text:
Erdoğan to meet German CEOs in Berlin
ANKARA Politics
A senior Turkish lawmaker said that President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan would meet the CEOs of several major German companies during his visit to Berlin on Sept. 28.
"The main objective of our president's Germany visit is to give a boost to Turkey-Germany relations," Mustafa Yeneroğlu, who holds a dual Turkish-German citizenship, told Anadolu Agency on Sunday.
"Our president will separately receive the CEOs of some big German companies and the representatives of NGOs," said Yeneroğlu, who is a ruling Justice and Development (AK) Party member of the Central Decision and Executive Board (MKYK).
Germany is Turkey's main economic and trade partner and more than 7,500 German companies are active in Turkey. In 2017, the bilateral trade volume reached €37.6 billion ($43.6 billion).
Yeneroğlu said that a huge delegation of German businesspeople would visit Turkey in October.
"A huge economic delegation with German businessmen will visit Turkey in October under the chairmanship of German Economy and Energy Minister Peter Altmaier," he said.
Yeneroğlu stressed that Erdoğan's visit was of vital significance considering the importance of German investments in Turkey.
"The visits [between the two countries] will reciprocally continue," the Istanbul lawmaker said.
Political relations between Ankara and Berlin suffered several setbacks in the past years, but both sides took steps in the recent months towards improving relations.
Erdoğan is scheduled to pay a key visit to Berlin on Sept. 28-29, which would be his first official visit to Germany since 2014.
The president will meet his German counterpart Frank-Walter Steinmeier and German Chancellor Angela Merkel in Berlin.
During his visit, Erdoğan will attend the inauguration of the Cologne Central Mosque.
"We hope that a new chapter will be opened for Turkey-Germany relations," said Yeneroğlu.
More than 3 million people of Turkish origin live in Germany. Many of them are second- and third-generation German-born citizens whose Turkish grandparents moved to the country during the 1960s.
Yeneroğlu noted that the Turkish people think that Germany has not sufficiently fought against the PKK terror organization.
"They have taken some measures against the PKK recently," said Yeneroğlu.
Yeneroğlu warned German security forces about PKK members' protests during Erdoğan's visit.
"They will hold protests in every corner of Germany, which should take measures against them, as they have taken against Daesh terrorists," said Yeneroğlu.
Yeneroğlu recalled that Germany officially recognized the PKK as a terrorist organization.
"There is a negative perception in German public opinion about Turkey, but there is also a negative perception in Turkish public opinion about Germany," said Yeneroğlu.
"These perceptions should be lifted with the efforts of both countries. [Erdoğan's visit] will be an important test," he added.
The PKK has been banned in Germany since 1993, but it remains active, with nearly 14,000 followers among the Kurdish immigrant population in the country.
Ankara has long accused Berlin of failing to take serious measures against the PKK terror group and its Syrian branch the PYD, which use the country as a platform for their fund-raising, recruitment, and propaganda activities.
Last Update: Sep 23, 2018 11:49 am


The Vitals website is provided for your informational use only. Nothing restrained or offered by, on or done Vitals should be construed as check-up advice or relied upon for medical designation or treatment. vital organ does not praise or okay any particular tending provider whose information or ratings appear on this website.
Eagle Ridge Resort is a american state house holiday resort located on victim Lake in Beltrami part 17 miles Northeast of Bemidji, Minnesota. patsy water is a spring-fed lake that is known for its great fishing and very large panfish! We have canoes, kayaks, paddle-boats, stand-up dabble boards, travel raft, sandy beach, and excrement toys for our guests to use free of charge. at that place is free of Wi-Fi end-to-end the resort, a locomotion trail direct the woods, a playground, games in the physicist and copiousness of happening to do and see nearby.
The First City on the river – where this important watercourse begins its 2,552 mile journey to rendezvous with the illustrious territorial division of New Orleans. caption promises those who step intersecting the american state stream at its beginning purpose live a long and fruitful life, and that great riches module come to them. With twenty-five percent of Minnesota's recreational lakes earnings here, the mighty river is right one of many, noted sky blue singer to be enjoyed in Bemidji, author about Itasca State parcel More about town vocalist In the winter of 1937, it took 737 man-hours to construct apostle paul Bunyan.


So here is my attempt to re-create a dessert I had at a Girls Night Out dinner.
Place a long strip of Foil out on the counter about 3 ft long.
Put a 1/4 inch base of cool whip down on the foil about the size, length and width of 6 ice cream sandwiches lined up in a row.
Place 6 ice cream sandwiches on top of cool whip.
Mix 1/2 cup of the crumbled oreos in a half of the container of the CHOCOLATE cool whip.
Spread mixture on top of the 6 ice cream sandwiches.
Place remaining 6 ice cream sandwiches on top of mixture.
Spread Regular cool whip all around the cake so you only can see cool whip.
Spread remaining Oreo crumbles on top.
Fold over Foil and add more if needed to completely cover the cake.
Place in Freezer to set for at least four hours. Serve in Thin Slices. Can keep for up to one week in the fridge.
Yum…can't go wrong with ice cream, cool whip, and oreos! I will have to try this.


text:
Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins are leaving Great British Bake Off
The show stars decided to leave the popular program due to the plans to move it to another channel. BBC have sold the broadcasting rights to th Channel 4, and Sue and Mel confirmed that they would not return.
In their statement they said: "We were very shocked and saddened to learn yesterday evening that Bake Off will be moving from its home. We made no secret of our desire for the show to remain where it was.
"The BBC nurtured the show from its infancy and helped give it its distinctive warmth and charm, growing it from an audience of two million to nearly 15 million at its peak. We've had the most amazing time on Bake Off, and have loved seeing it rise and rise like a pair of yeasted Latvian baps. We're not going with the dough. We wish all the future bakers every success."
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Reno 26.12.2016 at 20:52
Very nice article. It is very helpful for me. No doubt that limousine taxi cabs are the best , cobfortamle and reliable source of having a trip or celebrating a birthday or wedding.It is pleasure for me to have a ride on Limousine.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Photo above taken June 4, 2016...Below is a photo montage of our "Donald Double" taken just before President Trump's Inaugural Ball Party performance in Sanibel, FL, Jan 20, 2017!
Here's another montage of our 'Donald Double' entertaining many great biz events since 2004, through to 2015, and now today, 2017, nationally for over 12 years...look how he's evolved!!!
We also have "Hillary Clinton!"
his Presidency, he's legendary in his own time!!!
See fun "Trump impersonator" videos here, and the first one is from early this past year, talking about the USA just passing a record debt mark in January 2016!
"Trump Talks about the $18,000,000,000,000 Debt under Obama's 8 years!!!"
"Donald has a talk with an employee."..
If you liked that one, here's another!
"Donald wants to offer you a 'ground level' deal!"
One of "Donald Double's" first national appearances, 12 years ago in Oklahoma City, OK!
...and one more, as an actual TV commercial with "Trump Impersonator" and several more of Tim's Vegas Tributes at one of his casinos!
Since 2004, and now with over 12 years special events expereince in this unique role, Tim Beasley has performed professionally in his Donald Trump look, sound, act alike impersonation for recreating that kind of "Trump" excitement and paparazzi fun for many special events and is a "huge hit" at trade shows, "Apprentice"- style game shows and other corporate gatherings. Plus, look for him as a Donald Trump look alike in TV commercials and retail promotions, too!
Master of Ceremonies for any occasion!
Just look! Our 'Donald" has been performing this party fun since the heydays of the first "Apprentice" TV hit shows of 2004, 2005!!!
Please call, just like "The Donald," we love to talk!...and now, if we can get "Hillary" to shut up!!!
"The Donald" and "Hillary" share a car service into NYC for a fun event on 42nd Street!


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<class name="CSGShape" inherits="VisualInstance" category="Core" version="3.1">
	<brief_description>
		The CSG base class.
	</brief_description>
	<description>
		This is the CSG base class that provides CSG operation support to the various CSG nodes in Godot.
	</description>
	<tutorials>
	</tutorials>
	<demos>
	</demos>
	<methods>
		<method name="is_root_shape" qualifiers="const">
			<return type="bool">
			</return>
			<description>
				Returns true if this is a root shape and is thus the object that is rendered.
			</description>
		</method>
	</methods>
	<members>
		<member name="operation" type="int" setter="set_operation" getter="get_operation" enum="CSGShape.Operation">
			The operation that is performed on this shape. This is ignored for the first CSG child node as the operation is between this node and the previous child of this nodes parent.
		</member>
		<member name="snap" type="float" setter="set_snap" getter="get_snap">
		</member>
		<member name="use_collision" type="bool" setter="set_use_collision" getter="is_using_collision">
			Adds a collision shape to the physics engine for our CSG shape. This will always act like a static body. Note that the collision shape is still active even if the CSG shape itself is hidden.
		</member>
	</members>
	<constants>
		<constant name="OPERATION_UNION" value="0" enum="Operation">
			Geometry of both primitives is merged, intersecting geometry is removed.
		</constant>
		<constant name="OPERATION_INTERSECTION" value="1" enum="Operation">
			Only intersecting geometry remains, the rest is removed.
		</constant>
		<constant name="OPERATION_SUBTRACTION" value="2" enum="Operation">
			The second shape is susbtracted from the first, leaving a dent with it's shape.
		</constant>
	</constants>
</class>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Description: 6s Bms Wiring Diagram Help Esk8 Electronics Electric Longboard Diagramm Jpg2256x1084 204 Kb Wire Diagram #3268 from the above 2256x1084 resolutions which is part of the "DIY Needed" directory. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "Save full resolution" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
Considered one of the most typical electrical wiring queries is on how to wire a switch. Though working with switches in the home is sort of uncomplicated, wiring one particular might not be that straightforward for everybody. An ON-OFF switch is really quite simple to wire. You will find different kinds of switches, but for this example, let's say you're installing a single-pole toggle switch, a really common change (as well as the most basic).
There are actually a few hues of wires in the standard single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and inexperienced. Splice the black wire in two and hook up them on the terminal screws - one particular on top and also the other within the base screw of your change. The white wire serves like a supply of uninterrupted power and is particularly typically connected into a gentle colored terminal screw (e.g., silver). Connect the environmentally friendly wire towards the ground screw of your respective swap.
These techniques would frequently be sufficient to generate a standard change operate with no challenge. However, when you will not be confident that you simply can accomplish the endeavor appropriately and properly you better let the pros do it as a substitute. Following all, you can find a motive why this job has become the most commonly encountered electrical wiring questions questioned by many people.
For many purpose, how to wire a ceiling fan is usually one among the most prevalent electrical wiring queries. To simplify this task, you can utilize an individual change for any single ceiling fan. To wire the fan, it is simply a issue of connecting the black wire with the ceiling fan to the black wire of the change. If there is a light-weight, the blue wire really should be connected into the black wire of your change at the same time.
There are factors why these are generally the most frequently questioned electrical wiring inquiries. Just one, many consider it really is easy to complete, and two, they are the typical electrical jobs at your home. But then you certainly mustn't put your security at risk within your target to save money. The stakes could even be a great deal better in the event you seek to lower your expenses and do an electrical wiring job with no enough know-how or knowledge.


text:
10 tips to avoid getting lost with Google Maps and Apple Maps
Master these mobile apps and improve your sense of navigation
By David Nield published 3 August 16
Few phone apps are as useful as the mapping ones: whether you're taking a road trip across the United States or you just want to know the quickest way to the shop around the corner, they've become invaluable for finding directions and checking out nearby places.
Depending on the type of phone you've got, you're no doubt very familiar with either Apple Maps or Google Maps. Here we're assuming you know all the basics, and skip ahead to 10 lesser-known but very useful map tricks that you might not yet have discovered.
1. Go offline for certain areas
Your route-finding can be hampered if you should lose mobile signal while you're touring the country but Google Maps lets you save certain areas to your phone in advance. Find the relevant area in the map then tap the menu button and choose Offline areas.
Tap the plus icon, tweak the selected region by zooming and panning, then choose Download. You won't get up-to-date traffic information if you lose mobile signal, because your phone won't know what's happening, but you can at least still get directions.
2. Get home with a tap
If you're using Google Maps on Android, create a new widget (by long-pressing on a blank part of a home screen and choosing Widgets), then pick Directions (under Maps). When prompted set your destination as your house and choose a mode of transportation.
You've then got a home screen icon that tells you the way to get home (or anywhere else) from wherever you happen to be with a single tap. Of course Google Maps for iOS is also very adept at getting you home as well, but there's no such widget button available.
3. See your upcoming hotels and flights
Enter "my events" in the Google Maps search box on Android or iOS and the app highlights everything it knows about your forthcoming travel plans, mostly using info pulled from your Gmail account. You'll see hotel bookings, flights, theatre reservations and more.
If you're lost in a strange part of the world and need to quickly work out where your hotel is then it can come in handy. Extra details are added to the 'card' for each location too (if they can be found in your booking emails), such as the time your flight is scheduled for.
4. Add private labels to places
If you want to add your own nickname to a pub, or a friend's house, or anywhere else in Google Maps then it's easily done: search for the particular place on the map, tap to open the full card, then open the More menu (three vertical dots) and choose Add label.
Enter your nickname (e.g. "Dave's house") and it then shows up in searches and as you browse the map. Use the Your places entry on the main app menu if you want to review or delete a label. The labels you've created show up on Google Maps on the web as well.
5. Double-tap to zoom
Finally for Google Maps here's a trick that doesn't seem all that significant but may end up changing your life: if you've got your phone in one hand, you can double-tap and hold and then move your finger up and down the screen to zoom in and out of a certain area.
It can replace the standard two-finger gesture for map zooming and we've found it to be invaluable when holding on to a railing on a train, or when carrying shopping, or when doing anything else that means you only have one hand free for your phone. Use it wisely.
1. Take a virtual flyover of a city
Some of the major cities in the world have a flyover tour available in Apple Maps - if that's the case you'll see a Flyover Tour button underneath the city name on the first search result. A smooth animation then takes you around the best spots in the city.
If you're new to somewhere then it's a great way of getting your bearings without having to pay for an open-top bus ride. In a similar way switching on the satellite view while in Apple Maps can give you a better idea of roads and buildings in relation to your route.
2. Turn Apple Maps into a compass
If you tap once on the current location icon (a pointed arrow), Apple Maps shows you where you are on the map based on your phone's GPS reading; tap the icon again, and the app goes into compass mode, so turning the phone turns the map at the same time.
It's a useful feature to have if you're trying to work out exactly how to get somewhere, and it also works in Google Maps by the way. If you need more help navigating then there's actually a dedicated Compass app installed as part of iOS already on your iPhone.
3. Quieten down voice directions
A lot of people like to use Apple Maps for directions whilst also pumping some tunes through the Apple Music app (or indeed Spotify or something else). If that's the case then a robotic voice telling you to "turn left at the next junction" can prove to be quite jarring.
It's a problem that's not that difficult to fix, however. Go into the Maps section of the main Settings app on iOS, then choose Driving & Navigation - the subsequent screen lets you set the volume of voice directions independently, or switch them off entirely if you prefer.
4. Print out a PDF of a map
Nowadays we all rely on our phones for getting around, but there are still times when it's handy to have a physical print-out of a map to refer to - you're trying to arrange travel to an event for numerous people, for instance, or you need to place it in a document.
Well, Apple Maps on macOS has you covered. From the Apple Maps app, choose File then Export as PDF and give your new document a name: the resulting PDF includes whatever information you have visible on screen at the time, including any driving directions.
5. Use Siri to find places
Siri plugs straight into Apple Maps as well so if you don't have your hands free to type out a destination (or just want to use your voice), you can ask Siri "directions to..." and your route appears as if by magic. If you're not specific enough then Siri asks for clarification.
Siri is also good at finding places of interest nearby. Try asking for "directions to the nearest pizza restaurant", for example, and the app obliges. Remember that macOS Sierra includes Siri as well, so you can run these location-related queries from the desktop too.
What about getting GPS on your watch as well?
Dave has over 20 years' experience in the tech journalism industry, covering hardware and software across mobile, computing, smart home, home entertainment, wearables, gaming and the web – you can find his writing online, in print, and even in the occasional scientific paper, across major tech titles like T3, TechRadar, Gizmodo and Wired. Outside of work, he enjoys long walks in the countryside, skiing down mountains, watching football matches (as long as his team is winning) and keeping up with the latest movies.
What are the different types of life jacket, and which one do I need?
There are loads of flotation devices on the market – here's your guide to what the different standards mean
By Mark Mayne • Published 18 January 22


text:
Q: An almost complex structure on real 2-dimensional manifold Why an almost complex structure on real 2-dimensional manifold is integrable?

A: With respect to $J$ we get a splitting of the complexified differential forms; namely,
$$\Omega^k(X)\otimes\mathbb{C} = \bigoplus_{p+q=k}\Omega^{p,q}(X).$$
With respect to this splitting, we have the operator $\overline{\partial} : \Omega^{p,q}(X) \to \Omega^{p,q+1}(X)$ given by $\pi^{p,q+1}\circ d$ where $d$ is the exterior derivative and $\pi^{p,q+1}$ is the projection $\Omega^{k+1}(X)\otimes\mathbb{C} \to \Omega^{p,q+1}(X)$.
Integrability of $J$ is equivalent to the condition $\overline{\partial}^2 = 0$, but this is automatic on a real surface because we have
\begin{align*}
\Omega^0(X)\otimes\mathbb{C} &= \Omega^{0,0}(X)\\
\Omega^1(X)\otimes\mathbb{C} &= \Omega^{1,0}(X) \oplus \Omega^{0,1}(X)\\
\Omega^2(X)\otimes\mathbb{C} &= \Omega^{1,1}(X)
\end{align*}
and $\Omega^{p,q}(X) = 0$ for all other $p$ and $q$. Now note that
$$\Omega^{0,0}(X) \xrightarrow{\overline{\partial}} \Omega^{0,1}(X) \xrightarrow{\overline{\partial}} \Omega^{0,2}(X) = 0.$$
So $\overline{\partial}^2 = 0$ on $\Omega^{0,0}(X)$. Likewise, $\overline{\partial}^2 = 0$ on $\Omega^{1,0}(X)$, $\Omega^{0,1}(X)$, and $\Omega^{1,1}(X)$.
Added Later: Altenatively, we can show that for any almost complex structure $J$ on a smooth two-dimensional manifold, $N_J = 0$ where $N_J$ is the Nijenhuis tensor field of $J$. By the Newlander-Nirenberg Theorem, the vanishing of $N_J$ is equivalent to integrability.
Let $M$ be a smooth manifold with almost complex structure $J$. Recall that the Nijenhuis tensor field of $J$ is given by
$$N_J(X, Y) = [X, Y] + J[JX, Y] + J[X, JY] - [JX, JY].$$
As $N_J$ is tensorial, if $\{V_1, \dots, V_n\}$ is an ordered basis of local vector fields defined in a neighbourhood of $p$, $N_J$ vanishes at $p$ if and only if $N_J(V_i, V_j) = 0$ for all $1 \leq i, j \leq n$. Furthermore, $N_J$ is skew-symmetric, so it is enough to show that $N_J(V_i, V_j) = 0$ for all $1 \leq i < j \leq n$.
Now consider the case where $M$ is a smooth two-dimensional manifold. Fix $p \in M$ and let $V$ be a nowhere zero local vector field defined in a neighbourhood of $p$, then $\{V, JV\}$ is an ordered basis of local vector fields; to see this, note that if $JV \in \operatorname{span}\{V\}$ then $JV = kV$ so $-V = J^2V = k^2V$ which is impossible. As
\begin{align*}
N_J(V, JV) &= [V, JV] + J[JV, JV] + J[V, J^2V] - [JV, J^2V]\\
&= [V, JV] + J[V, -V] - [JV, -V]\\
&= [V, JV] - J[V, V] + [JV, V]\\
&= [V, JV] - [V, JV]\\
&= 0,
\end{align*}
we see that $N_J = 0$ at $p$. As $p$ is arbitrary, the Nijenhuis tensor field of $J$ vanishes, so $J$ is integrable.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Postsocialism
I write about Russia and 'postsocialism' (how Russian society has changed since 1991). I teach and research at Aarhus University, Denmark. I've been visiting and living in Russia since 1995. I'm most interested in understanding society through the eyes of the 'everyday' experience of ordinary people.
Network Activities
Category Archives: taxation
Putting in a good word for the Russian bourgeoisie
A typical small independent shop in a provincial town now under a lot of pressure from cartel-like supermarket chains.
A shorter version of this post appeared on Ridl.io
As anthropologist James Scott once said, 'it's time someone put in a good word for the petite bourgeoisie'. Shopkeeper-owners, small independent professionals and traders fulfil essential social and economic functions in any society but are especially important in modernizing ones. Sooner or later they turn into a middle-class with property rights and economic interests to defend. They are seen, even by Marxists, as a motor of political change.
However, in Russia the growth of a real middle-class and a healthy private sector is hindered at every step, largely in favour of a state-big business nexus. Whole industries – particularly in strategic sectors, are managed by state-owned monopolies, and have preferential access to banking finance, as Ilya Matveev points out.
The idea that the Russian political economy is a hybrid form of 'state capitalism' is widely accepted. However, less attention is paid to how these processes affect entrepreneurship generally and the wider implications for society. Coercion to gain access to wealth and the violent form of corporate raiding are also widely studied. However, elite insiders' appetites for unearned wealth and sources of economic rent mean that even small businesses are subject to 'taking', rather than 'trading', to use Gerald Easter's terms. This reflects a 'maturing' stage of insider elites and the way natural resources have already been 'gathered back in' by the state.
In most societies, the diversity of small and medium sized businesses – made visible in town and city centres – is seen as a key indicator of the health of the economy, and society more generally. If 'mom and pop' businesses are driven out of business, goes the logic, it's because bigger capitalists have preferential access to power or the state, and because taxation and regulations are too burdensome for smaller operators. Russia suffers from both these structural obstacles and things are getting worse rather than better. To explore this we can start from the big picture and progressively narrow our focus to show how entrepreneurs are increasingly squeezed out and how informal 'micro businesses' are now one of the only viable alternatives for those without patronage from system insiders.
One way of understanding this is by looking at the share of 'entrepreneurial incomes' versus employment wages. In 2000, it was 15%, but in 2018 it had dropped to 7.5%. Incomes from property are microscopic – 5%. So much for a broad property-owning class. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is falling by 6-7% a year. We can also look at the average size of firms as an indicator. Labour researcher Stephen Crowley argues in a forthcoming book that Russia is an extreme case of the privileging of large enterprises. 80% of employment in manufacturing firms is in large companies, only 10% of the country's workforce is employed in SMEs, versus 70% in the EU. Moreover since the Russia-Ukraine conflict and its economic side effects, consolidation has intensified, with the vast majority of closures in small and medium firms. There is plenty of evidence that monopolies and cartels are growing and competition falling. David Szakony reports that 14% of firms in 2016 reported they had 'no competition', a rise from 1% in 2013. Yet the number of 'unfair competition' court cases heard has fallen over the same period, while the Federal Monopolies Commission is notorious for pursuing SMEs in bureaucratic actions. Szakony summarises: Since 2014, SMEs have been squeezed by 'skyrocketing interest rates, unsustainable tax burdens, and uncertain protection for their property rights'.
That the conditions and prognosis for SMEs are so bad is very visible in the Sisyphean efforts of the Minister for Economic Development, Maksim Oreshkin. Today Oreshkin is quoted as saying that preventing the stagnation of small business requires 'work to increase the confidence of the business community in the state (both in regulation and in the system of enforcement) and reduce administrative costs.' The report carrying the quote adds, 'According to him, all these areas are enshrined in the list of key structural reforms.' The problem is that all the signs are that for good reasons smaller businesses don't trust the state.
Schemes like low interest loans for restaurants and small shops are a drop in the ocean ($30m), and almost exclusively go to 'connected' insiders at regional level. Indeed, this scheme is in fact a policy reversal – a similar scheme was discontinued because it mainly benefited the banks and was abused by businesses with political connections. In Kaluga region in 2017 (where my fieldwork sites are), for example, all the subsidized loans went to four companies owned by a single individual. But even if the scheme provided fair access, an individual entrepreneur in a low-margin business (which is most shops) would find this a risky proposition.
In addition, for retail businesses there will be a broadening of the 'compulsory barcoding' of products to allow the state a real-time assessment of turnover. While the idea behind these changes is to simultaneously prevent tax fraud and help small businesses by taxing their actual turnover, it is expensive for small shops to install and service. An online 'cash register' requires much more work in marking stock and inventory control . Finally, proposals like 'inspection holidays' to protect 'conscientious' business from excessive regulatory attention, only underline how much predatory and corrupt power bureaucrats have over small businesses. While the rate of some inspections is falling, there has been a sharp rise in 'unplanned' visits by regulators – up 74%). Regulatory inspection in Russia remains a key area where bribe-taking can occur.
These dynamics are most observable in the changing patterns of shops and SME employment in small and medium sized towns. In the town of 20,000 people where I conduct field research, only two independent grocers remains, down from more than a dozen in the early 2000s. Three chains of mini-markets have taken their place – very convenient, but a classic example of cartel-like behaviour. One is owned by a state bank, the other two by oligarchic interests. This pattern is mirrored more widely – around 40% of trade is controlled by large retailers and the trend is increasing. The poorest areas do without the chains completely but even here a genuine local entrepreneur will struggle. A vocal observer in this has been the controversial business commentator Dmitrii Potapenko, who in 2017 offered a stark analysis – 'a seven rouble difference in the price of a loaf of bread is a critically significant sum' (then around 10 US cents) illustrating the extreme price sensitivity of consumers. Potapenko has been in the limelight again just recently, commenting on cryptocurrencies. This was against the backdrop of discussions about the self employed 'going into the shadows of cash only', [ушли в кэш], the merits of employees demanding the option of payroll in cash, and the use and abuse of the Federal Law 115-F3 on money laundering that allows banks to freeze business accounts. While there's more heat than light in the discussion, it highlights how trust of the banking system is still highly relative, and, as we've seen with even high-ranking politicians, cash is king!
But back to the suffering of small business under insurmountable pressures…
A similar trend to that seen among small shops is observable in employment, whether in services or manufacturing. In my town, small producers of steel, building materials, and plastic manufactures have either gone to the wall or sold up in the last ten years. Some of this is a natural process as many of these businesses were left-overs of large and outdated Soviet-era enterprises. A few with very special niches will hang on, but most are dying out. The local owner of a steel fabricators employing around 100 people, recently sold out to a conglomerate, tired of bureaucratic sword of Damocles, fed up with competing with Chinese imports, but mostly exhausted by the experience of being an entrepreneur in Russia: 'in business you need to know when it's time to leave,' he told me. Another more optimistic entrepreneur had just opened a high tech laser-cutting materials workshop with around 20 employees – just the kind of business Russia needs, making good use of its still impressive human and technical capital. However, it turns out this venture was more out of necessity than choice. His prefabricated building business had been 'taken over' by competitors, against his will, and another side-line in printing merchandising materials and school textbooks was frozen due to a seemingly endless tax inspection.
However, this doleful picture is not the whole story. There has been a statistically measurable rise in start ups – in micro-businesses – defined as having 15 employees or less. While starting small is typical the world over, in Russia it has specific connotations. The smaller the business, the more potential there is for it to disappear into the informal economy and escape taxation and regulation partly or entirely, especially as the law on self-employment is unclear, as discussed in a previous blog post. Indeed, one informal fix to burdensome and predatory state regulation is spinning off part of a business into the underground, a phenomenon I've witnessed first-hand. A large proportion of the informal economy is connected to micro-businesses – largely made up of sole-traders.
If the state wants to support legal micro business, one way would be to bring back their most visible incarnation – the street kiosk – typically selling newspapers and magazines, hot food and beverages, or even clothes, domestic goods and toys. While long bedevilled by issues like mafia extortion and high rents, these micro-retailers are making a comeback outside Moscow and St. Petersburg. While the demand is clearly, there is a long way to go, and many municipalities are not keen on these small businesses. There are some 16,000 kiosks nationally, down from 42,000 some years ago. Certainly though, the resurrection of the kiosk, along with the high number of informal sole traders shows that entrepreneurialism is alive and well in Russia. However, that this is limited to the niche of individual self-exploitation – whether in street kiosk or shadow economy self-employment – is far from the dream of popular ownership of the means of production that James Scott lauds for its emphasis on autonomy, civic society potential and self-reliance. We're back to the argument about Russia's 'missing' middle-class (Balzer's phrase)- or at least the entrepreneurial conception of it.
This entry was posted in economy, taxation and tagged enterpreneurs, Oreshkin, Potapenko, Scott, SMEs, state capitalism, tax on 07/11/2019 by Jeremy Morris.
A tax-paying non-democracy? Or, 'don't touch people who live by their own resources'
Russian tax authorities boast of record collections in the last couple of years. In 2017 collections were 20% higher than in 2016. At the same time the number of taxes is expanding, with new ecology, waste and telecoms taxes, to name a few, as well as the consolidation of 'duty' payments into federally enforced taxes . There are signs the Tax Service is growing in confidence, recently proposing to expand its juridical scope to regain control of criminal cases against business.
Are these signs of more effective state, and thus the potential for its bureaucracies to serve more than a few citizens? Or are they examples of the centre's fiscal cul-de-sac, as it seeks a human replacement for falling natural resource revenues (encapsulated in the recent idea of 'people as the new oil'). In this post I will review the significant recent changes in taxes that affect individuals (businesses are important but will be dealt with another time). A shorter version of the post appeared in Ridl.io, along with a Russian translation.
First, we need a little history. Russia's flat-tax is famous as one of the first, boldest reforms of this type in the world with a big cut in income tax from a higher rate of 30% to 13% in 2001. However, Putin's first years were characterized by even more radical neoliberal taxation reform across the board that built on the IMF programme of 1998 in response to Russian debt default. The flat tax was part of a package that included lowering corporation and other taxes, and increasing tax collection via VAT. These changes arguably helped small and medium businesses and gave a kick-start to both the legitimacy and bureaucratic logic of the Tax Service going into the 2000s. Employees and entrepreneurs alike were eased into the new economic system, all thanks to the flat tax and low profit taxes. Why was this important? For 'cultural' as much as institution-building reasons. Income taxes in the late Soviet period had generally been very low. Taxes were less 'visible' as deductions in socialist societies, and the link between them and the provision of services was equally opaque (Alm et al 2006). People more often linked 'social security' to the visible and significant paternalistic obligation of their employer, not the state. Thus 'tax morality' was an issue in the 1990s, and arguably remain so today. (aside: it still surprises me that scholars don't make more of the fact that for nearly 80% of the population, incomes declined year-on-year for nearly ten years, so the fact that tax 'morale' was low is hardly surprising – see Alm et al. 2006).
The fundamental idea of a flat tax generally is to expand the tax base – reports vary, but perhaps a majority of people who should have paid income taxes in the 1990s did not. This continues to be important in Russia because of the large size of the informal economy and the fact that it dominates in how people calculate their real incomes (perhaps the majority of people have a 'white' income – which is subject to income tax, and an informal extra income source, which is not taxed directly). Tax revenue has been always rising, but from a tiny base in 2000 and is thus not a very meaningful measurement considering GDP has grown much faster. Indeed, as a share of GDP, Ukraine better qualified now as a 'tax-paying state' than Russia.
Like other flat taxes, the Russian one has no allowances (which are typically set at a level around the minimum wage, as it is in the UK, for example the low). Therefore, even the very working-poor pay it. In addition, there is a 'hidden' regressive element in the form of the employer's obligatory deductions for social insurance and pension contributions. The more you earn (starting from an income of around 14,000 Euro a year), the less as a percentage of income the employer contributes. Taking into account the employer and employee deductions, average income-related taxation is more like 33%. (Only medical insurance contributions are not regressive – hat-tip: Ilya Matveev).
Lack of allowances and the relatively large burden of pension and social insurance deductions are major disincentives to register self-employment income because it is so variable. Moreover, there is little or no evidence that the tax reforms really improved revenue collection, productivity, economic activity and trust in the general fiscal system (Kryvoruchko 2015; Appel and Orenstein 2013). More likely, the rapid improvement in the Russian economy after 1999 was the cause of higher revenues – incomes increased, not compliance (Ivanova 2005 et al [opens as pdf]). The fact that this story is rarely heard is a measure of the dominance of orthodox supply-side economics to this day. In fact, the IMF often criticised the introduction of flat taxes, citing the already weak fiscal position of former communist countries (Domonkos 2015).
Fast-forward to the late 2010s, and against the backdrop of inadequate natural resource revenues the Russian state has returned to the thorny issue of taxes in earnest. However record income tax receipts are only a small part of the story. In Russia personal income taxes have only ever been a small share of all tax-like revenues (Gaddy and Gale 2005), as in Soviet times. Direct personal taxes as a share of all taxes and as a share of GDP are around half of that found in other highly-educated, and industrialised market economies. Despite this, there is little sign of any political will for a return to progressive taxation, even though it might raise significantly more tax from the 11 million 'better paid' Russians. More important is the repeated failure to tax the self-employed and the 2019 changes to taxation of land and property.
Let's take the self-employed first – remembering that even for people with jobs, 'side-work' is an important category for making ends meet. Until the Ukraine/sanctions crisis in 2014, personal income derived from the informal economy was effectively ignored by both politicians and the bureaucracy. It is true that the most visible self-employed were 'tax registered', perhaps best symbolised by quasi-private transit operatives (marshrutki drivers operating as lone, or 'small traders' in tax terms). However, the vast majority of 'tradespersons' and individual service providers – from electricians to home-visit beauticians, operated in a black hole – their complete bureaucratic invisibility was part of a permissive deal with society. This 'compensated' for extremely low disposable incomes from formal work, at the same time as allowing ordinary people something of niche in an entrepreneurial climate increasingly dominated by large firms with 'connections' to those in power. However, that niche is rapidly disappearing due to the expansion of state-connected large firms.
After 2014 the government put more energy into pursuing the self-employed, to bring them into the formal purview of the state, including taxation, licensing, national insurance, pension payments, etc. The latest version of this is the 'tax on professional incomes' starting January 2019. However, each initiative has failed, but for multiple reasons. Firstly, much existing tax law is poorly written, especially concerning definitions of legal persons. Not only that, but the Labour Code too is lacking a clear definition of the self-employed.
Secondly, as mentioned above, the vast majority of 'self-employed' are actual 'side-employed', not reliant only on a 'trade' income. Consequently, they are extremely resistant to the formalisation of what they see as a 'top-up' income. In other words, informal work is ingrained as a kind of socio-economic right. This is a legacy of more than the 1990s' economic disruption, but goes back to way incomes in the USSR were made of multiple components beyond the 'wage packet'. (Actually there's a more complex story here too about 'cultural' resistance to the term 'self-employed' (samozaniatyi) – the historical association with murky 'trade' is one reason (to be in trade is to be an exploiter of disorder). Also there's something about the term 'entrepreneur' (the other legal term) and 'self-employment' that is devaluing and degrading to people who consider themselves versatile 'masters' of trades and 'authoritative' individuals in their meta-occupational communities – a term I find useful to talk about mutual-acknowledgement networks of skilled workers).
Thirdly, when the economy not growing and people are economically hurting, they rely even more on the informal 'cushion' of side-incomes. Fourthly, the state doesn't really have as much of an incentive as it appears to squeeze for income tax, as it is regional budgets that depend on direct taxation revenue, not the federal centre (which only takes a cut of 15% of income tax collected).
Finally, and this is important because it contradicts the narrative of the 'effective taxation state', the Russia really lacks the political conditions to correct this situation. A fundamental tension in any society is the balance between taxes on incomes versus immovable and trackable assets. And the degree of success in taxing incomes is always a question of consent. In anything, 'consent' to the state taking a slice of one's hard-earned crust is falling, against the backdrop of real declines over the last decade in incomes.
This brings us to the current phase. Alongside 'regressive' increases in VAT and 'sin taxes', as well as rise in taxes on fuel, the state has learnt that a source of 'wealth' that is more difficult to hide than income is immovable property. The real story of changes in the taxation landscape is the big switch to property and land tax, and the lack of awareness of the majority of people about this, as well as the potential 'compounding' effect over time of increases in these rates.
Since 2017 the government has undertaken fundamental reform in tax liability of property. One aspect is the shift to assessing immovable property on cadastral value. Cadastral assessment takes into account the real value of land, and so will mainly affect older properties in desirable areas. Thus, an owner of a three-room Brezhnev era flat of 60 square metres close to a metro station in Moscow will have seen their taxes increase by a factor of six.
There has already been a clear impact, with revenues from this tax rising from 22bn rubles in 2013 to 144bn in 2017, a seven-fold increase. Phased in over five years, at the end of that period the Property Tax will have risen by 20%. This might not seem much given the low starting base of 0.1%, but for houses as opposed to apartments, the starting point of the tax is 0.3%. Strikingly, even structures like garages will be liable for Property Tax.
And this is in addition to Land Tax – in 2019 significant changes were made to this tax as well (local authorities keep this tax). With some exceptions, land with houses on it will attract a tax of 1.5%. This is doubly significant given that previously people only paid a symbolic amount of tax on their 'country cottage'. Given how many people of different classes and incomes own 'second' properties in addition to an apartment, these tax changes are likely to prove onerous and perceived as unjust (pensioners and other groups are exempt from some of them). Property taxes are also likely to accelerate concentrations of wealth even more, and it's easy to imagine Russia becoming a country of renters, rather than owner-occupiers in less than a generation.
People are now finding out the hard way that immovable property above an arbitrary norm the 'izlishka', dictated by the state can be subject to rapid increases in tax over a short period. The izlishka is calculated for all kinds of property and is quite miserly – if you own more than 10 square meters of a room you pay tax on the rest of that room, for example. It is quite common for flats to be divided into ownership by room, even by members of the same family. Thus, even a very modest flat of 42 square meters in a provincial city worth 1.3m roubles will attract a tax of 700 roubles. Not a lot, but given that all taxes fall due at the same time in November, it will be felt as one more example of the squeeze, alongside the near tripling of taxes on waste collection.
These increases have been in the offing since 2011. Back then, the average Land Tax paid was tiny – around 800 roubles a year. State income grew rapidly from such taxes despite the low base – nearly doubling from 2008-2012. Some regions did not apply all these land taxes but the significant change in 2018 is the harmonisation of all regions in the obligatory extraction of these taxes.
Ironically, recently Putin charged the government to investigate the problems of the growth in the 'population's tax burden', asking Medvedev to investigate 'what is happening in real life, and not just on paper'. What does this reveal? In reality the simultaneous ratcheting up of all kinds of taxes and quasi-taxes – excise duty, land taxes, personal taxes, transport-related taxes and indirect taxes make for a likely future confrontation of elite versus 'populist'/social-justice political entrepreneurs – as yet unidentified. In the meantime we will observe an intensification of the struggle to formalise incomes, and the equal resistance to do so among self-employed in particular.
Even in highly developed market economies with long-standing social solidarity and high personal taxes like Denmark see much political debate of the burden of direct taxation, the 'value for money' of the enormous tax revenues their systems provide. These are the fundamental tensions inherent in any tax-paying democracy where resource and indirect revenues are less important. The scholar Simon Kordonsky deserves the final word. Writing about the role of the shadow economy in Russia, his response to the wave of measures to formalize the economy is this: 'don't touch people who live by their own resources' [za svoi schet]. What he means is that the majority only 'survive' today to the degree they can escape the 'field of view' of the state. He also gives the example of the rational response to a new tax on heavy goods vehicles' use of highways: people simply shift to smaller trucks. Taxes are just a form of moving national income from one place to another, or in progressive scenarios, redistributing. But how is it even possible to build a tax-paying non-democracy, when the logic of redistribution functions mainly in terms of a vertical – upwards from the most active, but most powerless, to unproductive elites?
This entry was posted in taxation and tagged informal economy, self-employment, tax on 18/07/2019 by Jeremy Morris.
Extraction, Erasure and excremental excess (My ASEEES 2019) 02/12/2019
What do we mean when we talk about studying 'the everyday' in Russia? 15/11/2019
Putting in a good word for the Russian bourgeoisie 07/11/2019
A Day of Knowledge – Topic-based teaching of Russian Current Affairs 01/09/2019
Moscow protests, the stifling Sobyanin embrace, and a tale of two societies. 20/08/2019
Norman Pilon on People as the New Oil. Or, 'ка…
Extraction, Erasure… on Hauntology and the trauma of s…
RUSSIA & UKRAIN… on Putting in a good word for the…
Jeremy Morris on Putting in a good word for the…
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Everyday Post-Socialism: Working-Class Communities in the Russian Margins


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Marc Jordan "Both Sides"
Marc Jordan returns with his brand new collection of Smooth Jazz masterpieces, titled 'Both Sides' and he's not alone.
Marc has delved into his legendary rolodex to enlist the help of top tier musicians; Randy Brecker, Lou Pomanti, Marc Rogers, Kevan McKenzie and Mark Lalama.
Marc spent 16 years in LA writing songs for Chicago, Kenny Loggins, Natalie Cole and Rod Stewart including the world wide #1 hit "Rhythm Of My Heart". Jordan has won numerous ASCAP, Juno, Socan and Smooth Jazz awards over the years, yet has always loved singing the American songbook. Marc's adoration for the great songs of the mid 20th century have finally convinced him to make the stylistic leap we hear on "Both Sides". In making "Both Sides" Jordan recorded with the Prague Symphony.
Songs like "The Nearness of You" and "What Are You Doing The Rest Of Your Life" are sprinkled in with Joni Mitchel's "Both Sides Now" and Lou Reed's masterpiece "Walk On The Wild Side".
Posted by Arnaud LEGER on April 14, 2019 in About new material | Permalink | Comments (0)
David Garfield presents Alex Ligertwood "Outside The Box"
David Garfield's latest album is Alex Ligertwood "Outside the Box" featuring seven outstanding vocals by Alex Ligertwood, the former lead singer of Santana. Alex also performed with The Senate, The Jeff Beck Group, Average White Band and Brian Auger's Oblivion Express.
Tracklist: 1/ Winning (Russ Ballard song covered by Santana) 2/ Let's Stay Together (Al Green cover) 3/ Keep the Faith 4/ Waiting as Fast as I Can 5/ I Put a Spell on You (Screamin' Jay Hawkins cover) 6/ Gotta Make a Change 7/ Strawberry Fields Forever (Beatles cover)
Nick Vintskevich "California Spirit"
Following on from his 2014 release Never Was A Doubt, the amazingly talented Russian saxophonist Nick Vintskevich teams up once more with Bill Champlin for another helping of smoothe jazz at it's finest.
Nick released his first solo album "Vive L'amour" in 2011. The title song - written and performed by Kim Nazarian - was particularly successful in the US, where it received a lot of airplay and was among the top ten tracks for two months on Aspen Public Radio 91. 5, in Colorado. And in 2014 Nick was the runner up in the Internet Jazz Competition "Made in NYC", performing at the finalists' Gala Concert with famous artists like Randy Brecker and Lenny White.
In Germany Nick was awarded JazzRockTV's Miles Award for combining Folk, Jazz, Soul and Pop into a cross-cultural fusion. As well as Bill Champlin, there is a dazzling array of supporting players on this album including his father Leonid Vintskevich, the famous Russian jazz pianist, organizer and art director of the "Jazz Province Tour Fest" Jazz Festival, and Joel Taylor (drums) and Kip Reef (bass) from the Vintskevich Quartet.
On his latest album "California SPIRIT", Nick teamed up with Bill Champlin, John Patitucci, Arnold McCuller, Eve Cornelious, Zander Schloss and many other great musicians and singers to bring a breath of fresh air straight from the warm breezes of California.
John Blakeley & Jeff Larson "Yesterday's Dream"
"They don't often make new records anymore like 'Yesterday's Dream', a brilliant throwback to the golden era of singer songwriters. Vocalist Jeff Larson evokes the fragile authenticity of the greats and unsung twang scholar John Blakeley of the 'Endless Summer' soundtrack lights up the spare, supple tracks on this haunting, compelling, altogether intoxicating debut." ~ Joel Selvin
Larson and Blakeley's Yesterday's Dream is a spellbinding collection of delicate melodies bringing to mind a ruminative evening by the sea. Finely-crafted and understated, it warrants repeated listening as it burrows deeper under the skin. - The Second Disc
Thanks to Peter Holmstedt at HEMIFRAN
Clementine "Letting Go"
Folksinger Clementine from the Netherlands grew up as a captain's daughter. When her father came home after his long travels,up to a year, her mother's chansons were replaced for his Celtic and Irish music. Water, nature and freedom where fundamentals to her as she grew up. The Irish music became her lifeline with her father being away at sea. When she sings Celtic or Irish folk music now, it feels like coming home. Nowadays she mixes the style naturally with jazzy, bluesy and even chanson influences.
Clementine prefers singing in English but made an exception for the Dutch song "Na De Hoos" ("After The Storm") written by friend and writer Guus Westdorp. Originally written for the flood in New Orleans after Katrina. Raising thousands of dollars during a benefit concert for the victims.
She performed the song at the official national memorial for the Dutch flood of 1953, for the Dutch president, politicians and survivors. This event was broadcasted by national media including primetime news, French and American TV from New Orleans.
In 2003 she released her 1st album for record label Coast To Coast. This album was embraced by national radio stations like Radio 2 & 5 and was named 'World Album Of The Week'.
She toured Dutch theatres from small rooms of 80 seats, up to concert halls of 750 seats, and is currently booking another tour to support her new release "Letting Go". For her new album, "Letting Go", she has collaborated with top producer and singer songwriter Wyatt Easterling from Nashville.


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Israel's SpaceIL Circles Moon With Beresheet (Genesis)
By Chris Burns/April 8, 2019 3:50 pm EST
You might remember the name SpaceIL from its participation in the Google Lunar X Prize* contest in 2011. Their mission was to launch a craft to land on the moon. Here in 2019, they're on the cusp of accomplishing that goal. On 22 February 2019 at 0145 UTC they launched, and on 4 April at 1418 UTC they entered lunar orbit.
This week SpaceIL and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) announced they were on-track with their lunar mission בראשית (pronounced Beresheet). SpaceIL is the nonprofit group behind the launch of the mission, and IAI are the Israeli equivalent of NASA. The name בראשית is prounounced "beresheet" and is roughly translated from Hebrew to English to mean "Genesis" – aka the beginning.
Above you'll see a broadcast from mission control at the IAI, below you'll see a promotional video for the program. Therein is encouragement for the next generation of Israeli (and non-Israeli alike) children to head for the stars. Also note: All photos in this article were captured by the Beresheet spacecraft in transit to the moon!
At the point at which this article is first posted, the SpaceIL crew had not yet landed on the moon. It's expected that they will land on the moon on April 11th, 2019. Even before they DO land on the moon, they've made history as the first Israeli spacecraft to travel beyond Earth's orbit.
If they land on the moon, they'll be the fourth country to make the landing (USA, USSR, China). They're also poised to be the first ever private group (non-governmental group) to land a spacecraft on the moon. They're expected to make their landing at 11 p.m. Israel time on April 11 (4 p.m, EDT).
Moon travel report #4
Beresheet conducted a successful maneuver this evening as the main engine was activated for 4 minutes. The spacecraft is on its way to an elliptical orbit where the furthest point from Earth is at a distance of 131,000 km.@ILAerospaceIAI pic.twitter.com/oNAgbaupWf
— Israel To The Moon (@TeamSpaceIL) February 28, 2019
*You might also remember that Google Lunar XPrize extended the deadline for the contest in August 2017. They moved the original date forward to 31 March 2018, but no group accomplished the original goal. SpaceIL was not deterred! Now they're about to land on the moon one way or the other!
UPDATE: As it turns out, Lunar XPRIZE will award them a $1M Moonshot Award. Good of them to keep that money ready to roll regardless of the original parameters!


Extending product functionality and lifetime requires constant addition of new features to satisfy the growing customer needs and the evolving market and technology trends. Software component adaptivity is straightforward but not enough: recent products include hardware accelerators - for reasons of performance and power efficiency - that also need to adapt to new requirements.For example, a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) needs to scan all incoming network packets for suspicious content. The scanning has to be fast so that the monitored communication links are not slowed down, while the list of threats to check for is extended and updated on a daily basis.
Reconfigurable logic allows the definition of new functions to be implemented in dynamically instantiated hardware units, combining adaptivity with hardware speed and efficiency. For the Intrusion Detection System example, new rules can be hardcoded into the reconfigurable logic, achieving high performance, while providing the necessary adaptivity to new threats.
FASTER will facilitate the use of reconfigurable technology by providing a complete methodology that enables designers to easily implement and verify applications on platforms with general-purpose processors and acceleration modules implemented in the latest reconfigurable technology. We expect that the project will lead to a 20% productivity improvement due to seamless implementation and verification of dynamically changing systems, a 50% total ownership cost reduction for NIDS and Reverse Time Migration systems, with a 2x performance improvement under power constraints for Global Illumination and Image Analysis.


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package br.ufsc.lehmann.teoria;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

public class SimuladorNaoDeterministico {

	public boolean aceitacao(AutomatoND automato, String entrada) {
		LinkedList<Frame> processar = new LinkedList<>();
		processar.add(new Frame(automato.estadoInicial(), new Input(entrada)));
		Frame frame = null;
		while(!processar.isEmpty()) {
			frame = processar.removeFirst();
			Input input = frame.input;
			String estadoAtual = frame.estadoAtual;
			if(!input.isEmpty()) {
				if(!Arrays.asList(automato.alfabeto()).contains(input.get()))
					throw new IllegalArgumentException("Elemento encontrado não pertence ao alfabeto");
			} else {
				if(Arrays.asList(automato.estadosFinais()).contains(estadoAtual)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
			Frame[] proximosEstados = automato.funcaoTransicao().proximosEstados(estadoAtual, input);
			if(proximosEstados != null && proximosEstados.length > 0) {
				processar.addAll(Arrays.asList(proximosEstados));
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
}


Even when filled with ice, the exterior of your will never leave a puddle on your desk, drip on your shirt, or sweat in your bag. We have been enjoying a high reputation for our very competitive prices with high quality and for our faultless service. We shall be glad to make friends and cooperate with people all over the world.
Alibaba.com offers 93 28/410 screw microsprayer products. such as free samples.
There are 13 28/410 screw microsprayer suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of 28/410 screw microsprayer respectively.
8/410 screw microsprayer products are most popular in North America, Mid East, and Western Europe.


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Intelligent CIO Africa
CIO Middle East
BANK OF AFRICA chooses NetGuardians' AI software to reinforce internal and payment fraud prevention
Banking & FinanceCybersecurityTop Stories
Swiss FinTech company, NetGuardians, has announced that BANK OF AFRICA, a pan-African bank present in 31 countries worldwide, 20 of them being in Africa, will use NetGuardians' fraud prevention software to further safeguard its assets and branches in Morocco against internal and payment fraud.
More than 25 client banks across Africa and the Middle East are using NetGuardians as their anti-fraud solution; it is trusted by 40% of the largest banks in East Africa. NetGuardians is working with banks to protect more than US$7 trillion in assets from fraudsters and was listed as a Global Leader in the 2021 Aite-Novarica Report on Fraud and AML Machine Learning Platforms.
Building an intricate anti-fraud culture is paramount to the growth of pan-African banking, as five of the top 10 countries most affected by fraud are in Africa, according to the Global Economic Crime and Fraud Survey.
NetGuardians software forms customer profiles through its innovative behavioural analytics, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. The software monitors all transactions and provides a risk score by comparing it against the customer profile.
The software reduces the volume of false positives, providing an excellent customer and user experience while decreasing operational costs. Machine Learning algorithms help financial institutions to discover and stay on top of emerging threats from fraud schemes.
Intelligent CIO Africa is a technology intelligence platform aimed at the enterprise IT sector to provide targeted updates and research driven data. As part of Lynchpin Media, this digital medium gives unparalleled advice to the regional community.
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TUB Farms aims to provide healthy produce to those in need in the community through the planting of hydroponic gardens. Students at Hillel Academy help grow produce to feed their friends, parents, neighbors and those in need. Benefits abound for the community and students from school gardens. TUB Farms is eager to help other schools start such gardens as well. Click here for more information on enrollment.


I can't believe I'm saying this, but David Brooks is making sense. In his New York Times column this morning, he appears to discover what at least half the country has long known: The Republican Party has been hijacked by unruly nihilists. "The House Republican caucus," Brooks writes, "is close to ungovernable these days. How did that situation come about?" I'm not sure what prompted his eureka moment, but it's nice to see Brooks, a card-carrying member of the conservative intelligentsia, finally reckon with the present state of the GOP.
Three months ago I wrote a similar column about the degeneration of conservatism and the Republican Party. I argued that conservatism, as a practical political philosophy, was essentially dead in this country. And that the GOP has abandoned its rich intellectual history, thinkers like Edmund Burke and Alexis de Tocqueville and even William F. Buckley, Jr. In today's Republican Party, there is no place for ideas or compromise or prudent governance; it's a party of reactionaries and insurgents, people drunk on destruction.
The lunatics on Fox News and on conservative radio are the ones peddling the crisis narratives and the apocalyptic angst, and over time this mentality has come to define the GOP. Brooks is absolutely right when he writes that "politics is the process of making decisions amid diverse opinions" and that it "involves conversation, calm deliberation, self-discipline, the capacity to listen to other points of view and balance valid but competing ideas and interests." But balancing opposing points of view is impossible for a party of purists, and that's exactly what the GOP has become, as Brooks himself acknowledges.
The collapse of the Republican Party has been a disaster for the country. Like it or not, ours is a two-party system that depends upon cooperation. But, as Brooks notes, "the new Republican officials did not believe in government and so did not respect its traditions, its disciplines and its craftsmanship." Many Republicans appear not to believe in democracy itself. They deny the legitimacy of those who don't share their views and they cynically work to obstruct rather than advance legislation. The consequences of this have been enormous, and it's astonishing that a Democratic administration has been able to accomplish anything in the midst of such intransigence.
I'm not sure what took him so long, but it's refreshing to see someone like Brooks write openly about the roots of Republican dysfunction. I don't imagine his message will penetrate the conservative echo chamber anytime soon, but at least it's a start.


Classic Construction Company offers a variety of interior and exterior residential construction and remodeling services for your home. Whatever your reasons or needs for your interior or exterior residential remodeling project, the experts at Classic Construction Company are here to help.
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I, [2019-03-15T03:40:58.199991 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "rm -f .revision.time" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:58.200156 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make update-download DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.267036 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make update-download DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.267202 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make update-rubyspec DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.286060 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'update-rubyspec'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.286770 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make update-rubyspec DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.286876 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make update-src DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.769984 #24727] INFO -- : At revision 67265.
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.784455 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make update-src DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:40:59.784624 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make after-update DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:00.919072 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'srcs'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.046249 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make after-update DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.046552 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make miniruby DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.064562 #24727] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.064702 #24727] INFO -- : warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.232956 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make miniruby DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.233466 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make ruby DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.251770 #24727] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.251925 #24727] INFO -- : warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.396698 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make ruby DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.397156 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make all DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.421007 #24727] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:01.421191 #24727] INFO -- : warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:02.721852 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'srcs'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.717217 #24727] INFO -- : Could not be configured. It will not be installed.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.718485 #24727] INFO -- : Check ext/dbm/mkmf.log for more details.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.748912 #24727] INFO -- : *** Fix the problems, then remove these directories and try again if you want.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.777365 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'enc'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.867314 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for '/tmp/ruby/src/trunk-asserts/enc/trans'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.952695 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'encs'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.961146 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make all DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:07.961670 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[beg] make install DEFS="-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2"
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:08.198682 #24727] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:08.198809 #24727] INFO -- : warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:09.455210 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'srcs'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:14.852094 #24727] INFO -- : Could not be configured. It will not be installed.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:14.853288 #24727] INFO -- : Check ext/dbm/mkmf.log for more details.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:14.878958 #24727] INFO -- : *** Fix the problems, then remove these directories and try again if you want.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:14.903057 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'enc'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:14.977040 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for '/tmp/ruby/src/trunk-asserts/enc/trans'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:15.055055 #24727] INFO -- : make: Nothing to be done for 'encs'.
I, [2019-03-15T03:41:23.419323 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make install DEFS=\"-DRGENGC_CHECK_MODE=2 -DVM_CHECK_MODE=2\"" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:44:33.781736 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make yes-btest TESTS='-j6'" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T03:44:33.813237 #24727] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
I, [2019-03-15T03:44:33.813384 #24727] INFO -- : warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
I, [2019-03-15T03:44:38.233150 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make yes-test-basic TESTS='-j6'" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T04:19:13.260417 #24727] INFO -- : .S....S....S.Finished tests in 2074.012694s, 10.0872 tests/s, 2524.2170 assertions/s.
I, [2019-03-15T04:19:13.331536 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make yes-test-all TESTS='-j6'" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-15T04:29:58.789378 #24727] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make yes-test-rubyspec TESTS='-j6'" exit with 0.


text:
Volker Schulze (* 20. Oktober 1939 in Gevelsberg, Westfalen) ist ein deutscher Fachpublizist, Historiker und Buchautor.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur 1960 am Städtischen Gymnasium in Gevelsberg volontierte Schulze ein Jahr lang bei der Gevelsberger Zeitung/Ennepetaler Zeitung; danach setzte er sein Redaktionsvolontariat studienbegleitend fort. In Frankfurt am Main, Münster und Dortmund studierte er anschließend bis 1968 Geschichte, Publizistik, Germanistik und Öffentliches Recht. Volker Schulze lebt in Meckenheim bei Bonn. Er ist mit der Journalistin Christine Schulze verheiratet und Vater dreier erwachsener Töchter.

Berufliche Arbeit
Parallel zu seinem Studium arbeitete Schulze zunächst als wissenschaftliche Hilfskraft am Institut für Publizistik der Universität Münster, von 1965 bis 1966 als studentischer Redakteur beim Semesterspiegel, dann als freier Journalist und Redakteur bei Zeitungen im Ruhrgebiet. 1969 wechselte er in die Geschäftsstelle beim Bundesverband Deutscher Zeitungsverleger (BDZV), wo er die Leitung der Pressestelle übernahm. Weitere Stationen innerhalb des BDZV: von 1976 bis 1980 Geschäftsführer des Landesverbandes NRW, von 1980 bis 1995 Geschäftsführer und danach bis 2005 Hauptgeschäftsführer des BDZV.

In die Jahre von 1970 bis 2005 fällt die Hauptzahl seiner medienwissenschaftlichen, medienpraktischen und historischen Veröffentlichungen. Nach seiner an der Universität Dortmund berufsbegleitend verfassten Promotion zum Dr. phil. (1993) über ein medienpolitisches Thema hatte Schulze Lehraufträge an den Universitäten Dortmund, Düsseldorf und Berlin. Für den BDZV und dessen Landesverbände baute Schulze die Akademie Berufliche Bildung der deutschen Zeitungsverlage auf. Sie hat das Ziel, Redaktionsvolontäre fachlich fundiert zu begleiten und Journalisten fortzubilden. Ein Teil des Lehrmaterials entstand in der ZV Zeitungsverlag GmbH, deren Geschäftsführung Schulze bis 2002 hatte.

Nebentätigkeiten
Schulze war fast 20 Jahre lang ehrenamtlich Geschäftsführer des Kuratoriums für den Theodor-Wolff-Preis, den Journalistenpreis der deutschen Tageszeitungen. Im Jahr 2000 wurde er in die Jury des Journalistenpreises "Pro Ehrenamt" der Stadt Neuss berufen, der er noch angehört. Von 2006 bis 2012 war Schulze Mitglied der Jury von "Durchblick – Preis für Bürger- und Verbrauchernähe" des Bundesverbandes deutscher Anzeigenblätter.

Volker Schulze ist Mitglied der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Publizistik- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, der Gesellschaft Katholischer Publizisten und des Rotary-Clubs Bonn-Rheinbach.

Auszeichnungen
1995 erhielt Schulze das Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande.

Schriften
 Volker Schulze: Der Bundesverband Deutscher Zeitungsverleger. Ämter und Organisationen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Boldt-Verlag, Boppard 1971. (Drei erweiterte Auflagen im Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf)
 Volker Schulze: Der deutsche Merkur. In: Heinz-Dietrich Fischer (Hrsg.): Deutsche Zeitschriften des 17. bis 20. Jahrhunderts, Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach/München 1973.
 Volker Schulze: Paul Singer – sozialdemokratischer Politiker und Verleger. In: Publizistik, 19. Jg./Nr. 2, Konstanz 1974, S. 200–208.
 Volker Schulze und Karl Hugo Pruys: Macht und Meinung. Aspekte der SPD-Medienpolitik. Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, Köln 1975.
 Volker Schulze: Vorwärts von 1876 – 1940. In: Günter Grunwald und Friedhelm Merz (Hrsg.): Vorwärts 1876 bis 1976. Ein Querschnitt in Faksimiles. J.H.W. Dietz-Verlag Berlin und Bonn 1976, S. IX–XV.
 Volker Schulze: Frühe kommunale Kinos und die Kinoreformbewegung bis zum Ende des ersten Weltkrieges. In Publizistik, 22. Jg./Nr. 1, Konstanz 1977, S. 61–71.
 Peter Brand und Volker Schulze: Medienkundliches Handbuch Die Zeitung. Westermann-Verlag, Braunschweig 1982.
 Volker Schulze: Die Zeitung. Ein medienkundlicher Leitfaden, Aachen 1985. (seither elf aktualisierte Auflagen)
 Bernhand Boll, Hans Süssmuth, Volker Schulze (Hrsg.): Zeitungsland Nordrhein-Westfalen. Geschichte, Profile, Struktur. ZV Zeitungsverlag GmbH, Bonn 1993.
 Volker Schulze: Im Interesse der Zeitung. Zur Kommunikationspolitik des Bundesverbandes Deutscher Zeitungsverleger. Institut für Medienentwicklung und Kommunikation GmbH der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung, Frankfurt 1995.
 Volker Schulze: Wege zum Journalismus. ZV-Verlag Bonn 1994, 10. Auflage, Berlin 2000.
 Volker Schulze: Die Zukunft der Zeitung aus Verlagsperspektive. In: Martin Welke und Jürgen Wilke (Hrsg.): 400 Jahre Zeitung. Die Entwicklung der Tagespresse im internationalen Kontext. Edition lumiére, Bremen 2008, S. 491–498.
 "Verteilzeitungen." In: Peter Schiwy, Walter J. Schütz, Dieter Dörr (Hrsg.): Medienrecht. Lexikon für Praxis und Wissenschaft. Carl Heymanns Verlag, Köln, 5. Auflage 2010, ISBN 978-3-452-27153-2, S. 712–718.
 Berg. Biographie einer Gemeinde in der Ahr-Eifel. Vektor Verlag, Grafschaft 2011. ISBN 978-3-929304-59-6

Literatur
 Kurt Koszyk und Volker Schulze (Hrsg.): Die Zeitung als Persönlichkeit. Festschrift für Karl Bringmann. Düsseldorf, Droste 1982, S. 436.
 Erich Frese (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch der Organisation. Poeschel Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, 3. Auflage S. XLII.
 Beate Schneider, Kurt Reumann, Peter Schiwy (Hrsg.): Publizistik. Beiträge zur Medienentwicklung. Festschrift für Walter J. Schütz. Universitätsverlag, Konstanz 1995, S. 469.
 Wiebke Möhring, Walter J. Schütz, Dieter Stürzebecher (Hrsg.): Journalistik und Kommunikationsforschung. Festschrift für Beate Schneider, Vistas Verlag, Berlin 2007, S. 374.

Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Publizist
Deutscher
Geboren 1939
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.TagHelpers;
using System.Text;

namespace MaterialDesignLite.TagHelpers
{
    public abstract class MdlTagHelperBase : TagHelper
    {
        private readonly string _outputTag;
        private readonly TagMode _tagMode;
        private readonly string[] _defaultCssClass;

        protected MdlTagHelperBase(string[] defaultCssClass, string outputTag = null, TagMode tagmode = TagMode.StartTagAndEndTag )
        {
            _defaultCssClass = defaultCssClass;
            _outputTag = outputTag;
            _tagMode = tagmode;
        }

        protected MdlTagHelperBase(string defaultCssClass, string outputTag = null, TagMode tagmode = TagMode.StartTagAndEndTag)
            : this(new[] {defaultCssClass},outputTag,tagmode)
        {}

        protected MdlTagHelperBase(): this(string.Empty) {}

        protected virtual IList<ConditionnalContent> ConditionnalCssClasses => new List<ConditionnalContent>();
        protected virtual IDictionary<string, string> SpecialAttributs => new Dictionary<string, string>();

        protected virtual IList<ConditionnalContent> ConditionnalPreContents => new List<ConditionnalContent>();
        protected virtual IList<ConditionnalContent> ConditionnalContents => new List<ConditionnalContent>();

        protected virtual IList<ConditionnalContent> ConditionnalPostContents => new List<ConditionnalContent>();

        public override void Process(TagHelperContext context, TagHelperOutput output)
        {

            SetTagName(output);
            SetTagMode(output);
            SetDefaultCssClass(output);
            SetConditionnalCssClass(output);
            SetAttributs(output);
            SetPreContent(output);
            SetContent(output);
            SetPostContent(output);
            AfterPRocess(output);

        }

        private void SetTagMode(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            output.TagMode = _tagMode;
        }

        protected virtual void AfterPRocess(TagHelperOutput output) { }

        private void SetPreContent(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            if (ConditionnalPreContents.AllOk().Any())
            {
                output.PreContent.SetHtmlContent(string.Join(" ", ConditionnalPreContents.AllOk().Select(x => x.Invoke(output))));
            }
        }

        private void SetPostContent(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            if (ConditionnalPostContents.AllOk().Any())
            {
                output.PostContent.SetHtmlContent(string.Join(" ", ConditionnalPostContents.AllOk().Select(x => x.Invoke(output))));
            }
        }

        private void  SetContent(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            if (ConditionnalContents.AllOk().Any())
            {
                output.Content.SetHtmlContent(string.Join(" ", ConditionnalContents.AllOk().Select(x => x.Invoke(output))));
            }
        }

        private void SetAttributs(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            foreach (var specialAttribut in SpecialAttributs)
            {
                output.Attributes.Add(specialAttribut.Key, specialAttribut.Value);
            }
        }

        private void SetConditionnalCssClass(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            foreach (var conditionnalCss in ConditionnalCssClasses.AllOk())
            {
                output.AppendCssClass(conditionnalCss(output));
            }
        }

        private void SetDefaultCssClass(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            output.AppendCssClass(_defaultCssClass);
        }

        private void SetTagName(TagHelperOutput output)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(_outputTag))
            {
                output.TagName = _outputTag;
            }
        }
    }
}