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Home Montana Laurel
Laurel, Montana Lawyers
Find Laurel, Montana Attorneys by Practice Area
Patrick Beddow
Billings, MT Attorney with 7 years experience
(406) 252-8500	2817 2nd Avenue North
Energy, Estate Planning, Probate and Real Estate
University of Montana School of Law
Patrick G.N. Beddow is an attorney licensed in Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming, with a practice concentrating on the areas of real estate, oil & gas, minerals, trusts and estates (planning and probate), and title curative. He has significant depth and diversity of experience in mineral title, curative,and transactions in all three states in which he is licensed, as well as probate administration and real property transactions.
Veronica A. Procter
Billings, MT Lawyer with 7 years experience
2718 Montana Avenue
Free ConsultationCivil Rights, Employment, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
Born and raised in Billings, Montana, Veronica A. Procter offers clients a personalized approach to identify and resolve a wide range of legal issues in a timely and cost effective manner. She will explain your legal rights, available remedies and guide you to the best choice to maximize your recovery or minimize your liability. justice, state and federal courts. She is admitted to practice in all Montana state courts, the U.S. District Court for the District of Montana and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Billings, MT Attorney with 19 years experience
(406) 254-8903	2718 Montana Ave
Appeals, Business, Construction and Personal Injury
High Plains Law, P.L.L.C. is a general practice law firm servicing Central Montana from our office in downtown Billings. We are dedicated to giving our clients not only quality legal representation but also outstanding customer service and value. The grandson of Butte miners, Will Gilbert is a fourth generation Montanan. Will graduated from the University of Montana School of Law in 2000 and has been practicing in Montana since that time. Prior to founding High Plains Law, P.L.L.C., he was a partner in a well-respected firm and focused his practice on insurance defense, including personal injury, premises liability, construction...
Eric E Holm
(406) 252-2900	115 N. Broadway, Suite 304
Employment, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
Eric Holm is a Montana attorney and founding member of Holm Law Firm, PLLC. Eric enjoys a civil litigation practice in the areas of personal injury, insurance disputes, employment law, business law and commercial litigation, and general civil litigation. He is a member of the American, State and Yellowstone Area Bar Associations and is admitted to practice before all Montana state courts, the U.S. District Court for the District of Montana, and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
Craig Hensel
Billings, MT Lawyer with 22 years experience
(406) 325-7000	1780 N. Shiloh Road
Free ConsultationEmployment, Insurance Claims, Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
Craig C. Hensel has been practicing law in Billings, Montana since 1996. Craig is licensed in all state courts in Montana, all state courts in North Dakota, and Federal Court for the District of Montana. Craig spent over a decade as a prosecutor where he gained extensive courtroom and jury trial experience, trying hundreds of cases to verdict. Craig also has extensive civil experience and represented defendants and insurance companies in personal injury actions for several years, before deciding to switch sides and represent injured individuals.
"I used to work for insurance companies, and saw how they would drag out...
Douglas Day
(406) 272-6986	611 N 31st Street
Douglas Day has lived in Montana since 2001 when he and his family moved to Missoula to enter Law School at the University of Montana. Before that, Douglas completed a bachelor of science double major in biochemistry and cellular biology from the University of California, San Diego. It did not take long to fall in love with Big Sky country. After law school, his family moved to Lewistown to clerk for the 10th Judicial District Court for a year. Douglas then joined the Office of Public Defender as a Regional Deputy. He has served as...
James Ragain
(406) 651-8888	3936 Ave. B
Suite A2
Medical Malpractice and Personal Injury
University of Florida and Washburn University School of Law
Jim Ragain has over 40 years of substantial trial experience in both state and federal courts and has been nationally recognized by some of the industry's most prestigious awards including Best Lawyers in America and Super Lawyers.
Nicholas Owens
(406) 272-6425	2702 Montana Ave #204
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Landlord Tenant
Nick was born and raised in Montana, growing up in the Bitterroot Valley. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree, with honors, in Political Science and International Relations from Carroll College before going on to obtain his Juris Doctorate degree from Gonzaga Law School in Spokane, Washington ("let's go Zags!"). During law school, Nick served as the Gonzaga Law Review's Managing Editor and received a CALI Excellence for the Future Award for Legal Research and Writing as well as being awarded "Best Brief" during the school's Linden Cup advocacy competition. ? In addition to...
Colin Gerstner
(406) 969-3100	2702 Montana Ave Ste 201B
Free ConsultationConsumer, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
When Colin Gerstner went to college, he was studying history with no idea of what he really wanted to do with his life. Luckily, one of his professors gave him great advice to go to law school, hoping that he might find his passion. This was exactly the right fit for Colin, as law school gave him a new purpose, and showed him just how much he wanted to help people and be a part of social change.
He didn't become an attorney to get rich, he just enjoys working with individuals and helping them get through whatever problem they are...
Amanda O'Shea Tiernan
(406) 248-3900	2722 Third Ave North
Criminal Defense, Estate Planning and Family
Amanda is a Montana girl through and through. She loves spending her time skiing in the winter and camping in the summer. She grew up in Billings and Laurel Montana, and is a proud graduate of Laurel High School. Amanda attended Rocky Mountain College, in Billings, Montana, where she graduated with a Bachelors of Science in History, Political Science, and Professional Communication Studies, with honors. While at Rocky, she was a member of the Debate Team recieving several awards and invaluable experience. During this time she also interned with Senator Tester's office. Amanda attended law school...
Merry Katherine Marr
Before venturing into personal injury law, Merry Marr began her legal career working as a Patent Attorney in Washington State. She then expanded her legal skills by working in consumer protection law and later as the supervising attorney at the office of the public defender in Montana. After Merry relocated to Montana in 2011, she chose to dedicate her vast knowledge and experience to the field of personal injury law. Merry can think of no better use of her time, effort, and legal expertise than to help victims who have suffered personal injuries, and she wants nothing more than to...
Katherine Delaney Berst
(406) 248-3900	2722 Third Ave N., Suite 325
Arbitration & Mediation, Divorce, Estate Planning and Family
A Billings girl born and raised. "I love Billings!" "I love Montana!" I come from a close knit family. My dad is a local Veterinarian, my mom, brothers and I grew up helping and working at my dad's clinic. From my parents I learned the value of hard work, and that you don't stop working until a job is, not only done, but done well. My early education took place at Trinity Lutheran School where I learned how important team work is. At West High School I continued to learn how to compete as a team member on...
William A. D'Alton
(406) 245-6643	222 North 32nd Street, Suite 903
Free ConsultationDUI & DWI, Employment, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
University of Montana - University of Montana-Missoula
Kevin Funyak
(406) 259-4545	100 North 27th Street, Suite 700
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Nursing Home, Personal Injury and Products Liability
John C. Heenan
(406) 839-9091	3970 Avenue D
Bankruptcy, Consumer, Legal Malpractice and Medical Malpractice
John is a graduate of the University of Montana (honors) and University of Montana School of Law (high honors). After graduating from college, John worked as a truck driver, a fork lift operator and a teamster intern, helping him learn the value of hard work and an honest paycheck. John began his legal practice by serving as a law clerk for United States District Court Judge Richard F. Cebull. Thereafter, he worked in private practice at the Edwards Law Firm, handling both civil and criminal cases, including the case of Ammondson et al v. NorthWestern Corporation et al, which resulted in...
Moira Murphy
(406) 206-6513	2722 3rd Ave N, #240
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
University of Montana School of Law and University of Montana - University of Montana-Missoula
Moira is born and raised in Montana. She has been practicing law since 1995 when she graduated from the University of Montana, School of Law. She specializes in criminal defense and family law (divorce, custody).
Robert Stephens JR
(406) 245-6182	2910 Minnesota Ave
Free ConsultationUniversity of Washington School of Law and Syracuse University College of Law
Juliane Lore
Billings, MT Attorney
(406) 206-0144	2921 2nd Ave. North
Bankruptcy, Business, Consumer and Elder
Joseph Cook
(406) 651-8888	3936 Avenue B, Suite A2
Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Phillip R Oliver
Billings, MT Lawyer
Christopher Flann
Shepherd, MT Lawyer with 22 years experience
(406) 373-9828	8400 Clark Road
Shepherd, MT 59079
Christopher Flann founded and is the principal attorney behind Immigration Law of Montana, P.C. His practice is dedicated to helping individuals and businesses with immigration matters, principally those located in Montana. As a first-generation immigrant who understands the immigration system here in the United States from the inside and the outside, Christopher Flann has a unique insight that he uses to help his clients in the most effective way. As an attorney who enjoys helping people solve problems, Christopher Flann has pursued solutions to his client's immigration problems be they small or large. Once he accepts a client, he works to...
Ken Wah Choi
Absarokee, MT Lawyer with 15 years experience
6 Woodard Avenue
Absarokee, MT 59001
Ken W. Choi is an Associate of the DiJulio Law Group. Mr. Choi specializes in Business and Real Estate litigation and transactions. He has extensive experience in drafting contracts and forming various types of Corporations, Partnerships, and Limited Liability Companies (L.L.C.), as well as buying, selling, leasing, and constructing million-dollar real properties. Mr. Choi is also a lecturer for high-level government officials, legal and financial specialists, as well as entrepreneurs from China, conducting seminars in the areas of law, business, and public policy. He has extensive personal contacts with various governmental agencies in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Anhui Province,...
Martin Judnich
Missoula, MT Lawyer with 16 years experience
(406) 721-3354	501 S. Russell Street
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Insurance Claims
University of Montana alumni. Martin was a Deputy County Attorney prosecuting cases in Cascade County Montana. Marty then used that experience to defend the rights of those accused as a criminal defense attorney. Marty has also been involved in personal injury claims since 1996 and continues to obtain settlements and verdicts for injured claimants.
Scott Peterson
Helena, MT Attorney with 7 years experience
(406) 442-3261	Morrison, Sherwood, Wilson, and Deola, PLLP
401 N. Last Chance Gulch St.
Free ConsultationConstruction, Employment, Insurance Claims and Personal Injury
Scott was born and raised in eastern Montana. He graduated with honors from the University of Montana Law School in 2011, where he served as the Articles Editor for the Montana Law Review. Scott also interned for a federal magistrate judge, the Honorable Jeremiah Lynch in Missoula. He competed on UM Law's National Moot Court Team, and his team won both first place brief and first place overall for the Northwest Region. After law school, Scott served as a law clerk for the Honorable Brian Morris, a Justice at the Montana Supreme Court. Since joining private practice, Scott has...
Ben Snipes
Great Falls, MT Lawyer with 10 years experience
(406) 761-5595	725 3rd Ave North
Free ConsultationAsbestos, Personal Injury, Products Liability and Workers' Comp
Ben Snipes is a plaintiff's personal injury attorney, specializing in serious injury cases. His practice presently focuses on catastrophic workplace injuries, trucking and motor vehicle accidents, asbestos related diseases and mesothelioma cases.
In addition to a traditional plaintiffs practice, Mr. Snipes carries a significant Qui Tam/False Claims Act whistleblower and workers' compensation caseload.
He is an AV Preeminent rated attorney by Martindale-Hubbell® and has been recognized as one of the Top 100 Trial Lawyers in Montana by The National Trial Lawyers® since 2014. In 2018, he was recognized as a Rising Star (for attorneys 40 years or...
Penni Chisholm
Columbia Falls, MT Lawyer with 27 years experience
(406) 892-4356	516 First Avenue West
Columbia Falls, MT 59912
Free ConsultationDivorce, Family and Personal Injury
Penni has been practicing law in Montana since 1992, specializing in litigation and family law. She has successfully tried cases across the state, preserving millions of dollars of assets for her clients in divorce cases and recovering millions of dollars for her clients in injury cases. Penni, her husband and partner Dean Chisholm, and their staff of five are Chisholm & Chisholm, P.C. The law firm represents individuals and businesses in a variety of legal matters throughout Montana. The firm offers the highest quality legal services to its clients in the relaxed atmosphere of its Columbia...
Briana E. Kottke
Missoula, MT Attorney with 7 years experience
(406) 284-1860	234 E. Pine St.
Free ConsultationAppeals, Cannabis Law, Criminal Defense and Juvenile
In August of 2008, Briana began law school at the University of Montana School of Law. While attending law school, Briana was a staff member and then an editor on the MONTANA LAW REVIEW. While on the Law Review, Briana, as Symposium Editor, orchestrated a two-day Symposium on the Montana Constitution, which was heralded as one of the best Symposia that the Law Review has held to date. She was a member of the UM Trial Team during her second year and a member of the Criminal Defense Clinic during her third year. Additionally, she was Professor Cynthia Ford's research...
Jean E. Faure
Bozeman, MT Lawyer with 32 years experience
(406) 452-6500	1425 West Main
Free ConsultationBusiness, Education, Employment and Insurance Defense
Jean Elizabeth Faure is an AV-rated civil trial attorney with 25 years of experience in labor/employment law, education/school law, and civil litigation. At least 50% of Jean's practice involves the representation of both public and private employers in connection with all labor and employment-related issues. Jean litigates wrongful termination, discrimination, harassment, wage and hour, trade secret, non-compete, Family Medical Leave Act, and ERISA/fiduciary claims. Jean also handles union labor contract negotiations, labor grievance arbitrations, unfair labor practices and other issues under the NLRA. Jean's school law practice includes students with disabilities, special education/IDEA, student discipline, employment practices (teacher termination), and...
Richard Baskett
Missoula, MT Attorney with 40 years experience
(406) 549-1110	210 North Higgins Avenue
Thomas Bulman
(800) 272-7744	416 E. Pine St
Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
Thomas Bulman opened his disability law practice in 1981 after finishing a law clerk assignment for the Montana Supreme Court. He learned that he had to study medicine in order to best serve his injured clients with workers compensation and other injury cases. After 35 years, he has learned a great deal about doctors and medical treatment.
Aaron Neilson
(406) 721-7772	310 W. Spruce St.
Free ConsultationBusiness, Collections, Construction and Real Estate
As a previous executive and general counsel at a leading regional technology company as well as many years of experience in private practice in Seattle and Missoula, Aaron helps telecommunications providers, startups, tech companies, banks, HOAs, contractors, real estate developers, and individuals in Montana and Washington with all their legal needs--e.g., litigation, dispute resolution, business formations and maintenance, contract review and preparation, succession planning, regulatory advice and compliance, employee manuals, business policies, lobbying, cybersecurity and privacy, wills, trusts, estate plans, etc. In his free time, Aaron enjoys fishing, hiking, basketball, baseball, concerts, breweries, and spending time with his wife,...
Robert Farris-Olsen
(406) 442-3261	401 N. Last Chance Gulch
Bankruptcy, Consumer, Divorce and Environmental
Rob graduated from the University of Montana School of Law, with honors, in 2011. After graduating, he served as a law clerk to Justice Michael Wheat of the Montana Supreme Court. From there, he went to work for Montana Legal Services Association to help Montanans avoid foreclosure and litigate consumer debt issues. Rob joined Morrison, Sherwood, Wilson & Deola in 2013. His practice is focused on consumer rights issues, bankruptcy, foreclosure prevention, water rights, environmental law and family law.
Shahid Haque
Helena, MT Lawyer with 14 years experience
(888) 595-2004	7 W 6th Ave, Suite 2A
Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology
Shahid Haque dedicates his practice to helping immigrants obtain legal status in the United States and pursue all that the country has to offer. Mr. Haque assists clients with a wide variety of immigration matters, including applications with the consulates abroad and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, representing clients arrested by the Department of Homeland Security, and defending immigrants in deportation proceedings in Immigration Court.
Mr. Haque represents well over a thousand immigrants and their families all across Montana, and has been in contact with over a thousand other immigrants in Montana through his advocacy efforts. He has internalized their stories,...
Jenny Jourdonnais
Missoula, MT Lawyer with 7 years experience
(406) 203-1734	3111 Grant Street, Suite B
Free ConsultationAppeals, Business, Collections and Real Estate
The law is my first passion and second career. In 2008 I left a decade long career in the financial services industry and a comfortable Vice President position at a national bank to pursue my lifelong dream of attending law school. While in law school, I argued in regional and national moot court competitions. I also established an externship in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana and briefed and argued a wrongful foreclosure pro se appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. After graduation from the...
Herman Austin Watson IV
Bozeman, MT Attorney with 5 years experience
(406) 586-4707	424 E Main St
Ste 203A
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Personal Injury
University of California - Hastings College of the Law and Leiden Universitat
You could say he is well-rounded: Herman was born in Macon, Georgia, where etiquette and manners make an impression. However, he grew up in Montana, settling scores with a friendly punch in the face. As for schooling, the third-generation criminal defense attorney went to preparatory school outside Boston, where he learned well how to read and write, but attended college in Portland, Oregon, where he avoided doing either, choosing instead to invest in the burgeoning beer market; Herman has worked in and managed several bars across the globe. After year-long sojourns in Oxford, England, and Holland, where he studied...
Brenda L Wahler
Helena, MT Attorney with 16 years experience
(406) 449-2060	7 West 6th Ave
Arbitration & Mediation, Divorce, Elder and Family
Specialties include child custody and parenting plans; equine law.
Elizabeth A. Clark
(406) 721-8896	2809 Great Northern Loop
Business, Estate Planning, Probate and Real Estate
University of Washington School of Law and University of Montana School of Law
My law practice focuses on helping my clients plan for life events, whether creating a comprehensive estate plan, starting or selling a business, buying or selling real estate, or probating the estate of a love one. I began practicing as a general civil litigator after graduating from the University of Montana School of Law in 2012, and have tailored my practice more towards planning after earning my LLM in taxation in 2016 from the University of Washington School of Law. I graduated Magna Cum Laude with a Bachelor's of Science degree from Wilmington University in Legal...
Santana Kortum
Kalispell, MT Attorney with 14 years experience
(800) 257-1482	1382 Airport Road
Free ConsultationMedical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Santana Caballero handles injury cases arising out of accidents, medical malpractice, employment, nursing home abuse and neglect as well as wrongful death claims across the state of Montana. Santana brings to the table a strong Montana work ethic and common sense while maintaining result orientated relationships with insurance carriers and opposing counsel. Santana is admitted to practice in Montana Administrative matters, Montana District Courts, Montana Federal District Courts and the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. No obligation free initial consultations.
Philip Lance McGrady
Whitefish, MT Attorney with 14 years experience
(406) 322-8647	309 Wisconsin Avenue
Whitefish, MT 59937
Employment, Medical Malpractice, Personal Injury and Products Liability
Philip is a graduate of the University of Montana School of Law. He received his undergraduate degree from James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia. While attending the University of Montana law school, Philip was a member of the National Moot Court Team, he clerked for United States Magistrate Judge Leif Erickson, and also taught first year law students legal research and legal writing. Following graduation, Philip clerked for Superior Court Judge Dan Hensley in Anchorage, Alaska, and then for Yellowstone County District Court Judge Russell Fagg in Billings, Montana, before joining Edwards, Frickle & Culver in 2005.
Philip has...
Miva VanEngen
Missoula, MT Lawyer
(406) 214-3978	1800 S. Reserve St., Suite C-2
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
Miva VanEngen fights vigorously in her representation of clients who have been injured by others: whether by car crash, negligent acts of others, or at work (personal injury and workers' compensation claims). She also works hard for her clients who have been charged with a DUI or other crime. Finally, she represents a variety of clients in simple and complex divorces, parenting plans, pre-nuptial agreements, post-nuptial agreements and other family law matters.
Her clients can be found all over Montana and in other states. Technological advances make it possible to represent clients without the need for travel, depending on the reason...
Yellowstone County
Stillwater County
The OneCLE Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Laurel, Montana Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.


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Youngjae's matoki bunny color and name?
The member Youngjae is closest to?
What place is Youngjae when leader Yongguk decides the Appearance Ranking?
What place did Youngjae ranked himself on appearance of BAP members?
During B.A.P diary, who is the room mate of Youngjae?
Treu of False? Youngjae fell from the stairs wen he was calling and had to go to the hospital.


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Home » Minerals » Pyrrhotite
Pyrrhotite
The magnetic iron sulfide mineral.
Article by: Hobart M. King, PhD, RPG
Pyrrhotite with Pink Spinel: A beautiful octahedral crystal of pink spinel on massive pyrrhotite. Locality: Kuh-i-Lal, Ishkashim District, Western Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan. The specimen measures approximately 3.0 x 2.7 x 2.3 centimeters. The spinel crystal measures approximately 7 millimeters. Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com.
What Is Pyrrhotite?
Pyrrhotite is an iron sulfide mineral found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Its chemical formula of Fe(1-x)S indicates that it is deficient in iron - which causes pyrrhotite to be slightly to strongly magnetic. After magnetite, pyrrhotite is the second-most-common magnetic mineral.
Physical Properties of Pyrrhotite
Geologic Occurrence
Uses of Pyrrhotite
Magnetic Properties of Pyrrhotite
Pyrrhotite in Construction Materials
Chemical Classification Sulfide
Color Brownish bronze, reddish bronze, yellowish bronze.
Streak Grayish black.
Luster Metallic, usually tarnished.
Diaphaneity Opaque
Cleavage None; may exhibit subconchoidal fracture
Mohs Hardness 3.5 to 4
Specific Gravity 4.5 to 4.7
Diagnostic Properties Bronze color, magnetic, low hardness, subconchoidal fracture, tabular or prismatic crystals that can be either monoclinic or pseudo hexagonal.
Chemical Composition Iron sulfide, Fe(1-x)S (where x = 0 to 0.17)
Crystal System Monoclinic with hexagonal polytypes
Uses Sometimes mined as an ore of nickel or along with pentlandite. A historic ore of iron and source of sulfur.
Pyrrhotite is relatively easy to identify. Specimens have a bronze color, and most display tarnish - which is often iridescent. At first glance, pyrrhotite can be confused with other brassy-colored sulfide minerals, but its Mohs hardness is only 3.5 to 4, and most specimens are at least slightly magnetic. No other brass-to-bronze-colored sulfides are magnetic.
Most pyrrhotite has a massive or granular habit. When well-formed crystals are present, they will be either monoclinic (sometimes with striations), or hexagonal (prismatic or tabular).
Pyrrhotite is found in basic igneous rocks, pegmatites, hydrothermal veins, and rocks associated with hydrothermal metamorphism. It is often associated with pyrite and quartz.
Commercial deposits have been found where pyrrhotite and pentlandite were concentrated by magmatic separation. This process occurs in a magma chamber when pyrrhotite crystals form within the melt, then sink to the bottom of the magma because of their high density. A layer of pyrrhotite and other heavy minerals with a similar crystallization temperature accumulate on the floor of the magma chamber.
Commercial deposits also occur where pyrrhotite was deposited in veins by hydrothermal fluids. Contact metamorphism has formed other commercial deposits.
Nickeliferous Pyrrhotite: A specimen of nickeliferous pyrrhotite from the Falconbridge Mine, Falconbridge Township, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada. The specimen measures approximately 8 centimeters across.
Pyrrhotite is often intergrown with pentlandite (Fe,Ni)9S8, the principal ore of nickel. The two minerals are usually mined together if the nickel content of the rock mass is high enough. Some pyrrhotite contains as much as 5% nickel by weight. That can be enough for the pyrrhotite to be mined as an ore of nickel. [1]
Pyrrhotite has been a historic source of iron and sulfur. However, the iron extracted was contaminated with sulfur - which made the iron unsuitable for use. Sulfur is no longer made from pyrrhotite because it is more economically obtained from other sources.
At some localities, pyrrhotite occurs as well-formed crystals that are popular with mineral collectors. Excellent specimens retail for thousands of dollars.
Pyrrhotite Crystals: A spectacular cluster of pyrrhotite crystals from Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua, Mexico. This crystal cluster measures approximately 3.1 x 2.4 x 1.2 centimeters. Specimen and photo by Arkenstone / www.iRocks.com.
Pyrrhotite is similar to another iron sulfide mineral named troilite. Troilite has a chemical composition of FeS, while pyrrhotite's chemical composition is Fe(1-x)S. Pyrrhotite is deficient in iron because some of the iron sites in its crystal lattice are vacant (empty). That is why the iron in the formula has a subscript of 1-x. The value of "X" in the chemical formula of pyrrhotite can range between 1 and 0.17.
Troilite is not magnetic, and when the value of "X" in a pyrrhotite specimen is close to zero (like troilite), the pyrrhotite is very slightly magnetic. As the value of "X" increases, the pyrrhotite becomes more magnetic.
The missing iron atoms in a pyrrhotite crystal alter its electrical charge, and that influences the level of magnetic response. The more vacancies, the more magnetic the pyrrhotite.
Pyrrhotite Permissive Geology: A map of the United States showing pyrrhotite occurrences (black dots and circles) and areas of pyrrhotite-permissive geology. [2] Enlarge map.
[1] Glossary of Geology, Fifth Edition (revised): edited by Klaus K.E. Neuendorf, James P. Mehl, Jr., and Julia A. Jackson, published by the American Geosciences Institute, accessed October 2020.
[2] Pyrrhotite Distribution in the Conterminous United States, 2020: by Jeffrey L. Mauk, Thomas C. Crafford, John D. Horton, Carma A. San Juan, and Gilpin R. Robinson Jr.; United States Geological Survey, Fact Sheet 2020–3017, March 2020, accessed October 2020.
Most of the concrete used in construction projects is made from crushed stone mined nearby. Some geographic areas are plagued with the problems of crumbling and cracking concrete. Research has associated many of these concrete failures to the presence of sulfide minerals in the local rocks used as construction aggregate.
Three sulfide minerals, pyrite, marcasite, and pyrrhotite, have been found in the crushed stone used to make these problem concretes. When these minerals are exposed to moisture and oxygen, they are transformed into sulfate minerals that occupy a greater volume. Their expansion can crack or crumble the concrete parts of the building.
Of the three sulfide minerals, pyrrhotite causes the most volume change. To inform concrete manufacturers and construction companies of this problem, the United States Geological Survey published a report with an explanation of the problem and a map of potential pyrrhotite occurrence. [2]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So what would you need to call a plumbing professional for when it comes to upgrading your home's fixtures or pipes? Some of the more common upgrades would be installing a new toilet or sink, which might sound simple at first, but for the untrained can be a very troublesome process. Another common upgrade in a home is installing a new shower or bathtub. This process can be challenging because of the size of the fixture, and also present a challenge when removing the old bathtub or shower. Other upgrades you can do in and outside of your house include installing a full irrigation system to ensure your grass stays healthy and green, or having a new septic system installed at your home because the old ones are prone to break without proper maintenance.
Having a proper maintenance schedule on your home's plumbing is important so your system does not need repair work done on it often. Preventative maintenance will save you money in the long run and keep your house away from the dangers and disasters of a pipe bursting and flooding your home. If you happen to have a repair that is an emergency like a pipe bursting, the best thing to do is contact your trusted plumbing company as soon as it happens. With 24/7 service that is provided, you can have confidence that your problem will get fixed before it gets out of control.
One of the most deglamorized, yet necessary work ever is the job of a plumber. You don't think of them unless you are in deep trouble. Choked drains, water leakage, clogged gutters, electrical problems – these 'not-to-be-bothered' about problems can make your life come to a standstill. You would always want your drains and pipes to be well hidden and smooth running at the same time. These complex disorders of pipes, drains, valves are omnipresent – be it commercial or residential areas. Plumbing jobs need experience and the right skills. A less experienced or a non-skilled plumber can create havoc. With the increasing demand of professionally licensed and experienced plumbing companies, the industry has become organized. Commercial plumbing companies are now proliferating.
-Commercial services are highly customer-friendly and work according to their need. -Usually the service is available 24/7, as grave situations can pop up anytime, where delay won't be an option.
Fast service: Professional plumbers are trained in such a way that they can identify the problem area quickly and work in the right direction. They are also equipped with the right tools for a given problem.
Expertise and knowledge of professionals: Sometimes a problem may look simple, but is much more complicated as it appears. Not hiring a person with the knowledge of the system would mean further aggravation of the problem.
Right Equipment: This because they are well-trained and knowledgeable. They give you a suitable advice in situation like old and cracked pipes. They would give you the right suggestion to use the right pipes. Professional plumbers can fix the problem instantly and permanently that leaves customers fully satisfied. They are well equipped and have the right skills.


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College of Psychologists of Ontario | The Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004 (PHIPA); Updates and Resources | https://cpo.on.ca/the-personal-health-information-protection-act-2004-updates-and-resources-january-2021/
The Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004 (PHIPA); Updates and Resources
Published: January 29, 2021 August 12, 2021
The Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004 (PHIPA) recently has been amended with some key changes. This include requirements to:
establish and monitor an audit log for any electronic health records to record who accesses which parts of which client's records and when, so as to prevent snooping or other privacy breaches;
provide client access to an electronic version of their record to facilitate portability of those records; and
become familiar with the rules about sharing, or managing requests to disclose, information with consumer electronic service providers who operate apps and on-line portals through which clients can access and store their personal information.
The amendments also provide new powers to the Privacy Commissioner of Ontario to access information from custodians (e.g., access to the electronic health record audit log), impose administrative monetary penalties for non-compliance with PHIPA, and a doubling of the fines for offences under PHIPA.
Some recent documents provided by the Health Professions Regulators of Ontario, an umbrella group of Ontario Health Regulatory Colleges, contains information about PHIPA which will be useful for College members to review. The information was provided by Steinecke Maciura LeBlanc, a leading law firm with a focus on professional regulation. It was written as a general overview of the Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004 for regulated health professionals in Ontario. It is not intended to provide legal advice.
The document, What You Need to Know About Privacy Law is an excellent and relatively short summary of commonly discussed aspects of PHIPA.
A document entitled The Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004: A Guide for Regulated Health Professionals, originally prepared by Richard Steinecke in 2004 and most recently updated in 2020, is a more detailed guide. This guide contains important information about, among other things, creating policies, procedures and practices relevant to the collection, use and disclosure of personal health information; responding to requests for access and correction of information; and what to do in the event of a privacy breach. It also contains a number of sample documents, including a sample consent form which members may find useful.
This information was not prepared by the College and is intended only as general guidance to members. It may not be applicable to all situations. Where legislative interpretation in a particular situation is necessary, it should be sought from a lawyer authorized and qualified in this area.
For members who wish to find out more about any of the recent amendments to PHIPA, the website of the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Ontario is a good source of additional information.
Council Highlights – December, 2020
Information From the Practice Advice Service


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Home cricket Dale Steyn's first over in the Big Bash League was something unique
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Dale Steyn's first over in the Big Bash League was something unique
South African pace ace Dale Steyn began his campaign in the ongoing edition of the Big Bash League on Friday when he arrived out to fiddle for the Melbourne Stars in Rival to the Adelaide Strikers. Stars captain Glenn Maxwell bagged the toss and elected to field first.
Steyn was given the ball in the upcoming over and the veteran paceman began his spell with a dot ball. What was to go around is something that Steyn would not have wondered. Strikers' in a way of opening batsman Jake Weatherald tore into the Protea celebrity, bludgeoning him over long-off for back to back sixes as Steyn was accused of over pitching the ball.
The onslaught would go along as the southpaw attacked two more boundaries to acquire runs off Steyn's initial five delivery. Here was a legend, had to appear like a schoolboy by an in a type of batsman.
What could Steyn do to get back his confidence? Well, when you have been at the prime of your game for more than a decade you recognise how to back post a few blows. Steyn ran in complete steam for the previous delivery and managed his line and length both. A nice length ball on middle stump. Weatherald provided it with the complete swing of his bat Once more and this time did not succeed to connect. Maxwell was waiting curiously at mid-on and completed a not so difficult catch.
The comeback was finished and champion displayed yet again that type is not permanent but class is not temporary. The 36-year-old bowler got back himself by scalping Weatherald wicket in the previous delivery. He was acquired at mid-on by Glenn Maxwell post-playing a quickfire knock of 21 runs off 7 balls. In his triple-over spell, Steyn gave back to the figure of 29-1 with an economy of 9.66.
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Constructing a pebble fountain requires some fundamental materials that may be found at the local ironmongery shop, however, so far as the pump is worried, you might want to take into consideration going to a specialized residence & garden retailer that has an expert pond division and you will get skilled grade pumps and fountain heads.
There is the pipe that goes from your house to the septic tank, the septic tank itself, a drainfield, and the soil around your yard and the drainfield. On the Christmas tree, glowing lights are the best and may give your Christmas tree that glowing look.
In the event you prefer to have your Christmas tree lights on a timer, you're higher off shopping for an artificial tree that's required by law to be constructed from fire-retardant supplies. The soil is taken into account a part of your septic tank system because appropriate soil is necessary to adequately deal with and filter wastewater.
2. To do away with carpenter ants, it's essential first must locate their nest. The septic tank is watertight and constructed from a variety of materials, and is buried in your yard.
If your house has a septic tank it's your accountability as a home-owner to maintain it. Changing your septic tank can be a main dwelling improvement challenge, so protecting it in good working order is to your advantage. When the fountain pipe is plum, you can be guaranteed that water loss would be at a minimum. 5. Install the pipe for the fountain head to the outtake of the pump and utilizing a level, make sure that the pipe is plum and the pump is level. However you'll be able to have a pleasant skilled wanting water function in your yard with out having to pay an costly contractor or landscaper to build the fountain for you.
Place the other end of the hose away from the water function and turn the pump of to empty the rubbish can. To maintain your septic tank system working effectively, you have to periodically pump out the sludge from the bottom. B. The throther head is another common fountain head used for pebble fountains.
If your home has a septic tank it's your responsibility as a house owner to take care of it. Changing your septic tank generally is a major dwelling improvement undertaking, so retaining it in good working order is to your benefit. C. Hiring knowledgeable exterminator is the last option in case you can't get rid of the carpenter ants. The water will hold the Christmas tree moist and stop it from drying out till the Holidays are over. It is best to remember the fact that the lip or the rim of the garbage can ought to be left above the dust, so filth is not going to get inside the rubbish can when the water gets into it.
7. Use four-inch cinder blocks or concrete slabs which are found at any residence enchancment store to evenly help the lid and make sure that the fountain pipe suits snugly into the opening in the middle of the lid and place bigger stones or small boulders across the sides and the rim of the garbage can.
If your home has a septic tank it is your accountability as a home-owner to keep up it. Changing your septic tank can be a main residence improvement mission, so retaining it in good working order is to your advantage. A. The bell head, which is a kind of fountain head that has a funnel at the top which is roofed with a flat prime having a tapered stopper that goes into the funnel and forces the water out into the form of a bell or umbrella. This is usually a wonderful accent to your yard at Christmas time.


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Ideas, analysis, & insight for business innovators across Africa & beyond.
NextAfrica's Digital Revolution: It's Not Easy
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International Investors See Opportunity in Kenya, Ivory Coast, and Ethiopia
International investors have a critical role to play in the future of Africa. A recently published survey reveals insights into how they perceive opportunity & risk across countries, sectors, and trends.
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Kenya, Ivory Coast, and Ethiopia are the most attractive African countries to international investors in 2017, according to a recently released study from Havas Horizons, a division of the global communications group, Havas, and Institut Choisel, a French think tank.
Havas Horizons and Institut Choisel conducted a survey of representatives of the most active financial institutions in Africa, finding that 61% of respondents have a positive perception of investment opportunities in Kenya (in 2017), 57% in Ivory Coast, 44% in Ethiopia, 42% in Nigeria, and 38% in Senegal.
At the other end of the spectrum, the survey's respondents perceived significant investment risks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, and Mali. (These countries share a proneness to governance issues, instability, economic difficulties, and lack of infrastructure.)
Notably, Nigeria, the continent's largest economy, is perceived as both a highly attractive and highly risky investment destination in 2017 among investors, as the country's strong potential is counterbalanced by the collapse of the Nigerian naira, the decline in national income due to lower oil prices, and several other factors.
Survey respondents were also asked about reasons for increasing or decreaisng investment in Africa. As shown in the chart below, strong demographic growth was cited by 68% of respondents as the main reason for optimism (with the emergence of a middle class a close second at 66%).
Conversely, political instability and corruption were cited as the top obstacles to investing in the region.
In addition to rationale, international investors were also surveyed on the industries they considered the most attractive for investment across the continent:
Sectors that address basic needs led the pack: energy was the most attractive sector, followed by agriculture. With Africa "starved for electricity," the opportunity for electrification across the continent remains large. Similarly, with Africa's population poised to rise rapidly, the opportunity to feed families across the continent is large as well. (It's worth noting here recent news that Polar Star Management, one of the best performing Africa-focused hedge funds, plans to raise $115 million to exploit rising demand for food in Africa.) After sectors that involve addressing basic needs, investors were also attracted to those linked to the continent's emerging consumer middle class: financial services and mass retail.
Jean-Philippe Dorent, Vice President, Havas Horizons, and Pascal Lorot, President, Institut Choiseul share perspectives on why the survey matters to ventures on the continent:
International investors have a critical role to play in the future of Africa. Their perception of the risks involved in investing in Africa will determine the resources available to the continent for transforming its economies. After all, it is international investors who provide the financial capabilities for funding the infrastructure projects that Africa so dearly needs. And it is they who support the financing of major pan-African firms, as well as local small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), and entrepreneurs and start-ups across the continent.
List of investors surveyed:
Abakus Advisors, ACP, Advent International, AfrAsia Bank Limited, African Development Bank, African Export Import Bank, African Risk Capacity, Ardian, Business Partners International, CDG Capital Private Equity, Crédit du Maroc, Danone, DEX Capital, Ecobank, Euromena, Euromena Funds, FCCA, Fusion Capital, Gabonese Sovereign Wealth Fund, Golden Palm Investments, Goldman Sachs, GreenWish Partners, Group Castel – BGI, Helios Investment Partners, ICBC Paris, Investisseurs & Partenaires (I&P), Islamic Trade Finance, Kusuntu Partners, Livelihoods Venture, Meridiam, Messier Maris & Associés, Natixis Global Asset Management, Okan, One2five Advisory, Proparco, Qalaa Holdings, Qatar National Bank, Saham Group, Saint-Gobain, SmartPhorce Holding, Société Générale, The Beige Group, Verod Capital, Wendel, Wendel Africa, and Yearling Advisors.
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A Few Good Links this week will cover how Camacho/Davidoff got screwed out of a sponsorship deal with the Orange Bowl, Alison Kruass and Union Station's new album and a few of the top cigars of the year lists I saw.
Patrick S. over at Stogie Review has a really good post about how the Orange Bowl reneged on their sponsorship deal with Camacho Cigars. It's a travesty, for sure. What I'm really hoping for is that one of these days when the smoke Nazis (or whatever pejorative for these national hall monitors you prefer) have beaten us in a battle we will turn around and use that loss as our Alamo. I would be ecstatic if the Orange Bowl were our Alamo but it probably isn't. One of these days though….
This last week I've been blaring the newest album from Alison Krauss and Union Station: Paper Airplane in my car and at home. I don't know how to describe why it is that I like her music so much, whether it is with Union Station or with Robert Plant or whoever, other than to say that she is an amazing talent. And so are all the musicians in Union Station. They're the whole package. If you can pick up the special CD from Target with the extra tracks.
Finally, a few lists: Stogie Review, Stogie Review, Stogie Review, Stogie Review (did I miss any?), Tiki Bar, Tiki Bar, Tiki Bar, Tiki Bar (did I miss any?), Chief's, Cigarfan, CigarCraig, A Cigar Smoker's Journal (is this Barry's last one?), Tom's Cigars, Casa Fumado, Smoking Stogie (they have other lists to but this list is beginning to get a little long already), Cigar Explorer, Nice Tight Ash, ditto and THE BEST LIST OF ALL!!!
Some observations regarding those lists: 1. I didn't smoke nearly enough cigars last year, 2. I have to find that Grimalkin I have somewhere and 3. I still have to do my list (yeah!). I figure that as long as I get a list out before Cigar Aficionado is done unveiling theirs then I am okay.


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Ego cogito, ergo sum
A compodium of my published aritcles, features, etc. on technology, IT and everything else; sourced from CyberMedia publications, Financial Express, Free Press Journal, Nazara.com, etc……
Open Vs Proprietary: The War is still On
No sooner had I put up innocuous query on LinkedIn asking respondents whether open source is cheaper than proprietary software, responses to the same started flowing in. Experts and professionals from around the globe started debating the issue on the forum. Some were die-hard open source proponents arguing about all the good that is there in those lines of code written by the developer ilk. On the other hand, there were the pragmatists that argued against and prescribed more practical approach that could only be possible through the use of proprietary or as a few called it, closed systems.
The age old war between the two technologies, namely, open source and proprietary software is still very much on. Like the proverbial good versus evil clash, everyone was eager to paint the other as evil. Lost somewhere in translation is the real issue, namely which of the two is cheaper, secure, easier to maintain, etc. The question we really need to tackle is not a philosophical one, i.e., what is good or what is evil but simply which is preferable and which is not. So here is a primer on what is what.
Apples & oranges?
One of the issues that lot many experts often raise and rail about is when the two, namely open source and proprietary are comparable at all. The way the two have emerged and evolved is the reason for it. While, open source has been around for many decades, thanks to the mainframe legacy, where in the computer belonged to the technologist. Hence, a breed of technologists emerged who believed in technology for the sake of technology. Meanwhile, the proprietary software, one can say is of recent emergence especially since the college dropouts Bill Gates and Paul Allen started peddling software developed by others for profit, and so was Microsoft and proprietary software born. Since, the past three decades, the war between the two has continued ever since.
Yet, while the two might be as different as chalk and cheese, for the IT manager and CIO who has to ensure that the IT infrastructure is safe, secure, up and running, the difference is much real and so is the comparison. For them, what really matters is what is affordable and lesser headache. All rest is frivolous. So for all whose soul might curdle at the comparison between apples and oranges, should know at certain instances, both are indeed comparable.
TCA or TCO?
Now, that we know that the two are and will be compared, let's start to do it. The most basic way would be the cost factor. Simply put how much does it cost to put in a say Microsoft server and that of a Linux server of the same specs. That should tell us the story. Sadly it does not.
The devil apparently lies in the detail. So, while open source systems are downright inexpensive to implement when compared to proprietary systems, but there are a lot of other costs that are involved, namely administrative and training costs. Because of the pervasiveness of proprietary systems like Microsoft, getting people to work on MS Word is much easier that on OpenOffice Word processor. Thus it is often said that rather than focusing the total cost of acquisition (TCA), it is better to focus on the total cost of operation (TCO) over the software's life cycle.
Yet, even keeping the TCO in mind, open source systems do tend to be cheaper (look at the box item on implementation of open office at IDSP, Pakistan). Cost wise, open source is often a winner all the way depending on what is the IT infrastructure you have in mind.
Prohibitive licensing cost
It is a known fact that for the proprietary systems the biggest cost component is the licensing one. While there are some discounts for the enterprise systems, when compared to consumer ones, yet it often translates into quite a hefty package. The basic argument is that this high cost ensures that the companies are able to invest into R&D and thus able to release much more efficient software, which would not have been possible otherwise.
Whereas the open source is free, isn't it? Not always. As quite like proprietary software, there are a lot of vendors in enterprise space that license the open source software, like Red Hat, Novell, etc. In the open space, there are a lot of vendors, like IBM, Sun (now Oracle), that were also into consultancy. So there might be a cost differential between proprietary and open source for an enterprise, it is not completely skewed as it is often portrayed. Unless and until you believe in a hands-on approach, or are working with a partner whom you implicitly trust. As there are many flavours of open source the confusion is also quite high. Thus, it is misnomer that there is no cost really associated with open source, as it is equally corporatized like proprietary systems is.
An issue of manageability
Proponents of proprietary systems also highlight the fact that it is managing an open source system is fairly complex and cumbersome. The idea that you need to be a hardcore geek to be able to tinker around with kernels, etc. has gained much credence over the past many years. If you need ease of use, go for proprietary systems.
While, that was true till recently, the scene has changed over the past few years. With the open source companies paying a lot of attention on GUI and ease of use, there is not much difference left between the two. In fact, were you to compare say an Ubuntu OS with that of Microsoft Windows, there would hardly be just nominal difference between them. The open source players have understood that to reach out to the lay audience, they need to engage them with simplicity. Thus you need not be a geek anymore to implement and operate an open source system.
More secure?
Another big factor that works in favour of open source systems is that it is seemingly more secure and robust, as there has not been any major spyware, or viruses. Often, there is no need at all to install an anti-virus solution that eats a good part of computer memory. Since Linux is a derivative of UNIX which was built on the foundation of robustness and security, it is often dubbed to be more robust.
Another thing that works in favour of open source is the higher uptime. There are hardly ever time when one would have heard of a Linux crash. In Linux the core operating system (kernel) is separate from the GUl (X-Window) from the applications (OpenOffice.org, etc). Linux doesn't require frequent re-installation. Most things in Linux can be fixed without requiring re-installation. The benefit of this is all the users preferences can be preserved even if the OS needs to be re-installed. The case is quite different when it comes to proprietary systems, as there is a lot of attacks and issues with them.
How pervasive is open source
Most of the proprietary systems proponents proclaim that the reason why open source is more secure and there hasn't been any attacks is because of low level of open source installation. The whole open source universe is so small that no hacker, etc. bothers about attacking them.
But delve a little deeper and the whole claim seems out to be pretty hollow. For instance, it's basically impossible to use the Internet without using some Open Source as close to 60% of the web servers run on Apache. Majority of Smartphones are powered by Open Source (Symbian, Android, Linux). Majority of web websites are powered by open source like WordPress, etc. 95% of the top supercomputers run Linux. In fact, Linux can be found in Sony TVs, Linksys Routers, Tvios, Nokia phones. MacOSX has around 10% market share (depending who does the numbers) and their kernel is Open Source. Thus, it is fallacy to say that the universe of open source is a limited one. In fact it is very ubiquitous.
One of the best things that open source still has is a wide and highly diffused support base. Help and aid on any subject can be readily found on the scores and scores of forums that are propagate open source. Also there are numerous websites that list freewares and applications that can be downloaded and installed immediately. Unlike, in a proprietary system, where you are completely by yourself or at the mercy of the consultant, there is still a safety net for open source. All you have to go online and ask for help. Quite like I did while working on the story.
In the end, going by the passion of the people who responded to my query on open source, it still seems like there are a lot of myths and half-truths that associated with the issue. But that should not be a hindrance when it comes to implementing an open source system.
Written by Shashwat D.C.
Posted in Feature: Indian IT
Tagged with Microsoft, Open Source, Proprietary, RoI, Ubuntu
« Why I delete more friends on FB, than adding new ones?
Ego Cogito…??
Why I delete more friends on FB, than adding new ones?
Now hot, now cold climate-wallahs
Dear MF Hussain-saab
A letter from Mrs. Ramalinga
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shashi on Why I delete more friends on FB, than adding new ones?
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Song lyrics by Bryce Fox. Check-out these awesome song lyrics by the artist, learn every word of your favourite song and sing it like Bryce Fox. Get one of the 2 lyrics and watch the video by artist Bryce Fox.


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Auto News | News | Steel
Here's Why Tesla's Cybertruck Looks Like That
When Elon Musk unveiled Tesla's new Cybertruck last week, the design had a lot of people scratching their heads. The linear, angular design of the new 4-door, electric pickup truck looks more like an artist from the 1980's rendering what trucks will look like in the year 2020 than an actual truck in 2020.
The sharp angles and complete lack of any curved surface had many wondering why the truck looks so unlike anything else on the road. Apparently Musk is tired of answering questions about the design. On Sunday, November 24th he tweeted "Reason Cybertruck is so planar is that you can't stamp ultra-hard 30X steel, because it breaks the stamping press. Even bending it requires a deep score on inside of the bend, which is how the prototype was made."
The stainless steel body of the Cybertruck is an ultra-hard, cold-rolled stainless steel alloy that, as Elon explained, cannot be shaped in stamping press like every other car or truck. The exoskeleton design of the truck dictates the need for such rigid material. It's also strong enough to stop a 9mm bullet according to Musk's presentation. The steel used in the construction of the Cybertruck is the same alloy used on SpaceX's Starship 1. Perhaps he got a deal on the stuff.
The new truck will be offered in 3 versions, a single-motor version with a range of 250+ miles which will retail for $39,900, a dual-motor version with a range of 300+ miles starting at $49,900, and a 3-motor version with a range of just over 500 miles starting at $69,900.
Apparently the unorthodox design is finding a footing with some buyers. As of the writing of this article, Elon Musk is claiming he has 200,000 orders. Delivery of the truck will begin in late 2021.
Episode 385: How Is Manufacturing Doing In Other Countries?
Researchers Create New 3D Printing Method For Manufacturing Complex Glass Objects


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Donald Trump: Clinton Gets Early Christmas Card.
Donald Trump appeared to be the flavour of the month and had been flying high on the American political Richter scale. But it seems that either the wheels are coming off the rails or he may have danced himself lame, when the main dance is yet to come. His early approval rating is nothing short of what some will associate with change, while others may see it as a flash in the pan. He has been a welcome break from the drab drivel that politicians are so notoriously known to spew day in day out. Trump has not only been a point of departure from the status quo, but has brought a breath of fresh air to the political discourse. Unfortunately for him, his contribution to the debate will only count for comedy value; if the recent Republican Party debate is anything to go by.
We don't need to go far back in history to recall the kind of fanfare that greeted the introduction of Sarah Palin, when senator McCain gave her a ride on the Republican Presidential ticket, and Republicans have never forgiven McCain for that. Her gender seemed to be the only good thing going for her in political terms. For God's sake, this was the woman who reportedly said, "The people don't elect U.S. presidents, God does". She lives in the United States of America, but believed in "DIVIDED" States of America. During her initial foray into the political jungle of the American landscape, it was downright comical to see how she was hurriedly hustled through photo opportunities, kept from doing interviews, and hidden from reporters by the Republican- friendly press pack.
In the initial stages, she was very good at reading from Teleprompters, especially in front of conservative supporters. She was the darling of the Republican ticket who was going to land the White House. But in her first teleprompter-free interview, it was so easy to peel the veneer of "the lipstick mum" façade. Many came to realise why she had been kept quarantined from the media all that while. In short, she came across as uninformed and inarticulate. She was just another girl next door, who hadn't the foggiest of what she was up against. She was brave though; give her that, but this was a bridge too far. She came across as more suited to the ecclesiastical persuasion
It looks like one comes along every 8 years, and this time, it is Donald Trump. There seems to be a similarity here with Trump, although he comes across as more brash and a rabble rouser. With Trump, what you see is what you get. He has been hitting high notes with controversial statements since he made his intentions clear. He has been seen as the man to beat for the Republican ticket to the White House. Trump has made sure that he has been hugging the headlines with his comments about Latinos, women, everything and everything. Even the modern day American hero, Senator John McCain has not been spared. To his credit though, and in a series of tweets, Trump said that "political correctness is killing our country. "Weakness". "So many politically correct fools in our country. We have to get back to work, stop wasting time and energy on nonsense".
Love him or loathe him, this man speaks from the heart. That and that alone is enough to put him out of the race; as that was mistake number 1. Trump has already failed to grasp one of the necessary white blood cells that make up a successful politician. You have to be or appear to be "politically correct", if not all the time. Politicians have been known to have the propensity to be everything to every man, every time. They support issues that even go against every artery in their body. They are adept at following the changing tide of times. Take President Obama for example. In 2008, he said, "I believe marriage is between a man and a woman. I am not in favour of gay marriage". That was before he became the President of the United States of America. In May 9, 2012, "I have been going through an evolution on the issue. I have just concluded that for me personally it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that I think same –sex couples should be able to get married". That was when he was into his second term in office as president.
Across the pond in the UK, the British Prime Minister, David Cameron previously opposed the repeal of Section 28 legislation, which banned local authorities from promoting the acceptability of homosexuality. In 2000, and while in opposition he accused the then Labour Prime Minister Tony Blair of being against family values and of pursuing the "promotion of homosexuality in schools". In 2003, he was elected as Conservative leader and later voted in favour of civil partnerships. So Mr. Trump could learn a lesson or two from these political stalwarts; that "political correctness" is the oxygen of politicians, and that "only God and fools don't change". Donald Trump may not be your ideal politician, but he is genuine and speaks from the heart. He comes across as a plausible zealot that is bursting at the seams to make his views known. That is what makes him different. He is honest, but at what cost?
The problem with the Trump camp is that he has already successfully marginalised two groups of the American populace that any American politician can ill afford; the Latinos and women. Just ask Obama. If the recently held Republican debate is anything to go by, Donald Trump will need a political life support machine to survive this race. For starters, this was an in- house and intra-Republican party affair; and it was fought in an atmosphere of friendly fire. So what will happen if for argument sake, Trump wins the Republican nomination and the debate goes tribal with the Democrats? What happens when the political archaeologists take their spades and get to work into his past?
There is an African saying that if you want to know your real genealogy, contest the position of chieftaincy (translated). Ask Obama. It was not surprising that Obama could not resist the urge to take a swipe at his detractors when he visited Kenya recently. He said that some folks back home would interpret his visit as a trip to look for his birth certificate.
Donald Trump had given some Republican Party supporters a fresh hope for the White house, but his "blood" comment about Megyn Kelly has understandably drawn outrage; leaving many Republicans to question whether Trump is the real deal. We know that politicians have the tendency to put their foot in their mouths once every blue moon. What makes his position scary for some people is that, despite given the opportunity to clarify or apologise for his comments, Trump and his camp have refused to even acknowledge the gaff. That is a scary trait in someone who wants to lead the modern world. It is no wonder that some Republicans are now in a hurry to distance themselves from him. Trump was dumped from the "Red state meeting"; a meeting that could have given him one of the best platforms to get closer to the core of the Republican Party. He has blown that chance, because of his recalcitrance to repent or even admit that he spoke out of term.
Will he be able to survive, after showing a chink in his armour? Judging by the debate last week, he may have unconsciously shown that he lacks the thick skin that all politicians are expected to get. He has shown how easy it is to get under his skin, and how easy it is to get him rankled. Will he be able to deal with the complex issues of foreign policy, the economy, civil rights etc.? Can he get the women and Latino votes back on side? Tough ask.
Like him or loathe him, Trump is an honest, and he is anything but a politician. He has shown his lack of the rudimentary aspects of politics. Some may say that he speaks from the heart, but too honest to be a politician. If anything can be taken from the debate, Trump has shown that he is a maverick, an eccentric and a plausible zealot. The question the American voter should be grappling is whether he can be trusted. We know that when America sneezes, the world catches cold. So can the Americans trust him with the world's economy? Donald Trump's view about foreign policy makes George W. Bush look like the Dalia Lama. Can he be trusted with world peace; especially at a time when Obama and the whole world, with the exception of Israel and the usual suspects, have recently shoved Iran into a little corner to put its nuclear threat in check? Can he be trusted with the nuclear button? Trump, you are fired.
Hillary Clinton will be wishing Trump gets the Republican ticket.
Don't forget to turn the lights out before you leave the room.


text:
Alternatives To Court
Some legal disputes are resolved without having to go to court.
One alternative to trying a case in court is mediation, a process where an impartial third party, called a mediator, referees the dispute between the parties and suggests possible solutions. The parties themselves actually reach an agreement as to how to resolve their dispute. Mediation is voluntary, and the parties are not required to reach an agreement.
North Carolina has an extensive private mediation program that operates independently of the court system. Dispute settlement centers around the state rely on trained volunteers to serve as mediators. Although many of the centers' cases are generated privately, they also receive referrals from the district court on minor criminal matters in which mediation between the offender and victim might resolve the matter.
Learn more about mediation programs.
Another alternative to trying a case in court in North Carolina is court-ordered arbitration. Arbitration is submission of a dispute to a third party who renders a decision after hearing arguments and reviewing evidence. Arbitration is generally less formal and less time consuming than going to court.
Unlike mediation, the arbitrator actually decides the outcome of the case rather than just helping the parties to negotiate. A party who is not satisfied with the arbitrator's decision has a right to have the case heard by the district or superior court.
Learn more about court-ordered arbitration.
All Things Judicial Podcast
Routes of Appeal
Structure of the Courts
Types of Courts


Volunteer dental professionals make a difference!
Last year, with a combined budget of just $4 million, 24 Delta Dental grantee programs provided almost $12 million worth of free dental care!
Volunteer dental professionals are the lifeblood of charitable dentistry. Here are some ways you can make a difference.
♦ Volunteer at a free dental clinic. Use our Resource for Dental Care guide to locate clinics that need your help!
♦ Sign up with D-DENT or EODDS to provide dental care in the comfort of your own dental office. You choose the number of patients you want to serve each year. Even just one patient a year can make a huge difference!
♦ Volunteer at an annual event like Oklahoma Mission of Mercy or RAM Oklahoma.
♦ Close the office for a day of rewarding team-building by volunteering your entire dental staff at a free dental clinic or event.
Do you have dental equipment you'd like to donate to a free clinic? Contact our Foundation Team and we'll help connect you to an organization that can put your used but useful equipment to work!
You don't have to be a dental professional to help improve someone's smile!
♦ General volunteers and donations are needed at free dental clinics year round. Use our Resource for Dental Care guide to find one that serves your community!
♦ It takes hundreds of general volunteers to conduct Oklahoma Mission of Mercy and RAM Oklahoma events each year. There's a variety of tasks for general volunteers, including patient registration, food service, escorting patients and more.
Our School-Based Sealant Program provides dental sealants, fluoride varnish, and oral health instruction to children in low-income schools.
For details, contact Emma Brito.
Is your charitable clinic hiring? Contact us, to have your job posted here.


text:
Q: Google Ads API - restrict permissions for one ad account I'm developing an application for a client that needs to be hosted in one of their systems.
I already have a developer token and a functioning API but it has access to every ad account I own under my MCC.
I would like to have a token that only has access to a restricted subset of ad accounts, as I obviously cannot share my full token with the client.
I have already tried the service account authentication but it doesn't anwswer my needs.
edit: any tips on sharing secrets is welcome if the functionality is not natively supported by the API

A: There's a distinction between the developer token and the OAuth2 access token required to interact with the Ads API.

*

*The developer token identifies your ownership of and responsibility for the application making the API calls. It is used to enforce your quota limits, for example. The developer token itself does not give permission to access any Google Ads accounts, it just proves that you have signed up successfully to the Ads API. As far as I know you are not supposed to share it with any other party.

*The OAuth2 access token is a grant given by a specific Google account. It determines the permissions to read or mutate a given Google Ads account, depending on the access level that the granting user itself possesses.

To summarize: it's the access token that determines which Google Ads account you can access with an API call, not the developer token.
So to answer your question: you can create a new Google account and give it access rights to those Ads accounts that you want your client to be able to see. The OAuth2 credentials that you create using this Google account will then only be valid for API calls to the restricted set of Ads accounts.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


New Zealand's competition watchdog has accused a host of airlines, including Qantas, of a global conspiracy to raise the price of freighting cargo.
The Commerce Commission in New Zealand on Monday said it had begun High Court proceedings against 13 airlines and seven staff, including senior executives.
Up to 60 airlines globally and many individuals were potentially involved in the alleged price fixing.
The Commission's action focused on those airlines that had the greatest impact on New Zealand, and allegedly the most culpable people.
In a statement the Commission alleged the airlines first entered into an illegal global agreement in 1999/2000.
"The airlines imposed the fuel surcharges between 2000 and 2006. The allegations also involve a series of regional price fixing agreements," the statement said.
"In addition, the Commission alleges that a number of airlines conspired to price fix through the imposition of a security surcharge immediately following the 9/11 terrorist attacks," it said.
It said all the people named in the proceedings were managers who were allegedly involved in promoting the conspiracy or deliberately refrained from stopping the conduct.
Commerce Commission chair Paula Rebstock said the alleged collusion had caused extensive harm to the New Zealand economy.
"New Zealand is a long way from its overseas markets and so the harm to our economy and our ability to compete internationally will have been disproportionately greater than in other jurisdictions," Rebstock said.
Airlines earn an estimated $NZ400 million-plus ($A330 million) annually transporting air cargo to and from New Zealand, and during the seven years this agreement allegedly occurred, total revenue was about $NZ2.9 billion ($A2.4 billion), the Commission said.
The New Zealand action comes after the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission took action in October against Qantas and British Airways for alleged price fixing in the air freight market.
The federal court in Sydney last week fined Qantas $A20 million and British Airways $A5 million.
Some of the airlines named in the New Zealand proceedings were cooperating with the current investigation and an early resolution may be possible, the Commission said.
The airlines named by New Zealand authorities are: Qantas Airways, Air New Zealand, British Airways, Cargolux International Airlines S.A, Cathay Pacific Airways, Emirates, PT Garuda Indonesia, Japan Airlines International, Korean Airlines, Malaysian Airline System Berhad Limited, Singapore Airlines Cargo Pte Limited and Singapore Airlines Limited, Thai Airways and United Airlines.


(NYTimes) 99Taxis is raising US$100m, despite economic and political crises in Brazil.
How does an aspiring entrepreneur navigate the economic and political crises dogging Brazil? Build a growing taxi-app start-up, naturally. The financing will come.
That's the approach being taken by 99Taxis, based in São Paulo and one of Uber's main competitors in Brazil. It has begun a new financing round, seeking about US$100m, according to two people familiar with the company's plans. That would be one of the largest fund-raising efforts for a Brazilian Internet start-up in the last decade, including the boom years.
The details, including which investment firm will lead the round, have not yet been completed, the individuals said, because the company is still deciding whether to bring on new investors or stay with its current ones.
However, the New York-based investment firm Tiger Global Management, which led two prior rounds for 99Taxis this year, is expected to put in more money, one of the individuals said.
Don Creery, who drives for both Uber and Lyft, working last week in Seattle, where drivers are now permitted to unionize. Seattle Will Allow Uber and Lyft Drivers to Form Unions.
Uber's headquarters in San Francisco. The car-hailing company is cutting about 20 jobs in its policy and communications department.Uber Is Said to Be Shaking Up Policy and Communications Team.
Even though Tiger led Uber's latest financing round, it is expected to invest in this round. It also backed its main competitors in other large emerging markets: Didi Kuaidi in China, GrabTaxi in Indonesia, and Ola in India.
So far Uber has not been able to win any of those markets and faces long odds in doing so. That is most likely true in Brazil as well.
In the next few weeks, 99Taxis expects to complete the new round's structure, with the formal close expected to take place during the first quarter of next year, according to one of the individuals, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly about the plan.
The new financing would allow 99Taxis, which was founded in 2012 and whose current largest outside shareholder is Tiger Global, to continue to stay ahead of Uber here.
Brazil has two main taxi-app incumbents, 99Taxis and Easy Taxi, which is backed by Rocket Internet. Since February, Easy Taxi's market share has steadily declined, based on the percentage of mobile users who have installed the app, according to data provided by the research firm 7Park Data. Easy Taxi's share peaked at 18.9 percent in February but fell to 14.8 percent by mid-November. And 99Taxis "has been on a steady ascent," the firm said, growing to 15.6 percent from 9 percent this year; it has been the market leader since October. Uber was No. 3 at 6.5 percent.
Uber, the Silicon Valley company, started operating in Brazil only last year during the World Cup and ran into many problems as it sought to expand in this country, Latin America's largest economy.
It has drawn the ire of hundreds of politicians and been banned in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It has angered taxi drivers and labor leaders here. Uber has sought to portray those critics as old-school, anti-innovation protectionists.
Yet many of those taxi drivers use 99Taxis, whose earlier investors include Qualcomm Ventures and the São Paulo-based Monashees Capital, whose limited partners include Cisco Systems and Silicon Valley Bank's fund of funds group SVB Capital, hardly opponents of innovation or free-market economics.
Uber caught a break here recently. After the company filed a complaint with Brazil's antitrust watchdog, the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, or CADE, the agency said it would investigate taxi unions for what it argued was their "anti-competitive behavior" against Uber. Yet that investigation is expected to take months and does not target the taxi-app start-ups.
The economic research unit of CADE published a study this month concluding that for now, Uber was not taking business away from taxi drivers or 99Taxis and Easy Taxi.
On the contrary, the report said of Uber that, "rather than absorbing a significant portion of rides made by taxis, in truth, in a majority of cases, it obtained new clients who do not use taxis." It contended that the company was "generating a new demand." Still, it acknowledged that that could change once Uber became more aggressive as it had in other markets.
The taxi start-up's new capital, if the deal closes, would pair with good news from the São Paulo city government. This month, in a new program, it awarded 5,000 new licenses to taxi drivers who want to operate a so-called black-car service. In order to participate, they are required to use a mobile app.
The initiative has since been temporarily suspended by São Paulo's Court of Accounts, which said it did not receive required documents from the mayor's office in sufficient time, but most expect this to be resolved soon and that the program will move forward early next year.
The program grew out of the aftermath of the City Council's recent passage of a bill banning unauthorized ride-sharing services, like Uber. Although the mayor, Fernando Haddad, signed it into law, he has made urban mobility a focus, and so sought a third way, acknowledging the city's taxi fleet needed upgrades.
This new initiative is likely to benefit local companies like 99Taxis, which since its founding only works with licensed drivers. That allows it to go head-to-head with Uber in the premium ride service category, which it had not been able to do previously. It is calling its new service 99Top.
Drivers will have to buy the black cars themselves, but will receive discounted financing from the public bank Banco do Brasil, said Rodrigo Pirajá, executive director of SP Negocios, which is running the program for the city.
Uber declined a chance to participate in this, he said.
Yet Uber's fate here is hardly sealed. One result of CADE's current investigation is that São Paulo is looking again for a way to incorporate Uber. Mr. Pirajá said he and São Paulo's mayor's office were examining alternative ways to normalize Uber. "It is under analysis," he said. A decision is expected next month.
Uber through a spokeswoman declined to make anyone available for comment. A Tiger Global Management spokeswoman declined to comment. An email to 99Taxis' press official requesting information on fund-raising was not answered.


Everybody who's involved in defining or delivering capabilities that add value. We expect you know what User Stories and Acceptance Tests are.
Defining value, reasoning why those values matter and figuring out how a project will deliver that value is crucial to a project's success. One of the results we've seen consistently is higher value, for less cost. So why do so few projects define and measure the values they were created to achieve? Because agreeing on values with diverse stakeholders is hard. Experience how to build business value models based on business value drivers to determine what's really needed. See how the models help you achieve our projects' goals. Learn how you can help define and deliver value.


Thank you for being a Mary's Tack and Feed customer!
What is Mary's return policy on products other than saddles?
Sometimes it happens. That lovely item is just a little too big or a bit too small or the shade of red doesn't really match the way you hoped it would. No worries. Just fill out the blue brochure that arrived with your package, or scroll down to fill out & submit our online returns/exchange form within 90 days of purchase. Customer is responsible for return shipping charges. Be sure the item is in its original packaging in unused condition and send it back inside a shipping box. Please include the best phone number to reach you so we can verify your return.
Some items might be repaired versus exchanged - based on manufacturer recommendations. Sales are FINAL on red or yellow tag close out items - please make sure you have the right size. Any food, supplement, or sterile packaged item MAY NOT be returned once opened. Items purchased by credit card must be refunded to same credit card used for original purchase. Purchases made by check will be refunded by check (makes sense), 10 business days required for processing. In store purchases, paid for with cash, will be refunded up to $75.00. Refunds for purchases paid for with cash greater than $75.00 will be issued via check.
Please don't put the shipping label directly on your product packaging. Include your transaction #, name, address and reason for return or exchange along with your item and we'll happily refund the purchase price (minus any shipping charges that may apply). We strongly recommend that you use an insured and trackable shipping company (UPS, FEDEX or USPS Insured).
What's the return policy on saddles?
Whether you order one over the phone, in store or through our website, you've got four days after you receive it to give it a try. So try it right away! If the weather is bad or your horse has a sore hoof, call us. We're super accommodating, but you've gotta tell us if there's a problem. Customers are limited to a maximum of 4 saddle trials. After that, there is a service charge per saddle trial.
Once you're ready to give the saddle a try, remember that it needs to come back to us in the exact condition you received it if you decide to return or exchange during the saddle trial process.
Always wrap your leathers/fenders before you ride. Try plastic wrap or an old tube sock with the toe cut off.
You may always ride in your tall boots or half chaps to get a true feel of how the saddle fits. Please no dark jeans or dark chaps when trialing Western Saddles.
Always use a saddle pad between your horse and the saddle to keep those panels and flaps sweat-free.
Western Saddles, please protect the stirrups with plastic wrap or vet wrap.
Never oil or clean the saddle unless you're ready to give it its forever home.
Please remember that after 4 days the saddle is YOURS!
We encourage you to call us during your saddle trial period to let us know how it is going, or if you have any questions. Our expert Sales Associates are here to help and ensure you get the perfect fit.
What happens if I return a saddle marked or damaged?
If you're careful and follow our guidelines, there shouldn't be a problem. If there is damage or signs of use on the saddle, however, we reserve the right to charge a restocking fee to compensate for fixing it or to make up for the discount we'll have to give the next person who wants to buy it. If the marks or damage are very severe, you may have bought yourself a saddle. So please be careful!


text:
package com.sun.app.service.front;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;

import com.sun.app.service.BaseService;
import com.sun.core.common.PagingList;

public class FrontNewsService extends BaseService {
	private static final String HOME_NEWS = "SELECT id,title "
			+ "FROM news " + "WHERE is_home = 1 order by updatetime desc limit 0,6";

	/**
	 * 获得index页面的新闻
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public List getHomeNews() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return jt.queryForList(HOME_NEWS);
	}

	private static final String HOME_NEWS_TYPE = "SELECT id,name,image from sys_news_type where is_home = 1";

	/**
	 * 获得新闻页面所显示的类型
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public List getNewsType() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return jt.queryForList(HOME_NEWS_TYPE);
	}

	private static final String HOME_NEWS_BY_TYPEID = "SELECT id,title,updatetime "
			+ "FROM news " + "WHERE type_id = ? limit 4";

	/**
	 * 根据类型获得4条新闻
	 *
	 * @param typeId
	 * @return
	 */
	public List getNewsList(Integer typeId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return jt.queryForList(HOME_NEWS_BY_TYPEID, typeId);
	}

	private static final String HOME_ALL_TYPE = "SELECT id,name from sys_news_type order by sort";

	/**
	 * 获得全部类型
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public List getAllType() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return jt.queryForList(HOME_ALL_TYPE);
	}

	private static final String GET_NEWS_BY_ID = "SELECT * FROM news n ,sys_news_type t WHERE n.type_id = t.id AND n.id = ?";

	public Map getNewsContentById(String newsId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try {
			Map<String, Object> map = jt.queryForList(GET_NEWS_BY_ID, newsId)
					.get(0);
			return map;
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			return null;
		}
	}

	private static final String GET_NEWS_BY_TYPE_ID = "SELECT n.id,n.UPDATETIME,n.title FROM news n ,sys_news_type t WHERE n.type_id = t.id AND n.type_id = ? ";

	public List getNewsListByTypeId(String typeId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		return jt.queryForList(GET_NEWS_BY_TYPE_ID, typeId);

	}

	public PagingList getNewsPageListByTypeId(String typeId,
			HttpServletRequest request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return getPagingList(GET_NEWS_BY_TYPE_ID, request, typeId);
	}

	private static final String GET_TYPE_NAME_BY_ID = "SELECT id,name FROM sys_news_type WHERE id = ?";

	public Map getTypeMap(String typeId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try {
			List<Map<String, Object>> types = jt.queryForList(
					GET_TYPE_NAME_BY_ID, typeId);
			Map<String, Object> map = types.get(0);
			return map;
		} catch (DataAccessException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
	}

	@Override
	public Integer add(HttpServletRequest request, String ip) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public Integer delete(HttpServletRequest request, String ip) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public Integer update(HttpServletRequest request, String ip) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return null;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub