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Illinois church service leads to near trampling
On behalf of The Law Offices of Goldfine & Bowles, P.C. posted in Premises Liability on Friday, May 10, 2013.
Illinois readers likely know about the doctrine of separation of church and state. Thanks to the First Amendment, religious establishments are not subject to censorship from government officials. Yet that freedom of expression may not extend to crowd control.
A personal injury at a recent church service in East St. Louis, Illinois gave rise to a lawsuit seeking $50,000 in compensation. The plaintiff had been a congregant at the service. The woman claimed that the church did not take adequate safety precautions, such as staffing enough ushers, to protect church members from the gesturing of other congregants.
In the woman's case, she claimed that a churchgoer fell backwards, which caused several other members to fall on top of he woman. The woman's lawsuit alleged injuries to her upper torso, head and neck. The church responded to the complaint with a motion to dismiss, claiming that the free exercise clause of the U.S. Constitution protected its manner of worship.
The parties eventually settled. However, the story serves as a good reminder that property owners might be expected take reasonable safety precautions, especially where accidents are foreseeable. In this case, the woman was not challenging the church's religious practices, but rather claiming that it was negligent in its safety planning.
Adequate precautions can take many forms. In this case, it might have been staffing more ushers. In other contexts, it may mean hiring enough security guards to keep patrons or property safe. Perhaps an establishment simply needs to ensure that walking surfaces are smooth, accessible and allow enough room to avoid injuries or potential slip and fall accidents.
Source: madisonrecord.com, "Continuance requested in personal injury trial against ESL church," Christina Stueve Hodges, April 25, 2013
Tags: accident, compensation, injuries, property owner
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Download LibraryPFLAG2018-10-15T02:32:11+00:00
Be Not Afraid Help Is on The Way. Straight for Equality in Faith Communities
PFLAG National
Be Yourself: Questions and Answers for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Questioning Youth
Faith in our Families: Parents, Families, and Friends Talk About Faith, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Just As They Are: Protecting Our Children From The Harms Of Conversion Therapy
National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR) and the Human Rights Campaign (HRC)
Our Children: Questions and Answers for families of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Gener-Expansiv amd Queer Youth and Adults
Your Family is Not Alone: Break the Silence and Strengthen Your Family
Greg Pilling & Abby Maisonave
Helping Families Support Their Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Children
BY CAITLIN RYAN, Ph.D., A.C.S.W.
Director, Family Acceptance Project™ – San Francisco State University
PFLAG FAQ's
12 Things Every Gender Nonconforming Child Wants You To Know
PFLAG Jersey Shore
Faith in Our Families. Parents, Families and Friends Talk About Religion and Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity
LGBTQ Terminology
Questions and Answers for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, & Transgender People…and their Family and Friends
Wipe Out Homophobia/Transphobia
Transgender Related Information
My Child is Transgender: Ten Tips for Parents of Adult Trans Children
Matt Kailey, 2012
OMG! My Child (May Be) Transgender! Beginning Tips for Parents of Transgender Children
Seth Jamison Rainess
Survival Tips For Trans Youth. Transgender Rights Toolkit: A Legal Guide For Trans People And Their Advocates
Lambda Legal
Trans Terminology
Our Trans Loved Ones: Questions and Answers for Parents, Families, and Friends of People Who Are Transgender and Gender Expansive
Gender Confirming/GRS Surgeon List & Resources for Preparing for Surgery
Callen-Lorde
One Voice Can Change the World: The PFLAG National Policy Guide and Advocacy Toolkit
PFLAG National, 2016-2017 Edition
Tips for Allies of Transgender People
Adapted from MIT's "Action Tips for Allies of Transgender People"
Guide to Being a Trans Ally
Schools & Education Systems
The 2015 National School Climate Survey: Executive Summary. The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer In Our Nation's Schools
GLSEN, 2016
Claim Your Rights: Bullying, Harassment, and Discrimination of LGBT Students Should Be Reported
PFLAG National & GLSEN
Cultivating Respect: Safe Schools for All. The Top 10 Ways to Make Schools Safer for All Children
Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results From the 2013 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey
U.S. Department of Education: Web Tables, 2015

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Home Columnist Ighalo could become a Manchester United cult hero
Ighalo could become a Manchester United cult hero
With Anthony Martial misses Manchester United's Europa League Match against LASK, the Nigerian could be Crucial for Ole Gunnar Solskjaer.
When Odion Ighalo's name began filtering on January transfer deadline day – with only a couple hours before the window closed – many questioned what Manchester United were thinking.
Former professionals and pundits slammed the decision to make the prior Watford striker on loan before the end of the year and debated why a 30-year-old, who hadn't played a minute of soccer for almost eight months and was plying his trade in China because of 2017, was making a move to Old Trafford.
The move was viewed within the club as a essential move that made sense to attempt to fill the void left by Marcus Rashford, who's sidelined with a back injury, as United attempt to secure a top-four place in the Premier League and advancement in the cup competitions. The thinking was that a fixed-rate loan movement represented great value for a participant with Premier League experience and the forwards is already demonstrating his worth.
With seven appearances, including two starts, and three goals, the on-loan centre forward has already had an impact. Those fans who were unsure about the coming of the prior Nigeria international will have been heartened by his conduct both on and off the pitch.
It's been no secret that Ighalo is a lifelong enthusiast. He celebrated on the touchline during United's league triumph over Chelsea last month, as Harry Maguire's header doubled the lead to secure an important three points, and further endeared himself to the United loyal in addition to his manager. The Norwegian has talked about the mindset of his players and the value of 'getting it' and there can be no doubt that Ighalo has that spark Solskjaer is later.
He made a seven-minute cameo at United's Manchester derby victory at Old Trafford on Sunday but he left an immediate impression with two recoveries, over 83 percent passing precision and a smart flick that led to Scott McTominay's goal. He was strong, determined and his work rate was imperious. If his previous six appearances hadn't justified the deadline day move those couple of minutes vindicated why United were correct to create that last-minute loan deal with Shanghai Greenland Shenhua.
Solskjaer has already spoken about the possibility of earning Ighalo's move a permanent one but the forward has the chance to guarantee cult hero standing before his loan spell ends in the summer.
With Anthony Martial ruled from this Europa League last 16 first-leg clash against side LASK on Thursday night – with all the knock he picked up when he slipped into the article against Manchester City on Sunday – it might pave the way for Ighalo's third start. He's managed three goals on his past two starts against Club Brugge and Derby and will be itching to add to his tally in Linz.
United enter the two-legged knockout tie as favourites but it will not be a simple job despite Solskjaer's side now being in fine shape and on a 10-game unbeaten run, their longest since the ex-striker first took the reins. LASK sit six points clear at the peak of the Austrian Bundesliga and have surrendered only 11 goals in all competitions this season.
United are the side but have to be written if they are to have an advantage back to Old Trafford for the second leg next week and Ighalo could be crucial to that. In the group stage game against AZ in October, another game United were heavily backed to win, they failed to muster a shot on goal. Things have improved since then but that drab night will act as a reminder to Solskjaer and his team going into Thursday night's fixture.
Ighalo has shown composure in front of goal that has been lacking during that group stage match. Against Derby, on his next start for the club, he was clinical. Four shots, three on goal and two goals. Any striker in any league in the world would take that attack rate.
His work ethic and enthusiasm to be successful in addition to his nature and club allegiance have made Ighalo a firm favourite for lovers. But if he could prove to be instrumental in the last few games of the year's Europa League campaign and helped secure Champions League football for next season, the striker, who was able to spend his lunch money watching United, could write himself into the history books once and for all.
Previous articlePogba set for return next week
Next article"Man Utd is the prize for Ighalo's hard work" – Patrick Bastianelli, his agent
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer provides team news update ahead of Chelsea contest
Fast start required if Manchester United are to qualify for Champions League
'Should not consider a move for now' – Ex Man-Utd player is against the youngster from joining Utd
'Should not consider a move for now' – Ex Man-Utd player...
Columnist May 18, 2020
"Man Utd is the prize for Ighalo's hard work" – Patrick...
Columnist March 17, 2020
United pushing to become force once again under OGS
Analysis August 5, 2020
"Henderson's time at Manchester United will come" – Paul Ince


When you start to search for a new car insurance policy, you will soon realize that there are a multitude of companies in Gaastra, MI to choose from. Many people believe that they can only get good rates from well-known national companies, but there are actually many other businesses that do not do have a national advertising that can actually offer exceptional rates. Of course, you do need to verify the authenticity of each company that you find as they may not have the best overall rating. However, if you are able to use websites that can connect you with different companies that have already been verified, you simply need to choose one of them that will offer you the lowest price. Here are a few of the cheap car insurance online tips that you can use when searching for your coverage in Michigan, regardless of the type of vehicle that you drive or how much coverage you actually need.
Most people will start their research on the Internet, searching for individual car insurance providers, helping to get one that will offer them a much lower rate. There search could be prompted by an increase in their car insurance premiums from their existing company as a result of a claim that they filed recently. If this is the case, you can begin to get individual quotes from each of the businesses that you find to see which one can save you the most money. However, this could be a very time-consuming process, so the following cheap vehicle insurance tips will help you streamline your search for the best coverage the lowest possible price in Iron county.
The following cheap car insurance online tips are probably ones that you have heard of before, but you may not have used. These strategies are not secret. They have been utilized by people for decades in order to get the best premiums on their auto insurance policies. The Internet has changed many things when it comes to finding cheaper rates for any type of insurance in Gaastra, Michigan that you may have. It gives you instant access to a multitude of companies that you may not have known about, businesses that can literally save you hundreds of dollars in premiums every month. The goal is to take your time and make sure that you are looking at every possible option. You can actually use multiple tips simultaneously. The goal is to do everything that you can to lower your premiums, especially if they have recently gone up, so that you can have more money to spend on yourself or your family.
These are just a few of the many strategies that you can use when you are looking for cheap car insurance online. Your best bet is to utilize online services that can submit your request for a quote to multiple companies, and use one of the many that send their quote to you. As mentioned earlier, some of these businesses may not advertise heavily so you may not have heard of them before. You can always verify the authenticity of an insurance company by checking the Better Business Bureau, and if they check out, this is a great way to save hundreds or thousands of dollars every year on your auto insurance premiums. Hopefully these cheapest automobile insurance online tips will lead you to the best possible insurance provider that can give you the best coverage at the lowest possible rates in Gaastra, MI.
Automobile insurance coverage is needed by state regulation for all motorists to have. This is privileged for motorists, as automobile insurance gives coverage for any costs that may result from vehicle accidents. There are many providers for car insurance policies and if you would like guidance that will aid you decide on the correct a single, then go through this write-up.
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You ought to make each and every hard work at maintaining your drivers license clear. You can spend much more on insurance policies if you have tickets and incidents on your document. If you can't avoid an accident or a driving quotation, appear into going to site visitors college to clean up your report and reduce your insurance coverage.
One of the greatest techniques to get excellent discounts on automobile insurance policy is to talk to an individual in person or at the very least on the mobile phone. Insurance policy is automated and quite effortless to get on the internet, but really talking with an individual permits for the back again-and-forth Q "�n' A session that may possibly introduce you to some special discounts you did not previously know about.
You can help save money on your auto insurance if you are in a place to drop collision protection. You may think about undertaking so if your automobile is paid off and if you have enough in cost savings to include the car's replacement value. The price of more mature cars drops dramatically, and if you happen to be prepared to just take on some out-of-pocket risk, you can save on your rates.
As you can see from the over record of guidelines, purchasing automobile insurance coverage is extremely important for guarding your automobile. Right after pursuing these tips, you will no longer be new to getting car insurance coverage, but you will grow to be able to make decisions in regards to getting a coverage with greater protection for your automobile.


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Driller (video game)
Driller (oil)
Offshore (novel)
Offshore (hydrocarbons)
Driller may refer to:
Driller (oil), the oil rig occupation
Driller (video game), video game
The Driller, a giant Cybertronian worm-like creature controlled by Shockwave in Transformers: Dark of the Moon
Drilling and threading
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Driller
Driller (also known as Space Station Oblivion in the United States) is a 1987 puzzle video game. It was written by British developers Major Developments and published by Incentive Software for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, Commodore Amiga, Atari ST and DOS. The game was notable for its early 3D game engine, Freescape.
The game requires the player to maneuver the excavation probe, through a first-person view, through eighteen regions (in the shape of a rhombicuboctahedron) of the moon Mitral, and place a drilling rig in each of them to allow a minimum of 50% of the gas to escape. The position is established by a mixture of clues from the landscape (including an "X marks the spot" in the first zone) and trial and error. The security systems will attack Lesleigh upon sight, and he must disable or avoid them by any means possible. Only a few can be destroyed by shooting, the rest must be dispatched by mechanical means through switches or similar.
The eighteen regions are actually platforms above the true surface of Mitral; the excavation probe cannot fly or hover (although it can rise and lower itself slightly on hydraulics), and moving off a platform causes the player to fall onto the surface, where he is marooned. However, in one area the player can find a garage containing a hovering vehicle that can be used to explore and attack security systems, though not to place drilling rigs.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Driller_(video_game)
The driller is a team leader in charge during the process of well drilling. The term is commonly used in the context of an oil well drilling rig.
The driller is in charge of the crew, and running the rig itself. Most of the time, his or her job is simply to monitor the rig's activity, while the automatic driller runs the breaks and drills the hole. The driller is responsible for interpreting the signals the well gives regarding gas and fluids with high pressure. In an emergency he is also responsible for taking the correct counter measures to stop an uncontrolled well control situation from emerging. The driller will watch for gas levels coming out of the hole, how much drilling mud is going in, and other information. While tripping, the driller will run the floor and work the rig.
In the context of an offshore oil platform, the driller will be the one in charge of real time decisions. According to and, the hierarchy on an oil platform correspond to the timescale of which the sections operate. The automatic drilling equipment work on the timescale of seconds and both reports to and gets its orders from the driller, who operates on a timescale of several seconds to hours. The person will report and gets his or her orders from those planning the current drilling operation, on a timescale of days and weeks. The chain extends to those who are in charge of managing the whole oil field, on a timescale of decades.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Driller_(oil)
Offshore may refer to:
Finance and law
Offshoring, active movement of companies to offshore centers
Offshore financial centre, jurisdictions which transact financial business with non-residents
Offshore investment, relates to the wider financial services industry in offshore centers
Offshore bank, relates to the banking industry in offshore centers
Offshore Stock Broker, relates to stock brokers in offshore centers
Offshore fund, collective investment in offshore centers
Offshore trust, trust arranged in offshore jurisdiction
Offshore drilling, discovery and development of oil and gas resources which lie underwater through drilling a well
Offshore construction, construction out at sea
Offshore powerboat racing, powerboat racing
Offshore hosting, server
Offshore wind power, wind power in a body of water
Offshore (novel), a 1979 British novel by Penelope Fitzgerald
"Offshore" (song), a 1996 song by British electronic dance music act Chicane
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Offshore
Offshore (1979) is a novel by Penelope Fitzgerald. It won the Booker Prize for that year. It recalls her time spent on boats on the Thames in Battersea. The novel explores the liminality of people who do not belong to the land or the sea, but are somewhere in between. The epigraph, "che mena il vento, e che batte la pioggia, e che s'incontran con si aspre lingue" ("whom the wind drives, or whom the rain beats, or those who clash with such bitter tongues") comes from Canto XI of Dante's Inferno.
List of Characters and Their Boats (in order)
Richard Blake, husband, aged 39
Laura Blake, wife, also known as Lollie
Harry, Maurice's acquaintance, who uses the boat for his own purposes but does not live on board
Nenna James, mother
Martha James, Nenna's teenage daughter.
Tilda (Matilda) James, Nenna's younger daughter, who is six years old
Edward James, estranged father and husband, who visits the boat only once
Stripey (the cat)
Willis, painter, widower, 65 years old
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Offshore_(novel)
"Offshore", when used relative to hydrocarbons, refers to an oil, natural gas or condensate field that is under the sea, or to activities or operations carried out in relation to such a field. There are various types of platform used in the development of offshore oil and gas fields, and subsea facilities.
Offshore exploration is performed with floating drilling units.
Petroleum industry glossary from Saipem Spa.
Petroleum industry glossary from Anson Ltd
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Offshore_(hydrocarbons)


This year we have had one student in particular who has excelled above all expectations, this student is Azaria – Charm Hadley-Marcer.
As a reward for her hard work and effort, Shaftsbury Young People -The Keresley Centre presented Azaria - Charm with an engraved 'Mechanics Toolbox' to aid her Mechanics Apprenticeship that she starts in September 2017.
Throughout the year Azaria - Charm achieved BTEC Hair and Beauty, Level 3 Mechanics, BTEC Art and Design, GCSE Vehicle Studies, GCSE Core Subject Exams in English, Maths, Science and RE.
Azaria stated that she had enjoyed school, loved working with the teachers, experienced lots of laughs and that the centre had done a lot for her.
On this presentation day - Azaria – Charm was also presented with her Level one Hair and Beauty qualification.
We at Keresley are all extremely proud and wish her all the very best for the future.


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Iceland's Pirates Propose 10 Random People Get To Address Parliament Directly Each Month — The Reykjavik Grapevine
Iceland's Pirates Propose 10 Random People Get To Address Parliament Directly Each Month
Andie Fontaine
Art Bicnick
Pirate Party members of Parliament have submitted a new bill that proposes an interesting experiment in direct democracy.
The bill, co-signed by every MP for the party, proposes that ten people on the voter registry be chosen at random each month. These ten would then be permitted to address Parliament directly on any particular issue Parliament is discussing, with a maximum speaking time of two minutes. Further regulations would be decided by the Prime Minister's committee. If passed, the bill as a new law would go into effect on the first of September 2019.
As the bill points out, there is no precedent for this proposal in any other Nordic country.
The language of the bill clarifies that citizens—the only people who can vote in parliamentary elections—would not be permitted to submit actual legislation. Rather, they would simply be allowed to give a two-minute speech to Parliament, during a parliamentary session, although only elected members of Parliament would be allowed to cast votes on legislation on this day, as always.
"The co-signed believe that with the approval of this bill, Parliament will be a guiding light in the development of democracy and public participation in politics," the bill concludes.
The bill has only just been entered Parliament, and will need to go through committee hearings before a final vote is taken.
Next: Gender Wage Gap In Iceland Difficult To Measure
Previous: Magma Possibly Growing Under Öræfajökull
Feasting On Summer At Mat Bar
VIDEO: Life Of A Hiking Tour Guide In Iceland


2013 - Gorilla Radio is dedicated to social justice, the environment, community, and providing a forum for people and issues not covered in the corporate media.
Welcome to GR's annual year-end show. We'll leave the regular weekly format to feature the year's news highlights and low. Mostly though, the idea is to bring some of the years most interesting stories, and more importantly its non-stories, those conveniently forgotten or undelivered by the state and corporate media nexus. We will too tonight feature a veritable musical melange along with the expected compendium of mine own bloviations. Sadly, we'll miss Janine Bandcroft's weekly contribution, as she's in transit even now.
As holiday commemorations are all about tradition, I'll continue ours. And of course, the longest tradition of all around here is the contributions made to the show over these many long years by Victoria Street Newz publisher, and CFUV Radio broadcaster in her own right, Janine Bandcroft who will, that stars being rightly aligned, join us at the bottom of the hour.
But first, friend Ini Kamoze…Take it, Ini!
Could I be there, I would mark on the cave walls with my charcoal stick the date: March 11th, 2010. The day Fukushima blew.
More than a thousand days since the disaster in Japan, four of Fukushima's Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant reactors are wrecked, with three melting down. The plant is today spewing poison radiation into the atmosphere and Pacific Ocean, and so far nobody knows how to stop it.
In fact, Pacific Rim governments have remained unnaturally quiet about the disaster, refusing to either monitor radiation levels, or report findings, (if they have them) to their respective populations.
Mimi German is an Oregon-based citizen activist with the grassroots group No Nukes Northwest, and founder of Radcast.org. Because the government won't move to provide information she deems essential for public health and safety, a network of monitoring stations to keep an eye on radiation levels from California to Alaska has been formed; and, they've have hooked up with like-minded activists farther afield too.
Mimi German in the first half.
And; Dr. Helen Caldicott is a physician, author, and lecturer, who has for more than thirty years studied, written, and campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons and their derivatives, delivering impassioned speeches and making imprecations to both the suited and unsuitable politicians and power-brokers overseeing the precarious atomic tinderbox reality of our modern lives. Dr. Caldicott's book titles include: 'If You Love This Planet,' 'Nuclear Power Is Not the Answer,'The New Nuclear Danger,' 'Depleted Uranium: Metal of Dishonour,' and 'If You Love This Planet: A Plan to Heal the Earth.' Caldicott was in California recently to attend the premier of Lawrence Johnston's new documentary film, 'Fallout,' on the making of the Hollywood film based on Neville Shute's seminal book, 'On the Beach,' a tale nuclear apocalypse and humanity's last survivors. I spoke to Helen from her home, and setting of Shute's book, Melbourne, Australia a few weeks ago.
Dr. Helen Caldicott on the beach fifty years later in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will join us at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with some of what's good to do in and around our city, and beyond too, in the coming week. But first, Mimi German and what's on our beaches?
America's Secretary of Defense visited Afghanistan over the weekend. Chuck Hagel expressed confidence in the prospects of Afghanistan's parliament signing an agreement with the Superpower to allow its troops stay in the country past the announced 2014 withdrawal. Current president, Hamid Karzai is less accommodating, and was himself last week busy shoring up a cooperation pact with neighbouring Iran. While Afghanistan's ongoing geopolitical intrigues may make for interesting reading and lively conversation amongst international elites cocooned in their rarefied confines, how much difference these deals and rumours of deals will make to the precarious lives led by the country's long-suffering citizens is where the real debate should be taking place.
Kathy Kelly is a long-time peace and social justice activist who has lived with and been a witness to the suffering and struggles of people brutalized by war and the business of greed from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Palestine, to Central America, Haiti and at home in the United States. She is the recipient of numerous awards for her peace service, including three nominations for the Nobel Peace prize, and has been convicted and spent time in prison for her refusal to allow America's war-making go unchallenged.
Kelly is a co-founder of Voice in the Wilderness and Voices for Creative Nonviolences; has written too many essays and articles to relate, and is the author of the book, 'Other Lands Have Dreams: from Baghdad to Pekin Prison.' Kathy's currently on the road again, at home in the USA this time, presenting the 'Duvet Project,' a local Afghani initiative supplying desperately needed winter comfort to the poorest there, while providing women a chance at a living wage.
And; this Friday, Victoria's Norway House welcomes the seemingly constant-traveller and troubador, David Rovics. Victoria is just one stop on his swing through the Northwest, taking him from home-base Oregon to Seattle, up-island in Tofino, and across the water to Vancouver; this before a planned tour of Ireland in the New Year. Life on the road is nothing new to Rovics; from busking Boston's subways to travelling the country and the world as a "professional flat-picking rabble-rouser", David is the musical voice of his volatile times, and ours. In that time, he's shared impromptu stages at the many Occupy Movement manifestations, and played with just about everyone on the left who can sing on key, (and more than a few who can't). He's also a prolific songwriter, publishing and offering up free his catalogue of more than 200 tunes from his website, DavidRovics.com, and is a regularly featured essayist for the premier progressive online publication, CounterPunch.org.
David Rovics, making revolution irresistible in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher, and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will join us at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with some of what's good to do in and around the city, and beyond too, in the coming week. But first, Kathy Kelly and the horizons and hopes for a change coming.
Last week, BC Energy Minister, Bill Bennett promised a 28% rise in BCHydro electricity rates, to be phased in over the next five years. The news was received badly by many of those who will be forced to come up with the extra cash, especially large, energy intensive businesses operating in the province.
What Bennett didn't explain however is just why the rates must rise.
Gross, and criminal, mismanagement of the utility over the last decade and more through a series of schemes, including so-called Run-of-River hydro power projects has seen the public utility buying power through independent power production, or IPP's for much more than they can sell that power on the open market; that, and the billion dollar Smart Meter boondoggle, means BCHydro is in tough, and there's only one way to make good the shortfall.
Though sold to the public as "clean" energy, the Run-of-Rivers, known locally as "ruin of rivers," is hardly environmentally benign, but the discovery of an unexpected new player in the IPP damming game has ignited renewed controversy in the province's Heartland.
Gerald Amos is a past Chief Councilor for the Haisla First Nation, serving for 12 years, and has been a leading voice for conservation for more than thirty years. He's also served as Chief Negotiator for the Haisla Treaty Negotiating Team, and was elected to the First Nations summit Task Force, playing a major role in the development of the BC Treaty Commission. Amos is too a founding member of Ecotrust Canada and a former member of the BC Human Rights Advisory Commission and the Provincial Parks Legacy Panel.
Gerald Amos in the first half.
And; last week, Honduras held national elections. The poll was seen as a chance to rectify the 2009 coup d'etat that saw President Manuel "Mel" Zelaya removed through a conspiracy of the country's landed gentry and the military. Xiomara Castro's newly-formed Libre Party ran second to the ruling Junta's National Party on a platform of restoration of the nation's democracy and a rejection of draconian neo-liberal economic "reforms" imposed since 2009. More than merely political, the election is personal for Castro, the wife of ousted President Zelaya, and she and her party have called foul, claiming the results were rigged.
Dawn Paley is a Vancouver-based freelance journalist whose work has been published in the Guardian, Globe and Mail, and Vancouver Sun among others. Her work also features online at the Dominion, CounterPunch, and the The Tyee. Paley's recent work has focused on extractive industries and organized crime activities throughout the Americas, her reports being filed from Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, and Northeast Mexico. She was in Honduras last week, checking out the election campaigns and apparent results. Dawn Paley and democracy's fragile foothold in Honduras denied twice? in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will join us at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with some of what's good to do in and around our city's streets and beyond in the coming week. But first, Gerald Amos and a dam too far planned for the Clore.
They've SUCCEEDED in turning back the trucks day after day for weeks despite arrests and injunctions. Soon the ground will freeze and the fracking exploration season will be over. For now, they are asking all of us who want to defend land and water to stand up with them tomorrow (Monday).
Eva Bartlett has spent much of the past seven years writing from the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip and doing human rights accompaniment with the International Solidarity Movement. She has reported for Inter Press Services, Global Research, Russia Today and her blog In Gaza, among others. In November 2008 she sailed with the Free Gaza Movement to Gaza, reporting during the 2008-2009 Israeli attacks on Gaza and later during the November 2012 Israeli attacks on Gaza.
To say Gaza City and the Gaza Strip, that thin slice of remnant Palestine walled on three sides by Israel and Egypt, patrolled with deadly seriousness from the sea, and whose airspace is entirely controlled by Israel's air force, is in crisis is labouring the obvious.
Targeted by a ruthless campaign of managed starvation by Israel, the so-called "Gaza Diet" has ensured an entire generation of children will be stunted physically and intellectually, while deliberate and repeated attacks by Israel's military guarantee emotional trauma.
But, things in Gaza have taken a dramatic turn for the worse since political turmoil in neighbouring Egypt closed the Rafah border, and the military Junta there began a program of systematic destruction of the tunnels that had supplied Gaza with the necessities of life Israel's illegal embargo routinely denies.
Eva Bartlett landed in Gaza with one of the only Gaza Boats able to break Israel's blockade in 2008. She stayed on with the International Solidarity Movement, or ISM, as an accompanier in time to suffer the horrific Cast Lead bombardment, and to bear witness daily to Gazans' tribulations in their homes and streets, in the farmers' fields, and on the fishers' boats, subject to the caprices of Israel's naval forces. Eva will be speaking here this Wednesday November 27th at the University of Victoria as part of 'Gaza in Crisis: Eyewitness Reports'.
Eva Bartlett in the first half.
And; Oak Bay council recently decided to launch an "experimental" deer culling program aimed at "controlling" urban deer. Predictably, the decision is controversial, and one group opposed to the scheme held demonstrations in Oak Bay over the weekend. DeerSafeVictoria says the cull plan is cruel, and will ultimately prove ineffective. I went down to the demonstration to talk to some of the people involved. Deer hunting behind the tweed curtain in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will join us at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with some of what's good to do in and around our city's streets, and beyond too.
DeerSafe will be holding a rally in Oak Bay on Saturday, November 23 at 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm. We will meet at the corner of Oak Bay Ave. and Foul Bay Rd. at noon, on the grass at the "Welcome to Oak Bay" sign, and from there we will walk to city hall along Oak Bay Ave.
Some signs will be provided, but please bring a sign with your heartfelt sentiments about the violence that is planned for inconvenient deer. Bring your antlers and invite your friends too. The rally will be light-hearted enough to bring our children to. I'm inviting my grandchildren, so nothing graphic, please.
But today, in 2013, we're beginning to realize the "madness" is not in the use of these horrific weapons of total destruction alone, but in the very existence of nuclear programmes, regardless of their stated purpose or beneficial application.
Caldicott was in California recently to attend the premier of Lawrence Johnston's new documentary film, 'Fallout,' on the making of the Hollywood film based on Neville Shute's seminal book, 'On the Beach,' a tale nuclear apocalypse and humanity's last surviving in her hometown of Melbourne, Australia.
Helen Caldicott live from Melbourne in the first half.
And; this week marks the fiftieth anniversary of the assassination of JFK. The November issue of the Victoria Street Newz is marking that milestone with the first installment of an extensive, three part article written by long-time student of the Kennedy's killing and its aftermath, Gordon Pollard. Pollard is a former journalist and teacher who holds a Masters degree in History from Columbia University in New York City and Bachelors in History and English from the University of Victoria.
Gordon Pollard and the day that really changed everything in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will join us at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with some of what's good to do in and around our city. But first, Dr. Helen Caldicott and a nuclear peril undiminished.
Happy Armistice Day! Today is of course the day named to celebrate the end of a terrible war. It is now a day to remember not only the millions killed during The Great War ended in 1918, but the many more millions killed in wars since.
Before it was numbered, that war was billed as "the war to end all wars," but ending wars and War is, as our recent history attests, not anywhere as simple as beginning, or continuing them.
We here in Canada, and those in the other nations who joined America's invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, have been given several dates for the cessation of hostilities there – the latest promising an end sometime in 2014; but even if true this time, as one of my first guest's book titles reminds: War is not over when it's over.
Ann Jones in the first half.
And; nearly seven months after the Boston Marathon bombing few are aware of the efforts still being made by the FBI, ostensibly to uncover possible accomplices, especially amongst a group of emigres from Russia's Chechen region. One such investigation culminated in the death in custody of Ibragim Todashev, who was allegedly killed during a solo interrogation by an FBI agent. The circumstance of Todashev's final conversation is still a mystery, and the FBI seems determined it should remain that way.
Dave Lindorff is an award-winning investigative reporter, long-time muckraker, and founder of the online news site, ThisCan'tBeHappening.net. His writing regularly appears online at Counterpunch.org, and he's now collaborating with one of America's preeminent online investigative journalism sites, WhoWhatWhy. Dave's work has also appeared in mainstream interests like BusinessWeek, the Nation, Extra! and Rolling Stone magazine.
Lindorff is author of the books, 'This Can't Be Happening! Resisting the Disintegration of American Democracy,' 'Marketplace Medicine: The Rise of the For Profit Hospital Chains,' 'Killing Time: An Investigation into the Death Row Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal,' and 'The Case for Impeachment: Legal Arguments for Removing President George W. Bush' co-authored with Barbara Olshansky. Dave is also now .
Dave Lindorff and the FBI harassment of friends, and friends of friends in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will join us at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with some of what's going on on our city's streets and beyond. But first, Ann Jones and the soldier's return.
Went down to the annual commemoration of Armistice Day at the MacKenzie-Papineau Battalion memorial statue. The Mac-Paps were the Canadian volunteers who defied their government by going overseas to defend the Spanish Republic from Franco's fascists. This year saw more than a hundred people come out, (the largest turnout this reporter can remember). There was some drama, with participants in the official Remembrance Day military pageant across the street on the lawns of the Legislature Buildings taking exception to the "noise" made by the small PA set-up.
Why do war, social inequality, environmental degradation, human and non-human animal suffering, and rampant disease plague us? Are these horrors we witness daily merely the normal state of things, something endemically human and immutable, or can we do something to fundamentally change the state of life on this planet?
It's not a new question; various actors and movements have tried in the past to change the course of humanity's existential paradigm, yet here we are, generation after generation fighting over the same old ground.
Gary and Yves Engler will be here in Victoria this Wednesday, November 6th to launch the book; first at 3pm in the Camosun College Landowne Campus' Paul building, and again at 7pm at Camas Books, 2620 Quadra Street, in the heart of the Quadra Village.
Gary Engler in the first half.
And; last month hundreds of thousands came out in demonstrations held in countries around the world to demonstrate their dissatisfaction with the activities of Monsanto, one of the world's biggest agro-chemical companies. Victoria was no exception, holding its second march and manifestation this year to make public opposition to Monsanto and the failure of the federal government to bring meaningful legislation for the labelling of Genetically Modified Organisms included in food products, and allowing further proliferation of Monsanto's glyphosate-based herbicide Round-Up Ready, among other of the company's environmentally poisonous products. I went down to the demonstration to get my fair share of the views.
Marching Against Monsanto for the second time in Victoria in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will join us at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with what's going on on our streets and beyond. But first, Gary Engler and a new New Commune-ist Manifesto.
As sentient beings, our lives are lived as though crossing a high wire; our progress over the abyss dependent on a long pole, where the knowledge of imminent and inescapable mortality is balanced by the hopes we hold for the future, and a clinging on to faith that there is some meaning behind the whole exercise. Thus we inch our way along life's wire, wobbling between the poles of existence as have the thousands of generations before us.
Unlike those uncountable unknowns preceding us however, we possess today a knowledge of the fragility of the World upon which our wires are strung, and the effect our lives play in bringing perhaps about Its imminent and possibly inescapable mortality.
From all quarters the World's other inhabitants are sending distress signals; warnings we clever apes seem generally unable, or unwilling to heed. But some of us are listening, and heeding the call too.
And; before the Edward Snowden leaks, few Canadians had likely ever heard of CSEC, Canada's blandly titled Communications Security Establishment Canada, or had the slightest idea of just what CSEC was up to. Thanks to the Snowden revelations, more Canadians are now aware of the country's uber spy outfit, but how many know who and what those spooks are spying upon?
It's a question the BC Civil Liberties Association wants answered, and to that end they filed a lawsuit against CSEC, saying the outfit is engaged in illegal, warrantless spying on Canadian computers and phones that is worse than what their American counterparts, the NSA are carrying out down south.
Caily DiPuma is the staff lawyer assigned to BC Civil Liberties Association's case against CSEC. Before joining the BCCLA she worked in private practice covering the areas of employment and human rights law with an emphasis on appeal work; including criminal appeals. DiPuma has also published articles on end of life decision-making, and civil procedure in B.C.'s courts.
Caily DiPuma and watching the watchers in the second half.
And; Victoria Street Newz publisher and CFUV Radio broadcaster, Janine Bandcroft will be here at the bottom of the hour to bring us up to speed with some of what's good to do in and around our city in the coming week. But first, Diana Beresford-Kroeger and savouring The Sweetness of a Simple Life.


I was almost fluent in Spanish when I was 19, but I lived in Germany for about 6 months. So though I learned some German, I did lose some of my Spanish speaking skills. My accent is still almost perfect.
BIG! Haha I love how you can travel so far without needing a passport.
I've always been very supportive of other females. I grew up with boys and didn't have a lot of close girlfriends growing up, only about 2 close girlfriends. So I enjoy making girlfriends and building each other up. Woman can be so territorial it seems and is somewhat rare to find another woman who isn't wary of other females when they first meet. I try to be the latter.
I am very persistent about chasing my dreams. So much so, that I actually achieved my dreams only a couple years ago. I am one of the lucky few in this world who can say that they've made it. But the coolest part about it, is that my dream was persued mostly by men. So, to say that I was able to get my dream job that thousands of men wish they had, makes me feel extremely blessed.
Happiness and success, to me, is being able to look yourself in the mirror and be proud of the person you are looking at. No one hates you more than your reflection, so if you can get pass that, happiness and success will follow.
A body in motion tends to stay in motion. I stay as active as I can to keep healthy. Daily vitamins are a huge factor as well.And as far as beauty goes, I feel the less makeup you can wear on a daily basis, the better. That way, when you actually put in an effort for a good makeup job, people can see the difference. If you look and dress like you are about to walk down a red carpet every day, then the red carpet event doesn't seem as special.
Get dirty! It is extremely satisfying completing a blue collar job that is usually done by a man. It lifts your self-worth and puts to rest any some insecurities you may have.
I go play in the garage. Accomplishing something helps bring my spirits up. Or, if I haven't taken my dogs on a recent hike, I do that. There's nothing like being in the company of happy dogs, whether they're yours or not. I have a friend who comes over to hang out with our dogs, even if we are not home.
If you win the Miss Megaverse crown, what message would you spread and the goals you´d have for your year of reign?
My new goals in life are to show woman what they are capable of, while still being cute and feminine. And in turn, my theory is that men will see that just because a woman wears heels and makeup, doesn't mean she is the typical trophy most people see them as. When I first started out as a mechanic, some of the guys thought that I was a lesbian, and woman who saw me in heels, thought I was just doing it for attention.


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Available on indies only grey vinyl.
A visceral vortex of animalistic rage and extreme sonic brilliance, Head Cage is a true work of extreme metal art, that with the addition of a bass player, is hands down their most dynamic and heaviest recording to date. Across twelve tracks, PIG DESTROYER weave together harrowing tales of philosophical dualities, touching on mortality and depression, fear and violence, and the darkest complexities of the human condition.


text:
Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus (Epidaurus - Greece)
In a small valley in the Peloponnesus, the shrine of Asklepios, the god of medicine, developed out of a much earlier cult of Apollo (Maleatas), during the 6th century BC at the latest, as the official cult of the city state of Epidaurus.
Its principal monuments, particularly the temple of Asklepios, the Tholos and the Theatre - considered one of the purest masterpieces of Greek architecture – date from the 4th century.
The vast site, with its temples and hospital buildings devoted to its healing gods, provides valuable insight into the healing cults of Greek and Roman times.
The five most beautiful wallpapers and pictures of Asklepios in Greece.
http://fieggentrio.blogspot.nl/
Labels: Greece
Locatie: Epidavrou Tripolis, Epidavros 210 52, Griekenland
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Wat Ounalom (Phnom Penh - Cambodia)
Historic Centre of São Luís (Brazil)
Blue peacock
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Vredefort Dome (South Africa)
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Have you heard? There's a school board election coming up next month—time to start paying attention.
The results are in and the people have spoken.
This year's camp guide includes more than 85 camps.
Periodically, the Front Porch publishes guides to local resources from sports teams to music teachers to craft breweries. View our latest, sports teams and churches, here.


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Date: 24th February 2019
Warm and sunny weather conditions are ideal for drone flying, particularly in the winter months when the vegetation is low. From the 1849 OS map we know Clarke's wagonroad crossed Ormskirk road at Oldham's Farm where it changes direction towards Abraham Guest High School (now Dean Trust) before passing Hienz's factory on its way down to the River Douglas. This area of Lamberhead Green is soon to be transformed by the construction of the M58 Link Road which will bypass it to the south. The road will pass many metres to the north of the Pingot site and therefore will not affect it.
Area affected by M58 Link Road with Monument Unique ID references
The exception however is the remains of the lime kiln at the bottom of Brook Lane (MGM5614 – GM HER 4667.1.0), which could well be destroyed when the lane is re-routed. Its existence has been noted in the planning application so hopefully provision will be made for its recording. The wagonroad appears to go behind the present day Arches Lodge and follow the fence line. The owner has kindly offered to allow us to look for evidence in his back garden. This is an offer we may take up if the opportunity arises.
This weekend, at short notice, we managed to arrange a field trip to the Pingot site (apologies to those I didn't manage to contact). We had planned to do this visit at the end of last year but an opportunity never seemed to present itself. Our June Newsletter (No. 174), set out our aims here, which was to find evidence for the Arches viaduct. This structure once carried the Clarkes wagon road over the Pingot valley and was taken down some time in the late 19th century. Our previous survey had enabled us to produce an accurate drawing which we could combine with the old maps. From this we have been able to predict the likely position of the structure's piers. However our visit in May last year, proved that effective work here could only be achieved when the vegetation was low (i.e. Autumn or early Spring). With time running out this year, we were determined to press on with this project, despite the predicted bad weather. The rain however couldn't dampen our enthusiasm, as we could see that the reduced vegetation would give us the best chance of acquiring our sight lines through the undergrowth. It still took a certain amount of pruning before we managed to get a line of ranging poles on the predicted alignment. By studying the maps we could see that the best place to look for surviving pier footings would be at the south end near to the current railway line, as there didn't seem to be any later development in this area. After some more selective pruning, we could detect a low mound at the right location. Just beyond the railway fence line we spotted this metal object (not sure what it is but got us quite exited for a while as its upturned shape had our imaginations running riot). Probing in this area showed that there was something at about a spade's depth. However we realised that only an excavation could settle the matter. The land is owned by Tim Bankes who also owns the Winstanley estate but it is not certain whether he would give his permission. Whilst on site we decided to have a look at the foot bridge over the railway which is locate behind Duke's Barn, the farm next to the current road bridge. According to Donald Anderson (The Orrell Coalfield), it was originally part of the viaduct, constructed in 1848 when the Liverpool Bury line was put through. When the viaduct was taken down the bridge was relocated onto its current site. It's constructed of cast iron, including the parapet, and shows two spans, although it is thought that only the span nearest the camera was used for the viaduct. The parapet is bolted on using square nuts which must testify to its antiquity (could it have been used on the viaduct itself). This later edition of the 6 inch OS map shows the viaduct still in place when the Liverpool – Bury railway line was put through in 1848. At that time it was just a single track. The iron bridge was installed to carry Clarke's wagon road over the railway at the southern end of the viaduct but it shows the foot bridge has also been built over the line. This probably means that the far span in the photo is the original foot bridge span (or even vice versa). This view from Bing Maps is looking east and shows the foot bridge (bottom of the picture) as well as the current bridge. Just the other side of it is where Clarke's wagon road crossed the railway. the maps seem to suggest it went round the back of Arches Lodge (the building on the south side of the current bridge). Donald Anderson's book shows the wagon road going straight across the field on the right. If you look closely you can see a green line where it ran. He dates his map 1818 but on the 1st edition 6 inch map the track is depicted as a tree-lined road going under a wooden bridge carrying the wagon road. The later edition 6 inch map shows it as just a field boundary and on later maps it disappears altogether.
This was our first return to the site in over twelve months. Our purpose was to see if we could find evidence for this structure, which Derek Winstanley described as the earliest viaduct in the world to have carried a steam locomotive. If this is true, it would be a very significant find indeed. Derek had said at our meeting in September that the masonry viaduct (know locally as the Arches) was built by John Clarke in 1792. Clarke, a local mine owner, want to expand mining operations onto the Winstanley Estate. According to Derek's research, there is no earlier example of a steam engine crossing a stone-built viaduct. Early maps show that viaduct was still in existence when the Liverpool Bury railway line was built in 1848 (a later edition of the 6 inch OS map has the viaduct crossing this line at it southern end). Studying later maps we also discovered that a small community lived in the Pingot Valley for many years, up until the 1950's when the last buildings were demolished. Our last site visit enabled us to complete a plane table survey of the features still visible (see Newsletter 164). From this we've been able to create a detailed drawing combined with maps from the various periods. Our only image of the viaduct is the sketch looking south east (see February 10, 2013). From it we've been able to speculate where its piers would have been located. With this information last month we ventured into the undergrowth. We began by looking at the north embankment near to where the lime kiln is located. Probing indicated that there was stonework just below the surface. However, scraping away the turf in a couple of areas, suggested that this was just loose stones (a gate on the embankment suggested a track had been built here to access the field beyond). We then decided to look at the southern section making our way through dense vegetation. Conditions were difficult (Indiana Jones springs to mind) but we did manage to get a tape across from the present day bridge to relevant area. There was no obvious stonework and probing produced nothing significant. It was felt the test-pitting would be the only option but this would require permission before proceeding. Before we left the site we were able to have another look at the area around the brook and the Pingot Well. The culvert doglegs south for some reason coming out near to where the Manor Farm was. Could there once have been a mill here? It was decided that this area had potential for further study.
Society meeting – talk by Derek Winstanley on the The Daglish/Clarke Railway. Here is a summary:
'A VERY SIGNIFICANT MILESTONE IN RAILWAY HISTORY'
The story of the Walking Horse and Clarke's Railway (by Derek Winstanley)
2013 marks the bicentennial of the first steam locomotive to operate in Lancashire and the third commercially successful one in the world – a very significant milestone in railway history. It was built by Robert Daglish at Haigh Foundry for John Clarke who was a Liverpool banker and owner of Winstanley and Orrell colliery. That locomotive was known as The Yorkshire Horse, or more accurately, The Walking Horse – and it was used to transport coal from Winstanley Hall estate to the canal at Crooke a good 16 years before Stephenson built his Rocket.
For many years in the 18th century, wooden wagonways had been used in the Wigan area to transport coal via horse-drawn wagons from the various coal fields down to the River Douglas. Wagon-loads of coal were transported in controlled descents from the Orrell coalfield, first to the Douglas Navigation in the 1770s and then to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1784. Haulage of loaded wagons uphill was to be avoided because of the excessive strain it put on the horses.
In 1792, John Clarke and hisLiverpoolpartners expanded their operations by leased land from Squire William Bankes of Winstanley Hall and started to mine coal in the estate to the south of Smithy Brook. This brook runs in a valley to the south of Pemberton separating the Winstanley estate from Orrell. The only pathway to transport coal from Winstanley down to the canal at Crooke was to cross Smithy Brook, go uphill toOrrell Road, and then descend through Kitt Green to Crooke. The only way Clarke could achieve this was to build a stone viaduct across Smithy Brook at Pingot, known as The Arches. He was then able to build a horse-powered wagonway from Winstanley to connect with Berry's earlier wagonway near Oldham's Fold on Orrell Road, which he had already purchased. It took about 14 horses to pull loaded wagons of coal from The Arches Viaduct up toOldham's Fold, a distance of about 600 yards. Due to the Napoleonic Wars, the cost of horses and horse feed was high.
In about 1804, Lord Balcarres of Haigh hired Robert Daglish as engineer at Haigh Foundry and Daglish built stationary steam engines to pump water from increasingly deep coal mines. Steam locomotives began to be developed in the early 1800s and in 1812 two steam locomotives were operated successfully ─ on the level ─ at Middleton Colliery in Leeds. About 1810, Clarke planned to expand his coal mining operations in Winstanley and needed to extend his railway to near Longshaw. At this time, he hired Robert Daglish as his colliery manager and Daglish built The Walking Horse, installed fish-belly rails on stone sleepers, and fitted a toothed driving wheel on the left side of the engine to engage with cogged rails. The age of steam locomotives had arrived in Winstanley and Orrell.
The locomotive has been described wrongly by historians as a Blenkinsop locomotive. John Blenkinsop was the manager at Middleton Colliery and he patented the rack system that provided traction for the Middleton locomotives and Daglish's locomotive. Blenkinsop did not, however, design or build the Middleton locomotives; these were built by the Leeds engine-makers and millwrights Fenton, Murray & Wood. The main reason for calling Daglish's locomotive The Yorkshire Horse appears to have been the erroneous assumption by many that Daglish simply copied the Middleton locomotives. This assertion also seems to have led many chroniclers to ignore Daglish's locomotive and perhaps explains why The Walking Horse and the Winstanley-Orrell railway have not been accorded their due places in railway history.
From careful comparison of the Middleton and Daglish's locomotives and railways, the position of The Walking Horse and Clarke's railway in early railway history can be established.
The Walking Horse was
– the first steam locomotive to be built and operate inLancashire;
– the firststeam locomotive in the world to cross a viaduct;
– the first steam locomotive in the world to work successfully for four decades;
– the first steam locomotive in the world to haul loaded wagons up a four percent incline;
– the first commercially successful steam locomotive in the world to have a wrought-iron boiler and chimney and a feed pump;
– the third commercially successful steam locomotive in the world;
– it was two tons heavier and had more horsepower (8 hp) than the first two Middleton Colliery locomotives;
– the tracks had stronger rails (4 ft, fish belly), pedestals and sleepers with chairs fixed by through bolts.
– the Arches Viaduct was the first masonry railway viaduct (c.1790s) in the world and the first viaduct in the world to carry a steam locomotive (January 1813). [Risca Viaduct opened in 1805 and Laigh Milton Viaduct in 1811.] The previous earliest date I can find for a steam locomotive possibly crossing a viaduct is 1816/7, when The Duke was set on rails of the Kilmarnock and Troon Railway, part of which crossed the masonry Laigh Milton Viaduct].
Also, Haigh Foundry was the first foundry and Robert Daglish the first engineer and colliery manager in the world to construct a steam locomotive that operated successfully for four decades. Haigh was the second foundry in the world to construct a commercially successful steam locomotive.
The Walking Horse and Clarke's railway demonstrated significant improvements in power, reliability, stability and stamina over the Middleton locomotives and railway. These and subsequent improvements in early railways led to the development of mainline railways by 1830. Robert Daglish and John Clarke surely deserve due recognition for their pioneering developments.
Derek Winstanley, 'The evolution of early railways in Winstanley, Orrell and Pemberton, Lancashire, England, 1770s to 1870s', paper presented at the 5th International Early Railways Conference, Caernarfon, June 2012 [to be published in Conference Proceedings in 2014].
Donald Anderson, The Orrell Coalfield, Lancashire 1740-1850 (Moorland Publishing Co., Buxton, 1975).
Richard Daglish, 'A YorkshireHorse', J. Railway and Canal Hist. Soc. 31(3), (1993), 123-31.
This site visit was arranged to establish what features can be recorded and select station positions for a plane table so that we can carry out a survey. Maps supplied by GMAS show that building survived on this site as late as 1955, however not much evidence of these are left on the ground (even the track leading to them could not be identified). This wall runs on the north side of the brook roughly parallel to it. On the maps, the Pingot well is marked between this and the brook. However the culvert under the track is well defined. While we were there the estate warden came to check who we were and to tell us more information about the site. His neighbour, who lives at Duke's Barn joined us and was able to add more details. Clearing the undergrowth in the area where the well is marked this large stone slab appeared. It appeared to have been moved and underneath was a deep, brick-lined sump with the sound of running water coming from it. Could this be the famous Pingot well? It's in the right place and the water, running towards the brook, is clear. A sluice on the far side of the sump looks like it could have been used to control the flow (a cast iron pipe can be seen in the bank of the brook where the water is discharged. Afterwards we set up the plane table near the entrance to the site. This, we perceived, gave us the best view of significant features which could be identified on the OS maps. The following features where then recorded: the north side of the point where the well wall meets the bridge, the culvert entrance, the centre of the culvert exit, the well wall, the west corner of the fence on the embankment. We also recorded the position of the kiln and the north edge of the road in front of it.
Web searching revealed these two images of the Arches viaduct. Judging from the 1849 OS map, the sketch is looking east with cottages on the south bank of the brook – a large building behind the viaduct which is probably Arches Farm. The well would have been on the left in front of the viaduct on the north bank. A cart is shown ready to load up with water from the well – also notice the cart on the the bridge loaded with coal from the Winstanley estate being pulled by a horse (and an empty one going back). This image, seemingly taken from the other side, is a famous composite photo showing the Yorkshire Horse (or a model of it) on the viaduct. This early steam engine, which predated Stephenson's Rocket, was built by a Scottish engineer called Robert Dalgleish who work at Haigh Foundry. What is interesting about this photo, however, is that it shows the kiln tucked away on the right hand side – also the first 3 arches seem to be walled up for some reason (it turns out that even the viaduct is probably fake).
Site visit arranged to evaluate potential for future work. After parking up at the bottom of Brook Lane we soon spotted the stone arch protruding from the embankment. It is obvious that there is not much left of the old kiln but it was our opinion that it should be at least recorded. It is also at this spot on the old map where an old colliery line is shown crossing the Pingot Valley. It was supported on a viaduct know as The Arches. This line was famous for carrying the Yorkshire Horse – a steam engine dating to the early 1800′s which transported coal from the Winstanley estate down to the River Douglas. With this in mind we entered the undergrowth on the other side of the lane to see if we could spot any remains of the viaduct in this area. There is stonework which is on the right alignment where the Smithy Brook enters a short culvert. There are also large lumps of concrete and a low wall where a well is indicated on the OS map. Census records indicate that there was a small community living here in varies cottages in the mid 19th century (nine households with a total of forty-six people listed). The Pingot Well is also said to have been the only decent supply of water in Pemberton and there was a near riot when the council closed it 1880 (more details of this was available on the Wiganman website but for some reason this website, which was extensive and quite useful, was taken down in March 2013). Our trip proved that the the site has good potential for further investigation and worth setting up a project here to see if we can identify and record some of the feature which date back at least to the late 18th century.
Date: August 04, 2011 09:57PM
Received this inquiry recently from Derek Winstanley who now lives in the US:
"I was back in Wigan in May and discovered that the remnants of the old lime kiln at the bottom of Brook Lane in Pemberton are still there. This was by the side of the Arches Viaduct that carried the Yorkshire Horse across Smithy Brook. I presume the lime kiln was built to facilitate construction of the viaduct, probably in the 1790s. Would WAS have any interest in excavating and/or preserving this?"
I hadn't heard of this before so went down there to have a look (maybe we could survey it at least).
Not much to see however – just a roughly circular mound with a hole at the top. At the top of the hole, just visible is a portion of stone arch but doesn't look particularly like a Lime Kiln (these structures are usually found in the Yorkshire Dales or Peek District where there is a good supply of Lime Stone).
It is shown as a Limekiln on the 1849 first ed 6″ OS map – and it is also recorded in the SMR as being extant in 1785 (not sure on what evidence) – the SMR also says there are no visible remains. The Pingot valley is very interesting from an industrial archaeological point of view. It would be interesting to discovery if it is really a lime kiln – the only way to find out would be to excavate (but would need to find out who it belongs to first).
21 thoughts on "Pingot Valley"
Pat Thomas on September 2, 2014 at 3:39 am said:
Hello from New Zealand
Interesting stuff on the Pingot Valley
I have an ancestor who came to NZ in 1852 and proclaimed to be a tradesman ropemaker having worked in a ropeworks factory with an address of :-
Edward Thomas & Son Ropemakers
Pingot Lane ropery, Hyde, Cheshire
It is likely he was the son of the owner another Edward Thomas.
He never made a foot of rope while he spent the rest of his life here in Christchurch NZ!
Do you have any knowledge of an early ropeworks of this name around this district? There is a suggestion it went out of business in 1863 with the cotton crisis.
Pat Thomas
Christchurch,NZ
Bill Aldridge on September 29, 2014 at 9:34 pm said:
Hi Pat – I haven't come this name before but, judging from the 1849 OS map, there were plenty rope makers in the Wigan area.
Pat Thomas on October 1, 2014 at 2:54 am said:
Thanks for having a look at this
Patrick Maoney on November 3, 2019 at 5:55 pm said:
…but a ropery in Hyde would be a good way away from Wigan. Hyde is 24 miles away as the crow flies. There is still a Pingot Lane out there, but it's beyond Hattersley, making it over 30 miles from our site, and certainly nothing to do with the Pingot Valley in Wigan.
Chairman, Wigan AS
Elaine Webster on November 25, 2014 at 9:14 pm said:
Thank you so much for publishing all this information. It has been a revelation to me. My family history researches show that a number of my relatives lived in 'The Arches, Pemberton' from the 1840s onwards and worked down the Pemberton pits, and in the mills, but I had no idea what and where The Arches were till now. I'm so delighted to discover the historical significance of Pingot's Well, the viaduct and the surrounding area. I searched a few years ago for information without luck, but I tried again, and bingo, you have shared your knowledge! I know what time and trouble it takes constructing web pages, so again a big thank you.
Bill Aldridge on January 9, 2015 at 3:21 pm said:
Thanks for the feedback – hopefully this year we will be making a return visit to the Pingot site to see if we can locate the position of the Arches viaduct and perhaps find some of its remains. We would also be very interested in details of any of the families that lived in the valley.
(secretary)
Helen Taylor on January 11, 2018 at 12:15 pm said:
I've just been looking at the WAS website and found this correspondence. Like Elaine, I also have several members of my family in my direct line living in The Arches in the mid 19th. century. If you're still interested in this, let me know what sort of detail you want and I'll email it to you.
Bill Aldridge on January 12, 2018 at 11:49 am said:
Hi Helen, yes we would be interested in any details of the people living in The Arches in the mid 19th century. It was later know as Arches Farm and eventually Manor House Farm. There was also a row of cottages which appear on the sketch of the viaduct. We think these were replaces by a single dwelling called Pingot House or Pingot Cottage. We're currently not doing any work there at the moment but in the near future we are hoping to carry out more investigations including searching for the foundations of the viaduct. Please send any information you have to this e-mail address bill@wiganarchsoc.co.uk – cheers
Paul Burke on March 21, 2015 at 12:09 pm said:
Fascinating exploration. I see the map marks a "wooden bridge" just south of the Arches. This was presumably on the route of the railway, and staring at Google Maps with not too much eye of faith, there appears to be a soil mark, slightly lighter in colour than the surrounding ploughed soil, running diagonally NE to SW from the sharp turn on Hall Lane to the house by Workshop Wood. As it's possible that the field is currently again in a ploughed state just now, I wonder if it would be worth a quick field walk along the mark to see if anything has been turned up? Sadly, I'm not in the Wigan area.
Bill Aldridge on March 21, 2015 at 9:42 pm said:
I can see what you mean. On the 1st edition 6 inch OS map of 1849 there is a road shown quite prominently going off in the direction you mention – but it's a road not a railway – on the map it's called Coal Pit Lane. It didn't last long however as on a later edition 6 inch map, the road is shown as a field boundary. By 1893 even this boundary has disappeared. Both Google and Bing maps do seem to show a lighter green mark along the line of the road but we have look many times in that field and failed up to now to spot anything (maybe worth another look in light of the crop mark).
Paul Burke on March 23, 2015 at 10:01 am said:
But is it a road? Though it's tree- lined, pointing possibly to a carriage drive associated with the Winstanley Hall estate, it doesn't go anywhere (except to the Arches), and you'd expect an ornamental bridge of stone or brick and iron as a visual feature. It's actually specifically identified as a "wooden" bridge. I see no sign of the railway either, though if the locomotive lasted about 40 years, the line should still be in use in 1849, or only recently disused. Is it possible that a conventional sign for a mineral line had not developed by that date, or that a later revision of the map engraving simply removed the railway? I note that Sanderson's map of 1835, "Twenty Miles Around Mansfield" (much more my area) shows railways as simple hatched parallel lines.
The later disappearance isn't at all surprising. Mineral lines commonly held wayleaves, paying an annual rent for the land traversed, and once the wayleave expired the landowner would simply take possession and reincorporate the (usually lightly built) formation into their own farm, park or whatever – the area is marked as parkland on the 1896 OS one-inch map.
Just one more point- you refer to te "Walking Horse", whereas the appendix on the locomotive in Part 2 of "The Industrial Railways of the Wigan Coalfield" seems to imply that there were two in operation.
Anyway, keep up the excellent work, and in the meantime I'll have to chase up those references to the railway. I have a passion for early railways, living withing striking distance of the "world's first"- Huntingdon Beaumont's pioneering work of 1604 near Wollaton, Nottingham.
Bill Aldridge on March 24, 2015 at 11:29 pm said:
My thought is that the dotted lines (shown on the 1849 map) mark the route of the railway (now called Hall Lane). It went over the road (Coal Pit Lane) on the wooden bridge just south of the viaduct. Coal Pit Lane might have originally been a wagon road but seems to miss the viaduct on the west side going down into the valley – with a steep climb on the other side. Donald Anderson does show it as a railway however in his book on the Orrell Coalfield. We are planning another visit soon so hopefully we'll find out more about this fascinating area. By the way Daglish built three engines for this line – two in use and one being serviced (two had sprocket drive wheels similar to Blenkinsop's – the other just relied on adhesion with the rails).
helen arrwosmith on November 27, 2015 at 6:35 pm said:
i have been reading the above and found it very interesting and remarkable as i live 10 mins away from brook lane etc. can any body tell me if this is protected land from buliding work?? and if so where could i obtain a copy. thanks helen pemberton community association. thankyou
Bill Aldridge on December 7, 2015 at 10:20 pm said:
Hi Helen – as far as I'm aware the land isn't protected. The area we are interested in is included in the Winstanley Estate which is own by the absentee landlard,Tim Bankes (the new road development in to the north of the the brook which I don't think is on his land).
Carmen on June 28, 2016 at 5:32 pm said:
Hi I live on the new housing estate built next to the arches, what significance did this land have in relation to the arches.
It's really interesting and fasinating to live close by to something so historical.
Bill Aldridge on July 4, 2016 at 8:54 pm said:
Hi Carmen,
I assume you mean the estate to the east of Brook Lane. In the 18th century there was a cluster of coal pits in the area owned by Clarke and Hawarden. The whole scene was an industrial lanscape.
Terri Hearty on July 26, 2016 at 2:55 pm said:
I don't suppose you know who owns the original to that picture of the model on teh viaduct? i want to ask whether I can use it in a museum display on very early locomotives!
Hi Terri – I don't know who owns the original but I do know it appears in Donald Anderson's book on the Orrell Coalfield. It's a shame it isn't an image of the Walking Horse that Daglish built which was a bigger engine. A couple of years ago Derek Winstanley had a drawing commissioned based on the details supplied by a descendant of Daglish, I could ask him if you can use it.
Scott Naylor on December 5, 2019 at 4:03 pm said:
Hi i live in this area and often dog walk this area too
Alot of it is private land but is so intruiging i just wanna know more and more about this .wigan has already lost alot of its historical places and what ive just read of your blog should be in history books.
I had a walk over the little brook and footbridge to the small wooded area were you said and found some old iron buckets or large bowl and riveted water tank
I guessed their old but didnt think could be of that age .
Truely fixated on the area as many mines and shafts and winstanley hall and the railways and stonework is just amazing keep up your efforts truely amazing.
Bill Aldridge on December 15, 2019 at 4:57 pm said:
Cheers Scott for your kind words. Regarding the Link Road, Norman Redhead from Gtr Man Archaeology Advisory Survey has been in touch. He says that there will be archaeological investigation on the route of of the Wagon Road and the Kiln Site before work on the Link Road begins (which is good news).
Nicholas King on July 31, 2021 at 9:35 am said:
I have just inherited some paperwork following the death of my Mum and apparently my Great Grandfather Thomas Gerrard sold water from Pingot Well ( he transported it in a handcart.)Does this sound likely? At age 25 he was listed as a coal miner of Lamberhead Green.


A 50p Brexit coin huh? That's it. Proof the Treasury are all out of ideas. Official policy is now literally: Ooh look! Shiny thing!
For the Welsh Liberal Democrats, Leader Jane Dodds saw a missed opportunity.
The announcement of £120m for the North Wales Growth Deal and progress towards the Mid-Wales Growth Deal is welcome, but not nearly enough. Wales needs transformational North and Mid Wales Growth Deals to be signed, not just promised.
However, the announcements of an extra £550m for the Welsh Government over the next three years and more money for Universal Credit fall far, far short of what is needed. The UK Government must entirely reverse the cuts they made to Universal Credit in 2015 and give the Welsh Government a meaningful budget increase.
The hugely damaging impact Brexit will have on the UK's public finances, costs that could reach £80 billion a year in the event of no deal – risk turning today's Budget into a sideshow.
Welsh Liberal Democrats demanded better than this. We needed a Budget that gave people fairer taxes and better public services, and a final say on the Brexit deal. Today, we got neither.
With Brexit threatening living standards across the UK the Chancellor has neither ended austerity nor addressed the fundamental problems in the economy.
Everything is overshadowed by the damaging impact that Brexit will have on the UK's public finances and the skilled workers available to run public services. These costs – which could reach £80 billion a year in the event of no deal – risk turning today's Budget into a tinkering sideshow.
The Budget misses the opportunity to ensure wealth is fairly taxed. Meanwhile, public services face an uncertain future.
Read more by The Voice or more about budget 2018, featured, jane dodds, layla moran, vince cable or willie rennie.
Esther Mcvey needs to do what the chancellor should make policy, abolish universal credit, it is an appallingly draconian nonsense, compared to tax credits, and the support of Sir Steve Webb, showed no understanding of the nasty and illiberal element in government dictat, the same as the hostile environment. Tax credits were annual in their calculations, and thus some, a few got into difficulty, this shower of a system is monthly and means a monthly cowtowing and serfdom, to the computer wizards at the dwp, not the better more specialist or able HMRC.
The call for universal credit to be scrapped should be loud, replaced by tax credits and in future ubi.
Is it seventeen years since Charles Kennedy wanted to "spend a penny on income tax on education" ? Three years later – he didn't. In 2008 at the Glenrothes by-election I was asked to deliver leaflets saying"cut the standard rate by a penny". Then in 2016, Willie Rennie wanted to wanted to "spend a penny on income tax on education".
In my dotage, after sixty years a member, I'm increasingly confused about what Lib Dems actually stand for. Maybe Cleggy can persuade Facebook to pay four farthings more than £ 5 million on £ 842 UK profits ?
Hokey Pokey politics confuses rather than convinces the electorate.
@David Raw – Budgets change and adapt with economic circumstances, and with political & social priorities.
The most recent manifesto usually contains the prevailing policies – and are usually costed to survive a parliamentary term.
Except where conference adopts a new policy, the manifesto should be considered the best guide of policy & priority.
Yes, that sometimes means we must update campaigns – but that is the danger of evidence-based policy (& politics).
Probably because in the 2002 budget Gordon Brown adopted our policy of putting 1p on income tax for public services – ok – he put it on national insurance but effectively the same.
So it was perhaps not surprising that it was not our policy for 2005 – as – um.. it had happened. We did have the policy of having a new top rate on incomes over £100k of 50% – something that Labour didn't adopt to about their last year.
So it's a case of flexible principles and make it up as you go along ?
I agree with David Raw.
Surely it would be better to make the message an equally attention-grabbing policy based upon the party's principles and a position of "that is what we want to achieve so this is what we want to do" and then explain how many pennies need to be added or taken away from tax for it.
Oh come off it @Peter Watson and @David Raw the Government changes tax rates and spending EVERY year in something called the budget in case you haven't noticed.
I'm afraid some of us aren't as sophisticated as you, Michael.
We're rather old fashioned in believing that a political party, traditionally left of centre – though that is doubtful these days -, should have consistent principles and policies based on a clearly thought out progressive philosophy.
I apologize for being so sceptical about penny in the pound gimmicks and not understanding the need for here today gone tomorrow expediency in a modern fast moving world. It's one of the penalties of having a long memory. I should have realised that flexibility in policies and principles is what lies behind the success of the modern Liberal Democrats.
The PM said that the government has responded to pressure, for instance by reducing the six week waiting period to five weeks. Four weeks would be better. She is defending a half measure as if it were a solution.


Are You All-In on Roll-In?
Former PSCA President David Wray stakes out the consolidation "high ground" with his seminal article Consolidate the Balances.
The Boston Research Group (now Boston Research Technologies) publishes the case study Eliminating Friction & Leaks in America's DC System, where a program of consolidation is proven to reduce leakage by over 50% at a mega plan sponsor.
The Federal Thrift Savings Plan -- the world's largest defined contribution plan -- adopts a policy of supporting roll-ins.
Treasury Revenue Ruling 2014-09 makes the confirmation of qualified plan status for roll-in contributions much easier for plan administrators.
A bicameral group of Democratic lawmakers sends a letter to former DOL Secretary Thomas Perez, requesting that the DOL issue guidance for auto portability.
The Bipartisan Policy Center issues their report "Securing Our Financial Future" - which includes recommendations to facilitate the consolidation of retirement savings for American workers, as they change jobs.
A group of Republican Senators, led by Sen. Tim Scott (R-SC), sends a similar letter to current DOL Secretary Alexander Acosta, asking for guidance on auto portability.
Meanwhile, leading plan sponsors have already begun to aggressively pursue facilitated roll-in programs for their plans' participants, regardless of balance, as these programs are highly-effective at promoting financial wellness, improving plan metrics and lowering plan costs.
What's your plan's position with respect to roll-ins? Are you in, out, or somewhere in-between?
Here's how to know where you stand.
1. Level 1: Your plan permits roll-ins.
Fortunately, according to the PSCA's 60th Annual Survey, 93.6% of plan respondents indicated that their plan accepts rollover contributions from other qualified plans. Check your plan to find out if it does. If it doesn't, push for the inclusion of this important plan feature.
2. Level 2: Your plan actively promotes roll-ins, particularly at initial eligibility.
Let's face it: retirement savings consolidation is not going to be on most new participants' to-do lists. You can help put it there, simply by increasing awareness of your plan's roll-in feature. Everyone wants to simplify their lives and to save money on fees. This is where roll-in programs really deliver.
Reaching out to participants when they're newly-eligible also minimizes the likelihood that they'll cash out their "stranded" accounts and roll them into your plan instead.
3. Level 3: Your plan provides unbiased assistance for roll-ins.
Roll-ins can be daunting transactions, if performed on a do-it-yourself basis, as this DIY roll-in flowchart depicts. This is why participants are so overwhelmingly positive on a facilitated roll-in program. Boston Research Technologies' recent Mobile Workforce Study shows that your participants are struggling to do roll-ins on their own (most require assistance) and will likely be highly-receptive to the notion of using your plan to consolidate their savings – particularly Millennials and Gen Xers. In fact, 91% of Millennials indicated they would move their IRA balances into the plan if their plan offered a facilitated roll-in service.
An unbiased, external roll-in service will typically operate on a fee-for-service basis, so that all participants – regardless of balance – will be encouraged to take advantage of your plan. Fees can be structured on a "participant-pay" or "plan-pay" basis. The good news is that these fees – if paid for by the plan -- can be considered permissible plan expenses, as long as the roll-in service is available to all participants.
If you're serious about using your plan as a vehicle for retirement savings consolidation and maximizing roll-in contributions, then consider offering your participants end-to-end assistance, so that roll-ins are an easy choice, made simple and worry-free.


text:
More to Black history than slavery
Giancarlo Lizarraga, Staff Writer
For 41 years February has been designated as Black History Month, but the exact way to portray Black History continues to be challenged.
Shaun King of "New York Daily News" argues that because Black History is often introduced with the atrocities of slavery, it glosses over the legacy of African kingdoms and the lives of Blacks in the early days of the Americas.
"The 246 years of American slavery represent less than 1% of known black history from around the world," King said in his article titled "Why Black History Month Should Never Begin with Slavery."
The narratives that this limited viewpoint gives can be detrimental to the knowledge people have, but this structure doesn't have to continue.
History teacher Jonathon Clemons hopes that educators illustrate how African American culture mixes with but is distinct from general American culture.
Lesson plans and activities in K-12 classrooms for Black History Month can be derived from various sources, such as the National Education Association. The NEA offers many instructional methods for African American culture, while also straying away from the typical themes of slavery and the civil rights movement.
One activity uses audio clips from jazz artists to introduce students to that music style and its Black influences. Others spotlight African American innovators and athletes.
Although the NEA may be a ray of hope for innovative teaching of Black History, UCLA details the United States history content standards which have very few sections dedicated to specifically Black events and its curriculum lacks descriptions of Black culture.
"What's missing is how African Americans are suffering," sophomore Joseph Cremona said. "You never hear their side most of the time."
Cremona's sentiments not only hold true for education, they also relate to how the media paints the picture of Black History.
"The New York Times" released a large series of photographs and stories titled "Unpublished Black History." These insights into time periods from the past century look at the continuous struggles for acceptance in the United States.
Similarly, Clemons argues that American education should have more of a focus on social movements, such as the Anti-Apartheid movement and the Black Panthers, and the positive roles that African Americans have played throughout history instead of using their stories as side notes.
Lacking from the photographs and education seems to be the discussion of the current issues that face minorities of the U.S. today, such as higher incarceration rates and lower employment rates.
"They do teach us a lot about the past, but maybe more stuff about what's happening now in society," junior Arianne Raeanal said about what she believes is missing from her education on Black History.
Both educators and students have shown an interest in the views of Black History that have been ignored and how those development have impacted the world today.
This being my senior year at Bear Creek and my second year as a staff writer for the Bruin Voice, I want to make sure that our paper only improves from here. As our new entertainment columnist I hope to...
Bruin Voice's annual Naughty or Nice list
Dear Santa: get old white men out of politics
Dear Santa: keep my family safe and healthy
Dear Santa: buy me a house
Dear Santa: outlaw anime
Dear Santa: tell me everything will be okay
Dear Santa: I don't want to cry on Christmas day
Dear Santa: help me defeat Covid
Dear Santa: I want my Roblox girlfriend back
Dear Santa, make 2021 a better year