Could modular housing solve London's housing crisis?
Artist's impression of Pocket's block at Juxon Street, London SE11. Image: Pocket Living.
The phrase "modular housing" has recently been cropping up more frequently among those of us who hang out in housing circles. (You should come to our parties, they're wild.) Two London developments – one private, one public – opened up to prying eyes recently, so it's an opportune moment to take a closer look.
But first of all: what is modular housing?
Briefly, it's housing that's mainly constructed off-site, on a factory production line. Private developer Pocket Living makes its one- and two-bedroom flats – including fittings – in two weeks. The modules are then lowered into place to form buildings over around 30 days; then finishing work takes place, to make the resulting block look like a traditional apartment block.
Modular housing is quicker and cheaper to put together than standard construction methods. Pocket Living estimates its developments take about six months less to complete than old fashioned building methods. And doing so much work off-site significantly reduces dust levels and disruption for neighbours caused by noise and lorries. It's also one way around the construction industry's current skills shortage.
Pocket Living recently let press and representatives from local councils into a new development near the Imperial War Museum in Lambeth. The quality is pretty impressive: it definitely doesn't feel like stepping into a prefab.
The one bedroom flat on show was, shall we say, snug – but 38m2 is in line with space standards for single occupancy dwellings set out in the London Plan. (This is just as well; this may say more about me than the property, but I can't imagine a relationship holding up without more space.) Prices for these flats start at £267,000; for this development, that's 30-35 per cent below market value.
A plan of a Pocket flat. Image: Pocket Living.
This prompts a number of thoughts. You don't get much for your money these days; but it is at least near a zone 1 tube station (to be specific, Lambeth North); and modular housing must be a damn sight cheaper to build if it can be sold at these prices.
On the latter point, Pocket doesn't have figures on costs compared to a traditional build, but says all its homes go on sale at least 20 per cent below the market rate. Speed undoubtedly helps to keep costs down, too. The development in Lambeth will take 12 months from land completion date to allocating homes to new residents.
A little further south, Lewisham Council is finishing off PLACE/Ladywell, a Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners-designed modular block of 24 homes, providing temporary accommodation for families on the council's waiting list. The homes are situated on the grounds of a former leisure centre; the land would otherwise be in limbo, waiting for planning permission for a larger, permanent development.
The council says it will save £140,000 a year simply through not paying to house these families in low quality B&B accommodation. With income from rent and commercial units, it believes the project will pay for itself in ten years. The modules have a lifespan of 60 years and can be moved five times to other sites in that time period.
The space in these flats is actually 10 per cent larger than London Plan mandated standards and all have balconies. PLACE/Ladywell won two prizes at the recent New London Awards, including the prestigious Mayor's Prize. It was also constructed even faster than Pocket Living's Lambeth development: work began off-site in November 2015, and residents are on the verge of moving in.
Is modular housing the solution to the housing crisis? No, and nobody involved pretends that it is. But this lower cost, simple and fast construction model has great potential for adding to the mix when it comes to providing more affordable homes.
Even Pocket, a private company, has a model that's committed to affordable housing. Costs are kept down by using the same modular home design, offering no car parking space and buying land using a GLA-supported loan.
To buy a Pocket home you must be a first time buyer living or working in the relevant borough, earning under £90,000 (the average Pocket buyer earns closer to £40,000) and not buying with cash. Pocket commits to selling its homes for at least 20 per cent below the open market rate.
Crucially, there are covenants on Pocket homes which control future affordability. Owners aren't allowed to rent them out and, when they come to sell on, new buyers are also subject to income and residence eligibility criteria. Pocket says this acts as a brake on the value of the homes, keeping them at around 20 per cent under the general market price. In other words, they're discounted (we can all argue about the definition of "affordable") forever.
"Modular housing has huge potential to speed up the delivery of new homes in London," says Tom Copley, a Labour member of the London Assembly. "If we are going to reach 50,000 new homes a year, developers, Housing Associations and local authorities should all be looking to deliver housing in this way."
Copley's Assembly colleague, the Green party's Sian Berry, has an idea about how councils could use the concept to minimise disruption when redeveloping estates. "As part of an alternative to demolition, modular homes should be of great interest to residents and councils alike when looking at ways to plan for more homes on existing council estates, without displacement and years of building works."
Modular housing certainly has potential to keep residents in their communities while blocks are being improved or rebuilt; it should certainly be looked at as a way to quickly infill unused space with permanent homes. Lewisham's creative idea to unlock land for housing while it's stuck in planning hell is also something that can be implemented elsewhere.
It's not, in itself, a solution to the housing crisis. But it could be a solution.


The applications are now extended into the rail/shape mills and seamless tube mills. Successful tests and verifications have been documented in detecting both transverse and longitudinal defects, such as seams, checking marks, tears, slivers, overfills, and so forth.
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Lumber mills are industrial buildings in Tropico 5. Workers here take freshly cut logs and run them through saws to form flat, uniform, and much more usable planks of lumber. Workers here take freshly cut logs and run them through saws to form flat, uniform, and much more usable planks of lumber.
Tube Mill Ceramic Components Accuratus supplies critically toleranced new and remanufactured ceramic rolls to a variety of mills. Tube mills forming carbon and stainless tubing are using ceramics to advantage in their weld boxes.
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As librarian, I want to welcome each one of you to the NWHS Library! This is YOUR library, and I want you to feel at home in it and use it as often as possible. We have a wide range of materials, including books, books on tape, playaways, reference materials, magazines, newspapers, Accelerated Reader tests, and Internet access.
If you think you don't like to read, you probably just haven't connected with the right books or the right authors. That's where I come in! I read many of the fiction books in our library, and I would really like to help you locate titles that you will enjoy. Just give me an idea of something that interests you--sports, mystery, fantasy, science fiction, romance, etc.---and I can find you a good book! Don't be afraid or embarrassed to ask for help. That's what I'm here for. I want to work with each one of you and help you develop a love of reading. Please let me know how I can help you!
I have been librarian at Springhill High School/North Webster High School for many years. I look forward to working with each of you and helping you to locate good books and information.
I am a graduate of Choudrant High School in Choudrant, LA and Louisiana Tech in Ruston. I have a Bachelor's degree in Library Science, a Master's + 30, and a Reading Specialist degree. I enjoy reading (no surprise there!), playing the piano, going to the beach, and shopping for antiques. I especially love playing with my grandson, Jake!
My email is nhataway@websterpsb.org .


In the 1840s, express passenger locomotive design was focussed on the need for single large-diameter driving wheels of around 8 foot. Large driving wheels deliver the high linear tyre speed needed for fast locomotives, whilst keeping the axle bearing and piston speeds low enough to remain within the technology limits of the day.
Later on, increasing engine power would require better adhesion than could be achieved with single driving wheels, but that was not yet a problem at this time.
Along with needing large wheels for speed, stability required a low centre of gravity, and thus a low-slung boiler. The difficulty is that both of these needs are in conflict, requiring the driving axle position to overlap the boiler position.
One solution to this was the Crampton design, where the driving axle was moved behind the boiler's firebox. These engines were relatively long in comparison to their contemporaries and had long rigid frames, sometimes with as many as three carrying axles ahead of the driving axle, for a 6-2-0 wheel arrangement. Cramptons were most popular in France and Germany, but some were also used in England, by companies including the London & North Western Railway (LNWR).
One of these LNWR Cramptons, Liverpool was notably long, with an eight-wheeler (6-2-0) layout and rigid wheelbase of 18′ 6″. Although fast and capable of working heavy trains for long distances, it damaged the roadbed owing to the long rigid frame.
Cornwall was built by Francis Trevithick (son of Richard Trevithick) at Crewe in 1847 with the boiler beneath the driving axle to obtain a low centre of gravity. This was only possible because of the very large diameter of the driving wheels.
Originally it was constructed as a 2-2-2 but it was very soon altered to 4-2-2. It was completely rebuilt by John Ramsbottom in 1858 as a 2-2-2 engine with the boiler in the orthodox position.
Another minor rebuild in the 1870s provided a typically LNWR style of cab, with a short roof and semi-open sides.
Cornwall was a famously successful high-speed passenger express engine of its period. Charles Rous-Marten (reported an 1884 run from Crewe to Chester behind Cornwall at an average speed of 50.7 mph, reaching 70 mph down Whitmore bank. It remained in express service on the Liverpool-Manchester route until withdrawn in 1905 by which time it had completed 928,838 miles.
Originally Cornwall was numbered 173 but in 1886 it became 3020 and ran in ordinary service with this number until 1902.
In1911 it was put to work again, attached to a special saloon for the use of the Company's directors. This was a six-wheel vehicle with a small coal bunker next to the engine, later replaced by an ordinary tender, and used with a modern separate bogie saloon. The engines normal black dome casing was reduced to polished brass, which was almost certainly unique on an LNWR engine, which it reputedly retained until 1927.
In 1913 it was transferred to service stock but in 1913 it was restored to working passenger trains.
It is last known to have operated in mid-1920, working the CME's saloon down to Euston, and returning north to Crewe piloting the Claughton 4-6-0 1914 Patriot on 20July.
The engine took part in steam in the Stockton & Darlington and Liverpool & Manchester Centenary celebrations in 1925 and 1930 respectively. Cornwall retained its authentic LNWR livery until early 1949, when it was repainted at Crewe. It was exhibited at the Museum of British Transport at Clapham, between 1963 and 1973. It then returned to Crewe Works in 1975 prior to going on display at York.
Cornwall was lent to the Severn Valley Railway (SVR) in August 1979 by the Department of Education and Science, with the intention of being restored to working order. The locomotive was scheduled to take part in the Rocket 150 celebrations at Rainhill, but was forced to withdraw when the BR boiler inspector put his hammer right through the front ring of the boiler barrel.
After further consideration, the cost of repairs to the boiler were deemed too expensive by the SVR and the Department of Education and Science. In September 1982 3020 Cornwall returned to the National Railway Museum at York.
In the late 1980s it was repainted by the NRM prior to being air-freighted to Japan for an exhibition after which it returned to Crewe.
Cornwall is part of the National Collection and was on static display at Locomotion, The National Railway Museum at Shildon for a long time. In early 2017 it was loaned to the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre for static display at Quainton. The loan is expected to be for a two year period.


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Before recommending a fitness program, we carry out extensive and thorough analysis of your fitness level and health condition before making any recommendations. We will consider your medical records, lifestyle, exercise history, fitness level as well as past training history and use the information to come up with a program that best suits you.
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The Stelvio captured in a video at an FCA plant in Italy.
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles might have prematurely let the cat out of the bag on the Alfa Romeo Stelvio.
In a video posted on FCA's YouTube channel, which has since been taken down, a Stelvio makes an appearance at the company's Cassino plant in Italy, where it is being built.
The Stelvio captured in the video is partially covered. It is expected to be officially revealed at the Los Angeles Auto Show in November and go on sale in early 2017.
In April, spy photographers caught a Stelvio in testing, though it was heavily camouflaged.
The midsize, all-wheel-drive crossover shares its platform and engine lineup with Alfa's Giulia sport sedan.
The Stelvio is the second new Alfa Romeo vehicle to result from FCA's 5 billion euro investment to resurrect the Italian performance brand.
It also will give Alfa a foothold in the hot-selling crossover market. The Stelvio is expected to compete with the Audi Q5 and BMW X3.


We use Internet every day and we like using it because it leads us to a wonderful vitual world. However, not everyone knows well about his/her user routine and the subtle impact of Internet on our life. To get a better understanding of the realtionship between Internet and the local citizens, the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong Government conducted a thematic household survey in 2011, and here are some findings. If you are interested in it, you can find more here.


Sometimes it's difficult to pinpoint exactly why a gig you've been looking forward to for quite so long is just so disappointing.
We saw Erasure at the now-no-more London Arena in the 90s and then probably not until a decade or so ago at Southampton Guildhall and our memory of our fondness for their back catalogue has clearly faded in that time.
For it's a setlist that's peppered with 10 or so electropop belters (appropriately, none of which was written after 90s behemoth Stop!) and filled out with far too much that was penned in the last two decades but is nowhere near as catchy or memorable as early hits like Dollar's Oh L'Amour, the one that kickstarted it all (Sometimes, see below) or best song and set closer A Little Respect.
What's worse is we're not drinking and it's immediately obvious how drunk everyone else is. We've not known an audience less well behaved since a recent pre-Christmas jaunt to see Madness at The 02.
We're three-quarters of the way back in the standing section and this 5,000-capacity venue is rammed to its rafters and there's another sell-out show tonight.
Fellow members of the audience are complaining about various things including the plastic bottles being thrown around and the very slow bar service, which we assume is a venue ploy to defuse the tension but as we're only on Diet Coke it seems a little harsh to us.
At one point a guest in the disabled section rises to her feet to dance to be met with a volley of abuse which she responds to by spinning around, spitting back swear words and flipping a finger on each hand.
In fact it's so noisy we can't hear any of lead singer Andy Bell's between-song banter.
Was our mistake to go to a gig sober, not buy a seat in the Circle (where our friends had a much better time) or to give Erasure a go when their back catalogue of at least the last 20 years or so is not worth remembering?


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Leona Valley Community Standards District
Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning
NOE - Notice of Exemption
The Los Angeles County ("County") Department of Regional Planning is undertaking the process of updating the Leona Valley Community Standards District (Chapter 22.330 of the Los Angeles County Code) and associated amendment to the County General Plan Chapter 9 (Conservation and Natural Resources Element) Figure 9.8 "Hillside Management Areas and Ridgeline Map" to document significant ridgelines within the community. The proposed update to the Leona Valley Community Standards District ("CSD") will standardize new subdivisions in rural areas; preserve the existing narrow road design without curbs, gutters, or sidewalks; create additional development standards for commercial businesses and signage; and encourage vegetation protections and trails as part of discretionary development projects, where appropriate. These policies are more environmentally protective and restrictive than what is currently allowed within the Zoning Code (Title 22). No construction activities or specific developments are proposed as part of this project.
Kristina Kulczycki
320 W. Temple Street
kkulczycki@planning.lacounty.gov
Other Location Info
This is not a parcel-specific project; it is for the entire unincorporated community of Leona Valley which is southwest of the incorporated City of Lancaster, within the Antelope Valley, and northeast of the Angeles National Forest.
Exempt Status
Categorical Exemption
Type, Section or Code
Class 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 20, and 21
Reasons for Exemption
This project is exempt pursuant to CEQA statute 21065 and guideline 15378, and is otherwise exempt pursuant to 15061(b)(3), and qualifies for a categorical exemption from the California Environmental Quality Act (Public Resources Code Section 21000 et. seq.) because all regulations added to this overlay district will be more environmentally protective and none of the exceptions to the categorical exemption are applicable. See attachment for a more detailed explanantion.
Leona Valley CSD NOE PDF 987 K
Disclaimer: The Governor's Office of Planning and Research (OPR) accepts no responsibility for the content or accessibility of these documents. To obtain an attachment in a different format, please contact the lead agency at the contact information listed above. You may also contact the OPR via email at state.clearinghouse@opr.ca.gov or via phone at (916) 445-0613. For more information, please visit OPR's Accessibility Site.


Discussion: Venting is having a renaissance, perhaps as a result of technology, art & culture, tides of geopolitical change and removal of barriers to free expression. Venting takes on a wide range of forms, from consumer feedback, product reviews and employee performance ratings to freedom of political expression, online date-rating, copy-cat publishing and combat simulation. We will explore the creation of new businesses spurred by venting, new reputation management challenges and proactive strategies to leverage professional and personal expression.
Discussion: Pricing, as an institution, is being overthrown! Instead, auction-based websites, stopwatch buying, "street bazaar" negotiations, mobile bank app discounts and coupons/alternate currencies are creating business-model revolutions. As a result, the Auction Economy is having enormous implications on producers, marketers and sellers. We will examine the overall impact: from companies that are shifting business models like IBM, to those moving profitability away from core businesses, to countries like China that are undervaluing currencies, and to those like eBay that have reversed decade-old trends.
Discussion: "Here one day and gone tomorrow" pop-up stores, ads, office space, food trucks and social destinations are creating a cultural shift. Life span for many corporations has been truncated (witness Blockbuster, Borders and Kodak) and corporate leadership roles often hold less allure than that of "Entrepreneur." Mobility and flexibility are all the rage. There is an unexpected, transient quality to the marketplace.
We will discuss how the "pop-up" effect is reshaping the traditional labor market, how companies are creating intra-entrepreneurship opportunities, what the DNA of pop-up talent is all about, and how tricky investments (like crowd-funding) change business consequences.
A "town-hall" discussion about the future of business, entrepreneurship, Canada/Asia, Canada and innovation, and more.


If websites have one overarching goal it is to create confidence in whatever the website is promoting and who's promoting it. It does not matter if it's a product, a service, a gross sales marketing campaign, or an concept, if the presentation is not minimally credible or optimally motivational, then it fails as a means of promoting communication. Content advertising continues to be the number one activity for almost all of businesses attempting to generate more customers and sales. Internet marketing is just not a one-man (or one-lady) job. On-line marketing is no totally different.
There are many causes that attorneys resolve not to promote on the Web. They understand the method of conducting market research inside a sure niche, and so they might help businesses develop merchandise based mostly on the research. Content Marketing: Writing articles or weblog posts related to your online business and submitting them to be published on different web sites is one other great solution to reach your target market at no cost.
Because the identify suggest, web advertising advertising, is an all encompassing term that relates to the advertising and promotion of assorted services on the net. Web changes quickly, any company want to optimize their on-line advertising presence must adapt and modify to the most recent technology. Web advertising is an especially useful gizmo in online marketing, which can help convey your web site to limelight and get you the exposure you might have at all times been craving.


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« Interview with Kyle Martino, Host of Soccer Talk Live
Greg Giraldo – Celebrity Roast Highlights »
Comedian Greg Giraldo Dead After Drug Overdose
Comedian Greg Giraldo was hospitalized in New Jersey after an accidental overdose on prescription pills this weekend. Today, he passed away. Sources have said that the accidental overdose wasn't a suicide attempt. Giraldo has had a history of substance abuse problems, but his death still comes as a total shock.
This is just really sad. Giraldo was a really funny dude. He graduated Harvard Law and worked as a lawyer before turning to comedy. Giraldo was a successful comic who starred in plenty of pilots, but he never really hit that next level of comic success.
He's probably best known for his appearances on Comedy Central's Celebrity Roasts, where he always knocked it out of the park. He recently served as a co-host for NBC's Last Comic Standing.
Giraldo was 44 years old. He leaves behind four kids and a lot of sad fans.
Rest in peace, Greg.
Print article This entry was posted by Chris Stout on September 29, 2010 at 3:00 pm, and is filed under News. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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interview with a CFN staff member
Materials scientist Sooyeon Hwang in the Electron Microscopy Facility at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials. On her computer screens are elemental maps she acquired using the characterization techniques of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. These maps show the distribution of chemical elements in qubit samples. Qubits are made of "objects" such as atoms, ions, photons of light, or electrons whose quantum states can be accessed and controlled optically, magnetically, or by other means.
Sooyeon Hwang is a staff scientist in the Electron Microscopy Group at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)—a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Here, she uses state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) to characterize the structural and chemical dynamics of electrode (cathode and anode) materials during battery operation. Through her research, she aims to improve the performance of batteries by acquiring fundamental knowledge about how these energy-storage materials react and degrade at the nanoscale. Hwang holds three degrees in materials science and engineering: a BS from Ajou University, and an MS and a PhD from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), both institutions in her native South Korea.
You grew up and completed your education in South Korea. When did you first come to the United States, and what led you to the CFN?
During undergrad, I spent one semester at the University of Florida. I've had somewhat of a long connection with the CFN. During my PhD, I conducted research at the CFN through the Global Research Laboratory program, which promotes collaborative research between Korean and foreign institutions. At the time, there was a collaboration between senior members of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and Brookhaven Lab staff, including Eric Stach—then-leader of the CFN Electron Microscopy Group.
A series of (a) transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, (b) TEM diffraction patterns, and (c–e) electron energy-loss spectra demonstrating the thermal degradation of cathode materials made of lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), and oxygen (O) (LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, referred to as NCA) during heating at high temperatures. Published in ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 15140 (2014).
The microscopes I was using in South Korea were very old, with only imaging and diffraction capabilities. The CFN has much more advanced microscopes than the ones I had access to. For example, the CFN has TEMs with spherical aberration correctors, which enable ultrahigh image resolution, and in situ sample holders for dynamic experiments. I used these capabilities to study the thermal stability of cathode materials in lithium (Li)-ion batteries. After cycling small single-cell batteries called coin cells, I increased the temperature inside the TEM to see how the crystal structure and chemical properties of the cathode particles changed. I discovered that after cycling, the thermal stability degrades as more Li is extracted.
After spending one and a half years at the CFN, I went back to South Korea to finish my PhD. Then I did a one-year postdoc at the KIST Center for Energy Convergence. In 2016, I heard that the CFN Electron Microscopy Group was hiring a postdoc. I applied and was offered the position. For my postdoc at the CFN, I continued my research on electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, working with electron microscopist Dong Su, who ended up becoming the leader of the group. Three years later, I was promoted to CFN Staff Scientist.
Having access to the instruments you need for your research is one thing, but knowing how to operate those instruments is another. How did you get up to speed on the capabilities of the CFN TEMs while you were a PhD student?
I acquired fundamental knowledge about electron microscopes through my coursework, and Eric was a critical resource during my PhD studies. When I first arrived, Eric said to me, "What can I do for you?" His welcoming and willingness to help was a culture shock to me. In South Korea, the principal investigators generally tell you what to do. Eric not only helped me with my project but also guided me as a microscopist. From him, I learned how to perform various in situ techniques, correct the electron beam, and analyze TEM images and diffraction patterns.
Because I wasn't familiar with some of the science terminology and the fundamentals behind the techniques, I had to overcome a big learning curve. During this time, I studied a lot. I felt a little uncomfortable and nervous because I wasn't publishing at all, and PhD students are expected to author a lot of papers. But I think it ended up being a very productive period for me. I went back to South Korea able to write a number of papers based on experiments that I had conducted at the CFN.
Besides the culture shock and learning curve you experienced when you arrived at the CFN, what else marked your transition? Did you encounter other challenges, such as language barriers?
I had English classes starting in middle school. And, in undergrad, we actually learn science with textbooks written in English. But language is definitely a big barrier. Sometimes I forget the words I am looking for or am unsure if I have understood a particular expression correctly. Having leaders and colleagues whom I can turn toward to ask questions has made my transition much easier.
In a way, each scientist speaks his or her own language in terms of scientific expertise and specialty. By bringing this knowledge together, we can build a complete picture of a material. For example, for one of my research projects, I performed electron microscopy studies of single-atom nickel (Ni) catalysts while coworkers synthesized the materials, tested their catalytic properties, and analyzed them with different characterization tools, such as x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Because of these collaborations, I have been publishing a lot more. Since joining the CFN in 2016, I have published about 40 papers in peer-reviewed journals, including Nature and its sister journals. This aspect of working at the CFN is something that I often think about because my success as a scientist is partly determined by the number of publications I author and their scientific impact.
Since joining the CFN, you've focused your research on cathode and anode materials. What are some of the projects you're currently working on?
Sooyeon Hwang (sitting), Dong Su (left, standing), and Shuang Li used electron microscopes to see how the crystal structure and chemical nature of a battery electrode material made of an iron-oxide (magnetite) evolved as lithium was inserted and extracted over 100 charge and discharge cycles. CFN Research Highlight. Note: This photo was taken prior to current COVID-19 social distancing guidelines.
On the anode materials side, I'm studying conversion reactions with iron (Fe) or Ni oxide of different stoichiometries. After lithiation, when Li is extracted, the structure of the anode materials is completely different from that of the pristine (original) state. I'm trying to understand what the structural and chemical differences are after one cycle and how these differences affect the electrochemical properties of the material. Unlike the several stable oxidation states of Fe oxide—for example, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4—Ni oxide is only stable with a +2 oxidation state. Because of these different stoichiometries, comparing Ni and Fe oxides is very interesting. One of the key results from these studies so far is that the conversion reaction is not reversible in Fe oxide. Regardless of the stoichiometry, the original composition is not completely restored. This irreversibility could be a route for battery capacity fade.
For my second project, I'm studying the solid-solid interface between Li-rich cathode materials and a solid electrolyte called LiPON (lithium phosphorous oxynitride) during Li extraction and insertion. All-solid-state Li-ion batteries are a kind of next-generation Li-ion battery. Conventionally, Li-ion batteries use liquid electrolytes, which are flammable. Because of this safety issue, the battery community is looking to replace the liquid electrolytes with safer materials. Solid electrolytes are one of the alternative options.
The in situ lithiation of epitaxial iron oxide (Fe3O4) thin films on a niobium (Nb)-doped strontium titanate (SrTiO3) substrate revealed that compressive strain originating from lattice mismatch delays the lithiation reaction near the interface between the thin film and substrate. (a) An image showing the experimental setup. (b) A high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM image showing the atomic structure. (c) An atomic model at the interface. (d) A schematic of the experimental details. (e) A series of images showing Li diffusion. (f) Simulated Li diffusion over time. Published in Agnew. Chem. Int. Ed. 129, 7921–7924 (2017).
What TEMs are available at the CFN, and how are you applying them to study these battery materials?
The CFN has five TEMs: one manufactured by Hitachi, which I manage; two by JEOL; and two by FEI Company, which is part of Thermo Fisher Scientific. Each microscope has different capabilities and specialties, and each vendor has its own kind of sample holders. Luckily, the CFN has various in situ holders that can be adapted to fit different microscopes. I take advantage of electrical biasing holders for in situ lithiation experiments.
Generally, with TEM, I do imaging, diffraction, and chemical analysis. Imaging tells you the morphology and size of your samples. At high magnification, you can perform atomic-resolution imaging to see how the atoms are arranged. The diffraction patterns produced when the electron beam interacts with the sample are mostly for structural analysis. And for chemical analysis, I use two techniques: electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), which detects scattered electrons from a sample, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), which detects x-rays emitted from a sample. Together with a scanning electron beam, EELS and EDX provide localized chemical information, such as chemical bonds, chemical composition, and oxidation states.
The Hitachi microscope at the CFN is ideal for probing the structural and electronic properties of materials at the angstrom (one hundred-millionth of a centimeter) level.
You mentioned that you manage the Hitachi microscope. What does management of this instrument entail?
In addition to making sure that the microscope is functioning as it should be, I train users on how to use the microscope and help them operate it. If there is an issue with the microscope—for example, recently, one of the pumps wasn't working properly—I am responsible for addressing it. I also perform general upkeep on a monthly basis. This maintenance includes aligning the beam and "baking," or applying heat to remove gases and other contaminants from the column. Another one of my tasks is keeping the microscope state of the art. In the near future, the EELS system will be upgraded. I am excited about this upgrade because we will get sharper spectra over shorter timescales.
Interacting with users of the microscope, you must get exposed to different disciplines. How have these interactions impacted your own research?
Yes, that is one of the great points of interacting with the users of the microscope—I've gained lots of experience helping them research various materials. Since May 2019, I have worked with about 20 different groups of CFN users, who are studying batteries, catalysts, superconductors, qubits, and solar cells, to name a few. Even though I am usually not an expert in the field my users work in, I nonetheless learn new things. It's exciting to leverage my expertise to help them better understand their materials.
For example, I recently collaborated with a group led by the University of Maryland, College Park, to characterize nanoparticles synthesized from two different metallic components. These bimetallic systems are of interest for catalysis because they often have unique chemical properties relative to the single metals. However, in many bimetallic systems, the metals do not evenly mix because of thermodynamics. In this research, the team implemented a kinetics-based method to make homogenous bimetallic nanoparticles. Analysis via scanning TEM (STEM) and EDX were critical in visualizing the atomic arrangement of the bimetallics and the chemical distribution of each element in single nanoparticles. By overcoming thermodynamic rules, we have more opportunities to design and synthesize materials with optimal catalytic properties.
Via conventional bimetallic synthesis, metals such as nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), indium (In), and palladium (Pd) do not mix uniformly with copper (Cu). The new method overcomes this thermodynamic immiscibility, as seen in the electron microscope images and corresponding elemental maps above. Recently published in Science Advances, vol. 6, no. 17 (2020).
Another great aspect about working with users is that sometimes their expertise from a completely different discipline helps me with my own research. Even knowledge from within the same general field can be impactful. For example, I was helping a battery researcher studying different solid electrolytes, and because of our discussions on Li-rich cathode materials, I decided to try LiPON as a solid electrolyte in my own research.
Users are one source of fresh perspectives; staff—whether at the CFN or across Brookhaven Lab—are another. Are you collaborating with any staff?
At the CFN, I'm starting to collaborate with colleagues to realize systems inside the TEM to see atomic motion during the extraction of 2-D materials and to obtain electrochemical measurements. Outside of the CFN, I've been consulting with members of the Electrochemical Energy Storage Group in Brookhaven's Chemistry Division for battery testing. With the help of beamline scientists, I've been conducting complementary experiments at the Pair Distribution Function (PDF) beamline of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) [another DOE Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven]. TEM observations are very localized, whereas PDF provides averaged structural information, especially at short-range order from a large sample area. Thus, combining the two techniques can provide a more complete understanding of battery material structures.
How did you come to specialize in electron microscopy–based battery research? When did you start thinking about pursuing a science career?
High school in South Korea is typically for three years, and during the first year, you need to choose whether you're going to focus on science or liberal arts for the remaining two years. When I told my mom I'd be picking science, she was surprised. She expected me to be a reporter or do some other media-related profession. But at that time, I liked math and science more because it was less ambiguous than liberal arts. Writing and solving equations were much clearer to me.
Once I made the decision to do science, I read a lot about different fields of science to find out what each involved. When I came upon materials science and engineering, I thought it would be a good fit in terms of my interests in fundamental science and practical applications. Materials science and engineering is kind of a balance between general science and engineering.
Right after I entered grad school, I figured I should choose what to do for both my master's degree and PhD. I was interested in electron microscopy because I thought it was fascinating to see the atomic arrangements of materials. At the time, I didn't know I'd eventually be training and helping others extract scientific meaning from these images.
The research group I joined at grad school focused on electron microscopy, and most of the group members studied well-crystallized thin-film oxides for semiconductor display applications. I wanted to do something different, and my PhD advisor recommended that I explore battery materials with scientists at KIST. Back then, electron microscopy was being applied in the battery field on a very limited level. The possibility of discovering something new from electrode materials with electron microscopes was exciting to me.
What do you hope to achieve as a member of the battery science community?
In the long term, I want to be widely known as an electron microscopist specializing in battery research. One of my short-term goals is to be an invited speaker at a conference. In general, conferences are meetings for very specific research areas, and an invitation to speak would help increase my recognition as an independent scientist. Moreover, because my research leverages both battery science and electron microscopy, I would like to write review papers that can help electron microscopists find opportunities to apply their work to battery science and battery scientists to analyze their materials by electron microscopy. For example, last year, I co-authored a review about an in situ analysis technique for studying cathode materials.
I'm also very interested in engaging with industry researchers to answer more applied questions, such as the causes of device failure. When a device malfunctions, the structure and chemistry of the materials inside may be changed. I can investigate these changes with electron microscopy techniques. Partnering with industry would also be beneficial to my own research because industry has a deeper understanding of devices operating in the real world. For instance, my discussions with industry researchers at a meeting of the Korean Electrochemical Society in 2014 provided new perspectives on the materials that I work on. At this meeting, I had the chance to chat with a researcher from LG Chem about my research on cathode materials. He was interested in my electron microscopy studies of charge-induced (lithium extraction) structural evolutions and suggested that I explore the effect of discharge (lithium insertion) on microstructures, as charge and discharge are both important in battery operation.
I was thrilled to participate as a reviewer for the 2020 DOE Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program, which helps small businesses conduct research and development (R&D) projects with the potential for commercialization. I evaluated and provided feedback to businesses that submitted proposals to meet DOE mission-specific R&D needs. My experience as a reviewer was a good opportunity to learn how science activities can be expanded into a business. It also got me to start brainstorming business ideas regarding electron microscope advances that can enable scientists to perform in situ experiments more easily or realize completely new kinds of experiments. Having this kind of impact would be a significant achievement in my scientific career.
Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy. The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit https://www.energy.gov/science.
Tags: batteriesCFN


Piikkio Works Oy offers complete accommodation solutions for Marine, Offshore and Construction.
Piikkio Works Oy offers complete accommodation solutions for Marine, Offshore and Construction Industries. The first cabin factory was established in Piikkiö, near the city of Turku in Southwest Finland, back in 1982. During the 30 plus years of history the company has delivered more than 130 000 cabin and bathroom units.
Piikkio Works Oy specializes in manufacture of tailor-made modular cabins, as well as turnkey deliveries of entire cabin areas for all kinds of cruise and passenger ships, offshore and construction industries.
Production is based on industrial serial production, own panel production facilities and assembly factory in Piikkiö. The annual production capacity is more than 6.000 cabin and bathroom units.
Piikkio Works has also created many products to extend the life-cycle of the cabins. For example, the turnkey wet cell refurbishment (Wetref) provides comprehensive solutions for high-quality upgrading of the ship's wet cells and units.
Piikkio Works is a subsidiary of MEYER TURKU OY.


I've lost all of the motivation recently. And I know for a fact that it's because I have one week left of the semester. Thanksgiving break wasn't very helpful either because all I did was lounge around. What made it worse was that I signed up for the 1 week trial of Hulu. So I just watched Glee, The Office, New Girl, and The Only Way is Essex (British reality show that's a cross between Jersey Shore and The Hills, except not as trashy as Jersey Shore) pretty much the whole week on my iPad (decided not to bring it back to CoMo because I knew it was going to be a distraction especially at the end of the semester). Oh and I ate lots of yummy food, and went shopping on Black Friday at a normal hour. I probably spent a little bit more than I needed to.
Anyway, since I only have one final to take (if I decide to take it at all) during finals week, I will be starting my break about a week early! Next Thursday is the last day of classes and I will probably be going home then! If I decided to take the final I'll road trip back that next Thursday. I got super lucky for that to happen. But now I just have to get through the next week which contains many assignments and tests. Lovely.
After Thanksgiving break, the townhouse got festive! Kendyl put up her tree, and I put up Christmas lights in my room. And I've pretty much been listening to only Christmas music since Thanksgiving. I highly recommend A Very She & Him Christmas. It is fantastic. Now all I am waiting for is for it to snow a lot. I love the Christmas season! I'm going to try to get crafty for it this year… Maybe some sugar cookies and some decorations (thank you Pinterest).
Today the K's went to pick up Kellan's new friend, Leia. She's the cutest and sweetest and seems to be adjusting well to her new environment.
Also this week, since I won't be living in the sorority complex, I've been on a search for a roommate for next year. I was originally planning to live with another soccer player, Lauren. We've had several classes together this year. But she found out today that she gets to live in the sorority complex. Kim, a girl from our hall, didn't have a roommate either… until now! So now and a some of other girls from our hall are planning to live in the same building/hall next semester. Totes looking forward to that!
Yesterday was JewellStock. Basically the school brings in a bunch of inflatables (including the obstacle course inflatable from project grad) and everyone just hangs out outside. There was also free cotton candy and free dinner. Well I don't think it's really "free" because we're paying a lot to be here…. I had a lot of cotton candy… Kendyl had significantly more. So she was on a sugar high for quite some time. I also injured myself going down the big inflatable slide because my arm rubbed up against the side of the slide the whole way down. Pretty sure it took off a few layers of skin. It's a little sore today and I think there are some blisters that formed… Gross.
Today I had a Psych Test. And for some random reason my nose started bleeding in the middle of it. That WOULD happen to me. But it's a good thing I had some napkins in my backpack. Also today my hall also went to Los Compas for dinner for 3 dollar tacos. Apparently it's the cool hangout on Taco Thrusdays for Jewell kids because pretty sure a third of our school population was there. And after that we went to Lemon Tree (like Yogurtini, only in Liberty). YUM.
Tomorrow we don't have classes because it's colloquium day. So I'll probably get to sleep in for a little bit, which will be nice. Then this weekend is going to be super busy. Saturday I'm volunteering at the Ronald McDonald House (my sorority's philanthropy) for a couple hours. Then one of my hall-mate's wants to go check out a church's evening weekend service. Then Sunday I work. And I have to be back here for our dorm's pageant. I'm rapping a small section and dancing for part of our hall's presentation. It will be awesome!!
Three weeks, bros. Hopefully anatomy doesn't kill me. Literally. I'm really worried for my sanity and how my brain is going to hold all of that information for the comprehensive final. I hate anatomy. But not as much as I hate the instructor….


The weathered slats clock is an easy project to make over a weekend and is a nice, functional shabby – chic decor item!
The 3D slat components were created with the Vectric Aspire software from a photo of aged and weathered slats.
Some of the software features used while designing this project include; creating a component from a bitmap, clear area of selected component tools, the drawing and node editing tools and the smoothing filter and sculpting tools.
This project is available for Aspire version 9.0 users, we've recently updated your V&CO portal account to include all of the free content available to you in one place. To download the free project files and the full instructions for this project or to take a look at all of the other free content available to you simply login to your V&CO account below.
Michael another great looking project. I especially like the video that you explain and show how to do the finishing.
I was wondering if you created the three models that you used for the textureing or did that come from somewhere else?
I want to do a rustic frame for a friend and thought that might be just what I'm looking for.
I cretianly want to do this fun project before long.
Thanks for all the great procects we can not only make but learn from.
Thank you. I created the models from a photo (create model from bitmap). I enlarged that model and cut out individual slats that I could then re-arrange to my liking. I left the original cutout models and the "master model" in hidden layers in the project. You can turn on those layers and peek at them if you wish.
I am having a little problem with the wood slat wall clock I hope you can help me with. I have several clocks, most are smaller than the one you used. So I want to scale it down and the problem I am having is with the cutout for the clock in the top part. It always stays selected even when I have all toolpaths shut off. I am trying to make it smaller and the corresponding circle and am having a terrible time doing so. Any help would be appreciated.
Try de-selecting the circle by clicking anywhere on a blank part of the workspace.
Then select the circle again, choose the resize/transform tool and type the dimension you need.
Recalculate the toolpaths and you should be good to go.
Note: if you need to resize the circle on the back panel, ungroup the vectors first, select just that circle, resize and regroup then recalc your profile vector cuts.


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Boulder Point Oceanfront Acreage & Home, Cortes Island, BC
Boulder Point Oceanfront Acreage & Home, Cortes Island, BC, Canada
Oceanfront Acreage
Desolation Sound
The ultimate setup for a large family or guest lodge operation. 15 acres with 600 ft of south east exposed low bank frontage. Includes 3,400 sq ft 7 bed & bath home. 3 minutes by boat from Squirrel Cove government dock & general store on Cortes Island.
15 acre oceanfront with custom 3,334 sq ft seven bedroom, seven bathroom Lindal home. The home is completely setup for extended family or to be run as a guest lodge. Over 600ft of gentle low bank south east exposed frontage looking across Squirrel Cove. Excellent protected deep water moorage including 50ft dock with foreshore license in place. Excellent shallow water source located on the property providing ample water. Newly built workshop near the home with lots of storage space. Power generation system with battery bank providing all the comforts of home. Short 5 minute boat ride to the community of Squirrel Cove where government wharf and amenities are available including full service general store and restaurant. An internal road and path network connects property to adjacent 100 acres. The property and paths are surrounded by beautiful lush coastal forest including towering cedar and fir trees. Zoning permits construction of additional cabin. Come and view today!
Location : Located on the northern end of the Strait of Georgia, between Campbell River on central Vancouver Island and the mainland coast of British Columbia, Cortes Island is accessed via ferry from Heriot Bay on the east coast of Quadra Island. Campbell River is the departure point for ferry access to Quadra and Cortes Islands. A 10-minute ferry ride from Campbell River lands you at Quathiaski Cove on the west coast of Quadra Island. A 15-minute drive across to the east coast of Quadra brings you to Heriot Bay, the ferry terminal for the 45-minute ferry trip across Sutil Channel to Cortes Island. Water taxis also operate out of Campbell River to Cortes. The cost is divided amongst the number of passengers - the price can range from $20 - $100 per person. Those with their own boats can also launch at Lund on the Sunshine Coast.
By seaplane; Direct flights to Manson's Landing on Cortes Island are available during the summer months from Vancouver (1 hr) and Seattle (2 hrs). By airplane; Air Canada runs daily flights to Campbell River (on Vancouver Island) and Powell River (on the mainland) from Vancouver and Seattle. From Campbell River airport, take the airport shuttle service to the ferry terminal in downtown Campbell River. From the Powell River Airport take a shuttle to Lund and then a water taxi to Cortes. You must make arrangements in advance for this service. Pacific Coastal Airlines also flies from the Vancouver Airport South Terminal to Campbell River.
Recreation :
Salmon Fishing in the region is legendary. The waters around Quadra and Cortes Islands have yielded some of the largest salmon ever caught on BC's west coast. Although much of the activity is centred in nearby Campbell River on Vancouver Island, there's plenty of action around Quadra and Cortes Islands. Spring salmon migrate from April through to September. Bluejacks and Coho salmon arrive in May, followed by Tyee in July, August and September. Charter boat operators are available for fishing or wildlife viewing excursions.
Freshwater Fishing: If the fish aren't biting in the saltchuk ('chuk' is a Native word for water) just turn your attention to the fish in Hague Lake. The freshwater lake is partly incorporated in Manson's Landing Provincial Park, a rarity in the Marine Provincial park system.
Hiking and Biking on old logging roads, many of which are overgrown, will take the adventuresome into seldom visited habitats. Carrington Bay and Von Donop Inlet provide a maze of trails, and Gunflint Lake and Hague Lake are surrounded mostly by parklands, with a series of marked trails at the end of Quais Bay Road and across the road from the Cortes Motel. When hiking on Cortes, please remember that most small roads lead to private residences, so take care when choosing your path.
Smelt Bay Provincial Park on the southwestern corner of the island provides a heavenly setting on this picturesque island, and your reward for going to the effort to reach Cortes Island is a great provincial park campground. Follow the island road 13 miles (21 km) from the ferry dock to the park, located near Manson's Landing Provincial Park. For a great beach walk, head south to the tip of Sutil Point from Smelt Bay Park. Identify gulls, eagles, cormorants, herons and oystercatchers while you pick up treasured shells and driftwood along the shore. The multitude of sealife provides fine dining for humans ... and seals, sea lions, seabirds and otters too.
Manson's Landing Provincial Park has blessed Cortes Island with a sublime picnic and fishing location. A wide, sandy beach beckons to those who just wish to spread a blanket beside the driftwood backrest and dig into the cooler. Manson's Landing is a great place for paddling, swimming and sunbathing. Bring your own canoe or kayak, or rent one on the island.
Desolation Sound, British Columbia's most celebrated marine destination, borders on Cothe sound. Desolation Sound Marine Park possesses a magical magnetism that draws boaters and paddlers from distant shores. Most boaters congregate in popular anchorages at Prideaux Haven, Tenedos Bay, and Grace Harbour, but with a little more imagination you'll find plenty of isolated bays and campsites throughout Desolation Sound's more than 37 miles (60 km) of coastline. One of the prime attractions of these waters is their warmth in summer months, which makes them ideal for swimming and snorkeling. Boaters and paddlers will discover an environment nearer in spirit to the protected waters of the southern Strait of Georgia. What Desolation Sound provides that the southern Gulf Islands don't is an astonishing breeding ground for shellfish, principally oysters. Whoever penned the time-honored expression When the tide is out, the table is spread must have been inspired by these nutrient-rich waters.
Area Data : Cortes Island
Nestled at the entrance to enchanting Desolation Sound, tranquil and friendly Cortes Island is one of the most impressive of the Discovery Islands, with its placid lakes, beaches, and rugged gorges.
Located between Campbell River on central Vancouver Island and the mainland coast of British Columbia, the Discovery Islands dot the intricate waterways in some of the most spectacular scenery in the world.
There are three settlements on Cortes: Whaletown at the ferry dock, Manson's Landing with its sandy beaches, and Squirrel Cove, an anchorage facing Desolation Sound. The moment you step onto a ferry heading for the islands, the pace relaxes and the smiles break out.
Cortes Island is about 16 miles (25 km) long, 8 miles (13 km) wide and 13,000 hectares in area. The southern half of Cortes lies in the rain shadow of Vancouver Island, creating a drier climate than the northern half of the island. Most of the island's population lives on the southern end, along with Arbutus and Manzanita trees that cling to the bleached granite bluffs.
Native to this part of British Columbia is the Klahoose First Nation, a northern Coast Salish tribe who maintained seasonal and permanent villages from Toba Inlet south to Cortes Island. When the main villages in Toba Inlet were flooded in the 1800s, the Klahoose Band selected their traditional winter settlement at Squirrel Cove as their permanent site.
Cortes Island (pronounced Cortez) and nearby Hernando Island were named after the Spanish conqueror of Mexico, Hernando Cortes. This unlikely link was established by the Spanish cartographer, Valdez, who charted these waters in 1793. The Spanish never settled the area, but Cortes and other Spanish names remained.
The main islands in the Discovery Islands group are Quadra Island, Cortes Island and the Outer Islands, the largest of which include East and West Thurlow Islands, Sonora Island, Stuart Island, Maurelle Island, Read Island, Raza Island, and East and West Redonda Island. Visitors from around the world are attracted to the Discovery Islands for their scenic beauty and recreational opportunities.
Population: 950
Cortes Island is a community rich in arts and culture. Crafts stores and galleries offer drawings, paintings and sculptures by local artists.
Pick up a copy of the Cortes Arts & Culture Lane brochure from island outlets; a visitor guide to Galleries, Museums and Studios on Cortes Island.
Cortes Island Museum, on Beasley Road next to the firehall, provides a fascinating glimpse into the cultural and natural history of Whaletown and the surrounding area. Varied displays include Windows on Whaletown and the work of naturalist and author Gilean Douglas. The museum is open from late spring until early fall.
Spawning Salmon: Several streams on Cortes Island are the spawning grounds of Chum salmon. They can be viewed in the Gorge Channel and Squirrel Cove in November as they journey to the rivers of their birth to spawn and complete the circle of life.
Thousands of smelt come to spawn on the southwestern tip of the island in Smelt Bay Provincial Park. Smelts are a green-and-silver, sardine-sized fish that frequents these waters in huge numbers and attracts salmon. Not difficult to net, they make a tasty meal.
There are numerous lagoons with abundant shellfish and shorebirds. Manson's landing provincial Park is the most accessible, and shellfish may be legally collected here and at Smelt Bay, Squirrel cove and the beach south of the government wharf in the Gorge Harbour. Watch for posted signs, check the legal limits and keep away from oyster and clam leases, which are marked with red concrete blocks at their corners.
Cortes Island is a dream destination for berry picking. Blackberries, salal, huckleberries, salmonberries and thimbleberries abound on the island in season.
There's a well-equipped marina in Gorge Harbour, and government wharves are maintained at Cortes Bay, Whaletown, Squirrel Cove, Manson's Landing and Gorge Harbour. Two yacht clubs supply member moorage at Cortes Bay. Quadra, Cortes and Redonda Islands provide a gateway to that sailing enchantment, Desolation Sound.
Zoning : RU-1
Legal : Lot 1 Block B Plan VIP66551 District Lot 827 Land District 51 Except Plan VIP82802
Taxes : $3,039.80 (2011)
Buyers should verify any information provided that is important to them to their sole satisfaction. Our best efforts have been made to provide the most current and accurate information from sources believed to be reliable.
7 bedroom (Listed 2011-08-10)


Getting a new mattress is an exciting endeavor into great nights of sleep ahead. So, who wants to wait a week or two for this awesome addition to the household? Same day mattress delivery in Englewood takes away the wait and makes it easy for you to find your way to dreamland.


text:
package device

import (
	"errors"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"github.com/go-kit/kit/metrics/generic"
	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
	"github.com/xmidt-org/webpa-common/xmetrics"
)

func TestNewDeadline(t *testing.T) {
	t.Run("NoTimeout", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			now = func() time.Time {
				assert.Fail("now should not be called")
				return time.Time{}
			}

			deadline = NewDeadline(-1, now)
		)

		require.NotNil(deadline)
		assert.True(deadline().IsZero())
	})

	t.Run("WithTimeout", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("CustomNow", func(t *testing.T) {
			var (
				assert  = assert.New(t)
				require = require.New(t)

				expectedTime    = time.Now()
				expectedTimeout = 15 * time.Minute
				deadline        = NewDeadline(expectedTimeout, func() time.Time { return expectedTime })
			)

			require.NotNil(deadline)
			actualTime := deadline()
			assert.Equal(expectedTime.Add(expectedTimeout), actualTime)
		})

		t.Run("DefaultNow", func(t *testing.T) {
			var (
				assert  = assert.New(t)
				require = require.New(t)

				baseTime        = time.Now()
				expectedTimeout = 17 * time.Second
				deadline        = NewDeadline(expectedTimeout, nil)
			)

			require.NotNil(deadline)
			actualTime := deadline()
			assert.True(actualTime.Sub(baseTime) >= expectedTimeout)
		})
	})
}

func TestSetPongHandler(t *testing.T) {
	t.Run("NoError", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			now     = time.Now()
			reader  = new(mockConnectionReader)
			counter = generic.NewCounter("test")

			pongHandler func(string) error
		)

		reader.On("SetPongHandler", mock.MatchedBy(func(func(string) error) bool { return true })).
			Run(func(arguments mock.Arguments) {
				pongHandler = arguments.Get(0).(func(string) error)
			}).
			Once()
		reader.On("SetReadDeadline", now).Return((error)(nil)).Once()

		SetPongHandler(reader, xmetrics.NewIncrementer(counter), func() time.Time { return now })
		require.NotNil(pongHandler)
		assert.NoError(pongHandler("does not matter"))
		assert.Equal(1.0, counter.Value())

		reader.AssertExpectations(t)
	})

	t.Run("Error", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			now           = time.Now()
			expectedError = errors.New("expected")
			reader        = new(mockConnectionReader)
			counter       = generic.NewCounter("test")

			pongHandler func(string) error
		)

		reader.On("SetPongHandler", mock.MatchedBy(func(func(string) error) bool { return true })).
			Run(func(arguments mock.Arguments) {
				pongHandler = arguments.Get(0).(func(string) error)
			}).
			Once()
		reader.On("SetReadDeadline", now).Return(expectedError).Once()

		SetPongHandler(reader, xmetrics.NewIncrementer(counter), func() time.Time { return now })
		require.NotNil(pongHandler)
		assert.Equal(expectedError, pongHandler("does not matter"))
		assert.Equal(1.0, counter.Value())

		reader.AssertExpectations(t)
	})
}

func TestNewPinger(t *testing.T) {
	t.Run("Success", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			writer           = new(mockConnectionWriter)
			counter          = generic.NewCounter("test")
			expectedDeadline = time.Now()
		)

		pinger, err := NewPinger(writer, xmetrics.NewIncrementer(counter), []byte("ping data"), func() time.Time { return expectedDeadline })
		assert.NoError(err)
		require.NotNil(pinger)
		writer.On("SetWriteDeadline", expectedDeadline).Return((error)(nil)).Once()
		writer.On("WritePreparedMessage", mock.MatchedBy(func(*websocket.PreparedMessage) bool { return true })).Return((error)(nil)).Once()

		assert.NoError(pinger())
		assert.Equal(1.0, counter.Value())

		writer.AssertExpectations(t)
	})

	t.Run("SetWriteDeadlineError", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			writer           = new(mockConnectionWriter)
			counter          = generic.NewCounter("test")
			expectedDeadline = time.Now()
			expectedError    = errors.New("expected")
		)

		pinger, err := NewPinger(writer, xmetrics.NewIncrementer(counter), []byte("ping data"), func() time.Time { return expectedDeadline })
		assert.NoError(err)
		require.NotNil(pinger)
		writer.On("SetWriteDeadline", expectedDeadline).Return(expectedError).Once()

		assert.Equal(expectedError, pinger())
		assert.Zero(counter.Value())

		writer.AssertExpectations(t)
	})

	t.Run("WritePreparedMessageError", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			writer           = new(mockConnectionWriter)
			counter          = generic.NewCounter("test")
			expectedDeadline = time.Now()
			expectedError    = errors.New("expected")
		)

		pinger, err := NewPinger(writer, xmetrics.NewIncrementer(counter), []byte("ping data"), func() time.Time { return expectedDeadline })
		assert.NoError(err)
		require.NotNil(pinger)
		writer.On("SetWriteDeadline", expectedDeadline).Return((error)(nil)).Once()
		writer.On("WritePreparedMessage", mock.MatchedBy(func(*websocket.PreparedMessage) bool { return true })).Return(expectedError).Once()

		assert.Equal(expectedError, pinger())
		assert.Zero(counter.Value())

		writer.AssertExpectations(t)
	})
}

func TestInstrumentReader(t *testing.T) {
	t.Run("Success", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			statistics         = NewStatistics(nil, time.Now())
			reader             = new(mockConnectionReader)
			expectedData       = []byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
			instrumentedReader = InstrumentReader(reader, statistics)
		)

		require.NotNil(instrumentedReader)
		reader.On("ReadMessage").Return(websocket.BinaryMessage, expectedData, (error)(nil)).Once()

		messageType, actualData, actualError := instrumentedReader.ReadMessage()
		assert.Equal(websocket.BinaryMessage, messageType)
		assert.Equal(expectedData, actualData)
		assert.NoError(actualError)
		assert.Equal(len(expectedData), statistics.BytesReceived())
		assert.Equal(1, statistics.MessagesReceived())

		reader.AssertExpectations(t)
	})

	t.Run("ReadMessageError", func(t *testing.T) {
		var (
			assert  = assert.New(t)
			require = require.New(t)

			statistics         = NewStatistics(nil, time.Now())
			reader             = new(mockConnectionReader)
			expectedError      = errors.New("expected")
			instrumentedReader = InstrumentReader(reader, statistics)
		)

		require.NotNil(instrumentedReader)
		reader.On("ReadMessage").Return(-1, []byte{}, expectedError).Once()

		messageType, actualData, actualError := instrumentedReader.ReadMessage()
		assert.Equal(-1, messageType)
		assert.Len(actualData, 0)
		assert.Equal(expectedError, actualError)
		assert.Zero(statistics.BytesReceived())
		assert.Zero(statistics.MessagesReceived())

		reader.AssertExpectations(t)
	})
}

func TestInstrumentWriter(t *testing.T) {
	t.Run("WriteMessage", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("Success", func(t *testing.T) {
			var (
				assert  = assert.New(t)
				require = require.New(t)

				statistics         = NewStatistics(nil, time.Now())
				writer             = new(mockConnectionWriter)
				expectedData       = []byte{43, 3, 74, 111, 89}
				instrumentedWriter = InstrumentWriter(writer, statistics)
			)

			require.NotNil(instrumentedWriter)
			writer.On("WriteMessage", websocket.BinaryMessage, expectedData).Return((error)(nil)).Once()

			assert.NoError(instrumentedWriter.WriteMessage(websocket.BinaryMessage, expectedData))
			assert.Equal(len(expectedData), statistics.BytesSent())
			assert.Equal(1, statistics.MessagesSent())

			writer.AssertExpectations(t)
		})

		t.Run("Error", func(t *testing.T) {
			var (
				assert  = assert.New(t)
				require = require.New(t)

				statistics         = NewStatistics(nil, time.Now())
				writer             = new(mockConnectionWriter)
				expectedData       = []byte{128, 76, 14, 9, 178, 2, 126, 23}
				expectedError      = errors.New("expected")
				instrumentedWriter = InstrumentWriter(writer, statistics)
			)

			require.NotNil(instrumentedWriter)
			writer.On("WriteMessage", websocket.BinaryMessage, expectedData).Return(expectedError).Once()

			assert.Equal(expectedError, instrumentedWriter.WriteMessage(websocket.BinaryMessage, expectedData))
			assert.Zero(statistics.BytesSent())
			assert.Zero(statistics.MessagesSent())

			writer.AssertExpectations(t)
		})
	})

	t.Run("WritePreparedMessage", func(t *testing.T) {
		t.Run("Success", func(t *testing.T) {
			var (
				assert  = assert.New(t)
				require = require.New(t)

				statistics         = NewStatistics(nil, time.Now())
				writer             = new(mockConnectionWriter)
				instrumentedWriter = InstrumentWriter(writer, statistics)
			)

			require.NotNil(instrumentedWriter)

			expectedMessage, err := websocket.NewPreparedMessage(websocket.BinaryMessage, []byte{99, 44, 55, 128, 6, 2})
			require.NoError(err)
			require.NotNil(expectedMessage)

			writer.On("WritePreparedMessage", expectedMessage).Return((error)(nil)).Once()

			assert.NoError(instrumentedWriter.WritePreparedMessage(expectedMessage))
			assert.Zero(statistics.BytesSent())
			assert.Equal(1, statistics.MessagesSent())

			writer.AssertExpectations(t)
		})

		t.Run("Error", func(t *testing.T) {
			var (
				assert  = assert.New(t)
				require = require.New(t)

				statistics         = NewStatistics(nil, time.Now())
				writer             = new(mockConnectionWriter)
				expectedError      = errors.New("expected")
				instrumentedWriter = InstrumentWriter(writer, statistics)
			)

			require.NotNil(instrumentedWriter)

			expectedMessage, err := websocket.NewPreparedMessage(websocket.BinaryMessage, []byte{8, 45, 123, 79, 1})
			require.NoError(err)
			require.NotNil(expectedMessage)

			writer.On("WritePreparedMessage", expectedMessage).Return(expectedError).Once()

			assert.Equal(expectedError, instrumentedWriter.WritePreparedMessage(expectedMessage))
			assert.Zero(statistics.BytesSent())
			assert.Zero(statistics.MessagesSent())

			writer.AssertExpectations(t)
		})
	})
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Members Employers Providers Producers Our Company
BCBSND promotes Mike Carlson to director of Employer Consulting and Wellness Services
FARGO, N.D. - Mike Carlson has been promoted to director of Employer Consulting and Wellness Services at Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota (BCBSND).
Carlson is responsible to develop and implement employer consulting, member education and member wellness strategies to improve overall member engagement and health status, enhance member health care decision-making and create a sustainable health care cost trend for potential and existing BCBSND employer group customers.
He began his BCBSND career in 2006 as director of the Health and Wellness programs in Medical Management. In 2010, Carlson was named manager of Wellness Services in Marketing.
He received a bachelor's degree in athletic training from North Dakota State University, Fargo, and a master's in exercise science from St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minn.
About Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Dakota
BCBSND is a member-owned, not-for-profit independent licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association. As North Dakota's largest provider of health care coverage, BCBSND is taking BOLD steps to collaborate with doctors, hospitals, clinics and members to ensure affordable access to quality health care in the state. To learn more about BCBSND, visit www.BCBSND.com.


text:
Photo Illustration: Jonathan Hurtarte/Bloomberg Industry Group; Photos: Getty Images
New SEC's First Climate Disclosure Tool Is Blast From the Past
By Andrew Ramonas
Feb. 9, 2021, 9:46 AM
SEC Acting Chair Lee has called for more climate reporting
Climate disclosure guidance's use waned after 2010 adoption
Democrats newly in charge of the Securities and Exchange Commission don't have to wait for new rules to pressure companies for more disclosures about how climate change impacts them: One tool is there, waiting to be used again after years collecting dust.
Democrat Allison Lee frequently called for more corporate climate-related reporting before she became the SEC's acting chair last month, echoing similar entreaties from President Joe Biden, and the SEC guidance on climate-change disclosures adopted when Biden was vice president in 2010 carries some weight because commissioners voted to release it.
The 29-page document doesn't have the force of a rule and lacks legal requirements for companies. Still, invoking it would give Lee a quick alternative to creating new rules or formally updating the guidance, while emphasizing the importance of companies providing better information to investors.
"Absent rulemaking or other commission action, it's the only tool that she has right now to improve disclosure around climate risk," said Ropes & Gray LLP senior counsel Keith Higgins, a former head of the SEC's Division of Corporation Finance, which reviews companies' filings.
Oil companies are among those facing investor pressure to provide more climate disclosures. Exxon Mobil Corp., for example, planned to increase its yearly carbon-dioxide emissions 17% by 2025 under its $210 billion investment strategy, but never publicly disclosed the information, Bloomberg News has reported. Exxon called the projections "an early assessment that does not include additional mitigation and abatement measures that would have been considered as the next step in the process."
Lee has signaled the importance of environmental, social, and governance issues as acting chair with the hiring of the agency's first-ever senior policy adviser for climate and ESG. ESG matters are of "great significance to investors and the capital markets," she said at the time.
"It is naturally important to continue to examine how previous guidance has been enforced in the decade since, as well as how market participants have reacted to that guidance, as part of broader efforts to update the approach in this area," according to a person familiar with the matter.
It's unclear when, or if, the SEC may take any action concerning the guidance under Lee, whose stint leading the agency will end when the Senate confirms her successor. Action could fall to Gary Gensler, Biden's nominee for chairman, if he's approved.
Pros, Cons
Between the document's adoption in 2010 and 2014, the SEC staff sent 11 companies letters that formally cited the guidance and questioned compliance with it, according to a Bloomberg Law review of agency documents. No other comment letters explicitly referenced the guidance after 2014. The SEC also has asked companies about their climate disclosures without directly invoking the guidance since 2010, but in a limited fashion, a government study showed.
The guidance was intended to clarify what companies should already have been doing: making disclosures about the effects of climate-related legislation, regulation, and international accords, as well as other developments concerning climate change, if material to their businesses.
Sign Up for the In-House Counsel Newsletter
Paint manufacturer Sherwin-Williams Co. and Chinese oil and gas company CNOOC Ltd. were among those to hear from the SEC.
The agency asked Sherwin-Williams what thought it gave to the guidance in a 2010 comment letter. The paint maker responded that it previously disclosed that its position in the chemical industry subjects it to many environmental regulations, and it would report new information about climate change matters "as appropriate."
The SEC reminded CNOOC it should disclose the impact global warming has on it physically, as well as how climate change regulation and business trends affect it, if material, according to a 2014 comment letter that cited the guidance. CNOOC told the agency it already disclosed that China and other countries have applicable environmental laws and it complies with them. The oil and gas company also said it considered climate change-related business trends and physical impacts, like "extreme weather," in its disclosures.
Ceres, a nonprofit organization founded by investors and environmentalists, has raised concerns about the SEC's limited use of the guidance over the years and is looking for the agency to start changing direction.
"The guidance is an absolutely great short-term initiative," said Steven Rothstein, managing director of the Ceres Accelerator for Sustainable Capital Markets. "There's others, as well, that the SEC can work on."
Ceres has urged the commission to adopt rules mandating corporate disclosures related to climate risk, using a voluntary reporting framework from the Financial Stability Board's Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures as a guide. (The task force is led by Michael Bloomberg, founder of Bloomberg LP. Bloomberg Law is operated by entities controlled by Michael Bloomberg.)
The TCFD has several recommendations for making disclosures related to managing and measuring climate risk, including urging companies to explain their costs of transitioning to a lower-carbon economy.
New Rules?
Lee can direct the Division of Corporation Finance staff to take a closer look at company filings with an eye toward the guidance. This could lead to new staff-level disclosure guidance telling companies what the agency is looking for in their filings. Individual companies also could get more questions from the SEC about their climate disclosures.
Lee and her staff could also begin drafting climate disclosure rules while she's acting chair, leaving them to Gensler to take up. The SEC's two Republicans likely would block any rulemaking or other action that requires a commission vote on climate disclosures until Democrats gain the majority with a third member at the agency.
The American Chemistry Council, American Petroleum Institute, and other industry groups have told the SEC its 2010 guidance is sufficient, and the agency doesn't need to require more disclosures.
"Many ACC members already provide information about emissions and climate related risks as part of the information they share with stakeholders," Jennifer Scott, a spokeswoman for the trade group, said in a statement. "We will continue to evaluate the Administration's plans as they are announced, including any that may emerge from the SEC."
The need for climate disclosureshas grown in the 11 years since the guidance came out, former SEC Chairman Mary Schapiro said recently at a Brookings Institution discussion on climate change and financial market regulations.
Schapiro, a TCFD member, led the SEC when it adopted the guidance. (She also is vice chair for public policy and special adviser to the founder and chairman at Bloomberg.)
"If we thought about in 2010 that it was important to have that disclosure, it is magnitudes more important today," Schapiro said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Andrew Ramonas in Washington at aramonas@bloomberglaw.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Bernie Kohn at bkohn@bloomberglaw.com; Michael Ferullo at mferullo@bloomberglaw.com
Securities Regulation Reporter
Commission Guidance Regarding Disclosure Related to Climate Change
SEC's Lee Names Agency's First Senior Adviser for Climate, ESG
Feb. 1, 2021, 9:47 PM
Allison Lee Named Acting SEC Chief as Gensler Waits Confirmation
Jan. 21, 2021, 7:17 PM
Biden SEC Likely to Push More Climate, Diversity Disclosures
Nov. 12, 2020, 5:37 PM
Banks Should Disclose Climate Change Risks, SEC's Lee Says
Nov. 5, 2020, 5:43 PM
Ropes & Gray
appointments and personnel changes
securities disclosure
Exxon Mobil Corp
Sherwin-Williams Co/The
CNOOC Ltd


A witness to special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia probe reportedly secretly backed the United Arab Emirates' political agenda after receiving millions of dollars which he donated to U.S. lawmakers, The Associated Press reported Monday.
George Nader, a top fundraiser for President Donald Trump, reportedly wired $2.5 million to Trump fundraiser Elliott Broidy to persuade the U.S. to take a strong stance on Qatar, The Associated Press reported. Not long after he received the donation, Broidy held a conference regarding Qatar's alleged ties to Islamic extremism, and California Republican Rep. Ed Royce, reportedly announced legislation to condemn Qatar for supporting terrorism.
Two months after Royce introduced the bill, Broidy gave him a $5,400 campaign gift, the maximum amount allowed by law to gift to a congressman. The donation was a part of just under $600,000 that Broidy donated to GOP members of Congress and political committees since he began trying to target Qatar.
Nader was previously convicted of sexually abusing multiple minors in the Czech Republic. Mueller became interested in Nader after the special counsel discovered that he had attended meetings with Trump aide and son-and-law Jared Kushner before Trump became president.
The Daily Caller News Foundation reached out to Royce's office for a statement regarding his relationship with either Nader or Broidy but did not receive a response in time for publication.


text:
Parent and Youth Empowerment Program
Our Parent and Youth Empowerment Program (PYEP) was selected as an Best Practice Program by the United States Department of Justice , Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) under the category of Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Reduction.
For More information, Click HERE to view the OJJDP website for more details
Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center
300 N. Gay Street
1st Floor, Intake Department
East Baltimore Community Corporation operates the Parent and Youth Empowerment Program (PYEP), in partnership with the Maryland Department of Juvenile Services and the Family League of Baltimore City. The PYEP is designed to work with parents and guardians whose children are arrested in Baltimore City and deemed to be releasable; however, parents/guardians have either refused or are unavailable to pick up their children from the Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center. PYEP staff works with the needs of the parents to enable reconnection with their children and assumption of parental responsibility. In addition, PYEP connects the parent and child with community-based services based on their needs.
Assisting in identifying information about family resources;
Accompanying families to court, school or other meetings;
Home visits;
Informing and educating families on navigating agency processes with agencies such as:
Juvenile justice,
Child welfare,
Education, and
Empowering families to advocate for their child
The PYEP Program is located in the 1st Floor Intake Department of the Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center at 300 N. Gay Street.
Program Outcome Measures
The data for Fiscal Year 2013 highlights the success of the program. EBYFSB received 212 referrals from Maryland Department of Justice (DJS) and the Baltimore Police Department (BPD). Of the 212 youth referred, 147 (69%) were reconnected to their parents/guardian, avoiding unnecessary secure detention at the Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center. 55 (26%) were placed in shelter; and 10 (5%) were placed in detention. It should be noted that the benchmark for the PYEP was 40%.
Mr. Maceo Hallmon, Program Director
EBCC-East Baltimore Youth and Families Services Bureau


John Albright served in Vietnam as a captain in the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment and participated in the action, "Convoy Ambush on Highway 1." He received the B.A. degree from Oklahoma State University and is engaged in graduate study at The American University. He has served two short terms in Vietnam as a civilian historian while employed in the Office of the Chief of Military History.
John A. Cash, Major, Infantry, an experienced officer, served in Vietnam as a company commander and as a member of a brigade operations staff in the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), in the latter capacity participating in the action, "Fight at Ia Drang." He also served two short tours in Vietnam as a historian on special missions for the Office of the Chief of Military History, to which he was assigned from 1966 through 1968. On the second short tour he was involved in the action, "Gunship Mission." Major Cash holds the B.A. and M.A. degrees in history from Rutgers University and the M.A. from the University of Wisconsin.
Allan W. Sandstrum, Lieutenant Colonel, Field Artillery, served on the G-3 staff of I Field Force, Vietnam. He received the B.A. degree from the University of California at Los Angeles and the M.A. degree in history from the University of Texas at E1 Paso. Colonel Sandstrum is currently assigned to the Office of the Chief of Military History.
These accounts of fighting in Vietnam are based upon official U.S. Army records-daily journals, journal files, and after action reports; upon interviews conducted soon after the events by historical officers in Vietnam; and upon interviews and correspondence conducted later by the authors themselves. Although no documentation is included in the published work, a fully annotated copy of the manuscript is on file in the Office of the Chief of Military History.
The editor for the volume was Loretto C. Stevens; the copy editor, Barbara J. Harris. Photographs were selected, with the assistance of the authors, by Ruth A. Phillips. Maps were prepared in the office of The Adjutant General. The painting on the front cover is the work of Spec. 4 Paul Rickert; on the back cover, the work of Pfc. Alexander A. Bogdonovich. The undersigned exercised general supervision over the preparation of the studies.
All illustrations are from Department of Defense files except following: the pictures on pages 21, 25, 38, 40, which are reproduced with the permission of the Associated Press; the pictures on pages 51 and 53, furnished by Capt. George E. Kinback; and the picture on page 107, furnished by Lt. Col. James H. Johnson.


text:
Q: Gravity Forms and Gravity View Permissions I have a pretty direct question. I am trying to figure out how to programmatically prevent users from being able to view other users' form submissions. Currently, using Gravity View, any logged in user can look at the URL and just start incrementally changing the number to see anyone's form submissions.
Apparently Gravity Kit offers an addon for this, but I would prefer to do this programmatically. Thoughts?

A: You can make the entry slug a hash instead of incrementing using this filter:
add_filter( 'gravityview_custom_entry_slug', '__return_true' );

For limiting visibility, I recommend the Advanced Filtering extension.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange