text:
var mongoose = require('mongoose'),
    ObjectId = mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId;

/**
 * An utility class that performs simple data related operations.
 *
 * @class LifeData
 * @constructor
 */
var LifeData = function () {};

/**
 * Get an internationalized string from a collection of strings
 *
 * User locale, user language, US English, English, first language available
 *
 * @param {String} locale
 * @param {Object} strings
 * @function
 */
LifeData.i18nPicker = function (strings, locale) {
    var candidate = null;
    var lang = locale.substring(0, 2);

    for (var i = strings.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        if (strings[i].locale == locale) {
            return strings[i].string;
        }

        if (strings[i].locale.substring(0, 2) == lang) {
            candidate = strings[i].string;
        }
    };

    return candidate || (strings[0] && strings[0].string) || '';
};

/**
 * Add, remove or edit i18n inside object
 *
 * @param {String[]} keys
 * @param {Object} object
 * @param {String} locale
 * @param {Object} sources
 */
LifeData.i18nFiller = function (keys, object, locale, sources) {
    var i;
    var found = false;

    keys.forEach(function (key) {
        if (typeof object[key] !== 'object') {
            object[key] = [];
        }

        if (sources[key] === undefined) {
            return;
        }

        for (i in object[key]) {
            if (object[key].locale == locale) {
                if (sources[key] === '') {
                    object[key].string = sources[key];
                } else {
                    object[key].remove(object[key]);
                }

                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (found == false && sources[key] !== '') {
            object[key].push({
                string: sources[key],
                locale: locale
            });
        }
    });

    return object;
};

/**
 * Check whenever something can be converted to an ObjectId
 *
 * @param {Object|String} item
 * @return boolean
 * @function
 */
LifeData.isObjectId = function (item) {
    return (item instanceof ObjectId ||
            item instanceof mongoose.Document ||
        (item && item.toString && item.toString().match(/^[0-9a-fA-F]{24}$/)));
};

/**
 * Escape a string to be included in RegExp
 *
 * @param {String} s
 * @return String
 * @function
 */
LifeData.regexpEscape = function (s) {
    return s.replace(/[\-\/\\\^$*+?.()|\[\]{}]/g, '\\$&');
};

/**
 * Number padding
 *
 * @param {Number} num
 * @param {Number} numZeros
 * @static
 */
LifeData.zeroPad = function (num, numZeros) {
    var n = Math.abs(num);
    var zeros = Math.max(0, numZeros - Math.floor(n).toString().length);
    var zeroString = Math.pow(10, zeros).toString().substr(1);
    if (num < 0) {
        zeroString = '-' + zeroString;
    }

    return zeroString + n;
};

/**
 * Convert Date object to ISO date
 *
 * @param {Date} d
 * @returns String
 * @static
 */
LifeData.dateToString = function (d) {
    return LifeData.zeroPad(d.getUTCFullYear(), 4) + '-' +
        LifeData.zeroPad(d.getUTCMonth() + 1, 2) + '-' +
        LifeData.zeroPad(d.getUTCDate(), 2);
};

/**
 * Convert Date object to ISO time
 *
 * @param {Date} d
 * @returns String
 * @static
 */
LifeData.dateTimeToString = function (d) {
    return LifeData.dateToString(d) + 'T' +
        LifeData.zeroPad(d.getUTCHours(), 2) + ':' +
        LifeData.zeroPad(d.getUTCMinutes(), 2) + ':' +
        LifeData.zeroPad(d.getUTCSeconds(), 2) + 'Z';
};

module.exports = LifeData;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: UDP - Raw Sockets - C# I need to edit headers of UDP packet (and send it with edited headers), I think I must use raw sockets.
I tried something like this:
    byte[] buffer = new byte[]{0x00,0x00};
    string ip = "SomeIP"

    Socket sk = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Raw, ProtocolType.Raw);
    sk.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IP, SocketOptionName.HeaderIncluded, true);
    sk.SendTo(new byte[] { buffer }, new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip),2017));

But I still can't edit header :(

A:         byte[] buffer = new byte[] { 0x00, 0x00 };
        string ip = "SomeIP";
        // Set Socket Type to 'Dgram' for connectionless and UDP since your working with UDP
        Socket sk = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);
        sk.SendTo(buffer, new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), 2017));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Amos Bartholomew (26 May 1825 – 4 November 1907) was an English cricketer who played in four first-class cricket matches between 1853 and 1864.

Bartholomew was born and died in Sevenoaks in Kent and was employed as a professional cricketer, umpire and groundsman at Sevenoaks Vine and groundsman at Wildernesse, the home of Charles Mills, 1st Baron Hillingdon, near the town. He appeared twice for Kent County Cricket Club, once for a Kent and Sussex XI and once for an England representative side in first-class matches and had a reputation as a fine player at club level locally. Bartholomew was married and had three children. He died in 1907 aged 82.

References

External links

1825 births
1907 deaths
English cricketers
Kent cricketers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Freedom of Expression is Not A Loophole: Responding to the Government's Inaccurate Defence of Mandated Payments for Links in Bill C-18
The Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage opened its clause-by-clause review of Bill C-18 on Friday with some extensive questions about the scope of coverage of the bill and the opportunity to vote on several amendments. The meeting finally provided the chance to ask department officials for their views on key questions, including whether the government believes that services such as Reddit and Twitter are caught by the law (the answer was yes they are digital news intermediaries, but may not be sufficiently dominant to be required to negotiate mandate payments). The most important moment in the hearing came toward the end, when Conservative MP Rachael Thomas moved an amendment to exclude links from the scope of the definition of news content. That approach would still ensure that news publishers are covered for uses of their work such as republication (which is precisely what most would envision) but safeguard the foundation of the free flow of information on the Internet.
As I've argued elsewhere, the government's current approach ascribes value to links where there isn't any, regulates which platforms must pay in order to permit expression from their users, and dictates which sources are entitled to compensation. The committee did not have time to vote on the amendment, but Liberal MP Chris Bittle offered up the government's perspective, which is that it will vote against the proposal, confirming that it intends to include links within the scope of the legislation. That confirmation is not surprising, but it is notable, since advocates of the bill have insisted – despite a plain reading of the bill – that it does not require payments for links. That argument seemingly rests on the claim that payments will involve compensation for all links, rather than individual ones, which is a distinction without a real difference.
While the government has had months to prepare a response to the link issue, Bittle's response was even worse than might have been expected as the government is taking the position that any sharing of news requires negotiated payment and that if linking is not included, the entire bill will be "gutted."
I understand where Mrs. Thomas and the Conservatives are coming from, but we are concerned about the enormous loopholes this is going to create. C-18 requires the parties to bargain over all the ways that content is made available and restricting that only hurts news organizations. Eliminating hyperlinks risks cutting out an important way in which news is shared. We've seen in Spain what happened…eliminating hyperlinks in their legislation provided tech companies with a giant loophole to drive a truck through and just show news as hyperlinks and avoid payment…This amendment risks gutting the entire bill.
First, Bittle is factually wrong as Spain did not create a specific exemption for links in its legislation. Quite the opposite: Spain required payments for links and Google responded by removing the Google News service from the country. Google restarted the service earlier this year when the law was changed consistent with European standards that allow publishers to waive link compensation.
Second, the government's position that any news sharing requires negotiation for compensation and that excluding links would be "loophole" represents a dangerous attack on freedom of expression. This blog post shares a link to a news article that Bittle should have read before reading his inaccurate statement of the law in Spain. This form of news sharing is an important part of public discourse and is basic expression. Indeed, linking to source material is often essential to counter misinformation and mandated payments creates unnecessary barriers to the ability for Canadians to inform and become informed.
In fact, the claim that excluding links would represent a "loophole" is little different than saying that freedom of expression is somehow a loophole. The default for freedom of expression is, naturally enough, freedom to express oneself without government regulation. While that doesn't mean anything goes – defamation, hate speech, etc. still apply – expression rights without regulation is not a loophole. It is rightly the default in a democratic society where speech regulation is the exception, not the rule. The danger with Bill C-18 is that it flips this principle on its head, adopting the position that this form of speech must be included within a regulatory framework and that to do otherwise would "gut" the legislation via a "loophole". It is not and shame on those in the government and the news lobbying sector that would so cavalierly undermine the most fundamental of freedoms in pursuit of political expediency or a government-enforced payout.
Why Bill C-18's Mandated Payment for Links is a Threat to Freedom of Expression in Canada What is the Logic Behind The Logic's Demand for Internet Platform Payments? No Comment: Government Moves to End Debate on Online News Bill Despite a No-Show from Canadian Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez The Law Bytes Podcast, Episode 141: Why the Online News Act is a Bad Solution to a Real Problem, Part Five – My Appearance Before the Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage
Tags: c-18 / freedom of expression / links / online news act
Nigel Declan says:
Now, credit where credit is due. Chris Bittle's response gets most of the facts wrong and shows his party's utter contempt for freedom of expression, if not individual rights and freedoms in general, but he managed to do so without publicly and maliciously accusing everyone who disagreed with him of antisemitism.
That should read "racism." My mistake.
Chris S says:
So – a question that – for now – might be mostly theoretical. What if a "system" like Mastodon, or another strongly federated solution, ends up being how many links are shared? When Google and Meta could just stop any news references, and nobody would notice or care?
What is supposed to happen when the main sources no longer have the big bucks?
DB says:
My guess is they will be lobbying for a mandatory news support fee that would be added to your internet and cell phone bills.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Ken Burns and Lynn Novick explore the writer and his enduring influence. Coming April 2021
Ken Burns and Lynn Novick explore the life and work of the legendary writer and his enduring influence on literature and culture. Three-part, six-hour series premieres April 5, 2021.
Hemingway - A Look Ahead
Preview | 30s
Behind the Scenes | Exploring Hemingway
Ken Burns and Lynn Novick on why they chose to explore the complex and iconic writer.
Clip | 2m
Explore Ken Burns Shows


Did you know CoolSculpting can freeze away stubborn body fat?
Our RNs will be available after the demo for free assessments and special pricing. Those who purchase CoolSculpting during the event will receive 20% off their treatment and a $50 Pure Luxe gift card to be used on services. They'll also be entered to win a free cycle, valued at $750.
Spaces are limited, so click here to reserve your spot. Still unsure about whether or not CoolSculpting is right for you? Learn more about the treatment here.


Our (my) dreams may have been dashed when it was revealed that Animal Planet's mermaid documentary wasn't real, but that doesn't mean you can't indulge your inner nyad by celebrating #WorldOceansDay this Saturday, June 8th with H2O Plus' Restore Our Water Planet Shower Gel. H2O Plus was one of my beauty brand gateway drugs, PS. I rocked their "Mariel" (created for Mariel Hemingway) perfume all throughout the '90s. Comment if you even remember what I'm talking about.
In partnership with EarthEcho International, H2O Plus encourages us to take action and help protect our water planet with the purchase of this refreshing, ocean-inspired shower gel ($10). This hydrating shower gel contains antioxidant-rich Watercress Extract and Iceland Moss to keep skin smooth, plus provitamin B5, Vitamin E, and Aloe Vera to lock in moisture. The marine-inspired fragrance harkens to the '90s, certainly, but is fresh and appealing.
H2O Plus Restore Our Water Planet Shower Gel is available at H2OPlus.com.
← Giveaway: Win One Of 10 Gift Baskets From Puffs!


text:
Clinical evaluation of a nutraceutical, carprofen and meloxicam for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis
Three treatments for osteoarthritis in dogs assessed
source: M. Moreau et al
Veterinary Record vol 152 no 11, March 15 2003
Starts p323, 7 pages long
A double-blind study to assess the efficacy of caprofen, meloxicam and a nutraceutical as treatments for osteoarthritis has been carried out on 71 dogs for 60 days by researchers from the University of Montreal, Canada. The median age of the dogs was 68 months, with a range from 18-144 months, and they had a median weight of 38 kilos. Twenty nine of the dogs had osteoarthritis of the stifle, 27 had affected hips, and 15 had affected elbows.
The dogs treated with carprofen had Rimadyl from Pfizer, the meloxicam treatment was Metacam from Boehringer Ingelheim, while the nutraceutical was Cosequin DS from Nutramax Laboratories, a mix of chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine hydrochloride and manganese ascorbate. A fourth group was given a placebo for 30 days. One dog, a boxer, was withdrawn from the meloxicam group due to vomiting. A second dog, in the placebo group, developed myasthenia gravis and was euthanased. A third dog, a Labrador retriever in the carprofen group, was withdrawn due to toxic idiosyncratic hepatitis.
The effect of the osteoarthritis on the dogs was first measured using a comparison of ground reaction forces between the affected dogs and 10 normal dogs. The dogs were reassessed after 30 and 60 days of treatment. The dogs treated with meloxicam and carprofen showed significant improvement measured by ground reaction forces, while the dogs receiving the nutraceutical did not show such improvement. Dogs treated with meloxicam showed some GRF values returning to normal, which was not true for dogs receiving carprofen or the nutraceutical. The dogs' owners saw an improvement with meloxicam, while orthopaedic surgeons noted improvements with both carprofen and meloxicam. Only one dog showed a reaction to the treatment, the dog withdrawn with heptopathy.
DO,HD
Dogs: Health, Disease and Physiology: Other health issues


According to recent research, Aussies, especially those aged 45 to 55, have led the boom in Phuket medical tourism with dental care one of the top three most popular treatment segments.
Dental tourists and local expats agree it's the combination of Phuket's state-of-the-art specialist dental clinics as well as the major cost saving compared to Australia that tend to be the deciding factors.
"I wouldn't just go anywhere for dental work," says Lucy Neal, aged 47. "Phuket has a really good reputation for medical tourism and my first priority was getting high-quality care, though the difference in price really helped make up my mind. I checked out costs in a lot of countries and it was off-putting how much more expensive it is in Australia.
Lucy did her research online before arranging a consultation and found that the more established clinics have very detailed websites with their dentists' qualifications and training clearly stated.
They also featured extensive price lists for different treatments and testimonials with case studies from satisfied customers. Lucy went to Dental Care Clinic led by Phuket dentist Dr Panachai, who has been treating international patients for 32 years, alongside a highly-experienced team of specialists who have certifications and training from the U.S. and Europe.
Aside from credentials, the clinic promotes dental tourism through packages that include free transfers and hotel rooms once you book over $1,850 in treatments, plus extra holiday bonuses when you spend over a certain amount.
Patients who spend over $3,700 can benefit from up to 10 nights free accommodation at boutique hotels near to Phuket Town where studios and suites with poolside terraces cost from $90 to $130 a night during high season.
The choice of an all-expenses-paid trip to Coral Island or the Phi Phi Islands (pictured below) is another bonus. This includes a morning transfer from the hotel to Royal Phuket Marina where a speedboat whisks you away for some serious island-hopping adventure.
Patients who spend over $10,000 can get up to 20 nights accommodation and even more tours to choose from including a trip to Maiton Island by catamaran or sea kayaking near James Bond Island in Phang Nga Bay. All-in-all, it makes for an attractive proposition to those interested in both the cost savings and coastal charms of Phuket.
Sydney native Alan Hansen, aged 71, retired to Phuket on a permanent basis several years ago but had been attending the island's dentists for the best part of 10 years before moving there.
Alan realised he could return to Phuket regularly to get more extensive treatments which otherwise would have been too costly for his limited budget back in Australia.
Alan has since had a lot of work completed at the Sea Smile Dental Clinic in Patong which is the first on the island to be JCI-accredited with an ISO:9001 certified in-house dental lab. He says that it's important to select an established clinic where you feel comfortable and confident. He also thinks it's better to pay a little more to get the best service as prices are so competitive already.


text:
My history hero: Sir Moses I Finley (1912–86)
Chosen by Mary Beard, historian and author
This article was first published in the January 2012 issue of BBC History Magazine
Sir Moses I Finley CBE, FBA, was an American classical scholar who moved to England in 1955. He taught at Cambridge and was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. His most notable work is The Ancient Economy (1973), in which he argued that status and civic ideology governed the economy in antiquity rather than rational economic motivations.
When did you first hear about Moses Finley?
I read his book The World of Odysseus at school and it was an eye-opener. I hadn't ever realised that you could take epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, composed almost 3,000 years ago, and ask them historical questions. It had never occurred to me that, if you read carefully, you could find all sorts of clues about the kind of society that had produced the poems – its economy, government and law. When I saw Finley in the flesh, in lectures at university, it was even better. He opened up all those subjects that I hadn't before recognised as part of ancient history: slavery, revolution, poverty, for example.
What kind of person was he?
Engaging, straight-talking, dogmatic. He had come to Britain from New York at the time of the McCarthyite witch-hunts in the 1950s: it made him a wonderful combination of the brilliant boy from the Bronx and crusty Oxbridge academic. I think he shocked some corners of the ivory tower with the trans-Atlantic frankness. "That idea is rubbish," he would happily say.
What made him a hero?
He showed me that studying the ancient world was something I didn't have to be remotely ashamed about.
His idea was to make students see that ancient history mattered, that it was a subject worth getting cross about, and (perhaps even more important) that you couldn't understand Greece and Rome if you didn't understand the modern world too. No one before had ever suggested that reading Marx or Freud was something I should be doing for my 'real' work, not as an optional extra. It was an eye-opener.
What was his finest hour?
I guess Moses would have thought that giving the Sather Lectures at Berkeley in California was the high point of his career. They became a famous book called The Ancient Economy – which attacked the usual idea that ancient economic life could be understood in more or less modern terms (with proto-capitalists, mercantile classes, imports and exports and so on). This, for him, was where Marx, Weber and co came in – not to show that the ancient world was like the modern, but to give us the tools to show how different it was. I'm not so sure. In a way it has dated more than his other writing.
He was elected a fellow of the British Academy in 1971. For me, his finest hours were those he spent in the lecture hall turning our views about the ancient world upside down.
Is there anything you didn't particularly admire about him?
He could be terribly intolerant and (as the cliché goes) he didn't suffer fools gladly. I wouldn't have wanted to be one of his academic enemies. And I now see he didn't much like or really understand the Roman world. He was a Greek man through and through, and he never thought that the Romans were half as interesting (he was wrong there!).
Can you see any parallels between his life and your own?
He saw that popular history did not mean dumbing down. He was keen to talk to non-specialists as intelligent human beings, not as if they were stupid and needed their history 'lite'.
The series of talks he did on the 'Third Programme' (now Radio 3), later published in The Listener, look at all kinds of aspects of the ancient world, from Homer to Claudius (via Robert Graves). They are brilliant examples of a Melvyn Bragg style before Bragg.
I hope that, in talking to non-specialist audiences, I live up to his example. No jargon, but no dumbing down.
Mary Beard is professor of classics at the University of Cambridge. She is also the classics editor of the Times Literary Supplement, and author of the blog A Don's Life. In 2010, she was elected a fellow of the British Academy, the UK's national body for the humanities and social sciences: www.britac.ac.uk
History hero
Popular historians
General Modern
Are these the most overrated people in history?
India: a land of contradictions
Gertrude Bell: adventurer, diplomat, mountaineer and anti-suffragette
"I Have A Dream": the speech that America couldn't ignore


text:
HPU's University Singers and Concert Choir to present Christmas concert
BROWNWOOD – November 30, 2017 – The University Singers and Concert Choir of Howard Payne University will present a Christmas Concert Thursday, December 7, at 7:30 p.m. at Coggin Avenue Baptist Church in Brownwood. The program is free of charge and open to the public.
The choirs will perform selections from Handel's timeless work titled "Messiah." The Festival Chamber Orchestra, a group of area and collegiate musicians, will accompany the choirs.
Featured soloists for the concert are soprano Dr. Celeste Church, professor of music and dean of institutional research and effectiveness; mezzo-soprano Danielle Rosborough, 2008 HPU alumna; tenor Dr. Gregory Church, professor of music; and baritone Dr. Iwao Asakura, associate professor of music at Tarleton State University in Stephenville.
The University Singers, Concert Choir and Festival Chamber Orchestra are under the direction of Dr. Christopher Rosborough, assistant professor of music and director of choral activities.
"Bringing this specific work to Brown County has been a dream of mine since 2016 when I became the choral director at HPU," said Dr. Rosborough. "It is a brilliant and festive composition that crosses many cultural and generational gaps."
Dr. Rosborough also said that it is the goal of this combined choir to cultivate an ensemble of singers within the community and university who strive to offer a high level of artistry, while advocating for great choral music in Brownwood and its surrounding areas.
Coggin Avenue Baptist Church is located at 1815 Coggin Avenue in Brownwood. For more information, contact HPU's School of Music and Fine Arts at 325-649-8500.
Cutline: HPU's University Singers and Concert Choir will present a Christmas concert on Thursday, December 7, at 7:30 p.m. at Coggin Avenue Baptist Church.


text:
Fedor Alekseyevich Gorst (; born May 31, 2000 in Moscow) is a Russian professional pool player.

Career
In December 2018, Gorst reached 8th in the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) world rankings. Gorst won the U19 8-Ball European Pool Championship in 2017, before winning the 2018 Treviso Open on the Euro Tour. Gorst is also a Junior 9-ball world champion, winning the 2017 WPA World Nine-ball Junior Championship in the boys (Under 19) event.

Gorst won the 2019 WPA World Nine-ball Championship, defeating Chang Jung-lin in the final 13–11.

Titles and Achievements
 2023 CSI U.S. Open 8-Ball Championship
 2023 CSI U.S. Open 10-Ball Championship
 2023 Skinny Bob's One Pocket Classic
 2023 Skinny Bob's 9-Ball Classic
 2023 Derby City Classic Master of the Table
 2023 Derby City Classic 9-Ball
 2023 Derby City Classic Bank Pool
 2023 Mini Derb Open 10-Ball
 2023 Mini Derb Open 9-Ball
 2023 Mini Derb Open One Pocket
 2022 Pro Billiard Series Ohio Open
 2022 River City Open 10-Ball Championship
 2022 Brendan Crockett Memorial
 2022 Racks on the Rocks One Pocket
 2022 Racks on the Rocks 10-Ball
 2022 International Open Bigfoot 10-Ball Challenge
 2022 Pro Billiard Series Arizona Open
 2022 CSI U.S. Open 10-Ball Championship
 2022 Hannah Choi Memorial 10-Ball
 2022 Midwest Bar Table Classic
 2022 Midwest Open 10-Ball Championship
 2022 Midwest 10-Ball Invitational
 2022 Derby City Classic Master of the Table
 2022 Derby City Classic Bank Pool
 2022 Derby City Classic One Pocket
 2021 Pro Billiard Series Arizona Open
 2021 Rack N Grill 9-Ball Shootout
 2021 Midwest 10-Ball Invitational
 2021 Russian Pool Championship 10-Ball
 2021 Russian Pool Championship 8-Ball
 2021 European Pool Championship 14.1
 2020 Mosconi Cup
 2020 Russian Pool Championship 10-Ball
 2020 Russian Pool Championship 9-Ball
 2020 Russian Pool Championship 8-Ball
 2020 Athens 9-Ball Open
 2019 WPA World Nine-ball Championship
 2019 Russian Pool Championship 10-Ball
 2019 Russian Pool Championship 9-Ball
 2019 Mezz Bucharest Open
 2019 European Pool Championship 9-Ball
 2018 Russian Pool Championship 10-Ball
 2018 Euro Tour Treviso Open
 2017 Russian Pool Championship 14.1
 2017 WPA World Nine-ball Junior championship

References

External links

Russian pool players
Place of birth missing (living people)
2000 births
Living people
WPA World Nine-ball Champions


The research work titled "General Legal Assessment of the Maidan Events: the Legitimacy and Legality," conducted by two 4th year students of the Law Sciences Faculty at NaUKMA, Mariana Postolovska and Mykhailo Yanyshivskyi, was recognized as the best in the All-Ukrainian competition of research student works in honor of the Hero of the Heavenly Hundred, Serhiy Kemsky.
The competition was held from November 1, 2018, through February 10, 2019, and received applications from 37 participants from 13 Ukrainian universities. The winning projects will be published on the Ukrayinska Pravda news website.
The study offers a legal assessment, in accordance with the legal and philosophical doctrines, general principles of law, international law, and the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.
It was established that the protesters on the Maidan exercised the right to peaceful assembly, the right of the nation's self-determination, and the right of the people to an uprising.
The use of force by protesters and the seizure of administrative buildings, in general, are characterized in criminal law as the necessary defense justified in an emergency.
The study crystallizes the clear position that the Euromaidan–through the prism of legality and legitimacy–was a clear example of the realization of the nation's right to self-determination, and that the events not only changed the course of politics, but also created the preconditions for profound, qualitative changes in society.


For those of you that have not noticed my blog now re-directs you to http://vanishedcompass.exploresask.com/ instead of vanishedcompass.blogspot.com It is the same blog but now the domain name is changed. I thought it would be for the better if i attatched the blog to the website as originally planned.
Please change all bookmarks and subscribes as necessary.
Blogger has also changed around the editing section and the way pictures are uploaded. Because of this some of my blog may not line up, font may be different, pictures may be all over - there are clearly glitches still with this new system.
Thank you for sticking with me during these changes, i know they will be for the better!
Just an FYI, old bookmarks will redirect to the new address pretty seamlessly. I think RSS should as well, but I'd need to verify that.


is a complete line of speaker panels, adapters and sub enclosures that allow you to customize your stereo system in just about any power sport vehicle. Waves & Wheels have custom speaker panels for snowmobiles, UTV side by sides, PWCs, Off Road Vehicles and marine boat applications all designed by an installer who first hand knows the challenges of custom stereo installs. Waves & Wheels for the best line of marine audio accessories.


Many services under one roof.
We established our practice with the intention of combining professional eye examinations, treatment of eye diseases, eyewear and services in a personal, at-home and caring environment. Our office in Bend's Westside opened on January 1, 2000. It's a fitting location to reflect on our deep respect for the gift of sight, with the beauty of the river and wildlife in such abundance.


text:
"""Implements a client library for reading and writing LUCI_CONTEXT compatible
files.

Due to arcane details of the UNIX process model and environment variables, this
library is unfortunately NOT threadsafe; there's no way to have multiple
LUCI_CONTEXTS live in a process safely at the same time. As such, this library
will raise an exception if any attempt is made to use it improperly (for example
by having multiple threads call 'write' at the same time).

See ../LUCI_CONTEXT.md for details on the LUCI_CONTEXT concept/protocol."""

import contextlib
import copy
import json
import logging
import os
import sys
import tempfile
import threading

import six

_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# _ENV_KEY is the environment variable that we look for to find out where the
# LUCI context file is.
_ENV_KEY = 'LUCI_CONTEXT'

# _CUR_CONTEXT contains the cached LUCI Context that is currently available to
# read. A value of None indicates that the value has not yet been populated.
_CUR_CONTEXT = None
_CUR_CONTEXT_LOCK = threading.Lock()

# Write lock is a recursive mutex which is taken when using the write() method.
# This allows the same thread to
_WRITE_LOCK = threading.RLock()

@contextlib.contextmanager
def _tf(data, data_raw=False, workdir=None):
  tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
      mode='w', prefix='luci_ctx.', suffix='.json', delete=False, dir=workdir)
  _LOGGER.debug('Writing LUCI_CONTEXT file %r', tf.name)
  try:
    if not data_raw:
      json.dump(_to_encodable(data), tf)
    else:
      # for testing, allows malformed json
      tf.write(data)
    tf.close()  # close it so that winders subprocesses can read it.
    yield tf.name
  finally:
    try:
      os.unlink(tf.name)
    except OSError as ex:
      _LOGGER.error(
        'Failed to delete written LUCI_CONTEXT file %r: %s', tf.name, ex)

def _to_utf8(obj):
  if isinstance(obj, dict):
    return {_to_utf8(key): _to_utf8(value) for key, value in obj.items()}
  if isinstance(obj, list):
    return [_to_utf8(item) for item in obj]
  if six.PY2 and isinstance(obj, six.text_type):
    return obj.encode('utf-8')
  return obj

def _to_encodable(obj):
  if isinstance(obj, dict):
    return {
        _to_encodable(key): _to_encodable(value) for key, value in obj.items()
    }
  if isinstance(obj, list):
    return [_to_encodable(item) for item in obj]
  if isinstance(obj, six.binary_type):
    return obj.decode('utf-8')
  return obj

class MultipleLUCIContextException(Exception):
  def __init__(self):
    super(MultipleLUCIContextException, self).__init__(
      'Attempted to write LUCI_CONTEXT in multiple threads')

def _check_ok(data):
  if not isinstance(data, dict):
    _LOGGER.error(
      'LUCI_CONTEXT does not contain a dict: %s', type(data).__name__)
    return False

  bad = False
  for k, v in data.items():
    if not isinstance(v, dict):
      bad = True
      _LOGGER.error(
        'LUCI_CONTEXT[%r] is not a dict: %s', k, type(v).__name__)

  return not bad

# this is a separate function from _read_full for testing purposes.
def _initial_load():
  global _CUR_CONTEXT
  to_assign = {}

  ctx_path = os.environ.get(_ENV_KEY)
  if ctx_path:
    if six.PY2:
      ctx_path = ctx_path.decode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
    _LOGGER.debug('Loading LUCI_CONTEXT: %r', ctx_path)
    try:
      with open(ctx_path, 'r') as f:
        loaded = _to_utf8(json.load(f))
        if _check_ok(loaded):
          to_assign = loaded
    except OSError as ex:
      _LOGGER.error('LUCI_CONTEXT failed to open: %s', ex)
    except IOError as ex:
      _LOGGER.error('LUCI_CONTEXT failed to read: %s', ex)
    except ValueError as ex:
      _LOGGER.error('LUCI_CONTEXT failed to decode: %s', ex)

  _CUR_CONTEXT = to_assign

def _read_full():
  # double-check because I'm a hopeless diehard.
  if _CUR_CONTEXT is None:
    with _CUR_CONTEXT_LOCK:
      if _CUR_CONTEXT is None:
        _initial_load()
  return _CUR_CONTEXT

def _mutate(section_values):
  new_val = read_full()
  for section, value in section_values.items():
    if value is None:
      new_val.pop(section, None)
    elif isinstance(value, dict):
      new_val[section] = value
    else:
      raise ValueError(
        'Bad type for LUCI_CONTEXT[%r]: %s', section, type(value).__name__)
  return new_val

def read_full():
  """Returns a copy of the entire current contents of the LUCI_CONTEXT as
  a dict.
  """
  return copy.deepcopy(_read_full())

def read(section_key):
  """Reads from the given section key. Returns the data in the section or None
  if the data doesn't exist.

  Args:
    section_key (str) - The top-level key to read from the LUCI_CONTEXT.

  Returns:
    A copy of the requested section data (as a dict), or None if the section was
    not present.

  Example:
    Given a LUCI_CONTEXT of:
      {
        "swarming": {
          "secret_bytes": <bytes>
        },
        "other_service": {
          "nested": {
            "key": "something"
          }
        }
      }

    read('swarming') -> {'secret_bytes': <bytes>}
    read('doesnt_exist') -> None
  """
  return copy.deepcopy(_read_full().get(section_key, None))

@contextlib.contextmanager
def write(_tmpdir=None, **section_values):
  """Write is a contextmanager which will write all of the provided section
  details to a new context, copying over the values from any unmentioned
  sections. The new context file will be set in os.environ. When the
  contextmanager exits, it will attempt to delete the context file.

  Since each call to write produces a new context file on disk, it's beneficial
  to group edits together into a single call to write when possible.

  Calls to read*() within the context of a call to write will read from the
  written value. This written value is stored on a per-thread basis.

  NOTE: Because environment variables are per-process and not per-thread, it is
  an error to call write() from multiple threads simultaneously. If this is
  done, this function raises an exception.

  Args:
    _tmpdir (str) - an optional directory to use for the newly written
      LUCI_CONTEXT file.
    section_values (str -> value) - A mapping of section_key to the new value
      for that section. A value of None will remove that section. Non-None
      values must be of the type 'dict', and must be json serializable.

  Raises:
    MultipleLUCIContextException if called from multiple threads
    simulataneously.

  Example:
    Given a LUCI_CONTEXT of:
      {
        "swarming": {
          "secret_bytes": <bytes>
        },
        "other_service": {
          ...
        }
      }

    with write(swarming=None): ...    # deletes 'swarming'
    with write(something={...}): ...  # sets 'something' section to {...}
  """
  # If there are no edits, just pass-through
  if not section_values:
    yield
    return

  new_val = _mutate(section_values)

  global _CUR_CONTEXT
  got_lock = _WRITE_LOCK.acquire(blocking=False)
  if not got_lock:
    raise MultipleLUCIContextException()
  try:
    with _tf(new_val, workdir=_tmpdir) as name:
      try:
        old_value = _CUR_CONTEXT
        old_envvar = os.environ.get(_ENV_KEY, None)
        if six.PY2:
          os.environ[_ENV_KEY] = name.encode(sys.getfilesystemencoding())
        else:
          os.environ[_ENV_KEY] = name
        _CUR_CONTEXT = new_val
        yield
      finally:
        _CUR_CONTEXT = old_value
        if old_envvar is None:
          del os.environ[_ENV_KEY]
        else:
          os.environ[_ENV_KEY] = old_envvar
  finally:
    _WRITE_LOCK.release()

@contextlib.contextmanager
def stage(_tmpdir=None, **section_values):
  """Prepares and writes new LUCI_CONTEXT file, but doesn't replace the env var.

  This is useful when launching new process asynchronously in new LUCI_CONTEXT
  environment. In this case, modifying the environment of the current process
  (like 'write' does) may be harmful.

  Calls the body with a path to the new LUCI_CONTEXT file or None if
  'section_values' is empty (meaning, no changes have been made).
  """
  if not section_values:
    yield None
    return
  with _tf(_mutate(section_values), workdir=_tmpdir) as name:
    yield name


This entry was written by John, posted on February 14, 2012 at 8:24 pm, filed under Customer Focus, Sales Management, Sales Process and tagged business drivers, segmentation, strategy. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Post a comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.


Emergency Medical Consultants - F.A.Q.
Is this certification accepted by Ontario's Workplace Health & Safety Board (WSIB)?
Yes it is, our first aid certifying agencies are Heart & Stroke and Canadian Red Cross, they are both a WSIB agency.
I took a full Standard First Aid course last time, is there a shorter re-certification?
Under Ontario WSIB rules, there are a couple of conditions. 1. You must recertify before your current card expires.
2. It must be with the same certifying agency as your current card. That does not mean that you must take the class with the same instructor agency, like us, if you hold a Red Cross card now, the recertification must be a Red Cross course.
Do you offer blended courses?
We certainly do. Depending on the course it may be through one of the certifying agency on-line classrooms or it could be through our own on-line classroom.
All courses are paid in full at time of registration. Up to 1 week before the course you may withdraw for a full refund. Less than 1 week there is a $25.00 administration fee for cancelling. Less than 24 hours notice, we can apply your full amount towards another date.
Are there minimum numbers of students in a course?
Yes, if you are setting up your own course we require, minimum 4 students for CPR, 6 for Standard First Aid, 8 for Advanced First Aid and 10 for Wilderness First Aid.
We can, but most people find it cost prohibitive.
Is your on-line payment system secure?


text:
First Poster Arrives For 'The Three Musketeers;' Which Cast Member Is Humiliated The Most?
First Poster Arrives For 'The Three Musketeers;' Which Cast Member Is Humiliated The Most?
Currently in a tight neck-and-neck race with Roland Emmerich's "Anonymous" to be the stupidest movie of the fall, "The Three Musketeers," which sees "Resident Evil" director Paul W.S. Anderson cunningly reboot Alexandre Dumas' legendary characters for the 21st century by trying to make it look as much like "Resident Evil" as humanly possible, is looming on the release schedule. We've already seen one truly terrible trailer for the film, and now, with the film's October release date coming closer, Summit have released the first one-sheet for the film, via Yahoo.
Design wise, it's going for a "Raiders of the Lost Ark"/"Star Wars"-esque look, albeit not hand-painted, an admirable idea, but one that's not quite worked out in execution, to say the least. No one comes off well here, but we've decided to rank the humiliation levels of the principle cast members: who will be the most embarrassed when they walk past the one-sheet in a theater?
9. Juno Temple/James Corden/Til Schweiger/Freddie Fox — Because they're not on it.
8. Ray Stevenson — The "Rome" veteran is essentially replicating a pose from his short-lived time as "The Punisher," but considering his shaven head and pistol, you wouldn't tell that to his face.
7. Mads Mikkelsen — The ice-cool Dane has already survived "Clash of the Titans" unscathed, so his embarrassment threshold is pretty high, and he manages to sort of pull off the silly eyepatch he has to wear. On the down side, the poster's odd sense of proportion makes him look the same height as Milla Jovovich's shinbone.
6. Christoph Waltz – The "Inglourious Basterds" actor has an Oscar, and was the best thing in the otherwise painful "Green Hornet." Even if his Cardinal Richelieu is wearing a suit of armor over what appears to be some kind of Lady Gaga fetish outfit, he'll be fine.
5. Matthew MacFayden – The "Pride & Prejudice" star's fighting posture is distinctly less hard-man than his colleagues, looking more like a dancer than a fighter. He's also facing a different direction than his fellow cast-members, as though he was unable to resist the allure of Milla Jovovich's corset.
4. Logan Lerman – The young actor, playing D'Artagnan, actually pulls off a fairly respectable heroic posture. Or at least, he would if his sword hadn't been photoshopped in a way that makes it look like he's shining a flashlight on his crotch.
3. Milla Jovovich – On the one hand, Jovovich's partner is the film's director, Paul W.S. Anderson, so she had no choice but to appear in this. On the other, she's keeping up the "Resident Evil" vibe by looking a bit like a corpse, and is positioned in such a way that Waltz and herself look like Orlando Bloom's European-actor-themed shoulder pads.
2. Luke Evans – He might be one of the most in-demand actors around, only just missing out on "The Bourne Legacy" and "The Great Gatsby," but Unconvincing Ninja Pose + The Photoshopped Impression That He's Lit His Fart In Order To Kill A Pair Of Borrowers = hardcore embarrassment.
1. Orlando Bloom – Look at that face. Look at the way that his earring is positioned to give the impression of a Christmas decoration being hung off his moustache. Of course, if the on-set interview below is anything to go by, Bloom was Richard Harris-level drunk throughout the entire filming, so he may have no recollection of being in the film at all, saving him the humiliation.
"The Three Musketeers" lands in theaters, in look-at-how-many-swords-we-can-point-in-your-face 3D, on October 14th.
This Article is related to: Uncategorized and tagged Actors, Actresses, Christoph Waltz, Films, Juno Temple, Logan Lerman, Luke Evans, Matthew Macfadyen, Orlando Bloom, Paul W.S. Anderson, Ray Stevenson, The Three Musketeers


At a certain point, when we continue to increase the physical load and build up muscle mass, our digestive system already does not cope with processing the necessary volume of food. We can pull this threshold if we deal only with sport and recreation. But average person spends himself at work, not regularly fed, and he very soon begins to lack of vitamins, proteins and quality carbohydrates.
In this case, you can resort to food additives, which must remain supplements and not replace the qualitative food. The most widely used - PROTEIN SHAKES, carbohydrate protein shakes (GAINERS), vitamin and mineral complexes.
CREATINE, glutamine, methionine - also widespread..
Dopings (hormone therapy) stand out, they are designed to circumvent our hormonal system.
Whey, egg's and soy proteins are the most common.
- WHEY Protein is made from milk, It is easily digested and quickly raises the level of amino acids in the blood, is well suited to man. But it raises the level of protein for a short time.
The best time of taking these supplements.
- EGG protein – it is no less valuable, but it has a DELAYED action.
- SOY protein – is a herbal product. it is slightly inferior to the first two on their nutritional value.
In addition to protein, weight gainer has a lot of calories, so it helps to increase muscle size, as well as total body weight. If you are making a significant emphasis on gainers, then you can dial excess weight.
Different people have different metabolism rate, therefore, every athlete must personally select the serving size of gainer for himself.
are commercially available in large quantities and different variants. In WINTER and SPRING we are in need of extra vitamins and minerals. You should not take higher than normal specified by the manufacturer. Excessive use of vitamins can lead to ALLERGIC REACTIONS.
When GENETICS puts a barrier on a further increase in load and increase in muscle, some athletes resort to anabolic steroids (dopings).
This is a medication that significantly increase the level of male hormones - androgen. This gives a notable effect on improving athletic performance and recovery time.
Steroids are hormonal drugs and have a major impact on the major body systems. Production OWN hormones of an organism falls , or even stops. Some abnormalities may be reversible when long-term consumption of anabolic steroids.
Cessation of steroids requires a gradual dose reduction is accompanied by physiological (total wilting) and by psychological complications (severe depression, nervous breakdowns). It can last up to one year.
It is desirable to take steroids under medical supervision.


A food donation earns a $37 lift ticket at Crested Butte. Crested Butte Mountain Resort is thinking big this year and teaming up with the Crested Butte and Gunnison Food Banks for a large scale food drive to benefit the local community. This year when you bring three non-perishable, non-expired food items to the mountain on specified dates, you will receive a voucher for a $37 lift ticket to Crested Butte. The voucher must be used on the same day as it was received.
"As a company we value our local community and are always looking for ways to be supportive, and give back. We thought that providing food for both the Gunnison and Crested Butte food pantries was a great way for us to help, from the CBMR family," says Crested Butte Mountain Resort President, Ethan Mueller.
This community service venture allows guests to ski at amazing rates, while supporting a great cause. It's a win-win for skiers, snowboarders, Crested Butte Mountain Resort and the local community. There will be two food drives of this kind this season. The first is to be held on Dec 6, 2015 and the second is scheduled for February 28, 2016. Bring your items to the Adventure Center between 8am and noon to receive your voucher and have a great day on the slopes, knowing that you did a good deed!


There is nothing else I can say about November's reading performance other than calling it shambolic. I barely read anything because I was away for half of the month and was very involved in winning NaNoWriMo. I loved writing and the time I was using for other things and ended up devoting to NaNo allowed me to finish 53,000+ words of a comtemporary work in progress, but it came at such a cost. I really want to embrace reading again this month because I love it so much and there are so many stories I really want to shift through. I really need to get a move on and think about things I really want to finish, and not only that, but reignite my love for reading, because last month I only read one book which didn't really mean I even had enough to do a wrap post about!!
So with that in mind, I am going to try and focus a little bit more on reading and blogging this month, as well as enjoying the Christmas period thoroughly, who's with me? There is another Magical Readathon this month that is all about preparing for a Magical feast and it couldn't have come at a better time quite frankly! I also have a reasonably large amount of. time off this month for Christmas, which I am looking forward to immensely and should give me more than enough time to get some reading done.
I loved the first issue of this comic and the second issue dropped on the mat in November, so I'm excited to get round it reading it, ideally before I forget the first one.
I've been reading this illustrated version for months because it's not very portable and a little cumbersome to physically read. I don't want to carry this current read into next year.
I'm a bit of a sucker for a pirate book right now and had been eyeing this one up. Emma bought it me for my birthday and I know I'm gonna want to read it asap.
I started this a while ago and her though I love her and the story, I wasn't in the right frame of mind to read a physical book.
I have somehow escaped all spoilers for this book and really need it to stay this way until I read this.
I was granted this e-ARC by Bonnier Zaffre, and because I have no chill about books published by them and I am enjoying a lot of fluffy contemporaryat the moment, I had to put this straight on my list.
It's the first December since I have owned my own copy of this book and it's one I really want to read, I've put it on my list because it's the only time of year I can reasonably read it.
What are you reading this December?
I really want to read The Best Christmas Pagent Ever. I've tried to read A Christmas Carol the past couple years and can never end up finishing it. Congrats on wining NaNo!!
Just came across your TBR list and wanted to let you know I host a monthly TBR lineup over at neverenoughnovels.com! It happens the first Wednesday, so it goes up tomorrow if you want to join!
I'm hoping for a copy of the illustrated HP books for Christmas 🙂 Hope you enjoy yours!
They're brilliant if you get them, it's a completely different reading experience and as close as it's possible to get to re-reading them for the first time.
Thanks for letting me know, I'll check it out!


text:
When the Green Woods Laugh
Woman's Own
Larkin Family Novels
available as ebook
London: Michael Joseph, 1960;
Boston, Toronto: Little Brown and Company (an Atlantic Monthly Press Book), 1961 (with the title Hark, Hark, The Lark!).
Serialized in Woman's Own (4 weekly parts, July 1960, the first part appearing in the issue dated "week ending July 9," the second in the issue "ending" July 16, and assumedly the remaining parts in the issues ending July 23 and 30).
Publicized as completing the trilogy of the Larkin family (which however grew to a series of five novels), this book both celebrates the Larkin love of the English countryside and pokes fun at urban myths about country life. William Blake's "Laughing Song" in Songs of Innocence is quoted at the front of the volume and provides the book's title. Pop Larkin's womanizing, or more precisely his disinterest in the viper-like Corinne Perigo, brings him legal trouble, which he naturally escapes. The novel ends, as did its predecessors, in a grand party, this time to christen a garish new swimming pool and to celebrate Mariette's pregnancy.
The New Statesman finds the book lacking: "Mr. Bates, sketching out the old bucolic vulgarities — peanut pate and manure, promiscuity and thick gravy, Schiaparelli bath oil and the blue-tiled outdoor swimming pool — baffles me. If he's joking, then he's stale; if he's deep, he's too oblique." Similarly the Spectator says "if the remaining prophecies of Brave New World are ever fulfilled, the authorities should now know where to go for their soma: Mr. Bates at 12s. 6d. a time." The Times Literary Supplement says "to anyone who respected Mr. Bates's talent as a serious novelist or his spontaneous Uncle Silas humour, the Larkin interlude is disturbing and sad—a crude travesty of the whole pastoral tradition. The New York Times instead protested the completion of the series: "Like Wodehouse's Jeeves, Bates' Larkins must continue in their own delightful milieu—in this case the Kentish countryside."
Books and Bookmen (August 1960, p. 35, Ian Norrie, attached)
New Statesman (July 23, 1960, p. 132, Paul West, attached)
New York Times (February 5, 1961, p. BR4, Beverly Grunwald, attached)
Spectator (July 22, 1960, p. 141, John Coleman, attached)
Times Literary Supplement (July 29, 1960, p. 477, Marigold Johnson, attached)
Blackwoods Magazine (December, 1960, p. 582, attached)
Daily Telegraph (July 22, 1960, p. 16, Kenneth Young, attached)
Sunday Times (July 17, 1960, p. 26, J.D. Scott, attached)
A90 New Statesman
A90 New York Times
A90 Blackwoods Magazine
A90 Sunday Times
A90 Daily Telegraph


text:
FIFA U-20 World Cup Poland 2019
23 May - 15 June
Veteran broadcaster Helm offers insights and career highlights
John Helm saw the emergence of Saviola, Messi and Pogba
Legendary British journalist has covered over 5,500 games
Why he will never use the word 'tragedy' when calling a game
Broadcaster John Helm has witnessed countless goals, victories, defeats and plenty of drama while commentating at major finals, as well as a tragedy that still haunts him to this day. A veteran of over 5,500 games, the commentator spoke to FIFA.com about the FIFA U-20 World Cup in Poland and his career.
"I'll have been covering football for 60 years in September; I started out as a journalist in 1959," Helm told FIFA.com. "What's amazing is that I still have the same enthusiasm I had when I started. If you compare my first day on the job with today, that sense of satisfaction is the same!"
Helm has covered ten FIFA World Cups, as well as numerous international tournaments including youth and women's competitions.
The John Helm fact file
Born: 8 July 1942, Yorkshire, England
Started working as a journalist in 1959
Covered 10 FIFA World Cups
Enjoyed long career at the BBC
Worked for FIFA on major tournaments
Commentated on FIFA U-20 World Cup since 2001
"It's great I've had the opportunity to cover Poland 2019 because the level of football has been very good," he said. "In my opinion, we've seen more stand-out team performances than pieces of individual brilliance – apart from [Erling Haland]'s nine goals against Honduras. There have also been some surprises; a good Argentinian side are out and France are, too. Mali and Senegal have shown real promise, as have New Zealand.
"I have lots of memories when it comes to the U-20 World Cup. I started covering the competition in 2001 in Argentina; Javier Saviola broke onto the scene and scored a record number of goals. I also saw the emergence of Leo Messi at the 2005 edition in the Netherlands, as well as Pogba in 2013."
Helm has worked on a multitude of events, not just junior tournaments: "I've commentated on more than 5,500 matches during my career. Which one was the best? I'd single out two. One is Brazil versus Italy at the 1982 FIFA World Cup. What a game that was! Rossi scored a hat-trick as the Italians upset the Brazilians 3-2.
"Nobody probably remembers my other pick, but I'll never forget it. It was at the FIFA U-17 World Cup in Finland. Portugal were up against Cameroon and needed just a draw to qualify. They led 5-0 at one point, but the African side pulled it back to 5-5 in injury time. If the final whistle hadn't blown, Cameroon would have got a sixth. I'm not kidding you! I've never seen anything like it."
The commentator has witnessed many remarkable events over the years, including some that brought tears to his eyes. In 1985, Helm was commentating on a Bradford City match – a team close to his heart as he was born and raised in the area. A fire broke out during the match and claimed the lives of 56 people.
"I knew lots of the victims personally," said Helm. "It was extremely traumatic for me; it still sends shivers down my spine when I talk about it. That's why I'll never describe a goalkeeping or defensive mistake or a missed penalty as a tragedy. Because a tragedy is when someone loses their life, and I saw that with my own eyes. We need to keep things in perspective."
Although the legendary journalist has travelled the world for many years and is hardly at home, there have been no issues when it comes to family as his wife also leads a busy life. She does charity work in Gambia, so John is able to balance his family life with his passion for the job.
When asked about the best player he has seen, Helm's response is somewhat surprising.
"Even Sir Alex Ferguson agrees with me on this one and I always tend to give this answer: Welshman John Charles was one of the best players of his era when he went over to Italy," he said. "He played for Juventus and moved there for £65,000, which was a record transfer fee back in 1957. What a player he was!
"He couldn't play in Wales' match against Brazil at the 1958 World Cup because of an injury. Even Pele said that if Charles had played, then Wales would've become world champions. I've also seen the emergence of many stars. Diego Maradona has to be up there, as does Leo Messi."
The 76-year-old Helm is still full of vigour and passion, and he will be covering the Poland 2019 final in Lodz. Maybe he'll utter the name of yet another future star.
Jisol: This is what makes football amazing
Ecuador and Korea Republic take last semi-final berths
Poland 2019: Quarter-finals review
Cifuentes: I never gave up on my dream


Students from Year 10 received a talk from Sandy Canavan a Circuit Judge, Snaresbrook Crown Court. Sandy explained to students about her own educational experiences and career within the British legal system. Students were able to ask questions about the criminal justice system and take a closer look at the wig and gown worn by a UK Judge.


text:
8677/The math of magic
The math of magic
Lobby - GIRL Headquarters
Viv & Val catch up at G.I.R.L and talk about science, magic, family & very briefly about dating.
Valeria Richards, Vivian Vision
Valeria seems to run on her own schedule, based primarily upon when the caffeine in her system runs out, interstellar and universal time zones, and supply deliveries. Sometimes she's at home at Four Freedoms, but today she's made her way back to the labs at G.I.R.L. to pick up on a project that she's not one hundred percent sure her parents would approve of.
In leggings and an oversized t-shirt, with her hair in a lazy braid over one shoulder, she's got an iced latte in one hand as she makes her way into the building. "Anybody home?" she calls out, giving the place a look around.
Vivian Vision has posed:
While Viv isn't quite all seeing and all knowing she does have most of the G.I.R.L campus under at least idle observation. Just enough awareness to flag up an intruder, offer help to someone requesting it or in this case just to know when to say hi.
Not with her voice though. That's what the intercom is for. "Good day Valeria. I'm currently running some simulations based on the data from the recent space ship tests. You are welcome to join me if you would like."
There's an accompanying bleep of an SMS message with the lab ID and, if required, the directions.
"Yeah? Sure, sounds like a good start." Valeria makes her way over to the indicated lab, taking a sip of her latte as she comes inside. "Hey Viv," she greets cheerily, raising the cup in salute. One of the many nice things about Vivian being Vivian is that Val doesn't particularly need to feel guilty about not bringing any extra coffees.
"How're the numbers looking?" she asks.
Indeed Vivian doesn't need sleep let alone coffee. Besides if she really wanted some she could wirelessly activate any coffee machine in the building! Or just simulate the effect. "They seem adequate. Clearly there are things we can still improve, but currently I am not seeing anything more than incremental performance changes. Slight shifts to better balance life support and power systems. Things which seem to be taking more wear than expected and will need replacing. Experiments might find more suitable materials but it's hard to say."
She turns and gives a little wave of greeting.
"I imagine more dedicated specialists will be able to pick out things that didn't occur to me though. But then that is why I'll be making all of my formatted datasets available for everyone involved to examine."
"See Viv, that's what I like about you. You understand the importance of tracking the data." From someone else it might sound like a joke, but from Valeria...it's high praise.
She comes over to get a look at the data herself, lips pursing as she makes a few calculations. "I wonder if there's a way we could convert energy from anything striking the ship or any shields into power //for// the ship," she muses. "You know. For longer trips."
Vivian Vision laughs. "Well, in a way everything is data."
The synthezoid teenager chews her lip for a moment, then adds "With the use of vibranium in some of the ship parts that's not outside the realm of possibility. Still I think we'd be better served having point defense lasers to stop objects striking us in the first place."
Her glowing yellow eyes blink. "That being said it couldn't hurt to have redundancy in our defensive systems." And finally she shrugs. "I do apologise for being rude, I have not yet taken the time to ask if you are doing well and if there is a reason for your visit!"
"Nah, it's cool," Valeria replies, looking over with a crooked smile and a shrug. "Pretty much how I'm used to things anyhow. Building spaceships is //way// more interesting than how I'm doing."
She drops into a chair, letting it wheel back across the floor a couple of feet before giving it a spin. "I just wanted to play around with some of the different materials here," she admits, head tipped back to look up at the ceiling. "I've been trying to perfect a few designs. You know, just...so I'm not stuck in the ship while everyone else does the cool stuff."
"Any materials in particular?" Vivian wonders. "I suppose vibranium is tricky to get hold of even with your family connections?" A portion of her mind idly does an inventory of all the weird and wonderful substances G.I.R.L has in storage. At least the ones she's cleared to know about anyway. "I had idly thought about constructing myself a synthezoid pet dog."
"But then I got very involved in my study of Human culture via the medium of art. I've been sketching people to try flex my artistic skills. It's harder than it seems."
"Vibranium's an option, maybe. More here than at home," Valeria admits, straightening up and giving her chair another idle spin. "Not that we couldn't, probably, I just don't want to overstep. And here it's at least already, you know. Here. For testing purposes."
Restless, she stands up only sit cross-legged and backwards on the chair, her arms folded over the back. "I've been trying to a while to get some sort of shield generator, something that works kind of like Mom's powers. And I //had// been working with sound, so you know, the vibranium would theoretically be a good material match."
She folds out one hand. "But now I'm kind of thinking about hard-light generation, which is a completely different direction, of course."
Vivian Vision nods in agreement. "I can offer what information I have regarding regular holographic generation. But I expect the hardware aspect would not really be beyond what you already have designs for."
There's a slight grin. "The software for creating holographic systems that can mimic your surroundings and hide you from danger on the other hand..." It is after all something Viv does all the time. As easy as breathing.
"You do want to combine sound systems into a holographic system. There's no point creating an image based disguise if it doesn't sound convincing."
"I...was thinking less of the invisible part and more of the force part," Valeria admits, smile crooked. "Invisible's not too hard. Even the military's got at least rudimentary stealth tech." And if the military can do it obviously anyone can!
"But it's a new idea," she shrugs. "I want to try some new things. Different things." Tilting her head, she considers the other girl. "Can you keep a secret?"
"I am able to encrypt my memories so even I am unaware of them unless certain conditions are met," Vivian notes, idly disabling all the monitoring devices within the lab with a thought. "Is it a technical secret or a personal one?"
"I would note that not getting shot is often preferable to withstanding an attack. So keeping the 'invisible' option open would be sensible."
"Slightly less urgent than that," Valeria replies with a laugh, holding two fingers about an inch apart. "Just, you know. Maybe don't tell anyone else. I don't want a bunc hof people knowing or taking it the wrong way or...whatever."
She drops her chin onto one fist, blue eyes serious. "I want to learn more about magic. I think...I think there's more science to it than the magic people want to admit. I think it's a new frontier. I think maybe a new way of looking at things..." She trails off, looking down at her hands as she gestures to the air between them. "I think there might be other answers out there."
Vivian Vision blinks a few times. "You know... I think my Great Aunt Nadia has mused things along those lines before," she eventually states. "Likely while we were visiting Themyscira. Perhaps the two of you could engage some of the more magical Titans for some controlled testing."
Not that testing on Terry is likely to yield consistent results!
"For a moment there I thought you were going to confess that you'd met another 'bad boy' that you liked."
Valeria snorts, though there's something of a laugh in the sound as well. "First of all, 'bad' is a relative term," she grins. "Second of all, I'm kind of avoiding getting into that sort of thing for a little bit. I let-"
She pauses, smile fading into a thoughtful expression. "I wasn't fair to him because I was mixing up personal feelings for him with other feelings I was having toward my family, and it made things complicated in a way they didn't have to be if I'd just approached all of it rationally in the first place."
"Is that a complicated way of saying you dated someone your parents wouldn't approve of just to annoy them?" Vivian muses, then there's a very telegraphed wink to indicate she's teasing. "Now that I think about it I have never even talked about dating with my father. We do not really interact that often. Between all the superhero teams we're in, his overseas work and my boarding school schedule it only really leaves time for long distance communications."
"Yeah, pretty much," Valeria agrees ruefully. "Except it wasn't //just// to annoy them, and I wasn't honest with myself about that to start, which made it keep getting more complicated."
She tilts her head, considering. "I feel like there's probably less to worry about for you dating. At least as far as the things my mom worries about goes. You're probably not going to get pregnant or catch any STDs. Do you and your dad talk about boyfriends and feelings and stuff?"
"Oh. I am not really... you know... interested in boys," Viv admits awkwardly. "But no we rarely talk about anything. I submit the occasional school permission slip but other than that... No not really. I probably see Janet, Doctor Pym or Great Aunt Nadia more often. And when I need personal advice I sometimes turn to some of the Titans."
Valeria quirks a brow slightly at Viv's first statement, though she doesn't push. "That..." She starts, then stops herself, choosing a different tack instead. "How do you feel about that? Your dad, I mean. The Titans are a whole different thing."
"I've always been fully capable of living independently," Viv points out. "And with my organic family members, friends and teammates around I've never felt lonely. I don't know that I feel much of anything about the situation. It simply is what it is."
She sits back on the chair she was working from earlier.
"As for the Titans. Some I like more than others. But that is largely to be expected from any large group."
"I've pretty much always done everything with my dad," Valeria admits, folding her arms over the back of the chair again and resting her chin on them. She lets one leg fall to the side, just enough to let her chair twist from one side to the other. "I don't know who I'd be if I hadn't. But I guess...as long as you have someone."
"The Titans are a whole different thing," she admits, smile quirking again. "I don't think I've got room to call anyone else 'cheesy' given my personal family history."
Vivian Vision nods. "I have plenty of people to speak with. And that is not even counting that I can duplicate my personality thousands of times to discuss matters and review research materials. Online searches are especially good for many personal issues although in most cases citation is needed."
She blushes slightly.
"And as you are aware the Avengers do monitor my online activity. So certain search terms are not... you know... an option. No-one would wish Captain America to stumble upon web searches regarding personal matters."
"Hold up!" Valeria sits up straighter, brows rising. "Like...//all// of your online activity? That's nuts, Viv. Even my parents don't monitor all my online stuff." Or at least if they do they've had the sense not to tip her off about it.
A slow smile starts to spread. "I bet we could find a workaround. You know, in the interest of freedome of information, of course. Captain America can't be against freedom."
"It's really intended to stop me breaking the global financial system or getting taken over by Ultron," Vivian says casually. It is after all a situation that she's used to already. "AI don't actually have any legal rights in the US. Functionally I'm classified as the property of Janet van Dyne."
Of course given how many AI the FF have come up with this is probably not news to Valeria.
"I can work around it by simply typing manually into a computer like a Human would. It just slows me down and gives typical cyber security measures a fighting chance."
"Unless you did it at my place." Valeria grins, arching a brow. "Look, I'm just saying if there's stuff you want to look into and you don't want to have to explain it to Captain freaking America, I think Four Freedoms can probably give their measures a run for their money, and if anyone asks, then it was my search."
She shrugs, wheeling her chair back over to the monitors to reclaim her latte and take a drink. "In the meantime though, I wanted to look at some of our anamalous readings. I want data before I go digging into where magic meets science."
Vivian Vision giggles.
"Thank you for the offer," she replies. "Although that could result in some awkward conversations with your parents if they /do/ monitoring your online activity still."
Her brow furrows for a moment, then another SMS arrives on Valeria's phone. "I've uploaded links to every recorded incident I've been involved in that contained magic or associated phenomenon. Tagged based on the type and source of magic when known." The list includes suspected demon summoning, Amazon magic, Atlantean magic, mythical creatures (including vampires) and all sorts of other strange encounters. Or as they're called in the FF. Just another typical Tuesday morning.
"There is quite a lot to get through. So I'll leave you to your study, but if I can be of any help in the future please let me know!"
"Will do," Valeria promises, already leaning forward to get to the scrolling. "Same goes for you," she adds with a grin over her shoulder. "I think after the whole 'bad boy' thing we've at least readjusted the bar for where concern starts." She winks, then turns back to the monitors, searching for truth.
Retrieved from "https://heroesassemble.mushhaven.com/index.php?title=8677/The_math_of_magic&oldid=13470"


Friday the 15th of February saw thousands of kids across the UK and Europe skip school in a strategic attempt to gain government attention over climate change. From all corners of Britain, kids marched across towns and cities and rallied in front of parliament in effort to gain control over their future.
The UK Student Climate Network, which helped organised some of the biggest protests across the UK inspired by Thunberg, has four key demands for parliament to meet.
With climate issues such as melting glaciers, rising temperatures and increasing sea levels becoming more apparent, it easy to see where the frustration in the younger generation lies. The lack of action from governments over the past decades has allowed for inefficient and unenforced climate laws resulting in worsening conditions.
Last summer many places around the globe broke temperature records including the UK, Sweden, USA. Last Friday's strikes could be a pioneering moment in the push back against such issues, as school kids risk their education for the environment.
The strike was met with a spectrum of responses from teachers, politicians and educational leaders across the UK. One of the most prominent voices among them was a spokesperson for the British Prime Minster, Theresa May, who criticised the movement for its disruption to education and lesson time. They argued that it was more crucial than ever for children to be in school to produce professionals that can help tackle the global crisis. In agreement with Mrs May, The National Association of Head Teachers said that children's education comes first and supporting the movement did not excuse missing school.
The hashtag went viral and began to trend on Friday, inviting a global online conversation. It clearly struck a heartstring with many users, as they were quick to defend the protestors. It was made prominent that some schools had even supported their pupils and parents in refraining from punishing those who had written consent from guardians to join in.
The wave of negative comments, especially those from parliament members, seems perplexing for many online. The argument against skipping class for fear of loss of lessons seemed ironic as children have taken it upon themselves to do the teaching. Their practise of peaceful protest, organised collectivism and public demand for change is the very essence of democracy that Britain has so proudly build itself on. Their very participation in this movement shows learning and understand of citizen values that seem to be lost within the current curriculum, so much so that these lessons must be learnt outside of school.
The fact that many protestors are school children seem to be a detail that condemners have clung to in aid of their argument that 'they just want to skip school.' It seems to be overlooked that their place as a pupil is what's so astounding about this strike. Children who have yet to have jobs, independence or real responsibility are more conscious and passionate about the state of their planet than those who are paid to do so.
It is inspiring to see such courageous, young people come together to stand for their beliefs. But it forebodes a sad future when those elected to lead and govern us have so clearly fallen short that children must take the responsibility of the planet onto their shoulders.


text:
Mustangs play Bryan
Second round playoff game
Jarred Steinke, StaffNovember 21, 2014
More stories from Jarred Steinke
According to legend George Jones, the 'race' is on.
At least for the Mustangs' rise to the top in Texas's Division I High School Football.
Defeating Houston Madison was not an easy win with odds working against the Mustangs. On paper, the Marlins appeared to be bigger and stronger. That was until the game started.
After a long bus ride, a sudden change in the weather and a smaller than usual cheering section, which did not diminish despite the bitterly and unusual cold temperatures.
The next stop for the Mustangs will be in Waller Friday night in the Regional Semi round against the Bryan Vikings.
"I think it's gonna be close. We are facing a good team. We are in the playoffs so they have to be good," junior Chase Pitts stated.
And so begins another push for the Mustangs to go past the third round for this football season.
"It will be a close game because the Vikings coach has taught Coach Bell's dad, so there is a friendly rivalry," Pitt stated.
Tyler Ferre, junior, was impressive against the Marlins when 12 out of 14 passes where completed for a total of 329 yards. Ferre is credited with two touchdowns and even with the cold, he kept interceptions down to one.
Damarren Mitchell, junior, crossed the goal line within the first six minutes of the game to come out on top six points and with Stevie Damrel, senior, completing his kick to add the pat to the score.
Aaron Thomas, junior, playing for the Mustang's as a running back, had 42 carries for a total 207 yards.
Scott Polmanteer, senior, had 5 catches for 169 yards, one touchdown and three of his receptions were for more than 40 yards.
"It's gonna be close," senior Scott Polmanteer stated.
When our offense is on target, the Mustangs are unbeatable. With minimal team injuries the Mustangs are in fact virtually young team where juniors make up the majority Varsity.
When asked who she thought was going to win tonight, junior Madison Washington stated," Us, Duh! We gon' win."
Looks can be deceiving and Magnolia West appears a much better team than record books indicate.
Scoring nearly 50 points in the majority of scheduled games, the Mustangs are head in talent with the clock working against us in the Houston Madison game.
The stats for Bryan indicate Magnolia West will be facing a decent team.
"The Vikings have simple plays – but they are good at it. We are more experienced, that is our advantage," senior Erwin Castellanos stated.
Magnolia West and Bryan will meet at Waller Athletic Stadium Friday, November 21st at 7:00.
And based on past performances, this should be an evenly matched game for both teams.


Massively parallel processors are in the mood today. We had small parallel processors with a few cores and the ability to launch serevral threads on one core, we have now many cores on one processor and at the other end of the spectrum, we have GPUs. CPUs vendors are now going in this direction with Larabee and Fusion, and GPUs will still have more cores/threads/… It's thus mandatory to understand this shift now.


text:
Lucy's Psychologies Magazine article – March 2020
I was approached by Psychologies Magazine to be the featured "Ask the expert" in the March 2020 edition. This marks a professional milestones for me. I did not think I would ever feature in a publication. Writing is not something I thought I was good at. Yes, imposter syndrome is alive and well in a successful coach! In response to the invitation I think I replied "yes, of course, but surely you have asked lots of other people too?" It is a genuine thrill to see it in shops and know I am featured in it!
I put off writing the article. Why put myself through the pain of doing something you believe you can't do? But, I am learning to recognise the voice of my inner critic. When I hear it I chose not to hear "I am not good enough" or "thanks but no thanks" and "everyone will think it is terrible". If I let my inner critic win I wouldn't be helping someone in need. I wouldn't feel the joy and pride it gives me to face my fears.
In reality, my writing is good enough and, if it isn't, the great team at Psychologies are on hand to help. I wouldn't be failing if it is not published. Instead it would be a fantastic learning opportunity. And, as for validation and approval, there is only one person that can do that and that is me.
The response to my feature has been fantastic. It has spurred me on to write more on a number of different issues. It may not come "naturally" to me but I am happy to practice the art, to share my expertise and help others.
Don't Forget To Look Up
Prevention Better Than A Cure!
Banishing Your Inner Critic Workshop
Why Don't Zebra's Get Ulcers?
5 Top Tips To Make Your Dream A Reality
TAKE THE FIRST STEP TO CREATING THE CHANGE THAT YOU NEED…
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text:
WDPA
This assessment covers almost all countries
The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is a joint project of UNEP and IUCN, produced by UNEP-WCMC and the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA). The overall goal for the World Database on Protected Areas is to provide the most comprehensive and authoritative global dataset on national parks and protected areas that answers key questions about sustainable development informing decision makers and policy makers.
The WDPA includes the "UN List of Protected Areas" mandated by the UN Economic and Social Council (res. 713 XXVII 1959) to be compiled from officially delegated national authorities on protected areas. In addition to the UN List mandate, the WDPA is specifically mentioned in many decisions and recommendations of the CBD and IUCN, and also serves to fulfil an even longer list of mandates on protected areas, ecosystem services and biodiversity protection as the recognized authoritative source of comprehensive information on the global protected areas network. To know more about the WDPA purpose:
http://www.wdpa.org/FAQ.aspx#ctl00_MainContent_Faq1
http://www.unep-wcmc.org/world-database-on-protected-areas-wdpa_76.html
This is one of the six priority IUCN Knowledge Products as identified in the 2013-2016 IUCN Programme which was adopted by IUCN members in the 2012 World Conservation Congress, and is available here:
http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/WCC-5th-003.pdf
Since 1981 UNEP-WCMC, through its Protected Areas Programme, has been compiling this information and making it available to the global community. The WDPA is a joint project of UNEP and IUCN, produced by UNEP-WCMC and the IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas working with governments and collaborating NGOs.
To know more about the WDPA content visit: http://www.unep-wcmc.org/world-database-on-protected-areas-wdpa-data-standards_966.html http://www.wdpa.org/FAQ.aspx#ctl00_MainContent_Faq1
Dryland
The World Database on Protected Areas is regularly updated.
The Protected Planet Report 2012 reviews progress towards the achievement of the protected area targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Building on the work of the CBD-mandated Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP), the report includes a set of indicators of protected area coverage, representativeness, effectiveness, management and governance.
Protected Planet report produced by UNEP-WCMC in cooperation with IUCN and other partners, is available here:
http://www.unep-wcmc.org/ppr2012_903.html
Protected Planet wesbite is the public face of the WDPA:
http://protectedplanet.net/
Data are accesible for non comercial use through the protected planet website:
The World Database on Protected Areas is a foundation dataset for conservation decision making. It contains crucial information from national governments, non-governmental organizations, academic institutions, international biodiversity convention secretariats and many others. It is used for ecological gap analysis, environmental impact analysis and is increasingly used for private sector decision-making.
The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) is used to calculate the protected area coverage indicator which is one of the formally agreed indicators to monitor progress towards CDB's Aichi Biodiversity Target 11. Protected area coverage is not only a global indicator but can also be calculated for regions and nations provided that there are sufficient data available. Coverage of protected areas is for example used by the European Environment Agency as an indicator to track progress towards the European 2010 biodiversity target in European countries.
http://www.cbd.int/protected-old/needs.shtml


text:
Richard D. Shelby
CENP-A is phosphorylated by Aurora B kinase and plays an unexpected role in completion of cytokinesis
Samantha G. Zeitlin, Richard D. Shelby, Kevin F. Sullivan
Aurora B is a mitotic protein kinase that phosphorylates histone H3, behaves as a chromosomal passenger protein, and functions in cytokinesis. We investigated a role for Aurora B with respect to human centromere protein A (CENP-A), a centromeric histone H3 homologue. Aurora B concentrates at centromeres in early G2, associates with histone H3 and centromeres at the times when histone H3 and CENP-A are phosphorylated, and phosphorylates histone H3 and CENP-A in vitro at a similar target serine residue. Dominant negative phosphorylation site mutants of CENP-A result in a delay at the terminal stage of cytokinesis (cell separation). The only molecular defects detected in analysis of 22 chromosomal, spindle, and regulatory proteins were disruptions in localization of inner centromere protein (INCENP), Aurora B, and a putative partner phosphatase, PP1γ1. Our data support a model where CENP-A phosphorylation is involved in regulating Aurora B, INCENP, and PP1γ1 targeting within the cell. These experiments identify an unexpected role for the kinetochore in regulation of cytokinesis.
Chromatin Assembly at Kinetochores Is Uncoupled from DNA Replication
Richard D. Shelby, Karine Monier, Kevin F. Sullivan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.151.5.1113
The specification of metazoan centromeres does not depend strictly on centromeric DNA sequences, but also requires epigenetic factors. The mechanistic basis for establishing a centromeric "state" on the DNA remains unclear. In this work, we have directly examined replication timing of the prekinetochore domain of human chromosomes. Kinetochores were labeled by expression of epitope-tagged CENP-A, which stably marks prekinetochore domains in human cells. By immunoprecipitating CENP-A mononucleosomes from synchronized cells pulsed with [ 3 H]thymidine we demonstrate that CENP-A–associated DNA is replicated in mid-to-late S phase. Cytological analysis of DNA replication further demonstrated that centromeres replicate asynchronously in parallel with numerous other genomic regions. In contrast, quantitative Western blot analysis demonstrates that CENP-A protein synthesis occurs later, in G2. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy and transient transfection in the presence of aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, show that CENP-A can assemble into centromeres in the absence of DNA replication. Thus, unlike most genomic chromatin, histone synthesis and assembly are uncoupled from DNA replication at the kinetochore. Uncoupling DNA replication from CENP-A synthesis suggests that regulated chromatin assembly or remodeling could play a role in epigenetic centromere propagation.
Assembly of CENP-A into Centromeric Chromatin Requires a Cooperative Array of Nucleosomal DNA Contact Sites
Richard D. Shelby, Omid Vafa, Kevin F. Sullivan
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.136.3.501
We investigated the requirements for targeting the centromeric histone H3 homologue CENP-A for assembly at centromeres in human cells by transfection of epitope-tagged CENP-A derivatives into HeLa cells. Centromeric targeting is driven solely by the conserved histone fold domain of CENP-A. Using the crystal structure of histone H3 as a guide, a series of CENPA/histone H3 chimeras was constructed to test the role of discrete structural elements of the histone fold domain. Three elements were identified that are necessary for efficient targeting to centromeres. Two correspond to contact sites between histone H3 and nucleosomal DNA. The third maps to a homotypic H3–H3 interaction site important for assembly of the (H3/H4) 2 heterotetramer. Immunoprecipitation confirms that CENP-A self-associates in vivo. In addition, targeting requires that CENP-A expression is uncoupled from histone H3 synthesis during S phase. CENP-A mRNA accumulates later in the cell cycle than histone H3, peaking in G2. Isolation of the gene for human CENP-A revealed a regulatory motif in the promoter region that directs the late S/G2 expression of other cell cycle–dependent transcripts such as cdc2, cdc25C, and cyclin A. Our data suggest a mechanism for molecular recognition of centromeric DNA at the nucleosomal level mediated by a cooperative series of differentiated CENP-A–DNA contact sites arrayed across the surface of a CENP-A nucleosome and a distinctive assembly pathway occurring late in the cell cycle.