CAPTION: A station wagon in use in North Africa by a Special Liaison Unit, probably Phantom (GHQ Liaison Regt.) I am not sure which model is shown here. The WD number appears on the right side of the tail panel, but is illegible on my print. Photo from Ultra Goes to War.
Station wagons were often used as staff cars. Their use in North Africa was fairly common.
Canada made several versions. Often the question is asked, "How many were built?" I do not know.
Of the 857,970 military military vehicles built by Canada during World war II (1939-1945), just under 10% were "Station Wagons, Staff Cars and Miscellaneous 4 x 2s." They comprised 9.55% of Canadian production. 81,942 of all of these types and makes were made.
The 7 passenger model was built on a car chassis and used 6.00×16 tires. These tended to have a roof rack.
The 5 passenger C11ADF was built with right hand drive on a truck chassis and used 9.00×13 tires.
The most famous C11ADF still survives. It is Field Marshall Alexander's staff car. It is presently on display in Vimy House of the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa. In North Africa, it was converted to a convertible, and the doors were sealed shut (I presume to give the body some strength as the pillars and roof were gone). I do not think it was armoured as the Canadian War Museum's web site was saying.
The car was restored by the Canadian Army for the CWM back in the 1960s (?). A photograph of tradesmen clambering over it showed up in an old SENTINEL magazine. That photo and the CWM photos show the brass plaque detailing its history.
According to Dr. Bill Gregg (I believe this is where I heard it), Alexander brought the vehicle to Canada when he was Governor General of Canada after WWII. It was too cold for the harsh Canadian winters so he apparently traded it to Ford Motor Company for a modern enclosed car. Ford later gave it to the Canadian War Museum.
Dr. Gregg told me about 1985 that he had located the war time driver of this vehicle as Alexander kept the same driver throughout North Africa, Sicily and Italy, and Canada. Details that emerged were that the weapons clips on the side upper sills have disappeared at some point. Bill told me that the CWM refused to bother to go to interview this man who drove their most historic vehicle through so many campaigns and miles. Bill also told me that the number on it now is incorrect. The correct WD number is M1308323 (M= Motorcar) although at least one WWII photo shows it as L1308323 (Same number but with an incorrect L for Lorry code letter instead of M for some unknown reason!). The number was repeated in Arabic on the Egyptian licence plate. Bill's story is that when the CWM had the vehicle repainted, the painter was Arabic. He did not write down the number on the hood, but simply translated it from the licence plate – which appears to have had an incorrect number in the Arabic version! It now reads 1307323 instead of M1308323. Although the CWM has been told of this error years ago, they have not corrected it yet as far as I know.
When CWM described this car on their web site in the late 1990s, they had several; errors. One was that they claimed the doors were sealed to make it more impregnable. I do not believe this. They also did not mention that it was MADE IN CANADA, simply saying that it was made in North America.
Why is this CANADIAN MADE very historic car not in an honoured place in the CWM galleries and Hitler's car is? That is for CWM to answer.
The car is almost unguarded now and one of the two flag staffs has now been stolen.
C11ADF 5 passenger station wagon – Data Book 1944, page __. (Bill Gregg reprint which has an unretouched version of the photograph.) WD number CM1165332.
C11ADF listing in the British Army Data Book of 1945 pages 228-229 (page 111 in the reprint of 1983).
Bart Vanderveen's page on these vehicles in his THE OBSERVER'S FIGHTING VEHICLES DIRECTORY WORLD WAR II – REVISED 1972.
C11ADF station wagon with War Department number CM1165332. Photo taken in the UK in early 1944 I believe.
The original WD number of M1308323 is legible.
Field Marshall Viscount Alexander's staff car. As it was on display in the main Canadian War Museum building in 1967 or earlier as it also appeared in the 1967 CWM Guidebook page 31. [CWM photo from VINTAGE CANADA p. 6 Vol. 3 No. 1 September 1976) It is shown here with the incorrect WD number of 1307323.
Field Marshall Viscount Alexander's staff car. As it was on display in the main Canadian War Museum building in 1973 or earlier as it appeared in the 1973 CWM Guidebook page 33. They mention that he served as Governor General from 1946 to 1952. Here it has the incorrect WD number 1307323.
Field Marshall Viscount Alexander's staff car. As it was on display in the main Canadian War Museum building sometime after 1973 and before 1986 as it appeared in the undated guidebook page 42 with CWM sign, front of building, Sherman & Rheintocter missile on cover. Here it still has the incorrect WD number 1307323.
Field Marshall Alexander's staff car – a cut down C11ADF, but certainly the most historic survivor. – Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA.
Canadian C11ADF hulk ex-Nanaimo, and a body of a US Navy model salvaged by Harry from the Yukon. Harry Eisenman, in Port Coquitlam or Coquitlam BC, CANADA sold it unrestored to a collector in British Columbia Canada Interior who was going to restore it as a civilian "Woody" unfortunately.
From Hanno Spoelstra in the Netherlands.
"2002 AUGUST (on Maple Leaf Up Forum — Thank you very much for your Station Wagons page. It does help clearing up some points. However, I wonder if there was a difference between chassis types: as far as I can ascertain the Station Wagons with 9.00-13″ tyres only had heavier axles (same as F8?), not a heavier (truck) chassis.
But what about the "D", "S" and "F" – do they denote special equipment? Am I right "D" stands for the 'ruggedized' version with 9.00-13″ tyres and heavier axles? If so, "S" might stand for standard tyre size (6.00-16″).
No doubt this list can be corrected and/or extended! Can anyone please help?
Pictures of the C11ADF show it with 9.00-13″ tyres. Vanderveen notes the C11ADF has a "full-floating truck-type rear axle with open propeller shaft and semi-epileptic springs (as Ford C011DF – F8)". My guess is the "D" denotes the 13″ tyre + F8 rear axle combo.
The "S" probably denotes Standard, as in fitted with 6.00-16″ tyres. What did the standard 1941-42 car axle setup look like? Transverse leaf spring with propeller shaft running down a torque tube?
I guess both types had a front axle with transverse leaf spring, common on Fords of that era.
Re. the F stands for right-hand drive: this would mean the C11AD and C11AS were left-hand drive Wagons similar to their US counterparts, supplied for domestic use. Reading Vanderveen's and Crismon's books, I don't think the US military used the Ford Station Wagon. Not in substantial numbers anyway; their 1/2-ton Dodges would have catered for the "8-cwt Heavy Utility" type of vehicle class. Could that mean surviving left-hand drive 1941-42 Ford Woodies are likely be Canadian MCP Fords?!? Here's hoping the article "1941-42 War (Station) Wagons" in Military Vehicles Magazine will answer some questions (Tom Campbell is sending me a photocopy).


Dawn Eagle is accepting applications for PhD students.
How does the brain control impulsive and compulsive actions and stop inappropriate or unwanted behaviour? This question is relevant to many illnesses where brain function is altered (e.g,. ADHD, Parkinson's disease, OCD, schizophrenia, compulsive gambling, eating disorders and drug addiction), each of which has symptoms of excessive or unwanted impulsive/compulsive behaviour.
Models of rodent behaviour permit us to study the anatomy and pharmacology of inhibitory failure in great detail. We develop behavioural tests that can be used in rats and mice to analyse drug actions on behaviour and often these behavioural methods can translate directly with patient assessment in the clinic. This may improve the development of treatment strategies that would not otherwise be possible or practical from studies of patient populations alone.


Now that the first main treehouse beam was up in the tree and (more or less) secure with webbing, it was time to attach it permanently.
Some of the things I'd be hauling into the tree. Notice all my tools have safety lines on them -- it's no fun dropping things you need. However I can report that a steel pipe wrench dropped into a flower bed from 30 feet will bury itself about five inches into the dirt, so there's that.
The big lag screws needed to be pre-drilled; I'd ordered a long 1-inch diameter auger bit, with the thought that since the wood was living and fairly soft, it would be a good fit for the 1.25" diameter lag bolts. A good fit, but tight; I knew I'd need a lot of force to screw it a foot or more into the tree, so I'd be bringing a large steel pipe wrench. For the drilling itself I'd be hauling up a corded drill for the extra power; rounding out my tool bag for the day were a small level and several additional tie-down straps, for whatever came up. You can never have too many tie-down straps when you're building a treehouse.
I knew I'd need to be able to put weight behind the drill to make things work; I'd be going through the 2x12 beam as well as the tree, and it needed to be a straight and level hole. Putting weight behind anything when you're hanging from a rope is a bit of a challenge (thanks to Newton's laws of motion), and after an hour or so of trying different branches and hanging in different ways, it became clear I wasn't going to be able to drill into the tree without coming at it from a direction where there wasn't anyplace to stand.
So I picked up a 40-foot extension ladder, barely used. I figured since I was going to be the proud owner of a 30-foot-tall treehouse, it wouldn't necessarily be the craziest investment ever.
Myself, I can't stand working on ladders. No matter how well they're secured, I just can't seem to calm down and trust them. In this case I fortunately had a ready-made solution; once I got the ladder in place, I went up while tied safely into my rope rig and strapped the top of the ladder right to the tree. I staked the bottom to the grass as well, and as a final safety measure decided I'd stay roped-in even on the ladder, so I wound up feeling pretty good about things.
As good as you can feel on a long ladder that got bouncier the higher you went up, that is.
I was really sure that the 40-foot ladder would be the tipping point at which random passers-by would start asking what I was up to. It wasn't, no one seemed interested.
I don't have any photos of myself drilling the hole, but it was fairly exciting. After I got up there, I pulled up the drill and other tools, put the auger bit in, checked the level, and started drilling. Fortunately for me, it went in (and out) smoothly; I might've been in a bit of a pickle had it bound up in any way.
Next I hauled up the pipe wrench — that big steel thing was heavy, and exhausting to work with. I slipped the black square washer onto the lag bolt and hand-twisted it an inch or so through the 2x12 and into the tree. As I put the pipe wrench up to the bolt, it suddenly became apparent that because of the way the branches were growing at this spot, I'd have to push up on the wrench to tighten the bolt — while standing on the wobbly ladder. This tuckered me out after just a few minutes, and after less than an inch of progress into the tree, so I clambered up off the ladder and wedged myself in between a few branches.
There was just enough room to slip the wrench in between the tree and the beam — I wanted the beam to be a few inches from touching the bark anyhow, and the distance also ensured the beam would move freely, so I could adjust the whole beam and make it level from the other end.
Every bit as unnerving and cumbersome as it looks.
It was the best way to do it, but even this turned out to be hard work. I had the wrench between my knees and was literally pulling as hard as I could to turn the bolt into the tree. And, of course, it was a hot day with no breeze.
Eventually I'd managed to get the bolt as far in as I imagined possible — and, with more than a foot of it buried into the tree and rock-solid, I decided that was plenty. Here's what it looked like from the ground.
Black square washers say "I meant it to look this way."
Next up was the "adjustable" side, which would also act as my insurance policy against the tree destroying the treehouse.
Did I miss you explain why you couldn't use socket wrench?
No reason other than availability and leverage; I had 36" pipe wrenches available, and didn't have a socket big enough to fit (or long enough to turn) the bolt.


LOS ANGELES -- One person was killed and three others were wounded early Thursday evening in a shooting in the Broadway-Manchester area, near the route where thousands had earlier lined streets for the funeral procession of slain rapper Nipsey Hussle.
The shooting occurred about 6:25 p.m. in the area of 103rd and Main streets, according to Los Angeles Police Department Officer Jeff Lee.
All four were taken to a hospital, Lee said.
LAPD Chief Michel Moore tweeted that the victims were three men and one woman between 30 and 50 years old and that one of them had died.
"In the midst of this procession we have a multi-4 Shooting at 103 St and Main St.," he tweeted, adding, "Suspects in a gray Hyundai opened fire on the victims."
The extent of the wounded victims' injuries were not immediately available.
"We must stop this senseless violence," Moore tweeted.
Although the procession had passed near the shooting scene, it was not in the area when the shooting occurred, police said. There were no indications the shooting was related to the procession, the Los Angeles Times reported.


text:
In storytelling, the heroine's journey is a female-centric version of the Hero's journey template developed and inspired by various authors who felt that the Hero's Journey did not fully encompass the journey that a female protagonist goes through in a story.

The heroine's journey came about in 1990 when Maureen Murdock, a Jungian psychotherapist and a student of Joseph Campbell, published a self-help book called The Heroine's Journey: Woman's Quest for Wholeness in response to Campbell's Hero's Journey model. She developed the guide while working with her female patients. Murdock stated that the heroine's journey is the healing of the wounding of the feminine that exists deep within her and the culture. Murdock explains, "The feminine journey is about going down deep into soul, healing and reclaiming, while the masculine journey is up and out, to spirit."

Other authors such as Victoria Lynn Schmidt have created similar versions of the Heroine's Journey based on Murdock's. Schmidt's version changes some stages of Murdock's to help the model fit a bigger range of topics and experiences.

Maureen Murdock's version of the heroine's journey
Murdock's model describes the female experience of a psycho-spiritual journey. Murdock proposed a cycle of eight stages. Like the Hero's Journey, these stages are able to be removed and switched around as necessary. It begins with the breaking away from feminine ideals and the turning towards the patriarchal values. Then comes the experience of spiritual death, and turning inward to reclaim the power and spirit of the sacred feminine. The ending stages consist of union of both the masculine and feminine values.

Shift from feminine to masculine
The heroine begins to distance herself from anything deemed feminine. Often it can be portrayed as a mother figure or a traditionally female role in society. The mother will be a representation of everything the heroine hates about her femininity. The mother may also be perfect, causing the heroine to reject her femininity out of feelings of inferiority.

Winkle: "During stage one, the heroine rejects the feminine in favor of the masculine. She may still be tied to the feminine, but she increasingly resents that attachment."

Identification with the masculine
The heroine begins to identify with external masculine values. This can be portrayed as a father figure or a traditionally male role in society. The father will be a representation of freedom from the mother figure. The father would praise the heroine for her strength, but also ridicule her for her femininity. The heroine will leave her feminine values behind completely and embrace the masculine values instead.

Murdock: "This stage involves an Identification with the Masculine, but not one's inner personal masculinity. Rather, it is the outer patriarchal masculine whose driving force is power. An individual in a patriarchal society is driven to seek control over themselves and others in an inhuman desire for perfection."

Road of trials
Similar to the Hero's Journey, the heroine faces obstacles that lead to character development. These tasks will be related to gaining success, achieving higher status, and empowerment. Contrary to the Hero's Journey, the heroine also struggles with inner conflict. These tasks will be related to conquering preconceived notions of dependency, love, and inferiority.

Winkle: "By stage three, the heroine has faced great trials and emerged victorious. She feels the thrill of success, and her confidence is bolstered by the applause of others. She has built an impressive, masculine reputation."

Experiencing the illusory boon of success
The heroine will overcome the obstacles that she faced. Upon experiencing success, the heroine will realize she has betrayed her own values in order to achieve the goal. The heroine will feel limited in her new life.

Murdock: "She has achieved everything she set out to do, but it has come at great sacrifice to her soul. Her relationship with her inner world is estranged. She feels oppressed but doesn't understand the source of her victimization."

The descent/meeting with the goddess
Crisis falls upon the heroine and the masculine traits she has learned fail. The crisis can be death in the family, mental or physical disabilities, or loss of self identity. Here the heroine must reconcile with her feminine side. The heroine meets with a goddess figure, who represents all the positive values of femininity she has left behind. After this meeting, she is inspired to return to femininity.

Yearning for the reconnect
The heroine wants to reconnect with her feminine side and may try to rekindle a bond between herself and the mother. She may also try to go back to her previous style of living. However, the heroine will discover that she is not able to return to the old lifestyle she once lived. However, the heroine will see her old values and traits from a different perspective.

Reconciliation with the masculine
Another crisis falls upon the heroine and she must look inward and understand the masculine part of her identity. She will recognize that there are positives and negatives to her masculinity.

Murdock: "The next stage involves Healing the Unrelated or Wounded Aspects of her Masculine Nature as the heroine takes back her negative projections on the men in her life. This involves identifying the parts of herself that have ignored her health and feelings, refused to accept her limits, told her to tough it out, and never let her rest. It also involves becoming aware of the positive aspects of her masculine nature that supports her desire to bring her images into fruition, helps her to speak her truth and own her authority."

The union
In the final stage, the heroine fully accepts and understands both sides of her true nature. She will find balance between both sides and actively work towards keeping that balance.

Murdock: "The heroine must become a spiritual warrior. This demands that she learn the delicate art of balance and have the patience for the slow, subtle integration of the feminine and masculine aspects of her nature."

Victoria Lynn Schmidt's version of the heroine's journey
Victoria Lynn Schmidt wrote two versions of a character's journey: The Feminine and the Masculine Journey. She published her version in 2001 in her book: 45 Master Characters. The most noticeable differences were the circular nature and that the female had to prove herself to herself. Schmidt's version is commonly used in writing as opposed to Murdock's version. Similar to the Hero's Journey, the stages can be interchanged and repeatable.

Illusion of the perfect world
The heroine believes the world she lives in is perfect. She has deluded herself into thinking everything will turn out fine. The heroine may acknowledge that the world is not ideal, but has some kind of coping mechanism to deal with this fact. These mechanisms may be naivety, denial, or subservience.

Betrayal/disillusionment
A crisis befalls the heroine in which her coping mechanisms fail her and the illusion of the perfect world is shattered. The crisis may be a personal betrayal, realization of the false world view, or her coping mechanisms become unhealthy.

The awakening
At first, the heroine may not want to accept her current state of being, but will decide to do something about her conflict. She will receive discouragement from others, but she knows she cannot remain in the illusion. The heroine will be searching for external means of help and guidance. The heroine may often bring tools from her perfect world to help her along her journey.

The descent: passing through the gates of judgment
The heroine will experience doubt towards her new lifestyle or identity. To move on, she must give up her tools and let go of the doubts holding her back. This stage can be moved around throughout the journey.

"She may be ashamed of  her new identity, guilty about sexual feelings or expression or have fears or shame associated with expressing herself, honoring intuition, or letting go of relationships that are not working for her."

Eye of the storm
Similar to Boon of Success, the heroine triumphs for a short period of time. However, this victory serves as a false calm. This stage can be moved around throughout the journey.

"In the true Heroine's Journey, the heroine may experience momentary but not sustained success because those around her do not want to be led by a woman/women for long, or the men around her begin to undermine her, or after the crisis passes she is left trying to fill multiple roles that are inconsistent or impossible for a single person to fulfill."

All is lost/death
The heroine realizes that her newly learned skills cannot help her and she cannot fall back on her old ways either. The situation around her gets worse and she has no choice but to accept defeat.

Support
The heroine finds support in a person who will help her out. This person can be anyone ranging from a spirit to a goddess to a friend. The heroine accepts the help of the supporter and comes to understand that "being alone is never enough." This stage can be moved around throughout the journey.

Rebirth/moment of truth
Due to the support she has gotten, the heroine finds courage and hope again. She fully understands her place in the world and how she will face her doubts.

"She "awakens" and sees the world and her role in it differently."

Return to a new world
The heroine sees the world as it truly is. She understands herself better and this will change the way she lives her life from then on. This change is more spiritual and internally driven than external.

Reception
At the time of publication (1990), Murdock's theory and template re-framed the commonly accepted Hero's Journey in a way that offered emotional and spiritual depth, attracting many readers and leading to eventual publication in seven languages. Joseph Campbell rejected the model personally in a conversation with Murdock, stating that it was an unnecessary expansion on his template. The Heroine's Journey introduced Murdock to the public eye and increased general interest in the distinction between male and female stories of personal growth, as shown through a sharp increase in attendance at her lectures. At one of her lectures, Murdock stated, "At Mythic Journeys the feminine journey was being discussed in the basement in a room too small, while the masculine journey was discussed upstairs in the hotel's Grand Ballroom!" The Heroine's Journey popularity expanded as other authors created various versions since Murdock's publication.

Criticisms
Murdock's book was written specifically for women and therapists, leading to criticisms that it was difficult to use as a template for creative writing. Murdock used her model to help her patients and has held many lectures to spread her teachings to others. Other versions such as Schmidt's allowed the Heroine's Journey to be more flexible and able to touch upon a number of different topics rather than just a spiritual journey.

Joseph Campbell reportedly said when shown Murdock's model: "Women don't need to make the journey, they are the place that everyone is trying to get to." Campbell, who examined the primarily male Hero's journey, believed that as women were often the destination of a hero's journey, women did not need to go on the journey themselves. Murdock's model, to some extent, inherently accounts for this criticism due to the heroine starting out identifying more masculine and resolving the inner conflict by the last, "union" stage of the heroine's journey.

Heroine's journey in pop culture/literature
 Buffy Summers in Buffy the Vampire Slayer
 Moana in Disney's Moana
 Coraline Jones in Coraline
 Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games
 Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz
 Rey in The Force Awakens/The Last Jedi
 Clarice Starling in The Silence of the Lambs

See also
 Dan Harmon's story circle
 Dramatic structure
 Hero's journey
 The Seven Basic Plots

References

Mythological archetypes
Screenwriting
Storytelling

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text:
Concrete Slab Types – Construction, Cost, and Applications
Home/ How To Guide / Work Procedures / Concrete Work Procedure / Concrete Slab Types – Construction, Cost, and Applications
A reinforced concrete slab is a crucial structural element and is used to provide flat surfaces(floors and ceilings) in buildings. On the basis of reinforcement provided, beam support, and the ratio of the spans, slabs are generally classified into one-way slab and two-way slab. The former is supported on two sides and the ratio of long to short span is greater than two. However, the latter is supported on four sides and the ratio of long to short span is smaller than two.
Varying conditions and stipulations ask for the selection of appropriate and cost-effective concrete slab, keeping in view, the type of building, architectural layout, aesthetic features, and the span length. Concrete slabs, therefore, are further classified into one-way joist slab, flat slab, flat plate, waffle slab, hollow core slab, precast slab, slabs on grade, hardy slab, and composite slab.
1. One-Way Slabs on Beams
Cast in situ method is used to construct one-way slabs on beams which involves fixing of forms followed with the installation of reinforcements, and finally the pouring of fresh concrete.
One-way slabs on beams are most suitable for spans of 3-6m, and a live load of 3 to 5KN/m2. They can also be used for larger spans with relatively higher cost and higher slab deflection. Additional formwork for the beams is however needed.
Fig. 1: One-way Slab on Beams
2. One-way joist slab (Ribbed slab)
It consists of a floor slab, usually 50 to 100mm thick, supported by reinforced concrete ribs (or joists). The ribs are usually tapered and are uniformly spaced at distances that do not exceed 750mm. The ribs are supported on girders that rest on columns.
A one-way joist concrete slab is suitable for spans of 6-9m and live loads of 4-6KN/m2. Because of the deep ribs, the concrete and steel quantities are relatively low, but expensive formwork is needed.
Fig. 2: One-way Ribbed Slab
3. Waffle Slab (Grid slab)
It is a type of reinforced concrete slab that contains square grids with deep sides. Waffle slab construction process includes fixing forms, placement of pods on shuttering, installation of reinforcement between pods, installation of steel mesh on top of pods, and pouring of concrete.
Grid slabs are suitable for spans of 9-15m and live loads of 4-7KN/m2. Formwork, including the use of pans, is quite expensive.
Fig. 3: Waffle Slab
4. Flat Plates
Flat plates can be constructed as one-way or two-way slabs and it is directly supported by columns or walls. It is easy to construct and requires simple formworks.
Flat plates are most suitable for spans of 6 to 8m, and live loads between 3 and 5KN/m2. Added to that, the range of spans for prestressed flat plates is between 8-12m, and it can also be constructed as post-tensioned slabs.
The advantages of adopting flat plates include low-cost formwork, exposed flat ceilings, and faster construction. Flat plates have low shear capacity and relatively low stiffness, which may cause noticeable deflection.
Fig. 4: Flat Plate
5. Flat Slabs
This is typically a reinforced slab supported directly by columns or caps, without the use of beams. This type of slab is generally easy to construct and requires little formwork. The loads are directly transferred to the columns.
Flat slabs are most suitable for spans of 6 to 9m, and for live loads of 4-7KN/m2. They need more formwork than flat plates, especially for column capitals. In most cases, only drop panels without column capitals are used. It can be constructed as post-tensioned flat slabs.
Fig. 5: Flat Slab
6. Two-way Slabs on Beams
The construct of this type of slab is similar to that of one-way slab on beams, but it may need more formworks since two-way slabs are supported on all sides. Slabs on beams are suitable for spans between 6 and 9m, and live loads of 3-6KN/m2 . The beams increase the stiffness of the slabs, producing relatively low deflection. Additional formwork for the beams is needed.
Fig. 6: Two-way Slab on Beams
7. Hollow core slab
It is a type of precast slab through which cores are run. Not only do these cores decline slab self-weight and increase structural efficiency but also act as service ducts. It is suitable for cases where fast constructions are desired.
There is no restriction on the span of the hollow core slab units, and their standard width is 120mm and depth ranges from 110mm to 400mm.
The slab units are commonly installed between beams using cranes and the gaps between units are filled with screeds. It has been observed that, hollow core slab can support 2.5 kN/m2 over a 16m span. It is suitable for offices, retail or car park developments.
Fig. 7: Hollow Core Slab
8. Hardy Slab
It is constructed using hardy bricks which significantly decline the amount of concrete and eventually the slab's self-weight. The thickness of hardy slab is commonly greater than conventional slab and around 270mm.
The construction of hardy slab involves formwork installation, hardy block placement, placement of reinforcement into gaps between blocks, placement of steel mesh on the blocks, and finally pouring of concrete.
It is economical for spans of length up to 5m, and it reduces the quantity of concrete below neutral axis, and moderate live loads shall be imposed. It is constructed at locations where the temperatures are very high. The application of this type of slab can be seen in Dubai and China.
Fig. 8: Hardy Block
Fig. 9: Hardy Slab Construction
9. Bubble Deck Slab
It is constructed by placing plastic bubbles which are prefabricated and the reinforcement is then placed between and over plastic bubbles and finally, fresh concrete is poured. The plastic bubbles replace the ineffective concrete at the center of the slab.
Bubble Deck slabs reduce weight, increase strength, larger spans can be provided, fewer columns needed, no beams or ribs under the ceiling are required. Consequently, not only does it decline the total cost of construction but is also environmentally friendly since it reduces amount of concrete.
Fig. 10: Bubble Deck Slab Types
Fig. 11: Bubble Deck Slab
10. Composite Slab
Commonly, it is constructed from reinforced concrete cast on top of profiled steel decking. The decking acts as formwork and working area during the construction phase, and it also acts as external reinforcement during service life of the slab.
For a steel decking of thickness between 50-60mm, the span of the slab can reach up to 3m. However, if the steel decking thickness is increased up to 80mm, slabs with span of 4.5m can be constructed.
Fig. 12: Composite Slab
11. Precast Slab
Precast concrete slabs are casted and cured in manufacturing plants, and then delivered to the construction site to be erected. The most outstanding advantage of the preparation of slabs in manufacturing plants is the increase in efficiency and higher quality control which may not be achieved on site.
The most commonly used precast slabs are: the channel and double-T types. They can be used for spans up to 15m. The double-T slabs vary in sizes and spans up to 15m have been used.
The tongue-and-groove panel could vary in size based on the design requirement. When they are placed, the tongue of one panel is placed inside the groove of adjacent panel.
With regard to the cost of precast slabs, it is reported that precast concrete slabs are cheaper than cast in situ concrete slab by approximately 24%.
Fig. 13: Precast Slab
12. Slab on grade
The slab which is casted on the surface of the earth is called a Ground slab. Generally, slab on grade are classified into three types :
1. Slab on ground
It is the simplest type of slab on grade which is a composite of stiffening beams constructed from concrete around perimeter of the slab, and has a slab thickness of 100mm. It is suitable for stable ground which is mostly composed of sand and rock and not influenced by moisture, and soils that undergo slight movement due to moisture.
2. Stiffened raft slab
It is similar to slab on ground apart from stiffening beams which are set in channels through the middle of the slab. Consequently, it creates a kind of supporting grid of concrete on the base of the slab. Soil with moderate, high amount, and severe movement due to moisture.
3. Waffle raft slab
It is constructed entirely above the ground by pouring concrete over a grid of polystyrene blocks known as 'void forms'. Waffle raft slabs are generally suitable for sites with less reactive soil, use about 30% less concrete and 20% less steel than a stiffened raft slab, and are generally cheaper and easier to install than other types. These types of slabs are suitable only for very flat ground.
Fig. 12: Types of Slabs on Ground
About Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Madeh is a Structural Engineer who works as Assistant Lecturer in Koya University. He is the author, editor and partner at theconstructor.org.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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This paper deals with the solution of problems involving partial differential equations in ℝ 3 . For three dimensional case, methods are useful if they require neither domain boundary regularity nor regularity for the exact solution of the problem. A new domain decomposition method is therefore presented which uses low degree finite elements. The numerical approximation of the solution is easy, and optimal error bounds are obtained according to suitable norms.
We deal with the problem ⎧ -Δu = f(x,u) + λg(x,u), in Ω, ⎨ ( P λ ) ⎩ u ∣ ∂ Ω = 0 where Ω ⊂ ℝⁿ is a bounded domain, λ ∈ ℝ, and f,g: Ω×ℝ → ℝ are two Carathéodory functions with f(x,0) = g(x,0) = 0. Under suitable assumptions, we prove that there exists λ* > 0 such that, for each λ ∈ (0,λ*), problem ( P λ ) admits a non-zero, non-negative strong solution u λ ∈ ⋂ p ≥ 2 W 2 , p ( Ω ) such that l i m λ → 0 ⁺ | | u λ | | W 2 , p ( Ω ) = 0 for all p ≥ 2. Moreover, the function λ ↦ I λ ( u λ ) is negative and decreasing in ]0,λ*[, where I λ is the energy functional related to ( P λ ).
A boundary integral equation for Calderón's inverse conductivity problem.
Towards a constructive method to determine an L∞-conductivity from the corresponding Dirichlet to Neumann operator, we establish a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind at the boundary of a two dimensional body. We show that this equation depends directly on the measured data and has always a unique solution. This way the geometric optics solutions for the L∞-conductivity problem can be determined in a stable manner at the boundary and outside of the body.
A characterization of balls using the domain derivative.
A convergent adaptive finite element method with optimal complexity.
We construct a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ 2 with the cone property and a harmonic function on Ω which belongs to W 0 1 , p ( Ω ) for all 1 ≤ p < 4/3. As a corollary we deduce that there is no L p -Hodge decomposition in L p ( Ω , ℝ 2 ) for all p > 4 and that the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation cannot be in general solved with the boundary data in W 1 , p ( Ω ) for all p > 4.
A Dirichlet problem with asymptotically linear and changing sign nonlinearity.
This paper deals with the problem of finding positive solutions to the equation -∆[u] = g(x,u) on a bounded domain 'Omega' with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The function g can change sign and has asymptotically linear behaviour. The solutions are found using the Mountain Pass Theorem.
A domain decomposition algorithm for elliptic problems in three dimensions.
A double S -shaped bifurcation curve for a reaction-diffusion model with nonlinear boundary conditions.
A FETI-DP preconditioner for mortar methods in three dimensions.
A Finite Eement Scheme for Domains with Corners.


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Ron DeSantis says Florida could send up to a million home Covid tests
Jonathan Levin, Danielle Moran
• Bloomberg • January 6, 2022
But in keeping with DeSantis's general approach to testing, the program will be smaller than those in other states and won't do much to help healthier, younger populations such as students. The batch will reach a small fraction of the state's 4.6 million seniors and 21.8 million residents. (Chris O'Meara/AP)
FLORIDA-BG 337 words Ron DeSantis says Florida could send up to a million home Covid tests (c) 2022, Bloomberg · Jonathan Levin, Danielle Moran · NATIONAL, HEALTH, HEALTH-NEWS · Jan 06, 2022 - 12:31 PM Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said the state will send out as many as 1 million home Covid-19 tests, prioritizing nursing homes and other long-term care facilities and eventually the state's seniors generally.
But in keeping with DeSantis's general approach to testing, the program will be smaller than those in other states and won't do much to help healthier, younger populations such as students. The batch will reach a small fraction of the state's 4.6 million seniors and 21.8 million residents.
Speaking Thursday in West Palm Beach, DeSantis said he's open to distributing additional tests "if the demand is still there," but he also predicted a potential glut of rapid tests after omicron passes.
"If omicron goes up and down as quickly as it has in other places, you could find yourself with a lot of tests on the market all of a sudden in another month or six weeks," he said.
In recent days, DeSantis has repeatedly teased plans to release new testing guidelines, which will emphasize Covid-19 testing for those with risk factors. The Florida Republican has argued that widespread testing, including of asymptomatic low-risk people, is no longer needed and contributes to long lines, bottlenecks and runs on rapid tests at pharmacies.
His approach puts him at odds with federal leadership and many school and corporate policies, which have emphasized widespread testing to contain outbreaks and protect others who may be at greater risk.
The home-test announcement comes after Florida Agriculture Commissioner Nikki Fried -- a Democrat seeking her party's nomination to run for governor this year -- accused DeSantis's Department of Health last month of stockpiling tests and allowing them to expire.
Asked about the tests, Florida Division of Emergency Management Director Kevin Guthrie confirmed there were 800,000 to a million Abbott Laboratories rapid tests that had indeed expired, but that the government was seeking approval from the company to still use them if appropriate. Unlike the at-home tests, the Abbott tests need to be administered by a health-care worker.


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There are two main types of hearing loss, CONDUCTIVE and SENSORINEURAL.
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are blocked in the outer or middle ear and can't reach the inner ear, where hearing is still normal. This type of hearing loss is rarely severe or profound and usually affects all frequencies. People affected by conductive hearing loss often experience an overall reduction in the volume of sounds and find it difficult to hear faint sounds.
Most conductive losses are not permanent and can be treated medically or surgically. However, if left untreated, conductive hearing losses can result in permanent impairment.
Otosclerosis is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in adults. A disorder of the middle ear bones, Otosclerosis is caused by a build-up of calcium around the stapes, preventing it from vibrating and sending sound signals to the inner ear. Over 90% of people with otosclerosis can regain normal hearing through surgical treatment.
Otitis media, also called middle ear infection, is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss among children, but can also occur in adults. Otitis media, which occurs when the middle ear becomes inflamed and filled with fluid, can prevent the ear drum from vibrating properly, resulting in temporary hearing loss. This inflammation can be the result of a virus or respiratory infection. Typical symptoms include swelling, redness, earaches, irritation, hearing loss, fever and ear drainage. Most cases of otitis media can be cured by antibiotics prescribed by a physician. In some cases of persistent otitis media, surgical treatment, such as the insertion of ventilating tubes, may be required.
Sensorineural hearing loss, also known as nerve deafness, accounts for 90% of adult hearing problems. Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the hair cells in the cochlea (inner ear) become damaged and sound can't reach the brain (where sound is processed). Once the hair cells have been damaged, they cannot be repaired, making sensorineural hearing loss permanent. Hearing aids can help in most cases.
Like conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss usually results in the overall reduction in the loudness of sounds. However, sensorineural hearing loss also causes sounds to become distorted.
Hearing loss caused by the natural aging process is called Presbycusis. All of us gradually begin to lose hair cells as we age. As this happens our hearing becomes less acute. Around the age of 60 to 65, about 30% of the population have a hearing loss that is significant enough to affect their ability to hear everyday sounds, such as speech.
The first sign of Presbycusis is usually a reduction in the ability to hear high-frequency sounds, such as s, t, k, p, t, resulting in speech sounding muffled. This means that you can hear someone talking, but you can't tell if they said "sit" or "kit". Gradually the mid and low frequency tones may also be affected.
Excessive exposure to noise is one of the most common – yet also one of the most preventable – causes of permanent hearing loss. Every exposure to loud noise will cause some degree of temporary hearing loss; repeated exposure over a number of years will result in the gradual, painless process of permanent hearing loss.
Noise levels are measured in decibels (dB). Sounds louder than 80 dB are considered potentially hazardous to your hearing. The following chart helps you to understand what sounds are considered too loud for healthy hearing.
When sound reaches an intense level, it can damage the hair cells of the inner ear. This results in a loss of electrical impulses for a range of pitches. Often the damage affects the high-pitched sounds first. Consequently, high-pitched speech sounds, such as the consonants "t", "s", "th", and "ch" become difficult for people to hear.
Click here to learn more about ASHA's listen to your buds campaign aimed at teaching kids about safe listening levels for headphones.
At our offices, you won't ever have to worry about feeling rushed or pressured, as your satisfaction and restored hearing health are our only goals.
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Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty ImagesJohn McEntee, President Donald Trump's personal assistant, and Dan Scavino, the White House director of social media, in November.
President Donald Trump fired his longtime personal assistant, John McEntee, on Monday.
CNN cited a source as saying McEntee is the subject of a financial-crimes investigation by the Department of Homeland Security.
McEntee was escorted from the White House on Monday, The Wall Street Journal reported.
Trump's reelection campaign hired McEntee soon after his firing.
President Donald Trump's longtime personal assistant, John McEntee, was fired from his White House position on Monday.
McEntee was escorted out of the White House on Monday without being allowed to collect his belongings, including his jacket, The Journal reported, citing White House officials.
McEntee joined the president's small team three years ago during the earliest days of Trump's presidential campaign.
"It's not going to be great for morale," a White House official told The Journal about McEntee's firing.
Soon after, Trump's 2020 reelection campaign released a statement announcing that McEntee would join its ranks as a "senior advisor for campaign operations" along with Katrina Pierson.


They were surprised, while those following were afraid.
and on the third day he will rise."
and they did not know what he meant.
"Teacher, we wish that whatever we ask you, you do for us."
He said to them, "What do you wish me to do for you?"
and one on your left in your sovereignty."
for whom it has been prepared by my Father."
indignant about James and John.
was sitting beside the road.
They reported to him that Jesus the Nazarene was going by.
So he cried out, "Jesus, son of David, have mercy on me!"
but he shouted even more, "Son of David, have mercy on me!"
Stopping, Jesus said, "Call him."
"Courage; rise; he calls you."
Throwing away his garment and jumping up he came to Jesus.
"What do you want that I may do for you?"
The blind one said to him, "Rabbi, that I may see again."
and said, "Go, your faith has saved you."
and he followed him on the road praising God.
Also all the people seeing gave praise to God.


When we talk about optimizing your website, one very important rule has to be taken into account: search engines like Google for example have to start their mouthwatering, but your customers can not get enough of it. By taking both factors into account with the necessary seriousness, we are automatically faced with a win-win situation for the online presence of your company. That is why optimizing your website is undoubtedly a must.
An efficient search engine optimization requires alertness and regular updates. The algorithms that search engines use are changing and inaccurate, so it is important to take this into account in function of your own optimization. This keeps your internet presence strong and your competitors will not have an opportunity to take a lead. The competition also focuses on optimization and uses keywords to be on the first page of the list of search results. A visit to https://www.citationranker.com will make the things perfect now.
The higher the position your company occupies in Google's search results list, the faster your website is found by potential customers. However, your website will have to meet the stringent SEO requirements of search engines such as Google.
Search engines like Google give the highest rating to websites whose quality of the user experience is as high as possible. Of course it goes without saying that you do not expect your website to miss its purpose, in other words: those human visitors to your page also do exactly what you have developed the website for. Consider, for example, ordering your products, using your services, downloading your documentation, contacting you by e-mail or by telephone, subscribing to your newsletter, writing a testimonial or user experience, consulting your location and opening hours, etc. The higher the number of visitors who reach the goal of your website or webpage without too much difficulty, the higher the conversion.
Optimizing also means that users of the internet can easily find information on the website of your company. In addition, you need to show a significant dose of empathy. With the choice of the right content elements, you can quickly update your site and ensure that you get your target audience in the right mood. Content-wise small things here quickly play a rather large role.
Use as much as possible the traditional sales techniques and scenarios and you will attract a lot of visitors even faster than for example to leave their e-mail address or buy a gadget in the online shop of your website. It is not unlikely that potential customers will take action even more quickly than they initially intended.
Choose a good company for website promotion is difficult.Unfortunately, there are a lot of unskilled specialists on the market, and if your site gets to them for promotion, then experiments are started on it. The company literally does not know what to do with the site for withdrawal in the TOP-10. The consequences can be the most deplorable, up to the sanctions from the search engines.
What should I pay special attention to?
It should contain requests from different subjects and with varying frequency. Well, if the positions of sites for key queries are close to each other in different search engines.
Search engine promotion on requests requires both financial and temporary investments from the executive company. It is necessary to understand this. Thus, there is some minimum cost of promotion equal to the financial costs that the SEO Company has. In this case, it's not worth chasing the cheapest commercial offer, because the quality of the services provided is significantly related to the amount of funds that are allocated to financial expenses. But to openly overpriced budgets is also worth taking cautiously. The Salterra SEO Company offers you the best results in this matter now.
The number of regular customers of the company shows that the SEO company is able not only to show good results, but also to keep them consistently (this is especially important in the market with constantly growing competition).
Well, if the staff, in addition to the staff responsible for the promotion, also has a professional designer, programmer, layout designer, then if you need to change something on the promoted site, all changes will be made as soon as possible and at the minimum cost.
As you know, nothing can be better than a personal recommendation, heard from a person you trust. But here we would call to listen only to those acquaintances who even understand a little in the process of search promotion.If you decide to analyze the proposals of several competing companies, it is worth considering all the above points and weighing the various positive and negative sides.
CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is not a software product and not a technology. This is not a collection of products. CRM is a concept and business strategy aimed at building a sustainable business, the core of which is a "customer-oriented" approach.
This strategy is based on the use of advanced management and information technologies, with which the company collects information about its customers at all stages of its life cycle (attraction, retention, loyalty), extracts knowledge from it and uses this knowledge in the interests of its business by building mutually beneficial relationships with them.
The result of applying the strategy is to increase the competitiveness of the company and increase profits, as well-built relationships based on a personal approach to each client, allow you to attract new customers and help keep old ones.
ERP systems appeared when the product and business processes ensuring its production were put in the first place, that is, accounting, control and distribution were considered basic. It was the era of back office automation.
CRM systems have become necessary in a highly competitive market, where the customer is in focus. The main task of CRM systems is to increase the efficiency of business processes concentrated in the "front office" aimed at attracting and retaining customers in marketing, sales, service and maintenance, regardless of the channel through which the contact with the client occurs. You can look for more information here.
At the level of technology, CRM is a set of applications connected by a single business logic and integrated into the corporate information environment of a company (often in the form of an add-on over ERP) based on a single database. Special software allows you to automate relevant business processes in marketing, sales and service. As a result, the company can contact the "right" customer at the "right" point in time, with the most effective offer and the most convenient channel for interaction.
In practice, the integrated CRM system provides coordination of actions of various departments, providing them with a common platform for interaction with customers. From this point of view, the purpose of CRM is to correct the situation when the marketing, sales and service departments operate independently of each other, and their vision of the customer often does not coincide, and the actions are not consistent.
From the point of view of business management, the effect of the implementation of CRM is manifested in the fact that the decision-making process due to automation is transferred to a lower level and unified. Due to this, the speed of reaction to requests increases, the rate of turnover of funds increases and costs are reduced.
Finally, CRM includes itself an ideology and technologies for creating a history of relations between a client and a company, which allows you to more clearly plan your business and increase its sustainability.
Digital Marketing: Why is it important?
Because of this reality, the Internet cannot be ignored by any company that wants to be well positioned in the market. So that not only will it have to be present in the network but it will have to apply different tools and marketing techniques taking into account certain considerations basic to get the most out of their internet presence.With the rapid growth of internet marketing and technology there are many topics that have changed at incredible speed including how to communicate at all levels, personal or business and even in market research. Many people make use of the internet and this is being taken advantage of by large, medium and small companies.
In the first part of every type of campaign by email you need to include the objectives and purposes of communication via email. You must know how far you want to go, what type of marketing campaign will be developed and promotions or electronic bulletin deliveries on a regular basis. Then you should do a little research to know the trends of email marketing, the laws that govern it and the current market trend, to know how it is done to make the campaign more attractive than the competition. All this is done in order to make the website work otherwise you will be wasting time and effort.
There are specialized professionals to guide you high digital internet marketing. Remember that always the first step for a successful digital marketing is to make a study to background of the strategies to be implemented and knowing each tool that this branch of marketing offers you. Without a marketing strategy there is no meaning to hire any professionals because you do not know how, where, when, why and whom to target to grow your business. A businessman should know all these facts because on this basis the professional will create the strategies and implicate all these SEO keywords in reality.
For one of the most important evaluation criteria for a service provider consider involvement in the form of blogging, lectures, workshops and technical contributions. If you always find expertise in your own agency blog, network and / or print magazines, it shows that you are dealing with the matter and that the agency or employees are willing to openly face the competition.This strategy is crucial for companies in development but not all have the ability to hire experts in such important areas as SEO, online advertising and e-commerce. So, if you are smart enough and have had enough, you will not be looking for the most cheapest internet marketer but the trust worthy internet marketing.


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Mars on Earth: The Atacama Desert Helps Scientists Learn More About Potential Life on Mars
By Tommy Hunter , in News Sci/Tech on August 24, 2019 . Tagged width: life on mars , Mars , The Atacama Desert
The search for other life forms outside our planet has always been the scientists' focus from all over the planet. While it is not easy to discover life in the universe, but researchers have been trying to find methods that could make the discovery a little bit easier. That is the reason they started to analyze extreme environments on our planet, to figure out what conditions are needed for life to develop and how life might look like on Mars until missions such as NASA's Mars 2020 rover and ExoMars will reach the Red Planet.
The best environment that has almost the same characteristics as the environment on Mars is probably the Atacama Desert in Chile. Mars' surface is bleak, dry and irradiated mainly because the Red Planet lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago, perhaps due to its abundant collisions with asteroids and has a very rarefied atmosphere. Therefore, the solar winds are reaching out to the Martian surface, which creates such conditions that do not let liquid water to exist.
Life on Mars might be possible, say researchers exploring the 'Mars on Earth,' in the Atacama Desert
Despite that, researchers believe that Mars could have sustained life million years ago when there must have been liquid water on the surface. In the Atacama Desert, the team of scientists that conducted the experiments found 23 species of bacteria and eight species of fungi. Three of them had been found all around the region, but two of them originated from other environments. The two species were Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi, which comes from an aquatic environment, and Bacillus simplex, which can be found in plants.
The scientists concluded that they had been carried on dust particles, despite the distance they had been carried over. The fact that the Atacama Desert, which is as irradiated as Mars, can sustain life, it means that Mars can too. Even though life would not originate there, the microorganisms that are found on the landers and rovers could be carried on by Mars winds.
Tommy Hunter
Tommy's hobby has always been playing video games. He enjoys competing in video games tournaments and writing about his experience. It's not a big surprise that he mostly covers the latest trends from the gaming industry.


A great majority of our lives are spent discovering who and what we are NOT. We feel great satisfaction in stripping this crap away—layers of an onion or a parfait, and at the end we discover roots that make us cry or berries or yogurt that could be confused with pig fat and our lives have meaning because we have all the sudden brushed off our hands the sheet rock of the excruciating work of discovering the core of ourselves.
1. We feel content, for the moment, and can gulp a glass of water and doze off, or, 2. We feel ravenous and feverish with a beastly desire to swallow the whole world so we can know all the shades of gray, too.
Usually, my discoveries take the form of the latter—and I'm okay with that.
It's REAL, yo. Dreams and all that stuff.
just a big ol game.


Shula's Steak 2, located inside Shula's Hotel, overlooks the facility's tropical lagoon and luscious courtyard. In addition to our award winning steaks and burgers we offer a tasty variety of American fare. So drop by and join us for great food, cold beer, and a full bar, served in a relaxed casual atmosphere. We are a family friendly restaurant so be sure and bring the kids.
Our Shula Cut® steaks are then seasoned with our own "Perfect Seasoning" of Kosher salt and ground black pepper and grilled over an open flame to caramelize the beef and seal in the natural juices. One taste and you'll know why the Shula Cut® is still Undefeated!!


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Presentation of the risk: misrepresentation and waiver of disclosure
Online Published Date : 11 November 2021 | Appeared in issue: Vol 33 No 11 - 11 November 2021
In Ristorante Ltd (t/a Bar Massimo) v Zurich Insurance plc [2021] EWHC 2538 (Ch) there were two questions before Snowden J: had the assured misrepresented material facts by the answer given to a question about previous insolvencies; and, in the absence of misrepresentation, had the insurers waived disclosure of information relating to insolvencies by asking a limited question on the matter. The facts arose after the Insurance Act 2015 had come into force, so the duty of fair presentation was under consideration, but the law had not in any way been changed from the position under the Marine Insurance Act 1906 by the 2015 Act and the judgment makes no reference to the new (or indeed the superseded) legislation.
Presentation of the risk: consumer insurance
There is relatively little authority on the operation of the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012, in particular the consumer's obligation to take reasonable care not to make misrepresentation and the appropriate remedy. The legislation is very clearly drafted, and the vast majority of cases will turn on their facts. The only real point of law in Jones v Zurich Insurance plc [2021] EWHC 1320 (Comm) is that an insurer who wishes to argue that a misrepresentation was deliberately or recklessly made – thereby giving an automatic right to the insurers to avoid the policy – has to be pleaded specifically.
Business interruption: the meaning of "catastrophe"
Allsop CJ in the Federal Court of Australia has, in Star Entertainment Group Ltd v Chubb Insurance Australia Ltd [2021] FCA 907, given an answer to a vital question affecting recovery for business interruption losses in the wake of Covid-19, namely: is the virus a catastrophe? The point arose in the context of an ordinary business interruption policy, but the decision will be of huge interest to the reinsurance market, where coverage is for property and catastrophe. Can there be a catastrophe where there is no property damage?
Intermediaries: collection of insurance proceeds
In Equitas Ltd and Another v Sande Investments Ltd and Others [2021] EWHC 631 (Comm), Leigh-Ann Mulcahy QC, sitting as a Deputy High Court Judge, considered the duties and liabilities of a sub-agent appointed by brokers to collect reinsurance recoveries on behalf of Lloyd's Syndicates in run-off. The main points to arise from the decision is that sub-agents with such limited duties are not subject to the regulatory regime applicable to Lloyd's brokers and that the duties are owed to the appointing brokers and not the Syndicates.
Lloyd's List Group is a trading division of Informa UK Limited, a company registered in England and Wales with company number 1072954 whose registered office is 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG. VAT GB365462636. Informa UK Limited is part of Informa PLC. Lloyd's is the registered trademark of the Society incorporated by the Lloyd's Act 1871 by the name of Lloyd's.
Notes for Contributors
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Maritime & Commercial


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Gonzo Country
TJ West
TJ West Video Premiere: Andrew Sheppard's Get It While You Can
on February 3, 2017 at 7:08 am ×
By Kim Grant TJ West introduced Andrew Sheppard and his record Far From Here. Now we're happy to premiere his new video for the song, "Get It While You Can." The video opens with a […]
TJ West: Casey James Prestwood and The Burning Angels
on December 8, 2016 at 8:04 am ×
By Kim Grant It's only recently that I became acquainted with the Denver-based (but Virginia- born) Casey James Prestwood and his band, The Burning Angels. Band member Jeremi Rebecca Hush emailed me saying that the […]
TJ West: Americana Fest 2016 Recap
on October 7, 2016 at 10:58 am ×
By Kim Grant For those of you unfamiliar with AmericanaFest, it's a weeklong celebration of Americana music held in Nashville, TN. It takes place in mid-September and along with the music, there are panels you […]
TJ West: Bobby Rush on His New Album Porcupine Meat
on September 16, 2016 at 9:56 am ×
By Kim Grant At the age of 82 and a 60-ish year career, Bobby Rush has earned the title of the greatest bluesman currently performing. Inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2006, Rush […]
TJ West: Mike Stinson Back in Los Angeles
on July 14, 2016 at 8:13 am ×
By Kim Grant Native Virginian, longtime LA transplant and now residing in Houston Texas, Mike Stinson is back in Los Angeles, playing three shows over a long weekend at local main-stays Pappy and Harriett's, Cinema Bar and […]
TJ West: Brian Whelan talks about his new record Sugarland
on June 10, 2016 at 8:00 am ×
By Kim Grant Brian Whelan is a Los Angeles-based singer-songwriter who has recently added producer to his credits. He is a former member of the power-pop band, The Broken West (2004) and the Americana indie […]
TJ West [Video Premier]: The Brothers Comatose "The Way the West Was Won"
on May 18, 2016 at 8:00 am ×
TJ West is delighted to premiere the video "The Way The West Was Won," from the The Tomboy Sessions, off of The Brothers Comatose new album City Painted Gold, which was released on March 4th. On City Painted Gold the […]
TJ West: Landing with Moonsville Collective
on May 3, 2016 at 9:00 am ×
By Kim Grant Moonsville Collective is an Americana String Band that is based on the traditions of Appalachia, Old Time, Folk, Country & Rhythm and Blues. Forming in 2011, the band is comprised of six members […]
TJ WEST: Storming Through SXSW
on April 8, 2016 at 9:58 am ×
By Kim Grant Apparently, I've been going to SXSW for over 10 years, as my music-loving friend, Rob McCann reminded me when he celebrated his 10th year at the music conference recently. This doesn't hold […]
TJ West: Fairbanks and the Lonesome Light
on March 11, 2016 at 9:54 am ×
By Kim Grant Erik Flores and Amelia Rose Logan are the core of Fairbanks and the Lonesome Light, an indie Americana band (and sometimes duo) who base their music foundation on contemplative storytelling and stunningly […]
TJ WEST Talks with Dale Watson Before Thursday's Echo Show
on September 29, 2015 at 4:30 pm ×
By Kim Grant Texas based honky tonk artist, Dale Watson has a new album titled, Call Me Insane and is currently on tour in support of the record. Call Me Insane is his 29th record and proves he is […]
TJ West: Introducing Andrew Sheppard
on June 8, 2015 at 9:00 am ×
Former frontman for the band, Gypsy River Haunts, Andrew Sheppard has gone solo on, Far From Here, an honest and soulful country rock album. Once an Angeleno, and now living in Idaho, TJ West catches […]
Townes Van Zandt "All I Need"
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Please help Verne W. Critz earn extra cash for our school!
AmazonSmile is a website operated by Amazon that lets customers enjoy the same products, same prices, and same services as on Amazon.com. The difference is that when customers shop on AmazonSmile (smile.amazon.com), the AmazonSmile Foundation will donate 0.5% of the price of eligible purchases to the charitable organizations selected by customers.
When first visiting AmazonSmile, customers are prompted to select their charitable organization. In order to browse or shop at AmazonSmile, customers must first select a charitable organization.
Sign into smile.amazon by using your amazon account information or create a new account.
Select Verne W Critz as your charititable organization.


Tennis World Tour update 1.08 is now available on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. According to the official Tennis World Tour 1.08 patch notes, the update has added graphical updates, new customization options, AI improvements and more. In addition, Tennis World Tour version 1.08 also stability and performance improvements.
Previously, patch 1.06 was released with improvements and gameplay changes. Unfortunately, since this update, many players were experiencing a number of issues when trying to play the game. Today's Tennis World Tour patch 1.08 is expected to fix all these issues. Check out more details below.
Tennis World Tour version 1.08 fixed crashing issues.
Fixed stuttering and lag issues with Tennis World Tour update 1.08.
Tennis World Tour 1.08 fixes for the server that caused connection issues.
Fixed some glitches with Tennis World Tour 1.08.
Tennis World Tour update 1.08 on PS4 is now available for download.


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The Biggest Domestic Drug Busts
The United States government has been waging a war on drugs for many years. In spite of all of its efforts, however, no "winner" is even close to being in sight. Drugs flow into the country from different sources and the fight against drugs, although not as successful as the government would like, has netted several big busts. Here are a few of the most memorable ones:
(Pixabay / 3839153)
Miami's Multi-Million Discovery
In June 2016, Miami-Dade police discovered $20 million hidden inside 5-gallon buckets. The buckets were kept behind a fake wall that was accessible to the suspect's home. The police received information that the suspect was growing marijuana. A search of the drug cultivator's home led the police to his illegal fortune.
Mexico City Meth
Drug agents from the United States and Mexico set up a huge drug bust in Mexico City in March 2007, seizing over $200 million. It all started when American police seized more than 20 tons of pseudoephedrine, a cold medication that is used in the production of meth. The investigation lasted three years, leading the agents to Mexico where they arrested several people, including two from China. Drugs, money, people cooking meth, and drug dealers were taken off the streets as a result of this bi-national drug bust.
City by the Bay Bust
Officials in San Francisco, California seized a motherlode of drugs in 1991. The drug was known as "China White" and was a type of heroin with a particularly potent effect on its users. The heroin stockpile had a street value of billions of dollars and was accompanied by equally large amounts of cash. The DEA operatives seized the bank accounts of the people involved in the case. The amount of heroin found by government agents was so huge that it was more than enough to give every resident of the city two doses of the drug. Government agents intercepted the drugs while in transit to a San Francisco suburb warehouse.
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Dear Asian drama fans, you're watching The Last Empress Episode 17 with english subtitles.
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Dental floss comes in a variety of colors, materials and even flavors. Waxed varieties slide through the teeth, allowing people with extremely tight spaces to floss more easily. Popular flavors of floss include wintergreen and cinnamon. Waxed floss does tend to fray more than unwaxed floss.
A type of material called dental tape can be effective for people with large spaces between their teeth, or for people with bridge work.
Floss can be purchased in small self-dispensing boxes. Floss can also be purchased in special, single-use holders, which are useful for people who have a hard time wrapping floss around their fingers, including those with dexterity problems or arthritis.
In 1999, upon graduating Valedictorian from Beaver Creek High School in West Jefferson, Dr. Yates attended The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.