text:
CARVED new video and Festival in July
It was the year 2007 when the Apuan quintet started to carve first plates of memory, drop by drop, step by step, forging his road to a paved path of labours and emotions, leading them to share important stages with best italian bands: Destrage, Necrodeath, Schizo, Vexed, Bejelit, Story of Jade, and many more, until 2010, when they gave birth the first self-titled EP, and the European tour supporting Necrodeath, in their 25° years of career celebrated tour. A long series of passing the torch travels down this road 'til 2013 and the release of the first full-length "Dies Irae"; from the famous finnish mastering studios Chartmakers Studio (Volbeat, Rammstein, Apocalyptica), and under the brilliant leadership of Bakerteam Records "Dies Irae" enters in the main channels of distribution, and it has been welcomed by critics, webzines, fanzines and radios with great enthusiasm. "Orchestral saturnine and drenched in pathos Dies Irae is an intense experience of sound, scope and atmosphere That commands your attention before conquering your soul." Robert Baker - The Midlands Rocks. Days of Wrath Tour started to promote the album, leading the band a year and a half in countries such as Czech Republic, Ukraine, Estonia and Latvia; sharing stages in big clubs and festival like Estragon in Bologna, Bingo Club in Kiev, Fontaine Palace in Liepaja, Rock Inn Somma fest, with impressive artists like Moonspell, Vader, Death, Gorguts, Skyforger and Amon Amarth. The journey absolutely needed a brand-new chapter, ending all that had been narrated in Dies Irae. "Kyrie Eleison" born in the end of 2015, second full-length album that concludes the narrative cycle started in the first work. Album entirely recorded, produced, mixed and mastered in Domination Studio by Simone Mularoni and Simone Bertozzi, and finally turned into images by the visionary arts of Simone Bertozzi; with very special guests of Marco Mantovani in the sound engineering of the orchestra and the exclusive violins of Federico Mecozzi, violinist of Mr Ludovico Einaudi. And now it's time to spread the story... now it's time to "carve" new memories!
Carved has released the new Lyric video for the track The Time Traveller, taken from the last album Thanatos.
The band will be on stage July 7th at Rock the Castle Festival with Slayer, Goijra, Phil Anselmo, Overkill, Onslaught, Necrodeath.
https://www.revalverecords.com/Carved.html
https://www.facebook.com/StayCarved/
https://www.facebook.com/revalverecords
https://www.instagram.com/revalverecords/
https://www.instagram.com/staycarved/
Albanian CROSSBONES Release New Official Video 'Realigning The Truth'!
Albanian CROSSBONES have released their new official video for the song "Realigning The Truth", taken from the band's new upcoming album "The Awakening", to be released by ALPHA OMEGA Records. Watch the video
Comments the band:
"We wanted to have an "on-the-road" and "behind-the-scenes" video. It's all about the journey, right? A mix of rehearsals, backstage moments and live on stage during our performance at Balkan Metal Meeting 5, Club Palma on the 18th of May 2019, Tuzla/Bosnia and Herzegovina. Video directed by DUKE New album recorded, mixed and master by Alex Azzali at Alpha Omega Records, Como/Italy."
"The Awakening" tracklist:
1. Under My Scars
2. Enlightened Fury
3. Realigning The Truth
5. Face Off
6. Facing My Fears
8. Man-Made God
CROSSBONES is the most recognized metal act in Albania and the only band from the mid 90's that still keeps going, today stronger than ever. Their new album "WWIII" is making quite a buzz since its launch in January 13th 2017. The news has spread throughout 3 continents, Europe, USA and Australia in about 100 webzines and portals with great reviews. The album was produced, mixed and mastered by Tommy Talamanca (Sadist) at Nadir Music Studios. "WWIII" combines American thrash metal influences with a dark sound and typical Est European sonorities. The result is an album created with the intention of hit hard the ears of the listener without losing melodic passages and "catchy" riffs, and where the recurring use of both English and Albanian languages marks a new way in the European post-thrash genre. Among countless gigs and performances, CROSSBONES have played with Rock and Metal giants such as Ian Paice, legendary drummer of Deep Purple and as a direct support act for Greek Black Metal legends of Rotting Christ. Furthermore the band has headlined many concerts and festivals in Italy, Greece, FYROM, Montenegro, Kosovo, toured in Baltics (Estonia and Latvia), Ukraine and headlined Balkan Metal Meeting 4 Tuzla/Bosnia, April 27-28 2018, and more.
Also watch official lyric videos:
"That Kind Of Feeling": https://youtu.be/PLXdf8OuVSY
"I'm God": https://youtu.be/7Kh1Trvrfu4
More information at:
BAND: https://www.facebook.com/CrossbonesBandAlbania
MANAGEMENT: https://alphaomega-management.com | https://www.facebook.com/OfficialAlphaOmegaManagement
Ancient Oak Consort - new singer and new album
Ancient Oak Consort introduce their new singer Chiara di Mare, already known as front woman of the symphonic metal band Aresea.
https://www.instagram.com/kyrahaylin
The band is currently at work on the new album wich will be ready at the end of 2019.
Check out the last album Hate, War, Love at: https://backl.ink/1254
https://www.revalverecords.com/AncientOakConsort.html
https://www.facebook.com/Ancient-Oak-Consort-692226317645854/
Ancient Oak Consort was born in 1995, founded by Andrea Vaccarella (composer/guitarist). The 1th album Ancient Oak, released in 1997; the 2th album The Acoustic Resonance of Soul, released in 2006.Ancient Oak Consort is a Rock-Progressive-Metal band with Chamber Music and Mediterranean Folk influences.Ancient Oak Consort is a project composed of 3 fixed members and special guests. Why Consort? Because in Renaissance music Consort means that some musicians play music with the founding musicians. The important thing is the use of classic guitar and the compositions of chamber music inspired by great composers like Ennio Morricone, Nino Rota.
5RAND Italian melodic death metallers unleash release details of upcoming album Dark Mother
Italian melodic death metallers 5RAND return with their second album "Dark Mother". The effort is set for a release on 6th September 2019 with powerhouse label Time To Kill Records.
"Dark Mother" has been produced by longtime collaborator Marco Mastrobuono (FLESHGOD APOCALYPSE, HOUR OF PENANCE) at Kick Recording Studio and Bloom Recording Studios, while mastering has been handled by famous Swedish producer Jens Bogren (KREATOR, KATATONIA, AMORPHIS) at Fascination Street Studios. The epic album artwork has been designed by the talented Hans Trasid with layout by Roberto Toderico (SODOM, ASPHYX, PESTILENCE).
"Dark Mother" shows the band staying true to their diverse and catchy style, taking elements from melodic death metal and industrial throughout the album's 11 tracks. The song "Silent Spring" features arrangements by Francesco Ferrini, keyboardist and songwriter of FLESHGOD APOCALYPSE.
"Dark Mother" tracklist:
01. Collapsing Theory
02. Embrace the Fury
03. Several Injuries
04. The Awakening
05. Black Ocean
06. Cold Deception
07. Feel the End
08. Old Angel Midnight
09. Blind Addiction
10. Before the Flood
11. Silent Spring
Pre-orders available HERE.
5RAND is a metal band from Italy: their sound combines Julia Elenoir's clean and growling vocals, melodic, ethereal elements and the aggressive riffing of extreme metal, evoking a dark, disturbing violent, and yet captivating, atmosphere, often conjuring comparisons to acts such as Slipknot, Fear Factory and Dark Tranquillity.
Following on the heels of the widely hailed debut album "Sacred/Scared" (2017), 5RAND toured Italy and Europe supporting Vader and Immolation and openened for bands such as Behemoth and Sepultura in several occasions. In 2018 the band toured Europe supporting Dark Tranquillity and Equilibrium and played many more headlining shows all over Italy.
The second album "Dark Mother" will be released worldwide on 6th September 2019 via Time To Kill Records. The release will be once again followed by an intense live activity.
5RAND line-up:
Julia Elenoir – Vocals
Pierluigi Carocci – Guitar
Riccardo Zito – Bass
Andrea De Carolis– Drums
www.5RAND.net
https://www.facebook.com/5RANDofficial/
https://twitter.com/5rand_official
http://www.instagram.com/5RAND_Official
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0NYNP2eGJ9VrDrNYuNvG7w
https://www.facebook.com/timetokillrecords/
http://www.timetokill-records.com/
Hypersonic set release date for new single 'Path Of Salvation'
Hypersonic are ready to release the new single Path Of Salvation, the first song played by the new singer Eleonora Russo.
The track has been mixed and mastered by Riccardo Samperi at TRP MUSIC STUDIOS and will be out on July 19 via Revalve Records.
Cover art by: Tavares Artwork.
The band will be on stage at:
Rainbow Rock July 25 (Sweden)
Brainstorm festival November 8 (Netherlands)
https://www.revalverecords.com/Hypersonic.html
https://www.facebook.com/hypersonicband
https://www.instagram.com/hypersonic_metalband/
Hypersonic was born in 2006 by the idea of Salvo Grasso and Emanuele Gangemi. The line-up established with Maria Rita Randazzo on vocals, Francesco Testai on keyboards and Giuseppe Carciotto on bass.When Maria Rita and Giuseppe left, the band welcomed Vera Romeo and Francesco Caruso.In 2007 Hypersonic released his first demo (Demo 2007 with the first tracks composed by the drummer Salvo Grasso and the guitarist Emanuele Gangemi.A new singer, Alessia Rapisarda joined the band in 2008 and her beautiful and powerful voice was welcomed with enthusiasm.At the beginning of 2008 the band released their first EP entitled Inspiration Is Transpiration; it was acclaimed with positive feedback from magazines and various radio promotions.In the following months Francesco Testai left the band for personal reasons so Dario Caruso, Francesco's brother, became the new keyboarder: the line-up was finally accomplished.During these years the band took part in numerous live shows and Rock and Metal festivals.In March 2009 Hypersonic entered at Tower Hill Studio (Belpasso / Catania-Italy) to record their first album Fallen Melodies, mixed by Luigi Scuderi and Salvo Grasso and mastered by Riccardo Samperi at TRP MUSIC STUDIO (Tremestieri Etneo / Catania-Italy).In December 2010 Hypersonic released the new single Rebirth online from the album. In January 2011, the band signed a record deal with Underground Symphony to release the debut album Fallen Melodies, scheduled for January 31th.Fallen Melodies had a great success in the following months, receiving great reviews and interviews from Heavy Metal zine and webzines worldwide.Hypersonic played in different European and Italian festivals like Elements Of Rock (Switzerland), Femetal Fest and We Rock Fest (Italy).In January 2016 the band signed a record deal with Revalve Records for the releasing of the new album entitled Existentia.The new album is a concept based on the existence of man and the spiritual affairs afterlife and it will be released in March/April 2016.In the album there are some special guests like:Michele Luppi (Secret Sphere, ex-Vision Divine, Killing Touch, Los Angeles), Tommy ReinXeed Johansson (ReinXeed, Golden Resurrection), Jo Lombardo (Metatrone, Ancestral), Roberta Pappalardo (Black Roses), and more.Mix and Mastering are edited by Riccardo Samperi at TRP MUSIC STUDIO (Tremestieri Etneo / Catania-Italy).
in September 2016 Great Achievement for Hypersonic!!!
#38° in Itunes Netherlands Rock Chart
#78° in Itunes Switzerland Rock Chart
SON OF A SHOTGUN Release Sound Check Video For New Album!
ALESSANDRO SPARACIA Endless 2019
SURVIVAL IS SUICIDE To Join MINISTRY and DYING FETUS
F.WAY: Debut Full-Length Album 'Anything but new'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Spring finally burst upon Western New York on Saturday with a high of 67 degrees and even a fair amount of sunshine.
But while conditions over the next two days will be mostly favorable, rain is headed our way Monday.
According to forecasters at the Buffalo office of the National Weather Service, today will start out mostly cloudy and then give way to partly sunny conditions this afternoon. Look for a high in the upper 50s.
For Monday, the Weather Service is calling for a slight chance of rain in the morning, followed by the possibility of thunderstorms in the afternoon. Monday's high temperatures are expected to land in the mid-50s.
LOCKPORT -- The Common Council this week agreed to allow Lockport Main Street Inc. to apply for a $251,300 state grant that would be used to improve five downtown buildings.
Heather Peck, director of Lockport Main Street, would not identify the buildings for privacy reasons, although she said they would be disclosed if the city wins the grant. It applied unsuccessfully last year, using a slightly different list of buildings. The New York Main Street grant requires the building owner to pay 25 percent of the cost of the improvement project, Peck said.
Two hockey fans from Austria who missed all but the last 30 seconds of Wednesday's Buffalo Sabres playoff game are getting a second chance to watch countryman Thomas Vanek and his team in action today.
Kim Pegula, the wife of Sabres owner Terry Pegula, has set aside two tickets to this afternoon's contest against the Philadelphia Flyers for Alois and Thomas Lindner, team spokesman Mike Gilbert said Saturday.
The father-and-son duo, who planned a trip to America around Game Four of the series, missed nearly all of the game because of flight delays.
Kim Pegula responded to an article in The Buffalo News about the Lindners' trek to see Vanek and soak up the playoff atmosphere in HSBC Arena.
The Lindners spent the first part of the weekend in Toronto, where they watched Friday's game in a sports bar and planned to visit the Hockey Hall of Fame on Saturday, said their host, David Straitiff. The team is trying to arrange a meeting between the Lindners and Vanek after today's game.
The Italian-American Police Association is sponsoring college scholarship awards honoring two officers killed in the line of duty, Erie County Sheriff's Deputy Robert S. Insalaco and Buffalo Patrol Officer David J. Scime.
High school seniors in Erie or Niagara counties can learn more about the scholarship awards by visiting ww.iapawny.org, or e-mailing Samuel F. Amato at sfamato1@verizon.net. Scholarship applications are due by next Sunday.


text:
Q: Find $\int \frac{1}{x^7-x}dx$.
Find $\displaystyle \int \dfrac{1}{x^7-x}dx$.

I've seen methods break this up into partial fractions but what is the best way to solve this?

A: To elaborate on the previous answer, let $u=1-x^{-6}$. Then $$\frac{dx}{x^7-x} = \frac{du}{6u}$$

A: Take $x^7$ outside of the denominator. The other term's derivative is $1/{x^7}$. Its pretty evident from there.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Immram
An immram (/ˈɪmrəm/; plural immrama; Irish: iomramh, IPA: [ˈʊmˠɾˠəw], voyage) is a class of Old Irish tales concerning a hero's sea journey to the Otherworld (see Tír na nÓg and Mag Mell). Written in the Christian era and essentially Christian in aspect, they preserve elements of Irish mythology.
The immrama are identifiable by their focus on the exploits of the heroes during their search for the Otherworld, located in these cases in the islands far to the west of Ireland. The hero sets out on his voyage for the sake of adventure or to fulfill his destiny, and generally stops on other fantastic islands before reaching his destination. He may or may not be able to return home again.
The immrama are generally confused with a similar Irish genre, the echtrae or "adventure". Both types of story involve a hero's journey to an "otherworld", whether a Christian paradise, a fairyland, the land of the gods or a utopia. They are distinguished by date; echtrai are older, dating from the 7th century, while the earliest immram dates only to the 8th century.David Dumville argues that the immrama include more Christian thinking than the more pagan genre of echtrae and that, whereas the purpose of the echtrai is to enhance understanding of the old gods and the land in which they live, in an immram these pagan elements occur as a challenge to the hero's faith. In an echtrae the protagonist only ever goes to one location and may arrive in the otherworld with no explanation of the journey, whereas in an immram the hero always has multiple adventures on several islands.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Immram
Immram, Oakhelm
Upon the waves the ancient's graves
Thru tempest, thirst and plague
Beneath the sky of the maters eye
So grey, we sail for Eire
Blind, embarking in purple twilight
Westward, through the night
A shore to be reached
A batle beseached inside
In darkness the fearful sat beside themselves without a pride
A greater power guide, challenged, guarded the thresholds of their minds
And then an island came in sight
A weary crews heart filled with light
Until a scent of death blew east
Bones strewn for a raven's feast
Our ship was thrown into the rocks
Impaling three on boney docks
Perhaps our fate was to be late
A grave at sea, merciful would be
Fire...reigning from the sky
Water...endless brime
Air...parching, hot and dry
For earth we search and pray to find
Scorn...hungry and bleeding and left for dead
Hopeless...could we trust our minds?
Desperation...forced to feed upon the dead
Surely hell is on this earth!!
Staggering we reached the western shore
Dying we faced our every fear
Regret then was meaningless
Salvation! A three skinned boat appeared!
Now we flee the west, having passed our test
The horrors beckoned, 'join us' forever would we rest
But nay, to our land we shall return to pass the stories on,


I started working at the age of 14, and I did not retire until my full Social Security age, which, for me, was 66. I wanted to draw every penny of income that I could. I paid into the program during all of my working life and wanted to collect my retirement income. This was not a government benefit; this was a return of my own savings.
On a Sunday night in June 1993, my husband and I went to bed. On Monday morning, I woke to find my husband dead. He was 48; I was 46. I have been on my own ever since.
I decided to remain in the home in Cleveland, Ohio, that I'd shared with my husband for 20 years. After all, both my husband and I had been born in Cleveland, Ohio. Both my parents had been born in Cleveland, Ohio. It was my home. All I knew.
However, on my own after my husband was gone, I came to a realization. When the time came to retire, I was leaving Cleveland, Ohio. It may have been all I'd known, but I sure wasn't going to spend the remainder of my life there.
Retiring beyond Cleveland was one thing. Retiring overseas was something else entirely, an idea that, when I began planning for retirement, didn't even occur to me.
I bought a series of books on retiring in different regions of the United States—"Retire in the Northwest"… "Retire in the Southeast"… etc. Everything I read seemed to offer an exciting alternative that sounded like the ideal choice. After two years of this, I was really confused.
Realizing I'd never be able to make a decision this way, I set out to experience different options firsthand. I bought a fifth-wheel trailer and spent five years traveling around the United States.
Climate was very important to me. I'd grown to dislike Cleveland summers immensely—way too hot and humid. I was tired of spending all of my time indoors in air conditioning. Winters were almost as bad—too much snow and howling winds. I was tired of having to pay for snow removal, and, again, I was tired of being captive indoors.
Another priority as I considered my options for retirement was healthy living.
In Ohio, I was a member of a herd-share program, entitled to my share of the production from the herd on an Amish farm. I made my own yogurt and ice cream from the raw milk. I bought their raw butter and their grass-fed, free-range, hormone-free meats. Wherever I eventually settled for retirement, I wanted to continue this lifestyle.
Something else was important, too. As retirement grew closer, I knew that I did not want to have to lower my standard of living. I had worked all of my life to enjoy certain luxuries and was unwilling to give them up. I like my manicures and my visits to the hair salon, and I'd always enjoyed being a member of the Cleveland Orchestra Society, the Botanical Gardens, the Zoological Society, Playhouse Square, the Cleveland Playhouse, the Light Opera Company, Cleveland Metroparks, etc. I'm a joiner. I like community.
Then, via an ad in an alternative health newsletter that I subscribed to, a big new idea suggested itself. "How To Retire Overseas," the ad read.
I followed the link, and it led to the Live and Invest Overseas website. I wasn't suddenly sold on the idea of leaving the United States, but I was looking for a Plan B, and I was definitely intrigued by what I found on the Live and Invest Overseas site. It seemed to offer a very interesting Plan B.
I made a list of all the things that were important to me in retirement, and then I began researching everything I could on the idea of retiring to a new country where I might find those things. Eventually, my research led to two options: Medellín, Colombia, and Cuenca, Ecuador. Just as when I'd been considering options within the United States, I knew that the only way to determine whether either of these two cities might work for me would be to visit them. I traveled first to Medellín.
After a few days in Medellín, I determined that, for me, it was too hot, too humid, too crowded, too big… just too much. Then I got worried. What if I travel to Cuenca and that isn't for me either? I will have to start all over again.
But that was not the case. Within a few days in Cuenca, I knew that I had found my next home. What I discovered in this mountain city were friendly people who were not only willing to help but who greeted me warmly and went out of their way to help. I liked the weather, the scenery, the culture, the food, the prices, the available health care, the architecture, the amenities, the size, the walkability, the transportation system—just about everything. I returned to Cleveland confident of my plan. I would retire to Cuenca.
I started my retirement on Aug. 31, 2012, at the age of 66. One week later, on Sept. 7, I was in Cuenca.
I'm living in a three-story, single-family home in an Ecuadorian neighborhood. The home is not only beautiful but has exactly what I was hoping for in outdoor space. I rented the place unfurnished, which meant I needed to find furniture. Neighbors I met took me shopping all around town. Everything in my home is to my taste, and many items were custom-made just for me. In the States, I never would have been able to afford to furnish a home like this.
I've made so many new friends. One invited me to her home for Christmas Eve dinner. There I met her parents, brothers, sisters, and children. In my neighborhood, I am surrounded by Ecuadorians. They do not speak English, but they look out for me. I feel perfectly safe in this community.
I'm also delighted because the cost of living here is as low as I'd been led to believe it would be. I pay US$350 a month in rent. My internet (the fastest speed available) is US$80 a month. Cable (I selected the most deluxe package) is US$85 monthly. Water, gas, and electricity total US$32 a month. I spend US$8 a month for my cell phone service.
Because my necessity costs are so low, I'm able to afford all the little luxuries that I enjoy. I go for a manicure weekly for US$8. I have a facial monthly for US$25 and my hair colored, cut, and styled each month for US$45. You can spend as much or as little as you want for grocery shopping and dining out. I haven't really kept track but guess that I spend about US$50 per week on groceries and US$50 per week on dining out.
Most of my friends and family think that I am very brave, leaving the United States and moving to a new continent all alone. I don't think of it that way. I use magicJack and Skype to keep in touch with all of my friends back home. They cannot believe how full and rich my life has become. Some are envious.
Most important for me, though, is that, while I made the move here alone, I am not alone. My days and nights are filled with activity and company. Sometimes I have a hard time deciding what to do next, and I cannot walk through town without seeing someone I know. At this point, I cannot imagine moving back to the United States again. I love being retired in Cuenca.


text:
West failed Syria and left 'pitch wide open for Russia' claims Boris Johnson
8 Dec, 2017 14:37
© Bassam Khabieh © Reuters
The West failed Syria and left "the pitch wide open for Russia," says UK Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson. "We set the red lines ... and then we did nothing about it," he commented in London on Thursday, criticizing Western "aloofness."
Johnson admitted the West had set out red lines for intervention in Syria and then failed to follow through, enabling Russia and Iran to enforce their foreign policies in the war-torn country.
Boris wants UK back in Middle East… RT looks at the mess British foreign policy created before
"We called on [President Bashar] Assad to go. We set the red lines of what we would accept in his treatment of the Syrian population. And then we did nothing about it," Johnson said, according to Bloomberg. "We willed the end, and failed to will the means - leaving the pitch wide open for Russia and Iran."
Johnson added that problems in the Middle East "have been exacerbated not so much by Western meddling as by our aloofness."
Former US President Barack Obama had drawn a 'red line' in 2012 with Assad over chemical weapons, only to be seen to back away from it in 2013.
In 2016, Obama offered the Atlantic his reasons for not enforcing that red line: uneasiness about a strike against Syria not being sanctioned by the US Congress, a lack of support from the international community and the American people and the possibility that the intelligence on the chemical weapons attack wasn't 100 percent.
"We had UN inspectors on the ground who were completing their work, and we could not risk taking a shot while they were there. A second major factor was the failure of [UK Prime Minister David] Cameron to obtain the consent of parliament," Obama said.
It has been claimed that the Obama administration's determination to close an Iran nuclear deal was likely to blame for the failure to act on its own red line in Syria. "When the president announced his plans to attack [the Assad regime] and then pulled back, it was exactly the period in time when American negotiators were meeting with Iranian negotiators secretly in Oman to get the nuclear agreement," the Wall Street Journal reported.
READ MORE: Russia preparing to withdraw military contingent from Syria – security chief
David Cameron then lost a parliamentary vote for military intervention in Syria. The UK later hit Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS) targets in Syria, however, following a House of Commons vote in December 2015.
In April of this year, Johnson claimed if the US wanted to carry out strikes on forces loyal to Assad, the UK would find it hard to resist joining in. He also suggested there would not be a parliamentary vote on the decision because it solely rested with the prime minister.
Theresa May, however, said Johnson's comments were "hypothetical" and that "there is no proposal on the table for further strikes in Syria." Shadow Foreign Secretary Emily Thornberry told the BBC Johnson was "delusional."
Last week, Russia announced that it had started preparations to downsize its military presence in Syria. Its head of national security, Nikolay Patrushev, did not provide a timetable for the pull-out but said it will start "when ready."
Moscow previously indicated that progress in defeating IS in Syria meant the need for Russian air support for local armed forces would diminish, prompting a reduction in Russia's military footprint.
'Ignorant' Chancellor Philip Hammond says disabled workers may be hitting Britain's productivity
Civil war brewing in parliament as Tory infighting spreads
Police officer filmed claiming black people commit more crime cleared of racism
YouTube prankster cements internet infamy… along with own head in microwave in Wolverhampton
May clinches Brexit divorce deal: Here's what still lies on the long road ahead


FRESNO, Calif. (KFSN) -- It was a busy night at the Chicken Shack last Friday when a couple walked to the counter.
Employees say it's apparent now they were swindlers who never intended to place an order.
"The guy grabbed a couple of cups. Then they come over and say, 'Would you like to order.' They say 'Aw, yeah, something'," said Damon Miller, owner of Chicken Shack.
Miller says he is furious about what happens next.
In the video, you can see the man grab two soda cups without paying in an attempt to divert the cashier.
As the employee walks away, the woman reaches into the tip jar.
"My staff did not see it, customers saw it, and some customers went after the lady, and she went off running," Miller said.
The restaurant posted the video online to warn and alert other potential thieves that they have cameras and plenty of surveillance.
The owner says he's particularly grateful for all the customers who were looking out for his workers.
"It's really discouraging; you know my team works hard here. Whatever tips they get they split it among everybody," Miller said.
Miller doesn't know exactly how much money was taken, but he has personally donated $100 out of his pocket to tip his employees.


Just a quick summary of the action at the club this week. Quite a mixed bag. Horror boardgame action with Kingdom Death (the clue's in the name), Bolt action in the deserts of North Africa, Steampunk conflict in Warmachine, Wizards battling it out in the ruins of Frostgrave and Napoleonic conflict, somewhere in the 19th Century.


Moving Euclid BV Belt Loader with Euclid Bottom Dump Wagon alongside. BV Loader stands for "Blade-veyor" and it was not a self propelled machine it was pulled by a bulldozer, as seen in this image. Its exactly like a Holland Loader but Euclid started making the BV's back in the 1940's before them I believe. It works like a scraper does but the dirt moves up a conveyor belt and then its loaded into the 'Bottom Dump' wagon running alongside of it. The book EUCLID: Earth-moving Equipment 1924-1968 has an entire section on the BV Loaders.


text:
A Crazy Weight-Loss Bet Just Won These Brothers $150,000
Jaime and Matthew Staples had one year to get within one pound of each other's weight — a difference of 169 pounds.
By Reegan von Wildenradt
Instagram/Jaime Staples
One had over 50 pounds of weight to gain, the other over 100 pounds to lose. But with $150,000 on the line, brothers Matthew and Jaime Staples figured out a way to make it happen.
A post shared by Jaime Staples (@jaimestaples)
They may be brothers, but one year ago, the two poker pros from Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, looked like two very different guys. 21-year-old Matthew weighed 135 pounds, and 26-year-old Jaime weighed 304. Then they were offered an unorthodox proposition: get within one pound of each other in the span of one year, and win $150,000. Talk about motivation to hit the gym.
Although it wasn't easy, the Staples brothers managed to achieve the colossal feat, both weighing in at 188.3 pounds one year after making the bet with a billionaire. Jaime ended up losing 115 pounds, while Matt gained 53. Now they're both in a healthier, stronger place...and $150,000 richer.
It all started on a boat. Last March, the two brothers were live-streaming a poker game on a boat belonging to Bill Perkins, a hedge-fund manager and poker player. During the stream, one viewer suggested that it would be crazy if Matt and Jaime could get down to the same weight. Perkins, having a reputation for loving a good prop bet, thought it was a great idea. "He gave us 50-1 odds, and we put down the max bet, $3,000," Jaime, a PokerStars Ambassador, said. "That was on March 25 of last year."
The rules were simple: neither were allowed to take human growth hormone or steroids, or get any sort of weight-loss surgery. Other than that, the two had one year to get within one pound of each other's weight. "If we were within 1.3 pounds of each other, we would have lost the bet," Jaime explained.
The two quickly enlisted the help of personal trainer Mike Vacanti, who was faced with two very different body types with two very different goals.
A post shared by Matt Staples (@matthew_stapless)
"We knew right away that we had to try and get Jaime down at least 100 pounds," Vacanti told MensHealth.com, "So we put Jaime in extreme calorie deficit because he had to lose weight at a very fast rate."
Before the challenge, Jaime said he was an emotional eater, turning to nutrient-stripped take-out and pizza both to celebrate help him feel better. "Nutrition was definitely the biggest challenge," Jaime said, "I've always struggled with living a healthy lifestyle. I knew I had a lot of learning to do."
Vacanti put Jaime on a diet of roughly 1,400 calories a day. He traded in pizzas for salads and take-out for healthy protein like chicken.
Jaime created even more of a calorie deficit by getting in two hours of low-intensity cardio a day, which usually consisted of exploring whatever city he was currently visiting by foot. He also did two full-body weightlifting sessions a week, consisting of mostly compound movements to help build total body strength.
"I really enjoyed the workouts. Low-intensity cardio was great for me," Jaime said, "The nutrition was definitely the biggest challenge, especially in the last few months, but it was easy to stay motivated because I knew I couldn't not get through it. My brother was depending on me."
Jaime also explained there were plenty of external motivators to help him out, as well. "We were documenting the entire journey on YouTube…a bunch of people were rooting for us. There were people rooting against us, too, and I really wanted to prove them wrong," he said.
Matt, on the other hand, had a very different challenge. "We knew that Matt needed to gain about 45 pounds of weight to give us a shot at winning, maybe closer to 50," Vacanti explained, "We knew from the beginning that he was going to have to put on some body fat in the process. The goal was to gain as much muscle as possible, but it was a dirty bulk from the start."
So while Jaime was working hard to eat as clean as possible, Matt was eating the most calorie-dense foods he could find, on top of doing five to six intense lifting sessions a week. "I was aiming to eat about 3,000 to 3,500 calories a day," Matt said.
While that may sound fun, Matt said eating as much as he could, every single day of the week, got exhausting. "The last four months of the bet were the most challenging. I had already put on a lot of pounds, and I was getting very tired of having to eat all day, every day," he said. "I would feel so full and drained at the end of the day."
But the months of hard work paid off, literally, when they stepped on the scale one year later and weighed in at the exact same — 188.3 pounds.
Jaime, Mike, and Matt at final weigh-in
Jaime Staples
While the two were ecstatic with the results, Jaime said he wasn't surprised they did it. "When we first started the bet, I figured we would find a way to do it," he said. "As the bet progressed and we had some structure to what we were doing, I knew we had it. Four months out, there was not a doubt in my mind. We were counting on each other, so it was easy to stay motivated."
Now that the bet is over, both brothers are committing to continuing their healthy lifestyles, although not quite as extreme as it's been the past year. "I am not going to stay in a calorie deficit," Jaime said, "I'm going to relax a bit for a couple weeks, but next I want to add some muscle to my frame."
And Matt? He's looking forward to eating less and revealing those muscles hiding underneath his extra body fat. "I'm definitely entering a cutting phase, much less calories," he said. "I'm looking forward to seeing what my body looks like with all the muscle I've put on."
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It's just a writer, really - but with a twist. It's a writer's job to explain a product or a service or a concept in a way that's interesting and easy to understand. It's a copywriter's job to go one step further and persuade someone to use that service, purchase that product or buy into that concept.
It's a copywriter who lives and works in the great city of Brighton (and Hove) on the sunny south coast of England. The Brighton Copywriter's a useful catch-all for the various copywriting services on offer to individuals and businesses all across Brighton, Hove, Sussex and the south of England.
Because - bluntly - most people can't write, even the ones who think they can. And they certainly can't write persuasively or with the brevity and precision the web requires. It's hard to get to the point when you've got so many points to make, which makes it easy to write about the wrong things. So you tell visitors about the company's history or your qualifications or the technical ins and outs of the business, instead of explaining how your experience and technical knowhow means that you can do a great job for your customers. You look inwards instead of outwards because it's hard to write about a product or a service or a business that's close to your heart without talking too much about what it is, rather than what it can do.
A good copywriter offers distance and clarity, as well as grace and - fingers crossed - good grammar.
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text:
Star-studded music line-up for The Grand Prix Ball
By admin10 December, 20112010, gp ball
The Grand Prix Ball is delighted to announce the entertainment at the Hurlingham Club on Wednesday 7 July as the country gears up for what is set to be a thrilling 2010 British Grand Prix. There is something for everyone in the evening's packed star‐studded line‐up, with sets from Sugababes, Seb Fontaine, Eddie Jordan and The Robbers, Darius Campbell and Ben Montague.
Headlining the evening is Britain's top girl group, Sugababes, with the trio of Heidi Range, Jade Ewen and Amelle Berrabah set to perform some of the greatest hits from the band's 12‐year repertoire. Sugababes have been named the most successful female act of the 21st century by the Guinness Book of World Records as they boast six UK number one singles and eighteen top‐ten hits to their name.
For the more musical of fans, Darius Campbell, the winner of ITV's 'Popstar to Operastar', will be dropping in to perform a variety of swing songs with his sultry Scottish baritone. Darius also recently performed in the world famous opera Carmen at The O2 Arena with The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, playing the illustrious role of Escamillo. The last few years have seen him have hit singles and platinum albums, tour the world with Shakhira and Alanis Morissette, as well as several lead roles in the West End and on TV.
To keep the dancefloor kicking until the small hours, there will be a set by internationally celebrated DJ Seb Fontaine, courtesy of F1 Rocks™, which will be making its much‐awaited comeback later this year. Seb, who has been at the top of the house and dance music scene for two decades, has enjoyed a huge career, including a famous residency at top UK club Cream and his own show on BBC Radio 1.
F1 Rocks™ brings together the world's most glamorous sport with the biggest music stars to create the world's most exciting broadcast led entertainment platform. An unprecedented fusing of music megastars and Formula 1 lifestyle, F1 Rocks™ provides a unique and groundbreaking global entertainment and marketing platform.
From the established to the up‐and‐coming, The Grand Prix Ball will also see a performance by celebrated singer/songwriter Ben Montague. Ben's single 'Haunted' recently took the coveted record of the week slot on BBC Radio 2 and he is fresh from a headline performance at the Isle of Wight festival. Ben will play tracks from his debut album 'Overcome'.
As previously confirmed, BBC Formula 1 pundit and former team owner Eddie Jordan will also be taking to the stage with his acclaimed pop/rock covers band, The Robbers.
Jonny Dodge, Managing Director
jonny.dodge@gpmworldwide.com
Amy Mansell, Event Director
amy.mansell@gpmworldwide.com
For media enquiries please contact:
Rebecca Banks
Captivate Communications
rebecca.banks@gpmworldwide.com


text:
La filosofía de la historia es la rama de la filosofía que estudia el desarrollo y las formas en las cuales los seres humanos crean la historia.

Las preguntas sobre las cuales trabaja la filosofía de la historia son tan diversas y complejas como los motivos que las han provocado. Algunas de las cuestiones fundamentales son: ¿Existe un fin u objetivo teleológico de la historia, es decir un propósito, diseño, principio director o finalidad en el proceso de creación de la historia? ¿Hay patrones en el pasado humano, por ejemplo ciclos o progreso? ¿Existe el progreso y su antítesis en la historia? ¿Cuáles son, en tal caso, sus respectivas direcciones? ¿Y cuál es la fuerza directriz de ese progreso, de existir?

Otra cuestión clásica es determinar cuál es el sujeto histórico adecuado al estudio del pasado humano. ¿Es el individuo, las organizaciones sociales, la cultura, o acaso la especie humana por entero? Algunos filósofos modernos sostienen que la historia ha dejado de ser el estudio de unidades, de hechos, pasando a ser el estudio de una compleja totalidad, que comprende no solo las acciones humanas pasadas y sus consecuencias visibles, sino un sinnúmero de factores en su contexto, como las relaciones humanas, las corrientes de pensamiento, las motivaciones particulares y, tal vez el factor más recientemente incorporado y que más ha revolucionado la filosofía de la historia, es el de los pensamientos, acciones, relaciones y motivaciones de aquel individuo que escribe la historia, esto es, del historiador.

Historia de la disciplina

Carácter histórico de la filosofía y carácter filosófico de la historia

El ser humano es un ser histórico en contraposición a los seres naturales, que no tienen posibilidad de cambio, son estáticos. Sin embargo, el ser humano se está haciendo constantemente a sí mismo. En la medida que la filosofía tiene un carácter histórico quiere decir que está determinada espacio-temporalmente, está siempre situada de una forma determinada, planteándole problemas que le plantean la sociedad en la que vive y su momento histórico.

Los filósofos buscan soluciones a problemas concretos pero plantean las respuestas con carácter universal, por eso Platón, cuando se enfrenta a la descomposición política de Atenas, tras la muerte de Pericles, las tiranías y la corrupción de la nueva democracia, y plantea una solución definitiva y universal, La República que es utópica y teórica, mientras que los políticos de la época lo que buscaban eran soluciones a corto plazo, parches al problema, en lugar de arreglarlo desde los cimientos.

La historia por su parte también tiene un carácter filosófico, y necesita siempre una narración filosófica que complemente su sentido. Habrá, por tanto, historiadores idealistas y materialistas, hegelianos y marxistas, positivistas y hermenéuticos, etc. La filosofía de la historia va tan intrínseca a la historia como el propio pensamiento del historiador, que tendrá, quiera o no quiera, una determinada perspectiva filosófica que siempre está actuando.
Observamos que filosofía e historia están siempre en contacto íntimo.

Filosofía especulativa de la historia y filosofía crítica de la historia

Según el francés Raymond Aron la filosofía especulativa de la historia se ocupa de los hechos y pretende ordenarlos de diversas formas y la filosofía crítica es la historia concreta con el fin de crear los conceptos que nos permiten comprender la realidad histórica.

El filósofo español Ferrater Mora llamará a la filosofía especulativa de la historia "filosofía material" de la historia y la filosofía crítica de la historia la llamara "filosofía formal de la historia".

Según Danton la filosofía sustantiva busca el sentido de la historia con el fin de comprender y poder prever el devenir histórico y la filosofía analítica aplica la reflexión filosófica de la historia, es decir, la historiografía. Para conseguirlo se emplean dos pautas:

 Buscar en el pasado las leyes que rigen la historía para prever el futuro.
 Establecer supuestos principios que motivan a la historía y que la dotan de un sentido que es, a la vez, fin y final de la historia.

La filosofía especulativa de la historia apareció en el  de la mano de muchos autores pero, sobre todo de Inmanuel Kant, junto al idealismo alemán, cuyas ideas llegan a su final con las lecciones sobre filosofía de la historia universal en la Universidad de Berlín de Hegel. Sus conclusiones pervivirán en el positivismo de Comte y el materialsimo histórico de Karl Marx, aunque ambos discrepan ante la metafísica de Hegel, y los dos persisten en la idea de establecer esquemas preconcebidos a los hechos.

La filosofía crítica de la historia renuncia a significar el fin último del ser histórico y se limita al análisis crítico de los supuestos que subyacen en el trabajo de los historiadores. Los supuestos que subyacen al conocimiento histórico, para descubrir las posibilidades de una realidad de ciencia histórica y el alcance de este tipo de conocimiento. Esta rama surge en el s. XIX a partir del rechazo del idealismo de Hegel, gracias a las aportaciones de Von Ranke y los seguidores de la escuela histórica alemana como Meineke Burkhardt, dentro de la corriente hermenéutica de Droysen y Dilthey que continúan Heidegger y la escuela neokantiana de Wildelband y Rickert. También se formará parte de esta filosofía crítica la Escuela de Frankfurt y la corriente de la filosofía analítica de la historia. También se deben encuadrar dentro de la historia crítica a Danto, Hempel, Popper y a Dray.

Objeto de estudio

En Poética, Aristóteles había argumentado que la poesía es superior a la historia, ya que habla más de "lo que debe (o debería) ser verdad" que de "lo que es verdad". Por tanto, los historiadores clásicos sienten el deseo de ennoblecer, o embellecer, el mundo real. Heródoto o Plutarco inventan libremente los discursos de los personajes históricos y eligen los temas históricos con vistas al aprovechamiento moral del lector. Estos clásicos reconocen y admiten que la historia debe enseñar buenos ejemplos a seguir. Desde la Época Clásica hasta el renacimiento, los historiadores alternan entre enfocar la historia desde una visión pedagógica y limitarse a los hechos, buscando reflejarlos con la mayor imparcialidad posible. La historia se compone principalmente de hagiografías, de enaltecimiento de los reyes o poesía épica que describe gestos heroicos como la Canción de Roldán.

En el , los historiadores se vieron influidos por el movimiento intelectual positivista concentrándose lo más posible en los hechos, y despegándose lo más posible de la presencia de un observador en el análisis y la interpretación de la historia. En la era victoriana, con Fustel de Coulanges y Theodor Mommsen, el debate historiográfico ya no residía en si la historia debería influir positivamente en el lector, sino qué causas influían en la historia y cómo entender el cambio histórico.

Según Jacob Burckhardt, la filosofía de la historia es una contradicción y un despropósito, un compuesto "contra natura". La razón es, según él, vieja y sencilla: la filosofía constituye una labor de subordinación, que jerarquiza elementos y construye sistemas, mientras que la historia es asunto de coordinación, de poner episodios uno junto a otro de modo que pueda destacar la singularidad de cada uno.

En la modernidad, los filósofos de la historia, como Edward Hallett Carr, consiguen, de cierta forma, reconciliar las posturas filosofías del pasado, es decir, hoy en día se defiende la rigurosidad del método científico al servicio de la historia, de la mano de las llamadas ciencias auxiliares de la historia (como la arqueología, la epigrafía, la cronología, etc.), pero se reconoce también que la historia debe ser analizada dentro de una compleja totalidad, que no es, desde luego, una porción congelada del tiempo en el pasado, sino un movimiento continuo que se extiende hasta el presente, englobando al propio historiador y obligándolo a observarse a sí mismo y asumir que necesariamente influirá, más allá de su deseo, en la reproducción de la historia.

Historia cíclica y lineal

La concepción mítica del tiempo no es lineal, sino cíclica. Ejemplos son la antigua doctrina del eterno retorno, que existía en el Antiguo Egipto, las religiones dhármicas o, entre los griegos, los pitagóricos y los estoicos. Hesíodo (Los trabajos y los días) describe cinco edades del hombre: la Edad de Oro, la Edad de Plata, la Edad de Bronce, la Edad Heroica y la Edad de Hierro, que comienza con la invasión de los Dorios. Platón también escribe sobre el mito de la Edad de Oro. Los antiguos griegos creían en una concepción cíclica de las formas de gobierno, en las que cada régimen necesariamente cae en su forma corrupta (aristocracia, democracia y monarquía eran los regímenes sanos; oligarquía, demagogia y tiranía los corruptos).

En Oriente se desarrollaron teorías cíclicas de la historia en China (teoría del ciclo dinástico), y en el mundo islámico (Ibn Jaldún).

Judaísmo y cristianismo sustituyeron dichos mitos por el concepto bíblico de la Caída del Hombre o expulsión del Jardín del Edén, que proporciona la base de la teodicea, que intenta reconciliar la existencia del mal en el mundo con la existencia de Dios, creando una explicación global de la historia con la creencia en una Edad Mesiánica. La teodicea propone que la historia tiene una dirección de progreso tendente a un fin escatológico (como el Apocalipsis) previsto por un poder superior. Agustín de Hipona en la Ciudad de Dios, Tomás de Aquino o Jacobo Benigno Bossuet (Discurso sobre la historia universal, 1679) formulan tales teodiceas. Leibniz, que acuñó el término, propuso la suya propia: basó su explicación en el principio de razón suficiente, que proclama que todo lo que ocurre lo hace por una razón específica. Por tanto, lo que el hombre ve como mal (guerra, enfermedad, desastres naturales) es solo un efecto de su percepción. Si se adopta el punto de vista de Dios, esos malos acontecimientos forman parte de un plan divino más amplio. La teodicea explica la necesidad del mal como un elemento relativo que forma parte de un conjunto mayor: el plan de la historia. El principio de razón suficiente de Leibniz no es un gesto de fatalismo. Enfrentado al antiguo problema del futuro contingente, Leibniz desarrolla la teoría de los mundos posibles, distinguiendo dos tipos de necesidad, para evitar el problema del determinismo.

Durante el Renacimiento las concepciones cíclicas de la historia se hicieron comunes para explicar la decadencia del Imperio romano. Son ejemplo los Discursos sobre Tito Livio de Maquiavelo. La noción de Imperio contiene en sí misma su ascenso y su caída, como explicita Edward Gibbon en Historia del declive y caída del Imperio romano (1776) (incluido por la Iglesia Católica en el Índice de libros prohibidos).

Las concepciones cíclicas se mantuvieron en el  y  por autores como Oswald Spengler, Nikolay Dnilevsky y Paul Kennedy, que concebían el pasado humano como una repetitiva serie de ascensos y caídas. El primero, que escribe tras la Primera Guerra Mundial, creía que una civilización entra en una era de cesarismo tras la muerte de su alma. Pensaba que el alma occidental había muerto y que el cesarismo estaba a punto de comenzar.

McGaughey (Cinco épocas de civilización) ve la historia humana como una continua historia de creación relacionada con el desarrollo de la sociedad humana, contada en sucesivos capítulos o épocas históricas. La introducción de mejores tecnologías de comunicación como la escritura o la comunicación electrónica cambian la sociedad en tal grado que puede considerarse que una nueva civilización ha comenzado. No hay fin de la historia (si no es catastrófico) sino un continuo proceso de innovación tecnológica y desarrollo social que ahora colisiona con un medio ambiente limitado.

El reciente desarrollo de modelos matemáticos de ciclos sociodemográficos seculares ha revivido el interés por las teorías cíclicas de la historia (Dinámica Histórica de Peter Turchin o Introducción a la Macrodinámica social de Andrey Korotayev).

La idea de progreso en la Ilustración

En la Ilustración la historia comenzó a verse como lineal e irreversible. Las interpretaciones de varios estadios de la humanidad de Turgot, D'Alembert, Condorcet o el positivismo de Auguste Comte (ya en el ) fueron una de las más importantes concepciones de la historia que confiaban en el progreso social. La Ilustración concibe a la especie humana como perfectible (El Emilio de Jean Jacques Rousseau, 1762). La naturaleza humana puede ser desarrollada indefinidamente mediante una correcta pedagogía. Kant, en Qué es Ilustración (1784), define ésta como la capacidad de pensar por sí mismo sin referirse a autoridades exteriores, sea el poder o la tradición. Paradójicamente, Kant apoya al mismo tiempo el despotismo ilustrado como la manera de conducir a la humanidad a su autonomía. En Idea de una historia universal con un propósito cosmopolita (1784) presenta de un lado el despotismo ilustrado conduciendo a las naciones a su liberación, con el progreso inscrito en el esquema de la historia, y por otro lado concibe la liberación como alcanzable solo con un gesto singular (Sapere Aude!, Atrévete a saber). En última instancia la autonomía reside en el valor y la determinación individual para pensar sin ser dirigido por otro.

Tras Kant, Hegel desarrolla una compleja teodicea en la Fenomenología del Espíritu (1807), que basa su concepción de la historia en la dialéctica: lo negativo (la guerra, por ejemplo) se concibe como el motor de la historia. Ésta es un proceso constante de choques dialécticos, en que cada tesis encuentra una antítesis (hecho o idea opuesta). El enfrentamiento de ambos se supera con la síntesis, una conjunción que supera la contradicción entre cada tesis y su antítesis. Karl Marx propone el ejemplo de Napoleón como síntesis que conserva los cambios y supera la contradicción entre Antiguo Régimen (tesis) y Revolución francesa (antítesis). Hegel pensaba que la razón se proyecta a sí misma en la historia a través de este esquema dialéctico. Mediante el trabajo, el hombre transforma la naturaleza para reconocerse en ella, la convierte en su hogar. Así la razón espiritualiza la naturaleza. Campos cultivados, carreteras, toda la infraestructura sobre la que desarrollamos nuestra vida es el resultado de esta espiritualización de la naturaleza. Hegel explica el progreso social como resultado del trabajo de la razón en la historia. Esta lectura dialéctica de la historia implica por supuesto contradicción, y por eso la historia se concibe como conflicto. La filosofía siempre llega tarde, es solo una interpretación que reconoce lo que hay de racional en lo real (y solo lo racional es real para Hegel). Esta concepción idealista de la filosofía fue desafiada por Marx (Tesis sobre Feuerbach, 1845): "Los filósofos sólo han interpretado el mundo de distintas maneras, pero de lo que se trata es de transformarlo".

Evolucionismo social

Inspirada en la idea de progreso de la Ilustración, el evolucionismo social se convierte en un concepto popular en el . El positivismo de Auguste Comte, que divide la historia en estadios teológico, metafísico y positivista (abierto este último por la ciencia moderna), fue una de las más influyentes doctrinas del progreso. La interpretación wigh de la historia, asociada con intelectuales británicos de las eras victoriana y eduardiana, como Henry Maine o Thomas Macaulay, dan un ejemplo de tal influencia, que mira la historia humana como un progreso: desde el salvajismo y la ignorancia; hacia la paz, la prosperidad y la ciencia. Maine describe la dirección del progreso como del estamento al contrato: desde un mundo en el que la futura vida de un niño está predeterminada por las circunstancias de su nacimiento, hacia una de movilidad y oportunidades.

La publicación de El Origen de las Especies de Darwin en 1859 puso en el debate intelectual el concepto de la evolución. Rápidamente fue trasplantado de su campo original, la biología, al campo social con las teorías del darwinismo social. Herbert Spencer, que acuñó el término la supervivencia del más apto o Lewis Henry Morgan en Ancient Society (1877) desarrollaron teorías evolucionistas independientemente de los trabajos de Darwin, que fueron más tarde interpretados como darwinismo social. Estas teorías de evolución no lineal del  proponían que las sociedades comenzaban en un estado primitivo y gradualmente se convertían en más civilizadas con el tiempo, igualando la cultura y tecnología de la civilización occidental con el progreso.

Ernst Haeckel formuló su teoría de la recapitulación en 1867, que proponía que la ontogenia recapitula la filogenia: la formación embrionaria de cada individuo reproduce la evolución de la especie. Aplicado a la formación de la persona, un nio pasaría por todos los pasos desde la sociedad primitiva hasta la sociedad moderna. Haeckel no apoyaba la teoría darvinista de la selección natural, sino más bien la lamarckista de la herencia de los caracteres adquiridos.

Para otros, el progreso no es necesariamente positivo. Arthur Gobineau (Ensayo sobre la desigualdad de las razas humanas, 1853-1855) hace una decadente descripción de la evolución de la raza aria, que estaría desapareciendo por degeneración. La obra de Gobineau tuvo una gran popularidad en el autodenominado racismo científico.

Tras la Primera Guerra Mundial, incluso antes de recibir las duras críticas de Herbert Butterfield, la interpretación wigh de la historia se había quedado obsoleta. Paul Valéry decía Nosotras, las civilizaciones, nos sabemos ya mortales. No obstante, la idea de progreso no desaparece completamente: a finales del  Francis Fukuyama propuso una noción similiar (El final de la historia, 1992), concibiendo la democracia liberal como el fin de la historia, basándose en una lectura kojeviana de la Fenomenología del Espíritu de Hegel. Influyente al tiempo de su publicación, tras la caída de los regímenes comunistas, los conflictos internacionales posteriores, entre los que destaca sobre todo el que se produce entre las culturas islámica y occidental han puesto quizá más de moda la visión del Choque de Civilizaciones de Samuel Huntington.

La validez del héroe en los estudios históricos

Tras Hegel, que insistió en el papel de los grandes hombres en la historia, con su famoso comentario sobre Napoleón (vi al Espíritu sobre su caballo), Thomas Carlyle argumentó que la historia era la biografía de unos pocos individuos centrales, los héroes, como Oliver Cromwell o Federico el Grande (La historia del mundo no es sino la biografía de los grandes hombres). Sus héroes son figuras políticas y militares, los fundadores o líderes de los estados. Su historia de los grandes hombres, genios del bien o del mal, tiende a organizar el cambio como la llegada de la grandeza. A finales del  ya ha quedado muy desprestigiada la posición de Carlyle, y pocos se atreverían a defenderla. La mayor parte de los filósofos de la historia proponen que las fuerzas motrices de la historia se pueden describir solo con una lente de mayor aumento que la usada para los retratos. No obstante, la teoría de los Grandes Hombres se hizo popular con los historiadores profesionales del , siendo buen ejemplo la Encyclopedia Britannica en su undécima edición (1911, muy usada en Wikipedia por haber caducado su copyright), que contiene detalladas biografías de los grandes hombres de la historia. Por ejemplo, para informarse sobre el Periodo de las Migraciones, basta con leer la biografía de Atila el Huno.

Tras la concepción marxista del materialismo histórico basado en la lucha de clases, que pone atención por primera vez en la importancia de los factores sociales, como la economía, en la historia, Herbert Spencer escribió: Se debe admitir la génesis del gran hombre depende de la larga serie de complejas influencias que ha producido la raza en la que aparece y el estado social en que esta raza ha ido formando lentamente... Antes de aquél pueda rehacer su sociedad, esta sociedad debe hacerse a sí misma.

La Escuela de Annales, fundada por Lucien Febvre y Marc Bloch, fue uno de los pasos fundamentales en el abandono de la historia centrada en los sujetos individuales para concentrarse en la geografía, economía, demografía y otras fuerzas sociales. La obra de Fernand Braudel sobre el Mediterráneo entendido como el verdadero héroe de la historia, la historia del clima de Le Roy Ladurie, etc, estarían inspirados por esta escuela.

Preguntas planteadas en filosofía de la historia

¿Tiene la historia un sentido teleológico?

La teodicea reclama para la historia una dirección que conduce a un final escatológico, dado por un poder superior. No obstante su sentido teleológico trascendental puede verse como inmanente a la misma historia humana. Puede decirse que Marx, como Auguste Comte, posee una concepción teleológica inmanente de la historia; aunque Althusser ha argumentado que la discontinuidad es un elemento esencial del materialismo dialéctico de Marx, lo que incluye al materialismo histórico. Pensadores como Nietzsche, Foucault, Deleuze o el propio Althusser, niegan cualquier sentido teleológico a la historia, caracterizando a ésta mejor a través de la discontinuidad, la ruptura y la variedad de escalas en el tiempo histórico, como ha demostrado la Escuela de Annales, particularmente Fernand Braudel. La historia puede ser definida como la ciencia del cambio en el tiempo.

Las escuelas de pensamiento influenciadas por Hegel y Marx ven la historia como progresiva, aunque ven el progreso como la manifestación de una dialéctica, en la que factores que operan en direcciones opuestas se sintetizan a través del tiempo. De esta forma, la historia puede verse mejor como dirigida por un Zeitgeist (espíritu del tiempo), cuyas huellas pueden verse al mirar al pasado. Hegel creía que la historia empujaba al hombre hacia la civilización, y algunos le atribuyen la creencia de que el Estado prusiano encarnaba el final de la historia. En sus Lecciones sobre filosofía de la historia, explica que la filosofía de cada época de algún modo es la filosofía del Todo; no es una subdivisión del Todo pero sí este Todo aprehendido en sí mismo de un modo específico (sic).

Marx adaptó la dialéctica de Hegel para desarrollar el materialismo dialéctico. Vio cómo la lucha de tesis y antítesis y sus síntesis resultantes tenían siempre lugar en el terreno material y económico. La aportación central del materialismo histórico es que la historia muestra progreso, no de forma lineal sino acumulativa, y que la causa de ese progreso es la lucha por la posesión y control de los medios de producción. Las ideas e instituciones políticas serían el resultado de la producción material y las condiciones de la distribución y el consumo. Para Marx, la continua batalla entre fuerzas opuestas dentro de los modos de producción conduce inevitablemente a cambios revolucionarios, y a la larga al comunismo, que sería la recreación final de un estado literalmente prehistórico. Tanto Hegel como Marx son teleológicos en su concepción de la historia: ambos creen que la historia es progresiva y dirigida a un fin particular. La historia de los medios de producción, por tanto, es la estructura de la historia, y cualquier otra cosa, incluyendo la discusión ideológica sobre la historia misma, constituye la superestructura.

¿Es siempre el vencedor el que escribe la historia?

De acuerdo con el discurso político histórico de la lucha racial analizada por Michel Foucault en su curso de 1976-1977 La Sociedad debe ser Defendida, se suele argumentar que los vencedores de una lucha social (el conflicto puede basarse en cualquier elemento social: lucha racial, nacional o de clases) usa su predominio político para suprimir la versión de los hechos históricos de sus derrotados adversarios a favor de su propia propaganda, lo que puede llevar incluso al revisionismo histórico. Walter Benjamin también consideraba que los historiadores marxistas debían tomar un punto de vista radicalmente diferente del punto de vista idealista y burgués, en un intento de crear una especie de historia desde abajo, que sería capaz de concebir una concepción alternativa de la historia, no basada, como en la historiografía clásica, en el discurso filosófico y jurídico de la soberanía.

Un ejemplo clásico de la historia escrita por los vencedores es la información conocida de los cartagineses. Los historiadores romanos atribuyen a sus seculares enemigos crueldades sin cuento, incluyendo sacrificios humanos, que no se puede contrastar con la otra versión de la historia.

De modo similar, solo se tiene la versión cristiana de cómo el cristianismo llegó a ser la religión dominante de Europa, pero no la versión pagana. Se conoce la versión europea de la conquista de América, pero no la de los nativos. Heródoto cuenta la versión griega de las guerras médicas, pero no se conoce la persa.

Un posible contraejemplo es la Guerra de Secesión, de la que los perdedores sudistas han publicado más información que los vencedores, hasta dominar la percepción nacional de la historia (los generales confederados Lee y Jackson son tenidos por superiores a sus adversarios, y películas como Lo que el viento se llevó o El nacimiento de una nación han fijado visual y sentimentalmente el punto de vista del Sur en el imaginario colectivo). Se podría argumentar de manera inversa, es decir que quien escribe la historia es quien venció.

Filosofía de la historia en ficción

El escritor e historiador Isaac Asimov describe en la Saga de la Fundación el concepto de psicohistoria, una ciencia ficticia que combina historia, psicología y estadística matemática, cuyo estudio permite calcular el comportamiento de poblaciones extremadamente grandes de personas.

Referencias

Bibliografía

 Berkhofer, Robert F. Más allá de la gran historia: la historia como texto y discurso. (Harvard University Press, 1995)
 Berlin, Isaiah. Tres críticos de la Ilustración: Vico, Hamann, Herder. (2000)
 Cuartango, R.: Filosofía de la Historia (lo propio como tierra extraña). Montesinos, Barcelona, 2007
 Campillo, Antonio. Adiós al progreso. Una meditación sobre la historia (1985, 2ª ed. 1995); Variaciones de la vida humana. Una teoría de la historia (2001).
 Carr, Edward H. ¿Qué es la Historia (1983, 2ª ed. 2006).
 Collingwood, R. G. La idea de historia. (1946)
 Danto, Arthur Coleman. Filosofía analítica de la historia (1965)
 Dilthey, Wilhelm. Introducción a las ciencias humanas. ed. by R. A. Makkreel and F. Rodi. (1883; 1989)
 Rickert, Heinrich. Die Probleme der Geschichtswissenschaft. Eine Einführung. 3rd ed. 1924, nueva ed. Celtis Verlag, Berlín 2013, ISBN 978-3-944253-01-5
 Gardiner, Patrick L. La naturaleza de la explicación histórica. (1952)
 Gardiner, Patrick L. La filosofía de la historia, Oxford readings in philosophy. 1974)
 Mink, Louis O. Forma narrativa como instrumento cognitivo. En la escritura de la historia: la forma literaria y comprensión histórica, Robert H. Canary and Henry Kozicki, eds. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.
 Nisbet, Robert (1986), "La idea de progreso", Revista Libertas:5, ESEADE.
 Ricoeur, Paul. Tiempo y narrativa, Volume 1 and 2, University Of Chicago Press, 1990.
 Rojas Mullor, Mauricio (2011), La idea de progreso y el concepto de desarrollo, Madrid: EPIC/Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.
 History and Truth. Translated by Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago and London: U of Chicago P, 1983.
 Jameson, Frederic. La inconsciencia política: Narrativa como una acto social simbólico., Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981.
 Muller, Herbert J. Los usos del Pasado, New York. Oxford University Press, 1952
 Rodríguez Adrados, Francisco. "El reloj de la Historia: Homo Sapiens, Grecia Antigua y Mundo Moderno", Ariel (2010).
 White, Hayden V. Metahistoria: la imaginación histórica en la Europa del siglo XX. (1973).

Enlaces externos

 Portal sobre Filosofía de la Historia, Historiografía y Cultura Histórica
 International Network for Theory of History

Filosofía de la historia
Historiografía
Filosofía de las ciencias sociales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Reports Are Coming! The Reports Are Coming!
by Sabrina Shankman
Oct. 30, 2009, 7:37 a.m. EDT
Today's roundup of stimulus coverage:
New stimulus job numbers are due today, and early reports state that 650,000 jobs have been created or saved by the nearly $800 billion package. The White House says this puts it on track to achieving the goal of 3.5 million stimulus jobs by the end of 2010. The report coming out today is based on the first $150 billion in spending, and will provide a broad, concrete look at the stimulus' impact on the economy. And creating it was no easy feat. A whopping 131,000 reports will be uploaded to the government's stimulus Web site, Recovery.gov. Need a bit of help wading through it? We'll be posting a guide to what's new, what's missing and what to watch for.
It's going to be a race to the finish to claim small business loans, the Columbian reports. Less than 30 percent of the Small Business Administration's stimulus funds remain, and officials there expect that the money will run out by late November or early December – a full month before the agency expected. The SBA received $730 million in stimulus funds for small business lending. Through the program, the agency waived loan fees and raised loan guarantees from 75 percent to 90 percent. When the program ends, an SBA representative told the Columbian, the big concern is that banks will stop issuing as many loans.
Are you tracking the stimulus? ProPublica has set up a mailing list for reporters covering the stimulus, and you're welcome to join. Just e-mail us.
Sabrina Shankman
Sabrina Shankman was an intern at ProPublica.
Texas Baby-Killer Pleads Guilty to a New Murder
Treasury Inspector General Probes Possible Trump Tax Break Abuses
They Were Promised Broadband and High-Tech Jobs. They're Still Waiting.
How a Nigerian Presidential Candidate Hired a Trump Lobbyist and Ended Up in Trump's Lobby — "Trump, Inc." Podcast
Border Patrol Officials Dodged Congress' Questions About Migrant Children's Deaths
ProPublica and The Texas Tribune Welcome Manny García as Senior Editor of Their Investigative Reporting Initiative


The difference between politics and great fiction is fiction has to be believable.
Today a copy of a publication was delivered to my house.
A builder is a manufacturer that has a building agreement with the design rights holder. to build the Laser and has rights to use a Laser trademark and has been approved as a Laser Builder by each of the International sailing federationand the International Laser Class Association.
2011 Fundamental Rule Changes - Vote Now!
I see absolutely no change in the Fundamental rule between the 1.Jan 2010 and 1.Jan 2011 versions.
Can you link to the version you are reading from?
It is my printed handbook received in today mail.
Thanks Gouvernail for presenting more evidence as to why Mr Wellmann and Mr Martin have lost my confidence, a point I already made several times in earlier posts.
More importantly, it seems to me that according to the printed version of the ILCA By-Law in the 2011 Handbook (new) Lasers from LaserPerformance (LP) are NOT Lasers since LP currently doesn't have an valid agreement with the design rights holder (Global Sailing).


text:
Clifford Bernard Thompson (December 9, 1918 – February 6, 1997) was an American professional ice hockey player. He played defense in the Boston Bruins organization from 1939 until 1950, playing 16 career games in the National Hockey League with the Bruins during 1941–42 and 1948–49 seasons. The rest of his career was mainly spent in the minor Eastern Hockey League. After his playing career Thompsons became an linesman, and in 1955 was involved in an altercation with Maurice Richard, leading to Richard's suspension and the Richard Riot.

Playing career
Born in Winchester, Massachusetts, Thompson started his pro career with a tryout with the Boston Olympics in the 1938–39 season. He returned for two seasons with the Olympics, scoring 16 goals in 35 games in his rookie season. In 1941–42, he made his NHL debut with the Bruins, playing three games, while mainly playing for the Hershey Bears and St. Paul of the American Hockey Association (AHA). From 1942–1945, Thompson fought in World War II. He returned to the Olympics and played every season for the club until 1950, with a ten-game call-up to the Bruins in 1948–49 and nine games for the Bears that same season.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Awards and honours
 EAHL Second All-Star Team (1947, 1948)

References

External links

1918 births
1997 deaths
American men's ice hockey defensemen
American military personnel of World War II
Boston Bruins players
Boston Olympics players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey players from Massachusetts
National Hockey League officials
People from Winchester, Massachusetts
St. Paul Saints (AHA) players
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, Massachusetts


Some people are born leaders. Others learn on the job or have the good fortune to have a mentor who can share advice, expertise and knowledge of the best options in overcoming the many challenges.
Increasingly, courses and programs have sprung up as people look to improve their leadership skills and pick up new ones while learning how other leaders have tackled similar challenges.
Not every leader has undertaken a course, nor is it necessary to undertake a leadership course to become a great leader. But for many people, a formal setting can help to clearly identify their strengths and weaknesses as a leader, to develop the skills required to lead in a moral, ethical and fair manner, to increase their awareness of the various challenges and to do so with other people facing similar challenges.
To assist aspiring community leaders to identify a leadership course or program most suitable to them, we have compiled a comprehensive listing of Australian leadership courses. Click the links below to download the listing for your state.
If you spot any out-of-date information, or have suggestions for new additions, please let us know - email service@ourcommunity.com.au.
This listing was last updated in February 2017.
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K2 server C drive is out of space? K2 files in D drive? Required to format D drive to allocate more space to C drive?
Yes, you are in the right blog! Recently i had a client require to increase C drive storage space due to the increasing of usage. The server itself not only K2 but SQL as well. The problem here is that K2 files are installed on D drive. In order to allocate space into C drive, it would require to remove D drive and allocate the remaining space to C drive.
Allocate a new drive with some storage space called it F drive.
Viola! Your K2 should start working as per norm.
We encounter some issues while formatting the D drive, if it prompts for access or files in used error, try restarting the server and do it again.


text:
Australia's huge and haunting Kimberley might just be the last frontier.
Tony Perrottet
Nothing turns an Australian misty-eyed like talking about the Kimberley, the isolated northwestern plateau where the Outback intrudes into the tropics. This immense, deserted landscape has had mythical status since the 1880s, when the first white cattle ranchers arrived. What they found was a harsh paradise, its plains riven by giant river gorges, the sandstone cliffs blazing a hot, bloody scarlet at sunset, the coastline alive with the writhing outlines of monstrous, man-eating crocs. The Kimberley quickly became an Aussie byword for frontier, for all that's at once beautiful and brutal. Violent skirmishes between settlers and the native, nomadic Bunuba Aborigines lasted for years, with newspaper readers in faraway Sydney devouring sensational penny-dreadful-style stories of a native gunman, known as Pigeon, who shot at ranchers and eluded posses for years. His skull was finally sent to England in a sack in 1897.
These days, the Kimberley is less Hearstian, but no less rugged and lonesome. The last gruesome campaign to clear out the Aborigines was 70 years ago (and fortunately unsuccessful). Battered cattle tracks today double as main roads, many of them marked on maps as "approximate location only." Gas stations are few and far between. Grocery stores, fewer and farther between, offer such retro Aussie staples as meat pies and sausage rolls. On some of the emptiest, dustiest stretches of road, handpainted signs proclaim: "Welcome to the Last Frontier!"
But if the efforts of man can seem meager and makeshift in the Kimberley, nature operates on a gargantuan scale here. Canyons plunge vertiginously. Cliffs tower hundreds of feet. Strange, humpbacked rocks rise from the red dust. And then there's the weather, biblical in its extremes. At the peak of "the Dry," in October and November, the Kimberley becomes a merciless desert, with leafless boab trees clawing towards the sky and death adders slithering across the sand. Three months later, during the height of "the Wet," 18 inches of rain can fall overnight. Lightning storms rake the horizon, tiny streams become rivers eight miles wide, and the Kimberley begins to resemble an inland sea. In such a landscape, men and women can grow twisted; Kimberleyites are famously eccentric. But you needn't have odd tics to immerse yourself in this vast, empty wilderness. Just plenty of water, reliable transport, an air mattress (tent optional), and the distinct lack of a master plan. This is a land, after all, of nomads.
: Australia's Kimberley
The Bungle Bungles
Australians have always felt that the Kimberley was capable of hiding just about anyone or anything. And in 1982, we got our proof when a documentary film crew flying south of Kununurra (pronounced languidly, Kah-nah-NAH-ruh) stumbled across a hallucinatory set of geologic formations. Appearing, from a distance, to be hundreds of beehive-shaped domes, these tiger-striped mounds rose from the surrounding desert like savage blisters. They soon became famous as the Bungle Bungles. (Bungle is a mispronunciation of the "bundle bundle" grass common here.) Needless to say, Aboriginal people had known about the place for millennia and called it Purnululu. But as far as the outside world was concerned, this bizarre rock massif was a revelation. The Bungles quickly became the symbol of the Kimberley, ubiquitous on brochures, T-shirts, and postcards.
Go anyway. The Bungles may be inevitable, but they're also unforgettable, one of the most surreal sights in this already otherworldly landscape. To view them at their most memorable, fly. If you merely drive to them, they can appear to be big ruddy hillocks and nothing special. From above, however, they become an immense, nubby wonderland, empty of all visible life except for the occasional shy pretty-faced wallaby.
Flights from Kununurra to the Bungles are offered by Paul's Creek and Bungle Bungle Tours. The two-day trips include one night at a tent camp ($470; 011-61-8-91-686-217). You can also, during the dry season, make the five-hour drive from Kununurra on the Great Northern Highway. Once you've reached the Bungles, arrange a helicopter flight over the outcropping. Slingair and Heliwork (011-61-8-91-681-811) fly every half hour, weather permitting, for $115 per person.
Then, if the rains aren't relentless or the heat too suffocating, spend several more days hiking in Purnululu National Park, which encompasses the Bungles. You can only walk in designated areas; footsteps on parts of the area's soft, cork-like crust can cause permanent damage. (For more information, call the Purnululu park office at 011-61-8-91-687-300.) Luckily the permissible hikes are spectacular, especially the Echidna Chasm and Cathedral Gorge routes, which penetrate deep into the glowing sandstone. These routes are short, however, only a few miles. Another permitted walk, to Picaninny Gorge, is a more challenging, two-day project. Leave early in the morning; the trail's first four miles are in direct sun. Once you reach the gorge itself, the trail enters a blissfully cool, sand-floored crevice. Six miles farther on lies Byers Base. Throw a blanket on the sand to make camp, then spend the afternoon exploring the narrow slot canyons that shoot off from the main gorge. Later, curl up on your blanket beneath the sheer dark cliffs and watch the stars rise in some of the clearest air on earth.
Running west of Kununurra, away from the Bungles, the 440-mile Gibb River Road is the dusty Fifth Avenue of the Kimberley, a former cattle-driving track around which all human life in the area revolves. Most of the land here is taken up by immense ranches, few of them measuring less than a million acres—not a profligate size when you realize that the barren soil only sustains one head per 100 acres. (Herding is usually done by helicopter.) The attractions of this region are much like those of the most remote areas of, say, Idaho: This is where cowboy culture survives, where cattle are both income and recreation, and where the landscape is a great, dusty, lonesome, poetic place.
The closest ranch to Kununurra, and one of the most idiosyncratic, is El Questro, only 90 minutes west of town. Larger than Monaco, El Questro sprawls across the leather-brown mesas of the Pentecost Ranges. In 1990 the entire spread was leased by Will Burrell, a 23-year-old English aristocrat who happily sank into the Outback way of life: He's been known to waterski the Chamberlain River behind a helicopter and to keep a wicker chair on the knife point of a bluff reachable only by air, the better to read poetry and contemplate the silence.
Under Burrell, El Questro has opened itself to the public as a "wilderness camp." It offers an entire social strata of accommodations, from a proletarian $7 campground to the Homestead, a luxurious, chaps-in-black-tie-quaffing-gin-style lodge where rooms are $460 a night. My preference is for the most atmospheric option of all, the private campsites ($7), individual swaths of riverside bushland far from the nearest tent. (Call 011-61-8-91-691-777 for reservations.)
For company, drive back up to El Questro's open-air bar, the Swinging Arm, for a steak—s cattle country, after all, and vegetarians are viewed askance—chilled Emu Bitter beer. If you're lucky, you'll get to chat for a bit with Buddy Tyson, the Aboriginal jackaroo, or stockman. Ask him about the time he was arrested for rowdiness in Broome and brought his dog into court as a witness.
Next morning, rent a motorboat and chug slowly up the Chamberlain, casting a line for barramundi, Australia's most succulent white-fleshed fish. The boat costs $95 for a half day. Canoes used to be available as well, until a crocodile tore one in two. In mid-afternoon, when the sun often glares penitentially over the earth, rock-hop down the river to the dribbling waterfall at the end of Emma Gorge. The vine-fringed sinkhole here, locals claim, is "the most beautiful swimming spot in all of Oz."
The Gorges
If East Kimberley is cultivated ranchland, West Kimberley, which begins at approximately Mt. Elizabeth Station, is its less settled, lonely cousin. Here you can begin fully to appreciate the Aboriginal legend of the "serpent dreaming." At the dawn of time, this story goes, the Kimberley's orange dust plains were sliced open by a great slithering snake, leaving one sandstone-flanked gorge after another to fill up with life-giving water and protective trees. Today each of these gorges has its own character and attraction. So how to know which to visit? Consider following the old Outback rule of thumb: The harder a gorge is to visit, the more satisfying it will be. Skip, then, the famous, brooding Windjana Gorge, a favored ambush spot for Pigeon, the Aboriginal Robin Hood (although there's something memorably chilling about wading through the icy waters of his underground hideout while the red eyes of freshwater crocs reflect your torchlight in the darkness).
Drive instead to Bell Gorge at the end of a 20-mile turnoff from Gibb River Road. Get there early; the ten riverside campsites fill quickly ($11, no reservations). From the campground, hike a mile to where the earth suddenly cracks open like a wound above a 300-foot waterfall. Just below you, the gorge stretches out in a series of ice-cold swimming pools, all connected by multi-level falls; swim the shallowest sections by pulling yourself amphibian-style along the slippery algae before doing a few laps in the final, Olympic-size pond.
To have a gorge completely to yourself, however, you will probably need to head deeper into the remote, wind-swept King Leopold Ranges. Raw brown bluffs loom here over dry expanses of ghost gums, the region's eerie, white-barked eucalyptus. Rent a canoe ($14) at Mornington Camp, 100 miles southeast of Bell Gorge, then push off for the four-mile float down the river at the bottom of Diamond Gorge. (These waters are blessedly free of man-eating crocs, allowing worry-free swimming.) The silence will be broken only by the slap of your paddle echoing from the cliffs on either side. No wonder Pigeon chose to flee here at the end, when the white men were closing in. The first martyr of the Outback could not have found a lovelier, wilder, or more haunting place.
The Shipwreck Coast
Every explorer, given enough time in the Outback, begins to dream desperately of reaching the sea, with its promise of soothing breezes and sensual, lapping waves. But in the Kimberley, to stagger from the dry bush into the region's coastal capital, Broome, is to fight a powerful sense of anticlimax. It's hard to fault Broome itself for this, with all its Maugham-esque tropical bars on stilts, where bronzed young locals who look Asian or Polynesian but speak with broad Aussie accents watch blazing sunsets color the city's 14-mile-long beach. But when you're still shaking the Outback's dust out of your pack, Broome and its iced cappuccino culture can seem a bit too … civilized.
So sate your water lust and end your Kimberley sojourn more appropriately at Cape Leveque, a little-known outpost on Aborigine-owned land about 135 miles north of Broome. When the English pirate William Dampier landed here in 1688, he dismissed the area as worthless, and its inhabitants as "the miserablest people on earth." He might reassess today. Cape Leveque's sands are creamy white, the Indian Ocean an extravagant blue, and the pandanus-leaf-covered shelters a kind of Platonic ideal of the beachfront cabana ($11; 011-61-8-91-924-970). Rent snorkeling gear so you can explore the circling reefs that protect this coast from crocodiles and sting rays.
For a touch of regional color, sign up with Vince, a local Aboriginal guide who leads mudcrabbing trips into the mangroves. You'll dodge stingrays and a few small grey nurse sharks just offshore as you search for that night's seafood supper ($40, including all the crabs you uncover). Later, raise a glass of Emu Bitter (bring your own; the community is dry) and watch the sun sink in the direction of Jakarta, Indonesia, the nearest city. The Outback is behind you, the carnivorous crocodiles somewhere off to the side, and your palm hut is cooling pleasantly in the evening's breeze. I'd nominate this as the most beautiful swimming spot in all of Oz.
Outback and Forth: Navigating the Most Remote Region Down Under
Qantas and Air New Zealand both fly to Sydney from Los Angeles (15 hours) for prices ranging from $1,100 to $3,700. The domestic carrier Ansett Australia (800-262-1234) will fly you to either Kununurra in the Kimberley's interior or the coastal pearling outpost of Broome. Round-trip cost for either destination is about $400; tickets must be purchased in the U.S.
"It's 'arsh out there," a woman in a roadhouse store told me while squinting out at the shimmering horizon and cracking another beer. "Farkin' 'arsh." She was right. Distances between attractions in the Kimberley are huge, water is scarce, and anyone who thinks he can just hike or mountain bike off into the wilderness should make out a will before leaving. Instead, rent a four-wheel drive in Kununurra or Broome; Down Under Answers offers Land Cruisers for about $109 a day, unlimited mileage (800-788-6685). If you'd prefer not to lead your own expedition into the Outback, Down Under also offers organized Darwin-to-Broome camping tours in a breakneck seven days for $636.
Everything in the Kimberley depends upon the climate. From February until April, the wet season turns the desert into a glorious garden—but it also makes many roads into muddy sinkholes. Transportation during "the Wet" is best accomplished in light planes. Charter flights are easily arranged between almost all of the Kimberley's towns and attractions. For information, call the Broome Tourist Bureau (011-61-8-91-922-222).
The finest time to visit, however, may be in early May, when the land is still lush but the rains have tapered off. Days are warm and nights cool, making for perfect campfire weather. Beware of October and November, the height of "the Dry." Humid and scorching, that's when Outback characters go "troppo," or dotty, a 'arsh thing to see.
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