Jody Zellen is an artist living in Los Angeles, California. She works in many media simultaneously making photographs, installations, net art, public art, as well as artists' books that explore the subject of the urban environment.
Jody, you belong already since many years to an art scene using new technologies, you are an active and successful representative of a genre dealing with Internet based art, called "netart".
Many artists active in this field, especially when they do it for a longer period already, the education with new technologies was not such advanced, yet, as nowadays, and have rather an interdisciplinary approach to this new art form.
I studied art and photography in college, then got an MFA, also in photography, from the California Institute of the Arts. As an image maker, I started out doing photography, walking around cities making black and white images. Then I began making collages cutting up and recombining my photograic images and adding text. this later led me to using the computer to make collages and then to net art—interactive works with animations that included images and text.
I use the terms netart or webart interchangeably. To me netart is any work that is made specifically for the internet. Many net art sites mirror existing websites and change content, they are definitely netart projects. The term to me is pretty lose, it is about an attitude. Netart projects want to be art not sites that are about sales.
For me one of the reasons I make netart is that its a project that is accessible to anyone with a computer and a modem. Its a kind of public art. New technologies have allowed artists to become a global community and make work that can be seen and shared by a wide audience, an audience that exists outside the gallery and museum systems.
relevant subjects and contents people can identify with, with a specific new and contemporary feeling the new technologies bring.
My work is about the city in an abstract and oblique way. It used mediated images and texts as well as the newspaper to talk about how the world is changing. I am intrested in how cities change and how news is communicated or often miscommunicated and in my newest works I am trying to make netart projects that investigate where these two worlds– the city and the press intersect.
I am interested in making room sized interactive installations where the movement of the viewer(s) in the space trigger images and sounds to change. I envision a huge collage of overlapping projections that people wander through causing a rapid of succession of image fragments to come in and out of view as people move through a given space.
As the technologies change what was early net art may disappear so that having copies that exist off line, might be the only way these project scanbe seen. Ofetn net art exhibitions are displayed locally to make things load faster. I have no problems with that as long as there is still an online copy.
Dealing with this new, and interactive type of art demands an active viewer or user. and needs the audience much more and in different ways than any other art discipline before. How do you stimulate the user to dive into this new world of art?
I think viewers of net art are reluctant to sit at a computer in a public space. They would rather write down the url and see the site in their homes alone. If a site is projected in a physical space it becomes a more commanding preseence but its still just a blown up/projected website. I have been tryiing to create interactive environments that function like 3D websites. A form of interactive art that is more like an installation.
I think they are becoming more and more popular and have included in some major exhibitions. I do wish all museums had net art on their websites and more commissions for new projects were available.
Unfortunately I feel netart has fallen into the same traps as conventional art. While one would think there are numerous ways to get ones netart out there it is usually the same people who are supported and promoted.
I do think curators should do their homework and reseach the field and understand the technologies and the aesthetic possibilities of the medium.
If it is in a physical space I would like to visit it.


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Q: Turning Only Specific Letters of the name of a file to Uppercase with bash script I need to rename a file by turning only some of the letters to uppercase.
E.g:
filename: cookies.txt

letters to be changed: c,k

filename final: CooKies.txt

All this should be done with a bash script.

A: It's trivial to do in bash with a bash-specific parameter expansion form:
filename=cookies.txt
echo "${filename^^[ck]}"
# To actually rename a file:
# mv "$filename" "${filename^^[ck]}"

will uppercase every c and k in the expansion of $filename.
You can also use ${variable^pattern} to only uppercase the first character that matches pattern, and commas instead of carets to do lowercasing. Leaving out the pattern will convert the entire string (Or first character).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Helen Sarah Margolis  is a British physicist who is a Senior Fellow and Head of Science for Time and Frequency at the National Physical Laboratory. Her research considers the use of optical frequency metrology using femtosecond combs.

Early life and education
Margolis studied physics at the University of Oxford. She completed her undergraduate and graduate training at Pembroke College, where she tested theories in quantum electrodynamics. In particular, she made use of electron beams to trap highly ionised atoms. After graduating, she remained at Oxford as a postdoctoral researcher, during which time she started working with the National Physical Laboratory.

Research and career
Margolis joined the National Physical Laboratory in 1998. She developed femtosecond combs for optical frequency metrology. Her research looks to create highly accurate optical atomic clocks using trapped ions. She serves as coordinator of the European project Robust Optical Clocks for International Timescales (ROCIT). In this capacity, she seeks to make optical clocks more robust, such that they can run reliably, reproducibly and unattended for extended periods of time.

In 2017, Margolis was made Visiting Professor at the University of Oxford. Working with Mark Walport, Margolis helped to draft the Blackett review, The Quantum Age: technological opportunities. She was appointed a Member of the British Empire in 2019 for her service to metrology.

Selected publications

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford
British physicists
Women physicists
British women physicists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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SLANEMORE/WASHINGTON DC: Last week David Quirk was back home from Washington D.C. visiting his parents in Slanemore and his sister in Moyvore. David is nuts about river fishing for trout and was really keen on trying his hand at lake fishing for trout. We booked a boat on Mount Dalton and had a wonderful evening landing 9-10 trout, with David having a cracker of 3lbs 1oz. That evening there was also two anglers from Scotland on Mount Dalton and even though they struggled that evening, they were surprised with our bit of fishing. David will be back home come Christmas and we are planning a few days fly-fishing for pike.
CLONTARF: Another few anglers reeling with excitement after their first trip to Mullingar were the McConville family from Clontarf. It was a first for Mary, Ed and their sons, Tommy and Peter, who were trying their hand at fishing and they had a wonderful few hours. It was a real family day out as Ed and Mary recently celebrated their 50th birthdays and are planning another trip back to Mullingar. The McConville family are also very keen golfers and a few days are planned fishing and golfing here in the Midlands. Mind you, I made it quite clear I am not doing caddy, unless we drop into the 19th hole for a beer.
ENNELL ANGLERS. The Con Hope Perpetual Cup for pike that is penciled in for Sunday 2nd July has been postponed until Sunday week 9th July. Also on that day, Ennell anglers will host their all species family day out. Fishing is from 11am-5pm starting from Whitebridge Bay.
SHEELIN ANGLER: Barry Darby was out on Sheelin last week with a few pals and caught a super looking trout. The lake was quite choppy, but the lads boated some super fish on the day. Barry is one of the Midlands top predator anglers and is reeling in some huge pike and trout these days. At this time of year the trout are known to hammer perch fry and the takes can be very aggressive.


text:
France's Macron Says NATO Suffering 'Brain Death', Questions U.S. Commitment
PARIS (Reuters) – French President Emmanuel Macron, in an interview with British weekly The Economist, warned fellow European countries that they could no longer rely on the United States to defend North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) allies.
"What we are currently experiencing is the brain death of NATO," Macron was quoted as saying.
Asked whether he still believed in the Article Five "collective defense" stipulations of NATO's founding treaty – under which an attack against one ally is considered as an attack against all allies – Macron answered: "I don't know."
By Michel Rose; Editing by GV De Clercq and Gareth Jones | 7 Nov 2019
Nearly 700,000 People Moved out of California Last Year; Texas Most Popular Destination
1 in 3 San Francisco Residents Wants out, According to City Survey

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Chicago Bears fans had a good laugh about the team's decision to sign kicker Chris Blewitt earlier this offseason, but according to head coach Matt Nagy, the assumed pronunciation of the name isn't correct.
Speaking at the NFL Owners Meeting in Arizona this week, the Bears' coach had to dip into his French accent to correctly pronounce the kicker's name.
However Blewitt's name is pronounced, the fact is that he will be one of several kickers competing to replace Cody Parkey, who was cut by the team earlier this month. He has never kicked in an NFL game, but did make 69.6 percent of his field goals in a four-year college career at Pitt. He also made 97.1 percent of his extra points, although he did miss three in his senior season.


General Average is a principle of maritime law that requires all stakeholders to share any losses resulting from extreme events that threaten the safety of the vessel, cargo, and crew. In recent years, General Average has been declared when there has been a fire on a vessel, or when a vessel has grounded.
For example, if some cargo has to be thrown overboard in order to save the ship and the rest of the cargo in an emergency, then the loss is shared by all parties, including those whose cargo was saved due to the sacrifice of the other property.
General Average was recently declared for the fire on the Yantian Express, a Hapag-Lloyd vessel. The costs of extinguishing the fire and the related damage done to the ship and cargo will be counted towards the General Average. Average Adjusters will be appointed to coordinate the collection of documentation and General Average securities. Prior to cargo being released, all parties will be required to contribute to the General Average fund.
It's important to note that damage caused by smoke or heat is not included in the General Average. In addition, demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or expense incurred due to delay is also not allowed as General Average.
If you have cargo on the Yantian Express and are wondering what's happening with your shipment, see the most recent update about the situation in our Help Center, and add your container numbers to your dashboard so you can be sure to see the most recent status.
Photo of the Yantian Express fire by Cameron Brunick.


The continued use of cocaine is very damaging to the body. Cocaine use can lead to permanent physical problems and even death. Trying cocaine just once can lead to cocaine addiction. The short-term effects of cocaine use can be seen immediately in a user, even for those who have tried the drug only once. The effects of short-term use include an increased heart rate, dilated pupils and a decreased appetite.
Cocaine has intense mental and physical effects. The effects of long-term cocaine use are determined by the amount and length of cocaine use. Long-term effects include mood swings, paranoia, restlessness and addiction. Other users will experience a disconnection with reality, auditory hallucinations and periods of paranoid psychosis.
Cocaine is highly addictive due to its immediate euphoric effect. During a cocaine high, users will experience increased mental alertness and reduced fatigue. This euphoric feeling can last up to 30 minutes. The drug quickly becomes addictive as the body builds a tolerance to the euphoric feeling. This tolerance means the body requires more of the drug to reach the anticipated euphoric high.
Repeat cocaine use has detrimental health effects on the body. Regular cocaine users experience respiratory failure, headaches and seizures, nausea, abdominal pain, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, stroke and heart attacks. Chronic users can become malnourished due to a decreased appetite, which is an effect of the drug. Cocaine addiction treatment is aimed at treating users who suffer from the mental and physical disorders of continued cocaine use.


We're big believers in doing things in partnership. The better we understand your needs, the better the end result. We want to hear what you have to say and strongly believe that, as collaborators in a creative process, your opinion counts.
With a dedicated account manager (someone to look after you and act as your partner and consultant, however big or small your need) you'll know you're in safe hands. Whether you need a point of escalation, or someone to run you through the commercial aspects of your project, we'll make sure there's the right person available to offer their experience and expertise when you need it.
Our flexible and proactive approach means that we can tweak our tried and tested development process to suit any particular need.
Nothing is ever written in stone: if our clients need us to condense a timescale or work around their other commitments, we're on board. We recognise that e-learning and learning software is often only a part of the long to-do list many of our clients face, and want to do all that we can to make working with us as straightforward as we know it can be.
Great quality is what drives us to produce great work; as individuals and as a team.
Because we only hire the best, we only ever produce the best, making sure that every single project goes through our rigorous quality assurance process.
Our dedicated in-house Quality Assurance department reviews every single learning module we produce, checking every 'i' is dotted and every 't' is crossed.
What really sets us apart from our competitors is that we don't spend our time and resources on advertising ourselves in the traditional way. Instead, we pour everything in to providing a great service, making sure we're offering great value and passing on every possible efficiency to our clients.
With a knowledgeable sales team, open-book costing and transparent breakdowns, you can be sure you're getting the most for your money. We let our clients know where they can shave off a cost here and there and how to maximise the most of the resource they're creating. The result? Long standing partnerships with major clients all over the world, built on trust and delivery.
Not sure what information you need to get the ball rolling?
Don't worry - let's just start at the beginning.


text:
Vintage ads.
Posters of automotive history.
From the business referral to the modern advertising poster. These advertising posters tell the company history in impressive form, from the first automobile advertisement to the modern large-scale graphic arts poster, and today embody the contemporary history and its era as unique works of art.
The world's first automobile advertisement from 1888 shows the patented motor car.
This rare and highly valued poster by an anonymous artist from 1912 reveals marked Art Nouveau influences.
Ludwig Hohlwein, the most famous German poster artist, designed a poster for the 37/90 hp chain-driven car.
This poster from 1921 (Ottofranz Kutscher) shows the Mercedes 28/95 HP Phaeton.
"My Benz!!" from 1923 is presumed to have been an advertising gift.
The three-pointed Mercedes star and Benz's laurel wreath adorn the motif featuring in the advertisement announcing the companies amalgamation in 1926.
"The car in a class of its own": From the Orient to palm-tree settings – distant lands were a popular advertising motif in 1928.
The "Frau in Rot" (1928, Edward Cucuel Offelsmeyer) is one of the most striking advertising motifs of the 1920s.
This draft advertisement from 1929 (Peag) takes up elements of constructivism and is absolutely unique in the world of advertising from Mercedes-Benz.
"Der Stern ihrer Sehnsucht" (1929, Atelier Hans Neumann).
Well-known Cologne graphic artist Jupp Wiertz designed this poster to mark the 50th anniversary of the invention of the automobile in 1936.
"Consummate perfection": An advertisement from 1956 featuring a Mercedes-Benz 190 SL sporting red paintwork.
"That must have been a Mercedes-Benz...!" This advertisement from around 1936 highlights the fact that dream cars were a rare spectacle.
In 1956 a crouching tiger featured alongside the new 300 SL Roadster. "Elegant poise" was the key claim.
"A programme to meet all wishes": Catchy slogans on a poster by Atelier Harry Preußner (1956).
"Your guiding star on every road" from 1956, also by Atelier Harry Preußner.
"We build what you need" from around 1962 illustrates the growing importance of commercial vehicles.
This advertisement in English from 1961 (Atelier Harry Preußner) highlights the new approach adopted at the beginning of the 1960s.
"The new six-cylinder models – in a class of their own" (Atelier Harry Preußner, 1959).
In 1959 the spotlight was on the Mercedes-Benz 180, 180 D, 190 and 190 D models ("even more valuable, but no more expensive") (Atelier Harry Preußner).
Bold invention and innate fears.
"Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come." This famous quotation by French writer Victor Hugo has often proven well-founded. A degree of scepticism towards innovations nevertheless remains part of human nature.
Back in the 1880s, barely anyone believed that the newly invented automobile had a future – apart from such visionaries as Gottlieb Daimler, his chief designer Wilhelm Maybach and Carl Benz.
Business recommendations.
"In those days, nobody believed that anyone would countenance the idea of giving up the elegant horse and carriage for such an unreliable, squalid, puffing and rattling iron vehicle," notes Benz. He and the other pioneers opened up a new horizon with the invention of the automobile. The difficult early years were marked by a fear of breakdowns, a lack of understanding for the new technology and resultant sluggish demand, however. First and foremost, people had to be convinced that this new means of conveyance was safe. Benz was no great friend of advertising, however – for which the more genteel term "business recommendation" was used at the time. He held the view that the quality of a product must speak for itself. He nevertheless published the world's first automobile advertisement for the patented motor car in 1888.
The emphasis was now persistently on "goodwill advertising" as a trust-building exercise. The initial literature included claims such as "Absolutely safe", "No special operating skills required" or "Always ready for service".
The world's first automobile advertisement from 1888 shows the patented motor car (detail).
Ludwig Hohlwein, the most famous German poster artist, designed a poster for the 37/90 hp chain-driven car (detail).
Laying claim to the roads.
The first automobiles would not have arisen in 1886 without the drastic economic and social changes which took place in the 19th century. The automobile's rise to ascendancy on the roads nevertheless proved a slow and arduous process in which social, economic and political factors all played a role. Germany's population grew by almost 150 percent in the space of a century, for example, to 56 million. Rural flight and urban squalor were accompanied by poor incomes and low purchasing power. Movement of the population and industrialisation nevertheless rendered mechanical drives and transport ever more important – mobility became essential to earning a living. The democratisation of mobility did not begin in Germany until after the Second World War, while in the USA Henry Ford had heralded the start of mass motorisation almost 50 years earlier.
Safe and highly practical.
Press coverage focused first and foremost on publicising the "horseless carriage" and featuring its creator, thereby establishing a brand. Safety, reliability and suitability for daily use were also highlighted.
In addition to press coverage, the Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft also used the titles of national and international exhibitions to advertise its product offerings. Of even greater importance were car races, which offered vast publicity value and brought the brand international renown.
The focus was on style and the conventions of "fine society". Slogans such as "Mercedes-Benz shines resplendent", "Refinement ... free of pomp and whims of fashion" or "The last word" demonstrate a persuasive style of language that gave the brand a clear profile.
Gearing up for future triumphs.
The Daimler and Benz companies amalgamated in 1926 "… in order to offer passenger cars and commercial vehicles of superior quality at reasonable prices." The three-pointed Mercedes star and Benz's laurel wreath now formed the new trademark, and the advertisement announcing the amalgamation exuded confidence about the new company's future success. This confident message was one of the leitmotifs of the advertising campaign, together with the battle to secure recognition and to assert the company's credo in the face of the prevailing competition. Some advertisements merely unassumingly stated the company's name, while others were headed by claims such as the "peak of perfection". Some advertisements presented orthodox graphics and conventional motifs while others were altogether more bold and experimental. Advertising by Mercedes-Benz was generally serious in character, however.
"Der Stern ihrer Sehnsucht" (1929, Atelier Hans Neumann ) and "Frau in Rot" (1928, Edward Cucuel Offelsmeyer) are two of the most striking advertising motifs of the 1920s.
Reaching for the stars.
In the second half of the 1950s Daimler-Benz employed the services of an advertising agency, giving rise to advertising that was more systematic, clearer and more modern in character. The automobile increasingly came to predominate the advertisements as an object of desire. The motifs targeted aspirations, wishes and projections.
Certain types of vehicle were also placed in the spotlight. The automobile was stylised as a status symbol and prestige item. Female figures also began to play an increasingly dominant role, breaking down into two stereotypes: the suggestive, erotic woman and the fiendishly sporty female racing driver.
The "Roaring Twenties".
The 1920s saw female drivers taking to the wheel as a demonstration of women's new, more assertive role in society. The female advertising icon of these times was sporty, self-confident, romantic and refined. She was seen as having a good sense of judgement and influence over men – and she was portrayed as craving for a car from her man. She was "attended upon" by archaic gentlemen sporting leather caps and racing goggles. The advertisements' artists attached great importance to ensuring that the depicted vehicle was recognisable. A growing consciousness of tradition arose at the beginning of the 1930s. Daimler-Benz overcame the global economic crisis which began in October 1929 with an advertising strategy based on the traditional classes of vehicle
From victory to victory.
In 1931 the pressures of the global crisis forced the company to end its involvement in sport. Advertisements nevertheless appeared in the style of racing victory posters in 1938/39. The prototype 300 SL for motor racing finally arrived in the spring of 1952, reviving the topic in earnest. Artistically painted racing victory posters from all over the world glorified the heroes at the wheel while also highlighting the technical superiority of the sports cars concerned. The 300 SL racing sports car demonstrated its strengths on the international racing circuits with engineering originating in part from contemporary series-production passenger cars from Mercedes-Benz.
The racing successes invested the brand with added glamour, and the elaborate racing victory posters communicated a new self-confidence.
"That must have been a Mercedes-Benz...!" This advertisement from around 1936 highlights the fact that dream cars were a rare spectacle (detail).
"That must have been a Mercedes-Benz!"
In the 1950s and 1960s it became common to depict women in communications. Often as smiling front passengers accompanying their well-travelled husbands on excursions – but also as self-confident drivers in their own right. While male customers were assumed to be conversant with the technical aspects of motoring, the ladies were increasingly steered towards the topics of safety, comfort and economy. Advertising slogans such as "A new Mercedes means a new car has arrived" and "Relaxed motoring" indicate a new road which the brand is about to take.
EVO II raced to victory in Kyalami 30 years ago.
Thirty years ago, Roland Asch won the DTM race in South Africa in the EVO II with ABS.
On the road with Mercedes-Benz dream cars.
Driving a very personal dream car – like at the Classic Insight "Dream Cars by Mercedes-Benz" in Immendinge...
Dream cars.
With the help of our colleagues from the Mercedes-Benz Museum, we brought all of our dream cars together.
The Gullwing legend.
The history of unique Mercedes-Benz gullwing vehicles launched with the 300 SL and included both the C 111 ...
Triumph at the 1955 Sicilian final.
A double victory at the Targa Florio secured Mercedes-Benz the World Sportscar Championship 65 years ago.
Corporate history.
The name "Mercedes-Benz" is considered as embodiment of tradition and innovation all over the world.
Mercedes-Benz History.
You look for accessories, vintage cars or spare parts? Then this is the right place.


You are downloading the Find My App XAP file v1.2.0.0 for Windows Phone. Find My App is a free and useful Productivity app: Using Find My App, you can:1. Find app deals and hot new apps on Windows Phone.2. Browse top apps in iOS and Android and find matching apps ... You can now download the offline XAP file to install & try it.
Note: To install it manually from an SD card, you should choose one of the server location above to get the offline Find My App XAP file, move the file to your phone's SD card and then tap 'Install local apps' in the phone's App list.
Appx4Fun.com only share the original XAP installer for Find My App v1.2.0.0.
All the Windows Phone apps & games here are free for home or personal use ONLY. Find My App is the property and trademark from the developer myappwiz.com, all rights reserved.


Recent research indicates that losing about 10 percent of their previous body weight may help people with pre-diabetes reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the next three years if the weight loss came within six months of their diagnosis. The findings offer a clue on how short-term lifestyle changes may affect long-term health, especially for people with great risk of developing diabetes. A report on the said research is published on the online Journal of General Internal Medicine.
But not yet high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.
Participants either receive an intense lifestyle intervention program, a treatment consisting of taking metformin to reduce blood glucose levels, or a placebo.
Participants who took the lifestyle intervention program of the study were advised regarding better eating habits, told to exercise 150 minutes a week, and then given one-on-one counseling for the first six months and then group counseling afterwards.
Maruthur and her team looked into the collected study data to search for links to short-term weight loss, reduction of blood sugar levels and their impact on diabetes risk over the long term. They found out that participants on the lifestyle intervention regimen who lost 10 percent or more of their body weight experienced an 85 percent reduction rate of their risk in developing diabetes over the next three years. Even the participants who lost just 5 to 7 percent of their body weight experienced a 54 percent risk reduction three years later.
Those who were given metformin treatment did not lose a significant number in terms of their weight. But those who were able to significantly lower their blood sugar levels in the six months of taking the medication also experienced a risk reduction of developing diabetes. According to Maruthur, the participants who lose weight as well as lowered their blood sugar levels during the period of the study experienced the lowest risk from developing type 2 diabetes.


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text:
Multivac opens production facility in Bulgaria
The complex includes a warehouse and logistics center, a training center and an administration building.
All Printing Resources Inc.
Mondi joins PSTC, expands release liner presence in NA
Asia Pulp & Paper marks 5th anniversary of Forest Conservation Policy
MPS acquired
MPS announces sales agent in the Philippines
A new production plant Multivac Bulgaria Production Ltd was inaugurated in Bozhurishte, near Sofia, with a festive opening ceremony. The guests included Boyko Borissov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Emil Karanikolov, Minister of Economy of Bulgaria, Gerogi Dimov, Mayor of Bozhurishte and Franz Josef Pschierer, Bavarian Minister of State for Economic Affairs, Energy and Technology, as well as other government officials and local politicians. Multivac is a global supplier of packaging solutions for food, life science, industrial and healthcare products. the company's portfolio covers virtually all manufacturers' requirements in terms of packaging design, output and resource efficiency and includes a variety of packaging technologies as well as automation solutions, labelers and quality control systems.
Multivac Bulgaria Production Ltd is located in the industrial area of Bozhurishte and has a total surface area of around 20,000 square meters. In addition to a factory building with the latest technology for the production of Multivac parts, the complex also includes a state-of-the-art warehouse and logistics center, a training center and an administration building. In addition to the Bulgarian sales and service company headed by Trifon Filipov, an international Shared Service Centre for IT, Strategic Purchasing, Design and Service will also be housed in the new building.
The groundbreaking ceremony for the new production facility was celebrated in September 2016. A total of 18.8 million euros were invested and more than 150 modern and secure jobs were created. Several initiatives were started by the company as far back as 2015 to attract young professionals in IT and logistics, among other areas.
"We are pleased to celebrate the opening of our first production facility in Eastern Europe here in Bozhurishte after a construction period of roughly two and a half years," says Hans-Joachim Boekstegers, Managing Director and Group CEO of Multivac. "Working in three shifts at this site, qualified specialists will produce machine parts and assemblies that meet the Multivac quality standard. We are using modern turning and milling machines just as we also use at our headquarters in Germany. Incidentally, just a few weeks after commissioning, we are already utilising our full capacity."
Ivaylo Dimitrov, Managing Director of Bulgaria Production Ltd, adds, "We are proud that the Multivac Group has opted for Bulgaria as the place to expand its production capacity. Our goal is to be one of the most modern production sites within the Group and to guarantee the high Multivac standards through our specialists."
In addition to the new plant in Bulgaria, Multivac has eleven additional production sites in Germany, Austria, Spain, Brazil, Japan, Finland and the USA, as well as more than 80 sales and service companies worldwide.
Bobst to open second production facility in China
Harper receives new ISO 9001:2015 certification
GEW warns against potential patent infringements
Harper heads to Guadalajara for Label Summit Latin America 2018
Mark Andy hails success of Digital One Workshops
Heaford bolsters NA presence with appointment of US Flexo Solutions
Judy Abelman joins LPC
Contiweb to become independent
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where everyone lives happily ever after.
Theresa A. Cancro (Wilmington, Delaware) writes poetry and fiction. Many of her poems have appeared in print and online publications internationally. She also enjoys music, dance, and gardening, when time permits.


Keeping fit can be a major problem for anyone with a tight schedule. There are some simple fitness tips to follow that can not only make your life easier but keep your life on track. These may take some getting used to but they are well worth looking into for those interested in keeping fit. For what it is worth most of these tips involve a cooler of some sort, so find one that you are happy with even as it fits the volume available; some people prefer a traditional red while others prefer something more fashionable; either way, it is the function of acting as an insulator that is important here not the color.
If you drive everywhere one of the problems you will no doubt face is hunger and thirst, but you want to avoid buying food from any convenience store you happen to pass. If you have a medium or larger car, a picnic cooler can thus be your best friend. Make sure that you also have a small cold pack for the cooler; even if you use the cooler as dry storage you will appreciate the pack when the weather is warm. Keep the cooler full of healthy snacks and drinks and you will always have something available when you get hungry.
Some great snacks to keep in this cooler are gluten–free crackers. This is not because "gluten-free" is necessarily healthy, but because there are more options available than most other brands. They also tend to be made with healthier ingredients; you can find crackers covered with a variety of seeds, baked-in cheeses, and even baked-in vegetables. This makes them better for snacking as there is less temptation to use some sort of topping, which in turn limits the amount of calories that a person eats. Combined with some dried fruits and you shave some snacks available as needed.
You should also keep a variety of drinks available as well. Water should make up the bulk of the liquid, with liquid enhancers if at all possible. Water that has been flavored with fruit juices should be used as well for the additional Vitamin C boost. Energy drinks should be debated as they may provide a boost but they also contain a lot more sugar than you should be drinking. The cooler in your car may not sound like much, but if it is properly stocked and rotated it can make a healthy life so much easier.


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No. 5 Michigan State, without Adreian Payne, survives in overtime
By Rob DausterJan 11, 2014, 5:29 PM EST
Health and Michigan State just haven't belonged in the same sentence this season.
The Spartans have been banged up all year long, with the latest injury issue being the sprained foot on top of plantar fasciitis that All-American caliber center Adreian Payne has been dealing with this week.
Payne didn't play as Minnesota came to visit on Saturday, and Michigan State sure could've used him, especially early on. The Gophers were on fire early, hitting seven first half threes and building a lead that reached double-figures in the final minutes of the period.
But Michigan State woke up late, riding the coattails of Gary Harris and Keith Appling — who combined for 43 points and six assists — to an 86-75 win in overtime. Kenny Kaminski provided a huge spark off the bench in Payne's absence, hitting five threes and scoring 15 points. Minnesota always plays Michigan State tough, and winning any game in conference play when you're short-handed is a good win.
It's tough to argue here if you're Tom Izzo or Michigan State.
But I will say this: this is the second straight game that the Spartans were unable to put away down the stretch, both of which came at home. They blew a 17-point lead to Ohio State in the final seven minutes on Tuesday night, a game where they turned the ball over nine times during that stretch. Against Minnesota, the Spartans were up six with 2:41 left in regulation. They were still up five with 22 seconds left and likely would have avoided overtime had Gary Harris not gone 0-for-2 from the foul line with 12 seconds left.
I still think that Michigan State is the best team in the country not named Arizona, but that doesn't mean that this is a comforting trend.
Follow @robdauster


Accommodation: 4 different missionary homes for 1-2 nights, 4 different hotels for a night each in between, yes that's a lot of movement and transition, apologies for what we probably left behind. Mobile office work in between meetings below . .
Adorable Serge children: a 15, sampling below skewed towards the youngest. Let's be real, these kids are a big part of our hearts and prayer life, they did not choose to be ten thousand miles from grandparents, to be touched and poked and stared at, to bond their hearts to homes that could evaporate into inaccessibility at the whim of politics, to forgo swimming lessons and summer camps and ice cream cones and libraries and a lot of what is considered normal American childhood. Oh, some of them will need teachers soon . . . contact us!
Heart-to-heart conversations: daily, sometimes hourly, the core of what draws us on trips like this. What a privilege to listen to the stories, to pray, to sometimes give a reality check, to sometimes just give a testimony of empathy. Yes, life is hard. Yes, God sees. From the struggles of kids to the discouragements of ministry to the bewilderments of language and culture and laws, we try to hear and process and lift up these saints.
Hospitals: 2 this trip, Kijabe and Litein. We purposed to thank the administration for their welcoming partnerships, their grace-filled help for our people. And we tried to work on clarity, job expectations, MOU's, future planning, ideas, vision.
New ministries: 1 Serge Apprenticeship with 5 Apprentices started in Nairobi in January. These young adults spend a day a week in a structured study of Scripture and discipleship, are mentored in cross-cultural relationship, study a new language, and get their hands and hearts right into the fray. We also have 5 SA's/interns in Bundi doing a parallel program. It's a great way to test the waters and grow in grace.
Languages: 5, though we only attempted 3 . . and continually confused them.
Amazing coffee stops: not as many as one might wish . . . but we did squeeze in some Cafe Javas (Uganda) and Java House (Kenya) with more mobile office time . .
Photography gigs: 1 night, Banquet at RVA, the purported instigator of this entire trip. Our Serger teens at RVA happened to be on the committee responsible for photography for their big Junior-Senior formal night, and way back before we heard the call to fill in the gap in Uganda we agreed to help them as photographers which would have been a quick jaunt from Naivasha. So glad we could still come, because everything else in this trip was equally compelling and valuable . . and the BQ night was a treat to witness. Beauty and the Beast themed dinner theatre for a couple hundred people DIY . . no problem. Note Michael Masso's fountain in the background.
Emotional reunions with former pets: 2, though that's a bit of a stretch, we only kept Pili for others for a short time. But Chardonnay nearly made me cry. You can't really go home again, we know it, everything changes. At least the dogs remain faithful.
Regrets: TNTC, which is medical short-hand for a lot ("too-numerous-to-count"). Honestly, after 25 years, we have a lot of cross cultural relationships that are longer lasting than the teams we supervise, so it is a sorrow to breeze through a place we used to live and only connect with a few people briefly. It makes them feel undervalued and makes us feel the gap. Should we have tried harder to set up a party, a meal, an open house, a meeting point? Probably. Can we be thankful for the glimpses of continuity we DID get? Yes. Perhaps the highlight of the week was Tanya, daughter of a Kenyan paediatrician friend, running out to jump into my arms for a hug when I knocked on their door, and then the next day just stopping by to chat with me after school, all on her own. I felt loved. Below, Bob and Lilian who welcomed me to Kijabe over 8 years ago and have remained colleagues and friends.
Miles to go before we sleep: approximately 400 km (miles in poetry, km in reality). We drove Bundibugyo to Fort Portal to Kampala to Entebbe, flew to Nairobi, drove around Nairobi then to Kijabe, then to Litein, then back to Kijabe back to Nairobi. Flew back to Entebbe for our car this a.m and are now headed west back to Bundibugyo.
Along the road, your path may wander . . but through it all, a heart held humble, levels and lights the way. Thanks Dan Fogelberg for the life soundtrack.
One month back in the heavy lush greenery of Uganda, and this anthem which we sang so often frequently runs through my head.
We love this land. The most formative years of our family life were lived in this land. We risked our lives for this land. We have deep roots in the people we left behind here. So it is hard to see not only the spectacular potential but also the heartache. I think in the last 8 years in Kenya, it was easy to feel like it was pretty similar. Sure, a decade down the development highway, but basically comparable. Then I found myself explaining the last month to a Kenyan colleague on the phone yesterday and . . .well, there are no interns or medical officers of any kind on the wards, actually most days nurses are alone. There are few drugs. Marc is working on oxygen tanks because there is rarely enough power to run an oxygen concentrator, and there won't be enough for incubators. There are not really hospital records other than plain lined paper books. There are no vital signs taken. There is no documentation most of the time of medications given. The health center 4 where we worked most of our time has persevered with good maternity services thanks to the faithful nurses we invested in . . but the rest of the care has fallen from "one of the best in the country" to a level of dingy sad mediocrity as the supervision fell to a doctor who seems mostly interested in procedures he can charge extra for. Private clinics have sprung up like weeds and the medicine meant for the poor is rumored to be divided amongst them. Patients shrugged off their lack of an injection or lab test as understandable since they could not afford to bribe action. The inertia is palpable. We have also been told so many stories of deception, of conflicts over money or land, that our heads are spinning about who to believe or how to function without believing anyone too fully. The team sank thousands of dollars into a new transformer to solve electricity problems that has become a year-long saga of one excuse after another for failed results.
Then the bright spots shine through, our friend the medical superintendent with integrity and passion and a sense of responsibility that must be giving him ulcers, carrying on in Dr. Jonah's footsteps with wisdom and sacrifice. The young men who tell us that even though we can't always be around, they are our "seeds" and want to carry on what we did. The student we interviewed who said she came to CSB feeling hopeless and sad after losing her parents and being left with her grandmother, but then chapel after chapel, service after service, she kept hearing that God saw her, loved her, valued her, and she started to believe it. So much so that she has excelled her way through with a vision to counsel others. A fair-trade cocoa business making a chocolate bar sourced from Bundibugyo. Girls playing the drums in church.
O Uganda, we laid our future in your hands in 1993, and we still stand with you longing for better.
Tomorrow we will fly back to Kenya for a week. The Lubwisi and Swahili are waging a war in my head and on my tongue already, so I'm bracing for a setback. We look forward to a 20-degrees-cooler elevation and to not feeling quite so foreign. A long time ago we became sojourners, strangers and pilgrims, people of divided loyalties. Now I'm realizing that alien heartache subdivides and fractures even further, not just North America vs. Africa, but each home we have loved, and even each team we pray for and support intermittently.
First stop was Fort Portal, ran into Pat immediately, headed to get coffee at Andrew's Gardens and of course a former CSB teacher passed by to chat. The beauty of Uganda is that we find people we know so easily.
Our Fort Portal team, Jenna and Pat, discipling young women and creating beautiful handmade fabric-based items to give them an income and hope for supporting their families.
Isaiah and Ivan are two Kule Leadership Students, medicine and nursing, with huge hearts for God and others, and great skills in their final stages of training. They met us for dinner as we arrived in Kampala on our way to Kenya.
This was our favorite restaurant, back in the day, Indian food . . . and of course one of the waiters remembered us.
Even at the mall in Kampala, the guy doing the security check says "Dr. Scott??!!?" Turns out he was a church leader from Bundibugyo back in the day, and asked about our kids by name, so of course we had to show him their pictures . . .
Those phrases are from Genesis 1 and nowhere more apparent than the tropical rainforest that is Bundibugyo. When I was growing up in the 70;s, terrariums were popular, and I remember making mine in a glass jar, a mini-ecosystem with moisture and green mosses and transplants from the woods. Now with live in one. Stifling humidity gathers in a haze for days into a pounding downpour, grasses taller than our heads, vines thicker than arms, splashes of color in wildly thorny bougainvillea, ares of cocoa trees. Whirring insects and trilling birds, swooping bats, bleating goats, and all manner of lizards from geckos to massive blue-headed reptiles, tiny ants in the shower and huge biting ants in the yard. Walls and screens are a porous line between indoor and outdoor, easily traversed by all manner of life. Likewise skin, as insects feed and burrow. Any low point of ground becomes a soup of more life. What would be a puddle in in most places is a cacophonous croaking amphibian habitat here.
And human life in all its messy glory abounds as well, giggling toddlers and self-assured packs of young boys, teens in school uniforms and mothers with basins on their heads, farmers carrying machetes and young women lingering behind roughly made tables piled with tomatoes and matoke and cabbages for sale.
Eden literally means paradise, and Uganda has as good a claim as any to being the steaming fertile incubator of life.
The median age in Africa is 18, compared to 37 in the USA. In Uganda that is even lower, 15 years, the second youngest country in the world (that means HALF the population is younger than 15 years old . . and we have seen that population more than double in our 25 years on the ground). This is a young continent. I routinely meet women who have 8, 10, more children; plus families care for orphaned nieces and nephews, or grandchildren, or neighbors. Progeny are the most precious goal of life here. All the world over, when survival improves, child spacing and planning for a family's education and future follows suit, and things even out a bit But right now, this generation is booming.
If you are sitting in one of the red/orange countries above, you might think of priorities differently than if you are sitting in a green one. WE NEED PEOPLE COMMITTED TO THE YOUTH. Teachers, youth pastors, coaches. Health care workers. More teachers. School administrators. Physical therapists, occupational therapists, counselors. This generation holds potential, and if people of God, people with kindness and maturity and selflessness and skill do not pay attention to them, unscrupulous people will. The green countries are also recruitment grounds for rebel movements. My former neighbor became a rebel soldier as a youth, trained in Khartoum, took advantage of an amnesty to return to Uganda then became a gun dealer selling to gangs of thieves, and is now in jail. His brother, instead, went to CSB and is now an accountant doing solid honest work. Both were influenced by adults who took interest in their lives, one to exploit and one to empower. Another neighbor girl who grew up with our daughter has now been recruited by one of over 140 firms operating in Uganda to export workers to the Middle East, to countries with abundant oil revenue who want cheap labor in their homes. It's a fine line between jobs and human trafficking. We are torn between being worried for her safety and empathizing with her spirit of courage and adventure.
This is a map where Africa shines. Green is usually the "good" on maps, and red is usually "danger". Will God's people the world over see this youthful abundance as blessing and opportunity? As strength? As a call for sacrificial investment?
We have a dozen important things that we could use help with here in the valley of biological exuberance. Contact us here to get some ideas!
Friday wrap up: A few photos of the week . . .
We were invited for lunch yesterday to celebrate with old friends Bamparana and Donatina. Days are full with work, correspondence, calls, mentoring, budgets, meetings . . and then moving about in the community or receiving visitors as we renew friendships.
A rare moment of work intersection, with Dr. Marc and the nutrititon team of Bahati, Jessie, and Alisha, on the Paeds ward.
One of our Kule Leadership Scholars, Dr. Kisembo Peter, came with his mother and brother to express thanks for his graduation from medical school (complete with a live rooster and bags of rice!). He's now an intern. His father died in our Bundibugyo Ebola epidemic 11 years ago.
We had a 3-day visit from the LaRochelle family as they returned to DRC. Praying for their wisdom and safety as they continue their work, even as the Ebola epidemic just over our border percolates on.
Mary teaching mothers and children about nutrition at Nyahuka Health Center.
This baby's mother died, but after a week on our inpatient nutrition service the grandmother is re-lactating!
A young family very dear to us, Ndyezika was in the inaugural CSB class and later married Juliet, who taught there for many years.
Scott and CSB staff on an hour-long radio talk show, complete with call-ins and questions! They were promoting the school to boost enrollment.
Sorting the haphazard stack of files on the Paeds ward and weighing every patient . . the ward gets more full every time I go.
A quick visit to our friend Melen's Alpha Kindergarten, some of the 200 tiny people in those classrooms spilling out.
With John and his mothers, feeling thankful.


Wild West Days (1937) is a Universal film serial based on a western novel by W. R. Burnett. It was the 103rd of the studio's 137 serials (and the 35th with sound).
Larry and Lucy Munro own a hidden gold mine. Newspaper editor Matt Keeler wants the mine for himself and has Larry framed for to get it. Frontiersman Kentucky Wade - with Dude Hanford, Mike Morales and Trigger Benton - come to the Munros' aid.
This serial was based on the novel "Saint Johnson" by William R. Burnett. However, the main character in the serial is a frontiersman called Kentucky Wade instead of Saint Johnson as in the novel.
^ Cline, William C. (1984). "2. In Search of Ammunition". In the Nick of Time. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 10. ISBN 0-7864-0471-X.
^ Cline, William C. (1984). "Filmography". In the Nick of Time. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 218. ISBN 0-7864-0471-X.
This page was last edited on 18 August 2016, at 12:21 (UTC).


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The Science of HIV & AIDS in the UK
By Helen Carter.
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GNU1.2 - Niki K
In the UK the plight of AIDS today gets much less attention from the public and the media than it did back in the 1980's and early 1990's. This often leads to the misconception that AIDS is no longer a problem in this country; in reality, the increasing prevalence of HIV in the UK proves that this is simply not true...
Worldwide, accepted definitions, facts and figures on HIV and AIDS include:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms and infections that result from specific damage to the immune system by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
HIV is transmitted through the direct contact of a mucous membrane, or the bloodstream, with a bodily fluid containing HIV.
The late stage of the condition leaves individuals prone to opportunistic infections and tumours.
Whilst antiretroviral treatments for AIDS and HIV exist to reduce the mortality and morbidity of HIV infection to date there is no known cure; even access to these antiretroviral treatments is not routine in all countries.
Researchers believe that sometime in the 1930's a form of simian immunodeficiency virus jumped to humans who butchered or ate chimpanzee bush meat in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus became HIV-1, the most widespread form found today.
The world's first known case of AIDS has been traced to a sample of blood plasma from a man who died in 1959. During the 1970's HIV continued to spread undetected around the world and hence the pandemic began. Today an estimated 40 million people are living with HIV worldwide.
As of January 2006, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World Health Organization estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognised on June 5th, 1981.
The stigma associated with HIV/AIDS is severe and extends to providers and volunteers involved with the care of HIV infected patients. AIDS exerts its toll also on societies, devastating their economies, decimating their labour forces and orphaning children.
Thus, it is one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history, surpassing even the Black Death. By 2015 it is estimated that 60 million people will have died of AIDS.
In 2004 the global spending on AIDS was $6.1b. Estimated global AIDS spending required in 2007 for prevention and care is $20b. Less than 3% of all money spent on AIDS goes towards developing a vaccine for the disease.
In February 2007 a study published in the Lancet showed that male circumcision could dramatically reduce the risk of HIV infection. The randomised control trial showed that circumcised men were 60% less likely to pick up HIV. This means that if all of the 2.5 million men in KwaZulu-Natal province had been circumcised, 37,000 new HIV infections could have been prevented in 2007 alone.
The history of HIV / AIDS in the UK
The first recognised case of AIDS in the UK was recorded in December 1981, when doctors at Brompton Hospital in London reported the case of a 49 year old homosexual man who had died ten days post referral. He was suffering from a rare infection that almost always occurs in individuals with severely weakened immune systems. Doctors believed that the condition might be linked to similar cases that had been occurring amongst gay men in the US.
Throughout the 1980's the number of newly diagnosed HIV infections per year in the UK rose steadily. The figure plateaued during the 1990's, averaging about 3,000 cases per year, but then increased dramatically after 1999. By 2005, the annual number of newly diagnosed infections was more than 7,500, and an estimated 63,500 people over 15 years of age were living with HIV in the UK, 20,100 (32%) of whom were believed to be unaware of having been infected. Since the pandemic began there have been 17,161 known UK HIV deaths.
The science bit...
HIV is a retrovirus, meaning that it uses a chemical relative of DNA, called RNA (ribonucleic acid), as its genetic material. It primarily attacks components of the human immune system, including T lymphocytes and other white blood cells that carry "CD4" receptors on their surfaces.
HIV enters its target cells by binding to both the CD4 molecule and a chemokine "co-receptor", of which there are two forms, CCR5 and CXCR4. Once inside the cell the virus makes a DNA copy of its genome and then uses an enzyme it carries with it, called integrase, to insert this copy into the cell's own DNA.
Either immediately, or after a period of dormancy known as latency, the virus then hijacks the cell and turns it into a virus factory. The newly produced viruses leave the infected cell, destroying it in the process, and move on to invade other CD4+ cells, which are mainly T lymphocytes. These are the cellular linchpins that help to marshal the other components of the body's immune system.
As their numbers dwindle the ability of the body to mount an effective immune response to combat other invaders, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, is progressively weakened. This means that HIV kills by slowly destroying the immune system and leaving the infected individual vulnerable to infection by so called "low grade" or opportunistic bugs.
What is the natural history of HIV infection? What are the symptoms?
Most infections with HIV are initially "silent", meaning that a person may not notice that anything is wrong. Then, several weeks after infection, patients often develop a "seroconversion illness", which characteristically includes 'flu-like symptoms, lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph glands), fevers, loss of appetite and weight, diarrhoea and general lethargy and malaise.
During this time infected individuals have very high levels of virus in the bloodstream (10 million viruses per millilitre of blood is not uncommon). The reason for this very high viral load is that the virus is able to replicate (grow) largely unchecked because the immune system has yet to mount an effective suppressive response, including the production of antibodies that can mop up viral particles.
The number of CD4+ T cells can fall to very low levels at this time, and the patient is highly infectious. But then the immune system kicks in, and the virus largely retreats, hiding within lymphoid tissues and replicating only very slowly. The levels of virus in the blood stream become much lower, the patient is less infectious and feels well. Untreated, an infected individual usually remains "healthy" like this for 5 to 15 years.
However, the body's immune system only has a limited ability to control HIV. The virus makes mistakes when it copies its genetic code. Roughly once in every 10,000 genetic letters that are copied the virus introduces the wrong genetic base. Since the genome contains about 9000 bases in total, almost every genome copied will contain an error.
The result is that these genetic mistakes alter the appearance of the virus and so make it harder for the immune system to recognise and keep up, because it is trying to hit a moving target. Eventually, through this progressive shape-shifting, the virus takes on a form that the immune system cannot respond to, and at this point the pace of the infection begins to accelerate and the number of CD4+ T cells begins to fall.
When the CD4 count falls below a critical threshold (400 per microlitre of blood) the body is no longer able to defend itself. At this point an HIV-infected individual is said to have AIDS, and patients usually begin to develop opportunistic infections caused by organisms that would not normally affect healthy people.
These include mycobaterial infections (caused by bacteria related to tuberculosis), the lung infection PCP (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia), oral and genital thrush, complications of CMV (cytomegalovirus), chronic diarrhoea and weight loss, toxoplasmosis, meningitis, dementia, and polyomavirus (JC virus), which is associated with a disease of the brain's white matter known as PML (progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy).
At this point, patients are often prescribed prophylactic drugs to help ward off some of these infections including co-trimoxazole, which can slow down the progression of PCP.
Without treatment, the median survival time after developing AIDS is only about 9 months. However, the rate of clinical disease progression varies widely between individuals from 2 weeks to 20 years.
Many factors affect this rate of progression, including age, quality of health care and the presence of co-existing infections. An individual's genetic make-up also plays an important role because it's now becoming clear that some people are resistant to certain strains of HIV and although they become infected they do not seem to develop AIDS, or they do so only extremely slowly.
There are individuals who seem to be totally immune to infection with the virus. They carry a mutated cell surface marker called CCR5-delta-32, which prevents HIV from locking onto and invading their cells. Scientists hope that understanding what makes these people able to resist the virus may hold the key to future therapies to block infection amongst susceptible individuals.
Anti-HIV drug treatment
Whilst the number of people living with HIV is rising each year, the number of HIV infections that progress to AIDS has dropped dramatically since 1996. This is primarily the result of anti-retroviral therapies, which are available to slow the progress of the virus.
Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) target essential components of the viral replication cycle and include reverse transciptase (RT) inhibitors, which interfere with the way the virus makes a complementary "cDNA" copy of its RNA genome, and protease inhibitors, which prevent the virus from cutting up the raw materials it needs to form new viral particles.
Drugs that block RT fall into two categories. These are known as nucleoside and non-nucleoside RT inhibitors. The nucleoside RT inhibitors are structurally very similar to normal DNA bases, but they lack a critical chemical group required to enable a DNA chain to grow. So when the viral RT inserts one of these altered bases into the copy that it's making of its genetic code, it can't finish the job because it cannot add the next genetic letter.
An example of this type of agent is the drug AZT or zidovudine (azidothymidine). The non-nucleoside RT inhibitors, which include drugs like efavirenz and nevirapine, work slightly differently. They target the RT enzyme itself and bind to it, distorting its shape so that it cannot work properly. This stops the virus from replicating.
Protease inhibitors (PIs) only emerged more recently. They work by blocking the action of a protein-cutting enyzme carried by HIV. The protease is essential for the virus being able to assemble new infectious particles. If this enzyme is prevented from doing its job, the virus cannot escape from the infected cell. An example of the PIs includes saquinavir, which is famous for being one of the first drugs produced by building a computer model of the shape of the viral enzyme and then designing a drug specifically to block it.
There are also agents known as fusion inhibitors, which are a newer type of drug that work by stopping HIV from binding with the CD4 receptors that it uses to enter cells. One being evaluated at the moment is called efurvatide.
Doctors have also recently been testing a new agent called raltegravir, which is an "integrase inhibitor". This prevents the virus from inserting a copy of its genetic material into the host cell genome. In a recent trial published in the Lancet, doctors randomly allocated 179 patients with end-stage HIV / AIDS to receive either the active drug or a placebo. After 6 months the patients receiving raltegravir showed a 98% drop in the levels of virus in the bloodstream, compared with only 45% in the placebo group.
The next step will be to test raltegravir in combination with other HAART regimen drugs in healthier patients who are not approaching the end-stages of their disease. It may make a considerable difference to the rate of disease progression.
There are many drugs with which we can now combat HIV, but there's still a problem. Because the virus frequently makes mistakes when it copies its genetic material, it rapidly develops forms of the virus that are resistant to the action of these drugs.
To slow down the rate at which this happens, rather than use them singly, a cocktail of drugs is used, often one from each of the three classes (nucleoside RT inhibitors, non-nucleoside RT inhibitors and protease inhibitors).
This practice is known as "HAART" or Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and it has dramatically reduced the evolution of viral resistance and prolonged the time during which an HIV-infected individual remains healthy and symptom free. However, it's worth emphasising that, whilst drugs help to control the spread of HIV to uninfected cells, unfortunately there is no treatment available at present that can eradicate HIV once integrated into a host.
HIV drug side effects...
The chronic nature of HIV infection means that individuals using HAART have to take medication every day for the rest of their lives, and this can cause significant side effects. When individuals first start treatment they may suffer headaches, hypertension or general malaise (feeling unwell), although these usually improve or disappear with time.
Other side effects can include diarrhoea, nausea, fatigue, anaemia, lipodystrophy, skin problems, neuropathy, mitochondrial toxicity, dyslipidaemia and bone problems. Whilst most people who take anti-HIV medications have some side effects it must not be assumed that everyone gets every side effect that has ever been written down.
Another problem with combating HIV is that a number of different strains of the virus can arise due to differences in selection pressures as the virus encounters different individuals, different drugs and different routes of spread. This can result in resistance to multiple anti-retrovirals and frequently occurs through a process called recombination. It occurs because each HIV virion carries two complete RNA genomic strands, meaning that homologous recombination can occur when a cell is coinfected with two different but related strains. The two strains exchange genetic material, including drug resistance traits. The process of recombination also therefore poses theoretical problems for the development of a safe vaccine against HIV.
The situation is also made worse by the fact that increasing numbers of patients are found to be carrying resistant forms of the virus at diagnosis, even before any drug therapy has been administered.
In 2004, an estimated 9% of new HIV diagnoses were found to be drug resistant strains, presumably acquired from individuals who had already received treatment. If patients then acquire additional strains of the virus with different resistance profiles the process of recombination can yield multiply-resistant viruses.
In a case described recently in the Lancet, this resulted in an individual producing a strain of the virus that was resistant to every available anti-retroviral agent. The patient in question also progressed to AIDS and died within six months of becoming infected.
The main ways HIV is transmitted in the UK
The three main transmission routes of HIV are sexual contact, exposure to infected body fluids or tissues and from mother to foetus or child during the perinatal period.
It is possible to find HIV in the saliva, tears and urine of infected individuals but there are no recorded cases of infection by these secretions and the risk of infection is negligible. Breast milk, however, is known to be a significant risk factor for mother to child transmission of HIV. The Breastfeeding and HIV International Transmission Study, which analysed data from 4085 infants in nine different African studies, found that between 24 and 42% of infants breastfed by an HIV-positive mother acquired HIV. As a result, HIV-positive mothers are advised either not to breastfeed their babies, or to breastfeed with accompanying prophylactic antiretroviral therapy to lower the risk of HIV transmission.
A reported 754 HIV-infected children had been born in the UK to infected mothers as of the end of December 2006. Aware of the increasing risk posed by HIV to newborns and care-workers, in 1999 the UK Government introduced routine antenatal testing for HIV amongst all pregnant women. In those found to be positive, the use of antiretroviral treatment can greatly reduce the chances of a mother passing the infection to her baby. Since 1996 the increased use of such treatment has caused the rate of mother-to-child transmission to fall substantially.
Early media coverage of AIDS in the UK focused on injecting drug users. During the early 1980's it was a big problem, but in 1986 needle exchanges began to operate across the UK, providing clean needles and giving drug users information and support. These schemes were largely effective in reducing the prevalence of HIV among certain members of this population. However, while they account for a small proportion of people living with HIV in the UK, the prevalence of HIV among injecting drug users has risen significantly in recent years (from 1:110, in 2002, to 1:62, in 2006). This rise has been attributed to an increase in the use of drugs outside of London where needle exchange schemes and information about HIV are harder to access.
Government HIV/AIDS policy in the UK
According to the latest Government legislation, NHS treatment for HIV is free to everyone who is living in the UK legally. This means that people who are living in the UK without due authority (such as illegal immigrants and failed asylum seekers) must pay for any HIV treatment they receive.
This measure aimed to tackle health tourism, the process whereby people migrate to a country in order to take advantage of better healthcare services there. However, denial of treatment to people in these situations can effectively be a death sentence, especially if they are then deported to countries where no treatment is available.
There are certain 'notifiable diseases', for which a person will always receive treatment in the UK regardless of their legal status, in order to prevent the rapid spread of epidemics. HIV, however is not on the notifiable diseases list. If a woman has no legal right to be in the UK then she will only receive medication to stop her baby being born HIV positive if doctors decide it is an 'emergency'.
Financial costs to the UK health system
The cost of managing a patient with HIV is around £16,000 a year.
The total cost of treatment and care in 2002/03 was estimated to be £345m.
In 2000 it was estimated that the average lifetime treatment cost for an HIV positive person was between £135k and £181k.
Why is HIV / AIDS still on the increase in the UK?
There is currently no vaccine or cure for HIV or AIDS. The only known methods of prevention are based on avoiding exposure to the virus, male circumcision which is discussed below, and antiretroviral treatment administered directly after a highly significant exposure. This is known as post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and comprises a 4 week drug schedule, the side effects of which are very unpleasant.
Another reason people are still dying of AIDS is due to many being diagnosed with HIV at a late stage of infection. In 2005 more than one third of adults diagnosed with HIV had a CD4 count lower than the recommended threshold for starting treatment. At this stage treatment is much less likely to work. This late diagnosis is alarmingly common, highlighting the need for greater awareness and for people to access testing services as soon as possible if they think they may have been exposed to HIV.
What is next for HIV/AIDS in the UK?
Billions of pounds are spent every year worldwide on caring for and treating individuals with HIV/AIDS and on resources to prevent further spreading of the virus. However, ultimately it is a cure that is required to combat this pandemic.
A vaccine to prevent HIV infection, as an alternative method to current therapies, may still be many years away. Not only might such a vaccine have to prime antibodies to attack HIV (the way most vaccines work) but it might also need to increase T cell production.
Vaccine trials have been undertaken in South Africa, Kenya, the USA and Thailand, though most have yet to yield promising results. Controversial vaccines made from the blood of HIV carriers have been tested in Nigeria and Thailand. Other developing avenues for treatment of HIV positive individuals include gene therapy, targeted radiation therapy and nanotube technology to block the invasion of HIV into target cells. In April 2007 researchers even identified a component naturally present in human blood (a protein derived from alpha-1-antitrypsin) that can block HIV entry into cells.
The benefit of male circumcision in HIV prevention
In the absence of a vaccine, researchers have turned to other approaches to try to combat the virus. A promising discovery, confirmed earlier in 2007, was that male circumcision can dramatically reduce, by 60-80%, the chances of acquiring HIV.
The first clues that circumcision might be beneficial in halting the spread of HIV came after researchers noticed much lower prevalences of HIV infection amongst communities in which males were routinely circumcised, usually at birth.
This hypothesis was tested recently in a series of randomised control trials in which HIV-negative volunteers seeking the procedure were randomly assigned either to undergo circumcision immediately or to wait for a period of time first. The patients were followed up with regular HIV tests.
The trial had to be stopped prematurely on ethical grounds when a large excess of HIV cases were found in the group of individuals asked to wait before undergoing circumcision.
Scientists think that the foreskin represents a significant portal of entry for the virus because it is relatively enriched in cell types targeted by HIV. The foreskin also provides an environment in which the virus can persist for an extended period, maximising the risk of infection, and the mucosa of the foreskin can develop tiny fissures during intercourse and these facilitate viral entry and infection.
In response to these findings, the WHO / UNAIDS have recommended that it should be considered as an effective preventative measure. According to Kevin de Cock, director of the World Health Organisation's AIDS department, "This is an extraordinary development...Circumcision is the most potent intervention in HIV prevention that has been described".
According to Marie-Louise Newell of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and Till Barnighausen of the Harvard School of Public Health "if all of the 2.5 million men in KwaZulu-Natal province had been circumcised, 37,000 new infections could have been prevented in 2007".
But none of these strategies can be effective without education, particularly about safe sex. One in ten girls aged 16-19 in the UK is infected with chlamydia, which can only have been acquired through unsafe sex. This is clear evidence that large numbers of young people are placing themselves at direct risk of HIV, probably because they are from a generation who never saw the "grim reaper" television adverts of the 1980s when AIDS first hit the headlines. HIV is a very real threat and still very much a life sentence.
Unless people can be made aware of this then the problem will only continue to get worse...
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I read, and this is a direct
Permalink Submitted by Zarayah Israel (not verified) on Sun, 25/06/2017 - 21:32
I read, and this is a direct quote: " "Without getting into the emotional side of this issue, and sticking strictly to a scientific understanding of the human body, we have to become aware of a simple fact. Tissues of the vagina and the anus and rectum are designed for different purposes. It is true both have similar sensory systems attached to a single central mechanism for the registration of pain and pleasure, but structurally they are not the same. The vagina has a thick, multi-layered cell lining that, while not easily absorbing from inside, is designed to withstand friction and shearing force. Even here, there is a mechanism for secretion of lubricating mucus to withstand these forces. Furthermore, semen has chemical properties that will increase the thickness and resistance in the vagina and the skin of the penis that becomes smeared by it. The seminal fluid secreted with the sperm is a very complex composition. It contains a chemical substance called trans-glu-tamin-ase [TGE]. In certain circumstances, TGE binds some proteins to other proteins. It also causes some cells to die in a special way-- to shrivel and not discintegrate thus its power to produce a thickening of the vaginal wall to cope with normal male-female sex relationships. This property of semen, when introduced into the intestine, will alter the water-absorbing of its lining, thus the associate diarrhea in AIDS. The semen also contains proteins with extremely strong IMMUNE SUPPRESSIVE properties. It is the immune suppressive property of semen that will facilitate the passage of sperm all the way to the uterus and its tubes to fertilize the female egg. To the body, the millions of sperm that enter the uterus are invading foreign "objects" and would be highly reactionary for the unterine wall and its tubes had they not been protected by the immune repressive properties of proteins from the semen that bathe the sperm. In order for the sperm and eventually the fetus (that has different antigenic properties to the mother's tissue) to survive during the nine months of pregnancy, the mother's immune system has to be suppressed for the duration of pregnancy. It seems that something in the semen (possibly a uteroglobin-like protein that is called SV-IV) codes for the mother's immune suppression. It is this immune-supressive property of semen that ensures the survival of initially the sperm, and ultimately the fetus during full-term pregnancy until the birth of a living off-spring. It is interesting to know that in the third trimester of pregnancy there is often a reversal of the T4-T8 ratio. Semen in the female vagina is not absorbed. Because of the anatomical design and position of the vagina, the semen is drained. On the other hand, the rectum is lined with very thin and delicate cells. In the rectum, semen is retained and its extremely potent physiological properties are allowed freedom and action. Within the constituents of semen, there are substances that are designed to take over the host's immune system and force them to shut down the same way that a radar jamming device is used on board warplanes to enter enemy airspace and deliver their bombs. Thus, semen has an independent ability to shut down the immune system of its host tissue it its agents are allowed entry into the receipient's system. Because of this ability, the marker of T4-T8 ratio reversal is seen in homosexuals with AIDS. With repeated secretion of semen into a male or female rectum, the immune system is unavoidable -- not because of a "virus," but because of the chemical properties of the semen itself. Women who participate in anal sex to avoid becoming pregnant should be aware of this immune suppressive property of semen.
In addition to all of the above, the intestinal wall is not capable of withstanding the forces involved in rectal manipulation for sexual purposes. The reason such sexual manipulations become possible is because of one single fact: The intestinal tract does not have an acute pain sensory system if damaged from inside unless the damage affects the peritoneum, which is the thin outside cover of the gastrointestinal tract. It is amply supplied with nerves that will register pain. It is a type of "non-adhesive" that permits various segments of the intestinal tract to glide over one another in their movements and during adaptation to the passage of foods. This rectum is not completely covered by peritoneum in the same way as the rest of the intestinal tract. Thus, the inside lining of the rectum can become damaged from being pumped against or otherwise abusively dilated and fist-and-forearm manipulated without registering the damage in the same way the skin would sound the alarm when its resistance is broken. The rectum is the end part of the anatomical structure whose activity has to be performed silently. However, this does not mean the damage is not recognized physiologically, and it does not mean the physiological steps for repair of the local damage will be less vigorous.
As part and parcel of the repair mechanisms, the chemical agents TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and others in their pack will be secreted to commence the process of crisis management. If the damage is such that resident bacteria could also break barriers and begin increased local activity, production of these agents for crisis management will increase. (It has been shown experimentally that AIDS patients have markedly increased levels of IL-6 and TNF in their blood.) This raised IL-6, as it was explained in the section on diabetes, will also destroy the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Hence, a simple explanation for diabetes seen in the advanced stages of full-blown AIDS.
These agents function very much like a team of specialist salvage workers that go to a site after an earthquake. One group would clear the debris; others would bring survival supplies for those caught in the area who cannot be relocated; another would begin to restore power, water, and telephone services, and so on. In the everyday life of a city, all these processes take place, and they are carried out by people and machines. In the human body, the same processes take place. The agents that perform these necessary functions are hormones and their subordinate enzyme systems. The principle is the same. Each cell has a personality and needs to survive on the spot if it can be repaired. Only the dead or irreparably damaged cells will have to be dismembered and cleaned away.
In rectal manipulation, there should be more than routine wear and tear, these same agents become operatives for its repair. It will take time to reproduce the original "blueprint" and fully restore local tissues. Should there be a recurrence on the injury, on top of a tissue that is already weak, more forceful presence of these local repair agents will be called for. There may come a time that these hormones and subordinate operators will be permanently commissioned and their presence in the blood circulation will become measureable. Since the relationship and significance of their increased presence for the repair of the "unsensed" local damage to the rectum is not appreciated--and furthermore, the rationale of their activity not recognized--part of their mechanism of function is highlighted and labeled as the causative factor for the physiological upheaval that is conveniently labeled as "AIDS" for public consumption. .....Sir Peter Medawar, FRS, a Nobel laureate and President of the Royal Society in England has expressed the opinion that there are certain genes in the body that, once triggered into action, will program the death of the individual. In other words, even death is an orderly and controlled phenomenon." Please comment.
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Happy Thanksgiving to everyone, no matter if you are spending it with your birth family, chosen family, friends, or alone. I hope you have a good thanksgiving! If anyone needs to talk there should be people on the site all day!
Happy Thanksgiving to you too, doll!
Thank you for your Thanksgiving well-wishes.... I trust that you also will have a wonderful Thanksgiving Day.
Yes indeed, no matter when, day or night, holiday or not, there is always someone here to talk to, to lend an ear to listen and a shoulder to lean on.
Have a happy Thanksgiving too Susan.
I hope that your Thanksgiving has been wonderful.
And every day ahead will be also!
But at least there's still pie! Delicious, nutritious, pie!


text:
UEFA Women's Champions League - Budapest to host 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final - News
Budapest to host 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final
Budapest's Ferencváros Stadium has been selected to host the 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final, the first major international women's final in Hungary.
Ferencváros Stadium ©Getty Images
Budapest's Ferencváros Stadium has been selected to host the 2019 UEFA Women's Champions League final.
After nine years of being held in the same city as the men's UEFA Champions League final, usually two nights before, the women's decider now has its own separate venue. Ferencváros Staidum, opened on the site of the former Albert Flórián Stadium in 2014, will be the first venue to stage a major international women's final in Hungary.
Ferencváros Stadium is the regular setting for the men's Hungarian Cup final and national-team home matches. Hungary has previously hosted the 2005 UEFA European Women's Under-19 Championship and for men – with games in Budapest – UEFA Futsal EURO 2010, the 1985 UEFA European U16 Championship as well as the 1990 U18 EURO.
The decision was made during Wednesday's UEFA Executive Committee meeting in Nyon.
The 2018 final will take place on 24 May at Kyiv's Valeriy Lobanovskiy Dynamo Stadium
Two entries in 2018/19: Germany, France, Sweden, England, Spain, Denmark, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Austria, Norway
Match and draw calendar
22 June: Qualifying round draw
7, 10 & 13 August: Qualifying round
17 August: Round of 32 draw
12/13 September: Round of 32, first leg
26/27 September: Round of 32, second leg
1 October: Round of 16 draw
17/18 October: Round of 16, first leg
31 October/1 November: Round of 16, second leg
9 November: Quarter-final & semi-final draw
20/21 March: Quarter-finals, first leg
27/28 March: Quarter-finals, second leg
20/21 April: Semi-finals, first leg
27/28 April: Semi-finals, second leg
18 May: Final – Ferencváros Stadium, Budapest
All dates are provisional and subject to change by UEFA
© 1998-2019 UEFA. All rights reserved. Last updated: Wednesday 10 January 2018
Live2018 Women's Champions League final: Kyiv
The 2017/18 UEFA Women's Champions League final will be played in Ukraine for the first time, at Valeriy Lobanovskiy Dynamo Stadium on 24 May at 18:00CET (19:00 local time).


The antiquarian John Britton (1771-1857) and the neo-classical architect Sir John Soane (1753-1837) shared a strong belief that objects in all its kinds and forms were an essential part of one's education. Their fascination with objects is manifested in Britton's book The Union of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting of 1827, which was the first guidebook to Soane's house-museum at Lincoln's Inn Fields in London, today known as Sir John Soane's Museum. The book is divided into two different sections: a written introduction by John Britton and a collection of architectural drawings and engravings of Lincoln's Inn Fields. With the book, Britton aims to comprehensively articulate and re-create Soane's architectural concepts and vision, as exemplified in Lincoln's Inn Fields, in order to demonstrate his wisdom and genius as an architect and collector.
In the Gallery Offices in Lincoln's Fields, Britton employs realistic eye-level and diagrammatic aerial views as two main methods of representing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. The architectural drawing on the top of the page is an eye-level section drawing, which depicts both the exterior frame and the interior of the building, including realistic frontal representations of the key artefacts. This cross-section helps emphasise the way in which Soane has connected the three townhouses by defining the walls and levels of the external structure. The "realistic" representation is characterised by its depiction of accurate proportions and an awareness of three-dimensional volume through light and shade. This stands in contrast with the floor plan just below, which employs a different representational technique and viewpoint. The aerial depiction of the structure relies on a more diagrammatic method of representing three-dimensional space, which is reinforced by the legend, reflecting the actual measurements of the house. However, this diagrammatic method differs from that of the cross-section insofar as it requires a learned understanding of architectural representational conventions. Working in tandem, both the section drawing and the bird's eye ground plan contribute to the viewer's understanding of the spatial relations between the whole external structure with individual internal spaces.
The importance of understanding the wider spatial arrangement resurfaces in the floor plan of the Sarcophagus Room with laid-out wall elevations. This illustration combines the diagrammatic, aerial method of the floorplan with laid-out elevated drawings of the interior wall decorations to achieve a clearer expression of the sarcophagus' relation to its surroundings while also making the artefacts visible. As such, the priority of this method of representation is not for an understanding of the three-dimensional depth but rather, for a clearer concept of Soane's spatial and thematic organisation.
Having established the position of the sarcophagus in relation to the other rooms of the house, the engraving View in the Museum, the Sarcophagus Room presents a specific and controlled east-side view of the Sepulchral Chamber. From this position, the alabaster sarcophagus of the Egyptian King Seti I of the XIX Dynasty is presented frontally and foreshortened. The engraver articulates the sense of distance between the objects by using shallower incisions to create fainter lines. As suggested, the fainter the line, the further away the objects are located from our position. As we are only presented with a limited view of the sarcophagus, its surrounding environment is suggested to be equally as important. This is reinforced by the position of the Romanesque arches whose forms are echoed, in particular, in the bottom and top arches. This leads our attention up towards the dome area, where Soane's rich collection of casts, vases, cinerary urns, paintings and sculptures dominate the interior space.
Perspective View of the Museum re-depicts the dome area introduced in the previous illustration, but from a different perspective that arguably offers a clearer view of the objects on display. The illustration employs the same techniques of representing three-dimensional space, as in the above-mentioned engraving, through the proportionally receding lines of the flooring that both emphasize the sense of spatial depth and direct the reader off towards the fictional space of the adjoining rooms. This technique helps us establish an awareness of each illustration's spatial relations to the whole of the building through the way some indicate to rooms and spaces beyond the boundaries of its composition.
The illustration Antique Marble Urns presents a detailed representation of the individual marble urns. In contrast to the previously discussed illustrations, this engraving displaces the objects of focus from their contextual environment to encourage a more concentrated engagement with details of the carvings themselves. Despite being presented floating in a grid-like arrangement that flouts understandings of realistic space, the urns themselves are depicted realistically, with shadows indicating both their volume and the physicality of their carvings. However, below the urns, two bands of carvings have been isolated from their context and further magnified and flattened on the page. By presenting the carvings in two different sizes, one on the urn, and the other magnified and isolated from the urn, the legend then serves to remedy this disparity by clarifying its actual three-dimensional size of the page. As previously discussed, the legend plays a key role in reminding us of another form of representation, which communicates three-dimensional space through a system that assumes the viewer's understanding of such diagrammatic visual conventions.
The various illustrations discussed reflect the wide range of representative and illustrative conventions that have enabled each to effectively communicate three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. As our discussion suggests, each representational technique serves to communicate a different type of information, and only through an amalgamation of these multiple types of information can we arrive at a comprehensive and cohesive understanding of the three-dimensional space of Soane's house-museum. The effectiveness of these illustrations can ultimately be seen as contributing to Britton's wider aim of establishing and glorifying Soane's originality as an architect and collector as well as illustrating Lincoln's Inn Field's success as a unity of architecture, sculpture and painting.
Dean, Ptolemy. Sir John Soane and London. Aldershot: Lund Humphries, 2006.
Feinberg, Susan G. 'The Genesis of Sir John Soane's Museum Idea: 1801-1810'. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 43, no. 3 (October 1984): 225-37.
Jackson, Anthony. 'The Façade of Sir John Soane's Museum: A Study in Contextualism'. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 51, no. 4 (December 1992): 417-29.
Richardson, Margaret and Mary Anne Stevens. John Soane: Architect: Master of Space and Light, Royal Academy Publications, 2015.
Watson, David (ed.). Sir John Soane: The Royal Academy Lectures. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Fully digitized copy of Britton's The Union of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting (1827) is available here.


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