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Ofcom Orders BT To Split From Openreach
Home » News » BT Ordered By Ofcom To Split Legally From Openreach
BT Ordered By Ofcom To Split Legally From Openreach
Openreach is a subdivision of BT which runs the UK's broadband infrastructure. All broadband providers (Sky, Talk-Talk) are charged by Openreach for access to the infrastructure which they claim to be too expense and are not responsive to their demands.
Ofcom has been concerned over BT's ability to favour its retail business when making investment decisions in Openreach i.e. not investing enough money in the UK's broadband infrastructure. If Openreach was split from BT it would become a distinct company with its own board with no affiliation with BT and would have control over its own budget and have to treat all its customers (i.e. other broadband providers) equally.
BT has been in negotiations since July of this year in order to try and address Ofcom's concerns, however Ofcom believe that they have not voluntarily addressed the competition concerns. BT dispute this by saying that its proposals were "fair and reasonable". The Regulator is now preparing a formal notification to the European Commission to start the process of separating the two business. Having said this, the negotiations between Ofcom and BT still continue in order to try and resolve this situation voluntarily.
The proposed action of Ofcom has been supported by The Department for Culture, Media and Sport which said Openreach "needs to offer genuine fair and equal access to the country's telecoms infrastructure to BT's competitors".
Julian Ireland, a Litigation specialist at leading and award-winning regional law firm Pictons says "Clearly it appears all concerned parties are in support of the proposed split however at the moment BT have not gone far enough. The fact that Ofcom have referred the matter to the European Commission will increase the pressure on BT to split the two companies or come up with a proposal that is acceptable to everyone. We will just have to wait and see".
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In Delta Green: The Role-Playing Game, the players are those agents. They fight to save human lives and sanity from threats beyond space and time. Delta Green's percentile-based rules are compatible with 20 years' worth of Delta Green scenarios and sourcebooks. In my opinion and experience, it is always good for creators to make their systems backwards compatible when updating rule books; people can't always afford to buy new material for their games (I've also bought earlier system rule books that I've seen on sale and converted them myself to current rules).
Two books are included in this game set from Arc Dream Publishing; the Agent's Handbook and the Handler's Guide. While expensive, most game masters that I know prefer to own all of the system books and putting the entire game into one bundle is useful.
The Agent's Handbook includes rules for creating agents, including dozens of professions that the players can utilize, rules for players to survive in a tense, horrific world, and information on some PCs that the players may encounter.
The Handler's Guide is meant to be used by the game-master to lead the agents. The book includes a history of Delta Green, horror-fueled rituals that connect it to the world created by H.P. Lovecraft, rules for creating monsters, guidelines for creating worlds, and a ready-to-play adventure to get started. It is important to note that Delta Green is NOT meant to be use as part of the Call of Cthulhu game by Chaosium; the rules from one game system are not necessarily compatible with the other (though, if you have the time and patience, anything is possible).
Arc Dream Publishing has also released several Delta Green adventures including 'Night at the Opera', 'Music from a Darkened Room', and 'Viscid'. The entire Delta Green game, including this bundle and a variety of adventures, is available for download at drivethrurpg.com.


1. Remember the Goldilocks Principle; running just enough to cause adaptive changes, but not enough to cause injury. Apply the 24 hour rule: if you recover well after 24 hours with no discomfort or pain, then your body can tolerate the load that it is being placed under. If there is pain or discomfort, we need to be kind to ourselves and reduce the loading intensity.
2. Remember the importance of rest and recovery; be gentle with your body and take into account nutrition, sleep quality and quantity and your physical and mental loading. This is all hugely influential in injury occurrence and rehabilitation in injury occurrence and rehabilitation outcomes after injury.
3. Tim Gabbett, who has done a lot of research into training loads and volumes, recommends no more than 10% increases in training, and being aware of not changing too much at once. For example, we don't want to go from running 5 kms three times per week on flat ground to running 5 kms three time per week on hills, plus increasing your speed at the same time. You will definitely be on the road to a "boom/bust" cycle!
4. After a period of deconditioning, perhaps after a holiday or sickness or just time off your normal activities, it is important to reassess your training. It is unlikely that you will start off where you left off, again we need to reduce the training load and build up gradually.
Our physiotherapists have been on courses to further develop their skills on running injury management and rehabilitation and can help you to develop an appropriate training plan.
We will do an integrated whole body assessment, looking at how your running and movement patterns or technique may be contributing to overload. We can then put together a tailored plan to reduce loading and increase strength where needed in the kinetic chain.
Our aim is to get you running more safely and more efficiently to reduce the likelihood or recurrence of injury ensuring you can reach your peak performance and attain those sub two hour marathon goals!!!
If you are interested, why not call us and we can book you in for an assessment.


atrun runs jobs queued by at(1). It is a shell script invoking /usr/sbin/atd with the -s option, and is provided for backward compatibility with older installations.
At was mostly written by Thomas Koenig, ig25 AT rz DOT uni-karlsruhe DOT de.


New Zealand is a popular travel destination that has inspired many tales through the years. The country's literature perfectly captures all facets of its landscapes, from the social to the natural and everything in between. Take look at 10 reading essentials, fiction and non-fiction alike, everyone should get their hands on before visiting.
Eleanor Catton's Man Booker Prize winning novel showcases a piece of Victorian-era New Zealand. The Luminaries tells the story of Walter Moody, a young man trying his luck in the country's burgeoning minefields. On arrival, he finds himself in the midst of a series of unexplained events, from the vanishing of a wealthy man to the discovery of a large fortune in drunkard's home.
This classic piece of New Zealand literature was written during the final stages of Katherine Mansfield's tragically short life. The book is composed of 15 different stories, most of which are set in Mansfield's native land – though there are a few which take place in England and the French Riviera. Each tale offers a sensitive portrayal of the human condition, from the issues that surround family life to a loss in personal identity.
Barry Crump's A Good Keen Man offers a humorous take on rural New Zealand life. This is one of the most read books in the country's history, and is renowned for its depiction of the typical Kiwi bloke. The story is set in the rugged back country and tells the tale of a young man's journey towards mastering the art of deer culling and becoming and good bushman.
This is the first volume of New Zealand author Janet Frame's autobiography. To the Is-land weaves in strong evocations of the country's landscapes as Frame details her life's battles: from her impoverished upbringing to her sister's death and her brother's struggles with epilepsy.
Witi Ihimaera is one of New Zealand's most famous Maori authors, renowned on the international stage for his novel the Whale Rider. Pounamu Pounamu is a literary classic, and consists of a series of short stories that capture the intersection between Maori culture, tradition and contemporary family life in 1960s New Zealand.
New Zealand may have been the last place to be settled by humankind, but it is filled with interesting historic gems. Michael King's The Penguin History of New Zealand offers one of the most comprehensive narratives of the country's journey from colonization to independence and all the cultural, social phenomena that came with it.
This bestseller is a must-read for those travelling to Christchurch. Oracles and Miracles was Eldred-Grigg's debut novel and tells the story of twin sisters Ginnie and Fag, alternating the narrative between the two as they offer their take on what it's like to live and grow up in 1940s Christchurch – a city that was then a place of 'peeling paint, flaking iron, cracked linoleum, dusty yards, lean-tos, and asphalts, dunnies and textile mills'.
A children's book that aptly captures the New Zealand identity. The main characters, Charlie, Ruby, Oliver, Mason and Kaia, are Kiwi kids of various cultural backgrounds who take readers on an illustrated, year-long journey across the country's celebrations, traditions and events. The book combines modern day culture, heritage and everyday family life for kids around the nation.
A fun and informative autobiography that openly talks about the trials and tribulations of packing up your life and moving to an entirely new country. Tunney's tale offers plenty of insight on New Zealand society, culture and customs as well as painting a vivid picture about her family's journey from California to their new homeland.
This one for a bit of travel inspiration. Tindale shares his adventures and mishaps during a year spent in the outskirts of New Zealand. As he made himself at home in a lone caravan, dubbed the Squashed Possums, Tindale got a taste of life in wilderness across through four seasons – including the coldest winter the country had experienced in decades.


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Psychiatry (17)
Visual Neuroscience (17)
Synaptic inputs from identified bipolar and amacrine cells to a sparsely branched ganglion cell in rabbit retina
Andrea S. Bordt, Diego Perez, Luke Tseng, Weiley Sunny Liu, Jay Neitz, Sara S. Patterson, Edward V. Famiglietti, David W. Marshak
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 36 / 2019
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 April 2019, E004
Print publication: 2019
There are more than 30 distinct types of mammalian retinal ganglion cells, each sensitive to different features of the visual environment. In rabbit retina, they can be grouped into four classes according to their morphology and stratification of their dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The goal of this study was to describe the synaptic inputs to one type of Class IV ganglion cell, the third member of the sparsely branched Class IV cells (SB3). One cell of this type was partially reconstructed in a retinal connectome developed using automated transmission electron microscopy (ATEM). It had slender, relatively straight dendrites that ramify in the sublamina a of the IPL. The dendrites of the SB3 cell were always postsynaptic in the IPL, supporting its identity as a ganglion cell. It received 29% of its input from bipolar cells, a value in the middle of the range for rabbit retinal ganglion cells studied previously. The SB3 cell typically received only one synapse per bipolar cell from multiple types of presumed OFF bipolar cells; reciprocal synapses from amacrine cells at the dyad synapses were infrequent. In a few instances, the bipolar cells presynaptic to the SB3 ganglion cell also provided input to an amacrine cell presynaptic to the ganglion cell. There was apparently no crossover inhibition from narrow-field ON amacrine cells. Most of the amacrine cell inputs were from axons and dendrites of GABAergic amacrine cells, likely providing inhibitory input from outside the classical receptive field.
S-opsin knockout mice with the endogenous M-opsin gene replaced by an L-opsin variant
SCOTT H. GREENWALD, JAMES A. KUCHENBECKER, DANIEL K. ROBERSON, MAUREEN NEITZ, JAY NEITZ
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 31 / Issue 1 / January 2014
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 December 2013, pp. 25-37
Specific variants of human long-wavelength (L) and middle-wavelength (M) cone opsin genes have recently been associated with a variety of vision disorders caused by cone malfunction, including red-green color vision deficiency, blue cone monochromacy, myopia, and cone dystrophy. Strikingly, unlike disease-causing mutations in rhodopsin, most of the cone opsin alleles that are associated with vision disorders do not have deleterious point mutations. Instead, specific combinations of normal polymorphisms that arose by genetic recombination between the genes encoding L and M opsins appear to cause disease. Knockout/knock-in mice promise to make it possible to study how these deleterious cone opsin variants affect the structure, function, and viability of the cone photoreceptors. Ideally, we would like to evaluate different variants that cause vision disorders in humans against a control pigment that is not associated with vision disorders, and each variant should be expressed as the sole photopigment in each mouse cone, as is the case in humans. To evaluate the feasibility of this approach, we created a line of mice to serve as the control in the analysis of disease-causing mutations by replacing exon 2 through 6 of the mouse M-opsin gene with the corresponding cDNA for a human L-opsin variant that is associated with normal vision. Experiments reported here establish that the resulting pigment, which differs from the endogenous mouse M opsin at 35 amino acid positions, functions normally in mouse cones. This pigment was evaluated in mice with and without coexpression of the mouse short wavelength (S) opsin. Here, the creation and validation of two lines of genetically engineered mice that can be used to study disease-causing variants of human L/M-opsins, in vivo, are described.
Longitudinal evaluation of expression of virally delivered transgenes in gerbil cone photoreceptors
MATTHEW C. MAUCK, KATHERINE MANCUSO, JAMES A. KUCHENBECKER, THOMAS B. CONNOR, WILLIAM W. HAUSWIRTH, JAY NEITZ, MAUREEN NEITZ
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 25 / Issue 3 / May 2008
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 July 2008, pp. 273-282
Print publication: May 2008
Delivery of foreign opsin genes to cone photoreceptors using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a potential tool for studying the basic mechanisms underlying cone based vision and for treating vision disorders. We used an in vivo retinal imaging system to monitor, over time, expression of virally-delivered genes targeted to cone photoreceptors in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Gerbils have a well-developed photopic visual system, with 11–14% of their photoreceptors being cones. We used replication deficient serotype 5 rAAV to deliver a gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). In an effort to direct expression of the gene specifically to either S or M cones, the transgene was under the control of either the human X-chromosome opsin gene regulatory elements, i.e., an enhancer termed the locus control region (LCR) and L promoter, or the human S-opsin promoter. Longitudinal fluorescence images reveal that gene expression is first detectable about 14 days post-injection, reaches a peak after about 3 months, and is observed more than a year post-injection if the initial viral concentration is sufficiently high. The regulatory elements are able to direct expression to a subpopulation of cones while excluding expression in rods and non-photoreceptor retinal cells. When the same viral constructs are used to deliver a human long-wavelength opsin gene to gerbil cones, stimulation of the introduced human photopigment with long-wavelength light produces robust cone responses.
Topography of the long- to middle-wavelength sensitive cone ratio in the human retina assessed with a wide-field color multifocal electroretinogram
JAMES A. KUCHENBECKER, MANISHA SAHAY, DIANE M. TAIT, MAUREEN NEITZ, JAY NEITZ
The topographical distribution of relative sensitivity to red and green lights across the retina was assayed using a custom-made wide-field color multifocal electroretinogram apparatus. There were increases in the relative sensitivity to red compared to green light in the periphery that correlate with observed increases in the relative amount of long (L) compared to middle (M) wavelength sensitive opsin mRNA. These results provide electrophysiological evidence that there is a dramatic increase in the ratio of L to M cones in the far periphery of the human retina. The central to far peripheral homogeneity in cone proportions has implications for understanding the developmental mechanisms that determine the identity of a cone as L or M and for understanding the circuitry for color vision in the peripheral retina.
Nucleotide polymorphisms upstream of the X-chromosome opsin gene array tune L:M cone ratio
KAREN L. GUNTHER, JAY NEITZ, MAUREEN NEITZ
In support of the long-held idea that cone ratio is genetically determined by variation linked to the X-chromosome opsin gene locus, the present study identified nucleotide differences in DNA segments containing regulatory regions of the L and M opsin genes that are associated with significant differences in the relative number of L versus M cones. Specific haplotypes (combinations of genetic differences) were identified that correlated with high versus low L:M cone ratio. These findings are consistent with the biological principle that DNA sequence variations affect binding affinities for protein components of complexes that influence the relative probability that an L versus M opsin gene will be silenced during development, and in turn, produce variation in the proportion of L to M cones.
A novel mutation in the short-wavelength-sensitive cone pigment gene associated with a tritan color vision defect
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 23 / Issue 3-4 / May 2006
Inherited tritan color vision deficiency is caused by defects in the function of the short-wavelength-sensitive (S) cones. This heterozygous group of disorders has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Amino acid variations of the S cone opsin are rare and all that have been identified thus far are associated with inherited tritan color vision defects. Here we report the identification of a 30-year-old male who made errors on standard color vision tests consistent with the presence of a mild tritan color vision deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that his color vision impairment was due to a mutation in the S cone photopigment gene. He was found to be heterozygous for a mutation that caused the amino acid proline to be substituted in place of a highly conserved leucine at amino acid position 56 in the S cone opsin. This mutation was absent in 564 S cone photopigment genes from 282 subjects who did not make tritan errors. Thus, we conclude that this mutation disrupts the normal function of S cones.
An adaptation of the Cambridge Colour Test for use with animals
KATHERINE MANCUSO, MAUREEN NEITZ, JAY NEITZ
Recently, molecular biological techniques have presented new opportunities for addressing questions concerning the neural mechanisms involved in color coding, thereby rousing renewed interest in animal color vision testing. We have modified a computer-based assessment tool, the Cambridge Colour Test, to make it suitable for use with animals. Here, the validity and reliability of the testing method were evaluated using squirrel monkeys. Because the chromatic stimuli and the achromatic backgrounds of the test consist of dots that vary in lightness, the stimulus parameters can be adjusted so that animals are not able to use luminance differences to make correct discriminations. Thus, in contrast to methods used previously, this test does not require that time be spent equating the luminance of each chromatic stimulus examined. Furthermore, the computer video-display based design of the testing apparatus can be easily replicated and adapted for use with many species in a variety of settings. In the present experiments, the squirrel monkeys' behavioral results agreed with the predictions for their color vision based on genetic analysis and electroretinography (ERG) spectral sensitivity data. Repeated measurements were highly consistent. Thus, an adaptation of the Cambridge Colour Test provides a valid and reliable method for testing color vision in animals.
An urn model of the development of L/M cone ratios in human and macaque retinas
KENNETH KNOBLAUCH, MAUREEN NEITZ, JAY NEITZ
A model of the development of L/M cone ratios in the Old World primate retina is presented. It is supposed that during gestation, the cone cycles randomly between states in which it transcribes either L or M opsin. The current state determines and increases the probability that it will transcribe the same opsin in future cycles. These assumptions are sufficient to formalize the process as a Markov chain that can be modeled as an urn containing two types of balls, L and M. Drawing one ball results in the increase of its species and the decrease of the other. Over the long run, the urn will become populated with a single type of ball. This state corresponds to the photoreceptor adopting a fixed identity for its lifetime. We investigate the effect of the number of states and the rule that regulates the advantage of transition toward one cone type or another on the relation between fetal and adult L/M cone ratios. In the range of 100 to 1000 states, small variations of the initial L/M ratio or the transition advantage can each generate large changes in the final L/M ratio, in qualitative accord with the variation seen in human adult retinas. The time course to attain stable L/M ratios also varies with these parameters. If it is believed that the cycling follows a circadian rhythm, then final L/M cone ratios would be expected to stabilize shortly after birth in the human being and the macaque.
Topography of long- and middle-wavelength sensitive cone opsin gene expression in human and Old World monkey retina
MAUREEN NEITZ, SHAWN D. BALDING, CARRIE MCMAHON, STACY A. SJOBERG, JAY NEITZ
The topographical distributions of the relative ratio of long- (L) and middle- (M) wavelength sensitive cone opsin messenger RNA (mRNA) in human and baboon retinas were mapped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The L:M mRNA ratio increased in a central-to-peripheral gradient in both species, being quite pronounced for humans.
Photopigment optical density of the human foveola and a paradoxical senescent increase outside the fovea
AGNES B. RENNER, HOLGER KNAU, MAUREEN NEITZ, JAY NEITZ, JOHN S. WERNER
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 21 / Issue 6 / November 2004
Print publication: November 2004
Photopigment optical density (OD) of middle-(M) and long-(L) wavelength-sensitive cones was determined to evaluate the hypothesis that reductions in the amount of photopigment are responsible for age-dependent sensitivity losses of the human cone pathways. Flicker thresholds were measured at the peak and tail of the photoreceptor's absorption spectrum as a function of the intensity of a bleaching background. Photopigment OD was measured at 0 (fovea), 2, 4, and 8 deg in the temporal retina by use of a 0.3-deg-diameter test spot. Seventy-two genetically characterized dichromats were studied so that the L- and M-cones could be analyzed separately. Subjects included 28 protanopes with M- but no L-cones and 44 deuteranopes with L- but no M-cones (all male, age range 12–29 and 55–83 years). Previous methods have not provided estimates of photopigment OD for separate cone classes in the foveola. In this study, it was found that foveolar cones are remarkably efficient, absorbing 78% of the available photons (OD = 0.65). Photopigment OD decreased exponentially with retinal eccentricity independently of age and cone type. Paradoxically, the OD of perifoveal cones increased significantly with age. Over the 70-year age range of our participants, the perifoveal M- and L-cones showed a 14% increase in capacity to absorb photons despite a 30% decrease in visual sensitivity over the same period.
Evaluation of an updated HRR color vision test
JAMES E. BAILEY, MAUREEN NEITZ, DIANE M. TAIT, JAY NEITZ
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2005, pp. 431-436
The HRR pseudoisochromatic plate (pip) test was originally designed as a screening and diagnostic test for color vision deficiencies. The original HRR test is now long out of print. We evaluate here the new 4th edition of the HRR test, produced in 2002 by Richmond Products. The 2002 edition was compared to the original 1955 edition for a group of subjects with normal color vision and a group who had been previously diagnosed as having color vision deficiencies. The color deficient subjects spanned the range of severity among people with red-green deficiencies except for one individual who had a mild congenital tritan deficiency. The new test compared favorably with the original and in at least two areas, outperformed it. Among subjects with deutan defects the classification of severity correlated better with the anomaloscope results than the original; all the subjects who were classified as dichromats on the anomaloscope were rated as "severe" on the new HRR, while those diagnosed as anomalous trichromats were rated as mild or medium on the new test. Among those with moderate and severe defects the new test was highly accurate in correctly categorizing subjects as protan or deutan. In addition, a mild tritan subject made a tritan error on the new test whereas he was misdiagnosed as normal on the original.
Characterization of a novel form of X-linked incomplete achromatopsia
MICHAEL A. CROGNALE, MICHAEL FRY, JENNIFER HIGHSMITH, GUNILLA HAEGERSTROM-PORTNOY, MAUREEN NEITZ, JAY NEITZ, MICHAEL A. WEBSTER
X-linked incomplete achromatopsia (XIA), also called blue-cone monochromacy (BCM), is a rare cone disorder that most commonly results either from one of two conditions.. The first condition is a deletion of the locus control region (LCR) which is a critical DNA element that lies upstream of the L and M photopigment gene array on the X-chromosome and is necessary for expression of the photopigment genes. The second condition is an inactivating point mutation within the coding sequence of the remaining photopigment gene in an array from which all but one gene has been deleted. Many previous studies have concluded that affected individuals either have only rods and S-cones (Blackwell & Blackwell, 1957, 1961; Daw & Enoch, 1973; Hess et al., 1989) or have rods, S-cones, and another cone type that contains the rod pigment (Pokorny et al., 1970; Alpern et al., 1971). However, Smith et al. (1983) described individuals with XIA who had residual L-cone function. Here we report results for a subject with XIA who appears to have residual M-cone function. Genetic analysis revealed that he had apparently normal genes for M-cone photopigment thus leaving open the possibility that he has a contribution to vision based on expression of these genes at a very low level.
Variety of genotypes in males diagnosed as dichromatic on a conventional clinical anomaloscope
MAUREEN NEITZ, JOSEPH CARROLL, AGNES RENNER, HOLGER KNAU, JOHN S. WERNER, JAY NEITZ
The hypothesis that dichromatic behavior on a clinical anomaloscope can be explained by the complement and arrangement of the long- (L) and middle-wavelength (M) pigment genes was tested. It was predicted that dichromacy is associated with an X-chromosome pigment gene array capable of producing only a single functional pigment type. The simplest case of this is when deletion has left only a single X-chromosome pigment gene. The production of a single L or M pigment type can also result from rearrangements in which multiple genes remain. Often, only the two genes at the 5′ end of the array are expressed; thus, dichromacy is also predicted to occur if one of these is defective or encodes a defective pigment, or if both of them encode pigments with identical spectral sensitivities. Subjects were 128 males who accepted the full range of admixtures of the two primary lights as matching the comparison light on a Neitz or Nagel anomaloscope. Strikingly, examination of the L and M pigment genes revealed a potential cause for a color-vision defect in all 128 dichromats. This indicates that the major component of color-vision deficiency could be attributed to alterations of the pigment genes or their regulatory regions in all cases, and the variety of gene arrangements associated with dichromacy is cataloged here. However, a fraction of the dichromats (17 out of 128; 13%) had genes predicted to encode pigments that would result in two populations of cones with different spectral sensitivities. Nine of the 17 were predicted to have two pigments with slightly different spectral peaks (usually ≤ 2.5 nm) and eight had genes which specified pigments identical in peak absorption, but different in amino acid positions previously associated with optical density differences. In other subjects, reported previously, the same small spectral differences were associated with anomalous trichromacy rather than dichromacy. It appears that when the spectral difference specified by the genes is very small, the amount of residual red–green color vision measured varies; some individuals test as dichromats, others test as anomalous trichromats. The discrepancy is probably partly attributable to testing method differences and partly to a difference in performance not perception, but it seems there must also be cases in which other factors, for example, cone ratio, contribute to a person's ability to extract a color signal from a small spectral difference.
Photopigment basis for dichromatic color vision in cows, goats, and sheep
GERALD H. JACOBS, JESS F. DEEGAN, JAY NEITZ
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 15 / Issue 3 / March 1998
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 March 1998, pp. 581-584
Electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry was used to measure the spectral properties of cones in three common ungulates—cattle (Bos taurus), goats (Capra hircus), and sheep (Ovis aries). Two cone mechanisms were identified in each species. The location of peak sensitivity of an S-cone mechanism varied from about 444 to 455 nm for the three species; analogous values for an M/L-cone were tightly clumped at about 552–555 nm. Each of these three species has the requisite photopigment basis for dichromatic color vision and they are, thus, similar to other ungulates examined earlier.
Color vision in the dog
Jay Neitz, Timothy Geist, Gerald H. Jacobs
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 3 / Issue 2 / August 1989
The color vision of three domestic dogs was examined in a series of behavioral discrimination experiments. Measurements of increment-threshold spectral sensitivity functions and direct tests of color matching indicate that the dog retina contains two classes of cone photopigment. These two pigments are computed to have spectral peaks of about 429 nm and 555 nm. The results of the color vision tests are all consistent with the conclusion that dogs have dichromatic color vision.
Spectral sensitivity of cones in an ungulate
Jay Neitz, Gerald H. Jacobs
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 2 / Issue 2 / February 1989
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 June 2009, pp. 97-100
Ungulates have been classified as having arrhythmic eyes in the sense that they contain features appropriate both to diurnal and nocturnal life. The former is typically associated with multiple classes of cones and a color-vision capacity. To see if an arrhythmic animal has these features, the number of cone classes was determined and the spectra of these cones were measured in a common ungulate, the domestic pig (Sus scrofa). Examination with electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry revealed the presence of two classes of cones in the pig's eye having average maximum sensitivity (λmax) at 439 nm and 556 nm, respectively. This ungulate thus has the requisite retinal basis for dichromatic color vision.
Tunicamycin-induced degeneration in cone photoreceptors
Don H. Anderson, David S. Williams, Jay Neitz, Robert N. Fariss, Steven J. Fliesler
Journal: Visual Neuroscience / Volume 1 / Issue 2 / March 1988
Tunicamycin (TM), an inhibitor of dolichylphosphate-mediated protein glycosylation, was injected intravitreally into the eyes of diurnal rodents with cone-dominated retinas. Injection of 1 μg of the B2 isomer led to a progressive degeneration of the photoreceptor outer segments and disruption of the RPE-photoreceptor interface that took place over a 10-day period. Cone outer segments were shortened by postinjection day 6 and virtually absent by day 9. The microvilli that normally protrude from the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium were replaced by a fringe of shortened processes. The other retinal layers showed no morphological evidence of disruption. Retinal sensitivity, as measured by electroretinographic b-wave threshold, showed a significant and progressive decline over the 10-day course of the experiment that paralleled the disruption of retinal morphology. These results suggest that TM leads to similar morphological and electrophysiological effects on rod and cone photoreceptors.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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OUR PARTNER HOSPITALS FOR AEST..
As a renowned sculptor aesthetic surgeon, Prof.Dr. Karacalar nurtured his artistic talents through the years and utilizes them as an artist as well as a surgeon.His expertise in creating natural, non-operated looking results is credited not only to his experience and surgical finesse, but also to his artistic talent. These artistic gifts and eye for aesthetic harmony are keys to creating beautiful, natural looking results in aesthetic surgery.Dr. Karacalar has gained expertise in all aspects of Aesthetic Surgery over the last 20 years.
He prefers the holistic approach to create a satisfied patient. His team assess your overall health, motivations, perhaps even your social environment, so we may better understand you. He uses the latest techniques, while customizing the procedures to fit your specific needs.
This allows the preservation of a youthful appearance without resorting to unnecessary surgery or over-correction, thus enabling the patient to look younger longer.
He holds patient safety a priority. Safety and the well being of his patients remain his top concerns. He treats each patient with the utmost respect, dignity and understanding.
His team offers Aesthetic & Tourism concept and programme in Turkey where Europe and Asia meet and the three continents Asia, Africa and Europe, are closest to one another. This all-inclusive programme combines both aesthetic surgery and travel and leisure. They aim to see the smiles on the faces of their guests and the acknowledgement that they have made a difference in their lives.
He designs aesthetic and ergonomic surgical instruments.
He is also author of two celebrated books, one on the "Amazonizm, breast and aesthetic", the other on "Amazons and scream of matriarchy".
Karacalar A, Orak I, Aydin O, Yalın T. Spontaneous recanalization of the divided lactiferous duct in the rat. Ann Plast Surg. 2005 :54,196-200.
Karacalar A, Orak İ, Kaplan S, Yıldırım S. No-touch technique for autologous fat harvesting. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2004:28,158-64.
Karacalar A, Demir A, Yıldız L. Subcision surgery for the correction of ear deformities. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2004 :28,239-44.
Karacalar A, Korkmaz A, Kale A, Kopuz C. Compensatory brow asymmetry, anatomic study and clinical experience. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2005 :29,119-23.
Karacalar A, Demir A, Güneren E. A pedicle-lengthening technique for free latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, the "Y-V-I" principle. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2005:21,173-8.
Karacalar A, Yılmaz N, Bilgici A, Baş B, Akan H. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of temporomandibular joint disk disfigurement, clinical experience. J Craniofac Surg. 2005:16,476-81.
Karacalar A, Karacalar S,Uçkunkaya N, Şahin Ş,Özcan B. Combined use of axillary block and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block in upper extremity injuries requiring large skin grafts. J Hand Surg. 1998:23A, 1100-1105.
Karacalar A, İdil O, Demir A, Güneren E, Şimşek T, Özcan M. Delay in neurovenous flaps, experimental and clinical experience. Ann Plast Surg. 2004:53,481-7.
Karacalar A, İdil O, Özcan M. Simultaneous soft-tissue reconstruction and revascularization of the thumb with a flow-through distally-pedicled radial forearm flap. J Reconstruct Microsurg. 1998:14,449-452.
Karacalar A, Karacalar S, Çepni H. Use of the real tumescent technique, anesthesia in the surgical management of lip cancer. Ann Plast Surg. 2003 :50,107-8.
Karacalar A, Karacalar S. Hair transplantation and headaches. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003:111,2103-4.
Karacalar A, Karacalar S, Ulusoy AN. Preemptive analgesia and a field block technique in reduction mammaplasty. Ann Plast Surg. 2003:50,667-8.
Karacalar A, Özbek S, Özcan M. Free rectus abdominis muscle flap with plantar skingraft–a combined method of aesthetic and functional reconstruction of the heel. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2004:38,248-9.
Karacalar A, Özcan M. The adipofascial turn-over flap for the coverage of finger defects. Eur J Plast Surg. 1994: 17,189-190.
Karacalar A, İdil O, Kahveci Z, Özcan M. The neurovenous ( or adiponeurovenous) epigastric flap in the rat. Eur J Plast Surg. 2000:23,283-288.


U.S.|A Young Immigrant Spoke Out About Her Deportation Fears. Then She Was Detained.
A Young Immigrant Spoke Out About Her Deportation Fears. Then She Was Detained.
A 22-year-old woman who came to the United States from Argentina as a 7-year-old child and was allowed to remain in the country under an Obama-era program was detained by immigration authorities after speaking at a news conference in Mississippi about her fears of being deported, her lawyer said on Thursday.
The woman, Daniela Vargas, was picked up on Wednesday when the car she was riding in was pulled over by officers shortly after leaving the news conference at City Hall in Jackson, Miss., the lawyer, Abigail Peterson, said in a telephone interview. The event was organized by lawyers, church leaders and the Mississippi Immigrants Rights Alliance to raise awareness about the impact deportation and President Trump's immigration policies have on families.
An officer placed Ms. Vargas in handcuffs after telling her, "You know what we are here for," Ms. Peterson said. Ms Vargas was taken into custody and transferred to a detention center in Louisiana, where she was being held on Thursday without bond.
Ms. Peterson said the authorities informed her on Thursday that Ms. Vargas would be processed as a "visa waiver overstay," which means she would not be given a hearing and would be flown to Argentina.
"That could be in a few weeks," said Ms. Peterson.
Ms. Vargas's story is one of many that have circulated of families affected by immigration policies since Mr. Trump took office. Under the visa waiver program, Ms. Vargas and her family were allowed to stay for only 90 days. By staying longer, they became ineligible for an immigration hearing, L. Patricia Ice, the M.I.R.A. legal project director, said.
But then, in 2012, Ms. Vargas was allowed to stay in the United States under a program called the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. The program, started by former President Obama, allows immigrant children who had mostly grown up in the United States to become eligible for work permits and grants permission to stay temporarily.
Ms. Peterson said that when Ms. Vargas was arrested on Wednesday, she had two pending applications to renew her DACA status, which had expired, and her work permit.
United We Dream, a nonprofit group that advocates for the fair treatment of immigrants in the United States, said in a statement that Ms. Vargas's DACA status had expired while she was saving up to pay a renewal fee of about $495. She worked as a manager in a small store, it said.
Ms. Peterson said she believed that the immigration authorities had followed Ms. Vargas from the news conference, where she had spoken about how her parents came to the United States when she was a child and gave her a "better life." She then spoke about her studies and her dream to become a math teacher. Ms. Vargas also mentioned during the appearance that her father and brother had just been detained last month.
"I was scared for my life," she said at the event, according to The Associated Press.
Thomas Byrd, a spokesman for Immigration and Customs Enforcement in New Orleans, did not reply to a voice mail message on Thursday seeking comment on the case.
More than 750,000 people have been granted work permits and permission to stay under DACA. But Mr. Trump has given mixed messages over what he will do about the program, which he criticized during his campaign as an illegal amnesty. In December, as president-elect, he said he would "work something out" for the recipients.
As president, he has referred to young immigrants like Ms. Vargas as those "incredible kids" and said he would deal with the matter with "great heart," but he nodded to the political difficulty of doing so. During a recent lunch with reporters before his speech before Congress this week, Mr. Trump even suggested the possibility of citizenship for the people who were brought to the United States illegally as children.
But for now, many are fighting arrest. Last month, Daniel Ramirez Medina, who is a DACA recipient, was taken into custody by federal immigration agents who showed up at his home in Seattle to detain his father. His lawyers have now sued the federal government, arguing that he is being held in custody unconstitutionally.
Ms. Vargas's arrest caught the eye of lawmakers. Among them was Richard J. Durbin of Illinois, a leading Democrat in the Senate who cornered Mr. Trump on the topic at an inaugural lunch in the Capitol last month. He said he had been optimistic about a deal on the issue until Mr. Trump's tough immigration directives on deportations were announced.
Mr. Durbin said on Twitter that he was seeking more information about Ms. Vargas's case. "Disturbing that ICE may have followed her from an immigration news conference," he wrote.


Goat Yoga is Coming to Brooklyn!
Collina Italiana, an Italian language and cultural center for adults and children, will soon be offering CiaoYoga! a program for children ages 3-7 to learn Italian through yoga-inspired tales.
Lexington Children's Center, a day care located in East Harlem, is now offering weekly 45-minute yoga classes led by a certified yoga instructor for children ages 2-5 at the center.
At Diplomat Health & Swim Club in Piermont, children can enjoy fitness sessions, swim lessons, and an upcoming yoga workshop.
The Wholeness Center now offers kids' birthday parties and MommaArts, which provides maternity care and support for parents.
Soul Practice Yoga, owned and operated by Sally Rodriguez Hamm, certified yoga instructor, now offers kid, tween, and ladies' night parties in your home.
Panth3rs, a Suffern fitness facility for kids and adults, recently expanded its facility into the location next-door. It also now offers yoga and Zumba for kids and adults.
Yogapalooza, a new yoga-based TV show for kids on the Z Living network, stars musician Bari Koral, who leads kids through various yoga poses and concepts during the 30-minute show.
Prasanthi Yoga Studio, a yoga studio located in Pelham, recently expanded its space to allow for more programming, including yoga classes for children, children with autism spectrum disorders, teens, and men and women.
Westchester yoga studio Hastings Yoga now offers a prenatal yoga class for expecting mothers. Each pose that is part of the class benefits pregnant women by stretching their bodies and can be used to help with pain during labor.
Practicing yoga with your kids with special needs allows both to reap the benefits, including transferring focus on the stresses of the day to yoga poses that help you relax and recharge.
Karma Kids Yoga has opened a second location and begun to offer adult yoga classes.
Check out these yoga classes for kids and families offered in Westchester County, NY, this June.
Find yoga centers in Suffolk County, Long Island, that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Find yoga centers in Nassau County, Long Island, that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Find yoga centers in Fairfield County, CT, that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Find yoga centers in Westchester County, NY, that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Find yoga centers in Rockland County, NY, that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Find yoga centers in Queens that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Find yoga centers in Brooklyn that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Find yoga centers in Manhattan that offer classes and services for moms and moms-to-be.
Learn what yoga can do for kids and their growing bodies and minds.


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text:
Q: Today UILabel auto updating I have a problem updating a current date label in a 'home' view controller like this:
func settingTodayLabel() {

  let todayFormatter = NSDateFormatter()
  todayFormatter.dateFormat = "d MMM YYYY"
  todayLabel.text = todayFormatter.stringFromDate(NSDate())
}

This function is called when 'ApplicationDidBecomeActive', and i expected to update todayLabel text when app is called from background next day but nothing is changed. Old date is displayed. However, if i manualy modify date in settings it works..
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()

  NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "settingTodayLabel", name: UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification, object: nil)
}

A: UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification will be fired only if the application becomes active, so you need another notification that fires each day at 0:00 to update the label.
Create a local push notification, that fires at 0:00 and let it broadcast a custom NSNotification that your tune in for like
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "settingTodayLabel", name: "DateChangedNewDay", object: nil)

AppDelegate

import UIKit

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

    var window: UIWindow?

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {

        let notificationType = UIUserNotificationType.None
        let settings = UIUserNotificationSettings(forTypes: notificationType, categories: nil)
        application.registerUserNotificationSettings(settings)

        var localNotification:UILocalNotification = UILocalNotification()

        localNotification.fireDate = NSCalendar.currentCalendar().startOfDayForDate(NSDate())
        localNotification.repeatInterval = NSCalendarUnit.CalendarUnitDay  // for testing: .CalendarUnitMinute
        UIApplication.sharedApplication().scheduleLocalNotification(localNotification)

        return true
    }

    func application(application: UIApplication, didReceiveLocalNotification notification: UILocalNotification) {
        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName("DateChangedNewDay", object: nil)
    }

}

ViewController

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    @IBOutlet weak var todayLabel: UILabel!

    deinit{
        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().removeObserver(self)
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "settingTodayLabel", name: UIApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification, object: nil)
        NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "settingTodayLabel", name: "DateChangedNewDay", object: nil)

    }

    override func viewWillAppear(animated: Bool) {
        super.viewWillAppear(animated)
        self.settingTodayLabel()
    }

    func settingTodayLabel() {

        let todayFormatter = NSDateFormatter()
        todayFormatter.dateFormat = "d MMM yyyy"  // for testing: "d MMM yyyy HH:mm"
        todayLabel.text = todayFormatter.stringFromDate(NSDate())
    }
}

I put a sample application online that updates each minute: https://github.com/vikingosegundo/LabelUpdatingEachMinute

"d MMM YYYY" should most likely be "d MM yyyy" as Y stands for Year of "Week of Year" where the year doesn't start on January 1st, but is switched only between weeks: The first 3 days of January can belong to the last year of the last 3 days of December to the next year. y stands for the year as we know it: starts on 1st of January.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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However, using color to embed Cary within narrative space is also a subtle way of underscoring the primacy of the melodrama narrative.
Et le magicien promet aux spectateurs de vivre " la magie autrement "! Ice Show, la finale: Il est le nouveau David Copperfield! In narrative films the meaning of color is primarily contextual, arising from the association of a color with a character, event, object, or situation that gives it meaning.
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text:
Heinrich Johannesson (Lebensdaten unbekannt) war ein deutscher Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Vereine
Johannesson gehörte dem Verein für Rasensport Harburg als Mittelfeldspieler an, für den er in den vom Norddeutschen Fußball-Verband ausgetragenen Meisterschaften bis Saisonende 1932/33 in der Oberliga Nordhannover, in einer von sechs regionalen Oberligen, Punktspiele bestritt. Zur Saison 1935/36 in die Gauliga Niedersachsen, eine von zunächst 16, später auf 23 aufgestockten Gauligen zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus als einheitlich höchste Spielklasse im Deutschen Reich, aufgestiegen, konnte als Achtplatzierter die Klasse knapp gehalten werden. In der Folgesaison folgte als Neuntplatzierter der Abstieg in die Bezirksliga. In dieser Zeit kam er in dem im Jahr 1935 eingeführten Wettbewerb um den Tschammerpokal, dem Pokalwettbewerb für Vereinsmannschaften, zum Einsatz. Sein einziges Pokalspiel krönte er am 29. August 1937 bei der 2:5-Niederlage gegen Werder Bremen in der 1. Schlussrunde gleich mit einem Tor, dem Treffer zum Endstand in der 85. Minute.

Auswahlmannschaft
Als Spieler der Auswahlmannschaft des Norddeutschen Fußball-Verbandes nahm er 1929 am Auswahlwettbewerb um den Bundespokal teil und erreichte am 28. April das auf dem Preussen-Platz, der Spielstätte des BFC Preussen, vorgesehene Finale. In der vor 22.000 Zuschauern ausgetragenen Begegnung unterlag er mit seiner Auswahlmannschaft mit 1:4 der Auswahlmannschaft des Verbandes Brandenburgischer Ballspielvereine.

Erfolge
 Bundespokal-Finalist 1929

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (Rasensport Harburg)
Deutscher
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 20. oder 21. Jahrhundert
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Anne Bonds
White Supremacy and Property Rights: Tamir Rice and the Oregon Standoff
January 19, 2016 • Anne Bonds • whiteness
(image source)
In a span of just four days, news headlines in the US illustrated different aspects of white supremacy. In one headline, we learned that the police officers who shot and killed Tamir Rice, a twelve year old, black child, as he played with a toy gun in a park in Cleveland, would face no charges in the young boy's death. In another series of headlines a short time later, we watched a lenient, even nonchalant governmental response to a group of white, armed, anti-government protesters as they stormed the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in Oregon. Taken together, both highlight the importance of white property rights as a cornerstone in how white supremacy operates.
The juxtaposition of the events in Ohio and Oregon illustrate white supremacy in the United States. .
On one hand, the killing of a child playing in a public space, the lack of aid rendered as he lay dying, and the assumption that he was much older than his young twelve years was justified through deeply established tropes that criminalized Tamir Rice's black skin and that made him always already a suspect, even as a child.
On the other hand, Ammon Bundy and members of his white, anti-government militia, calling themselves "concerned citizens" while actively threatening to raise their arms against the federal government, are entitled to supply demands, press conferences, and a "wait and see" response by officials.
But the significance of recent events in Oregon extends beyond this obvious example of the differential treatment of racial groups by the state. We argue the events at the Oregon wildlife refuge are representative of what Arlo Kempf describes as a "colonial moment," one that bolsters white supremacy and violence against people of color, as well as the ongoing dispossession of Indigenous peoples in the U.S. settler state.
The concept of settler colonialism emphasizes the ongoing occupation and privatization of Indigenous territories and the systems of race necessary to sustain the displacement and marginalization of Indigenous peoples. From this perspective, colonization is not an event of the past, but rather an enduring process that continuously unfolds across the landscape. Colonial moments normalize white domination and the racial status quo by obscuring histories of racial violence and exploitation and by reinforcing largely unquestioned assumptions about white settler property ownership and entitlement to stolen lands.
For some, the Bundys – both Ammon and his father Cliven – have become folk heroes for their efforts to reclaim federally owned and regulated land and for resisting the overbearing, 'tyrannical' federal government. However, as the chairperson of the Burns Paiute Tribe, Charlotte Rodrique, has explicitly stated, the Paiute peoples had been living on these lands for thousands of years prior to the arrival of white settlers. Deep ironies abound as the militia members demand that the federal government return the land to ranchers, loggers, and miners after claiming the federal government had usurped their rights.
Though it's quite easy to dismiss the Bundys, their followers, and other white militias in the American West as a "radical fringe" group with a poor understanding of U.S. history, we believe that to do so would be ill informed. Not only is the Oregon standoff part of a much broader political, economic, and social movement rooted in individual private property rights and undergirded by white supremacy, the event – and popular reactions to it – sustain particular understandings of whiteness and land ownership that render invisible the displacement and exploitation of people of color that enabled white settlement and the acquisition of federal lands in this area in the first place.
Though Oregon is popularly known as one of the whitest states in the nation and parodied for its left leaning politics and liberal views, less widely known is how the state's contemporary racial geography was forged through racist policies at a variety of scales (municipal, state, federal) that facilitated indigenous land appropriation, racial exclusion and marginalization, and labor exploitation. Through federal homestead policy and land acts that transferred lands appropriated from Indigenous peoples to individual white settlers, and aided by Indigenous dispossession and genocide, Whites assumed ownership of the area's most productive land and built their local infrastructure and economy with Japanese, Chinese, and Mexican immigrant labor.
The Oregon Donation Land At (1850), for example, allowed free land only to whites. In Oregon, 10,513,945 acres (17 percent of total lands) were homesteaded following the 1862 Homesteading Act and its subsequent iterations. Racial exclusion laws passed in 1849 and 1854 prevented blacks from living in Oregon Territory. These exclusions were written into the state's first constitution in 1859, which made Oregon the only free state in the Union with a black exclusion clause Furthermore, when Oregon statehood was declared, Chinese and Japanese immigrants were prevented from owning land or holding mining claims. Oregon's 1901 anti-miscegenation statute nullified and criminalized marriage between whites and people of color, making the offense punishable by imprisonment.
As is clear, discourses about land rights in the American West continue to obscure and naturalize the ongoing displacements of Native Peoples and policies of racial subjugation and exclusion that produced the racial and class makeup and patterns of land ownership in contemporary Oregon. As a colonial moment, the occupation of the Malheur Wildlife Refuge shores up this racial framework. Bundy's sense of history and his "right" to claim land on behalf of "the people" demonstrates the continued centrality of settler colonialism and white supremacy in the United States.
Thinking about the killing of Tamir Rice together with the Oregon standoff reveals the contours of white supremacy and the ways in which social condition of whiteness – what it means to be white in America – is so deeply entwined histories of violence, marginalization, and dispossession that have rendered some lives more valuable than others.
White men making claim to their "private property" rights are "patriots", while black children playing in public spaces are reasonable threats to life and property.
~ This post was written by Anne Bonds and Joshua Inwood. Bonds is and Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Her research focuses on gendered, raced, and classed inequality and the politics of economic development. Inwood is an Associate Professor of Geography and Africana Studies at the University of Tennessee. His research focuses on race, racism and the continuing significance of white supremacy for understanding the US.


Description: 3 Speed Floor Fan Switch Wiring Diagram Electrical Circuit Hunter 3 Speed Floor Fan Switch Wiring Diagram Electrical Circuit Hunter Ceiling Fan 3 Way Switch Wiring Diagram Download Electrical Switch Circuit #2073 from the above 1600x1236 resolutions which is part of the "DIY Needed" directory. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "Save full resolution" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
Among probably the most popular electrical wiring inquiries is regarding how to wire a switch. Even though working with switches in your own home is kind of simple, wiring one particular might not be that quick for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is definitely quite simple to wire. You can find different kinds of switches, but for this instance, let us say you will be putting in a single-pole toggle switch, an exceedingly popular switch (along with the simplest).
There are actually 3 colors of wires in a normal single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and environmentally friendly. Splice the black wire in two and link them around the terminal screws - a person on top rated as well as the other on the bottom screw from the change. The white wire serves as a supply of uninterrupted electrical power which is generally related to some light-weight colored terminal screw (e.g., silver). Connect the eco-friendly wire to the ground screw of the switch.
These methods would commonly be enough to make a normal change do the job without having a trouble. Then again, in the event you are usually not self-confident you can complete the task adequately and securely you far better let the pros get it done in its place. Just after all, you can find a reason why this process is without doubt one of the commonest electrical wiring queries questioned by many people.
For many explanation, how to wire a ceiling fan is additionally one of probably the most prevalent electrical wiring queries. To simplify this process, you may use only one swap to get a single ceiling fan. To wire the admirer, it truly is merely a matter of connecting the black wire with the ceiling fan to the black wire of your swap. When there is a light, the blue wire must be connected into the black wire from the swap as well.
You can find causes why these are typically by far the most generally requested electrical wiring issues. One particular, a lot of imagine it can be straightforward to do, and two, these are generally the typical electrical duties in your house. But then you definitely must not set your security in danger inside your intention to economize. The stakes could even be a lot larger in case you endeavor to get monetary savings and do an electrical wiring work without the need of enough know-how or encounter.


IMF and Kirchner: "economy to expand strongly 2010/11"
The International Monetary Fund warned of considerably high price index inflation and seemed sceptic of official GDP growth reports in Argentina as it presented its World Economic Outlook report, although it forecast a 7.5 percent growth, with a strong expansion partly due to the favourable global scenery and a strong trade with Brazil.
The organization's report presents a 0.9% growth for last year, a 7.5% growth during 2010 and predicts a 4% for 2011.
Regarding inflation the document points at a 6.3% increase in 2009 and 10.6% for 2010 and 2011.
It warns, however, that according to private analysts, the consumer price index inflation has been considerably higher, and adds that they also believe the real GDP growth has been significantly lower than the official reports since the last quarter of 2008.
The Deputy Economy Minister also spoke about "advances in the car and metal industries as well as the exports field, which is expected to grow." According to Feletti's view, "good economic conditions are to continue next year".
Meanwhile the Argentine Automakers Association, ADEFA reported that domestic car production registered a 37.8% increased in September year-on-year and climbed 3.3% compared to the previous month.
Exports zoomed 17.7% compared to August, and 37.1% year-on-year. The sector accumulated a 49.7% increase during the first nine months of 2010 compared to the volume reported in the same period in 2009.


text:
Pasture Land Values: A "Green Acres" Effect?
Damona Doye and B. Wade Brorsen
JEL Classification: Q13
Keywords: Pasture, Land Values, Rental Rates, Rent-to-Value
Citation: Doye, D., B.W. Brorsen. 2011. "Pasture Land Values: A "Green Acres" Effect?". Choices. Quarter 2. Available online: http://choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/theme-articles/farmland-values/pasture-land-values-a-green-acres-effect
While cropland prices have received considerable attention in the popular press, pasture land prices have also increased significantly in recent years. The predominant forages on pasture land differ across the United States but regardless of the forage type, pasture land is primarily used for beef production. The factors contributing to agricultural returns to pasture are very different than for cropland and not just because cowboys are different than farmers. As in the old TV show "Green Acres", many urban dwellers have an affinity for country living. Pasture is also valued for recreational uses such as hunting.
The 2007 National Resources Inventory (NRI) reports 409 million acres of rangeland and 119 million acres of improved pastureland for the contiguous 48 states, which is 21% and 6%, respectively, of the 1.9 billion acres of land and water. In comparison, cropland accounts for 18% of the total with 2% in the Conservation Reserve Program. Rangeland is covered primarily by native grasses and plants while improved pastureland has introduced plants. The distribution of these two types of pasture is different from east to west in the United States. With the exception of Oklahoma and Florida, the land in pasture is more than 80% rangeland in states in the western half of the United States and 80% or more improved pastureland in the eastern half. Oklahoma's pasture is 63% rangeland and Florida's pasture is 58% improved pasture.
Average U.S. Pasture and Cropland Values, 1998-2010 ($/acre)
Like cropland, pasture land values which includes both improved pasture and rangeland have risen dramatically in recent years (Figure 1). While the average value has leveled off, U.S. pasture values have approximately doubled in the last ten years. Though USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey data showed farm operator household farm income for beef cattle operations declined from 2005 through 2009, land values continued to go up. Over the last ten years, pasture rental rates have increased much less and when beef profitability slowed, rental rates adjusted more quickly (Figure 2).
Average U.S. Pasture Land Values and Rental Rates, 1998-2010 ($/acre)
As shown in Figure 3, pasture rent-to-value ratios have been mostly decreasing since 1998 with a larger decrease from 2005 to 2007, now stabilized at about 1%. U.S. average pasture rent-to-value ratios, historically lower than those of cropland, averaged 1.28 for 2000 to 2010 compared to 3.87 for cropland. Part of the explanation for pasture land owners' historical acceptance of relatively low returns is that the livestock enterprises on pasture, particularly beef and horses, often include a lifestyle component for which people are willing to earn less. Pasture suffers less erosion and so it is losing little of its long term value while some cropland is losing value due to erosion and that may partly explain the higher rent-to-value ratios for cropland. But, clearly if the agricultural rental value were the only return from owning pasture, it would be a rather poor investment.
Figure 4 shows the variability across states in average pasture values. A comparison of Figure 4 with a population density map shows similarities in that East Coast states are densely populated and have high pasture land values, with values above the national average for both continuing west to the Missouri river. To the west, California has both high population density and high pasture land values.
U.S. Pasture Rent to Value Ratio, 1998-2010 (percent)
Average Pasture Land Value by State, 2010
Growth in Pasture Land Value by State, 2010
Since 2005, pasture land values and rents in the central United States have grown faster than the national average (Figure 5). Factors contributing to the increase include factors that have impacted cropland values, but also others. With the exception of Texas, pasture rent-to-value ratios in the plains states have been above the national average.
In contrast to corn and soybean states, Oklahoma sales transaction data show pasture land average values exceed those of cropland (agecon.okstate.edu/oklandvalues). NRI data show that since 1987 Oklahoma cropland acreage has been decreasing while pasture land has been increasing, suggesting a conversion in use over time. While cropland has historically been worth more than pasture, pasture land began commanding a premium in eastern Oklahoma in the early 1990s. In western Oklahoma where agricultural land is predominantly cropland, cropland still commands a premium, but the gap is narrowing over time.
USDA survey data show that 2010 average pasture land values exceed average nonirrigated cropland values in many southeastern states—Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, North and South Carolina, Tennessee—and in New Jersey. In all of these states, the percentage of farms with sales less than $50,000 is above the national average. Other factors contributing to the phenomena are likely varied. In each of the southeastern states, 2007 Census data indicates production of more than 36,000,000 broilers and having land available for application of poultry litter is important. Census data also indicates the number of horse farms exceeds the national average in Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee as well as Oklahoma.
Factors Driving Changes in Pasture Values
Economic theory suggests that the value of land is derived from the net present value of future returns, including agricultural uses, recreational uses, exurban low density residential uses, and the option to convert to urban uses. Agricultural characteristics such as soil productivity, land improvements, tract size, and rainfall are common factors used to explain differences in both pasture and cropland values across time and space. Government payments are relatively unimportant factors in explaining pasture values as farm programs are largely associated with crop production. For pasture land, agricultural returns are typically derived from livestock production, primarily cattle.
Pasture land has attributes that differentiate it from cropland for both recreational income and residential uses. Recreational income is primarily derived from leasing for hunting. Pasture land more often includes trees and shrubs which add value for wildlife habitat (especially deer) and recreational purposes. Trees together with the open space that pasture provides may also increase land's attractiveness for rural housing. A tract of land with a single house is still classified as agricultural land whereas if it were converted to a housing subdivision it then is classified as urban.
Agricultural Influences
The beef enterprises that dominate pasture acreage in the Plains States include both cow/calf production and grazing of weaned calves prior to placement in feedlots. Returns to the cow/calf enterprise have historically been cyclical as cow numbers and calf prices vary over time. Recurring droughts also impact cow numbers and pasture returns. In recent years, the cow herd has shrunk to historical lows. Higher costs of cattle feed ingredients, including corn and soybean meal, have increased the incentive to grow cattle for a relatively longer period on grass. High fertilizer prices lower returns on both cropland and improved pasture. In the Plains States, most pasture is rangeland which does not require fertilizer so returns to native pasture are less impacted by highly variable fertilizer prices. Thus, the factors leading to high prices for crops and cropland also indirectly affect the demand for pasture and the returns to pasture land and pasture values.
Pasture land also lends itself more readily to beginning, small, and part-time farms, which are common in the Southern Plains. While a quarter section of land is uneconomical for crop farming because of economies of size, a similar amount of pasture land can support a few cows and/or goats. Census of Agriculture data show that more than half of the farms with beef cattle have fewer than 20 cows. The number of farms with fewer than 10 head of cattle increased from 2002 to 2007. While small farms account for only 7% of the cow herd, small and part-time farmers have relatively more off-farm income and are willing and able to pay higher prices for pasture land than established producers, particularly for small parcels. Smaller parcels, especially those near urban areas, command higher per acre prices.
Recreational Value
Factors such as hunting lease rates, deer density, recreational income from agricultural uses, and acres of elk habitat have been used to explain differences in agricultural land values. U.S. Census of Agriculture data on recreational income showed an average growth of 180% from 2002 to 2007. In Oklahoma, deer hunting is the leading recreational use of agricultural land. Pasture offers year-round forage for deer and also often includes the woody cover required by deer. Oklahoma State University (OSU) rental rate survey data indicate that agricultural producers can earn approximately $4 per acre through deer hunting leases. The 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation shows that U.S. hunting participation rates range from 2% in the Pacific region to 12% in the central United States. Almost all (96%) big game hunters, including deer hunters, hunt within their resident state. The increase in the value of deer hunting is due directly to increased interest in and opportunities for hunting due to an explosion in deer numbers. A cultural shift to charging hunters and changes in liability laws also increased adoption of hunting as an alternative business enterprise. Also, many hunters are now more than one generation away from the farm and they no longer have access to family land. The increase in the popularity of deer hunting helps explain the increase in the value of pasture relative to cropland in Oklahoma.
Urban Conversion Options
A 2003 NRI study noted that between 1997 and 2001, the rate of rangeland conversion to developed uses continued on an upward trend whereas the conversion of cropland had slowed. A 2007 NRI study reported that 40 million acres of land were newly developed between 1982 and 2007, representing a 56% increase, and accounting for more than one-third of all developed land in the lower 48 states. Rangeland with mature trees is often preferred for housing development. Bottomland cropland often is in a flood zone and thus is less desirable for development. Changes in population density, population growth, per capita income, and distance to urban areas often help explain changes in agricultural land prices over time. Agricultural land value studies have historically shown that population density increases land values. Urban pressure increases all agricultural land values, but may be slightly more important for pasture than for cropland.
Bankers note that oil and gas royalty income helps support land prices in the Plains States. Anecdotal evidence in Oklahoma supports this notion as many heads will nod in agreement if you hypothesize in an Extension meeting that much farmland was paid for with oil and gas royalty income. Royalty income affects both crop and pasture land values but where pasture is valued lower, the impact on pasture values will be larger in percentage terms.
Tax policy and the related property tax assessments relative to agricultural land vary from state to state but often distinguish between cropland and noncropland. In Oklahoma, assessed values are a blend of market value and productive value, 25 and 75% respectively. Thus, the per acre taxes for pasture would be relatively lower than for cropland. In local areas, IRS Sec. 1031 like-kind exchanges for tax purposes can be important factors in land markets. For instance, when Wal-Mart's world headquarters were established in northwest Arkansas, the urbanization of the surrounding area led to producers reinvesting proceeds from those sales in land in northeast Oklahoma.
As the prospects for forage-based biofuel crops appear limited in the near future, one of the key factors in the run-up of cropland prices does not directly apply to pasture. However, high corn and other feed ingredient prices increase the value of pasture for putting gain on cattle and this can be expected to continue while commodity prices are high. While demand for high end products slowed during the economic downturn, beef demand remained strong. Growing exports have also contributed to what are now record high beef prices. If world income continues to increase and with it, the demand for protein internationally, beef demand could increase, providing support for beef prices and pasture land values from an agricultural income perspective. Anecdotal evidence from agricultural lenders suggests that, during the national economic slowdown, the rate of growth in price increases for land purchased for recreational use slowed. Still, recreational use remains important and U.S. population continues to grow.
Doye, D. and R. Sahs. (2010). "OSU Rental Rate Survey." Unpublished data.
Guiling, P., Doye, D., and Brorsen, B.W. (2009). Why has the price of pasture increased relative to the price of cropland? Journal of American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers, 73, 99-111.
Briggeman, B. and Akers, M. (2010). "Farmland values and farm income soar." Survey of Tenth District Agricultural Credit Conditions. 4th Quarter. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Available online: http://www.kansascityfed.org/publicat/research/indicatorsdata/agcredit/AGCR4Q10.pdf
Peterson, W. (1986). "Land quality and prices." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 68(4), 812-819.
United States Census Bureau. (2009). Population Estimates. Available online: http://www.census.gov/popest/gallery/maps/
United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service. (2007). Census of Agriculture. Available online: http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_US/index.asp.
United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service. (2010). Charts and Maps of Land Values and Rental Rates. Available online: http://www.nass.usda.gov/Charts_and_Maps/Land_Values_and_Cash_Rents/index.asp
United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. (2009). Summary Report, 2007 National Resources Inventory. Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, DC, and Center for Survey Statistics and Methodology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/2007/2007_NRI_Summary.pdf
United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service. (2003). Urbanization and Development of Rural Land. National Resources Inventory 2001. Available online: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/NRI/2001/nri01dev.html
United States Department of Agriculture.(2010). Land Values and Cash Rents 2010 Summary. Available online: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1446
United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service and United Sates Department of Commerce Census Bureau. (2006). 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. Available online: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/fishing.html
Damona Doye (damona.doye@okstate.edu) is Sarkeys Distinguished Professor, Regents Professor and Extension Economist and B. Wade Brorsen (wade.brorsen@okstate.edu) is Jean & Patsy Neustadt Chair and Regents Professor. Both are in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
Theme Overview: Farmland Values
Jason Henderson and Brent Gloy
The Current Situation on Farmland Values and Ownership
Are Economic Fundamentals Driving Farmland Values?
Brent A. Gloy, Michael D. Boehlje, Craig L. Dobbins, Christopher Hurt, and Timothy G. Baker
The Role of Debt in Farmland Ownership
Brian C. Briggeman
Income and Capitalization Rate Risk in Agricultural Real Estate Markets
Gary D. Schnitkey and Bruce J. Sherrick
The Influence of Urban Areas on Farmland Values
Todd H. Kuethe, Jennifer Ifft, and Mitch Morehart


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text:
import {
  NormalizedRoot,
  Path,
  PathFragment,
  join,
  normalize,
  relative,
} from '@angular-devkit/core';
import { Action } from './action';
import { DelegateTree } from './delegate';
import {
  DirEntry,
  FileEntry,
  FileVisitor,
  MergeStrategy,
  Tree,
  TreeSymbol,
  UpdateRecorder,
} from './interface';

class ScopedFileEntry implements FileEntry {
  constructor(private _base: FileEntry, private scope: Path) {}

  get path(): Path {
    return join(NormalizedRoot, relative(this.scope, this._base.path));
  }

  get content(): Buffer {
    return this._base.content;
  }
}

class ScopedDirEntry implements DirEntry {
  constructor(private _base: DirEntry, readonly scope: Path) {}

  get parent(): DirEntry | null {
    if (!this._base.parent || this._base.path == this.scope) {
      return null;
    }

    return new ScopedDirEntry(this._base.parent, this.scope);
  }

  get path(): Path {
    return join(NormalizedRoot, relative(this.scope, this._base.path));
  }

  get subdirs(): PathFragment[] {
    return this._base.subdirs;
  }
  get subfiles(): PathFragment[] {
    return this._base.subfiles;
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  dir(name: PathFragment): DirEntry {
    const entry = this._base.dir(name);

    return entry && new ScopedDirEntry(entry, this.scope);
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  file(name: PathFragment): FileEntry | null {
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  visit(visitor: FileVisitor): void {
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        join(NormalizedRoot, relative(this.scope, path)),
        entry && new ScopedFileEntry(entry, this.scope),
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}

export class ScopedTree implements Tree {
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  constructor(private _base: Tree, scope: string) {
    const normalizedScope = normalize('/' + scope);
    this._root = new ScopedDirEntry(this._base.getDir(normalizedScope), normalizedScope);
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  branch(): Tree {
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  merge(other: Tree, strategy?: MergeStrategy): void {
    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-this-alias
    const self = this;
    const delegate = new (class extends DelegateTree {
      get actions(): Action[] {
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    this._base.merge(delegate, strategy);
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  getDir(path: string): DirEntry {
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    return entry && new ScopedDirEntry(entry, this._root.scope);
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  visit(visitor: FileVisitor): void {
    return this._root.visit(visitor);
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  // Change content of host files.
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    return this._base.overwrite(this._fullPath(path), content);
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  get actions(): Action[] {
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    for (const action of this._base.actions) {
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      if (action.kind !== 'r') {
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          path: join(NormalizedRoot, relative(this._root.scope, action.path)),
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      } else if (action.to.startsWith(this._root.scope + '/')) {
        scopedActions.push({
          ...action,
          path: join(NormalizedRoot, relative(this._root.scope, action.path)),
          to: join(NormalizedRoot, relative(this._root.scope, action.to)),
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    return scopedActions;
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  private _fullPath(path: string): Path {
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        ...action,
        path: this._fullPath(action.path),
        to: this._fullPath(action.to),
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        ...action,
        path: this._fullPath(action.path),
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    return fullPathAction;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you're not family in the medical field, or new to the medical life, please allow me a couple minutes to share some insight on these medical conferences before I share this brilliant tidbit I unearthed while in Maui.
Doc H, and others, must continue their education via Continuing Medical Education (CME) credits, hence these conferences. Here, doctors in a given specialty or group of similar specialties, will gather up to present and ponder incredibly thrilling and exciting topics, such as "Current Management of Perirectal Absess in the Non-Operative Arena" or "STAT1 Mutations in Autosomal Dominant Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis" which particularly caught my interest. Yawn.
The presenter presents his/her topic or paper via slide show, entertains a brief Q&A session afterwards, and so the day goes...all.day.long. Like I said- thrilling.
These conferences usually take place in an incredibly lovely vacation destination with the hope to increase attendance and possibly even break into the black when all is said and done. The nicer the destination and the hotel, conference organizers know they can count on the spouses to back the conference. The annual conference becomes almost synonymous with "family vacation".
But, just as all in life, there's irony in this. While we spouses and the kids are having the time of our lives, our husbands (or Doc wives-let's not leave them out) are cooped up inside a meeting room- working. So, it's not truly a "familly vacation" unless you stay a day or two extra, which isn't much time for anyone to wind down out of work mode.
Poor Doc H was already feeling overworked and overwhelmed by the end of Day 1 and commented how his is ready for a "real" vacation for himself. Being the super-supportive wife I always strive to be, I whole-heartedly agreed. We should indeed book a "real vacation" as soon as we return home. No arguments from me!
But, let's face it, we could never or perhaps, would never book such an extravagant vacation for ourselves and the kids. Had we paid regular retail for this vacation, it would have cost us thousands in hotel fees alone. Instead, because he helped with conference planning, presented a talk, and moderated a session, Doc H's airline ticket was expensed, the hotel room was free for three nights and the extra nights were highly discounted. My ticket was purchased with points. Yeah...this type of vacation isn't going to happen for Doc H without a conference involved....Poor Doc H...the guy always has to work!
My ears, spine, and hair on the back of my neck all stood up at once, I tell you!
Dr.Doc: Of course, Sweetie! You know what me and my Doc Hubby used to do?
Dr. Doc: One of us would sign up for a conference we had no interest in attending, such as pediatrics or something, sign up for the conference, and take advantage of the fabulous room rates!
Me: (pulling my jaw up out of the sand) REALLY?!
Dr. Doc: Oh, you should totally do it. Your Doc H works so hard. He deserves a wonderful vacation with the kids with no work!
As soon as I get home I'm researching pediatric conferences around the globe.
Love the new blog layout! Also - way to game the system! I vote you should go for it!
Oooh, this is excellent advice for later! I have made a mental note! I was going to suggest using points for vacation, and I see you're one step ahead of me! :) Seriously...doctors work so hard. It would be nice if they got thrown a bone sometimes.
P.S.- I LOVE your new blog design! It's gorgeous!
good for you! I hope this works out and you can have a family vacation!!
The Blonde Experiment: Who Won The Bet?


text:
Virginia loses 82-73 to Netherlands B team, drops to 1-1 on trip
By Raphielle JohnsonAug 10, 2012, 10:31 AM EDT
What a difference a day – and 22 turnovers – can make.
One day after beating the Netherlands B team 89-62 in the first game of their tour through Europe, the Virginia Cavalier fell to the same team 82-73 thanks in part to 22 turnovers.
Junior forward Joe Harris led the Cavalier with 23 points and point guard Jontel Evans added 14 to go along with six assists, but the turnovers combined with Netherlands' improved shooting proved to be too much to overcome.
"First, credit that team; those are a little more mature, grown men that had their pride wounded (yesterday)," said head coach Tony Bennett in the school release.
"They out-physicaled us. They were so ready, and they really took it to us and shot at an incredible clip. But we couldn't match their intensity or just their ability to do what they wanted. They imposed their will on us; we didn't do much."
Virginia got off to a good start, scoring the first nine points of the game, but the Dutch answered with a 9-1 run to get back into the contest.
Stefan Mladenovic and Gerald Robinson scored 15 points apiece to lead the Netherlands, whose were up by as many as 20 points (66-46 at the end of the third) before Virginia made a run in the fourth.
The trip, which continues in Belgium, is the first step in addressing life without All-ACC forward Mike Scott and guard Sammy Zeglinski.
According to Ken Pomeroy's numbers (subscription needed), Scott accounted for 29.7% of Virginia's offensive possessions, and with Harris ranking second on the team in that category (21.1%) he's the most likely player to become a primary offensive option.
But are there other players who can step up? Evans played well for much of last season and can be one of the better point guards in the ACC, and center Mike Tobey gives them an offensive threat at the position that the Cavaliers haven't had.
Sophomore Malcolm Brogdon missed the end of last season with a foot injury, but both he and freshman Justin Anderson will also factor into things offensively for the Cavaliers.
Losing Scott is a big loss, but while Virginia may not have one player who can step into that role they do have multiple players who can help carry the load.
Virginia returning to the NCAA tournament will depend on whether or not those players can do so on a consistent basis.
Raphielle is also the assistant editor at CollegeHoops.net and can be followed on Twitter at @raphiellej.


Artikel ini di ambil dari "900 English Conversation – Ivenie Dewintaris S." menceritakan tentang pekerjaan dan karier, semoga bisa menambah wawasan kalian.
Sometimes we say that someone we know is "a square peg in a round hole". This simply means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He maybe a book keeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately many people in the world are square pegs, they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing for one reason or another. As a result they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.
Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude test, interviews with specialist, and study of books in field of interest.
There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science. Then we right prepare ourselves to be chemist, physicist or biologist. Maybe our interest take us into the business world and such work accounting, personel management or public relations.
Many person find their place in government service, teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering-these many other offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training.
Well, before you do something it's good to knowing your interest of. Do not choose wrong career that you will regret of it.
Apa Arti Idiom "Make Ends Meet"?