Why Would You Want to Overclock Your PC?
Generally people either want to get more power out of an old system, or they do it to see how fast they can get a newer system to run to make their machine more powerful.
Personally, I started looking into overclocking a few years ago when I couldn't afford a new computer and my processor was the limiting factor. It was back in the days when the Core2Duo Dual Core processors had been superseded by the quad cores and I needed more power!
I had an E4500 processor that was running at 2.2GHz out of the box and I managed to up it to a stable running speed of just under 3GHz (2.926GHz). That's a 33% increase on the stock running speed for nothing more than some of my time and fair bit of reading.
This can harm your computer. Not in a "Oh, I lost a file" kind of way, but in a "Oh, I fried my processor, motherboard and RAM" kind of way! This is obviously the worst case scenario, and without wishing to tempt fate, I've never damaged any of my components by overclocking them. Consider yourself warned, and it goes without saying that neither I, nor Envato, take any responsibility for any ill effects or damage caused by any action taken as a result of reading this article.
Further to this, some systems are not set up to be overclocked. Generally proprietary systems such as those by Dell, HP and other manufactures will have the necessary parts of the BIOS locked so that you cannot manually override it. This is for safety, stability of the system and so that they don't get calls to customer services blaming the company when the user fried their processor!
There are some terms that are synonymous with processors and related hardware that you should be aware of to follow this guide.
Base Clock/ Front Side Bus (FSB). This is the main setting that is usually changed to increase CPU speed. The base clock will be written in MHz, eg 166MHz.
The CPU multiplier is another setting that is core to the calculation of CPU speed. The base clock is multiplied by the multiplier (as the name would suggest!) to reach the overall speed of the processor. For example, take a base clock of 166MHz and multiply it by the multiplier of 18 and you get the CPU speed, in this case 3GHz (it is more precisely 2.988GHz, but is usually rounded) It should also be noted that the multiplier is usually locked, that is to say you cannot increase it. More expensive CPUs in the Intel range sometimes have unlocked multipliers that allow you to increase as well as decrease it, these are the Extreme Edition and Engineering Sample CPUs.
RAM divider. This is the same deal as the CPU multiplier, but for the RAM, so you take the base clock of 166 and multiply it by 10 and you get 1666 Ram speed, for example.
Ram timings, or latency. Ram has different parts of its performance rated with separate timings, lower numbers are better, and higher numbers are worse. It is usually a set of four numbers separated by commas. Explaining this further is not necessary at this point, but be aware that it may be necessary to loosen the timings (make them larger) if the speed of the ram is increased.
Voltages. Each of the components in your system has separate voltage that can be altered, the most commonly altered are vcore (CPU voltage), vdimm (RAM voltage), and vMCH (Northbridge/memory controller) As the speed increases as you overlclock the cpu, the amount of voltage that it requires will increase. This is usually done manually. Some BIOS manufacturers have included a way to set the voltages to increase automatically. Whether to do this or not is your own choice. Sometimes it works, sometimes only manual configuration will do.
The hardware, for the most part is whatever you have already. the only thing to bear in mind is that overclocking stresses the system more than usual, so some parts will need to be up to scratch. if you have a cheap Power Supply (PSU) you might find that the voltages fluctuate within their given range and as you increase them this can cause instability. You will also find the power supply unstable if it is at the top of it's power rating. Unbranded power supplies are usually a bit hit and miss, so use with caution. Personally I'm a fan of the Corsair range. They are well priced, pretty quiet, very reliable and deliver consistent voltages.
The coolers that come with the Intel chips are fine for everyday use, and normal thermal conditions. However, as overclocking increases the speed and voltages for the processor, it also increases the heat that is produced as a by product. This can be negated by installing an aftermarket CPU cooler. I won't start suggesting coolers here, everybody's requirements differ, some would rather a quieter cooler, and others one that cools better but at the cost of noise. So I suggest you read the reviews and work out which one suits you best.
CPU-Z is the best way to find out everything about your cpu and system before you get started and is also often used in screenshot form as a proof of CPU speed.
For temperature monitoring you can use Core Temp, or Real Temp.
For stress testing there are a number of tools that you can use, I've had a lot of mileage out of Prime95, be aware that it comes in 32 and 64-bit versions depending on your system.
You can access the BIOS at boot (as the computer turns on), by hitting a designated key, it will usually tell you which. Del is common, as is F1.
The BIOS is a place that you will be spending a lot of time if you intend to overclock your system, so take some time to move around all of the menus and find out what each item does. Ideally pull up a laptop and research each setting so you know exactly what it does. If this isn't possible then write down the settings, or take a photo on your phone, reboot the system and go and research them. Each BIOS is a little different in the terms used and the location/ grouping of settings, so time spent here will give you the confidence to jump in and know exactly what the changes that you are making will affect.
Before you dive into the BIOS to overclock the chip, there are a set of options that should be set in a certain way to make sure that the rest of the system is as stable as possible when you start overclocking.
PCIe/ PCI, or on older systems AGP may also be mentioned. These should be set to locked.
Turn off any energy saving methods such as Intel Speedstep as this interferes with what we are trying to achieve.
It can be beneficial to set the RAM speed to lower than usual by changing he divider. This allows you to concentrate on the stability of the other components that you are tinkering with without worrying about the RAM being a cause of instability.
To start the overclocking process you need to increase the FSB. Having found where to do this, you increase it by a small amount (usually 5-10MHZ), save changes, see if you can start the system and run a quick stress test as mentioned above for 5-10 minutes. This shows you that the system is stable and you can continue.
When it gets to the point that you are either failing the stress test or are unable to boot the system then it's time to think about the voltages.
If you have set your voltages to automatic (not recommended but it can be easier to start with) then you may or may not be able to overclock further by switching to manual. Otherwise, you need to drop the FSB a little to the last stable setting and commence further tests for up to 24 hours to prove that the system is stable.
If you have set the voltages to manual then you can now start to increase the voltages for the CPU and the NorthBridge in very small increments, You should now be able to increase your FSB. From this point it is a case of juggling the increases in FSB and voltage to see how far the system will go.
You might find that you get errors about hard drive corruption, or graphics errors. This is usually a good sign that you should increase the voltage on the Southbridge.
Do remember that this is an iterative process, you will likely have to keep making small adjustments repeatedly until you reach a stable point.The most important part is researching, gaining knowledge of your specific system and then testing before you continue to stability testing.
Generally when you overclock you will find two levels that your chip can achieve. The top level is the highest that you can successfully boot with, and then slightly lower is what is usually called an everyday overclock. This is the highest that your components can stably run at 24/7. The former is more a test of the chip and just to see how high you can get it for bragging rights. The latter is obviously more useful as you can use it daily and gain significant benefits from having more power.
The stability testing is usually done with a system that performs calculations to stress the processor, such as calculating prime numbers. The idea is that the CPU is running at 100% for a long period of time, this allows you to see if it fails and freezes or crashes, which is common, or if it overheats with prolonged use. If either of these things happen then you are best off reducing the overclock to take account of this.
Hopefully I have pointed you in the right direction here and you use the article as a basis to continue to read up on the subject. If you do follow up on this then put your results into the comments below, I'd be interested to see how you did and what the results were. If you have any other tips or pointers why not add those into the comments as well, I'm sure that some people reading this have more different experiences to me and I'm always interested to hear them!


text:
Aubrey Neville has a collection of nearly 50 milk wagons at his home in Campton Hills.
Northwest Quarterly > Blog > Archive > Summer 2018 > From Prairies to Dairies … And Back Again
FeaturesSummer 2018
From Prairies to Dairies … And Back Again
Posted by Jim Killam July 12, 2018
NWQ Spring Getaway Guide
Before Wisconsin became the cheese capital, dairy farms in Kane and McHenry counties were milking a golden opportunity in Chicago. Join Jim Killam for a look into the industry's past and the effort to protect the family farms and open pastures that still remain.
Huntley dairy farmer Ward Plane (left) demonstrates how to inspect animals in order to increase herd production and efficiency. Assistant farm adviser Gene Brown is pictured at right. (Don Peasley Collection, McHenry County Historical Society photo)
Beneath our region's many subdivisions lies a story. And under that lies an even older one. Both are re-emerging thanks to local historians.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kane and McHenry counties truly were America's dairyland. The amount of milk, butter and cheese sold from Elgin in 1892 equates to more than $300 million in today's dollars, says filmmaker Phil Broxham. And that's not including peripheral producers of silos, butter tubs, milk cans and processing equipment. All told, the equivalent of a half-billion dollars drove the local economy – and stayed local, because the industry was all here.
Today, Kane County is a far cry from the country's dairy capital, and what few farms do remain are disappearing rapidly. To preserve their story before it's too late, the Elgin History Museum is teaming with Broxham's Grindstone Productions to produce "Dairies to Prairies," a documentary film and companion traveling exhibit.
"It's a story that a lot of people don't know all that much about," Broxham says.
Prior to the mid-19th century, there really wasn't a dairy industry. Even in cities, families owned cows and they would occasionally sell or barter unrefrigerated milk to neighbors. Then came Gail Borden Jr., a New Yorker who invented sweetened condensed milk in 1853. Vacuum sealing the milk into 10-ounce cans, he earned a federal contract to supply the product to the Union Army during the Civil War. Borden needed more factories, and Chicago offered rail connections to anywhere in the settled U.S. He bought a dairy in Highland Park but soon moved to Elgin because there were more dairy farms in Kane and McHenry counties. (It also didn't hurt that Borden's third wife, Emeline Church, came from Elgin.)
In the late 1860s and 1870s, the Borden plant required 10,000 gallons of milk a day to produce its Eagle Brand condensed milk, Broxham says. Six thousand cows from 107 nearby dairy farms supplied it.
While Borden put Elgin's dairy production on the map, butter and cheese gave it its reputation, as hundreds of creameries sprang up among the farms. Eventually the new Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, with a station in Elgin, presented even greater opportunity. Milk could be put in glass-lined cans, cooled in streams, then sent by rail to Chicago.
"When one farmer started shipping milk to a hotel in Chicago and had a contract, the idea kind of took off," says local historian Jerry Turnquist, a museum board member and the film's co-producer. "People got on board. More and more milk was shipped from here, and more and more farmers converted to dairy farming around here."
Trouble was, Chicago middle men were making more money than the dairy farmers. Some were cutting Elgin milk with either water or "swill milk," from cows who had been fed mash from breweries and distilleries. Fearing for their reputation as well as their financial futures, Elgin producers in 1870 established their own board of trade, where sale contracts would be made and prices set. The board would soon establish dairy prices for most of the country for the next 40 years and be mentioned in the same breath as New York and Chicago markets.
Between 1880 and 1900, cows nearly disappeared from Chicago and almost all of the city's milk arrived daily by rail. The market was so good for Elgin-area producers that they shifted nearly all production to milk instead of butter and cheese.
Refrigerated milk trucks came along in the late 1920s, and it became the predominant means of shipping to Chicago. By mid-century, regional dairies such as Ludwig, Bowman and Dean had become the major suppliers to the Chicago area. They sold to grocers, rather than consumers, eliminating the familiar milk men with their delivery wagons. Events like Harvard Milk Days, which has been celebrated for 77 years, still pay tribute to the region's standing as a dairy capital.
A Bond with the Past
Just past a subdivision off South Union Road, in McHenry County, you'll find the Bauman family dairy operation looking much like it did 50 years ago.
Where some of the area's dairy farms have gone to robotic milking machines and operations more akin to Silicon Valley, the Baumans prefer to keep things simple.
"We're not what a typical dairy farm looks like now," says Renee Bauman, who's 21 and wants to stay in the family business as long as she can. "We're more like the old style. We don't want to be bigger."
Renee's been helping in the dairy barn since she was 9, and she's been milking cows since she was 13. After high school she received dairy certification from the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Farm and Industry program. While she works mostly with the animals (and names every new calf), brother Randy, 18, prefers working with crops and machinery. He's studying diesel technology at Kishwaukee College in Malta.
Renee and Randy are the fifth generation of Baumans to milk cows in this barn. Hermann Bauman, their great-great-grandfather, emigrated from Germany in the late 19th century and settled in Union with his wife, Marie. In 1895 they bought the 100-acre homestead; eight of their nine children were born in the farmhouse. They built the dairy barn in 1910, using local stones and lumber shipped from New England.
Hermann's son, Erhardt, and his wife, Florence, took over the farm in the 1930s. By the 1950s Erhardt's son, Ron, and his wife, Joyce, had begun dairy farming in nearby Huntley. When they retired, the dairy barn sat empty until Ron moved his herd back to the family homestead in 1984. Ron and Joyce semi-retired in 2008, and their son Ken, wife Beth and the kids moved into the adjacent house to take over the operation.
A decade later, Ron still helps Ken and the grandkids with milking and chores. They meet in the barn by 5 a.m. and milk 55 cows between 5:30 and 7 a.m. Two people run three milking machines each, with each cow requiring 3 to 5 minutes. Chores follow: cleaning barns and feeding not just the milk cows, but also the calves and heifers (females that haven't yet had a calf). All told, the Baumans own more than 100 bovines.
By 10 a.m., the refrigeration truck from Dean Foods arrives, ready to transport the day's milk to Dean's Rockford plant for pasteurizing and processing. The Baumans have shipped milk to Dean since the company was founded in the 1920s.
The rest of the day is filled with field work, maintenance, tending to animals' needs and running the business. Every evening, the morning's process reverses – chores first, then milking, so the cows stay on a 12- to 13-hour schedule. The day's work is generally done about 7:30 p.m.
None in the family are averse to hard work. But they also do the math.
"When I sat down to look at March," Ken says, "and figured all the expenses for the dairy and the income, before I did any payroll, we had $94 – after we paid the feed bill, the electric bill, milk hauling, veterinary and everybody else."
In addition to milking, the Baumans raise grain on 255 acres and custom harvest around Belvidere. They also market their bull calves. But for dairy farmers in this area, the handwriting is on the barn. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's 2017 agricultural census counted 3,000 cows in a county that once boasted almost 30 times that number.
The Baumans aren't against technology or modernizing. They've looked at automation, explored producing organic milk and dreamed of building their own processing plant. For an operation of their size, there just isn't enough financial incentive – or a clear enough view of the future – to take those risks.
"I think for us, in the back of our minds, it's always, 'How long are we going to do it?'" Ken says. "We're getting by. We're running neck-and-neck, production-wise, with the people with the technology. Right now, I've got cows eating grass in the pasture. I figure, let them do my work."
For Renee, it's about looking those cows in the eye each morning and evening. If one walks into the wrong milking stall (not common), Renee calls her by name and coaxes her to the right spot.
"Not everybody can get up and know that when they get to work, they're going to be wanted," she says. "They need us every single day, which is rewarding enough, if you ask me. You walk into that barn and they're happy that you're there."
As she ponders her future in this business, that daily dose of predictability means a lot. Not everyone can go to work in the morning and walk through a doorway their great-great grandfather built.
"We've just always done it and I gravitated to it right away," Renee says. "It's the only thing I know how to do, I guess. I went to school for it. That's all I talk about is cows."
Wagons like this one, in Aubrey Neville's Campton Hills collection, used to distribute milk from a processing center to area families.
Prairies Before Dairies
According to Broxham's sources, there's a belief that within the next few years, 70 to 80 percent of the nation's dairy products will come from megafarms milking tens of thousands of cows. That presents less economic incentive to truck milk from small family farms. Plus, developers have paid farmers high prices for their land.
Where the public consciousness has traditionally seen this as agriculture and development vying for the same land, a third contender has come into view: open-space preservation and prairie restoration. Before settlers arrived, Illinois was 99 percent prairie. Today it's less than 0.2 percent.
"There are instances when lightning struck in Rockford and the prairie burned to the Fox River before it burned out," says Aubrey Neville, a retired dairy executive who is restoring natural prairie on 5 acres of his land in Campton Hills. He's been removing nonnative trees and plants, leaving space for long-dormant native species like bloodroot and mayapple to re-emerge.
As farms come up for sale, conservation entities are trying to protect ecologically significant areas, especially in stream corridors and along the Fox River they feed.
"Half the people in Kane County get their drinking water out of the Fox River," says Bill Briska, president of the Elgin Area Historical Society. "It's important to save those recharge areas and streams from development, infiltration, pollution."
To help farmers contend with the incentive to sell to developers, Kane County has been purchasing development rights in strategic areas. The "Dairies to Prairies" film highlights that effort.
"The farmer can cash in on the increased value of their land if they promise to never sell it into development," Broxham says. "And they can stay on the land. It helps farms stay in business, so we don't lose our agricultural heritage."
Even where the farms and prairies are long gone, their stories could mean a lot for the area's vitality by helping suburban subdivision residents to better appreciate their land.
"We hope that they have some connection to the land and the people who settled this land, so they feel they're part of a larger community," Broxham says. "And when you feel like you're connected and there's some heritage to this place, then you are more likely to get involved."
Tags: campton hills chicago kane county mchenry county mchenry county historical society wisconsin
Jim Killam July 12, 2018
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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text:
package com.arangodb;

import com.arangodb.internal.ArangoRequestParam;
import com.arangodb.internal.util.EncodeUtils;
import com.arangodb.util.UnicodeUtils;

import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

/**
 * Class to represent a NFC-normalized database name (as required by ArangoDB extended naming convention).
 * To instantiate use {@link DbName#of(String)} or {@link DbName#normalize(String)}.
 *
 * @see
 * API Documentation
 */
public final class DbName implements Supplier<String> {

    /**
     * DbName of the "_system" database.
     */
    public static final DbName SYSTEM = DbName.of(ArangoRequestParam.SYSTEM);

    private final String value;

    /**
     * Creates a new {@link DbName} instance with the provided value. If the provided value is not
     * NFC-normalized, throws
     * {@link IllegalArgumentException}. No transformation is applied to the provided value.
     * Use {@link #normalize(String)} to create a DbName from a non-NFC-normalized value.
     *
     * @param value desired db name
     * @return the created {@link DbName} instance
     * @see NFC normalization
     * @see
     * API Documentation
     */
    public static DbName of(final String value) {
        UnicodeUtils.checkNormalized(value);
        return new DbName(value);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@link DbName} instance with the NFC normal form of the provided value.
     * Note that the created {@link DbName} will hold a value potentially different from the provided one.
     *
     * @param value desired db name
     * @return the created {@link DbName} instance
     * @see NFC normalization
     * @see
     * API Documentation
     */
    public static DbName normalize(final String value) {
        return new DbName(UnicodeUtils.normalize(value));
    }

    private DbName(final String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    @Override
    public String get() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * @return the value encoded for usage in HTTP urls.
     */
    public String getEncoded() {
        return EncodeUtils.encodeURIComponent(value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        DbName dbName = (DbName) o;
        return Objects.equals(value, dbName.value);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(value);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return get();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


View my new listing for sale at 1018 - 8800 Hazelbridge Way, Richmond and currently listed at $788,000.
South Estates, the final phase of Concord Gardens, completes this masterpiece in Richmond's Largest World Class Community. Surrounded by beautiful water garden landscaping and meandering pedestrian pathways, come home to a tranquil piece of mind. The amazing 20,000 sq ft Diamond Club, an ultimate playground for entertainment, is an impressive collection of amenities such as a bowling alley, badminton court, indoor swimming pool, private screening, and more. Purposefully designed, with attention to the finest details and accents. You will Appreciate all the little things through timeless design and thoughtfully planned functionality. This south facing 2 bdrm, 2 bath has 891sft interior area plus a 150sft outdoor balcony. One parking and locker included.


text:
Борис Яковлевич Спиваков (19 мая 1941 — 8 апреля 2022) — советский и российский химик, член-корреспондент РАН (2003), лауреат премии имени Л. А. Чугаева (1989), премии имени В. Г. Хлопина (2004).

Биография
Родился 19 мая 1941 года.

В 1963 году окончил Московский институт стали и сплавов.

В 1968 году окончил аспирантуру Института геохимии и аналитической химии РАН имени В. И. Вернадского, где в дальнейшем и трудится. С 1990 года — заведующий лабораторией методов концентрирования.

В 1969 году — защита кандидатской диссертации, тема «Обменные экстракционные реакции внутрикомплексных соединений» (руководители И. П. Алимарин и Ю. А. Золотов).

В 1983 году — защита докторской диссертации, тема «Экстракция соединений анионного типа с позиций комплексообразования и новые возможности её применения в аналитической химии».

С 2003 года — член-корреспондент РАН.

Скончался 8 апреля 2022 года.

Научная и общественная деятельность
Автор теории обменной экстракции хелатов, а также внёс значительный вклад в теорию экстракции галогенидных и других комплексов металлов и синергетической экстракции.

Член Отделения аналитической химии Европейской ассоциации химических и молекулярных наук. Заместитель председателя НСАХ.

Член редколлегий «Журнала аналитической химии» и журнала «Успехи химии».

Член научных и диссертационных советов ГЕОХИ РАН им. В. И. Вернадского, химического факультета МГУ.

Член бюро Научного совета по аналитической химии РАН, член Отделения аналитической химии Европейской ассоциации химических и молекулярных наук.

Глава оргкомитета Международного конгресса по аналитическим наукам (2006 год).

Главный научный сотрудник лаборатории «Разделение и концентрирование в химической диагностике функциональных материалов и объектов окружающей среды» МИСиС (с 2014 года).
Автор более 250 работ.

Индекс Хирша — 19; количество цитат, начиная с 1975 года — 1309.

Научные труды
 Спиваков Б. Я., Петрухин О. М. Экстракция галогенидных комплексов металлов с позиций координационной химии. ЖНХ, 1980, т. 25, № 1, с. 245.
 Спиваков Б. Я., Петрухин О. М., Малофеева Г. И., Данилова Т. В. Использование различных типов гетерофазных реакций в твердофазной экстракции. ЖАХ, 1992, т. 47, № 9, с. 1601.
 Cпиваков Б. Я. Современные лабораторные методы разделения и концентрирования элементов. Российский химич. журнал, 1994, т. 38, № 1, с. 7.
 Spivakov B.Ya., Shkinev V.M. Membrane Techniques. Encyclopedia of Analytical Science. London: Academic Press, 1995, P. 3045.
 Spivakov B.Ya. Membrane filtration in analytical chemistry. Modern Aspects of Analytical Chemistry. Aachen: Verlag Mainz, 1997, P. 409
 Spivakov B.Ya., Maryutina T.A., Fedotov P.S., Ignatova S.N. Different two-phase liquid systems for inorganic separations. Recent Advances in Metal Ion Separation and Preconcentration. New York: ACS Books, 1998. Chapter XX.

Награды
 Премия имени Л. А. Чугаева (за 1989 год, совместно с Ю. А. Золотовым и О. М. Петрухиным) — за цикл работ «Комплексообразование в экстракции»
 Премия имени В. Г. Хлопина (за 2004 год, совместно с Ю. А. Золотовым и Л. Н. Москвитиным) — за цикл исследований «Разработка новых методов разделения и концентрирования вещества для решения аналитических, препаративных и технологических задач радиохимии»

Примечания

Ссылки

Выпускники МИСиСа
Лауреаты премии имени В. Г. Хлопина
Лауреаты премии имени Л. А. Чугаева

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On July 28th, 1948, the opening ceremony of the I. Olympic Summer Games after World War II takes place in London/United Kingdom. In Aylesbury (close to London) the Stoke Mandeville Games take place on the same day. Sir Ludwig Guttmann decides to develop those games into internationally recognized sporting competitions for athletes with a disability on the same level as Olympic Games.
The I. Paralympic Games take place in Rome/Italy. 400 Athletes representing 21 nations (initially only wheelchair-athletes) participate.
335 athletes compete at the II. Paralympics in Tokyo/Japan.
Host city of the III. Paralympics is Tel Aviv/Israel. 750 athletes and 29 nations take part in the competitions.
At the IV. Paralympics in Heidelberg/Germany athlete participation for the first time exceeds 1000.
For the first time amputees and visually impaired athletes take part in Toronto/Canada at the V. Paralympics. 1.600 athletes from 42 nations compete. Another premiere takes place in Ornsköldsvik/Sweden: the I.Paralympic Winter Games. 250 skiers from 14 nations battle for gold.
Arnheim/Netherlands hosts the VI. Paralympics and a new record of participating athletes is announced: 2.500 athletes and 42 nations participate in the games. The II. Winter Games take place in Geilo/Norway. 18 countries send 350 participants.
After Yugoslavia is forced to cancel, Austria steps in to host the Winter Games in Innsbruck. New standards are set in skiing for athletes with a disability. The Summer Games take place in Long Island/USA without wheelchair athletes. They compete for medals Stoke, Mandeville/Great Britain.
The Winter Paralympics are held in Innsbruck/Austria for the 2nd time in a row. 397 athletes and 22 nations compete. In Seoul/Korea the Summer Paralympics take place at the same facilities as the Olympic Games with 3.053 athletes from 61 countries.
Tignes/France hosts the V. Winter Games. Barcelona/Spain organises exciting IX. Summer Paralympics for 3.020 athletes and an enthusiastic crowd of spectators.
Lillehammer/Norway sets new standards at Winter Paralympics. 1.000 athletes and 31 nations participate.
Atlanta/USA boasts a record-setting number of participants at the X. Summer Games. 3.195 athletes arrive to compete.
Nagano/Japan hosts the VII. Paralympic Winter Games.
An agreement is signed between the International Olympic Comite/IOC and the International Paralympic Committee/IPC, which states that the Paralympic Games are to be held always two weeks following the close of the Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games take place at the same venues as the Olympic Games and the bid application must be for the Olympic AND the Paralympic Games.
Salt Lake City/USA is host city of the VIII. Winter Paralympics. 500 athletes from 35 countries meet to determine who will be champion of the champions.
4.000 athletes and 136 nations start in 19 sports at the XII. Summer Paralympics in Athens/Greece- birthplace of the Olympic movement.
Athens 2004 also set a milestone in gender equality. For the first time, the Austrian Olympic Committee (ÖOC) and the Austrian Paralympic Committee (ÖPC) contributed the same look to the games.
During the IX. Winter Paralympics in Torino/Italy 477 athletes from 39 countries compete for a total of 70 medals. The media coverage is assured by more than 1.000 representatvies.
Vienna is elected as the new permanent Headquarters of the Europaen Paralympic Committees/EPC by the General Assembly in September 2007 in Heraklion/GRE.
The XIII. Summer Paralympics took place from September 06 to 17, 2008 in Beijing/China. More than 4.000 athletes competed in 19 sports.
Customs authorities started equality between Olympic and Paralympic athletes concerning to education and days off for training and competition.
The X. Winter Paralympics took place in Vancouver/Canada from March 12 to 21, 2010. More than 600 athletes from more than 40 nations participated.
The "Österreichische Sporthilfe" took a historic step and started a significance of equality between Olympic and Paralympic athletes in elite sport funding by supporting disabled athletes financially for the first time.
The XIV. Summer Paralympics took place London/Great Britain from August 29 to September 09, 2012. 4.237 athletes from 164 nations participated.
The "Projekt RIO 2016" is founded by the Austrian Ministry of Sports. For the first time the Olympic and the Paralympic athletes are equally promoted and supported - athletically and financially - during their preparations for the next Olympic and Paralympic Games in RIO de Janeiro.
The XI. Winter Paralympics with 550 athletes from 45 nations took place in Sochi/Russia from March 7 to March 16, 2014.
The XV. Summer Paralympics took place in Rio/Brasil from 7th - 18th September 2016. 4.316 athletes from 159 nations competed in 22 sports.
Paralympic athletes start training at the military sport centres after an agreement made by the Austrian Federal Ministry for National Defence and Sport and the Austrian Paralympic Committee.
The XII. Winter Paralympics took place in Pyeongchang/South Korea. 564 athletes competed in 80 competitions for medals. The Paralympic Team Austria was represented with 15 athletes in the disciplines Alpine Skiing, Snowboarding and Nordic Skiing in PyeongChang and won 2 silver medals and 5 bronze medals.
ÖPC President Maria Rauch-Kallat was accepted as the new Vice President of the Austrian Sport Aid Board.
The XVI. Summer Paralympics will be held from August 25 to September 6, 2020 in Tokyo, Japan. 4,400 athletes are expected to compete for medals in 540 competitions. 22 sports are on the program, with two of them celebrating their Paralympic debut. Badminton and Taekwondo will replace Football 7-a-side and Sailing.
The XIII. Winter Paralympics will be held in Beijing/China 2022. A maximum of 748 athletes will compete in Beijing in 2022 and fight in 82 competitions and 6 different sports for the Paralympic medals. The following sports will be represented in Beijing 2022: Alpine-Skiing, Biathlon, Cross-Country-Skiing, Ice-Hockey, Snowboard and Wheelchair-Curling.
There will also be two updates compared to the Paralympics in PyeongChang 2018. For the first time ever, the Ice-Hockey-Teams have the option to include an additional female player in their roster of 17 players. However in Wheelchair-Curling, each team must have a minimum of one female player in the team.


text:
Q: "Media change: please insert the disk..." when I run "sudo apt-get install make" on Ubuntu on VirtualBox I have installed Ubuntu inside VirtualBox and generally I can apt-get install anything but when I run
sudo apt-get install make

I get this response:
Media change: please insert the disk labelled
'Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS _Bionic Beaver_ - Release amd64 (20180725)'
in the drive '/media/cdrom/' and press [enter]

I cannot do this as I'm in a VM and don't have a cdrom drive. I have successfully installed lots of packages using apt-get and I assume it gets them from the image I installed Ubuntu in the VM or online, so why does this problem occur for make?
Many thanks for any wisdom.

A: You should check your /etc/apt/sources.list – maybe the disk is still listed as a repository there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
State Veterinarians
http://www.cites.org/
DIVERSITY SHOULD BE OUR STRENGTH
HEAVEN ON EARTH AVIAN ACRES by Cherane Pefley | home
Laws & Regulations pertaining to the Blue headed Macaws
Prop. 12.18 – p. 1
Prop. 12.18
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II
A. Proposal
Ara couloni is proposed for transfer from Appendix II to Appendix I in accordance with Article II (1) of
the Convention meeting the criteria D given in Annex 1 of Resolution Conf. 9.24.
B. Proponent
The Federal Republic of Germany (on behalf of the Member States of the European Community).
? An Appendix I listing is proposed for the blue-headed macaw (Ara couloni).
? The range of this species covers parts of Peru, extreme western Brazil and north-western Bolivia where
Ara couloni inhabits the edge of humid lowland evergreen forest in the foothills' area. It is obviously
bound to rivers. Ara couloni is one of those macaw species (together with A. maracana and A. auricollis)
known to have a very low reproductive output.
? Ara couloni is not considered threatened on global level in the 2000 IUCN Red List. However, it has
always been regarded as being uncommon or rare. The last population estimates of roughly 10,000 birds
are almost 10 years old.
? Numbers occurring in trade have increased significantly in the last few years. Illegal trade is increasing as
well. Investigations of the CITES MA in Germany alone have resulted in approximately 30 specimens
seized in the 2001. The interest of aviculturist's is obviously rising at a rate of deep concern.
? Taking into account the even for a macaw low reproductive output of the species and the present rate
of increase in legal and illegal trade Ara couloni meets the Criterium D of Annex 1 that is "The status of
the species is such that if the species is not included in Appendix I, it is likely to satisfy one or more of
the above mentioned criteria within a period of five years".
? Responses of the range states have been received so far by Brazil and Bolivia. Brazil has required to act
as a co-proponent and the Bolivian SA expressed their wish to support the proposal.
C. Supporting statement
1. Taxonomy
1.1 Class: Aves
1.2 Order: Psittaciformes
1.3 Family: Psittacidae
1.4 Genus: Ara
Species: Ara couloni (Sclater, 1876)
1.5 Scientific synonyms: Propyrrhura couloni (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)
1.6 Common names: English: Blue-headed macaw
French: Ara de Coulon
Spanish: Guacamayo Cabeciazul
Dutch: Blauwkopara
German: Blaukopfara, Gebirgsara
Swedish: blahuvad ara
1.7 Code numbers: A-218.003.008.008
2. Biological parameters
Range states: Peru, Bolivia, Brazil
The range of the Blue -headed macaw reaches from Eastern Peru, where it is recorded in the
Huallaga Valley from Loreto to Hu?nuco and in the Ucayali, Apur?mac, and Pur? river drainage, to
extreme Western Brazil (Acre) south to North-western Bolivia (FORSHAW, 1977; DEL HOYO et al.,
Ara couloni inhabits the edge of humid lowland evergreen forest, along rivers and by clearings.
Locally it is found in the outskirt of towns. It occurs up to 1550 meters. Recent observations
suggest the Blue-headed macaw seems to be more a species of foothills rather than lowland (DEL
HOYO et al., 1997). Furthermore, a close association with rivers seems to exist (LLOYD, 1999;
CHAMPLIN, 1999; ARMONIA, 2001). The Blue-headed macaw also visits clay licks, which are quiet
numerous at least in South-eastern Peru (GILARDI, in litt., 2001; SALAZAR in litt., 2001). They were
observed to enter a cavity in a Bamboo tree (GE CHRISTIAN, 1999), which might be used for nesting.
The reproductive period is assumed to be between October and April (HOPPE, 1992). In the Manu
National Park one pair out of ten cared for a single young in April (MACHADO DE BARROS, 1995). The
occurrence of the species can be erratic in the lowland of South-eastern Peru (PARKER et al., 1991),
suggesting some nomadism in response to food supplies (COLLAR, 2001).
2.2 Habitat availability
In Peru much of the species habitat seems to be in good shape (GILARDI, in litt., 2001). However,
the Bolivian forest is threatened by the expansion of the logging industry (SZWAGRZAK, in litt., 2002).
DEL HOYO et al. (1997) mentioned that due to the species habitat preferences it might profit from
patchwork clearance.
2.3 Population status
According to the latest IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (HILTON-TAYLOR, 2000) the global
status of the species Ara couloni is not endangered. However, this species has always been
recorded as uncommon or rare, only locally common around settlements (DEL HOYO et al., 1997).
Sightings vary greatly between sites. In Peru it is always reported as very rare in the Tambopata
Research Centre (GILARDI in litt., 2001; SALAZAR in litt., 2001; MUNN in litt., 2002a) with a mean
group size of 1.8 birds (LLOYD, 1999), whereas small groups are regularly seen in Posada Amazonas
(KRATTER, 1999; SALAZAR in litt., 2001) or in San Lorenzo (SALAZAR in litt., 2001). The highest
numbers seem to occur in the Lower Urubamba with 10 – 30 individuals appearing daily at clay
licks (MUNN in litt., 2002a,b). There are nearly no records available for the northern part of the
distribution in Peru. MUNN (in litt., 2002b) reported that the Blue-headed macaw was seen in the
Pacaya Samiria National Reserve in Northern Amazon of Peru. In Bolivia the species was recorded
seven times in the Pando region between 1986 to 1990 along various rivers (Armonia, 2001). A
few individuals were observed in the Bolivian foothills near Rio Beni, its southernmost distribution,
in 1989 (PARKER et al., 1991). In 1997 four individuals were sighted near Chiv? (Department Pando)
during an expedition of FOPAMADE (SZWAGRZAK, 1997 in SZWAGRZAK in litt., 2002).
Population guesses were roughly 10,000 individuals in 1990 (LAMBERT et al., 1993 in COLLAR, 2001).
2.4 Population trends
At present there are no population trends available. In 1990 the species was categorised as stable
(LAMBERT et al., 1993 in COLLAR, 2001). SZWAGRZAK (in litt., 2002) reports that the species was
bought by illegal timber traders and that it has become very rare in Bolivia.
2.5 Geographic trends
The Blue-headed macaw has a limited distribution with nearly no recent records from its northern
distribution. In the southern part, this species is reported as rare. At present, no geographic trends
are available.
2.6 Role of the species in its ecosystem
The role of the Blue-headed macaw in its ecosystem is insufficiently known. However, this species
feeds on figs (RICALDE, 1999) and probably other fruits and might play a role in the distribution of
plants.
Although Ara couloni has not as yet been recorded as the prey of other predators, it is likely that
reptiles prey upon eggs and nestlings and birds of prey might take young and adult Blue-headed
macaws. Eagles might be possible predators because macaws (Ara ambigua, Ara ararauna but also
Ara couloni) have been observed to leave clay licks, e.g. in Tambopata, when an eagle approaches
(Anon., 2001).
Trade can become a threat for the Blue-headed macaw taking into account its low reproduction rate.
Like the Illiger's macaw (Ara maracana) and the Yellow- collared macaw (Ara auricollis), with which
it forms a superspecies (DEL HOYO et al., 1997), the Blue-headed macaw has a very low
reproductive output. The only available record from the field reports that only one pair out of ten
was observed to feed a single young (MACHADO DE BARROS, 1995). In captivity clutch size is 2-4
eggs (VIT, 1996; VIT, 1997). This species was nearly unknown in international trade until 1997 (DEL
HOYO et al., 1997). However, at present about 150 birds are in captivity in the Czech Republic and
Slovakia alone (COLLAR, 2001). Prices are very high with 3,500 $ per individual in Peru in 2000
(LIPPERT in litt., 2000b) and 12,500 US $ in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (LIPPERT in COLLAR,
2001). In Bolivian markets prices were about 15 to 20 US $ in 1991 and 1995 (SZWAGRZAK, in litt.,
2002). The same author reports that the 'Mini Macaw FAQ' (April 2002) mentioned prices
between 300 – 1,100 US $ in 2002, but says that the source is unknown (SZWAGRZAK, in litt.,
2002). In Europe the species was offered for about 4,000 to 7,000 US $ in 1999 (LIPPERT, in litt.,
2002). WRIGHT et al. (2001) showed that high prices are set in part by demand, and demand for a
particular species is influenced by its rarity and attributes related to the species value as a pet. In
their investigation, prices above 500 US $ were significantly related to higher poaching rates. Thus,
it can be assumed that trade will continue and even increase. GILARDI (in litt., 2001) pointed out
that the species can face a similar fate as the Blue-throated macaw (Ara glaucogularis), which was
always rare and trapped to numbers in the wild of around 100 individuals in less than ten years.
Habitat destruction can be a further threat at least in Bolivia (SZWAGRZAK, in litt., 2002).
3. Utilization and trade
3.1 National utilization
Nearly nothing is known about national utilisation. The Blue-headed macaw is offered in markets in
Brazil in hundreds possibly originating from Peru (YAMASHITA in litt., 2001). There is one report of a
tame bird in Timpia, Peru, collected as a nestling (LIPPERT in litt., 2000a). The species is also hunted
for its meat (MUNN in litt., 2002b). The species seems to be well known on markets in Bolivia
(SZWAGRZAK, in litt., 2002). In 1991 two birds were sold on a market in Cobija and in 1995 20 –
30 individuals were sold to foreign traders. The traders showed their interest to buy more
individuals of Ara couloni for a much higher price. SZWAGRZAK (in litt., 2002) suspects that 1) this
was not an isolated case and 2) no controls exist.
3.2 Legal international trade
Ara couloni was virtually unknown in trade until 1995. From 1995 to 2000 trade in this species has
increased tremendously (see Fig. 1). The proportion of specimens reported to be captive born or
bred (sources: C, F) increased steadily (see Fig. 2), making up 100 % in 2000. Peru has reported
direct exports of altogether 16 wild-caught birds from 1983-1999 whereas importing countries
have reported only the direct import of 2 wild specimens from Peru plus 7 confiscated ones, making
a total of 9 specimens.
These diverging data do not necessarily indicate that illegal trade has taken place. They may derive
from different reporting systems used for the compilation of the CITES Annual Reports of the
member states as well as year-overlapping transfers.
The species is a high valuable resource. Formerly, there was only low interest of aviculturists in this
species, however, since 1999 interest has been increased resulting in very high prices of e.g.
12,500 USD in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (LIPPERT in COLLAR, 2001).
3.3 Illegal trade
Illegal trade of Ara couloni is of increasing significance (see Table 1) and the high prices lead one to
assume that illegal trade will continue with even higher numbers.
In the 1990s at least 50 Blue-headed macaws were smuggled over Russia to the Czech Republic.
Of these several were transferred to western Europe (VIT, 1996). It is very likely that all captive Ara
couloni in Europe and possibly anywhere in the world are illegal, except those confiscated and
entrusted to zoos (SAP, 1997). In Germany investigations of the CITES Management Authorities
are ongoing with regard to illegal trade of Ara couloni. These have resulted in approximately 30
specimens seized, some of them already even confiscated (pers. comm. German MA, 2001).
Table 1: Number of confiscated specimens of Ara couloni involved in trade transfers 1983 -1999
(Source: World Trade Data provided by WCMC 2001, 2002)
Year Numbers of confiscated birds mentioned in
imports reported exports/re-exports reported
3.4 Actual or potential trade impacts
There is an increasing interest in the Blue-headed macaw by aviculturists and commercial breeders.
Due to its rarity, low reproductive output and limited distribution an increasing trade in this species
can possibly damage the existing population seriously in the future.
The high numbers of birds kept illegally are alarming. Furthermore, the high prices since 1999
(LIPPERT in COLLAR, 2001) lead assume a high demand in this species (WRIGHT et al., 2001).
Figure 2: Number of captive born/bred specimens of Ara couloni compared to numbers of
presumably wild-taken specimens (code: W, I, U) turning up in trade transfers 1995-2000
(according to imports reported; data provided by WCMC 2001, 2002)
origin captive born/bred
origin presumably wild
Figure 1: Specimens of Ara couloni (all sources) turning up
in trade transfers 1983-2000
[Source: World trade data provided by WCMC 2001, 2002]
Exports/Re-Exports reported
Imports reported
Therefore, it is likely that capture pressure will increase for Ara couloni. Although total trade
numbers are not extremely high, collection of nestlings or capture of adult birds can have a negative
impact on the species' demography due to its overall rarity. The former can lead to a low
recruitment rate and an increasingly geriatric population (JONES et al., 1995). Removal of potential
breeding pairs can further decrease the already low reproductive output. Trappers catch the Blueheaded
macaw at clay licks (MUNN in litt., 2002b). This incurs the danger that whole populations
might be removed from the wild. Therefore, trade can have detrimental effects on the species
survival in the future.
3.5 Captive breeding for commercial purposes (outside country of origin)
There are only few data available about breeding for commercial purposes. The World Conservation
Monitoring Centre has provided data about international trade with captive bred (second generation)
birds (WCMC, 2001). Between 1983 and 2000 around 16 captive bred birds were traded all of
them in 1999. Commercial breeding centres on the Philippines and Tenerife produced 37 young
between 1998 and 2001 (Table 2; REINSCHMIDT in litt.; 2001; Bundesamt f?r Naturschutz, 2002).
Table 2: Breeding success of Ara couloni in two commercial breeding centres
Birds International, Philippines 3 14 12
Loro Parque, Tenerife - - 8
Most Blue-headed macaws are in private collections. Breeding records are available from the
Society of Species Conservation and Aviculture (AZ), the largest society for private breeders in
Germany. In 1998 six young were produced from two pairs (AZN, 2000). It is not known how
many of these and further birds are sold commercially.
From 1998 to 2001 fourteen confiscated Blue-headed macaws were kept at Fundaci?n ARA,
Mexico, where they successfully raised four young. Lack of financial support to Fundaci?n ARA
caused that the entire group was moved to Bronx Zoo in 2001 (INIGO-ELIAS in litt.; 2002a). It is
planed to establish a breeding programme for conservation purposes for Ara couloni (BRUNING in litt.,
4. Conservation and Management
4.1 Legal status
4.1.1 National
In Brazil Ara couloni is protected by the Brazilian legislation for Fauna and Flora, which
states that all species with distribution and/or occurrence in Brazilian territory are legally
protected and only can be assessed with the authorization of the Brazilian Institute for the
Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (IBAMA). Although the species is absent
from the Brazilian Official List of Endangered Fauna, the species is under protection
according to the Brazilian laws for wildlife fauna. At the moment the Brazilian Official List of
Endangered Species is being revised and the situation of Ara couloni is being evaluated
(BAMPI AND TAVARES, in litt., 2002).
Ara couloni is not protected in Peru and Bolivia. However, Peru appears to have a quota
system for export of birds for more than thirteen years. It allows export of few species only
and requires a permit. The Blue-headed macaw is not included in the list of tradable species
(SAP, 1997). Since 1995 the Timpia tribe banned hunting and capture of macaws and other
parrots in the Lower Urubamba near Manu National Park, Peru (MUNN, 1998).
4.1.2 International
In 1981 Ara couloni was listed in CITES Appendix II. There is an EU import suspension for
the Blue-headed macaw from Bolivia since 23 October 1986 (import suspension art. 10.1.(b)
under old regulation EC Reg. 3626/82, now under EC Reg. 338/97) and from Brazil since 19
October 1988 [(import suspension art. 10.1.(b) under old regulation EC Reg. 3626/82, now
under EC Reg. 338/97; WCMC, 1999]. In 1997 the species was included in Annex B of the
EU Wildlife Trade Regulation.
The US Wild Bird Conservation Act of 1992 bans all CITES Appendix II species, which
included Ara couloni, unless the Secretary of the Interior is satisfied that a scientificallybased
management plan exists for the species (PHPA/LIPI/BirdLife International -IP, 1998).
4.2 Species management
4.2.1 Population monitoring
At present, the Blue-headed macaw is not monitored. Recent information is available only
from the southern part of its distribution where tourists and scientists record this species in
the national parks near and around clay licks.
Population monitoring of the Blue-headed macaw is urgently needed to assess population
status, breeding success and population trends.
4.2.2 Habitat conservation
Few of the areas inhabited by Ara couloni are protected, most are located in the southern
part of its distribution. In Peru, the species was observed in the Manu National Park
(MACHADO DE BARROS, 1995; GILARDI in litt., 2001), and at and around clay licks in the
Tambopata-Candamo Reserve Zone and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park (LLOYD, 1999;
CHAMPLIN, 1999). The Tambopata-Candamo Reserve Zone was given National Reserve
status in 2000 (Anon., 2000). Despite the excellent protection of the Manu National Park
there are still serious problems. Colonists are encroaching on park boundaries and oil and
mining concerns are interested in this region. Furthermore, park's boundaries have never
been adequately mapped. It should be mentioned that the status of the Reserve zones is
only temporary (MUNN, 2002c). In the Northern part of Peru the species occurs in the
Pacaya Samiria National Reserve (MUNN in litt., 2002b). In Brazil, in the range where the
Blue-headed macaw occurs, protected areas are the Parque National Da Serra do Divisor and
the Floresta Nacional do Macaua (YAMASHITA in litt., 2001). Furthermore, there are at least
three other areas (extrativism reserves) with potential occurrence of the species, the total
area (conservation units) under protection by Brazilian law is approximately 1,750,000
hectares. Considering this number, there is no information about the percentage of habitat
and/or area used by Ara couloni (BAMPI AND TAVARES, in litt., 2002). The species might also
occur in the Madidi National Park in Bolivia.
4.2.3 Management measures
There are no management measures proposed at pre sent, although urgently needed.
Surveys should be undertaken to assess population size in the different locations and to
answer the following questions. Is there a continuous distribution of the species or is it
fragmented? How rapid does the population of this species decline or does it remain stable?
What are the limiting factors for the low reproductive output (poaching, natural predation,
diseases, number of suitable nest trees etc.)? The feeding spectrum of the species should be
investigated. Is the Blue-headed macaw a feeding generalist or specialist, which depends on
particular plant species? Is there a conflict between the species' and man's requirements?
To which amount does capture influence population numbers? Can trade be controlled? Last
but not least, is there a threat because of habitat destruction?
A tight cooperation between the three countries where the Blue-headed macaw occurs is
essential for a successful management.
4.3 Control measures with regard to international trade
International import restrictions seem not to be effective, although legal trade of wild caught Ara
couloni into the European Union dropped to zero. However, increasing numbers of this species have
been traded illegally (WCMC, 2001). Furthermore, the quota system developed by the Peruvian
government (SAP, 1997) is currently insufficient to prevent trade with the Blue-headed macaw.
5. Information on Similar Species
The Blue-headed macaw is closely related to Ara auricollis and Ara maracana with whom it forms a
superspecies (DEL HOYO et al., 1997). However, all three species are very distinct in their plumage
coloration (FORSHAW, 1977).
6. Other Comments
Both, Management and Scientific Authorities of the range states, were contacted in March 2002.
Responses were received from Bolivia and Brazil.
The Bolivian Scientific Authority recommends to support the proposal (Fax of Bolivian SA of April 15
2002, see attachments). Additional information on the status of this species in Bolivia was transmitted
as well by A. SZWAGRZAK, consultant to the Bolivian SA.
The Brazilian Management Authority ( Fax of April 15 2002, see attachments) provided additional
information as well and agreed to participate as co-proponent.
7. Additional Remarks
Anon., 2000: Tambopata given national reserve status. NEOORN, 23 September 2000.
http://www.neotropicalbirdclub.org.
Anon., 2001: Rainforest Expeditions, Wildlife Info of Tambopata.
http://www.perunature.com/info05.htm.
Armonia, 2001: Armonia database provided by Asociaci?n Armon?a, Bolivia.
AZN, 2000: AZ-Nachzuchtstatistik 1998. AZN 3: 175-187.
BAMPI, M.I. & F.C. TAVARES, in litt., 2002: Information provided by the Management Authority to CITES –
Brazil (Fauna General Coordination) to the German Scientific Authority to CITES.
BRUNING, D., 2002: email from 15 Feb. 2002. New Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx Zoo.
Bundesamt f?r Naturschutz, 2002: Data provided by Birds International to the German Scientific
Authority to CITES.
CHAMPLIN, P., 1999: email to NEOORN, 22 Sept. 1999 provided by Manuel Plenge.
Collar, N., 2001: Blue-headed macaw Ara (Propyrrhura) couloni. Provided by Birdlife International.
DEL HOYO, J., A. ELLIOTT & J. SARGATAL (eds.), 1997: Handbook of the birds of the world, Vol. 4,
Sandgrouse t o Cuckoos. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
FORSHAW, J. M., 1977: Parrots of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune.
FRIAS, M.S., in litt., 2002: Information provided by the Scientific Authority to CITES - Bolivia (Museo
Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz).
GE CHRISTIAN, D., 1999 : email to NEOORN, 24 Sept. 1999 provided by Manuel Plenge.
GILARDI, J.D., in litt., 2001: email from 4 Dec. 2001. The World Parrot Trust.
HILTON-TAYLOR, C. (compiler), 2000: 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland,
Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. xviii + 61pp.
HOPPE, D., 1992: Aras: Die Arten und Rassen, Haltung und Zucht. Vol. 2, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
INIGO-ELIAS, E., in litt., 2002a: email from 1 Feb. 2002. Conservation Program, Cornell Lab. of
Ornithology.
INIGO-ELIAS, E., in litt., 2002b: email from 28 Jan. 2002. Conservation Program, Cornell Lab. of
JONES, M.J., M.D. LINSLEY & S.J. MARSDEN, 1995: Population sizes, status and habitat associations of the
restricted-range species of Su mba, Indonesia. Bird Conservation International 5 (1): 21-52.
KRATTER, A., 1999: email to NEOORN, 23 Sept. 1999 provided by Manuel Plenge.
LIPPERT, J., in litt., 2000a: letter from 12 April 2000 to German Scientific Authority to CITES.
Landesumweltamt Brandenburg.
LIPPERT, J., in litt., 2000b: letter from 5 June 2000 to German Scientific Authority to CITES.
LIPPERT, J., in litt., 2002: email from 14 March 2002 to German Scientific Authority to CITES.
LLOYD, H., 1999: email to NEOORN, 21 Sept. 1999 provided by Manuel Plenge.
MACHADO DE BARROS, Y., 1995: Der Gebirgsara Ara couloni, Beobachtungen im Manu Nationalpark.
Papageien 8: 241.
MUNN, C., 1998: Letter from the field. Parrotdata. www.parrotdata.com/articlesny/artikler.asp?aid=115.
MUNN, C., in litt., 2002a: email from 28 Jan. 2002.
MUNN, C., in litt., 2002b: email from 28 Jan. 2002.
MUNN, C. A., 2002c: Conservation efforts in Manu and cooperation with local peoples. The Living Edens
'Manu'. Wysiwyg://14/http://www.pbs.org/edens/manu/conserve.htm.
PARKER, T. A. III, A. CASTILLO, M. GELL-MANN & O. ROCHA, 1991: Records of new and unusual birds from
northern Bolivia. Bull. B.O.C. 111 (3): 120-138.
PHPA/LIPI/BirdLife International-IP, 1998: Yellow-crested Cockatoo Recovery Plan. PHPA/LIPI/BirdLife
International-Indonesian Programme, Bogor, Indonesia.
REINSCHMIDT, M., in litt.; 2001: email from 5 Dec. 2001. Curator Loro Parque.
RICALDE, D., 1999: email to NEOORN, 20 Sept. 1999 provided by Manuel Plenge.
SALAZAR, E., in litt., 2001: email from 23 Nov. 2001. Investigador en Ornitologia Proyecto BIODAMAZ -
IIAP.
SAP, 1997: Achtung – illegale Aras. Report of the 'Stiftung Avifauna Protecta'. Gef. W elt 6: 194.
Prop. 12.18 – p. 10
SZWAGRZAK, A., in litt., 2002: Information provided to the German Scientific Authority to CITES.
VIT, R., 1996: Der Blaukopf- oder Gebirgsara. Gef. Welt 11: 375-376.
VIT, R., 1997: Der Blaukopf- oder Gebirgsara. Gef. Welt 6: 193-194.
WCMC, 1999: Review of Annex B species, Part 12. – Datasheets provided by the World Conservation
Monitoring Centre for the 13th meeting of the Scientific Review Group of the European Community,
June 23, 1999: 47-48.
WCMC, 2001: World trade data, 1983-2000. provided by World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
WRIGHT, T. F., C.A. TOFT, E. ENKERLIN-HOEFLICH, et al., 2001: Nest poaching in neotropical parrots.
Conservation Biology 15 (3): 710-720.
YAMASHITA, C., in litt., 2001: email from 30 Nov. 2001.
Wild Bird Conservation Act of 1992. This Act restricted the importation of Exotic Birds into the United States. An approved List for Import was Cooperative Breeding Programs and at this time no longer is in effect.
Cherane Pefley Avianitarian < /head>
Avian Health Program - To guard against the risk of any future avian disease outbreak, CDFA and USDA formed the Avian Health Program. The program will consist of promoting disease recognition and prevention for backyard bird owners, hobby bird owners, and the commercial avian industry.
CITES - Information on the Convention in International Trade of Endangered Species.
Florida Transportation of Exotic Birds - All 50 states as well as Puerto Rico, Guam and U.S. Virginia Islands' policies regarding importation of birds. Includes updates on Exotic Newcastle Disease requirements.
Lacey Act - Digest of the Lacey Act regulating trade in birds.
State Vets - List of each States', plus Guam, Puerto Rico and U.S. Virginia Islands' official veterinarian including contact information. It is highly recommended that ALL State Veterinarians be contacted prior to shipment to or through their states for anyone in a state with a confirmed END outbreak.
CA Baby Bird Law Formerly known as AB 202, this law prohibits the sale of unweaned baby parrots by pet shops unless certain conditions are met. Furthermore, this law prevents the sale of ALL unweaned baby parrots by anyone at bird marts or swap meets. Anyone selling a baby parrot under the age of 1 year that was hand-fed at a bird mart or swap meet must provide written documentation of the bird's weight at the time of sale.
Aviculture, Conservation, & Zoological
Loro Parque Fundacion- Saving wildlife and habitats.
American Federation of America
Bird life International
International Government Agencies for Animal Trade
Wild Bird Conservation Act Exact text of the WBCA of 1992. The Final Rule adopted in 1999 allows for the importation of some wild-caught species under certain conditions.Animal Welfare Act - Exact text of the Animal Welfare Act as well as the 2002 Farm Bill Amendment pertaining to birds. Also, Synopsis of the presentation made by Dr. Gipson of USDA at the 2002 American Federation of Aviculture convention.
Endangered Species Act - Digest of the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973
C.I.T.E.S. - Convention for the International Trade in Endangered Species
U.S.F.W.S. - Wild Bird Conservation Act
U.S.D.A. - Importing Commercial Birds into the United States
USDA/APHIS Hist. - A history of the United States Department of Aviculture and USDA Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service with respect to laws and regulations affecting birds.
Bird Smuggling - News release from US Fish & Wildlife Service on the trade in smuggled birds and what you can do to help stop it.
European Commission - Import Ban on Avian Influenza H5N1
Importing & Exporting Birds from Australia - Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act
Avian Publications
Aviculture Federation of America
Lexicon of Parrots - English/German
Parrots Magazine - United Kingdom
©1999-2009 Cherane Pefley-Heaven On Earth Avian Acre


How is it not a #PSYOP?
Anonymous poster - from the dark web - rallying millions and disparaging others - while affecting the beliefs (thru hope/fear) of a huge number of people.
This is a #PSYOP by definition.
If it weren't, there would be no need for cryptic and veiled releases video of the dark web.
One cannot argue that a torrential rain, is a blizzard, because they don't like the flood.
The question is who is running it and what are the goals?
Correction "*via* the dark web.
"Five Most Wanted Leaders of ISIS Captured"
In a tweet this morning, @realDonaldTrump stated "Five most wanted leaders of ISIS just captured!" #Q asks, "Names? No Name previous meeting(s)?" #Qanon is referring to McCain #NoName meeting with ISIS leaders as seen in this pic.


text:
USC receives $17.8 million grant for more research on tobacco-related health risks
FDA funding will support studies to assess and prevent harm from tobacco products
Contact: Gary Polakovic (213-740-9226) or polakovi@usc.edu
A new, $17.8 million grant will ensure USC remains at the forefront of research to protect people from tobacco-related health risks.
The money will be used to promote biomedical and behavioral research to build the scientific underpinning for regulation of tobacco products. USC is part of a national, federally funded program to assess and prevent harm from tobacco products.
The changing nature of addiction
The grant comes at a time of change across an older generation that grew up when cigarettes dominated the tobacco market and a new generation is exposed to various forms of tobacco. Change is driven by new technologies such as vaping devices, flavored products and social media marketing.
"After decades of reducing use of tobacco products and cigarette use, we now face a new emerging crisis in vaping, which exceeds the prevalence of cigarette use among young people," said Mary Ann Pentz, professor of preventive medicine and director of the Institute for Prevention Research at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. "Without adequate regulation and control, the myriad of new vaping products threatens to undo progress to protect young people from tobacco."
USC will use the funds to pay for research for the next five years at the USC Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS). It is one of nine such federally funded research centers nationwide. In particular, the USC center studies use and health effects of electronic cigarette products.
Scientific research is spread across four enterprises:
Youth-oriented social media marketing and conversation about tobacco products.
Effects of e-cigarette product marketing at vape shops on customers.
A survey of vaping and smoking in 6,400 Southern California teens and young adults from age 14 to 24.
Laboratory studies of which types of e-cigarettes are appealing and addictive to young people and desirable for adults interested in quitting smoking.
Funding comes from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products and is administered by the National Cancer Institute, which is part of the National Institutes of Health. The program is authorized by the FDA's Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009, which Congress passed to protect youths from tobacco products.
Today, tobacco products are diverse as cigarettes comprise a diminishing market share while e-cigarettes gain in popularity. E-cigarettes are non-combustible products that simulate a smoking experience. Some longtime smokers might use the devices to kick the habit, yet the devices pose new risks of early introduction to nicotine and potential addiction for children who vape.
Earlier this month, FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb declared youth vaping an "epidemic" and threatened to halt sales of flavored e-cigarettes unless manufacturers show they are trying to prevent their use among children and teens.
USC leads efforts to protect people from smoking
Against that backdrop, the USC program theme is "Products With Populations." It will focus on characteristics of e-cigarettes that attract youth but are not appealing to adult smokers interested in switching to e-cigarettes. The goal is to inform regulations that may protect youth without discouraging smokers from switching to a less harmful product in e-cigarettes. Among the research concentrations are youth-oriented e-cigarette flavors and cartoon labels. Researchers will also study social media. The goal is to better understand the interplay between human behavior, modern communication and health risks.
"We have an amazing group of scientists at USC who've been focusing on tobacco for decades," said Adam Leventhal, professor of preventive medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. "We've been major contributors to scientific literature to help guide regulations of e-cigarettes and tobacco products."
Study participants will be residents of Los Angeles and surrounding communities and represent various races and socioeconomic backgrounds affected by tobacco. The findings will inform socially-conscious policies that help to correct disparities in tobacco-related illness.
In the end, the goal of the program is to provide the FDA with evidence to address what is arguably the greatest current dilemma in tobacco policy in how to regulate e-cigarettes. The USC TCORS will inform regulatory policy that benefits the entire population, regardless of age, smoking history or sociodemographic background. The USC center also educates and trains the next generation of tobacco regulatory scientists.
For more information, visit the USC TCORS website.
Caption: USC researchers focus on protecting teens who vape from nicotine and tobacco addition.


Welcome to our San Antonio New Home Builders section, where you can find new construction homes. If you are looking for a new home in and around the San Antonio area, you have come to the right place. The builders new homes provide custom, active-adult, single-family, and condominium housing opportunities in virtually every price range.
There are many reasons to buy a new home straight from the developer. When you buy new construction, you can rest easy knowing that the house will be up to modern code, have the latest energy-efficient features, and may perform much better on the market when it comes time to sell. There are many new properties on the market, from cozy condos to palatial estates on large properties. As well, you always have the option of buying a vacant lot and constructing the home you've always dreamed of.
If you are a real estate investor interested in immediate tenancy, we have some rare opportunities to purchase the builders brand new model home and pay you rent while they continue to sell new homes in the subdivision. Click here for more information about this unique builder leaseback investment opportunity.
As your Realtor, we are on your side during this important New Home Purchase and best of all, our services are no cost to you at all. Doesn't it make sense to hire a Realtor? You'll want someone looking out for your best interests. We will be happy to be your Buyer's Agent.
Our easy to use New Home search allows you to view new homes as well as compare new home builder communities by price and amenities.
When you buy a new home, it will truly be "your" house, as you'll be the first to live there. You also have the option of building or modifying the property to suit yourself and your family. Something built for your unique lifestyle will be more "yours" than a resale home that you have to adapt to in order to live comfortably. There are many home construction companies out there that have an astonishing number of design packages. You are really only limited by your budget and your goals.
A new home has all the latest technology available to it. There are many opportunities during the construction process to add eco-friendly features, use longer-lasting materials and state-of-the-art design. Homes built today are also more likely to be better for you, as they will be free of the dangerous chemicals and materials used in the homes of yesteryear.
Many new homes are being built in master-planned communities that are designed to maximize green space, walk-ability and opportunities for social interaction. Instead of a hodgepodge of houses, streets and parks, a master-planned community is designed for the enjoyment of its residents and their guests. You may desire a San Antonio gated homes for sale community. You interests may lie in golf, we do have many San Antonio golf course homes for sale. By making these types of choices for neighborhoods, you are choosing a lifestyle that will increase your overall enjoyment of your home.
A new home is more likely to have a higher resale value if you decide to move on in the future. Since the home will still be relatively new for years to come, it will be more attractive to buyers looking for a home built on reliable, modern standards. Master-planned communities, with their family-friendly layouts and ample public space, are also more in demand than ever before, which will increase your home's value to prospective buyers.
Thank you for making this New Construction Home section a destination during your search for a new home for sale in the San Antonio area.


Athletics is made up of track and field events with a variety of competitions in running, walking, jumping and throwing events. In the London Youth Games, Athletics holds its largest number of competitions with both Open and Schools competitions including Cross Country, Sportshall Athletics, Quadkids Athletics, Paragames Athletics and Open Athletic events.
The oldest person to complete a marathon was a man named Fauja Singh born in 1911, making him 100 years old!
To get involved in our competitions, you will need to contact the BTO or SGO in your borough or via the LYG App you can register your interest.


text:
A student was interested in determining the relationship between the current, voltage, and resistance in a direct circuit, such as those exemplified by batteries connected to light bulbs. The student built the circuit presented in Figure 1 using a 2 ohm resistor.
The current that flows through the circuit can be calculated using the equation , where is the voltage of the battery, is the current flowing through the circuit, and is the resistance of the resistor.
The student used a 2 ohm resistor and batteries of various voltages to obtain the results in Table 1. The currents shown in the table are NOT calculated using the formula , but instead directly measured from the circuit using an ammeter. It is important to note that the measured current will only exactly equal the calculated current if the system contains no internal resistance.
Based on Table 1, the power of a circuit can be calculated using the equation __________.
We can use the values provided in Table 1 to determine how power is being calculated. Using Experiment 2 as a guide, we can see that , or . The same relationship holds for all other experiments, so we can assume the equation to calculate power is .
In Experiment 1, the experimenter changes the material on the surface of the ball and the surface of the ramp. She finds that the force of friction on the ball is now equal to 5 N at points 1, 2, and 3. Which of the following is most likely true?
I. Force of friction is dependent on the nature of the surfaces in contact
II. Force of friction is inversely proportional to potential energy, and dependent on the nature of the surfaces in contact
III. Force of friction is inversely proportional to kinetic energy, and dependent on the nature of the surfaces in contact
I and III
I and II
According to the table in the first experiment, friction does not change with potential or kinetic energy. However, we know that it does change with the nature of the surfaces in contact, as the question tells us this much. Therefore, it must be dependent on this variable, and not the potential or kinetic energy values.
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy in the universe cannot be created or destroyed. Which of the following is most likely true in Experiment 1 as the ball rolls from position 1 to position 3?
Potential energy is turned into kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is turned into potential energy
Total potential energy is conserved
Total frictional energy is conserved
Total kinetic energy is conserved
While energy cannot be created or destroyed, the table in Experiment 1 clearly shows that energy is changing forms.
The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object is equal to that object's change in kinetic energy:
As the ball rolls from position 1 to position 2 in Experiment 1, which of the following is most likely true?
Friction is performing most of the work on the ball
Gravity is performing most of the work on the ball
Heat is performing most of the work on the ball
Electric current is performing most of the work on the ball
We cannot predict the force performing most of the work on the ball
We know that the ball is experiencing an increase in kinetic energy as it rolls down the ramp under the force of gravity. It is most likely, then, that gravity is performing the majority of the work on the ball, as we know that the change in kinetic energy is equivalent to the work being done.
The graph below depicts the position of three different cars over a 15-second time interval.
Which of the following describes the correct sequence of speed changes of Car 3?
constant, increasing, zero, decreasing
constant, zero, constant
constant, decreasing, increasing, constant, decreasing
constant, increasing, zero, constant
increasing, decreasing, increasing, constant, decreasing
This question asks you to interpret how the green slope changes. From t = 1 to 4s, the speed of the car is constant (it has a linear slope). From t = 4 to 8 s, the slope becomes greater and greater, indicating that Car 3 is accelerating. From t = 8 s to 10s, Car 3 has the same position, indicating that Car 3 is not moving. Finally, from 10s and onward the slope of Car 3 is constant (neither accelerating or decelerating). Thus, the correct sequence is constant, increasing, zero, constant.
Black-body radiation is the energy that is released as light from any object with a non-zero temperature (0 Kelvin, or about –273.15 degrees Celcius). An everyday example of black-body radiation is an electric stovetop. When an electric stove is at its highest setting, energy is pumped into the stovetop, and some of the energy will be released as light, causing it to glow orange. This is black-body radiation at the wavelength of light that corresponds with the color orange.
The visible spectrum of light wavelengths is from about 400 nanometers (high energy) to about 750 nanometers (low energy). The wavelength of light is correlated with the energy of that light, while the intensity refers to the amount of light. For example, a stovetop with very bright orange color does not have different energy per photon of light than a stovetop with a dim orange, as long as they are the same shade. Rather, the brighter stovetop just emits more photons.
The wavelength of black-body radiation of an object can be described by the following equation: , where is the most prominent (peak) wavelength of the radiation emitted from an object, is temperature in Kelvin (Celcius plus 273.15), and is a constant.
At a temperature of 100 degrees Kelvin, it has a peak wavelength of 450 nanometers. What would happen if this object were heated by 50 degrees Kelvin?
The object's black-body radiation would shift from non-visible to visible
The object's black-body radiation would change color
The object's black-body radiation would decrease in intensity
The object's black-body radiation would shift from visible to non-visible
The object's black-body radiation would increase in intensity
The answer is that it would go from being visible to not being visible. As we see in the equation, increasing an object's temperature decreases the wavelength of its black-body radiation. We do not know how this temperature increase will affect the intensity of the light. What we do know is that it will lower the black-body radiation wavelength by a factor of 1.5. This would take the wavelength below 400 nanometers, making it fall outside of the visible spectrum as described in the passage.
What would happen to the peak wavelength of an object's black-body radiation if its temperature (in Kelvin) were doubled?
The peak wavelength would decrease by a factor of 2.
The peak wavelength would increase by a factor of 2.
The peak wavelength would decease by a factor of 4.
The peak wavelength would remain constant.
The correct answer is that it would decrease by a factor of 2. Since the the peak wavelength multiplied by the temperature are set equal to a constant, if one increases, the other has to decrease proportionally. This is a perfect inverse relationship.
A scientist decides to conduct an experiment to see how the temperature of an object affects the total energy released in its black-body radiation. The scientist conducts the experiment at very low temperatures and measures the energy released by the object in units of a hundred-millionth of a joule . The results are shown below:
Based on the data collected, what could we predict the energy to be for an object at a temperature of 4.0K?
459 Joules
1450 Joules
The correct answer is the one that follows the trend shown in the chart. When the temperature was doubled, (from 1K to 2K), the energy increased by a factor of about 16. This means that temperature and energy here are related exponentially. In fact, they are related by an exponent of 4. That is, multiplying one by 2, increases the other by a factor of
Therefore, the answer is approximately 16 times the answer for trial 3. This we can simply estimate (you don't have to actually do the math) and we can rule out any answer that is either lower than 459 or not sufficiently greater than 459.
An engineer wants to design a prank toy that will be thrown onto the ground. It looks like a superball (bouncing ball), but does not bounce. The engineer has Subtance A, Substance B, and Substance C that he drops from various heights. All of the tests are performed by dropping the substances on the same surface and each height is tested multiple times. The error between experiments is minimal and too small to be seen on the graph. The engineer records the maximum rebound height of each substance at the various drop heights. This data is displayed in the graph below.
Which substance would be best for the engineer to investigate further for developing the prank bouncing ball ?
Substance B
Substance C
Substance A and Substance B
There is not enough information to answer this question
Substance A
Substance C is the best material for this task. In the plot, the ball composed of Substance C consistently has the lowest rebound height. Additionally, Substance C's rebound height does not significantly change despite the change in drop height.
An individual lives in an area that will experience 180 days and nights of sunlight in a row (assume no clouds during this time) and the remainder of the year will have no sunlight. What setup should the researcher recommend, if the individual plans on only using solar energy to power his or her home?
In this question, the important columns contain data related to the time it takes to fully charge the battery and the life of the battery at a full charge. The 180 days of sunlight will be necessary to fully charge the battery so that this energy can be used throughout the rest of the year. All of the setups can fully charge the battery within this time. There are 185 remaining days in the year; therefore, it will be necessary to use a setup that has a battery life longer than this time. Only the setup provided by lab D can accomplish this task.
Malinda
Georgia State University, Bachelor of Science, Neurobiology and Behavior.
Baker University, Bachelor of Science, Biology, General.
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Hartt & Soul Productions Presents: Benefitting One World
Superfónicos
Show Time : 7:00 PM
Superfónicos is Colombian Funk. Better yet, it is Caríbe Soul…fed by the Indigenous and African roots of the band's Colombian heritage, telegraphing a politics of peace and unity from the stage to your ears. They were formed when bassist Nico Sanchez and guitarist Erick Bohorquez began discussions about creating a group with a foundation in Afro-Colombian rhythms. They soon teamed up with guitarist Andres Villegas and percussionist Daniel Sanchez and started rehearsing together during time away from their other bands.…
Marshall Charloff & the Purple Xperience
Prince personified MUSICAL EXCELLENCE. To pay TRIBUTE to Prince's artistry with any level of authenticity, TRUE MUSICIANSHIP IS REQUIRED. Since 2011, Minneapolis-native Marshall Charloff has established his dominance as the world's premier artist paying tribute to Prince. An accomplished multi-instrumentalist, composer, and producer in his own right, Marshall delivers the legitimacy and credibility that Prince's music—and his discerning fans—require. Marshall Charloff's musicianship has led him to front 25 of North America's finest symphonies, to headline at Red Rocks Amphitheatre, to…
Brubeck Brothers Celebrate Dave's Centennial
Chris and Dan Brubeck have been making music together practically all their lives. Drummer Dan and bassist, trombonist, and composer Chris cut their first record together in 1966. They have subsequently played a variety of styles in several different groups, as well as with their father, jazz giant Dave Brubeck. The dynamic Brubeck Brothers Quartet is made complete by guitarist Mike DeMicco and pianist Chuck Lamb. Together they perform at concert series, colleges, and jazz festivals across North America and…
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Finetunz Entertainment debut their official single and it features various artistes. the likes of Cent Remmy, Lexcy and Vicki d.
The fresh produced-single is dubbed "LOCATION", quite impressive and this is sure ear candy any day any time.
Nigerian Afropop and Rnb vocalist, Timmy Knight, teams up with the prolific DJ Altims of Mavin records to create this 'feel good' refix of Khalid's Location.
Timmy Knight who owned the song, maintained the emotion, calm and feel of the original while infusing his tropical signature influences to the tune. DJ Altims throws in a handful of kaleidoscopic electronic synths woven into a solid beat that adds to the depth of the track, complimenting Timmy Knight's vocals.
This refix puts a magical touch to this beautiful song and should usher Timmy Knight to the corridors of mainstream music globally.