text:
Ahead of Print -A New Bat-HKU2–like Coronavirus in Swine, China, 2017 - Volume 23, Number 9—September 2017 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC
Two Decades of Hantavirus— (Length: 7:27)
Volume 23, Number 9—September 2017
A New Bat-HKU2–like Coronavirus in Swine, China, 2017
RIS[TXT - 2 KB]
Lang Gong1, Jie Li1, Qingfeng Zhou, Zhichao Xu, Li Chen, Yun Zhang, Chunyi Xue, Zhifen Wen , and Yongchang Cao
Author affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (L. Gong, J. Li, Z. Xu, L. Chen, Y. Zhang, C. Xue, Z. Wen, Y. Cao); Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China (J. Li, Q. Zhou, L. Chen, Z. Wen)
Suggested citation for this article
We identified from suckling piglets with diarrhea in China a new bat-HKU2–like porcine coronavirus (porcine enteric alphacoronavirus). The GDS04 strain of this coronavirus shares high aa identities (>90%) with the reported bat-HKU2 strains in Coronaviridae-wide conserved domains, suggesting that the GDS04 strain belongs to the same species as HKU2.
Several pathogens are thought to be responsible for porcine diarrhea, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) (1), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (2), porcine deltacoronavirus (3), porcine group A rotavirus (4), and emerging viruses like porcine kobuvirus (5). To add to the list, we have identified from suckling piglets with diarrhea in China a new bat-HKU2–like porcine coronavirus (porcine enteric alphacoronavirus [PEAV]).
Since December 2010, large-scale outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling piglets have been reported across China (1), and vaccination against PEDV has been relatively effective for diarrhea prevention. However, in February 2017, outbreaks of severe diarrhea occurred in swine herds vaccinated against PEDV in Guangdong, China. All ill pigs showed severe watery diarrhea, and their clinical onset occurred a few days later than those infected with PEDV. In initial tests with reverse transcription PCR using specific primers for PEDV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine group A rotavirus, or porcine deltacoronavirus, none of these viruses could be detected in all clinical samples. Furthermore, the recovered sows showed no seroneutralizing antibodies against PEDV.
To investigate the possible causative pathogen or pathogens causing this recent severe diarrhea in suckling piglets, we obtained excreta from 32 ill newborn piglets from 3 farms. We divided 5-day-old piglets into 4 groups of 5 each (3 groups according to the origin of the excreta, plus 1 control group). We inoculated each animal with 5 mL of excreta through the oral route. After 2 days, all inoculated animals exhibited similar clinical symptoms, including diarrhea and dehydration. We randomly selected 2 inoculated pigs in each group and performed necropsies on days 3 and 5 postinoculation, respectively. We filtrated homogenate of small intestine and intestinal contents, using the resultant supernatant for RNA extraction as described previously (2). We extracted total RNA by using a TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) and eliminated ribosomal RNA with the Ribo-Zero rRNA Removal Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After reverse transcription PCR with random primers, we performed 150-bp paired-end shotgun metatranscriptome sequencing on the cDNA libraries by using an Illumina HiSeq system.
After assembling and mapping sequencing reads, we obtained a complete genome sequence of the PEAV GDS04 strain, which we then deposited in GenBank (accession no. MF167434). The full length of the PEAV genome is 27,171 nt (excluding the poly-A tail); this size is similar to that of bat-like HKU2 strains of coronavirus (6). The full genome of PEAV GDS04 strain shares high nucleotide identities (≈95%) with the reported bat-HKU2 strains.
Figure. Phylogenetic tree based on the whole-genome sequences of PEAV, bat CoVs, and other representative CoVs, China, 2017. Analyses were conducted by using MEGA software version 6.0 (http://www.megasoftware.net) with the neighbor-joining...
Our phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome of GDS04 and representatives of 4 established coronavirus genera, including the human and bat-like coronaviruses, demonstrated that GDS04 clusters with bat-like coronaviruses (Figure). According to the phylogenetic tree, the position of GDS04 is between HKU2 and BtRf alphacoronavirus. The HKU2 strain was identified in Hong Kong and Guangdong Province, China, in 2007 (6), and the BtRf alphacoronavirus strain was detected in China in 2012 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_028824.1). Both viruses are bat-associated viruses. However, the 2 strains are distributed in relatively different branches (Figure). Based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of the genomes of various groups of coronaviruses, we classified GDS04 as an alphacoronavirus. Our sequence analysis revealed that GDS04 has 80% nt and 87% aa identity with the spike (S) protein of the HKU2 strain. Moreover, the S protein of the GDS04 genome is 6 bp longer than the S protein in the HKU2 strain, which has the smallest S protein among all coronaviruses. Nevertheless, the GDS04 strain shares 95.7% aa identity with HKU2 in nonstructural protein (nsp) 3 (adenosine diphosphate-ribose 1′-phosphatase), 96.4% in nsp5 (3C-like protease), 94.6% in nsp12 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), 99.8% in nsp13 (helicase), 99.2% in nsp14 (3′-to-5′ exonuclease), 99.4% in nsp15 (poly[U]-specific endoribonuclease), and 97.6% in nsp16 (2'-O-ribose methyltransferase). These nonstructural proteins are Coronaviridae-wide conserved domains in replicase polyprotein pp1ab. A threshold of >90% in aa sequence identity suggests that 2 viruses are of the same species; our findings suggest that the GDS04 strain belongs to the same species as HKU2.
Furthermore, we designed specific primers of the n gene for the detection of the GDS04 strain. By using reverse-transcription PCR with these primers, we found that 97 out of 308 clinical intestinal or fecal samples were positive for GDS04. We collected all clinical samples from 25 farms in Guangdong Province during February–April 2017 and used 20 samples collected from healthy vaccinated piglets as negative controls.
In summary, we report preliminary data on our detection of a new coronavirus-like virus, PEAV. PEAV is thought to be responsible for the most recent diarrhea endemic in pig herds in southern China. Virus isolation and serologic testing are underway. The outbreak of the newly discovered virus arose among swine with severe diarrhea in swine breeding farms in southern China, suggesting the regional outbreaks of diarrhea could contribute to the emergence of new pandemic viruses. Extensive surveillance for GDS04 PEAV is required to define its epidemiology and evolution.
Mr. Gong is a PhD student in life sciences school at Sun Yat-sen University. His primary research interest is molecular epidemiology of novel coronaviruses. Dr. Li is a postdoctoral fellow at Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd. His research focuses on bioinformatics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of coronaviruses.
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (grant no. 2016YFD0500101).
The animal study was supervised by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Sun Yat-sen University (approval no. IACUC DD-17-0403) and used in accordance with regulation and guidelines of this committee.
Sun RQ, Cai RJ, Chen YQ, Liang PS, Chen DK, Song CX. Outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea in suckling piglets, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:161–3. DOIPubMed
Pensaert MB, de Bouck P. A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine. Arch Virol. 1978;58:243–7. DOIPubMed
Dong N, Fang L, Zeng S, Sun Q, Chen H, Xiao S. Porcine deltacoronavirus in mainland China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:2254–5. DOIPubMed
Theuns S, Vyt P, Desmarets LM, Roukaerts ID, Heylen E, Zeller M, et al. Presence and characterization of pig group A and C rotaviruses in feces of Belgian diarrheic suckling piglets. Virus Res. 2016;213:172–83. DOIPubMed
Reuter G, Boros A, Pankovics P. Kobuviruses - a comprehensive review. Rev Med Virol. 2011;21:32–41. DOIPubMed
Lau SK, Woo PC, Li KS, Huang Y, Wang M, Lam CS, et al. Complete genome sequence of bat coronavirus HKU2 from Chinese horseshoe bats revealed a much smaller spike gene with a different evolutionary lineage from the rest of the genome. Virology. 2007;367:428–39. DOIPubMed
Figure. Phylogenetic tree based on the whole-genome sequences of PEAV, bat CoVs, and other representative CoVs, China, 2017. Analyses were conducted by using MEGA software version 6.0 (http://www.megasoftware.net) with the neighbor-joining......
Suggested citation for this article: Gong L, Li J, Zhou Q, Xu Z, Chen L, Zhang Y, et al. A new bat-HKU2–like coronavirus in swine, China, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Sep [date cited]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2309.170915
DOI: 10.3201/eid2309.170915
1These authors contributed equally to this article.


Total Vehicle Services is focused on providing a high-quality personalised service, my business was born out of a love for cars and bikes, not a desire to make money from them!
With 19 years experience in the motor trade I specialise in vehicle service, repairs, fault diagnosis and selling quality vehicles, classics, American, but also everyday vehicles. Cars and bikes held in stock and located to order.
Have a look around my website and if you have any comments or questions, please feel free to contact me.
I hope to see you again! Check back later for new updates, stock changes regularly!


text:
Hamas footage of infiltration
Hamas television station publishes footage of border infiltration
Al-Aqsa TV, run by terror group, releases footage of 4 Palestinians crossing security fence in southern strip, setting fire to IDF post; infiltrators said to have left behind tent with writing, 'March of Return. Returning to lands of Palestine'; IDF fired at infiltrators, but they returned to Gaza unharmed in incident that lasted less than one minute.
Elior Levy|Published: 05.26.18 , 20:10
Hours after four Palestinians crossed the security fence in the southern Gaza Strip and threw a Molotov cocktail, Hamas's official Al-Aqsa TV station published footage of the incident.
Footage showed the four crossing into Israeli territory and lighting an IDF post on fire using an incendiary material, and then fleeing back into the strip.
Hamas footage of the Palestinians' infiltration
שליחה לחבר
כתובת דוא''ל של החבר שמך כתובת הדוא''ל שלך נושא
הקלידו את הקוד המוצג
תמונה חדשה
הסרטון נשלח לחברך
הטמעת הסרטון באתר שלך
קוד להטמעה:
An IDF force that spotted them arrived and fired warning shots. The IDF initially reported that the suspects burned a tire on Israeli land, but later recanted the claim.
Palestinian lighting a fire, as seen in Hamas footage of infiltration
Apart from the incendiary bottle, it was reported the suspects left a tent in the field bearing the writing, "March of Return. Returning to the lands of Palestine." It was further communicated the entire incident lasted less than a minute.
On Friday, an explosive device was thrown at an IDF force north of the Gaza Strip border, as the weekly protest resumed once more. No one was hurt.
IDF footage of the incident (צילום: דובר צה"ל)
IDF footage of the incident
With dwindling numbers, some 5,000 Palestinian protesters gathered in two locations along the Gaza border security fence. They threw rocks at Israeli forces and burned tires, with the IDF deploying crowd control measures. Attempts to sabotage the fence were also documented.
IDF footage of rioters scaling security fence (Photo: IDF Spokesperson's Unit)
IDF forces were also deployed en masse in the West Bank, and have been working in coordination with Shin Bet, Civil Administration, Border Police and Israel Police forces to allow worshipers to participate in the Ramadan Friday prayers while defending Israeli communities and roads and maintaining order and security in the sector.
Consequently, some 87,000 Palestinians passed through the different crossings from the West Bank into Jerusalem Friday to participate in Ramadan prayers. Some 8,000 Palestinians, meanwhile, visited the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron for prayers.
See all talkbacks "Hamas television station publishes footage of border infiltration"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
National Wrestling Alliance
The National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) is an American professional wrestling organization formed in 1948. From its inception until the mid-1980s it was the most-recognized brand in professional wrestling. Under the control of the membership-based NWA Board of Directors (consisting of various prominent, regional promoters), it previously acted as a governing body for the NWA's national territory system which recognized one world champion, participated in talent exchanges, and collectively protected the territorial integrity of member promotions.
The NWA thrived in America until the late 1980s, by which time most original members had gone out of business as a result of the World Wrestling Federation's national expansion. The largest remaining NWA member, World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which had been formed from the assets of Jim Crockett Promotions (which in turn had itself acquired other former NWA members), would leave the NWA for good in 1993. The NWA continued on as a governing body until 2012, when the rights to the name were transferred to R. Bruce Tharpe's International Wrestling Corp as a result of a lawsuit filed against then-Executive Director Robert Trobich and his company, Pro Wrestling Organization LLC, which controlled the trademarks on behalf of the organization. Under Tharpe, the NWA changed from a membership-based governing body to a private organization which licensed the NWA name to promotions.
Billy Corgan's company, Lightning One, purchased the NWA on October 1, 2017, at which point the NWA's affiliate agreements were allowed to lapse and the NWA became a singular wrestling promotion, rather than an alliance of promotions. Beginning that October, the NWA began its first YouTube series, Ten Pounds of Gold, which focused primarily around the NWA World Heavyweight Champion and others in the division. On February 8, 2018, the organization launched the NWA Network, a professional wrestling podcast network.
1 Current NWA Championships
2 NWA Shows
3 Owner(s)
4 Return To
Current NWA Championships
NWA Worlds Championship
NWA World Tag Team Championship
NWA World Television Championship
NWA National Championship
NWA Shows
NWA Power
NWA Shockwave
Robert Trobich - Pro Wrestling Organization LLC (1989–2012)
R. Bruce Tharpe - International Wrestling Corp, LLC (2012–2017)
Billy Corgan - Lightning One, Inc. (2017–present)
NWA Championships
NWA Territories


text:
Home FATA Rs2.2b development package finalised for Zakhakhel bazaar, surroundings
Rs2.2b development package finalised for Zakhakhel bazaar, surroundings
PESHAWAR: The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government has finalised a development package of Rs2.2 billion for Zakhakhel bazaar and its surrounding areas in Khyber tribal district.
The development package was framed with consultation of the local elders and community keeping in view the under-development and needs of the region.
The package will have the duration of three years which would be spent in seven sectors including public health engineering, irrigation, municipalities, agriculture, livestock forestry and skills development. The basic aim of the package was to introduce projects which create job opportunities for local youth and generating economic activity in the region.
Key projects in the plan include 42 solar pressure pumps worth Rs170 million, 10 drinking water projects costing Rs40.6 million, 22 projects of flood prevention work worth Rs160 million, 13 irrigation channel projects costing Rs80 million, 15 water preservation projects worth Rs160 million, 21 solar tube wells worth Rs21 million and internship program for youth worth Rs20 million.
Under the package, an amount of Rs560 million would be spent on increasing crops production, enhancing capacity of farmers and promotion of modern technology in agriculture sector. To enhance skills development of youth, Rs200 million would be utilised for the benefit of 1,000 youth. Under the Rs170 million livestock projects, cattle would be provided for the promotion of poultry and Rs40 million for distribution of plants and nurseries among the local community.
Residential flats for industrial workers
The KP government has set up 2,056 flats in Labour City Phase 1 Regi Lalma, Peshawar for registered industrial workers and these would be given to the registered industrial workers under the ownership rights.
KP Minister for Labour and Culture Shaukat Yousafzai says the Department of Labour and Culture has started several housing schemes for the workers across the province. He said in a meeting the existing quarters would also be handed over to certified registered labourers after proper process. In addition, he said, more quarters for labourers were being set up across the province.
The minister claimed that this is the first time that workers are getting property rights. He said that funds have been allocated for sanitation, water, street lights and other administrative issues in Mardan Labour Colony.


Drop top, wrap top! – I know it's played out, but it got your attention! The style that DVF revolutionized in the dress is making waves in blouses with dramatic sleeves. I got this one from Fashionnova, who knew that they have some good selections besides the jeans.
To complete this remixed Canadian tux, I paired it with Hayden boyfriend jeans from Topshop. For the longest, I was looking for a good pair of boyfriend jeans. *Can't wait to hit the Topshop sale to look for another pair. I added this print choker to my Etsy. I'm making thicker ones for more of a statement!
These golden mules are my favorite. Whoever decided that mules with their thicker heel was in, my flat feet thank you! I can keep my shoes on all night! I love this braided style of the straps. They also come in pink Velvet.
I've frequently been told that braids is my best hair style. I look forward to doing them to Ghana every year. They do them so well and last two months. My hair grew so much from the protective style.
I'm so blessed that these pictures came out so well! Thank you to @christy_gggg for snapping me!


The recycling is based on a hydrometallurgical process that first makes the batteries safe for mechanical treatment by separating plastics, aluminium and copper and feeding them into their own recycling processes. Cobalt, manganese, nickel and lithium are then recovered and returned to the battery manufacturers for reuse in the production of new batteries.
In addition, Fortum is also testing second life applications with batteries that have been phased out as stationary energy storage devices after they are no longer suitable for use in electric vehicles, among other things.
In February this year, Volkswagen announced a pilot project recycling plant in Salzgitter, Germany, where they say they are aiming for a long-term goal of recycling 97 per cent of all materials in each battery. Belgian company Umicore currently has the capacity to recycle batteries of about 150,00 to 200,000 electric vehicles. Batteries can and are being recycled, however, currently, it is still cheaper to produce new lithium and cobalt. China wants to obligate manufacturers of electrified vehicles to recycle used batteries. In the summer of 2018, China also selected 17 cities and regions to launch a pilot programme for the recycling of used electric vehicle batteries.
Fortum itself estimates that the global market for battery recycling could be worth at least 20 billion euros ($23 billion) a year by 2025 as demand for electric cars takes off.


Completely updated from top to bottom with high quality construction and materials! Fenced yard! Beautiful combination of 3 lots! Stylish and contemporary! Call now to see where your dreams come home!
Listing courtesy of Howard Hanna. Selling Office: Howard Hanna.


text:
Russell Westbrook leads Thunder over Suns for 6th straight win
Report: Hornets looking to ship Lance Stephenson back to Pacers
Vaalentine scores 19, Michigan State crushes Oakland, 87-61
EAST LANSING, Mich. (AP) Denzel Valentine drew a crowd of defenders, then drew praise from a tough-to-please Tom Izzo after Michigan State's latest display of hot shooting.
Valentine, labeled by his coach as his team's hardest worker, scored 19 points - hitting 5-for-6 from 3-point range - as the Spartans beat Oakland 87-61 on Sunday night.
''I shot the ball fairly well and played decently on offense,'' Valentine said. ''Defensively, I need to play a little better. We need to come out with more intensity and pick it up for the next game.''
Branden Dawson had 15 points, Bryn Forbes and Marvin Clark Jr. 12 each and Matt Costello 11 for Michigan State (7-3), the nation's leader in 3-point percentage at .456 after 10 games.
''I was very concerned coming off finals,'' Izzo said. ''I have great respect for Greg Kampe's team. When (Corey) Petros gets it down low, he's a load.''
Dante WIlliams scored 15 to lead the Golden Grizzlies (4-6). Petros scored 13 points and grabbed 10 rebounds and Kahlil Felder added 13 points.
''I think I did OK,'' Williams said. ''But I'd rather score zero points and win than have 15 points and a loss. So I guess it's kind of disappointing.''
The Spartans shot 58.8 percent from beyond the arc and 55.7 percent from the field, assisting on 25 of 34 baskets.
''We knew if they shot the ball well, we'd be in trouble,'' Kampe said. ''We knew they had three amazing shooters and amazing players. I don't care who they play, even if they play Kentucky, if they shoot it well, they'll be in the game.''
The Golden Grizzlies, who gave Michigan State a scare two years ago - trailing by four in the closing minutes, thought they could make it a game again if they could contain two of the Spartans' top three players.
That didn't happen.
The Spartans had 10 steals, contributing to 15 Oakland turnovers.
The Golden Grizzlies shot 39.6 percent from the field and just 25 percent from deep.
''We had some open looks,'' Kampe said. ''We executed and ran some good stuff. I'm not smart enough to know why they didn't go in.''
Oakland outscored Michigan State 14-9 at the foul line and was competitive on the boards, trailing 37-32.
But the key was the Spartans' unselfishness, moving the ball in-and-out and side-to-side until someone found a high-percentage look.
''I really don't remember the ball moving better than this at this time of year,'' Izzo said. ''I give (San Antonio assistant) Jimmy Boylen a lot of credit for that. We were talking this summer about how much fun it was to watch the Spurs move the ball, and we've really been harping on that. We have excellent passers who get along really well. The ball never stops.''
The game was tied at 22 when Valentine and Forbes, teammates on two state championship teams at Lansing Sexton High, hit back-to-back 3s to give the Spartans a six-point lead.
''At the half, B.J. (Dawson), Costello and Schilling each had one rebound,'' Izzo said. ''That's unacceptable. But when you shoot the ball well, it cures a lot of evils.''
Oakland never got closer than four points in the last 26 minutes, as Michigan State closed the first half with a 22-9 run and stretched the margin to 20 on another Forbes 3 early in the second half.
The Spartans shot 60 percent from the field and 63.3 percent from long range before the break, as the teams combined for 25 assists on 30 baskets.
''At halftime we went over all the mistakes we were making,'' Izzo said. ''We didn't seem to have the grit we'd had, so we really challenged them at halftime.''
When Michigan State added more aggressiveness to its shooting accuracy, the Golden Grizzlies' upset bid was over.
''We had a chance to experience this moment,'' Kampe said. ''I hope we learn a lot from it.''
Oakland: The Spartans were the first of five straight opponents from Power Five conferences this month for the Golden Grizzlies. They will face two ranked teams, Arizona and Maryland, in their toughest non-conference challenge since 2010-11. ''I believe we're going to win one of those games,'' Kampe said.
Michigan State: Forbes and Dawson were both in position to reach the 1,000-point plateau on Sunday, something no pair of Spartans had done in the same game. That happened for Forbes, who boosted his total to 1,010. But Dawson will have to wait another game, climbing to 998. Forbes scored 905 points in two seasons at Cleveland State, thanks largely to 142 3-pointers.
Oakland visits No. 3 Arizona on Tuesday night..
Michigan State hosts Eastern Michigan (8-1) on Wednesday night.


This novella is the final story in Joyce's collection Dubliners. It describes a Christmas party given by Kate and Julia Morkan, two elderly Dublin ladies, that is attended by their nephew, Gabriel Conroy, and his wife. While the party is festive, full of dancing, drinking, and eating, it is also pervaded by political, religious, and sexual tensions, as well as memories of loss. When Gabriel and his wife go home at the end of the night, she reveals a long-kept secret that leads to an epiphany.
A book of short stories which weren't very interesting to me.
This has a ending no one would see coming. Wonderful book!


text:
Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (prononcer Zibold), médecin et naturaliste bavarois, est né le  à Wurtzbourg et mort le  à Munich. De famille noble avec titre de baron, il est le frère ou le cousin de l'anatomiste et zoologiste Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold (1804-1885).

Biographie
Reçu docteur en 1820, il entre au service de la Compagnie hollandaise des Indes orientales en 1822. Arrivé au Japon en 1823 avec la légation scientifique néerlandaise, sa rencontre avec ce pays devait sceller son destin et sa vocation.

Une vocation en cache une autre
Durant la majeure partie de l'époque d'Edo (1639 à 1854), l'archipel nippon était fermé aux étrangers et seuls les Hollandais (オランダ : oranda) étaient autorisés à résider dans leur comptoir commercial de l'île artificielle de Dejima près de Nagasaki. Siebold dut donc se faire passer pour Hollandais afin de s'y installer, de 1823 à 1829. Son fort accent bavarois éveille quelques soupçons auprès des interprètes japonais, qu'il parvient à endormir en invoquant un mystérieux dialecte néerlandais.

Six années fastes au Japon
À la faveur d'un assouplissement de la politique de fermeture (dite sakoku), du shogunat Tokugawa, mais aussi des recommandations personnelles de savants japonais, il est autorisé à  ouvrir à Dejima l'école Narutaki, qui réunit bientôt une élite composée d'une cinquantaine d'étudiants avant-gardistes de tous âges et venus de tout l'archipel, sélectionnés par le shogunat. Ce sont les fameux rangakusha (蘭学者, disciples des « études hollandaises », synonyme d'études occidentales), férus de sciences occidentales, dont beaucoup furent le fer de lance du mouvement progressiste, autour de Chōei Takano. Siebold y enseigne la médecine et l'histoire naturelle. Usant de ses protections, il acquiert sous un nom japonais, une maison de campagne dans les environs de Narutaki où il reçoit ses élèves et admirateurs, qui affluent pour mieux voir et entendre le grand « Meester » étranger.

Comme il n'était pas censé recevoir d'honoraires de la part de ses patients, ces derniers le payaient en nature, le plus souvent en lui offrant toutes sortes d'objets et bibelots qui prirent ensuite une valeur historique, à la base de sa grande collection ethnographique.

Siebold fut ainsi le premier occidental à enseigner la médecine au Japon. Mais il s'y rendit infiniment plus célèbre en complétant l'œuvre pionnière du médecin et botaniste suédois Carl Peter Thunberg. Après avoir fondé le jardin botanique de Dejima, il est invité à Edo (aujourd'hui Tokyo), où il connaît le succès et la gloire. Ses remarquables études sur la flore et la faune japonaise passeront à la postérité.

Débordé par ses activités d'enseignant, Siebold parvient néanmoins à réunir  (dont plus de  espèces de phanérogames). La plupart furent récoltées par ses étudiants et collaborateurs dont les plus connus sont : Keisuke Itō, Zonshin Ōkōchi, Sugeroku Mizutani et même le médecin du shogun, Hoken Katsuragawa. Tous les spécimens réunis pendant son séjour au Japon n'étaient pas les premiers à atteindre l'Europe, mais ils venaient compléter ceux de Kämpfer (1651-1716) et Thunberg (1743-1828) acquis aux . Il loua également les services de chasseurs indigènes pour alimenter sa collection d'animaux.

Le , Siebold rencontre le botaniste Hōbun Mizutani (1779-1833) ainsi que ses deux élèves, Ōkōchi Sonjin (1796-1883) et Itō Keisuke (1803-1901), qui forment un groupe de naturalistes à Nagoya. Ceux-ci connaissent quelques travaux occidentaux grâce aux publications néerlandaises et notamment Hōbun qui nomme ses plantes en suivant la traduction néerlandaise des travaux linnéens réalisée par Maarten Houttuyn (1720-1798), mais semble-t-il, sans bien maîtriser le système linnéen. C'est Itō Keisuke qui, le premier, va sensibiliser les naturalistes japonais au système de classification développée par Linné ainsi qu'au système de nomenclature binomiale.

La politique et l'amour

Chargé par le gouvernement néerlandais de collecter toutes sortes de renseignements sur le Japon mais ne parlant ni ne lisant le japonais, Siebold sut trouver des interprètes et collaborateurs zélés parmi ses rangakusei, leur faisant rédiger en néerlandais des mémoires touchant à tous les aspects de la civilisation japonaise : flore, faune, linguistique, histoire et géographie...

Siebold rencontre bientôt , jeune japonaise qui n'hésitera pas à affronter l'opprobre en se faisant fictivement enregistrer comme courtisane pour contourner l'interdiction de mariage avec un étranger. De leur union naîtra une fille, Kusumoto Ine (1827-1903), qui deviendra la première femme médecin du Japon.

L'incident Siebold
Dès 1827, Siebold  avait expédié à Batavia, Bruxelles et Anvers des collections entières, non seulement de plantes mais aussi de livres rares, d'estampes et d'objets d'art. Or, le gouvernement japonais de l'époque avait strictement interdit la vente aux étrangers de tous documents touchants à l'administration, la topographie ou l'histoire du pays, de même que celle des objets relatifs à la religion, l'art de guerre et la vie de la cour, considérés comme secrets d'État.

En 1828, ayant obtenu de l'astronome Kageyasu Takahashi plusieurs cartes détaillées du Japon et de la Corée (confectionnées par Tadataka Inō), il juge bon d'y ajouter de sa main le tracé des frontières nord du Japon. À la suite du naufrage du navire qui emportait une de ses cargaisons, ces cartes sont récupérées par les sauveteurs parmi une cinquantaine d'autres objets interdits. Le gouvernement l'accuse aussitôt de haute trahison, comme espion à la solde de l'Empire russe. Certains de ses étudiants seront emprisonnés mais lui-même ne sera condamné qu'à l'expulsion, le .

Retraite féconde à Leyde
Arraché à ses études, Siebold embarque pour Batavia, emportant toutes ses collections, qu'il léguera ensuite au musée de Leyde. Il arrive aux Pays-Bas le , après un séjour de huit ans au Japon et à Batavia.

Il s'établit à Leyde où une tâche titanesque l'attend, laquelle l'occupera pendant vingt ans. En 1834, il nomme un type d'arbres paulownia en l'honneur de l'épouse du prince héritier des Pays-Bas née Anna Pavlovna de Russie, fille du tsar Paul Ier de Russie. Il se remarie en 1845 avec Helene von Gagern dont il a trois fils (dont Alexandre von Siebold 1846-1911) et deux filles.

Sur les douze mille spécimens de sa collection, il ne pourra en traiter que deux mille trois cents, le reste faisant encore l'objet de recherches aujourd'hui. Il construit aussitôt une serre spéciale pour cultiver ses plantes ramenées du Japon, puis s'attelle à la rédaction des résultats de ses observations. Il fournira une œuvre monumentale, en commençant par Nippon (1832), le premier tome d'un travail ethnographique et géographique, richement illustré, sur le Japon. Il y inclut un savoureux récit de son séjour à la cour shogunale d'Edo. Cinq tomes supplémentaires paraîtront, jusqu'en 1882. Cette encyclopédie permit au public européen de découvrir la culture japonaise.

Il est enterré au cimetière du Sud à Munich.

Publications
 (1822) De historiae naturalis in Japonia statu
 (1826) Epitome linguae Japonicae (Batavia)
 (1829) Synopsis Hydrangeae generis specierum Iaponicarum. In: Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolina vol 14, part ii.
 (1832-1854) Nippon: Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan, 20 parties, 5 tomes de texte, 6 tomes d'atlas et gravures;
 (1833-1841) Bibliotheca Japonica avec Joseph Hoffmann et Kuo Cheng-Chang (Leyde, 6 tomes) [aperçu de la littérature japonaise et dictionnaire chinois, japonais et coréen];
 (1835-1841) Thesaurus linguae japonicae (Leyde);
 (1835-1841) Flora Japonica P.F. von Siebold et J.G. Zuccarini, 2 premiers tomes
 (1833-1850) Fauna Japonica édité par P.F. von Siebold, textes de C.J. Temminck, H. Schlegel, et W.D. Haan, 5 volumes
 (1835-1853) Flora Japonica (Leyde, tomes 3- 15, avec Zuccarini, J.G.).
 (1838-1840) Voyage au Japon, exécuté pendant les années 1823 à 1830 : ou Description physique, géographique et historique de l'Empire japonais, de Iezo, des îles Kuriles méridionales, de Krafto, de la Corée, des îles Liu-Kiu, etc., etc. Philipp Franz Balthazar von Siebold; A de Montry; Édouard Fraissinet. 5 vol. Paris: Bertrand 1838-40.
 (1843) Plantaram, quas in Japonia collegit Dr. Ph. Fr. De Siebold genera nova, notis characteristicis delineationibusque illustrata proponunt. In: Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der Königlich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften tome 3, pp 717–750 (avec Zuccarini, J.G.)
 (1845) Florae Japonicae familae naturales adjectis generum et specierum exemplis selectis. Sectio prima. Plantae Dicotyledoneae polypetalae. In: Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der Königlich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften vol. 4 part iii, pp  109–204m (avec Zuccarini, J.G.)
 (1846) Florae Japonicae familae naturales adjectis generum et specierum exemplis selectis. Sectio altera. Plantae dicotyledoneae et monocotyledonae part iii, tome 4, (avec la collaboration de Zuccarini, J.G.)
 (1847-1848) « Essai historique, statistique et politique sur le commerce du Japon » Dans : Le Moniteur des Indes-Orientales et Occidentales ... publié par Ph. Fr. de Siebold et P. de Melvill de Carnbee. La Haye, Batavia, vol. I (1847),  p. 29 – 38, 111 – 116; vol. II (1847-1848), p. 247 – 256, 333 – 350. Traduction de Nippon, Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan, Abt. VI. Landwirthschaft, Kunstfleiss und Handel (Nippon, ou Description du Japon ; Part. VI, Économie rurale, Industrie et Commerce), p. 1. Édition française rédigée par  A. de Montry et E. Fraissinet
 (1866—1871) Flora Japonica (Leyde, tomes 16-20, Zuccarini, J.G. et Miquel, F.A.W.)

Épilogue
En souvenir de sa compagne, il baptise du nom d'Hydrangea otaksa (contraction familière dont il usait couramment) sa « plus belle plante ». Cette fleur, symbole de Nagasaki, deviendra notre actuelle hortensia (Hydrangea macrophylla).

C'est encore lui qui initie la culture du thé à Java (alors colonie néerlandaise), à l'aide de pieds importés en contrebande du Japon. Peu à peu, depuis le jardin botanique de Leyde, de nombreuses plantes cultivées par Siebold commencent à être diffusées dans toute l'Europe et le reste du monde. Parmi bien d'autres espèces, on peut citer le genre Hosta, l'hortensia et les azalées.

Bien que considéré comme un savant émérite au Japon (シーボルト氏 ou シーボルト先生) où des musées et revues scientifiques portent aujourd'hui son nom, il reste passablement inconnu en Europe, hormis d'une poignée d'horticulteurs et de botanistes. Nommé conseiller aux affaires culturelles et sociales japonaises, Siebold obtient l'autorisation inespérée de retourner au Japon à ce titre et y séjourne à plusieurs reprises de 1859 à 1863. Il en profite pour revoir sa femme et sa fille et caresse un temps l'espoir d'y finir ses jours.

Mais ses propositions pour une véritable approche « culturelle » du Japon — et non pas « marchande » — ne furent pas appréciées du gouvernement néerlandais. Il est rappelé à Batavia, puis aux Pays-Bas. Après avoir offert, en vain, ses services aux gouvernements français et russe, Siebold, désillusionné par ce mépris affiché tant envers le Japon que vis-à-vis de son œuvre, regagne sa ville natale de Wurtzbourg.

Postérité
Siebold est le personnage principal de la nouvelle L'Empereur aveugle ou le voyage en Bavière. À la recherche d'une tragédie japonaise, parue dans les Contes du lundi d'Alphonse Daudet, dont elle clôt la série.
De très nombreuses espèces, notamment horticoles, lui ont été dédiées, parmi lesquelles :
 Clematis florida "sieboldii" : à fleurs blanc crème et gros bouquet d'étamines pourpre violacé
 Dryopteris sieboldii, fougère aux frondes épaisses coriaces comme le cuir
 Hosta sieboldii, Hosta de Siebold ou à feuilles étroites, aux nombreux cultivars
 Magnolia sieboldii, aux feuilles brillantes et magnifiques corolles parfumées
 Malus sieboldii, pommier pleureur, très odorant, à fleurs roses puis blanches
  la primevère japonaise des bois ou primevère de Siebold
 Prunus sieboldii, cerisier ornemental
 Hylotelephium sieboldii, plante grasse vivace, à petites feuilles frangées de rouge.
 Tsuga sieboldii le tsuga (sapinette) du Japon, aujourd'hui Tsuga araragi
 , grande viorne, parfois nommée bois d'arc de Siebold
 Fallopia japonica, la fameuse renouée du Japon, classée aujourd'hui dans le TOP 100 mondial des pires espèces invasives.
(5448) Siebold, un astéroïde découvert en 1992, a été baptisé en son honneur.
Un petit musée lui est consacré en Allemagne, au château de Brandenstein en Hesse.
 Au jardin botanique de l'université de Wurtzbourg, une collection honore P. F von Siebold.

 Bibliographie
 呉秀三『シーボルト其生涯及び功業』著者、東京、1896年
 呉秀三『先生其生涯及功業』(第2版)、吐鳳堂、東京 1926年
 大鳥蘭三郎『シーボルト関係書簡集』、1941年
 板沢武雄『シーボルト』吉川弘文館、東京、1960年
  中山安『シーボルトの頃』、1963年
 Stockhausen, Juliana von : Der Mann in der Mondsichel. Aus dem Leben des Philipp Franz von Siebold 258 S. DVA Stuttgart  1970
 中西啓「シーボルト前後 長崎医学史ノート」長崎文献社、長崎、1989年
 Peter Noever (Hg.): Das alte Japan. Spuren und Objekte der Siebold-Reisen, München: Prestel 1997
  Richtsfeld, Bruno J.: Philipp Franz von Siebolds Japansammlung im Staatlichen Museum für Völkerkunde München. In: Miscellanea der Philipp Franz von Siebold Stiftung 12, 1996, pp. 34 - 54.
 Richtsfeld, Bruno J.: Philipp Franz von Siebolds Japansammlung im Staatlichen Museum für Völkerkunde München. In: 200 Jahre Siebold, hrsg. von Josef Kreiner. Tokyo 1996, pp. 202 - 204.
 Richtsfeld, Bruno J.: Die Sammlung Siebold im Staatlichen Museum für Völkerkunde, München. In: Das alte Japan. Spuren und Objekte der Siebold-Reisen. Herausgegeben von Peter Noever. München 1997, S. 209f.
 Richtsfeld, Bruno J.: Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796 - 1866). Japanforscher, Sammler und Museumstheoretiker. In: Aus dem Herzen Japans. Kunst und Kunsthandwerk an drei Flüssen in Gifu. Herausgegeben von dem Museum für Ostasiatische Kunst Köln und dem Staatlichen Museum für Völkerkunde München. Köln, München 2004, S. 97 - 102.
 Yamaguchi, T., 1997 : Von Siebold and Japanese Botany. Calanus Special number I.
 Alexander v. Siebold: Philipp Franz von Siebold. Eine biographische Skizze. Bd. 1, S. xiii & xxxiii in: Ph. F. v. Siebold, Nippon. Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan'', 2 Bände, 2., veränderte und ergänzte Auflage, hrsg. von seinen Söhnen, Würzburg und Leipzig: Leo Woerl 1897.
 Beukers, H. : The mission of Hippocrates in Japan: the contribution of Philipp Franz von Siebold. Amsterdam, 1998.
 Yamaguchi, T., 2003 : How did Von Siebold accumulate botanical specimens in Japan?, Calanus Special number V.
 Michel, W. : Le Japon vu par Siebold et Siebold vu du Japon [en japonais], conférence publique dans le cadre de l'exposition « Le Japon vu par Siebold » du .
 Masuzō Ueno, 1964 : The Western Influence on Natural History in Japan, Monumenta Nipponica, vol. 19 (3/4) : 315-339.
 Eberhard Friese : Philipp Franz von Siebold als früher Exponent der Ostasienwissenschaften. Ein Beitrag zur Orientalismusdiskussion und zur Geschichte der europäisch-japanischen Begegnung, Bochum : N. Brockmeyer, coll. « Berliner Beiträge zur sozial- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Japan-Forschung », vol. 15,

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Musée mémorial Siebold

Liens externes

 Université Siebold de Nagasaki
 Siebold Huis - Musée de la maison de Siebold à Leyde

Botaniste allemand du XIXe siècle
Japonologue allemand
Allemand au Japon
Étranger de l'époque d'Edo
Écrivain allemand de langue latine
Naissance en février 1796
Naissance à Wurtzbourg
Naissance dans la principauté épiscopale de Wurtzbourg
Décès en octobre 1866
Décès à Munich
Décès dans le royaume de Bavière
Décès à 70 ans
Personnalité inhumée à l'ancien cimetière du Sud
Éponyme d'un objet céleste

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Der NIFL Premiership 2014/15 (auch Danske Bank Premiership nach dem Ligasponsor Danske Bank) war die siebte Spielzeit der höchsten nordirischen Fußballliga seit der Neuorganisation der Liga und die 114. Spielzeit insgesamt. Die Saison begann am 9. August 2014 und endete mit den Relegationsspielen am 1. Mai 2015.

Nach 33 Spieltagen wurde die Liga in ein Meisterplayoff und ein Abstiegsplayout mit jeweils sechs Teams geteilt, in denen jede Mannschaft einmal gegen jedes Team der Gruppe antrat.

Mannschaften

Vorrunde

Abschlusstabelle

Kreuztabelle

Meisterplayoff
Die sechs bestplatzierten Teams des Grunddurchgangs traten je einmal gegeneinander an, um den Meister und die internationalen Startplätze auszuspielen. Die Punkte aus dem Grunddurchgang wurden dabei mitgenommen.

Abschlusstabelle

Abstiegsplayout
Die sechs schlechteren Teams des Grunddurchgangs traten je einmal gegeneinander an, um den Absteiger und den Relegationsteilnehmer zu bestimmen. Die Punkte aus dem Grunddurchgang wurden dabei mitgenommen.

Abschlusstabelle

Kreuztabellen

Relegation
Der Elftplatzierte Warrenpoint Town trat gegen den Zweiten der zweiten Liga Bangor FC um den Verbleib in der NIFL Premiership an.

|}

Torschützenliste

Weblinks
 Tabelle und Ergebnisse auf kicker.de

Einzelnachweise

2014 15
Fußballsaison 2014/15


text:
La censure d'Internet, appelée aussi cybercensure, désigne les limitations de l'information disponible par l'intermédiaire de ce réseau, pratiquée en général au niveau des États, parfois à l'encontre des droits de l'homme.

En effet, bien que la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme fasse de l'accès à l'information un droit indéniable (article 19), certains États ou entreprises semblent, comme pour d'autres médias, vouloir réguler Internet. Dans certains cas, l'État limite la propagande et autres publications qui n'ont pas un but informatif mais politique ou personnel; par exemple les Fake news, en nette croissance, et limitée en France par la Loi contre la manipulation de l'information, ou les incitations à la haine raciale tombant sous le coup du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques. Dans d'autres cas, ce contrôle gouvernemental est en claire violation du droit à l'information et certaines associations, comme Reporters sans frontières, accusent ces États de censure. Entre 1999 et 2004, cette association s'est même fait l'écho d'une augmentation spectaculaire du filtrage d'Internet.

Techniques

Les technologies employées peuvent être le blocage IP par routeur, et la redirection DNS. Des gouvernements peuvent bloquer les contenus du Web qui leur déplaisent, tout en bénéficiant néanmoins de ce qu'ils considèrent comme les avantages d'Internet. En , le code d'erreur HTTP 451 est officialisé pour permettre aux sites web d'indiquer lorsque le contenu d'une page web a été censuré. Plusieurs États interdisent toutefois son utilisation, via une obligation de silence.

D'après RSF, des pays comme  l'Ouzbékistan créent des miroirs modifiés. Ainsi, pour l'internaute, l'accès aux sites des dissidents politiques ne semble pas être bloqué. Les autorités ouzbèkes copieraient les sites controversés, puis les modifieraient afin de saper ou d'affaiblir les prises de positions interdites. Les internautes ouzbeks accédant à ces sites consultent alors des copies falsifiées. Ce type de manipulation sera peut-être décelée par un expert, mais elle est extrêmement difficile à détecter par l'internaute lambda. D'autres informations dans l'article Filtrage d'Internet.

Dans le monde

Dans le monde, la censure en-ligne se fait de plus en plus fréquente, souvent à l'aide de techniques sophistiquées. Les motivations, buts, et effets de la censure d'Internet varient selon les pays. Les contenus contenant des images liées au nazisme ou à la négation de l'holocauste par exemple sont bloqués de différentes manières et à différents niveaux en France et en Allemagne. La pédopornographie et les discours de haine sont bloqués dans la plupart des pays dans le monde.

En fait, de nombreux pays à travers le monde, dont certaines démocraties qui soutiennent fortement la liberté d'expression et la liberté de la presse, s'engagent à lutter contre certains contenus montrés sur Internet. La censure d'Internet en Chine est parmi les plus restrictives au monde, le gouvernement bloque l'accès à de nombreux sites dont des sites de partage ou des réseaux sociaux comme Facebook, Twitter et YouTube ou des sites de discussion sur le dalaï-lama par exemple.

Rapports
Des informations détaillées de la censure d'Internet pays par pays sont fournies par des organisations telles que OpenNet Initiative, Reporters sans frontières, Freedom House, ou le Département d'État des États-Unis.

Reporters sans frontières
En 2006, Reporters sans frontières (RSF) publie une liste dite d', .

Ennemis d'Internet (au 12 mars 2012) :

Pays sous surveillance :

OpenNet Initiative
Jusqu'en 2010, OpenNet Initiative a répertorié le filtrage Internet effectué par les gouvernements de plus d'une quarantaine de pays dans le monde. Le degré de filtrage dans 26 pays en 2007, et dans 25 pays en 2009, a été classé en trois catégories : politique, sociale, et sécurité. Sur 41 pays classés, sept d'entre eux n'ont montré aucun signe de restriction dans aucune des trois catégories (l'Égypte, la France, l'Allemagne, l'Inde, l'Ukraine, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis) tandis qu'un, la Chine, effectuait des filtrages conséquents dans les trois catégories. Treize opéraient un filtrage important dans une ou plusieurs des catégories citées précédemment, et 34 étaient engagés dans le filtrage, à des niveaux différents, d'une ou plusieurs des catégories.

Principaux opérateurs de services Web
La plupart des principaux opérateurs de services Web se réservent le droit de supprimer ou pré-filtrer le contenu publié au travers de leurs services, parfois sans donner une liste spécifique des conditions à respecter. Les opérateurs donnent parfois une liste générale vague des raisons pouvant entraîner un blocage. Les expressions « à notre entière discrétion », « sans préavis », et « pour d'autres raisons » sont communément utilisées dans les termes des contrats d'utilisation des services. Les moteurs de recherche retirent souvent de leurs résultats des sites dont le contenu est jugé indésirable : pédophilie, racisme, œuvres protégées par le droit d'auteur… le filtrage différant d'un pays à l'autre. Ainsi, les sites allemand et français de Google, contrairement au site américain, excluent un certain nombre de pages diffusant des idées d'extrême droite. Plusieurs moteurs allemands ont signé en février 2005 un « code de bonne conduite » proposé par l'association FSM (Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Multimedia-Diensteanbieter), s'engageant ainsi à respecter une « liste noire » établie à partir de signalements faits par les internautes.

Monopole
Au cours du premier semestre 2014, Google a dépensé 9,5 millions de dollars pour faire du lobbying, soit plus que presque toute autre entreprise. Selon Marc Rotenberg, président du Electronic Privacy Information Center, Google finance un grand nombre de groupes de réflexion axés sur la politique d'Internet et des télécommunications. Cette stratégie a réduit au silence les critiques contre l'entreprise au cours des dernières années. D'après Barry Lynn de la New America Foundation, « Google est très agressif en jetant son argent autour de Washington et de Bruxelles, puis en tirant les cordes [...] Les gens ont peur de Google maintenant ». Toujours selon Lynn, Google essaye de « censurer les journalistes et les chercheurs qui luttent contre les monopoles dangereux ». À la suite d'une publication louant les sanctions de l'Union européenne contre Google, Barry Lynn a été licencié de la New America Foundation et sa publication a été temporairement supprimée en raison d'un « problème interne non intentionnel ». La New America Foundation est un think tank de Washington qui a reçu plus de 21 millions de dollars de Google. La New America Foundation est perçue comme une voix qui compte au sein de la gauche américaine.

En 2016, Eric Schmidt, ancien PDG de Google, dirige un conseil consultatif sur l'innovation au Pentagone.

Durant la campagne présidentielle américaine, après que Hillary Clinton ait présenté un « programme technologique » qui semblait conçu sur mesure pour faire plaisir à la Silicon Valley, Elizabeth Warren dénonce Google, Apple et Amazon qui, selon elle, utilisent leur taille pour « éliminer la concurrence ».

En avril 2017, l'auteur et chercheur Jonathan Taplin s'inquiète dans le New York Time du danger que représentent les cinq plus grands groupes Internet américains. Il cite alors Louis Brandeis pour qui « dans une société démocratique, l'existence de grands centres de pouvoir privé est dangereuse pour la liberté du peuple ». Selon Taplin, les autorités américaines « devraient décider assez rapidement si Google, Facebook et Amazon sont des monopoles naturels qui doivent être réglementés, ou si nous autorisons le statu quo à continuer, en prétendant que ces monolithes ne causent pas de dégâts à notre vie privée et à la démocratie ». Dans un ouvrage publié également en 2017, il affirme que les cinq plus grandes entreprises du monde que sont Apple, Google, Microsoft, Amazon et Facebook abusent de leurs positions de monopole et utilisent le lobbying pour étouffer la concurrence. Il dénonce également l'augmentation de la concentration du pouvoir entre les mains de ces quelques géants. Toujours selon Taplin, Google, Facebook et Amazon bénéficient maintenant d'un pouvoir politique comparable sinon supérieur aux grandes entreprises pharmaceutiques ou pétrolières, ce qui rend encore plus difficile la recherche de solutions à ce problème. Certaines rumeurs laissaient en 2017 penser que Mark Zuckerberg pourrait pousser le mélange des genres jusqu'à être candidat en 2020 pour les élections présidentielles américaines pour le parti démocrate. En 2020, ces rumeurs se sont avérées inexactes.

En septembre 2017, le réseau social Gab.ai a intenté un procès contre Google qu'il accuse de violer les lois antitrust fédérales en ayant banni l'application du Google Play Store. À cette occasion, Andrew Torba, chef de la direction de Gab.ai, a déclaré « Google est la plus grande menace pour la libre circulation de l'information ». Google a déjà du payé une amende de 2,7 milliards de dollars de la Commission européenne pour violation des lois antitrust européennes en raison du fait que la société faisait injustement promouvoir ses propres services de comparaison d'achats au détriment de ses concurrents.

En plus de Gab, Google a déjà supprimé l'accès au Google Play Store à de nombreuses entreprises, parmi lesquelles Disconnect qui a porté plainte auprès de l'Union européenne, les applications AdBlock Plus en 2013 et AdBlock Fast en 2016 et d'une manière générale Google crée systématiquement des obstacles pour les utilisateurs Android pour télécharger d'autres magasins d'applications depuis Google Play.

Censure
Lors de l'élection présidentielle française de 2017, Facebook a annoncé avoir supprimé plus de .

À la suite du rassemblement « Unite the Right » à Charlottesville en 2017, de nombreux opérateurs de services Web ont mis en place des mesures de suppression de contenu et bloqué l'accès à leurs services par des individus ciblés, des groupes d'individus et des entreprises. La liste suivante donne un aperçu et n'est pas exhaustive :

Airbnb, OkCupid et Facebook ont supprimé les comptes de certains des organisateurs de l'événement de Charlottesville, des comptes individuels et collectifs, ainsi que des organisations entières. Airbnb a notamment publié un communiqué disant que « la violence, le racisme et la haine démontrés par les néonazis, les suprématistes alt-right et blancs ne devraient pas avoir de place dans ce monde ». Après le rassemblement, Google retire l'application Gab de Google Play. Twitter a suspendu un nombre inconnu d'utilisateurs, y compris des comptes populaires associés au forum de discussion 4chan ouvertement fascistes ou politiquement incorrect. PayPal a coupé les fonds de l'organisation du nationaliste blanc Richard Spencer, qui a ensuite perdu son hôte Web, Squarespace. Spotify a même supprimé la musique « suprémaciste blanche » de sa bibliothèque.

Ce que cet incident a mis en lumière, est que Internet est dans les faits un ensemble de services de base. La plupart de ces services sont détenus et gérés par des sociétés privées, qui hébergent le contenu et donnent aux utilisateurs la possibilité de le consulter ou d'en créer de nouveaux. Si ces fournisseurs de services de base ne veulent pas de quelque chose sur Internet, ils peuvent le censurer et le faire disparaître d'Internet dans le monde entier. Ce contrôle d'Internet est dans les faits concentré dans les mains de quelques entreprises massives qui font tout pour que le public n'en soit pas conscient. À la suite de la mise en place de cette censure, l'éditorialiste Tucker Carlson s'est inquiété de l'absence de contrôle de ces opérateurs de services Web et a proposé que les autorités publiques s'assurent que Google n'entrave plus la libre circulation de l'information. Selon Carlson, « Google est en 2017 la société la plus puissante de l'histoire du monde. Google contrôle la réalité et a déjà démontré une volonté troublante de fausser cette réalité à des fins idéologiques ». Réagissant à un blocage des revenus grâce aux contenus publicitaires de centaines de vidéos sur Youtube, SkyNews écrit « c'est de l'intimidation. Le débat n'existe plus ».

Mis sous pression pour mettre un terme à l'hébergement du site The Daily Stormer, le chef de la direction de Cloudflare, Matthew Prince, a finalement accepté et retiré le site de ses serveurs. Après coup, dans un mail envoyé à ses employés, il écrit « C'était une décision arbitraire, et qui n'était pas conforme aux politiques énoncées par la société [...] Je me suis réveillé de mauvaise humeur et j'ai décidé que quelqu'un ne devrait pas être autorisé à être sur Internet [...] Personne ne devrait avoir ce pouvoir ». Un de ces employé lui a alors demandé « Est-ce le jour où l'Internet meurt? ». Les géants du web détiennent un quasi-monopole sur le flux d'informations et, en tant que tel, sont en mesure de manipuler le discours public.

L'Electronic Frontier Foundation a exprimé ses inquiétudes face à cette série de « décisions arbitraires » menée par les géants du web.

Fin septembre 2017, Gab a été informé que son hébergeur menaçait de ne plus accueillir le site Web. De nouvelles révélations ont montré que en débit de ses postures anti haine, Google suggère aux annonceurs de cibler les utilisateurs avec des sujets comme « quartiers en ruines de Noirs » et « contrôle juif des banques ».

En octobre 2017, Twitter fait supprimer de son réseau les publicités pour Russia Today et Sputnik. En novembre de la même année, Google décide de déclasser Russia Today et Sputnik dans ses algorithmes de façon à rendre ces médias plus difficiles d'accès pour les internautes.

Parades techniques
Une partie des sites d'extrême droite ayant perdu leur hébergement est maintenant disponible sur le Dark web. Des ingénieurs politiquement engagés à droite ont annoncé la création de la Free Speech Tech Alliance avec pour objectifs le développement d'outils permettant de contourner la censure des géants du web. Le développement des technologies Blockchain sont pressenties pour la construction du Web 3.0 qui échapperait à la censure en supprimant le besoin de centralisation du traitement des données.

Image
Prenons l'exemple des emojis par exemple, le Consortium Unicode décide de leurs significations officielles. Cependant en ligne l'utilisation des emojis est incontrôlable et imprévisible . Selon le contexte de la phrase, la signification du rôle de l'emoji peut également être amplifiée et/ou modifiée .
Par exemple, l'aubergine et le revolver sont deux  emojis controversés qui ont été censuré .
C'est sous l'influence de différentes communautés (institutions, utilisateurs, justice…) que des « gestionnaires » peuvent modifier/supprimer des emojis, afin de répondre à leurs responsabilités et satisfaire leurs utilisateurs (comme l'a fait Apple avec l'emoji revolver).

Aujourd'hui, l'engouement autour des emojis devient un marché avec des start-ups spécialisées dans le brand sticker visant à fournir aux marques leurs propres emoji que les internautes ne pourront pas transposer ou détourner.

En 2019, Microsoft supprime de sa police Segoe le rendu des hiéroglyphes égyptiens représentant des phallus, depuis qu'Unicode intègre le bloc des hiéroglyphes égyptiens.

Exemples de censure dans des États
Dans un article publié en septembre 2011, L'Humanité informe que

Algérie
Le site TSA a été bloqué en 2017.

Algérie Part est bloqué en 2018.

Dans le contexte des manifestations de 2019 en Algérie, TSA est de nouveau bloqué en juin 2019, tout comme le mois suivant Inter-lignes et ObservAlgerie, puis Algérie patriotique en août. Quelques jours plus tard, YouTube et les services Google sont à leur tour bloqués pendant quelques heures.

Bénin

Cameroun

Chine

Il existe un ouvrage sur Wikibooks : Contourner le grand pare-feu de la Chine.

Entre 2015 et 2017, la Chine a ordonné la fermeture de plus de 13 000 sites Internet et de millions de comptes sur les médias sociaux. L'accès à Facebook, au moteur de recherche Google et à de nombreux médias étrangers est aussi interdit. En septembre 2017, l'administration chinoise du cyberespace décide que les modérateurs de groupes de discussion sur Internet sont pénalement responsables en cas de diffusion d'un contenu « vulgaire, non civilisé, pornographique, incitant au terrorisme, ainsi que faux, violent ou colportant des rumeurs ». En mai 2019, Wikipedia, déjà censurée en mandarin, est bloquée en chine dans toutes les langues.

Corée du Sud

Cuba

Les Cubains sont peu équipés en matériel informatique (3,3 ordinateurs pour 100 habitants, c'est-à-dire l'un des taux les plus faibles du monde) et il n'existe qu'un seul opérateur dans le pays, la société ETEC SA. L'ouverture d'une ligne Internet est soumise à l'autorisation des autorités de l'île. L'utilisation d'Internet ne doit pas « compromettre la sécurité d'État », ni aller contre « les lois et principes moraux du pays » ; ces motifs sont suffisamment flous pour couper arbitrairement un accès à Internet. Les cybercafés sont surveillés et trop coûteux pour la population. Les clients sont dans l'obligation de décliner leur identité. La recherche de mots-clés jugés « subversifs » par le régime entraîne la fermeture du programme. Les dissidents tels que Guillermo Fariñas (qui a reçu le prix Cyberliberté de RSF en 2006) luttent pour la liberté d'expression et d'information sur Internet.

États-Unis
En 2009, le Département du Trésor des États-Unis a ordonné la fermeture de plus de 80 sites Internet qui faisaient du commerce avec Cuba et violaient ainsi la législation sur les sanctions économiques des USA envers Cuba.

En novembre 2010, l'agence Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) a saisi des noms de domaines dont les activités étaient contraires aux lois américaines. Ces sites Internet ne sont donc plus accessibles pour personne, peu importe le lieu de résidence. Ces sites « interdits » sont principalement des sites proposant des produits de contrefaçon.

France

Libye
Information rendue publique en 2011 : , il s'agit d'Amesys.

Maroc

Russie

En février 2018, la Russie annonce son intention de créer un "Internet souverain", capable de fonctionner de façon indépendante du reste du monde. Le projet est présenté comme une réponse russe aux menaces croissantes de cyberattaque, mais il pourrait renforcer le contrôle de l'état sur Internet et faciliter la censure du réseau.

Suisse
En mars 2017, la section suisse du Chaos Computer Club accuse l'Université de Fribourg de censurer son réseau Internet. Précédemment en 2014, l'Université de Zurich avait du renoncer à ce type de censure sous la pression des étudiants.

En 2018, lors d'un référendum au sujet des casinos en ligne, plusieurs associations comme le Parti pirate, le Chaos Computer Club Suisse et l'Internet Society Suisse dénonce le risque de censure d'Internet. Malgré ces craintes, la loi est votée, l'accès depuis la Suisse aux sites de jeux d'argent installés à l'étranger est interdit.

Tunisie

Turquie

En 2021, le magazine d'enquête ProPublica dévoile que la direction de Facebook a cédé aux pressions de la Turquie lors de la campagne turque contre les forces kurdes syriennes en 2018. Alors que le gouvernement de Recep Tayyip Erdoğan menaçait l'entreprise de représailles, Sheryl Sandberg, la directrice des opérations de Facebook, aurait décidé de bloquer la page officielle des forces kurdes syriennes (YPG) en Turquie pour ne pas perdre ce marché important.

Union européenne

L'Union européenne envisage de mettre en place un filtrage d'Internet afin de contrôler les documents téléchargés par les internautes. La député européenne
Julia Reda et GitHub évoquent une menace pour le logiciel libre.

Parade technique (partielle)
Le logiciel Psiphon permet à un internaute résidant dans un pays censurant Internet d'accéder à Internet sous certaines conditions.

Le projet Peekabooty lancé en 2002, semble une alternative pour les internautes des pays pratiquant la censure. Le logiciel est en fait un navigateur qui permettrait de surfer anonymement via un ingénieux système d'encapsulage-décapsulage. La création du logiciel a été annoncée par le groupe de hackers Cult of the Dead Cow et fonctionnerait sur un système distribué de type Gnutella (aussi connu par des logiciels de Peer-to-peer, fonctionnant sur le principe de redistribution de l'information par tous les ordinateurs hébergeant Peekabooty). Le tout sera couplé avec des dispositifs de chiffrement.

Le déploiement de sites miroir rend beaucoup plus difficile la censure d'un site web. Ce procédé fut utilisé pour assurer l'accès aux informations publiées par WikiLeaks durant le Cablegate.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Annexes

Articles connexes
 Censure de Wikipédia
 Filtrage d'Internet
 Blocage de Wikipédia
 Internet sans frontières
 Picidae, un serveur permettant de contourner la censure d'Internet.
 Prix Cyberliberté
 Logiciel de filtrage
 Effet Streisand - du nom de Barbra Streisand (qui tenta de faire interdire la diffusion de photos de sa maison)
 Erreur HTTP 451
 Shadow banning -  total ou en partie d'une communauté en ligne d'un utilisateur, ou du contenu qu'il produit, de telle sorte que celui-ci n'en ait pas conscience
Film documentaire :
 Une contre-histoire de l'Internet (2013)

Liens externes

  Localized Google search result exclusions - Harvard Law School, 26 octobre 2002
  Internet censorship wiki

Censure
Filtrage d'Internet


Berkley Gulp Glowing Tip Bait is more effective and much more durable than live bait. Use it all by itself on a bare hook, or as a tip on the hook of any other bait, and the Gulp scent and attractant will increase your strike zone as well as your catch. Choose your colors to match-the-hatch.


text:
Elon Musk called "unapproachable tyrant" in Tesla employee survey
by Daine November 25, 2022
Shortly after Elon Musk officially bought Twitter on Oct. 27 for $44 billion, Tesla (TSLA) – Get a free report The CEO took the company private and started cutting staff.
He fired Twitter's CEO, CFO and other executives. His vision for the company called for a much smaller workforce, so mass layoffs began. About 3,700 people were made redundant, about half of the company's employees.
Many Twitter workers found their jobs unceremoniously gone. Some have simply not been able to access their laptops while others have received the news by virtue of having their Slack accounts blocked.
Then, on Nov. 16, Musk continued the purge by offering Twitter employees an ultimatum. He emailed all employees and told them to expect "long, high-intensity hours" and to agree to these terms. If they didn't agree, they would face three months' severance, they were told.
"Moving forward, to build a revolutionary Twitter 2.0 and succeed in an increasingly competitive world, we will need to be extremely hardcore," Musk wrote in the email. "That will mean working long hours at high intensity. Only outstanding performance will count as a passing grade," wrote the billionaire.
"If you're sure you want to be a part of the new Twitter, click yes on the link below," he continued. "Anyone who doesn't do it by 5:00 PM ET tomorrow (Thursday) will get a three-month layoff."
Musk's management style is undeniably aggressive and, to some observers, narrow-minded and narrow-minded.
It is against this background that a 2018 employee review of Tesla has now emerged.
An "Ugly Part of Tesla's Culture"
The survey, referenced in early November in a lawsuit by a Tesla shareholder over Musk's $50 billion salary package, shows employees have formally filed complaints about the company's culture and leadership .
"Tesla is hemorrhaging highly talented and fiercely motivated people who truly believe in the company's vision and continue to hope for its success," wrote one worker in the survey revealed by Insider. "Elon is a first-rate technical leader, yet he is widely seen as an unapproachable tyrant who devalues staff contributions and can fire them on a whim…we treat people, the fundamental unit of a business, like any other asset expendable."
Insider reported that the worker added that Tesla "fails to distinguish between technical leadership and people leadership" and called it an "ugly part of Tesla's culture."
The survey also revealed the results of employee preference ratings in response to a series of questions. The weakest favorability scores were in the areas of compensation and trust in Musk and his executive team to balance employee interests with those of the company.
Tesla is an 'extremely toxic environment'
The employee survey revealed a number of additional comments expressing concern. These include the following:
"Elon needs to take responsibility for the position he has put the team in. He and JB need to take responsibility for that. They must immediately stop firing everyone who reports to them and remove any threat from the way they are doing business. Feel free any time I or anyone around me will be fired, and I don't intend to stay in that extremely toxic environment much longer."
"…the blame placed by Elon and the Exec team on lower-level engineers without owning any accountability for poor design review, non-reality planning, and poor resource allocation has led me to lose all trust Elon as the leader of this company."
"… empowers people not to be forced by Elon into unrealistic commitments."
"I think there needs to be more culture here at Tesla. I know work is incredibly important and we all need to work hard, but we also need outlets to express ourselves and enjoy ourselves on a more personal level… There are also a few communications from Elon Musk and the executive team… I think that's important [they] reach out to the company from time to time with exciting updates so you feel more of a sense of community and belonging."
TaggedCARSElectric vehiclesInvestLIFESTYLETECHNOLOGYTesla
Washington Post Discovers 1957 Photo Of Jerry Jones In Crowd Barring Black Students From School
Expert Ohio State football predictions for the Michigan game
IRS Conducts Biden Audits, House Approves Requirements for President's IRS Audit
Bearish Bets: 3 Stocks You Should Definitely Consider Shorting This Week
Fed to the stock market: Big rallies will only prolong the painful fight against inflation


Minecraft contains music created by C418. The music plays at various points in game, including the main menu, in creative mode, in the Nether, and during the credits.
Please note, these tracks previews have been shortened to 30 seconds on the wiki due to an agreement with the author to allow them on the wiki. This does not apply to "11" and "Calm 4".
↑ "11" is not "Eleven" in Minecraft - Volume Beta.
↑ In the Console Edition, this track is named "Where Are We Now"
Added "Calm 1", "Calm 2", and "Calm 3" as ambience music tracks.
Removed the "Calm 4" file.
In-game music is cued by the time of day, with a random track being played at sunrise, sunset, noon and midnight.
In Console Edition, the music disc "Cat" includes a second tune at the end, a remix titled "Dog", from Minecraft - Volume Alpha.
On April Fools' Day 2014, Mojang played a bunch of villager themed pranks on the players, including temporarily replacing the track "Hal 1", or "Subwoofer Lullaby", with a version that had a villager singing along, as well as temporarily replacing all the menu songs with the villagers singing the Game Of Thrones theme song.
5 songs in C418's album "148" (Droopy Remembers, Vierton, Aria Economy, Biome Party, and Beta) are drum and bass remixes of some songs in "Minecraft: Volume Alpha" and "Minecraft: Volume Beta" (Droopy likes ricochet + Droopy likes your face, Dreiton, Aria Math, Biome Fest, and Sweden).


text:
GE 14 Highlights
We Delivered
By Najib RazakFriday July 1st, 2011 Speeches
DATUM:KL Kuala Lumpur Architecture Festival
1. Let me start by welcoming you to the very first DATUM:KL Kuala Lumpur Architecture Festival. To all of you; to the Presidents of the regional architects' institutes; and to everyone attending the meetings of the ASEAN Architect Council and the Architects Regional Council Asia – Selamat Datang!
2. I would also like to thank our very own architectural institute, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM), for giving me the opportunity to speak with you today. In just eight short years this event has grown from a conference of 200 people into a month-long festival attended by more than 2,500 leading lights of the architectural community from countries right around the world, and I am very proud to be involved.
3. Tonight we come together to celebrate how Malaysian architecture has shaped the country that we are today – and of course the architects who, through their creativity, their originality and their vision, have guided us along the way.
4. Their work reflects a diversity of styles born out of Malaysia's own cultural diversity – from the traditional roof design incorporated into the pitched canopy entrance of Maybank's Training Centre to the rich and ornate detail of traditional Islamic architecture blended with the latest in modern design seen in the Ministry of Finance.
5. But as well as being a celebration of all we have achieved to date this festival is squarely focused on the future – and I am delighted that it seeks to inspire and engage with the public and to communicate to the next generation the power of the places where we live our lives.
6. That power can be felt all around us – from the building we are gathered in today, which in keeping in the purpose of this festival is a hotel renowned for its design, to those that we inhabit every day of our lives. From your drawing boards in offices and practices across the world come designs that become permanent fixtures on our landscapes – designs with the ability to inspire, awe and to transfix the imagination and the mind.
7. So architecture can be about creating new experiences in old spaces, but it is also frequently, of course, about creating something completely new – buildings that influence entire landscapes and that go on to become icons in their own right.
8. Here in this city we have the Petronas Towers – recognised by people the world over and an enduring symbol of Malaysia. Almost every tourist who comes to Kuala Lumpur will have a picture of them – but despite the fact that they remain unchanging in their form, each picture will be different. Things like the weather, the time of day and whether the towers are pictured from the North or the South will make each person's photo and experience unique to them.
9. It is this interaction between structures and people that makes architecture so unique and so compelling – and the structures that, as societies, we choose to build are also a lasting testament to our values. Here, for example, the spirit of 1Malaysia is woven into the physical fabric of our society, existing not just as an abstract concept but informing both our private and our public spaces.
10. Go into any office block or residential high-rise and, as you might expect, you will find Muslim prayer rooms. But you will also find that, in deference to the Chinese community, many buildings do not have a fourth floor, or a 14th, or a 24th – the number four is considered inauspicious. Three-quarters of Malaysians do not have Chinese heritage, but we are happy to accommodate those who do.
11. To give another example, last year saw the completion of a new 600 metre flyover here in Kuala Lumpur, which features a design of children of different races chasing a butterfly as a symbol of our racial integration – reminding people of the 1Malaysia concept every time that they pass by.
12. Every day, in all sorts of ways, the built environment contributes to people's experiences as they walk down the street, run to catch a train or sit and stand together in public spaces. And of course architecture also contributes to the economic success and competitiveness of nations. Countries in Asia have begun to recognise this fact and here in Malaysia we have placed great emphasis on becoming a creative hub and a global design centre.
13. It is this combination of impacting on people's day to day lives and contributing to the wider success of our society that makes this festival so important for Malaysia. And there are certainly exhibitions here to suit all tastes – from "House@sea", which focuses on the interplay between built structures and the forces of nature, to "Review:KL", which captures in photographs the magnificent urban perspectives that we see every day.
14. "Architects Malaysia" features a timeline of the evolution of Malaysian architecture from the early colonial influences of the British, Dutch and Portuguese to the Chinese, Indian and Malay architecture that we see in all states in Malaysia.
15. And as well as documenting the history of Malaysia, the exhibition also displays the work of recent winners of the PAM Awards. These designs stretch from the turn of the millennium, when winners included the Putrajaya Bus and Taxi Terminal – used by tens of thousands of people every year – to just last year, when the winners included the Tidal Bore Observatory in Sri Man.
16. This is just a taste of the exciting work being done by the many talented Malaysian architects who will play an important role as we continue down our path towards developed nation status – not just through designing new and better places to work and to do business but through using their skills and knowledge to shape people's day to day lives.
17. One example of this – and it is an important aspect of development in our country – is affordable and environmentally-friendly homes. We have already shown our commitment to make Malaysia green, and in spirit of 1Malaysia we have now developed, together with the private sector, professionals and NGOs, an internationally accepted standard for green buildings.
18. In our current socio economic landscape housing remains a critical issue for all Malaysians – and to address this, I will be launching very soon a new affordable home scheme that will provide home buyers with 100% loans at a price that is affordable to low middle and middle income earners.
19. I believe architecture has an important role to play not just in landmark projects like the Petronas Towers but in smaller, more modest buildings like schools, community centres and religious spaces – because good design should not be the preserve of the rich, it should be open to the rakyat.
20. I have come across schools in Malaysia so innovatively designed that the classroom doors fold out to become an assembly hall. At home, good design can help with maximising living space and choosing the most economical building materials – not forgetting strategically placed windows and rooftops to manage heat and sunlight. I have even seen mosques with air conditioning pipes rising from the floor rather than the ceiling in order to improve energy efficiency.
21. I want all low and middle income families in Malaysia to be able to have an affordable home that is comfortable, sustainable and, where possible, equipped with renewable alternative energy that will lower their energy bills and improve their living standards. And this is where as PAM mentioned just moments ago, PAM can play an important role in Malaysia's nation building – because achieving this vision will require the contribution of some of our country's most talented and creative minds.
22. As we look to develop our creative industries and modernise our economy it is vital that we continue to nurture this vibrant talent pool. Through open competitions for projects of national and public interest, the government is looking to provide more opportunities for and to recognise the work of Malaysian architects – and we hope this will encourage the private sector to do likewise.
23. PAM has been leading the way in this regard and I am delighted that, alongside the Ministry of Federal Territory and Urban Wellbeing, they are organising a competition for a new countdown clock. This idea is a noble one, and I hope that PAM will ensure that the participants will have a free hand in submitting appropriate and cost effective designs. I am excited about seeing the results and time permitting, I look forward to be involved in celebrating this competition.
24. I am also pleased to launch this evening a new publication, "30 under 40", which features 30 emerging Malaysian architects below 40 years of age. Certainly, significant developments are already underway that show Malaysia to be a place of bold and brave design. The youth are the people who will shape our physical landscape as our economic environment continues to grow. To further enhance architecture development, PAM has provided input for the Malaysian Architectural Policy which the Government is considering.
25. Architecture is the reflection of Malaysia's transformation into a modern, sustainable, and inclusive society. These developments will be unifying symbols of Malaysia and that will benefit the people of Malaysia. On that note, let me once again extend my congratulations to PAM for organising such a successful event. I have high hopes that it will go on to become one of the world's leading architecture festivals – and when it does, all of you here today will have the honour of having been here when it started!
Wabillahitaufik Walhidayah Wassalamualaikum Warahmatuallhi Wabarakatuh.
Majlis Pelancaran Program Perumahan 1Malaysia (PR1MA)
Majlis Pecah Tanah Projek River of Life
Subscribe to www.NajibRazak.com to receive the latest updates and info.
I agree to subscribe to www.1Malaysia.com.my
More than just a national anthem, Negaraku is also about the homeland that you and I all love and share.
Kategori : Speeches
© 2018 NajibRazak.com. All Rights Reserved


A collection of detailed information to assist the User in the understanding of the features, terms, and analyses generated by the KIC System, along with links to sources for statistical information and resources to support community health assessment and health improvement planning.
Detailed information regarding different aspects of the query system. For direct access to specific topics use the following topic links.
A compilation of sources for statistical information and resources to support community health assessment.
Reports from the Public Health Informatics Group of the Bureau of Epidemiology and Public Health Informatics.
Reports from other KDHE bureaus and programs.
Compilation of other data sources for Kansas Public Health Information.
Collection of maps indicating different regional county groupings used for comparison of like areas.
Collection of links to assist user in the viewing of provided data and information.


There's this great restaurant in Beirut called Em Sherif, owned by Mireille Hayek. Her brilliant truffles and ice creams inspired these sundaes.
1. Start by making the sauce. Whisk the cream, milk, cocoa and honey together in a saucepan, then stir in the tahini and bring to the boil, whisking gently all the time. Simmer for a few minutes, then remove from the heat and stir in the chocolate and rosewater until smooth. If it's too thick, thin with a little water to a pouring consistency; cool and chill.
2. Soak the pistachios in boiling water for about 3 minutes, then drain and peel off the skins to make the green colour stronger. (Skip this if you're short of time.) Roughly chop and set aside.
3. Reheat the sauce until just warm and thin enough to pour luxuriously. Layer 2-3 scoops of gelato in glasses and finish each with the warm sauce and a scattering of pistachios.


text:
Remembering and Coexisting in the Eastern Mediterranean
Supporting Young Academics and Civil Society in Turkey and Beyond
Rememberings: Human Rights, Historical Trauma and the Future of Pluralism in Turkey and the Eastern Mediterranean
The project aims to support scholars and master students in Turkey in the fields of history, human rights, minority issues and cultural heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean. It consists of a series of activities that aim to strengthen scholars' international networks and to create exchange and collaborations with civil society actors active in the same fields.
During the two-year project a series of academic workshops, a podcast series, study trips and two summer schools will be carried out.
The Swedish Institute (SI) launched a call for applications for projects that aim to support "change-oriented" academics in Turkey. Our project is positioned in the context of the tightening space for free academic thought, research, and teaching overall, and in particular in the shrinking spaces for free discourse on issues of historical justice, minority rights, and pluralism in the region.
The project also builds on the summer school Human Rights – A recurrent history that was held five times since 2013 at the SRII. Here, students were introduced to Ottoman and early Republican history as well as to the New history of Human Rights and engaged in debates about historical justice, cultural heritage and pluralist democracy. They also encountered and developed project ideas for organizations that actively work in this nexus. The aim of Rememberings is to further build on, expand and develop this endeavor by broadening the geographic scope and deepening the collaboration with Turkish academia and civil society.
For more information on past summer schools, please visit: https://www.srii.org/Documents/Docs/16b3db1cebe141c5bbbbf39266af7f8a.pdf
© 2021	Remembering and Coexisting in the Eastern Mediterranean


SEATTLE, WA -- An 80-year-old woman on a bus near Seattle was kicked and choked by another passenger and the attack was all caught on camera.
Police say the woman had just boarded the bus when the man suddenly lunged at her. The bus driver pulls over and tries to pull the attacker off of the woman, but the man then attacks the driver.
During all this, local station KCPQ says passengers run out and call 911.
Watch in the video above what the driver does to escape: he switched the bus off and trapped the man inside.
He was arrested and charged with felony assault.
Police say the man knew the first victim, but it's unknown why he attacked her.


text:
One French Scientist Found 5 Research-Backed Ways to Get a Woman's Number
Over his career, French behavioral scientist Nicolas Gueguen says he's carried out hundreds of little experiments in "courtship behavior" — as in, what a guy or gal has to do to catch the eye of a potential paramour. Gueguen told Science of Us via email that he was never able to use any of this very important scientific research to his own benefit, however, as he was already married when he began studying this area of human behavior. C'est la vie!
5 Science-Backed Ways to Get a Woman's Number


XOLO release latest Android kitkat update for the well know Xolo Q700 smartphones.These update will be rolled through OTA update.This kitkat update released for the below XOLO models.But XOLO has not revealed any details to the media.All XOLO devices listed below which is going to receive update.
I'm John J Clement author of GadgetCongress and a gadget enthusiast. GadgetCongress is a all about giving trendy gadgets news which is passionately followed by many Gadget freaks.
there is no update available shown in xolo q700.
Is there any kitkat update coming soon for xolo q1000?
I updated my xolo q700 with kitkat version provided in Xolo's official website.
But It didn't updated android version is still appearing android 4.1.2.
Where is the update of Xolo Q700????
kindly provide link if any.. coz it is not on Xolo's website..


text:
<?php defined('DS') OR die('No direct access allowed.');

define('DS', TRUE);

$users = array(
 "admin" => "secu"
);

if(isset($_GET['logout'])) {
    $_SESSION['username'] = '';
    header('Location:  ' . $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
}

if(isset($_POST['username'])) {
    if($users[$_POST['username']] !== NULL && $users[$_POST['username']] == $_POST['password']) {
  $_SESSION['username'] = $_POST['username'];
  header("Location: enterprise.php");
  die();
    }else {

  echo "
error logging in
";
    }
}

?>

<!DOCTYPE html>

Admin Login Page

<?php echo '
<form method="post" action="'.SELF.'">

  Username
  <input type="text" placeholder="Enter Username" id="username" name="username" value="" />
  Password
  <input type="password" placeholder = "Enter Password" id="password" name="password" value="" />
  <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Login" class="button"/>

</form>';
exit;
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


29/12/2018 · Remove the metal drip rail if necessary for plastic seal access. The rail is attached to the door with small screws. For channel-style seals, pull the old plastic strip out of the rail channel.... You need to know what kayak you are planning to put this backrest on and how it attaches. Almost all backrests utilize a pair of brass clips or snaps for the two forward attachments, one right, one left.
11/01/2012 · There is only so much sail you can put up on a kayak without making it a catamaran or trimaran. This FEKs sail seems to have the right size to make it manageable. I want sail assist with my kayak but I want paddle assist with my sailboat.... There are 5 True or False listening comprehension tasks for this amateur video footage showing a seal hitching a ride on a kayak. After reading a National Geographic story about this encounter, students are led to consider how people should react when meeting wild animals in nature.
Immersion Research is designer and manufacturer of paddling gear including dry suits, dry tops, paddle jackets, paddle pants, spray skirts, paddling specific layering, shorts, and accessories.
9/06/2011 · How to correctly wear and adjust a Seals neoprene kayak sprayskirt.
My tower is 11" tall, but I paddle C-1 and sit about 6" higher than in a kayak. It also depends on how high you want the skirt to go on your torso. Make legs for the mandrel, or support it on something, so that it will duplicate your body position as it sits in the boat.


Peter Alsen (2018). Book Review: David McCallum, Criminalizing Children: Welfare and the State in Australia. Journal of Sociology.
Mallman, Mark 2018. Book review: Gender Capital at Work: Intersections of Femininity, Masculinity, Class and Occupation, Thesis Eleven vol. 146(1), pp. 148-150. The book author is fellow member, & one of the current JoS EiCs, Kate Huppatz.
Nafiseh Ghafournia (2018). Islam and Social Work: Culturally Sensitive Practice in a Diverse World. Australian Social Work.
Parsons, Julie M. Book Review: Kim McLeod. Wellbeing Machine: How Health Emerges from the Assemblages of Everyday Life. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. 2017. 234 pp $39 (pbk) ISBN 978-1-61163-705-2. Sociology of Health and Illness (pages 1108–1109).


For the volleyballer and four-square lover in all of us - this league is for you!
Do you particularly like spiking a volleyball? Do you sometimes have trouble hitting it over the net? Or maybe you have the reflex and energy of a four-square king? Join us as we test a new type of coordination in our new spikeball league! Hitting a small volleyball at a circular net and hoping it takes the right bounce either into our defense or away from the opponent... either way we'll be out on the Hockeytown Patio and having a great time - come join!
Check out this Spikeball league 'Wednesday Co-ed Spikeball' with www.comeplaydetroit.com!


MEMPHIS, TN — International Paper announced it has reached a definitive merger agreement with Temple-Inland Inc. and will acquire all of the composite panel and packaging manufacturer's outstanding common stock for $32.00 per share in cash, plus the assumption of $600 million in Temple-Inland's year-end debt. The total transaction value is approximately $4.3 billion.
The transaction is expected to be finalized in the first quarter of 2012.
In a statement, IP Chairman and CEO John Faraci said, "The strategic benefits of this combination are clear and we are pleased to be able to move forward on terms that are financially attractive for both sets of shareholders. Acquiring Temple-Inland enhances our ability to generate additional cash flow while maintaining our strong balance sheet. We look forward to working with the employees of Temple-Inland as we integrate our businesses and create an even stronger company with substantial benefits for our customers, employees and shareholders."
The combination is expected to yield synergies of approximately $300 million annually within 24 months of closing, derived primarily from the areas of operations, freight, logistics, selling expense and overhead.


text:
Politicians and Police set Tyranny's Perfect Example: Gun Confiscation
by Jeremiah Johnson, SHTF Plan:
As a review of some of the current events that have been taking place in the U.S. recently, on 11/5/18, Anne Arundel County Police in Maryland shot and killed a man as they attempted to exercise a "red flag" gun removal order. Those "red flag" orders went into effect on October 1 of this year. Let's take the definition of this new "game" directly from Wikipedia and examine it:
A red flag law is a "gun violence protection" law that permits police or family members to petition a state court to order the temporary removal of firearms from a person who may present a danger to others or themselves. A judge makes the determination to issue the order based on statements and actions made by the gun owner in question. After a set time, the guns are returned to the person from whom they were seized unless another court hearing extends the period of confiscation. Such orders are known as "Extreme Risk Protection Orders" (ERPO) in Oregon, Washington, Maryland, and Vermont, as "Risk Protection Orders" in Florida as "Gun Violence Restraining Orders" in California; as "risk warrants" in Connecticut; and as "Proceedings for the Seizure and Retention of a Firearm" in Indiana.
Returning to the incident in Maryland, take a look at this excerpt from CBS News from 11/6/18:
Neither of the officers were injured. Their names weren't released.
It wasn't clear why the "red flag" order was issued. A spokeswoman for the Maryland Judiciary denied a request from the Baltimore Sun to release protection order requests associated with the home, citing the law which states the orders are confidential unless a court rules otherwise. Michele Willis, the man's niece, told the Baltimore Sun that one of her aunts requested the protective order against Willis, but she declined to say why.
Maryland's law, which went into effect Oct. 1, is more broad in that it allows certain health care providers to seek an order, in addition to family members and law enforcement.
LOOK HOW THINGS WORK IN THE TOTALITARIAN HEIR TO THE SOVIET UNION THAT THE UNITED STATES HAS BECOME!
Sounds as if it's something right out of Solzhenitsyn, but here it is:
The names of the cops were not released. [Secretive Policing]
The Baltimore Sun could not report on associated case actions. [Muzzling of the Press]
Maryland Judiciary using a law to prevent the public's knowledge without court approval. [Press & Public Censorship]
An aunt reported him…but no reasons given by family or police. ["Finger-Pointing" initiated]
Health Care reporters and family members can "blow the whistle and enable these "red flag" orders to be set in motion. [State Powers of Arrest and complete abrogation of rights under the Constitution of the United States with no recourse]
That's it. Everyone with the "300 Spartans" patch and the "μολὼν λαβέ" or "ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ" written on their sleeves? [ Translation: "Come and Take it!" ]
Yes, they will. They are. For now, they're attempting to do it without a fight…passing the legislation (or circumventing it, rather) and forcing the compliance of the citizenry. They are in the process of doing far more, and another episode really summarizes the key concept: the Totalitarian mindset of elected officials. This piece is entitled, "California Democrat threatens "Nukes" if Americans don't hand over their guns."
This threat is not figurative: it is literal.
I strongly recommend reading the whole article. Democratic Congressman Eric Swalwell (D, CA) is proposing that the government offer up to $1,000 for semi-automatic weapons, and a "buy-back" to place those firearms in the hands of the government…for an estimated cost of $15 billion.
Here's a photo of Eric Swalwell for you:
Just think: this is probably the pose he will strike when he's evacuated to Cheyenne Mountain, or Denver, CO to escape nuclear war when it comes…on your taxpayer dollar…fully supplied with provisions, protection, and with his family by his side. An elected official…one of your "representatives." Eric Swalwell: menacing a U.S. citizen with the threat of the U.S. government's nuclear weapons. And to "frost the cake," here is a direct quote from Wikipedia that you'll just love, emboldened to the max so you can keep him in mind. He's been in office since 2013. Remember Obama? Well, here's the fresh, clean-cut guy with Northern European heritage to attract the women voters and who can seem as "one of the people" to the gullible….here's the quote, with punch-line underlined:
Read More @ SHTFPlan.com
Previous articleSPACE WEATHER, ROTHSCHILD & AGENDA 21
Next articleStock Market DROPS 400 Points After Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Tech Shares FALL!
The FBI's Dark Secret: Did J. Edgar Hoover Order the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr?
The Recently Failed Kazakhstan Coup Attempt Points to a New World Order


Modern tapestry hearts designed by Cleopatra's Needle.
Modern tapestry hearts to stitch designed by Cleopatra's Needle. Most designs Include a sachet of scented lavender and backing fabric. (The four Christmas hearts do not include Lavender).
*£16 each or buy 2 for £27*.
All Lavender Hearts include printed tapestry canvas, wools, needle, backing fabric, hanging ribbon, dried scented lavender (apart from the Xmas designs), black and white chart, detailed stitching and making up instructions. An ideal weekend stitching project.