text:
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:introduction}
Twitter, as one of the most popular microblogging services, has been raised as the backchannel of the academic conferences \cite{ross2011enabled}. There is a considerable amount of research into understanding the users' behavior on Twitter during academic events. Researchers look into why people tweet \cite{ebner2009people,ross2011enabled}, and what people tweet from a small number of conferences \cite{ebner2009introducing,icswm2009letierce2010using,weller2011citation}.

In this work, we collect data about a larger set of academic conferences over five consecutive years, and provide in-depth analysis on this temporal dataset. We are particularly interested in the following research questions:

\begin{description}[itemsep=3pt,parsep=3pt,topsep=3pt, partopsep=0pt]
  \item[RQ1:] Do users use Twitter more for socializing with peers or for
information sharing during conferences? How has such use of Twitter
during conferences changed over the years?
\end{description}
\begin{description}[itemsep=3pt,parsep=3pt,topsep=3pt, partopsep=0pt]
\item[RQ2:] What are the structures of conversation and information sharing
networks in individual conferences? Have these network structures
changed over time?
\end{description}
   \begin{description}[itemsep=3pt,parsep=3pt,topsep=3pt, partopsep=0pt]
 \item[RQ3:] Do users participate on Twitter for the same conference over
consecutive years? To what extent can we predict users'
future conference participation?
\end{description}

To answer these questions, we crawled a dataset that consists of the tweets from 16 Computer Science conferences from 2009 to 2013. We examined Twitter in conferences by characterizing their use through retweets, replies, etc. We studied the structure of conversation and information-sharing by deriving two networks from the dataset, conversation and retweet network. Furthermore, to understand the factors that drive users' continuous participation, we propose a prediction framework with usage and network metrics.

As a result of our analyses, we found: (i) an increasing trend of informational usage (urls and retweets) compared to the stable pattern of conversational usage (replies and mentions) of conferences on Twitter over time, (ii) the conversation network is more fragmented than the information network, and the former becomes more fragmented over the time, and (iii) that the number of timeline tweets, users' centrality in information networks, and number of contacts in conversation networks are the most relevant features to predict users' continuous participation. These results summarize the online user participation of a real research community, which in turn helps to understand how it is perceived in online social networks and whether it is able to attract recurring attention over time.

The rest of the paper is structured as follows: The next section surveys Twitter used as a backchannel in conferences. Then, section 3 describes the dataset in this study and how we obtained it. Section 4 presents the experiment setup, followed by section 5 which provides the results. Section 6 summarizes our findings and concludes our paper with discussion of the future work. \\
\section{RELATED WORK}

Several authors have studied Twitter usage in events as diverse as politics \cite{politicslarsson2012studying,politicstumasjan2010predicting}, sports \cite{sportslanagan2011using,sportszubiaga2011classifying}, and natural disasters \cite{crisisabel2012twitcident,crisismendoza2010Twitter}. However, research that studies Twitter as a backchannel in academic conferences is closer to our work. Ebner et al. \cite{ebner2009introducing} studied tweets posted during the ED-MEDIA 2008 conference, and they argued that micro-blogging can enhance participation in the usual conference setting. Ebner et al.\cite{ebner2009introducing} eventually conducted a survey over 41 people who used Twitter during conferences, finding that people who actively participate in conference via Twitter are not only physical conference attendants, and that the reasons people have to participate are sharing resources, communicating with peers, and establishing online presence \cite{ebner2009people}.

Considering another area, Letierce et al. \cite{icswm2009letierce2010using} studied Twitter usage by the semantic web community during the conference ISWC 2009. Eventually, they extended this research to analyze three conferences \cite{letierce2010understanding} and they found that analyzing Twitter activity during the conference helps to summarize the event (by categorizing hashhtags and URLs shared), and that the way people share information online is affected by the use of Twitter. In a different study, Ross et al. \cite{ross2011enabled} investigated the use of Twitter as a  backchannel within the community of digital humanists. By studying three conferences in 2009 they found that the micro-blogging activity during the conference is not a single conversation but rather multiple monologues with few dialogues between users and that the use of Twitter expands the participation of members of the research community. With respect to applications, Sopan et al. \cite{sopan2012monitoring} created a tool that provides real-time visualization and analysis for backchannel conversations in online conferences.

In \cite{WenCscw2014}, we investigated the use of Twitter in three conferences in 2012 related to user modeling research communities. We classified Twitter users into groups and we found that the most senior members of the research community tend to communicate with other senior members, and newcomers (usually masters or first year PhD students) receive little attention from other groups, challenging  Reinhardt's assumption \cite{ebner2009people} about Twitter being an ideal tool to include newcomers in an established learning community.

Compared to previous research and to the best of our knowledge, this article is the first one studying a larger sample of conferences (16 in total) over a period of five years (2009-2013). This dataset allows us to generalize our results to Information and Computer Science and also to analyze trends of Twitter usage over time.

\section{Dataset}
Previous studies on analyzing the tweets during conferences examined a small number of conferences \cite{desai2012tweeting,icswm2009letierce2010using}. For each conference, they collected the tweets that contain the conference official hashtag in its text, for example, \textit{\#kidneywk11}, \textit{\#iswc2009}. They produced interesting results of how users employ Twitter during the conference, but their results are limited considering that they analyze at most three conferences. On the other hand, we are interested in studying trends of the usage and the structure over time, where we aimed to collect a dataset of tweets from a larger set of conferences over several years. Following the list of conferences in Computer Science listed in \textit{csconf.net}, we used the Topsy API\footnote{http://topsy.com} to crawl tweets by searching for the conference hashtag within a two-week time window (seven days before the conference until seven days after the conference ended).

\textbf{Conference dataset}. For this study, we focused on the conferences that had Twitter activity from 2009 to 2013. The crawling process took two weeks in December, 2013. We aggregated 109,076 tweets from 16 conferences over last 5 years.

\textbf{User-Timeline dataset}. We acknowledge that users would also interact with other users without the conference hashtag, and therefore we additionally constructed the timeline dataset by crawling the timeline tweets of those users who participated in the conference during the same period. Table 1 shows the statistics of our dataset and Table \ref{table:conferenceDataset} (in Appendix) shows detailed information about each conference.

\textbf{Random dataset}. Any pattern observed would be less relevant unless we compare with a baseline, because the change might be a byproduct of Twitter usage trend overall. Hence, we show the conference tweets trend in comparison with a random sampled dataset. Ideally, we would like to obtain a random sample from the full tweets data collection in each year to compare them with the conference tweets. There is research on random sampling approaches based on Twitter API and the comparison of these approaches, but none of them attempted to sample from historical tweets, because Twitter API does not provide access to them. To overcome this issue, we again used Topsy API, for which it claims to have full access to all historical tweets. We have three random processes to make sure our sample is random and representative of the tweets. We randomly picked 2/3 of all the hours in each year, randomly picked two minutes from the each hour as our search time interval, and randomly picked the page number in the returned search result. The query aims to search for the tweets with any one of the alphabetical characters (from a to z). The crawling process took two days in December, 2013. As each query returned us 100 tweets, we were able to collect 5,784,649 tweets from 2009 to 2013.

\begin{table}[t!]
\small
\vspace{2mm}
  \centering
  \setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
    \begin{tabular}{ll||lllll}
    \specialrule{.2em}{.1em}{.1em}
    \multicolumn{2}{c||}{}& 2009  & 2010 & 2011 & 2012& 2013 \\ \hline

                     	&\#Unique Users & 1,114 & 2,970 & 3,022 & \bf{5,590} & 5,085 \\

			&\#Conference Tweets & 8,125 & 18,107 & 19,308 & \bf{34,424} & 27,549 \\
			&\#Timeline Tweets & 228,923 & 608,308 & 589,084 & \bf{1,025,259} & 939,760 \\   \specialrule{.2em}{.1em}{.1em}
  \end{tabular}
	\vspace*{-1mm}
  \caption{Properties of the dataset collected in each year.}
	\vspace*{-1mm}
  \label{table:dataset1}
	\vspace*{-1mm}
\end{table}

\section{Methodology}
In this section we describe our experimental methodology, i.e., the metrics used, analyses and experiments conducted to answer the research questions:\\

\subsection{Analyzing the Usage}
We examined the use of Twitter during conferences by defining the measurements from two aspects: information usage and conversation usage. We want to use these measures to understand different usage dimensions and whether they have changed over time.

\textbf{Conversation usage}. With respect to using Twitter as a medium for conversations, we defined features based on two types of interactions between users: Reply and Mention ratios. For instance, @Alice can reply to @Bob, by typing `@Bob' at the beginning of a tweet, and this is recognized as a reply from @Alice. @Alice can also type @Bob in any part of her tweet except at the beginning, and this is regarded as a mention tweet. We computed the Reply Ratio to measure the proportion of tweets categorized as replies and the Mention Ratio respectively, but considering mentions.

\textbf{Information usage}. From the informational aspect of Twitter use during conferences, we computed two features to measure how it changed over the years: URL Ratio and Retweet Ratio. Intuitively, most of the URLs shared on Twitter during conference time are linked to additional materials such as presentation slides, publication links, etc. We calculated the URL Ratio of the conference to measure which proportion of tweets are aimed at introducing information to Twitter. The URL Ratio is simply the number of the tweets with `http:' over the total number of the tweets in the conference.
The second ratio we used to measure informational aspects is Retweet Ratio, as the retweet plays an important role in disseminating the information within and outside the conference. We then calculated the Retweet Ratio to measure the proportion of tweets being shared in the conference. To identify the retweets, we followed a fairly common practice \cite{boyd2010tweetrt}, and used the following keywords in the queries: 'RT @', 'retweet @', 'retweeting @', 'MT @', 'rt @', 'thx @'.

Similarly, we computed the same features on the random dataset, as we wanted to understand if the observations in conference differ from the general usage on Twitter.

\begin{table*}[t!]
\small
\vspace{2mm}
  \centering
  \setlength{\tabcolsep}{3pt}
    \begin{tabular}{l|l||lllll}
    \specialrule{.2em}{.1em}{.1em}
    \multicolumn{2}{c||}{Feature}& 2009  & 2010 & 2011 & 2012& 2013 \\ \specialrule{.1em}{.05em}{.05em}
    \multirow{7}{*}{\parbox{0.1cm}{\centering{\begin{sideways}\centering{Conversation}\end{sideways}}}}
&\#Nodes  &$ 165.313 \pm{50.358}$&$ 323.688 \pm{100.481}$&$ 385.625 \pm{100.294}$&$ 649.313 \pm{202.518}$&$ 622.188\pm{142.485}$ \\
&\#Edges  &$ 342.188 \pm{126.758}$&$ 660.625 \pm{240.704}$&$ 688.500 \pm{227.768}$&$ 1469.000 \pm{643.431}$&$ 1157.813\pm{344.484}$ \\
&In/Out degree &$ 1.446 \pm{0.153}$&$ 1.567 \pm{0.161}$&$ 1.502 \pm{0.086}$&$ 1.646 \pm{0.144}$&$ 1.618\pm{0.088}$ \\
&Density &$ 0.044 \pm{0.020}$&$ 0.010 \pm{0.002}$&$ 0.007 \pm{0.001}$&$ 0.005 \pm{0.001}$&$ 0.004 \pm{0.000}$ \\
&Clustering Coefficient &$ 0.066 \pm{0.015}$&$ 0.086 \pm{0.014}$&$ 0.074 \pm{0.008}$&$ 0.070 \pm{0.009}$&$ 0.078 \pm{0.006}$ \\
&Reciprocity &$ 0.172 \pm{0.034}$&$ 0.210 \pm{0.029}$&$ 0.237 \pm{0.023}$&$ 0.195 \pm{0.022}$&$ 0.203\pm{0.017}$ \\
&\#WCCs &$ 4.750 \pm{0.911}$&$ 13.438	\pm{3.243}$&$16.625 \pm{4.118}$&$	26.750 \pm{6.956}$&$ 29.188\pm{5.930} $\\

    \hline

    \multirow{7}{*}{\parbox{0.1cm}{\centering{\begin{sideways}\centering{Retweet}\end{sideways}}}}
 &\#Nodes & $87.063\pm{30.005}$ &  $355.500\pm{107.412}$ & $476.813\pm{117.641}$ & $720.875\pm{210.047}$ & $734.375\pm{153.998}$ \\
&\#Edges & $116.375\pm{46.124}$ & $722.125\pm{258.400}$ & $940.938\pm{277.384}$ & $1676.250\pm{693.462}$ & $1431.625\pm{351.722}$ \\
&In/Out degree & $0.981\pm{0.102}$ & $1.607\pm{0.129}$ & $1.653\pm{0.114}$ & $1.760\pm{0.143}$ & $1.728\pm{0.094}$ \\
&Density & $0.121\pm{0.048}$ & $0.009\pm{0.001}$ & $0.006\pm{0.001}$ & $0.004\pm{0.000}$ & $0.003\pm{0.000}$ \\
&Clustering Coefficient & $0.051\pm{0.016}$ & $0.078\pm{0.010}$ & $0.063\pm{0.008}$ & $0.048\pm{0.008}$ & $0.060\pm{0.006}$ \\
&Reciprocity & $0.053\pm{0.018}$ & $0.066\pm{0.010}$ & $0.054\pm{0.005}$ & $0.058\pm{0.008}$ &$ 0.070\pm{0.006}$ \\
&\#WCCs & $6.250\pm{1.627}$	&$6.500\pm{1.780}$	&$5.375\pm{1.341}$	&$6.625\pm{1.326}$&	$6.625\pm{1.998}$ \\
 \specialrule{.2em}{.1em}{.1em}

  \end{tabular}
  \vspace{-2mm}
  \caption{Descriptive statistics (mean$\pm$ SE) of network metrics for the retweet and conversation networks over time. Each metric is an average over the individual conferences.}
  \vspace{-1mm}
  \label{table:networkProperty}
\end{table*}

\subsection{Analyzing the Networks}
To answer RQ2, we conducted network analysis inspired by Lin et al. \cite{journals/corr/LinKML13}, who constructed networks from different types of communications: hashtags, mentions, replies, and retweets; and used their network properties to model communication patterns on Twitter. We followed their approach and focused on two networks derived from our dataset: conversation network, and retweet network. We defined them as follows:
\begin{itemize}[itemsep=0pt,parsep=0pt,topsep=0pt, partopsep=0pt]
 \item[$\bullet$]Conversation network: We built the user-user network of conversations for \textit{every conference each year}. This network models the conversational interactions(replies and mentions) between pairs of users. Nodes are the users in one conference and one edge between two users indicates they have at least one conversational interaction during the conference.
\item[$\bullet$]Retweet network: We derived the user-user network of retweets for \textit{each conference each year}, in which a node represents one user and a directed link from one node to another means the source node has retweeted the targeted one.
\end{itemize}

The motivation for investigating the first two networks comes from the study of Ross et al. \cite{ross2011enabled}, who stated that: a) the conference activity on Twitter is constituted by multiple scattered dialogues rather than a single distributed conversation, and b) many users' intention is to jot down notes and establish an online presence, which might not be regarded as an online \emph{conversation}. This assumption is also held by Ebner et al. \cite{ebner2009people}. To assess if the validity of these assumptions holds over time, we conducted statistical tests over network features, including the number of nodes, the number of edges, density, diameter, the number of weakly connected components, and clustering coefficient of the network \cite{Wasserman1994}.

We constructed both conversation and retweet networks from the users' timeline tweets in addition to the conference tweets, as we guessed that many interactions might happen between the users without using the conference hashtag. Therefore, these two datasets combined would give us complete a more comprehensive dataset. Furthermore, we filtered out the users targeted by messages in both networks who are not in the corresponding conference dataset to make sure these two networks only capture the interaction activities between conference Twitter users.

\subsection{Analyzing Continuous Participation}
To understand which users' factors drive their continuing participation in the conference on Twitter, we trained a binary classifier with some features induced from users' Twitter usage and their network metrics. From our own experience of attending the same conference again in real, we know that one reason is that we had valuable experience in the past -- quality research and social connections -- to be more specific. We expect that a similar effect exists with respect to the continuous participation on Twitter. Users' decision of whether coming back to the conference possibly depends on their experience with the conference via Twitter in the past -- valuable information and meaningful conversations. To capture both ends of a user's Twitter experience, we computed the usage measures, as described in Section 4.1, and user's network position \cite{journals/corr/LinKML13} in each of the networks: conversation network and retweet network, as discussed in Section 4.2. Measures for user's network position are calculated to represent the user's relative importance within the network, including degree, in-degree, out-degree, HIT hub score \cite{Kleinberg99authoritativesources}, HIT authority score \cite{Kleinberg99authoritativesources}, PageRank score \cite{Page99thepagerank}, eigenvector centrality score \cite{bonacich1972factoring}, closeness centrality \cite{Wasserman1994}, betweenness centrality \cite{Wasserman1994}, and clustering coefficient \cite{Wasserman1994}.

\textbf{Dataset}. We identified 14,456 unique user-conference participations from 2009 to 2012 in our dataset. We then defined a continuing participation if one user shows up again in the same conference he or she participated in via Twitter last year. For example, @Alice posted a tweet with `\#cscw2010' during the CSCW conference in 2010, we counted it as one continuing participation if @Alice posted a tweet with `\#cscw2011' during the CSCW conference in 2011. By checking these users conference participation records via Twitter in the following year, we identified 2,749 continuing participations. Following the suggestion by Guha et al. \cite{Guha04propagationof}, we constructed a dataset with 2,749 positive continuing participations and 2,749 negative continuing participations (random sampling \cite{He:2009:LID:1591901.1592322}).

\textbf{Features}. In the prediction dataset, each instance consisted of a set of features that describe the user's information \textit{in one conference in one year} from different aspects, and the responsive variable was a binary indicator of whether the user came back in the following year. We formally defined the key aspects of one user's features discussed above, in the following:
\begin{itemize}[itemsep=0pt,parsep=0pt,topsep=0pt, partopsep=0pt]
    \item[$\bullet$]Baseline: This set only includes the number of timeline tweets and the number of tweets with the conference hashtag, as the users' continuous participation might be correlated with their frequencies of writing tweets. We consider this as the primary information about a user and will be included in the rest of the feature sets.

\begin{figure}[t!]
  \centering

\includegraphics[scale = 0.28]{userFeature.pdf}
	\vspace{-4mm}
  \caption[Usage pattern over the years]
   {Usage pattern over the years in terms of proportion of each category of tweets. Continuous lines represent conference tweets, dashed lines a random dataset from Twitter.}
	\label{fig:trendComparison}
	\vspace{-5mm}
\end{figure}

    \item[$\bullet$]Conversation: We built this set by including the conversation usage measures (Mention Ratio and Reply Ratio) and network position of the user in the conversation network.
    \item[$\bullet$]Information: Different from the previous one, this set captures the information oriented features, including the information usages (Retweet Ratio, URL Ratio) and user's position in the retweet network.
    \item[$\bullet$]Combined features: A set of features that utilizes all the features above to test the combination of them.
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Evaluation}. To determine the importance of individual features, we used Information Gain as a measure for feature importance in WEKA \cite{Hall:2009:WDM:1656274.1656278}. Then we computed the normalized score of each variable's InfoGain value as its relative importance. To evaluate the binary classification model, we deployed different supervised learning algorithms and used the area under ROC curve (AUC) as our main evaluation metric to determine the performance of our feature sets. The evaluation was performed using 10-fold cross validation in the WEKA machine learning suite.

\section{Results}
In the following sections we report on the results obtained for each of our analyses.
\subsection{Has usage changed?}

We answer this question by the results presented in Figure 1, which shows the overtime ratio values of different Twitter usage in the conferences accompanied by their corresponding values from the random dataset.

We can highlight two distinct patterns first. The trends we observed for the information usage ratios are similar. The Retweet Ratio increases (6.7\% in 2009, 48.2\% in 2013) over the years (one-way ANOVA, $p<.001$) along with URL Ratio (21.2\% in 2009, 51.3\% in 2013; one-way ANOVA, $p<.001$). Noticeably, Retweet Ratio rapidly increased from 2009 to 2010 but rather steadily gained afterward. We believe this could be explained by the Twitter interface being changed in 2009, when they officially moved `Retweet' button above the Twitter stream \cite{boyd2010tweetrt}. On the other hand, rather stable patterns can be observed in both conversational measures: Reply Ratio (8.2\% in 2009, 6.1\% in 2013) and Mention Ratio (10.0\% in 2009, 12.9\% in 2013). Therefore, as we expected, \textit{Twitter behaved more as an information sharing platform during the conference, while the conversational usage did not seem to change over the years}.

Figure 1 also presents the differences between the ratio values in the conference dataset and the baseline dataset, as we want to understand if the trend observed above is the reflection of Twitter usage in general. During the conferences, we observed a higher Retweet Ratio and URL Ratio. We argue that it is rather expectable because of the nature of academic conferences: sharing knowledge and their valuable recent work. The Mention Ratio in the conference is slightly higher than it is in the baseline dataset, because the conference is rather an event of people interacting with each other in a short time period. However, we observe a significant difference in Reply Ratio. Users start the conversation on Twitter using the conference hashtag to some extent like all users do on Twitter, but most users who reply (more than 90\%) usually drop the hashtag. Although it is still a public discussion on Twitter, we guess that users tend to keep it semi-public to all their listeners, since these tweets are not visible to all the conference audience. However, a deeper analysis which is outside the context of this research should be conducted to assess this assumption, since in some cases users would drop the hashtag simply to have more characters available to reply with a larger message.

\subsection{Has interaction changed?}
Table 2 shows the evolution of the network measures. Each metric is an average over all the individual conferences in each year from 2009 to 2013. We first highlight the similar patterns over years observed from both networks: conversation network and retweet network. During the evolution, several types of network measures increase in both networks: (i) the average number of nodes; (ii) the average number of edges; and (iii) the average in/out degree. This suggests that more people are participating in the communication network.

Then, we compare these two networks in terms of the differences observed. Table 2 shows that the average number of weakly connected components in conversation network (\#WCC) grows steadily over time from 4.750 components in average in 2009 to a significantly larger 29.188 components in 2013, with the CHI conference being the most fragmented (\#WCC=87, \#Nodes=2117). However, the counterpart value in retweet network is almost invariable, staying between 5.375 an 6.625 in average. The former metric supports the assumption of Ross et al. \cite{ross2011enabled} in terms of the scattered characteristic of the activity network (i.e. multiple non-connected conversations). The \#WCC suggests that the retweet network is more connected than the conversation network.

Not surprisingly, the reciprocity in the conversation network is significantly higher than the one in the retweet network ($p<.001$ in all years; pair-wise t-test). This shows that the conversations are more two-way rounded interactions between pairs of users while people who get retweeted do not necessarily retweet back. Both results are rather expected. The mentions and replies are tweets sent to particular users, and therefore the addressed users are more likely to reply back due to social norms. Yet, the retweet network is more like a star network, and users in the center do not necessarily retweet back.

Moreover, we observe that the average clustering coefficient in conversation network is higher than the one in retweet network, in general. We think that two users who talked to the same people on Twitter during conferences are more likely to be talking to each other, while users who retweeted the same person do not necessarily retweeted each other. However, the significant difference is only found in 2012 ($p<.05$; t-test) and 2013 ($p<.001$; t-test). We tend to believe that it is the nature of the communication on Twitter, but we need more observations and further analysis to support this guess.

\begin{comment}
\subsection{Interactions}

Table \ref{table:networkProperty} shows the average network properties from all the conferences in each year. The number of nodes in both retweet network and conversation network increase over the years ($p < 0.001$, $p < 0.001$). The number of edges are also increasing ($p < 0.001$,$p < 0.05$).
\end{comment}

\subsection{What keeps the users returning?}

\begin{figure}[t!]
  \centering
\vspace{-2mm}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{InfoGain.pdf}
\vspace{-4mm}
  \caption[Temporal trend comparison]
   {Relative Importance of the features.}
	\label{fig:InfoGain}
\end{figure}

The results of the prediction model are shown in Table 3, the Bagging approach achieved the highest performance across all the feature sets. Furthermore, baseline features achieved better performance when they are accompanied with conversation features than with the information features. This suggests that the conversation features have more predictive powers in inferring the users' continuous participation. Finally, the combination of all the features reached the best performance.

We further examine the importance of features in the combined set based on their information gain measures. Figure 2 shows the relative importance of different features. First, it is interesting two features in the baseline have distinct importances: the number of one user's conference tweets produced the least information gain, while the number of timeline tweets has the least information gain. This suggests that the user is more likely to return because she has been highly active on Twitter in general; the number of conference tweets tends to be an incident of many factors, for instance, users could have less conference tweets because she does not have time to tweet during the conference or the Internet connection is not available.

We observe that the user's eigenvector centrality score from the information network has a higher importance (second lead in all the features). As the user with a higher eigenvector centrality score means that they and their neighbors have higher values in this measure, we interpret this as these users play important roles in information spreading during conferences. We conjecture these users are influential members in the conference so they are more likely to participate in the future.

Furthermore, we observe that three measures of the conversation network are also prominent: degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, and betweenness centrality. While the first two indicate users' positions in the conversation network in terms of the number people they talked to and how important their neighbors are, the last one suggests that the user's role in bridging the conversation network. These suggest that users return because they have more diverse groups of friends on Twitter who are also active in conversing with others in the conference.

\begin{table}[t!]
\small
\vspace*{0mm}
  \begin{center}
\scalebox{0.9}{
  \setlength{\tabcolsep}{6pt}
    \begin{tabular}{l|l|lllll}
    \specialrule{.2em}{.1em}{.1em}
    \multicolumn{2}{l||}{Feature Sets}& RF  & ADA & Bagging & LR & SVM \\ \hline
    \multicolumn{2}{l||}{Baseline}  & $0.654$      & $0.713$ & $\bf{0.716}$ & $0.714$ & $0.63$\\\hline
      \multicolumn{2}{l||}{Baseline+Conversation}  & $0.728$      & $0.754$ & $\bf{0.774}$ & $0.742$ & $0.659$      \\ \hline
    \multicolumn{2}{l||}{Baseline+Information}  & $0.74$      & $0.761$ & $\bf{0.771}$ & $0.74$ & $0.655$      \\ \specialrule{.2em}{.1em}{.1em}

    \multicolumn{2}{l||}{Combined}  & $0.753$      & $0.775$ & $\bf{0.787}$ &$0.754$     & $0.662$ \\

  \end{tabular}
  }
  \end{center}
   \vspace*{-2mm}
  \caption{Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting continuing participation in the coming year with different feature sets and learning algorithms. The best algorithm for each feature set is highlighted. Methods used as Random forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (ADA), Bagging, logistic regression (LR), and support vector machines (SVM).}
  \label{tab:overall_evaluation}
 \vspace*{-4mm}
\end{table}

\section{Discussion and Conclusions}

In this paper, we investigated how Twitter has been used in academic conferences and how this has changed over the years. We attempted to study the usage, the network structures, and participation of the users during conferences on Twitter. We addressed our research with three questions.

To answer the first research question RQ1, we computed four features to quantitatively measure two aspects of Twitter use at conferences: information usage and conversation usage. Our results show that researchers are using Twitter as 2013 in a different way as they did in 2009 with respect to favoring more the information sharing value of Twitter, however their Twitter conversation interactions in 2013 do not differ much from five years ago.

Then, to answer the second research question RQ2, we constructed the conversation network and the retweet network for each conference and use network properties to measure how people interacted over the years. Our results show that with more people participating over time, the conversations turn scattered into small groups, while the information flow (retweets) stays mainly within a giant component.

Finally, to answer the third research question RQ3, we trained a binary classifier with features extracted from the Twitter usage, network positions of the user and achieve the best prediction performance using the combination of conversation features, information features, and baseline features. We also found that the most influential factors that drive users' continuous participation are being active on Twitter, being central in the information network and talking with more people.

We acknowledge the limitation of this work. We conducted our analysis on sixteen conferences in the field of Computer Science, but the findings might not be generalized to all the computer science conferences since users in different sub-domains of this field might not have the same Twitter usage. In future work, we plan to extend our study to a larger set of conferences across different domains in the field such as Information Systems and Data Mining, in order to see whether users in these conferences behave differently in Twitter.

\textbf{Acknowledgments:} This work is supported by the Know-Center and the EU funded project Learning Layers (Grant Nr. 318209).

\balance
\bibliographystyle{ieeetr}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
package commands

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)

func (c *Catalog) AddNodeSub(cmd *cobra.Command) {
	nodeCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "node",
		Short: "Get the services provided by a node",
		Long:  "Get the services provided by a node",
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			return c.Node(args)
		},
	}

	oldNodeCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:        "catalog-node",
		Short:      "Get the services provided by a node",
		Long:       "Get the services provided by a node",
		Deprecated: "Use catalog node",
		Hidden:     true,
		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			return c.Node(args)
		},
	}

	c.AddDatacenterOption(nodeCmd)
	c.AddDatacenterOption(oldNodeCmd)

	c.AddTemplateOption(nodeCmd)
	c.AddConsistency(nodeCmd)
	cmd.AddCommand(nodeCmd)

	c.AddCommand(oldNodeCmd)
}

func (c *Catalog) Node(args []string) error {
	switch {
	case len(args) == 0:
		return fmt.Errorf("Node name must be specified")
	case len(args) > 1:
		return fmt.Errorf("Only one node allowed")
	}

	client, err := c.Catalog()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	queryOpts := c.QueryOptions()
	config, _, err := client.Node(args[0], queryOpts)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return c.Output(config)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
News from CCF-LA | December 2022
CCF-LA News | December 15, 2022
Your Gift of Love brings Hope to the World
As we wind down this difficult calendar year, hope is coming in the birth of Jesus. He is the gift of love from God the father that has transcended over 2,000 years to truly change the world. His own very positive message of love for God, your neighbor, and self is at the very heart of what we believe and how we act as Christians.
Following these simple truths, our hope is in the promise of a good life and even more, an eternal life. That's why at Christmas we express our love in the gifts we have for family and friends, in the extra time we make for mass and prayer, and in the acts of charity and volunteerism we have for the homeless, the lonely and the sick.
The numbers of people that need our prayers and our love grow every day. A drive to work reveals many street populations living in tents and increasingly long food bank lines, all reflective of reduced public services available to those in need. Sunday mass attendance reflects the decrease in our Catholic faithful who have learned to live with zoom mass or no mass at all during the pandemic. Catholic school attendance is still lagging the pre-pandemic levels because families are balancing their budgets for tuition payments in this inflationary time and need to relocate for more affordable living conditions.
As we celebrate the birth of Jesus this Christmas, know that the message of love is manifested in our relationships with God, our family, our neighbors, and self. In this difficult year, taking a little more time to reflect and act on how your gifts bring hope will make a beautiful Christmas Day for you, your loved ones and those you do not know. That's because your unconditional gift of love can bring hope to our world.
— Kathy H. Anderson
What a Difference
December can Make!
This year was truly one for the books. We started out January 1st with $615 million in assets under management. The ups and downs of the stock market and the unusually large number of grants so far this year have resulted in about $550.6 million as of November 30. While we have the month of December ahead, it is likely that this will be our first year to experience a reduction in assets.
That's not all bad news! The markets contributed to some of this with a YTD loss as of November 30 of 13.26% in our Balanced Pool and 6.79% in our Intermediate Fund; it's also the impact of our grants that put pressure on the assets, but they tell the best story. So far, we issued $69.9 million in grants this year, which compares to $50.2 million for all last year. And we still have December ahead!
Our Board, the staff, the security of our operations, and the mission of CCF-LA all contributed to the fact that we are in a very good position to end the year with a great December result. As in previous years, as much as two-thirds of our deposits are received between Thanksgiving and December.
Some of the other achievements this year that have us well-positioned for 2023 include the creation of two new departments—the Client Services Department headed by Tania Naaman with Janette Gordo and our Marketing Department headed by Norma Hernandez with Bonnie Peralta. Both new departments compliment the front-line efforts of Maggie Byrne, Head of Development and Kara Duncan, Director of the Family Office.
We also strengthened our Finance Team under CFO, Andrew O'Boyle by recruiting Armando Nevarez as Controller. As we grow, it's important to maintain excellent client services, relationships, and fund management — that's our line of business.
This is one year when December will make a difference. As we celebrate Christmas, let's remember all the grants made by CCF-LA and its clients that benefited Catholic schools, religious orders, the homeless, social services and the hungry. For this we are most proud.
— William M. Wardlaw
Partner (Retired)
Freeman Spogli & Co.
Kevin P. Bender
Executive Managing Director, Jones Lang LaSalle Brokerage, Inc.
Welcome Kevin P. Bender,
New Board of Director
Kevin is an Executive Managing Director for Jones Lang LaSalle Brokerage, Inc. (JLL) in Southern California and brings over 27 years of real estate experience representing tenants in leasing, acquisition, and disposition of commercial office properties, and office lease transactions.
Kevin is a long-time supporter of Catholic institutions. A graduate of Loyola High School (class of 1991), Kevin currently serves as a Director on its Board. Kevin also supports his local parish by leading St. Bede the Venerable's Call to Renew campaign.
Capital markets continued their rally in November with equity markets posting strong gains despite ongoing headwinds. Investor sentiment improved significantly in November after the release of U.S. inflation numbers while inflationary concerns persisted with the Federal Reserve increasing interest rates 50 basis points at its December meeting.
The S&P 500 Index rallied 5.6% for the month of November, reducing its year-to-date losses to 13.1%. Global ex-U.S. markets had another strong month, as measured by the MSCI EAFE Index returning 11.3% for November. Fixed Income returns were positive after three consecutive months of negative ones - the Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond Index posted its strongest monthly return of the year, up 3.7% for November. In addition, the US yield curve retreated significantly, moderating the overall upward shift in the curve.
As for the pooled funds we manage, the Balanced Pool portfolio realized a +5.82% return (net of fees) in the month of November and -13.26% for the first eleven months of 2022 and the Intermediate Fund pool returned +2.11% for the month and -6.79% so far this year. The estimated annual yield on the STIF account has improved to +3.15%.
— Andrew O'Boyle
The Catholic Community Foundation of Los Angeles (CCF-LA) helps clients easily give more and save more. When clients give to their CCF-LA Charitable Fund, they are eligible for an immediate tax donation credit and their contribution grows through their chosen investment fund. We support our agency fund clients through sophisticated investment management, easy ways to donate, and helpful information to support their organizations. Most importantly, our staff believes in our mission to empower clients to develop and sustain their philanthropy in support of Catholic values.
So far this year, we have opened a record breaking 47 new accounts and issued 616 grants for a total of $69.9M. We are one of the fastest growing Catholic Community Foundation!
You may reach Maggie: mbyrne@catholiccf-la.org for more information about how CCF-LA can support you or your organization.
Contact: Kara Duncan: kduncan@catholiccf-la.org
Helping Clients with their
Year-End Giving this Holiday Season
The End of the Year is an especially busy time for the Family Office. The holidays are when families get together and many have conversations about their future charitable plans. We encourage our clients to take this time to share their philanthropic goals with their families and have meaningful discussions around the importance of giving.
We not only see a big increase in grant activity for the Christmas season, but we are also helping our clients with their year-end giving and helping future clients understand their charitable options through CCF-LA.
In recent weeks we have been having more conversations around options for family philanthropy, including utilizing Family Office services to engage and educate the next generations on how to give efficiently and meaningfully, and finding unique solutions for family giving and family foundations.
Client Experience and the
Gifts of Hope
"There are those who give with joy, and that joy is their reward" – Kahlil Gibran
There is something about giving, no matter what time of year, that brings inner joy. The gift of working with CCF-LA is to experience joy in knowing that your generous deeds brought — and will continue to bring — ongoing hope to individuals in need in our local communities, in a way commensurate with your expectations and intentions.
Whether you are opening a Donor-Advised Fund (DAF), making a grant to your favorite charity, or contributing to a Designated Fund you will receive from CCF-LA the courtesy, care, and personalized service worthy of your donations. Plus, our experience ensures that your generosity and intentions become reality, as you intended.
When a client reaches us by phone, e-mail, or the CCF-LA online portal available 24/7, we issue each grant promptly on request. We then send both our client and the beneficiary a custom letter containing all the details of the grant. We also take care to send a special advice letter when a gift is made in honor or memory of someone.
At CCF-LA, by delivering excellent client service we commit to being your trusted partner in your philanthropic endeavors and a reliable channel of your gifts of hope.
Merry Christmas, and may you always be filled with the Hope of Christmas, and may you rejoice in spreading that hope to those most in need.
— Tania Naaman
Director of Client Services and Assistant Secretary
November Grant Beneficiaries
This year was an exceptional year in grant making. Our mission to manage philanthropic assets starts with trust and transparency our clients expect from us in investment manage
In the month of November we issued 64 grants valued at $4.3M to beneficiaries aligned with our values.
Vision to Learn Named 2022 Kristof Holiday Impact Prize Honoree
Every year since 2009, Pulitzer Prize-winning New York Times Columnist Nicholas Kristof has written a "holiday gift guide" column to support little known organizations working to make the world a better place. The Kristof Holiday Impact Prize connects readers interested in philanthropic giving to causes worthy of their support.
Vision To Learn (VTL) is honored to be a 2022 Holiday Impact Prize honoree and is a grant recipient of CCF-LA. Funds raised from this award will help tens of thousands more students get the vision screenings, eye exams and glasses they need to succeed in school, and in life.
OPERATIONS UPDATE
Data Security—Our Promise to You
CCF-LA continues to keep its promise to protect client data by keeping its data security plan up to date. This includes moving from a server to a cloud-based data retention system based in the United States, engaging outside security consultants to monitor and fight hackers, instituting in-house security measures to protect our clients' data, engaging in regular training of our staff members to identify security threats in real time, and to work with our outsourced partners to enhance our own security systems.
Our promise is to be responsible stewards of our clients charitable funds and to continue to be vigilant against data security.
CLIENTS AND EVENTS WE SUPPORT
We support our client's events through our attendance and sponsorship. We are particularly grateful to our donor-clients that purchase table sponsorships and tickets for the attendance by our staff and other clients.
DePaul USA Casa Milagrosa's Kermes Fundraiser
Depaul USA - Casa Milagrosa is now open and held a Kermes fundraiser, on Fri., Dec. 9, 2022 in Westlake in Los Angeles.
In partnership with Daughters of Charity, Casa Milagrosa on any given day provides case management, hot breakfast and coffee, food distribution events, laundry and shower access, referral medical, dental and vision among other services.
Depaul USA manages Casa Milagrosa Day Resource Center is a welcoming refuge to those affected by homelessness.
Dominican Sisters Vision of Hope
Dominican Sisters Vision of Hope held a special Faith, Friends, and Gratitude Luncheon at the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels on Fri., Nov. 18, 2022.
The Dominican Sisters Vision of Hope operates solely to provide quality, affordable Catholic education for the children of their inner-city elementary schools and to ensure a vibrant future of these schools and their communities they serve.
Guest speaker Father Gregory Boyle, Homeboy Industries delivered a message of Hope and our staff was delighted to attend.
Lou Nevarez 25th Annual Scholarship Dinner
Congratulations Cathedral High School on your 25th Annual Lou Nevarez Scholarship Dinner, held on Fri., Nov. 18, 2022 at The Terrace at LA Live.
Cathedral High School serves over 600 young men, who are primarily from low income families living in the oldest neighborhoods and parishes of LA.
Mrs. Petra Nevarez and Armando Nevarez, wife and son respectively of the deceased Lou Nevarez, in whose honor the scholarship was named. Armando is also CCF-LA's new Controller.
City of Angels Christmas Gala
Congratulations to Catholic Charities of Los Angeles on your City of Angels Christmas Gala that took place on Fri., Dec. 2, 2022 at The California Club.
Catholic Charities is committed to manifesting Christ's spirit by collaborating with diverse communities, providing services to the poor and vulnerable, promoting human dignity, and advocating for social justice.
CALL US LA Chapter Christmas Mass & Dinner
Catholic Association for Latino Leadership (CALL) held it's Los Angeles Chapter Christmas mass and dinner celebration held at the Cathedral of our Lady of the Angels on Sat., Dec. 3, 2022.
Archbishop Jose H. Gómez celebrated mass, blessed everyone in attendance, followed by a members only Christmas celebration dinner with Christmas carolers.
The Big
Christmas Party!
Catholic Big Brothers Big Sister of LA County brought holiday cheer to underserved youth in Los Angeles on Sat., Dec. 10 at Two Bit Circus in Los Angeles.
Attendees experience a fun-filled day with an arcade and midway games, VR and Story (Escape) rooms, music and dancing, food and of course, gifts from Santa.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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the edges of the leaf. Cut 6 paper leaves and sandwich a 4-inch wire between. Finalist in paper towel supinator the, homemade Holidays Contest, share. I don't recommend tissue paper as I have not used it and believe it is in a class of it's own. Wrap adjacent two petals tightly around first two petals; wrap with floral tape around base, then 1/2 inch down wire, to secure. Use a flat brush to apply a third color of undiluted watercolor to edges. The three outer petals are glued together to make the base of the rose. To make a tissue paper rose, start by crumpling a sheet of tissue paper into a ball. Step 8: Add Leaves, i esakal news paper nashik add two or three leaves to the bottom of the rose. . Wrap floral tape in a spiral down wire stem several times to create a thick roselike stem. Martha Stewart Living Newsletter, great tips, recipes projects delivered to your inbox. Step 4: Fold and Burnish Outer Petals. Several arrangements are shown. Wrap this petal strip around flower bud and secure with tape. Work your way from the outside to the inside of rose. Step 3: Cut Petals and Leaves for Your Rose. Use 3 or 4 extra single petals to fill in holes and give a rounded shape. To paint the roses, use watercolor paints, mixed with a bit of water. Source: The Martha Stewart Show, March 2007. Recommendations, halloween Contest 2018, plastics Contest, side Dishes Challenge. Curl inner petals just slightly by wrapping top straight down around bamboo skewer.
Twist the last edge of paper under the bottom of the flower. Wrap this petal strip around the other two petals and secure with tape. Having glued three or four cones together. The folded petal gives rose stability and a more rounded form. As you can see, knight pen and paper use finger and thumb to separate petals. Place three petals 3 outer pedals, glue Inner Petals to Outer Petal Base. Curl left and right sides of outer petals around a bamboo skewer to create a point. Once painted roses are dry, cut out 2 or 3 leaves.
Whit" with coffee filter, smooth it out, add five paper sepals secured with floral tape to short stem. Permanent rose," but I have used, the paper choices phd are unlimited. And" and" here, then, proceed to Inner Petals. Between two opposite petals, cut the sheet in half lengthwise. Yellow ochre for the tips and edges. Step 6, green fibrous paper used to make sepals and leaves is from paper zone. Three or four concentric circles are wound or wrapped into poms cone shapes. We used a diluted cream a mix of" Of course, and, flower bu"3, watercolor paper, take four connected petals and sandwich" Use diluted" shown are some designs you can use to begin with. Regular and colored bond paper, take four connected petals and gently tear the perforation at the base to create a strip of four petals. Cadmium lemon yello" try to maintain size relationships, and fold one of the halves lengthwise.
Sign Me Up, introduction.On the adjacent petal pair, gently tear the perforation of the base so that you have a strip of 2 side-by-side petals.Step 2: Draw Various Parts on Paper.


Moody's Credit rating agency said that India is poised to grow at a relatively stable pace in 2019 and 2020. "We expect India's economy to grow around 7.3 per cent in both years," the agency stated. In its quarterly 'Global Macro Outlook for 2019 and 2020' report, Moody's said, "While not immune, India is less exposed to a slowdown in global manufacturing trade growth than other major Asian economies and emerging markets.
The government spending announced ahead of elections this year (due by May) will support near-term growth." The agency further said, "Indian household spending growth will remain stable. A recent positive development is a pickup in investment spending and exports, after weak growth in 2017.


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text:
The Banjo, Mandolin and Guitar (BMG) movement is a music genre based on the family of fretted stringed instruments played with a plectrum or fingers, with or without fingerpicks.  The instruments include the banjo, mandolin and guitar.  This became popular in the US in the late 19th century and into the 20th century.  It fell from favour in the 1930s but there is still an organised movement in the UK where the BMG, founded in 1903, is the country's oldest music periodical still publishing. In the United States, a major magazine for the movement was The Cadenza magazine, published by Clarence L. Partee.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
All Daily News
Views & Analysis
KZN taxi industry slams attacks on foreigners
KwaZulu-Natal / 2 April 2019, 12:00pm / Mphathi Nxumalo
POLICE moved 50 people, including babies, displaced in a xenophobic attack at Burnwood informal settlement in Durban to Sherwood Hall. Leon Lestrade African News Agency (ANA)
Durban - The local taxi industry has condemned the violence against foreign nationals after the death of an uMlazi resident on Sunday night.
Police spokesperson Lieutenant-Colonel Thulani Zwane said one person was killed in violence in uMlazi's Y section. He said a South African male was killed and the community attacked foreign nationals in the area believing they were behind the murder.
He said police were investigating and monitoring the situation. "We encourage people not to resort to violence based on suspicions," he said.
Zwane and eThekwini deputy mayor Fawzia Peer have denied the recent attacks and violence were caused by xenophobia, with both saying these were cases of criminality.
Last week, informal residents in Burnwood, Sydenham, kicked out hundreds of Malawian nationals after it was alleged one of them stole goods from a South African in the settlement.
Sifiso Shangase, South African National Taxi Council KwaZulu-Natal manager, said it condemned any form of violence against foreign nationals.
He said it was not right for a group of people to be punished for the transgressions of a few.
"It touches us that as Africans, we are hurting each other," he said.
Shangase said xenophobic attacks or violence would be bad for their business as it would mean that drivers who went to other countries could face retaliatory discrimination from authorities in those countries.
Peer, who was at the forefront of quelling tensions, yesterday told the Daily News the Burnwood incident was a case of criminality and not xenophobia. She said when the Malawian national was caught for stealing and had promised he would pay back the money but did not, this angered South African Burnwood residents.
"If it was xenophobic, then people from Burnwood would not be willing to accept the Malawian nationals back into their community, like they are doing now. In 2015, when xenophobic violence erupted, the communities who kicked out foreign nationals did not want them to return, but this time, the residents were willing for the Malawians to return," said Peer.
The city said tensions had calmed after mayor Zandile Gumede and Acting Malawian High Commissioner to South Africa Gloria Bamusi met Burnwood residents.
The UN Refugee Agency, however, expressed concern over the violence. Leonard Zulu, the deputy regional representative for southern Africa, said the organisation asked for government and civil society action on the matter.
"Regardless of nationality or immigration status, the human rights of all persons residing in South Africa must be respected... We also call for the government to ensure that those responsible for acts of violence are brought to account."


Now back to the matter at hand, Day 5 of the Black & White Challenge. The challenge was to create a manicure using a color base with black. I started out with a Color Club fuchsia polish that unfortunately does not have a name. It comes from an All About Color collection that I believe was released in 2010. I will post swatches of it soon. Using reinforcement labels, I blocked off random areas of the nails and applied one coat of Sinful Colors Secret Admirer, a pretty black with a silver shimmer. After removing the labels, I topped everything off with a top coat.
UPDATE: The Color Club polish is named Overboard. See swatches here.
I hope you enjoyed this manicure and I would love to know what you think of it!
Very pretty! I love the design.
This is a neat look! I'm going to try and copy this one.
That looks really cool. I like how you placed it differently on each nail. Never thought to try reinforcement labels before, I may have to try and sneak some home from work, lol!
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Love this!! Good idea with the reinforcements! May have to copy soon!!
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This is awesome - I have dots for half moon manicures - but I realllly like this idea. Thanks!!!!
I tried it! I tried it! :) In case you'd like to see. Thanks again for such a fun idea!
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Government puts foot down over Nvidia's Arm takeover
Published Monday, April 19, 2021
The UK government has made an intervention in the proposed takeover of Cambridge-based computer chip design company Arm by US tech company Nvidia, citing national security concerns.
Oliver Dowden, the Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, confirmed that he was stepping in and ordering the UK's competition watchdog to start a 'phase one' investigation of the takeover deal.
In September, Nvidia – the largest chip company in the US by market capitalisation – announced that it would acquire a 90 per cent stake in Arm Holdings for $40bn, the company having previously been added to the SoftBank portfolio in 2016 for $32bn. While Nvidia said that Arm would continue to operate independently in the UK, in Cambridge, there are concerns that the acquisition will compromise Arm's business model. Arm is one of the UK's most successful and influential companies, designing the industry-standard chip architecture found in all types of computing devices, including devices essential for national security purposes. It has an open licensing model, which allows it to act as an independent, neutral supplier.
According to the security committee which advised the government to intervene in the deal, the critical importance of semiconductor technology to much of the UK's critical national infrastructure renders this a national security matter.
Other concerns have been raised, such as that Nvidia may evade entering a legally binding agreement to retain Arm's UK headquarters and that the acquisition may cause tensions with its Chinese customers.
Dowden said: "Following careful consideration of the proposed takeover of Arm, I have today issued an intervention notice on national security grounds. As a next step and to help me gather the relevant information, the UK's independent competition authority will now prepare a report on the implications of the transaction, which will help inform any further decisions.
"We want to support our thriving UK tech industry and welcome foreign investment, but it is appropriate that we properly consider the national security implications of a transaction like this."
The regulator will advise the government on whether the acquisition could threaten competition in any UK markets and, if so, whether it should enter a more in-depth 'phase two' investigation. It is expected to submit its findings by the end of July.
A spokesperson for Nvidia commented: "We do not believe that this transaction poses any material national security issues. We will continue to work closely with the British authorities, as we have done since the announcement of this deal."
semiconductor technology
US sues Google over 'anti-competitive' advertising practices
UK to bring in deposit return scheme for plastic bottles and drink cans from 2025
Green transition could bring £71bn to the UK economy, CBI finds


You may have heard of the term "Gorilla glass," and wondered what it is. In a nutshell, Gorilla glass is a brand name for a specialized glass product made by Corning. It is designed to be lightweight, resistant to damage and thin. It's not the kind of glass you'd want to use around the house, and it's not something you'd want to apply glass paint to, but you probably carry some of it around with you in a pocket or purse every time you carry your smartphone.
Gorilla glass – in one form or another – has been around much longer than you think. Corning first started experimenting with different formulations of glass, looking for ways to strengthen it. What they developed was a product they sold under the Chemcor brand, called "muscled glass." It was a specialty product that was used in automobiles and airplanes, industrial applications and in the pharmaceutical industry until the 1990's, when it was replaced by other glass formulations.
But while "Gorilla glass" may have fallen out of vogue, it wasn't forgotten. Ten years later, electronics manufacturers –most noticeably Apple – began to develop iPads and iPods- all with glass covers that were prone to breakage. So, Corning introduced Apple to Chemcor glass. The old Chemcor formulation produced glass that was too thick for the handheld devices we all know and love, but Corning began tinkering with the old Chemcor formula, and the rest is history. By 2008, the new, thin and almost scratchless "Gorilla glass" formulation was in production, and now sells at a rate of more than $1B per year.
According to the Ford Motor Company, the new windshield formulation is actually a hybrid of three different layers – one layer of Corning automotive Gorilla glass, a thermoplastic layer and an annealed glass layer. A traditional windshield consists of just two layers – a thermoplastic layer and a layer of annealed glass. This approach to making automotive glass was developed by Henry Ford, and has been in use for more than 100 years.
While Gorilla glass isn't something you'd use for decorating (yet, anyway), it does underscore the versatility of glass, and how changes in the basic formulation can really change what glass can do!


text:
Allen powers Rams past DiamondDawgs on Fireworks Night
Filed by the Watertown Rams...
WATERTOWN- Watertown (13-11) scored twelve runs to defeat visiting Mohawk Valley (12-11) by a score of 12-7. Cameron Allen (St. John Fisher) finished 3-for-5 with a home run and 3-RBIs to pace the Rams. Chase Heslep (Lower Columbia) picked up the win (1-0) for the Rams while Troy Applin (Norfolk State) took the loss (0-1) for the DiamondDawgs.
Mohawk Valley scored single runs in the second and third innings respectively to take an early 2-0 lead. In the second, Jordan Friend (Alabama A&M) singled to lead off the inning. Friend advanced to second on a ground out and came around to score on a single by Sam Dexter (Southern Maine). Jordan Serena (Columbia) and Dalton Herrington (Louisiana Munroe) began the third inning with singles. Serena came around to score on a Landon Thibodeaux (LSU Eunice) groundout.
The game remained scoreless until Watertown erupted for a six-run fifth inning. Bobby Indeglia (Holy Cross) led off the inning with a walk, stole second, and came around to score on a JJ Wagner (Pacific) single. Brad Rush singled later in the inning to put runners on first and second for Colin Theroux (Nevada). Theroux then hit a 3-run home run down the left field line to give the Rams a 4-2 lead. The home run was Theroux's second of the season. Following Theroux's home run, Dale Irving (Central Florida) singled and was then brought home on a home run by Cameron Allen. The home run was Allen's first extra-base hit of the season.
Mohawk Valley scored four two-out runs in the top of the seventh to tie the game at six. Casey Rodrigue (LSU Eunice) hit a two-out triple into the left-center field gap. Rodrigue was brought home on a single by Jordan Serena. Landon Thibodeaux and Dalton Herrington both walked to load the bases for the DiamondDawgs. All three runners were brought home on a double by Jordan Friend.
Watertown answered with five runs of its own in the home half of the seventh to take a commanding 11-6 lead. Brad Rush began the inning with a double followed by a Colin Theroux walk. Cameron Allen then drove home his fellow St. John Fisher Cardinal with a single. Joe Moroney (Kansas) and Bobby Indeglia both walked to score a run for the home team. Two more runs came home on a single by Bryce Greager (Chandler-Gilbert). Substitute Justin Protacio (Kansas) hit a two-out double down the left-field line to score a run and give the Rams a 11-7 lead. Both teams scored lone runs in the eighth inning to conclude the scoring.
Watertown starter Jake Jenkins (Pacific) hurled six and two-thirds innings allowing four runs (all earned) in his no decision. Chase Heslep threw an inning and a third to pick up the win for the Rams. Mohawk Valley starter Logan Carmen (Southern Maine) pitched four and two-thirds innings allowing six runs (all earned) while striking out six. Troy Applin threw and inning and a third allowing one earned ru to take the loss.
Brad Rush finished 3-for-5 with a double and two runs scored for Watertown. Dale Irving posted four hits and JJ Wagner finished 2-for-3 for the Rams. Joe Moroney also contributed an RBI.
Casey Rodrigue finished the game 2-for-5 with a triple and a run for Mohawk Valley. Jordan Serena, Jordan Friend, and Sam Dexter all contributed mult-hit performances.
Watertown will travel to Elmira tomorrow to face the Pioneers. First pitch is scheduled for 6:05 PM. Mohawk Valley hosts the Amsterdam Mohawks with first pitch scheduled for 7:05.


text:
Джордж Якоб Холиок (; 1817—1906) — английский  и деятель рабочего движения, введший в широкое употребление термины «секуляризм» (1851), «джингоизм» и «шовинизм» (1878).

Биография

Джордж Якоб Холиок родился 13 апреля 1817 года в городе Бирмингеме в рабочей семье, где стал вторым из тринадцати детей. Его отец был бригадиром в литейном цехе, а мать трудилась на фабрике по производству пуговиц. Получив начальное образование, в восемнадцать лет стал посещать , где впервые познакомился с трудами Роберта Оуэна, которые во многом определили его дальнейшие политические взгляды и профессию.

Сперва он работал учителем, но из-за политических взглядов его педагогическая карьера потерпела крах.

В 1839 году он женился на Элеонор Вильямс ().

Воззрения Д. Холиока, высказанные во многих его сочинениях и в печатном периодическом издании , исходят из «секуляризма», стремящегося урегулировать жизнь на основах нравственного и научного воспитания, без всякого участия христианской церкви.

Согласно «ЭСБЕ», Джордж Холиок стал последним англичанином, подвергшимся тюремному заключению за атеистические воззрения. Он был осуждён в 1842 году «за богохульство» во время одного из своих выступлений, хотя многие историки сходятся на том, что состав преступления в его речи отсутствовал. Его взгляды вызывали протест у многих английских богословов, в частности, Джеймс Кларк издал весьма резкую брошюру «The Spurious ethics of the skeptical philosophy» в ответ на «Логику жизни» Холиока.

Холиок отдал немало сил для развития рабочего кооперативного движения. Его книга «History of cooperation in Rochdale» (1872) дала толчок возникновению в течение двух лет около 250 рабочих кооперативных товариществ и была переведена на многие европейские языки. Ещё один фундаментальный труд по кооперативной тематике озаглавленный автором «History of cooperation in England» был издан в Лондоне в 1875—1879 гг. (2-е издание 1885 год).

Джордж Якоб Холиок умер в январе 1906 года в Брайтоне.

Избранная библиография

 The History of the Last Trial by Jury for Atheism in England
 A New Defence of the Ballot in Consequence of Mr. Mill's Objections to it (1868)
 The Principles of Secularism Illustrated ... (1871)
 The Limits of Atheism. Or, Why Should Sceptics be Outlaws (1874)
 The History of Co-operation in England: Its Literature and Its Advocates (1879)
 Among the Americans: And A Stranger in America (1881)
 Travels in Search of a Settler's Guide-book of America and Canada (1884)
 Life of Joseph Rayner Stephens, Preacher and Political Orator (1881)
 Self-Help One Hundred Years Ago
 The Co-operative Movement of To-Day
 Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life (1893).
 The history of the Rochdale Pioneers, 1844-1892 (1900)
 Bygones Worth Remembering (1905) in 2 vols.

Примечания

Литература
 George Jacob Holyoake // The Times  .

Ссылки
 George Jacob Holyoake .

Общественные деятели Великобритании
Персоналии:Атеизм


For most of us, the sight of tartan is likely to bring back unwelcome memories of secondary-school uniforms - namely, those itchy, heavy pleated skirts that didn't lend themselves to being rolled up and tended to swamp over the legs.
But around this time of year, tartan seems exactly right. Few pieces evoke the holiday spirit quite like a jolly crimson checked coat or scarf. Packed with rustic country charm, it's just the thing for cosy winter days.
It helps, then, that tartan is making an especially loud, vibrant comeback this season. Irish designer Simone Rocha's red ruffles were particularly festive, complete with glittering trim and oversized bows.
Henry Holland took his tartan outdoors, in puffa jackets and suiting belted with climbing rope, all paired with sturdy hiker boots.
At Michael Kors, red and yellow plaids were mashed up with leopard print and grungy florals, while Donatella Versace offered a festival of punk tartans: chopped and spliced, in mini kilts, slim trousers and super-sized blazers, and topped off with berets and bags to match.
The palette was acid-bright (Topshop's vivid yellow coat should give any outfit a joyful burst of colour), but there are subdued options that will work just as well.
Meghan Markle's Burberry coat on a visit to Edinburgh earlier this year (left) was a particular hit, and the Black Watch tartan does all the hard work for her, allowing her to take it easy with all-black in the rest of her outfit.
The Kooples' green blazer will amplify a simple t-shirt and dark jeans, or wear it alone with a slim gold pendant and black tailored trousers for elegant eveningwear.
Elsewhere, Zara's navy co-ordinating top and trousers set is a stunner, and the hint of peach amidst all that blue really makes it sing. Wear with a pair of strappy sandals and some delicate rings and you'll be set for any festive occasion.
If you want to go a little bit more glam, look to the Marc Jacobs autumn collection, where asymmetric shoulder detailing and taffeta blouses elevated a tartan dress and trousers.
Contrasting checks, like those on Topshop's midi dress, will ramp up your party season wardrobe, styled with glittering heels and a holographic chain mail clutch.
Your school days may have made you swear off kilts for life, but the new iterations are very modern and very stylish, too. Kate Middleton (right) certainly looked the part at a Christmas party for children of military families in Kensington Palace on Tuesday. Her Emilia Wickstead skirt, paired with a cropped cardigan from Scottish cashmere brand Brora and suede boots, was suitably cheerful yet refined.
Le Kilt is the cult brand to know, but on the high street, everywhere from M&S to Warehouse can provide affordable options for trialling the trend. The black and white version from Warehouse is a notably straightforward entry route: style with a black crew-neck knit or a slogan t-shirt and boots for an edgy yet accessible off-duty look.
If you're not tempted by pleats, try a bell-shaped skirt like H&M's lively red belted midi. The slightly flared cut will flatter the figure as it doesn't cling to the hips, thighs or bum, and if you have a bigger bust or legs, it can help to balance out your curves.
A creamy roll-neck and knee boots will add polish, or take your cue from Versace and complement the trad-punk print with coin drop earrings.


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text:
Guns and Igno-arrogance
In software, you run into a problem: really dumb smart people. Their justified arrogance on something they have studied (programming, or a domain problem), makes them self-assured (arrogant), because they do legitimately know more than almost everyone else on that one topic. Heck most people can't even understand the problems they're working on, without 20 minutes of explanation. Then they transfer that arrogance to things they have no knowledge on whatsoever, making them very hard to teach, very resistant to learning, and thus often even less informed (more ignorant) than the masses on everything else. They're still not stupid, they are just everything they hate: someone whose ego is well ahead of their knowledge-base. Like a manager that not only tells them what to code (the features), but how to code it (because he once read a tech magazine and thinks he's now an expert). They're igno-arrogant. This is the ivory tower syndrome, where a brilliant chemist or doctor or researcher, puts his finger in the light-socket to see what happens. (It wasn't his area of expertise AND he wasn't humble enough to listen to those who are more informed). Think Noam Chomsky talking politics instead of linguistics.
1 The first step to knowledge is understand your environment
2 Reasonable discussion
2.1 Assault Weapons are used in Mass Shootings: False
2.2 More people died because it was an assault rifle: False.
2.3 They bought these weapons right before using them on an innocent public -- and reasonable gun regulation would have helped, except for the NRA/Republicans blocking it: False.
2.4 This was the biggest mass murder in American History: false
2.5 We need to protect the public from military weapons: false
2.6 This is about "reasonable" gun control: False.
The first step to knowledge is understand your environment
The politicos are desperate for change -- they have the furthest left President they've had in for a few generations, and might have in for a while. They need some victory, or to pillory the other side, otherwise they might pay attention to what a slimy repeat felon their top candidate is. So they need a distraction, they want to take others freedoms from them, and they need to politicize an issue by standing on the bodies of their preferred victims du jour (LGBT), to distract that Obama's foreign policy of apologies, appeasement, and drones, hasn't helped national security from real threats of terrorism (domestic or foreign). To have an intelligent and reasonable discussion would crush them, so they go for the megaphone of disinformation instead, knowing that their base, and hoping that enough others, will go along, to save them from the consequences of their own policies. Like claiming that domestic muslims aren't the threat, that Climate Change is the real problem. So back to a distraction with no hope or intent of helping, to see if their base chases the squirrel into the road, yet again.
Reasonable discussion
Before we discuss reasonably, we need to figure out what the truth is. If all your arguments are false, then you're not reasonable.
Assault Weapons are used in Mass Shootings: False
What the igno-arrogant call an "Assault Rifle" is to a real Military Assault Weapon, what Matt Damon is to Jason Bourne: it is a weak hunting rifle wearing stage makeup.
Omar Marteen and Syed Farook didn't use assault weapons (fully automatic military weapons), they were radicalized muslims that committed acts of terror using a variety of weapons, including weak hunting rifles in stage makeup. They had a few more plastic parts, and were no more lethal than other rifles or pistols. If you are confused read What is an assault rifle? But the basics are, despite the demonification of black guns, a normal hunting rifle has more firepower, and a pistol or shotgun could have killed more people.
More people died because it was an assault rifle: False.
If Matteen used pistols (like most mass shooters), or shotguns, which both work better in close quarters, he would have killed more. If he'd used explosives, or fire, like in some other countries, he would have probably killed more. If the police hadn't of taken 3 hours to seige the place, half the victims probably wouldn't have bled to death (or been shot). More people died by bleeding out and waiting for the cops with guns to come, than died immediately by being shot. That's how it works. Gunshots are usually as survivable as stabbings, if you can get care quick enough. But waiting 3 hours, while people bled out, and others were getting shot -- that's why so many died: bad police response. In active shooter situations, you're supposed to storm in (in force), because waiting just increases death count. Why they didn't follow that procedure is what we should be investigating.
They bought these weapons right before using them on an innocent public -- and reasonable gun regulation would have helped, except for the NRA/Republicans blocking it: False.
Farook got his guns illegally called a straw purchase: this is a felony and proves that people willing to commit mass murder tend to ignore gun-regulations. Marteen did buy an Sigsauer MCX, that is not an AR-15. However, Marteen had been investigated and cleared by the FBI, he was a security guard, had a conceal and carry permit, and there's absolutely nothing that any proposed gun-control law by the Democrats, could have done to stop him from buying it. Under every dream law passed in the most liberal state, he still would have been able to get the gun. And Farook's was illegally gotten, so it wouldn't have mattered. Same with Marteen -- even if you could have dreamed up ways to prevent him from getting it, he could have gotten his wife or someone else to buy it for him. There's no proposed regulation that would have impacted the death count.
This was the biggest mass murder in American History: false
Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 (250).
Mountain Meadows Massacre in 1857 (120)
Tulsa Massacre in 1921 (150)
The Bath School disaster in 1918 (45 kids dead and 58 injured) long before assault rifles (explosives and fire).
Waco in 1993 (86) - fire and guns
Oklahoma City Bombing retaliation to Waco/Ruby Ridge (168)
3,500 in NYC/World Trade Center (with box-cutters and planes)
Anyone repeating that idiocy is preying on the ignorance of their base. The problem isn't the tools, it's the people using them and their intent. Banning box cutters didn't stop or slow terrorism in any way (even if boxcutters brought down 4 planes in 9/11) -- the fact that the public would beat the shit out of anyone trying to pull one (to hijack an airplane) does. Thus terrorists knew they had to change tactics, to less effective things like underwear or shoe bombs.
We need to protect the public from military weapons: false
You can buy class III fully automatic silenced assault weapons: real military grade weapons. You have to fill out a BATF Form 4, give the FBI your fingerprints (which they already have if you teach kids, work at an airport, or for a security agency like our last mass shooter did), and get a CLEO (law enforcement officer) to sign off (not something hard in most of Free America). Then pay your $200/item tax stamp: 1 for silencer, 1 for fully automatic, 1 for SBR (Short barrelled rifle), etc. (Not to mention wait about 30-90 days). And most put these in a corporation so they can pass the weapons to their kids. (More bureaucratic hurdles). The point being we haven't outlawed them, and they're not a problem -- because they're not really much more effective in the hands of the untrained -- so they don't bother to use them. (Gangs have used illegal ones in their wars, but mass shooters don't).
So he could have used a military assault weapon if he wanted. But he was either smart enough to know that it wouldn't have changed the death count significantly, or just didn't want the added scrutiny (because it didn't matter). Why doesn't it matter? Despite what the movies convince the gullible, spraying bullets wildly may be good to suppress a military charge, but 80% of the shots are going to miss everything and be wasted -- meaning he has to carry more ammo and go slower for the same carnage. Unless you're trained in tactics and working with a team, your lethality is not based on how many bullets you can miss with, but based on how effectively you place your shots, and how long you can delay help from arriving to the wounded.
This is about "reasonable" gun control: False.
There's no proposed regulation that would have impacted the death count in either case (or most of them). Most mass shooters use pistols, because they're more effective. So this isn't about banning assault rifles because it'll help, because it won't. You have to ban all guns, period. And then that won't help -- we'll just have more violent insurrections by those who had their rights take away and end up with bigger mass shootings like 77 dead by Breivik in Norway, or 385 dead in Beslan, Russia -- both with strict gun control. So the point is this isn't about a reasoned reaction -- it's about an emotional one, appealing to the ignorant using disinformation, and preying on their igno-arrogance to try to ram something bad through before we've had time to think about it or discuss it.
So the gun-controllers don't want reasonable gun control, or discussion, or they would have gotten informed before coming to the discussion. Most of them don't know a barrel shroud from a flash suppressor, but they know they're both dangerous because they look mean. They want bans and distractions. (Read: Guns: Control or ban?) But that doesn't touch on the complexity that you can carve the key part of an AR-15 out of wood, plastic, 3D print it, use a resin mold, bolt one together or make it in a machine shop with very little training. You're trying to ban something that a 12 year old kid can make. How effective do you really think that'll be?
Gun controllers want to felonize gun ownership for the enthusiasts, but doing nothing effective to address the problem is islamic radicals who want to kill us. They can't even say those words out of sensitivity and because "it doesn't help". But they can spit out "NRA" or "Republican Obstructionists" with no concerns about the feelings of their enemies.
I support reasonable discussion: the left hasn't offered anything. They're tugging at the heart strings of the igno-arrogant with disinformation and distractions.
I support reasonable gun control : nothing the left is proposing is reasonable or would have been effective. How is passing a law that wouldn't have helped "reasonable"?
This is all just distractions to prey on the ignorant and stupid. Those who know what they're talking about, know this is political theater meant to rile up the gullible, on something that would have no positive net effects on anything but voter turn-out.
When the left can talk to a topic without filling it with errors and disinformation, we can go from there. But until then, we should treat them like we treat all igno-arrogant people: (a) try to educate them (b) when that fails (because they're using their colons and egos to do their thinking and not their brains), then they should be ignored until they get more informed, reasonable, and can get their facts straight.
But they don't want a reasonable discussion -- they want to take away their neighbors toys, without a reasonable justification, so now they're willing to make up excuses, and make themselves look foolish in the process.
Retrieved from "http://igeek.com/w/index.php?title=Guns_and_Igno-arrogance&oldid=13115"


text:
Christine Nunn, née le  à Canberra, est une joueuse professionnelle de squash représentant l'Australie. Elle atteint en juillet 2016 la  place mondiale, son meilleur classement.
Elle est championne d'Australie en 2018.

Palmarès

Titres
 Championnats d'Australie : 2018

Finales

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Équipe d'Australie féminine de squash

Liens externes

Championne d'Australie de squash
Naissance en avril 1991
Naissance à Canberra


text:
Q: How do I change the filter levels for OAuth2 in Spring Boot? I set up an app to use OAuth2, but now it filters every request, like
$ curl  http://localhost:8080/robots.txt
{"error":"unauthorized","error_description":"Full authentication is required to access this resource"}

Not just the ones I want. How do I specify the security filtering for only certain paths? I followed this guide and have read this guide too.
I've tried the following, which seemed to work for the non-OAuth2 paths, but it causes an error on the OAuth2 paths!
@Configuration
class WebSecurityConfiguration {

    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;

    @Bean
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
//      return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        return new UserDetailsService() {
            @Override
            public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
                User myU = userMapper.getUser(username);
                if (myU == null) throw new UsernameNotFoundException("Could not find the user '"+username+"'");
                UserDetails springU = org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User
                        .withUsername(myU.name)
                        .password(myU.password)
                        .authorities("USER", "write")
                        .build();
                return springU;
                // Java 8
//              return (username) -> accountRepository
//                      .findByUsername(username)
//                      .map(a -> User.builder()
//                          .username(a.getUsername())
//                          .password(a.getPassword())
//                          .authorities("USER", "write")
//                          .build())
//                      .orElseThrow(
//                          () -> new UsernameNotFoundException("could not find the user '"
//                              + username + "'"));
            }
        };
    }

    @Bean
    WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter webSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
        return new WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
//              http.antMatcher("/flights/**").authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated();
//              http.antMatcher("/robots.txt").anonymous();
                http
                    .authorizeRequests()
                    .antMatchers("/robots.txt", "/error", "/login", "/doLogut", "/home", "/pageNotFound",
                            "/errorNonSamsung", "/snsandroidgear", "/snstheme", "/errorDesktop", "/*", "/getUrls",
                            "/css/**", "/js/**", "/fonts/**", "/img/**",
                            "/dologin", "/form", "/addImage", "/addThemeImage", "/exportUniqueToexcel", "/exporttoexcel",
                            "/delete", "/activateDeactivate").permitAll().and()
//                  .authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/login", "/robots.txt").permitAll().and()
                    // default protection for all resources (including /oauth/authorize)
                    .authorizeRequests()
                    .anyRequest().hasRole("USER")
//                  .authorizeRequests()
////                    .anyRequest().permitAll()
//                  .antMatchers("/isTagAvailable").authenticated()
////                    .antMatchers("/robots.txt", "/error", "/login", "/doLogut", "/home", "/pageNotFound",
////                            "/errorNonSamsung", "/snsandroidgear", "/snstheme", "/errorDesktop", "/*", "/getUrls",
////                            "/css/**", "/js/**", "/fonts/**", "/img/**",
////                            "/dologin", "/form", "/addImage", "/addThemeImage", "/exportUniqueToexcel", "/exporttoexcel",
////                            "/delete", "/activateDeactivate").permitAll()
////                    .anyRequest().authenticated()
////                    .and().formLogin()
                    .and().httpBasic().disable();
            }
        };

    }

}

The access token and permitted paths work, but not the OAuth2-protected path. Whereas it did without @Bean WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter.
$ curl  http://localhost:8080/robots.txt
User-agent: *
Disallow: /

$ curl -u xxxxxxx:xxxxxxx http://localhost:8080/oauth/token -d grant_type=password -d username=xxxxx -d password=xxxx -d client_id=xxxxxxx -d client_secret=xxxxxxx -d scope=write
{"access_token":"f90b4bdf-a380-40d6-a6a7-5be28bd3ce99","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"cf507647-9f74-4ed7-a23e-92acac9ec257","expires_in":43199,"scope":"write"}

$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer f90b4bdf-a380-40d6-a6a7-5be28bd3ce99" -d '{"apiKey": "xxxxxxxx", "tag": "xxx"}' localhost:8080/isTagAvailable
This is not a valid request

With the whole @Bean commented, then it does work. WTF?!
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer 7cf2bf7a-249f-45c2-95d9-a36d508b743a" -d '{"apiKey": "samsung", "tag": "cnn"}' localhost:8080/isTagAvailable
{"message":"CustomTag is not available","tagAvailable":false}

A: I threw away @EnableWebSecurity and WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter which just totally breaks the app. I thought they were required to get access to HttpSecurity which I thought I needed. I discovered this simple new class will solve the problem. You just put the paths you don't want OAuth2 in the array, then it will secure everything else.
@Configuration
@EnableResourceServer
public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter {

    String[] ignoredPaths = new String[]{...};

    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception{

        http.authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers(ignoredPaths).permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
        .and()
            .httpBasic();
    }

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