text:
Q: Emacs lisp - autocomplete bookmark names I'm new to elisp. http://www.gnu.org/s/emacs/manual/html_node/elisp/Interactive-Codes.html#Interactive-Codes lists 'code characters' for interactive parameters, which AFAIK modifies the behaviour of the input mechanism when prompting the user for input (eg: if you specify that the input is a filename that exists, emacs' autocomplete functionality will look for file names that exists).
I'm trying to find a code for a bookmark name that already exists - ie: emacs will prompt the user for a bookmark name, and upon pressing tab emacs will show possible bookmark name completions.
Does such a code exist?

A: Use completing-read for that. You could write a function that prompts the user for a bookmark like so:
(defun my-function ()
  (interactive)
  (let ((bookmark (completing-read "Bookmark: " (bookmark-all-names))))
    ...))

If you prefer the prompting to be part of interactive (so that the result will be bound automatically to your function's arguments), you could use the following alternative:
(defun my-function (bookmark)
  (interactive (list (completing-read "Bookmark: " (bookmark-all-names))))
  ...)

For Emacs to find the function bookmark-all-names you also have to add the following line to your .emacs file:
(require 'bookmark)

A: Function bookmark-completing-read is the standard way to complete a bookmark name.  You do not need the lower-level function completing-read for this.  Example:

    (bookmark-completing-read "Bookmark" bookmark-current-bookmark)

If you use Bookmark+ then bookmark-completing-read accepts some optional arguments (similar to completing-read) that can help:

*

*ALIST -- an alist of bookmarks to choose from (instead of all bookmarks: bookmark-alist)

*PRED -- a predicate that filters the list of bookmark candidates

*HIST -- an input history list
There is also a non-strict version of the function, bmkp-completing-read-lax, which is useful if you want to accept a new bookmark name or complete against existing names.


At the same time, by using the RingCentral mobile app, recruiters can maintain some separation between their work and personal lives, he says. Rather than giving out their personal mobile number, they use the RingCentral app to make and receive calls, or send and receive messages, using the same business phone number that they would use in the office. That also means they know when they are getting business calls and texts, rather than personal ones, because they come through the RingCentral app.


Yandex Maps is a Russian web mapping service developed by Yandex. The service provides detailed maps of the whole world. It includes a search, information about traffic jams, routing and street panoramas. The service was launched in 2004.
Yandex Maps is the most popular cartographic service in Russia. It has about 11.5 million users in Russia per month, and over 20 million worldwide.
The service initially had maps only of Russia and Ukraine, but now includes world maps.
Maps are available in four versions: maps, satellite images, satellite images with captions, and legend (hybrid).
Users can measure distance and get directions by dragging between spots on a map. The search is available by both geographical objects (addresses, streets, cities, regions and countries) and by organizations. The illumination of the district, city or region is available after searching the organization on the site.
Yandex Maps has a mobile application for iOS, Android and Windows phones.
On Yandex Maps it is possible to view street panoramas. There are street view even of Pripyat and Chernobyl. In 2016 a "street view" of Everest was photographed.
Users can make new data on the map with the help of the Yandex.Map editor.
Yandex Traffic is a feature on Yandex Maps that displays traffic conditions in real time on major roads and highways. It can be viewed at the Yandex Maps website, or via the app.
Yandex Traffic works by analyzing the GPS-determined locations transmitted to Yandex by a large number of mobile phone users. By calculating the speed of users along a length of road, Yandex is able to generate a live traffic map. It processes the incoming raw data about mobile phone device locations, and then excludes anomalies such as a postal vehicle that makes frequent stops. When a threshold of users in a particular area is noted, the overlay along roads and highways on the map changes color.
A satellite mode of Yandex Maps is not as detailed as Google Maps.
It has detailed maps only of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkey and Kazakhstan.
The editing functionality of Yandex Maps is currently available only in Russian language.
Street view is available only for cities of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Turkey.
^ "8 Best Alternative to Google Maps - Classic old Map - GIS MAP INFO". Igismap.com. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ a b Privat, Ludovic. "GPS phones generate traffic information in Russia". Gpsbusinessnews.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ ""Яндекс" запустил георекламу". Comments.ru. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ "Реклама на Яндекс.Карты.ru". Mediaplanerist.ru. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ "Панорамные снимки еще десяти городов России опубликованы на "Яндекс.Картах"". 1prime.ru. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ a b c "9 Map Apps Alternative to Google Maps". Bettertechtips.com. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ "Яндекс.Карты обновили панорамы Припяти и Чернобыля". Popmech.ru. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ "New, Chernobyl panoramas on Yandex Mapsmaptd". Maptd.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ "Unique panoramas of Everest appeared on Yandex Maps . They were made during an expedition 7 Summits Club!". 7 Summits Club. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ In, Lee (31 March 2016). "Encyclopedia of E-Commerce Development, Implementation, and Management". IGI Global. Retrieved 27 October 2017 – via Google Books.
^ "Афиша Город: Кто составляет карты "Яндекс.Пробок" – Архив". Gorod.afisha.ru. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ Rankyweb (7 April 2016). "Yandex Maps Review - DownloadMaps.org". Downloadmaps.org. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
^ Privat, Ludovic. "Yandex Revamps Interface, Adds Crowdsourcing to Maps". Gpsbusinessnews.com. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
This page was last edited on 17 March 2019, at 19:23 (UTC).


I have several family members who operate their own businesses, so I knew even before I attended law school how important lawyers are in the business world. I saw the law as a way to help business owners achieve their goals, which is what attracted me to corporate and tax practice. Corporate and tax lawyers don't just help clients deal with problems after they happen. They have to anticipate problems and structure transactions to avoid them.
I enjoy the process of transforming students into lawyers. When they begin their journey in my first-year Legislation and Regulation course, they are passionate, but green. By the time I see them out the door of my upper-level tax courses, they are well trained and ready to represent clients.
Much of the law is found in statutes and administrative regulations, which aren't emphasized in traditional common law courses. In my tax courses, I use a problem method that forces students to use the tax code and regulations to analyze realistic fact patterns. My students are prepared to tackle any statute they encounter in practice.
My family and baseball. I'm a Rangers fan, and I'm looking forward to the day that my son is old enough to go to games with me.
My research focuses on taxation, behavioral economics and behavioral public choice. I'm particularly interested in how psychology influences the law, including tax and regulatory policy.


← Renting? What Other Paint Color Can You Use Other Than Beige?
(updated) I just found the best use for Emerald, Pantone's color for 2013 and I happen to discover this on Fat Tuesday!
We've had some time to digest Emerald Green, Pantone's color of the year and it's not all that positive for the interior of our homes. Some love it, some hate it. So where exactly can we use Emerald Green in our home?
We just got finished putting away all our Tangerine Tango pillows, area rugs, lamps and any other orange decor you can add to a home without committing to wall color. Some I'm sure are also priming and painting over those very orange and unsettling walls. Now, we will exchange all that orange for green. Or will we?
Many of my colleagues have a unanimous opinion on Emerald Green. It's great as a piece of jewelry, in accent features in our homes such as pillows and touches of green here and there but what exactly is the perfect application for Emerald Green?
I'm ok with using Emerald Green as accents but personally, I'd rather have an amazing color on a wall but it has to be the RIGHT color and it needs some staying power. A color that I'd love for at least a few years and not tire of in 6 months.
As far as the home, we can expect to see it in dribs and drabs here and there or maybe in a fantastic fabric, a throw pillow, table runners, flowers or any other small decor you can think of without a large commitment to color but for the most part, Emerald will a gem of a color for those who are wild about green but for the rest of us, we're still waiting for that amazing blue to be Pantone's Color of the Year.
How can we use Emerald outside the home?
Emerald green would make a fantastic and playful color for a front door (check your Home Owners Association first) but it may be too much for shutters too.
Paint your Adirondack chairs, patio furniture or even get an awning in a Sunbrella fabric (Sea Grass Green) for your outdoor patio and you'll be the most trendy on in your neighoborhood.
What are some other colors Emerald would be good with?
Way too many to mention. That really depends on the look you want for your home. For the most part if you're going to use Emerald accessories in your home you'll have to keep the walls fairly neutral so you don't get a color overload. It really depends on the style of your home. A small Cottage or Arts and Crafts home can pull it off but the large McMansions with open concepts is a no.
Why is this a good color to incorporate in your home?
Like any color you introduce into your home, it should be a color that you love. There will be tons of people that simple do not like Emerald at all yet there will be tons of people who will.
Look how beautiful this color combination is? It's all about what you do with color and how you use it in your home. Now for someone (me) who doesn't really like Emerald, I really like this Peacock color palette. There are so many other ways to make Emerald look fantastic but I think people just need to open their mind to other colors and ways to make Emerald work in a home. Just play with color combinations until you find one that will work. It's just color! Have fun, explore and just give it a chance.
More about Emerald, about bright colors, about the green color family.
If the color of the year was a blue, perhaps a darker slate blue, this hue would be flying off the shelf right now but it's not. It's Emerald and it's going to be here for a year until Pantone announces it's color for 2014.
Meanwhile as far as green goes, coastal green, spa green or beach glass green seems to be more favored in the home.
I see that strongly moving towards Teal. I've introduced "Teal" to my clients and they love it!
The main thing to consider about choosing and committing to a color is how will it work with the other colors in your home and how it make you feel when you look at it day in and day out. If it feels good and makes you happy than that's the hue for you!
This entry was posted in Color, Color Specialist in Charlotte, Color Trends, Home Decor, Inspiration, Interior Design, Pantone and tagged color, color specialist in charlotte, color trends, emerald green, green, Pantone, pillows. Bookmark the permalink.
3 Responses to Emerald Green is a Gem of a Color, or is it?
How do I love green? Let me count the ways. Ha, but seriously, I LOVE green. Especially Kelly and "emerald" green. All of a sudden the color I love just happens to be trendy. I bought green wallpaper this summer for our new dining room and it just went up last weekend. Pairing with gold and a healthy dose of off-white. And I'll have to tell you all about my green kitchen sometime! Not for everyone, but definitely for me. Loving teal right now too in a monochromatic scheme, especially, but it really is a versatile color that could be calming or energizing, depending upon accents.


Fender American Deluxe Bass Tuning Machine ('04-'06), Chrome, Left Hand, One Originally manufactured for use on American Deluxe Basses from 2004-2006. Fender 0064195000.
Fender American Deluxe Lite Bass Chrome Tuner, One Tuner As found on American Deluxe Precision Bass and Jazz Bass. Chrome plated cloverleaf keys, compact lightweight black exotic plastic body. Manufactured by Schaller in Germany. Fender 0063547000.
Fender Standard Bass Tuner Bushings, Set of 4 Genuine Fender Bass Key Bushings. Used on most Mexico series basses. We measured .739" across the splines, .825" diameter at the upper lip, .555" inside diameter, .353" height overall.
Fender USA '70s Bass Tuner Headstock Bushings, Set of Four Set of four Fender USA '70s Headstock Bushings for Precision Bass, Jazz Bass, etc. Lovely nickel plated steel. Exactly the same 'press fit' splined bushings are found on zillions of '70s Basses.
Fender Nickel Bass Tuner Headstock Bushings, Set of Four Set of four vintage style nickel headstock bushings for Precision Bass, Jazz Bass, etc. Fender 0019509049.
One Single Genuine Fender American Deluxe Lite Bass Gold Tuner Tuning Machine Head Key As found on American Deluxe Precision Bass and Jazz Bass. Gold plated cloverleaf key compact lightweight exotic black plastic body. Manufactured by Schaller.
Fender American Deluxe Lite Bass Gold Tuners As found on American Deluxe P Bass and Jazz Bass! Gold plated cloverleaf keys, compact lightweight black exotic plastic body. Manufactured by Schaller in Germany. Precision gears, smooth action. 0063548000.
Fender American Deluxe Lite Bass Chrome Tuners set As found on American Deluxe Precision Bass and Jazz Bass! Chrome plated cloverleaf keys, compact lightweight black exotic plastic body. Precision gears; very smooth. Fender 0063547000.
Fender Bass Tuners, Chrome 5 String Set As found on Squier Affinity Five String Bass. Schaller styled tuning machine set with screw on headstock bushings. Slotted string post has 'safety string' hole to anchor the end of the string.
Fender Bass Tuners, Deluxe F Stamp, Left Hand, Set of 4 Cloverleaf design tuning machines with two-guide mounting pin design and Fender "F" logo. Special open-gear design with semi-exposed tuning pegs. Includes washers and bushings. 0097336049.
Fender Bass Tuners, Deluxe F Stamp, Set of 4 Set of four cloverleaf design tuning machines. Two-guide mounting pin design and "Authentic Fender" tuning gear stamp. Special open-gear design with semi-exposed tuning pegs. Includes washers and bushings.
Fender Highway 1 Chrome Bass Tuners, Set of 4 As found on Highway 1 P Bass and Jazz Bass. Also used on Mexico Standard Basses. Large cloverleaf keys. Press in headstock bushings. Each tuning machine mounts to back of headstock with 4 screws. 0036400049.
Fender Bass Tuners, Vintage Style Nickel, Set of 4 Reverse wound, clover leaf keys. Complete with bushings and screws. Fender 0078834049.
Fender Bass Tuners, Vintage Style Nickel, One Tuner, 0078834049. Nicked plated steel with riveted "clover-leaf" paddles. Vintage correct "reverse" counterclockwise tuning. Complete with press fit headstock bushings and mounting screws.
Fender Pure Vintage 70's Jazz Bass Tuners, 1 set One set of four stamped clover leaf tuners stamped "Fender". Shafts approximately .55" tall. As used on the Fender American Vintage '74 Jazz Bass. Fender 0076568049.
Fender Tuner Mount Screws, Gold, Phillips Head, One Doz.


Unlike a lot of people, I don't have a problem with certain kinds of superficial campaign coverage. Take, for example this recent Boston Globe story that analyzed the "Leave it to Beaver" language used by Mitt Romney on the campaign trail.
Okay, fine. That's not really interesting, but whatever. If a reporter and an editor want to put in the time to dissect this sort of stuff, that's their choice. If you or I, as serious consumers of news, want something more substantive, we can just find it somewhere else. Right?
Wrong! This campaign season, we have not seen the Globe or anyone else publish a dissection of Romney's language one day and a dissection of his Iraq policy the next. No one is paying attention to the complete and utter lack of substantive issue positions from the Republicans. They have no serious ideas on Iraq, on health care, or on climate change — they're running on rhetoric, personality, and resume. The Democrats have all of that, plus incredibly detailed plans for America's most pressing priorities. Until that truth appears in the mainstream media regularly, superficial coverage like the Globe's remains troubling.


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text:
Q: What exactly are the "higher order terms" (H.O.T.) in Taylor series expansion in multivariable case? I know the Taylor series expansion in single variable case:
$$ f(x) = f(x_0) + f'(x_0)(x - x_0) + \frac{1}{2}f''(x_0)(x-x_0)^2 + \frac{1}{3!}f^{(3)}(x_0)(x-x_0)^3 + \frac{1}{4!}f^{(4)}(x_0)(x-x_0)^4 + \frac{1}{5!}f^{(5)}(x_0)(x-x_0)^5 + \dots $$
Multivariable case is stated as:
$$ f(\bar{x}) = f(\bar{x_0}) + \bar\nabla f(\bar{x_0})^T(\bar{x} - \bar{x_0}) + \frac{1}{2}(\bar{x} - \bar{x_0})^T\bar\nabla^2 f(\bar{x_0})(\bar{x} - \bar{x_0}) + H.O.T. $$
I can find the expression above everywhere, but it is not possible to find the open expression for the H.O.T. (at least I wasn't able to find it). No source states the explicit expression for the higher order terms. Do people avoid them for some reason? For example, are those terms too complex or too long to write?
So, what are these higher order terms in the multivariable case? Do they involve a $\bar\nabla^3 f(\bar{x_0})$, $\bar\nabla^4 f(\bar{x_0})$, $\bar\nabla^5 f(\bar{x_0})$, ... terms; if yes, how are they defined? Please write a few terms from H.O.T. to make the pattern clear.

A: The terms are no different from those you'd expect based on the univariate case.
The general sum can be stated as
$$f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{n!}[(x-x_0) \cdot \nabla]^n f|_{x_0}$$
This follows from the single variable case by writing $x-x_0 = t \hat v$ for some unit vector $v$.  Each component can then be expressed as a function of $t$ and expanded in a 1D Taylor series.

A: The formula is almost identical to the single variable case. You should be able to find this in any good book covering calculus on Banach spaces.
Theorem. Let $E,F$ be Banach spaces, let $A\subseteq E$ be an open set and let $f:A\to F$ be a class $C^p$ map. Let $x\in A$ and let $v\in E$. Assume that the line segment $x+tv$ with $0\le t\le1$ is contained in $A$. Write $v^{(k)}$ for the $k$-tuple $(v,\dots,v)$. Then $$
f(x+v)=\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{f^{(k)}(x)v^{(k)}}{k!} + R_p,
$$ where $$
R_p = \int_0^1 \frac{(1-t)^{p-1}}{(p-1)!} f^{(p)}(x+tv)v^{(p)}\,dt.
$$
Proof. Integration by parts.
Here $f^{(k)}(x)\in L(E,L(E,\dots,L(E,F))\dots)$. (You should already know that the first derivative $f'(x)$ is just a linear map from $E$ to $F$, so we can differentiate the map $f':A\to L(E,F)$ to get $f'':A\to L(E,L(E,F))$ and so on.)
Check out Mathematical Analysis II by Zorich & Cooke or Real and Functional Analysis by Lang.

A: They are just higher order tensors. Think of them multidimensional matrices. So (assuming the output of $f$ is just a real scalar), the first term in the Taylor expansion is just a scalar. The second term is a vector, all the first partials (AKA the gradient vector). The third term is a square matrix, all of the possible second partials (AKA the Hessian matrix). The fourth term is a 3D matrix, all of the possible third partials, and so on.

A: In addition to below answers the explicit form for three variables are
$$f(x,y,z)=f(x_0,y_0,z_0)$$
$$+\frac{\partial f_0}{\partial x}(x-x_0)+\frac{\partial f_0}{\partial y}(y-y_0)+\frac{\partial f_0}{\partial z}(z-z_0)\quad \Rightarrow Order 1$$
$$+\frac{1}{2} \bigg(\frac{\partial^2 f_0}{\partial x^2}(x-x_0)^2+\frac{\partial^2 f_0}{\partial y^2}(y-y_0)^2+\frac{\partial^2 f_0}{\partial z^2}(z-z_0)^2+2\frac{\partial^2 f_0}{\partial x\partial y}(x-x_0)(y-y_0) $$
$$+2\frac{\partial^2 f_0}{\partial x\partial z}(x-x_0)(z-z_0)+2\frac{\partial^2 f_0}{\partial z\partial y}(z-z_0)(y-y_0)\bigg)\quad \Rightarrow Order 2$$
And it goes like this to higher orders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Het Nederlands kampioenschap dammen van 1934 telde tien deelnemers. Zowel Reinier Cornelis Keller als Baris Dukel behaalde 12 punten. Om te bepalen wie zich Nederlands kampioen mocht noemen werd er een herkamp georganiseerd. Deze werd gewonnen door Cees Keller, die hiermee zijn tweede nationale titel in de wacht sleepte.

Resultaten

Nederlands kampioenschap dammen
Dammen in 1934

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Year : 2022 | Volume : 10 | Issue : 1 | Page : 24-29
Effect of ultrasound-guided pes anserine bursa injection on knee scores: A comparative study
Mahesh Choudhary1, Richa1, Shefali Gupta2, Anil Kumar Gaur1
1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AIIPMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
2 Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AIIPMR), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Date of Submission 11-Mar-2021
Dr. Richa
Room 421, All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AIIPMR), Haji Ali, Mumbai 400 034, Maharashtra
DOI: 10.4103/JOASP.JOASP_19_21
INTRODUCTION: Pes anserine bursitis is a common clinical finding in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This causes significant disability and functional hindrance. Management includes medication, physiotherapy, and local steroid injection. Though many studies have been done in relation to the management of pes anserine bursitis, a comparative study for two techniques of giving local steroid injection is the first of its kind. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ultrasound-guided versus blind corticosteroid injection in pes anserine bursa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 84 patients (comprising 100 injection limbs) attending the outpatient department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at a tertiary care center were selected. Detailed demographic data were collected and each patient was examined clinically. American College of Radiology clinical classification criteria for knee osteoarthritis were used to diagnose knee osteoarthritis. All the patients were injected with methylprednisolone 80 mg (2 mL), half of them under ultrasound guidance and the other half by clinical judgment. All the study participants were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) score and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), pre-procedure and post-procedure at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months, to assess pain and the functional improvement using paired t test for intra-group and unpaired t test for inter-group comparison. RESULTS: Both the groups with comparable baseline assessment showed a significant improvement in the VAS score after the injection at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months duration. Also, there was a significant improvement in the functional status in patients of both groups as indicated by the KOOS after the injection at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months duration. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the outcome measured on VAS score with the two techniques. This implies that both techniques led to comparable VAS outcomes statistically. However, the functional outcome as indicated by KOOS score was significantly higher in the group injected under ultrasound guidance. CONCLUSION: KOOS assessment indicated that ultrasound-guided injection technique is superior to the blind technique. On the basis of the VAS score, no statistically significant difference was found in outcomes using the two different techniques.
Keywords: Function, local corticosteroid, pain, rehabilitation
Choudhary M, Richa, Gupta S, Gaur AK. Effect of ultrasound-guided pes anserine bursa injection on knee scores: A comparative study. J Orthop Spine 2022;10:24-9
Choudhary M, Richa, Gupta S, Gaur AK. Effect of ultrasound-guided pes anserine bursa injection on knee scores: A comparative study. J Orthop Spine [serial online] 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 26];10:24-9. Available from: https://www.joas.org.in/text.asp?2022/10/1/24/361904
The term "pes anserinus" (Latin for goose foot) refers to the common insertional tendon of sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles on the anteromedial surface of the proximal tibia. As these three tendons approach their insertion site, they come together to form a conjoined tendon that anatomically resembles a goose's webbed foot, which inserts 5–6 cm inferior to the knee along the anteromedial surface of the tibia.[1] The pes bursa is a synovial lined sac that lies deep to the pes anserinus and superficial to the tibial attachment of the medial collateral ligament. It does not communicate with the knee joint.[2],[3],[4]
The pes anserine bursa can often be the source of discomfort in patients experiencing knee pain.[5],[6] On the basis of their study, Yoon et al.[7] reported that pes anserine bursitis had been clinically diagnosed in 46.8% of the patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). In contrast, 83.3% of pes anserine bursitis or tendinitis patients were reported to have radiographic evidence of knee OA.
The hallmark features of pes anserine bursitis are knee pain, a palpable swelling of bursa, and tenderness over medial anterior aspect of tibia just below knee.[2],[8],[9] Patients typically present with knee pain, which is aggravated by climbing or descending stairs.
Inflammation of the anserine bursa has been attributed to excess valgus or rotatory stress causing increased friction and contusion of the bursa.[4] Chronic pes anserine bursitis is often reported in patients with underlying degenerative joint disease or rheumatoid arthritis. The incidence of pes anserine bursitis is higher in females, overweight patients, individuals with OA of the knee, valgus deformity and pes planus, and those of 50–80 years of age, although younger obese women can also be affected.[4],[7] Women seem to be more predisposed to anserine bursitis because of the broad pelvic area, with resultant angulation at the knee joint, putting more pressure at the pes anserinus attachment.[5],[10],[11],[12]
Ultrasound-guided technique enables the clinician to visualize as well as inject steroid into the bursal substance with better precision whereas in the blind technique the tender spot is clinically appreciated and injected. Hence, with the blind technique, the placement of injection into bursal sac cannot be ensured.
There have been studies on the management of pes anserine bursal pain using various modalities including diclofenac mesotherapy, polydeoxyribonucleotide, and physiotherapy. However, there are not enough studies in the literature regarding steroid injection given by the two techniques in pes anserine bursa. As the availability of ultrasound machines can limit the number of patients in whom the injection can be given by direct visualization, this study aims to explore whether such direct visualization has any added benefit in the first place.
In a similar study conducted on sample size of 47 patients, it was shown that ultrasound-guided pes anserine bursa injection was more accurate than blind technique as assessed by VAS scale, at 1 week and 4 weeks after the injection. However, this study had the limitations of small sample size and a short follow-up of 4 weeks which is lesser than the time advocated for the achievement of optimum outcome of the local corticosteroid injection.[13]
Another previous similar study conducted in lateral epicondylitis comparing the two techniques has shown that the ultrasound guidance for corticosteroid injection does not improve clinical outcome as compared with the injection given by blind technique.[14]
This was a randomized controlled clinical study conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at a tertiary care center from October 2017 to December 2018. The institutional ethics committee approval was given vide letter number 2017-01.
A total of 84 diagnosed cases of pes anserine bursitis with knee OA fulfilling the criteria as mentioned below were included in the study. Sixteen of these patients had bilateral involvement, hence entailing the administration of 100 injections. This number of 100 injection limbs was selected based on a previous study where the sample size used was 47, and the participants were followed up for assessment till 4 weeks after injection.[13]
A detailed history was taken and patients were classified according to American College of Radiology (ACR) criteria[15] for OA. The diagnosis of pes anserine bursitis was made after a thorough clinical assessment of the patient. It included swelling seen over pes anserine area on inspection and severe palpatory tenderness in pes anserine area 1 inch below and anterior to medial tibial plateau.
Informed consent was taken from all the patients after explaining the study details in their own language.
Cases of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, skin infection at site of injection, pregnancy, knee effusion, hypersensitivity to methylprednisolone, any history of injection in the past 3 months, coagulopathy, surgical intervention or physical therapy in the past 3 months, other associated painful condition of lower extremities or knee.
Knee OA as per ACR guidelines stages 1 to 3 (Kellgren Lawrence[16]).
Age at least 50 years.
Medial sided knee pain clinically correlating to pes anserine bursitis.
There were two outcome measures. First, the pain was indicated by the patient on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) where "1" indicated the minimum pain and "10" indicated the worst pain experienced by the patient. The second assessment was done using knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS).[17]
The KOOS's five patient-relevant dimensions are scored separately:
Pain (9 items)
Symptoms (7 items)
ADL function (17 items)
Sport and recreation function (5 items)
Quality of life (4 items)
A Likert scale is used and all items have five possible answer options scored from 0 (no problems) to 4 (extreme problems) and each of the five scores is calculated as the sum of the items included. These scores are transformed to a 0–100 scale, with zero representing extreme knee problems and 100 representing no knee problems as common in orthopedic scales and generic measures.
Eighty-four patients were alternatively allocated into each of the two groups for two injection techniques. This random allocation technique ensured that there were 50 injection limbs in both the groups.
A single investigator administered the injection to all the patients, in both groups. All aseptic precautions were taken and the skin was prepared with a 5% betadine solution followed by spirit prior to the injection. 2-cc syringe with 22-gauge needle was put to use.
In group A, injection Methylprednisolone 80 mg was infiltrated at the point of maximal tenderness in the anserine bursa region by clinical assessment.
In group B, the patients were similarly injected with injection Methylprednisolone 80 mg in the pes anserine bursa but under ultrasound guidance [Figure 1]. Ultrasound machine used was Medison SONOACE X8 (made in Korea).
Figure 1: Ultrasound image showing the needle in the inflamed pes anserine bursa
The patients were prescribed tab Diclofenac 50 mg to be taken if they experienced any pain after the injection. Outcome variables were measured at the baseline before the intervention and follow-up assessment was performed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the injection. The rehabilitation protocol takes around 6 to 8 weeks for getting a definitive improvement in function. Hence, 3 months was chosen as the last and final follow-up.
Injection procedure
The patient was made to lie supine with the hip externally rotated with the knee in slight flexion.
Blind technique
Blind injection was given by clinically ascertaining the point of maximum tenderness in the location of pes anserine bursa, which is usually 1 inch anteroinferior to medial joint line.
Ultrasound-guided technique
The transducer was placed in two planes: oblique coronal and coronal planes. The semitendinosus tendon was identified and traced in distal posteromedial thigh till it converges with gracilis and sartorius tendon. All the tendons were traced till their attachments on tibia. The pes anserine bursa lies in plane deep to tendons. The inflamed bursa was identified. As per clinical correlation of findings, the corticosteroid injection was given in the plane relative to the position of transducer.
All the data were collected in a pretested proforma. The statistical analysis was performed by an external expert using the statistical program SPSS software program, version 25.0. The P value was set as 0.05 for all the evaluations across both groups. To analyze the effect of steroid injection in each group, paired t Student test was performed on the data collected at baseline and at 3 months after the injection. For the comparison of two techniques, unpaired Student t test was performed between two groups.
No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in baseline characteristics [Table 1].
Table 1: Demographic data
[Table 2] shows the outcome measures, that is, VAS score and KOOS at baseline and at the end of study. In this study, mean improvement seen in patients was significant after both the techniques.
Table 2: Outcome measures
At the final assessment at 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference seen in the outcome using the two different techniques, based on the VAS scores. This signifies that both the techniques were equally effective in producing improvement in VAS scores.
The KOOS data indicated that the ultrasound-guided injection technique was superior to the blind technique.
No patient in this study reported any major side effect after the injection procedure. There was slight pain reported at the injection site by five patients of study group A and eight patients in study group B. There were no withdrawals or dropouts in this study and all the registered patients kept a follow-up up to 3 months as had been advised.
Studies have found that knee OA and pes anserine bursitis can coexist and clinical pes anserine tendino-bursitis (PATB) may be cause of knee pain. PATB is an easily treatable cause of knee pain. Its early detection and management are crucial and can significantly improve pain and function which can positively impact the patient's quality of life.
This study was conducted to investigate whether a corticosteroid injection given in pes anserine bursa under ultrasound guidance was more effective as compared with an injection administered blindly.
It was found that irrespective of the technique of administration of corticosteroid injection, patients reported significant improvement in both VAS score and KOOS measured at 3 months compared with the baseline in each individual group.
When inter-group comparison was done, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in improvement in VAS scores. However, the data collected on KOOS showed that the improvement in functional outcome was better when the injection was administered under ultrasound guidance as compared with the blind technique, at 3 months.
In a recent paper published by Mohamed Mortada et al.,[18] authors have studied the impact of ultrasonography detected pes anserine on pain and function in patients with primary knee OA. They concluded that presence of pes anserine bursitis on ultrasound is associated with increased pain and disability in knee OA.
Previously, Yoon et al.[7] conducted a study to assess the ultrasonographic findings in patients with knee OA with pes anserinus tendinitis or bursitis syndrome and to determine the correlation between the ultrasonography findings and the response to local corticosteroid injection. 26 patients with knee OA with clinically diagnosed PATBsyndrome were studied. They concluded that ultrasound can serve as a useful diagnostic tool for guiding treatment in PATB syndrome of patients with OA.
Finnoff et al.[19] conducted a study to compare the accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus unguided pes anserinus bursa injections in a 24 cadaveric model study. They concluded that unguided pes anserinus bursa injections rarely placed the injection within the pes anserinus bursa, whereas ultrasound-guided pes anserine bursa injections have a high degree of accuracy. Ultrasound guidance showed effectiveness in cadaveric studies, increasing accuracy from 17% (unguided) to 92%. However, the sample size was small in this study. And since it was conducted on cadavers, there is no question of functional outcome measurement or assessment of benefit perceived by the patient.
There are several other modalities in consideration for the management of pes anserine bursitis as well.
Saggini et al.[20] conducted a study to evaluate the effects of mesotherapy with diclofenac for anserine bursitis and found it to be effective in managing anserine bursitis in knee OA in the short term and mid-term.
Saeid Khosrawei et al.[21] conducted a study to investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on reducing chronic pain in patients with pes anserine bursitis. The results showed that ESWT could be effective in reducing the pain and treating PATB.
A study by Sarifakioglu et al.[22] indicated that physical therapy and corticosteroid injection are similarly effective in the treatment of PATB.
Mun et al.[23] published a case report claiming good relief with injection of polydeoxyribonucleotide injection on pes anserine bursitis.
The present study emphasizes the outcomes of steroid injection in pes anserine bursa comparing blind versus ultrasound-guided technique. Though ultrasound-guided injection is expected to administer steroid at the exact location and offer prompt and better pain relief that is long-standing avoiding the tendinous structure and preventing steroid-induced tendon degeneration, clinical efficacy measured with the help of one of the two outcome measures, that is, VAS score mentioned above does not yield any statistically significant difference. KOOS data however showed the superiority of injection under ultrasound guidance in improving the functional status of the patient as compared with the blind technique over a follow-up of 3 months.
This may be attributed to the fact that KOOS is a composite score comprising of pain, symptoms, ADLs, sports and recreation function and knee-related quality of life.
Limitations of the study
This study has its own limitations related with the study design, mainly due to the limited sample size. The relatively short follow-up is another limitation and would be important to consider in future designs. Furthermore, these results are only applicable to patients of similar characteristics to those of our sample, which may not be applicable to other population.
Our study suggests that ultrasound-guided steroid injection in pes anserine bursa is a more accurate and effective method of pain management than blind injection. Future studies involving larger sample size with longer follow-up may be needed to further compare the two techniques.
Forbes JR, Helms CA, Janzen DL Acute pes anserine bursitis: Mr imaging. Radiology 1995;194:525-7.
McCarthy CL, McNally EG The MRI appearance of cystic lesions around the knee. Skeletal Radiol 2004;33:187-209.
Brookler MI, Mongan ES Anserina bursitis: A treatable cause of knee pain in patients with degenerative arthritis. Calif Med 1973;119:8-10.
Stuttle FL The no-name and no-fame bursa. Clin Orthop 1959;15:197-9.
Clapp A, Trecek J, Joyce M, Sundaram M Pes anserine bursitis. Orthopedics 2008;31:306, 407-8.
Gnanadesigan N, Smith RL Knee pain: Osteoarthritis or anserine bursitis? J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003;4:164-6.
Yoon HS, Kim SE, Suh YR, Seo YI, Kim HA Correlation between ultrasonographic findings and the response to corticosteroid injection in pes anserinus tendinobursitis syndrome in knee osteoarthritis patients. J Korean Med Sci 2005;20:109-12.
Helfenstein M Jr, Kuromoto J Anserine syndrome. Rev Bras Reumatol 2010;50:313-27.
Lee JH, Kim KJ, Jeong YG, Lee NS, Han SY, Lee CG, et al. Pes anserinus and anserine bursa: Anatomical study. Anat Cell Biol 2014;47:127-31.
Pompan DC Pes anserine bursitis: An underdiagnosed cause of knee pain in overweight women. Am Fam Physician 2016; 93:170.
Sapp GH, Herman DC Pay attention to the pes anserine in knee osteoarthritis. Curr Sports Med Rep 2018;17:41.
Koh WL, Kwek JW, Quek ST, Peh WC Clinics in diagnostic imaging (77): Pes anserine bursitis. Singapore Med J 2002;43: 485-91.
Lee JH, Lee JU, Yoo SW Accuracy and efficacy of ultrasound-guided pes anserinus bursa injection. J Clin Ultrasound 2019;47:77-82.
Gulabi D, Uysal MA, Akça A, Colak I, Çeçen GS, Gumustas S USG-guided injection of corticosteroid for lateral epicondylitis does not improve clinical outcomes: A prospective randomised study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2017;137:601-6.
Altman R, Asch E, Bloch D, Bole G, Borenstein D, Brandt K, Christy W, Cooke TD, Greenwald R, Hochberg M, Howell D. Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis: Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:1039-49.
Kellgren JH, Lawrence JS Radiological Assessment of Osteoarthritis. Rheumatisme Research Center; 1957. p. 498-9.
Roos EM, Lohmander LS The knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS): From joint injury to osteoarthritis. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2003;1:64.
Mortada M, Amer YA, Zaghlol RS Impact of ultrasonography-detected pes anserine bursitis on pain and function in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. Indian J Rheumatol 2020;15:73.
Finnoff JT, Nutz DJ, Henning PT, Hollman JH, Smith J Accuracy of ultrasound-guided versus unguided pes anserinus bursa injections. Pm R 2010;2:732-9.
Saggini R, Di Stefano A, Dodaj I, Scarcello L, Bellomo RG Pes anserine bursitis in symptomatic osteoarthritis patients: A mesotherapy treatment study. J Altern Complement Med 2015;21:480-4.
Khosrawi S, Taheri P, Ketabi M Investigating the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on reducing chronic pain in patients with pes anserine bursitis: A randomized, clinical-controlled trial. Adv Biomed Res 2017;6:70.
Sarifakioglu B, Afsar SI, Yalbuzdag SA, Ustaömer K, Bayramoğlu M Comparison of the efficacy of physical therapy and corticosteroid injection in the treatment of pes anserine tendino-bursitis. J Phys Ther Sci 2016;28:1993-7.
Mun JU, Cho HR, Choi YS, Kim YU Effect of multiple intra-articular injections of polynucleotides on treatment of intractable knee osteoarthritis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e9127.
Choudhary M
Gupta S
Gaur AK
local corticosteroid
Materials and Me...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Search for artifacts to break the power of a cursed gem.
Full access to House of 1000 Doors: The Palm of Zoroaster
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A cursed gem that has left a trail of smoldering bodies in its wake is threatening the residents of the House of 1000 Doors, prompting the head of the mystical dwelling, Gabriel, to once again summon Kate Reed to its aid. Guide Kate as she searches Tibet, Jerusalem, Madagascar and more for the artifacts that can break the power of the gem, solve a massive array of cleverly designed puzzles and find hundreds of ingeniously hidden objects.


text:
Priscilla Bearse
Lists Genealogy Notes
Charts Ancestors of Jennie Luene Logan
Priscilla Bearse, daughter of Augustine Bearse, was born at Barnstable, Barnstable Co., Massachusetts, 10 March 1643/44,1 and baptized there the next day.1 She died at Yarmouth, Barnstable Co., Massachusetts, 30 March 1712, age 68.2
Priscilla married John Hall, son of John Hall and Bethia (---), before 1661.3,4
Anderson noted, "In 1900 Edith G. L. Pecker stated that Priscilla "was probably Priscilla Bearse, daughter of Augustine Bearse of Barnstable, and born March 10 1643/4" [Gen Adv 3:97], and this suggestion has been picked up by others [Brainerd Anc 32]. This is an attractive hypothesis, but the full evidence is not seen."
That said, her age at death does lend some credence to this notion. Before 1875 when he died, Amos Otis provided his rationale for accepting Priscilla as a daughter of Austin Bearse, "Her age corresponds to that of Priscilla, daughter of Austin Bearse, and she names all her children excepting the first and last, after her brothers and sisters."3,5,2
John Hall b. 13 May 1638, d. 24 Oct 1710
Joseph Hall6 b. 29 Sep 1663, d. 29 Jan 1736/37
John Hall6 b. abt. 1666, d. 21 Mar 1734/35
Bethiah Hall+2 b. 15 Nov 1668, d. 8 Mar 1707/8
Priscilla Hall7 b. Feb 1671, d. 2 Jan 1724/25
Hestar Hall6 b. Apr 1672
Mary Hall6 b. 1 Mar 1673
Martha Hall8 b. 24 May 1676, d. 1734
Nathaniel Hall6 b. 15 Dec 1678
[S1203] Amos Otis and C. F. Swift, Genealogical Notes of Barnstable Families: being a reprint of the Amos Otis papers originally published in the Barnstable Patriot (1888-1890; reprint, Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing, 1979), 1:54, further cited as Otis and Swift, Notes of Barnstable Families.
[S1180] Robert Joseph Curfman, The Paddock Genealogy: Descendants of Robert Paddock of Plymouth Colony, Blacksmith and Constable, 1646 (Fort Collins, Colorado: p.p., 1977), 30, further cited as Curfman, Paddock Genealogy.
[S74] Robert Charles Anderson, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England 1620-1633, CD-ROM (Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2000), John Hall sketch, further cited as GMB.
[S1872] Clarence Almon Torrey, New England Marriages Prior to 1700, 3 vols. (Boston, Massachusetts: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2011), 682, further cited as Torrey, New England Marriages (2011).
[S1203] Otis and Swift, Notes of Barnstable Families, 1:451.
[S1204] George Ernest Bowman, "Yarmouth, Mass., Vital Records," The Mayflower Descendant 3 (Jan 1901), at 37, further cited as "Yarmouth Vital Records."
[S1180] Curfman, Paddock Genealogy, 32.


text:
HDR vs SDR
Updated Oct 06, 2022 at 05:56 pm
By Nicholas Di Giovanni
One of the biggest advances in TV technology in recent years is the development of High Dynamic Range (HDR) video formats. It enhances the picture quality in movies and shows by displaying a wider range of colors with brighter highlights compared to Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) content. However, even if a TV accepts an HDR signal, it doesn't mean that content automatically looks good, as the TV needs to display the image properly.
In this article, we'll look at a few aspects that make HDR content different from SDR.
See our recommendations for the best HDR TVs
What Is HDR?
HDR Image
SDR Image
HDR (High Dynamic Range), as the name suggests, introduces a wider range of colors and brightness levels compared to SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) signals. HDR signals send metadata to your TV, which is a list of instructions for the TV to display content properly. The source tells the TV what exact color to display at which exact brightness level, whereas SDR is limited to a range of brightness and colors. For example, with SDR, a car would be ordered to apply "full throttle" or "50% throttle." Instead, the HDR car would be asked to "go to 120 mph" and "go to 40 mph." Some vehicles would provide a worse experience than others working towards this task, and most might not even succeed. In the case of TVs, SDR is a specific set power, while HDR is a set goal.
You can see an example above of what an HDR image looks like compared to an SDR image on the same TV. The HDR image appears more life-like, and you can see more details in darker areas, like in the shadows of the cars. Having a TV with HDR support doesn't necessarily mean HDR content will look good, as you still need a TV that can display the wide range of colors and brightness required for good HDR performance.
Dynamic vs. Static Metadata
There are different types of HDR signals that can be sent, and they're either with static or dynamic metadata. Dynamic metadata changes on a scene-per-scene basis, while static metadata remains the same for the whole length of the movie or show you're watching. It means that if content uses dynamic metadata, it can lower its peak brightness for a darker scene and increase its brightness for a brighter scene to make highlights pop, so it has a clear advantage. With content that uses static metadata, the brightness remains the same throughout, meaning some scenes can be over-brightened or not dark enough.
Regardless, between static and dynamic HDR metadata, both get brighter than in SDR, which is one of the main advantages of watching HDR content over SDR. Both HDR and SDR are mastered at a certain peak brightness, but HDR is mastered at a minimum of 400 nits, while SDR is mastered at 100 nits. Because every TV hits 100 nits without issue, it's only brighter TVs that can take full advantage of the increased peak brightness in HDR.
The two most common dynamic metadata formats, Dolby Vision and HDR10+, each use dynamic metadata, while HDR10 is a static format that forms the basis of HDR signals. Despite the name similarities, HDR10 and HDR10+ are different formats. Some TVs support the two dynamic formats, HDR10+ and Dolby Vision, while others support one but not the other. While thinking about which format your TV supports is usually an afterthought, it's important to consider depending on which content you watch. For example, if you constantly stream content from Netflix in Dolby Vision and get a TV that only supports HDR10+, you won't be watching content to its full capabilities. The format doesn't affect the overall picture quality, but it limits you on which HDR content you can watch if your TV doesn't support the format.
When comparing metadata in HDR versus SDR, it's important to remember that HDR content is sent with a specific set of instructions for how the TV should display it, while SDR content uses the TV's processing to control more of the image. This is why not all TVs can display HDR content how it should look like.
Learn about the differences between HDR10, HDR10+, and Dolby Vision
Below, we'll discuss the three most important aspects of HDR content: the peak brightness, the color gamut, and the gradient handling.
HDR Image - Samsung QN90A QLED
Contrast: 26.534:1
Real Scene Brightness: 1,810 cd/m2
HDR Image - TCL 4 Series/S446 2021 QLED
Contrast: 1,253:1
Real Scene Brightness: 228 cd/m2
Peak brightness is probably one of the most important aspects of HDR. This is where high-end TVs have the biggest advantage, as HDR content makes use of their higher brightness capabilities to show lifelike highlights. If a TV has limited HDR peak brightness, it can't properly display all the highlights the content is supposed to show.
Having a high contrast ratio and a good local dimming feature is also important for delivering a good HDR experience because the TV can show bright and dark highlights without losing details. However, the contrast is independent of HDR, and you can still have deep blacks with SDR content.
Above, you can see what HDR looks like on a high-end TV like the Samsung QN90A QLED versus an entry-level TV like the TCL 4 Series/S446 2021 QLED. The Samsung has incredible contrast and high peak brightness, so it really makes the image pop, and you get a sense of how bright the hallway is. However, the TCL has low HDR peak brightness and low contrast, so it can't properly distinguish the bright and dark areas of the screen and doesn't even look like the lights are turned on. HDR is all about delivering a more impactful and vivid image, and the QN90A does exactly that.
Learn more about the HDR peak brightness
Color Gamut & Volume
Rec. 709 Color Space (SDR)
Rec. 2020 Color Space (HDR)
A TV's color gamut defines the range of colors it displays. There are two common color spaces used for HDR content: the DCI-P3 color space that's used in most HDR content and the Rec. 2020 color space that's slowly being included with more content. The difference between the two spaces is simply the number of colors each space covers, as Rec. 2020 is wider. Both of these cover a wider range of colors than in SDR. A TV needs to display a wide color gamut, as doing so helps improve the picture quality.
The color volume is the range of colors a TV displays at different luminance levels. So this is where the peak brightness and contrast help the TV, as a higher peak brightness helps it show bright shades, while a higher contrast is important if it needs to display darker colors.
Above, you can see two graphs of the Rec. 709 color space used in SDR content and the Rec. 2020 color space used in HDR. Rec. 2020 requires a lot more colors, which helps make images appear more life-like. Most modern TVs don't have any problems displaying all the colors necessary for SDR, but coverage of the wider color spaces can be a struggle for some TVs.
Learn more about the color gamut and the color volume
10-bit HDR Image
8-bit SDR Image
Gradient handling is a bit more technical than the peak brightness and color gamut. It defines how well a TV displays colors at different shades, and this is important for scenes with a sky or sunset. If your TV has good gradient handling, that means that the sky transitions between the different colors well, but if the TV has bad gradient handling, you'll see banding that can be distracting. Gradient handling is important for watching HDR content because HDR requires 10-bit color depth, and while most modern TVs can display a 10-bit signal, not all of them do it well. Color depth is the amount of information used to display a certain color, so a higher color depth holds more information. It's also why HDR content uses 10-bit color, while SDR has 8-bit color depth. Keep in mind that not all TVs that accept 10-bit signals have a 10-bit panel, as some use 8-bit panels with dithering to help display a 10-bit signal, but it doesn't affect the overall picture quality much.
If you look at the images above, you can see how there's much more banding in the orange sky on an 8-bit image versus a 10-bit image on the same TV. It's because 8-bit color depth has less information, meaning it can't properly display those minor color changes. Most modern TVs have good enough gradient handling, but there are a few where the banding is obvious. Below, you can see two examples of what good and bad gradient handling looks like on our gradient test pattern. There's clear banding on the right, especially in darker shades.
Best gradient handling - No banding
Sony A80J OLED
Worst gradient - Obvious banding
Samsung TU8000
Learn more about gradient handling
Although HDR was primarily designed for movies, it's made its way into video games. While you won't get the same fantastic HDR picture quality in games as in movies because games aren't mastered the same way as movies for the highest brightness possible, HDR games still deliver a better viewing experience than SDR games. Modern TVs are designed to have low input lag in HDR Game Mode, so you get the same responsive feel as if you were playing SDR games. However, there are some limitations with HDR gaming, as some TVs can't display 4k @ 120Hz signals in Dolby Vision from the Xbox Series X, so you're limited to 60 fps in that case.
How To Know If You're Watching Content In SDR Or HDR
So, after all this, when do you know if you're watching content in HDR or SDR? The simple answer is to know which type of content you're watching and look for any symbols that pop up. If you're streaming content from Netflix, you'll see a symbol to tell you which HDR format it's in, like HDR10 or Dolby Vision. Another way is to look at the TV settings menu and see if there's an HDR symbol in the picture settings.
If you see that the content you're watching is in SDR and want to change to HDR, first make sure the content is available in HDR before trying to switch. Check your TV's settings regarding the HDMI signal format or bandwidth (the exact name varies per brand), and make sure your TV is set to the highest signal format possible because HDR requires more bandwidth. If you're playing video games, you likely have to check the system or game settings to enable HDR. Of course, if your content doesn't support HDR, there's nothing you can do, and you're stuck in SDR.
HDR is a video signal that improves the overall picture quality by introducing brighter highlights and a wider range of colors compared to older movies that are in SDR. The peak brightness, color gamut, and color bit depth are all important to deliver an excellent HDR experience. HDR uses dynamic metadata to change the information it sends to the TV on a scene-per-scene basis so that the TV properly displays content at its correct brightness level. Every modern 4k TV supports HDR, but just because it supports the metadata doesn't mean HDR content looks good, as you need a bright TV with good contrast and a wide color gamut to deliver good HDR picture quality.


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text:
Håkan Jeppsson, född 6 maj 1961 i Malmö, död 6 december 2018, var en svensk fotbollsordförande och ordförande för Malmö FF mellan 2010 och 2018.

Som ung spelade han fotboll för Malmö FF och bordtennis för IK Pallas.

Jeppsson var även koncernchef för Inwido AB.

Referenser

Födda 1961
Män
Ordförande i Malmö FF
Svenska idrottsledare under 2000-talet
Personer inom Sveriges näringsliv
Spelare i Malmö FF
Idrottare från Malmö
Alumner från Lunds universitet
Avlidna 2018
Svenska fotbollsspelare
Svenska bordtennisspelare
Svenska idrottare under 1900-talet


text:
20/00060 - Adjustments to the Kent Test and Secondary Co-ordinated Admissions scheme as a result of COVID-19 restrictions
The Kent Test is an essential element of KCC's co-ordinated admissions process, assessing children's eligibility to apply for any of Kent's Grammar schools. It is defined within all Kent Grammar school admission arrangements as the method for identifying eligible candidates, even where grammar schools also offer their own selection test. KCC therefore has a legal responsibility to provide an assessment method:
o for the Kent Grammar schools for which it is the Admissions Authority (Dover Grammar School for Girls, Simon Langton Girls' Grammar School and Tunbridge Wells Grammar School for Boys), and
o for Kent's "own admission authority" grammar schools who also make use of the Kent Test.
The Kent Test is currently timetabled for 10 September 2020. The latest announcement by the Secretary of State for Education is that Government is no longer expecting all Primary aged pupils to have some time in school before the close of the current academic year. The wider reopening of schools in England is now being planned for the beginning of September. There remains the potential for the reintroduction of Covid-19 related restrictions which could further impact on the return to school of pupils and our ability to operate the Kent Test. KCC must also consider what impact an extended interruption to classroom teaching will have on those learners, ensuring that the assessment process remains as fair as possible within current limitations.
The proposed delay will allow KCC to take appropriate steps to ensure that the Kent Test can be delivered in the safest way possible, with sufficient social distancing controls in place, but also accounting for the unexpected educational environment that Year 5 pupils will have experienced in the lead up to taking part in the Kent Test.
The proposed delay will also provide an opportunity for all students to take part in school-based learning before undertaking the Kent Test, while still ensuring that the wider co-ordinated admissions timeline can be implemented to ensure that school offers are made on 1 March 2021.
To account for the fact that, on this occasion, parents would not have their child's test result by the National Closing Date for admission applications, the proposed increase to the number of permitted school preferences will enable parents who are uncertain of their child's eligibility for a grammar school to name up to two without reducing the number of non-selective schools on their application. Parents who are not considering a grammar school for their child will also have six preferences to ensure fairness across the co-ordinated process.
Legal Implications
KCC, in accordance with statutory requirements, determined its co-ordinated admissions scheme for 2021 intake into Secondary schools on 22 January 2020, which defined the process for entry into secondary schools including the Kent Test. This includes the dates by which parts of the process will happen, including the Kent Test. These proposals change relevant aspects of that determined scheme.
KCC is obliged to ensure a process remains available to identify children who are eligible for a place in Kent Grammar schools.
The School Admissions Code (2014) requires selective admission authorities to take all reasonable steps to provide applicants with the result of any assessment before National Closing Date for Secondary Admissions applications (31 October 2020). KCC's original determined scheme provided applicants their results on 15 October 2020. Proposals will result in test outcomes being delayed until late November. As this proposed decision is developed further, KCC continues to engage with the DfE on relevant considerations for balancing the need to comply with existing legal obligations and statutory requirements with the particular challenges caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic, which need to be resolved to deliver an outcome that minimises negative impacts on parents and children.
Decision due: Not before 20th Jul 2020 by Cabinet Member for Education and Skills
In order that the proposed decision can be published for a minimum of 28 days, in accordance with statutory requirements
Lead member: Cabinet Member for Education and Skills
Lead director: Matt Dunkley CBE
Contact: David Adams, Director of Education Email: david.adams@kent.gov.uk Tel: 01233 898559.
The ability to consult more widely will be limited as a result of the restricted timescales in which a decision will need to be made, however, stakeholders will be consulted as far as reasonably possible.
Cabinet Committee Members will be consulted remotely as per current non-Executive Member engagement arrangements.
Financial implications: It is expected that there will be an increased cost for the Kent Test due to need to provide social distancing within test centres for out-county pupils, which will reduce the number of students who can be tested within a session and increase the number of invigilators required.
Legal implications: See main Description Section
Equalities implications: The Kent Test assessment process remains unchanged and so any consideration of equality implications is limited to those that directly result from a potential change in delivery date. It is likely that most students will benefit from the additional time to settle back into normal school life. In particular, those learners who have had limited access to education options during the lockdown period should benefit.
22/07/2020 - 20/00060 - Adjustments to the Kent Test and Secondary Co-ordinated Admissions scheme as a result of COVID-19 restrictions


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Raising Pidsinee
A single father being given God's strength.
Home >Pray & Connect >Blog >Raising Pidsinee
Roz Walsh
Tuangporn Wiroonchatapunth
child survival programme, Father's Day, Fathers, Thailand
13 adorably cute baby smiles!20 January 2020
How Zika changed Bryan's life forever15 August 2017
Heavy rains in low-lying areas of southeastern Thailand10 August 2017
In the lush rolling hills of northern Thailand, a healthy baby girl called Pidsinee was born to the delight of her parents, Somporn and Sopak. Of the Karen tribe, 22-year-old Somporn and 18-year-old Sopak dreamt of having a large family and growing old together. But only four months later, Somporn found himself as a single father.
Sopak contracted Japanese Encephalitis and developed a high fever. Driving through rough jungle terrain, Somporn took his wife to a large hospital in Chiang Mai but within a few hours of arriving, Sopak passed away. "The doctor said that there was nothing he could do to save her," says Somporn. "How I prayed, every day, for my wife. But God did not come to her rescue. I could think of nothing, just wondering how it all happened. How could one die so easily?" It was only four months after Pidsinee had arrived in the world. Somporn drove home to his daughter, the seat empty beside him.
At the funeral was Phongphet, the project director of the Bethania Church Child Survival Programme. "I remember that Somporn came home with his head hanging down. He seemed lost. Pidsinee was extraordinary quiet too, like she knew what was happening," Phongphet says. "When I saw this, I suddenly thought of our programme. With no stable income and little knowledge of childcare, it could be the answer for him."
Since 2011, Bethania Church Child Survival Programme has reached out to caregivers and babies in the multi-racial communities of Karen, Hmong and Thai in northern Thailand. Somporn was registered as the one and only male caregiver in that project, along with his infant daughter Pidsinee.
"Initially, we taught him about practical skills and provided for his immediate needs to better care for his child," says Phongphet. Somporn learnt about personal hygiene, child-care techniques and household safety as well as receiving monthly food boxes to help his family survive. Somporn also found a safe haven to share about the problems he encounters as a young single father.
"Raising Pidsinee has not been easy," Somporn says. "If I were to do it by myself, I would never have made it on my own. But with the help from the Child Survival programme, and my parents, life is getting better."
Somporn has also passed on what he has learnt to his parents. "I taught them how to prepare a bottle, as well as how to clean it," says Somporn. "In our house, there is one corner used only to wash the bottles. No one is allowed to cook or boil anything in this area."
With the help of the local church and the Child Survival Programme, Somporn's life is gradually turning around. Phongphet says, "Somporn saw how we had helped him; how we did not just pray for him and left doing nothing. He saw that we lived out our faith through action. When he witnessed this, it brought encouragement and peace to him. Now he smiles more and has the strength to keep raising Pidsinee as best as he can."
Find out more about Child Survival


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In-depth / Family
Volunteer Work Enriches Family's Happiness
ByZi Su January 19, 2023
Every child has a loving heart and the sense of shouldering his/her responsibility. Every woman can make outstanding achievements in her life. Every family can create its own happiness. Zheng Chunling remembers how excited she was, in August 2008, when she became a volunteer for the Summer Olympics, held in Beijing. She has since been named a "five-star volunteer" and a "most beautiful volunteer" of the Chinese capital. During the past 13 years, Zheng's participation in various volunteer activities has brought remarkable changes to her life; meanwhile, the voluntary services, provided by her, has enriched the happiness she has enjoyed with her family.
Zheng gave birth to her daughter, Li Dongman, in 2001. After Zheng's six months of maternal leave ended, she discussed with her husband, Li Hui, what she should do next. Li Hui worked for a media outlet, and he often traveled outside Beijing on business. Zheng eventually decided to quit her job and stay at home — to be a fulltime mother, so she could concentrate on taking care of their child. Since then, many people have come to know Zheng as "Dongman's Mom."
Becoming Volunteers
In 2008, Li Dongman was in the first grade of primary school. In May that year, a magnitude-8 earthquake ravaged Wenchuan, in Southwest China's Sichuan Province. When Li Dongman's school was collecting donations, Zheng asked her daughter, "How much would you like to donate?" The little girl answered, "Five yuan (71 US cents)." Zheng asked if her daughter would donate more. Li Dongman hesitated, but eventually said, "How about six yuan (86 US cents)?" Zheng thought about the tiny gap — one yuan (14 US cents) more — and then decided she should do something to improve the family education she could provide to her daughter.
Beijing hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics in August. Zheng thought the Olympics would be a good opportunity to raise her daughter's awareness of shouldering her social responsibility — by volunteering to work for the grand sports games. Since then, and with the support of Li Hui, Zheng and Li Dongman have volunteered for various events and causes.
For example, they have visited residential communities, to advocate environmentally friendly lifestyles; they have become volunteer tour guides, in the Capital Museum of China; they have donated books to left-behind children, in Northwest China's Qinghai Province or in Southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region; they have participated in storytelling events, held specially for children of migrant workers; and, they have accompanied patients suffering from the rare disease osteogenesis imperfect (OI, a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones, and OI patients are known as "porcelain dolls") during their visits to Olympic Forest Park.
Development of Xinfeiyang
In 2014, Zheng established Beijing Xinfeiyang Teen Volunteers League, based in Xicheng District. Li Hui helped her organize a series of cultural activities, to help promote the spirit of volunteerism.
In 2015, a charitable program was launched under the Increasing Love for Decreasing AIDS Fund. Through this program, Zheng and her husband helped collect more than one million yuan (US $142,857), to support mothers and children in Africa affected by HIV/AIDS. Zheng introduced the program to several mothers from Zimbabwe. The mothers from Africa were grateful. Li Dongman, who was in middle school that year, participated in her school's charitable bazaar, and she helped raise money to support the program. Both Zheng and Li Hui were glad to see their daughter had learned to make contributions, and to shoulder her responsibility and help people in need.
From 2015 to 2019, Li Hui helped his wife build up connections with a welfare institution in Xuchang (a city in Central China's Henan Province), the women's federation of Haibei (a Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Qinghai Province), and the committee of the Communist Youth League in Jiangjin (a district of Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality). Working with them, Zheng led volunteers from Beijing to visit left-behind children in those places, and together they donated clothes and raised money to build reading rooms for those children.
During the past eight years, members of Beijing Xinfeiyang Teen Volunteers League have visited more than 30 nursing homes in Beijing, and the capital's neighboring areas.
Li Hui has been named a "five-star volunteer" of Beijing. Zheng is not only a "five-star volunteer," she is also a "most beautiful volunteer" of the Chinese capital.
Most Beautiful Family
Zheng and five other fulltime mothers form the management team of Beijing Xinfeiyang Teen Volunteers League. Since the league was formed, they have led approximately 10,000 families in Beijing in participating in various volunteer activities. The families help combine family education with school education and social education, and they pass on family virtues and learn from each other, to create a harmonious social atmosphere.
Li Dongman, now 20, is also a "five-star volunteer" and a "most beautiful volunteer" of the Chinese capital. In 2017, she established an international volunteers' service union, SOWER, through which she has led more than 1,000 teens in providing volunteer services. For example, they have donated vaccine storage boxes to Zimbabwe, to help children receive secure vaccinations. Last year, Li Dongman led a 40-person team of volunteers in participating in the "food system dialogue" organized by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The Chinese youth shared stories about their home country in saving food.
Beijing Xinfeiyang Teen Volunteers League has 16,000-plus registered volunteers. Zheng's family was named a "most beautiful family" and a "most beautiful volunteers' family" of the Chinese capital in 2018. Earlier this year, the family was selected a National Most Beautiful Family.
"We have obtained fruitful results — which exceeded our expectations — by integrating voluntary service into our family education and the building of our family," says Zheng. "A fulltime mother, as I am, has had the opportunity to make remarkable achievements. My child has learned to show her loving heart, and to shoulder her responsibility. My husband and I have learned to better understand and respect each other."
Adds Li Hui: "Participation in volunteer work helps children and teenagers grow into better persons. We are happy because we are volunteers, who acquire joy by making contributions."
Photos Supplied by Interviewee
(Women of China English Monthly December 2022 issue)
December Issue, 2022
November Issue, 2022


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current build systems that use Makefiles to build lisp, boot or spad.
The dumping of images is another sticky point I haven't gotten to yet.
Some folks seem inclined to avoid Lisp as much as possible.
so I'm doing what I can to make it work.
out some mechanisms to see how well they work.
best to handle that issue.


Two regular PCs directly connected by a network cable are much faster than the other commercial FDTD GPU workstation. The cost of two PCs is just a small fraction of the GPU workstation.
GEMS is used to predict the RCS (Radar Cross Section) of a dielectric sphere when a plane wave illumines on it. GEMS results match well with the MIE solution.
A half wavelength dipole is simulated by using GEMS to demonstrate GEMS Performance. The far field and impedance are in good agreement with the analytic value.
Use IEEE 1528 Standards to validate GEMS accuracy for 1-g SAR, 10-g SAR, local peak SAR, and 3-D SAR distribution.
The EBG structure includes 6-layer infinitely long dielectric cylinders. Periodic boundary condition is used to truncate the EBG element. The output parameters are reflection and transmission coefficients.
Two laptop computers connected a network cable to simulate CPW fed Bow-Tie slot antenna. Two laptop computers can speed up the simulation two times.


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The ABC of Content: Authentic, Bold, Culture-driving
Chanpreet Arora, CEO, VICE India talks about how authentic storytelling has become a mandatory prerequisite for brands, platforms, media professionals and producers as the young digital-first subscriber has taken center stage in all content marketing efforts.
"Tell me a story." - Pat Conroy
The above is probably one of the most powerful statements in English and possibly the most relevant when it comes to consumers seeking content today. While the environment or platforms for storytelling and delivery might have changed drastically, the one ingredient that makes any content or story appealing is its authenticity. It is this ingredient that bridges the gap between 'content and conversation' and 'chatter and connection'.
Authentic storytelling has become a mandatory prerequisite for brands, platforms, media professionals and producers as the young digital-first subscriber has taken center stage in all content marketing efforts. It is estimated that by 2020, India expects 4 million digital-only consumers* primarily due to availability of niche content, entry of global content players, aggressive OTT drive, and falling data charges. At the same time, a giant wave of Gen Z population is demanding brands and media to service its content needs in a completely new format. In such a scenario, there exists almost a spirit of chaos - brand custodians wanting to create more content, OTT players bringing in more original concepts, media publishing houses looking at more micro-content, influencers gunning for digital-first fame, and so on.
We are all fundamentally running the same race of winning the attention of the young digital citizens but how many of us have truly realised that this is not a sprint but a marathon; one that requires true long-term commitment, honest evaluation of one's strengths and a support network that is reliable. And, while there are a million guidebooks and content marketing hacks, the one litmus test that our content efforts need to pass is the culture test. Reflecting culture through content using topical moments is no longer enough, we need to think about how we can, in our respective capacities, contribute actively to a cultural wave.
Let's look at this in a setting that is relevant today. When it comes to popular entertainment, hip-hop and rap are ruling the charts with the release of Gully Boy and with Ranveer Singh's active involvement in embracing the main character of the film. Similarly, e-sports/gaming has earned unimaginable traction in the last couple of years inviting multiple stakeholders to taste a piece of the pie. Both these represent ideal situations for multiple players to jump in and have an authentic dialogue but passing the culture test is imperative.
Is the objective/intent to tell my story clear from the beginning? Will I be able to measure it in some unit?
Does my content speak the language of the consumer?
Is my story allowing the consumer to relate to its characters/situations?
Is the purpose of the story to add value to the consumers' time spent?
For the uninitiated, is my story paving the path to a new area of interest?
Without largely positive answers to the aforesaid questions, there's a high possibility that our content creation efforts might result in a story that's lost in the topical clutter with minimum/negligible impact on the lives of the consumers.
Being a part of one of world's largest youth media brands that has contributed boldly to the culture of news and storytelling, the cheat-sheet to pass the culture test comprises of the following:
Data and trends may lie: For a cultural wave that's just setting in, there isn't tangible data available to prove its future mainstream success. We need to be looking at nascent interest zones that hold potential by talking to insiders, communities, artists, and more.
Invest in the future: When Gen Z is going to be the largest existing mass audience that's existed on our planet in the near future, we will engage them to tell us how to think ahead and what platforms of content delivery to adopt.
Honesty is still the best policy: We cannot embrace a trend or a movement without admitting how much we know about it; our audience is smart to gather naivety in communication and delivery of content.
Make friends in the network: Content realises its full potential only when it is delivered in an environment that the target audience is comfortable with. Being omnipresent is key.
Invest in a dedicated voice: A piece of content is only a link in the chain. Investing in a dedicated voice that addresses an issue, an ask or a cultural trend on an on-going basis reduce the pressure of performance and instead shows commitment to an audience segment.
Customise your brand's success: Instead of looking at evaluation parameters which have been created to suit advertising or a particular platform, devise and create trackable parameters which matter to the brand.
Above all, we all play a very significant role in defining what our young audience will believe in and expect from the future of content and entertainment. If something really interrogates a story, an issue or a part of culture that young people care about, in an authentic way, then they will watch it and not care about which brand paid for its creation. Entertainment will surely trump.
Topic and comment


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'She can beat any of the top bowlers here'
Willie Theis
Mesquite Bowling
It's never a yawner when Sandy Sheppard is on the lanes. She's one of the best in all of Southern Nevada. On bowling's biggest stage in the Silver State, the 2017 Nevada State Open Championship, she's currently in fifth place in All Events.
So, it comes as no surprise she captured the coveted high average crown in Mesquite women's bowling for the 2016-17 season with a 195. In 11 of her 27 City High Rollers League outings, she had a 600 series, and over the course of 81 games, knocked down 15,815 pins. Amazingly, at 3.8 pounds per pin, she flattened an eye-popping 60,097 pounds worth of sticks.
Sheppard, a fan of the Denver Broncos and Colorado Rockies, has a career-high 749 series and 297 game.
Her smooth delivery and virtually flawless mechanics are Top 10 among all bowlers in Mesquite.
"Sandy is better than 90 percent of the men and, on any given day, she can beat any of the top bowlers here, including me," said the best bowler in Mesquite, Darwin Wimer.
However, along with the accolades, it should also be noted her current skills and delivery were not gifts from the bowling deities. In fact, in stark contrast to the accomplished bowler you see today, she actually threw a back-up ball until age 34. However, with her game seemingly stuck in neutral, she instinctively knew a major change was needed.
So, she first had her husband (Dean) teach her how to throw a hook and use a fingertip bowling ball. Next, years of practice followed, and paved the way in her becoming the outstanding bowler you see today.
Sheppard exudes a ton of confidence on the lanes, but does so in a quiet and unpretentious manner. But once she puts on her wrist brace and steps on the approach, the sound of falling timber 60 feet away can be heard throughout a bowling center.
Meanwhile, Holly Roth finished with the second-highest average, a 177. She's a very good bowler with tons of ball speed. Mary Ann Davis and Vickie Martinsen each finished with a 176. Gayla Ruesch followed with a 172, Dee Day a 169 and Karyl Moeller a 169. Thanh Roth (15.19) improved her average the most of any woman, followed by Wendy D'Ambrosio (13.57) and Jane Burgoyne (13.29).
The high game of the year was a 258 by Martinsen, followed by Debbie Hansen (257), Linda Robertson (252), Dee Day (248) and Davis (246). Sheppard also had a 246, followed by Maria Flynn (244), Reiko Schultz (243) and Marty Rapson (238).