text:
RUSSIAN-THISTLE (Salsola tragus)
MUTATION: TRYPTOPHAN 574 to LEUCINE
Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus) is a dicot plant in the chenopodiaceae family. A single amino acid substitution from Tryptophan 574 to Leucine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below.
Russian-thistle
Warwick, S. I. ; Sauder, C. A. ; Beckie, H. J.. 2010. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) target-site mutations in ALS inhibitor-resistant Russian thistle (Salsola tragus). Weed Science 58 : 244 - 251.
ALS inhibitor-resistant biotypes are the fastest growing class of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds. A Canadian ALS inhibitor-resistant biotype of Russian thistle was first reported in 1989. The molecular basis for ALS-inhibitor resistance is unknown for Canadian populations of this polyploid weed species, and was determined in this study for one Alberta and two Saskatchewan HR Russian thistle populations. HR plants survived spray application of the ALS-inhibitor mixture thifensulfuron:tribenuron in the greenhouse. All three HR Russian thistle populations were heterogeneous and contained both HR and herbicide-susceptible (HS) individuals. The molecular basis for resistance was determined by sequencing the ALS gene and/or conducting a TaqMan genotyping assay for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for the Trp574Leu mutation. Two target-site mutations were observed: Trp574Leu in all three biotypes (554 individuals) and Pro197Gln in one biotype (one individual), suggesting multiple-founding events for Russian thistle HR populations in western Canada. Segregation patterns among F1 and F2 progeny arrays of HR lines sprayed under greenhouse conditions varied; some segregated (i.e., had HR and HS progeny), whereas other lines were exclusively HR. In contrast, no segregation of molecular types, i.e., Trp574, Trp/Leu574 and Leu574, as would be expected with heterozygosity at a single locus Trp/Leu574, was observed. Such lack of segregation is consistent with the polyploid genome structure of Russian thistle and the presence of two copies of the ALS gene. The presence of more than one ALS gene confounded the ability of the molecular techniques to accurately identify "true" heterozygotes in this study..


We present the observation of critical coupling in a high-Q fused-silica microsphere whispering-gallery mode resonator coupled to a fiber taper. Extremely efficient and controlled power transfer to high-Q (∼10^7) resonators has been demonstrated. Off-resonance scattering loss was measured to be less than 0.3%. On-resonance extinction in transmitted optical power through the fiber coupler was measured as high as 26 dB at the critical coupling point. This result opens up a range of new applications in fields as diverse as near-field sensing and quantum optics.
© 2000 The American Physical Society. Received 17 December 1999. This work was supported by DARPA and the Office of Naval Research. K.J.V. thanks A. Yariv for helpful discussions.


Do you hear the alarm sounding?
It's time for God's people to pray.
Our nation faces a serious crossroads. It is our most crucial hour. Please join us as we join forces with Christians throughout the world to ask for divine intervention.
The Intercessory Prayer Initiative was born out of a desire to recruit an army of prayer warriors who are willing to go to the front lines of today's spiritual battle. Christians from various streams and denominational backgrounds are putting aside their differences to unite around the agenda of Jesus Christ.
We are asking the Lord to bring His kingdom on earth, establish His government, empower His church, mobilize His people and scatter His enemies.
Will you join us in the battle?
* Intercessory Prayer Initiative is sponsored by Charisma and SpiritLed Woman magazines.


Everyone needs a few good friends, even a public library. Since 1962 the Friends of Hemet Public Library have supported the library in developing its facilities, collections, and services. Through library advocacy, special used book sales, sales in their library bookshop, and small fund raising activities, the friends stimulate greater public support and use of the library.
The Hemet Friends of the Library accept all donations during the hours of 9 am to 6 pm Wednesday through Saturday. Please do not leave your donations outside the library as the "Good Stuff" is taken before the Friends and Library have an opportunity to accept them. Remember, your donations are tax deductible, so be sure to pick up a form from the Friends.
The Friends meet the third Wednesday of each month at 1:30 pm. They do not meet June, July and August.
Be sure to follow the Friends of the Hemet Public Library on Facebook!


Today's title is self-encouragement. I am acknowledging my technical ability to do all that I wish. This is nerve-racking, frightening, intimidating, and, if I let it be so, unnerving. I will not let it unnerve me. Courage is important. When a door opens there is a mystery on the other side. A choice must be made. Rest where one is, or proceed. To be a true artist one must proceed into the darkness to see the light. Yesterday I looked at a lot of Picasso's work. Through his work you can see him proceed into the darkness; you can see Picasso finding, always finding. OK. It is my time to do the same.
A Note about Reproduction: I am disturbed by the inaccuracy of the reproductions of the drawings shown today, particularly the one above this note. The subtlety of art is badly missed in electronic and digitized reproduction. Photography is not any better. I encourage you to see real art.
I feel like the upside down man in yesterday's first drawing (above). I am missing clarity in the very reason I make art. I believe this has to do with getting my work "out there". It is time for me to communicate and interact with more than myself. This means it is time for me to actively seek a substantial and important venue for exhibition of my work. When I accept and understand this I will prepare my work as one prepares a speech to be given in public. This is something I need.
There is no such thing as normalcy. But I try. I am rebounding from last week's tremendous amount of distraction and the scattering of my energy on folderol. So returning to proper focus is desirable and needed. Yesterday's drawings were very helpful in bringing me back out of the cold.
As usual I show yesterday's drawing today. It is today that was long & busy. Tomorrow I will have nothing to show, so there will be no blog post tomorrow. However, I will have much artistic and creative energy tomorrow, stored away, as it is, because of today's distractions.
I need a day to step back and look at the state of my recent and incomplete paintings (i.e. those in progress). I am ready to move on — I will stretch a new canvas today. I will not abandon the three paintings in progress, but move on I must. I believe I am assembling an exhibition. When I reach the twelfth recently completed painting I will know it is time for a one-man show again.
Every day I am surprised. Bone jarring it is, but not the kind that worries or harms. Instead I am excited and amused.
You are watching, and I am watching, a revolution. It is my personal revolution, but no one, not even I, knows where it will take us.
I know I am tired. I slept nine hours last night. This exhaustion is a reaction to a recent insight. Insights require much energy to be made physical. Exhaustion is a result of the physicality of transforming an insight into material expression. Please look at all three images posted today. Please note that these images represent an expressive, emotional, intellectual insight transformed into material representation.
It is the hand sticking up on the upper right that informs me. The rest is just there. Some forms are expressed better than other forms. Some forms are expressed well, and others more poorly. Within all of this it is the hand with the cherry balanced on its index finger which speaks volumes to me. Yes, it is about volume. It is also about compositional motion, emotional expression, and the minor elements of form playing against, and with, the major form. The man's nose goes to hell. This brings me to a regret. I feel I have failed to bring the level of expression found in this hand into my heads. Compare the man's head to his raised hand! The minor forms of his head do not play with the major form nearly as well as the form-play occurs in the hand. Insights come slowly, but they do come because i return, over and over, relentlessly, to the same problem. As usual, I wish I was faster. However, I must admit there is joy in the process. Problem solving rewards one small insight at a time. I know where today's studio time will begin.
...and it landed in this painting.
The life of a painting is something to behold. That's probably why I write this blog. I am surprised at the turn this painting took yesterday. I had to work myself through nine previous states of it to get here. During those transitions I often wondered, "Is all this effort going anywhere?" I admit now (which, before today, I dared not write aloud), there were days I looked at this painting and thought it was not up to my standards. I thought, "This is failing." I have lept far away from that desperate feeling with this state #10. In yesterday's blog post I wrote of a drawing which seemed to "fall out of the sky." Yesterday's change in "Painting-12·13·2012" hit me in the same way, by surprise, as if the stuff found in the drawing posted yesterday landed in this painting. That "stuff" is knowledge acquired becoming intuition in action.


Scott, a man with a tragic family history, unravels a mystery surrounding another, hidden family tragedy: a boy was killed in the house many years ago so that he could be quietly replaced with a different boy, a healthy one, less likely to die off inconveniently and separate the paternal assassin from the fortune of which he had custody; moreover, this changeling proved to be most energetic and willful once he had the fortune in his grasp (selective genetics carried to an extreme here). The link between the ghost of the sickly true heir and the Scott character is loneliness: seeing that justice is served—even for the dead—gives Scott a reason to live. Once he has gone through the experience—fighting stifling bureaucracy and dangerous men proves more difficult than battling ghosts—Scott's own demon is exorcised, and the house is burned (burns itself?) to a cinder. Two people have reached out through space and time to cooperate in an endeavor that brings an eminently healthy conclusion: one is allowed to rest in peace and one is ready to live again. Not a bad conclusion for a movie from which you expect only a rollercoaster ride through an old dark house.
Direction: Peter Medak. Screenplay: William Gray and Diana Maddox, after a story by Russell Hunter. Cinematography: John Coquillon. Production design: Trevor Williams. Music: Rick Wilkins; conducted and arranged by Ken Wannberg. Production: Joel B. Michaels and Garth H. Drabinsky.
The players: George C. Scott, Trish Van Devere, Melvyn Douglas, Bernard Behrens, Roberta Maxwell, Chris Gampel, Madeleine Thornton-Sherwood, Barry Morse, John Colicos, Jean Marsh; and introducing Robert Horton.


Thank you for the quick delivery I ordered my Sunday got it Wednesday this the third time I ordered hair from them. I never been disappointed the quality of the hair is superior it's soft no odor. I will always order my hair from Asteria.
I love the quality of the hair , I can't wait for the hair to be installed , the shipping was fast and they gave me 3 free eyelashes with my order and Jony was so patient and sweet.


text:
Union () може значити:

Музика

 Union (альбом The Boxer Rebellion)
 Union (альбом Chara)
 Union (альбом Yes)

Див. також
 Союз
 Унія
 Юніон

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The thirteen short stories, written 1924-28, are set in Europe and America and reflect Lawrence's experiences in the postwar period. Many were considerably revised; some were completely rewritten. The editors give composition histories and discuss publication difficulties. Appendixes record manuscript revisions for three stories and give complete, unpublished early versions of four. Notes elucidate literary allusions and give biographical information. An unpublished fragment, A Pure Witch, is also included.


The next recollection - it is already in the ward, I was sick, stomach ache and I was dragged out through the nose piece of a wire directly from the stomach itself, saying that it was very appropriate probe.
Tie fishing knots. Make a paper CD case and even print stuff on the back. Pick locks. Learn about diseases at The Centers for Disease Control's Kids' Pages. Become an artist. Improve your American Sign Language at The ASL Browser. A dog who can skateboard.


Spring is here, at least in our hearts, and the essence of new beginnings leads us out of this long and cold winter. Our commitment to providing a pleasant and safe space for our practice involves an ongoing cosmetic and functional makeover. We finally replaced our cracked mirror. We installed new carpeting in the common areas. Our painting project is nearly finished and we would like to thank Peter Thayer for his diligent and thorough work.
There are still many projects in the planning and development stage as well as the fundraising stage! We plan to extend our suspended ceiling and install a more natural lighting system in the common areas. Our bathrooms are in need of some attention as well and we hope to get to that by fall. Our new heating and ventilation system kept the studio nice and hot over the cold winter months, even in the early morning. The new heat recovery fresh air ventilation system in the yoga room has made a big difference in the quality of air during the crowded classes both with venting carbon dioxide and managing humidity.
Mark The Date! Sunday April 13th at 11:00 am we are hosting a baby shower for our teacher Kelly Benson. We hope you can join us in celebrating her expected newborn. Her registry is at babyearth.com and also at Target.
Welcome Back to Ashley Bench! Ashley taught for us here for a few years and then moved to Colorado. She will be staying with us for about a month beginning April 10th and teaching many classes, including the Saturday 11:30 intermediate class.
As many of you have heard by now we are in the process of "breaking up" with Bikram Choudhury and Bikram Incorporated. This is opening up many possibilities for us that we are excited to explore. Our new Fusion class on Tuesday morning at 8:30 and Friday evening at 5:30 is being well received. Our intermediate class offering on Saturday at 11:30 is a nice challenge for those wanting to delve further into their asana practice. We will be adding a weekday version of this class with our summer schedule. Our core focus remains the Hot Yoga 26 Posture 90 minute Beginner Class that we have always offered. We are in the legal process of changing our name and once that is completed we will slowly rebrand all of our marketing and promotional material.
We wish you all a beautiful Spring season and hope to see you in the yoga room.
Angela, Michael and all of us here at Maine Hatha Yoga.


Let's kick it up a notch here in our second play-along segment shall we?
We are going to play more of a rock groove in this segment to get you used to using your thumb to get a pick-like tone out of your bass. You are going to follow me as I play various and gradually more complex bass lines with my thumb and I'll also include some muting so that you can get used to the sound, and to switching back and forth between a muted sound and a non-muted tone.


text:
21st Night
For tutors and test-takers
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Why introductory chemistry is boring: a long-term historical perspective
Posted byTrevor Klee	 December 27, 2019 December 28, 2019 3 Comments on Why introductory chemistry is boring: a long-term historical perspective
Looking for flashcards for chemistry? Try 21st Night! It allows you to create and share flashcards with anything on them: images, videos, equations, you name it. Plus, there's a built-in to-do list!
We are better at chemistry now than at any other point in history. In 50 years, we will almost certainly be better at chemistry than we are now.
This statement above is one of the central dogmas of not only chemistry, but of science. In fact, it's so central that it probably just seems factual. Of course we're better now, right? We have the benefit of history!
It's easy to forget or not realize how controversial this statement would have been even 400 years ago, though. Scholars then were raised in a culture that worshipped the achievements of their intellectual ancestors. Claiming that you knew more than Aristotle about science was equivalent to claiming you knew more than Paul about Christianity. I mean this literally. One of the reasons Galileo was famously imprisoned wasn't simply for disagreeing with the church, but disagreeing with the words of the "Philosopher", Aristotle. Aristotle, if you're unfamiliar, lived approximately 2000 years before Galileo.
I am glad that we no longer live in that era. That was a worse time for science and a worse time for humanity. On a moral level, I abhor the idea that intellectual opinions can be censured by imprisonment or death. On an intellectual level, I think an obsession with the achievements of the past necessarily inhibits recognizing advancements in the present, and leads to stagnation.
But the pendulum has swung too far the other way. Specifically, I think the "obviousness" of the inevitability of scientific progress, even though it's well-founded, tends to cloak that the progress of the associated scientific culture is by no means inevitable. For instance, there have been some recent great essays arguing that our research culture has regressed, at least judging by the number of people involved versus our rate of scientific advancements.
What I'd like to argue in this essay is that, similarly, the obviousness of progress in chemistry has masked the regression of the associated culture of teaching chemistry, especially general chemistry.
It's regressed in the sense that students today come out of general chemistry with a mistaken view of what chemistry is, and lacking in practical chemistry skills. In the past, students have come out of general chemistry with a better idea of the principles of chemistry, and with greater practical skills.
A big reason as to why today's students are mistaken in their view of chemistry can be seen in the texts we use. In modern chemistry textbooks, very few portions are justified by empirical evidence. They are justified by principles and deduction, and occasionally illustrated by real-world examples. But, it is incredibly rare to see citations from the original laboratory work that proved the theories.
Meanwhile, the practical side of chemistry (as well as the emphasis of the importance of it) gets let down by the hands-on portion of chemistry, laboratory work. Laboratory work is meant to be training in empiricism. However, this empiricism is only in theory. The laboratory work of introductory chemistry is closer to a cookbook than an experiment. Students are given incredibly precise instructions and told to find a certain result. If they fail to find the result, they are made to redo the "experiment".
The textbook and laboratory work combined leave a general chemistry student today with two takeaway impressions:
1. Chemistry is a monumental edifice of theory and deduction, disconnected to empirical evidence.
2. When empirical evidence does conflict with chemical theory, the evidence must change.
These takeaway impressions are regressive. These would be the explicit lessons of Aristotelian chemistry, which distrusted experimentation except as illustration. When the ancient Greeks discussed chemistry in terms of the four elements of fire, air, water, and earth, they would illustrate the similarity of fire and air by discussing candles. However, it was literally anathema to the Greeks to disprove the theory of the elements by experiment.
So, if chemistry teaching has regressed, then we need to return it to its former glory by progressing it again, right?
Before our current shoddy state, chemistry teaching was much better at impressing upon students the empirical basis of chemistry. Even more importantly, they impressed upon students the importance of doing chemistry, rather than simply learning it and keeping your lecture notes in a notebook on a shelf. That is the standard of teaching I'd like to go back to, which I'll explore more later on in this essay.
Before I get there, though, I want to explore how we've gotten to where we are, starting from the beginning of chemistry teaching. It would behoove us to be mindful of our history, especially as we've already started to repeat it.
But before even that, I wanted to get a few things out of the way.
First of all, my qualifications: I took chemistry in high school and college, both general and geochemistry (I was a geosciences major). I found general chemistry very boring, geochemistry less so. Since college, I've worked as a philosophy teacher and own a test-prep business. While I'm not the most qualified to discuss chemistry, I am very qualified to discuss education, and would like to frame this essay as such.
Second, I wanted to define chemistry as the science of chemicals, and the teaching of chemistry as teaching what to do with chemicals. The early years of chemistry had a lot of overlap with philosophy, and more recently chemistry has had a lot of overlap with physics. I'd rather not discuss those right now, so my historical tour is limited to chemicals only.
Finally, it can be a bit tough to get information on what the live teaching of chemistry was like (there weren't reporters), so I have to rely a lot on textbooks and surviving notes.
With that in mind, I'd like to go back to the first chemistry textbook, and the first hints of tension between students learning chemistry as a theory vs. students learning chemistry as an empirical science. It was when the teaching of chemistry was still in progress…
The first chemistry textbook was, well, a weird one. 500 years ago, chemistry wasn't a subject. Really, there weren't many distinct subjects at all, as most things science-like were subsumed under broad category "natural philosophy".
This wasn't just a nomenclature thing. Because so many subjects were under one umbrella, the techniques and even boundaries of chemistry were shared with a bunch of other subjects. So, we are forced to rely on the definition of chemistry mentioned previously, and define the first chemistry textbook as "the first book that systematically discussed and taught how to use chemicals".
Using that definition, we find ourselves in the mid 1500s in Bavaria with Georgius Agricola's De re metallica.
For those of you who are familiar with Latin, you might already see the problem. The title of the book translates to "On the Nature of Metals", and it was mostly about the operation of mines. This included political instruction, like "Don't start mines in authoritarian states", and practical engineering details, like how to make sure your mineshafts don't collapse.
Crucially for chemistry, though, it also included how to get your ores out of your minerals. Whenever a mineral is mined, it doesn't come in a pure form. It almost always comes in the form of a weird rock.
So, how do you get usable minerals out of a weird rock? With chemistry! Or, as Agricola would put it, the manufacture and use of "juices", like alum (a salt), "vitriol" (sulfuric acid), and sulfur.
Agricola, in his instructional work on mining, therefore also taught chemistry. He didn't teach chemistry in any traditional way. He was really just a reporter. He reported what the miners did (and included diagrams), without explanation or theory. He didn't even use units. He would just say things like "leave vitriolous stones out in summer and winter" until they "get soft".
From a section on how to make sulfuric acid, or "vitriol". Note how the instructions are very general, and are almost certainly repeated directly from the miners that Agricola consulted.
But it is precisely this approach to teaching chemistry that made Agricola a seminal figure in the teaching of chemistry. Before Agricola, chemistry (or, to be precise, the parts of natural philosophy that dealt with chemicals) was entirely theoretical. Evidence had zero impact on theory, and theory was deductive and based on intuition and first principles.
That's why Aristotle's chemistry was based on the four elements of air, fire, water, and earth. It made sense to him, and then he could create all sorts of fun diagrams. Then students were taught to memorize them, and replicate them using deduction. By the time we got to chemical "equations" like dry + hot = fire, we've created an entire theory which doesn't help us understand the actual reactions at all.
This is literally what Aristotelian chemical diagrams looked like, although this is prettier than most. They were useless. From learner.org.
Agricola just ignored all of it, despite the fact that it was considered the foremost science of his time and something he almost certainly learned. There is nothing in Aristotle's chemistry that could explain why the miners' processes to create sulfuric acid worked. Any attempt to use Aristotle's theory to do so would just be misleading.
So, if we think about what chemistry students would take away from this work, we can say their takeaway would be something like "In order to make use of chemicals, you have to follow a process that is known to work."
It's not a great foundation to science, but it's a start. It's a place to build from, and, more importantly, puts the use of chemicals at the forefront of chemistry. But it's a long ways away from good chemistry teaching.
On a side note, I read De re metallica in an English translation, translated by none other than Herbert Hoover (former President of the US and mining engineer) and his wife. Hoover was an absolutely fascinating and incredibly impressive person, and it is really a pity that he screwed up handling the Great Depression so bad as President.
The next big innovation in chemistry teaching came from an unlikely source: yet more theorists. This time, not the Aristotelians, but the alchemists. Yes, those alchemists, of eternal life and transmutation into gold renown.
Alchemy had been around for a while, but, by the 1500s, it was the rage among intellectuals. Even Newton was obsessed with it. Now, the theoretical foundations of alchemy were total nonsense, much like the theoretical foundations of Aristotelian science. For example, Paracelsus, one of the founding fathers of Renaissance alchemy, believed that all diseases came from sulfur, salt, and mercury, which he "proved" by burning wood. It's hard to imagine being more wrong, no?
But the alchemists, despite their foundations being flawed, did have a distinct advantage over the Aristotelians in both their chemistry and chemistry teaching. The alchemists were meticulous experimentalists, precise and excellent at record-keeping. That meticulousness and desire to repeat experiments is exactly why they were responsible for the next big innovation in chemistry teaching. They just needed to be bold enough to throw out theory entirely.
That is precisely what Jean Beguin, a French alchemist, did. In 1610, he published a chemistry textbook that represented the best of the alchemists, called the Tyrocinium Chymicum, or "tournament of chemicals". It was a guide to manufacturing pharmaceuticals (there was a lot of overlap between medicine and alchemy, as the Paracelsus example shows), and it was a big step forwards in that it was the first chemistry textbook to actually use units (hurray!).
Well, Beguin didn't exactly publish his textbook. He actually shared it privately with his students. Then it was pirated, became incredibly popular, and Beguin improved and republished it under the idea that, if it was going to be popular, it might as well be good. This does raise the alternative topic of the connection between piracy and improved scientific education, but that can be tabled for now.
Tyrocinium Chymicum represented the best of the alchemists because it is bold. It takes the experimentation of the alchemists and throws out the rest.
At this time, this was not an easy thing to do. Beguin emphasizes in his preface that he has nothing but respect for alchemy, and for Galen, Hippocrates, and the whole Greek tradition of science. He also emphasizes that, because it's obvious he respects the whole tradition, he requests that other alchemists stop getting so upset with him. The subtext, of course, is that he would really appreciate especially if they wouldn't somehow get the church involved, as he didn't wish to be Galileo-d.
After emphasizing his respect for alchemy and the Greek tradition in his preface, Beguin proceeds to not discuss it for the rest of the book. The entire rest of the book is just incredibly detailed cataloguing of how to produce various pharmaceuticals. And, unlike Agricola, Beguin's alchemical background let him be very, very detailed. In Tyrocinium, there are never any descriptions like "put rocks in a ditch and wait". There are weights, instruments, and a lot of precise cataloguing of inputs and outputs.
An excerpt from Tyrocinium. Unfortunately, I could only find it in the original Latin. Even Google Translate has trouble, but you can pick out terms like "destillatio" (distilled), "alembici" (alembic), etc. This looks a lot more like chemistry instructions, no? From archive.org.
The fact that Beguin was willing to throw out theory meant that this was actually a very effective way to teach how to use chemicals. For example, Beguin had no idea why soaking oak and filtering it produced a liquid that could dissolve pearls. That would require him knowing what tannic acid was, and then understanding how it related to pearls (calcium carbonate). If he tried to understand it using alchemical theory, he'd get confused.
But, he didn't understand it, and he didn't really care why he didn't. He just described it. Exhaustively. In minute detail. Making sure not to forget literally any step even if he had no idea if it was important.
He does, unfortunately, prescribe literally everything he creates for some ailment or another. So, for instance, he prescribes putting ammonium hydrosulfide directly into open wounds (pg 28), which, if you're unfamiliar, is the active ingredient in stink bombs. He was a better chemist than physician.
Tyrocinium Chymicum is not a fun read, even when you compare it to other alchemy books. But it's an incredibly important text in chemistry. It is a book by someone who experimented excessively with chemicals, laboriously detailed everything he found, and then instructed others so they could do the same, even under fear of censure/imprisonment/death. It also contains the glimpse of chemical equations in his excessive cataloguing, the first big step in useful chemical theory.
The equation for stibnite as found in Tyrocinium, translated and simplified by Patterson, a chemical historian in 1937. From sci-hub, page 45.
So, if we think back to the idea of takeaways by chemistry students, we might get something from Tyrocinium like, "Chemistry is about following steps meticulously, using the proper instruments, and exhaustively recording inputs and outputs". Funnily enough, this isn't so different from our chemistry labs today.
So, we're at the 1600s, and we've already reached the state of laboratory work today in general chemistry. If that's how far we've regressed, then it is worthwhile to see what we've given up.
Human beings are natural categorizers, and we're good at it. It's easy to mistake that with being good at science. Aristotle certainly did, categorizing elements as "hot" or "vaporous", fooling himself and much of the Western world (up to the mid 1600s!) into not noticing that the categories said more about man's perception than the elements themselves.
By the mid 1700s, categorization had come roaring back into chemistry teaching. This time, at least, it was backed up by the rigorous experimentation exemplified by Beguin. Unfortunately, it still came with the baggage of theory, although it fortunately no longer got in the way of experimentation quite so much. For instance, it was much more unlikely that you'd get thrown in jail for your experimental findings disagreeing with theory.
The year was 1766, and our hero Joseph Black, a brilliant scholar and professor in the midst of the Scottish Enlightenment. The Scottish Enlightenment, if you're unfamiliar, was one of those strange moments in time when all of the world's most influential thinkers were, for some reason, in one place. In this case, it was Edinburgh.
While we don't have any textbooks from that time, we do have copies of lecture notes that people took in Black's classes. Black was very popular as a lecturer, and people would actually attend just for fun. A big part of this was his innovative use of flashy experiments to illustrate his points.
This is more important than it seems. Black's lectures, by focusing around experiments, made it clear to the students that chemistry, in the end, was about describing reality. The lectures helped make sense of what the demonstrations showed. Students imbibed the importance of empirical evidence.
Another big innovation of Black's time (if not Black himself) was, as previously mentioned, useful categorization. Agricola and Beguin threw out the categorization of Aristotle and Paracelsus (despite Beguin's protests to the contrary) because they simply did not correspond to reality. It's one thing to say burning wood shows the unification of sulfur, mercury, and salt, but if you're actually an experimentalist, you know that's dumb. However, once they threw it out, they didn't have anything to replace it with.
Black and his brethren, along with further developing the rudimentary chemical equations originated by Beguin, developed a new type of categorization: affinity tables. They knew certain elements ended up bonded with other elements. They didn't really know why, or have a good way of predicting future bonds besides noticing obvious similarities between elements.
So, that's what they did. They grouped elements by similarities, and created tables of which elements bonded with which other elements. As a teaching tool, this was handy, in a sort of similar way to memorizing the periodic table of elements.
This is an example of one way that Joseph Black discussed "affinities", by creating delibrately general chemical equations for his students to learn. In this, he shows how an acid solution of metallic salt (the left circle) would result in a solution of an alkali plus "mephitic air", or CO2. A modern equation would be something like CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq). From Crosland, a chemical historian in 1959, page 13.
Meanwhile, a more general affinity table would look like this, although this one is French. Everything on the top can react with everything below it. So, on the left, an acid can react with a "fixed alkali salt", a "volatile alkali salt", an "absorbant earth", and a "metallic substance". From Geoffroy, a French chemist, in 1718.
As mentioned, though, this came with the burden of theory. Students learned that bonding was due to an invisible force called "affinity" (hence, affinity table). One can only assume that students who learned this and scholars who studied affinity theoretically massively wasted their time. Oh, well.
So, here's what the students of Black would take away from his classes:
1) Chemistry is an interesting, useful subject founded upon experimentation.
2) Theory is a useful tool for a chemist when it's grounded in experimental results.
This is getting closer to what a chemistry student should believe, and better than the impressions a student would get from general chemistry today. However, what we're still missing is a sense of all of the uses of theory (although Black himself wasn't aware of them), as well as the connection of theory not just to usefulness but to reality.
After the 1700s, chemistry was set on a clear trajectory. An openness to scientific inquiry and state sponsorship meant that the inevitability of scientific progress was basically set at this point. Meanwhile, this steady march of improved understanding led to an appreciation for scientific knowledge in general, and a great atmosphere for scientific learning.
Here's where I say something controversial.
The atmosphere was so great, in fact, that the teaching of general chemistry actually reached its peak in the mid 1800s. The mid 1800s marks our point of regression.
Gasp!
The mid 1800s were a unique point in chemistry. The usefulness of chemistry had exploded. Chemical industries were in full swing. The universities incorporated chemical labs. In Europe, the state sponsored research and development, while in America, the state sponsored intellectual piracy of European research and development.
Chemical theory, meanwhile, had actually become really useful! In Germany, Augustus Kekulé discovered and popularized the use of diagrams for organic chemistry. Simultaneously, the careful experimentation of laboratory scientists meant that categorizing chemicals could actually be done in a systematic way (like by weight of each element in a given chemical). Eventually, by the mid-late 1800s (1869, to be precise), the ultimate chemical categorization tool arrived: the periodic table.
Now, what's interesting is that a lot of what we consider "fundamental" to chemistry was still not on the table (pun intended). Gilbert Lewis introduced the idea of electron pairs only in 1916. In fact, the electron wasn't even discovered until 1897, and the nucleus in 1909. We're still 50 years out from all of that.
So what did that mean for chemistry students? Well, it meant that their chemistry instruction was incredibly practical. Theory wasn't developed enough to be learned solely on its own, so it was taught to supplement the laboratory work. Germany especially was a paragon of practical chemical learning with its massive research laboratories. The "Giessen method" of teaching was developed during this time by Justus von Liebig, one of the foremost chemists of his day. It involved massive amounts of laboratory work, hands-on training in what chemists actually do.
From Augustus Kekulé's organic chemistry textbook, Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie, oder, der Chemie der Kohlenstoffverbindungen. Actual chemical equations! Helpful diagrams! Chemical theory based on experiments and also reality! It's a miracle!
Crucially, this wasn't just cookbook laboratory work, like we do today. These were legitimate experiments, closely tied to the active research von Liebig was carrying out at the time. The assignments would give instructions as to the goal, but only vague instructions on how to carry it out.
The final exam for the end of a student's chemistry education was the so-called 100 bottle challenge, where a student had to analyze 100 bottles of unknown compounds for their constituents. The reward once you're done? Well, join von Liebig's lab as an assistant, of course!
As you can tell, every piece of a student's chemistry education under the Giessen method was to prepare you to go out in the world and do chemistry. Students were in the lab from the beginning, learning theory and performing experiments that actually helped them do chemistry.
That's why I say this is the best time for chemistry teaching. Here's what a chemistry student's takeaways would be:
1) Practical methods on how to do chemistry as taught by someone who was at the forefront of research chemistry.
2) Specific theories, as well as how to apply them, why they're useful, and the empirical evidence supporting them
In this era and place, general chemistry students were taught to the greatest extent possible to be chemists. That, to my mind, is the greatest possible way to teach chemistry: not as something to learn, but as something to do.
If the Giessen method was indeed the peak of chemistry teaching, then it's all downhill from there (as peaks tend to operate). That's unfortunate, because next up on our historical tour of chemistry teaching is Linus Pauling.
I really shouldn't throw Linus Pauling under the bus. The man was incredibly brilliant, and an absolute font of ideas, some Nobel Prize winning and only a few that can be described as stupid (e.g. using Vitamin C to cure AIDS). And his approach to teaching chemistry, especially general chemistry, was pretty clever.
Pauling, somewhat similarly to Joseph Black, saw introductory chemistry as serving two functions: introducing chemistry and making people interested in it. So, that's how he set up his teaching and his textbook.
The Table of Contents for Linus Pauling's General Chemistry, 1947. Notice how chapters 1-10 introduce chemistry in more or less the way we would today, while Chapter 11 veers off to discuss Chromium as an interesting example of a transition metal.
When it came to introducing chemistry, Pauling took the approach of building up chemistry logically, like the textbooks of today, by starting with atoms and working his way up to chemical bonding. However, unlike the textbooks of today, he still included the empirical evidence that supported the fundamental assertions.
For instance, when introducing the periodic table, Pauling puts it in, explains it, and then briefly talks about the experimental evidence that confirmed it. He doesn't simply cite facts referenced in the book (like similarities of alkali metals, as a modern chemistry textbook would do), but references the actual experiments done and includes their results.
It's when dealing with what makes people interested in chemistry, though, that Pauling's love for science really shines through and makes an impact on his students. He obviously loves collecting interesting and illustrative reactions and properties. It's clear that he isn't just familiar with chemistry as an academic subject, either, as he weaves in the use of chemicals in engineering as well.
This short paragraph introducing chlorine is the perfect example of how Linus Pauling's love for chemistry shines through. He introduces the name, how it was discovered, and how it's manufactured. He actually proceeds to discuss it further in the next couple paragraphs, too.
Where does his teaching fall short, though? Well, exactly where Justus von Liebig's work shined: as an example of how to do chemistry. The practice problems in the book are abysmal, rote, and seem to mostly exist to fill space. They are problems that in no way are natural ones to come up, or to trigger deeper thought from the students.
Just looking at these practice problems from the chapter on Chemical Equilibrium is giving me flashbacks to my days in Gen Chem.
So, then, what would the takeaways be from Linus Pauling's course as a student?
1) Chemistry is logical, interesting, and based on empirical evidence
2) The empirical evidence that chemistry is based on is beyond the ability of introductory chem students to repeat
In 100 years, this was the shift. Chemistry, as something that one did, was relegated to more advanced courses. You would no longer be able to do chemistry by taking an intro course alone.
The regress, then, would come in disregarding the empirical evidence entirely, and transforming chemistry entirely into something that one learned, rather than did.
This brings us to the present day, the year of our lord, 2020.
As mentioned, I took high school chemistry and 2 semesters of college chemistry. I don't remember what textbook I used for my course, but it was much like this free online textbook, Chemistry 2e, for both my high school and college classes.
With this textbook, we've moved completely away from chemistry as something to do to chemistry as something to learn. The book is illustrated with plenty of examples, sure, but not of actual experiments that any real scientist did to prove or explore concepts. These are examples that literally only exist within the bounds of a chemistry textbook, the sort that use color changes with easy chemical formulae.
The table of contents is literally all theory. There is nothing put in here because the authors found it interesting, or wanted students to know how chemistry is used in the real world.
This is how the book uses real-world examples. There are so many choices of real examples to use when discussing acids, including the sorts of problems that drove men like Agricola and Beguin to start chemistry in the first place. But instead, we discuss acid raid in the context of trees and statues. It's not even necessary to understand chemistry for this example! No chemist has ever been inspired to learn more by the example of acid raid, so why use it as an illustration?
It's sterile chemistry. It's the equivalent of teaching kids scales before they learn to play a song, or insisting that kids learn grammar before teaching them how to write. It's chemistry as rote and rules, with no joy to exploration.
What's frustrating about this is that it isn't wrong, and that's what its proponents hide behind. This is a way to teach students chemistry so that they learn the right things. They learn an introduction to everything in order, and learn the right facts to make sense of it all.
But, at the end of it, there's nothing to take away. There's certainly nothing that a chemistry student can do with this knowledge. It's as useless as the dates he learned in history class or the declensions he learned in Latin. It's another thing that will simply molder away in a notebook until it's thrown out.
It doesn't have to be this way. In fact, it wasn't supposed to be this way. While researching for this essay, I stumbled across the CHEM project, which was a project in the 1960s to modernize the teaching of high school chemistry. While it's not perfect, its emphasis on teaching chemistry that is grounded in the sort of experiments that high schoolers can do is an improvement.
Unfortunately, from what I can tell, it never got much traction. A follow up survey in the 70s found only 20% of high schools using the curriculum, and I'm not sure if any do now.
So, the takeaways, then, for a modern college chemistry student is this:
1) Chemistry is logical.
2) The empirical evidence for chemistry is unimportant.
3) The applications of chemistry are for changing the colors of solutions, and for describing things that are already kind of obvious.
4) Chemistry experiments are about repeating a process until you get to a specified endpoint
Students walk out of modern general chemistry classes finding chemistry neither interesting nor understanding its use. These classes are a process repeated over and over again, in college and high school classrooms around the world, with no clear goal or even metrics. They are closer to rituals than anything else.
As I've hopefully shown, this is a relatively recent phenomenon. Before the past 100 years or so, theory wasn't developed enough to dominate any class, never mind general chemistry. As a result, classes could be far more practical, not only engaging the student but teaching them chemistry as something useful.
If nothing else, I hope we can think about going back to that time. Chemistry teaching should be held to as high of standards as chemistry itself, and not left simply to wither.
Posted byTrevor Klee December 27, 2019 December 28, 2019 Posted inUncategorized
Using spaced repetition flashcards to learn pretty much anything
Lessons in modern marketing from the original Mad Men
Syntarsus says:
What a wonderful essay. I've often thought that the way we teach science in school is so at odds with how science is actually done that it's amazing any scientific progress has been made at all.
The point you make about acid rain was the key inflection point for me. Science is, if nothing else, a labour of love. By instructing students in this way, teachers are inflicting a learned helplessness on their classes that says "I don't know how to do this yet" instead of teaching them to think "that's interesting, I wonder how it works?" You earned yourself a reader, I look forward to future pieces.
Sam Smith says:
Good essay, thanks. As an aside, the apparently useless work of the alchemists may in fact not be completely useless. You said in the essay that *"the categories said more about man's perception than the elements themselves."*. Jung also observed this and he thought the alchemical writings were useful insight into peoples imagination, which he then mined for information. So perhaps it was bad chemistry but useful for psychology.
Brandon Hendrickson says:
Thank you — you've helped me understand why I always found chemistry boring in high school (and, because of that, avoided it in college)!
If I, too, can step in to defend the alchemists (and how did these comments become a hotbed of alchemy apologetics?!), Larry Gonick (in *The Cartoon Guide to Chemistry*) suggests that the alchemists developed the nuanced practical skills (of e.g. measuring, heating, mixing…) that provided the basis for modern chemistry.
(A fun history-of-chemistry side note: Gonick also suggests that what held the alchemists from a major breakthrough was a lack of rubber stoppers! When they could stop solutions from invisibly evaporating, they could figure out that mass was conserved through chemical reactions.)
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Imran Hasnee's just launched book 'OUT OF MY BODY' becomes a bestseller
Indian actor Imran Hasnee, who has worked in French, Hollywood and Hindi movies, apart from being a film director and painter, revealed his creative side that of an author with the launch of his book OUT OF MY BODY (A paranormal thriller).
Riding high on the successful launch of his book international actor Imran Hasnee addressed the media persons about his recently launched book.
Revealing about the book, Imran Hasnee said, "This book is a paranormal thriller. The general perception is that Horror is Paranormal but paranormal is not always horror. It's a misconception of considering both as same. 'Out of My Body' is a paranormal thriller that is inter-twined in several layers and is a passionate love story. This book is not a horror novel, but a paranormal one."
Replying to a query from a media person about the reason for choosing the paranormal as his subject of the book, Imran said, "The horror genre is undoubtedly one of the most paradoxical and contradictory literary forms, yet it has endured over several centuries. In horror, novels are way scarier than movies. In movies, you see what they are showing you, but in a book, it is left to the imagination of the reader. Here what you are going to read in this book is not horror. It's paranormal and is something that is beyond the realms of reality, which lacks a scientific explanation. There are thousands of different explanations for the word 'Paranormal'.
Speaking further, Hasnee said that the most special thing about this book is it is his first published book, though 'Out of My Body' is a fictional story, but, there are many incidents and events and the paranormal world's ethics, and rules that in his personal experience are real and authentic, which we can call as the laws of the spirit world.
Answering other question about after-life, ghosts, etc, he said that it is a big debatable topic as there are people with paranormal experiences, which often lead people to believe that there is life after death. And, you'd be surprised how many people have had them. It's nothing new. Near-death experiences, visits from deceased loved ones, talking to the dead, seeing a ghost, or deathbed visions are commonplace; however, it's all debatable without no 100% proof. He felt that nobody would want to be ridiculed or labeled 'mentally unfit'.
Emphasizing that being an open-minded skeptic is healthy, we believe it or not and yet keenly want to know, what will happen to me when one feels 'I am Out of My Body' he revealed about his passion for writing novels, yet mentioned that he is more busy with finishing upcoming films that will be announced very soon.
'OUT OF MY BODY' by Imran Hasnee is available at all platforms – eBook, Kindle, Apple Books, Kobo, Amazon, and Flipkart in India and internationally.
Stand-up Comedian Turned Entrepreneur Providing Employment And Promoting Indian Culture By Restoring Mudhouses And Twist The Lifestyle History Of The Indian Way Of Traveling
October 29, 2022 Vansh Sharma
October 29: The old-fashioned lifestyle, ideas and architecture are beneficial to nature and man. Realizing this, a young man with a fertile mind has taken the raft to restore Indian culture to its lost prestige and sanctity. Kunal Singh Rana hails from Jhansi city. Decided to move to Delhi NCR in the year 2014 to […]
IoT platform ThingsUp raised INR 4.8 crore from Udyat Ventures and others to focus on the EV mobility market
The Thingsup Team India, December 19: Pune-based Thingsup raised a seed round of USD 600k (INR 4.8 Cr) to fuel sales, operations, and product development. Udyat Ventures has led the round, which also sees participation from Silverneedle Ventures, Lead Angels, and GSF Accelerator (an existing investor). Started two years ago by Akshay J. Ghadage and Pranav […]
Blue Tribe launches its latest new ad campaign starring Anushka Sharma and Virat Kohli
January 16, 2023 Vansh Sharma
The campaign aims to advocate sustainable eating habits among people and will be aired on digital media platforms Mumbai (Maharashtra) [India], January 16: Blue Tribe, the homegrown plant-based meat brand, launches its new ad campaign, 'You can't tell the difference, but the planet can' starring Virat Kohli and Anushka Sharma, who have been the brand's […]
Prosple releases a list of Top 100 fresher employers in India
Sourav Vij launches a new pet parenting platform, Petscoob


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There are two River Winterbornes in Dorset, England.

The rivers only flow overground during the winter, hence the name. They both flow through a number of villages with a first name of "Winterborne" or "Winterbourne".

The North Winterborne flows through the following villages in Dorset from its source to the point where it joins the River Stour:

 Winterborne Houghton
 Winterborne Stickland
 Winterborne Clenston
 Winterborne Whitechurch
 Winterborne Kingston
 Winterborne Muston
 Anderson
 Winterborne Tomson
 Winterborne Zelston
 Almer
 Sturminster Marshall

The river flows at first southwards and then eastwards.

The South Winterborne flows through the following places in Dorset from its source to the point where it joins the River Frome.

 Winterbourne Abbas
 Winterbourne Steepleton
 Winterborne St Martin
 Winterborne Monkton
 Winterborne Herringston
 Winterborne Came

See also
 Winterbourne (stream)

References

Winterborne
1Winterbourne


Established in February 2014, Bella Donna Boutique is one of Doncasters premier fashion houses specialising in outfits for your prom or pageant, and formal outfits for your special occasions. We stock a range of beautiful designs, handpicked by our team to ensure we stock only the best quality available for you to choose from. We are stockists for a range of designers including JVN, Jovani, Mac Duggal, Dynasty, Ellie Wilde from Mon Cheri and more.
Located in Bennetthorpe close to the Earl of Doncaster and Regeant Hotels we can offer you a relaxed appointment away from the hustle and bustle of the town centre. If you are looking for that special outfit for your prom, looking for a winning outfit for a pageant, have a party or special occasion to attend, or visiting Doncaster to attend the races, we are ideally positioned with a range of beautiful outfits to make you feel special.
We offer a one-to-one consultancy service to ensure you find the ideal outfit for your occasion. You are very welcome to drop in to see us to browse through our ranges of beautiful outfits, although we may not be able to allow you to try them on at that time as those with appointments take priority. You can check out the details of our opening times and our telephone number on our contact page, we then ask if you will call us to arrange an appointment to avoid disappointment.
If you are looking for that prom outfit to wow your friends then the worst thing is to arrive at your prom wearing the same outfit as someone else. We keep a register of all the styles that we supply to each of the various proms to ensure that we only supply one of each design to each prom.


Julie Oberin and Margaret Augerinos from the WESNET National Committee travelled to New York in February/March 2010 to participate in the Global Network of Women's Shelters Meeting. They were part of the GNWS presentation to the UN Committee for the Status of Women. This is a copy of the Australian presentation.
Sep 2009 Homelessness and Violence against Women in Australia. Will "The Plan" work?
Aug 2004 Women's Refuges, Shelters, Outreach & Support Services in Australia : from Sydney squat to complex services challenging domestic & family violence by Wendy Weeks and Julie Oberin.
This report, funded under the former Partnerships Against Domestic Violence (PADV) Program as part of project examining accommodation and outreach options for women, provides an assessment of the progress that has been made in expanding accommodation and support options available to women experiencing, or escaping, domestic violence and what options or directions might be pursued in the future.
The WESNET Committee has made it a priority to respond to the issue of perpetrator programs. This is an issue which for ten years now has been of great interest and concern to women's services, and which has seen a real growth in programs and policies. In 1996 the National Forum on Domestic Violence hosted by the Commonwealth Office of the Status of Women made a series of recommendations regarding perpetrator programs. It is timely that women's services nationally make some comment.
WESNET has an ethical sponsorship policy to ensure that sponsorship received by WESNET is ethical. We will only accept funding from organisations that promote and practise a work environment that is free from sexism, racism, homophobia or any other form of employee oppression.


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F45 Training Announces Strategic Acquisition of Vive Active
November 08, 2021 at 09:01 AM EST
- Adds a disruptive and innovative fitness brand in the Pilates category to the F45 fitness portfolio
- F45 has secured a multi-unit franchise commitment to accelerate Vive's growth
- Acquires at-home streaming and on-demand platform
F45 Training Holdings Inc. ("F45" or the "Company") (NYSE:FXLV), the fastest growing fitness franchisor in the world according to Entrepreneur, announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Vive Active ("Vive"). Introduced in 2017 in Sydney, Australia, Vive is a high-growth, profitable Australian fitness company that offers reformer and mat Pilates workouts through in-studio, at-home streaming and on-demand classes. Vive was founded with the mission to disrupt the traditional Pilates category by offering a new, innovative approach to Pilates that aims to transform both bodies and minds.
The acquisition, which will be funded with cash on hand and is expected to close during the fourth quarter of this year, will result in F45's ownership of Vive's existing company-owned studios and Vive's innovative at-home platform, Vive Stream. Following the acquisition, F45 intends to scale Vive by selectively adding new company-owned studios in key markets, as well as by leveraging F45's franchising expertise to accelerate the expansion of Vive in the United States and internationally. F45 has already received a multi-unit commitment from an existing franchise development group to expand the business in the United States. Vive's management team will continue to play a crucial role in this expansion strategy and will provide F45 with significant expertise in operating company-owned studios.
"We are thrilled to announce our first acquisition in purchasing Vive Active, a disruptive, innovative fitness brand that is truly complementary to the F45 portfolio," said Adam J. Gilchrist, President, CEO and Chairman of F45. "As the fastest growing global fitness franchisor, it is our mission to make it easy for entrepreneurs and investors to follow their passion to start and run successful fitness studio businesses. Our investment in Vive, which leverages our strong balance sheet, demonstrates our commitment to identifying compelling opportunities to drive strong continued growth in our footprint and offerings globally."
"We couldn't be more excited to be partnering with F45," said John Keats, co-Founder and CEO of Vive Active. "As Vive prepares for its next phase of growth, I am confident that F45 is the ideal partner as we seek to introduce Vive's unique approach to Pilates to new operators and fitness enthusiasts around the world."
About F45
F45 offers consumers functional 45-minute workouts that are effective, fun and community-driven. F45 utilizes proprietary technologies: a fitness programming algorithm and a patented technology-enabled delivery platform that leverages a rich content database of over 3,900 unique functional training movements to offer new workouts each day and provide a standardized experience across the Company's global footprint. For more information www.f45training.com
ICR, Inc.
F45PR@icrinc.com


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Sudan: UN expert urges protection of unarmed civilians after new escalation of violence in Darfur
GENEVA (5 February 2016) – The United Nations Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Sudan, Aristide Nononsi, today called for an immediate end to hostilities that have triggered new protection and humanitarian concerns in Darfur. He warned that, in the last two weeks, tens of thousands of civilians have been forced to flee their homes in the Jebel Marra area of Darfur after a new escalation of violence.
"Violence is certainly not the way to resolve the current difficulties Sudan is facing, and must stop, now," Mr. Nononsi stressed urging all parties to the conflict to respect international human rights and international humanitarian law and to ensure humanitarian access to people in need at all times, and protect unarmed civilians.
"The Government of Sudan has a duty to facilitate free, full and unhindered access to all conflict-affected areas to UNAMID (UN-African Union Mission in Darfur), UN agencies and other humanitarian organizations," he noted.
The ongoing hostilities between Government forces and the Sudan Liberation Army/Abdul Wahid have reportedly resulted in human rights violations and abuses as well as violations of international humanitarian law, including destruction of civilian property and objects as well as considerable displacement of civilians, in addition to unspecified number of civilian casualties.
According to UNAMID, up to 21,338 civilians, mainly women and children, have fled into North Darfur State and have sought refuge around their camp by 1st February. About 15,000 others have fled into Central Darfur State, according to the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Sudan.
The number of internally displaced persons following the attacks on Mouli and surrounding villages in west Darfur is estimated at 5,000 civilians, according to the Humanitarian Aid Commission of the Sudanese Government. These civilians have mostly fled to El Geneina, while the number of civilians who sought refuge in Chad remains unknown.
"I call on the Government of Sudan to create the conditions for an inclusive dialogue and ensure the participation of all armed opposition groups to advance peace and reconciliation in the country," the UN Independent Expert stated.
Mr. Aristide Nononsi (Benin) was designated as the new Independent Expert on the human rights situation in Sudan by the UN Human Rights Council in 2014. His mandate has been extended for an additional year in September 2015. Mr. Nononsi has a doctorate in law and is a specialist in international law, human rights and development, with extensive experience in international and African organizations. Mr. Nononsi was executive director of the Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA), and worked for the Centre for Development Area Studies at Mc Gill University, the African Development Bank and the International Labour Organization.
Check all the reports on Sudan by the previous UN Independent Experts: http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?m=172
The Independent Experts are part of what is known as the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council. Special Procedures, the largest body of independent experts in the UN Human Rights system, is the general name of the independent fact-finding and monitoring mechanisms of the Human Rights Council that address either specific country situations or thematic issues in all parts of the world. Special Procedures experts work on a voluntary basis; they are not UN staff and do not receive a salary for their work. They are independent from any government or organization and serve in their individual capacity.
UN Human Rights, Country Page – Sudan: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/SDIndex.aspx
For more information and media requests, please conteact Mr. Dieudonne Munyinga (+41 22 928 9231 / dmunyinga@ohchr.org) or write to iesudan@ohchr.org
Xabier Celaya, UN Human Rights – Media Unit (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org)
For your news websites and social media: Multimedia content & key messages relating to our news releases are available on UN Human Rights social media channels, listed below. Please tag us using the proper handles:
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thePlenty.net Forums › Robin Hobb and Megan Lindholm › Upcoming books & other RH news
[from news] Reindeer People + Wolf's Brother available again
Mellow the Minstrel
Apr-28-2011, 08:39 AM (UTC)
Reindeer People + Wolf's Brother available again
UK reprints of a classic Megan Lindholm tale, the two-part The Reindeer People / Wolf's Brother, were officially published today - although some early copies were already available in Supanova earlier this month.
You can buy copies form amazon.co.uk or the BookDepository (TRP, WB). The new cover art for these reprints was done by Jackie Morris.
https://www.theplenty.net/index.php?id=389
Albertosaurus Rex
888 Posts:
May-09-2011, 02:58 PM (UTC)
I have to wonder about one thing...
The Reindeer People and Wolf's Brother were originally written as one book. This becomes apparent if you read them: the first doesn't really have a climax, it just... ends. And then the second one picks up right where the first left off. Apparently, it was split because of length issues, but look how slim the volumes are! Maybe things worked differently book then, but with Hobb's line of 700+ books, couldn't they have reprinted this as a single book? For some reason it really grates on me...
This signature makes the preceeding post about 20% cooler.
Mervi
May-12-2011, 09:39 AM (UTC)
There actually is a book club edition of the story, "A Saga of the Reindeer People" where both parts were printed together. It's from the 80's so it is not widely available anymore, but you can still sometimes see copies surface on places like ebay. Here's what the cover looks like.
"Green nubs on the dry sticks of the clematis promised that the appearance of death was not death itself." - Ship of Destiny
Maulkin's Tangle
newboy
25 Posts:
Jun-10-2011, 12:11 PM (UTC)
I ordered these two just the other day and also ordered Wizard Of The Pigeons and Alien Earth.
After that (I was going purchase crazy) I ordered the Gypsy from Waterstones for £4.99 (mentioned as it was much cheaper than Amazon).
Hopefully these will be up to scratch.
It does look like I will have to wait a year to complete my collection as Cloven Hoofs is expected at the same time as the Windsingers books
@ Mervi: I know, but why can't that be the standard edition now, considering that these days most publishers are perfectly willing to print 1000+ page books?
@ Maulkin's Tangle: Cloven Hooves has been listed for reprinting too? Well, don't get your hopes up too high...
GodDamage
Aug-21-2011, 10:38 AM (UTC)
I just finished reading both books and I can't agree more with Albertosaurus Rex; it should've been one book. Luckily I had them both from the library so I could continue reading. It's divided in two small parts and there's no reason for splitting it.
Definately not her best book(s), i'd say it's her worst but still worth reading though. (i read all her books except WotP, Alien Earth and Gypsy)


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NewsOther
Golden Ticket Awards 2016-And the winners are!
By ErikSep 11, 2016, 21:55 pm
Whether you agree or disagree with them, Amusement Today's Golden Ticket Awards are the largest awards in the theme park industry. They have been around for 19 years, and have gotten bigger and bigger every single year. While the awards have become predictable in the past few years, there are still some major surprise. Announced on Saturday night, this year's awards have been some of the most surprising yet.
The Golden Tickets are chosen by a panel of enthusiasts who travel to theme parks all over the world. They are the fanboys, the coaster riders, and the park lovers. Just because a park has great attendance, and is world famous, doesn't mean they will make the cut for The Golden Tickets.
Here are the winners for 2016:
BEST AMUSEMENT PARK: Europa-Park
BEST WATER PARK: Schlitterbahn New Braunfels
BEST MARINE LIFE PARK: SeaWorld Orlando
BEST SEASIDE PARK: Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk
BEST CHILDREN'S PARK: Idelwild & SoakZone
BEST DARK RIDE: Tower of Terror / Walt Disney World
FRIENDLIEST PARK: Dollywood
BEST SHOWS: Dollywood
BEST CAROUSEL: Knoebels Amusement Resort
BEST FUNHOUSE: Noah's Ark / Kennywood Park
BEST FOOD: Knoebels Amusement Resort
BEST WATER RIDE: Valhalla / Blackpool Pleasure Beach
BEST WATER PARK RIDE: Wildebeest / Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
BEST KIDS' AREA: Planet Snoopy / Kings Island
CLEANEST PARK: Holiday World & Splashin' Safari
BEST LANDSCAPING: Busch Gardens Landscaping
BEST CHRISTMAS EVENT: Smoky Mountain Christmas / Dollywood
BEST HALLOWEEN EVENT: Halloween Horror Nights / Universal Orlando Resort
BEST NEW WATER PARK ATTRACTION OF 2016: Massiv / Schlitterbahn Galveston Island
BEST NEW AMUSEMENT PARK ATTRACTION OF 2016: Lightning Rod / Dollywood
BEST INDOOR ROLLER COASTER: Revenge of the Mummy / Universal Orlando Resort
BEST WOODEN ROLLER COASTER: Boulder Dash / Lake Compounce
BEST STEEL ROLLER COASTER: Fury 325 / Carowinds
PUBLISHER AWARDS
SUPPLIER OF THE YEAR: Bolliger & Mabillard
PERSON OF THE YEAR: Raffi Kaprelyan, VP & General Manager (currently Regional VP, Cedar Fair) / Knott's Berry Farm
RENAISSANCE AWARD: Ed Hart, General Manager / Kentucky Kingdom
PARK OF THE YEAR: Cedar Point
Some big shocks in there! For the first time in several years, Millennium Force at Cedar Point has lost the top spot to Fury 325 at Cedar Point. Cedar Point also stayed firmly in the number two spot for Best Amusement Park, a spot it lost last year to Europa Park. Also a big shock, for the first time in Golden Ticket history, Islands of Adventure does not have the top spot for Best Dark Ride. Perhaps it was the fact that Tower of Terror is closing in Disneyland, but Tower of Terror at Walt Disney World has claimed the top spot for Best Dark Ride. It would have been a much larger statement if Disneyland would have won it, but you can't be picky about these things.
The category of Best Outdoor Show Production was removed this year, and replaced with a general "Best Shows" category. That honor went pretty easily to Dollywood, who has done amazing things with their shows in the past few years.
The best new ride category went to Lightning Rod at Dollywood, which is the world's first launched wooden coaster. Though the ride has broken new records, and is a marvel of engineering, it has not been without its problems as the coaster missed the opening day, and spend most of the summer season testing.
What do you think of this year's Golden Tickets?
Stay tuned for more, and be sure to get social with us on Facebook and follow along with us on Twitter @BehindThrills for the latest updates!
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If you are struggling to come to terms with your scary Gmail inbox that is flooded with junk messages each day, we have one solution that you may be very interested in. Consumers are slowly starting to fall in love with Sanebox, an email management assistant that could change the way you use Gmail forever.
We've all experienced it, tons and tons of unwanted Gmail messages each day, ranging from those Viagra pills that you never asked for, to a random 'Doctor' asking you to wire money to Uganda.
Despite supposed filters which help you avoid such messages, they still find a way to be mixed in with the important stuff and it's an annoying trend that manages to attack all popular email services.
One service that is gaining traction though is Sanebox. It's a brilliant tool that promises to only deliver the important messages that you need to read and sends all 'less important' apps to a new custom folder with a success rate that consumers are highly impressed with.
Sanebox does require a monthly fee, but it's definitely worth it!
Sanebox requires a monthly fee of $6 to operate, but there is a no-catch 14 day free trial allowing you to fully test run the features to see if it works on your own Gmail inbox. From feedback we've received so far, it looks like the asking price is well worth it on this occasion.
With the trial available right now at Sanebox, there's no reason why you should give it a go – especially if you have been having troubles lately with your Gmail experience.
To help you give you that further push over the edge, we've included some excellent reading material with a Sanebox review here, while we've also added a video demonstration below on how it specifically works with Gmail.
Are you happy to admit that you have no problems paying for Sanebox per month, after the software transformed your Gmail? Let us know your experiences with using it below.


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By Hannah Wallace November 3, 2011
The idea of adapting Fyodor Dosteyevsky's monumental final novel The Brothers Karamazov for the stage is a staggering one. It's not just a matter of keeping the many characters and complicated dramatic plotlines clear for the viewer; it's the even more challenging aspect of also bringing to life Dostoyevsky's arguments about religion and morality, which can take up page after page in the reading. How to simplify or streamline without losing much of the original?
Writer Roland Reed took on the task of the adaptation, and now the FSU/Asolo Conservatory has taken on the task of presenting his version of this complex, sometimes frustrating story. Under the direction of Andrei Malaev-Babel, the full second-year class of MFA students has done a great deal of work to examine their characters and their motivations—even if not all of it makes the translation to us, we can sense that they feel they know what they are about.
To put it at the most basic level, The Brothers Karamazov is about a family for which dysfunctional is too mild a word. The brothers of the title are the eldest, Dmitry (Brendan Ragan), who takes after his dissolute father, Fyodor (Francisco Rodriguez), both in the pursuit of drink and of the same fallen woman, Grushenka (an appropriately mercurial Kelly Campbell); the middle son, the intellectual Ivan (Jesse Dornan), who disdains God; and the good-hearted would-be monk Alyosha (Jacob Cooper), who tries to follow the right path in life. Oh, there's a fourth, illegitimate brother, too, Smerdyakov (Zak Wilson), who's used and abused as a family servant by his father.
So there are suspects aplenty when Fyodor is killed and some of his money turns up missing. But attempting to solve that crime is a mere hook upon which to hang so much more in the debate about whether or not God exists and whether, if not, everything is allowed.
There are other important characters to factor in: Dmitry's proud fiancée, Katerina (Sarah Brown) and Alyosha's childlike perhaps-fiancee, Lise (Lindsey Tornquist), whose own mother (Brittany Proia) calls her crazy, with smaller appearances by the Grand Inquisitor (Joseph McGranaghan) and the Devil himself (or herself, in this case, played by Erin Whitney). You almost need a scorecard, but you can count on this: Virtually everyone in this most Russian of Russian novels is tormented, feverish and on the verge of some form of insanity.
In the concept of this production, the ensemble is important, too, as a sort of Greek chorus helping to tell the story or comment on the action, whether they be taunting schoolboys, monks, villagers or courtroom figures. The mostly black-and-white costumes (with the exception, of course, of red for Grushenka), the design of the set (which places some audience members on the stage, but is occasionally awkward for the cast in its use of small movable tables) and the lighting (by Rick Cannon) contribute to the production's often gloomy atmosphere.
There's much more that could be said about an epic story like this, but to sum it up, the cast does an admirable job of meeting a heroic challenge. Whether or not the three-hour production leaves you riveted or restless, however, depends on your appetite for tortured souls. The Brothers Karamazov continues at the Cook Theatre through Nov. 20; call 351-8000 or go to asolorep.org.


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Veliko Tarnovo - City and District Information
Veliko Tarnovo Basic Data
City Population: 71,128
District Population: 293,299
Area size: 4,662 square km.
Places of interest: Veliko Tarnovo, Elena, Svishtov, Polski Trambesh, Gorna Oriyahovitsa,
Veliko Tarnovo General Information
Veliko Tarnovo is one of the most ancient Bulgarian towns. The picturesque situation and panoramic view of the town, its rich cultural and historical heritage wins Veliko Tarnovo the recognition as a historical, cultural and tourist center of contemporary Bulgaria. Veliko Tarnovo borders Targovishte, Rousse, Pleven, Lovech, Gabrovo, Stara Zagora and Sliven districts. It also has access to Danube River through its north border. The district, located in the middle of North Bulgaria, has 2 European transport corridors passing through it: number 7 (Danube River) and number 9 (Russia – Moldova – Romania – Rousse – Veliko Turnovo – Stara Zagora – Haskovo – Greece/Turkey. Rousse port is the biggest Bulgarian port on Danube River.
The town was founded of the foot of the Northern Fore - Balkan Range. Historians date it back to the 4th millennium BC. The town of Veliko Tarnovo had inherited centuries-old Prehistoric, Thracian and Antique culture and in 1185 it became a center of the Bulgarian Uprising against Byzantine domination and the capital of the restored Bulgarian state. The medieval town of Tarnovo was rapidly expanding and developed into the strongest Bulgarian fortress during the 12-14th centuries. It became the most significant political, economic, cultural and religious centre of Bulgaria. The Tarnovo Schools of Literature and Arts were established and developed here. Remarkable architectural monuments were created; miniature and monumental painting, literature; plastic arts and crafts achieved high artistic level.
During the 15th-19th centuries period Tarnovo was a symbol of the former Bulgarian state system and a stronghold of the Bulgarian national spirit, a leading centre of the struggle for cultural independence. During the Bulgarian National Revival period in the second half of the 18th and the 19th centuries the town was an important administrative, trade and industrial centre. The rapid economic boom was set as a favorable premise for a dynamic cultural and educational process. Unique monuments of the material and spiritual culture were created.
After the Liberation from Ottoman domination in 1877 until the wars in 1912 - 1913and in 1915 - 1918 as a historical capital Tarnovo played a significant role in the political, administrative and cultural formation of independent Bulgaria. In 1879 Bulgaria was restored for the second time. Then the Constituent Assembly drafted the supreme fundamental laws of the nation - the Tarnovska Constitution in the hall of the former Turkish konak (municipality building). The 1st, The 3rd, The 4th and The 5th Grand National Assemblies (in 1879, 1887, 1893 and 1911) were held in Veliko Tarnovo.
In 1990 The 7th Grand National Assembly was established in same Town Hall where the Constituent Assembly was in session in 1879. The 7th Grand National Assembly drafted the new Constitution of Bulgaria - the nation's fundamental laws for modern democratic changes.
Modern Veliko Tarnovo is a town - museum rich in many cultural museums and monuments and architectural preserves. Every year the town is visited by thousands of tourists from Bulgaria and from abroad. It is a prime concern of the whole nation to study and preserve the numerous historical and architectural monuments, the rich museums and the museum stock. This is only one of the aspects of Veliko Tarnovo Town Council cultural policy.
Arbanasi architectural reserve is situated 4 km from Veliko Turnovo. Arbanasi is a museum of cultural heritage. Some of Arbanasi's churches, monasteries and houses are under UNESCO protection for world cultural heritage.
Tsarevets fortress (situated on a hill in the city) is one of the few Bulgarian medieval strongholds preserved today. A true carrier of cultural and historic heritage, Tsarevets is one of Bulgaria's biggest landmarks.
Veliko Tarnovo Economy
The district contributes 4.3% of Bulgaria's GDP. The registered unemployment has been relatively high – 15%. 95% of the companies in the district are in the private sector. Industry, services and the trade sector contribute to over 90% of the revenues of the region.
Agriculture, traditionally, is a major part of the economy as in almost all other regions in Bulgaria. There are almost 42,000 ha of arable lands. The biggest sowings are wheat, barley, maize, fodder crops and vegetables. Stock breeding is also developed – there are favorable conditions for breeding of cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep and goats.
Leading industrial products forming almost all of the industrial income are: production of flour, meat, dairy and sugar products, canned food; packaging materials; furniture; ceramic products; chemical products – paints, drugs; utensils; clothes; electrocars, motocars and farming machines; metal castings; home accessories; cardboard and polyethylene; cellulose; concrete products, metal cutting machines; radiators and heating devices
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In June, ETFO made history when we moved into our new home in downtown Toronto. The brand new four-story building will serve as an outstanding model for sustainable, efficient construction in the 21st century.
The ETFO office is the first new building in the city that meets the highest environmental standards possible as a certified LEED Platinum structure. LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) sets international standards for green buildings worldwide.
As Canada's largest teacher federation, ETFO takes a leadership role in everything it does and its new home is no exception. The building was designed by architects Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg (KPMB), whose portfolio includes The Canadian Museum of Nature, TIFF Bell Lightbox, and the Royal Conservatory's Koerner Hall.
At first glance, KPMB has married top environmental standards with a neighbourhood-friendly, welcoming place. Glass, open spaces with natural light, a green roof system, and a design built around existing trees that also respects the privacy of neighbouring buildings are both innovative and thoughtful.
It's what you don't see that puts this structure at the top of the environmental class. Rainwater is captured for landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The majority of heating and cooling comes from geothermal systems located deep underneath the building.
Daylight motion sensors adjust the level of lighting needed to supplement natural light which permeates the building's core through the four-story central atrium. As well, fully automated exterior solar shades reduce glare and solar heat gain to reduce energy consumption and increase office comfort.
These and many other features are designed to allow for a workplace that heats, cools, and provides fresh air at a fraction of the usual costs.
For ETFO members, staff, and visitors, there are rooms large enough to accommodate meetings and conferences. One hundred percent fresh air circulation, and windows that can be automatically controlled to minimize condensation, all contribute to a healthier environment.
While the building's location reflects the importance and vital role that ETFO's 76,000 members hold in Ontario, its emergence as the city's top new LEED Platinum structure will set the pace for all other buildings constructed in the province.


Providing a range of digital services to the UK's trade association for water companies.
The Daily Sparkle is a reminiscence magazine that has enhanced the quality of life for thousands of people living with dementia.
Ipplepen-based Southern Timber are one of the largest independent timber merchants in the south west.
A B2B/B2C Ecommerce system with bulk ordering, in depth reporting and features for sales agents to manage their own orders.
Ecommerce website for highend beachwear startup company.
Inspiring people and connecting communities.
Vu began working with Voyager Coffee when it needed to refresh its branding and invest in a new website.
Totnes-based artist Sarah Gillespie has captivated her audience for decades with her intricate life studies and contemplative landscapes.
Website build for UK based manufacturer of engineered display solutions.
Manage wholesale login with quick ordering, separate pricing and pack quantities. Send packing slips to the warehouse and invoices to customers with every order! As well as customer, sales and sales reps reports.


"The Cliffsofmoher's death isn't the real tragedy of this year's horseracing."
Moments before the 2018 Melbourne Cup race was about to begin, four-year-old racehorse The Cliffsofmoher appeared agitated.
According to Seven commentator Richard Freedman, he was "melting like an ice-cream… really sweating up badly".
Seconds into the race, as he approached the turn out of the straight for the first time, the horse 'broke down,' suffering a fractured right shoulder.
Veterinarians rushed to erect a tarp around the fallen horse, but not long after 3pm, amidst the Cup celebrations, it was confirmed that The Cliffsofmoher had been euthanised.
Unlike in previous years, when the death of racehorses at the Melbourne Cup has been reported as a side story, sometimes not until the day after the event, in 2018, the death of The Cliffsofmoher was the story.
Haunting images of the horse's lame leg were everywhere. It was the ethical landmine we could no longer look away from.
The Cliffsofmoher becomes the 6th horse to die as a result of the #melbournecup since 2013. Highlights the very real risks to horses from racing.
I want to see the Melbourne Cup end. The whole thing. No compromise.
If your celebrated tradition is based on animal cruelty for entertainment, then your celebrated tradition deserves to die.
But while the horse's fate is what has drawn the public's attention towards the unsettling reality of horseracing, this death is far from the real tragedy of the billion dollar industry.
The Cliffsofmoher is one of over 100 horses to die on Australian racetracks in the last 12 months. One of dozens to show signs of distress, to have his leg go lame on the racetrack, and to collapse in front of a crowd.
His death is part of a much more complex and much sadder story.
One about horses who are forced to participate in jump racing, despite the statistical likelihood of violent injuries.
One about horses who are whipped to run faster, causing physical and psychological pain and increasing the chances of injury.
One about horses who are discarded when their racing career is over, and killed for dog meat.
One about horses who are raced before they're skeletally mature, risking serious injury and premature death.
One about an industry that chooses not to collate and publish information about horse deaths. Instead, an independent body, the Coalition for the Protection of Racehorses, reports these statistics annually, shining a light on the culture of silence that exists around the treatment of these animals.
In their 2018 Death Watch report, the CPR commented that while the Melbourne Cup is the only day the average person hears about horse racing deaths, the industry takes a number of steps to prevent deaths of this nature becoming public knowledge.
Last year, five-year-old Regal Monarch competed in race four at Flemington, but in the closing moments, he clipped the heels of a horse in front of him and had a sickening fall. He was taken away in an ambulance, and late on 7 November, it was announced that he had been euthanised. It was reported that the timing of this announcement, however, was chillingly strategic – with the horse allegedly dying before the Melbourne Cup was even run.
Regal Monarch after his fall. Image via Getty.
It's likely that the stories we don't see, and don't hear, are far worse than the ones we do.
Every three days, a horse dies on an Australian racetrack. The most common cause of death is catastrophic front limb injury, followed by catastrophic hind limb injury, but horses also die from a broken neck, a broken pelvis, a ruptured aorta and bleeds.
The Cliffsofmoher's death isn't the tragedy of this year's horseracing - it's one small, sadly unexceptional part. If we have genuine concerns about animal welfare, it can't start and end with the Melbourne Cup. We need to talk about the full, uncensored dark side of the racing industry: the whipping, the slaughter, the jump racing, and the racing of horses before they're physically mature.
We need to choose not to support the industry at all, not just one day a year.
Because The Cliffsofmoher, with his broken shoulder, and sickening helplessness, could have died on any other day. And none of us would have known.


Columnist Kent Somers gives his thoughts from the first half of the Cardinals' preseason game against the Saints.
Quarterback Josh Rosen, the first-round pick, entered the game in the second quarter and was able to play behind the first-team offensive line.
There were some shaky moments – like when he tried to stop throwing and let the ball slip out – but Rosen also was poised and accurate.
He threw a perfect long pass to J.J. Nelson that produced a defensive pass interference call.
The Cardinals were called for delay of game with Rosen at quarterback. It happened last week, too. On Friday, the Cardinals had trouble with the crowd noise, which contributed.
On the next play, however, Rosen had plenty of time to throw and drilled a 13-yard touchdown pass to fellow rookie Christian Kirk, the second-round pick.
Rosen showed great patience and Kirk did an excellent job of adjusting his route to find space in the end zone. Kirk made two excellent catches in traffic in the first half.
Late in the half, Rosen appeared to change the play at scrimmage, going to a screen pass.
At least, we think it was a screen. It looked like a few players were confused and the result was an incompletion.
Rosen was 10 of 16 for 107 yards and a touchdown in the first half, and Kirk caught four passes for 49 yards, including the touchdown.
Center Mason Cole, the third-round pick, appeared to hold up just fine for a second consecutive game.
Yes, it's possible for a defense to come up with two turnovers in a quarter and still play poorly.
The Cardinals' front seven was manhandled in the first quarter, and the Saints gashed them for 62 rushing yards.
It's obvious the Cardinals miss starting linebackers Deone Bucannon and Josh Bynes, who are out with injuries.
Some of the linemen, including Robert Nkemdiche, were consistently blocked out of their gaps.
Things then got worse for Nkemdiche when he suffered a foot injury in the first quarter and didn't return.
This is a critical year for Nkemdiche, a first-round pick in 2016, who has done almost nothing as a pro. He has a history of lower leg injuries. His backup, Olsen Pierre, has been a better player than Nkemdiche, but if serious, Nkemdiche's injury affects depth.
The Saints moved the ball against the Cardinals, but a tipped pass ended up as an interception. Later, quarterback Taysom Hill let the ball slip out of his hands on a play fake, and the Cardinals recovered.
The Saints committed four turnovers in the first half.
We saw examples of what the Cardinals want to do on offense this year: Run David Johnson behind a line that coaches think is full of powerful run blockers. The passing game will lean toward shorter routes, allowing quarterback Sam Bradford to get rid of the ball quickly.
Left guard Mike Iupati played well for a second consecutive game, and it appears to be playing like he did in his prime with the 49ers. He made an excellent block after pulling and leading Johnson through the hole.
Johnson's 9-yard touchdown run was impressive not only because he kept churning his feet after being stopped, but also because he had several teammates join the scrum and push him into the end zone.
We will see a deep pass once in a while from Bradford, but it hasn't made an appearance this preseason.
The spots behind Larry Fitzgerald and Kirk are open, and a couple of contenders played well on Friday.
Nelson has the speed to be the team's best deep threat. Chad Williams not only made catches, he did something with the ball after the catch. Tight end Gabe Holmes had a couple of catches and backup running back D.J. Foster is reliable, too.


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CHEMEX OFFER FINANCIAL PACKAGE FOR PROSPECTIVE FRANCHISEES
Chemex is offering a new financial package to help prospective franchisees take advantage of its continuing success.
The cleaning supplies specialist has introduced a new franchise purchase price and a free business plan service virtually guaranteeing finance to all new franchisees.
For a limited period a Chemex franchise can be purchased for just £19,995 which provides a full turn-key operation backed by an industry leading training scheme and a comprehensive sales and marketing support service.
Chemex has been operating for nearly 30 years and is one of Europe's leading suppliers of cleaning, hygiene and infection control products.
Managing Director Michael Graham said: "Our business is virtually recession proof because we supply necessities not luxuries and our franchisees are enjoying continued success where other businesses are struggling.
"We appreciate that it is a big step to invest in a new business which is why we have developed a package of support which makes owning a Chemex franchise easy and affordable.
"Chemex franchises are simple and straightforward to run with £300,000 turnover achievable from just one van, producing 46 per cent gross profit.
"It can take just 30 customers to break even and we guarantee to find at least 30 for every new franchisee who joins us.
"We also provide telephone sales support and allocate a sales professional to accompany franchisees to new business meetings to clinch sales agreements."
Steve Lucas, a former Government advisor on safety systems who joined Chemex last summer, said: "I get a real boost from talking to people and solving their business problems and the opportunity to work with Chemex provides me with the perfect platform to build a successful and satisfying business.
"The business covers a wide area and my plan is to create three new jobs as the business grows."
Steve added: "We provide more than 600 products, many of which have been specifically developed and updated as part of the Chemex Hygiene Control Programme to satisfy the changes in hygiene legislation. You can't buy them in the shops and they are incredibly powerful and effective."
Franchises available from £19,995. Investment includes comprehensive training and on going sales and marketing support
More information at www.chemexfranchises.co.uk
5mudgeYGD2013-02-16T16:04:52+00:00Chemex|
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I may not have ridden this weekend, since Connor has a swollen bite mark on his back right where the saddle goes today, but that doesn't mean I'm not working on a horsey project, one that so far has cost me a total of $15. Thanks, scrap wood! Can you guess what this is becoming?
A tack trunk? Or a locker?
Hello tack locker! You are so handy!