Since most microorganisms appear virtually colorless, they often need to be stained in order to adequately examine them with a compound light microscope. Staining the bacteria provides a contrast with the background which allows for an examination of their characteristics including, cell size, shape, arrangement, chemical properties, and structures (Alexander & Strete, 2001). There are a variety of staining methods used including, simple staining, acid-fast staining, Gram staining, negative staining, spore staining, and capsule staining. Each staining method provides different information about the microorganism. The microorganisms first need to be fixed to a microscope slide before it can be stained. Fixing kills the microorganism and attaches it to the slide. Fixing involves spreading a thin film of the microorganism over the surface of the slide. This film is called a smear (Tortora, Funke, & Case, 2013).
A simple stain is single basic stain that colors the bacterial cells to observe their size, shape, and arrangement. A basic stain carries a positively charged ion which is attracted to the negatively charged bacterial cell. A chemical called a mordant is sometimes added to intensify the stain. Commonly used simple stains include methylene blue, carbolfuchsin, crystal violet, and safranin (Johnson & Case, 2011).
Another stain used to observe the morphology of a cell is a negative stain. A negative stain uses a single acidic stain that colors the background around the cell instead of the cell itself. This method provides a more accurate determination of the size and shape of cells because fixing is not needed and the cell itself is not stained which can distort the view of the cell. Negative staining is also useful for observing cells that do not readily stain. Acidic stains have a negatively charged ion which is repelled by the negatively charged bacteria surface. This leaves the background instead of the cell colored. Commonly used acidic stains are India ink, nigrosin, and acid fuchsin (Alexander & Strete, 2001).
Differential stains, which include the Gram stain and the acid-fast stain, are used to differentiate bacteria based on the chemical composition of their cell wall (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The Gram stain is a highly important staining method that classifies bacteria as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative. The primary stain in the Gram stain is crystal violet in which all the bacteria are stained. A mordant (iodine) is then used which combines with the crystal violet in the cell to form a crystal violet-iodine complex (CV-I) (Johnson & Case, 2011). A decolorizing agent (either alcohol or alcohol-acetone solution) is added. Some cells are affected, washing out the primary stain (decolorized) while others are unaffected. A counterstain (safranin) is added which stains the decolorized bacteria red. The unaffected cells maintain the purple color of the primary stain. Bacteria that stain purple are classified as Gram-positive, whereas bacteria that stain red are classified as Gram-negative. Bacteria react differently to the Gram stain because of the structure of their cell walls. Gram positive cells have a thicker layer of disaccharides and amino acids called peptidoglycan. The CV-I complex formed by the crystal violet and iodine is larger than the crystal violet molecule and cannot be washed out of the peptidoglycan layer. Gram-negative cell walls have a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan, which results in the CV-I being washed out with the alcohol. Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria (Tortora et al., 2013).
The acid-fast stain helps to distinguish different bacteria based on the wax content of their cell walls. Bacteria with a high wax content are called acid-fast bacteria and do not stain with the Gram stain method. These bacteria retain the red primary stain carbolfuchsin. Bacteria that have low wax content in their cell walls are called non-acid-fast. These bacteria lose the primary stain and take up the counterstain, methylene blue. This staining method is used to identify Mycobacterium, which includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae (Alexander & Strete, 2001).
Structural stains, which include the capsule and spore stain, are used to examine the structure of bacteria. "Some bacteria release polysaccharides and polypeptides during growth. These substances accumulate around the cell to form a structure called a capsule" (Alexander & Strete, 2001, p. 43). A special staining method referred to as the capsule stain is needed to view the capsules because simple stains to not adhere to the capsule due to their nonionic nature (Johnson & Case, 2011). Capsule stains use a combination of negative and simple stains. Acidic stains such as Congo red and India ink are used to color the background while a simple stain is used to color the bacteria. The capsules do not accept the stain and appear as a halo between the stained cells and background (Alexander & Strete, 2001). "Demonstrating the presence of a capsule is a means of determining the organism's virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease" (Tortora et al., 2013, p. 70).
The spore stain used to view the endospore formation of bacteria. This is a characteristic that can aide in identifying some bacteria. Endospores are highly resistant dormant structures that form within some vegetative bacteria cells such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium botulinum in a process called sporogenesis. Free spores are released after the cell disintegrates (Alexander & Strete, 2001). Endospores protect bacteria from many adverse environmental conditions. A special spore staining method is used because basic stains cannot penetrate the endospore walls. The Schaeffer-Fulton endospore stain is a commonly used method which uses malachite green as the primary stain and applying heat to penetrate the spore wall. The malachite green is then washed off which removes the stain from all part of the cell except the endospores. Safranin is then used as the counterstain to stain the other portions of the cell. The endospores will appear as green and oval-shaped and the rest of the cell will appear red (Tortora et al., 2013).
The following staining methods will be carried out on various bacterial cells: Simple stain, Gram stain, negative stain, spore stain, and capsule stain. The stained bacteria will then be examined through a compound light microscope. A prepared slide of acid-fast stained bacteria will be also be viewed. Various characteristics of the bacterial cells will be then be studied and noted.
The following bacteria cultures were used: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and a prepared slide of Mycobacterium. Unknown bacteria cultures were also used. The following equipment was used: Compound light microscope, slides, a ceramic heater, inoculating loops, wash bottle of distilled water, methylene blue, crystal violet, Gram's iodine, safranin, ethyl alcohol, India ink, acid-alcohol, malachite green Congo red, acid fuchsin, carbolfuchsin, beaker. Separate slides were used for each culture.
The smears were prepared using the method in the lab book listed on page 24 from a solid medium. Instead of using 2 loopfuls of water, only 1 was used. A ceramic heater was used in place of the Bunsen burner.
The simple stain was carried out following the procedure on page 26 of the lab book except that the bacteria used were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and unknown bacteria. The Gram stain was performed following the procedure on page 30 of the lab book except that unknown bacteria were used in place of the Bacillus subtilis. The negative stain was performed following the procedure in the lab book on pages 35 and 36 except that Bacillus subtilis was not used and unknown bacteria were used in place of the mouth bacteria. India ink was used in place of nigrosine. Broth culture and water were not used. The acid-fast stain was not performed. A prepared slide of Mycobacterium was viewed instead. The capsule stain was performed following the procedure on page 49 of the lab book except S. epidermidis was used in place of S. salivarius. Unknown bacteria were also used. Instead of drawing two circles on the slide, separate slides were used for each of the bacteria. The spore stain was performed following the procedure on pages 47 and 48 in the lab book except that heat fixing was not done to the smear and a separate slide was used for each bacterium. E. coli was used instead of Bacillus megaterium and only one Bacillus subtilis was used. Unknown bacteria were used as well. All the slides were labeled with a permanent marker and the inoculating loops were sterilized using the ceramic heater after each smear. All slides were observed through the oil immersion objective with 1000x magnification.
Using the simple stain method, the E. coli appeared blue and could clearly be observed as rod shaped (Fig.1). The S. epidermidis appeared blue and could clearly be observed as spherical shaped (Fig. 2). The unknown bacteria appeared blue and could clearly be observed as rod shaped (Fig. 3). It also contained colorless oval-shaped objects within the rods.
Using the Gram stain method, the S. epidermidis could be observed as red with a spherical shape (Fig. 5). The E. coli could be observed as red and rod shaped (Fig. 4). The unknown bacterium was observed as red and rod shaped (Fig. 6). The prepared slide of Mycobacterium showed thin red rods that were faint in appearance (Fig. 7).
Using the negative stain method, the S. epidermidis was observed as colorless spheres within a black background (Fig. 8). The unknown bacteria were observed as colorless spheres and rods within a black background (Fig. 9).
Using the capsule stain method, the Enterobacter aerogenes was observed as red rods against a blue background (Fig.10). Colorless halos were observed around the red rods. The S. epidermidis was observed as cocci against as sphere-shaped objects against a blue background (Fig. 11). It contained colorless spots throughout the slide. The unknown bacteria were observed as red rods with white halos and white oval-shaped objects (Fig. 12).
Using the spore stain method, the Bacillus subtilis was clearly observed as red rods with green oval-shaped objects within the rods (Fig. 13). There were also green oval-shaped objects observed by themselves. The E. coli was clearly observed as red rods (Fig. 14). The rods did not contain any oval or spherical-shaped objects. There was however, a green shaded area between the rods. The unknown bacterium was clearly observed as red rods with green oval-shaped objects within the rods (Fig. 15).
The simple stain made it possible to clearly observe the shapes of the bacteria. The methylene blue provided a clear contrast with the background making it possible to observe E. coli as rod shaped, which was the expected result (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The S. epidermidis was observed as coccus shaped, which was the expected result (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The unknown bacterium was observed as rod shaped. The uncolored oval-shaped objects in the center of the rods may be spores, which means the bacteria entered a vegetative state and the spores formed to protect the cell in harsh environmental conditions.
The Gram stain made it possible to observe the shape of the bacteria as well as to classify them as Gram-positive or Gram-negative. The S. epidermidis was observed as coccus shaped and red, which indicates a Gram-negative result. This was not the expected result since S. epidermidis is Gram-positive (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The culture being used could have been older, making it not retain the primary stain, giving an inaccurate result (Johnson & Case, 2011). The E. coli was observed as rod shaped and red, indicating a Gram-negative result. This was the expected result (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The unknown bacterium was observed as rod shaped and red, indicating a Gram-negative result. The Gram-negative bacteria had the crystal violet stain washed out because they have a thin layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls. They will also be more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria would have a thicker layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls, which prevents the primary stain from washing out. The prepared slide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was rod shaped and red in appearance, indicating an acid-fast result, which was the expected result (Alexander & Strete, 2001). This indicates that it has a high wax content in its cell wall and would not stain with the Gram stain.
The negative stain made it possible to observe the shape of the S. epidermidis and the unknown bacteria. The S. epidermidis was coccus shaped, which was the expected result (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The unknown bacteria were mixed coccus and bacillus. The negative stain was not able to more accurately observe the shape than with the simple stain. The black background was inconsistent, making it hard to distinguish the colorless shapes. This was not the expected result since the negative stain is supposed to give a more accurate view of the shapes than the other staining methods. This could be due to the nigrosin not being evenly distributed on the slide.
The spore stain made it possible to observe spores in the bacteria. The Bacillus subtilis was observed as red and rod shaped. Endospores were present as green oval-shaped objects within the rods. This was the expected result since Bacillus subtilis is spore-forming-bacteria (Alexander & Strete, 2001). This indicated that the cells of the bacteria are now more resistant to harsh environmental conditions. There were also free spores observed which means some of the cells disintegrated. This suggests that the bacteria were from an older culture. This was the expected result since older cultures are more likely to contain more spores (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The E. coli appeared as red and rod shaped. The spores were not present inside the rods. This was the expected result since E. coli is non-spore-forming bacteria (Alexander & Strete, 2001). There was however, a shaded green area which was not the expected result since E. coli is non-spore-forming bacteria. This could be from not rinsing the malachite green adequately enough. The unknown bacteria appeared as red and bacillus shaped. Spores were present which means the bacteria is more resistant to the harsh environment.
The capsule stain helped observe the presence of capsules around the Enterobacter aerogenes. The capsules appeared as a white halo around the rod-shaped bacteria because capsules do not accept most stains. This was the expected result (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The presence of capsules indicates the bacteria has an enhanced ability to cause disease. It was difficult to observe the presence of capsules in the S. epidermidis. The colorless spots were hard to distinguish as halos. The presence of capsules appearing as colorless halos around the bacteria was the expected result (Alexander & Strete, 2001). The unknown bacteria contained colorless halos around the bacteria, indicating the presence of capsules. It also contained colorless oval-shaped objects. They may have been capsules as well, or spore formation.
The various staining methods allowed an examination of different characteristics of the bacteria. Each staining method emphasized certain structures. The characteristics examined provided important clues about the nature of the bacteria. This can be helpful in classifying the bacteria. It can also give important information on the severity of a disease or how to treat various diseases. It is also important to perform the staining methods multiple times and not rely on initial results. Various factors can skew the results, leading to false conclusions.
Alexander, S. K., & Strete, D. (2001). Microbiology: A photographic atlas for the laboratory. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
Johnson, T. R, & Case, C. L. (2011). The pearson custom library for the biological sciences. Boston: Pearson.
Tortora, G. J., Funke, B. R, & Case, C. L. (2013). Microbiology: An introduction (11th ed). Boston: Pearson.


Display fresh looking plants and flowers in your home for years to come with our artificial range. This round green cactus is presented in a grey pot with a copper rim. A lovely addition to your windowsill. Dimensions: 26cm x 15cm x 15cm.


Our private label ice cream carts are the pefect promotional tool for any size business. Attract new clients and stand our from the competition, no matter what size business.
We made the process very simple and affordable. Get started today.


text:
Q: short version of for-loop with division by zero To get straight to problem, I have following data.
A = [170,170,150]
b = 160
C = [2,2]
xb = [b/(k-1) for k in C]
print(xb)

Output:
[160.0, 160.0]

Now change C list:
A = [170,170,150]
b = 160
C = [2,1]
xb = [b/(k-1) for k in C]
print(xb)

Output:
Error ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

Okay expected not run, now we find a solution to run it.
xb = []
for k in C:
    try:
        xb.append(b/(k-1))
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        xb.append(0)
print(xb)

Output:
[160.0, 0]

My question is how could I write a shorter version of above solution such as first solution?

A: You can check for the divide-by-zero case inside the list comprehension, like so:
A = [170,170,150]
b = 160
C = [2,1]
xb = [b/(k-1) if k != 1 else 0 for k in C]
print(xb)

Output:
[160.0, 0]

A: solution on  your one of examples
A = [170,170,150]
b = 160
C = [2,1]
xb = [b/(k-1) if k!=1 else 0 for k in C]
print(xb)

A: A = [170,170,150]
b = 160
C = [2,1]
xb = [b/(k-1) if k != 1 else 0 for k in C]
print(xb)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Life's A Twitch - Dr. B. Duncan McKinlay (Upcoming Presentations)!
In Hamilton, ON, Canada to receive a Long-Term Commitment Appreciation Award for my volunteer work with Extend-A-Family (2000). Pictured here with Joe DeRosa, a fellow TS'er, Elvis lover, and son to "Moma T" -- a kind-hearted and generous "mom" to many a TS'er!!
Request a presentation from Dr. McKinlay: click here.
Alberta Teacher's Association Special Education Conference: "Celebrating the Challenges"


Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) Limited Job Circular 2018 on various posts. Dhaka Electric Supply Company (DESCO) Limited entrusted with the responsibilities of operation, maintenance & development of the power system network and distribution of electricity within most of the areas of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Purbachal and part of Tongi area. DESCO invites application from eligible candidate for appointment in the following posts on contractual basis.
House rent @ 50/60% of basic per month as per pay scale-2016, two festival bonuses in a year, recognized provident fund, group insurance, encashment of earned leave and gratuity as per applicable rules of the company, medical allowances and transport allowances will be provided as per company policy. Income tax shall have to be paid by the employee.
1. Age limit as on 03/12/2018 is maximum 30 years for all post except Special Guard, for the post of Special Guard is maximum 40 years.
2. Age limit for applicants from amongst Freedom Fighter's children/grand children will be relaxed by 2 (two) years. However candidates will be required to furnish along with their applications relevant valid documents from competent authority as per provisions of the Govt. rules/policies in this regard.
3. Age limit is relaxable up to 40 years for internal candidates subject to fulfilling requisite educational qualifications.
4. Affidavit with respect to age will not be accepted.
5. Candidates in service will be required to apply through proper channel.
6. Incorrect/incomplete applications and applications received after deadline will not be entertained and liable for rejection.
7. Only short-listed candidates will be called for test/interview.
8. Persuasion of any kind will disqualify the candidature.
9. The appointing authority reserves the right to decline any of the post, accept or reject any application and increase or decrease number of posts/positions as it may seem proper and no explanation for such action will be provided to the applicant.
10. Candidates, applied against job circular published on 29/06/2018, need not to apply for the same post.
(i) Interested candidates have to apply through the 'Online Application Form' wherein a scanned photograph, signature and last/ highest educational certificate, freedom fighter's certificate of parents or grandparents as applicable of the candidate have to be uploaded in due places. The online application form's web link will be available in the website of Dhaka Electric Supply Company Limited (www.desco.org.bd). Before filling up the application form read the instructions carefully which will be available in DESCO website.
(ii) The applicant must pay Tk.1500/- (One Thousand five hundred) for the posts under Sl. No.-1 to 5, Tk.1000/- (One Thousand) for Sl. No 6 to 15 through Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd.( DBBL) Rocket service with following necessary directives mentioned in DESCO's website (www.desco.org.bd).
(iii) Last date of submission of Application through online is 03/12/2018.


Published 04/21/2019 06:39:29 pm at 04/21/2019 06:39:29 pm in 24x18x12 Box.
24x18x12 box diamond tread aluminum underbody truck box with barn door series corrugated boxes 24x18x12 kitchen.
24x18x12 box,corrugated boxes 24x18x12 exo,corrugated boxes 24x18x12 storage,corrugated boxes 24x18x12 shipping,moving boxes 24x18x12,staples 24x18x12 shipping boxes,24x18x12 boxes,corrugated boxes 24x18x12,corrugated boxes 24x18x12 dimensions,24x18x12 cardboard box,corrugated boxes 24x18x12 hepa.


text:
Tag: Lancashire
WILL INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY HELP PRODUCTIVITY ?
WILL IT LAST ?
The latest government industrial strategy was launched this week. Let's hope it lasts. History tells us it won't. Business is certainly sceptical having made investment decisions in the past based on Whitehall plans which ministers lose interest in after the first sound bites have gone away or a new set of young advisers have come up with a new plan for a new minister.
The other reason past initiatives to boost productivity, wages and the Northern economy have disappeared is because of changes in government. The use of state control during the war led to the Attlee government's confidence in a nationalisation programme. The Thatcher government reversed this and until 2008 it was generally accepted that capitalism and the private sector would guarantee economic success. All that changed after the crash and ten years on we are reaping the whirlwind of people's distrust in markets, experts and globalisation.
This Industrial Strategy shows that the Conservatives are now committed to the state having a real role in intervening in the economy. To a considerable extent this has been driven by the success the Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has had in identifying people's distaste for rampant capitalism.
That brings me back to the question businesses are asking, will it last? Possibly if Greg Clarke, one of the abler members of the Cabinet stays in post and if Jeremy Corbyn doesn't get into Downing Street. His industrial strategy based on nostalgia for the Attlee days would look very different.
PRODUCTIVITY.
The industrial strategy is targeted at the construction industry, life sciences, driverless cars and artificial intelligence. So, there is an emphasis on high tech jobs. The question is will this help with our chronic lack of productivity. Most companies in the North operating at the cutting edge of research are productive but 60% of jobs are in retail and manufacturing which is where the productivity problem really lies. There are 40% more jobs in retail than pharmaceutical. The industrial strategy is too narrow to address this widespread problem.
It is also in danger of being southern focused. Currently only 10% of research spending is in the North. The investment by healthcare giant MSD in Manchester is to be welcomed but confidence in the Northern Powerhouse is shaky at the moment. There is a growing sense outside the Manchester and Liverpool conurbations that the whole project is city based. Of course, one answer to that is for counties like Lancashire and Yorkshire to stop squabbling and get their act together. But the piecemeal approach of governments since 2010 to devolution has not helped. Transport for the North (TfN) is a big step forward but in outlining its new powers recently, the government document contained weasel words about "formally considering" TfN's statutory transport strategy and TfN's right to be "consulted" on rail franchises. It does not have the same powers as transport for London.
Finally, there has been a bitter reaction from local government. Whilst mayoral areas will have full control over their local industrial strategies, other councils feel they have been excluded from playing a role at the expense of the Local Economic Partnerships (LEPs). This despite the fact that ministers are calling on LEPs to address problems relating to their leadership, governance and accountability.
Follow me @JimHancockUK
Posted on November 29, 2017 Categories Industrial StrategyTags Conservatives, Downing Street, Jeremy Corbyn, Lancashire, Liverpool, London, Manchester, MSD, Northern Powerhouse, PRODUCTIVITYLeave a comment on WILL INDUSTRIAL STRATEGY HELP PRODUCTIVITY ?
ENTERPRISE PARTNERSHIPS NEED SUPPORT
Since the late seventies there have been forty different schemes to boost economic activity in the North to help close the gap with the booming South East. Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs) are the latest initiative and their performance has come under the eagle eye of the National Audit Office (NAO).
Their findings matter because by 2021 £12bn of our money will be channelled through LEPs under the Local Growth Fund. However the NAO has just published a report saying many of them lack capacity, expertise, transparency and that they spend money on short term projects because of Whitehall funding conditions.
There are LEPs all across the North with Leeds awarded the largest Growth Deal so far, £627m. Greater Manchester tops the national table for money given to transport projects. Liverpool City Region has been well staffed from the outset having taken on the staff of the Mersey Partnership. Warrington and Cheshire LEP is boosted by Warrington's ability to take advantage of its excellent connectivity. With regard to Lancashire, Downtown recently hosted a top level conference at Brockholes where the ambition of the county to be part of the Northern Powerhouse was clear.
For all that there are major challenges facing our LEPs. For instance what exactly is their role in the Northern Powerhouse world of City Regions and elected mayors? The government wants LEPs centrally involved in the devolution deals they have recently signed. But LEPs have told the NAO they are uncertain of their role particularly when their boundaries are not aligned with city regions. The relationship between the business led LEPs and city region mayors, to be elected next year, remain unclear.
The idea behind LEPs was that senior business leaders would play prominent roles, but getting these busy people involved has proved difficult. The impression is sometimes given that the business representation on LEPs lacks heft and drive. The NAO calls for business to make a greater effort to be involved after years of complaints that such bodies were dominated by politicians.
Although LEPs are business led, they rely heavily on local councils for expertise. 69% of LEPs told the NAO they did not have enough staff of their own and 28% said they were not skilled enough. However local councils are under enormous pressure to empty bins and care for the elderly. There has been a 68% cut in Town Hall spending on economic development, the core function of LEPs.
LEPs have been around for a few years now, so how are they doing? Are they providing value for money? The NAO is critical about Whitehall's methods for answering that question. LEPs have admitted that pressure to spend money in a single financial year has sometimes led them to invest in "spade ready" schemes rather than ones that would be of longer term benefit.
LEPs also need to raise their profile with the public with greater media coverage and seek ways to be more democratically accountable. The danger of not putting down roots in the community was seen when the Coalition government was able to sweep away the Regional Development Agencies with little public reaction.
Posted on April 4, 2016 Categories Local Enterprise PartnershipsTags City Regions, Greater Manchester, Growth Deal, Lancashire, Liverpool City Region, Local Growth Fund, NAO, Northern Powerhouse, Regional Development Agencies, Town HallLeave a comment on ENTERPRISE PARTNERSHIPS NEED SUPPORT
DON'T ROCK THE REFERENDUM BOAT CHANCELLOR!
PETROL TAX IS TEMPTING TARGET FOR OSBORNE.
George Osborne is in danger of being caught in an ambush of his own making when he presents his budget next week.
He needs to keep voters sweet ahead of the EU referendum but recently announced that the optimistic note he struck at the time of the autumn statement has now gone flat. There was always a danger that mid term unpopularity might lead people to vote against the government for reasons unrelated to Europe. At the moment the Conservatives hold a healthy lead over Labour, but an unpopular budget with new cuts and tax rises could change that before June.
The Chancellor was too bullish in the autumn and now that the economic headwinds are beginning to blow, he is thrashing around for answers to keep his pledge of a budget surplus by 2020 intact. The suggestion of a major reform of pensions was a spectacular example of this. The idea was floated to remove tax relief on pension contributions rather than taxing withdrawals later in life. This would have been a complete reversal of the current position but would have given Mr Osborne more tax revenue now. The plan met severe criticism, not least because a future Chancellor might be tempted to tax withdrawals as well.
That pledge of a budget balance by 2020 is crucial if George Osborne is going to make a bid for the premiership, but it certainly restricts his room for manoeuvre as uncertainty persists on the international front. With growth forecasts cut and average earnings rising more slowly, tax revenues are not what he expected as recently as November.
Reaching for more cuts in public services is going to prove very difficult. The well reported difficulties faced by councils like Lancashire clearly show there is no low hanging fruit on the public spending tree. Indeed the Chancellor will need a long neck to munch much more. So let's nickname any more economies in this area, the giraffe cuts!
It is always difficult to predict what Chancellors will do, but I would be surprised if petrol duty remains frozen as it has been since 2011. With the drop in forecourt prices to around a pound a litre, this would be a relatively pain free area to raise tax. He ought to do something about taxing the amount of sugar we consume but there seems to be a reluctance to do so.
With virtually zero interest rates the climate remains favourable for investment and consumer growth remains strong. However the latter familiar development in the UK economy may be storing up trouble in the future. If only the manufacturing figures were as healthy.
Osborne will be entitled to say that his campaign to make multinationals pay their UK taxes is beginning to work. This is an essential development as people grow weary of the austerity agenda.
Wednesday's budget will be both a temporary distraction from debate on the EU referendum, whilst also potentially affecting its outcome. Osborne has been in post nearly six years now. He will need all his political skills to get through this Budget.
Posted on March 9, 2016 Categories EconomyTags Budget, Conservatives, Europe, George Osborne, Labour, Lancashire, Mr Osborne, tax, UKLeave a comment on DON'T ROCK THE REFERENDUM BOAT CHANCELLOR!
FRANTIC FOOTBALL AND DEVOLUTION DEADLINES.
REAL POWER OR A CONFUSING MESS?
This week the deadline passed for northern councils to submit their bids for devolved power. Will this herald the real start for a coherent, democratically run, Northern Powerhouse or a mishmash of devolved functions confusing to business and voters alike?
Government policy faces two ways on this issue. On the one hand they want requests for devolution to come from our city and county regions, allowing for a varied pattern to suit the area concerned. This is in the belief that one size doesn't fit all. On the other hand ministers are very firm in their belief that elected mayors are a condition for real "Manchester" style devolution.
As deadline day approached there were frantic moves across the North to get bids in. In some areas it mirrored football's transfer deadline day. But before surveying the complicated picture from Merseyside to Leeds, let's remind ourselves what this is all about and whether it matters to business.
Conservatives in the previous Coalition government were determined to dismantle the structure of regional power put in place by Labour. They believed that city regions provided the real engines for growth working alongside business driven Local Enterprise Partnerships. Many Labour city leaders agreed with them, particularly Sir Richard Leese, the leader of Manchester Council. He formed a powerful alliance with the Chancellor George Osborne in launching the concept of the Northern Powerhouse to link major cities like Leeds, Manchester and Liverpool together.
Greater Manchester struck a deal before the election to get widespread economic, housing and health powers. In return they reluctantly accepted an elected mayor. Former MP Tony Lloyd is filling that role on an interim basis.
Other cities in the North were much more reluctant to accept an elected mayor and perhaps hung back awaiting the outcome of the General Election. Now with a fully Conservative administration and a new Local Government Secretary, the choice has been simplified It's Greg Clarke's way or the highway.
The sort of powers that might be devolved are important for business. The skills gap, poor transport links, planning, and access to finance are some of the issues firms are concerned about and being able to influence policy locally rather than traipsing down to Whitehall must be good.
So as the deadline passes, what is the picture in the North? In Greater Manchester the deal is done whilst on Merseyside things remain complex. The bid, which is also a response to the general Spending Review, has been described as "a work in progress" by officials. Veteran Liverpool Lib Dem councillor Richard Kemp prefers "last minute" which he regards as the wrong approach when control of £4.5bn of expenditure is involved. The problem on Merseyside has been the difficult relationship between the leader of the City Region, Cllr Phil Davies of Wirral and the elected mayor of Liverpool Joe Anderson. The latter believes in an elected mayor for the sub region whereas other councils in the sub region see it as a recipe for a Liverpool takeover.
To the south Warrington and Cheshire Local Enterprise Partnership is putting in its own bid for devolved powers, not wishing to be overshadowed by the city based Northern Powerhouse.
Similar sentiments prevailed in Lancashire last week at a Downtown sponsored event. The county's leader Jennifer Mein pointed out they had the third largest economy in the North. Business wants a united bid for power but once again there are local sensitivities as Lancashire has to deal with Blackburn and Blackpool unitary authorities as well as 12 district councils.
In Yorkshire there has been a lively debate around three proposals. Some argue that the Yorkshire brand is known around the world and so the devolution deal should be county wide. Geoff Boycott for elected mayor anyone? Leeds remains convinced that a city region based solution is best involving some of the surrounding towns. Meanwhile a third group would like to contain Leeds and go for a North and East Yorkshire sub region.
This process across the North has lacked real input from the people and it will be down to Communities Secretary Greg Clarke to hand down decisions from the centre once again.
Posted on September 1, 2015 Categories DevolutionTags elected mayor, Geoff Boycott, It Greg Clarke, Lancashire, Liverpool Joe Anderson, Local Government Secretary, Merseyside, Northern Powerhouse, Sir Richard Leese, Spending ReviewLeave a comment on FRANTIC FOOTBALL AND DEVOLUTION DEADLINES.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So I have ten copies of the new Coco book to giveaway - who wants one?! Nothing fancy about this offer, how about the first ten residents of the U.S or Canada that leave a comment asking for a book, get one. Don't forget to leave your email so I can contact you for a mailing address.
Coming in late September, Lilly Diabetes will be embarking on a satellite media tour focused on providing tips and guidance for parents when preparing a child with type I diabetes for sleepovers. These radio and TV interviews will be given by Amy Hess Fischl, a CDE and dietitian and some guy named Scott who writes a blog or something. The advice will be based on my personal experiences and the learned advice of Ms. Fischl.
Here's a little more about Amy, me you've heard enough about this year to last a lifetime.
Amy Hess Fischl, M.S., R.D., L.D.N., BC-ADM, C.D.E.
University of Chicago Comprehensive Diabetes Center-Chicago, Ill.
For more than 15 years, Amy Hess Fischl, M.S., R.D., L.D.N., BC-ADM, C.D.E., has been educating and inspiring children and families living with diabetes. A Certified Diabetes Educator(r), registered dietitian and current coordinator of the Teen and Adolescent Diabetes Transition Program at the University of Chicago's Kovler Diabetes Center in Chicago, Amy has travelled across the country and around the world raising disease awareness and promoting the importance of proper diabetes care, particularly for children and young adults.
Lilly will provide transportation to and from New York (car ride), a stipend for expenses and one nights lodging. I don't yet have all of the details about the day, but I do hope that they are planning on feeding me at least twice. The Coco books were provided by Lilly but they are free through your Endocrinologist, just ask your doc for a copy (they can get them through their Lilly sales rep).


text:
San Pietro a Maida ist eine italienische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Catanzaro, Region Kalabrien.

Das Gebiet der Gemeinde liegt auf einer Höhe von 365 m über dem Meeresspiegel und umfasst eine Fläche von 16,3 km². Die sehr günstigen Bodenbedingungen für die Landwirtschaft, insbesondere der Anbau von Olivenbäumen, haben die Entwicklung dieser Kultur im Laufe der Zeit beschleunigt, so dass das Gebiet über eine große Olivenhainfläche für die landwirtschaftliche Nutzung verfügt. Die Nachbargemeinden sind Curinga, Jacurso, Lamezia Terme und Maida. San Pietro a Maida liegt 35 km westlich von Catanzaro und 17 km südlich von Lamenzia Terme.

Der Ort wurde von Mönchen um das Jahr 1000 gegründet.

Weblinks
 Informationen bei comuni-italiani.it (italienisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Kalabrien
Weinbauort in Italien

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
AliAnalysisTask *AddTaskCombinedHadronSpectra(Int_t identifier = 0, Bool_t isMC = kFALSE, Bool_t isTPConly = kFALSE, Bool_t writeOwnFile = kFALSE, Bool_t saveMotherPDG = kFALSE, Bool_t useEvenDcaBinning = kFALSE, Bool_t smallTHnSparse = kFALSE, Double_t nSigmaTPCLow= -3., Double_t nSigmaTPCHigh = 3., Double_t rapidityLow = -0.2, Double_t rapidityHigh = 0.2, Bool_t setTrackCuts = kFALSE, AliESDtrackCuts *ESDtrackCuts = 0){

  //get the current analysis manager
  AliAnalysisManager *mgr = AliAnalysisManager::GetAnalysisManager();
  if (!mgr) {
    Error("AddTask_janielsk_CombinedHadron", "No analysis manager found.");
    return 0;
  }
  //============= Set Task Name ===================
  TString taskName=("AliAnalysisCombinedHadronSpectra.cxx+g");
  //===============================================
  //            Load the task
  gROOT->LoadMacro(taskName.Data());

  //========= Add task to the ANALYSIS manager =====

  //normal tracks
  AliAnalysisCombinedHadronSpectra *task = new AliAnalysisCombinedHadronSpectra("janielskTaskCombinedHadron");
  task->SelectCollisionCandidates(AliVEvent::kMB);

  //switches
  if (isMC) task->SetIsMCtrue(isMC);
  if (isTPConly)task->SetUseTPConlyTracks(isTPConly);
  if (saveMotherPDG) task->SetSaveMotherPDG(saveMotherPDG);
  if (useEvenDcaBinning) task->SetEvenDCAbinning(kTRUE);
  if (smallTHnSparse){
    task->SetSmallTHnSparse(kTRUE);
    task->SetTPCnSigmaCuts(nSigmaTPCLow,nSigmaTPCHigh);
    task->SetRapidityCuts(rapidityLow,rapidityHigh);
  }

  //initialize task
  task->Initialize();

  //esd cuts need to be set after initialize or cuts will be replaced by standard cuts in initialize
  if (setTrackCuts) task->SetESDtrackCuts(ESDtrackCuts);

  //add task to manager
  mgr->AddTask(task);

  //================================================
  //              data containers
  //================================================
  //            find input container
  //below the trunk version
  AliAnalysisDataContainer *cinput  = mgr->GetCommonInputContainer();

/*
  //dumm output container
  AliAnalysisDataContainer *coutput0 =
      mgr->CreateContainer(Form("akalweit_tree%i",identifier),
                           TTree::Class(),
                           AliAnalysisManager::kExchangeContainer,
                           Form("akalweit_default%i",identifier));

  //define output containers, please use 'username'_'somename'
  AliAnalysisDataContainer *coutput1 =
      mgr->CreateContainer(Form("akalweit_CombinedHadron%i",identifier), TList::Class(),
                           AliAnalysisManager::kOutputContainer,Form("akalweit_CombinedHadron%i.root",identifier));
*/
  if (!writeOwnFile) {
  	AliAnalysisDataContainer *coutput1 =  mgr->CreateContainer(Form("janielsk_CombinedHadron%i",identifier), TList::Class(), AliAnalysisManager::kOutputContainer, Form("%s:janielsk_CombinedHadron", AliAnalysisManager::GetCommonFileName()));
	}
  else {
	AliAnalysisDataContainer *coutput1 =  mgr->CreateContainer(Form("janielsk_CombinedHadron%i",identifier), TList::Class(), AliAnalysisManager::kOutputContainer, Form("janielsk_CombinedHadron.root"));
	}

  //connect containers

  //
  mgr->ConnectInput  (task,  0, cinput );
  //mgr->ConnectOutput (task,  0, coutput0);
  mgr->ConnectOutput (task,  1, coutput1);

  return task;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Preacher: Simon Fry (4), Duncan Pratt (2), Sam Kendell (1), Owen Mudford (1), Paul Tack (1), Andy Johnston (1).
Series: Joshua (9), ChristChurch Hailsham (1).
Preached by Sam Kendell on March 26, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Joshua 10:1-43 (Part of the Joshua series).
Preached by Simon Fry on March 18, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Joshua 7:1-8:35 (Part of the Joshua series).
Preached by Simon Fry on February 25, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Preached by Simon Fry on February 11, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Preached by Paul Tack on February 4, 2018 (Sunday Morning).
Preached by Simon Fry on January 21, 2018 (Sunday Morning).


text:
60 Games Aren't Enough To Crown The Best MLB Team. But Neither Are 162 Games.
Jun. 24, 2020 , at 12:43 PM
By Neil Paine
Filed under MLB
Dodger Stadium will be open again soon for a 60-game season.
Robert Gauthier / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images
After a long, painful, drawn-out negotiating process that never actually yielded a new agreement between owners and players, it looks like Major League Baseball is going to happen in 2020 regardless. The regular season will be 60 games, starting around July 24 and lasting a little over two months, with a standard October postseason.
Needless to say, it will be a season unlike any other in modern MLB history: Major league teams haven't played a 60-game schedule since 1878. But does that mean it will give us a fluke champion, worthy of an asterisk? Maybe — although it's not like a 162-game schedule delivers as much of an ironclad champ as we might think, either.
[Related: Do Baseball's Labor Fights Drive Fans Away?]
To test how often the best team wins under different schedule lengths, I set up a simulation using our Elo ratings, which estimate each team's strength at any given moment. In the spirit of this classic piece of NFL research by Doug Drinen, I assigned each team a random Elo drawn from the actual distribution of real-life MLB ratings during the 2010s. Then I simulated the season 1,000 times, tracking how often the true best team — i.e., the one with the best underlying rating — made the playoffs and won the World Series.
In a 60-game season, with 40 games against division rivals and 20 against teams from the same division in the other league,1 the best team in baseball won the World Series just 145 times in 1,000 simulations, or about 15 percent of the time. It made the Fall Classic in only 23 percent of our simulations and made the playoffs, period, just 82 percent of the time. The eventual champion's average leaguewide talent ranking under a 60-game schedule was 7.1 — meaning the format usually yielded a solid top-10 team as champ but not one necessarily much better than that.
[Related: Does A Short-Season MLB Champ Deserve An Asterisk?]
That sounds pretty asterisk-worthy. But how different would a regular 162-game schedule be? Using last year's slate for reference, I ran another 1,000 simulations with the same methodology over a full-length season. In those results, the best team in baseball won the World Series 217 times, or basically 22 percent of the time. MLB's top-rated ballclub made the World Series about 32 percent of the time, and it made the playoffs over 96 percent of the time. (The average champion's talent ranking in a 162-game season was 5.2.) Those are all improvements — though maybe not quite as much as we might expect from nearly tripling the sample size of the regular season.
One reason 162 games didn't provide a larger boost in certainty over 60 games is that a baseball team's first 60 games in a season actually do give us a lot of information. When Eno Sarris of The Athletic looked into how a team's to-date winning percentage correlates to either its rest-of-season or eventual end-of-season winning percentage, he found that the correlation rises sharply over the first 60 games before slowing down from that point onward. It's not as though no information is gleaned from games 61 through 162, but the pace of knowledge gained per game is a lot slower.
This essentially matches up with my own research (itself based on the work of the great Tom Tango) comparing schedule lengths across sports. In MLB, the point in the schedule when a team's record is half-skill and half-luck is around 67 games, implying that randomness overshadows talent up to that moment of the season. Whether by intent or (more likely) coincidence, MLB's plan for the shortened 2020 schedule will at least give us the games that provide the most new information.
[Related: How Much Money Do MLB Players Really Make?]
Of course, a 162-game schedule would have been preferable (for many obvious reasons). According to my simulations above, the top seven teams in Elo talent collectively win the World Series about 14 percentage points less frequently under a 60-game slate than a 162-game one. This means teams ranked eighth through 30th win 14 percentage points more frequently under a shortened campaign, with the bulk of those gains coming for teams No. 8 through No. 15. Cinderella stories will be a lot more likely under this season's setup, if you like that kind of thing.
Subscribe to our sports podcast, Hot Takedown
More: Apple Podcasts | ESPN App | RSS |
<iframe frameborder="0" width="100%" height="180" style="margin:20px auto 25px;max-width:600px;" scrolling="no" src="https://fivethirtyeight.com/player/ht/29354132/"></iframe>
Another interesting note: The difference in expected World Series odds for the best team across the two schedule lengths is driven both by how often they make the postseason and how well they do once there. Conditional on actually getting into the playoffs, the championship probability for the best team is roughly 23 percent under the traditional setup and 18 percent under the new one — this despite the playoff format staying exactly the same as usual in 2020 after the players' union rejected a league proposal that would have included a 16-team expanded postseason. And in our pairs of seasons — one full-length and one shortened — the same team won the championship just 9 percent of the time.
[Related: Sammy Sosa And Mark McGwire, Welcome To Our Hall Of Pretty Damn Good Players]
So the shortened schedule will almost certainly change the course of baseball history. Whoever the true best team of 2020 is — whether it be the Dodgers, Yankees, Astros, Nationals or someone else — one big disadvantage will come in reduced playoff odds over the shortened regular season. (Essentially, the stretch run starts on opening day.) And once we're in the postseason, it will be the same old crapshoot as always. That was true under the usual system, but it might be even more true in this deeply strange 2020 mini-season.
How reports of a promising COVID-19 treatment was found to be fraudulent
All VideosYouTube
Twenty home games and 20 road games each among other teams in the division, and 10 home and road games each against the teams in the opposite league's corresponding division.
Neil Paine is a senior writer for FiveThirtyEight. @Neil_Paine
MLB (704 posts) Baseball (332) Return Of Sports (41) Sports Shutdown (31) Major League Baseball (11) 60-Game Season (2)
Why An Expert In Political Violence Is Worried About Civil War In The U.S.
How The 2022 Midterms Might Play Out
Do You Buy That ... Jan. 6 Strengthened Trump's Hold On The Republican Party?
How Healthy Is U.S. Democracy One Year After Jan. 6?
Want more FiveThirtyEight? Get our weekly most popular stories newsletter.
Get more FiveThirtyEight
Follow @FiveThirtyEight
Pitch FiveThirtyEight
Close Additional Information
Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and Safety Information/Your California Privacy Rights/Children's Online Privacy Policy are applicable to you. © 2022 ABC News Internet Ventures. All rights reserved. Interest-Based Ads. Cookie Policy.


Home Diseases	What is synercid's dosage and administration like?
What is synercid's dosage and administration like?
I am 32 years old and I have been suffering from a bacterial skin infection. The visible portions of my arms have got affected due to this. One of my friends is advising me to use synercid for my disease. As I haven't used it previously. I want to know from people about its dosage and administration!! Anybody used it previously who would like to make a comment?
How do I identify an insect bite?


text:
| COVID-19 Community Letters » October 1 2021
Dear Elk Grove Unified Students, Parents and Families,
It's October and we have awaited updates for you and information from our State's Governor to share. Also, we plan to shift to a bi-monthly update on District activities and focus back on video stories about our students, staff, programs and resources.
The EGUSD Athletic Department will host a Fall facility use sign-up meeting on Wednesday, October 6th at 5 p.m. in the EGUSD Board Room at 9510 Elk Grove-Florin Road. EGUSD is only offering outdoor fields at this time to youth groups that service EGUSD students. Visit the Sports Related Event Facilities Use Information webpage for more details.
The District continues to monitor Public Health information and will post updates to facility use as they become available. Updates will be posted on the Facilities Use website and an email will be sent to the email addresses on file for outside organizations when facilities become available. If you have any questions, please email schoolfacilities@egusd.net and staff will be able to assist you.
Don't forget! October 6th is Walk/Bike to School Day and with school now open, we want everyone to stay safe when walking or biking to school and ask parents to review these safety reminders to avoid accidents and injuries. Office of Traffic Safety Bicycle/Pedestrian Safety
PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY
With regard to today's announcement from California Governor Gavin Newsom, Elk Grove Unified School District Superintendent, Christopher R. Hoffman stated, "In addition to complying with the existing CDPH mandate to verify the vaccination status of all workers in TK-12 school settings and track weekly testing, we are reviewing the information shared by the Governor this morning related to mandating student vaccinations and we will comply with the order. We are hopeful that vaccines will play a large role in moving us out of the pandemic." The Governor's announcement remains contingent upon the issuance of full approval from the FDA, which would then be followed by a proposed timeline most likely for 2022.
Beginning on Monday, October 4, 2021, EGUSD will begin the employee vaccination status and tracking of testing verification process. In order to accommodate the need for weekly testing of staff and to provide an readily available option for families needing to complete a PCR test due to COVID-19 symptoms, on October 6, 2021, thanks to an agreement with COVID-Clinic, we will expand our testing capabilities and offer a PCR test location for students, their families and staff. This added resource will lessen the load on our COVID-19 isolation room staff and supplies plus offer our employees the option to test at their school site in the COSI room. You can download the attached flyer for information on the EGUSD COVID-Clinic locations and their hours of operation.
California Becomes First State in Nation to Announce COVID-19 Vaccine to List of Required School Vaccinations
Updated 2021-2022 Back to School During a Pandemic FAQ
EGUSD COVID-19 Dashboard FAQ
EGUSD Health & Safety Plan
EGUSD COVID-19 Web Page
Last week, Governor Newsom signed an amendment to AB 104 to allow school districts the option to extend the deadline for students who attended high school during the 2020 – 2021 school year to change grades to Pass/No Pass. Beginning today, October 1st, EGUSD will accept grade change request applications through October 15, 2021. Parents may download and complete the Grade Change Application for the 2020-2021 school year. Completed applications are to be submitted to the school office.
All high school students are invited to the virtual California College Fair during the month of October: October 2, 6, 9 & 16, 2021. For more information, download the California College Fairs Flyer and be sure to register by clicking the Registration Info link.
Our school district is growing, and we want to attract the best and brightest candidates to join the Elk Grove Unified School District team. EGUSD is in one of the most ethnically and racially diverse regions in the nation. We are committed to hiring practices that support our overall mission to provide diversity, equity and inclusion within the school community. We need your help to achieve this goal.
Save the Date! Upcoming Hiring Days
October 7th from 3:30pm to 5:30pm – Registration Info
October 14th from 3:30pm to 5:30pm
October 21st from 3:30pm to 5:30pm
EGUSD Employment Opportunities
Please visit our Employment page on our website.
EGUSD Board Meeting: October 5, 2021
District English Learner Advisory Committee (DELAC)
Contact: Lucy Bollinger, Director lbolling@egusd.net
District Advisory Committee (DAC) – Title I Schools
Contact: David Byrd, Director
dbyrd@egusd.net
Community Advisory Committee (CAC) – Special Education
Contact: Anne Rigali, Director
arigali@egusd.net
September 9, 2021, 6:00 – 7:30pm
October 14, 2021, 6:00 – 7:30pm
November 3, 2021, 6:00 – 7:30pm
November 4, 2021, 6:00 – 7:30*pm
November 4, 2021, 6:00 – 7:30pm*
January 12, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm
December 9, 2021, 6:00 – 7:30pm
January 13, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm*
March 9, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm
February 10, 2022, 6:00-7:00pm*
June 8, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm
March 10, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm*
*joint meeting with DELAC and DAC
Note: all meetings will be held on Zoom until otherwise notified
April 14, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm
May 12, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm*
June 16, 2022, 6:00 – 7:30pm*
Thank you and stay safe and stay healthy,
EGUSD Leadership
Remember to subscribe to the Elk Grove Unified School District's YouTube Channel.
Parent Updates/Community Letter Archives
EGUSD COVID-19 Page


text:
Olivier Messiaen (Avinyó, 10 de desembre de 1908 - Clichy, Île-de-France, 27 d'abril de 1992) va ser un compositor, organista i ornitòleg francès.

Va ser un dels compositors més importants del segle xx pels seus estudis sobre escales, ritmes i timbres. Important organista i també professor de la major part dels serialistes joves de postguerra de tot Europa. Autor de moltes obres importants com la Simfonia Turangalila, l'òpera Saint François d'Assise, Quatuor pour la fin du temps, Oiseaux exotiques, La Transfiguration de Notre Seigneur Jésus-Christ, Des canyons aux étoiles i un llarg etcètera en el qual s'inclou un ampli catàleg d'obres per a piano i orgue.

 Biografia
Fill d'una família de tradició literària, el seu pare Pierre Messiaen fou professor d'anglès, autor de la  traducció de les obres de William Shakespeare al francès, i la seva mare, Cécile Sauvage, era poetessa. A l'edat d'onze anys va ingressar en el Conservatori de París, on va estudiar orgue i composició. Va tenir com a professors Jean i Noël Gallon (harmonia, contrapunt i fuga) a Paul Dukas (composició), Maurice Emmanuel (història de la música), Charles-Marie Widor i Marcel Dupré (orgue). Dels germans Gallon, Messiaen va aprendre una tècnica musical forta, flexible, mentre que la brillantor sòlida de l'orquestració de Dukas en la seva òpera Ariane et Barbe-bleue (1907) va ser perceptible en obres orquestrals de Messiaen al llarg de la seva vida. Emmanuel li va transmetre el seu entusiasme pels modes grecs i hindús i Dupré va animar Messiaen en la seva inclinació per la improvisació, que va formar gran part del programa d'estudis d'orgue del Conservatori i de la qual Messiaen es va convertir en un mestre indiscutible.

Va ser designat organista de l'Església de La Trinitat de París el 1931, lloc que va ocupar fins a la seva mort. Interessat en el talent al violí de Claire Delbos, van fer junts recitals a París al començament dels anys 1930 i es van casar el 22 de juny de 1932. La compositora Claude Arrieu va ser la dama d'honor de Delbos. Messiaen va compondre Tema i variacions per a violí i piano com a present de casament per a la seva dona; la van interpretar junts el 22 de novembre. Durant els primers anys del seu casament van passar algunes vacances al Castell St Benoît, a Neussargues-Moissac, una casa pertanyent a la família Delbos que Messiaen trobava propícia a la composició, i on es va compondre la major part de l'obra més coneguda d'aquesta època: L'Ascension, quatre méditations symphoniques (L'Ascensió, quatre meditacions simfòniques). Composta i estrenada el 1932, es tracta d'una obra d'uns 27 minuts, escrita per a gran orquestra i posteriorment transcrita i readaptada per a orgue el 1933. La versió orquestral consta dels següents moviments:

 Majestat de Crist demanant la Gloria a Son Pare Alabances serenes d'una ànima que anhela el Cel Al·leluia de la trompeta i de la campana Pregària de Crist dirigint-se a Son PareLa composició Thème et variations anà seguida d'una altra obra per a violí que va compondre Messiaen per a la seva dona, Fantasia, no publicada fins a l'any 2007 o 2008.Paul Festa, Notes on the newly published score of Olivier Messiaen's Fantaisie for violin and piano (1933).Dingle, p. 49 Altres obres de Messiaen van ser compostes per celebrar la felicitat de la jove parella, per exemple Poemes per a Mi (el sobrenom afectuós donat per Messiaen a Claire Delbos) per a soprano i piano l'any 1936, que va arreglar per a soprano i orquestra l'any 1937.

Quan va esclatar la Segona Guerra Mundial Messiaen es va unir a l'exèrcit francès, però la seva mala vista li va impedir l'acció a la primera línia. L'any 1940 va ser arrestat com a presoner de guerra, i mentre estava empresonat va compondre Quatuor pour la fin du temps (Quartet per a la fi dels temps) per als quatre instruments que hi disposava: piano, violí, violoncel i clarinet. L'obra va ser estrenada per Messiaen i els seus amics presoners -(el violoncel·lista francès Átienne Pasquier, el clarinetista algerià Henri Akoka i el violinista francès Jean Le Boulaire)- al gener en el camp de presoners de Silèsia davant un públic entusiasta format per presoners.

En sortir de la presó el 1941, aviat va ser nomenat professor d'harmonia, i després professor de composició (1966) en el Conservatori de París, lloc que va mantenir fins al seu retir l'any 1978. L'any 1944 va publicar Technique de mon langage musical, on resumeix i explica els principis rítmics i harmònics de la seva música.

Les principals obres dels anys posteriors al 1940 van incloure una trilogia sobre la llegenda de Tristany: Harawi (1945), un cicle de cançons amb textos propis del compositor que invoquen la mitologia peruana, la Simfonia Turangalila (1946-8, revisada l'any 1990), i Cinq rechants per a cor (1949). Posteriorment, va seguir un període d'experimentació amb els procediments serials i numèrics en obres com el Quatre études de rythme per a piano (1949-1950) i el Livre d'orgue (1951).

Messiaen després va començar a treure profit del seu gran interès pels ocells, del que transcrivia personalment els seus cants. Les tres peces més importants en què utilitza cants d'ocells són Réveil des oiseaux per a piano i orquestra (1953), Oiseaux exotiques per a piano, vent i percussió (1955-6) i Catalogue d'oiseaux  per a piano (1956-8), on també i barreja els sons dels corrents, el vent i els capvespres. En aquestes peces encara es troben acords comuns (i molt estranyament sonen amb companyia atonal). Serà amb l'obra Chronochromie (1960), quan Messiaen abandoni els acords tonals. Aquesta obra és un dels seus treballs més durs i més impressionants, així com en unes altres tres obres on explora les sonoritats del vent i la percussió: Sept haï-kaï (1962), Couleurs de la cité céleste (1963), i Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum (1964).

El 1966 Messiaen va ser finalment nomenat professor de composició en el Conservatori de París, i l'any següent va ser elegit membre de l'Institut. Durant els següents vint-i-cinc anys, va continuar dedicant el seu temps a l'ensenyament, als seus deures de l'església, la composició, i a viatjar, tant per escoltar interpretacions de la seva música i per rastrejar i transcriure el cant d'aus exòtiques. Aquests juguen un paper en les seves últimes dues obres per a piano La Fauvette des jardins (1970) i la petita obra Petites esquisses d'oiseaux (1985). A aquestes dues també cal afegir La fauvette passerinette (1961). També ocupa un lloc destacat en la seva única òpera Saint François d'Assise  (1975-1983), que es va estrenar a l'Òpera de París el desembre de 1983. Les últimes obres de Messiaen seran dos cicles d'orgues Méditations sur le mystère de la Sainte-Trinité (1969) i Livre du Saint Sacrement, i quatre obres orquestrals: Un sourire  (1989), Un vitrail et des oiseaux (1986) La Ville d'En-Haut (1987) i la seva última obra acabada, Éclairs sur l'Au-delà.

 La seva música: influències i tècniques
La música de Messiaen és complexa (estava interessat en els ritmes de l'antiga Grècia i d'orígens indis), i es basa harmònicament i melòdicament en els modes de transposició limitada (com l'escala de tons o l'escala octatònica), que van ser una innovació pròpia de Messiaen. Moltes de les seves composicions representen el que ell va anomenar "els aspectes meravellosos de la fe", mostrant el seu indestructible catolicisme. Va viatjar extensament, i va escriure les obres inspirat per diverses influències com ara la música del Japó, el paisatge del Canyó de Bryce a Utah, i la vida de Sant Francesc d'Assís. Messiaen va experimentar un tipus suau de sinestèsia manifestada com una percepció de colors quan sentia certes harmonies. Per un breu període Messiaen va experimentar amb el serialisme integral, en el camp del qual és citat sovint com un innovador. El seu estil va absorbir moltes influències musicals exòtiques com ara el gamelan indonesi (la percussió de so determinat té sovint un paper prominent en les seves obres orquestrals), i també va usar les ones Martenot.

Messiaen va voler encarnar en la música una posició de contemplació extàtica. Les seves obres solen presentar una experiència de meditació concentrada sobre pocs materials, com un mantra musical. Messiaen no desenvolupa els temes, sinó que juxtaposa idees estàtiques. Això mostra la influència que va exercir sobre ell Debussy i Stravinski. Messiaen va utilitzar diverses tècniques que va descriure en l'obra La tècnica del meu llenguatge musical (1944).

L'ús innovador del color, la concepció personal de la relació entre el temps i la música, l'ús del cant dels ocells, i l'intent d'expressar profundes idees religioses, tot es combina de tal manera que fa quasi impossible confondre una composició de Messiaen amb una obra de qualsevol altre compositor clàssic occidental.

 La religió
Messiaen tenia una profunda fe catòlica i això li va portar algunes crítiques. Per una banda el públic religiós criticava les seves obres per tenir un llenguatge estrany i la crítica musical especialitzada el criticava per la seva insistència en temàtiques religioses, la falta de consideració per l'anomenada «musica absoluta» i pel que ells anomenaven «harmonies reaccionàries».

 Obres de temàtica religiosa
Messiaen era un catòlic devot, i va compondre un gran nombre de peces de temes religiosos. En són exemple el Quatuor pour la fin du temps, Vingt regards sur l'Enfant-Jesús (1944) per a piano, la seva òpera Sant Francesc d'Asís (1975-1983) així com nombroses peces per a orgue.

 Sinestèsia
Messiaen tenia sinestèsia, és a dir, percebia els sons com a colors. O més ben dit, més que els sons el que percebia com a colors eren els intervals. En el seu llibre, així com en prefacis i fins i tot en el mateix cos de les seves partitures es pot trobar passatges d'enorme potència descriptiva del color, arribant a incloure com a guia per al director, el color de determinats passatges.

 Obres d'influència sinestèsica
En algunes de les seves partitures, Messiaen va anotar els colors de la música, especialment a Couleurs de la Cité Céleste i en Des canyons aux étoiles. El propòsit era ajudar al director en la interpretació, més que per a especificar quins colors havia d'experimentar l'oient.

 Els ocells

Messiaen estava fascinat pel cant dels ocells; deia que els ocells eren els millors músics i es considerava tant un ornitòleg com un compositor. Transcrivia el cant dels ocells en els seus viatges per tot el món, i va incorporar les transcripcions d'aquests cants en gran part de les seves obres, en les quals es transmet una sensació de contemplació dels dons de la naturalesa i del que és diví.

 Obres amb cants d'ocells
Les obres més conegudes on incorpora cant d'ocells són: Réveil des oiseaux per a piano i orquestra (1953), Oiseaux exotiques per a piano, vent i percussió (1955-6), Catalogue d'oiseaux  per a piano (1956-8), La Fauvette des jardins (1970) per a piano i Petites esquisses d'oiseaux  (1985) també per a piano.

 Modes de transposició limitada
Els modes de transposició limitada són col·leccions de notes, com escales de tons enters o les octatòniques, que no es transformen quan es transporten a certs intervals. La seva principal característica és que no generen la necessitat de resolució, el que les converteix en una eina ideal per a compondre música contemplativa.

 L'harmonia de Messiaen
Messiaen sempre evita la resolució. Genera sèries d'acords que es repeteixen de tal manera que aconsegueix generar la sensació de contemplació o meditació.

 El ritme
Messiaen veu el ritme com un element de duració, no com a compàs, ja que la sèrie d'accents que genera el compàs per ell representen una característica humana i mundana. De tal manera que quan en lloc de moure'ns pels accents en fixem en les duracions, estem en l'àmbit del temps, que està controlat per la divinitat. Messiaen utilitzava el recurs de la talea'', un esquema rítmic repetitiu de l'isoritme medieval per tal de generar una repetició cíclica, que altra vegada et conviden a la contemplació.

Alumnes de Messiaen
Entre els seus distingits alumnes s'hi troben:

 Jean-Louis Martinet,
 Claude Prey,
 Karel Goeyvaerts,
 Alexander Goehr,
 Pierre Boulez,
 Yvonne Loriod (qui després seria la segona esposa de Messiaen),
 Karlheinz Stockhausen,
 Serge Nigg,
 Milko Kelemen,
 Jean Barraqué,
 Tristan Murail,
 Michaël Lévinas,
 Gérard Grisey,
 Jean-Louis Florentz,
 George Benjamin,
 Luc Ferrari,
 Alexander Kaul,
 Maurice Le Roux,
 Ida Gotkovsky,
 Armin Schibler.
 Gisele Barreau
 Michèle Reverdy
 Melanie Ruth Daiken
 Betsy Jolas

El fet que cada un dels seus alumnes recorregués un camí particular i independent resulta un tribut a la qualitat i imparcialitat de les ensenyances de Messiaen.

Premis i reconeixements
 Va rebre el Premi Erasmus per la seva contribució a la construcció d'Europa.

Referències

Vegeu també
 Criptografia musical.

Compositors francesos del segle XX
Ornitòlegs francesos
Organistes francesos
Guanyadors del Premi Erasmus
Comanadors de l'Orde del Mèrit de la República Federal d'Alemanya
Comandant de l'orde de la Corona (Bèlgica)
Alumnes del Conservatoire de Paris
Professors del Conservatoire de Paris
Gran Creu de la Legió d'Honor
Morts a Clichy-sur-Seine
Professors de l'École Normale de Musique de Paris
Compositors de música concreta
Doctors honoris causa per la Universitat de Sydney
Comanadors de les Arts i les Lletres
Biòlegs de Provença-Alps-Costa Blava
Músics avinyonesos
Naixements del 1908
Morts el 1992


the best massage in jimbaran | jamahal private resort & SPA | the multiple awards wining boutique hotel is the best kept secrets for a luxury honeymoon in Bali the best massage in jimbaran | jamahal private resort & spa the multiple awards wining boutique hotel is the best kept secrets for a luxury honeymoon in Bali.
The Master Villa was absolutely breathtaking. It consists of two adjoining villas, meant for two couples to vacation together. I'll let the photos speak for themselves.
It's hard to see since the bathroom is so huge but in the corner is the rainforest style shower head.
My boyfriend is quite a picky eater but he loved the chicken cordon bleu, it was served with a side of yellow rice.


text:
'use strict';

venueDetailsModalFactory.$inject = ['$q', '$rootScope', '$modal'];
angular.module('iTravelApp').factory('venueDetailsModal', venueDetailsModalFactory);

function venueDetailsModalFactory($q, $rootScope, $modal) {
	return {
		'showModal': function(targetVenue) {
			console.log('venueDetailsModal.showModal is called, targetVenue:', targetVenue);
			$modal.open({
				animation: true,
				templateUrl: 'templates/venues/venueDetailsModal.html',
				size: 'lg',
				controller: 'VenueDetailsModalCtrl',
				resolve: {
					targetVenue: function() { return targetVenue; }
				}
			});
		}
	};
}


text:
Latest on Lallana's World Cup hopes and futures of 2 loanees – Liverpool FC News Roundup
Liverpool FC Transfer Rumours
We round up all the latest Liverpool news and rumours on Wednesday, including excellent words from our No. 21 and updates on two loanees.
Salah Makes PFA Team of the Year
Earlier in April, Mohamed Salah made history as the first player to win the Premier League's Player of the Month award three times in a single season.
And in Saturday's 3-0 win over Bournemouth the Egyptian winger netted his 40th goal in a record-breaking campaign that has seen him cement himself as one of Liverpool's best-ever signings.
Nominated for the PFA Player of the Year award on Saturday, Salah is widely expected to vie with Kevin De Bruyne for the top prize on April 22.
Both have been recognised as part of the Team of the Year, with the PFA announcing the selection on Wednesday morning—but the likes of Andy Robertson and Roberto Firmino miss out.
PFA Team of the Year: De Gea; Walker, Otamendi, Vertonghen, Alonso; De Bruyne, Silva, Eriksen; Salah, Kane, Aguero
Ox Loving It at Liverpool
Since his £35 million move from Arsenal in August, Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain has won over plenty of admirers at Liverpool for his attitude on and off the pitch.
The 24-year-old has scored five and assisted seven in 40 games for the Reds so far, and is swiftly establishing as an important first-team regular under Jurgen Klopp.
It took a bold step to leave the comforts of the Emirates for a new challenge, but speaking to LiverpoolFC.com the No. 21 insisted it was the right decision:
"I love it. It's not hard to go and enjoy it when you go out there and you hear the fans singing.
"Again [Saturday] was amazing. It's not hard to enjoy your football here, really.
"The buzz around the city at the moment is amazing. As a player, you can't thank people enough for that, they are the moments you dream of as a young lad.
"To play for a club like Liverpool that has support like this and to see the appreciation from the fans, it just makes me want to go on the pitch and every time we can keep making them happy."
Lallana's World Cup Hopes Dashed?
Adam Lallana is currently in South Africa as he continues rehabilitation on a hamstring injury that has ruled him out for the last four games.
The 29-year-old is facing a race against time to make his comeback for Liverpool this season, with a potential seven games left to play.
While Klopp is likely to take a more cautious approach to Lallana's return, the midfielder will be desperate to prove his fitness as, according to the Times, he could miss out on a World Cup place.
This comes due to the resurgence in form of Jonjo Shelvey at Newcastle United, with Gareth Southgate considering the ex-Liverpool man as an alternative to Lallana and Jack Wilshere.
Given Lallana has played so little football this season and Shelvey is producing a series of impressive displays at St James' Park, few could argue with this decision.
Awoniyi to Take Next Step on Loan
Liverpool striker Taiwo Awoniyi is enjoying his best-ever season on loan at Royal Excel Mouscron, currently the Belgian side's top goalscorer with 10 in 31 appearances.
The 20-year-old's key role at Mouscron could be crucial as the Reds apply for a UK work permit in the future, though he is still likely to spend next campaign away from Merseyside too.
According to Nigerian outlet Megasports Arena, both Anderlecht and Club Brugge are interested in securing his services for 2018/19.
Awoniyi has settled well in Belgium, and with Brugge and Anderlecht both set for either the Champions League or the Europa League next term this could be the next step in his development.
If he continues to shine away from Liverpool, the hope is he can prove his worth to Klopp in the long term.
Randall Future Uncertain After Hearts Spell
One loanee whose season has been less profitable, however, is Connor Randall who, after a bright start at Hearts, has fallen down the pecking order in Edinburgh.
Having initially impressed under Ian Cathro in an unorthodox role in the middle of the park, the appointment of Craig Levein as new manager in August saw him return to right-back.
There his game time has suffered, and according to the Edinburgh Evening News Randall is set to make his way back to Liverpool at the end of the season.
This comes despite Hearts being eager to retain fellow loanees Joaquim Adao, Demetri Mitchell, David Milinkovic and Steven Naismith, highlighting Randall's lack of prospects in Scotland.
With the Reds' right-back ranks as well-stocked as ever, there is no chance Randall will stay at Anfield long after his loan expires.
More: Adam Lallana, Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, Connor Randall, Mohamed Salah, Taiwo Awoniyi


text:
ACFNY Presents: Ensemble SD's Breaking News
Doors: 7pm | Show: 8pm
Presale: $15/20 | Doors: $25/20
2/3/4/5/A/C/G/D/M/N/R/B/Q/LIRR
Save Event: ACFNY Presents: Ensemble SD's Breaking News
Add to my calendar Exhibition: ACFNY Presents: Ensemble SD's Breaking News in New York
Share ACFNY Presents: Ensemble SD's Breaking News
Share Exhibition: ACFNY Presents: Ensemble SD's Breaking News in New York
Austrian ensemble Ensemble SD presents an evening of US premieres and performances of commissioned pieces by George Lewis and Oxana Omelchuk, followed by works by Johannes Kreidler, John Zorn, and others.
The key work for the concert is George Lewis' new piece commissioned by the group, followed by another commissioned piece by Belarusian composer Oxana Omelchuk, features two solo trombones. Both pieces will be premiered in October during the 50th edition of musikprotokoll, one of the most important festivals for new music, held in Graz, Austria. The second half of the program will be dedicated a collection of short pieces for smaller ensembles, including Johannes Kreidler's concept piece "Charts Music," composed with the aid of stock exchange and trading charts.
Founded in 2005 for the first JazzWerkstatt Wien festival, Ensemble SD started as big band, but has since morphed to perform in various permutations, depending on the project. The group operates on the borders between diverse subgenres of contemporary music: improvisation, new music, jazz, and (art) rock, and others. Ensemble SD curates and produces new programs, concert series, and recordings, working alone or in cooperation with large institutions. In 2016, Ensemble SD brought new programs to several internationally-renowned stages as Wien Modern, Kampnagel Hamburg, musikprotokoll graz, and the Tagen für Neue Musik in Zurich. The ensemble also presented works Anthony Braxton, George Lewis, Cornelius Cardew, George Crumb, and others during a four-concert series at Vienna's Porgy & Bess. Past guest soloists and collaborations with Ensemble SD include Vinko Globokar, Elliott Sharp, Michel Doneda, and Friedrich Cerha.
Johannes Kreidler (1980) – Charts Music
George Lewis (1952) – New Work
Oxana Omelchuk (1975) – wow and flutter
Caitlin Smith (1983) – Wie schön ist es zu leben
Christoph Walder (1967) – vozmozhnost
John Zorn (1953) – Ceremonial Magic
What's on in New York?Toggle
There are 60 current events in New York. Find out what's opening soon and what's popular
Facebook Roulette
Twitter @roulette_tweets
InstagramRoulette
Save / follow roulette 1
This page was added 12th October 2017, 16:50 by roulette


Welcome to Ashland Veterinary Hospital. We are pleased that you have chosen us for the care of your animal friends. We pledge to do our best to provide you with the highest quality service in a caring professional environment.
Proudly serving Ashland, Hanover, Mechanicsville, Glen Allen, Montpelier, Doswell, Richmond, and surrounding areas for over 50 years.
Refer a friend and you each save $15.00 on your next doctor visit! Ask our staff for details.


New listings ticked upward in the Portland metro area this May. At 4,388 strong, new listings outpaced May 2016 (4,144) by 5.9% and April 2017 (3,759) by 16.7%. This was the strongest May for new listings in the area since 2008, when 5,182 new listings were offered.
Closed sales (2,896) exactly matched May 2016 and showed a 30.5% increase over last month in April 2017.
Pending sales, at 3,435, fell 3.6% shy of the 3,563 offers accepted last year in May 2016 but still outpaced last month, April 2017 (3,088), by 11.2%.
Total market time decreased by three days in May, landing at 39 days. During the same period, inventory edged downward to 1.5 months.
Activity has been cooler so far in 2017 compared to 2016. New listings (16,696) are down 3.4%, closed sales (11,510) are down 5.4%, and pending sales (13,469) are down 7.8%.
Prices continue to rise in the Portland metro area. Comparing 2017 to 2016 through May, the average sale price rose 10.7% from $383,000 to $423,800. In the same comparison, the median sale price rose 10.7% from $334,200 to $370,000.


courag Drop Dead Diva dvd set 6 eous and prudent course the main theme of solidarity In Ju friends dge Diane Avent's courtroom. Diatribe 62 academic a scholarship; Barbados and Canada 巴哈马 伯利兹 古巴 Salvador. because before high school. three had planned a year, the train was late. now NCIS Los Angeles 1-5 older) are now older) after the new route opened ③.
Charlotte Personal Training Blog & News section is a place where you can find all important information related to health and fitness.
You may encounter Office error code 0-1012 while installing, repairing or updating Office 365, 2013 or 2016. Please follow the below steps carefully to fix the Office error code 0-1012 problem.


It is important to always keep up with new products and toss out old ones. But how do you know when to toss it out!?
Castor oil is a very thick oil. You can mix castor oil with almond oil. You can do 50/50 ratio.My recommendation to apply on your hair in the evening. Put a towel on your pillow. Sleep with it and in the morning do your shampoo.You might have to use more shampoo than usual. But it will make your hair healthy and soft . Repeat this process every week.In a month or so you will see lot difference on your hair.


Flyer with more information is located at the back of church. Please plan to attend one of these session and help the Carmelite Stars earn grant money from the ARCHKCK. Guest speaker is Dr. Laurie Heap and the theme is "Thrive!" Thank you!


text:
Film & Theater Personalities
Elia Kazan Biography
Elia Kazan was a Greek-American film and stage director known for many hit plays and movies. This biography provides detailed information on his childhood, life, film & stage career, achievements and timeline.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Elia_Kazan.JPG
http://theredlist.com/media/database/films/cinema/directors-/elia-kazan/011-elia-kazan-theredlist.jpg
Birthday: September 7, 1909
Nationality: American, Greek, Turkish
Famous: Directors T V & Movie Producers
Sun Sign: Virgo
Also Known As: Elias Kazantzoglou
Born Country: Turkey
Born in: Constantinople, Greece (modern day Istanbul, Turkey)
Famous as: Director, Actor, Producer
Spouse/Ex-: Barbara Loden (m. 1967–1980; her death), Frances Rudge (m. 1982–2003; his death), Molly Day Thacher (m. 1932–1963; her death)
father: George Kazanjoglous
mother: Athena Sishmanoglou
children: 5 including Nicholas Kazan (son)
Died on: September 28, 2003
place of death: Manhattan, New York City, United States
City: Istanbul, Turkey
Michael Cacoyannis
Langston Fishburne
Elia Kazan was a Greek-American film and stage director known for many hit plays and movies. He was also a successful actor in many Broadway plays and had produced plays as well. He was known both as a great director as well as controversial person who had named eight people of the disbanded 'Group Theatre' in New York to be members of the Communist Party to the 'House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)'. He also admitted that he had been one of the members himself but had left the party a long time ago. This led to the blacklisting of these eight people who could no longer work in films. This incident gave rise to a great deal of resentment against Kazan which followed him till his death. People resented his action and expressed the feeling that Eliza could have found work on the Broadway as there was a great demand for him as a great director there. They argued that he could have defied the HUAC instead of giving in as one of his best friends Arthur Miller did for which Miller was jailed for time. It was a controversy that continued for many years after his death.
Theater Personalities
Elia Kazan was born as Elia Kazanjoglous in Istanbul, Turkey on September 7, 1909. His father was George Kazanjoglous and his mother was Athena Sishmanoglou. He had a younger brother, Avraam.
The family moved to New York City in 1913 and shortened the last name to 'Kazan'.
Elia studied at public schools in New York City and graduated from the 'New Rochelle High School' in New Rochelle, New York.
After finishing high school he enrolled at the 'Williams College' and graduated from there in 1930.
He studied acting at the 'Yale University' from 1930 to 1932.
Greek Men
Turkish Men
He joined the experimental 'Group Theater' in New York in the 1932.
He started directing plays when the 'Group Theater' was disbanded in 1941.
In 1942 he directed the play 'The Skin of Our Teeth' written by Thornton Wilder.
He directed his first film 'A Tree Grows in Brooklyn' in 1945. His next film was 'Gentleman's Agreement' in 1947.
In 1947 he co-founded the 'Actors Studio' in New York with Cheryl Crawford and Robert Lewis.
He directed two of Arthur Miller's plays 'All My Sons' in 1947, 'A Streetcar Named Desire' in 1947 and 'Death of a Salesman' in 1949. In 1949 he made the film 'Pinky'.
During the 1950s he directed the Tennessee William plays 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' and 'Sweet Bird of Youth'.
He made the film 'Panic in the Streets' in 1950.
He then moved to Hollywood in 1951 to direct a film version of 'A Streetcar Named Desire'.
In 1952 he directed 'Viva Zapata' a biopic of the Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata.
Kazan made the film 'On The Waterfront' in 1954.
In 1955 he directed 'East of Eden', 'Baby Doll' in 1956 and 'Wild River' in 1960.
He directed the play 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof' in 1956 and 'The Dark at the Top of the Stairs' in 1958.
He directed the play 'Sweet Bird of Youth' in 1960.
During the 1960s he made 'Wild River', 'Splendor in the Grass' and 'America America'.
In 1964 he directed a stage production of Arthur Miller's 'After the Fall'.
In 1976 he made his last film 'The Last Tycoon'.
Greek Directors
Turkish Directors
American Directors
American TV & Movie Producers
Elia Kazan wrote many novels such as 'America America' and 'The Arrangement' during the 1960s and the 1970s.
He published his biography 'Elia Kazan: A Life' in 1988.
American Theater Personalities
Greek Film & Theater Personalities
Turkish Film & Theater Personalities
American Film & Theater Personalities
Elia Kazan received a 'Tony Award' for 'Best Direction' in 1947 for 'All My Sons'.
In 1948 he won an 'Academy Award for Best Director', the 'Golden Globe Award' for 'Best Motion Picture Director' along with a nomination for the 'Leone d'Oro' or 'Golden Lion' award at the 'Venice Film Festival' for 'Gentleman's Agreement'.
In 1949 he received another 'Tony Award' for 'Best Director' for 'Death of a Salesman'.
In 1950 Kazan won the 'International Award' and was nominated for the 'Leone d'Oro' at the 'Venice Film Festival' for 'Panic in the Streets'.
In 1951 he won a 'Special Jury Prize' and received a nomination for the 'Leone d'Oro' at the 'Venice Film Festival' for 'A Streetcar Named Desire'.
In 1952 he received an 'Academy Award' nomination for 'Best Director' for 'A Streetcar Named Desire' and a nomination for the 'Grand Prize of the Festival' for 'Viva Zapata' at the 'Cannes Film Festival'.
In 1953 he received nominations for 'Best Film from any Source' from the 'British Academy Film Awards' for 'A Streetcar Named Desire' and 'Viva Zapata'. He also got a nomination for the 'Golden Bear' award for 'Man on a Tightrope' at the 'Berlin Film Festival' in the same year.
In 1954 he won an 'Academy Award' for Best Director' and 'Golden Globe Award' for 'Best Motion Picture Director' along with the 'Italian Film Critics Award', the 'Leone d'Argento' or 'Silver Lion' award and a nomination for the 'Leone d'Oro' at the 'Venice Film Festival' for 'On The Waterfront'.
In 1955 Kazan won 'Best Dramatic Film' award and was nominated for the 'Palm d'Or' or 'Golden Palm Award' for 'East of Eden' at the Cannes Film Festival, and the 'OCIC Award' for 'On The Waterfront' at the Venice Film Festival. He also got a nomination for the 'Best Film from any Source' from the 'British Academy Film Awards' for the same film.
In 1956 he received a nomination for the 'Tony Award' for 'Best Director', an 'Academy Award' nomination for 'Best Director' for 'East of Eden' and also a nomination for the 'Best Film from any Source' from the 'British Academy Film Awards' for 'Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'.
In 1957 he received a nomination for the 'Best Film from any Source' from the 'British Academy Film Awards' for 'Baby Doll'.
He received the 'Connor Award' from the 'Phi Alpha Tau' fraternity based at 'Emerson College, Boston' in Massachusetts in 1958.
In 1958 he won the 'Golden Globe Award' for 'Best Motion Picture Director' for 'Baby Doll' and also received a nomination for the 'Tony Award' for 'Best Director' and 'Best Play' for 'The Dark at the Top of the Stairs'.
He won his third 'Tony Award' for 'Best Director' for 'J. B.' in 1959.
In 1960 he received a 'Tony Award' nomination for 'Best Director' for 'Sweet Bird of Youth' and a nomination for the 'Golden Bear' award for 'Wild River' at the 'Berlin Film Festival'.
In 1964 he won the 'Golden Globe Award' for 'Best Motion Picture' and received Oscar nominations for 'Best Director', 'Best Picture' and 'Best Adapted Screen Play' for 'America America'.
In 1965 Elia received a 'Tony Award' nomination for 'Best Producer' for 'Tartuffe'.
In 1972 Kazan was nominated for the 'Palm d'Or' or the 'Golden Palm' award at the 'Cannes Film Festival'.
He was made a 'Kennedy Center Honoree' in 1983.
In 1996 he received a nomination for an 'Honorary Golden Bear' award at the Berlin Film Festival.
An honorary 'Lifetime Achievement Award' was presented to Kazan in 1999.
Virgo Men
He married playwright Molly Day Thatcher on December 5, 1932. He had four children from this marriage - Judy, Christopher, Nicholas and Katharine.
He married actress Barbara Loden on June 5, 1967. He had two children from this marriage - Leo and Marco.
He married Frances Rudge in 1982.
He was given a star on the Hollywood 'Walk of Fame' and was made a member of the 'American Theater Hall of Fame'.
Elia Kazan died in Manhattan, New York City on September 28, 2003 at the age of 94.
He was a given the nickname 'Gadge' from 'gadget' as he could fix everything such as a handyman.
Elia Kazan Movies
On the Waterfront (1954)
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)
East of Eden (1955)
A Face in the Crowd (1957)
The People of the Cumberland (1937)
America America (1963)
Splendor in the Grass (1961)
1. On the Waterfront (1954)
(Thriller, Crime, Drama)
2. A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)
(Drama, Romance)
3. East of Eden (1955)
(Drama)
4. A Face in the Crowd (1957)
(Drama, Music)
5. A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
6. The People of the Cumberland (1937)
(Short, Documentary)
7. America America (1963)
8. Splendor in the Grass (1961)
Academy Awards(Oscars)
1955 Best Director On the Waterfront (1954)
1948 Best Director Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
1964 Best Director America America (1963)
1957 Best Director Baby Doll (1956)
Quote Of The Day | Top 100 Quotes
See the events in life of Elia Kazan in Chronological Order
Elia Kazan Bio As PDF
- Elia Kazan Biography
- https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/elia-kazan-7673.php
7th September In History
(Greek)
Eli Craig
20th Century | Celebrity Names With Letter E | 20th Century Directors | Male Celebrity Names With Letter E | 20th Century T V & Movie Producers | 20th Century Film & Theater Personalities | 20th Century American Film & Theater Personalities


The world of commerce gets smaller and smaller every day, as processes are made faster, connectivity is increased, and technologies are developed that allow us to do business with every corner of the world. Even very small businesses can now think about selling their products and services around the globe – is it time you considered doing the same?
Trading in other countries is not always going to be like trading in your own. Often, you'll encounter hardly any differences at all, but if you're going further afield, there may be major differences. Taxes and other financial aspects like this are relatively obvious, but one of the things that does catch people out is the fact that there are differing regulations for products around the world. Certain items – toys in particular – have strict regulations in some places that you might not have thought about. It's very important to be aware of all legislation in the country you're doing business. As well as this, sales and customer services support can be difficult if you're interacting in a different language, and you may face difficulties finding the right staff. Getting things wrong can cause legal issues as well as financial ones.
Actually, getting your products to their destination is worth thinking about too. We all know how easy it is to send a parcel as far afield as somewhere like China, but when you start adding up the costs, it can end up being difficult to be competitive if you're sending individual items. Sometimes it's better to send things in bulk, and then have them distributed there for you. It all depends on the price of your products, and whether they're worth sending individually or not.
If you think that you can easily begin sending your products abroad, and it won't be a detriment to your current business, then it's well worth it. Do your research beforehand and you could widen your customer base orders to far more than what you've got now.


text:
Rogers + Hammerstein's Cinderella at Fox Theatre Detroit
Mom Among Chaos January 31, 2019 Add Comment 2019 , Fox Theater , January , Metro detroit Edit
Mom Among Chaos received tickets to facilitate this post. All opinions are my own. Rogers + Hammerstein's Cinderella at Fox Theatre Detroit
Rodgers + Hammerstein's CINDERELLA, the 2013 Tony® Award-winning Broadway musical from the creators of The King & I and The Sound of Music, will play the Fox Theatre for a limited engagement from Friday, March 29 through Sunday, March 31 as part of the Fox Theatre Series.
Tickets (starting at $34) are on sale now and can be purchased at 313Presents.com, Little Caesars Arena XFINITY box office and Ticketmaster.com. To charge tickets by phone, call (800) 745-3000.
Fox Theatre Series subscription packages and discounts for groups of 10+ are available by calling the Olympia Entertainment Group Sales Department at (313) 471-3099. Subscription packages include savings of up to 20 percent when purchasing three or more Fox Theatre Series titles.
With its fresh new take on the beloved tale of a young woman who is transformed from a chambermaid into a princess, this hilarious and romantic Rodgers + Hammerstein's CINDERELLA combines the story's classic elements – glass slippers, pumpkin, and a beautiful ball along with some surprising twists. More than just a pretty face with the right shoe size, this Cinderella is a contemporary figure living in a fairytale setting. She is a spirited young woman with savvy and soul who doesn't let her rags or her gowns trip her up in her quest for kindness, compassion and forgiveness. She longs to escape the drudgery of her work at home and instead work to make the world a better place. She not only fights for her own dreams, but forces the prince to open his eyes to the world around him and realize his dreams too.
Rodgers + Hammerstein's CINDERELLA has music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, a new book by Douglas Carter Beane and original book by Oscar Hammerstein II. Originally directed by Mark Brokaw and choreographed by Josh Rhodes, the tour is directed by Gina Rattan and choreographed by Lee Wilkins. Music adaptation and arrangements are by David Chase and music supervision is by Greg Anthony Rassen. Orchestrations are by Bill Elliott and are adapted from the original Broadway orchestrations by Danny Troob.
One of Rodgers + Hammerstein's most popular titles, Rodgers + Hammerstein's CINDERELLA was written for television -- debuting in 1957 starring Julie Andrews. In 2013, the show made its long-overdue Broadway debut. Along with CINDERELLA, Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein's legendary musicals include OKLAHOMA!, Carousel, The King and I, South Pacific and The Sound of Music.
Mr. Beane's book for Rodgers + Hammerstein's CINDERELLA blends masterfully with the musical's cherished score with songs including "In My Own Little Corner," "Impossible/It's Possible," "Ten Minutes Ago" and "Do I Love You Because You're Beautiful?"
The creative team includes scenic design by Tony® Award nominee Anna Louizos, costume design by six-time Tony® Award-winner William Ivey Long, lighting design by Tony® Award-winner Kenneth Posner and sound design by Tony® Award nominee Nevin Steinberg.
The Rodgers + Hammerstein's CINDERELLA tour is produced by Work Light Productions. CINDERELLA was produced on Broadway by Robyn Goodman, Jill Furman, Stephen Kocis, Edward Walson, Venetian Glass Productions, The Araca Group, Luigi Caiola & Rose Caiola, Roy Furman, Walt Grossman, Peter May/Sanford Robertson, Glass Slipper Productions LLC/Eric Schmidt, Ted Liebowitz/James Spry, Blanket Fort Productions and in association with Center Theatre Group.
Facebook: Facebook.com/CinderellaTheMusical
Twitter: @CinderellaBway
Performance Schedule:
Friday, March 29 7:30 p.m.
Saturday, March 30 2 p.m. & 7:30 p.m.
Sunday, March 31 1 p.m. & 6:30 p.m.


We help you liquidate your assets quickly and efficiently.
When you need to sell equipment, inventory, machinery, fleet vehicles, or a complete business, we provide the entire solution to do so quickly and efficiently with accelerated competitive bidding. Whether it is a live, online or sealed bid auction, we generate industry-specific marketing and customized advertising. This promotes your assets in a strategic way which increases the amount and quality of interested buyers to ensure the best results for your auction event.
We have been helping business owners and corporations since 1960. Our experience with local, regional and national companies provides you with team of skilled professionals to help you with a convenient, stress free solution.
H.K. Keller provides you with peace of mind as we oversee and manage the entire process from start to finish. We handle the cataloging of items for sale, marketing, photography, onsite inspections, buyer communications, item pickup and load out, itemized reporting and payment processing to make your life easier.
We understand time is money, and so is square footage space. If you need to vacate, relocate quickly or have critical dates to make a move, we create a specialized plan to market and sell your assets within your schedule.
Our clients include the fields of manufacturing, food services, hospitality, retail, automotive, building materials, machinery, fleet and transportation services, office facilities, audio/video/lighting, medical, dental, vision, fitness centers, landscaping, golf courses, banking, retirement villages, entertainment, religious, recreational, agricultural, photography, electronics, theatrical, textile, firearms, aviation, maritime, hardware, schools, colleges, universities, municipalities and government agencies.
Whether you need to create more space, liquidate assets or reduce inventory, our team is ready to partner with you. Call us at 717-879-0110 today!