text:
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, KHHomeScreenSection) {
    KHHomeScreenSectionActiveStreaks = 0,
    KHHomeScreenSectionCreatedStreaks,
    KHHomeScreenSectionCompletedStreaks,
    KHHomeScreenSectionCount
};

@interface KHHomeCollectionViewDataSource ()<UICollectionViewDataSource, UICollectionViewDelegate, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout, KHHomeScreenDataSourceDelegate>

@property (nonatomic, weak) id<KHHomeView>homeView;

@property (nonatomic, strong) KHHomeScreenDataSource *dataSource;

@property (nonatomic, strong) KHHomeStreaksModel *streaks;

@end

static NSString *const KHkHomeCellIdentifier = @"homeCellIdentifier";
static NSString *const KHkHeaderIdentifier = @"headerIdentifier";

static CGFloat const KHkMargin = 20.0f;

@implementation KHHomeCollectionViewDataSource

- (instancetype)init {
    return [self initWithHomeView:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithHomeView:(id<KHHomeView> __nonnull)homeView {
    NSParameterAssert(homeView);
    if (self = [super init]) {
        _homeView = homeView;

        UICollectionView *collectionView = [homeView collectionView];
        collectionView.dataSource = self;
        collectionView.delegate = self;
        [collectionView registerClass:[KHStreakCell class] forCellWithReuseIdentifier:KHkHomeCellIdentifier];
        [collectionView registerClass:[KHHomeStreakHeaderView class] forSupplementaryViewOfKind:UICollectionElementKindSectionHeader withReuseIdentifier:KHkHeaderIdentifier];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)refreshData {
    [self.dataSource requestHomeScreen];
}

#pragma mark - Lazy Instantiation

- (KHHomeScreenDataSource *)dataSource {
    if (!_dataSource) {
        _dataSource = [[KHHomeScreenDataSource alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
    }
    return _dataSource;
}

#pragma mark - Data Source Manipulation

- (NSArray *)_createdStreaks {
    KHHomeStreaksGroup *createdStreakGroup = self.streaks.hostedStreaks;

    NSArray *ongoingStreaks = [createdStreakGroup activeStreaks];
    NSArray *completedStreaks = [createdStreakGroup completedStreaks];
    NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:ongoingStreaks];
    [array addObjectsFromArray:completedStreaks];

    return [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];
}

#pragma mark - UICollectionViewDataSource

- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInCollectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView {
    return KHHomeScreenSectionCount;
}

- (NSInteger)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView numberOfItemsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    KHHomeScreenSection homeScreenSection = section;
    switch (homeScreenSection) {
        case KHHomeScreenSectionActiveStreaks: {
            return [[[self.streaks joinedStreaks] activeStreaks] count];
            break;
        }
        case KHHomeScreenSectionCreatedStreaks: {
            return [[self _createdStreaks] count];
            break;
        }
        case KHHomeScreenSectionCompletedStreaks: {
            return [self.streaks.joinedStreaks.completedStreaks count];
            break;
        }
        case KHHomeScreenSectionCount:
        default: {
            return 0;
            break;
        }
    }
}

- (UICollectionViewCell *)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView cellForItemAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    UICollectionViewCell *cell = [collectionView dequeueReusableCellWithReuseIdentifier:KHkHomeCellIdentifier forIndexPath:indexPath];

    if ([cell isKindOfClass:[KHStreakCell class]]) {
        KHStreakCell *homeStreakCell = (KHStreakCell *)cell;

        KHStreakModel *streak = [self _streakForIndexPath:indexPath];
        KHStreakCellViewModel *vm = [[KHStreakCellViewModel alloc] init];
        [vm configureWithStreak:streak];
        [homeStreakCell configureWithViewModel:vm];
    }
    return cell;
}

- (KHStreakModel *)_streakForIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {

    NSArray *streaks;
    switch (indexPath.section) {
        case KHHomeScreenSectionActiveStreaks: {
            streaks = self.streaks.joinedStreaks.activeStreaks;
            break;
        }
        case KHHomeScreenSectionCreatedStreaks: {
            streaks = [self _createdStreaks];
            break;
        }
        case KHHomeScreenSectionCompletedStreaks: {
            streaks = self.streaks.joinedStreaks.completedStreaks;
            break;
        }
        case KHHomeScreenSectionCount:
        default: {
            break;
        }
    }
    KHStreakModel *streak = streaks[indexPath.row];
    return streak;
}

- (CGSize)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView layout:(UICollectionViewLayout *)collectionViewLayout referenceSizeForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section {
    CGFloat width = CGRectGetWidth(collectionView.bounds) - 2 * KHkMargin;
    CGFloat height = 50.0f;
    return CGSizeMake(width, height);
}

- (UICollectionReusableView *)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView viewForSupplementaryElementOfKind:(NSString *)kind atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    UICollectionReusableView *reusableView;
    if ([kind isEqualToString:UICollectionElementKindSectionHeader]) {
        reusableView = [collectionView dequeueReusableSupplementaryViewOfKind:UICollectionElementKindSectionHeader withReuseIdentifier:KHkHeaderIdentifier forIndexPath:indexPath];
        if ([reusableView isKindOfClass:[KHHomeStreakHeaderView class]]) {
            KHHomeStreakHeaderView *headerView = (KHHomeStreakHeaderView *)reusableView;

            NSString *title;
            switch (indexPath.section) {
                case KHHomeScreenSectionActiveStreaks: {
                    title = NSLocalizedString(@"Active streaks you're in", @"Title for a group of all the streaks the user is currently in.");
                    break;
                }
                case KHHomeScreenSectionCreatedStreaks: {
                    title = NSLocalizedString(@"Streaks you've created", @"Title for a group of the streaks the user has created.");
                    break;
                }
                case KHHomeScreenSectionCompletedStreaks: {
                    title = NSLocalizedString(@"Streaks you've completed", @"Title for a group of streaks the user has completed");
                    break;
                }
                case KHHomeScreenSectionCount:
                default: {
                    break;
                }
            }
            [headerView setTitle:title];
        }
    }
    return reusableView;
}

#pragma mark - UICollectionViewDelegateCollectionFlowLayout

- (CGSize)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView layout:(UICollectionViewLayout *)collectionViewLayout sizeForItemAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    CGFloat width = CGRectGetWidth(collectionView.bounds) - 2 * KHkMargin;
    CGFloat height = 200.0f;
    return CGSizeMake(width, height);
}

- (UIEdgeInsets)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView layout:(UICollectionViewLayout *)collectionViewLayout insetForSectionAtIndex:(NSInteger)section {
    return UIEdgeInsetsMake(KHkMargin, 0, 0, 0);
}

#pragma mark - UICollectionViewDelegate

- (void)collectionView:(UICollectionView *)collectionView didSelectItemAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
    KHStreakModel *streak = [self _streakForIndexPath:indexPath];

    KHStreakViewController *streakVC = [[KHStreakViewController alloc] initWithStreakModel:streak];

    [[self.homeView navigationController] pushViewController:streakVC animated:YES];
}

#pragma mark - KHHomeScreenDataSourceDelegate

- (void)homeStreaksReceived:(KHHomeStreaksModel * __nonnull)streaks {
    self.streaks = streaks;
    [[self.homeView collectionView] reloadData];
    [self.homeView endRefreshing];
}

@end

NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END


Buy your Early Birdie pass for $15 today online or at Wildcard or The Artsmiths of Pittsburgh!
EARLY BIRDIE PASSES for exclusive pre-event shopping from 10 to 11 AM are available for $15 online, at Wildcard in Lawrenceville, and at The Artsmiths of Pittsburgh in the South Hills.
Event and shopper information including Vendor Map, DJ schedule, information about directions and parking, and more.


text:
Used View
Non-Fiction Films for August: 4 'Jiro Dreams of Sushi'
by used view
There is a scene in David Gelb's documentary about world-renowned sushi chef Jiro Ono where his meal course is likened to a musical concerto. While Mozart's lovely and effervescent Piano Concerto no. 21 in C, K. 467: Andante plays for the soundtrack, the camera follows the presentation of each piece of sushi in the dinner service as if it were filming some epic, otherworldly beauty, reverently capturing every simple yet remarkable detail of every morsel. It represents the crowning moment of many that inspire the most longing of hunger pains – even if you do not like sushi, it would be hard to imagine someone denying how enticing Jiro's menu looks. Even so, the life and work eighty-five year-old chef proves calculating and intriguing enough to satisfy any viewer.
It would be an understatement to call Jiro a perfectionist. In Japan Jiro is known as "shokunin," a term to describe an artisan whose soul responsibility within his craft is both a social and spiritual obligation to fulfill his own requirement. With only the minutest exceptions Jiro has worked every day for seventy-five years towards this goal, this requirement, and it shows in every aspect of his work. There is a highly specific way in which an apprentice must ring the water out of a hot towel. One apprentice explains how it took him months before Jiro was satisfied with how he cooked eggs. Well-trusted vendors who are all experts on a certain type of seafood carefully choose every piece of fish with pleasing Jiro's learned palate first in mind. Only a certain type of rice is used, cooked and stored a certain way at a certain temperature. At a service Jiro carefully memorizes where he has placed each patron (there are only ten seats at the restaurant) according to their sex and dexterity while engineering each piece of food according to the diners' size and sex to ensure everyone finishes together. There are some many details observed it isn't hard to believe it took so long to master all of them.
Food critic Masuhiro Yamamoto iterates there are five qualities that make up a great chef: One, Take work seriously; Two, Aspire to improve; Three, Maintain cleanliness; Four, Be a better leader than a collaborator; and Five, Be passionate about the work. Jiro Ono is such a chef. It would be easy to dismiss his work ethic as obsessive, but that would be completely missing the point of Jiro Dreams of Sushi, a glance into the life of a real shokunin, where life and work become one. Though we get to meet his two sons Yoshikazu, who at age fifty still works alongside his father as the heir to the Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant, and Takashi, who owns his own sushi restaurant, Jiro's personal life is barely touched on. But then it would be justifiable to say that for a man who dreams nearly every night about making perfect sushi, who finds his greatest happiness in great fish, whose sushi bar unblinkingly received the massive culinary achievement of three Michelin stars, is as fulfilled in his life as he needs to be or would ever want to be. To do what you love and to love what you do, until the day you die: that is a blessed life.
Non-Fiction Films for August: 1 'Catfish'
Non-Fiction Films for August: 11 'Bowling for Columbine'
Non-Fiction Films for August: 2 'Good Hair'
Non-Fiction Films for August: 3 'Touching the Void'
Non-Fiction Films for August: 5 'Marwencol'
Non-Fiction Films for August: 6 'Man on Wire'
© 2020 Used View · Contact · Privacy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Legal Trouble
Kevin Hart's 'Mind Blown' After Friend Is Charged in Sex Tape Extortion Scandal
By Emily Marcus
Kevin Hart performs before the 67th NBA All-Star Game: Team LeBron Vs. Team Stephen at Staples Center on February 18, 2018 in Los Angeles, California. Kevin Mazur/WireImage
From friends to foes. Kevin Hart is "in complete disbelief" upon his close acquaintance Jonathan Todd Jackson being charged with extorting him.
The 38-year-old comedian seemingly addressed the scandal via Twitter on Wednesday, May 2. "Mind blown….Hurt….at a loss for words and simply in compete disbelief at the moment," he wrote. "WOW."
Biggest Celebrity Cheating Scandals Ever!
Hart's cryptic tweet comes hours after the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office announced that Jackson, 41, was charged "with trying to coerce actor Kevin Hart to pay him for a video that was surreptitiously recorded" in August 2017.
Jackson faces two felony accounts, one for attempted extortion and another for extortion by threatening letter, and faces a maximum sentence of four years in jail. He is also set to be arraigned on Wednesday.
According to TMZ, the Jumanji actor and Jackson have been friends for more than 15 years. They also costarred in Hart's 2014 flick Think Like a Man Too.
Stars at Court
Hart revealed in September 2017 that he was being extorted after making "a bad error in judgement and putting myself in an environment where only bad things can happen and they did."
TMZ reported soon after that Hart was being blackmailed for a videotape that featured him engaging in sexually suggestive conduct with a woman in Las Vegas. Hart's wife, Eniko Parrish, was eight months pregnant at the time.
Celebrity Babies of 2017
The Central Intelligence actor admitted to cheating on Parrish, 33, three months later during an interview with The Breakfast Club radio show. "Me being wrong, I'm going to face the music," he said at the time. "I'm gonna go home, I'm gonna address it, I'm gonna make my wife fully aware of what's going on in the situation that I have now put us in and I'm hoping that she has a heart to where she can forgive me and understand that this is not going to be a reoccurring thing and allow me to recover from my f—king massive mistake."
Parrish welcomed the couple's first child together, son Kenzo Kash Hart, in November. Hart also shares son Hendrix, 10, and daughter Heaven, 13, with ex-wife Torrei Hart.


Buy The Watchmage of Old New York at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Kobo, or wherever awesome books are sold.
I started working on The Watchmage of Old New York (the serial) a month after finishing Song of Simon (June 2012). After writing such a dark and disturbing piece like SoS, I needed something light to cleanse my palate. I never expected a "rebound" short story (like a rebound date) to become as popular as it did. You never know what's gonna hit the target.
The original concept came from several influences: Who Framed Roger Rabbit?, Buffy:TVS, American Gods, Ugly Americans (a cartoon that no one remembers), Gangs of New York (the book, not the movie), my intense love of history, and various role playing games like D&D, Rifts, Amber and White Wolf. Though many people don't believe it, I had never read The Dresden Files or had seen Grimm before I started writing it. I later read the first three Dresden books and made changes in the novel version to move away from Butcher's work.
The story grew until it was way too long for most zines. I grew frustrated, because I loved the story. Then I discovered JukePop Serials. They accepted it in serial format, and it almost immediately made the Editor's Choice list. They asked me to write a second story arc, and then a third. By the time the third came out, it was in the Top 10 most popular serials on the site, eventually topping out at #2. The owner and editor of JukePop liked it so much that they offered me an agent contract (which I later declined).
By the second story arc, I decided that Watchmage was meant to be a series of novels. I started writing the first novel while working on the third story arc. The novel is significantly different from the serial. Secondary characters like Jonas and Hendricks got their own story arc that takes up half of the novel, and Nathaniel's personality changed from cynical and grizzled to idealistic and devoted, haunted by past failures and his wife's death (that's no surprise, as I was grieving for my recently deceased girlfriend, Valerie). I also fleshed out the Dwellers, making each race more unique, with their own niches in society.
As I'm writing this, the first book of "The Watchmage Chronicles," The Watchmage of Old New York, is available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Kobo, and just about everywhere else.
This is my first self-published work, except for Valerie's anthology. I'm excited and terrified. Will people like it as much as the serial? Will it sell, or will it fade from view? I already have the first draft of the second novel written, and I'd hate to think that I spent so much time on something that no one enjoys. Yes, I write for myself, but I also write to bring people a little entertainment. Giving as much as receiving, balance in everything, and just a little bit of magic and madness. Never underestimate the Chaos Seed.


Polyosma fragrans Benn., Pl. Jav. Rar.
Latin for 'scented', referring to the flowers.
Sub-canopy tree up to 25 m tall and 41 cm dbh. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate to opposite, simple, penni-veined, glabrous. Flowers ca. 13 mm diameter, white-yellow, placed in racemes. Fruits ca. 6 mm diameter, blue-purple, drupes.
In undisturbed to disturbed (open) mixed dipterocarp, keranga, and sub-montane forests up to 1600 m altitude. Both common on alluvial sites with clay soils as well as on sandy ridges.
Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, East-Kalimantan), Philippines.
Borneo: Bah, Batang atab hitan.


text:
"""The Counter Dataset."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

from tensorflow.python import tf2
from tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops import scan_ops
from tensorflow.python.data.ops import dataset_ops
from tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import tf_export

@tf_export("data.experimental.Counter", v1=[])
def CounterV2(start=0, step=1, dtype=dtypes.int64):
  """Creates a `Dataset` that counts from `start` in steps of size `step`.

  For example:

  ```python
  Dataset.count() == [0, 1, 2, ...)
  Dataset.count(2) == [2, 3, ...)
  Dataset.count(2, 5) == [2, 7, 12, ...)
  Dataset.count(0, -1) == [0, -1, -2, ...)
  Dataset.count(10, -1) == [10, 9, ...)
  ```

  Args:
    start: (Optional.) The starting value for the counter. Defaults to 0.
    step: (Optional.) The step size for the counter. Defaults to 1.
    dtype: (Optional.) The data type for counter elements. Defaults to
      `tf.int64`.

  Returns:
    A `Dataset` of scalar `dtype` elements.
  """
  with ops.name_scope("counter"):
    start = ops.convert_to_tensor(start, dtype=dtype, name="start")
    step = ops.convert_to_tensor(step, dtype=dtype, name="step")
    return dataset_ops.Dataset.from_tensors(0).repeat(None).apply(
        scan_ops.scan(start, lambda state, _: (state + step, state)))

@tf_export(v1=["data.experimental.Counter"])
def CounterV1(start=0, step=1, dtype=dtypes.int64):
  return dataset_ops.DatasetV1Adapter(CounterV2(start, step, dtype))
CounterV1.__doc__ = CounterV2.__doc__

if tf2.enabled():
  Counter = CounterV2
else:
  Counter = CounterV1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Amelia Clare Cooper1
F, #228561, b. 7 December 1994
Amelia Clare Cooper was born on 7 December 1994.1 She is the daughter of Patrick John Cooper and Belinda Jane Firth.2
[S37] BP2003 volume 1, page 829. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
Edward James Cooper1
M, #228562, b. 8 January 1966
Last Edited=22 Jan 2009
Edward James Cooper was born on 8 January 1966.1 He is the son of James Patrick Ashley Cooper and Felicity Anne Yorke.2 He married Sarah Elizabeth Evans, daughter of Brian Evans and Betty (?), in October 1999.3
Children of Edward James Cooper and Sarah Elizabeth Evans
Eve Cordelia Cooper3 b. 14 Mar 2003
Charles William Ashley Cooper3 b. 4 Mar 2005
Frederick James Ashley Cooper3 b. 25 May 2007
[S3512] Katie Foot, "re: Cooper Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 18 January 2009. Hereinafter cited as "re: Cooper Family."
Katharine Mary Cooper1
F, #228563, b. 10 June 1956
Last Edited=4 Apr 2007
Katharine Mary Cooper was born on 10 June 1956.1 She is the daughter of James Patrick Ashley Cooper and Felicity Anne Yorke.2 She married Dr. Peter Foot in 1991.1
From 1991, her married name became Foot.
Child of Katharine Mary Cooper and Dr. Peter Foot
Sarah Elizabeth Foot2 b. 1 Aug 1992
Dr. Peter Foot1
Dr. Peter Foot married Katharine Mary Cooper, daughter of James Patrick Ashley Cooper and Felicity Anne Yorke, in 1991.1
Child of Dr. Peter Foot and Katharine Mary Cooper
Sarah Elizabeth Foot1
F, #228565, b. 1 August 1992
Sarah Elizabeth Foot was born on 1 August 1992.1,2 She is the daughter of Dr. Peter Foot and Katharine Mary Cooper.3
[S2655] Katie Foot, "re: Foot Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 5 February 2008. Hereinafter cited as "re: Foot Family."
Felicity Cooper1
F, #228566, b. 17 February 1961
Felicity Cooper was born on 17 February 1961.1 She is the daughter of James Patrick Ashley Cooper and Felicity Anne Yorke.2 She married Ian Gorton in 1997.1
From 1997, her married name became Gorton.
Child of Felicity Cooper and Ian Gorton
Alexander George Gorton3 b. 6 Mar 2002
Ian Gorton1
Ian Gorton married Felicity Cooper, daughter of James Patrick Ashley Cooper and Felicity Anne Yorke, in 1997.1
Child of Ian Gorton and Felicity Cooper
Nicholas Darcy1
Nicholas Darcy is the son of Sir Arthur Darcy and Mary Carew.1
Sir Robert Tyrwhitt1
Sir Robert Tyrwhitt lived at Leighton Bromswold, Huntingdonshire, EnglandG.1
Child of Sir Robert Tyrwhitt
Katherine Tyrwhitt1 d. 1567
[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, page 309. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
Hon. Sylvia Benita Frances Hotham1
F, #228570, d. circa 14 January 1991
Sylvia, Baroness Clitheroe 2
Hon. Sylvia Benita Frances Hotham was the daughter of Frederick William Hotham, 6th Baron Hotham of South Dalton and Eliza Benita Sanders.3 She married Ralph Assheton, 1st Baron Clitheroe, son of Sir Ralph Cockayne Assheton, 1st Bt. and Mildred Estelle Sybella Master, on 24 January 1924.1 She died circa 14 January 1991.1,4
She was appointed Fellow, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (F.R.I.C.S.)1 From 24 January 1924, her married name became Assheton. After her marriage, Hon. Sylvia Benita Frances Hotham was styled as Baroness Clitheroe on 20 June 1955.
Children of Hon. Sylvia Benita Frances Hotham and Ralph Assheton, 1st Baron Clitheroe
Anne Assheton3 b. 22 Dec 1924, d. 22 Dec 1924
Hon. Bridget Assheton+3 b. 20 Aug 1926, d. 22 May 2004
Ralph John Assheton, 2nd Baron Clitheroe+3 b. 3 Nov 1929
Hon. Nicholas Assheton+3 b. 23 May 1934, d. 27 Nov 2012
[S300] Michael Rhodes, "re: Ernest Fawbert Collection," e-mail message to Darryl Roger Lundy, 8 February. Hereinafter cited as "re: Ernest Fawbert Collection."
[S466] Notices, The Telegraph, London, UK, 15 January 1991. Hereinafter cited as The Telegraph.


text:
\section{

\section{Introduction}
     \label{intro}
In both solar and stellar flares, the near-UV and optical (white-light) continuum emission is an
energetically important but unexplained phenomenon.  On the Sun, the white-light
continuum appears in small regions of transient emission that are spatially and temporally
coincident with hard X-ray bursts \citep{Rust1975,Hudson1992,NeidigKane1993,Fletcher2007}.  This relation suggests that the origin of
the white light is related to the energy deposited in the lower atmosphere by nonthermal electrons
accelerated during flares.  Broad wavelength coverage spectral
observations are sparse and date back to several large solar flares from the
1970s and 1980s \citep{Machado1974, Hiei1982, Neidig1983,
  DonatiFalchi1984}.  These
spectra are consistent with continua
arising primarily from the hydrogen Balmer continuum and H$^{-}$ emission.

Whereas the largest solar flares emit $< 10^{32}$ ergs in the white-light
continuum and last not much longer than ten minutes
\citep[e.g.,][]{Neidig1994}, the white-light emission on active lower-mass M dwarfs can reach
$> 10^{34}$ ergs and persist for hours \citep[hereafter K10a]{HawleyPettersen1991,
Kowalski2010a}.  More is
known about the spectral shape of the white light during M dwarf
flares (many spectrographs can easily obtain
low-resolution, broad wavelength spectra of stellar flares, but it is difficult to place a spectrograph slit over solar
white-light kernels, which are intermittent and largely unpredictable), which have been studied using broadband
colors \citep{Hawley2003, Zhilyaev2007} and optical/NUV
spectra \citep[K10a]{HawleyPettersen1991, Eason1992, GarciaAlvarez2002,
  Fuhrmeister2008}.
In contrast to solar observations, the spectral
shape during M dwarf flares suggests a hot blackbody with
temperatures
between $\approx8500 - 11\,000$ K.  Areal coverages of this component are
typically $ < 0.1$\% of the visible stellar hemisphere, which implies
a compact geometry like those observed in white light at the
footpoints of flare arcades on the Sun.  Although this
blackbody component seems to be nearly ubiquitous during (large)
stellar flares, it is not predicted even by the most recent 1D radiative
hydrodynamic (RHD) flare models \citep{Allred2006} produced with the
RADYN code \citep{Carlsson1994,Carlsson1995,Carlsson1997}.

The ``megaflare'' of UT 16 January 2009 on the dM4.5e star YZ CMi is one of the longest
lasting and most energetic flares observed on a low-mass single star.
Low-resolution spectra (3350\,--\,9260\AA)
were obtained in the
flare's decay phase, which was elevated between 15 and 37 times the quiescent
level and contained many secondary peaks.  More than 160 spectra were
obtained over 1.3 hours, and simultaneous U-band photometric observations of the entire
flare event were provided by the NMSU 1m telescope.  A detailed
description of the observations and data reduction is given in K10a.

In K10a, two continuum components
were necessary to fit the blue
(3350\,--\,5500\AA) spectra: a hydrogen Balmer
continuum (BaC) component as predicted by the RHD models of
\cite{Allred2006} and a $T\approx10\,000$ K blackbody component.
An intriguing anti-correlation was found between the
temporal evolution
of these two
components: the blackbody emission increased when the BaC decreased,
and \emph{vice versa} (see Figure 1d of K10a).  In this article, we revisit
this anti-correlation and provide an explanation for it using the
phenomenological models of the secondary flare spectra from
\citet[hereafter K10b]{Kowalski2010b}.  Finally, we show how each component of this flare
might appear in the context of a solar flare ``arcade''.

\section{Anti-Correlated Continuum Components and Continuum Veiling}
     \label{anticor}
The anti-correlation between the blackbody and BaC components (K10a) can be understood qualitatively using Figure
\ref{F-riseseq}, where we show the spectral
evolution of the total ``flare-only'' flux (denoted here as $F_{\lambda}^{\prime}$) during the rise phase of the secondary flare at $t \approx 130$
minutes.  The spectra
are color-coded to the nearest (in time) U-band measurement in the inset
panel.  At times prior to and near the beginning of the secondary
flare (black, purple, and dark blue spectra), two distinct continuum
components are clearly present in the spectra.  The best-fit blackbody
(short-dashed line) accounts for most
continuum emission at $\lambda > 4000$\AA, whereas the BaC emission above
the blackbody is conspicuous at $\lambda < 3750$\AA.  During the rise
and at the peak of the secondary flare (green, yellow, and red
spectra), the BaC component seemingly disappears
and the best-fit blackbody (long-dashed line) can fit the continuum
shape throughout
 the entire wavelength range.  K10a
showed that the H$\gamma$\ line flux exhibits an anti-correlated
relation with the blackbody component.  This effect is also present in Figure
\ref{F-riseseq}:   In the red (secondary flare peak) spectrum, the continuum at $\lambda \approx
4200$\AA\ is highest, yet the peaks of the hydrogen Balmer lines are
lowest.

The secondary flares at $t \approx 95$\ minutes and $t \approx 130$\ minutes are
events during which the blackbody flux becomes stronger while the
BaC flux becomes weaker.  K10a quantified this as an increasing
filling factor
(areal coverage; percent of stellar disk) of the blackbody (with constant temperature,
$T = 10\,000$ K) during the rise phase of each secondary flare.  In Figure \ref{F-riseseq}, we
present an alternative interpretation.  The blackbody
curves (dashed lines) were fit to
the spectra by allowing both the temperature and filling factor to vary.
The best-fit blackbody temperatures and filling factors
are $T\approx 10\,400$ K and $X_{\mathrm{BB}} \approx 0.1$\%
(at $t = 122.9$ minutes; short-dashed line) and $T \approx 13\,000$ K and $X_{\mathrm{BB}} \approx
0.1$\% (at $t = 130$ minutes; long-dashed line).  Strikingly, if both
parameters are allowed to vary when fitting a blackbody function to these
\emph{total} flare spectra, the temperature increases by $\approx2500$ K while the filling
factor remains approximately constant.  Fitting a blackbody to the \emph{total} flare
spectrum (either by holding $T$ constant, or by allowing $X$ and $T$ to
vary) gives
only the \emph{average} properties of the entire flaring region at that
time.  We next show that these interpretations can be improved by isolating
the
newly-formed flare emission.

K10b found that the isolated flare emission (denoted here as $F_{\lambda}^{\prime\prime}$) during the
secondary flare's rise phase resembles the spectrum of a hot star, with the
defining features being the
hydrogen Balmer continuum and lines in \emph{absorption} and a steeply
rising continuum towards the blue at $\lambda > 4000$\AA\ (Figure 1b of
K10b shows that the new flare emission, obtained by subtracting the
pre-secondary flare spectrum (average of three black and purple spectra around $t =
123.4$ minutes) from the average of two green-colored spectra around $t =
126.5$ minutes
in Figure \ref{F-riseseq} of this article, is very similar to the
spectrum of the A0 star
Vega).  The
observed anti-correlation between the continuum components in Figure
\ref{F-riseseq} is a result of a `hot star spectrum'
forming during the secondary flare. The hot star  (``blackbody-like'') spectrum causes an increase in the continuum at $\lambda \approx
4200$\AA\ by an amount, $F_{4200}^{\prime\prime}$, whereas an increase in the continuum at $\lambda \approx 3500$\AA\
occurs by only $\approx0.6 \times F_{4200}^{\prime\prime}$.  In other words, the flux in the continuum
on both sides of the Balmer jump increases, but
the continuum at $\lambda \approx 4200$\AA\ increases by a larger
amount.   Thus, the apparent decrease in the total amount of BaC
in emission from $t = 123$ minutes to $130$ minutes occurs as a result
of `continuum veiling' (similar to the continuum
  veiling observed for
 accreting T Tauri stars -- see, \emph{e.g.},
 \cite{Hartigan1989,Hessman1997,Herczeg2008}).

 \begin{figure}[!ht]
 \centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth,angle=90]{CANFEST_riseseq.ps}}
 \caption{A series of 16 flare spectra obtained prior to the onset and through
   the peak of a secondary flare.  The quiescent spectrum from 24
   November 2008 has been subtracted, as in K10a.  The U-band light curve (inset) is
   color-coded to the spectrum obtained closest in time.   The
   best-fit blackbody curves to the black- and red-colored spectra
   are shown as the short-dashed ($T\approx 10\,400$ K) and long-dashed lines
   ($T\approx 13\,000$ K), respectively.
 }
\label{F-riseseq}
 \end{figure}

\section{Combining Continuum Components using Phenomenological Hot
  Spot Models}
     \label{phenom addition}

In K10b, the $F_{\lambda}^{\prime\prime}$ emission was modelled phenomenologically with
the static radiative transfer code, RH \citep{Uitenbroek2001}, as a
temperature bump (``hot spot'') with peak temperature $T = 20\,000$ K, placed near the
photosphere (below the temperature minimum) of the quiescent M dwarf atmosphere.  Here, we use a sum of individual hot spots and the
RHD model spectrum (hereafter RHDF11) of \cite{Allred2006} to model
the \emph{total} flare emission ($F_{\lambda}^{\prime}$) at two times
during the megaflare on YZ CMi.  Figure \ref{F-sq_add} shows
flare spectra from Figure \ref{F-riseseq} averaged around
$t = 123.4$ minutes ($F0^{\prime}$; grey) and at $t = 126.5$ minutes
($F1^{\prime}$; black).  These are the spectra
corresponding to times immediately before and nearly
half-way up the rise phase of the secondary flare, respectively (\emph{i.e.},
the
same two spectra presented in Figure 1a of K10b but with the quiescent level subtracted).

 \begin{figure}[!ht]
 \centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth,angle=90]{sq_add.ps}}
 \caption{Flare spectra at $t = 123.4$ minutes and $126.5$ minutes from Figure \ref{F-riseseq} are shown in grey and black, respectively.
   The composite model spectra are shown in blue, short dashes ($F_{\lambda,\mathrm{RHDF11}}
   \times X_{\mathrm{RHDF11}} + F_{\lambda,\mathrm{HS1}} \times
   X_{\mathrm{HS1}}$) and red, long dashes ($F_{\lambda,\mathrm{RHDF11}}
   \times X_{\mathrm{RHDF11}} + F_{\lambda,\mathrm{HS1}} \times X_{\mathrm{HS1}} +
   F_{\lambda,\mathrm{HS2}} \times X_{\mathrm{HS2}}$).  The
   RHDF11 spectrum is shown as the thin black line. The continuum veiling
   effect is apparent from the different heights of the Balmer
   discontinuity at $\lambda = 3646$\AA. }
\label{F-sq_add}
 \end{figure}

To model $F0^{\prime}$, we add the RHDF11 spectrum and a
hot spot (HS1) with $T_{\mathrm{max}} = 12\,000$ K (keeping the other parameters
the same as described in
K10b) with a ratio of filling factors of
$10:1$ and $X_{\mathrm{RHDF11}} = 1.2$\%, as found in K10a.  The total model spectrum is shown as the
light blue (short dashes) curve in Figure \ref{F-sq_add}.   As in K10b, we model the
secondary flare as a hot spot
(HS2) with $T_{\mathrm{max}} = 20\,000$ K.  Adding HS2 to RHDF11 and HS1 gives
the red (long dashes) spectrum in Figure \ref{F-sq_add}.  The areal coverage of HS2 is
0.46 as large as the areal coverage of HS1.  These model spectra
match
the observed continuum levels at all wavelengths in the figure.  Moreover, the
continuum veiling / anti-correlation effect is readily apparent:  the height of the
Balmer jump at $\lambda = 3646$\AA\ decreases from black (no hot spots)
to blue (one hot spot) to red (two hot spots).  The model fluxes are
slightly lower than the observed fluxes at $\lambda < 3750$\AA.
At these wavelengths, there is a forest of metallic lines (\emph{e.g.},
Fe \textsc{i}, Fe \textsc{ii}) that are blended in our low-resolution spectra; our model is satisfactory in matching the
\emph{underlying} level which is likely closer to the actual
level of the BaC.  Note that in K10a, we intentionally used only the BaC from the
RHDF11 spectrum to model the continuum, whereas the RHDF11
predictions for the Paschen continuum and photospheric-backwarming components are
included in the total fluxes in this work.

The origin of the hot spots is unknown, as they are not
predicted by self-consistent radiative hydrodynamic models that employ a solar-type
non-thermal electron heating function \citep{Allred2006}.
In the proposed continuum model, we use the fewest number of components
necessary to fit the overall shape and reproduce the
anti-correlation.  However, HS1 may represent
a sum of individual decaying hot spots from previously heated flare
regions (see below).  We are working to produce a grid of phenomenological models which will be
used to constrain the column mass of the hot spots, the
detailed temperature evolution, and the uniqueness of the continuum
fit.  Radiative hydrodynamic models (with RADYN) of the gradual phase are also
forthcoming and will provide a more accurate representation of the
BaC and photospheric backwarming in the decay phase.

\section{The Solar Analogy}
     \label{cartoonsection}

Figure \ref{F-cartoon} shows how a spatially resolved observation
of the YZ CMi megaflare might have appeared.  We use the
continuum
 components and filling factors to make analogies to several
flare structures and phenomena observed in large solar flare
arcades.  The complex morphology of the U-band light curve leads
us to speculate that the YZ CMi megaflare involved a large arcade, or
 several large arcades of flare loops.  The main features of Figure
 \ref{F-cartoon}
 are the following:

\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{BaC (yellow ribbons)}:  Throughout the spectral observations
  ($72$ minutes $ < t < 149$ minutes), the hydrogen BaC and lines were highly elevated
 and decreasing (likely from the initial flare peaks in the U-band light
 curve), implying that this
 emission had originated from the footpoints of a previously heated
magnetic arcade in the flaring
chromosphere.  These may manifest as a complex of flare ribbons, as is
commonly observed in H$\alpha$ during solar flares
\citep[\emph{e.g.},][]{Rust1975, Berlicki2004, Bala2010}.  In some solar
flares \citep[\emph{e.g.},][]{Neidig1983}, the BaC appears to have a spatial morphology
that is more compact than an extended H$\alpha$ ribbon.
Spectroscopic observations are needed to compare the plasma properties and
conditions of BaC and Balmer line emitting ribbons
and kernels.

\item \textbf{HS1 (purple spots)}:  Immediately prior to the secondary flare beginning at $t \approx
  123$ minutes,
  a series of phenomenological hot
  spots (HS1) are present near the photosphere.  These hot spots were
  formed during the previous secondary flares (\emph{i.e.}, at $t \approx 65$
  minutes, $\approx 95$ minutes; see K10a), and they are emitting from a total source
  size that is $\approx1/10$ as
  large as the area of the
  chromospheric flare region (\emph{e.g.}, H$\alpha$ ribbons).  The spectra
  of these hot spots have the hydrogen BaC and lines in
  absorption.   They might be similar to
  the compact white-light kernels during solar flares, as in
  \cite{Wang2007}, \cite{Fletcher2007}, \cite{Jess2008}, or they may be
  similar to Ellerman-bomb phenomena (see Section \ref{ellerman}).  Also emitting from the photosphere is a
  larger region heated from chromospheric (BaC) backwarming; we assume the size of
  this backwarmed region is the same size as the flaring chromosphere.

\item \textbf{HS2 (white spot)}:  The secondary flare at $t \approx 130$ minutes is the result of the formation
  of a new hot spot (HS2), hotter and smaller than HS1 but at the same
  column mass.
  At this time, we see a
  sudden decline in the BaC flux.  When all of these components are
  unresolved, as in our stellar spectra, continuum veiling
  gives rise to the observed anti-correlation.  We have
  placed HS2 assuming it was triggered by a disturbance induced by the huge
  initial flare peak at $t \approx 28$ minutes.  The time-evolution of the
  H$\gamma$ and BaC fluxes in Figure 1d of K10a indicates an apparent
  lack of
  new hydrogen Balmer line emitting-regions during the secondary
  U-band peaks (we cannot definitively determine
whether there is a newly-formed hydrogen Balmer-emitting
(chromospheric ribbon) component cospatial
with the hotspot because the observations are unresolved).
 Therefore, the
  disturbance likely propagated through the lower atmosphere, below the
  height of hydrogen Balmer line formation (upper chromosphere;
  J. Allred, private communication 2010).
  Using a range of sound speeds
  in the lower atmosphere for the
  speed of the disturbance ($\approx 5-10$
  km s$^{-1}$), we find that HS2 is located at a distance that is
  approximately $30-60$ Mm (R$_{\mbox{YZ CMi}} \approx 200$ Mm) from the site of
  the initial flare event.\footnote{The white-light and hard X-ray footpoints have been observed to propagate along the
  polarity inversion line during large solar flares such as the famous
  14 July 2000 flare (\cite{Fletcher2001, Kosovichev2001, Qiu2010}, but the spatial location
  of these kernels appears to change much faster, $\approx 170-200$ km
  s$^{-1}$.}
\end{itemize}

The composite graphical model is preliminary (see Section \ref{conclusions}) and requires comparison to other
complex flare events on dMe stars but especially to solar flares where we
can spatially resolve each continuum component.  Our group is currently working
to obtain solar flare data that can be used to test the YZ CMi flare
model using DST/ROSA and employing custom continuum filters \citep{Jess2010,Kowalski2011}.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
 \centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{cartoon6eps.eps}}
 \caption{Graphic with continuum components (areas from $t \approx
   126.5$ minutes to scale) as they might
   appear in a spatially resolved observation.  The BaC emitting
   region (yellow) resembles a two-ribbon structure (shown here as
   symmetric for simplicity) in a thin
   layer of the heated mid-to-upper chromosphere of previously reconnected
   magnetic loops.  HS1 is
   shown as a collection of previously formed hot spots (purple) and
   HS2 is the proposed newly-formed continuum emitting region (white).
   The triangle indicates the assumed location of the inital flare peak,
   which generated a disturbance in the lower atmosphere that propagated into
   the surrounding active region and triggered the hot spots.  The black circle
   helps orient the reader to the center of the star, which has a
   radius $0.3 R_{\odot}$. The flare region is
   placed at an arbitrary location on the surface.  Several aspects of
   this cartoon were inspired by observations of solar flare arcades,
   such as \cite{Fletcher2001}.}
\label{F-cartoon}
 \end{figure}

\subsection{Are the Secondary Flares Stellar Ellerman Bombs?}
\label{ellerman}
Ellerman bombs are transient, compact phenomena observed near
evolving or emerging magnetic fields in solar active
regions \citep[and references therein]{Ellerman1917, Severny1968, Georgoulis2002}.  A typical signature of
Ellerman bombs is emission in the wings
and absorption in the core of H$\alpha$ relative to the nearby
plage intensity \citep[\emph{e.g.},][]{Koval1970, Bruzek1972, Fang2006}.  The time-evolution
properties include
mean lifetimes of $\approx10-20$ minutes and fine-structure variations
\citep{Kurokawa1982, Qiu2000}.  In contrast to typical
white-light flares, Ellerman bombs have symmetric light curves with
similar rise and decay times \citep{Payne1993, Qiu2000, Jess2010b}.
The Ellerman-bomb mechanism is not fully understood but has been
attributed
to magnetic reconnection in the low chromosphere \citep[\emph{e.g.},][]{Georgoulis2002}.

The secondary flares during the YZ CMi megaflare
exhibit several similarities to Ellerman-bomb phenomena on the Sun.  Ellerman bombs have also
been modeled phenomenologically as temperature
bumps at or below the solar temperature minimum region
\citep{Fang2006, Berlicki2010}.
The secondary YZ CMi flares have longer rise times ($\approx$ two\,--\,five minutes)
and are much more
symmetric about the peak compared
to other white
light flares with similar total energy on YZ CMi \citep[$\Delta
t_{\mathrm{rise}}\approx 0.5 - 1.8$ minutes; ][]{Moffett1974,vandenoord1996}.
The absorption features of the blackbody-like continuum
component are similar to the line-center absorption observed in
H$\alpha$ and Ca \textsc{ii} during Ellerman bombs; unfortunately, our observations do not have
sufficient spectral resolution to separate line-center and wing profiles.
The preliminary finding (Section \ref{cartoonsection}) that the blackbody-like continuum
component does not contain hydrogen-line emission may be consistent with magnetic reconnection
taking place in the low atmosphere.  However, in contrast to
solar Ellerman bombs, which have been observed as a microflare trigger
\citep{Jess2010b}, the secondary flares are possibly a
\emph{consequence} of the enormous
YZ CMi flare peak event.

\section{Summary and Future Work}
     \label{conclusions}
The time-resolved continuum data obtained during a
megaflare on the dM4.5e star YZ CMi demonstrate the power of
broad-wavelength
coverage, low-resolution spectra, which are unfortunately not
currently available in the optical/near-UV for solar flares.  In this manuscript, we show that the blackbody-like
component (hot star-like emission) of the white-light continuum dominates the spectra during
the secondary flares while the BaC (and Balmer lines) become less
important;
 this observed anti-correlation
is explained as continuum veiling.
We combine the phenomenological models of the blackbody-like component from
K10b and the \cite{Allred2006} RHD model spectrum of the BaC to
reproduce the total flare emission at two times during the flare.  The
filling factors for the decaying BaC($+$backwarming) component, a previously
heated hot-spot component, and a newly heated hot spot component are in the ratio of
$\approx10:1:0.5$.  These areal coverages allow a comparison of each
component to be made with observed solar-flare structures in large eruptive
flare arcades.  Although we generally assume that stellar-flare phenomena are
simply ``scaled-up'' versions of solar-flare
phenomena, one should not exclude the possibility that stellar flares
might have fundamental differences in the white-light
continuum, as the energies and timescales of dMe flares can be
orders
of magnitude larger than solar flares.  New solar-flare observations
are needed to test the existence of the
blackbody-like component and to better understand the properties of the
BaC, which could be fully ``unveiled'' using spatially resolved solar observations.

We provide evidence that the blackbody-like component has several similar properties to solar Ellerman
bombs.  A few solar flares have been known to exhibit the spectral
features \citep{Svestka1963}
 and velocity characteristics \citep{Kosovichev2001} of Ellerman bombs.
Additional intensity-calibrated continuum measurements of Ellerman bombs and
white-light flare kernels on the Sun, such as with DST/ROSA, would
help illuminate the differences between these events and provide a comparison to
stellar spectra of typical white-light flares and megaflare-size events.

Several aspects of the phenomenological models presented in this work
are being improved.  In addition to modeling hydrogen with more
levels and including metallic transitions and molecular species, a
more accurate consideration of charge balance is underway.  The
correct treatment of charge balance in a modified atmosphere is
complicated by non-LTE ionization, but a new version of RH has been
provided by H. Uitenbroek to account for this; the authors are
currently working on a new suite of hot-spot models.

 \begin{acks}
This work was first presented at `The Origin, Evolution,
and Diagnosis of Solar Flare Magnetic Fields and Plasmas:  Honoring
the Contributions of Dick Canfield', a conference that took place from
9\,--\,11 August 2010 at HAO/NCAR in Boulder, CO.  AFK thanks the
organizers
of this conference for generous travel assistance and acknowledges
support from NSF grant AST 0807205.
We gratefully thank H. Uitenbroek for many useful discussions and for our
use of the RH code; P. Heinzel, M. Varady, and D. Jess for illuminating
conversations about
Ellerman bombs; and J. Allred for allowing us to use the detailed
output of his RADYN flare models.
We also acknowledge Google for our use of its SketchUp application.
Based on observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m
Telescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research
Consortium.
 \end{acks}

\bibliographystyle{spr-mp-sola-cnd}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Sabrina is a Coordinator with Focus Search Partners and is based in Dallas, Texas. Prior to joining Focus Search Partners, Sabrina worked in an emergency department in the Dallas area with the intention of seeking a career in the medical field. After spending time in the medical environment, Sabrina wanted to explore another career path. Being intrigued in executive search, Sabrina decided to join Focus Search Partners taking her new role as Coordinator.
Sabrina originates from Ohio and earned a Bachelor of Science in Biology at Bowling Green State University.


All East Carolina University graduates are now considered full members of the university's alumni association, regardless of whether or not they've paid membership dues.
ECU has joined a growing list of public institutions that have moved away from dues-based alumni associations, according to the university. The university's association has more than 175,000 alumni in its network.
"The new model enhances engagement by removing the barriers to participation," said Heath Bowman, associate vice chancellor for alumni relations, in a news release. "Being more inclusive makes us a better resource for alumni and a more helpful partner to the university. We are very excited to reconnect as many Pirates to their alma mater as possible."
Under the new funding model, the assocation will rely on annual philanthropic support, instead of membership dues. Benefits to alumni association members will remain the same.
For more information on the ECU Alumni Association's membership transition, visit the organization's FAQ page.


text:
Waka Ama NCEA
Nearly 80 schools have taken advantage of waka ama unit standards developed by Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, which allow students to turn their passion for waka ama into NCEA credits.
The standards were registered on the NZQA framework earlier this year and enable students to achieve up to 18 NCEA credits through the two unit standards.
Waka Ama manager and Hauora kaiarahi Brendon Morgan says his phone hasn't stopped buzzing since the standards were released.
"As well as learning a tradition that stretches back to the ancestors, they are learning waka ama techniques, water safety skills, financial literacy and project management. Now they can get some academic acknowledgement so we are really happy with that," Brendon says.
"This is the pinnacle of achievement for us, because our business is education and these unit standards lead to higher skills that pathway into tertiary."
Accreditation was a collaborative effort between Te Wānanga o Aotearoa, industry training organisation Skills Active Aotearoa and Waka Ama New Zealand.
But Brendon also thanks one particular school for their help with the kaupapa.
"We couldn't have done it without the support of Ruapehu College. Their students and staff worked closely with us to see this become a reality and they will be the first students to achieve these waka ama credits."
He says when schools were consulted back in 2016, they agreed upon an approach that blended tikanga with sports achievement.
"Waka ama is unique in that respect – Aotearoa and the Pacific is the home of waka ama and our young people aren't just competing, they're exercising our heritage."
He says there are now plans to create a Level 3 provision by 2020.
Waka Ama New Zealand chief executive Lara Collins says building a pathway for learning through waka ama has been a focus for her organisation for some time and it's great to see so many secondary schools and students throughout the country enjoying the sport.
"It is very positive and we look forward to more schools taking part."
Article By:


Stochastic Models, Statistics and Their Application, Guest editors: Adam Krzyzak and Ansgar Steland. Special Issue, Journal of Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, Vol. 34, Issue 5, pp. 583-755, 15 Oct 2018.
Steland A, Rafajlowicz E. and Szajowski K. (2015). Stochastic Models, Statistics and Their Applications, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 122, 54 papers, 490 pages. [indexed in Web of Science].


text:
Gorski izwor – wieś w Bułgarii, w obwodzie Chaskowo
 Gorski izwor – wieś w Bułgarii, w obwodzie Kyrdżali

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Next Industrial Revolution Should Happen In America
The 'Industrial Internet' is poised to overhaul the way companies manufacture goods, in turn changing our everyday interactions with products.
Imagine yourself five years from now, sitting around a picnic table with a group of friends. One of them just landed a coveted manufacturing gig right after getting her master's degree, and is now pulling in $200,000 a year. Another is complaining that the new $8,000 Ford Fusion he custom-designed online wasn't delivered within the promised three-day window. He was stuck taking the driverless bus around town.
Brave new world? Not really.
Whether those products are made in China or Chicago depends on how quickly U.S. manufacturers embrace the industrial Internet and the startup innovations behind it. The U.S. is on the brink of a new golden age of manufacturing — if we realize the potential in our backyard, and act quickly to build on it.
The next industrial revolution wants to be homegrown. Will the U.S. manufacturing industry take advantage?
Embracing Possibility
After years of considering 'cloud' a dirty word, manufacturers are putting aside their doubts and setting up the decentralized production systems that define the nextera of industry.
Many companies now see Industrial Internet technologies as the key differentiator in coming years. While only one percent of the world's devices are connected today,Gartner estimates that by 2020, 25 billion 'things' will be connected, with the biggest adopters in utilities, manufacturing and government.
Tomorrow's automated factories will make lean manufacturing and just-in-time inventory an everyday practice. The manufacturing process will be so flexible that factories will be able to deliver higher-quality and cheaper products than ever before.
Cloud and data-driven applications will power automated, machine-to-machine workforces. Skilled human operators will coordinate production and workflows, optimizing machine and materials utilization as business needs change. Real-time quality assessments on the production line will eliminate end-of-line rejects and all the wasted material that goes with them.
Customization will become cheaper and faster than ever before due to extreme flexibility built into product and process design. Specialized additive manufacturing technology, such as the metal 3D printing platforms of MatterFab, have the potential to drive this hyper-flexibility in heavy manufacturing environments.
It will become normal for consumers and businesses to design online the products they need, and have them delivered by times previously unheard of. Manufacturing will transition into the most efficient, personalized mass production model we've ever seen.
While it's clear what the industrial Internet can do, implementing it on a massive scale will take time. The advanced technology that powers smart machines is just beginning to hit the sector. Cheap data storage and predictive analytics aren't enough. They must be combined with machine learning to create an intelligent factory that diagnoses and fixes most of its own problems.
The software and hardware enabling such a factory is still at the bleeding edge of innovation. A number of domestic startups, particularly in manufacturing's Midwestern backyard, are creating tools that will become cogs in the new industrialInternet.
Manufacturers are motivated to implement these new innovations into their production ecosystems. Today's innovations are tomorrow's competitive advantage. The incremental costs of installing sensors and software in large manufactured products are less than 1 percent of the total cost — and the efficiency savings are disproportionately large.
A smart locomotive by GE, for example, still looks like the diesel locomotive we're used to, but with unprecedented intelligence. The locomotive optimizes fuel burn, predicts pending maintenance issues, schedules itself to avoid congestion while in transit and reduces idle time at the rail yard. Even a 1 MPH increase from such an intelligent system could reduce rail costs by $200 million.
Some companies are targeting this 'small efficiency gain = huge bottom line savings.'Falkonry, a 'Condition as a Service' company, provides a quick, easy and cost-effective method for adding pre-packaged machine learning for condition identification and prediction to IoT applications.
When companies are searching for fast answers to their industrial pain points, and lack the data science expertise to 'launch and learn' in-house, the quick integration and analysis capability of Falkonry is an interesting alternative to more conventional heavy enterprise-level offerings.
Paving The Road To New Industry
Despite its transformative potential, this latest industrial revolution is more silent than flashy. Manufacturers must initially enhance and then supplant legacy systems with intelligent, cloud-based ones — opening a Pandora's box of security and interoperability challenges.
How do you lock down the multitude of unsecured sensor data and programmable logic controllers that comes with machine-to-machine communication? How do you integrate a brand-new factory-floor intelligence system with the legacy on-premise systems?
The industry and its ecosystem are still working on answering those questions. Fast-tracking the implementation of new standards, building consultancies around the new implementation problems and upping the level of cross-organizational collaboration around a common cause will help. The sooner it happens, the better.
Sight Machine, based in Michigan and San Francisco, is addressing the interoperability issue directly with its end-to-end manufacturing analytics platform. Their solution is the most elegant architecture we've seen thus far, which has allowed the company to take positions in several manufacturing verticals.
Sight Machine's cloud-based platform has the ability to acquire, clean, manage and analyze the disparate, unstructured outputs from sensors, cameras, programmable logic controllers and legacy software systems. The predictive analytics engine provides manufacturing management real-time Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) drilldowns that identify previously hidden quality/throughput issues (full disclosure: Sight Machine is a portfolio company of Mercury Fund).
Where is the world's next manufacturing powerhouse?
U.S. manufacturers are already embracing innovation — often by way of working with receptive startups — and taking advantage of existing industrial infrastructure at home by reshoring operations. This adds job openings for skilled local labor. New highly paid manufacturing jobs, in turn, will lead to gains in U.S. economic activity.
Eventually, the imbalance between services and production in the economy will right itself again, and consumers will enjoy cheaper, more customized products actually made in the U.S.A., such as custom-built connected cars and homes that conserve energy based on weather.
Right now, the U.S. is positioned in the middle of the industrial revolution, and it's in our best interest to stay there. Are we committed enough to making the nextindustrial revolution happen at home?
Only time will tell.
The Impact about Mobile Devices regarding Cyber Security…
Regional plans for Singapore family's pharma business
What's It Like At The Most Challenging Startup…
OCBC Bank To Pilot New Fintech Solutions With Its…
The Quintessential Guide to Best Internet Site Builder for…
English Homework Help Internet: Be Communicative!
BusinessEnterpreneurshipNewsTechnology


text:
Q: Append new column to spark DF based on logic Need to add a new column to below DF based on other columns. Here is the DF schema
scala> a.printSchema()
root
 |-- ID: decimal(22,0) (nullable = true)
 |-- NAME: string (nullable = true)
 |-- AMOUNT: double (nullable = true)
 |-- CODE: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- NAME1: string (nullable = true)
 |-- code1: array (nullable = true)
 |    |-- element: integer (containsNull = true)
 |-- revised_code string (nullable = true)

now i want to add a column say flag as per below conditions
 1=> if code == revised_code, than flag is P
 2 => if code != revised code than I
 3=> if both code and revised_code is null than no flag.

this is the udf that i am trying, but its giving I for both case 1 and 3.
 def tagsUdf =
    udf((code: String, revised_code: String) =>
      if (code == null  && revised_code == null ) ""
      else if (code == revised_code) "P" else "I")

tagsUdf(col("CODE"), col("revised_code"))

Can anyone please point out as what mistake am I doing
I/P DF
+-------------+-------+------------+
|NAME         |   CODE|revised_code|
+-------------+-------+------------+
|       amz   |   null|       null|
|   Watch     |   null|       5812|
|   Watch     |   null|       5812|
|   Watch     |   5812|       5812|
|       amz   |   null|       null|
|   amz       | 9999  |       4352|
+-------------+-------+-----------+
Schema:
root
 |-- MERCHANT_NAME: string (nullable = true)
 |-- CODE: integer (nullable = true)
 |-- revised_mcc: string (nullable = true)

O/P DF
+-------------+-------+-----------------+
|NAME         |   CODE|revised_code|flag|
+-------------+-------+-----------------+
|   amz       |   null|       null| null|
|   Watch     |   null|       5812|  I  |
|   Watch     |   null|       5812|  I  |
|   Watch     |   5812|       5812|  P  |
|   amz       |   null|       null| null|
|amz          | 9999  |       4352|  I  |
+-------------+-------+-----------------+

A: You don't need a udf function for that. A simple nested when inbuilt function should do the trick.
import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
df.withColumn("CODE", col("CODE").cast("string"))
  .withColumn("flag", when(((isnull(col("CODE")) || col("CODE") === "null") && (isnull(col("revised_code")) || col("revised_code") === "null")), "").otherwise(when(col("CODE") === col("revised_code"), "P").otherwise("I")))
  .show(false)

Here, CODE column is casted to stringType before logic applying using when so that both CODE and revised_code match in datatype when comparing.
Note: CODE column is an IntegerType and it cannot be null in any case.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Sandra was excited to be setting up her beauty salon. She had worked as a beauty therapist for a number of years, and there was already quite a bit of interest in her new business. She had also managed to find the perfect place to set up her salon. Now, she needed to review the lease documents the landlord had provided her with. Not so exciting!
Rent Reviews: Are the rent reviews to "market rent" or "CPI" (Consumer Price Index)? Market rent is assessed by a valuer generally whereas CPI is based on the increase in the value of products and services over time based on the Reserve Bank's calculator (a set percentage).
Ratchet clauses: Is it possible for the rent to decrease on review? "Ratchet clauses" are clauses that prevent this from occurring. The standard form lease provides that rent from the review date (for a market rent review) shall not be less than the rent payable as at the commencement date of the current lease term. It is important to ensure that you will not be tied to rent above the market value due to such a clause.
Term and rights of renewal: What is the term of the lease, and are there any rights of renewal? It is difficult to terminate a lease before the expiry of a term, so you should think carefully about the length of the term that you are committing to. Sometimes tenants will have a short initial term while they try to get their business on foot, with longer terms for the following terms (if they renew the lease).
Reinstatement: To what extent are you required to reinstate (ie return) the property to its original condition when you leave? The standard lease requires you to remove at the end of the lease any alterations you've made to the premises. This may involve substantial cost, particularly if you have renovated the property. If you envisage making alterations, make sure that you have the lease amended to take this into account. It is also a good idea to take photos of the premises before you move in and include them in the "Premises Condition Report" within the lease so you have those for comparison purposes, to show what the original condition of the premises was at the time of signing the lease.
Outgoings: What outgoings are you required to pay? Outgoings are the costs in relation to a property that a tenant is required to pay over and above the rent. The standard form lease makes tenants liable for a reasonably broad range of outgoings, including the provision of toilets and rubbish/recycling charges. You should think about the likely costs you will incur before agreeing to take responsibility for these outgoings. You should also look at how regularly these are to be paid, and whether these are to be paid directly or to the landlord.
Guarantee: Are you required to guarantee the lease? If you are taking the lease in the name of a company or other entity then generally landlords will want individuals (generally directors in the case of a company) to be personal guarantors for the lease. The individuals will be liable to pay rent and perform the terms of the lease if the tenant company fails to do so.
"No Access" period: How long should it be before you can terminate the lease if you are unable to gain access to the premises (and they are not destroyed or damaged)? "No access periods" were inserted into the standard form lease after the Christchurch earthquake (eg the red zone). During this period your business interruption insurance (if any) will also be relevant.
Signage: Does the landlord consent to your signage? Signage is an important part of your business, but the standard form lease requires you to seek the landlord's written approval before affixing signage to the building exterior.
Works prior to signing: You should consider inserting in the lease a provision to require the landlord to repair any leaks or other issues with the premises before the date you commence the lease, particularly if the building may be a 'leaky building'.
Fit out: Who is paying for the "fit out" of the premises (ie in Sandra's case putting in a counter, shelving, reception area etc)? Sometimes landlords will contribute to this, especially if it is seen to increase the value of the premises for future tenants. You need to be careful to consider who owns the fit out at the end of the lease and make sure that it is documented.
Insurance requirements: Are you required by the landlord to have any particular insurance in place? Sometimes landlords require tenants to have a certain level of public liability insurance, for example.
Rights to assign: Can you assign the lease to another party? This will be especially important if you ever sell your business in the future or move premises. The standard form lease allows for assigning or subletting the premises with the landlord's consent, but you should make sure this provision has not been removed.
It is important to take legal advice before signing a commercial lease. If you are currently considering entering into a commercial lease, give Claire Tyler a call on (04) 473 6850 before you commit yourself.


New Site Gives Up Civil War Goodies and an AWESOME Bucket Lister!!
Thread: New Site Gives Up Civil War Goodies and an AWESOME Bucket Lister!!
I got out with my hunting buddy Craig for a while on Sunday to a new site that we recently found. It's near one of our big Civil War camps, so we figured that there would be a few relics there. We were right! On our first trip to the site last week, I ended up with three Civil War Minie Balls and my first ever Barber Quarter!! That was a bucket list item for me since I had only ever found silver Washington quarters up until then. We decided to go back there on Sunday and it ended up being one of the best hunts for coins that I've ever been on! Less than 5 minutes into the hunt and I get a MINT 1865 Indian Head in my second hole! We know soldiers were camped there in 1865, so I'm betting it was dropped by one of them. A few minutes later I get a really nice General Service Eagle Button! It's been probably 2 years since I've found a nice complete eagle button. Shortly after digging the button, it starts pouring down rain. We hadn't been there long, so we decided to wait out the storm in the car. 45 minutes later, we were back at it. I dig an 1891 V Nickel right off the bat, and then it started storming again. We decided to just call it quits for the day and went to get some food. While we were eating, the rain stopped and the sun came out. Normally we would have just gone straight back home, but this time we both agreed that we wanted to give it a couple more hours since the storms had passed. I'm glad we did! We get back to the site and literally my FIRST hole was a very tiny half dime sized silver coin that turned out to be a William III Netherland 10 Cent coin! That was definitely a surprise find. About 20 minutes later I get a very deep 90 signal on the AT Max. I dig down, find the target with my pinpointer and scoop out a handful of dirt. When I looked down in the hole, I could see a quarter sized silver coin in the bottom. I get it out of the hole and could see that it was something different. After popping the dirt off one side and what I saw made my heart skip a beat... I saw a beautiful seated Lady Liberty!!! I cleaned it off to reveal an awesome 1877 Seated Liberty Quarter!! This was one of the coins near the top of my bucket list and it took me nearly 23 years to find it! It is in really great condition too! Interestingly, I found the 1934 Buffalo Nickel only about a foot away. Anyway, by this time, it was starting to get late and we had to get back home. I didn't get a lot of Civil War relics, but it was still one heck of a hunt! I can't believe I got to scratch off two coins from my bucket list in two hunts to the same site. We'll definitely be going back to that site very soon! Sorry for the long post. Thanks for looking and HH!
worldtalker, xr7ator, digger460 and 41 others like this.
If you search long enough, you'll find what you're looking for.
PinFire, Inspector and Davers like this.
Great hunt indeed !! Congrats !! Get back there soon !!
PinFire and Inspector like this.
Those are beautiful coins! Congratulations on a great new site. I see more great finds in your future.
PinFire and Davers like this.
Beautiful relics and coins! Always nice to dig a variety of beautiful goodies!
Congrats on your first Barber Quarter, Seated Quarter, and all of the nice relics and other coins also.
Congrats on the excellent quarters there and what I nice IHP! I swing the Atmax as well!
I'd say that's a pretty darn good hunt!
Seated quarters are hard to come by. That 1849 silver is pretty cool to.
nice job on all those sweet digs!
By Tpmetal in forum Today's Finds!
By crabstang44 in forum Today's Finds!
By TheGreatNorth in forum Today's Finds!
By DownNDirty in forum Today's Finds!


Penny grabs some leftovers, but she is not happy with them. She complains about every bite.
After dinner, and before homework, Tara and Penny relax for a few minutes.
Influence works for a change.
Tara is working on identifying the unidentified. She looks deformed.
Having worked through the night, Tara takes the day off from work so she can finish the identification and then get some sleep. They will be heading back to Granite Falls over the weekend to meet the hermit, so for now she needs to be fresh for work.
Penny brings home a B and needs more skills before she can get an A.
They hang out in her bedroom while she eats peas for dinner. It wouldn't make sense to sit at the dining table to eat.
Tara adds a chess table and calls Penny to come play a few games to build her mental skill. Maybe she can get level 4 in something before it is too late.
Nolan is a very good ISBI spouse – he cleans, he repairs. But he only cooks single meals, not group meals.
Tara makes it to the split where she chooses between Management and Investment – and she chooses Investments, not because I remembered, but because I wrote it down.
Penny is back to her mess making ways. This time Tara catches her and scolds her, then makes her clean it up, then influences her to do her homework, then sends her to bed. Yep, all that and I took just one picture.
Hmm, well now at least Dashawn won't be sent to a foster family, but he will be raised by his step-father once Juliana dies. I guess that is good.
More messes – Penny is creative and when she isn't making messes she gets tense because she isn't being creative. But she won't use the art table on her own.
Right after Tara arrives in Granite Falls to try to find the hermit, she receives news that Juliana has died.
She can't get through the secret passage though – two failures – so she takes a break and makes some food.
Finally, she is able to make it through – three times the charm.
Unfortunately, there isn't a hermit to find. While she is waiting – 24 hours – it thunderstorms the entire time. She is unlucky in getting struck by lightning, but lucky in not dying.
Then, there was that mud puddle.
Then she got struck by lightning a second time. So thankful the dazed moodlet from the first time had worn off.
Because roasting marshmallows in a thunderstorm is THE thing to do after you have been struck by lightning, or anytime really.
That was a waste of a trip.
Heading back the next day, it is a new season with different weather and there is a new hermit.
Then she collects her insects, and back home she goes. Now she needs to max herbalism and sleep in a tent to finish her aspiration. We won't talk about the house yet.
Nolan keeps stealing Penny's bed, so Tara will wake him up and then put Penny to bed.
Penny finally reaches level 4 mental – so she will get an A in elementary school after all.
And just like that, she has her A.
Tara uses up some of her ingredients and needs to head back to Granite Falls so she can continue level herbalism.
She collects and then she grills.
Once the fire is out, she takes her pot and finds another grill to continue grilling. She grills until she is out of ingredients again.
Now she is too tired and uncomfortable to go anything else.
And it is time to go home because it is Harvestfest, so she will have to come back again. She is still level 8.
Tara reaches her birthday and has a quick celebration and then slips out to the tent to sleep – 4/5 done. One more night in the tent and 8/10 herbalism to finish the aspiration.
Tara takes everyone back to Granite Falls for the weekend.
Really boring and now the plants aren't blooming because they are out of season. She is going to have to buy the books for the last freaking level.
Tara reads, but skilling by reading takes so much time. The problem we discovered is the books don't work for level 10.
Penny is still making messes.
Tara tries to stop her and redirect her into productive activities.
But, whatever. I give up.
I realized that when she harvested more plants, the ones in her inventory reset to unidentified, which made it where she couldn't make any more remedies. So once she re-identified the plants, she was able to make more remedies. This got her to almost level 10 before she really ran out of ingredients.
Now they are back in Granite Falls, and it is winter.
But – the aspiration has been completed.
Now they get to go home and finish the house! And it is Rebate Day!!
Penny's last act as a child is to clean up one of her messes.
Then she heads in to blow out her candles.
She picks up the jealous trait to go with creative. Her aspiration is angling ace.
Tara takes Penny fishing in order to get her to level 3 so that she could get an A in school. Since it is winter at home, they had to go into Sylvan Glade to find some place that isn't frozen.
Winterfest comes – Tara cooks.
Nolan wanders the neighborhood and plays the guitar for awhile.
After Winterfest is over and the house is done so they are just waiting out the time until Penny becomes a young adult. Tara is working on her skills for her next promotion.
Penny comes home with an A which is probably the last thing she will complete before her birthday, since she is uncontrollable.
Nolan is still wandering around the neighborhood although he surprises me by finding his way home periodically.
A random fire starts around the fire pit when no one is using it. And then no one can put it out. Thankfully it burns itself out and only burns up the chair. Very strange.
New Year's Eve is successfully, surprisingly.
Despite being sent to bed several times, Tara keeps getting up until she finally passes out.
With a week to kill while we wait for Penny to become a young adult, Tara piddles with the angling ace aspiration and also with the skills for her career. She picks up Great Kisser and maxes out charisma. She still needs to max out logic for that last promotion to level 10 in her career. She has caught 20 types of fish and just needs to max out fishing to complete the aspiration. She needs to do all of this in four days.
Tara does finally max out logic but it is too late for her career.
It is Penny's birthday and she is trying to max out fishing before the bubbles begin – maybe she can finish one last aspiration before it is time for birthday cake.
Literally moments before the end of the challenge for this house, Penny catches herself on fire.
Tara has to stop fishing at 99% to come and extinguish the fire so that Penny doesn't die and cause a house failure at the last minute.
Penny is left to try to survive on her own for another hour.
Tara heads out to make one more cast to go from 99% to 100%, which maxes fishing and completes angling ace. While this wasn't required, she was too close to let it go uncompleted.
Now, it is time for Penny blow out the candles to move out.
The final house value is §40,306 – it was §44,000 but I am not sure what happened to the missing §4,000 in the last few days.


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
	<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/base.xml"/>
	<logger name="org.lrs.kmodernlrs" level="WARN" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="FILE"/>
	</logger>
	<logger name="org.lrs.kmodernlrs" level="WARN" additivity="false">
		<appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
	</logger>
</configuration>


Pleasant to this fact wonderful web site, Today that you are looking at Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz blog post. You can see any Allergy Medicine items this perhaps you desire inside at this point. Everyone complete publish a lot of items that's an excellent level of quality, which Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz is mostly a product that any of us endorse to suit your needs. You'll want to examine this site properly to find certain vital information on Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz before you decide to get the idea.
Temporarily relieves sneezing, itching of the nose or throat, runny nose and itchy, watery eyes due to hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies.
The product account above are usually factor before you get Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz. Next if you are engaged to invest in Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz that construction with Equate type, you can push Acquire Button less than. That Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz that's merchandise code: B00OD3OHKE.
Not really not having factor people propose Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz back to you, it is all of due to the fact Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz can be described as product who has so great excellent by means of trusted Equate type. Moreover that Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz article, this web also can provide other posts for you, and find it utilizing the research proverbial box this set on top of this document. I highly recommend you click the ACQUIRE BUTTON below if you want to buy this particular Equate Sugar Free Children's Grape Flavor Allergy Relief Liquid, 4 fl oz item.


text:
131 Results for:
The January 9 Elections and Beyond: The Road Ahead for Israelis, Palestinians, and the U.S. in 2005
Council on Foreign RelationsNew York, N.Y. STEVEN COOK: I'd like to welcome you all here this evening to the Council on Foreign Relations for a meeting with a good friend and colleague, David Mak…
Siegman: U.S., Israel and EU Must Deal With Hamas If it Drops Harsh Policies Toward Israel
Henry Siegman, CFR's leading expert on Israeli-Palestinian affairs, says there are signs Hamas may be seeking ways to ease its policies calling for Israel's destruction. Siegman says it is important …
Interview by Bernard Gwertzman and Henry Siegman
Khalidi: Is Hamas' Terrorism Permanent Or Can It Change?
Rashid Khalidi, an expert on Palestinian politics, who is the director of Columbia University's Middle East Institute, says Hamas' overwhelming victory in the Palestinian legislative elections was du…
Interview by Rashid I. Khalidi and Bernard Gwertzman
The Future of the United Nations
12:15 - 1:00 p.m. Lunch1:00 - 2:00 p.m. Meeting
Event by Shashi Tharoor
Watch Shashi Tharoor, the UN undersecretary general for communications and public information, discuss his candidacy for UN secretary general.
Kurtzer: U.S., Israel and West Should Be Ready to Deal With New Palestinian Government If Headed by Non-Hamas 'Independent'
Daniel Kurtzer, former U.S. ambassador to Israel, says the West should be flexible enought to preserve political engagement with the Palestinian Authority.
Interview by Daniel C. Kurtzer and Bernard Gwertzman
Afghanistan Update
12:15 – 1:00 p.m. Lunch1:00 – 2:00 p.m. Meeting
Event by Barnett R. Rubin and Said Tayeb Jawad
Cook: No Likelihood of U.S. Breaking with Israel on Hamas Talks
Steven A. Cook, a Middle East expert, says he sees no chance the United States would break away from Israel and deal directly with Hamas in the Israeli-Palestinian peace dialogue, even if it might he…
Interview by Steven A. Cook and Bernard Gwertzman
Afghanistan, Pakistan, and U.S. National Security Symposium: Panel II: Options and Prescriptions for U.S. Policy
Watch a panel of experts outline the range of options available for U.S. foreign policy towards Afghanistan and Pakistan and their prescriptions moving forward. This conversation was part of the Cou…
Beyond Elections, Fixing the Afghan State
Elizabeth Rubin, a journalist who has reported extensively on Afghanistan, says beyond the presidential elections, U.S. officials must become more closely involved in improving Afghan governance or f…
Interview by Elizabeth Rubin and Bernard Gwertzman


text:
Q: Android - read file from SDCARD not from cache I'd like to know if it possible to read the content of file from SDCARD using JAVA API in Android.
I can do it using NDK C code by
int fd = open(str, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK | O_DIRECT);
readCount = read(fd, pBuffer, size);

when pBuffer is aligned buffer but when I read it using directly from Java using
bytesRead = fin.read(originalBuffer)

It brings file data from cache

A: So after long investigation and test I understand there is no way to open file directly from Java.
The only way to do it is to use NDK and open the file using O_DIRECT parameter as explained in the body of the question.
Note that in order to compile the code -D_GNU_SOURCE directive should be used.

A: I think that the main problem is to get a page aligned memory buffer in Java, in order to read the file, because passing the file descriptor with O_DIRECT is still possible through JNI ( http://www.kfu.com/~nsayer/Java/jni-filedesc.html - I did use this technique to be able to open file named with UTF-8 names on the Oracle Java VM for ARM which can't do that and this works).
But to fulfill your needs we still have to provide to the system a destination buffer for the read operation which is page aligned, because without it the underlying linux system gives you an EINVAL error after the first try to read data.
I'm not aware of any Java code which can provide page aligned read buffer.


So, you have got a great Chinese recipe you want to try out but you realize you are not prepared at all for the demands of Chinese cooking.
Well, there are many ways you can recreate what you should have with what you might have on hand. This goes for cookware as well as actual food ingredients.
to use what they have in the kitchen.
A normal frying pan can work as a wok but it's best to use a very deep frying pan that is at least 1 and a half inches deep.
fire. That's no good at all.
Many Chinese recipes call for a meat or seafood to be breaded and deep fried. Without a deep fryer, you are going to have a mess no matter what.
The deepest cooking pot or saucepan you have will work but will probably splash all over no matter how you try to contain it.
A rice cooker really isn't necessary unless you truly can't cook rice. Buy what you need and have fun with your new recipes.


This opal comes from the mine named Air Port Field. I bought all my opal rough from Murray Willis in Magill South Australia. This opal I got in 1998. I kept up with everything as I was a collector first; so it was very important for me to know where things came from. This is super fine white base opal. Opal is one of those gems you either love them or not. I love them but will not buy any more as the majority do not appreciate them and I have enough high end rough to last me my lifetime. All these cut opals have been cut for over 10 years and in the safe. So they are stable and have no issues as they are solid pieces and the cost to replace them with similar material is beyond my pocketbook. No treatment in any way.


Dr. Doug Cline is the current Sr. Computing Systems Architect for High Performance Computing at Lockheed Martin Aeronautics. As manager of the Computational Fluid Dynamics Branch, Dr. Cline began configuring HPC systems for the CFD team back in 2006, which evolved into his current full-time role as HPC systems architect. In previous positions, Doug was Program Manager for the NAVY DSRC at Stennis Space Center, and has over 35 years' experience in managing and working with High Performance Computing systems for organizations such as Sandia National Laboratories, Dept. of Defense, EPA/NOAA, and Academia, having represented UT Austin in the Coalition for Academic Scientific Computing (CASC) organization for a number of years. Most recently, Doug organized and led a Panel Session on HPC for the AIAA conference series on Aeronautics. His work has helped make Lockheed Martin Aeronautics the number two commercial customer, by volume, for Cray Inc. Doug received his BS, MS and PhD in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, specializing in Computational Engineering.


text:
Adele Andrea Bocelli Boston Bruins Boston Red Sox Chicago Cubs Colorado Avalanche Detroit Red Wings Disney On Ice: Frozen and Encanto Ed Sheeran Frozen George Strait Hamilton Harry Styles Janet Jackson Jeff Dunham Jerry Seinfeld Jo Koy Les Miserables Luke Combs Madonna Monster Energy AMA Supercross Monster Jam Morgan Wallen New York Rangers New York Yankees Pink Shania Twain Six the Musical Super Bowl SZA Taylor Swift The Lion King To Kill a Mockingbird Vegas Golden Knights Wicked World Baseball Classic
FriFeb 0320237:00 PM
Portland Trail Blazers at Washington Wizards2/3/2023 7:00:00 PM2023-02-03T23:59:00See Portland Trail Blazers at Washington Wizards at Capital One Arena in Washington DC on February 3, 2023 7:00 PM.
Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC
Washington Wizards at Portland Trail Blazers2/14/2023 7:00:00 PM2023-02-14T23:59:00See Washington Wizards at Portland Trail Blazers at Moda Center in Portland on February 14, 2023 7:00 PM.
Moda Center - Portland, OR
Portland Trail BlazersWashington Wizards
Portland Trail BlazersModa CenterAll Portland Trail Blazers GamesAll Events at Moda CenterModa Center Parking
As exciting as this matchup always is, there are many great options to see Portland Trail Blazers games, and TicketCity has tickets them all!
Portland Trail Blazers Parking
Trail Blazers Postseason
Trail Blazers Schedules
Boston CelticsNext: Mar 8 - TD Garden - Boston, MA Chicago BullsNext: Feb 4 - United Center - Chicago, IL Golden State WarriorsNext: Feb 8 - Moda Center - Portland, OR Houston RocketsNext: Feb 26 - Moda Center - Portland, OR LA ClippersNext: Mar 19 - Moda Center - Portland, OR Los Angeles LakersNext: Feb 13 - Moda Center - Portland, OR New York KnicksNext: Mar 14 - Moda Center - Portland, OR Oklahoma City ThunderNext: Feb 10 - Moda Center - Portland, OR Philadelphia 76ersNext: Mar 10 - Wells Fargo Center-PA - Philadelphia, PA Atlanta HawksNext: Mar 3 - State Farm Arena - Atlanta, GA Detroit PistonsNext: Mar 7 - Little Caesars Arena - Detroit, MI Memphis GrizzliesNext: Feb 1 - FedExForum - Memphis, TN Milwaukee BucksNext: Feb 6 - Moda Center - Portland, OR Minnesota TimberwolvesNext: Apr 2 - Target Center - Minneapolis, MN New Orleans PelicansNext: Mar 1 - Moda Center - Portland, OR Orlando MagicNext: Mar 5 - Amway Center - Orlando, FL Sacramento KingsNext: Feb 23 - Golden 1 Center - Sacramento, CA Utah JazzNext: Mar 22 - Vivint Smart Home Arena - Salt Lake City, UT San Antonio SpursNext: Apr 6 - Moody Center ATX - Austin, TX
Show Performer Venue Details Washington WizardsCapital One ArenaAll Washington Wizards GamesAll Events at Capital One ArenaCapital One Arena Parking
As exciting as this matchup always is, there are many great options to see Washington Wizards games, and TicketCity has tickets them all!
Washington Wizards Parking
Wizards Postseason
Wizards Schedules
Boston CelticsNext: Mar 28 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Chicago BullsNext: Feb 26 - United Center - Chicago, IL Cleveland CavaliersNext: Feb 6 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Detroit PistonsNext: Feb 1 - Little Caesars Arena - Detroit, MI Golden State WarriorsNext: Feb 13 - Chase Center - San Francisco, CA Houston RocketsNext: Apr 9 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Indiana PacersNext: Feb 11 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Miami HeatNext: Apr 7 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC New York KnicksNext: Feb 24 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Philadelphia 76ersNext: Mar 12 - Wells Fargo Center-PA - Philadelphia, PA San Antonio SpursNext: Mar 24 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Toronto RaptorsNext: Mar 2 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Atlanta HawksNext: Feb 28 - State Farm Arena - Atlanta, GA Brooklyn NetsNext: Feb 4 - Barclays Center - Brooklyn, NY Charlotte HornetsNext: Feb 8 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Denver NuggetsNext: Mar 22 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Milwaukee BucksNext: Mar 6 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC Minnesota TimberwolvesNext: Feb 16 - Target Center - Minneapolis, MN Orlando MagicNext: Mar 21 - Amway Center - Orlando, FL Sacramento KingsNext: Mar 18 - Capital One Arena - Washington DC, DC
Capital One Arena Information
Address: 601 F St NW, Washington, DC 20004
Capital One Arena Seating Information
Events: Basketball, Hockey, Concerts, Comedy Shows, Wrestling and Special Shows
Sections: Lower Level, Club Level, Mezzanine Level, Suites, Loge, Acela & Players Club, Box, and VIP seats
The Capital One Arena was built in 1997, and the cutting-edge facility has been credited with revitalizing the downtown area of Washington, D.C. The construction of the new venue accelerated the growth of bars, restaurants, and shops around the arena and it is now one of D.C.'s hot spots. The Washington Wizards and Washington Capitals call the Capital One Arena home and take advantage of its indoor practice facilities, well-appointed locker rooms and home-court advantage thanks to their rabid fan bases. The Capital One Arena has become a mecca of concerts, sporting events, and conventions and boasts nearly 20,000 seats for enthused attendees, a high-definition video board, and an expansive selection of concession stands and restaurants.
Sports at Capital One Arena
The Washington Wizards were known as the Bullets for a majority of their history, and they saw much of their sustained success during the 1970s. Since then, the Wizards have been a bit of a middling team with sporadic playoff appearances wedged between losing seasons. While the team made the playoffs between 2005 and 2008, they have yet to break through to the conference finals in recent history. The Washington Capitals are arguably the biggest success story in Washington sports, and they have been a consistent title contender. With playoff appearances from 2008-2016, the Caps play a style of aggressive hockey that has made them a force in the Eastern Conference. The Caps are still looking for their first Stanley Cup, but their impressive play over the past few years and as No.1 in the league in 2016 it certainly looks like the best is yet to come.
Concerts at Capital One Arena
The Capital One Arena is also the place to be when a big-time performer is in the nation's capital, and the arena has hosted some of the legendary names in music and entertainment. Stars such as Bruce Springsteen, Cher, Elton John, Beyonce, Taylor Swift, Carrie Underwood, and many more have played the Capital One Arena. With its accessibility and world-class amenities, the Capital One Arena always seems to be in the center of the action.
Capital One Arena Venue Guide
What is the best way to get to the Capital One Arena?
The Metro operates a service to the Capital One Arena in DC. On the Redline, the Gallery Place/Chinatown Metro stop in front of the Capital One Arena. A few blocks away from the center, the Navy-Archives Pen Quarter, Metro Center, and Judiciary Square stop.
Does my child need a ticket?
Children 2 years of age or younger are admitted free to all concerts, basketball, and hockey games.
2023 Portland Trail Blazers vs Washington Wizards Tickets
The Portland Trail Blazers at Washington Wizards game is only 3 day(s) away. Washington and Portland Trail Blazers will play at Capital One Arena on Friday, 02/03/2023. There are 684 tickets available to buy with prices starting at $32 per ticket. The Wizards and Trail Blazers have only 2 game(s) left on their upcoming schedule.
Trail Blazers vs Wizards FAQs
Where is the next Trail Blazers vs Wizards matchup?
The next game is at Capital One Arena in Washington DC, DC on February 3, 2023.
How much will it cost to see Trail Blazers vs Wizards?
The lowest price to get into Capital One Arena is $30.00, but TicketCity has a wide selection, with 648 tickets listed for sale.
Where do the Portland Trail Blazers play home games?
Portland plays home games at Moda Center in Portland, OR.
Where do the Washington Wizards play home games?
Washington plays home games at Capital One Arena in Washington DC, DC.


A beautiful smile requires healthy teeth and gums. Keeping your teeth healthy requires the right combination of dental hygiene, preventative care and a healthy diet. Our dentist in Northridge explains how you can keep your teeth strong and healthy and reduce your risk of dental health problems.
Your mouth contains bacteria that tend to lurk in the plaque on your teeth and in hard-to-reach areas. Every time you eat, the small particles of food that are left behind are consumed by these oral bacteria, which then create an acidic byproduct that erodes your enamel and decays your teeth. Brushing twice daily and flossing every day can help keep plaque and the bacteria that live in it under control. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste for the best results.
Regular dental checkups can be helpful not just to reduce the amount of plaque and bacteria in your mouth but can also catch early signs of dental health issues that could lead to extensive or long-term problems. A professional cleaning can polish your teeth and leave them sparkling clean while a close examination will reveal any areas of decay, gum disease or other problems that are best treated when identified early.
Finally, taking preventative measures can help you enjoy a healthier smile for years to come. Our dentist may recommend regular fluoride treatments, specific products or an individualized treatment plan to help you maximize your dental health.
Contact our dental office today to schedule your next dental exam and cleaning or to learn more about how you can keep your smile healthier.