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Carte Particuliere d'une Partie d'Asie ou sont...
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1700 Pieter Mortier
Pieter Mortier
Amsterdam / 1700 circa
Hand Colored
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Striking old-color example of the first edition of Pierre Mortier's fine, two-sheet chart of the Indian Ocean and contiguous regions, first published in 1700. Both sheets were included in the expansion of the famous Neptune Francois.
The chart extends from Saudi Arabia and the Horn of Africa in the west to the Straits of Malacca, with the focus centered on India and Pakistan. The chart includes both rhumb lines and details in the interior of the covered regions. Each portion of the chart, east and west, contains a simple title in an oval (east) or octagonal (west) cartouche.
The sheet on the right is a chart of south central Asia, with specific mention of the Maldives, the Andaman Islands, and Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Sumatra peeks out of the eastern border, with the southwest peninsula showing the Kingdoms of Siam, Mataban, Pegu, and, to the north, Grant Thibet. The Indian subcontinent is divided into smaller regions, with the entire north labeled as the Empire of the Great Mogol. The Mughal Empire was an Islamic dynasty that dominated much of the Indian subcontinent from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries.
To the east of India, and on the adjoining sheet, is Safavid Iran, titled Empire of the Persians. The Safavid dynasty ruled the Iranian peninsula from 1501 to 1736. The title of this eastern sheet emphasizes the isles of Zocatora, or Socotra, and the Amirante Islands, while the Arabian Peninsula and Eastern Africa are also included.
Together, the two sheets highlight the major trading islands and entrepots which were then the gateways for European traders to Asian goods. It also shows areas under Ottoman control, highlighting the disputes that often erupted over trade rights and access and which were underwritten by religious difference.
The Maldives, Ceylon, and the Andamans
One hundred years before this chart was published, the Dutch (1602) and English (1600) East India Companies were founded in order to trade directly with the Indian subcontinent. They followed Portuguese traders who had set up trading forts on the subcontinent. They also relayed trade from the lucrative Spice Islands in southwest Asia. Both companies operated a monopoly over trade and gained immense power.
By 1700, the Dutch and English were joined by the French and Danish East India Companies, but the English were by far the strongest presence in Asia at that time. Eventually, during the century after the publication of this chart, the lines between commercial and political dominance became increasingly blurred. The English East India Company's control of the seas, greater resources, and more advanced military training and technology led it to become attractive to a portion of the Indian elite. These factors were crucial in allowing the Company to gain control over the Bengal region by 1765 and to sideline other European countries. India later became a British colony.
The Maldives, to the east of India, had long been coveted as a valuable port and held importance due to their central location within the Indian Ocean, half way between Africa and the Straits of Malacca. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to come, in 1558, but they were resisted by the mostly Islamic population. The Dutch came next, in the mid-seventeenth century, but they only ensured their access to ports and watering; they did not involve themselves in local affairs. Long after this chart was published, in 1796, the British took the Maldives from the Dutch and it became a protectorate in 1887.
The colonial fate of the Maldives was tied to that of Ceylon, now Sri Lanka. Like the Maldives, the Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive, in 1505. They built a fort and extended their rule over the island, despite intense indigenous resistance and the survival of the independent Kingdom of Kandy. In 1638, the Dutch came and the Dutch East India Company (VOC) signed a treaty with King Rajasinghe II to eject the Portuguese. The Dutch controlled Columbo by 1656 but, instead of leaving as promised, they stayed and were the main controlling force on the island when this chart was published.
Again, like the Maldives, Britain occupied the island in 1796 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. The Kingdom of Kandy fought off a British invasion in 1803, but the British, under the auspices of the East India Company (EIC), remained a powerful presence on the island. Kandy was defeated in 1815, leaving the entire island in British hands.
Additionally, the chart's title mentions the Andaman Islands. Unlike the other two islands in the title, the Andamans were not a valuable trade center. Indeed, they were and remain one of the only places on Earth that have had little to no contact with the developed world. The Nicobar Islands, to the south, were colonized by the Danish East India Company in 1755, after this chart was published. The British later set up outposts on the Andaman Islands, but the local peoples frequently attacked shipwrecked survivors and lone Europeans, gaining a fearsome reputation in the process.
Socotra and the Admiral Islands
The eastern sheet of this set singles out Socotra and the Admiral Islands in their title. At the time of publication, both the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra Island were under Ottoman rule. Earlier, in 1507, the Portuguese had tried to establish a base on Socotra, but they found the port conditions poor and the health conditions worse. The Mahra Sultanate took control in 1511, converting some of the mostly Christian population to Islam.
In 1834, The East India Company attempted to buy the island from the Mahra Sultan, but he refused. Like the Portuguese, they also found the anchorages poor and therefore left the islands in 1835. Today, the island is part of the Republic of Yemen.
Finally, the Amirante Islands are in the southern portion of the eastern chart. They were supposedly discovered by the Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama on his second voyage in 1503, although Arab and Indian traders may have already known of the archipelago. The islands remained as a watering station and stop-over point for the East Indies trade. They were claimed by the French in 1802 and passed to British control in 1814. Then, the islands were administratively paired with Mauritius and, later, with the Seychelles.
Mortier and the Neptune Francois
These maps were integrated into the expansion of the most famous sea atlas of the seventeenth century, the Neptune Francois. As published in Amsterdam, this third part of the work, Suite du Neptune Francois, ou Atlas Nouveau des Cartes Marines, contained charts prepared for the king of Portugal.
Pierre, or Pieter, Mortier (1661-1711) was a Dutch engraver and son of a French refugee. In 1690 he was granted a privilege to publish French maps in Dutch lands. In 1693 he released the first and accompanying volume of the Neptune Francois. The third, with these charts, followed in 1700.
The highlighted islands emphasize the importance of ports and stopping places to Europeans hungry for Asian trade. This is a fine example of this highly sought-after map.
Old Color. Minor paper toning.
Pieter Mortier Biography
Pierre, or Pieter, Mortier (1661-1711) was a Dutch engraver, son of a French refugee. He was born in Leiden. In 1690 he was granted a privilege to publish French maps in Dutch lands. In 1693 he released the first and accompanying volume of the Neptune Francois. The third followed in 1700. His son, Cornelis (1699-1783), would partner with Johannes Covens I, creating one of the most important map publishing companies of the eighteenth century.
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The Earliest Modern Map of India and Southeast Asia
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Charting the Western Indian Ocean
Carte du Golfe du Bengale et des Cotes de L'Hindoustan Dressee d'apres les Travaux les plus recents par Robiquet Hydrographe . . . 1855.
Scarce French sea chart of India and the west coast of Malaysia, etc., published in Paris by Robiquet.
Coste De Coromandel depuis Gondagamas....
Finely engraved map of the Coromandel coast of India, from Jacques Nicolas Bellin's Le Petit Atlas Maritime Recueti de Cartes et Plans des Quatre Parlies du Monde en Cinq Volumes, first published in Paris in 1764.
A Rare German Variant!


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'Verbal violence against women' to be criminalised, vows French President Emmanuel Macron
On the International Day for Elimination of Violence Against Women, French President Emmanuel Macron pledged that 2018 will see legislative measures tackle "verbal violence towards women" in public.
Joined by comedian and actress Florence Foresti and France's equality minister Marlene Schiappa at the Elysee Palace, President Macron announced that "gender-based insults", such as wolf-whistling, will become punishable by law under the proposed legislation.
The law, which "will give the police the right to issue a fine if there is a verbal attack on a woman", will form part of what Macron has described as a "cultural fight" for gender equality - an objective of high importance on Macron's list of priorities as president.
President Macron asserted that it is unacceptable for France to be a country where women live in fear of "sexist violence they meet in the street".
"Many harassers practice wolf whistling and other types of verbal stigmatisation - and for a long time people reacted with indifference," he added.
"This is unacceptable. Women must feel comfortable in public spaces […] This must be one of the priorities of the police".
President Macron endorsed the proposed legislation saying that "very often verbal aggression does not lead to women going to police stations" because of fear their claims will be deemed unimportant.
"So we must give the law enforcement authorities to act immediately, to correct, to repair and restore the dignity of the victims," said Macron.
"This," asserted Macron, "will be the purpose of this new offence of verbal aggression".
In addition to this new offence, the French president emphasised the need for regulating Internet content and more closely supervising pornography and video games in the fight for gender equality.
In order to combat sexual harassment on social networks, Macron proposed to train teachers and school staff in these matters. He too announced to have developed a mobile application for victims of cyberstalking and cyber violence as a way of curbing the kinds of sexual harassment that take place online.
"Legislative changes will be made not only to better prevent but also to prosecute those who act on the Internet to harass," he stated.
Presently in France, the Audiovisual Superior Council (Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel) (CSA), the country's regulator of audiovisual content, has authority over only a fraction of online videos, namely those produced by television channels.
In his address, President Macron expressed a wish to "extend the powers and the regulation of the CSA" to all online videos for "the protection of the young public".
As for online pornography, Mr Macron announced the launch of an awareness campaign for parents at the next school year to tackle stereotypes, domination and violence in pornography.
Other important legislative proposals announced by Macron include setting a minimum age of consent for engaging in sex and seeing the statute of limitation for the rape of minors extended from 20 years to 30 years.
"The proposals put forward by Macron to bring about gender equality in France are exciting. It'll be interesting to see what becomes of this," said one woman.
About the author: Violeta Buljubasic detests pornography and anything that resembles it. Cognisant of its devastating consequences, she believes that porn and the raunch culture from which it stems are symptoms of a ubiquitous ill that has removed sex and sexuality from their original design. Moved by the work of Collective Shout, Fight the New Drug, and NCOSE, Violeta hopes to be part of the solution to this insidious problem.
verbal violence Women French President Emmanuel Macron

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are a small run family business in Somerset who love to create bespoke and inspirational hand-made gifts using a laser cutting and engraving technique. Our ideas are first designed on a computer and then either cut or engraved by laser. Each item is individually made to order and can be easily personalised. We use a range of materials such as natural wood, MDF and acrylic and the list is expanding as our ideas progress. We hope you enjoy our products.


The Islay, Jura and Colonsay Annual Agricultural Show (known locally as "the Show") is the highlight of the social calendar and a great way to intergrate with the locals – an entertaining family day out and a lively ceilidh dance held later which keeps going into the wee, small hours.
The showground is located in Bridgend. From Bowmore turn left towards Portnahaven and Port Charlotte and the entrance to the showground will be sign posted off to your right. There is an entrance fee paid upon entry into the parking area.


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