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The History of Saint Patrick's Day
Holidays Medieval Origins
Edward Whalen February 25, 2019 May 15, 2019
By Dr. Edward Whelan
What is the history of Saint Patrick's Day?
St Patrick's Day is the National Day of Ireland and it was observed by those of Irish heritage around the globe. The day is the anniversary of the death of St Patrick who is the patron saint of Ireland. The patron saint of Ireland was not even Irish! Patrick was Welsh or English and kidnapped by Irish pirates and enslaved. Later he escaped, became a Deacon and returned to Ireland and battled against the pagan Druids as he attempted to convert the Irish. He was very successful and by the time of his death in 518 A.D. the island was mainly Christian.
We do not know how St Patrick's day was celebrated in the centuries after the death of the 'Apostle of the Irish'. However, over time as he came to be regarded as the patron saint of the Irish the day of his death became a religious holiday. It was not an official holiday and was not a Holy Day. It does seem that many people observed the death of St Patrick by attending masses. However, it seemed that the holiday was not very important and was only of the many Saints Days that were celebrated by the Irish. There is evidence that Irish clerics and monks celebrated the day as an unofficial holiday in Europe.
Luke Wadding and the history of Saint Patrick's Day
If one were to credit one man with the 'invention' of St Patrick's Day was Luke Wadding (1588-1657). He was an Irish Franciscan Monk and was a great scholar. Wadding had fled Ireland because of persecution by the English. He was able to persuade the Roman Catholic Church to insert Saint Patrick's Day into the Church Calendar and this meant that every Catholic had to attend mass to observe the life and death of the 5th century saint.
Luke Wadding
The Pope probably granted Wadding's request because he wanted to support Irish Catholics who were being repressed because of their faith. St Patrick's day was marked by religious observance both in Ireland and elsewhere. Those Irish who were in exile
From the seventeenth century the day was marked by religious events in Ireland. People attended mass and many would go to Holy Wells, that were associated with the saint. At these wells people would pray for the intercession of the saint. Many people would also go on pilgrimage to sites associated with the saint. One popular pilgrimage site was the burial place of St Patrick in the Church at Downpatrick.
For many centuries St Patrick's Day was an important Holy Day. The Irish may have eaten meals to commemorate the Day, but it was not a day of wild celebrations. This was also in part because the saint's day fell during the period of Lent when Christians fast and abstain from many foods and alcohol. For many centuries St Patrick's Day was not a great deal of fun. The day was not only marked by Irish Catholics but also by Irish Protestants.
From the eighteenth century there was an exodus of Irish people to foreign shores. They were fleeing political repression, famine and poverty. Many of them emigrated to North America. From the early eighteenth century the Irish in America celebrated St Patrick's day. A group of Irish Protestants held a celebration in Boston to mark the death of the patron saint of Ireland. This was only a celebration and was not a parade. Many Irishmen served in the British army and they served in the North American colonies. Some of the earliest known parades in North America were organized by Irish soldiers.
There are records of a parade by Irish soldiers celebrating the Saint's holiday in Montreal, Canada in the mid-eighteenth century. In the 1760s a celebration of the saint's holiday was help in Boston. This was rather an informal celebration. The first known St Patrick's Day in America was held in New York in 1766. There was also a small parade that was organized in Philadelphia in 1771. This could be classed as perhaps the first real St Patrick's Day parade
Many Irish immigrants served in the Revolutionary Army and many of the Founding Fathers, including George Washington, were sympathetic to the cause of Irish freedom. The future first President of the USA allowed his troops to celebrate St Patrick's Day in 1780. After 1800 there was a wave of Irish immigrants arriving in America. They formed self-help associations and they helps parades in Irish neighborhoods in New York and elsewhere.
The Catholic Irish emigrants had a very strong identity in part because of the prejudice that they faced from so called 'nativists' who discriminated against them. From the 1820s onwards, St Patricks Day Parades were celebrated on the 17th of March in many cities. These parades were very controversial, and many non-Irish residents resented and disliked these events. They were seen as over expression of Roman Catholicism and this antagonized many Protestants. Moreover, many people deplored the anti-British sentiments expressed at these celebrations.
Irish nationalist groups such as the Fenians who launched a revolt against the British in the 1860s used the parades to raise funds and gain support. The actual Spectacles were rather similar to today's. The police and the firemen who were often Irish would take part in the parade. Local associations and bands would also participate. It was in the 19th century that St. Patrick's Day parade became associated with wild celebrations. Many parades were marked by public disturbances and fighting. This continued despite the condemnation of the local Catholic bishops.
In Ireland, St. Patrick's Day remained largely a religious festival. This was because it fell during Lent. This was to change under the influence of Irish-Americans, many politicians lobbied the British to recognise the day as a public holiday. Irish nationalists achieved their goals in 1903. The 17th of March was declared a public holiday in Ireland. Unlike in America the day was not a day of public celebration and fun. In Ireland the bars were closed, and no alcohol could be served. It was a 'dry' day and no alcohol could be consumed.
Naturally it did not stop people from having drinks in the privacy of their own home and there were often private parties that toasted the patron saint. Then there were no parades. This was because of the influence of the Catholic Church. In 1922 Ireland was portioned into the Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland. The Republic became independent while Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom. In the Republic, St Patricks day continued to be a public holiday but this was not the case in Northern Ireland.
The first Saint Patrick's Day parade
The first recorded St Patrick's Day Parade only took place in Waterford in the 1930s. In general there were no parades held mainly because of the opposition of the Catholic Church. This was to remain the case until the 1960s. The Irish government was very aware of the popularity of the Parades in the United States and Canada. They decided that if they held these Parades in Ireland it would boost the economy and especially the crucial tourist industry. In 1966 the government of Sean Lemass persuaded the Catholic Church to drop their opposition to the sale of alcohol on March 17th.
They relented and this led to the introduction of American style Parades and celebrations throughout Ireland. Soon every village and town in Ireland had their own parade and St Patrick's Day became renowned as a day of heavy drinking. The success of St Patrick's Day was such that by the 1990s the Irish government declared a week long celebration of the holiday. By then the day had become largely stripped of its religious significance. However especially in rural areas, people still mark the day by going to mass and visiting Holy Wells.
Since the Partition of Ireland there have been attempts by groups such as the Irish Republican Army to unify Ireland by violent means. The period in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles saw almost 30 years of violence and terrorism. St Patrick's Day was often used by these groups to publicize their goals, especially in North America. Since the Good Friday Agreement 1998, St Patrick's Day Parade has become more of a celebration of all things Irish.
The popularity of the St Patrick's Day Parades and their color and pageantry persuaded many Irish communities around the world to hold celebrations. By the end of the twentieth century there were annual Parades held around the world. There are now Parades held anywhere where there are people of Irish descent. There are parades in Britain, Australian, Canada, Montserrat, New Zealand, South Africa and almost every European capital. Typically, these events are celebrated on the Saturday or Sunday nearest the 17th day of March.
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Kraftwerk announce New York museum residency
by: Dave Lewis February 16, 2012
German trend-setters Kraftwerk have always put as much effort in their visual presentation as they have in their music, and New York's fancy MoMA is heralding the electronic group's innovations with a rare residency that will celebrate Kraftwerk's 30+ year history.
The museum is promising an "exploration of the sonic and visual experiments" of the iconic group, as they perform their entire catalogue over eight nights in the Museum's Marron Atrium. Each show will include a live performance and "3-D visualization" of one of Kraftwerk's studio albums.
With their cerebral, hypnotic live show, which eschews most human movement in favor of synchronized lights, post-modern imagery and cold, metallic electronic instruments, is well-suited for a museum setting.
The Dusseldorf group have never been known for being road warriors, and last hit the U.S. in 2008, after founding member Florian Schneider exited the band. On a personal note, seeing them at Coachella in 2004 was a revelatory experience, whereas their subsequent '08 performance at the same festival felt flat and uninspired (which may have been due to the Schneider factor, or the move from the more intimate dance tent to the massive main stage). The only original member at the NYC shows will be leader Ralf Hutter.
In typically chilly fashion, the series is called Kraftwerk Retrospective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8.
"Kraftwerk is an influential force not only in music, but also in visual culture," Klaus Biesenbach, MoMA's chief curator at large, said in a release. "Through their experimentation with how images and sound are shaped by the latest recording and visualisation tools, they have anticipated the impact of technology on everyday life, and have captured the human condition in an era of rapidly changing mobility and telecommunication."
They've certainly helped inspire everyone from Daft Punk to LCD Soundsystem, David Bowie to Big Black and Coldplay to Kanye, and Kraftwerk's minimalist melodies continue to influence electronic musicians allover the Computer World.
Here are the MoMA dates:
Tuesday, April 10 – Autobahn (1974)
Wednesday, April 11 – Radio-Activity (1975)
Thursday, April 12 – Trans Europe Express (1977)
Friday, April 13 – The Man-Machine (1978)
Saturday April 14 – Computer World (1981)
Sunday, April 15 – Techno Pop (1986)
Monday, April 16 – The Mix (1991)
Tuesday, April 17 – Tour de France (2003)
Tickets – a steal at $25 – go on sale February 22. Kraftwerk will also play the Ultra Music Festival in Miami on March 23.
Tags: Autobahn, Computer World, kraftwerk, MoMA, RadioActivity, The ManMachine, TransEurope Express

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Home»Purpose, Meaning, and Passion (HBR Emotional Intelligence) (Paperback)
Purpose, Meaning, and Passion (HBR Emotional Intelligence) (Paperback)
By Harvard Business Review, Morten T. Hansen, Teresa M. Amabile
Available in our Warehouse: Usually Ships in 3-8 Days
Find your purpose at work.
In an ideal world, our work lives would be completely fulfilling and intrinsically motivating.
But what if you're stuck in a job and your heart isn't in it anymore? Or what if your company's mission seems unrelated to the work you do day in and day out? This book showcases the power of passion--and how you and your team can find it at work.
This volume includes the work of:
Morten T. Hansen
Teresa M. Amabile
Scott A. Snook
Nick Craig
This collection of articles includes Finding Meaning at Work, Even When Your Job Is Dull, by Morten Hansen and Dacher Keltner; What to Do When Your Heart Isn't in Your Work Anymore, by Andy Molinsky; You Don't Find Your Purpose--You Build It, by John Coleman; How to Find Meaning in a Job That Isn't Your True Calling, by Emily Esfahani Smith; You're Never Done Finding Purpose at Work, by Dan Pontefract; From Purpose to Impact, by Nick Craig and Scott A. Snook; Five Questions to Help Your Employees Find Their Inner Purpose, by Kristi Hedges; How to Make Work More Meaningful for Your Team, by Lewis Garrad and Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic; The Power of Small Wins, by Teresa M. Amabile and Steven J. Kramer; and The Founder of TOMS on Reimagining the Company's Mission, by Blake Mycoskie.
HOW TO BE HUMAN AT WORK.
The HBR Emotional Intelligence Series features smart, essential reading on the human side of professional life from the pages of Harvard Business Review. Each book in the series offers proven research showing how our emotions impact our work lives, practical advice for managing difficult people and situations, and inspiring essays on what it means to tend to our emotional well-being at work. Uplifting and practical, these books describe the social skills that are critical for ambitious professionals to master.
Harvard Business Review is the leading destination for smart management thinking. Through its flagship magazine, 13 international licensed editions, books from Harvard Business Review Press, and digital content and tools published on HBR.org, Harvard Business Review provides professionals around the world with rigorous insights and best practices to lead themselves and their organizations more effectively and to make a positive impact.Author social media/website info: hbr.org; @HarvardBiz; linkedin.com/company/harvard-business-review; facebook.com/harvardbusinessreview; youtube.com/user/harvardbusinessreview
Publication Date: May 8th, 2018
Series: HBR Emotional Intelligence
Personal Success
Personal Growth - Happiness
Hardcover (May 8th, 2018): $40.00


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Home › News › Events
Style queen: Isabella Blow's wardrobe on show in London
LONDON, England - Stylist, muse, mentor or simply an eccentric aristocrat with a penchant for wearing lobsters - late British fashion editor Isabella Blow was hard to pin down, but most agree she was extraordinary.
Isabella Blow | Source: Somerset House
A new exhibition in London takes a look at Blow's life and wardrobe, including some spectacular early pieces by designer Alexander McQueen and milliner Philip Treacy who she helped nurture from students to global stars.
Long before Lady Gaga, Blow was a fashion icon renowned for her irreverent sense of style.
She also worked with some of the world's best photographers and discovered top models such as Stella Tennant.
"She had a talent for spotting talent," said Shonagh Marshall, co-curator of "Isabella Blow: Fashion Galore!", which open at Somerset House on Wednesday.
"It was all about the relationships she had with people. She brought everyone together."
Despite her exuberant style, Blow suffered from acute depression and in 2007, at the age of 48, she killed herself by drinking weedkiller. It was her seventh suicide attempt in 14 months.
She left behind her beloved collection of clothes which was bought by her close friend, heiress Daphne Guinness.
Guinness is now putting them on public display for the first time, in what she said was "a bittersweet event".
"Isabella Blow made our world more vivid, trailing colour with every pace she took. It is a sorrier place for her absence," she said.
'Clothes build you up'
Born into an aristocratic English family which had long squandered its wealth, Blow began her fashion career as Anna Wintour's assistant at US Vogue in the early 1980s.
She was an eccentric even then, washing her desk with Perrier water and fast becoming known for her unconventional outfits, which only grew more outlandish when she returned to London to work for Tatler, Vogue and the Sunday Times Style magazine.
Blow was a famously early supporter of McQueen, attending his graduate fashion school show in 1992. She was so excited that she tracked down his mother and bombarded her with phone calls until McQueen got in touch.
Blow bought the entire collection on installment, paying £100 (now $160, 120 euros) a week and receiving one garment a month delivered in a rubbish bag, according to Marshall.
Some of those early designs are on display at Somerset House, including a pink silk frock coat with a black hawthorn print and a black gossamer knit top with glitter detailing.
They stand alongside items from McQueen's seminal autumn/winter 1996 collection, such as a beautiful lilac silk corset with appliqued lace and jet embroidery.
The 'Dante' show was dedicated to Blow and catapulted McQueen into the big league. A few months later, McQueen was named head designer at Givenchy. Like Blow, he took his own life in 2010.
Blow also spotted hat designer Treacy at art school and the pair became close friends.
She styled the milliner's 1996 collection to huge acclaim, and the exhibition includes a striking silver half-cloche hat with a Rolls Royce figurine on top which featured in the show.
Blow wore many of her proteges' creations, including a legendary Treacy hat featuring a lobster with its legs clinging to her face.
She became as well-known for her outlandish outfits as her job, turning up at one fashion shoot in a hot-pink burkha.
She had a passion for creativity and craftsmanship, but the fragile Blow also saw her clothes as a kind of armour shielding her from the outside world.
"If you're beautiful you don't need clothes. If you're ugly like me, you're like a house with no foundations; you need something to build you up," she once said.
Although she often struggled to pay for the outfits, Blow was not precious about them - she wore one early John Galliano dress while she did the washing-up.
"They were made to be worn, that was the fun of them," Marshall said, adding that Blow's style was "like no-one else's".
Isabella Blow: Fashion Galore! from daniel goddard on Vimeo.
Copyright © 2023 AFP. All rights reserved. All information displayed in this section (dispatches, photographs, logos) are protected by intellectual property rights owned by Agence France-Presse. As a consequence you may not copy, reproduce, modify, transmit, publish, display or in any way commercially exploit any of the contents of this section without the prior written consent of Agence France-Presses.
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André Leon Talley's estate to be auctioned at Christie's
Bruce Pask honored by Italian fashion


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Muzio Effrem (Bari, Pulla, 4 de novembre de 1549 - primer terç del ) fou un compositor madrigalista italià.

Fou mestre de capella del príncep de Venusa, Jesualdo, i per l'any 1622 ho era del duc de Màntua. Es dedicà especialment a la composició de madrigals a l'estil napolità. Com que algunes de les seves produccions foren objecte de censura per part del seu rival Marco da Gagliano, publicà Censure di Mutio Efferm sopra il sesto libro de Madrigali di M. Marco da Gagliano, maestro di capella della cathedrale di Fiorenza, que provoca una forta controvèrsia entre els seguidors d'un i altra compositors.

En la col·lecció de De Antiquia s'hi troba una composició d'aquest autor titulada Perche non m'ami, o vita?.

Bibliografia
 Enciclopèdia Espasa Volum núm. 19, pàg. 155 ()

Compositors italians del Renaixement
Madrigalistes italians
Mestres de capella italians
Músics de Bari
Compositors de la Pulla

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Home » Actress » Kim Porter Wiki, Ethnicity, Bio, Net Worth and Kids
Kim Porter Wiki, Ethnicity, Bio, Net Worth and Kids
Al B. Sure! (div.), Sean Combs (div.)
Quincy Brown, D'Lila Star Combs, Christian Casey Combs, Jessie James Combs
Introduction to Kim
Kim Porter is a model from Columbus, Georgia. She is one of those models who came from a small town area and made a huge impression in the industry. She moved to Atlanta to start her modeling career and fulfill her dream.
After moving to Atlanta, she met Al B. Sure. They fell in love and started dating. They had a baby, and they named their baby after musician Quincy Jones, who was her mentor.
Kim is well-known for her relationship with Sean Combs. Their affair was more severe and lasted longer than her relationship with Sure. Sean Combs is very popular among music lovers, and he is also known by a lot of names such as P. Diddy, Puff Daddy. We'll look at how things were between Kim and Combs.
Sexy model, Kim had a baby with Sean Combs named Christian Casey Combs. It's very kind of the couple to have adopted Quincy. They also gave birth to a son, and twin daughters. Their love only grew deeper.
Relationship with Diddy
Known mostly as Kim's boyfriend and not a husband, Sean Combs is a rap legend and was well loved by rap fans. Sean Combs was born on the 4th Of November, 1969 in Harlem, New York. The rap legend grew up in Mount Vernon, New York. His ethnicity is African American. His age has reached 44 now, but his popularity has not decreased at all. He is still loved by rap fans. Sean has a height of 5 feet 10 inches. He is not very tall, but the height of his fame is massive.
Sean's mother was a model, and his father was involved with a drug dealer, which leads to the death of his father at an early age of 33. His father was shot dead. During the death of his father, he was still a child and suffered a lot, which made him high tempered and angry.
The superstar who met Kim began his career as a talent director at Uptown Records. After working there for quite some time, he founded Bad Boy Records in the year 1993. Puff Daddy is also an actor, entrepreneur and record producer. He has three Grammy Awards and two MTV Music Awards. His work was appreciated by rap fans and general audiences, because of which he became a superstar.
After all, that he suffered, he now enjoys a net worth of an enormous $700 million dollars, which is a lot of money for a rap artist. This wealth had, in a way, given Kim the life she always dreamt of having. His biography and success can be inspiring for anyone who has lost their parents at an early age.
The relationship between Kim and Sean was turbulent. They broke up several times. They're first broke up in 1999. After their break up, they battled for the custody of their son. Then suddenly, in 2003 they patched up and continued their relationship for more than four years. At the time, Kim gave birth to their twin daughters.
Did Kim and Diddy actually get married?
They did not officially get married, but whenever they were together, they showed a lot of love and cared for their partner. Finally, they broke up in 2007 in the month of July and never got back together.
After their break up, Kim wished Sean the very best for his career and said that she wants to move on with her career as well. Their relationship as girlfriend and boyfriend ended with kind words for each other. As they were not officially married, they did not have to get legally divorced. They separated easily with little drama.
According to some news, Kim Porter started using cocaine on a daily basis after she breaks up. But this news was not confirmed. She was also accused of using drugs in front of her twin daughters.
Kim Porter and Sean Combs are active on social networking sites such as Instagram and Twitter. They upload pictures in Instagram for their fans. Information on Puff Daddy and Kim Porter are available in wiki sites such as Wikipedia.
Diddy and Kim's vacation in Malibu
Diddy and Kim have always known to cherish each other's presence and happiness. This time around we has to mention the family outing of Kim's lovely family members. They had gone out to Malibu, such a wonderful place to enjoy with lovely children and a wonderful wife.
It was very important for this couple especially to go out on such an outing because things have caused them to be on and off on the relationship journey. Their relation needed to be spiced up.
We can guess the couple and children surely spent the days shopping and having fun. When many are talking about their vacation, there have been talks about Diddy's recent break-up with his long-term girlfriend, Cassie. Cassie must not have recovered the split, but Diddy is already having a romantic time ahead in his life.
If you want any further details about any other celebrities, please come back to us!
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In the spring of 2009, interested equestrian enthusiasts in the Licking, MO area met, with the goal of forming a saddle club and promoting enjoyment of equine pursuits in their region. The group's activities emphasize family oriented fun by encouraging participation of all age groups. Summer plans include trail rides, clinics, fun show rodeos, pulling contests, and support of the PRCA Rodeo and parade.
For detailed driving directions from your location, click on the map to the right, (mouse over the "push pin") select from the options and then enter your address.