text:
Unlimited Novelty
Hi, I'm Tony Arcieri. You may remember me from such software projects as Celluloid, Reia, and Cool.io...
Introducing Celluloid: a concurrent object framework for Ruby
I've spend a lot of time recently working on a new concurrency library for Ruby called Celluloid. In short, its goal is to make working with threads as easy as working with Ruby objects in most cases, while still remaining loaded with all sorts of power user features for the edge cases. It's heavily inspired by Erlang and the actor model (hence "celluloid") and represents my best effort to port as many of these concepts over while making them more Ruby-like. This is the first in what I hope will be a series of blog posts describing various concurrency problems you might encounter in Ruby and how Celluloid can help solve them.
If you're already sold on using threads in Ruby, feel free to skip the next section of this post. However, as threads have remained a perpetual pariah in Ruby as a language, I feel some explanation is in order as to why you might actually consider using them.
Ruby and Threads
Rubyists generally don't like threads. There's plenty of good reasons to dislike threads: they're error prone for end users and the original implementation of threads in the Matz Ruby Interpreter was pretty crappy and broken in multiple ways. Even with the latest YARV interpreter found in Ruby 1.9, a global lock prevents multiple threads from running concurrently.
On the flip side, if you need multicore concurrency Ruby processes are cheap and there are some pretty good libraries like DRb for allowing Ruby VMs to work together. But even then most people are using Ruby to write stateless webapps that store all state in a database, so you can just run multiple Ruby VMs which all have the same application loaded to leverage multiple CPUs in a machine.
I used to be in the thread-hater camp, having cut my teeth on multithreaded C programs which left a bitter taste in my mouth, but recently I've changed my tune. This is mainly due to the great work of the JRuby and Rubinius teams to add true multicore concurrency to their Ruby implementations. JRuby has supported multicore concurrency via threads for awhile, and Rubinius is adding it in their hydra branch. With these Ruby interpreters, you can run one virtual machine per host and the threads you create will be automatically load balanced among all available CPU cores.
This has immediate benefits for things like Rails applications which enable thread safe mode. Rails will automatically create a new thread per request, allowing one VM to service multiple requests simultaneously. On interpreters like JRuby and Rubinius Hydra, this means you can run just a single VM per host and your application will utilize all available CPU cores. All the memory overhead of loading multiple copies of your application is mitigated, and as an added benefit you can take advantage of the better garbage collection these VMs (particularly the JVM) offer.
There is a catch: libraries can't share state across threads without using some form of thread synchronization. This is often trotted out as a persistent worry of those who prefer to run their Rails apps in the standard single threaded mode. Those gem authors, who knows what they're doing? Maybe they're using global variables! People don't think about this sort of stuff in Ruby, so shouldn't we just assume that 100% of Ruby libraries aren't thread safe per default?
The truth, at least for things like Rails apps, is that the general way they operate typically eschews thread safety issues. Ruby as a language favors object creation over mutating existing objects, and webapps generally create a new set of objects per request and don't provide mechanisms for sharing state between connections due to their stateless nature. In general, webapps are stateless and don't do things which will share state between threads.
If you do intend to go thread safe on your Rails app, you should certainly do your due diligence for auditing the libraries you use for unsafe usage of global and class variables, but in general I think the worries about running Rails apps in multithreaded mode are overblown. Ruby has much better semantics for promoting thread safety than other languages that have made the leap from single threaded to multithreaded (e.g. C/C++), and those languages have managed to make the transition with countless applications running in a multithreaded mode.
In the two years I've been deploying thread safe Rails applications, I've encountered exactly one thread safety bug, and that was in a library that originally claimed to have a specific thread safe mode but removed it from later releases and I unfortunately didn't catch that they had done so. The fix was simple: just create a thread-specific instance of an object I needed rather than sharing one across all threads. I won't say finding the bug was easy peasy, but all in all I don't think one bug was a bad price to pay for all the benefits of moving to a multithreaded deployment.
Concurrent Objects: How do they work?
Celluloid's concurrent objects work like a combination of normal Ruby objects and threads. You can call methods on them just like normal Ruby objects. To create a concurrent object, declare a class that includes the Celluloid::Actor module:
Then call the spawn method on the class:
This creates a new concurrent Charlie Sheen object. Calling the current_status method on it returns the normal value we'd expect from a method call. If an exception is raised, it will likewise be raised in the scope of the caller. But behind the scenes, all these things are happening in a separate thread.
Let's say things aren't going so well for Charlie. Instead of winning, Charlie is fired:
How can we help Charlie win again?
Calling Sheen#win! here does something special: it executes the method asynchronously. Adding a ! to the end of any method name sends a message to a concurrent object to execute a method, but doesn't wait for a response and thus will always return nil. You can think of this like signaling an object to do something in the background, and perhaps you'll check on the result later using normal synchronous method calls.
Using a ! to call a method asynchronously follows the Ruby convention of predicate methods with a bang on the end being "dangerous." While there are certain dangers of asynchronous methods (namely in how errors are handled), providing thread safe access to instance variables is not one of them. Charlie is running in his own thread, but there's no need to synchronize access to his private variables. This is where Celluloid's secret sauce comes in.
Charlie maintains a queue of pending method calls and executes them one at a time in sequence. Celluloid uses and asynchronous messaging layer that you can communicate with using normal Ruby method call syntax. However, when you call a method on a concurrent object in Celluloid, the "message" you send is quite literal and takes the form of a request object which waits for a response object (instances of Celluloid::Call and Celluloid::Response respectively).
This approach is largely inspired by the gen_server abstraction within the Erlang/OTP framework. For you Erlang nerds who might be worried Celluloid tries to jam everything into gen_server-shaped boxes, let me say right away that isn't the case, but you will have to wait for a further installment of my blog to find out why.
Celluloid by Example: Parallel Map
Let's start with a simple, practical, real-world example. If you're interested in digging deeper into the guts of Celluloid before starting this, I'd suggest you check out the README. That said, let's start with a simple problem: how can we implement a parallel map? That is to say, how can we reimplement Enumerable#map such that all of the map operations are performed in parallel rather than sequentially?
As this is a contrived and relatively simple problem, I'll go ahead and share with you how you might do it using Ruby threads as opposed to using Celluloid:
This version alone winds up being all you need to accomplish simple parallel map operations in Ruby. Here are some examples of using it from irb:
This pmap implementation behaves just like we'd expect map to. It returns the value of the block for each element if everything succeeds correctly, and raises an exception if anything goes wrong along the way.
Now I'd like to show you how to refactor this code to fit into the concurrent object pattern Celluloid uses. Let's start by trying to represent this same code using an object to perform the computation:
To turn this into a concurrent object, we first need to include Celluloid::Actor. To achieve concurrency, we need to make the method that performs the computation callable asynchronously. The initialize method is called synchronously by spawn (in case something goes wrong during initialization), so we'll need to create a separate method that actually calls the given block:
After that we can rewrite Enumerable#pmap using this class:
This creates a new Mapper actor for each element and calls Mapper#run asynchronously on each of them. After every one of them is executing they're iterated again, this time checking the return value. Since actors can only process one method call at a time, the call to Mapper#value will block until Mapper#run has completed, even though Mapper#run was called asynchronously.
This approach of allowing a value to be computed in the background and then only blocking when the value is requested is called a future. You've now seen how to implement a future, but it's also baked directly into Celluloid itself. Here's how to implement Enumerable#pmap using Celluloid::Futures:
Like Mapper, Celluloid::Future takes arguments, passes them to a block, then runs that block in the background asynchronously. Only when the value is requested does it block the current thread.
Now that we have a pmap function, what can we do with it? How about we compare the time it takes to do a bit of Google Image Search screen scraping for different color images for a particular search term using regular map vs. pmap?
The performance metrics vary across Ruby implementations, but in general, the parallel version goes approximately 3.5x faster, and the Celluloid version is 5-10ms slower than the version written using raw Ruby threads.
While this example is fairly trivial, in the next installment of this blog I'd like to demonstrate how to write a Sinatra-based chat server similar to node_chat.
What does this mean for Revactor?
In 2008 I wrote another actor library called Revactor, based on Fibers and evented I/O. While those ideas have grown increasingly popular, Revactor never did. I attribute this largely to Revactor's API, which was a fairly literal translation of Erlang's APIs into Ruby form with too little focus on putting an easy and accessible face on things. If you saw Mike Perham's recent article on actors in Rubinius (Revactor used a mostly identical API, as did MenTaLguY's Omnibus library), the code can be a little daunting, to the point you might need to learn a little Erlang just to figure out how to use it.
Celluloid is the official successor to Revactor. While Celluloid is primarily based on thread-based actors, it's been designed from the ground up with the idea of eventually incorporating event-based actors as well which can interoperate with an event library like EventMachine or cool.io. I know I originally dissed Scala for having both thread-based and event-based actors, but short of an Erlang-like process abstraction, it's not a bad compromise.
What about Reia?
One of the projects I've been working on the longest is Reia, a Ruby-like programming language for the Erlang VM. Today happens to be Reia's third birthday, and I do have to say after three years it's not where I thought it would be. It's generally usable but still missing some big features I feel are needed to make it a "complete" language. The main thing I feel is missing from Reia is a concurrent object model, and you can think of Celluloid as being an in-Ruby prototype of how it would work. I started to work on this in the legacy branch of Reia, but felt like it was too big of a project to tackle until I had fleshed out some of the other fundamentals of the language.
After I feel comfortable with how Celluloid is working I would like to try reimplementing in Reia. After that I think Reia will evolve into a truly useful language which bridges the gap between object oriented languages and Erlang-style concurrency.
I think Celluloid has the potential to be a truly useful library in Ruby on its own, however. It provides most of the underpinnings needed for more Erlang-like concurrent applications without having to switch to a different language.
Posted by Tony at 2:17 PM 55 comments:
Labels: actor model, celluloid, erlang, reia, revactor
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text:
Mission: Graduate - 4:30
Graduate Director of Collective Impact Teri Wimbourne
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2017/03/15/mission-graduate
Mission: Graduate Director of Collective Impact Teri Wimbourne discusses how Mission: Graduate is improving education and helping students succeed. http://www.missiongraduatenm.org
Hosted by: Gene Grant Produced by: Mountain West Newsmakers Team
#New Mexico #Education
Other videos hosted by Gene Grant
Ohio's 30th District, Challenges & Opportunities
Ohio's 30th District, Challenges & Opportunities - 5:01
Host Eric Minor talks with Frank Hoagland, Ohio State Senator, 30th District, about the challenges and opportunities of the district, including expanding technology capability. ohiosenate.gov/senators/hoagland
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2018/7/16/Frank-Hoagland
Water Rights - 4:30
A request by a foreign entity to drill over 50 wells to redistribute water from rural to urban areas is the decade long water battle discussed by Rep. Gail Armstrong . Armstrong describes the role of the Office of the State Engineer in water the rights battle.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2018/2/21/Gailarmstrong
End of Life Option
End of Life Option - 4:30
Representative Deborah Armstrong, NM District 17,discusses healthcare rights in New Mexico. The discussion details end-of-life decision making, and women's contraceptive rights.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2017/03/27/healthcare-rights-end-of-life
NM Economic Outlook
NM Economic Outlook - 4:30
The state budget has challenges and Lt. Governor John Sanchez discusses the state of the economy. Growing revenue does not mean raising taxes for NM. Sanchez elaborates on his vision for the future of NM .
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2017/03/27/nm-economic-outlook
The San Juan Economy
The San Juan Economy - 4:30
Representative James Strickler, NM District 2, discusses the population decline in San Juan County and how it impacts local business and the economy.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2017/03/27/population-jobs-economy
United Way Connects Our Community
United Way Connects Our Community - 4:29
Vice President of Development Randy Woodcock discusses how United Way of Central New Mexico is meeting community challenges with innovative approaches and collaborations. http://www.uwcnm.org
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2017/03/15/united-way-connects-community
Housing & Real Property Issues
Yolanda Vazquez talks with Maryland State Delegate from District 23B, Marvin E. Holmes Jr.. They discuss the 2019 Legislative Session and how it's going so far this year. They also discuss Housing & Real Property Issues, foreclosures, HOA registration and environment – lead hazards. For more information on Delegate Marvin E. Holmes Jr., visit the General Assembly of Maryland website.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/2/15/Housing-and-Real-Property-Issues
Transgender Rights Landscape in America
Transgender Rights Landscape in America - 7:04
Although the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the right to same-sex marriage in 2015, many LGBTQ Americans lack basic legal protections in states across the country. Mara Keisling, Executive Director of the National Center for Transgender Equality, joins host Paul Lisnek to discuss The Equality Act, pending legislation that aims to extend civil rights protections to LGBTQ people nationwide.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/5/29/Transgender-Rights-Landscape-in-America
Managing the Needs of Pennsylvania's 2,560 Local Governments
Managing the Needs of Pennsylvania's 2,560 Local Governments - 4:49
Rick P. Vilello Jr., Deputy Secretary for Community Affairs & Development, PA Dept. of Community & Economic Development, discusses the priorities for assisting local PA governments, including pension reform and infrastructure and its cost. Sheila Hyland hosts from the RLA Learning and Convention Center at the Pennsyvlania Municipal League's 2018 Annual Summit held in Cranberry Township, PA. dced.pa.gov
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2018/10/20/Rick-Vilelo
Business Counseling - 3:55
Jill Horner speaks with Raymond Lamboy, President and CEO from LAEDA, about Business Counseling. Interview recorded 5/15/2019.
https://comcastnewsmakers.com/Videos/2019/5/16/NJ190515-1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
October egg
On Thursday, October 4, 2007, Ramy suggested that the following day might be exceptional and was trying to flush some birds into the air. Shannon Madsen, Mike Mayo and Bill Brown signed up right away but I wanted to check the forecast first. It looked good, but based on satellite images, a little drier than the media forecasters were touting. Distracted by last minute issues at work, I neglected to notify the group that I would also be coming out.
The next morning was overcast but calm in the east bay but with broken heavy clouds to the east. Cloud cover was rapidly changing by the time I arrived at the field. I don't remember why but it seemed to take forever to get ready to launch. Eventually, just before noon we were ready, with Shannon taking off first and releasing at 2000. I followed, imprudently getting off at 1400 in what seemed a great thermal. That cost me about 20 minutes of milling around the pattern before I blundered into some real lift. I watched Ramy take off in the meantime. That was last time I saw him until he landed. I was hoping that the lift would be good to the east, enabling a flight down the east side of the valley but I soon abandoned that dream, as I struggled to get above 4000 under unpredictable clouds near Stockton.
Ramy had apparently started off to the north and it sounded like Shannon was heading that direction, reporting 4500 near Brentwood. Returning to Discovery Bay, north now looked much better so I followed the leaders. Turning slightly west at Rio Vista and on to Nut Tree the lift was well marked and strong. My lowest point on this leg was 3000 at Nut Tree. Very heavy cloud cover extended over the length of the ridge east of L Berryessa so a track east of the ridge seemed more comfortable. Enroute, there had been a lot of chatter about who was going for the Egg. Up to this point I just entertaining the thought but finally I concluded that since conditions were so good, it would be a shame to pass it up. Not having been this far north, I started to consult the sectional. This entailed considerable bouts of folding, re-folding, PIO's and blue words. As it turned out, only the heading and distance were useful at this point, since Williams was too far to make out any landmarks.
My track took me over a range of low hills to south of Williams, gradually losing altitude. Near the north end of this range, I was down to 2000 and still hadn't identified which town was the target. A fellow pilot informed me that the town near the orchards was Arbuckle, not Williams. The orchards were quite numerous, interspersed with what appeared to be cleared fields. These "fields" were of particular interest as I was getting quite low. These later turned out to be very unfriendly vineyards.
Eventually, I found some lift that would allow a final glide to the next town I pressed on. Increasingly more uncomfortable about the distance to my intended touchdown point, I re-consulted the now mangled sectional. Williams lies just south of the point where the railroad and interstate 5 turns due north and it was now apparent that I was heading for the next town up the road, Maxwell. Tuning back to Williams, I was now desperately searching for the field. Fortunately, a local pilot heard my queries and helped out. Even at 1200ft the strip was difficult to see.
After an uneventful landing, one of the towpilots helped move the ship clear of the runway. After hurriedly exiting, I made haste to empty my personal ballast tank. It is most unwise to consume large quantities of coffee before a long flight. Relieved of several worries I was now inclined to relax, wander about and check out operation. Rex, however, strode out and handed me the Egg. Explaining the forms and logbook, he helped me push out to the line where a waiting towplane had magically appeared! It was around 3 o'clock and I should have been thinking of the return flight. The tow turned out be quite interesting. Ether the tow pilot managed to stay in lift during the straight out climb towards the ridge or they had filled the Pawnee with rocket fuel. The vario stayed pegged most of time. Density altitude may have played some part, but whatever the reason the tow to 4000 was exhilarating and short. The rapid ascent enabled me to find a good thermal just south of the field. Where was it earlier when I needed it?
The return track retraced the one taken north but with much better conditions. Cloud bases were over 8,000 with the vario frequently pegged. With a slight tailwind, progress was rapid. It still seemed better to go east of the main build up looming over the ridge. A slow thermal at 4000 between Dixon and Nut Tree gave me enough altitude to arrive at Rio Vista. It was here that I saw the only other glider enroute. Mike Mayo in E5 pulled in 2000ft below, but couldn't connect with the lift. Arriving a little earlier and higher, I was able to reach the booming street spanning the delta which Ramy just reported leaving. The final glide to Byron was over quickly.
Since it looked like only Ramy and myself were the only ones with Byron made, I landed at around 5pm and waited for Ramy, who was relaying messages. Shannon had landed at Tracy and Mike eventually at Rio Vista, so we decided to tie down the gliders instead of de-rigging, in order to speed up the retrieves. Shortly, light rain and the setting sun resulted in a rainbow which Ramy, with his cell phone camera, took several shots of it and the egg being held triumphantly aloft.
-- Roy Moeller
- Topics: Accomplishments, Roy Moeller
Hangar One Faces Demolition
The iconic Hangar One at Moffat Airfield, originally built to house airships, is in danger of being torn down. The Navy is currently considering its options for the hangar, which is not currently in use. The cheapest option would be to simply tear it down.
More information about the hangar, and the movement to preserve it, here.
--Johan Larson
- Topics: Johan Larson, Links


text:
describe RedClothParslet::Parser::Attributes::ImageUri do
  let(:parser) { described_class.new }

  describe "matched parentheses" do
    it { should parse("http://redcloth.org/text(ile)") }
    it { should parse("http://redcloth.org/text(ile).html") }
    it { should parse("http://redcloth.org/text(ile)/") }
    it { should parse("http://redcloth.org/text(ile)#") }
    it { should parse("http://redcloth.org/#foo(bar)") }
    it { should parse("/foo(bar)") }
    it { should parse("/foo(bar)/") }
    it { should parse("foo(bar)") }
    it { should parse("foo(t);bar") }
    it { should parse("foo;bar(none)baz") }
    it { should parse("index?foo=bar(none)baz") }
    it { should parse("#foo(bar)") }
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
```bash
npm install up-client
```

### Basic Use
```javascript
var up = require('up-client');

// First, let's authorize a user and get their unique id (XID)
up.authorize('someone@email.com', 'somePassword', function (err, xid) {
     // Next, let's take a look at their activity summary
     up.summary(xid, function (err, result) {
        console.dir(result);    // Ta da!
     });
});
```

### Testing
```bash
npm test
```


Are you looking for a unique approach to your technical support from an experienced team, not another call centre?
An email upgrade is the single most stressful IT project for any business.
We relish the challenge of every Exchange upgrade and have years of experience completing them.
Norsa IT are very experienced at all angles of IT security. From internet connections & Firewalls, to content filtering and IT policy we are here to help, advise & secure your systems.
Why use Norsa IT Systems?
Norsa IT Systems have a proven track record in providing IT solutions and server support to companies in the South West. We pride ourselves on the ability to work with clients to achieve their IT goals and ensure their systems are in peak condition at all times. We are also happy to work with your specialist software vendors to make sure that you, the client, has the best possible experience, and can make the most of any specialist application required for your industry. Whether it's a print application or a bespoke accounts system for order processing, we will be there to maintain these products, and keep them working to full effect.
Apple users running wild in your company?
We also are happy to work with Apple equipment. Mac systems can be included into the "corporate" network, and we can even recommend ways to ensure that any Mac users work in a legitimate and safe environment. Our support also provides documentation to highlight "best practices" and a high-level management overview of the network, its components, and more importantly how it works for the business.


text:
Your Internet Explorer 11 browser is not supported by this site. Please upgrade to a recent browser for the best experience.
National Autistic Society
Quality of life framework
A View from Vanguard
Student Careers Programme
Careers Resource Centre
Gatsby Benchmarks
Vanguard Values
Vanguard School
Vanguard School strives to provide high-quality work-related learning to our students. Two key components of the Careers Education programme include:
Encounters with Employers and Employees - Every student should have multiple opportunities to learn from employers about work, employment and the skills that are valued in the workplace. This can be through a range of enrichment activities including visiting speakers, mentoring and enterprise schemes.
Experience of Workplaces - Every student should have first-hand experiences of the workplace through work visits, work shadowing and/or work experience to help their exploration of career opportunities, and expand their networks.
We would like to thank all the employers who are working with us and those who are interested in working with us in the near future. We would like you provide you with some more detailed information about working with autistic young people - please click here. If you would like more information, please contact the Careers Education Lead (monawra.rahman@nas.org.uk)
Careers In Context - Guide for Employers
Employer Toolkit for SEND
Provider Access Policy
Keep up to date with all the great things we're doing
Cookies, privacy and legal
Transparency and compliance
We are registered as a charity in England and Wales (269425) and in Scotland (SC039427). The National Autistic Society is also a company limited by guarantee, registered at Companies House (01205298). VAT registration number: 653370050. © The National Autistic Society 2022
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Air Conditioning Contractor – Maroochydore's Best!
Air Con Sunshine Coast in Maroochydore are here to help solve any cooling or heating problems you may have. Our Maroochydore workshop serves as our base for the entire Maroochy area catchment so getting to you in a timely manner is no trouble at all. All of our crews are capable of installing and repairing any type of air conditioner no matter the brand or complexity of the job.
Getting repairs done on any part of your house can be frustrating, especially if it's your air con that dies in the heat of summer! Never fear, the Air Con Sunshine Coast team is here to save the day. Simply give us a call and we can have a technician out to you in next to no time. Do you have a repairman near me you ask? With workshops conveniently located all along the coast chances are you'll see one of our vans nearby. We also carry a large variety of parts so we'll even be able to fix most AC units with what we have on hand.


There is also evidence that turmeric has anti-cancer properties.
Add turmeric and black pepper and stir well to create a smooth paste.
Cook gently for 7 to 9 minutes to get the paste properly cooked.
If the yellow paste becomes too dry, you can add some more water.
Allow the golden paste to cool and store in a glass container with an airtight lid.
The paste should keep in the refrigerator for up to 3 weeks. After that, it develops a metallic taste and should be discarded.
Please remember that turmeric has a very strong pigment and can easily stain clothes and work surfaces. So protect your clothes in case it bubbles out while cooking it.
Take 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of turmeric paste.
Consume the yellow paste every day until pain subsides (should take 3 to 4 days).
Put milk and turmeric paste in a pot and cook on medium heat.
Heat the mixture until steaming but not boiling. Some recipes call for boiling the mixture but prolonged heat can destroy the active ingredient curcumin.
The addition of oil boosts the health benefits of golden milk by supplying you with healthy fats and helping with joint lubrication and promoting cellular function. The oil also further increases turmeric absorption.
The drink has a nice golden yellow color, hence its name – golden milk.


Luxury sedans set high standards of excellence, but the 2016 Lincoln MKS raises the bar even higher. It is meticulously crafted to indulge with exquisite interiors, elegant performance, and a long list of sophisticated and advanced features. All of these are poised to transform your average daily commute.
The 2016 Lincoln MKS delivers the finest sedan experience for those who will never settle for less than the very best.
On the road, the 2016 Lincoln MKS quickly makes it masterful engineering known. It is powered by a 3.7L Ti-VCT V6 engine that adjusts performance for optimum fuel economy or power output depending on what you need as well as current driving conditions. It also utilizes direct-injection technology plus twin turbochargers for smoother maneuvers and acceleration.
In addition, driving assist features such as Curve Control, the AdvanceTrac® electronic stability control system, and available intelligent all-wheel drive (AWD) give you incredible control and stability on the road.
Every mile is a pleasure inside the 2016 Lincoln MKS. It is spacious and airy, and so hushed it creates a sanctuary for you on the road. No matter what the weather is outside, you can pre-warm or pre-cool this sedan for that perfect interior temperature. Keep your hands warm with the optional heated steering wheel, and enjoy enhanced efficiency from Remote Start and Stop.
Not only that, but rear seats can also be equipped with temperature control to ensure maximum passenger comfort. Raising the luxe are available features like premium wood trim and Bridge of Weir leather.
Lincoln has always been a true badge of luxury, and the 2016 Lincoln MKS is shining proof of this. It gives off an aura of understated yet supremely confident indulgence. Check out more of this sedan when you visit Lincoln dealerships near Pascagoula, MS.
Posted on October 10, 2016, in Auto, Business, Vehicle and tagged BaldwinMotorsLincoln, lincoln pascagoula ms. Bookmark the permalink.	Leave a comment.


Hello! My name is Jennifer Smith Jochen from Smith Curriculum and Consulting, and I am ECSTATIC to be here at Minds in Bloom with you today! I have been using interactive notebooks in some way, shape, or form for the past eight years and "officially" the correct way since fall of 2010. I have seen so many benefits with the usage of them over the past years, as well as grown and developed as a teacher to better help my students. Currently, I travel around and present not only about the benefits but also about how to implement them while sparking ideas in teachers to help them along their way.
So what is it about interactive notebooks that make them such a hot commodity in education? Why are they such a beneficial tool for students and teachers? What can classrooms and parents gain from their usage?
1. Interactive notebooks teach students to organize and synthesize their thoughts.
By working with students to create a process for them to organize their thinking, you will be able to teach study skills without "teaching" them. Processes build structure, and with use of left- and right-side pages, students will naturally organize their thoughts.
2. Interactive notebooks accommodate multiple learning styles at one time in (and out of) the classroom.
Whether you do teacher input activities as a whole group or as a small group, student output activities give students the ability to show exactly where they are in their understanding of the subject.
3. Student-teacher-parent interaction is built and strengthened with the use of interactive notebooks.
When students are working on homework at home with their interactive notebooks, not only will students be able to use them, but parents will also be able to have a resource into the learning that is taking place in the classroom.
4. Students are building a portfolio that allows for teachers to track growth over time.
Reflections of what students are learning in their output pages (as well as the work shown) will show how they are synthesizing the information learned in class, and as students develop further skills, this will be reflected in their output. These reflections are great to show during parent-teacher conferences and even discuss during student-teacher conferences.
5. Interactive notebooks have students create a resource to use as they continue to extend their learning.
An interactive notebook works as a textbook for students that is theirs. Not only are they taking beneficial notes, practicing, and reflecting on material, but they are also using that information as they work on future activities. Students are going back and reviewing the prior pages repeatedly and therefore building exposure to the material each time.
6. Students take ownership of their learning through color and creativity.
One of the main things that helps students to buy in to the use of interactive notebooks is not the benefits they can see from it but the ability for it to be their own. When students know, and are allowed, to use color in their notebooks, it makes their notes come alive. Using colored paper, markers, colored pencils, etc. makes it easier to sort information and group things together. This creativity also sparks the visual learning when they are expected to remember and apply the information at a later date.
7. Interactive notebooks reduce clutter in the classroom, as well as in students' lives.
By having students take all of their notes and then also practice and reflect in one location, it allows for them to be organized. Therefore, it eliminates excess papers being lost and misplaced when students would benefit from using them as they learn.
Are you looking into starting interactive notebooks in your classroom? I've compiled several of my resources into an Interactive Notebooks Starter Pack to help you get started or even to enhance what you are already doing in your classroom. Just click on the image below to grab your copy.
I have been an educator since 2004 with experience in elementary school, middle school, and college. Math has been my passion since a young age, which no doubt resulted in my secondary math-teaching career. Currently, I am a Differentiated Curriculum Designer and Consultant traveling the nation to train teachers on the effectiveness of interactive notebooks and differentiation in the math classroom. When I am not traveling and training, I live in Fort Worth, TX with my husband, Billy, and our three dachshunds. I spend time blogging at Smith Curriculum and Consulting and creating resources for my TpT store.
Oh, Jennifer I think you've just convinced me to get off the fence! I've been "sort of" using interactive notebooks but definitely not "officially" or in the correct way! I love that students can use them as a resource to refer back to and the organization and portfolio of learning aspect of them are an added bonus!
LOVE this post! I started seriously using Interactive Notebooks during Math this year and my scores have soared! There was one day where we took regular notes and my kids were NOT engaged at all. That really showed me the value of the interactive notes we were doing. My only regret is that I didn't take enough pictures of my students putting their together every day – it would have been a great blog post!
This is where you put incoming information: notes, data, and so on.
Print them out and tape them in.
While I know that many research studies state the opposite for Input/Output placement I have been working this way because it is what my brain understands. I have seen success doing it this way with my students as well. I am a proponent of "Your Notebook May Vary" and tell teachers all the time to do what works for them and their students.
Thank you so much for sharing. Question: How do you deal with the situation of having a student who constantly leaves his or her notebook at home?
I have had students leave them home but not constantly. It usually happens once or twice. In those cases, they do the work/notes on separate paper and tape them on to the pages where they belong. That way, everyone still stays on the same page. I also have never had a student completely lose a spiral. I usually have extra spirals and get them caught up as best I can (they usually come in before school or during a study hall to photocopy what is missing). Nine times out of 10, we find the spiral within two days! My biggest issue is that the covers sometimes rip off. Students have kept their spirals in a gallon bag, and this year, I switched to a harder-backed spiral made from recycled products.
I am interested in using the interactive notebook for my cosmetology class. I would like some ideals.
As a parent of a special education student, I personally loathe the INB. My son struggles w/this "INB" it's a disaster. everything is out of order, he loses worksheets because they get torn (because even when they get glued in they stick out or only partially glued in) or not glued in properly.
I often have to try and organize it for him which is difficult when I dont know what goes where.
What I wouldnt do to have a textbook at least as a backup.
An INB does not help my son who has severe adhd w/a math disability to stay organized at all. It just emphasizes and expresses how his brain works. It's his chaotic unorganized distracted frustrated brain all in a 3d miracle INB.
It's just one more thing for him to worry about.
This idea assumes that anyone can do it, and it's just not the case for us.
I know because this is the second year we have been dealing w/this INB.
At least w/a binder he could just put them in the binder w/o worrying about glueing something in, and if those get lost at least he would have a textbook to fall back on.
I also have adhd, and he brings these apparently "miracle inb" and I just feel so helpless because it is not helpful. It hurts my brain just to look at it, I know his view is not much different. I want to throw it across the room, set it on fire and throw it in the trash.
I dont see why INB and textbooks cant work in unison.
You can tell me how great it is, but for us it just isnt.
I miss the textbook at least it was legible and organized, everything my son's INB is not.
He even has an SE teacher to help keep it organized and it's still not enough and this takes time away from doing other things like working on classwork that he is behind on.
Can you tell me what Im missing?
Sorry that I am just now replying to your comment but I haven't looked at comments on this post in quite some time as I'm not notified of them being here.
When I had students who struggled with this I tended to do more for them before they received their information to put it in their notebook. They also scheduled a weekly tutoring session with me to make sure we were up to date on everything in their notebook.
Another step that I did with some students is they would only have one unit at a time in a pronged folder so that was their interactive notebook. Having too much in one location was overwhelming and this allowed for them to focus on the one unit.
Awwww man! I missed the freebie!
Interactive notebooks are used as a great tool to teach students how to be organized and reduce clutter. They also help build a parent/teacher interaction The teacher will be able to track information about the growth of the students and at the same time the students will be able to use his/her interactive notebook as a resource.
Interactive notebooks are used to organize and synthetize their thoughts. they are also used to establish parent/teacher interaction and a resource for the student. Most of all , the teacher will be able to track the student growth over time and reduce clutter.
Great way to track students ' progress and to reduce clutter. I would use it for both science and math.
I'm with Amber. INB are the bane of my ADHD child's life. Unless the teacher is there to help on an almost daily basis, INB are harming my child's development and performance. So far, not one teacher has been willing to help him. They get frustrated and say, "Why can't he follow along? I told him what to do!" No, my delayed-development, executive dis-functioning, can't-follow-3-step instructions child can not follow along!! He simply can not track, organize and multi-task all the parts that go into an INB. He can learn the curriculum and academically out perform 90% of his classmates if allowed to demonstrate his understanding with traditional assessments. But he is not a book editor or a scrapbooker. Jennifer, what is your special education background? Teachers, what is your plan to assist special needs students through the implementation of INB? If you do not have a specific plan that includes ALL the students in your classroom, then you should NOT USE INB!!
Thank you for your comment. Actually I am Sprcial Education certified and have been since 2011. My Resource Math students as well as the students in my regular classes with accommodations flourished with Interactive Notebooks each year. A students notebook is their own source of notes and a teacher lays the foundation through teaching for what is to go in them.
Does your son require extra time? Fine, make sure a copy is provided so he can catch up. Or have him go in for tutoring regularly to make sure the gaps are filled.
Does he need alternative ways to complete the work? Make sure the teacher is providing those based on the accommodations required on his IEP.
Each lesson with an INB is just as different as each teacher. My lessons were never overly complicated for a student to cut/glue and in fact they only had two directions- 1. Cut on the dash 2. Fold on the bold.
I hope this helps and that you take the time review your child's needs with the teacher(s) do that you can see how beneficial INBs are to develop students understanding, study skills, and so much more.


This course is ideal for workers in workshops, warehouses, garages, mine sites and anywhere that has an overhead gantry crane. This unit is not a high risk work licence unit.
The training for this unit is for an overhead gantry crane that has no more than 3 powered motions and is not cabin controlled. There is also a Lifting Operations unit RIIHAN203D that is delivered in conjunction with the gantry crane course.
Course cost is $500 per person.


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Diagonally: The primary mission of the School of Art and Visual Studies at the University of Kentucky is to link the study of art and visual culture to the broad aims of the University's undergraduate liberal arts tradition by providing world-class instruction in the history, theory, and practice of art. To this basic mission SA/VS adds opportunities for advanced study through undergraduate professional programs and graduate instruction. The school aims to educate all of their students not just to be competitive in arts-related careers as professional artists, educators, and scholars, but also to prepare them for future challenges in fields outside the arts; and to foster their future endeavors as audiences and patrons of the arts.
Through research and service SA/VS maintains it's long and distinguished tradition of contributing to the cultural matrix of the Commonwealth. As researchers and creative individuals they strive to advance the frontiers of knowledge in their respective disciplines, achieving and maintaining recognition at the regional, national, and international levels.
The school serves the campus and wider community by bringing what they have learned home to Kentucky, through professional exhibitions and by sharing our knowledge and experiences as contributors to the local and regional arts landscapes.
The School of Art and Visual Studies' award-winning renovated building preserves the local history of its 1899 origins as a tobacco processing plant while also being full of open and airy spaces meant to foster creativity.
I knew that they would need a modern, simple and adaptive identity system to showcase a wide range of events, exhibitions and lectures.
The slash in the acronym became the obvious choice to turn into the basis of the schools visual identity system. The slash became larger than life as a separator of content, window for images and counter point for striking and compelling images typical of a renowned art community. The diagonals, rhombuses and lines broke the confines of the grid and yet helped organize the information. The slash became important in the way-finding and signage applications as well.
Knowing that there would be an endless stream of inspiring images to work with inherent to visual arts, we let the images dictate the color palette without any reservations. The shapes remained constant but the colors shifted with each piece.
The end result is that any event associated with the school was instantly recognizable. There was also a sense of community and acceptance apparent in the students, faculty, visiting artists and patrons alike. They belonged and owned the slash.


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Liverpool 2022/23 Anfield tickets – Everything you need to know
Joanna Durkan
Tickets to Anfield are much sought after but hard to get when demand far exceeds supply, but what do we know of the situation ahead of the 2022/23 season?
Another season is fast approaching and Jurgen Klopp's Reds are to provide plenty of entertainment and moments to celebrate, with more than one piece of silverware on the wishlist.
And while the club are in the process of adding a further 7,000 seats with the expansion of the Anfield Road end, it is not to come in time for the 2022/23 campaign.
Nevertheless, Anfield is primed for another season in front of a full-capacity crowd and that makes for slight tweaks to how the club have addressed the ticket situation.
Here's what you need to know.
The club have confirmed that season ticket prices remained frozen for the seventh consecutive year, while single match ticket prices are not expected to change.
The highest price for an adult remains £59 (Main Stand) and the lowest £37 (Kop), the exception to that is if one qualifies as a local ticket holder, who can access a ticket for £9.
The maximum for an over 65 ticket is £44, while for a young adult it is £29.50 – both for seats in the Main Stand.
Liverpool are not short on members within the fan base and for those without a season ticket, this is your access card to all competitions – but there is never a guarantee you'll land a ticket.
All members must register interest for two sale periods (July and November)
July period (games up until December 31); November period (remaining home games)
Guaranteed tickets for members with at least 13 credits from 2018/19 or 2019/20
Members with 12 or less credits must enter ballot for each match selected
It is important to note that one membership buys only one ticket per game.
Members can register their interest for league tickets for the first half of the season HERE from Monday, July 4 at 10am (BST) to Thursday, July 7 at 7.30am.
Tickets for cup competitions are advertised on a game-by-game basis but credits from 2019/20 will be used to have first access before any other sale.
If you're starting afresh, be sure to keep an eye out on the ticket page on Liverpool's website for sale times, any late availability or sales without the need for credits – you have to be persistent!
You can sign up for an official Liverpool FC club membership here.
Auto-cup scheme
The scheme for season ticket holders and members is for all cup campaigns – Champions League, FA Cup and League Cup.
Once approved, you will remain in the scheme for the duration of Liverpool's time in each competition, your payments are automatically taken and your assigned Anfield seat remains the same.
Eligibility for the auto-cup scheme for 2022/23 is based on home credits from 2019/20, and you will need the following ticket history:
Champions League –
FA Cup –
League Cup –
Season ticket holders and members can enrol in one, two or all three competitions if they are eligible, but there is no guarantee you will be successful due to demand.
Anfield Road End Extension
The work to increase the capacity of Anfield to 61,015 is ongoing and on schedule to be ready for the 2023/24 season, but, importantly, it is not to disrupt this coming campaign.
Like the Main Stand before it, the structure is being built behind the existing Anfield Road end before it joins the existing stand after the truss is in place and the roof removed.
Both of these significant developments could come before the end of the year, but the latter may instead take place at the conclusion of the campaign.
It will be one to keep an eye on each time you visit Anfield this season that's for sure!
Fans, Season 2022/23, Tickets
Bellingham hope, March fixtures & Anfield update – Latest LFC News
15 new Anfield Road expansion photos as stand continues to take shape
Stefan Bajcetic admits "surprise" at Liverpool breakthrough – with Thiago's help
2 Liverpool fixtures moved for TV – with Man United date confirmed
Jurgen Klopp explains why he "doesn't believe" in press conferences
Defender Liverpool sold for £13.5m in new blow as loan ended amid progress fears
Liverpool's half-term report: Reds need to get their s**t together – and fast
Defence, Bajcetic & Salah – 3 positives & 3 negatives from Liverpool 0-0 Chelsea
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Hans Christian Andersen was a prolific author, writing plays, novels and poetry, however he is best remembered for his wonderful fairy tales. He wrote both children's stories as well as themes that transcend age and nationality.
His fairy tales have been translated into over 125 languages and tell lessons of both virtue and resilience in the face of adversity that speak to children and mature readers. We have curated a wonderful collection of gifts for anyone who loves his work as we do.


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'Local people don't like change' - Bollywood club owner reveals Prince of Wales Road struggle
Owner, Mo Ali, standing outside the bollywood nightclub Karishma - Credit: Archant
The owner of a new Bollywood themed club in Norwich has faced a 'big fight' convincing people to visit the club since opening in May.
Mo Ali opened Karishma in 15 Prince of Wales Road, the former home of Illusions Bar and Club, and regrets not waiting until September for students.
Whilst business is picking up now during Freshers' Week, Mr Ali admits he opened at the wrong time and it was a mistake thinking he could capture the local market.
Mr Ali said: 'From May it was quite disastrous and there was lots of issues with the Bollywood theme as people thought that was all we do but we play commercial songs all night with R'n'B and Hip Hop and just wanted to play a few tracks, create an ambience and host a few themed nights.
'Lots of people had the misconception it was just for Indians or Asians so just walked past and it's been a big fight trying to convince people otherwise but students are the complete opposite and love the whole concept.
'I knew I would have an issue as local people don't like change and everyone is set in what they like and no one likes changing routine but now the students are back it's been going really well.
READ MORE: Norwich Italian restaurant shortlisted for two national awards'I wanted to do something different that was not available in Norwich and I wouldn't say I've made a mistake but I struggled and lost a lot of money and should have waited for students.'
Mr Ali, who opened the club with a friend, has a background in the restaurant trade and also owns Gali Bangladeshi restaurant in Upper St Giles and Quality takeaway in Heartsease.
Bottles inside bollywood nightclub Karishma - Credit: Archant
He also says that owning a business in Prince of Wales Road is a 'struggle' as it's reliant on strong Saturday night trade and having themed nights.
Mr Ali added: 'The nightlife scene is not good at the moment in terms of trade.
'I probably speak for most of the businesses on this road now I've got to know the owners and it's that one Saturday doing exceptionally good trade and the rest of the week is a struggle unless you've got a specific themed night you've built up over time on the weekdays.
READ MORE: Brickmakers could be saved with community asset status bid'For example you've got Thursday at Mantra, they do spectacularly well, and have built up trade with students over the years.'
Over the coming months, Mr Ali wants to launch his own club nights on a Wednesday with nostalgia music and once he's 'built business a bit more' wants to host famous Asian DJs and dancers in the club.


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Currently, election officials cannot start that process until 7 a.m. on election day.
Allow postmarks on mail-in ballots to count
Ballots that are mailed in must be received by the local elections office by 8 p.m. on Nov. 3 to count. Currently, postmarks do not count.
Wolf wants to see that change. He proposes allowing the postmarks to count. The ballots would need to be received by the local elections office no later than the Friday after the election.
Send out mail-in ballots earlier
The governor wants to require counties to send mail-in ballots at least 28 days before the election. Currently, counties are required to send them out 14 days in advance.
Wolf said this will help ensure that voters can fill out the ballots and return them earlier. It also will give counties more time to prepare for votes to be counted on election day.
He noted that this is particularly important with the disruption for the postal service.
More:Election 2020: Who's on the ballot in central Pennsylvania?
More:Former Republican Pa. Gov. Tom Ridge: Election Day could be election month without reform
More:Prepaid postage will be included for mail-in ballots for the 2020 general election in Pa.
Fill vacant poll worker positions earlier
Counties need more flexibility with filling vacant poll worker positions, Wolf said.
Currently, election offices only have five days prior to the election to fill vacancies, and the governor wants to allow vacancies to be filled earlier.
"They need more time than that," he said. "They deserve more time than that."
Poll workers are needed for the upcoming election.
Want to vote in-person early?
For voters who wish to cast a ballot in person but don't want to head to the polls on election day, there's another option, Pennsylvania Department of State Secretary Kathy Boockvar said during the news conference.
Head to the local elections office early.
Voters can apply for a mail-in ballot at the office. If approved, they can receive the ballot, fill it out and turn it in. All of it can be done in one visit, she said.
This option will be available to voters for most of October.
She urged voters to contact their local elections office to check on the hours and location before heading there.


There aren't many teams in the state capable of replacing top-notch Division I talent on a yearly basis. For the John Tyler Lions, that isn't a problem.
Despite losing QB Bryson Smith to the University of Houston and graduating one of the top wide receivers in the state in Damion Miller, the Lions still find themselves among the best teams in the state.
Heading into Friday's non-district showdown against the Lufkin Panthers, the Lions sport a perfect 2-0 record. John Tyler is the 12th-ranked team in the latest Associated Press poll and it was also the preseason No. 23 team in Dave Campbell's Texas Football.
All those factors mean the Lions are sure to provide the Panthers with a big-time test when the teams continue their rivalry on Friday night.
"Any time you're talking about John Tyler, they're going to have big-time athletes," Lufkin head coach Todd Quick said.
Taking the reins for the Lions is QB Devlen Woods. He was a receiver on last season's team who caught five passes for 89 yards and a touchdown.
He has filled in nicely at quarterback this season. Last week he threw for 147 yards on 8-of-15 passing with four touchdowns. Those three scores helped turn a 17-7 deficit into a 27-17 lead in a 27-23 victory.
Ke'Andre Street was the team's leading receiver in that game with a pair of catches for 72 yards that included a 30-yard score.
Jaivon Williams also had a pair of touchdown receptions last week while Roderick Hawkins caught a touchdown pass.
However, John Tyler has done more of its damage on the ground this season with Cameron Grant being the top threat. He started the season with a 200-yard game in a 49-13 season-opening win over Plano West. In that game, John Tyler finished with more than 500 yards on the ground.
Last week, he ran for 88 yards against an Ennis defense that held the Lions to a total of 253 yards.
He is running behind a talented offensive line. Offensive tackle Chance Billington recently committed to play for SMU starting next season.
On the defensive side, John Tyler has been strong in the first two games. The Lions were dominant in the opening win over Plano West.
In last week's game, John Tyler fell in a 17-7 hole in the final two minutes of the first half but didn't allow another score until 20 seconds remained in the game.
Martrevious Allison is the leading returning playmaker for John Tyler after making 118 tackles last season.
On the defensive line, DeKalen Goodson and Tabias Marshall promise to be disruptive forces.
Tyus Grayson and Nick Thompson are a pair of playmakers in the secondary.
Nacogdoches had a pair of leads before Lufkin took control with 21 straight points.
That came after a season-opening 35-16 loss to Longview in a game Lufkin trailed by four points late in the third quarter.
Kickoff for Friday's night's game is set for 7:30.


She worked three jobs to pay off her husband's gambling debts, only to see him leave to be with another woman 15 years ago.
It was a tough time in Madam Ling Bee Sian's life, but she focused all her energy on work and supporting her two children, then aged 17 and 20 .
Madam Ling, now 63 and the director of nursing at a nursing home, is the winner of this year's Exemplary Mother Award, which was presented by President Tony Tan Keng Yam at Mandarin Orchard Hotel yesterday.
The annual award, first given out in 1993 by Jamiyah Singapore, honours mothers who contribute to society while raising their families in the face of difficulties.
Some 65 mothers were nominated this year.
I've never felt that difficult times are the worst times. I feel that they are the best time for children to learn. Most importantly, it's how you are going to overcome this challenge (before you). Once you do, it will make the family stronger.
Yesterday's award ceremony included a charity fashion show featuring the works of three Singaporean fashion designers as well as a batik artist.
For Madam Ling, the most challenging period was when she and her then husband were deciding if they should separate, figuring out how to handle their assets and who should take care of the children.
"For me, money can be earned any time but I can't do that with my children. Once we separated, I never ever thought of remarrying again," she said.
Instead, she invested all her efforts in her son and daughter, who are her greatest motivation.
At one point, she fell down a two-storey-high flight of stairs during a period of depression, causing nerve damage to the left side of her face. But she knew she had to stay strong for her family.
She now has four grandchildren, aged between 22 months and 10 years. Her daughter, 35, is an occupational therapist and her son, 32, who is also in healthcare, is an operations executive.
"We cried together, but we enjoy life together now because we see the fruit (of our struggles)," she said.
"I've never felt that difficult times are the worst times. I feel that they are the best time for children to learn," she said.
"Most importantly, it's how you are going to overcome this challenge (before you). Once you do, it will make the family stronger."
Also among the five finalists was a teacher, Dr Alimah Lob, who received her doctorate at the age of 65 after getting a bachelor's degree 10 years before that.
Image consultant Betty Yu, 54, who took courses to run her own home business after her husband was paralysed from the neck down after a car accident in 2005, was another finalist.


All items are Near Mint or better. If you have any questions feel free to ask.
The item "#5/5 Andrew Luck Russell Wilson Drew Brees Aaron Rodgers 2014 Topps Supreme Auto" is in sale since Saturday, April 6, 2019. This item is in the category "Sports Mem, Cards & Fan Shop\Sports Trading Cards\Football Cards".
The seller is "emoncards" and is located in Winter Park, Florida. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Egypt, Iceland, Cambodia, Cayman islands, Sri lanka, Luxembourg, Macao, Oman, Uruguay.


Find popular flights departing Melbourne airport. With hundreds of airlines available on Lastminute.com.au, finding cheap airfares has never been easier.
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So your package has arrived in the U.S., and it's now a matter of one or two days before it arrives in your hands, right? Wrong. The processing of international packages is one of the most inefficient, convoluted systems of the many governmental agencies that your tax dollars fund. Your status reveals something obscure like "Inbound out of customs" or some other nonsensical cluster of words. Regardless, the phrasing is completely misleading. At worst, it means that the plane carrying your package has landed at the airport. It does NOT mean that it's gone through Customs. All packages from Singapore and India automatically go through Customs, regardless of what they contain. Customs doesn't appear to answer to anyone, so if your package is more than 3 days with that status, CBP (Customs and Border Patrol) are the ones who have it.
What it also means is that USPS can't (or won't) touch your problem. While the USPS does see a different screen than we see when tracking packages, they have no access to reasons why Customs is holding a package. The ISC employees have been requesting that the language get changed, because they apparently haven't even gotten their hands on the package yet and they're being made to answer for it.
The laws are vague, so they're abused. The CBP is allowed to hold anything from certain foreign locales (like the aforementioned) for any reason, usually under the guise it might be cigarettes or illicit or unapproved drugs. Most often they're looking for fentanyl or heroin, but they'll hold any package for any reason, and there's no recourse. There are no listed contact numbers, no chain of command, no place to complain or inquire. Sometimes the holdup is actually that the palette of packages going to the same region isn't full and they're waiting for it to be worth breaking a sweat to move it to the next department.
My current package arrived last week after a 40-day wait. In general, a wait itself was nothing new, although this was my longest wait in 15 years. And wha-what?? No regretful serenade? No "we're so sorry!" stamp? No explanation for its unlawful detainment? No sign that my confiscated package had been inspected in any way whatsoever? Frankly, my package could've contained a great number of illegal things that clearly sniff hounds and sub-par machinery couldn't detect, but looking at it this very moment coated mostly with dust, except for a swipe the postal worker might have used to stick it in my mailbox, it seems like it got neither love nor hate during its time in the mail clink.
Here's a link I found on the CBP website that gives instructions on how to trace your package, excuses for why they have it, blame that they shift on others, rights they have to hold it, etc. Good luck.


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Rarely does a coating fail because of only one contributing factor. Rather, it is usually two or more factors working in conjunction that cause a coating to fail on a...
By: Louis D. Vincent | Owner, L.D. "Lou" Vincent PHD LLC
Improving Pipeline Emissions: The Role of Flange Isolation Kits
Epoxy Coatings 101: What Kind to Use and When
An Innovative Solution to Traditional Plastic Isolation Gaskets
Solvent Recycling: Acetone, MEK, Lacquer Thinner and Toluene
Modeling Corrosion and Corrosion Protection
Bituminous Coatings
A Guide to Flash Rust Prevention and Protection


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Rukmini Devi (Bharata Natya)
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Item Code: NAM171
Author: Conrad Woldring and C. Nachiappan
Publisher: Kalakshetra Publications, Chennai
Pages: 83 (Throughout B/W Illustrations)
Cover: Hardcover
Other Details 14.5 inch x 9.5 inch
Born in a family of scholars and exposed to the principles of Theosophy due to her father's association with the Theosophical Movement and its leaders like Annie Besant and others, Rukmini Devi grew up with a sense of freedom of thought and expression. In her teens her friendship with George Arundale, an associate of Besant, culminated in their marriage, which in turn earned her the friendship of great artists and scholars, one among them being Anna Pavlove, the world renowned Ballerina.
Her attraction to the classical western dance slowly veered her interest towards Bharatanatya, the classical dance of South India, which she mastered even after starting to learn it in her early thirties. This led her to establishing the Kalakshetra at Chennai, the internationally acclaimed school of dance, music and allied arts. Many stalwarts in these artistic fields came to help her nurture this institution. This institution also endeavoured to inculcate the traditional values in its wards.
Rukmini Devi and Bharatanatya is all about her childhood, her marriage to Arundale, her life as a dancer, the founding of Kalakshetra, her pioneering work in the field of art as well as for the welfare of animals. Her association with and the recognition she won from internationally famous artists, scholars and world leaders are revealed through text and photographs in this book..
Many of Rukmini Devi's admirers all over the world expressed a wish to write a biography of her many faceted personality. It is unfortunate that such a book never came out during her life time. She often mentioned to me about her photographs and their importance of being preserved for posterity; though I have been aware of this, I could not find the time somehow to put them together. It has been possible for me now to do this work after I took sanyasa, when I became free from other business pressures.
I am not a writer, but many people who were intimately connected with Rukmini Devi have either passed on, have either passed on, or have retired; therefore I am left with this work to complete.
Smt Rukmini Devi has been a phenomenon in the cultural history of South India; a most beautiful woman of her time, with grace and dignity befitting a cultured family. She created history in the early 1930s with her debut as an accomplished Bharata Natya dancer at the age of 30!
I have had the good fortune to work with her for almost 50 years till the end of her life in 1986. Day biography should be written about her epoch making life. I have tried in this book an illustrative biography covering 50 years of her outstanding artistic work through these photographs.
I came into contact with Rukmini Devi, when I was studying in the Besant Memorial School at the young age of 12, not realising that it was she who would become the catalyst in bringing out my talents in art. Mr. Conrad Woldring was my teacher in art and photography in my school days from 1937 to 1941, through whom I met her for the first time became intimately connected with her through him. He was an outstanding man, a young theosophist from Holland, who came all the way from his own country to help her work. After he passed away (electrocuted) in 1941, Rukmini Devi saw me through school and college, after which I came to assist her Kalakshetra, working as her personal assistant, in connection with her art activity and as a lay-out man and photographer. During this time I started photographing her work and continued to record all her dance dramas till 1976.
In the days of Conrad woldring there was no colour photography He was adept in black and white pictures, which he produced by proper tonal rendition and contrast. This was to be achieved by proper lighting, akin to daylight conditions, that is, sun as the main light source (like a big solar spotlight) and the sky light as a fill in for the shadows. This lighting technique, was called "available light" photography. The photographs of Rukmini Devi were exposed into the slow black and white film with a main spot light and a fill in light for shadows, (like in the available light technique) small aperture of the lens to increase the depth of field and enhance the overall sharpness. It was remarkable in those days a Rollei camera (Rollei flex) he used was able to make remarkable sharpness in the negatives produced, so that big blowup could be made with least grain.
It is not so easy to expose black and white films, as tonal rendition;
Contrast has to be brought about in single black and white colour. Conrad was adept as a photographer with his only 75 mm Rollei (as Hasseblad, Linholf cameras were not available in those days.) One camera with a tripod and no dark room (as outside photo labs took care of developing and printing) was his philosophy. This brought about his artistic merit in Rukmini Devi's early pictures done 60 years ago.
Besides photography, he also wrote music for children. His "Bambino" composed for children was appreciated by no less a person than Dr. Montessori, who was a pioneer in children's education. His sketches and caricatures were superb too, just right for reproduction in those days, as half tones were difficult to reproduce without art paper.
During his time in India book layouts and ad layouts were nonexistent, therefore his design and layout for the dance programmes of Rukmini Devi enhanced the artistic value of the presentation. His early contribution of design books for the Theosophical Society and Rukmini Devi were very valuable indeed. I am grateful to him and Rukmini Devi for giving me an opportunity to learn photography, layout and designing (during my games period) as he was free only in the evening (and I disliked games, anyway!)
This is the first time that most of her early photographs, the negatives of which were passed on to me by conrad Woldring in 1941, along with those I made of her work from 1941 to 1976, are being published in a book form in two volumes. Volume I deals with Rukmini Devi as a young dancer and her early work and Volume II deals with the dance dramas produced by her during well over 30 years. I have endeavoured to preserve the continuity of her work from her early days till 1986, when she passed away from our midst.
These negatives taken during the 50 years are about 5000 in number and have been well preserved over the years for posterity, thanks to the advanced technical means available today.
I have chose articles by Betsan Coats, James Cousins, K, Chandrasekaran,
Sarada Hoffman, Barbara Sellon, Dr. Arundale, Se Muthia who closely associated with Rukmini Devi, and those by Rukmini Devi herself, written earlier on different occasions.
I wish to thank Ms Lakshmi Venkatraman, who helped me to edit and proof read the text, Mr. Prem Kumar of Rapid Scan and Mr. Arun Verghese of Lokwani Hallmark Press who cooperated in printing these volumes.
1 Early days, in her own word
2 The Bright Star
3 It all began
4 Besant School, early days and early plays
5 Ambassador of the Arts
6 Rukmini Devi's Dance: a spiritual myatery
7 Ravival of Bharata Natya
8 Iternational Academy of the Arts
9 Guru
10 Concept of Culture
11 Bharata Natya
12 A Rebel's Legacy, a Cultural Empire
13 ViPS at Kalakshetra
14 Weaving Designs
15 Kalakshetra Publications
16 Rukmini Devi on her Life and Art
Rukmini Devi (Dance Drama)
Publisher Kalakshetra Publications, Chennai
Rukmini Devi (A Life)
By Leela Samson
Bharatanatyam: How to? (A Step-by-Step Approach to Learn the Classical Dance form)
By Jayalakshmi Eshwar
Essence of Nattuvangam (Bharathanatyam Guide Book)
By Kamala Rani
India's Dances: Their History, Technique and Repertoire
By Reginald Massey
Neo Desi Karanas (A Sequential Link)
By Sundari Santhanam
Dance Drama (In Theory and Practice)
By S. Ramaratnam
Exquisiteness of Indian Classical Dance (Rasa & Bhava)
By Utpal K. Banerjee and Leela Vankataraman
RHYTHM INCARNATE: (Tribute to Shanti Bardhan)
By GUL BARDHAN
Knowledge Tradition Text: Approaches to Bharata's Natyasastra
By Amrit Srinivasan
Hastha Prayogaah (Vocabulary of Hand Gestures in Bharatanatyam)
Dhananjayan on Indian Classical Dance
Publisher B.R. Publishing Corporation
Bharatanatyam (Prathibha Prahlad)
By Alka Raghuvanshi
The Art of Kathakali
By Avinash C. Pandeya


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Toronto School Board Trustee Who Denounced Antisemitic Materials 'Vindicated' After Vote to Reject Censure
Skyline of Toronto, Canada, June, 2020. Photo: Aaron Davis / Wikimedia Common
In a vote hailed as a "vindication" by Canadian Jewish groups, a Toronto school board rejected on Wednesday night an effort to censure a Jewish member who was accused of Islamophobia after she denounced antisemitism.
The Toronto District School Board had launched an investigation of trustee Alexandra Lulka after she reviewed unapproved teacher's manuals about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict distributed by equity advisor Javier Davila, and tweeted that their content was "virulently anti-Israel and even antisemitic" and justifying of "suicide bombings and other forms of terrorism."
The TDSB Human Rights Office (HRO) initially found that the materials "could reasonably be considered to contain antisemitic material, references, or allusions," and that resources they linked to could "support the use of violence and terrorism against Israeli Jews." In particular, it cited links to the website of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and interviews with known terrorists.
But on May 21, Davila complained, prompting TDSB to investigate Lulka for harassment, improper influencing of an investigation, and defamation of a TDSB employee. Despite clearing Lulka of those charges, the TDSB Integrity Commission nonetheless accused her of anti-Muslim and anti-Palestinian bigotry, recommending that she be censured by the TDSB Board of Trustees.
That recommendation was rejected by the board's trustees Wednesday, by a 10-7 margin.
B'nai Brith Canada called the result the "only justifiable decision" in what was "nothing but a contrived witch-hunt."
"There was never any basis for censuring Trustee Lulka," said CEO Michael Mostyn. "However, this saga is far from over. The TDSB needs to come clean about its initial handling of this issue in May, as well as its deeply failed investigation. B'nai Birth will not rest until the entire truth is revealed and systemic antisemitism is defeated at the TDSB."
In a statement, B'nai Brith recalled events in 2017, when it "chided the TDSB for adopting an overly broad definition of Islamophobia that could muzzle criticism of Palestinian terrorism against Israelis"— noting further that Davila, the subject of Lulka's criticism, is neither Muslim nor Palestinian.
The Friends of Simon Wiesenthal Center (FSCW), which had written earlier to TDSB "expressing alarm" about the possible censure of Lulka, also cheered the decision.
"We commend each and every TDSB trustee who voted in support of Trustee Alexandra Lulka and her right to speak out against antisemitism," said Michael Levitt, FSWC CEO and President. "The trustees understood that censure would set a chilling precedent and impact trustees' abilities to stand up to hate and discrimination."
Said the Center for Israel and Jewish Affairs (CIJA) on Twitter, "Trustee Lulka has been vindicated. The Integrity Commissioner's report and the recommendations that flowed from it relied solely on the conclusions of an investigator whose impartiality is in question."
"Now is the time for action, and we remain committed to supporting the Toronto District School Board in this important work which must move forward with urgency," the group said.


text:
The Right Way To Get Perfect Children's Toys
Liverpool seal £36m deal for RB Leipzig defender Ibrahima Konaté
Trust is key for the parents of children with rare diseases to live without anxiety
Manage Words
News for nerds
December 29, 2021 January 6, 2022 deals-onnet
Toys are more than just a way to kill time. They are tools to teach them about the world and to stimulate their imaginations. It is important that each child has the right toys. Here are some suggestions to help Read more
Business, Lifestyle, Technology
June 9, 2021 June 3, 2021 deals-onnet
The 22-year-old central defender will officially become a Liverpool player on 1 July having finalised personal terms last month and passed a medical. Konaté, whose transfer is subject to international clearance and a work permit, was Jürgen Klopp's first choice Read more
The parents of children with rare diseases face exceptional circumstances which influence their role as parents. Sometimes, the role of caregivers is added to that of parents. On other occasions, especially with the most serious cases, the former becomes more Read more
Orcel cuts size of Santander claim on eve of job offer case
Italian banker Andrea Orcel has cut his claim against Santander over a rescinded offer to make him chief executive by tens of millions of euros, sources said and a court document seen by Reuters on the eve of a hearing Read more
Merlin Labs wants to fill the sky with pilotless planes carrying cargo and passengers
Autonomous flight startup Merlin Labs is coming out of stealth mode to announce that it's raised $25 million in funding from Google Ventures and First Round Capital. The company has also struck a deal with aviation services contractor Dynamic Aviation Read more
Frugal mum teaches her son to cook his own school lunches – that cost just 15p a day
A frugal mum who was sick of giving her son £2 a day to buy pasta at school has taught him how to make his own lunches – that cost just 15p per day. Stephie Lehrle decided it was time Read more
No regrets, insists Pirlo as Juventus sack him and confirm Allegri as manager
Andrea Pirlo said he had no regrets about taking the Juventus job after being sacked on Friday after one season as manager and replaced by Massimiliano Allegri. Pirlo was appointed with no senior coaching experience and led the reigning Serie Read more
Roots of major depression revealed in all its genetic complexity
A massive genome-wide association study (GWAS) of genetic and health records of 1.2 million people from four separate data banks has identified 178 gene variants linked to major depression, a disorder that will affect one of every five people during Read more
Deutsche Bank appoints U.S. general counsel to head anti-financial crime unit
Deutsche Bank has appointed Joe Salama, its U.S. general counsel, as global head of anti-financial crime and group anti money laundering officer, the bank said in a memo to employees on Tuesday. Germany's largest lender has been the subject of Read more
Nvidia teases GeForce RTX 3080 Ti announcement for May 31st
Nvidia is teasing a GeForce event for May 31st, the same day the company is rumored to be launching its new GeForce RTX 3080 Ti graphics card. A mysterious 11-second teaser video has appeared on Twitter today, simply revealing a Read more


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Окръг Нодъуей () е окръг в щата Мисури, Съединени американски щати. Площта му е 2274 km², а населението - 21 912 души (2000). Административен център е град Меривил.

Окръзи в Мисури

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


altilly SHEL (shelterDAO) Balance SheetWhat is this?
shelterDAO (SHEL) is trading in 5 markets at altilly.
shelterDAO is disrupting the real estate and service industry with blockchain technology. shelterDAO are crypto communities that operate using blockchain technology. shelterDAO is a new way of decentralizing real estate and services where users can connect peer to peer and get paid in crypto.


From the feathered to the furry to the fishy, The Game Cookbook brings what is good from the wild into your kitchen.
What do you think of The Game Cookbook by Clarissa Dickson-Wright and Johnny Scott?
When you buy the The Game Cookbook by Clarissa Dickson-Wright and Johnny Scott, you will earn of rewards points to spend next purchase from us, anything online and instore.
Grouse to the more exotic Caibou Roast or Wild Boar with Sour Plums and Sea Trout with Swiss Chard and Walnuts.
Furthermore, with charm and enthusiasm, Johnny Scott contributes a wealth of knowledge about the history and habitat of game and includes a fascinating essay on every species mentioned, complete with helpful hunting tips.
Beautifully illustrated, The Game Cookbook is a celebration of the incredible wild food the countryside has to offer and is now deservedly recognised as a classic the only book you'll ever need on the subject.


Do we know what PoE news we might see coming from GDC this week? Another design talk maybe? Or a gameplay video at last?
That'd be quite nice. I know we've been told Obs want to wait until the game is polished enough, but come on now. We know what Alpha means, right?
I know we've been told Obs want to wait until the game is polished enough, but come on now. We know what Alpha means, right?
It means the state DF is in, a game I play constantly.
Edited by lolaldanee, 17 March 2014 - 04:43 PM.
@dphanto Yes, Obsidian is revealing its secret project at GDC.
I hope it is a monkey-pony monster.
We have a similar definition of Alpha. Not only do we have all the features, but all of the content is in the game as well.
Wars have started over less.
I have a feeling his use of the word "content" is very general. As in, nothing's specifically missing. For example, it doesn't seem like polished spell animations/effects are considered additional content, but rather, "spell effects/animations" are considered a whole piece of content, with their quality/finalization being separate.
It can be alpha version of the content, as we've learnt before, they do everything in passes. So much of the content may be there, but the graphics are not yet painted over, animations are placeholder etc.
Complete does not mean complete in most cases. That's why it's called Alpha and not the finished game. I don't get why everyone is acting like it's ready to demo if it's in the first of two stages. I don't think there are any PoE-specific talks.
And as far as I know, PoE is going to Early Access.
But I think the thing that we're all forgetting here is that GDC is not a convention. It's a trade show, like E3 or the International Halloween Trade Show.
There's nothing wrong with showing alpha stage gameplay, I'd really love to see how combat looks at the moment and so on. I understand their concerns about how people might mistake alpha state for final polish though, which is why I'm not really expecting to see gameplay any time soon.
Still, it'd be pretty neat.
There are only two panels that Obsidian people will be at - MCA on a Writing Panel and Justin Bell for Stick of Truth at an Audio panel.
I have an idea of what the secret project might be. They're currently hiring for developers on a "highly stylized MMO." Feargus fairly recently mentioned some ideas.
"There's something we're talking about that would be really cool, but it's not an original property," he revealed. "It's a licensed property. But it's not Alpha Protocol!
"It's something we can still do a ton of creative stuff with, though. And then the other thing is an original property. Also, there's a third thing that somebody approached us with, but I really don't think that's going to work out."
This is forward-thinking and a necessity for a 100-plus-sized studio such as Obsidian. Only 15 people are making Eternity, more or less, while the rest are finishing South Park: The Stick of Truth, now a Ubisoft game. That's a lot of people to keep busy.
I thought MMOs were dying? People still care about them?
The secret project is out, it's called Armored Warfare. Some sort of Counter Strike, but with tanks.
Some of your quotes sound like they were said before South Park was announced.
WoW clones are dying. F2P tank games are alive and well.
Yeah I suppose that is true.
That's a great thing to say about a company you care about and their new product.
I didn't read any malice in that ... I've asked the same question myself. I thought F2P MMOs were as passe as hipsters already.
I am disappoint, but I understand contract work, and want Obsidian to thrive, more than I want my personal demands expectations to be fulfilled.


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Jason Allen Fowler (born January 21, 1971) is an American Christian musician, who plays a Christian pop, Christian rock and Christian country style of contemporary worship and gospel music. He has released two studio albums, Letters from the Inside (2014) and I Fall In (2016).

Early and personal life
Fowler was born, Jason Allen Fowler, on January 21, 1971, in Atlanta, Georgia, to parents Terrel and Jeanne Fowler, where he was raised with a younger brother, Chad, while he was born exactly a year later than Fowler, and he has a younger sister, Cara. His wife is Tiffany, and together they have three sons. Jason has been a recovering alcoholic and drug addict since checking himself into a Christian-based rehab facility in 2005. He became a Christian and now travels all over singing his songs and telling his story of redemption through the gift of music.

Music career
Jason has been playing music most of his life and landed a record deal with his band Ultraphonic in 2001. After recording their label debut at the legendary Muscle Shoals Sound with Producer Johnny Sandlin (Allman Brothers Band), the band was set for stardom. With an album ready to go, the band had some unfortunate news. The record label was sold to another company and the album was shelved. Fowler found himself lost and broken. The label dreams were falling apart, the band was falling apart, and he was falling apart. With addiction and alcohol driving the train, Jason ended up a train wreck and eventually homeless. After being kicked out of a drug dealers house with nowhere else to go, Fowler found himself at the bottom. This is where everything changed. It's where he changed. Jason cried out for help. This is where he found God...at the end of himself. After almost 2 years of rehab in the Georgia Music City of Athens, Jason came home and started a new life. It took more than three years for Jason to start playing music again, but he couldn't hide the fact that the music was in his blood. Jason started writing songs about his recovery and his new found faith. His Christian music recording career started in 2014, with his first studio album, Letters from the Inside, on May 13, 2014, from Black Cat Studios. He released his second album, I Fall In, on May 13, 2016, with RCity Records.
Jason is currently finishing up his third solo album with Grammy Nominated and Dove Award-winning producer Ian Eskelin expected to release late 2021.

Discography
Studio albums
Letters from the Inside (May 13, 2016, Black Cat)
I Fall In (May 13, 2016, RCity)

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
American performers of Christian music
Musicians from Atlanta
Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)


text:
Ormenis plebeia är en insektsart som beskrevs av George Willis Kirkaldy 1913. Ormenis plebeia ingår i släktet Ormenis och familjen Flatidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Halvvingar
plebeia


Don't overthink it: Dwelling on stressful events could raise inflammation levels in your body by 20 percent, say researchers from Ohio University.
When you ruminate over the past, you're basically recreating a stressor in your mind, says study author Peggy Zoccola, Ph.D. "Stress can lead to changes in your body—your heart rate, blood pressure, or cortisol levels—and thinking about a stressful circumstance can activate that same set of responses in the body," she says.
While occasionally stewing over something doesn't cause the kind of inflammation that's considered high-risk for cardiovascular disease and other illnesses, constantly doing it could make you more vulnerable to inflammation-related disorders, says Zoccola.
If you're freaking out, slap a smile on your face. Believe it or not, even just faking a grin can help reduce stress responses and lower your heart rate, says a study from the University of Kansas. Researchers believe that activating certain facial muscles—like those used to smile—sends a message to your brain: You're happy. Calm down.
Want more great tension-taming tips? Try these 52 ways to chase away stress.


This is a great book by first time author, Beth McCluney. It is filled with pictures – both photographs and drawings – of Snicklefritz, Buster the Horse, and the Cowboy. It is perfect for the young reader in your life!
Finally, a French grammar text buried within a series of stories, each emphasizing a particular grammar point. There's nothing like this out there and I've found it extremely useful!! Before you realize it, and without having to memorize, you've internalized grammar rules, correct, but natural usage, and idiomatic expressions. I've studied French for a long time, but this book, the first in what will be a series, taught me expressions and usage I'd not encountered before.
At last! A well organized and well paced book specifically written for adults, not college students. All my adult-learner teachers have been frustrated by the fact that they can't find supplemental materials/readers that adults can relate to quickly. True, it's always fun to read those adorable French children's books that our teacher brings us, but sometimes even they are more complex verb-tense-wise and vocabulary-wise than we beginners can read and comprehend easily. This book has stories that use "practical" language. There are vocabulary lists and study questions included with each story, and the level of difficulty increases at a reasonable pace. I don't think it's intended to replace a true textbook, but it certainly makes a helpful supplement to a standard text. There is a LOT of material packed into this little book! My impression is that one reads the story and then does the study questions, etc. at the end; but I am finding that it works well for me to scan the questions before I read the story so that I know what I should be paying attention to as I read. I highly recommend this little volume for those who are starting to learn the beautiful French language and who want to experience the pleasure of comprehension right from the beginning.


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