Sunday is my favorite day of the week. Typically I don't work on this day, other than an occasional open house for a client or a bit of online work. Sunday is devoted to self care, soul care. This overcast, wintry day allowed me to stay indoors and focus inward, finding my gratitudes in a sleepy, unhurried way as the day progressed.
Lull is a verb that means to quiet or soothe. A lullaby is a melody, sung with the intention of quieting the mind and the body. Today has been my Sunday Lullaby, crafted to nurture and refresh.
One of the things I delight in, on soulful Sundays, is that I remain in comfy clothes throughout the day. A pair of tights, a long sleeved t-shirt, and a well worn hoodie create my ensemble for the day. I don't bother with makeup, and although I do run a brush over my hair, it stays a bit wild.
It's too chilly to walk around the house with bare feet. However, I have the perfect solution for keeping my feet warm. While packing up the house in Arkansas, after Greg's dad passed away, I found several packages of heavy socks. Bob Moore never opened these gifts from well meaning friends. I'm sure he was "saving" them for later.
Initially in the "donate" pile, I rescued those seven pairs of thick socks and brought them home. I think Dad Moore must laugh when he sees me wearing his socks, and feel pleased that he contributes in some way to my cozy comfort. I'm grateful for these sturdy socks that surround my feet with warmth.
Dad Moore contributes to keeping my feet snug. My father, who has also crossed over in Spirit, has a role in keeping me comfortable as well.
When my dad left to undergo experimental treatment for pancreatic cancer in Texas, I sent a special blanket with him. My father loved motorcycles all his life, favoring Harley Davidsons. To keep him warm while he endured treatments that chilled him, I gifted him with a large Harley Davidson woven throw. It gave me a small measure of peace to imagine him snuggled beneath that black and gold blanket.
After his death, my stepmom allowed me to bring the throw home as a keepsake. I think of my sweet dad every time I cover up with this blanket that once covered him. It comforts me in ways that go beyond keeping me toasty. I'm grateful for this simple throw, and for the memories connected to it. Wrapped in the blanket is the closest thing to having my father's arms around me. It was Dad's Sunday lullaby to me today, cocooning me in his love.
A pressure pot is one of those kitchen appliances that I didn't know I needed. I'm so thankful that my daughter Adriel and son-in-law Nate gave me one for Christmas a couple of years ago!
I can create healthy, flavorful, plant based meals quickly. It perfectly steams veggies too, in minutes. Evolved way beyond the old style pressure cookers from my childhood, these pots are safe and extremely easy to use.
The kids gifted me with a couple of vegan pressure pot cookbooks as well. I created a warm and soothing midday meal using a favorite recipe from one of the books.
First I prepared brown rice in the pressure pot. In half the time it would take using a rice cooker, I have perfectly cooked brown rice. After moving the rice to a bowl and covering it to keep warm, I prepare the stew, hearty with carrots, onions, garlic, tomatoes and red lentils, and fragrant with curry and garam masala spices.
A few minutes of prep time and six minutes cooking in the pressure pot, and the stew is ready. I'm grateful for wholesome meals such as this one that nourish my body and soothe me on a gray day. Check out the recipe HERE.
After everything else was completed today, in a leisurely fashion, I practiced the ultimate self care activity. I curled up with a cup of hot tea and a book…a stack of books actually.
Browsing through The Karma Chow Cookbook inspired future culinary creations. I'm learning how crucial my liver is to my health, in Liver Rescue. And I began a second read through The Re-Enchantment of Everyday Life.
This Thomas Moore book is destined to lead the way for me, into 2019. I thought of the book, when it was confirmed to me that enchantment is my word and theme for next year. A quote from the book came into my awareness earlier in the week, serving as an invitation to pick up Re-Enchantment again.
I've already used a pen to mark up the introduction. I'm never quite sure where my adventures are going to take me…however, deep things, soulful things, are stirring. This book will be my initial guide into the unknown, and I am grateful for it.
Tonight it inspired the title for this post, as it created anticipation for what's to come.
That's what this day of rest is, a Sunday lullaby that creates a lull in my normal daily activities…so my soul can come out and find refreshment. I am quieted by the day's lullaby, and wonderfully restored.


Stanislaus Futures » Access. Attain. Align.
Stanislaus Futures is a long-term and large-scale effort to provide low-income Stanislaus County students the opportunity to achieve their college and career goals. Increasing the number of college graduates in Stanislaus County will lead to a vibrant economy and better quality of life for all.
Stanislaus Community Foundation is partnering with local educational institutions and private philanthropists to help students navigate the complicated road to higher education, persist through college, and earn a bachelor's degree.
Educate students and their parents about college options and access to financial aid.
Provide culturally-sensitive college and financial aid preparation and guidance for low-income, underrepresented students and their parents.
Support college counselors trained to help the transition to college and increase FAFSA completion rates.
Compile financial aid information, scholarship links and a common application for local scholarships within the Stanislaus Futures website.
Build and administer strategic, needs-based scholarship funds to students with the most financial need.
Provide scholarships to low-income students who have the potential and drive to succeed in college, but lack the means.
Present opportunities for Stanislaus County residents and corporations to invest in Stanislaus Futures.
Work with high school districts and institutions of higher education to embrace best practices.
Partner with Stanford's John Gardner Center for Youth & Communities to gather data and identify gaps and opportunities along a student's path through Stanislaus County's K-12 system and into college.
Convene working groups focused on key transition points among Stanislaus County Office of Education, local high school districts, Modesto Junior College and CSU Stanislaus.
strategic, needs-based scholarships for low-income youth in Stanislaus County.


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The GOP Is Keeping People From Voting Instead of Giving Them a Reason To | Opinion
Allan Katz , former Ambassador to Portugal, founder of American Public Square
On 6/22/21 at 12:18 PM EDT
Opinion Voting Rights Racism GOP
The following is a lightly edited transcript of remarks made by Allan Katz during a Newsweek podcast debate on recent voting legislation in GOP-governed states. You can listen to the podcast here:
I have no problem with the idea of a voter ID. The question needs to be what suffices for voter ID. Maybe it's a utility bill. Maybe it's some other indication because I think most people, regardless of race or our party, believe that no one should be voting in the name of someone else. If we look at what we know in terms of voter fraud, since the days of the big-city machines, we don't have any cases of systemic voter fraud in the United States.
So the real issue becomes one of what do you really want to accomplish here? What I think we want to accomplish here is that we want more people to vote. We want to make it easier for people who are eligible to vote, we want their votes all to be counted and we all want it to be accurate. If Republicans spent more time trying to convince these people to vote for them and less time trying to keep them from voting, they probably would come out a lot better. It is far too easy to use race as the basis on both sides to talk about a bad bill as a racist bill. Sometimes a bad bill is just a bad bill.
In this Monday, Oct. 19, 2020 file photo, a voter submits a ballot in an official drop box during early voting in Athens, Ga. Georgia's secretary of state says, Tuesday, June 15, 2021, his office is reviewing the handling of paperwork related to ballot drop boxes in the state's most populous county during last year's election. John Bazemore/AP Photo
We take the term "racist" and we throw it around way too much. I think there was racism in this country, and I think there still is institutional racism in the country. However, everything that I don't agree with isn't necessarily racist. Everything that the Republicans want to do isn't necessarily racist. The farther we can get away from that, and focus on what the real issue is here, the better off we are.
There are a lot of ways to deal with the Senate filibuster. You can lower the number. We lowered it in the past from 67 to 60. Maybe in these partisan times, that's a more realistic way to go. You can carve out an exception for voting rights, because that's a fundamental right. All I'm trying to say here is that there are ways to go forward without calling people names and working very hard to keep more people from having an opportunity to vote.
As I've said to my Republican friends, if you spent more time trying to convince these people to vote for you and less time to keep them from voting, you'd probably come out a lot better.
Ambassador Allan Katz was President Obama's ambassador to Portugal. He is the founder of American Public Square.
The views in this article are the writer's own.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Flappers, G-Men, and Prohibition's Legacies
Posted on October 7, 2019 October 7, 2019 by MAMcIntosh
Prohibition evokes vivid images from fiction and history.
By Dr. Rachel Bohlmann
Hesburgh Subject Librarian
Prohibition evokes vivid images from fiction and history: wild parties from The Great Gatsby, the Valentine's Day gangland murders in Chicago, or presidential candidate Herbert Hoover's 1928 comment, when he called Prohibition a "great social and economic experiment, noble in motive and far reaching in purpose." That phrase was nicely judged to reflect his cautious evaluation of a law that had, since the beginning of the decade, polarized Americans. Hoover's description and these images evoke aspects of Prohibition and the 1920s. But they also stand as isolated events, unmoored from the social and political context of the era. How can Prohibition be more firmly integrated into the period's historical narrative? One way is to consider its long-term consequences, as historians Lisa McGirr and Michael Lerner have done recently.
By shifting focus from gangsters to the officers who pursued and punished them, we can see that the legacies of Prohibition included an expanded police force, targeted and selective enforcement, and a larger penal system. We can also take a closer look at what flappers, young women who flouted traditional, restrictive standards of female behavior, achieved. Their cultural revolt made possible a larger political rebellion by mainly middle and upper-class women that ended the period's gendered political alignment that assumed women, as a voting bloc, opposed alcohol. Finally, when we examine the urban electorate that coalesced against the Eighteenth Amendment in urban centers like Chicago, we can see how that political development connected to the New Deal that followed it.
What caused Prohibition and passage of the Eighteenth Amendment? A contemporary political analysis of the 1928 election, which observers largely understood as a referendum on Prohibition, quoted a US senator who quipped that Americans "voted dry and drank wet." It was an observation that summarized the contradiction within American alcohol policy in the 1920s. How did such a situation develop?
When Congress passed wartime Prohibition in 1917, and then the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919, organizations like the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) had been intensively educating Americans about temperance and warning them about drinking for more than a generation. A disciplined and coordinated political organization, the Anti-Saloon League (ASL), had fully extended its influence nationwide. By 1912 the ASL had pushed its "local option" strategy–the idea that alcohol policy decisions were left to local voters–as far as it could. Where the ASL could win dry territory in the states, it had done so; most of the Old South and the West were dry and much of the West. In Missouri, for example, 97 of its 115 counties were dry under local option by 1912. The general popular opinion was that temperance was a social and public good. At the same time, however, alcohol consumption rose between 1900 and 1906 for the first time in 30 years, from 16 gallons of beer per capita to 21 gallons, and per capita consumption of spirits rose to their highest levels since the 1840s. These higher drinking rates remained through the next decade. The increase in consumption accompanied changes in drinking patterns as well. Both middle and working class women began to drink more and in public, and overall, there were more moderate drinkers.
When people were drinking more and the temperance movement seemed to have reached its limit, the United States entered World War I. In a frenzy of wartime enthusiasm for sacrifice, and for food and fuel conservation, Congress passed a national wartime Prohibition law in 1917. A well-organized and -financed Anti-Saloon League pressed its advantage and submitted an amendment to the Constitution for prohibition later that year. It quickly passed and was sent to the states for ratification, which was completed by January 1919. Prohibition went into effect one year later.
Perils of Enforcement: The Example of Herrin, Williamson County, Illinois
The Chicago Daily Jewish Courier reported on KKK Prohibition enforcement in Herrin, Illinois. The editorial warned against the federal government putting the power of the law in the hands of voluntary enforcers like the Klan.
Historian Lisa McGirr has traced the problems with Prohibition enforcement and its long-term effects in her recent book, The War on Alcohol: Prohibition and the Rise of the American State. As early as 1922, President Warren Harding criticized the "national scandal" of non-compliance with Prohibition. The Ku Klux Klan saw an opportunity in the new law to pursue its anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant, anti-Semitic, white supremacist agenda. Promising to cleanse communities of bootleggers, moonshiners, and "vice operators," the KKK attracted two to five million Americans to its ranks by 1925. Wherever the Klan gained significant political power, they prioritized Prohibition enforcement, particularly against what they called "foreign bootlegging."
Williamson County, located in the state's southern region known as Egypt, had had a particularly bloody and violent recent past. Settled by old-stock whites from Virginia, the Carolinas, and Kentucky, the county was culturally more like its rural southern neighbors than cosmopolitan Chicago, 300 miles to the north. Rich in coal, the county was a center for mining; its workers defended the tenuous economic security they had won through membership in the United Mine Workers of America. Still, the mining industry was mechanizing in the 1920s and eliminating jobs; in many outlying mining communities in the county, people lived in primitive conditions and grinding poverty.
The Outlook magazine noted the violence in Herrin, Illinois, and described it as a fight between KKK members and an opposing group, the Knights of the Flaming Circle, over bootlegging and the "alleged influence of aliens."
Most recently, the town of Herrin had been the site of a labor strike that had turned violent. In June 1922 the Southern Illinois Coal Company brought in strikebreakers to load and ship coal. When mine guards killed two striking miners who had attempted to stop the process, a group of union miners surrounded, captured, and killed the mine guards, strikebreakers, and managers. In all, nineteen men were killed in what became known as the Herrin massacre. Although an investigation resulted in more than forty indictments, the five men tried for murder were acquitted by local jurors.
The massacre left the town with a scarred national reputation and the community deeply divided. The strike revealed miners' fears about their fragile economic position. At the same time, Protestant ministers and their allies, many of whom were local businessmen, shop keepers, and reformers, focused their community's attention on what they considered another stain on Williamson County: its public vice. With high hopes that as the Eighteenth Amendment eliminated alcohol it would clean up saloons, gambling dens, and brothels as well, these community leaders pushed for stringent enforcement of the Volstead Act, the Eighteenth Amendment's enabling legislation. In the spring of 1922, even before the strike had ended in violence, businessmen and ministers formed a local Law Enforcement League. They drew upon racial, ethnic, and religious divisions that existed in Williamson County's working class to target the county's Italian Catholic immigrant community.
The Literary Digest aggregated news reports from around the nation. Here they noted major newspapers from as far as Cleveland and New York City that reported on events in Herrin and Williamson County.
Foreign-born Italian Americans and their American-born children made up nearly 20% of the county's population in 1920, and 35% of neighboring Franklin County. They had moved to the area in the early twentieth century to find jobs in and related to mining. Distinct from their Protestant neighbors religiously, Italian Americans also differed in their drinking culture, practices that were largely beyond the influence of Protestant pastors. Motivated by a desire to rehabilitate their community's reputation after the massacre, ministers and their reform allies joined forces with an expanding KKK in Illinois. Although the county's Law Enforcement League was led by Protestant ministers, by the summer of 1923 its foremost supporter was no longer the Anti-Saloon League, but the KKK. Williamson County Prohibitionists unleashed an enforcement campaign that targeted Catholics and immigrants. In a public address one minister labeled all members of the local Catholic parish "bootleggers" and promised to jail them.
The Law Enforcement League followed its rhetoric with action. It bypassed apathetic state officials and secured authorization from the federal Prohibition commissioner to organize local raids and pursue prosecutions. The League hired Seth Glenn Young, a former Prohibition agent, who spent the fall of 1923 gathering evidence. On the night of December 22, 1923, three Prohibition agents sent to Williamson County deputized Young and five hundred men, mostly Klansmen. They formed into small, armed groups and raided more than 100 places that night, arresting more than seventy-five alleged Volstead violators. Two weeks later a second raid targeted private homes in Herrin's Italian community, which enforcers assumed was a source of illegal liquor. Raiders meted out rough treatment, including theft and planted evidence. Outraged Italian American Herrin residents appealed to their consulate, which reported the raids to the State Department. National Guard troops were called in to quell the chaos. Although Federal Prohibition officials promised no further raids in the county, local dry enforcers were not deterred. On February 2, Young led more than one thousand men in raids that covered much of the county. More than 138 people were arrested, transported to nearby Benton, IL, and marched through town with streets lined with Klan supporters. Some homes and business were set ablaze during the raids.
The Independent reported the death of S. Glenn Young, "a gunman and killer" whom the KKK in Williamson County had hired to enforce Prohibition. The magazine attacked the local minister whose funeral sermon had praised Young.
The violence sparked anti-Klan opposition, notably the Knights of the Flaming Circle–a group organized by a miner who had been charged with bootlegging–and the local sheriff. When the two forces confronted each other in a shootout in Herrin, civil order broke down. Young jailed the mayor and sheriff and appointed himself the town's authority. Illinois' governor declared martial law in Williamson and returned the National Guard to Herrin. Young's vigilantes were disarmed and Young himself faced charges for assault, battery, and theft.
Although the large raids ended, conflicts between drys and wets, and between anti-Klan and Klan forces, continued, encouraged by Williamson's Protestant ministers, who praised Young as a hero. The dry militant was killed in a shootout with a leader of the Knights of the Flaming Circle in January 1925.
Young's widow published this highly laudatory account of the vigilante's actions just months after his death. The KKK, of which Young was a member, figured prominently in her account, including as an honor guard at his funeral.
Although Young's death marked the decline of local Klan power in Williamson, it accomplished some of its goals, both immediate and long-term. Around 50 soft-drink parlors (which sold alcohol illegally) permanently closed. More significantly, the raids and the terror they created pushed immigrants and African Americans out of the county. More than one-third of immigrants and their children left, as did between one-quarter and one-third of African Americans.
The chain of events that led to enforcement in places like Williamson County permanently changed and expanded the national penal system. The number of federal prisoners quadrupled between 1915 and 1930 (from 3,000 to 12,000). A larger prison population required organized administration and more record keeping. President Hoover created the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 1930. Although the Census Bureau had kept track of the number of prisoners, the new bureau took over this task, with increasing sophistication and professionalization. More prisons were built, and the parole system was expanded. By 1929 the Prohibition Bureau appropriated more than $15 million, which was more than three times what it had been in 1920, and equivalent to over $200 million today. This spending created the first significant national police force.
As Lisa McGirr argues, in the longer term, today's "War on Drugs" is, in many ways, Prohibition's policy legacy. Begun in 1971 by Richard Nixon, the modern campaign against narcotics has been even more selectively enforced than Prohibition was. Race has played a much more central role in sentencing and enforcement, leading to such discriminatory sentencing that some states have been cited for violation of international human rights agreements.
What about Gangsters and Organized Crime?
Sociologist John Landesco contributed a landmark study of organized crime in The Illinois Crime Survey, which was published by the Illinois Association for Criminal Justice in 1929.
Focusing on Prohibition enforcement, like the example in Williamson County, rather than crime, compels us to reexamine a central, but incorrect, narrative about Prohibition: that it led to the creation of organized crime. John Landesco, a University of Chicago sociologist, and others, investigated this question during the 1920s. He published his findings as part of a landmark study in 1929, The Illinois Crime Survey. In 1932 he published a short article, "Prohibition and Crime," in a professional journal, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, which is included here.
Landesco compared the homicide rate during Prohibition (when Chicago gangs battled over control of bootlegging in the notorious "beer wars") with earlier decades and found that in the ten years between 1900 and 1910 the murder rate actually increased sharply, while it remained steady for much of the 1920s. Using statistics and crime data he also showed that organized crime existed before Prohibition, although it expanded during this period. Regulatory laws against prostitution, alcohol, and gambling had created the corrupt system of paying off officials and controlling territory, which continued under Prohibition. The Eighteenth Amendment also did not create gangsters; they already existed. Prohibition simply provided them another opportunity, which they exploited. These young men, most of whom, Landesco pointed out, were American-born, did so because they lived in neighborhoods without better alternatives to crime, which were already controlled by criminal gangs. Furthermore, Landesco argued that all of the institutions that should have helped them–the home, the church, schools, vocational education, government, the playground, and settlement houses–had failed them. For the "gangster chief of an immigrant community" to capture the saloon industry, as Landesco put it, meant upward social mobility for him and his community. Lastly, he pointed out that Prohibition created two kinds of special homicides. Gang war deaths were well known, but Landesco realized that Prohibition also led to liquor law enforcement killings. Between 1920 and 1930 more than 1,500 people (police officers and civilians) died during violent clashes over Prohibition enforcement.
Flappers, Rebellion, and Repeal
"While the Prohibition era yielded numerous surprises, few were as startling as women's rebellion against the noble experiment," declared historian Michael A. Lerner recently. Flappers started the revolt.
This illustration, "Helen Bullitt Lowry Watching Puritanism Set the Flapper Free," accompanied Lowry's essay, "The Uninhibited Flapper," in which she argued that Prohibition had finally destroyed Puritanism.
In a 1922 essay, "The Uninhibited Flapper," journalist Helen Bullitt Lowry characterized the flapper's revolt by her flask. "The flapper is released from the strangle hold that is throttling the rest of us," she wrote. "If somebody makes a law for her, she promptly and blithely breaks it, the pocket flask for the moment being the outward and visible sign of the spirit—and spirits—of her wide-flung rebellion." Lowry understood the flapper's goal–to destroy the sexual double standard:
"So that for the reformers and the prohibitionists, the censors and the woman's club resolutionists! Their bi-product is Miss Twentieth Century Unlimited, the one uninhibited creature in Volsteaded civilization. Controls—of liquor and of birth—have given us The Flapper. The official reformers, reinforcing the sagging inhibitions and corsets of the nineteenth century, were just the final impetus needed to drive her out into the open."
The lessening of controls on young women's sex and drinking, Lowry observed, allowed them to bring their behavior closer to men's, eliminating the need for a double standard, a state of affairs Lowry called "Puritanical." Young women no longer had to act more innocent than they were, and young men didn't have to pretend all their intentions were honorable or to hide certain behaviors from women. In the cartoon that accompanied her essay, a larger-than-life Lowry leans on a statue of Queen Victoria while supporting a young flapper sprawled against her feet. As Lowry watches, a middle-aged Puritan releases the flapper from a chain attached to the base of Victoria's pedestal.
In 1925 The New Republic writer interviewed a flapper, who declared that flappers believed that "a bachelor girl can and should do everything a bachelor man does."
Bruce Bliven, a writer for The New Republic and its future editor, wrote much the same thing a few years later in a 1925 article, "Flapper Jane," although he used a more restrained tone: "They [flappers] clearly mean … that in the great game of sexual selection they shall no longer be forced to play the role, simulated or real, of helpless quarry."
Caricaturist Miguel Covarrubias also portrayed flappers as central actors in American culture in his circa 1930 double portrait of New York night club owner Texas Guinan and Woman's Christian Temperance Union President Ella Boole. It appeared in Vanity Fair in January 1933 as part of a regular feature, "Impossible Interviews." This one paired Guinan and Boole by pointing out how both women benefitted from, and needed, Prohibition. Between 1924 and 1931, Guinan became New York City's most successful club owner, opening and managing a series of spectacular night clubs, and the city's most exuberant example of flapper culture. She was also a symbolic leader in the rebellion against Prohibition, according to Michael Lerner. Boole, as head of what had been to that point the largest women's reform organization in US history, represented the political counterpoint to Guinan. By 1933, when this article appeared, repeal was around the corner and the WCTU's political star was in serious decline.
Flappers rejected the moral authority earlier generations of women had adopted to effect social and political change. This rejection broke apart deeply-held cultural and religious assumptions about gender, morality, and behavior, and separated the issue of temperance from women's political identities. Politically it destroyed any lingering, post-suffrage illusions that women would vote as a unified (and moral) political bloc.
Writer, novelist, and women's rights advocate Margaret Culkin Banning wrote in 1930 that the "lifting of a glass was, for a little while, one of the modern gestures," particularly for women. But she argued for moderation, not excess.
Writer Margaret Culkin Banning captured this political turn. In a 1930 article in Vogue, she identified a shift in opinion among young, urban women away from the excessive, rebellious drinking of the flapper on the one hand, and toward Prohibition law reform on the other. While she implicitly gave the flapper her due, in helping to destroy "artificial restraints," Banning assumed her readers accepted moderate drinking for women. She normalized a new drinking standard for women and redefined temperance in the process, which she still called "a good and lovely thing." Yet, she unequivocally insisted that women could not go back to an earlier attitude that "regarded liquor as a sin and wanted to forbid and prohibit." Banning also praised Pauline Morton Sabin, a socially prominent New Yorker (heiress to the Morton Salt fortune), who was a relatively new player in Prohibition politics.
Although Sabin had not been a suffragist or worked for the Eighteenth Amendment, when she entered party politics in the early 1920s, she rose quickly. By 1923 she was appointed to the Republican National Committee. Like many women during the 1920s, Sabin changed her mind about Prohibition. Originally supporting it as a policy that would improve the world and help her sons, she grew disillusioned with the hypocrisy of Prohibition supporters who personally used alcohol and began to resent temperance leaders' insistence that all women supported the Eighteenth Amendment. In a later interview, Sabin recounted the moment she realized her own political rebellion. Upon hearing WCTU President Ella Boole state in front of Congress, "I represent the women of America!" Sabin said to herself, "Well, lady, here's one woman you don't represent." She held back until after the 1928 election, which took Republican Herbert Hoover to the White House, then resigned from the Republican National Committee and formed the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform (WONPR), a national, bipartisan women's group to change and then repeal the law.
Sabin took Guinan's revolt and turned it into political independence. As historian Michael Lerner put it, "[she] … showed American women that they were no longer bound to support the Prohibition movement politically, just as flappers had shown women that they were not obligated to uphold outdated social mores." Sabin and the women of the WONPR were not flappers; however, the press and public embraced them as having an iconoclastic spirit, and portrayed them as smart, sophisticated, modern women. By the end of 1931 the WONPR had attracted more than 400,000 members and it soon surpassed 1.3 million, making it the largest repeal organization in the nation and Sabin the de facto leader of the movement. At the end of the Prohibition decade women's position on the issue had reversed: where before women had learned to consider alcohol their enemy, by 1930 they, as a whole, no longer believed that.
Chicago, Anti-Prohibition, and a New Coalition
Amid "stormy applause," Chicago's German-language newspaper the Abendpost reported mayoral candidate William Hale Thompson's statement that "the police should be employed to suppress crimes, and not in carrying out [P]rohibition laws."
Although Prohibition seemed to end with the beginning of the New Deal—repeal being one of FDR's economy-boosting measures during his first 100 days—in fact, politically, Prohibition's end had come sooner. As the Abendpost, the largest German-language newspaper in Chicago, put it in 1928, "it [opposition to the Eighteenth Amendment] isn't foremost about thirst." Rather, it was the rejection of "morality through police handcuffs" and "the dictatorship they [Prohibitionists] seek to establish." As historian Lisa McGirr has shown, Prohibition led to the political mobilization of ethnic, working class people into the Democratic Party for the 1928 election—four years earlier than most historians have generally understood this new coalition to have occurred, and well before the Depression and the New Deal. Repeal happened because of wide and organized opposition to Prohibition; middle and upper-middle class women in the WONPR (as we saw in the previous section) and working class ethnic people who moved from the Republican to the Democratic Party.
Taken by surprise by William Thompson's mayoral victory in Chicago in 1927, The New Republic declared that the mayor-elect's speeches had "probably beat the record in American politics for irrelevance, demagogy and vulgarity."
The New Republic sensed part of this political change during the 1927 Chicago mayoral election, a contest that the frankly corrupt and rascally Bill Thompson, a Republican, won easily over the Democratic incumbent, William Dever. In "Why Did Chicago Do It?" the magazine recognized that voters who had responded to Thompson's ability to build a political coalition were a new, up-and-coming coalition of "polyglot Americans." They were "a class-conscious sub-community which is just beginning to get together in large American cities and to find itself out… . they are creating a new urban America … which is divorced from the old America of rural and middle-class Puritanism." Dever's mistake (although not his only one) was to try to enforce Prohibition on a wet city.
The next year's presidential contest, between dry Republican Herbert Hoover and wet Democrat Al Smith, unleashed a torrent of Democratic Party mobilization among Chicago's ethnic groups. Independent Polish, Czech, Italian, and German groups worked for Smith. As one Czech daily paper announced, it was "Governor Al Smith or Prohibition." Polonia, the city's major Polish newspaper, called the election one of the nation's most important because at stake was "religious tolerance, the victory of personal freedom … ." As the Abendpost'seditors put it in an October 1928 headline about the organization of German-Americans for Al Smith, "'Back to Personal Liberty!' Is the Watchword." By incorporating the anti-Prohibition slogan, "Personal Liberty," into the headline, the paper made its position on Smith and the 1928 election clear.
With its headline, the German-language paper in Chicago underscored its support for Prohibition reform as it reported briefly on German-American support for Al Smith.
The mobilization worked. Before 1928 Chicago's Polish community had pretty nearly divided its vote between Democratic and Republican presidential candidates. But in this election, Poles voted overwhelmingly for Smith; nearly 80% of them voted for the governor from New York. The pattern in Chicago–of immigrant, ethnic communities rallying to Smith's banner—occurred in major, industrialized cities throughout the Northeast and Midwest, from Boston and New York, to Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Milwaukee. Although before this election one could not generalize about an ethnic vote in the United States, after it the idea had taken shape. In 1932 this coalition would sweep Roosevelt into office and inaugurate the New Deal and its realignment of national policy.
Prohibition and Twentieth Century U.S. History
As late as 1930 a Progressive as significant as Eleanor Roosevelt declared, "I believe in Prohibition," although she did aver "some difficulties about enforcement." It was a statement with which many of her fellow women Progressives agreed. A 1928 Outlook magazine poll reported that 77% of American women under age 45 who were polled still supported Prohibition, a percentage that had not moved appreciably for eight years. (For men of the same age, the approval rate had dropped from 67.5% to 58%.) Drinking rates after repeal did not return to pre-Prohibition levels until the 1960s, more than a generation after the end of the Eighteenth Amendment. These facts in themselves can only suggest that Prohibition had a longer, more significant effect on American society than is usually realized. Events in Williamson County, Illinois, New York City, and Chicago reveal how deeply Prohibition reshaped American culture and social processes, from social behavior, to the shape of the justice system, to presidential politics and national social policy.
Selected Sources
Angle, Paul M. Bloody Williamson: A Chapter in American Lawlessness. New York: Knopf, 1952.
Blocker, Jack S., Jr., American Temperance Movements: Cycles of Reform. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988.
Kyvig, David E., ed. Law, Alcohol, and Order: Perspectives on Prohibition. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985.
Lerner, Michael A. Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Green, Paul M. and Melvin G. Holli, eds. The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition, revised ed. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1995.
McGirr, Lisa. The War on Alcohol: Prohibition and the Rise of the American State. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2016.
Peel, Roy V., and Thomas C. Donnelly. The 1928 Campaign: An Analysis. New York: New York University Book Store, 1931.
Originally published by Newberry Digital Collections for the Classroom, Newberry Library, republished with permission for educational, non-commercial purposes.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Alcohol, Chicago, History, Prohibition. Bookmark the permalink.
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text:
import os
import heapq
import time
import threading
import select
import errno

local = threading.local()
import logging

def stop():
  """Stops the current event loop"""
  current_event_loop().stop()

def call_later(when, method, *args):
  return current_event_loop().call_later(when, method, *args)

def call_soon(method, *args):
  return current_event_loop().call_soon(method, *args)

def call_soon_threadsafe(method, *args):
  return current_event_loop().call_soon_threadsafe(method, *args)

def current_event_loop():
  if not hasattr(local, 'event_loop'):
    local.event_loop = EventLoop()
  return local.event_loop

def add_reader(fd, callback, *args):
  current_event_loop().add_reader(fd, callback, *args)

def remove_reader(fd):
  current_event_loop().remove_reader(fd)

def remove_writer(fd):
  current_event_loop().remove_writer(fd)

def run():
  current_event_loop().run()

def fileno(fd):
  if isinstance(fd, int):
    return fd
  else:
    return fd.fileno()

# Note: this is a port of a run_loop I wrote 10 years ago,
# I've started adapting it to conform to http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3156/
# which will be implemented for Python 3.4
# Who knows, maybe this could be used to backport this capabilities to older
# pythons.

# Anyway long story short the description and docs in this class methods
# may

class EventLoop(object):
  """An event loop that provides edge-triggered notifications.

  This EventLoop monitors a series of file descriptors, timers and
  OS signals for events.

  Each pass through the EventLoop we check to see if any timer has
  expired at which point we call the timer's timeout() method
  giving the Timer an oprotunity to preform any neccary actions.

  After notifying each expired Timer we calculate how long until
  the next timer (if any) will expire.

  We then ask the OS to put us to sleep until one or more of
  our event sources has is ready or our timeout has expired.

  When we wake up it's because  one of our descriptors
  are in the ready state, a timer has expired or both.

  If one of our descriptors is ready we remove it from the list of
  descriptors to be monitored and then notify the apportiate
  callback/delegate that it can now read or write the descriptor
  without blocking. Note: it's the responsabilty of the delegate
  to ask the EventLoop to remonitor a descriptor
  *NOTE* Above statement is incorrect,

  And that's it the loop starts over if there are any timers or
  descriptors left to be monitored.

  You do not need to instatiate a EventLoop, there should only be
  one per thread. To get the EventLoop for the current thread simply
  call current_event_loop() like so

  >>> import event_loop
  >>> loop = event_loop.current_event_loop()

  To determine if the EventLoop is running you can examine it's
  running property, in this paticular case we're not running

  >>> loop.running
  False

  To start the EventLoop you must call run(), this will block the
  thread until the EventLoop runs out of things to montior. Since we
  have nothing to montior calling run() will return right away.
  >>> loop.run()
  >>> loop.running
  False

  So we have a Timer, it has an attribute called timeOutCalled
  which is currently false

  >>> myTimer.timeOutCalled
  False

  We add it to the EventLoop then run the EventLoop
  >>> timer = EventLoop.addTimer(myTimer)
  >>> EventLoop.run()

  And when the EventLoop completes our timer's timeout value should
  have been called.
  >>> myTimer.timeOutCalled
  True

  Noticed that the code returned imediatly because after signaling
  this timer there was nothing else to monitor. Typically
  applications that use a EventLoop will always ensure that there's
  something to monitor. For instance we can make a component that
  get's called once every millisecond for 10 miliseconds by simply
  readding the Timer back to the EventLoop in the Timer's timeout
  method like this.

  >>> class HeartBeat:
  ...   def __init__(self):
  ...     self.time = time.time() + .01
  ...     self.cancelled = self.called = False
  ...     self.ticks = 0
  ...   def on_timeout(self):
  ...     self.ticks += 1
  ...     if self.ticks < 10:
  ...       self.time = time.time() + .01
  ...       EventLoop.currentEventLoop().addTimer(self)

  Notice in this example a couple of things, for one we set
  HeartBeat.time to be the current time plus ".01". In other words
  we want are timeout() method to be called 1 milisecond from
  now. We keep track of how many times we're called, if it's less
  than 10 we reschedule ourselves back in the current
  EventLoop. This demonstrates how an object doesn't need to keep a
  reference to the EventLoop to use it.

  >>> timer = HeartBeat()
  >>> timer.ticks
  0

  >>> timer = EventLoop.addTimer(timer)
  >>> EventLoop.run()
  >>> timer.ticks
  10

  Normally you wouldn't implement your own Timer class because
  most of the basic ones that you'd need have already been
  implemented for you like a DeferedCall which will run a specific
  method after a certain delay and optionally repeat if neccesary.

  """

  def __init__(self):
    self.threadCallQueue = []
    self.readers = {}
    self.writers = {}

    reader, writer = os.pipe()

    self.waker = writer

    self.waker_reader = Stream(reader)

    self.running = False
    self.timers = []

  @property
  def log(self):
    return logging

  def add_reader(self, fd, callback, *args):
    self.readers[fileno(fd)] = (callback, args)

  def remove_reader(self, fd):
    del self.readers[fileno(fd)]

  def add_writer(self, fd, callback, *args):
    self.writers[fileno(fd)] = (callback, args)

  def remove_writer(self, fd):
    del self.writers[fileno(fd)]

  def reset(self):
    self.running = False
    self.readers = {}
    self.writers = {}
    self.timers  = []
    self.threadCallQueue = []
    self.waker_reader.read(1)

  def _shouldRun(self,timerCapacity):
     # Internal method, determines if the EventLoop should be stooped.

     # EventLoop.run() will call this method with a value of 0,
     # indicating that if there are any timers, then the EventLoop
     # should continue until they fire

     # EventLoop.runUntil() will call this method with a value of
     # one, indicating that there must be more than 1 timer, or
     # else the EventLoop should quit. This is because runUntil()
     # adds one timer to stop the EventLoop at the specified time,
     # but this timer shouldn't be considered something that keeps
     # the EventLoop going if there is no other activity to monitor.

     # Keep calling the EventLoop until some one stops us, we
     # have no timers or the readers and writers drops to 1
     # (EventLoops keep one reader around to wake
     # themselves up from a sleep)
     return self.running and (len(self.readers) + len(self.writers)  > 1 or
                              len(self.timers) > timerCapacity or self.threadCallQueue)

  def quitOnExceptionHandler(self, exception):
    self.log.exception("Caught unexpected error in RunOnce.")
    self.stop()
  handleException = quitOnExceptionHandler

  def run(self, reset_on_stop=True):
    """Keeps the EventLoop going until it's explicitly stoped or it runs out
    of things to monitor."""

    if self.running:
      raise RuntimeError("EventLoop is already running.")
    else:
      self.reset()
      self.running = True

    while self.running: #self._shouldRun(0):
      try:
        self.runOnce()
      except Exception, e:
        self.handleException(e)

    if reset_on_stop:
      self.reset()

  def runUntil(self, stopDate=None, **kw):
     """Runs the EventLoop until the given time plus interval have been
     reached or it runs out of things to monitor. This method
     should not be called when the EventLoop is already running.

     The current time is assumed, if no date time is passed in.

     Examples:(note, these aren't real doctests yet)

     Run until a given date, say St. Patty's day
     >> date=datetime.datetime(2007, 03,17, 17,00)
     >> EventLoop.currentEventLoop().runUntil(dateAndTime)

     Additionally you can pass in any keyword argument normally
     taken by daetutilse.relativedelta to derive the date. These
     include:

     years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds

     These are moste useful when you want to compute the relative
     offset from now. For example to run the EventLoop for 5 seconds
     you could do this.

     >> EventLoop.currentEventLoop().runUntil(seconds=5)

     Or, probably not as practical but still possible, wait one
     year and 3 days

     >> EventLoop.currentEventLoop().runUntil(years=1, days=3)

     """

     if self.running:
        raise RuntimeError("EventLoop is already running.")
     else:
        self.running = True

     delta = relativedelta(**kw)
     now = datetime.datetime.now()

     if stopDate is None:
        stopDate = now

     stopDate = now + delta

     # convert the time back into seconds since the epoch,
     # subtract now from it, and this will then be the delay we
     # can use

     seconds2Run = time.mktime(stopDate.timetuple()) - time.mktime(now.timetuple())
     self.waitBeforeCalling(seconds2Run, self.stop)

     while self._shouldRun(1):
        try:
           self.runOnce()
        except:
           self.log.exception("Caught unexpected error in RunOnce.")

     self.reset()

  def runOnce(self):
     # call every fucnction that was queued via callFromThread up
     # until this point, but nothing more. If not we could be
     # stuck doing this forever and never getting to the other calls

     pending = len(self.threadCallQueue)
     tried   = 0
     try:
        for (f, a, kw) in self.threadCallQueue[:pending]:
           tried += 1
           f(*a, **kw)

     finally:
        # it's possible that more calls could have came in since we
        # started, bu they should be on the end of the list
        del self.threadCallQueue[:tried]

     # we sleep until we either receive data or our earliest
     # timer has expired.

     currentTime = time.time()
     # fire every timer that's expired

     while self.timers:
           timer   = heapq.heappop(self.timers)
           if timer.cancelled:
                 continue

           timeout = timer.time - currentTime
           if timeout <= 0:
                 # it's expired call it
                 timer.on_timeout()
           else:
                 # this timer hasn't expired put it back on the list
                 heapq.heappush(self.timers, timer)
                 break

     else:
           if (len(self.readers) + len(self.writers)) < 1:
                 # we don't have any timers, if we're not monitoring
                 # any descriptors we need to bail
                 return
           else:
                 # no timed events but we have file descriptors
                 # to monitor so sleep until they have
                 # activity.

                 timeout = None

     try:
           ready2Read, ready2Write, hadErrors =\
                       select.select(self.readers.keys(),
                                     self.writers.keys(),
                                     [], timeout)

     except (select.error, IOError), e:
           if e.args[0] == errno.EINTR:

                 # a signal interupted our select, hopefully
                 # someone eles is handling signals and using
                 # callFromeThread to do the right thing.
                 return
           elif e.args[0] == errno.EBADF:
             # ugh
             self.clear_bad_descriptor()
             return
           else:
                 raise

     while ready2Read or ready2Write or hadErrors:
      # note the popping alows us not get hung up doing all reads all writes
      # at once, not sure how useful this is.
      if ready2Read:
        fileno = ready2Read.pop()
        callback, args = self.readers[fileno]#.pop(fileno)
        callback(*args)

      if ready2Write:
        writer = ready2Write.pop()
        # writer may have been removed by a callback in ready to read
        # hence the do nothing default
        callback, args = self.writers.get(writer, (lambda:None,[]))
        callback(*args)
       # writers, when ready will always be ready. To
       # avoid an infinite loop an app that wishes to
       # read the data they must call addWriter()
       # again

  def stop(self):
    # drop us out of the run loop on it's next pass
    self.running = False
    self.wakeup()

  def addTimer(self, timer):
    heapq.heappush(self.timers, timer)
    self.wakeup()
    # we return the timer for convienance sake
    return timer

  def wakeup(self):
    os.write(self.waker, 'x') # write one byte to wake up the EventLoop

  def on_wakeup(self):
    # we've been woken up, ignore the data and readAgain which
    # should schedule us once more back in the EventLoop
    self.waker_reader.read(1)

  def call_later(self, seconds, method, *args,  **kw):
    # Create a non repeating event
    dc = DelayedCall(seconds, method, *args,  **kw)
    self.addTimer(dc)
    return dc

  def call_soon(self, callback, *args):
    return self.call_later(0, callback, *args)

  def call_soon_threadsafe(self, f, *args):
    assert callable(f), "%s is not callable" % f
    self.threadCallQueue.append((f, args, kw))
    self.wakeup()

  def intervalBetweenCalling(self, secondsOrRRule, method, *args, **kw):
     # Create a repeating event, this method can be called
     # either with the number of seconds between each call or
     # it can be passed a string or dateutil.rrule

     t = type(secondsOrRRule)
     # Convert to an RRULe if it's a string or a number
     if t in (int, float):
        rule = rrule.rrule(rrule.SECONDLY, interval=secondsOrRRule)
     elif isinstance(secondsOrRRule, basestring):
        rule = rrule.rrulestr(secondsOrRRule)
     else:
        # hopefully it's an object that returns an iteration of datetime objects
        rule = secondsOrRRule

     dc = DelayedCall(iter(rule), method, *args,  **kw)
     self.addTimer(dc)
     return dc

  def clear_bad_descriptor(self):
    # ugh not pretty when this happens

    for key in self.readers.keys():
      try:
        select.select([key],[],[], 0)
      except Exception, e:
        bad = self.readers.pop(key)
        bad.onError(e)

    for key in self.writers.keys():
      try:
        select.select([],[key],[], 0)
      except Exception, e:
        bad = self.writers.pop(key)
        bad.onError(e)

class DelayedCall:
  def __init__(self, secondsOrRRule, func, *args, **kw):
     self.repeatRule = None
     try:
        self.time = time.time() + secondsOrRRule
     except TypeError:
        # it's not a number of seconds hopefully it's an rrule that's been converted to a generator
        self.repeatRule = secondsOrRRule
        dt = self.repeatRule.next()
        self.time = time.mktime(dt.timetuple()) #time.time() + self.delay

     self.cancelled = self.called = False
     self.func = func
     self.args = args
     self.kw = kw
     self.delayed_time = 0

  def __cmp__(self, other):
     return cmp(self.time, other.time)

  def on_timeout(self):
    if not self.cancelled:
      self.func(*self.args, **self.kw)
      if self.repeatRule:
        try:
          dt = self.repeatRule.next()
          self.time = time.mktime(dt.timetuple()) #time.time() + self.delay
          current_event_loop().addTimer(self)
        except StopIteration: # rule has been exhausted
          pass

  def cancel(self):
    """Unschedule this call

    @raise AlreadyCancelled: Raised if this call has already been
    unscheduled.

    @raise AlreadyCalled: Raised if this call has already been made.
    """
    if self.cancelled:
       raise RuntimeError("Already Cancelled")
    elif self.called:
       raise RuntimeError("Already Called")
    else:
       self.cancelled = True
       del self.func, self.args, self.kw

class Future(object):
  counter = 0
  def __init__(self):
    Future.counter += 1
    self.id = Future.counter

from .transports import Stream

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Last year, a plan to bring mostly white collar jobs held by contractors in-house was released by the Obama administration, arguing that government employees could do the same work cheaper.
Here's one such in-sourcing battle.
Control of the multi-billion dollar maintenance budget for Boeing C-17s is the source for an increasingly public and bitter feud between the US Air Force and industry.
The USAF said in January it would take over management of the C-17 supply chain in FY2012, essentially firing Boeing from the job after a 12-year run. Responsibility for managing the F-22's supply chain also will be transferred from Lockheed Martin to the USAF. The decisions mean hundreds of millions of dollars in program integration costs will shift from industry balance sheets to government accounts.
For months, industry officials argued privately with senior USAF officials, questioning the methodology used to justify a claim that in-sourcing the C-17 maintenance and logistics would yield $250 million annually.
As for the Navy and Army, they plan to increase the use of performance-based contracts to maintain weapon systems.
USAF "Watch-dog" Satellites: We're Here to Help?


Discussion in 'Rifles, Bullets, Barrels & Ballistics' started by NHGriff, May 13, 2010.
I'm looking for an action for a 6.5 X 284 hunting build up. I don't want to go the custom action route so I'm looking for the least expensive action that I can get. I'm thinking of either a Rem 700 or Win 70. I'd buy the whole rifle and ditch the parts I don't need if that works out cheaper, just wondering where you all start looking.
I've stopped by my local gun shop to see what they have but they only want to deal with nicer guns. Any deals on-line?
This will be my first build up but I have an excellent gunsmith that is local and will help with the build up. His name is Ray Simard and he's been shooting longer than I've been alive and is still better than I will hope to be, plus he's an old yankee so he only spends the money on things that will gain accuracy.
Any place to start will be appreciated.
check the pawn shops and does your smith consider savage?
The weatherby vanguard action is very good and you can get those fairly cheap on the used rack or pawn shop.
If you open to a Savage, I'd recommend a $250 Stevens 200 in 30-06. Ditch the barrel and stock. Get a good stock ($100-$400) and a quality pre-fit ($280-up).
It's the cheapest way to have a great shooting gun without the custom gun price tag.
Have you searched or posted in the ''for sale'' or ''for trade'' threads at the bottom of the L/R/H main page?
Most any and all pawn shops have Win. Model-70's and Rem 700's for sale. Some fella pawned it and didnt know what he had, or fell on hard times or what ever. Dont go in and buy a pitted out peicer. You can find a great ''donor'' that way. As far as wich one out of the two, thats completely up to you as the shooter, and wich bolt throw and safety you prefer. I dont get into ''this ones best'' any more on account of everyone has a different opinion to what is ''best''(cost, fit and finish, feel, bolt angle, magazine or clip etc). I personaly like Winchester, but BOTH are Exelent actions to build on. What do you prefer is the question you need to answer. Wich one do you feel most comfy with. You cant go wrong with either one. Theyve both stood the test of time, and MANY custom builds have been done on both with top notch results. Comes down to personal preferance between the two I think.
Ask the Rem fans (Broz, or Nonya, maybe Chas1) wich Rem NOT to buy. I think I hered something about a newer Rem that was ''not so builder friendly'', but dont have a clue wich model it was. As long as you get the right Rem action your fine.
By the time you have a factory action cleaned up you'll have a pretty penny into it. Sure, the Surgeon's, Borden's and the like will cost you around $1100-1200 or so. Take a look at the Pierce Premier Rifle Smiths : Firearm Part Manufacturer .
It you're looking at a long action repeater, $985 for an action "ready" to be screwed onto your barrel action and needs no "smithing" might be the way to go. He even Cerakotes it for free if you want.
I know I am. My 'smith, Chris Matthews of Longshot rifles Long Range Hunting Rifles from Long Shot Rifles Custom Built Rifles suggested it to me and he is well known over on 6mmbr.com. He is building my next few rifles for me.
Definitely the least expensive action to build on in the long run would be the Stevens 200. You can buy the action only, or can buy the rifle, part it out and keep just the action. Add a Rifle Basix trigger, stock, good aftermarket prefit barrel, bed it, mount your scope and go.
The least expensive action up front would be a Mauser. Sarco had them for $90 last month, and probably some still left. By the time you add trigger, update safety for scope, forge bolt handle, lap lugs & bolt, lap bolt raceways, and true receiver, you've got more into than the Stevens. But, you will have a CRF action. It'll take some rail work to get the 284 case to feed.
Another route you can go is the FNH SPR action (same as a Win 70 short action, CRF) with DBM. CDNN has actions (and Hogue stocks to fit them) available. Stock options are limited, as the DBM is different than the Win 70 inlet, so the Hogue stock and McMillan are the only choices AFAIK. I just completed a build on this action, and it was very square. My smith indexed it up, and found no reason to blueprint it (maybe I just got lucky). It's printing bugholes, so I don't think he was wrong... I had to butcher a Win 70 SA stock to put it into until I can afford a custom Russo stock. Action fit nicely, just had to hog out for the bottom metal - it's a LOT different than the hinged floorplate!
x2 LTLR IMHO the Vanguard/Howa makes a great donor and you can usually pick them up in the $300 range.


As expected, Amazon debuted a new version of its Echo speaker on Tuesday. The new Echo Show ($230) builds on another recent addition to the Amazon's smart speaker family, the Echo Look ($200), which has a camera (but not a screen).
The new additions will bring the total number of Amazon speakers equipped with Alexa, the company's voice-activated virtual assistant, to five. Which one would work best for you? We break down the particulars below, and include some strategies for getting the best prices possible.
Rest assured that Alexa is "inside" all of Amazon's smart speakers. You can ask her to check your credit card balance, find a summertime playlist, search for an open diner, order you more laundry detergent, give you the weather and a slew of other requests (including, if you're my friend's first grader, blast Nickelback songs to annoy the grown-ups). All of the devices stream Amazon Music, Spotify, Pandora, iHeartRadio and TuneIn, or music from connected devices. You can also call or message anyone via the Alexa app with the Echo, Echo Dot, and Echo Show.
As for finding the best deals, well, Amazon just cut the price of the original Echo from $180 to $150. The move clearly seems timed to boost sales before the newer Echos hit the market, and it's unclear if the price drop is temporary or permanent.
Smart shoppers should also be aware that Amazon periodically discounts the prices of its devices on special days throughout the year. For instance, on the 2016 version of Amazon Prime Day—a made-up day for deals held in July the past two years—the regular Amazon Echo was priced at $130, or $50 off the list price. Amazon routinely slashes its device prices on Thanksgiving, Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and some random sales days as well. So if you don't want to pay full price for an Echo or any other Amazon-branded gadget, just be patient.
In order to be ready to pounce when Amazon's gadgets see price cuts of $10, $30, or more, you must know which device you want. Here's a primer on Amazon's family of smart speakers for anyone thinking about bringing Alexa home.
The flagship Echo won kudos from audiophiles for its speaker quality and introduced America to the idea of talking to a piece of plastic that will automatically start listening without your having to lift a finger. It's also nice that, as mentioned above, the original Echo just got cheaper thanks to a $30 price cut from Amazon.
Currently available by invitation only, the Echo Look stands out because of its hands-free camera. You can take photos and short videos via voice command, and even ask Alexa if what you're wearing looks good on you. Amazon uses algorithms as well as human stylists for its Style Check feature.
The brand new Show's seven-inch screen lets you make video calls to other people who have the device or the Alexa app, basically turning the speaker into a full-time home communication hub. (Watch out, phone companies.) Adding the screen also expands the number of things you can ask Alexa to do or show you. You can watch content on YouTube, see music lyrics and photos, and even view what's happening somewhere else in the house with a compatible baby monitor or security camera. It will be available to Amazon Prime members on June 28, and can be preordered now.
The Dot has a built-in speaker, but its appeal is more for the audiophiles who can use its 3.5mm jack or Bluetooth to connect the device to a speaker or home theater system they love. Its smaller size also makes it easy to tuck Alexa into a spot where a full-sized speaker would get in the way — say, a bathroom or kitchen counter.
Road trip! The Tap is the Amazon speaker to bring on the go. It comes with a charging dock and a rechargeable battery, and is mobile-hotspot enabled. After an update, it's also hands-free, which is a plus if you're in the pool or trying to light the grill. Some reviewers have groused that the sound quality isn't as good as the Echo, but that's the trade-off you make for portability.


Since you now have the knowledge that you need, do not wait to get started with your interior design plans. Learning is one thing but you will only grasp the concepts when you apply them. Remain positive and it should work out.


Sweet Potato Spicy Chicken is a recipe to impress. A dinner recipe that is easy, and packed full of rich flavor that is sure to make the whole family happy. Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Soy Free, and Paleo.
You can use chicken thighs in this recipe which is very rich. Like oh-my this is amazing! However, if you want to keep your calorie count a little lower, but still want the flavor from the dark meat, do a combination of chicken thighs and breasts. Whichever meat you choose this dish is simple to pull together with a limited amount of prep and ingredients.


text:
<?php
/**
 * Exception for 417 Expectation Failed responses
 *
 * @package Requests
 */

/**
 * Exception for 417 Expectation Failed responses
 *
 * @package Requests
 */
class Requests_Exception_HTTP_417 extends Requests_Exception_HTTP {
	/**
	 * HTTP status code
	 *
	 * @var integer
	 */
	protected $code = 417;

	/**
	 * Reason phrase
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $reason = 'Expectation Failed';
}


Hacks for a Clean Kitchen!
Disclaimer: This shop has been compensated by Collective Bias Inc. and it's adviser. All opinions are mine alone. #PowerofDots #CollectiveBias Cleaning the kitchen is one of my least favorite chores.
Disclaimer: This shop has been compensated by Collective Bias Inc. and it's adviser. All opinions are mine alone. #Bananamazing #CollectiveBias Getting a 2 year old to eat enough is hard.
Get Up and Go Chocolate Protein Energy Balls!
Sawyer Street- Sawyer's 1st Birthday Party!
Spice up your Meal Prep!


text:
30 días de oscuridad (en inglés 30 Days of Night) es una
historieta de terror; publicada en el 2002 por la editorial estadounidense IDW Publishing. La historia fue escrita por Steve Niles, ilustrada por Ben Templesmith y la acción se desarrolla en Barrow, Alaska, Estados Unidos. La historieta fue editada en México en 2007 por Caligrama con el título de 30 días de noche y en España en 2008 con el título 30 días de oscuridad.

Al inicio fue un esbozo para una película, pero la miniserie se convirtió en un éxito de presentación para Steve Niles, cuyas obras previas habían pasado desapercibidas. La serie inicial ha sido continuada por varias secuelas.

En el 2007 se realizó una película homónima basada en la historieta.

Sinopsis
En 30 días de oscuridad un grupo de vampiros acude al pueblo Barrow, un asentamiento en Alaska donde debido a su proximidad al círculo polar el sol se pone durante treinta días, lo que permite a los vampiros alimentarse sin tener que preocuparse durante mucho tiempo de la luz del sol. Cuando un antiguo vampiro de nombre Vicente descubre este plan, viaja al pueblo Barrow para preservar el secreto de la existencia de su especie eliminando a todos los testigos. Debido al intenso frío, los sentidos de los vampiros se debilitan y unos pocos de los residentes humanos de Barrow consiguen ocultarse. Uno de estos sobrevivientes es el sheriff Eben Olemaun, que salva a la ciudad inyectándose sangre de vampiro en sus venas y convirtiéndose en uno de ellos. Utiliza su fuerza incrementada para luchar contra Vicente y salvar las vidas de los pocos humanos que quedan, incluyendo a su esposa Stella. Al sufrir la misma debilidad que los vampiros Eben muere y se convierte en cenizas al salir al sol.

Dark Days (Días de oscuridad) es la secuela de 30 días de oscuridad con el mismo equipo creativo original. Comienza en junio del año 2003 y muestra a Stella Olemaun tras haber sobrevivido al ataque contra el pueblo Barrow en la serie anterior. Tras publicar un informe sobre el ataque, Stella atrae la atención de los vampiros de la ciudad de Los Ángeles, así como de la amante de Vicente, líder de los vampiros que atacaron Barrow. Tras descubrir que existe una forma de traer a su marido Eben de regreso de la muerte, Stella hace un trato con el vampiro Dane, que quiere vengarse del asesinato de su mentor por Vicente. Los dos establecen una breve relación romántica. Stella intercambia las pruebas que posee sobre la existencia de los vampiros a cambio de los restos de su marido, con la esperanza de resucitarlo. Tras enfrentarse a los vampiros y acabar con muchos de ellos, finalmente consigue su propósito de resucitar a Eben. Los dos se reconcilian durante un breve momento antes de que Eben hunda sus colmillos en su garganta.

Esta serie también sirve como introducción para el personaje de Norris, vampiro y agente del FBI.

Estructura

Annual 2004
El Annual 2004 es un cómic de 48 páginas publicado en enero de 2004. Contiene cuatro historias cortas escritas por Steve Niles y dibujadas por diferentes ilustradores.

 The Book Club (El club del libro), ilustrada por el cocreador y dibujante original de 30 Días de Oscuridad, Ben Templesmith, consiste en una discusión sobre el libro de Stella Olemaun, que despierta sospechas sobre un vecino introvertido, que termina siendo asesinado.
 The Hand That Feeds (La mano que da de comer), ilustrada por Szymon Kudranski en la que muestra al vampiro Dane buscando un trasplante de mano de un excéntrico doctor.
 Agent Norris: MIA dibujado por Brandon Hovet, muestra la transformación del agente Norris en vampiro.
 The Trapper (El trampero), La historia final, fue dibujada por Josh Medors. Esta historia presenta a John Ikos, un residente de Barrow convertido en cazador de vampiros (y protagonista de las series posteriores).

30 Days of Night: Return to Barrow
30 Days of Night: Return to Barrow (Regreso a Barrow) secuela de la serie original de Steve Niles y Ben Templesmith. Presenta a Brian Kitka, el hermano de una víctima del ataque a Barrow en la miniserie original. Kikta se convierte en el nuevo sheriff de Barrow antes de trasladarse allí con su hijo para investigar la desaparición de su hermano. El escepticismo de Brian sobre la teoría de un ataque de vampiros desaparece cuando descubre el diario de su hermano desaparecido, que incluye un relato completo del ataque. Termina protegiendo la ciudad junto a John Ikos. Esta historia también presenta el regreso de varios personajes de la serie anterior, incluyendo a Eben y Stella, que salvan al hijo de John de los vampiros.

30 Days of Night: Bloodsucker Tales
30 Days of Night: Bloodsucker Tales (Historias de chupasangres) fue la primera secuela de la serie sin el guion completo de Steve Niles. A lo largo de los ocho números de la serie de Bloodsucker Tales, se cuentan dos historias:

 Dead Billy Dead (Muerto Billy Muerto), fue escrita por Steve Niles e ilustrada por Kody Chamberlain. Esta historia presenta a un joven llamado Billy que es convertido en vampiro y posteriormente secuestrado con su novia Maggie por un científico obsesionado por los vampiros. Mientras tanto Goodis un oficial de policía a quien Maggie había llamado al encontrarse con el vampiro Billy, descubre el libro de Stella Olemaun.
 Juárez or Lex Nova & The Case of the 400 Dead Mexican Girls (Juárez o Lex Nova & El Caso de las 400 Chicas Mexicanas Muertas), fue escrita por Matt Fraction e ilustrada por Ben Templesmith. Esta historia presenta la investigación de Lex Nova sobre la desaparición de cientos de chicas en Ciudad Juárez, México. Un grupo de vampiros llamados la Zero Family Circus llega a México al mismo tiempo, creyendo que las muertes están siendo causadas por un vampiro degenerado.

Annual 2005
El Annual 2005 fue un número de 48 páginas, publicado en diciembre del año 2005. Cuenta la historia de John Ikos que deja el pueblo Barrow y viaja a la ciudad de Los Ángeles en busca del agente Norris. Mientras está en la ciudad se encuentra con Billy (de la historia de "Dead Billy Dead") y Dane y combate con una banda de vampiros llamados "The Night Crew" dirigidos por el vampiro llamado Santana.

30 Days of Night: Dead Space
30 Days of Night: Dead Space (Espacio Muerto). Tras un paréntesis producido por los trágicos acontecimientos de la última misión espacial, la NASA se prepara para lanzar la misión "Icarus" y restaurar la confianza de la nación en el programa espacial. Pero los peores temores se materializan cuando la tripulación de la nave se da cuenta de que hay algo más a bordo, algo feroz, con colmillos y con ansia de sangre. La historia fue escrita por Steve Niles y Dan Wickline e ilustrada por Milx.

30 Days of Night: Spreading the Disease
30 Days of Night: Spreading the Disease (Extendiendo la Enfermedad). Esta serie presenta al agente Michael Henso de la serie Dead Space que es enviado a la ciudad de Alabama tras intentar convencer a la gente de la seriedad de la amenaza de los vampiros. Un hombre misterioso contacta con él y le sugiere que la pregunta de por qué alguien querría enviar un vampiro al espacio todavía necesita una respuesta. Así que Henson se toma tiempo antes de comenzar a investigar a los vampiros. Esto le lleva a una situación mucho más peligrosa.

30 Days of Night: Eben and Stella
30 Days of Night: Eben and Stella (Eben y Stella). En los últimos momentos de Dark Days Stella consiguió traer a su marido Eben de vuelta de la tumba. Esta miniserie cubre el espacio entre esa historia y Return to Barrow. Está coescrita por Steve Niles y
Kelly Sue DeConnick e ilustrada por Justin Randall.

30 Days of Night: Red Snow
30 Days of Night: Red Snow (Nieve Roja). Año 1941. La "Operación Zorro Plateado" de Adolf Hitler ha fracasado mientras el invierno ruso comienza a afectar a las tropas nazis.

El enviado militar Charlie Keating del Reino Unido contempla la guerra desde el bando soviético, asegurándose que lleguen suministros al frente para ayudar a Stalin a combatir a los nazis. Con suerte, él también sobrevivirá para ver el final de la guerra. Pero hay algo más ahí fuera, y no son los soldados alemanes. No importa lo bien que intente la humanidad matar, hay algo más que lo hace mejor. El cómic está escrito e ilustrado por Ben Templesmith Boyka

30 Days of Night: Beyond Barrow
30 Days of Night: Beyond Barrow (Más allá de Barrow). Tras varios años de ataques los escasos ciudadanos de Barrow se han unido contra los no muertos. Por desgraciadamente no se aplica lo mismo al resto del Círculo Ático. Escrito por Steve Niles e ilustrado por Bill Sienkiewicz

30 Days of Night: Rumors of the Undead

30 Days of Night: Rumors of the Undead (Rumores de los No Muertos), 30 Days of Night: Immortal Remains (Restos Inmortales) y 30 Days of Night: Eternal Damnation. son las primeras novelas (no cómics) escritas por Steve Niles, que extienden las historias de las series de cómic.

30 Days of Night: Blood of Christ
30 Days of Night: Blood of Christ (Sangre de Cristo). Una broma del "Día de los bufones de abril" (April fools' day).

30 Days of Night: 30 Days 'Til Death
30 Days of Night: 30 Days 'Til Death (30 días hasta la muerte). Los acontecimientos de Barrow han tenido consecuencias por todo el mundo, provocando que un escuadrón de la muerte de vampiros antiguos se dedique a "purgar" a los problemáticos novatos americanos. El vampiro Rufus intenta por todos los medios no ser encontrado, se oculta en el pueblo consiguiendo un perro de mascota, una novia, y siendo agradable con sus vecinos, ocultando su insaciable ansia de sangre.

30 Days of Night: Expediente X
30 Days of Night: Expediente X. El crossover que se realiza sobre esta saga y la saga de investigadores de expediente x, la serie que nos ocupa lleva a los agentes del FBI a Alaska, debido a un extraño accidente ocurrido en fechas de lo sucedido en la primera novela en Barrow, de varios camiones en los que aparecieron los cuerpos decapitados de 16 cadáveres colgados de un poste. A partir de ahí, vemos la tónica que hizo popular la serie televisiva, con Mulder con una teoría ya creada intentando que Scully vea el caso como él, mientras ella intenta encontrar razones lógicas basadas en la ciencia.

30 Days of Night: the end of the begining
30 Days of Night: the end of the begining. El último volumen realizado por Steve Niles hasta la fecha, son tres partes divididas en sus respectivos cómics, en los cuales se supone que se quiere cerrar una historia abierta en toda la saga de 30 días en la oscuridad

Otros

30 Days of Night: Film Tie-In
30 Days of Night: Film Tie-In - Es una novelización de la película basada en la serie de cómic. Esta publicación refleja la historia tal y como es contada en la película.

Notas

Referencias
 Daniel Robert Epstein (2007). "Ben Templesmith Speaks!" UGO. Retrieved July. 31, 2007
 Weiland, Jonah (2003). "Niles Talks Horror Comics and Film", Comic Book Resources. Retrieved Jan. 1, 2006

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial 30 días de oscuridad (en inglés).
 Steve Niles Interview for 30 Days of Night at UGO.

Historieta de Estados Unidos
Historieta de terror
Vampiros en la historieta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Image: Mashable Composite. Allen Berezovsky/Getty. CBS Photo Archive.
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