (fig. 2.166) .
Check the case of the air filter on a contamination, pollution or existence of damages.
Installation of the air filter is carried out as it should be, the return to removal.
The air filter is assembled shown on fig. 2.167 .
The inlet pipeline and throttle branch pipe are shown on fig. 2.168 .
Separate sockets of the sensor of absolute pressure (fig. 2.169) , a regulator of idling and the sensor of provision of a butterfly valve.
Disconnect a hose of ventilation of a case (fig. 2.170) and a hose of the vacuum amplifier of brakes (fig. 2.171) .
Disconnect hoses of cooling liquid from unions of a throttle branch pipe (fig. 2.172) .
Disconnect an airintaking branch pipe from the case of the air filter and remove the filter case (fig. 2.173) .
Disconnect contact sockets from fuel nozzles (fig. 2.174) .
Remove a fuel stage assembled with nozzles (fig. 2.175) .
Remove a rack of fastening of the inlet pipeline (fig. 2.176) .
Remove the inlet pipeline in collecting and laying of the inlet pipeline.
Check a receiver on lack of defects or cracks and if necessary replace it.
Check the inlet pipeline on absence of damages or cracks.
Check an air hose on absence of damages or cracks.
Establish the inlet pipeline with new laying.
The air filter is shown on fig. 2.177 .
Remove the case of the air filter, having unscrewed fastening bolts (fig. 2.178) .
Check the case, a cover and filtering element (fig. 2.179) on existence of a buckling, corrosion or damages.
Check filtering element on capacity reduction, pollution or damage. At insignificant pollution it is possible to remove a dust and other pollution by a purge by the compressed air from the top surface of an element (fig. 2.181) .
On Hyundai Getz cars the electronic control system of the engine, i.e. system of the distributed injection of fuel is applied. Distributed injection is called because for each cylinder fuel is injected by a separate nozzle. The system of injection of fuel allows to reduce toxicity of the fulfilled gases at improvement of road performance of the car.
There are systems of the distributed injection with feedback and without it. In the present section only the short description of the general principles of the device, work and repair of systems of injection of fuel is given.
Hyundai engines are equipped with a control system with feedback. In system of release catalytic converter and the sensor of concentration of oxygen which provides feedback is established. The sensor traces concentration of oxygen in the fulfilled gases, and the controler on its signals supports such ratio of air and fuel which provides the most effective work of converter.
In injection system without feedback converter and the sensor of concentration of oxygen is not established, and for concentration adjustment WITH in the fulfilled gases serves WITH - a potentiometer. In this system the catching system паров gasoline is not applied also.
At works with a control system of the engine the following adaptations can be demanded.
1. A manometer with a hose for check of pressure of fuel (fig. 2.181) .
2. A connecting branch pipe for a manometer of pressure of fuel (fig. 2.182) .
3. An adapter for a manometer of pressure of fuel (fig. 2.183) .
Determination of malfunctions always needs to be begun with the main systems of the engine (tab. 2.3 and 2.4).
In the presence of one of the following malfunctions: the engine is not started up, the engine unstably idles or the engine does not possess sufficient acceleration performance – first of all check the following.
2. Connections with "mass" of a body of the car.
– frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine idling.
Malfunctions of a control system with system of the distributed injection of fuel often are connected by the engine with contact violation in connections of wires. Surely check all connections of wires and be convinced of their reliability.
For removal of the electronic control unit (EBU) previously remove the bottom facing of the dashboard, operating carefully not to scratch the dashboard.
If the control lamp of malfunction of a control system burns with the engine and codes of malfunctions are stored in memory of EBU, check codes by means of the diagnostic HI-SCAN device and write down, then disconnect a wire from the negative plug of the storage battery.
Establish a steering column in the top situation.
Remove an upholstery of a door and face facing of the dashboard.
Uncover the block of safety locks (fig. 2.184) .
Unscrew two bolts and two screws of fastening of EBU (fig. 2.185) .
Separate the data line socket, disconnect a cable of a drive of the lock of a cowl and remove the bottom facing of the dashboard (fig. 2.186) .
Remove EBU (fig. 2.187) .
– the steering wheel is established in the situation corresponding to rectilinear movement (only for cars with the amplifier of a steering).
Attach a control tachometer to primary winding of the coil of ignition (follow indications of the maintenance instruction of a tachometer) or attach the HI-SCAN device to the contact socket of a data line.
Increase frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft to 2000–3000 mines -1 for the period of more than 5 with, then let's work to the engine idling within 2 minutes.
Check on a tachometer frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft idling.
Frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft idling should correspond to control values for the check, given above.
Check operation of the fuel pump, having submitted tension of the storage battery on conclusions of the socket of the electric motor of the pump.
The fuel pump is established in a fuel tank therefore noise from it is audible only at the removed stopper of a bulk mouth of a tank.
Having compressed a hand bringing fuel hose, be convinced that it is under pressure. (fig. 2.188) .
Combine a back of a back seat, then cast away forward the combined back seat (fig. 2.189) .
Screw-driver open a cover of the hatch of the fuel pump in the car bottom under a back seat (fig. 2.190) .
For pressure dumping in fuel pipelines and hoses start up the engine at the disconnected fuel pump and wait, when the engine will stop.
Disconnect a wire from the negative plug («–») the storage battery and connect the contact socket of the fuel pump.
Before disconnecting the pipeline and a hose of supply of fuel, it is necessary to dump pressure of fuel to exclude its emission.
Attach a control manometer (fig. 2.191) to the fuel filter by means of an adapter (number according to the catalog of spare parts and adaptations 09353-24000, 09353-24100, 09353-38000). Reliably tighten the union of fastening of an adapter of a manometer.
Attach a wire to the negative plug («–») the storage battery.
Turn on the fuel pump, having submitted tension of the storage battery on conclusions of the contact socket of the pump.
Nominal rate of 350 kPas (3,5 kgfs/cm 2 ).
Stop the engine and track pressure of fuel on a control manometer: pressure should keep approximately within 5 minutes. If pressure falls, define speed of falling. Define and eliminate the pressure drop reason.
Disconnect a hose and a control manometer.
At a detachment of a hose cover the union with a rag to exclude fuel emission as топливопровод is under residual pressure.
Remove a pillow of a back seat and separate the contact socket of the fuel pump.
Disconnect a wire from the negative plug («–») the storage battery (fig. 2.192) .
Connect the contact socket of the fuel pump.
Screw-driver open a cover of the hatch of the fuel pump in the car bottom under a back seat (fig. 2.193) .
Disconnect a branch hose паров fuels (fig. 2.194) , then remove the modulation limiter.
Attach the modulation limiter to топливопроводам in the correct situation (fig. 2.195) .
Unscrew screws of fastening of the sensor of the index of level of fuel and take out the sensor from a tank (fig. 2.196) .
Malfunction of elements of a control system of the engine with the distributed injection of fuel (sensors, EBU, nozzles etc.) causes interruption of supply of fuel or its insufficient giving in engine cylinders at various modes of its work. The following malfunctions are thus possible.
In the presence of one of the specified signs first of all execute usual diagnostic procedure, including check of the main systems of the engine. After that check elements of a control system of the engine by means of the HI-SCAN device (at service stations of Hyundai cars).
The sensor of concentration of oxygen with heating is connected to EBU ekranirovanny wires, screens are connected to "mass" of a body for protection against hindrances against system of ignition and a radio noise. At damage of screens replace wires.
At check of loading of the generator do not disconnect a wire from the positive plug (В«+В») the storage battery to prevent EBU damage by the increased tension.
Before removal or installation of any of elements of system consider codes of malfunctions, then disconnect a wire from the negative plug (В«-В») the storage battery.
Before a wire detachment from the negative plug of the storage battery switch off ignition. The detachment or connection of wires of the battery at the working engine or the included ignition can cause damage of the electronic control unit.
At a charging of the storage battery from the external power supply disconnect a wire from the negative plug of the storage battery not to damage EBU.
In the presence of malfunction in a control system of the engine the control lamp (fig. 2.197 and 2.198) lights up . If the found malfunction is not shown after three consecutive cycles of operation of the engine, the lamp dies away. The lamp lights up at once after ignition inclusion (without engine start-up) that points to its serviceability.
Lighting up, the control lamp warns the driver about malfunction existence in a control system of the engine. However, if the found malfunction is not shown after three consecutive cycles of operation of the engine, the lamp dies away. The lamp lights up right after ignition inclusion (without engine start-up) that points to its serviceability.
– the control unit the engine is faulty.
For check be convinced that after ignition inclusion the lamp burns approximately during 5 with, and then dies away.
If the lamp does not light up, the possible reason is the wire breakage, a peregoraniye of a safety lock or the lamp.
The control unit the engine gives operating commands for actuation mechanisms and processes signals from sensors (some teams and signals constantly, others – only under certain conditions). If EBU finds a deviation from norm, he writes down a diagnostic code of malfunction and gives out a signal on the contact socket of a data line. The result of diagnostics is displayed by fire of a control lamp of malfunction or on the HI-SCAN device. Diagnostic codes of malfunction are stored in memory of EBU until on it tension from the storage battery moves. Codes of malfunction are removed at a detachment of the storage battery or separation of the EBU contact socket or are erased by means of the diagnostic HI-SCAN device.
At a detachment of the contact socket from any sensor at the included ignition in memory of EBU the malfunction code registers. In this case it is necessary to remove a malfunction code, having disconnected a wire from the negative plug («–») the storage battery.
1. If the same malfunction is found and remains during two cycles of a trip, the control lamp of malfunction of a control system of the engine automatically lights up.
2. The control lamp of malfunction of a control system of the engine dies away, if during three cycles of in a row malfunction are not found.
3. The diagnostic code of malfunction (DTC) registers in memory of EBU at failure detection after two cycles in a row. The control lamp of malfunction of a control system of the engine lights up at failure detection in the second cycle.
At detection of the admission of ignition of a mix the malfunction code, and a control lamp of malfunction of a control system of the engine registers lights up right after failure detection.
4. The malfunction code automatically is removed from memory of EBU if the same malfunction is not found during 40 cycles.
The cycle of warming up of the engine corresponds to sufficient time of its work during which the temperature of cooling liquid raises from the moment of engine start-up not less than on 4,5 В°C and reaches value not below 70 В°C.
The cycle of a trip includes start-up of the engine and car movement after the beginning of adjustment of structure of a mix on signals of sensors of concentration of oxygen.
Codes of malfunctions are given in tab. 2.5.
The arrangement of elements of a control system is shown by the engine on fig. 2.199, 2.200, 2.201, 2.202 .
For all drawings identical digital designation of elements of a control system by the engine, having an identical functional purpose is accepted.
Elements of a control system are shown by the engine on fig. 2.203, 2.204, 2.205, 2.206, 2.207, 2.208, 2.209, 2.210, 2.211, 2.212, 2.213, 2.214, 2.215 .
The sensor of absolute pressure (MAP) is executed in the form of the variable resistor sensitive to change of pressure. The sensor measures changes of pressure in the inlet pipeline depending on change of loading and frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine and will transform them to tension of a target signal. The sensor measures also barometric pressure at the moment of start-up of the engine and under some conditions provides EBU possibility automatically to be adjusted on different values of height above sea level. EBU submits on the sensor supply voltage 5 In and processes the signals of the sensor transferred on a chains of a signal transmission. The sensor is connected to "weight" via the built-in variable resistor. Depending on a signal of the EBU sensor regulates duration of supply of fuel and a corner of an advancing of ignition.
diagnostic codes of malfunctions in the following cases.
1. During 0,1 with the ambassador of inclusion of ignition pressure in the inlet pipeline less than 118 Mbar.
2. At frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft 1980 mines -1 pressure in the inlet pipeline less than 118 Mbar are lower.
3. At the released pedal of an accelerator pressure in the inlet pipeline not less than 986 Mbar, and frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft are not lower than 2400 mines -1 (as though the car moved down on a bias).
Check tension on conclusions В«1В» and В«4В» contact sockets of the sensor of absolute pressure (fig. 2.216) .
Conclusion «4» – "mass" of the sensor of absolute pressure.
Conclusion «1» – an exit of the sensor of absolute pressure.
At a tension deviation from norm replace the sensor of absolute pressure.
The sensor of temperature of the soaked-up air (IAT), built in the sensor of absolute pressure, is the sensor of termistorny type measuring air temperature on an admission of the engine. According to information on air temperature from the EBU sensor regulates amount of injected fuel.
The control lamp of malfunction of a control system of the engine lights up or on the HI-SCAN device diagnostic codes of malfunctions in a case when air temperature on an admission of the engine is lower–40 are deduced or +120 °C are higher.
Check. A multimeter check resistance of the sensor of temperature of soaked-up air on conclusions В«3В» and В«4В» (fig. 2.217) .
At a resistance deviation from norm replace the sensor of temperature of soaked-up air.
The sensor of temperature of cooling liquid is shown on fig. 2.218 .
The sensor of temperature of cooling liquid is established in the pipeline of cooling liquid on a head of the block of cylinders. It takes temperature of cooling liquid and gives out a signal on the control unit the engine. The sensor is executed in the form of a termistor sensitive to change of temperature. Electric resistance of the sensor decreases with temperature increase. EBU determines temperature of cooling liquid by value of tension of a signal of the sensor and establishes optimum enrichment of a toplivovozdushny mix at engine warming up (fig. 2.219, 2.220) .
Check. Remove the sensor of temperature of cooling liquid from the inlet pipeline.
Check resistance of the sensor, having shipped its sensitive element in hot water (fig. 2.221) .
At a resistance deviation from norm replace the sensor.
Installation. Put on a carving part of the sensor LOCTITE 962T hermetic or similar.
Reliably connect the contact socket of wires of the sensor.
The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve is shown on fig. 2.222 .
The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve is executed on the variable resistor which rotates with a butterfly valve axis, measuring a corner of its opening. Rotation of an axis of a zaslonka causes change of tension of a signal of the sensor by which the control unit determines by the engine extent of opening of a butterfly valve.
1. Information from the sensor of provision of a butterfly valve is important for management of an automatic transmission. Malfunction of the sensor can cause breakthroughs at gear shifting and other violations of work of an automatic transmission.
2. At violation of operation of the engine idling or deterioration of dynamics of dispersal check connection of the contact socket of the sensor. At bad connection of the contact socket of the sensor the data deduced by the HI-SCAN device, can indicate absence of transition to an idling mode at the released pedal of an accelerator. It will lead to violation of operation of the engine idling and to deterioration of dynamics of dispersal.
3. At the included ignition tension of a signal from the sensor is lower 0,1 In or above 4,7 In leads to fire of a control lamp.
Check. Separate the contact socket of the sensor of provision of a butterfly valve.
Check resistance on contacts В«2В» ("mass" of the sensor) and В«3В» (a sensor food) the contact socket of the sensor (fig. 2.223) .
Nominal rate of resistance of 0,7-3,0 kiloohms.
Attach an analog ohmmeter to contacts В«2В» ("mass" of the sensor) and В«1В» (a sensor signal) the contact socket of the sensor (fig. 2.224) .
Moment of an inhaling of the sensor of provision of a butterfly valve of 1,5-2,5 N В· m.
The sensor of provision of a camshaft (SMR) defines VMT of a step of compression of the piston of the first cylinder. The signal of the sensor is used by the control unit the engine for definition of sequence of injection of fuel (fig. 2.225) .
At check of the sensor use tab. 2.6.
The sensor of provision of a cranked shaft of the engine is shown on fig. 2.226 .
The sensor of provision of a cranked shaft of the engine, consisting of a magnet and a winding, is established at a gear wreath of a flywheel. The control unit determines by the engine frequency of rotation and the provision of a cranked shaft by a sensor signal.
Check. Separate the contact socket of the sensor of provision of a cranked shaft of the engine.
Check resistance between contacts В«1В» and В«2В» (fig. 2.227 and 2.228) .
Nominal resistance makes 0,486–0,594 kiloohms at temperature of 20 °C.
If resistance falls outside the limits the specified interval, replace the sensor.
Adjusting gap of the sensor of provision of a cranked shaft of the engine of 0,5-1,5 mm.
Moment of an inhaling of the sensor of provision of a cranked shaft of the engine of 9-11 N В· m.
The warmed sensor of concentration of oxygen (fig. 2.229) measures the content of oxygen in the fulfilled gases and will transform the measured size to tension of a signal which (fig. 2.230 and 2.231) stands out on the control unit the engine . At enrichment of a toplivovozdushny mix tension of a signal of the warmed sensor is higher settlement makes about 800 мВ, and at poorer mix (the bigger content of oxygen in the fulfilled gases) – about 100 мВ. Using signals of the sensor, EBU operates injection of fuel so that to receive settlement structure of a toplivovozdushny mix.
At malfunction of the sensor toxicity of the fulfilled gases can sharply raise.
At a sharp otpuskaniye of a pedal of an accelerator after operation of the engine at frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft about 4000 mines -1 supply of fuel quickly stops and the HI-SCAN device shows values not above 200 мВ. By sharp pressing a pedal of an accelerator of the indication will pass to an interval 600–1000 мВ. At decrease in frequency of rotation to idling tension of a signal will fluctuate from 200 мВ to 600 мВ. In this case it is possible to consider the sensor serviceable.
Nozzles (fig. 2.232) inject fuel on operating signals from the control unit the engine. The amount of fuel injected by a nozzle is defined by time during which on the electromagnetic valve of a nozzle operating tension (fig. 2.233) moves .
1. Insufficient pressure of fuel and leakage of fuel through nozzles can be the possible reasons of the complicated start-up of the hot engine.
– malfunction of the sensor of provision of a cranked shaft or sensor of provision of a camshaft.
– a compression in the cylinder.
ignitions, compression in engine cylinders etc.).
5. The control lamp of malfunction burns or on the HI-SCAN device the malfunction code is deduced at malfunction of a nozzle.
– check duration of injection of fuel nozzles.
It is possible to check working capacity aurally. For this purpose by means of a stethoscope hear to clicks of work of nozzles idling (fig. 2.234) . Be convinced that frequency of repetition of clicks raises with increase in frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the engine.
Listening carry out so that clicks were not transferred on a fuel stage from the next nozzle to an idle nozzle.
In the absence of a stethoscope check work of nozzles, putting to them a finger (fig. 2.235) . If thus vibration is not felt, check the contact socket, a nozzle or receipt of an operating signal from the control unit the engine.
For resistance check on conclusions of a nozzle separate the contact socket of a nozzle and check resistance on its conclusions (fig. 2.236) .
The nominal rate makes (15,9В±0,35) Ohm at temperature of 20 В°C.
Connect the contact socket of a nozzle.
The idling regulator (fig. 2.237) is equipped with two windings and (fig. 2.238) copes separate cascades of management of EBU . Depending on factor of filling of sequence of impulses balance of magnetic forces on both windings under the influence of which the electric motor of a regulator turns on different corners is created. The regulator of idling is established in the air channel executed parallel to the case of a butterfly valve.
Check. Separate the contact socket of a regulator of idling.
Check resistance between regulator conclusions.
10,5–14,0 Ohm, at measurement between conclusions «2» and «3» – 10–12 Ohm at 20 °C.
Connect the contact socket of a regulator of idling.
The sensor of speed of movement of the car represents the sensor of the Hall established opposite to a target shaft of a transmission. The sensor will transform frequency of rotation of a shaft of a transmission to the pulse signal which is given out on the control unit by the engine (fig. 2.239) .
In the presence of break or short circuit in a chain of the sensor of speed of movement the engine can decay at car delay to a full stop.
The detonation sensor (fig. 2.240) is established on the block of cylinders. Vibration of the block of cylinders arising at a detonation is transferred in the form of pressure upon a piezoelectric element of the sensor. This vibrating pressure will be transformed to tension of the signal which is given out on the control unit by the engine (fig. 2.241) . The arising detonation chokes with a way of reduction of a corner of an advancing of ignition.
Check. Separate the contact socket of the sensor and check resistance between conclusions В«1В» and В«2В» (fig. 2.242) .
Nominal resistance – about 5 megohms at temperature of 20 °C.
Moment of an inhaling of the sensor of a detonation of 16-25 N В· m.
Check capacity between conclusions В«1В» and В«2В».
The electronic control unit is shown on fig. 2.243 .
Fig. 2.244. The scheme of connections of EBU with "weight"
Check connection of the electronic block of a control system by the engine with "weight" (fig. 2.244) .
At turning on of the conditioner tension of the storage battery from the conditioner switch on the control unit the engine (fig. 2.245) moves . Having received a signal of turning on of the conditioner, EBU gives out command for a regulator of idling and turns on the power transistor of system of ignition (fig. 2.246) . After that a food moves on a winding of the power relay of the conditioner which works and turns on the electromagnetic coupling of the compressor of the conditioner (see fig. 2.246 ).
The electromagnetic valve of a purge of an adsorber (fig. 2.247) on-off, operates supply of blowing-off air through an adsorber (fig. 2.248) .
At ignition inclusion a food from the storage battery moves on the control unit the engine, nozzles, the sensor of absolute pressure etc. At the included ignition the chain of the switch of ignition incorporates to "weight" through a winding of the main relay of a food (fig. 2.249) .
Check. Check an integrity of a chain of contacts of the relay on conclusions «5» («+») and «1» («–») (fig. 2.250) .
Moment of an inhaling of the main relay of a control system of the engine of 7-11 N В· m.
On command from the control unit the engine the power transistor of system of ignition turns on. EBU gives out an operating signal on the ignition coil (fig. 2.25) , the current through primary winding of the coil of ignition sharply interrupts (fig. 2.252) . As a result in its secondary winding the impulse of a high voltage is induced.
The location of the fuel pump is shown on fig. 2.253 , the scheme of connections of the fuel pump – on fig. 2.254 .
The acceleration sensor (fig. 2.255) serves for definition of difficult road conditions. The signal of the sensor is used by the control unit the engine for the prevention of false detection of admissions of ignition of a toplivovozdushny mix (fig. 2.256) .
Check consists in determination of tension of a signal of the sensor of acceleration (tab. 2.8).
The drive of management is shown by supply of fuel on fig. 2.257 .
Remove the plug (fig. 2.258) and an internal part of a cable from the lever of a pedal of an accelerator.
Separate the contact socket of the switch of a pedal of an accelerator, unscrew bolts of fastening of an arm of the lever of a pedal of an accelerator (fig. 2.259) and remove an accelerator pedal.
– operability of the switch of a pedal of an accelerator.
At installation of a returnable spring and the lever of a pedal of an accelerator put universal konsistentny greasing in all points of a friction of the lever (fig. 2.260) .
Put hermetic in openings under bolts of fastening of an arm of the lever of a pedal of an accelerator (fig. 2.261) and tighten bolts the moment of 8-12 N В· m.
Put universal greasing on a cable tip (fig. 2.262) .
Injector motors surpass carburetor in many parameters, to take at least their profitability and problemless start-up in a frost. Nevertheless carburetor under our conditions sometimes appear more advantageous. Some automakers even deliver on our market cars with such engines. The whole matter is in the quality of gasoline which sell at us.
K-Jetronic (KE-Jetronic), electromechanical – L-Jetronic and electronic – Motronic, Lucas, Magneti Marelli.
Many systems have two operating modes: the main and emergency, used at malfunction of one of sensors. The driver can and not notice such malfunction: on the dashboard there is no corresponding control lamp, and the engine continues to work (but any more in an optimum mode). Similar quite often it happens on the Audi cars equipped with engines with the central injection of fuel. About a third of the motorists having such cars, do not guess at all that go in emergency operation. And it conducts to the increased fuel consumption, decrease in capacity, rough operation of the engine and the complicated start-up. Malfunction comes to light only at the next maintenance. Therefore on the "weak" places of systems of injection which are showing under our conditions, it is necessary to dwell.
Systems with mechanical injection. They more than others, are subject to physical wear. The regulator of pressure of fuel refuses usually through 80–120 thousand km of run (engine start-up considerably worsens), nozzles – through 60–80 thousand km (rough operation of the motor, the increased fuel consumption). Refusal of nozzles is especially artful, as it will notice not at once. Diagnostics and repair need special equipment.
Sore point of systems with electromechanical injection – подсос air through the numerous vacuum hoses tending to cracking after 4–5 years of service. Especially on BMW cars and in a little smaller degree on Аudi. To define such defect quite difficult.
Electronic systems of injection. They have problems. For example, the accumulator "sat down", and you on an old habit decided to "light" from other car. The electronic control unit of system of injection as a result fails. And application of etilirovanny gasoline, in turn, puts out of commission the sensor of concentration of oxygen (lambda probe) and catalytic converter.
As a whole both mechanical, and electronic systems of injection have the pluses and minuses. At mechanical the thicket is refused by gasoline pumps and batchers distributors.
To 10 000–15 000 km of run do complete washing of system of injection.
The system of supply of fuel consists of a fuel tank (fig. 2.263) , the fuel pump, the fuel filter, топливопроводов and a fuel stage with nozzles.
Combine a back of a back seat on a pillow, then cast away the combined seat forward (fig. 2.264) .
For pressure dumping in топливопроводах and hoses disconnect the contact socket from the fuel pump, start up the engine and wait, when it will stop.
For prevention of emission of fuel before a detachment топливопровода and a hose of supply of fuel dump pressure in system.
Disconnect a hose of a high pressure from the target union of the fuel filter (fig. 2.265) , disconnect the conductor of branch of a static electricity.
For prevention of emission of fuel under the influence of residual pressure cover hose connection by rags.
Disconnect from a tank a bulk hose and a perelivny tube.
Remove collars of fastening of a fuel tank to the bottom of a body of the car (fig. 2.266) .
– operation of the double-thread valve.
For check of the on-off valve slightly blow in it from entrance and target branch pipes. If air passes after small resistance, the valve is serviceable.
Attach to a tank a bulk hose it shorter, not goffered part.
Attach to the fuel pump a hose of a high pressure, without allowing its perekruchivaniye.


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This is a coloring page for your kids to enjoy. There are some pictures for coloring purpose provided in this color by number worksheets page as well.
Looking fun activity for your kids? Then coloring a picture might be one of the best solutions to do.
In this color by number worksheets article, we provide some of the black and white picture (uncolored) to be colored.
This activity is good for children, since they are still full of imagination at their current age. This can help to build their minds, to be sharp at identify the color. We have some pictures such as dinosaur, some famous cartoon characters, and other. This color by number worksheet also provides the instruction to follow, which color is used in where.
Thanks a lot for visiting us. If you're satisfied with this article feel free to share it with others in need.
Color by Number Worksheets on Kiddo Shelter. This content presented by Miss Kimberly on 21 October 2015 at 9:52 am. If you feel this post of Color by Number Worksheets is useful for you, feel free to share this nice Coloring Kiddo Shelter content for your kids activities.


Wednesday, November 14th, 2018 at 9:19am.
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text:
Q: Variable is concatenating, not incrementing in BASH Here is the code:
v=0
for var in "$@";do
        echo $var
        v+=1
        echo $v
done

Here is the command:
$ bash MyScript.sh duck duck goose

Here is the output:
duck
01
duck
011
goose
0111

So it appears (to me) to be treating the variable v as a string or not an integer. I am not sure why it would do this and I feel like this is a simple issue that I am just overlooking one small detail.
Is this an example of the pitfalls of non-static typing?
Thanks,

A: Use a math context to perform math. The bash-specific syntax for this is (( )):
(( v += 1 )) # not POSIX compliant, not portable

Alternately, a POSIX-compliant syntax for a math context is $(( )):
v=$(( v + 1 )) # POSIX-compliant!

...or...
: $(( v += 1 )) # POSIX-compliant!

There's also the non-POSIX-compliant let operation:
let v+=1 # not POSIX compliant, not portable, don't do this

...and the similarly non-POSIX-compliant declare -i:
declare -i v # not POSIX compliant, not portable, don't do this
             # ...also makes it harder to read or reuse snippets of your code
             # ...by putting action and effect potentially further from each other.
v+=1

A: Bash doesn't do that. You have to use the mathematical operation syntax $((...)), viz:
v=0
for var in "$@";do
    echo $var
    v=$((v+1))
    echo $v
one

Output of bash <file> duck duck duck goose:
duck
1
duck
2
duck
3
goose
4

A: just add typeset -i v to your shell:
example:
typeset -i v
v=12
v+=1
echo $v

gives
13

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rinorea microglossa Engl. est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Violaceae et du genre Rinorea. C'est une plante endémique du Cameroun.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
G. Achoundong, « Les Rinorea comme indicateurs des grands types forestiers du Cameroun », in L.J.G. van der Maesen, X.M. van der Burgt, J.M. van Medenbach de Rooy (dir.), The Biodiversity of African Plants, Springer, Dordrecht, 1996,
 G. Achoundong, « Les Rinorea et l'étude des refuges forestiers en Afrique », in Michel Servant, Simone Servant Vildary (dir.), Dynamique à long terme des écosystèmes forestiers intertropicaux, UNESCO/IRD, Paris, 2000,  ,

Liens externes

Espèce d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)
Violaceae
Flore endémique du Cameroun

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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On this page, students will find some of the methods historians and curators used to learn about the house at 16 Elm Street in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Students will learn how to use primary source documents, photographs and architectural clues to answer questions such as: Who lived in a hous
Clean Getaway
Nic Stone
How to Go on an Unplanned Road Trip with Your Grandma: Grab a Suitcase: Prepacked from the big spring break trip that got CANCELLED. Fasten Your Seatbelt: G'ma's never conventional, so this trip won't be either. Use the Green Book: G'ma's most treasured possession. It holds history, memories
We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga
Early Elementary School,Late Elementary School
Bilingual:
The Cherokee community is grateful for blessings and challenges that each season brings. This is modern Native American life as told by an enrolled citizen of the Cherokee Nation. The word otsaliheliga (oh-jah-LEE-hay-lee-gah) is used by members of the Cherokee Nation to express gratitude. Beginning
Butterfly Yellow
Thanhhà Lai
High School,Middle School
In the final days of the Việt Nam War, Hằng takes her little brother, Linh, to the airport, determined to find a way to safety in America. In a split second, Linh is ripped from her arms—and Hằng is left behind in the war-torn country. Six years later, Hằng has made the brutal journey from
Jacqueline Woodson
Raised in South Carolina and New York, Woodson always felt halfway home in each place. In vivid poems, she shares what it was like to grow up as an African American in the 1960s and 1970s, living with the remnants of Jim Crow and her growing awareness of the Civil Rights movement. Touching and power
Harbor Me
It all starts when six kids have to meet for a weekly chat--by themselves, with no adults to listen in. There, in the room they soon dub the ARTT Room (short for "A Room to Talk"), they discover it's safe to talk about what's bothering them--everything from Esteban's father's deportation and Haley's
IntersectionAllies: We Make Room for All
Chelsea Johnson
The brainchild of three women-of-color sociologists, IntersectionAllies is a smooth, gleeful entry into intersectional feminism. The nine interconnected characters proudly describe themselves and their backgrounds, involving topics that range from a physical disability to language brokering, offerin
Hena Khan
Grandma's hijab clasps under her chin. Auntie pins hers up with a whimsical brooch. Jenna puts a sun hat over hers when she hikes. Iman wears a sports hijab for tae kwon do. As a young girl observes the women in her life and how each covers her hair a different way, she dreams of the possibilities i
Derrick Barnes
The barbershop is where the magic happens. Boys go in as lumps of clay and, with princely robes draped around their shoulders, a dab of cool shaving cream on their foreheads, and a slow, steady cut, they become royalty. That crisp yet subtle line makes boys sharper, more visible, more aware of every
Aya Khalil
Kanzi's family has moved from Egypt to America, and on her first day in a new school, what she wants more than anything is to fit in. Maybe that's why she forgets to take the kofta sandwich her mother has made for her lunch, but that backfires when Mama shows up at school with the sandwich. Mama
When Aiden Became a Brother
Kyle Lukoff
When Aidan was born, everyone thought he was a girl. His parents gave him a pretty name, his room looked like a girl's room, and he wore clothes that other girls liked wearing. After he realized he was a trans boy, Aidan and his parents fixed the parts of his life that didn't fit anymore, and he set


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I finally got some glorious sleep last night after three days of back-and-forthing to that marathon labor. It's hard to explain sleep deprivation to someone who's never missed the majority of three nights of sleep in a row, but anyone with kids knows what it is like. It's kind of like being drunk, or maybe punch-drunk is a better way to explain it. You are walking and talking, but the higher functions of your brain have receded into the depths, leaving you to utter bookoo unfiltered sentences.
Take, for example, when I met the husband of a mutual friend yesterday. After the couple walked off, I turned to my other friend and said "I didn't like his face." I meant more his expression at the time, but whatevs. Same diff.
Functioning on a low amount of sleep also reminds me of what its like to have the winter blues, or Seasonal Affective Disorder, as it's known to people who like to give stuff names. Unlike the time I cried when it snowed again, SAD is a more deceptive condition. I am depressed, but I couldn't completely articulate why. I might cry, but rather than cry over the weather, I cry over completely unrelated and unimportant issues. Or I might laugh, but instead of laughing at jokes, I laugh at the shriveled piece of corn under the refrigerator. But mostly I experience an absence of feeling. For a person who is normally irrationally exuberant, the lack of emotions is an unsettling experience. But what were we talking about again?
ANYHOO, today promises to bring with it some good wholesome American fun. We are headed out to the town fair, and then in the afternoon I'm off to tea again with a lady friend. I'll report back with pictures taken of both...probably with my new obsession, the iPhone.
We only have a week left here before the big month-long southbound excursion. I went ahead and scheduled our trip to start Memorial Day weekend, figuring the kids up here get out of school at the same time we did down South. I was forgetting that they don't go back to school here until AFTER Labor Day--something about snow, the details escape me--so their school ends a whole week into June. Yikes! This little scheduling error means we are pulling Vivi out of pre-K a full two weeks early and missing graduation. I am not sure whether to count this as a missed opportunity or a big win. What are your thoughts on celebrating small milestones like that?
I really have nothing more to say on the above subject except what's already written. But it sums up my day-to-day life well. A wee bit of irony makes the day more interesting, no?
I am supposed to be preparing answers for a four-page list of questions, somewhere around 50 (!!!), for my weekend-long childbirth educator class that begins tomorrow. But instead I'm on here giving you the gossip, for which I can only say I love you more than punctuality. And that's saying a lot.
Charlie on her first morning of "stay and play" school.
October already? We have an action-packed month, including a move, some of my first doula clients, and getting in shape for my reunion row in a month. To give myself an outlet for discussing all that's happening and to hold myself accountable in my desire to exercise every day, I've decided to join up with NaBloPoMo, that thing where you blog every day for a month. I hope you'll read along!
If you know me well, you might know that today's post title happens to be the name of one of my favorite beers. But I'm not writing about beer this time, I'm writing about my discovery in the last two years of what really matters to me. My reason for existence, my everything, my be all to end all.
One of my doula clients is due tomorrow so am anxiously waiting to hear that it's time for me to head out to support her birth. Finding back-up care has been an interesting process, and I'm so grateful to have gotten wonderful offers of support coming from friends (both of whom have their hands full with third babies). Luckily I've got a few babysitters who have always come through for me.
This post was written for inclusion in the monthly Carnival of Natural Parenting hosted by Code Name: Mama and Hobo Mama. This month our participants have written about at least one part of their birth experience that they can hold up and cherish.
I've written before about the births of both of my daughters (here and here), but those posts were about the run-down of events, so I appreciate the chance to highlight a favorite part of my natural birth experiences to share with you today. It will be no surprise to those of you who know my recent career move (I became a birth doula this year) that I attribute most of the success of my natural births to having great birth partners. I was lucky enough to have both my mom and my husband present at my births, and in addition to their excellent support, my births were guided by intelligent midwives.
Watching them play peacefully from inside the house. Two peas in an adorable pod, they are.
Seems like we're due for me to give y'all a what-I'm-up-to brain dump. I mean, enough with the organization and the structured posts already, right? Things are going along swimmingly, that is if you don't count the fact that I got a second nasty cold in two months (so much for my moronic "I haven't been sick in two years!!" bragging, s'pose I had it coming), and the fact that it has been the dreariest of dreary weather for too long to count, and the fact that I am so disorganized right now that I missed Vivi's last-day-of-school-sing-along. And then two of my friends called later to ask "What was up with you not being there?" And then a third friend emailed to say "We missed you at the sing-along!"
Nevermind all that. I can't even. I might start crying.
I have been looking for new crock pot recipes lately for many reasons. My minimalist approach to parenting makes me gravitate toward healthy meals that require less of my time in the kitchen--no small feat. Plus I know I'll be running out on last-minute calls to my doula clients and don't want to leave my family in the lurch. Finally, I have a crock pot, a wedding gift I was very excited to receive over seven years ago (thanks Corinne!), and I almost never use it due to lack of inspiration and knowledge.
Mommy, play? How could I say no to this face?
Vivi loves this book, The Lady with the Alligator Purse. Back in my day, I remember the song well (it starts "Miss Lucy had a baby. His name was Tiny Tim. She put him in the bathtub to see if he could swim"). I can't remember if it was one that we sang on the playground (a la "Miss Mary Mack" and "Down by the Banks") or if my grandma sang it to me while I played in the bathtub. She sang lots of cute songs to me. Either way, Vivi's recent fondness for it is bringing back nice memories of being a child. There's another post about reliving my childhood through my kids in all this rambling, but it's not why I'm writing about that book today.
My birth doula training (doula= non-medical labor coach) took place this weekend, and it was wonderful. I also had a great day today full of calls, texts, and emails from friends and family asking me how it went. I feel so loved and supported. Thank you!
Is he the sweetest thing you've ever seen or what? This little guy is the best four-month-old baby in the world; he tagged along with his still-breastfeeding mama to the training and basically slept, smiled, and ate the whole time. After being around him for a full weekend, all I can say is that Nate is lucky he is currently across several continents and a giant ocean. I was in full-on baby-crazed mode.
Hey there, creative readers! I could use your help. My plan to become a doula is moving full steam ahead, and the more I learn about the field, the more excited I become. The women in this profession are about as calm and empathic as it gets, so I feel more relaxed about paving a new career path than ever before, thanks in large part to their guidance.
Becoming a doula will be the easy part for me. The trouble is I do not have the entrepreneurial spirit. I'm an idea girl, to be sure, but somewhere along the way I tend to lose steam from the obstacles I encounter, and I haven't figured out how to mount the hurtles. I wish I had it in me to take great risks, but as I often say about myself, at the end of the day I'm a paycheck gal.


My second article on the archangels is complete. This latest article is about Archangel Jophiel of the second ray and a little more about angels and how they function.
It is a common debate as to whether angels have wings or not. I am always shown wings. Archangel Jophiel was very particular about showing me the intricacies of his wings. His are golden brown on the top and a soft white beneath. I believe in wings, because those people of angelic descent usually have a single wing and a nub, or two nubs. At the 7th initiation this single wing is removed and two new wings manifest. How many of you can feel a single wing? When I was young I had a perpetual pain in my shoulder and arm. As most of you will agree, you know when a pain is physical based and when it has an energetic cause. I couldn't figure out what the cause of this pain was. I went to many healers asking for help. Finally I realised the origin was due to a missing wing. When those issues were self-healed, the pain went away.
The next article will be about Archangel Chamuel of the 3rd ray.


'Buccaneer' is infused with Bay Rum, the old-time smell of a barber's shop.
Barbers have produced Bay Rum for over a hundred years by soaking leaves from the West Indian bay tree in rum.
This method is still used today to make a distinctive aroma that is also a natural astringent, healing any nicks or cuts from shaving.
Four kinds of oils including Vitamin E and Jojoba penetrate deep into the hair, softening and moisturising, making your beard manageable, bringing out its natural colour.
100% certified organic, fair trade and GE free.


RACE NIGHT in aid of the Jack O'Driscoll fund, Saturday the 19th of May, 8.00 pm in The Clayton Silversprings Hotel.
Free admission, strictly over 18's event. We hope you can come and support Jack on the night.


text:
STREETS DICTATE STYLE
"The way they dress..the way they speak..it comes from the street"
Shyne told Jay-Z to SHOOT him if his rap lyrics weren't hardest the Roc Nation boss ever heard
9th Jan 2022 / SDS
Former rapper Shyne was so confident of his rapping ability that he told Jay-Z to SHOOT him if he wasn't impressed with what he heard.
This was back in 1998 when Shyne – who's now a government official in Belize after getting deported following an-ill fated gun battle in a club alongside Diddy and ex-girlfriend J-Lo- was still trying to get on in the rap game.
At the time, Shyne was desperate to get a foot into the industry and was running down on anyone with musical influence with a demo of his CD.
During this period, he bumped into Hov, who was 1/3 owner of Rocafella along with Dame Dash and Kareem 'Bigs' Burke.
And Shyne decided to approach Tiffany brand partner Jay in the most unusual way – by asking if he was armed.
Because if he was, Shyne wanted his fellow Brooklyn native to fire a shot into his foot if the demo he was about to give him wasn't the hardest bars he's ever listened to.
Shyne explained the incident on DrinkChamps saying: "I remember we was at the Metronome on 21st Street Broadway.
"And I ran down on Hov, and was like, 'you got your ratchet (pistol) on you?, I'm telling you I'm the greatest you ever gon' hear, and if I'm not you can shoot me in my foot'."
Fortunately for Shyne, the Ace of Spades owner didn't take things to that extreme, but he did take a copy of the former Bad Boy artists' CD away with him to digest.
And if Hov did decide to take up Shyne on his offer, he would be walking a lot different today.
As when the two bumped into each other months later in Brooklyn, Jay gave Shyne back his demo and nonchalantly told him 'it was alright' in what must've been a huge blow to Shyne's confidence.
However, Shyne was unphased by Hov's lukewarm response and he kept trying to get a deal, defiantly telling Mr.Carter, 'I'll see you on top.'
A post shared by Hon. Shyne Barrow LOO 13 MP (@shyne_bz)
Hov also noticed his resolve and Shyne claims he tried to sign him on three separate occasions after their initial rendevous.
But it wasn't to be and Shyne ended up joining Diddy at Bad Boy with the help of deceased rap legend Chris Lighty.
And it seems like he made the right choice because before that fateful night out in the club with Diddy that resulted in him getting ten years in prison and getting deported back to Belize afterwards, Shyne's debut album sold just under a million copies and hit No.5 on Billboard's Top 100 chart.
Diddy, Guns, Jay-Z, Shyne Po
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'I'll be the first UK street rapper to conquer the US market', Potter Payper claims →


The Prime Minister Scott Morrison has promised to "cast a critical eye" over any new proposed banking industry regulations.
The comments come ahead of tomorrow's much anticipated release of the findings of the Royal Commission into Australia's banking industry.
The Prime Minster says he hasn't ruled out a career in banking once his political career is over.
"The government will give in principle support to the commission's recommendations," says Scott Morrison. "But in terms of enforcing them I'll be taking a highly cautious approach.
He says he might follow the lead of former NSW Premier Mike Baird who transitioned into banking after ruining Sydney.


Description Owl Pine Cabin Room 1554 is a self-catering property located in Big Bear Lake near Big Bear Marina. This holiday home features accommodation with a patio.This holiday home comes with 1 bedroom a TV and a kitchen with an oven.The holiday home offers a barbecue. Owl Pine Cabin Room 1554 provides a terrace.Alpine Slide at Magic Mountain is 1.8 km from the accommodation while Aspen Glen Picnic Area is a 10-minute walk from the property. Palm Springs International Airport is 61 km away.
Add Owl Pine Cabin Room 1554 to your free online travel itinerary.


I had no scientific or medical background. I didn't even know what a 501(c)3 was when we first began, or how to start a foundation or raise money! And though Jeanne was an attorney, she also lacked a medical background. I remember going to my first Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS) meeting and I just started introducing myself to doctors. I was so happy when someone just shook my hand. I would never have believed that just a few years later we would be presenting at the CTOS meeting in Berlin to 1000 doctors and researchers!
I had the pleasure of interviewing Marlene Portnoy, who co-founded the Desmoid Tumor Research Foundation (DTRF) in 2005 after her husband was diagnosed with the rare disease. Marlene had no scientific or medical background when she began DTRF, whose mission is to aggressively fund research to accelerate the development of improved therapies, and ultimately find a cure for desmoid tumors. DTRF also raises awareness and provides support to patients and caregivers. Every year since its inception, the foundation has gained momentum in their progress including new clinical trials, emerging therapies, as well as helping to facilitate the recent groundbreaking study published in December's issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
I co-founded the Desmoid Tumor Research Foundation due to the frustration I experienced with the lack of information available and the lack of research on this rare disease when my husband Steve was diagnosed with a desmoid tumor in 2004.
When I met my co-founder Jeanne Whiting in 2005, this rare disease was wreaking havoc on our lives. My husband, Steve, and Jeanne were each being treated for a desmoid tumor, which is an invasive mass that forms in connective tissue, frequently requiring surgery or systemic therapy and causing significant risk to vital organs. The disease can be fatal, and the rate of recurrence is high. Desmoid tumors are rare, affecting only two to four per million people. There is no known cure, and existing treatment options were only sporadically successful.
Jeanne and my husband had visited numerous medical professionals, tried multiple treatments, and experienced a grueling range of symptoms and complications. Frustrated by the lack of information about the disease and the struggle to find satisfactory answers, we bonded over our desire to make the desmoid tumor journey easier for ourselves and future patients. We quickly discovered that the lack of research on desmoid tumors was primarily due to an absence of funding sources, and that our efforts to find a cure would depend on us raising money to fund research. We founded the Desmoid Tumor Research Foundation (DTRF) "in our garages" in 2005, committing ourselves to a mission of financing hope for desmoid tumor patients and their loved ones.
The love for my family, my husband Steven and our two young daughters at the time, Brittany and Danielle. We had no choice but to fight and do everything within our power to find effective treatment options.
When things get tough you have to dig in and do what you can to help make it better. There was such limited information available when my husband was diagnosed with the disease. We had no choice but to become our own advocates to really effect change and identify successful treatments.
That's why in 2010, when we heard news of promising results from a small pilot study conducted by Dr. Mrinal Gounder at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center with 26 desmoid tumor patients responding to Sorafenib, we wasted no time in encouraging him to set a Phase III clinical trial in motion. Dr. Gounder then began a series of conversations with the FDA and the National Cancer Institute to start an international trial in this rare cancer with the purpose of getting Sorafenib approved for patients with desmoid tumors.
It took over three years of efforts to finally begin this study as there were countless barriers to conducting a study in a rare cancer. The Phase III study, which opened in 2014 across the United States and Canada, accrued 87 patients, a remarkable number for an ultra-rare cancer. The foundation played a significant role in the recruitment for the trial, filling it in half the time expected.
This enabled the first clinical trial of its kind on desmoid tumors, and one of the largest Phase III clinical trials on a rare disease, to take place. Prior to this study, many cancer experts had declared that conducting a trial like this would be impossible or futile in desmoid tumors.
There have been incredible strides made in terms of research and treatment for desmoid tumors. Due in large part to the foundation's efforts, the first clinical study of its kind on desmoid tumors with groundbreaking results was just published in the December 20th issue of The New England Journal of Medicine. To date, there are no approved cancer drugs for desmoid tumors. The international Phase III study conducted by Memorial Sloan Kettering's Dr. Mrinal Gounder, showed that patients treated with sorafenib reduced the risk of tumor growth or death by 7-fold. The implications of this study are immense as researchers now try to identify how research in desmoid tumors can be applicable to fighting other types of cancers particularly colon cancer a leading cause of death worldwide.
The foundation's efforts also played a role in helping another investigational treatment that was "gathering dust" on the shelves of a large pharmaceutical company after being deprioritized for business reasons. Nirogacestat, a gamma secretase inhibitor, showed encouraging results in a Phase II study sponsored by the NCI, however, the drug's clinical development program was halted by the pharmaceutical company. DTRF helped to advocate for Nirogacestat because patients with desmoid tumors had limited treatment options and were living with little hope. SpringWorks Therapeutics was then conceived by Pfizer as an innovative way to advance investigational therapies that may hold significant promise for underserved patients. In just a year since the company's formation, Nirogacestat received fast-track designation from the FDA and SpringWorks is preparing to start a Phase III study in adult patients with desmoid tumors.
Don't be afraid of the unknown: Having no scientific or medical background didn't deter Jeanne or me from forging ahead. We learned along the way and as a result have made great strides for desmoid tumor patients.
Know your strengths and utilize them: Our foundation's strength is our work in patient advocacy. Over the past decade we have amassed an extensive list of desmoid tumor patients which enabled us to fill the clinical trials in record time.
Keep Pushing: When we heard of the promising results of the drug Nirogacestat we kept pushing, kept following up with Pfizer to do something with it, and eventually they heard us.
Align with Strong Partners: My co-founder Jeanne Whiting and Memorial Sloan Kettering's Dr. Mrinal Gounder all have a very clear mission — to find a cure for this disease.
Mistakes are not failures, they are learning experiences! I have made many mistakes throughout the years but I do not let them get me down. I can only make decisions with the knowledge I had at the time.
When we first started the foundation, we did not have a fundraising plan to even get us off the ground. My friends sat me down and absolutely insisted on hosting a gala to get the foundation moving. It turned out to be an extremely successful event and allowed us to develop a website and spread awareness. I am so grateful for their continued support over the past 15 years. It has been quite a journey!
Yes, with the support of DTRF's efforts, there also will be two additional clinical trials on desmoid tumors in 2019. For a rare disease with an incidence rate of 2–4 per million, these are remarkable accomplishments.
We also host a Virtual Tumor Board where doctors from around the world present difficult cases to experts over the phone. The exchange of information has resulted in the alteration of treatment plans for many of their patients. We find this especially meaningful because many of these patients are in countries that do not have experienced desmoid physicians.