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Manuscript Studies
Manuscript Studies: Contents List
International Congress on Medieval Studies
Abstracts of Congress Papers
Abstracts of Papers Listed by Author
Abstracts of Papers Listed by Year
Mildred Budny — Her Page
Adelaide Bennett Hagens
Congress Activities
Sponsored Conference Sessions (1993‒)
Panels at the M-MLA Convention
Co-sponsored Conference Sessions (2006‒)
Seals, Matrices & Documents
Genealogies & Archives
Bembino
Multi-Lingual Bembino
Abstracts Listed by Author
Abstracts Listed by Year
Kalamazoo Archive
Abstracts of Papers for the M-MLA Convention
Seminars, Workshops, Colloquia & Symposia (1989–)
Seminars on 'The Evidence of Manuscripts'
Symposia on 'The Transmission of the Bible'
The New Series
2019 Anniversary Symposium Program: The Roads Taken
2019 Anniversary Symposium Registration
2019 Anniversary Symposium Registration Open
Abstracts of Papers for Events
Abstracts of Papers for Seminars on 'The Evidence of Manuscripts'
Abstracts of Papers for Symposia, Workshops & Colloquia
Receptions & Parties
Photographic Exhibitions & Master Classes
ShelfMarks: The RGME-Newsletter
"Insular, Anglo-Saxon, and Early Anglo-Norman Manuscript Art at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge" (1997)
Mildred Budny, 'Catalogue'
The Illustrated Catalogue (1997)
The Illustrated Handlist
Semi-Official Counterfeiting in France 1380-1422
No Snap Decisions: Challenges of Manuscript Photography
Watermarks & the History of Paper
Galleries: Contents List
Scripts on Parade
Texts on Parade
Latin Documents & Cartularies
New Testament Leaves in Old Armenian
Posters on Display
Layout Designs
2019 Anniversary Appeal
Manuscripts & Rare Books
Maps, Plans & Drawings
Seals, Seal-Matrices & Documents
2021 Congress Program Announced
Carmelite Missal Leaf of 1509
Updates for 'Otto Ege Manuscript 19'
Fragments of a Castle 'Capbreu' from Catalonia
Selbold Cartulary Fragments
Vellum Binding Fragments in a Parisian Printed Book of 1598
Some Leaves in Set 1 of Ege's FOL Portfolio
A Charter of 1399 from High Ongar in Essex
2019 Congress Behind the Scenes Report
A Leaf from 'Otto Ege Manuscript 19' and Ege's Workshop Practices
The Pearly Gateway: A Scrap from a Latin Missal or Breviary
Preston Take 2
Keeping Up: Updates for Spring 2020
2020 Spring Symposium Cancelled or Postponed
2020 Spring Symposium: Save the Date
"Gutenberg and After" at Princeton University Library
2020 International Congress on Medieval Studies Program Announced
A Leaf from Prime in a Large-Format Latin Breviary
The Penitent King David from a Book of Hours
2019 M-MLA Panel Program
Revisiting Anglo-Saxon Symposia 2002/2018
2020 ICMS Call for Papers: Seal the Real
2019 Anniversary Symposium Report: The Roads Taken
Heidere Diplomas & Investiture
2019 Anniversary Symposium: The Roads Taken
Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts
2019 M-MLA Call for Papers
2019 International Congress on Medieval Studies Program Details
Another Visit to The Library Cafe
More Discoveries for 'Otto Ege Manuscript 41'
Vellum Bifolium from Augustine's "Homilies on John"
Design & Layout of "The Illustrated Catalogue"
2019 International Congress on Medieval Studies Program
Bembino Version 1.5 (2018)
A New Leaf from 'Otto Ege Manuscript 214'?
2017 M-MLA Panel Report
2017 M-MLA Panel
Designing Academic Posters
More Discoveries for "Otto Ege Manuscript 61"
2017 Congress Report
2017 Congress Program
A 12th-Century Fragment of Anselm's 'Cur Deus Homo'
A Leaf from Gregory's Dialogues Reused for Euthymius
Another Witness to the Cistercian Statutes of 1257
The 'Foundling Hospital' for Manuscript Fragments
A Reused Part-Leaf from Bede's Homilies on the Gospels
More Leaves from 'Otto Ege Manuscript 51'
A New Leaf from 'Otto Ege Manuscript 61'
A Visit to The Library Café
Interview with our Font & Layout Designer
Seminar on the Evidence of Manuscripts (January 1992)
Seminar on the Evidence of Manuscripts (August 1993)
Seminar on the Evidence of Manuscripts (September 1994)
Seminar on the Evidence of Manuscripts (May 1989)
2016 Report for CARA
Lillian Vail Dymond
2016 Symposium on 'Words & Deeds'
Spoonful of Sugar
A New Leaf from 'Otto Ege Manuscript 8'
Full Court Preston
Scrap of Information
Manuscript Groupies
The Mass of Saint Gregory, Illustrated
Lost & Foundlings
June 26, 2015 in Manuscript Studies, Photographic Exhibition
The Tainted Legacy of 'Biblioclasts'
The Case of Otto F. Ege as Collector and Despoiler
As Part II in a series on 'Manuscript Fragments', now part of a larger series on Manuscript Studies, Mildred Budny reflects on the predicaments and potentials of dispersed, deliberately detached randomly dispersed leaves from medieval manuscripts collected and dismembered by Otto F. Ege in the first half of the 20th century.
Part I in this series considered the 'Foundling Hospital' for Manuscript Fragments, as exhibited in earlier ages of manuscript despoiliation. The issue calls for further exploration, bringing it up to date in an unhappy continuing state of dispersal.
[Part III (next) will reveal 'A New Leaf from Ege Manuscript 41']
The Foundling Hospital: The main buildings seen from within the grounds. Coloured engraving by J. Henshall after T. H. Shepherd. Via http://welcomeimages.org/ under Creative Commons
Outcasts Flung into a Wider World
With Uncertain Hopes for Finding Foster Homes
This series of posts continues to celebrate the legacy of the Foundling Hospital in London. We take inspiration from its complicated legacy of a brave endeavour to provide sustenance to lost and abandoned creatures. And so, we consider the implications for reconstitution regarding medieval manuscripts which have been dispersed and, in some ways, abandoned for future rescue, if possible.
In recent years, keeping up with developments in various areas of manuscript studies, I have paid attention to the research discoveries of various scholars, including some Associates of the Research Group on Manuscript Evidence, in their efforts to examine, collate, and reconstruct the traces of medieval and other manuscript fragments let loose onto the world by such agents as the book-destroyer Otto F. Ege (1888‒1951), teacher, lecturer, graphic artist, bookseller, and professed 'biblioclast' active mainly at Cleveland, Ohio.
Invaluable contributions to this painstaking research and reconstruction (for the most part virtually) of his dismembered books appear in print, exhibition, or online. They encourage me to report my own contributions, guided by their progress.
Little did I know that paying attention to those generous postings would prove to be valuable, not only in order to learn about progress in manuscript studies as such, but also to provide breakthroughs in some of the research I was already developing. It can help to pay attention, huh?
More 'Foundlings' Identified
In preparing the Handlist of medieval and early modern manuscript and early printed materials in a private assemblage, as reported earlier, I reflect upon the precarious fates of original written materials in their uncertain transmission across the ages and through the hands of different custodians or predators, by turns – not necessarily in that order. The first post in this series described such effects in the Middle Ages, at a center prepared to despoil and dismember, by turns across the centuries, one of its most splendid and illustrated manuscripts. The central case involved the magnificent Royal Bible of Saint Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, with partial dispersal or dismemberment at several stages and subsequent attempts to restore the remnants in some fashion.
Perhaps it is one thing for the creator of a monument to re-create it in various ways as the changing centuries might dictate. It may be something else again for others who take the materials into their own hands to decide how to dispose of them, with the operative word being 'dispose'.
And so, now I turn to the methods of some 20th-century plunderers and distributors of medieval manuscript fragments. Within the Handlist, a few items are identifiable (after the fact) as leaves which passed through the hands of Otto Ege in the fuller form of their former manuscripts.
For example, one leaf, which carries the Arabic numeral 4 in black ink on its original recto, was contained within a glass-fronted frame when I first saw it, nearly a decade ago, as part of the initial stage of photographic work on the assemblage (in its state at the time). For conservation, I removed the frame and then photographed the leaf, recto and verso, while still attached to its existing cardboard mat. In consultation with the owner of the leaf, we decided to remove the mat and conserve the leaf separately. Those practices for the Assemblage as a whole, in stages, will be reported elsewhere. Meanwhile, I can show a first photograph (under flourescent lights) of the leaf lifted at an angle from its 'original' mat.
Because of my training, and awareness of the importance of respecting the evidence of manuscripts (and other materials), even if, at first sight, the value of specific clues might not be recognized, I have taken care to try to keep them in mind, while my experience might widen into areas which they require for decipherment.
I didn't know it at the time, but the style of matting itself turns out to be a potentially diagnostic feature in the quest for identifying the fragment, its context, and its provenance. Call it a forensic clue in this complex detective work. Another post will focus upon this leaf, but, for now, we focus upon the clues in question.
A detached folio 4r still attached to a cardboard mat with Ege-style tapes asymmetrically aligned (Budny Handlist 9)
Bits & Pieces, Reassembled
The cumulative contributions are worth celebrating, as we collectively move forward with their clues and directions. Some examples of these contributions (mostly freely available) set the scene, with observations, discoveries, illustrations, references, and suggestions for further discoveries:
Barbara A. Shailor (our Associate)
"Otto Ege: His Manuscript Fragment Collection and the Opportunities Presented by Electronic Technology"
Lisa Fagin Davis (our Associate and former Trustee):
"In Otto Ege's Footsteps"
"Otto Ege, St. Margaret, and Digital Fragmentology"
"Manuscript Road Trip to Virginia"
"Reconstructing the Beauvais Missal"
Peter Kidd:
"A Newly Discovered Leaf"
"Ege's 12th-Century Italian Lectionary"
"Ege Leaves at Glencairn Museum" (with specimens of the handwriting of Otto Ege and of his wife Louise)
Scott Gwara (our Associate):
Otto Ege's Manuscripts: A Study of Ege's Manuscript Collections, Portfolios, and Retail Trade (a book for sale),
with a survey of the evidence for the acquisition and dispersal of his manuscripts,
including a "Handlist of Manuscripts and Fragments Collected or Sold by Otto F. Ege" (Appendix X).
An important part of these processes of investigation and discovery is the ability to examine the originals, whether in person or by proxy, through images reproduced in print or otherwise. Digital facsimiles of all or parts of their Ege materials are available online for some collections, as here:
The Ege Manuscript Leaf Portfolios in several collections, gathered virtually by the Denison University Library
Fifty Original Leaves . . . From the Otto F. Ege Collection at Case Western Reserve University
Otto Ege Collection in the Public Library of Cinncinati and Hamilton County
Fifty Original Leaves From Medieval Manuscripts (Otto F. Ege Collection) at the University of Minnesota
50 Medieval Manuscript Leaves at the University of Sasketchewan
Pages from the Past: Ege at the University of South Carolina
Massey College Medieval Manus . . . at the University of Toronto.
Examining and comparing these specimens, together with the scattered evidence for the distribution and identification of the sundered portions of the original manuscripts, which apparently survived more-or-less intact into the 20th century before their 'repurposing', may help to recognize more of their separated parts. Such is the case here.
More discoveries await recognition, as the news spreads about research and discoveries relating to the dispersed manuscripts and the processes of acquisition, dismemberment, and piecemeal distribution. While deploring the vandalism of monuments of the past, we admire the dedicated efforts to assemble the virtual 'reconstitution' of their fragments. At least it is something.
That it is less than perfect, and less than it could have been, is not the responsibility principally of the despoilers who dismembered the materials and failed to record the crucial contextual information as they let the fragments loose onto the world. Orphans by intent. Foundlings by goodwill, dedication, and good fortune. Sometimes, it seems, we find them without notice. Sometimes, it may be, they call out to us.
A whimsical creature at the bottom of the page faces the music. Budny Handlist 4
And so, now, as I round out the preparations of illustrated reports on the private 'Assemblage' of medieval manuscript fragments and documents, now with a Handlist assigning numbers to the items, the rapidly advancing research on Otto Ege's manuscripts and fragments by scholars, librarians, catalogers, and book-sellers can enable the further recognition of other stray fragments which came from (or through) his holdings, set loose into the world with little information to record their origins, state their contexts, or signal the survival of any other siblings from the same original volume. Such recognition often comes only in pieces, that is, as we individually or collectively might find the relevant expertise and discover some firmer information about the original whole that may reside in one or another of its other surviving or recorded parts, with a colophon naming the maker.
In some cases, the identification of a stray leaf as having formerly belonged to a known Ege Manuscript might be secured by the continuity of textual sequences between it and another in that book (as listed occasionally here), by offsets of pigment from the formerly adjacent page onto it, or similar clues. In contrast, in some cases, while the processes of research and recovery continue to advance, such specific establishing indicators might not survive, or come yet to light, so that the identification might have to remain tentative, perhaps at least for the time being, or as having belonged to a volume in the same style, by the same hand(s), from the same center at about the same period of production, or the like.
It's a shame that we have to restore some sense of continuity and context to these 'waifs' so laboriously and sometimes haphazardly, at best.
Otto Ege cut into pieces many medieval and early modern manuscripts of various types, dates, and places of origin, for assembly as individual leaves into various unique sets, as with the series of portfolios entitled Fifty Original Leaves from Medieval Manuscripts. Mounted on individual mats, given identifying labels, and numbered in sequence, the selected leaves were placed into boxes and distributed mostly by sale to museums, institutions, and private book-collectors. Only a generic descriptive label, printed on a slip, accompanied each of these individual representatives of a former unique whole. Other leaves from the same manuscripts – the rejected 'random or rogue' leaves as described by Lisa Fagin Davis and by Barbara Shailor – were circulated in various ways through gift or sale. Some of those leaves, if they are 'lucky', carry brief inscriptions written by Ege or his helper(s) in the lower margins of their rectos. Over time, the ownership and locations of some sets, parts of sets, and individual leaves have changed. The current locations of some of this Portfolio of Fifty and other Portfolios (focusing upon other themes) assembled by Ege are known; some of them have lost some of their individual components. It remains a tedious task for scholars to attempt to pick up the pieces, even if only virtually.
It is an asset that some collections offer digitized views of their representatives of these fragments. The form or appearance of such representatives can vary greatly. Those variations, some cumbersome, merit another reflection or review. Now let's look briefly at what the individual 'Orphans', 'Waifs', and Strays' might bring with them when they come into our view. I think of them as Foundlings, left upon our doorsteps. Here is why.
Babies & Bathwater
Approaches to abandoning babies — human babies, snatched from their birth-mothers and birth-families — can vary enormously, (un-)naturally. Across the centuries, such approaches might range from inexorably casting the new-born, naked, into the mouth of the lair of wolves, at one extreme, to placing them, lovingly, wistfully, at the other extreme, at the entrance of the forum, church, or sanctuary, say at dawn at the beginning of the day's commerce and traffic, and setting them on to their new, uncertain, course, with a basket or cradle, a tender supply of clothing, a blanket, jewelry of some kind, a toy perhaps, maybe a bit of food, to hope to smooth the safe passage of the living being into the hands and care of strangers, who might be prepared to offer them foster homes or even adoption.
Clues or Clueless
Babies are different, true, from manuscript fragments, but the point is clear. What traces do their occasional owners, masters, agents, or purveyors choose to hand on, or hand over, to the adoptive homes or 'adoptive agencies' so as, perchance, to allow for some awareness of the parentage, 'birth certificates', genetic tendencies, family contexts, and other relevant information about their origins and upbringing?
In a nutshell: Not Much, in many cases. Ah well, sometimes the results may be due to negligence, indifference, or haste, but in some cases the effects as well as the methods appear to resemble the actions of 'criminals' who have the sense to destroy as much evidence as possible, take the money, and run. At 'best', the conveyers of altered, fragmented manuscript materials might be little aware of how much forensic evidence can reside in the substances, surfaces, and accretions of those materials.
Forensics in Manuscript Studies
Saint Dunstan's Classbook, MS. Auct. F. 4. 32, folio 1r, tenth century. Photo: © Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (2015).
Permitting those seemingly insignificant traces of many kinds to remain in place (provided, for example, they do not actively harm the artefacts) may allow them to be observed, recognized, and deciphered by appropriate expertise.
An example of such discoveries applied to a renowned early medieval manuscript, or rather composite manuscript (assembling into one volume several different portions containing different texts, languages, dates, places of origin, annotations, scribbles, and other alterations), can be observed for the so-called 'Classbook' of Saint Dunstan and its 'signed' frontispiece image. For centuries that image has been believed — wrongly, it turns out, through forensic examination – to be the saint's self-portrait. Yet it does have his own 'autograph' in the form of a prayer in his own hand and in his own name, added to the drawing of a monk before Christ made by a different scribal artist. Appropriation may be a sincere form of flattery, but it does not necessarily constitute (when detected) the authentication of the appropriator as the creator of the artwork in full.
'ID Bracelets' and 'Identity Marks'
In the absence of explicit testimony, both within or upon the fragment itself, it can be appropriate or expedient to turn to forensic and other forms of evidence, implicit or indirect. Such testimony, when properly recognized, can work wonders.
The 'Seller's Tell'
The 'Identity Marks' or tags made by many sellers of manuscript fragments may take distinctive, recognizable forms. The styles and methods may be telling. The statements may serve as concise cues identifying the item in some way, say with a verbal description or an inventory number. Some may function as cryptic notation, perhaps including codes denoting the expected price or price-range in a manner obvious to the seller but not the buyer. When entered in pencil discreetly at the bottom of a page, the tag might seem unobtrusive, possibly erasable without much trace, and readily ignored — especially when covered by the overlap of a mounting frame.
A cryptic form of seller's mark appears in the cryptic string of numbers and letters on the recto of the leaf with the Gregory Mass, purchased by its present owner from a major international bookseller in the 1990s.
Seller's Mark in Code (Budny Handlist 13)
Exhibit B
A different form of Seller's Mark characterizes the approach to marking many of the 'Rogue' leaves dispersed from Otto Ege's collection. Not all such leaves carry this form (which has some variations). But where they do, they may give significant, if compacted, information besides the price.
A simple form, reduced to the presumed date and genre of book, labels a pocket-sized leaf with text from the Book of Exekiel as '1310 French Bible', tout court. By itself, the inscription might hold little promise, but a detailed comparison indicates the identity of the hand and the conditions of the 'Tagging'.
Pencil inscription (Budny Handlist 7)
The discovery of the connection of this fragment to Otto Ege's collection and its former manuscript had to await the recent research on the ensemble of manuscript materials as a whole. It is both fortuitous and beneficial that my ongoing research on the ensemble and its components coincided with the plenitude of reports of rapidly advancing discoveries about many of Ege's dispersed fragments, their current locations, their marks of Ege's handling, and their interrelations.
Various of the reports listed above identify and illustrate these marks, including specimens of Ege's handwriting, the characteristics of his his mats for many of the leaves both within and beyond his Portfolios, and his form and uneven style of mounting tapes for the leaves and their mats. More about those mounting tapes in a moment, but first, a closer look at another pencil inscription which clinches the deal.
Exhibit C
One leaf which, according to his recollection, the present owner purchased at the shop of the Cleveland Museum of Art in or about 1953, carries on its recto the price of '$2.—' and, spaced at an interval to the right, the brief description of the item as 'French Bible 1300 – List of Hebrew names'. The owner purchased the leaf on its own, unmounted, and without any further description. A future post will tell more about this leaf and its former manuscript, a massive Bible now dispersed in many directions and collections, with confusingly inconsistent seller's and cataloguers' descriptions.
'List of Hebrew Names' in a 'French Bible' of '1300', price '$2', purchased circa 1953 at the Cleveland Museum of Art shop (Budny Handlist 8)
Exhibit D
A leaf now identifiable on other grounds as an Ege 'Rogue' Leaf appears to have a pencil inscription characteristic for the varied genre, starting with a price of '10 –' (presumably in dollars), followed perhaps by some more information entered at the same time, by the same hand, and in the same medium. However, the subsequently applied masking tape, with unevenly torn edges, which served to adhere the leaf to a mat by 1959 when the leaf was given to its present owner (and which has recently been removed in conservation) also mostly masks (presumably) the rest of an inscription. When the leaf was conserved recently, it was decided to allow the masking tape to remain, as a record of the history of the leaf. And so the rest of the inscription (if any) could remain for future revelations.
Pencil Inscription Partly Veiled (Budny Handlist 12)
'Baby Blankets', 'Swaddling Clothes' & 'Cradles'
Mats & Mounting Tapes
Some telling, or 'diagnostic', features might seem insignificant at first glance, but they could provide evidence of the hand at work. Where other clues have been removed, such traces may be essential and solitary in their attestations as witnesses. And so they might have to testify (see above) as Tips of Icebergs. Let us consider the often dismal evidence of mounting tapes, that is, the adhesive tapes found on manuscript fragments — which, in some cases, they not only accompany, but also enslave.
At most glances, such tapes might easily be ignored. Who cares? Well, some of us do, although not everyone has to. It's enough to recognize that someone might find them worth examining. To forensic examination, their features can sometimes reveal significant testimony.
Exhibit E
A simple example can set the scene. Non-archival masking tape is sometimes readily employed in framing materials, presumably for its convenience, ignorance about its interactive characteristics, and awareness that its presence will be hidden under the mat or the edges of the frame. In recent conservation, the removal of the frame, glass, and mat from a detached leaf of an 11th-century Giant Latin Bible purchased in 1951 in Florence, Italy, and subsequently framed in the United States has revealed some strips of tape, with unevenly torn edges.
Masking Tape added after 1951 to the reframed fragments of a single large-format 11th-century leaf (Budny Handlist 1)
Exhibit F
Now we turn to examples of Ege's mounting tapes within the Handlist. The pair of unevenly cut and unevenly placed mounting strips of gauze tape glued along one long side of 'Folio 4' of Handlist Number 9 (shown above still attached to its former mat) is representative of his style of application, given the cases already attested.
On various grounds, even apart from the tapes, this leaf can be identified as one of Ege's 'reject' leaves from a manuscript deployed among the Fifty Original Leaves. Known Ege examples are illustrated, for example, here and here.
A detached Folio, which carries the Arabic number '4' in black ink at the top of its recto (inscribed on the leaf while it still stood in place in its former manuscript), retains its asymmetrically placed whitish gauze mounting tapes attached to the outer edge. The non-archival cardboard mount for this leaf, to which the tape strips formerly adhered in the form of hinges, has been detached during recent conservation, and is kept separately. On the mat, the leaf was mounted with its original recto turned to the verso.
The type of tape and its style of placement corresponds with known Ege methods. A 'stroll' or 'scroll' through the digital facsimiles of mounted Ege materials (as in the Massey College Medieval Manus . . . series) reveals many cases of such mounting tapes, not infrequently positioned asymmetrically. Same as here:
The outer edge of a detached Folio '4' recto and its 20th-century 'Ege' mounting tapes (Budny Handlist 9)
Exhibit G
In another case, such mounting tapes were removed some time ago by some agent or other, without record. Similar traces appear, for example, here.
Remnants of a pair of gauze mounting tapes (Budny Handlist 7)
Fortunately, it turns out, the gummy substance resisted the removal of all trace of the tapes, whose material, form, and alignment are familiar to observers of Ege's methods of mounting the detached leaves, whether for his Portfolios or other forms of dispersal.
Even so, many of his dispersed leaves 'rejected' for inclusion in the Portfolios have wandered without the addition of mats. In their cases, the brief (or briefest) pencil inscriptions might have to serve alone as a clue to his intervention in the history of the artefact. In other cases, Ege's dispersed leaves might have to roam without any of his recognizable marks, until, say, the identification of the text, the scribe, the workshop, or some other means of connection with the original manuscript might be accomplished. Meanwhile, every step forward, by whatever clues, may count as progress.
Next we report the discoveries for another detached 'Ege Manuscript Leaf', which has wandered on its own, without label, identifying inscription, or other explicit mark of Ege's ownership. For such a case, other detective methods also are required.
A Virtual 'Orphanage'
How the different 'Foundlings' among manuscript fragments might sometime find a proper, albeit virtual, home so as to acknowledge, to record, and to welcome their familial connections in former whole manuscripts as a form of 'genealogical recovery' remains to be determined in the concerted quest in various centers to establish and to foster such projects. While they find their fuller footing, with larger institutional supports, we will turn to the next report on our findings.
Next stop: 'A New Leaf from Ege Manuscript 41', from a different collection.
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Tags: Budny Handlist, Foundling Hospital, Manuscript studies, Medieval Manuscript Collecting, Medieval Manuscript Fragments, Otto Ege's Manuscripts
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1. Fake trees and plants. I don't get it. The last thing that comes to mind when I think of bringing something organic into a living space is plastic green foliage. It seems to have started in the 90's and what shocks me even more is that people still leave these dusty impostors in their home. Oh, and don't even get me started on the fake vines. As for artificial flowers, I think they are fine when used as an embellishment, but please, no filled vases with fake flowers – fresh & dried flowers are so much more beautiful (and real).
2. Too much of a good thing. I'm doing a few errands with a friend and we decide to make a quick stop at her friends home. As the door opens, I immediately notice the greeting of a dressed goose (imitation of course). Remember these creatures on peoples doorsteps with bonnets and raincoats? Well, imagine to my surprise a convoy of about 30 life size geese (all dressed) and inside her home. She was so into this collection that her husband even built shelving to display them all. Honestly, I had a difficult time focusing on the conversation as this took up a massive part of her home. Like any collection, it is not necessary to put out all of it out for display – rotate pieces. It can be overwhelming to the eye and appreciation for each piece becomes difficult. I hate to say that I myself have been guilty of too much of a good thing – especially in my curio.
3. A crooked curtain rod. I know it's not easy putting up curtain rods. Even with all the measuring and planning it can still come out a few degrees off (I have a few theories as to why this happens). If this should be an unfortunate result of all your efforts, I hate to say it, but it really needs to be fixed. Why? Because when people visit your home, the eye will be immediately drawn to it. And remember, the longer the rod, the more evident the angle.
4. Matchy, matchy furniture. Leather sofa, leather chair, leather love seat, leather ottoman (ugh!) – you get the idea.
Greetings ladies! Have you ever thought about installing beadboard paneling in a room but just don't have the time (or maybe the tools) to size, cut, and nail it up? Well, you may want to consider beadboard wallpaper. I just happen to come across this and it looks just beautiful! I really had no idea that it wasn't actual paneling until it was pointed out to me. Not only is it much easier to install, but is also paintable and you get the same effect as actual beadboard paneling.
You can find this wallpaper at Graham & Brown for around $30 per roll.


15/24 Season Three, Episode 12: Fast Food For Thought- Scarecrow and Mrs King | "Just walk with me.."
Back at the hotel again, we find Lee and Amanda exiting the elevator.
Lee: Amanda, that was very good work. Really, it was.
…That was just spur of the moment stuff.
Amanda: Look, I'm just glad you got out okay.
Okay this can't be a coincidence, this has to be intentional! err maybe?! This reminds me (and maybe you too?) of another scene were Lee and Amanda have just exited an elevator! In Over the Limit.
Amanda: … You were really really good. How did you learn how to do that?
Lee responds to Amanda's question: Ohh I don't know….…It sort of comes out naturally.
Amanda: Oh it was good!…it was really good.
And on it goes! but.. Interesting how Amanda was excitedly complimenting Lee, and now Lee is taking the initiative and praising Amanda's skills on the job without any prompting! Plus.. interesting that in both scenes, the concept of 'natural' comes up – Lee is a natural.. Amanda is a natural.. together – they are a natural.. and yes.. this is 'much more natural' ahem..
I digress…. and back to Fast food for thought! Back to the back of Lee and Amanda.. ahem..
Amanda (pointing to the vial): What is that stuff?
Lee (continues): The lab boys'll have it analyzed in a matter of hours. [Lab boys huh.. you can have girls in Labs too thanks very much!
Lee unlocks his door, and puts the vial into his shirt pocket as he starts to walk into the room; You can call me crazy again.. but I wouldn't put a vial full of a possible chemical weapon in my shirt pocket like that!
Lee stops.. uh oh.. the room has been tosssed over..
Lee moves further into the room and re-holsters his gun. Amanda leans over in the doorway to peer into the bathroom.
Uh oh… we see next to the wall a timer counting down.
Shot cuts to Lee, looking down at the floor.
Lee rushes toward Amanda shoving her out into the famous hallway.. yelling: : Amanda! Get out of here!
He closes the door.. and things go Boom! (my ode to Burn Notice! BN fans will get it!
Lee jumps on Amanda covering her from the blast.
Lee turns to meet her eyes..
Uh oh.. things just got serious!
They look around still a bit stunned.. Umm lovely to jump on Amanda and protect her and all – but you do have vial of some potentially powerful chemical weapon in your shirt pocket there Lee.. if it's not all over Lee it would probably be all over Amanda! lol.
We find Lee and Amanda walking through the hotel lobby in a bit of a hurry.
Lee: You have to get packed. Someone's starting to play hardball, and that's when you pick up your mitt and go home.
Francine joins them in the lobby..
she fills in Lee (and accidentally Amanda lol! 🙂 ) on what their industrious little worker Billy has found.. apparently the vial contained a potent poison called Scion – which was developed by the army.. at Fort Detrick of all places.
[So Umm how did they analyse it so fast? 2 seconds ago Lee had it in his shirt pocket and it was being blown up? and I thought as Lee and Amanda rushed through the lobby here they were quickly getting Amanda out of there because the bomb had just gone off and it was getting dangerous? help??
It makes no sense.. yet again!
It feels like the bomb in Lee's room was added short notice to add some excitement to this rather dull part of the ep.. (thus my rocky horror picture show meme). Anyway, all this leads them to suspect Bendix.. man.. are you following this plot? such a tricky one this one. so super complicated. Poison in vial by Bendix. super simple to figure that one out. Now that is some extra special sauce right there!! LOL..
Lee finishes off saying lets go find out why Bendix is mixing up a batch..
So what happened to Francine not knowing Lee and Amanda? I guess suddenly none of that matters? Hmm whatever.. they all head for the door..
On to Marvellous Marvin's HQ.. and upstairs in the factory, we find Marvin coming out of Bendix's office in a panic.
Marvin: It's Bendix. He's dead!
Everyone stands around looking shocked that the side kick baddie who had provided the poison and was no longer needed was now dead.. meh..
Hey does it feel like I'm skipping bits and finding this pretty uninteresting? that's because I am!
Anyway, I'll finish here for now – so what do you make of this part of the episode, or the episode so far? Anything you'd like to share? Bye for now!
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I reckon they should use the gel Lee uses on bullet proof vests…..if his hair can survive that explosion unscathed just think of the lives it could save…..
Okay, I have several questions, not necessarily looking for answers, but this episode just has so many holes. And I'm pretty sure there aren't any real answers to the questions. So is it possible that Carla and her puppet Barry saw Lee coming from the lab and only suspect him, seeing as the bomb was only in Lee's room and not Amanda's? Did they even check her room later to see if it was ransacked or booby-trapped? Also, did they know exactly when Lee would walk into his room so the timer was set for his entrance? There is no wiring to the door for it to be activated that way. And it doesn't look to be motion activated. I wouldn't think Carla or Barry would be that adept at bomb-making. And if they suspect both Lee and Amanda did they assume Amanda would be joining Lee in his room, since like Lee's room, that brother/sister cover has been blown to bits? And finally, if Lee is so insistent that Amanda pack and leave and she is in agreement, why did they not do so on they way to the lobby or do so before heading to MM-HQ? Just a few queries.
One other nit-picky thing. Amanda spent a lot of the first season talking about Lee's rudeness and lack of manners. She also indicated that she would like some type of compliments for work well done. Even in the Magic Bus she indicates that Lee is being petty when he characterizes her work in much the same way she characterized his legs. She constantly supports him and compliments him, but when she finally does get compliments she becomes self-deprecating and almost lessens her own contributions. She makes it seem less than what it was or not that big of a deal. She says what she did was spur of the moment, while Lee says it was natural and then she changes the subject. I can understand being a bit shy about accolades, but why have her character at first seek validation and then later on discredit it when she gets it. Maybe I'm making a mountain out of a molehill, but I think it's something that continues to happen.
Maybe that's why it's so hard sometimes to track Amanda's growth and changes. Lee has made gradual changes and although he seems to falter and regress at times you can see his growth and he makes up for his regressing. Amanda was shown to have this great intuition and was solving or in the midst of solving case after case in the beginning and then she somehow became a ditz and then less of one. I'm trying to remember if I've ever cringed at some of Lee's behaviors in the same way I've cringed at what they've had Amanda's character sometimes say or do.
What I do like about this scene is Lee's reaction when he notices the bomb, he immediately shows his concern for Amanda and is anxious to get her out of harm's way. Love the rolling in the hallway during the explosion and how they cling to one another. Brother and sister, yeah, not so much….
I agree with you — I loved sassy early first season Amanda and was saddened by her descent into ditziness. If I remember correctly, KJ stepped in during production of season 3 and put her foot down and this is why we see Amanda's rehabilitation for which I am eternally grateful.
Love this Valerie! I see this thought of how Amanda reacts to Lee's compliment has really stimulated your thinking!!
See I love this about the blog.. I didn't give it much thought.. but we are all different, and see different things or connect with different aspects of the characters or stories.
Yes I agree with you and Cindy.. the 'descent into ditziness' as Cindy brilliantly put it is infuriating!!!
So.. all very interesting thoughts about Amanda and her assertiveness to start with, and now her self-depreciation.
It didn't bug me.. but why? You've got me thinking!
I think early Amanda, because of the relationship she had then with Lee was hungry for some acknowledgement. Anything.. When Balon tricked Amanda in Saviour – that has always stuck in my mind.. he read Amanda and her vulnerability back then like a book. Lee would not admit that he needed her, and she really needed him to acknowledge her contributions and to validate her involvement with the spy biz..
But now? she's had plenty of validation from Lee, she's no longer hungry for his acknowledgement – which I'm actually viewing as a real positive! I think not being so dependant on that is a sign that Amanda has grown up in her self belief..
Lastly, I don't hear Amanda saying it's not true that she did good.. (which is a big plus), she is just self-depreciating in the way she accepts this compliment. I'm thinking she isn't fighting for her worth to be acknowledged anymore.. both Amanda and Lee by now have changed.. and her old feisty demand for recognition would no longer fit.
I don't know.. you got me thinking! but I didn't see her self-depreciation as rejecting his compliment, just being a bit shy and humble about it.. but this is just how I saw it.. What does everyone else think?
Oh and the whole intuition thing? don't get me started on that little bug bear 😉 tee hee.. Bye!
I think I am of the same mind about Amanda here as you are, Iwsod. At this stage Amanda doesn't need validation from Lee and she is getting the full on effect of his attention in many ways as well. I think Amanda is the kind of person who is good at complimenting others but she has never been good at receiving one (not many people are). There have been times in the past when Lee's compliments haven't always been genuine, he has used compliments to get her to do something he wants her to do. This time his compliment feels like a real one, plain and simple and I think Amanda can sense that. That is what I notice in this scene and I think it is another morsel of that food for thought that Amanda is chewing on.
lol I can't wait to see what you do with the hallway too Morley!
I can see what you're saying, Iwsod, about Amanda's changing need for validation in the job she's doing. You could really see some of her self-doubt in Brunettes and how she worked through that with and without Lee. She has found something that suits her, has made her feel alive, and is making her proud of who she is and what she can do. And yes, she has gained more confidence and comfort with the job as time has progressed. She has a few tense moments in OTL with being introduced to the shooting range and then doing a stakeout on her own. She even mentioned that she was out of her element.
Maybe she has started to accept that she has been accepted and what she is doing is just all part of the job she's been trying to do all along. I'm going to continue to keep my eye out to see how she handles further compliments. I'm going to go back and check out LOTP again. Lee was pretty much gushing about how well Amanda handled herself in that situation.
I don't remember any cringe-worthy behavior on Lee's part either – at least not up till this point in the show. He just gets all the cheesy lines. JEG – squeeze Ameriaca's secrets like toothpaste from a tube or in FTF – drop anchor, you're drifting…there are tons more!
Who Stunt-Amanda again. But this time her "Perücke" is not so ugly. Hey she fell on her left side but is laying on her right side. How many times did these two roll over that flor? 🙂 ahem….
Nice analysis Iwsod and good catch with the wrecked room being the same set as used earlier in the episode.
Ka-BOOM! Look at all that deadly schrapnel…err, I mean, feather soft debris because there ain't a scratch on either one of them. In fact, not a hair out of place. 😉 PS. Just exactly how much of the product did you use this morning, Stetson?
rofl.. you had me sniggering away – yet again 'deadly schrapnel' rofl!!!!


For additional information, please see the March 1, 2019, Federal Register Notice, specific TPS country pages available on the USCIS website, and the Update on Ramos v. Nielsen page on the USCIS website.
As long as preliminary injunction ordered by court in Ramos, et al v. Nielsen, et al., No. 18-cv-01554 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 3, 2018) remains in effect.
Current beneficiaries under the TPS designation for El Salvador do not need to re-register to maintain TPS, provided that they properly re-registered for TPS during the following registration periods for El Salvador.
To maintain TPS, you must have either filed to re-register during the 60-day re-registration period that ran from Jan. 18, 2018, through Mar. 19, 2018 or Jul. 8, 2016, through Sept. 6, 2016, and been approved, or have an application that remains pending. If you did not re-register during this timeframe, you may submit a late re-registration application, including a letter that explains your reason(s) for filing late with your application. USCIS will determine whether your reasons are "good cause" for being late, as required under the TPS law.
TPS El Salvador beneficiaries who applied for a new EAD but have not yet received their new EADs are also covered by this automatic extension, provided that the EAD contains one of the expiration dates noted in the chart above. Such individuals may show their EAD and the Federal Register Notice (PDF) to employers to demonstrate that their EAD and employment authorization have been extended through Jan. 2, 2020.
However, the extension of the validity periods above applies only if the eligible TPS beneficiary properly filed for TPS re-registration during the most recent DHS-announced registration period for TPS El Salvador, or has a re-registration application that remains pending. In addition, the extension does not apply if the TPS of any such individual has been finally withdrawn. The FRN does not extend the validity date of any TPS-related Form I–94 or Form I–797 issued to a TPS beneficiary that contains an end date not on the chart above when the individual has failed to file for TPS re-registration, or when his or her re-registration request has been finally denied.
Current beneficiaries of TPS El Salvador do not need to pay a fee or file any application, including Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization, to maintain their TPS benefits through Jan. 2, 2020, if they properly re-registered for TPS during the most recent DHS-announced registration period.
TPS beneficiaries who have failed to re-register properly for TPS during the last registration period should file Form I–821 (Application for Temporary Protected Status), and demonstrate "good cause" for failing to re-register on time, as required by law. See INA, section 244(c)(3)(C) (TPS beneficiary's failure to register without good cause in form and manner specified by DHS is ground for TPS withdrawal); 8 CFR 244.17(b); and Instructions to Form I–821. If you are filing a late re-registration application, please provide a letter explaining all of your reasons for filing outside of the re-registration period. If you filed after the re-registration period because of the DHS announcement of the termination of TPS for your country, please explain how that announcement affected you, including how the termination decisions impacted your failure to re-register. However, if the announcement of the TPS termination did not cause you to file late, you should not include it as a reason. Please remember to be truthful in explaining your reasons.
Any eligible beneficiary under the TPS designation for El Salvador who either does not possess an EAD that is automatically extended, or wishes to apply for a new EAD may file Form I–765 with appropriate fee (or fee waiver request). If approved, USCIS will issue an EAD with a Jan. 2, 2020, expiration date. Similarly, USCIS will issue an EAD with a Jan. 2, 2020, expiration date for those with pending EAD applications that are ultimately approved.


text:
Georgetown upsets Big East top seed Villanova 72-71 at MSG
Dante Harris
By Ralph D. Russo - Associated Press - Thursday, March 11, 2021
NEW YORK — Patrick Ewing and Georgetown are making some noise at Madison Square Garden again.
It has been a while.
The Hoyas are back in the Big East Tournament semifinals for the first time in six years, with the former Georgetown and Knicks star leading the way.
Dante Harris made two free throws with 4.7 seconds left to cap a perfect game from the line for Georgetown, and the Hoyas upset No. 14 Villanova 72-71 in the quarterfinals on Thursday.
The eighth-seeded Hoyas (11-12) will play fifth-seeded Seton Hall on Friday night. Georgetown last reached the Big East semifinals in 2015. The Hoyas have not won the tournament since 2007.
"We took another step — in my house, by the way. This is my house," Ewing said in a postgame television interview. "It's a great win. Huge win."
Before Ewing became a Hall of Fame center for the Knicks, his Georgetown teams in the mid-1980s were the beasts of the Big East. Villanova has taken over that role in recent years, winning the last three tournament titles and dominating the Hoyas in the process.
Villanova had won four straight meetings and 13 of 15 against the Hoyas before Thursday.
"We played against the Cadillac, the Bentley, whatever you want to call them, of the Big East — the class of the Big East. And once upon a time that was us. But we took a huge step to be able to knock them off," Ewing said.
Harris led the way with 18 points and drew a foul on Jeremiah Robinson-Earl driving to the basket with 4.7 seconds to go and the Hoyas down one.
Harris rattled in the first and swished the second to make Georgetown 23 of 23 from the line, the first time a team has shot 100% on at least 20 attempts in the Big East Tournament.
With no timeouts left, Caleb Daniels rushed up court and got off a long 3-pointer in traffic for Villanova, but it missed badly. The top-seeded Wildcats (16-6), playing without injured star Collin Gillespie, had advanced to the Big East semifinals the last five times the tournament was completed.
Last year's ended halfway through the noon quarterfinal, when the pandemic brought the college basketball season to a halt.
The quarterfinal day at the Garden is often the best of the Big East Tournament. The marathon quadruple-header keeps MSG buzzing from noon to midnight. Not this year.
With COVID-19 restrictions still in place, the Garden was mostly empty for an old-school Big East rivalry between Wildcats and Hoyas. Ewing's booming voice echoed through the rafters. "Rebound! Rebound!" he shouted after just about every Villanova shot went up.
Each quarterfinal team was given 100 tickets to Thursday's games. There were maybe a few dozen people in the stands for the noon tipoff. A "Let's Go Nova!" chant didn't last long or find many takers.
"It was pretty cool to have some fans in there," Villanova coach Jay Wright said. "Not a lot."
COVID-19 protocols even made it difficult for Ewing to move freely inside the Garden. He said he would have to ask Knicks owner James Dolan about the frequent stops to check his credentials.
"Everybody in this building should know who the hell I am," Ewing said. "I was like, what the hell? Is this Madison Square Garden? I'm going to have to call Mr, Dolan and say, 'Jeez, is my number in the rafters or what?'"
MSG Entertainment released a statement saying Ewing and Dolan have a long-standing relationship and the two spoke later in the day.
"We all know, respect and appreciate what (Ewing) means to The Garden and New York. Good luck to him and his Hoyas in the Big East semifinals," the statement said.
Robinson-Earl led the Wildcats with 26 points and Jermaine Samuels added 20.
The Wildcats went up 70-65 with 1:29 left on consecutive 3s by Cole Swider and Robinson-Earl.
Villanova couldn't close. The Hoyas tied it when Qudus Wahab was fouled by Swider while dunking and completed the three-point play with 40 seconds left.
Robinson-Earl made one of two from the line to make it 71-70 with 18.2 seconds left, and Ewing called a timeout to put the ball in Harris' hands.
"Down the stretch it got down to a one-possession game and they executed those last two possessions a little bit better than us," Wright said. "We had a tough time controlling Harris."
Georgetown: The Hoyas are 8-4 since a COVID-19 pause. They had not won even a single Big East Tournament game since 2016 before beating Marquette in the first round Wednesday.
Villanova: Playing its second game without Gillespie (knee), their senior point guard and co-conference player of the year, the Wildcats started Chris Arcidiacono — whose big brother Ryan led the Wildcats to a national title in 2016 — for the first time.
The sophomore contributed three points, five rebounds and four assists. Villanova did have third-leading Justin Moore (left ankle) available. He started the game on the sideline, riding a stationary bike, but ended up scoring 10 points in 27 minutes.
Villanova awaits its NCAA Tournament assignment.
Georgetown split two games against Seton Hall during the regular season.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What Makes You Want to Give?
In this corner of the blog we are asking people random questions about their passions and what makes them want to get involved with causes and bettering the world. I can't promise any hard-hitting questions but rather simple insight into what drives people in such a fast-paced social media'ed world.
Today's question: What makes you want to give?


Only four of Air Canada's Boeing 767-300s are in this configuration, primarily used on the Vancouver to Shanghai route. Due to the length of the flight, a cabin crew rest compartment is located at the back of the coach cabin.
Lie-flat sleeper suites in Executive First Class are arranged in a herringbone fashion, angled at about 45 degrees to the direction of flight, and might take a little getting used to. Due to the angle of the seats, those that want a view out the window will really have to turn their head. However, every seat is an aisle seat and there is no need to climb over your neighbor or wake them in the middle of the flight. For couples traveling together, F and K suites in the same row are probably the best choice. Suites on the A (left) side have the most privacy since no one seated can look directly into your suite, and the left aisle has half the traffic of the right aisle.
AVOD (Audio Video On Demand) is available at every seat. Executive First has dedicated in-seat power ports, and shared power ports are available in Coach, located at seats A, D, E and H.
Rows 12-18 in coach have the best legroom at 34-inch pitch, while the the rear outboard seats (28-39 AC and 28-39 HK) have the least amount of legroom at 31 inches. The remaining seats are at a 32-inch pitch.
Executive First 25 75" 20.35"


text:
Q: JS email server won't function while deployed I'm pretty new to the space so not sure how obvious this question is. I've created a contact page for a simple website that is hosting live with a domain name. On localhost the contact page operates perfectly and the message is received successfully. However, when I attempt to submit the contact form during the web hosting i get the alert "something went wrong!" from the app.js file. I've created a html contact form, app.js and server.js file. I've also used the nodemailer extension.
Here is the app.js file:
let pname = document.getElementById('name');
let email = document.getElementById('email');
let phone = document.getElementById('phone');
let subject = document.getElementById('subject');
let message = document.getElementById('message');

contactForm.addEventListener('submit', (e)=>{
    e.preventDefault();

   let formData = {
       pname: pname.value,
       email: email.value,
       phone: phone.value,
       subject: subject.value,
       message: message.value
   }

   let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
   xhr.open('POST', '/');
   xhr.setRequestHeader('content-type', 'application/json');
   xhr.onload = function(){
       console.log(xhr.responseText);
       if(xhr.responseText == 'success'){
           alert('Your email has been sent! ###### will be in touch shortly.');
           pname.value = '';
           email.value = '';
           phone.value = '';
           subject.value = '';
           message.value = '';
       }else{
           alert('Something went wrong!')
       }
   }

   xhr.send(JSON.stringify(formData));

})

Here is the server.js file:
const express = require('express');
const app = express();

const nodemailer = require("nodemailer");

const PORT = process.env.PORT || 5001;

//middleware
app.use('/',express.static(__dirname));
app.use(express.static('public'))
app.use(express.json())

function ignoreFavicon(req, res, next) {
    if (req.originalUrl.includes('favicon.ico')) {
      res.status(204).end()
    }
    next();
  }

  app.use(ignoreFavicon);

app.get('/', (req, res)=>{
    res.sendFile(__dirname + '/public/contact.html');
})

app.post('/', (req, res)=>{
    console.log(req.body);

    const transporter = nodemailer.createTransport({
        pool: true,
        host: "smtp.gmail.com",
        port: 465,
        secure: true,
        auth: {
            user: "######",
            pass: "######"
        }
    })

const mailOptions = {
    from: '######',
    to: '######',
    subject:`You have a message from ${req.body.pname} (${req.body.email})  Subject: (${req.body.subject})  Ph: (${req.body.phone})`,
    text: req.body.message
}

transporter.sendMail(mailOptions, (error, info)=>{
    if(error){
        console.log(error);
        res.send('error');
    }else{
        console.log('Email sent: ' + info.response);
        res.send('success')
    }
   })
})

app.listen(PORT, ()=>{
    console.log(`Server running on port ${PORT}`)
})

Thank you!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Little Princess Coloring Make your world more colorful with printable coloring pages from Crayola. Our free coloring pages for adults and youngsters, range from Star Wars to Mickey Mouse. Free printable coloring pages for kids you could print out and color. Take a break and have some fun with this assortment of free, printable coloring pages for adults. Discover the world of Disney, Disney Pixar, and Star Wars with these free coloring pages for youths. Coloring Pages database. More than 5.000 printable coloring sheets. Free coloring pages of youngsters heroes. Free printable coloring sheets for adults together with mandalas, vacation pages and different advanced coloring patterns.
Little Princess Coloring Get ready for some coloring fun with free printable coloring pages from Fisher-Value. A spread of fun and exciting Shopkins coloring pages to obtain, print and luxuriate in. Free Coloring Pages. Searching for the flexibility to kind resources by tune, sequence, or theme? You continue to can! Just use the principle menu on the very top of the web page! ere is a technique to have fun coloring whereas learning in regards to the living world. Coloring pages have never been so much enjoyable! The Quiver App combines physical coloring with state-of-the-art augmented reality technology to convey you.
Little Princess Coloring Get able to have some colouring fun with Crayola's free printable colouring pages. Preschoolers can select coloring pages from their favourite Nick Jr. reveals to create custom artworks. A large selection of coloring pages and worksheets which might be colored in online or printed. Free coloring pages appropriate for toddlers, preschool, kindergarten and early elementary kids.


Keep your patio pavers looking clean by removing the efflorescence.
The porous composition of brick makes it susceptible to efflorescence, which is a white, powdery substance on the surface of the brick. The efflorescence usually looks like concrete dust, but it's composed of salts brought to the surface of the brick as moisture passes through the material. This can be a recurring problem with brick pavers, especially ones consistently exposed to moisture such as that from a lawn sprinkler. The dust might brush off, but stronger methods of removal exist if necessary.
Let your patio dry thoroughly. Scrub the white areas with a dry, stiff-bristled nylon brush. Sweep off the efflorescence with a broom.
Add a squirt of dish-washing liquid to a 1-gallon bucket of water. Dip the stiff-bristled brush into the water and scrub remaining efflorescence stains. Rinse the patio and allow to dry.
Prepare an acid wash to remove any remaining stains. Mix 20 parts household vinegar with 100 parts water. Wet the area with plain water, then pour the acid wash over the brick.
Mix 1 part ammonia with 9 parts water to create an alkaline wash to stop the acid reaction with the brick. Pour it over the brick immediately after applying the acid wash. Rinse the brick thoroughly with plain water to wash away both chemicals and the efflorescence they removed.
Wear eye protection and gloves when working with acid and alkaline solutions, even diluted ones.
Harris, Rob. "How to Clean Cement-Colored Residue Off Brick Patio Pavers." Home Guides | SF Gate, http://homeguides.sfgate.com/clean-cementcolored-residue-off-brick-patio-pavers-88151.html. Accessed 18 April 2019.
What Turns Bricks White Around the Edges?
Can Cement Be Mixed With Sand When Filling Spaces Between Pavers?
Should Polymeric Sand Be Used for Clay Brick Pavers?


text:
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Category: nlnkzlpc
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MLA says Site C will power the oil and natural gas industry
By Dwight FordAnother Lower Mainland NDP-MLA has weighed in with his views on the Peace River Site-C dam project, putting it under the going-green microscope.Michael Sather is the MLA for Maple Ridge-Mission and he claims most of the new power that would be generated by Site C would be destined for the Fort Nelson area, where it would be used to develop natural gas in shale deposits.- Advertisement -The Maple Ridge News says Mr Sather, the NDP's deputy environment critic, also contends the natural gas would then be pumped to the Alberta tar sands, where it would be used to separate the oil from the sands.Mr. Sather made the accusations this week using statements by former provincial energy minister, and Peace River North MLA Richard Neufeld during his February appearance before Fort St. John City Council.However, Liberal MLA Marc Dalton has again reminded the opposition critic there's been no final decision on Site C and he also reminded him, any use of electricity to develop natural gas means it would be going to the oil and gas industry, which pays for social services in the Lower Mainland.Advertisement read more
Tallawahs looking to keep streak alive – Richardson
Hero Caribbean Premier League 2018…By Clifton RossJamaica Tallawahs Operations Manager Andrew Richardson said with crunch time approaching, the team is focused on continuing their win-streak as they prepare to tackle the Guyana Amazon Warriors in their next match set for Saturday under lights at Providence.Andrew RichardsonThe Tallawahs final squad members arrived on Wednesday while some came Monday and immediately commenced their training at the Providence Stadium. The former Tallawahs fast-bowler Tallawahs Manager, during an exclusive interview with Guyana Times Sport on Thursday afternoon, said that his players have been enjoying their time so far in the tourney and are upbeat ahead of Saturday's clash versus the Warriors at home."It's always enjoyable to come to Guyana, we have had some ups and downs, we have won three in a row and we lost three in a row. But we're looking to fix it cause now is the business end and its about positioning and hopefully we hit all our straps and correct the errors we made before", Richardson admitted.The Jamaica Tallawahs players during their net session on ThursdayThe 37 year-old believed that his team was playing a good brand of cricket and he hopes that they can continue their win streak versus the home team and further climb the points table with play-offs approaching. "Our batting has been doing fairly decent, we have been scoring 180 plus as along as we have been defending what we post. The wicket here in Guyana has improved its look like 170 so hopefully we can capitalize on the nature of it".Tied on 10 points with their opponents for this weekend, despite being in 4th place the former Tallawahs pacer said that winnings games and acquiring the necessary points are crucial objectives for the team. "They (points) are extremely important; the next couple of games the teams involved will determine the play-off spots. Everyone wants to be one or two, but we have to do we have to do the situation is we have one more preliminary game and we can ask our players to come good against Guyana and hopefully we can come out victorious", he said.Former title holders, the Tallawahs have been one of the better all-round sides this season and Richardson said it's about the team winning every match and working on their weak areas as they go forward. "We want to win every game here, we have a three game win streak and we want to pull it back at the back end we have areas we need to brush up on and now is the time" he ended.Both teams will have just one day left to fine-tune themselves ahead of Saturday night's clash under lights at Providences which bowls off at 20:00h. read more
Confessed rapist gets 18 months in '84 crime
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. – A man who sexually assaulted a University of Virginia student in 1984 and apologized to her two decades later as part of the Alcoholics Anonymous program was sentenced to 18 months in prison Thursday. William Beebe, 42, pleaded guilty in November to one count of aggravated sexual battery for his attack on Liz Seccuro. Charlottesville Circuit Court Judge Edward Hogshire ordered a 10-year prison sentence with all but 18 months suspended, as long as Beebe performs 500 hours of community service related to issues of sexual assault and alcohol abuse on college campuses. Prosecutors had recommended two years. "I'm not trying to excuse my behavior, but I was a different person then," said Beebe, of Las Vegas, Nev. "I have a purpose, and that gives life meaning. I didn't have that then." After the hearing, Seccuro shared a long hug with her husband. Outside court, she said she thought the sentence was "very fair." "It's always hard to ask a survivor what you think is enough," she said. The case was revived in 2005 after Beebe wrote Seccuro a letter of apology in an attempt to make amends for the assault as part of AA's recovery program. The program's ninth step calls on alcoholics to make amends to those they have harmed – unless doing so would cause further injury. In an exchange of e-mails that ensued, Beebe wrote: "I want to make clear that I'm not intentionally minimizing the fact of having raped you. I did." Seccuro, 40, of Greenwich, Conn., was given a drink at a party that made her feel strange, and she later passed out, leaving her memory hazy. She said she vividly recalls being attacked by Beebe, but always had a vague impression she'd been assaulted by additional members of the fraternity. Evidence later surfaced that indicated Seccuro was attacked by more than one person that night, and Beebe was offered a plea bargain.. 160Want local news?Sign up for the Localist and stay informed Something went wrong. Please try again.subscribeCongratulations! You're all set! read more
Man United teenage transfer target scores at Euro U17 Championship – highlights
1 Tahith Chong scores for the Netherlands	Manchester United fans may be reeling from the news Renato Sanches will be joining Bayern Munich and not them this summer, but they may yet be given a reason to be cheerful.The Red Devils are set to land Netherlands youngster Tahith Chong once the season is finished, with the player himself all but confirming a move back in April.Feyenoord starlet Chong, 16, is currently showcasing his talents at the European Under-17 Championship and he will have impressed onlookers as he grabbed the only goal in his nation's 1-0 quarter-final win over Sweden.The youngster, easily identifiable thanks to his huge hairdo, was well-placed at a corner to flick the ball home after 62 minutes of the game.You can see Chong's individual highlights and his goal (at around 05:00) below… read more
USC Player Killed
160Want local news?Sign up for the Localist and stay informed Something went wrong. Please try again.subscribeCongratulations! You're all set! LOS ANGELES — Southern California freshman point guard Ryan Francis was shot and killed early Saturday while riding in a car in Louisiana, where he was visiting his mother. The 19-year-old Francis was killed about 3:30 a.m. in Baton Rouge, said Tim Tessalone, USC's director of sports information. "We understand he was in a car and somebody shot into the car," Tessalone said. No other details were immediately available. AD Quality Auto 360p 720p 1080p Top articles1/5READ MOREBasketball roundup: Sierra Canyon, Birmingham set to face off in tournament quarterfinals Francis was USC's starting point guard and averaged more than seven points a game. He scored 22 points a game at Glen Oaks High School in Baton Rouge, leading his team to a 36-0 record and the state's 4-A championship in 2004-05. Francis was named the 2005 Louisiana Class 4-A Player of the Year. "We're all devastated," said USC coach Tim Floyd. "We've lost a special young man who in his short time at USC made an impression that will last forever." read more
Ballybofey man struck by van receives €9.7M after life altering injuries
A Ballybofey teenager who sustained life-altering injuries after he was hit by a van as he crossed a road in Dublin city centre has settled his High Court action for €9.75m.Joshua Sweeney who is now 22 years of age, Mr Justice Kevin Cross was told, is non-verbal and has to use state-of-the-art eye gaze technology to help him speak. He has to use a wheelchair and needs 24-hour care. Plumber's assistant and secondary school student Joshua Sweeney was crossing the road near Bus Aras in Dublin city centre on March 18, 2017, when he was knocked down.Interested in gaming and computers he had earlier in the day attended a gaming conference in the capital and was planning to get a bus home to Donegal. He suffered a skull fracture, a brain injury and other injuries and later had to have surgery.Joshua Sweeney (aged 22) of Eoghasel, Stranorlor, Ballybofey, had sued the driver of the van John Paul Maguire, Kerlogue Road, Irishtown, Dublin and the Motor Insurers Bureau of Ireland.He alleged that suddenly and without warning he was struck and knocked down as he lawfully crossed the road.He claimed against the driver that there was an alleged failure to keep any or any proper lookout and an alleged failure to take any effective evasive action. The claims were denied.The young man was rushed to hospital where he underwent an operation which involved intra-cranial pressure and monitoring.Last year the van driver, John Maguire, who has epilepsy was jailed for three-and-a-half years after he pleaded guilty to dangerous driving causing serious harm to Mr Sweeney.He also pleaded guilty to driving while suffering from a disease or mental disability which would render him a danger to the public. He had no previous convictions.In the Circuit Criminal Court, Judge Martin Nolan heard doctors had warned Maguire not to drive for a year after his last epileptic seizure, just two months before the accident. Maguire later told gardaí he had no recollection of the accident as he was having an epileptic fit at the time.Passing sentence and disqualifying Maguire from driving for six years, Judge Nolan said a fine young man had been left dependent for the rest of his life.The judge told Maguire despite the clear mitigating circumstances in the case, he had a "serious moral culpability" by ignoring an obvious risk.The court heard evidence from a witness to the accident that when the vehicle stopped he saw the driver frothing from the mouth and lying down in the passenger seat.In the High Court, Michael Byrne SC for Mr Sweeney told the court Joshua is cared for by his mother and it is their wish he can now be looked after at home.Approving the settlement, Mr Justice Cross said Mr Sweeney had suffered a life-altering accident. He said the settlement was a good one and the man's legal representatives had done a very good job for him.The Sweeneys were not in court for the approval of the settlement.Ballybofey man struck by van receives €9.7M after life altering injuries was last modified: November 19th, 2019 by StephenShare this:Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window)Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window) Tags:accidentBallybofeycourtGavelJoshua Sweeneyvan read more
Arsenal slammed for Aaron Ramsey contract disaster – 'He could play anywhere'
Ally McCoist has been left absolutely stunned by reports which claim Arsenal could lose Aaron Ramsey for nothing at the end of the season, after failing to tie him down to a new contract.The Welshman is in the final year of his Gunners contract and has been locked in talks over a new deal with the club.But rumours emerged on Wednesday which claim those negotiations have now collapsed.It means Ramsey is likely to leave the Emirates Stadium for FREE in the summer when his deal expires. Aaron Ramsey has twice scored winning goals in an FA Cup final for the Arsenal	Arsenal boss Unai Emery could lose one of his best players for nothing this summer	"In fact, it's that incredible, I can't believe it's true."A host of clubs who would want to take Aaron Ramsey."He could play anywhere, he would certainly be suited to playing somewhere else in Europe – he could play in Spain or in Italy."It's another little headache Arsenal have got if that's the case."Listen back to Ally McCoist on the Alan Brazil Sports Breakfast above! 2 NOT JUST RAMBO: The Arsenal players whose contracts also expire in 2019The 27-year-old has been linked with a host of clubs in recent months as his Arsenal deal winds down, including Premier League rivals Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United, while Italian champions Juventus are also said to be interested.Scottish football legend McCoist says Ramsey is good enough to play in any of Europe's top leagues, and can't understand why Arsenal could make such a blunder by letting him go for nothing.Speaking on Thursday's Alan Brazil Sports Breakfast, the talkSPORT favourite said: "If that's been allowed to happen that is absolutely unbelievable."Not just the football side of it, it's the business side of it – if they've allowed Ramsey's contract to expire in the summer that's absolutely incredible. 2 read more
DONEGAL MAN 'DOWN UNDER' ORDERED TO GET ON PLANE FOR NEXT COURT APPEARANCE
A CO Donegal man's lawyer has been told to tell him to 'get on a plane' and return to Ireland by a judge hearing drugs charges against him.A court in Derry was told that 22-year-old Donegal man Conal MacGrianna, whose latest adress was Sandringham Drive in Derry, couldn't appear to answer the charges because he was on a deep sea fishing trawler off the coast of Australia.He is charged with his three co-defendants with possessing cannabis resin and possession with intent to supply on April 15th, 2010. When District Judge Barney McElholm noticed only three of the defendants were present, Mr MacGrianna's solicitor Donna McCauley said her client had contacted her two days previously using the trawler's satellite phone to say he would not be able to attend court.The judge said the defendant "has joined a fishing boat of his own volition when he knew this matter was coming up was wasting court time".However Judge McElholm joked that he was not going to issue a warrant for the Donegal man's arrest because to do so "would only cause a stampede within the PSNI to execute it."The judge said the defendant should be told that when he returned to port in Australia on May 11th he should immediately board a flight and return to Derry for his hearing.Or else.DONEGAL MAN 'DOWN UNDER' ORDERED TO GET ON PLANE FOR NEXT COURT APPEARANCE was last modified: April 14th, 2012 by BrendaShare this:Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window)Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window) Tags:DONEGAL MAN 'DOWN UNDER' ORDERED TO GET ON PLANE FOR NEXT COURT APPEARANCEdonegaldaily.com read more
WIFE OF FINN HARPS LEGEND SHERIDAN PASSES AWAY SUDDENLY
The wife of Finn Harps legend and former Garda Jim Sheridan has passed away.Patricia Sheridan (nee Dempsey) died unexpectedly at Tallaght Hospital in Dublin.She was the devoted mother of John and Jim Jnr and grandmother of Sarah, James, Eva and Isabele. Finn Harps have expressed their deepest sympathy to Mr Sheridan who is a native of Rathmullan.She is also lovingly remembered by her loving family, brother Alec (Cavan) sister Roseanne (Ballybay), daughters-in-law Aishling and Emer, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, nephews, nieces, cousins, relatives and friendsShe will Repose at her home from 3pm to 9pm Thursday.Removal from her home on Friday morning to the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Sligo to arrive for Mass of Christian burial at 12 noon. Burial afterwards in Saint Patrick's Cemetery, Scarden, Strandhill Road, Sligo. House private to family Friday morning please. Family flowers only please, donations in lieu, if desired, to the Irish Heart Foundation c/o Seamus Feehily and Son Funeral Directors, Pearse Road, Sligo. WIFE OF FINN HARPS LEGEND SHERIDAN PASSES AWAY SUDDENLY was last modified: October 10th, 2012 by StephenShare this:Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window)Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window)Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window)Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window)Click to print (Opens in new window) Tags:finn harpsJim SheridanPatricia Sheridan read more
Awesome possum
160Want local news?Sign up for the Localist and stay informed Something went wrong. Please try again.subscribeCongratulations! You're all set! ROSEMEAD – Ellen Meehan handed out a bunch of peas to third-graders at Janson Elementary School on Monday.Look at the peas, she told them. That's the size of a baby possum when it's first born. Meehan is a crusader for the furry, often misunderstood animal. The San Gabriel resident has been rescuing abandoned and injured possums for 20 years and has lost count of how many possum lives she's touched – hundreds so far, dozens a year. In addition to rehabilitating possums for release back into the wild, Meehan, 78, takes a proactive approach. The former teacher gives talks at schools, automobile clubs, the YMCA and other organizations. "Go home and tell your parents, `Don't worry about the possums,"' Meehan told the class. Despite its timid disposition, the possum has an unfortunate physical resemblance to a rat. With its twitching nose and curly, hairless tail, it doesn't inspire the affection other animals might. "If they had hair on their tails like squirrels, they'd be real popular," Meehan said. Instead, many mistake possums for rats – and respond accordingly. Meehan's most recent rescue is a 8-month-old possum, injured when someone swept it and its mother off a rooftop. The third-graders cooed when she brought it out.She named it Greta Garbo, "because she `vonts to be alone,"' said Meehan, alluding to the Swedish star's signature line.In fact, possums are not rodents but marsupials; the females carry their young in a pouch like kangaroos. Meehan's interest started 20 years ago when she came across a baby possum, whom she later named Burt, in her garage. Though she also rescues dogs and cats – and has previously saved and given a black widow spider to the Whittier Narrows Nature Center – Meehan said there's something about the possum that sets them apart for her."People have such bad ideas about them," said Meehan, known to some as "the possum lady." "I thought, `That's one animal I really want to be able to help.' Kittens and puppies – people don't think about them the same way."Possums rarely contract rabies, Meehan said, due to a low body temperature.They can be beneficial to have around, as their diet of snails, snakes, rodents and cockroaches helps to control pest populations. After class, Meehan tried to recruit one more to her cause. She invited a custodian to pet Greta. After he left, she noted, "He's skeptical, but you can tell he's thinking about it." patricia.ho@sgvn.com(626) 578-6300, Ext. 4586
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June 12, 2020 October 22, 2020 Eamon HennedyLeave a Comment on TELEVISION TROPES: Will They/Won't They?
TELEVISION TROPES: Will They/Won't They?
On March 31st, 1987, sixty million television viewers in the United States sat down to watch the penultimate episode of Moonlighting's third season, entitled 'I Am Curious…Maddie'. Moonlighting had cracked the top ten most watched television series that year and everyone was on tenterhooks to see the series' most famous element, the unresolved sexual tension between series leads Maddie (Cybill Shepherd) and David (Bruce Willis), come to a resolution as the two characters finally kissed and made love to the strains of The Ronette's 'Be My Baby'.
Popular wisdom has always had it that this was the moment that killed Moonlighting and the series was never the same again in terms of quality or watchability, although in truth there were underlying problems going on with the production of the series (if you read about the history of the show) that profoundly affected production which made it an unfortunate coincidence that ratings took a nosedive not long after the series hit its peak with this particular episode.
What Moonlighting had was one of the most popular tropes in all of television, and while it didn't exactly invent it (Cheers and Remington Steele pre-date Moonlighting and used it before hand) Glenn Gordon Caron's iconic slice of 80s television is probably the first and most famous example of a television series we think of when we think of a will they/won't they story unfolding week after week on our television screens, and which is somewhat incorrectly held us as an example of why a series should never have the chemistry between its lead characters be consummated.
It's one of the most profoundly popular storytelling clichés in popular culture, so much so that if you name a television series or ongoing work of fiction, chances are they have played with a variation of the theme; two characters who like each other, or maybe one who likes the other more, and the series playing out the potential for romance without ever going there, at least for a few seasons.
So many series have played the 'will they or won't they' card and some of them have become super popular and famous because of the trope; Friends with Ross and Rachel; The X-Files with Mulder and Scully; Castle with the titular character and Kate Beckett; Bones with its own titular character and Seeley Booth (you'll notice crime procedurals with male/female investigator dynamics positively love the trope).
At the height of The X-Files popularity in the 90's, and when Mulder and Scully had still not become a romantic item, it was frequently the subject of Moonlighting that came up as a reason why Chris Carter's iconic series should never pull on that rip cord. David and Maddie getting together and the start of a dip in ratings were seen as going hand in hand, but it was never quite that simple. The fact that future generations of will they/won't they couples such as Castle and Beckett and Bones and Booth (all investigators in shows that owed an obvious debt to Glenn Gordon Caron's series) got together and their series continued for several years after to still considerable respectable ratings would prove the Moonlighting theory wrong.
As the eighties turned to the nineties, there came an influx of shows that really started to play with the trope and mine it for commercial and popular gold; Lois and Clark took the Superman and Lois Lane dynamic and turned it into a zany fantasy romantic comedy with the central relationship being as much of a reason to watch as it was to see a weekly Superman series, while the same year saw the debut of The X-Files, and the emergence of fans of the show who were so devoted to the on-screen relationship between Mulder and Scully that they actually coined the term shippers to describe themselves, a term that remains to this day when it comes to talking about relationships in pop culture that fans are actively cheering on.
Two of network television's most popular crime procedurals in recent years, both Bones and Castle played with a central 'will they/won't they' relationship for large sections of their runs.
One year after the debut of The X-Files, itself a decade defining series, would come arguably the biggest television of the decade itself. Debuting on NBC, Friends would build its first season around one character, Ross (David Schwimmer), developing feelings for another, Rachel (Jennifer Aniston), and basically mine it for comedic and dramatic gold over the next ten seasons.
Not the first time a sitcom would come to utilise the trope, Cheers in the eighties had mined a similar combination of laughs and drama from Sam (Ted Danson) and Diane (Shelly Long) before the departure of the latter would lead to new character Rebecca (Kirstie Alley) and with it a continuation of the trope.
Friends would play the Ross/Rachel dynamic for romantic comedic gold for those first two seasons, culminating with the second season's dramatic kiss (which in my mind always has U2's 'With or Without You' playing over it in my head but which wasn't the case at all), but the writing staff on the series would subvert expectations in season three and beyond by turning the will they/won't they dynamic into an increasingly dramatic arc, with a 'break', infidelity, an actual break-up happening in one of the 90s very best bottle episodes, and subsequent dramas involving new relationships with other characters, a mistaken name call at a wedding and an unplanned pregnancy continually giving the relationship some dramatic heft.
For all the talk of a so-called Moonlighting effect, most series flourished by pulling on the cord of whatever will they/won't they storyline they had going on and seeing what storytelling they could grab from playing around with it. The first season of Dawson's Creek spent its entire thirteen episode run building up to Joey telling Dawson how she felt about him and, had it been cancelled right there and then, the series would have left the audience with a happy ending with the two characters coming together, but season two saw the series subvert expectations six episodes in and ending the relationship, and doubling down on Dawson being the worst and Joey capable of so much better. Even more brilliantly, the series realised that Katie Holmes had better chemistry with Joshua Jackson and decided to bring in a love triangle just to make things a little messier and dramatic.
That third season of Dawson's Creek didn't have the best of starts, with incoming showrunner Alex Gansa turning it into a sex obsessed version of itself by having noirish plotlines involving new character Eve (Brittany Daniel). Once Greg Berlanti (making his mark on television history and never looking back) took over the reins, he brought in the Joey and Pacey dynamic and with it a new set of will they/won't they dramas with which to play with on the series to brilliant effect, effectively building the series to its fourth and best season with considerable aplomb.
Even going beyond the nineties and into the noughts and eventually the 2010s, many series, from comedies such as New Girl, to intense crime procedurals such as Law and Order: Special Victims Unit and even light hearted fare such as Castle and Bones, took those tropes and played with them to brilliant effect, ensnaring devoted audiences and leaving everyone on the edge of their seats when it seemed as if something might happen. The season four finale of Castle, 'Always', is a brilliant example of a series knowing it had reached a peak with a will they/won't they storyline and deciding to resolve it to dramatic effect. It followed that up with a superlative fifth season that was the series at its absolute best.
Yet, the trope has a problem and like so many issues with previous generations of pop culture, it comes down to diversity. So many of these relationships were centred around characters who were mostly white and also heterosexual, and sometimes looking back on them one can view them as somewhat toxic; lest we forget that Clark Kent spends the first season of Lois and Clark effectively lying to Lois Lane about who he really is (although admittedly this is down more to the comic book source material which has actually subverted this trope and story in recent years) while Ross was the absolute worst to Rachel, especially when she started to care more about her career opportunities and he became jealous to the point of absurdity.
Looking at the history of the trope and its most high-profile examples, it's hard to shake the feeling that they presented white heterosexuality more often than anything else. Even a series such as Dawson's Creek which broke considerable ground when the character of Jack McPhee (Kerr Smith) came out as gay in the middle of season two had, only the season before, scenes that depicted supposedly comedic homophobia when Pacey would make fun of his brother's homosexuality, a character who denied being gay but who subsequently was revealed in the series finale to have been gay the whole time and who was revealed in that final episode, which jumped the series forward a few years later, to be in a relationship with Jack.
The Mulder/Scully dynamic in The X-Files was so popular that the fans of the relationship were responsible for coining the term 'shipper'.
(This may look like a tangent I've went on for that last paragraph, and it kind of is but I'm keeping it because, hell, it's true.)
With diversity in terms of race, gender and sexuality at the forefront of our thoughts in a deservedly more consuming matter than it has been before (although for anyone that isn't white or heterosexual, representation has been a constant, never ending fight), television shows have started to present relationships and romances between characters that aren't merely white or heteronormative in a more forward and thoughtful manner.
The Berlanti-produced Arrowverse has played with will they/won't they tropes between characters who aren't heterosexual, with Legends of Tomorrow in particular having a ball with the flirtatious nature of the character of Sara Lance (Caity Lotz), eventually having her develop a will they/won't they story with Ava Sharpe (Jes McCallan) which has since morphed into a tender, funny romance with genuine chemistry between the two.
One of the best portrayed will they/won't they romances to be found in recent years came from one of the best female comedy writers around; Mindy Kaling. The Mindy Project began as a series that took a romantic comedy framework, and with it references to all sorts of famous romantic comedies, and played with them in witty fashion, backed by great writing from Kaling and gifted performances from herself and the comedic ensemble. While it still honed in on heteronormative tropes, Kaling being Indian meant that the story was being told from a point of view that wasn't white, and being predominantly written from a female perspective (nearly every other show mentioned above came from male writers).
The will they/won't they dynamic that played out between Mindy and Danny (Chris Messina) utilised every trope and cliché in a creative and brilliant manner, and with the series on the cusp of cancellation at the end of its third season, it managed to resolve the storyline in brilliant fashion. A last minute pick-up from Hulu meant the series had to deal with the ramifications of the two getting together, and it was here that Kaling had an ace in her sleeve, opting to portray what happens after 'happily ever after' and showing that not everything came easy to characters who simply got together at the supposed end of the story.
The more the series went on, the more the relationship between the two became somewhat toxic and poisonous and with Messina scaling back his involvement on the series, the writing could only go one way, which made its eventual final episode which had the two get back together somewhat of a cop-out and disappointment, but the journey there was entertaining and gently subversive.
It's a trope that has never shown any signs of going away, and in the space of the last thirty to forty years of television, there is so many examples of it, they are almost too numerous to mention; reading back on this, I've come to the realisation that I haven't mentioned either version of The Office, Gilmore Girls, Scrubs, Northern Exposure, House, Sex and the City or Chuck. Once again, all men and women and nearly all white people, but as television comes to terms with diversity, and as equality takes more of a forefront in our minds in how these things are made and how audiences are responding to them, the time is now ripe for the trope to be more reflective of the world around it.
Things have been getting better, but if one looks up the many lists of the all time great 'will they/won't they' relationships on television, it almost looks as if the medium has only been telling stories about one type of relationship, or it's only been that one heteronormative type that steals headlines, attention and the zeitgeist.
Let's hope television continues to answer that call to do better.
Published by Eamon Hennedy
View all posts by Eamon Hennedy
Categories TelevisionTags Bones, Castle, Friends, Moonlighting, Television Tropes, The Mindy Project, The X-Files
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As real estate agents say, "Location, location, location." And CMA has it all – an ideal location featuring an ocean view and access to two beaches: Inner Cabrillo Beach and Outer Cabrillo Beach. This setting provides many important educational opportunities and the chance to experience marine life firsthand.
A breakwater constructed to protect San Pedro harbor and the Port of Los Angeles creates very different ocean dynamics for each beach. Outer Cabrillo Beach sits outside the breakwater with a direct connection to the open ocean, while Inner Cabrillo Beach is located inside the breakwater within the harbor, hence the two names.
The breakwater protects Inner Cabrillo Beach from ocean waves, creating a very peaceful setting. But how does this low key dynamic impact marine life? In 2006, the Aquarium partnered with the Port of Los Angeles to collect data on the animals living close to shore along Inner Cabrillo Beach.
What was intended to be a short-term study to gauge the status of Inner Cabrillo Beach marine life, turned into a long-term project for CMA staff. "As we started collecting data, we realized the long-term need to monitor the abundance and diversity of the invertebrates and fishes living just offshore in the eelgrass beds of Inner Cabrillo Beach," explained Dr. Julianne Passarelli, CMA's Exhibits and Collections Curator.
The survey takes place three times a year. Staff members collect animals using a beach seine, a special type of weighted net that extends from the ocean floor to the surface, which ensures all animals are gathered into the net. Next, staff and volunteers carefully sort the fishes and invertebrates by species into buckets; then the animals are counted, measured and weighed. Last, but not least, the animals are returned to the ocean.
Each survey provides a fascinating look at local marine life with as many as 50 different species of invertebrates and more than 50 species of fishes collected less than 30 feet from the beach. They'e found large adult California spiny lobsters, huge thornback rays, tiny kelpfish, several types of flatfish and intriguing parasites. The survey also teaches participants how to collect data and several local biology professors have brought students to participate.