text:
/*global describe, beforeEach, it*/
'use strict';

var path    = require('path');
var helpers = require('yeoman-generator').test;
var assert  = require('yeoman-generator').assert;
var _s      = require('underscore.string');

describe('meteor generator', function () {

  beforeEach(function (done) {

    var mockPrompts = {
      ironRouter: true,
      bootstrap: true
    };
    this.meteor = helpers
    .run(path.join(__dirname, '../app'))
    .inDir(path.join(__dirname, './temp'))
    .withPrompts(mockPrompts);
    done();
  });

  describe('it should create files', function() {
    it('in specific directory', function(done) {
      var expected = [
        'client/client.js',
        'client/lib/subscriptions.js',
        'client/views/home.js',
        'client/views/home.html',
        'client/views/common/loading.html',
        'lib/collections.js',
        'public/robots.txt',
        'server/publications.js',
        'server/server.js',
        'server/security.js',
        '.meteor/.gitignore',
        '.meteor/release',
        '.gitignore',
        '.jshintrc',
        '.travis.yml',
        '.editorconfig',
        'LICENSE',
        'README.md',
        '.meteor/packages',
        'client/views/layout.html',
        'client/routes.js',
        'client/styles/theme.css'
      ];
      this.meteor.on('end', function() {
        assert.file(expected);
        done();
      });
    });
  });

  describe('sub-generators', function() {
    it('should create collections', function(done) {
      this.meteor.on('end', function() {
        helpers
        .run(path.join(__dirname, '../collection'))
        .inDir(path.join(__dirname, './temp'))
        .withGenerators(['underscore.string'])
        .withArguments(['dogs'])
        .on('end', function() {
          assert.fileContent('lib/dogs.js', /Dogs = new Meteor.Collection\(\'dogs\'\)/);
          done();
        });
      });
    });

    it('should create views', function(done) {
      this.meteor.on('end', function() {
        helpers
        .run(path.join(__dirname, '../view'))
        .inDir(path.join(__dirname, './temp'))
        .withGenerators(['underscore.string'])
        .withArguments(['dogs'])
        .on('end', function() {
          assert.fileContent('client/views/dogs.html', /\<template name=\"dogsView\"\>/);
          done();
        });
      });
    });
  });

});


text:
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Current language: ja
EEAS > インドネシア > ASEAN and the EU
ASEAN and the EU
Relations with International Organisations and Fora
The EU and ASEAN have a dynamic partnership in a number of areas, from political dialogue, cooperation in non-traditional security areas, trade and investment relations, connectivity, to cooperation in community building among ASEAN Member States.
Political dialogue and security cooperation
Economic and trade relations
Supporting ASEAN's community building
Working closely for 40 years
The dialogue between the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) spans more than 40 years. The European Economic Community (EEC) was the first entity to establish informal ties with ASEAN in 1972.
The 10th ASEAN Foreign Ministers Meeting in 1977 formalised relations, which were institutionalised with the signing of the ASEAN-EEC Cooperation Agreement in March 1980.
ASEAN-EU relations are guided by the Nuremberg Declaration on an EU-ASEAN Enhanced Partnership, adopted in March 2007. The Declaration sets out the long-term vision and commitment of both sides to work together.
With the adoption of the ASEAN Charter in 2008, the EU initiated formal diplomatic relations with ASEAN in March 2009, followed by the EU countries.
In 2012, the EU became the first regional organisation to accede to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) — an important milestone, boosting the EU's political and security engagement with the region.
On 8 August 2015 (ASEAN Day), the EU established a diplomatic Mission to ASEAN and appointed a dedicated Ambassador. In addition, there are currently 25 Ambassadors from EU countries accredited to ASEAN.
In May 2015, the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European Commission adopted the Joint Communication: The EU and ASEAN: a partnership with a strategic purpose, putting forward specific ideas for taking relations to the next level.
The proposals contained in the Joint Communication were later endorsed by EU countries in the Conclusions of the EU Foreign Affairs Council in June 2015. This states clearly the EU's commitment to continue supporting the establishment of the ASEAN Community while strengthening EU-ASEAN cooperation on issues of common concern, global challenges and the most advanced regional integration projects in the world.
The first ASEAN-EU Policy Dialogue on Human Rights was held in October 2015, addressing issues such as women's rights, child protection and the safety of migrant workers.
In April 2016, the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice President of the European Commission (HRVP) paid an official visit to the ASEAN Secretariat in Jakarta. She met with the Secretary-General and the Committee of the Permanent Representatives to ASEAN (CPRs).
The European Council President, Herman Van Rompuy, met with the CPRs in November 2014 at the ASEAN Secretariat.
Security and defence cooperation
The EU is a founding and active member of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which aims to foster constructive dialogue and consultation through confidence building and preventive diplomacy in the Asia-Pacific region with a view to ensuring peace, prosperity and stability in the region and beyond.
The EU and ASEAN have also been working in many non-traditional security areas, such as maritime security, conflict prevention, mediation and reconciliation, crisis management, transnational crime, counter-terrorism, cyber security and non-proliferation.
Many important steps have been taken to enhance EU-ASEAN cooperation in the area of security and defence policy, for example:
A High Level Dialogue (HLD) on Maritime Cooperation was initiated and held in 2013 and in 2015, as a platform for exchanging views, best practices and lessons learnt in this complex and challenging area. While complementing the work of other ASEAN-led processes (ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus and ASEAN Expanded Maritime Forum), the ASEAN Member States see merits and added value in engaging with the EU and its countries in this area and asked for this dialogue to be held at regular intervals. New editions of the HLD are confirmed for 2016 and 2017 to be hosted by ASEAN Member States.
A second ASEAN Border Management and Migration Programme began work in 2015, supporting ASEAN community building processes while providing support and capacity building to address trans-national crime challenges.
A regional chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear defence (CBRN) project has managed to engage all ASEAN Member States in regional activities, and established a Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Manila.
In 2014 and 2015, the EU hosted two Orientation Courses on the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), with a special focus on EU-ASEAN relations. Considering the success of the first two editions, the EU will organise more such courses in the near future.
The EU was instrumental and assumed leadership with ASEAN Member States' support in moving forward the ARF agenda from Confidence Building Measures (CBM) to Preventive Diplomacy (PD) and Mediation. This was achieved by organising — with Brunei (in 2014) and Indonesia (in 2015) — two events and training sessions on PD and mediation. The last one marked an important moment by bringing, for the first time, the ASEAN Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR) under the ARF umbrella.
In April 2016, the EU participated, for the first time, in the multinational naval exercise hosted by Indonesia. Komodo 2016 offered the chance to share best practices and learn lessons from the EU experience in engaging in naval military and peacekeeping operations.
While participating in many ongoing security and defence cooperation activities, the EU is also looking for ways to increase its engagement with all ASEAN-led mechanisms and processes in this field. These and many other developments are invaluable stepping stones towards upgrading the partnership between the EU and ASEAN.
The EU is actively engaged with ASEAN in expanding trade and investment relations, which have intensified considerably during the last decade.
The EU has become ASEAN's second largest trade partner (after China). Meanwhile ASEAN, as a whole, is the EU's third largest trade partner outside Europe (after the US and China) with bilateral trade in goods and services reaching €246.6 billion in 2014.
The EU is the biggest investor in ASEAN economies:
Total Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow of €131.6 billion from the EU accounts for 22 % of the total investments made in the region — nearly a quarter of the total FDI stock.
EU companies have been investing an average of €12 billion annually in the region since 2004.
The EU and its countries invest seven times more than the US, and two times more than China. In fact, in 2014, EU investments in the ASEAN region amounted to as much as US and Japan FDI combined.
ASEAN is a growing market:
If ASEAN were a single economy, it would already be the seventh largest in the world.
With an impressive annual average GDP growth rate of 5.5 %, and a market that represents a population of more than 625 million people, ASEAN is set to become the fourth largest economy in the world.
ASEAN's export potential is growing:
During the past decade, EU imports from ASEAN grew by more than 40 % and EU exports to ASEAN rose by more than 80 %.
The EU's major exports to ASEAN are machinery and transport equipment, chemical products, and base metals.
Principal ASEAN exports to the EU include textiles and garments, chemicals, electronic equipment and appliances, and consumer goods.
In order to establish ties that would benefit the 1.1 billion people of both regions combined, economic cooperation is furthered through:
The EU-ASEAN Dialogue at Ministerial level, which includes discussions on trade- and investment-related issues.
Joint seminars on topics such as regional economic integration, liberalisation of services and technical barriers to trade.
The EU-ASEAN Business Summit, which takes place on a regular basis and brings together business leaders and policymakers.
Negotiations for an ambitious region-to-region Free Trade Agreement (FTA) were launched in 2007, but paused in 2009 due to limited progress. While a region-to-region agreement still remains the ultimate objective, the EU will, in the meantime, pursue FTAs with individual ASEAN countries:
FTAs were concluded with Singapore in 2013, and Vietnam in 2015.
Negotiations were launched with Malaysia in 2010, and Thailand in 2013, but are currently on hold.
Negotiations for an investment protection agreement with Myanmar have been ongoing since 2014.
The launch of negotiations with the Philippines was announced in 2015.
The conclusion of the preparatory discussions for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with Indonesia was announced in April 2016. This will pave the way for the formal launch of the CEPA negotiations.
Cambodia and Laos fall under the EU's Everything But Arms (EBA) scheme and all their exports are thereby granted duty-free and quota-free access to the European market, with the exception of arms and armaments.
The European Commission is also about to obtain a mandate from EU countries to negotiate an ambitious agreement on air transport with ASEAN.
The EU is a major development partner for ASEAN, actively supporting the ASEAN Member States and institutions in their efforts to deepen regional integration. The EU has been providing technical assistance, capacity building, lessons learnt and best practices in creating an internal market. This has also implied lending EU support to ASEAN institutions that are instrumental in supporting ASEAN's regional integration objectives, such as: ASEAN stats, the ASEAN Secretariat Monitoring Office, the ASEAN Centre for Energy, the ASEAN Biodiversity Centre, and a Centre of Excellence (CoE) on CBRN.
To strengthen the ASEAN-EU partnership, the Bandar Seri Begawan Plan of Action was adopted in 2012. The Plan of Action — covering 2013-2017 — goes beyond the traditional economic focus. It also promotes strategic regional cooperation in order to maintain peace, security and stability and political dialogue in non-traditional security areas.
The 20th EU-ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in Brussels in July 2014 explored ways to elevate relations to the level of a strategic partnership, marking the start of a renewed engagement between the two partners.
EU Development Cooperation with ASEAN
For 2014-2020, the EU has significantly increased its development cooperation funds. More than €170 million has been earmarked to fund the ongoing and post-2015 ASEAN regional integration agenda — more than doubling the amount for 2007-2013. In addition, the EU has pledged over €3 billion to reduce poverty and address development gaps in low-income ASEAN countries.
Ongoing cooperation programmes cover a multitude of activities:
The EU supports capacity building for regional economic integration in areas such as trade and transport, harmonisation of standards (ARISE), air transport (AATIP), monitoring and statistics (COMPASS), and the protection of intellectual property rights (ECAP III).
For socio-cultural connectivity, the EU promotes regional integration in the field of higher education (SHARE), and contributes to strengthening the capacity of ASEAN's emergency management systems. This includes providing support to the ASEAN Coordination Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre) so it can achieve operational excellence in disaster monitoring and emergency response.
The EU also supports the ASEAN bodies in developing their human rights policies (READI Human Rights Facility).The cooperation agenda for 2014-2020 was agreed at the 21st EU-ASEAN JCC Meeting and focuses on three sectors:
1. Connectivity: sustainable and inclusive economic integration (€85 million/50 % of the funding)
A key goal is to improve connectivity between the ASEAN Member States through sustainable, inclusive economic integration and trade. Special attention is paid to countries that most recently joined ASEAN — Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam.
The cooperation agenda foresees enhanced dialogue and interactions on trade-related regulatory and policy frameworks, intellectual property, standards, customs and transport, civil aviation — and more (ARISE Plus).
In 2015, a programme to support farmers' organisations (AFOSP) began work. In addition, a study facility to support the green economy and urban development in ASEAN will soon follow (the Asia Investment Facility).
2. Climate change, environment and disaster management (€60 million/37.5 %)
In the area of climate change, priority has been given to the sustainable use of peatlands and reducing problems caused by haze; environmentally sustainable, low carbon and climate resilient cities; and environmental education.
EU support to strengthen disaster management capacities in ASEAN will also continue.
An added focus on Biodiversity Conservation and Management of Protected Areas is expected to follow.
3. Comprehensive Dialogue Facility (€25 million/12.5 %): Improving the Comprehensive Policy Dialogue Facility — E-READI — will help ASEAN increase regional integration and reduce poverty.
E-READI offers technical assistance and dialogue with the EU in multiple sectors:
Human rights, maritime cooperation, peace and reconciliation, election observation, migration and mobility in the Security and Political pillar;
Science and technology, ICT, energy, trade, agriculture and natural resources, forestry in the Economic pillar;
Climate change, environment, disaster management, education and youth, development goals, health and communicable diseases, food safety, culture and media, and tourism in the Socio-Cultural pillar.
編集セクション:
東南アジア諸国連合(ASEAN)
ボレルEU上級代表、議長国の招待で拡大ASEAN国防相会議に参加
New Guidelines Launched to Protect Women Migrant Workers' Rights from Violence during COVID-19
EU and ASEAN elevate relations to a Strategic Partnership
EU、ASEAN諸国の医療保健制度支援のために2,000万ユーロの拠出を発表
EU、ジェンダーに関する行動計画で国際的復興の中心に女性・女児の権利を据える
Gender Action Plan III – putting women and girls' rights at the heart of the global recovery for a gender-equal world Women and girls are among those severely hit by the impact of the ongoing pandemic. The health and socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis are disproportionately affecting women and girls. For example, in the global scale, because a higher proportion of women work informally and in
GENder-responsive teaching and learning in the early years (GENTLE)3-5-year-old girls and boys in central Vietnam experience gender-responsive play-based learning in preschool and at home, contributing to the development of positive identities, relationships and self-esteem, which enable them to have healthy and joyful lives free from gender-based violence.
Improved economic access and use WASH products in the target villages under SCALING ProjectThrough this project, EU funding enabled SCALING to build capacity of Nam Saat (water supply) as the department responsible for the supply of clean water in villages under the Ministry of Health, in two areas: improvement of sustainable water supply systems in selected villages and the marketing of
MoEYS Cambodia and European Union in Cambodia to assess the safe re-opening of schools in Siem Reap,
delegation-indonesia@eeas.europa.eu
クイックネットワークアクセス
欧州連合(EU)
欧州対外行動庁
A-Z索引
透明性とデータ保護

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: CTE Query: How to make them in order I have a table which stores company information and their parent company in a regular hierarchical manner, with companyid, parentid and name.
I just learn CTE query in Sql Server and write this query
WITH tableR (ParentCompanyID, CompanyID, Levels)
AS
(
-- Anchor member definition
    SELECT e.ParentCompanyID, e.CompanyID, 0 As Levels
    FROM tblCompany AS e
    WHERE ParentCompanyID in (9)
    UNION ALL
-- Recursive member definition
    SELECT e.ParentCompanyID, e.CompanyID, Levels  + 1
    FROM tblCompany AS e
    INNER JOIN tableR AS d
        ON e.ParentCompanyID = d.CompanyID
)
-- Statement that executes the CTE
SELECT tabler.Levels, tableR.CompanyID, (left('--------------', (tabler.Levels* 2)) + c.CompanyName) as CName,c.ParentCompanyID
FROM tableR  Left join tblcompany c on tableR.CompanyId=c.CompanyID

This works fine, except that it first list the Child of ID=9, then it list 1st level child and then level 2 .. and so on, but what I need is to have Child data come just under their parent, so
L0
  L1
    L2
  L1-1
    L2-1
 ....

Is it possible to do? Because if not then I have to do it recursively in C# code I am using.
I try this as well
WITH tableR (ParentCompanyID, CompanyID, Levels, RowNumber)
AS
(
-- Anchor member definition
    SELECT e.ParentCompanyID, e.CompanyID, 1 As Levels, CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as Varchar(MAx)) as RowNumber
    FROM tblCompany AS e
    WHERE ParentCompanyID in (9)
    UNION ALL
-- Recursive member definition
    SELECT e.ParentCompanyID, e.CompanyID, Levels  + 1, CAST(Concat(d.RowNumber, CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as VARCHAR(MAX)) ) as VARCHAR(MAX)) as RowNumber
    FROM tblCompany AS e
    INNER JOIN tableR AS d
        ON e.ParentCompanyID = d.CompanyID
)
-- Statement that executes the CTE
SELECT tabler.Levels, RowNumber, tableR.CompanyID, (left('--------------', ((tabler.Levels - 1)* 2 )) + c.CompanyName) as CName,c.ParentCompanyID
FROM tableR  Left join tblcompany c on tableR.CompanyId=c.CompanyID order by RowNumber

But it fails with if any Level has more than 9 records.

A: Try this solution:
DECLARE @Company TABLE
(
    CompanyID INT PRIMARY KEY,
    Name NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    ParentCompanyID INT NULL
);
INSERT @Company (CompanyID,Name,ParentCompanyID)
VALUES
(8,N'Tomaten',NULL),
(9,N'NON ĂNŞI chars',NULL),
(10,N'Bananen',NULL),
(11,N'Child #1',9),
(12,N'Child #2',9),
(13,N'Child #1.1',11),
(14,N'Child #1.2',11);

DECLARE @ParentCompanyID INT = 9;
WITH RecComp
AS
(
    SELECT  crt.CompanyID,
            crt.Name,
            crt.ParentCompanyID,
            1 AS Lvl,
            N'/' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000),crt.CompanyID) + N'/' AS CompanyNode_AsChar
    FROM    @Company crt
    WHERE   crt.ParentCompanyID = @ParentCompanyID
    UNION ALL
    SELECT  cld.CompanyID,
            cld.Name,
            cld.ParentCompanyID,
            prt.Lvl + 1,
            prt.CompanyNode_AsChar + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000), cld.CompanyID) + N'/'
    FROM    RecComp prt -- parent
    INNER JOIN @Company cld ON prt.CompanyID = cld.ParentCompanyID
)
SELECT  *,
        CONVERT(HIERARCHYID, CompanyNode_AsChar) AS CompanyNode
FROM    RecComp
ORDER BY CompanyNode;

Results:
CompanyID Name       ParentCompanyID Lvl CompanyNode_AsChar CompanyNode
--------- ---------- --------------- --- --------------------- -----------
11        Child #1   9               1   /11/                  0xAE
13        Child #1.1 11              2   /11/13/               0xAF6C
14        Child #1.2 11              2   /11/14/               0xAF74
12        Child #2   9               1   /12/                  0xB2

Note: SQL Azure Supports Hierarchyid Data Type

A: Well, the thing ios, you have no ORDER BY clause.
Why not at least try
-- Statement that executes the CTE
SELECT tabler.Levels, tableR.CompanyID, (left('--------------', (tabler.Levels* 2)) + c.CompanyName) as CName,c.ParentCompanyID
FROM tableR  Left join tblcompany c on tableR.CompanyId=c.CompanyID
ORDER BY tableR.Levels

That said, the display/UI sectioin should probably be taken car of by the UI output, and not by your query.
This almost seems like you wish to diusplay it in a TreeView rather.

A: Okay, finally I found a solution to issue. In order to get critics and if I am right to help other here it is
WITH tableR (ParentCompanyID, CompanyID, Levels, RowNumber, RowNumber2)
AS
(
-- Anchor member definition
    SELECT e.ParentCompanyID, e.CompanyID, 1 As Levels, CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as Varchar(MAx)) as RowNumber,
    CAST(
     (Left('000', 3-Len(CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as Varchar(MAx)))) + CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as Varchar(MAx)))
     As VARCHAR(MAX)
     ) AS RowNumber2
    FROM tblCompany AS e
    WHERE ParentCompanyID in (370)
    UNION ALL
-- Recursive member definition
    SELECT e.ParentCompanyID, e.CompanyID, Levels  + 1, CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as Varchar(MAx)) as RowNumber1,
    CAST(
        Concat(d.RowNumber2,
         Left('000', 3-Len(CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as Varchar(MAx)))),
          CAST((Row_Number() Over (Order by e.CompanyName) ) as Varchar(MAx))
        ) as VARCHAR(MAX)) as RowNumber2

    FROM tblCompany AS e
    INNER JOIN tableR AS d
        ON e.ParentCompanyID = d.CompanyID

)
-- Statement that executes the CTE
SELECT tabler.Levels, RowNumber, RowNumber2,  tableR.CompanyID, (left('--------------', ((tabler.Levels - 1)* 2 )) + c.CompanyName) as CName,c.ParentCompanyID
FROM tableR  Left join tblcompany c on tableR.CompanyId=c.CompanyID order by RowNumber2, CName

Now, here is the explanation:

*

*I add a ROW_NUMBER Function of SQL Server this simply add the counter to each row of query, so it add seperate counter to Anchor query and Recursive query.

*But as we have to arrange them, in order I append Parent/Anchor query value to Child, so Anchor query goes 1, 2, 3.. but child goes 11, 12 ... 21 ...

*Then I Cast them as String, because in String Order you will have 1, 2, 21, 3 rather than 1, 2, 3, 21 .. so that works fine for me.

Problem Known: it get bowled over when you hit Anchor query output > 10 rows, or infact any row more than 10 rows, as then anchor query give ID as 11, and child goes 111 and confuse the output.
Solution for above problem: I modify my query to use LEFT and append 000, so if I see that I can max of 100 child I put 3 zero if you see 4 then use 0000 and change 3 to 4 in query.
BUT: I strongly recommend answer above as that is the way to do it.

A: I would like to share this
if you want to order de data... alphabetic and Child data come just under their parent.. create a baseCTE, use row_number instead of CompanyID, call the Anchor query  from Base CTE
BASE CTE
ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY ParentCompanyID ORDER BY CompanyName) as [row_number]

Anchor query
N'/' + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000),[row_number]) + N'/' AS CompanyNode_AsChar

Recursive query
prt.CompanyNode_AsChar + CONVERT(NVARCHAR(4000), [row_number]) + N'/'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home»News»JanaeSound Shares New Single "Feared"
JanaeSound Shares New Single "Feared"
By Dom Vigil July 22, 2020
Following a successful Juneteenth event pre-recorded live at the empty State Theatre to raise money for local organizations that empower Portland's Black Community, powerhouse rock singer, JanaeSound has released her powerful new single, "Feared." The track, which premiered during the event, encourages listeners to acknowledge and release their fear so they may find joy and walk in their purpose. In the upbeat and uplifting pop/rock banger, JanaeSound gives an outstanding vocal performance, showcasing her dynamic vocal range.
JanaeSound's recent Juneteenth event beautifully executed from pitch to livestream in nine days during a pandemic. The technical marvel included a performance by JanaeSound accompanied by a live guitarist and social distant choir via video link . A partnership with Edovo made the concert available to incarcerated folks in 150 facilities nationwide. The livestream raised over $10,000 for Indigo Arts Alliance and Black Owned Maine, and was viewed more than 10k times, making huge waves as Portland, Maine has a population of >60k people. Check out the stream HERE.
JanaeSound is a powerhouse rock singer that hails from St. Louis where she began cultivating her love for music at the tender age of 9 through the Opera Theatre of St. Louis. Currently based in Portland, Maine, JanaeSound is known for producing BeyDay, the most diverse showcase in Maine, which is the nation's least diverse state. BeyDay featured 38 people of color, 33 women of color and 31 Black/African artists.


text:
Register Team
Adviser Guide
Virtual Showcase
Home / The Tech Challenge / Team Members
Watch our YouTube series to learn how to safely use tools that you'll need to build your device.
Tech Tools! Safety advice from The Tech
Remote Teamwork
Check out our video about working as a team while sheltering in place.
We recommend teams take advantage of Zoom, Facetime, whatsapp and other video conferencing methods to communicate with your teammates. And don't forget about good, old-fashioned texting, emailing, and phone calls.
We also recommend Adobe Scan, the Google Drive App, or the scan function in Apple Notes to scan photos and other documents for your engineering journal. Google docs, sheets, and slides are also great ways to collaborate with distant team members.
Be sure to read our digital video tips in order to be ready for the Virtual Showcase
Practice Judge Interview Questions
Tell me about:
your brainstorming.
the source of your ideas.
how you worked as a team.
how you tested your solution.
What idea did you choose as your solution? Why?
How does your design work?
What did you choose to document in your journal? Why?
How did each of you contribute?
How did you build your solution?
Tell me about your failures.
Templates and Template Samples
Design Sheet Template [PDF]
Adviser: A person at least 18 years old who monitors safety, acts as a mentor and may provide things like transportation and snacks. Your team should only have one adviser, and he or she shouldn't give you all the answers or do the project for you.
Brainstorming: Coming up with ideas — sometimes crazy ones — to solve a problem. It's possible to brainstorm on your own, but most find it works best as a team activity.
Cacophony: A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
Chain reaction: A series of events in which each induces or influences the next.
Constraints: A control or limit to a design. For example, a constraint might be that your device can't weigh more than 3 pounds.
Design: The creation of a plan for the construction of your device. Sometimes used to refer to the device itself.
Device: The gizmo you and your team are designing, engineering and building for The Tech Challenge.
Dimension: A measurement such as length, width or height. If you talk about the dimensions of an object or place, you are referring to its size and proportions.
Energy: The capacity to do work; appears in many forms, all of which are either kinetic or potential.
Energy transfer: The conversion of one form of energy into another, or the movement of energy from one place to another.
Engineer: A person who designs, constructs and tests devices, materials and systems while considering constraints caused by safety, practicality, rules and cost.
Engineering analysis: Looking at a problem using scientific analytic principles and processes so you can see the properties of what you are designing. To start, break down a problem into its basic parts to look at the relationships between its pieces and things other than your device.
Engineering Design Process: A series of steps engineers follow when creating devices, products or processes. Once you get started, the steps don't have to be followed in order. For example, if your device fails, your team can always go back to brainstorming to solve the problem.
Engineering journal: A record of all the brainstorming, research, prototyping and other work that goes into developing your team's device.
Failure: Sometimes you feel this when your device doesn't work, but a big part of engineering is finding failure points and fixing them. So running into a roadblock with your device is an opportunity to use your engineering brain to make your device even better.
Failure point: A break in a system that causes a device to work improperly or not work at all. One of the jobs of an engineer is to find failure points so they can fix them, and it's one of the reasons we test again and again.
Final design: The final plan for the construction of your device, agreed upon by the whole team. The team develops the final plan after brainstorming, prototyping and testing again and again. Sometimes this term is used instead of Final Device.
Final device: The device your team will bring to the showcase — the product of all your team's brainstorming, designing, prototyping, testing and re-testing.
Gear: A toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion.
Inclined plane: A simple machine for elevating objects.
Innovator: Someone who creates something new or makes changes to something that already exists in order to meet a specific need.
Iteration: The different versions of the device you are building as it changes due to the Engineering Design Process.
Kinetic energy: Energy of motion, includes heat, sound, and light (motion of molecules).
Lever: A simple machine consisting of a rigid bar pivoted on a fixed point and used to transmit force, as in raising or moving a weight at one end by pushing down on the other.
Living document: A document that is continually being updated. For example, your engineering journal.
Machine: An apparatus consisting of interrelated parts with separate functions, used in the performance of some kind of work: a sewing machine.
Mechanism: A system of parts working together in a machine; a piece of machinery.
Narration: The act of giving an account describing incidents or a course of events.
Nominal: Approximate; that is, there may be minor variances between the measurements stated in the rules and drawings and the actual test rig, for example.
Perseverance: Not giving up in the face of failure. Your team may experience setbacks, but you don't have to give up. Getting past those failures can be fun and rewarding.
Potential energy: Energy of position; energy that is stored and held in readiness; includes chemical energy (e.g. fossil fuels, electric batteries, and food consumed).
Physics: The study of matter, forces and their effects. Basically, the study of everything in the universe.
Prototype: A first full-scale and usually functional form of a new type or design of a construction.
Pulley: A simple machine consisting essentially of a wheel with a grooved rim in which a pulled rope or chain can run to change the direction of the pull, for example to lift a load.
Repeatability: The ability of your device to demonstrate the same results under the same conditions, i.e., to work every time you test it.
Safety: Your No. 1 priority! Safety involves using tools correctly, wearing your hardhat and goggles when working on and testing your device, and more. While your team should appoint a safety monitor, everyone on the team is responsible for safety!
Screw: A simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole.
Simple machines: Any of various basic mechanisms of which all machines are composed including the lever, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the screw.
Solution: The design your team builds for The Tech Challenge.
Sound waves: A wave that transmits sound.
Specifications: Detailed descriptions of design criteria for a piece of work.
Spirit of the Challenge: The Tech Challenge generally emphasizes the importance of developing engineering solutions that would be practical in real life, otherwise known as the Spirit of the Challenge. Engineering is not just about building structures, aircraft, or rovers. Creative, expressive, entertaining things are real world. Things that bring joy and delight have real-world value. For this challenge, engineering is used to design and build devices for entertainment. Store-bought solutions are not in the Spirit of the Challenge. We want to see your team's creativity. Teams are encouraged to design and build devices using their own ideas. Use of existing plans for reference and inspiration is allowed. All plans, and the source of those plans, must be documented in the engineering journal.
Stored Energy: Stored energy is captured energy produced at one time for use at a later time.
Trigger: A built-in release mechanism that starts your stored energy device.
Some examples are: pulling a string, pressing a button or flipping a latch.
Wedge: Something solid that is usable as an inclined plane (shaped like a V) that can be pushed between two things to separate them.
Wheel and Axle: A simple machine consisting of an axle to which a wheel is fastened so that torque applied to the wheel winds a rope or chain onto the axle, yielding a mechanical advantage equal to the ratio of the diameter of the wheel to that of the axle.
Sources: Collins Dictionary, Wikipedia, Physics4Kids.com; Ducksters; Kids ESB; Ron Kurtus' School for Champions; Britannica.com; BritannicaKids.com; KidsNet.AU, https://www.thetech.org/studentresources, Vocabulary. com, Merriam-Webster.com, and American Heritage dictionary.
These books are available either at your local library or inexpensively through Amazon.
Cook, Eric
"Prototyping (21st Century Skills Innovation Library: Makers as Innovators)"
Cherry Lake Publishing, 2015
Fontichiaro, Kristin
"Design Thinking (21st Century Skills Innovation Library: Makers as Innovators)"
Hunt, Sharon
"Engineered!: Engineering Design Work"
Kids Can Press, 2017
May, Vicki V.
"Engineering: Cool Women Who Design"
Nomad Press, 2016
"3-D Engineering: Design and Build Your Own Prototypes"
Mercer, Bobby
"Junk Drawer Engineering"
Chicago Review Press, 2017
VanCleave, Janice
"Janice VanCleave's Engineering for Every Kid: Easy Activities That Make Learning Science Fun"
Wiley, 2007
Branwyn, Gareth
"Make: Tips and Tales from the Workshop: A Handy Reference for Makers"
Maker Media Inc., 2013
Gabrielson, Curt
"Tinkering: Kids Learn by Making Stuff"
Doudna, Kelly
"The Kids' Book of Simple Machines: Cool Projects & Activities that Make Science Fun!"
Mighty Media Kids, 2015
Long, Paul
"Build Your Own Chain Reaction Machines: How to Make Crazy Contraptions Using Everyday Stuff"
Quarry Books, 2018
Perdew, Laura
"Crazy Contraptions: Build Rube Goldberg Machines that Swoop, Spin, Stack, and Swivel"
Snedden, Robert
"Mechanical Engineering and Simple Machines"
Crabtree Publishing Co., 2013
Yasuda, Anita
"Explore Simple Machines!"
Ceceri, Kathy
"Musical Inventions: DIY Instruments to Toot, Tap, Crank, Strum, Pluck, and Switch On"
Make Community, LLC, 2017
Grades 4 and up
Parker, Steve
"The Science of Sound: Projects and Experiments with Music and Sound Waves"
Dover Publications, 2013
Gregory, Josh
What is an Engineer?
The first episode of Crash Course Engineering explains what engineering is and gives a brief overview of its four main branches (civil, mechanical, eletrical and chemical) as well as a look at some of the other fields of engineering.
The Engineering Process: Crash Course Kids
This episode of Crash Course Kids talks about the Engineering Process and why we should do things in order, as well as many of the questions we should ask along the way.
Splash, Pop, Fizz: Rube Goldberg Machines
This video from TeachEngineering demonstrates multiple simple machines at work in a fun chain reaction device.
This short video from Bozeman Science explains some simple principles behind simple machines.
Examples of Simple Machines used in Everyday Life
This video from MooMoo Math and Science discusses where you might see simple machines at work in your daily life.
TOOL VIDEOS
Tech Tools: Basic Safety
Basic safety from your friends at The Tech Challenge.
Tech Tools: How to use a utility knife
Utility knives, or box cutters, are perfect for making small, precise cuts on thin material. Learn how to use this excellent tool with Abby Longcor, Senior Director of The Tech Challenge.
Tech Tools: How to use a hammer
Bet you're thinking, "A hammer? Of course I know how to use a hammer!" But just when you think you've nailed it, BAM, bruised thumb. Luckily, here's safety advice from Abby Longcor, Senior Director of The Tech Challenge.
Tech Tools: How to use a hand saw
Let's cut through all the back and forth to get down to safety! Hand saws are simple to use, or misuse, so listen carefully to Abby Longcor, Senior Director of The Tech Challenge.
Tech Tools: How to use a power drill
Here's a bit of advice we hope you don't find boring. Learn how to safely use a power drill with Abby Longcor, Senior Director of The Tech Challenge
Tech Tools: Journaling
HELPFUL YOUTUBE CHANNELS
Crash Course: Engineering
LONGER VIDEOS
Bill Nye the Science Guy: Simple Machines
An oldie but goodie from Season 1 of "Bill Nye the Science Guy" that looks in depth at simple machines.
Bill Nye the Science Guy: Energy
Bill Nye looks at different types of energy and energy transfer.
Wintergatan Sound Machine
An amazing musical instrument that uses 2000 marbles.
Unusual and Strange Musical Instruments Compilation
Have a listen and get some inspiration from some unusual musical instruments.
The Simple Machines Song
Learn about simple machines with this song from Scratch Garden.
72 Homemade Instruments in 7 Minutes
72 unique homemade instrument creations by Nicolas Bras.
6 Simple Machines in One
You've heard of the 6 simple machines, but have you ever seen them combined into one massive chain reaction machine?
Giant Hot Wheels Rube Goldberg
Take Hot Wheels to the next level with an epic Rube Goldberg machine!
Energy Transfer Machines
From "NBC News Learn", students show their work on a chain reaction machine. These types of machines use multiple energy transfers to accomplish simple tasks in as many steps as possible.
Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools
Produced by the California Department of Education
TeachEngineering.org
STEM curriculum for grades K-12 from the University of Colorado, Boulder
Online Engineering Dictionary
An enormous amount of information from the basics to complex explanations
Engineergirl.org
A site from the National Academy of Science that focuses on girls and engineering
Brittannica.com
A clearly written description of simple machines
Lumen-Learning.com
A more in-depth discussion of simple machines, with equations and explanations
Kids Academy
A variety of sound experiments for kids
StemEduationGuide.com
Six projects for learning about simple machines
ScienceBuddies.com
A great lesson on gears
Highlights.com
Building a basic chain reaction machine
Quick Links: About Us | Supporters | Media Room | Past Challenges | FAQs | Mini Challenges |
Contact us: challenge@thetech.org


text:
Dani Larkin
Armagh, County Armagh
BANDCAMP FACEBOOK TWITTER INSTAGRAM APPLE MUSIC SPOTIFY
Dani Larkin is a singer-songwriter and folk musician from the Armagh-Monaghan border. Her songs are inspired by the folk tales she was raised with and blend elements of melodies and rhythms from around the world in a seamless and timeless tradition.
In 2019 DANI supported Rufus Wainright, Lisa O'Neill, Joshua Burnside and performed at Other Voices Belfast alongside Lemoncello and Alfí. Her single, The Mother Within (Acoustic), received airplay on Ruth Smith's RTÉ Radio One's Folk Show and various BBC Radio Ulster shows including Marie-Louise Muir's Culture Cafe.
In 2020 DANI performed at Other Voices in Ballina and showcased at Output; Ireland's largest music industry conference. She released a new single Bloodthirsty and was set to tour Ireland and announce the release of her debut album in March/April which was cancelled due to COVID19.
During lockdown DANI has performed as part of The Duncairn's prestigious Virtual Cabaret sessions, EastSide Arts Festival and DeBarra's Folk Club amongst other online performances.
'Wowing audiences with virtuoso guitar playing and highly individualistic self- penned songs'. Songlines Magazine
'A multi-instrumentalist with a remarkable knack for eking out sublime, burrowing melodies evocative of Irish traditional music.' The Thin Air
'Powerfully arresting sound' Ruth Smith, RTÉ Radio One
'One of the finest songwriters of our times' Sean Kelly, Cathedral Quarter Arts Festival
Joni Mitchell, Lankum, Lisa O'Neill, This is the Kit, Ye Vagabonds
Aretha Franklin, Billie Haliday, Crowbar Blues, Jack Johnston, John Butler, Jon Gomm, Kt Tunstall, Lisa Hannigan, Matt Corby, Newton Faulkner, Nina Simone, Queen, Sheryl Crow, The Decembrists, The Dixie Chicks, Tracy Chapman, Wallis Bird, ben howard, rodrigo y gabriela


The Immigrant Justice Program investigates and challenges civil rights violations against immigrants. Through strong ties with immigrant communities as well as practitioners, the Program is contacted when a systemic issue arises that unjustly affects immigrants and their communities. After a thorough investigation into the facts and the law, the Program files suits with broad-reaching implications to remedy the violation/s.
The final approval hearing for Uelian de Abadia-Peixoto, et al. vs. United States Department of Homeland Security, et al., challenging the shackling of immigrants in immigration court, was held in April 2014 by the Federal Court in San Francisco. At the hearing, the Court approved the settlement. Finding that it was fair and reasonable, the Court adopted the terms of the parties' agreement, making it effective and enforceable. The settlement reached in this class action lawsuit between immigration authorities andimmigrants who are held in custody during their civil immigration proceedings in San Francisco was announced in January. Final approval of the settlement from the Court now brings a formal end to the federal government's practice of forcing detained immigrants to go through their civil immigration hearings –often involving life-or-death matters – in handcuffs, leg irons, and chains.
The Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area, with co-counsel Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, has reached a nationwide settlement, signed by the presiding judge, in the matter of Martins v. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services et al. The settlement ensures that the Government will no longer categorically deny applicants for asylum access to the notes taken by the asylum officers who interview them. These notes are intended to document the content of the asylum interviews. Often the notes provide the only means of understanding what transpired during the interviews, which are key to the decision as to whether asylum is granted. Previously the notes were provided to the applicants when requested under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), but then the Government changed course and began withholding them despite legal requirements that they be produced.
In February 2012, in a precedent-setting case successfully litigated by the Lawyers' Committee and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the United States Supreme Court denied the City of Redondo Beach's request to review the Ninth Circuit decision that found the City's ordinance prohibiting solicitation of employment, business, or contributions on city streets and sidewalks unconstitutional. The 2004 case of Comite de Jornaleros de Redondo Beach v. City of Redondo Beach originated after undercover police officers posed as employers, hiring day laborers and then arresting them for soliciting work. The district court and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals both ruled in favor of the day laborers, siding with the argument that their right to seek work is protected under the right to free speech. The Supreme Court's decision to not hear the case effectively ended any further challenges to this ruling.
The most common tool used in the Program's impact litigation is the class action lawsuit, which is able to effect change for thousands of people simultaneously.
As advocates, the program also rallies support for legislation through activities that influence decision makers and challenge conditions or trends that threaten the civil rights of immigrant communities.


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Bowflex i-Trainer evaluates your level of fitness. (See Please visit the main page of Bowflex i-Trainer on Software Informer. Share your. Finding time for fitness in your life can be tough. Learn more about our apps Maximize Every Workout. Choose your app that goes with it. Max Trainer App. Evaluate your level of fitness, determine your strength-training goals & enhance your fitness results with the Bowflex® I-Trainer™ Software CD. Bowflex i trainer software is a ground breaking lifetime fitness tool that incorporates custom calibrated technology into your daily workout routine. It will evaluate.


I recently got to try out Winc, a company that delivers wine directly to your door. Hand picked wines picked just for you and you don't even have to leave the house... how amazing is that?!
The process is super simple! Visit Winc and answer a few questions about your taste in wine. Winc will then pick bottles specific to your taste and ship them right to your front door. You can even get $22 off your first box of wine with code "smwrightt".
This is the box I received from Winc with my four hand picked bottles of wine. It was delivered right to my door, but someone over the age of 21 does have to be there to sign for it. With my box, I got a bottle of rosé, a chien blanc and two red blends. The cost of this box was $59, but with my promo code (smwrightt), you can get it for $37. That is $9.25 a bottle! I haven't had a chance to try all the wines just yet (#moderation), but the red blends that I have had are amazing. I can't wait to explore more unique wines through Winc!


text:
Cases & Deals
Michael Olsan
Rafael Vergara
Reinsurance Team Successfully Argues in the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division - First Department
The White and Williams Reinsurance Group successfully argued to the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division – First Department that a reinsurer's statute of limitations defense should be decided by an arbitration panel rather than the court in In re ROM Reinsurance Mgmt. v. Continental Insurance Company.
Continental Insurance Company was reinsured by ROM Reinsurance Management and commenced an arbitration against ROM to collect balances on the Thorpe Insulation and J.T. Thorpe accounts. Both parties appointed their respective arbitrators. Before umpire selection, however, ROM filed a petition in New York Supreme Court to stay the arbitration because it alleged that the court should decide whether Continental's claim was barred by the statute of limitations. ROM's petition was based on the fact that (1) the applicable reinsurance contract provided that "the arbitration laws of New York State shall govern such arbitration" and (2) CPLR §§7502 and 7503 – the applicable New York provisions – permitted a party, which has not "participated" in an arbitration, to apply to a court to stay arbitration if the claim sought to be arbitrated is barred by the applicable statute of limitations. Continental opposed ROM's petition on two grounds. First, the reinsurance contract did not contain the critical language necessary to deprive an arbitration panel of authority over the statute of limitations issue. Second, even if the CPLR were applicable, ROM had participated in the arbitration by appointing its arbitrator, and thus, it could not avail itself of those provisions.
The New York Supreme Court, in its first decision, agreed with Continental that the CPLR was not applicable to the reinsurance contract, and based on that opinion, it did not need to decide whether ROM had participated in the arbitration. ROM appealed that decision and the appellate division reversed and held that the reinsurance contract contained the requisite language to make CPLR applicable to the statute of limitations issue. On remand, Continental urged the lower court to find ROM had participated in the arbitration by appointing its arbitrator and the case should proceed before a panel of arbitrators. ROM argued that until a full arbitration panel is formed and the umpire seated, there is no arbitration in which to participate. The lower court ruled in favor of Continental and ROM once again appealed. This time, however, in a 5-0 decision, the appellate division disagreed with ROM and affirmed the trial court ruling. According to the court, ROM "participated in the arbitrator selection process, even though they were undoubtedly aware of their statute of limitations claim. Under these circumstances, the court correctly determined that petitioners participated in the arbitration and therefore are precluded from seeking a stay on statute of limitations grounds." As a result of that ruling, ROM's statute of limitations defense is properly before the arbitration panel.
Continental is represented by Michael Olsan, Rafael Vergara and Sarah Connelly.
Why I Care
Why White and Williams
Berwyn, PA
Winners Law Firm
© 2020 White and Williams LLP


George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: George Washington, November , Comments on Army Reorganization . November, 1777. Manuscript/Mixed Material. https://www.loc.gov/item/mgw448967/.
(1777) George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: George Washington, November , Comments on Army Reorganization . November. [Manuscript/Mixed Material] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/mgw448967/.
George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: George Washington, November , Comments on Army Reorganization . November, 1777. Manuscript/Mixed Material. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/mgw448967/>.


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INVITE FRIENDS AND WIN $1000 SHOPPING SPREE!
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Sharing with your friends is incredibly simple. Invite your email contacts and don't forget to share on Facebook and Twitter!


Simbang Gabi in Dubai – WRITE THEM ALL.
Simbang Gabi (Filipino for"Night Mass") is a devotional nine days series of Masses practiced by Roman Catholic. In the Philippines, it held daily from December 16-24 at different times ranging from as early as 03:00am to 05:00am. Back in the days, there was a belief that whoever completes the nine-day Mass stands a good chance of having his or her wish come true.
Yes, we have a Simbang Gabi here in a Muslim Country. During Christmas, Dubai embraced the spirit of tolerance. Even though December 25 is not a holiday here, but some companies allowed their Catholic employees to take a one day off to celebrate (lucky for them).
Aside from malls and restaurants decorations and festivity, there are several churches in the UAE preparing for the big day. If you are feeling blue, listen to the choir's carols and hymns. Always remember that we may be miles apart, but our love and affection unites us.
Merry Christmas and God bless us all!
They have said it's more or less 35 thousand Filipino has attended the Simbang Gabi for nine consecutive days. That's the spirit of Christmas!


Funky 8-inch BEAD STRETCH FANCY CHARM BRACELET - Orange, Black and Silver Halloween Team Novelty Costume Jewelry - Great-to-add-your-own-Charms - Cheerleader Sports Spirit. Bengals, Giants, Tigers Team Fan Halloween Party Favors - Tiger-lovers costume jewelry features metal and acrylic beads. Convenient stretch to fit most adults and older children, as pictured. 8-inch (20cm) stretch. Ready-to-Wear!


text:
Home / importance of coal mining in south africa
Importance Of Coal Mining In South Africa
critical success factors for an outsourcing strategy in the mpumalanga coal mining
ii abstract the objective of the research was to explore the reasons why some coal mining companies in south africa fail to get the benefits of outsourcing. the research aimed to achieve this by first establishing the critical success factors for outsourcing in coal
opposition to coal mining in limpopo, south africa is
opposition to coal mining in limpopo, south africa is mounting in critically water scarce limpopo province in northern south africa, support for coal mining is fast drying up. the gaia foundation has been supporting the people of venda, who are opposing an intensifying mining craze in the province – new and existing mines are threatening their very livelihoods.
south africa's mining industry south african market
the mining and quarrying industry declined by 10.8% quarter on quarter seasonally adjusted and annualised based on the latest gdp numbers released by statistics south africa (stats sa) for q1:2019. decreases in production was recorded for iron ore and coal
importance of coal mining
importance of coal mining in south africa · an input–output analysis of the impact of mining on the south "south africa's mining industry is is that mining's importance to south african the importance of coal, gold, and other mining contact supplier
importance of coal mining in s a
coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s, has been widely used to generate electricity. steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. in the united kingdom and south africa, a coal
south africa's energy supply brand south africa
coal, fuel, oil and gas with abundant coal supplies, south africa meets around 77% of its energy needs through coal. while it is largely used to generate electricity, a significant amount is channelled to synthetic fuel and petrochemical operations. around 28% of
occupational safety and health in mining
2 this anthology reviews the current situation related to safety and health in mineral mining. the situation in 16 countries is described. of the ten most productive mining countries in the world1, eight are represented: china, usa, australia, canada, india, chile, south africa
south africa energy coal
the south africa energy coal (saec) operations are located near the towns of emalahleni (previously known as witbank) and middelburg, in the coalfields of mpumalanga. coal mining has long been part of this region, with the name emalahleni translating to 'place of coal'.
mining in south africa: key facts expat cape town
mining is one of the key sectors of the south african economy, contributing almost 10% to the country's gdp. south africa has rich mineral reserves in gold, iron ore and coal and is the leading producer of copper, platinum, vanadium and uranium.
solar and wind power battle with coal in south africa
the greens are not just up against coal, but against the whole of south africa's mining industry, which has shaped the country's history more than any other force. first mined commercially 150
mining in south africa slideshare
mining in south africa 1. mining in south africa 2. what is mining? 3. mining is the extraction (removal) of minerals and metals from earth. 4. 1. cape town and cape penninsula 2. the winelands 3. garden route 5. 4.
nigeria: the magic of smokeless coal iea clean coal
the nation gathered that some industrialists in the country have resulted into importation of coal from south africa to power their factories. leading the coal import initiative from south africa is dangote cement plc, which had placed an initial order of 30,000 tonnes of the commodity from the continent's second largest economy.
home sacma
sacma is an organisation of colliery mining managers, representing 8 mining houses and some smaller operators with 43 mine operations in 4 provinces. the accountabilities of the organization are to ensure knowledge transfer of coal industry practices between current and future members, provide structure for networking between members and affiliates with major stakeholders.
economic geography: agriculture & mining 07 august
economic geography: agriculture & mining 07 august 2014 lesson description in this lesson we: discuss the importance of mining and agriculture in south africa examine the factors favouring and hindering the mining and agricultural
coal in south africa, the free encyclopedia
contents geology economic impact mining coal consumption electricity generation liquid fuel use environmental impact see also references citations bibliography the use of coal in south africa dates back to the iron age (300–1880 ad), when charcoal was used to melt iron and copper, but large scale exploitation of coal did not occur until the mid 19th century.
the method of mining coal in south africa
coal mining in south africa it was mining that gave south africa its current shape through processes from the 1880s to 1910. gold mining took centre stage early, both because of its importance for the british and thus global monetary system and the profits to be made.
effects of coal mining in south africa mining
effects of coal mining in south africa meipaly heavy coal in south africa wikipedia around 35 of liquid fuel used in south africa is derived from coal mined by mining at the secunda ctl plants use in 1995 around a million lowerincome households in
impact of mining, prospecting activities & shale gas
there were concerns about the effects of open cast mining, and this posed a particular threat to the grasslands, which covered about 30% of south africa's land surface, but which had been significantly modified or were under threat, specifically from coal mining.
air pollution from coal power stations causes disease and
air pollution from coal power stations causes disease and kills thousands of south africans every year, says uk expert 12 september 2017 at 11:15 am polluted air at masakhane informal settlement, just outside emalahleni (witbank), with duvha coal power station in the background.
iron ore pellet machinery manufacturers in china
kaolin and sand separation process pdf
status regarding limestone mining in meghalaya bholaganj
milling equipment ball mill prices south africa
pet bottle crushing business pakistan
analysis of single toggle jaw crusher
zenith equipment k ltd kenya
used band mill saw


Need help with opening game.
Hi, I know there are forums surrounding these issues but I can't seem to find them. Aside from the base game, I've downloaded GTW, City Living, Toddlers, Vampires and Bowling Stuff, Get Together, Parenthood, Fitness Stuff, Toddlers Stuff and Cats and Dogs.
Have I not installed every expansion/stuff pack yet? If not please send the links to the download page. My game was running well previously just before I installed Toddlers, Vampires and Bowling Stuff, except for some minor things, for example, the Plumbob being a black colour.
Re: Need help with opening game.
5. From "The Sims 4 - Get Together.rar" extract "EP02" folder and move it to C:\Program Files\The Sims 4.
If you installed all DLCs in proper order (guide: https://www.games4theworld.club/t21806-must-read-how-to-install-the-sims-4-correctly) this should fix your game.
At the top of the forum there's "All Games4theworld downloads" button.
Just keep in mind that G4TW releases of DLCs you're missing + the latest update will weight 32.6GB. If you want something lighter, consider using my repack. You're missing 5 DLCs released after Cats & Dogs and the newest patch, that will weight 7.45GB.
I moved 'The Sims 4' folder which I used for the validator from C:\Program Files (x86)\Electronic Arts to the C:\Program Files since there was no folder there already. I'm not sure if I was meant to do that, but I'm not sure how I'm meant to install the base game after. Do I just have to reinstall the base game from where I first downloaded it?
Yes and yes. Just install it. Because somehow you're missing the base game.
I managed to reinstall the base game and transfer most of the files to C:/Program Files/The Sims 4, but there was no magalog2.package file.
It's ok. Extract "Data" folder from "The Sims 4 - Cats & Dogs.rar" and move it to "C:\Program Files\The Sims 4".
I've moved both the EP02 from Get Together and the Data folder from Cats and Dogs to my Sims 4 Folder. I also installed all the DLCs up to Strangerville. I tried loading 'TS4.exe' and 'TS4_x64.exe' but they both load on a blank white screen and exit out.
I've done as instructed. The game says Unable to Start: Cannot start because required game data is missing or damaged. Please repair or reinstall the game via Origin.
You probably deleted files from "Data\Client" folder instead of those from main installation folder... Run validator again. And tell me what did you use to update the game. G4TW releases or my repack?


The image of Denver Mattress Kennewick Wa was uploaded at July 25, 2018 at 7:48 pm. This article is published in the Mattress category. Denver Mattress Kennewick Wa is labelled with Denver Mattress Kennewick Wa, Denver, Mattress, Kennewick, Wa..
Ken•ne•wick (ken′ə wik),USA pronunciation n.
a city in S Washington, on the Columbia River. 34,397.
Is ensure when altering your Denver Mattress Kennewick Wa that you will have no problems with the building rule office. Minute, get an office wall was coated with the colour you would like. When you have a little office, it'd be healthier to decide on natural colors isn't that heavy.
It'd be more easy when you have a larger office. Then you then could incorporate products easy to get your workplace with arrangements like home. Products including lamps, showcases, vases affect inside your office decor.
Moreover, you may get a wall. This can be completed by dangling a photo onto it. By doing this it'll undoubtedly preserve an improved environment. Next, get your office organized by putting desk or a ledge with compartments or compartments include more. If you have a more impressive workplace, it will be more easy to decorate. A comfy and good couch will be the best improvement to it.


If you're out and about over the next week, The Body Shop have 3 For 2 on all skincare products.
I took the opportunity to stock up on favourites that I can't keep enough stock of, but you should definitely take the opportunity to explore some of their amazing new skincare launches, including Tea Tree daily treatment, Vitamin C gel and pretty much anything from the Drops of Youth Collection.
If you're able to get out today, it's a double points weekend too so you can earn your £5 much quicker.
But if you'r rather stay in doors in this miserable weather with a blanket and cup of coffee, you can get 35% off online using the code 14666 (I believe there are some exclusions in this).
This article first appeared on MANFACE written by Thom Watson. It was published on Sunday 19th March 2017 and was last updated on Monday 3rd April 2017 at 12:24pm. It's categorised under The Body Shop where you'll find more related content.


This article is about the religious science of the study and evaluation of the Islamic hadith. For critiques of the collection and use of hadith in Islam, see Criticism of Hadith.
Hadith studies (Arabic: علم الحديث ʻilm al-ḥadīth "science of hadith", also science of hadith, or science of hadith criticism) consist of several religious disciplines used in the study and evaluation of the Islamic hadith — i.e. the record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, by Muslim scholars. The sciences seeks to determine the authenticity (sihha) of ahadith, primarily by attempting to determine whether there are "other identical reports from other transmitters"; the reliability of the transmitters of the report; and "the continuity of the chain of transmission".
It has been described by one hadith specialist, Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, as the science of the principles by which the conditions of both the sanad, the chain of narration, and the matn, the text of the hadith, are known. This science is concerned with the sanad and the matn with its objective being distinguishing the sahih, authentic, from other than it. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani said the preferred definition is: knowledge of the principles by which the condition of the narrator and the narrated are determined.
"In most cases the truthfulness or lack of truthfulness of a tradition can only be known through the truthfulness or lack of truthfulness of the transmitter, except in a few special cases when he relates what cannot possibly be the case, or what is contradicted by better-authenticated information."
The isnad is carefully scrutinized to see if the chain is possible (for example, making sure that all transmitters and transmittees were known to be alive and living in the same area at the time of transmission) and if the transmitters are reliable. The scholars reject as unreliable people reported to have lied (at any point), as well as people reputed to be heedless (and thus likely to misunderstand the saying).
The term muḥaddith (plural muḥaddithūn often translated as "traditionist") refers to a specialist who profoundly knows and narrates hadith, the chains of their narration isnad, and the original and famous narrators.
According to the 8th century Imam, Sheikh Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i, a muhaddith is someone who has memorised at least 400,000 narrations along with the chain of narrators for each narration. The female equivalent is a muhadditha.
In describing the muhaddith, Al-Dhahabi raised the question, "Where is the knowledge of hadith, and where are its people?" Answering his own question, he said, "I am on the verge of not seeing them except engrossed in a book or under the soil."
Both men and women can serve as muhaddithin (traditionists). The requirements for a muhaddith are the same requirements that apply to the reception and transmission of reports (riwayah) in the Islamic tradition more generally: truthfulness, integrity, a competent and accurate memory, being free of prejudice or compulsion that might be presumed to distort the reporting.
There are numerous women who have served as muhaddithat in the history of Islam. Nadwi counts more than 8000 based on the biographical dictionaries of the classical and medieval period. Many of these women belonged to the most outstanding scholars and traditionists of their time and men were proud to receive narration from them. One must also note that muhaddithat transmitted the same body of knowledge as their male counterparts - there were and are no restrictions on what could be transmitted by women.
Reporting or narrating (riwayah) must be differentiated from giving testimony (shahadah). While women are entirely equal in riwayah, many Islamic jurists place restrictions on women in shahadah - thus in several schools of law the testimony of two women is equal to that of a man.
A muḥaddith or "traditionist" is not the same a one of the Ahl al-Hadith or a "traditionalist", a member of a movement of hadith scholars who considered the Quran and authentic hadith to be the only authority in matters of law and creed.
After the death of Muhammad, his sayings were preserved in both written and memorized form. Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph, began to collect all the hadiths together into one unified volume. He, however, chose to give up the endeavor in order to have the Muslim nation concentrate its efforts more on the Quran.
The Umayyad caliph, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz also started an effort to collect all the hadiths. Teaching and collecting hadiths was part of a plan of his to renew the moral fiber of the Muslim community. He supported teachers of fiqh, sent educators to ignorant Bedouin tribes, ordered weekly hadith lectures in the Hejaz, and sent out scholars of hadith to Egypt and North Africa.
Umar also ordered the great scholar of Madinah, Abu Bakr ibn Hazm to write down all the hadiths of Muhammad and Umar ibn al-Khattab, particularly those narrated by Aisha. He had these hadiths collected in books which were circulated around the Umayyad Empire. Although these books are lost today, commentaries on them by Ibn al-Nadim reveals that they are organized like books of fiqh, such as the Muwatta of Imam Malik, the first large compilation of hadiths. Imam Malik himself probably followed the general plan of the early books of hadith ordered by Umar.
The classification of Hadith into sahih, sound or authentic; hasan, good; and da'if, weak, was utilized early in hadith scholarship by Ali ibn al-Madini (161–234 AH). Later, al-Madini's student Muhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) authored a collection, now known as Sahih Bukhari, commonly accepted by Sunni scholars to be the most authentic collection of hadith, followed by that of his student Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. Al-Bukhari's methods of testing hadiths and isnads are seen as exemplary of the developing methodology of hadith scholarship.
From the first of those who authored a work on this subject is the Judge, Abū Muḥammad al-Rāmahurmuzī in his book, 'al-Muhaddith al-Faasil,' however, it was not comprehensive.
And al-Hakim, Abu Abd Allah an-Naysaburi, however, it was neither refined nor well arranged.
And following him, Abu Nu'aym al-Asbahani, who wrote a mustakhraj upon the book of the later, (compiling the same narrations al-Hakim cited using his own sanads.) However, some things remain in need of correction.
And then came al-Khatib Abu Bakr al-Bagdadi, authoring works in the various disciplines of hadith studies a book entitled al-Kifaayah and in its etiquettes a book entitled al-Jami' Li Adab ash-Sheikh wa as-Saami. Scarce is the discipline from the disciplines of the science of hadeeth that he has not written an individual book regarding, as al-Hafith Abu Bakr ibn Nuqtah said: 'Every objective person knows that the scholars of hadeeth coming after al-Khatib are indebted to his works.' After them came others, following al-Khatib, taking their share from this science."
al-Qadi 'Eyaad compiled a concise book naming it al-Ilmaa'.
Abu Hafs al-Mayanajiy a work giving it the title Ma Laa yasu al-Muhaddith Jahluhu or That Which a Hadith Scholar is Not Allowed Ignorance Of. There are numerous examples of this which have gained popularity and were expanded upon seeking to make plentiful the knowledge relating to these books and others abridged making easy their understanding.
This was prior to the coming of the memorizer and jurist Taqiyy ad-Deen Aboo 'Amrin 'Uthmaan ibn al-Salah 'Abd ar-Rahmaan ash-Shahruzuuree, who settled in Damascus. He gathered, at the time he had become a teacher of hadith at the Ashrafiyyah school, his well known book, editing the various disciplines mentioned in it. He dictated it piecemeal and, as a result, did not succeed in providing it with an appropriate order. He occupied himself with the various works of al-Khatib, gathering his assorted studies, adding to them from other sources the essence of their benefits. So he combined in his book what had been spread throughout books other than it. It is due to this that people have focused their attention upon it, following its example. Innumerable are those who rendered his book into poetry, abridged it, sought to complete what had been left out of it or left out any extraneous information; as well as those who opposed him in some aspect of his work or supported him.
According to Islamic tradition the sanad (سند), or isnād (اسناد)), bases a tradition on its first authority and traces an ascription in ascending order, in an uninterrupted chain of traditionaries, back to a first authority so as to corroborate its credibility. The isnād and the commentary are distinct from the matn (متن), which is the main body, or text, of a linguistic tradition or literary text.
These two terms are the primary components of every hadith. The route of transmission of the matn is the sanad, and the experts and scholars of hadith determine the authenticity or weakness of a given hadith according to it. The term sanad is synonymous with the similar term isnad. The matn is the actual wording of the hadith by which its meaning is established, or stated differently, the objective at which the sanad arrives at, consisting of speech.
The sanad consists of a 'chain' of the narrators, each mentioning the one from whom they heard the hadith until mentioning the originator of the matn, along with the matn itself. The first people who received hadith were Muhammad's Companions, who are believed to have understood and preserved it. They conveyed it to those after them as they were commanded; then the generation following them, the Followers, received it and then conveyed it to those after them, and so on. Thus, the Companion would say, "I heard the Prophet say such and such." The Follower would say, "I heard a Companion say, 'I heard the Prophet say'" The one after the Follower would say, "I heard a Follower say, 'I heard a Companion say, 'I heard the Prophet say'" and so on.
Early religious scholars stressed the importance of the sanad. For example, according to an early Quranic exegete, Matr al-Warraq, the verse from the Quran, "Or a remnant of knowledge," refers to the isnad of a hadith.
In addition, Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak said, "The isnad is from the religion; were it not for the isnad anyone could say anything they wanted." According to Ibn al-Salah, the sanad originated within the Muslim scholastic community and remains unique to it. Ibn Hazm said that the connected, continuous sanad is particular to the religion of Islam: the sanad was also used by the Jewish community, but they had a break of more than 30 generations between them and Moses and the Christians limited their use of the sanad to the prohibition of divorce.
The practice of paying particular attention to the sanad can be traced to the generation following that of the Companions, based upon the statement of Muhammad Ibn Sirin: "They did not previously inquire about the sanad. However, after the turmoil occurred they would say, 'Name for us your narrators.' So the people of the Sunnah would have their hadith accepted and the people of innovation would not." Those who were not given to require a sanad were, in the stronger of two opinions, the Companions of the Prophet, while others, such as al-Qurtubi, include the older of the Followers as well. This is due to the Companions all being considered upright, trustworthy transmitters of hadith, such that a mursal hadith narrated by a Companion is acceptable.
Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, stating likewise, cited various evidences for this, from them, the Quranic verse, "And you were the best nation brought about to mankind." The fitnah referred to is the conflicting ideologies of the Kharijites and the Ghulat that had emerged at the time of the third Caliph Uthman ibn Affan, his assassination and the social unrest of the Kharijites in opposition to the succeeding rulers, Ali and Muawiyah. The death of Uthman was in the year 35 after the migration.
Due to the complexity of the sanad system, classifications of the relative authenticity of the hadith fell within the sanad system alone, leaving little room for the matn - or content of the hadith - itself to have much influence in deciding whether the hadith is authentic or not.
Syrian hadith scholar Dr. Salah al-Din al-Idlibi is expert in the relatively new field of matn criticism. Whereas traditional criticism has focused on verifying the trustworthiness of the people transmitting the hadith, matn criticism studies the contents of the hadith and compares this with the contents of other hadiths and any other available historical evidence with the aim of arriving at an objective historical reality of the event described by the hadith.
An important discipline within hadith studies is Ilm ar-Rijal, or biographical evaluation. It relates to the detailed study of the narrators who make up the sanad. Ilm ar-rijal is based on certain verses of the Quran.
There is a basic distinction between Islam and other religions in this regard: Islam is singularly unique among the world religions in the fact that in order to preserve the sources of their religion, the Muslims invented a scientific methodology based on precise rules for gathering data and verifying them. As it has been said, 'Isnad or documentation is part of Islamic religion, and if it had not been for isnad, everybody would have said whatever he wanted.
The vagueness of ancient historians about their sources stands in stark contrast to the insistence that scholars such as Bukhari and Muslim manifested in knowing every member in a chain of transmission and examining their reliability. They published their findings, which were then subjected to additional scrutiny by future scholars for consistency with each other and the Qur'an.
^ An Introduction to the Science of Hadith, translated by Eerik Dickinson, from the translator's introduction, pg. xiii, Garnet publishing,Reading, U.K., first edition, 2006.
^ Tadrib al-Rawi, vol. 1, pgs. 38-9.
^ Schacht, Joseph (1959) . The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. pp. 37–8.
^ Ulum al-Hadith by Ibn al-Salah, pg. 5, Dar al-Fikr, ed. Nur al-Din al-'Itr.
^ al-Nukat ala Kitab ibn al-Salah, vol. 1, pg. 90.
^ Tathkirah al-Huffath, by al-Dhahabi, vol. 1, pg. 4, edited under the supervision of Wizarah al-Ma'arif of the High Court of India by al-Muallimee.
^ Mohammad Akram Nadwi, Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam, (Oxford/London: Interface Publications, 2007), p. 17.
^ Mohammad Akram Nadwi, Al-Muhaddithat: The Women Scholars in Islam, (Oxford/London: Interface Publications, 2007).
^ Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). "Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" (PDF). Global Journal Al-Thaqafah (GJAT). 7 (2): 53. ISSN 2232-0474. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
^ a b c Siddiqi, Muhammad Zubayr (1993). Hadith Literature. Oxford: The Islamic Texts Society. p. 6. ISBN 0946621381.
^ Nuzhah Al-Nathr, pg. 45–51; published as al-Nukat, Dar Ibn al-Jawzi. I referred to the explanation of Ali al-Qari, Sharh Sharh Nukhbah al-Fikr, in particular segments of pgs. 143-7 in some instances for clarity. The books mentioned above are all published in the original Arabic, with only Ibn al-Salah's book, as far as I am aware, being translated into English.
^ Wehr & Arabic-English Dictionary, p. 370.
^ Wehr & Arabic-English Dictionary, p. 752.
^ Tadrib al-Rawi, by al-Suyuti vol. 1, pgs. 39–41 with abridgement.
^ Ilm al-Rijal wa Ahimiyatuh, by Mu'allami, pg. 16, Dar al-Rayah. I substituted the word sunnah with the word hadith as they are synonymous in this context.
^ Matr ibn Tihman al-Warraq died in the year 119 after the migration; he used to transcribe the Quran (Kitab al-Jami bain Rijal al-Sahihain, vol. 2, pg. 526, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah).
^ Reported by al-Khatib al-Bagdadi in Sharaf Ashab al-Hadith, pg. 83, no. 68, Maktabah Ibn Taymiyah. al-Sakhawi also mentioned this narration in Fath al-Mugith, vol. 3, pg. 333, Dar Alam al-Kutub.
^ Reported by Muslim in the introduction to his Sahih, vol. 1, pg. 9, Dar Taibah. This narration is also mentioned in the translation of 'An Introduction to the Science of Hadith,' pg. 183.
^ A.C. Brown, Jonathan (2014). Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy. Oneworld Publications. p. 40. ISBN 978-1780744209.
^ Ulum Al-Hadith, pg. 255; this also appears on pg. 183 of the translation.
^ Summarized from Tadrib Al-Rawi, vol. 2, pg. 143.
^ Reported by Muslim in the introduction to his Sahih, vol. 1, pg. 8.
^ See the discussion of this issue in Qurrat Ayn al-Muhtaj by Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Adam, vol. 2, pg. 57-8.
^ Al-Kifayah, pg. 46, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah photocopied from the Indian print with Muallimi's verification. The verse mentioned is verse 110 of Surah Aal Imran; the translation of 'ummah' is based upon Ibn Kathir's interpretation of the verse.
^ This is the explanation provided by al-Qurtubi in al-Mufhim, vol. 1, pgs. 122-3 as quoted in Qurrah Ayn Al-Muhtaj, vol. 2, pg 58.
^ Al-Bidiyah wa Al-Nihayah, vol. 10, pg. 323, Dar Alam al-Kutub.
^ Hawramani, Ikram (4 November 2018). "A Hadith Scholar Presents New Evidence that Aisha was Near 18 the Day of Her Marriage to the Prophet Muhammad". The Hawramani Institute. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
Brown, Daniel W. (1996). Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521570778. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
Jonathan A.C. Brown (2009), Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1851686630.
Jonathan A.C. Brown (2007), The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunnī Ḥadīth Canon. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004158399.
This page was last edited on 23 April 2019, at 20:08 (UTC).