There, as he came of age, Li was told another story, one where all human societies, regardless of creed or language, develop in linear progression, progressing from traditional societies where groups form the basic units to modern societies in which atomized individuals are the sovereign units. And they all want one thing — the vote. With the vote, they produce good government and live happily ever after — paradise on Earth. Sooner or later, electoral democracy will be the only political system for all countries and all peoples, with a free market to make them all rich. Meanwhile, we are engaged in a struggle of good against evil. Good belongs to those who are democracies, charged with the mission of spreading it around the globe — sometimes by force — against the evil of those who do not hold elections.
This story was also a best-seller: according to the Freedom House, the number of countries practicing electoral democracy grew from 45 in 1970 to 115 in 2010. Today, says Li, Western elites endlessly trot this prospectus around the globe as the path to salvation for the long-suffering developing world.
Li, now a venture capitalist based in Shanghai, considered these meta-narratives and compared them to his experience of childhood in China, living on food stamps, versus his experience in the city now — entrepreneurship booming, a fast-growing middle class. In 30 years, China has gone from one of the poorest agricultural countries to the world's second largest economy — and 80% of the world's poverty alleviation during this period happened in China.
What he found punches holes in our assumptions about China's limitations. People think that the one-party system must be operationally rigid, politically closed, morally illegitimate. In fact, he argues, the opposite is true: what defines China's one-party system are adaptability, meritocracy and legitimacy.
Of course, Li concedes the country faces enormous challenges: pollution, population, food safety, and on the political front, corruption, which is widespread and undermines moral legitimacy. But the argument that the one-party system causes corruption doesn't hold water. According to the Transparency International index of corruption, China has recently ranked between 70 and 80 among 170 countries and moving up, while India, the largest electoral democracy in the world, is at 95 and dropping.
Li is not out to condemn democracy. He acknowledges its role in creating the modern world. He's not speaking against its ideals but its universal claim — the hubris — at the heart of the West's common ills, he says. He suggests that if the West spent less time pushing their meta-narrative on others and focusing more on political reform at home, democracy might have a better chance of success.
I totally agree with Mr. Li that Chinese should remain as a slave society because it's a superior system for existing Chinese slaves. For those who mentioned Taiwan's democracy as an exception, I'd argue Taiwan should abandon its freedom and go back to being good Chinese slaves, just like Jewish people should return to Egypt as slaves.
In fact, the burden of freedom is so great, that everyone in the world should be slaves of CCP.
This is trolling of the worst kind, and very representative of the type of complacent thinking that has Chinese students flocking to British and American Universities. I am glad that Mr. Li has a large megaphone in his country, but perhaps he forgets that that is so because of his wealth.
1. Democracy is not alien or foreign to Confucian societies. Just Ask Taiwan, Korea and Japan how 'alien" civic engagement is to them.
2. China needs to stop saying that their growth is solely theirs. Without Taiwanese investment they would not be where they are. Every major company we associate with the new China has TW, or HK, capital behind it.
3. The one party system does nothing but hamper efficiency and creativity just ask Hu Zhicheng or the myriad company owners who constantly have to fight with party officers to maintain quality control or fight off cheap (and dangerous) knock-offs of their work made by relatives of Party Officers. In fact the types of bribery that you need to engage on in China in order to do business are Byzantine in scope.
5. Unfortunately he seems to be painting with the widest brush of all. Democracy takes place in a VARIETY of contexts. Get it? VARIETY. There are Constitutional Democracies, Parliamentary Democracies, There are even Democracies with Kings. So to say that "Democracy" is failing is as informed as saying that "Technology" is failing. Which technology? In what context? European party systems have as long a vetting process as any politburo and they are based on merit as well. To whatever degree Western countries are failing has more to do with the concentration of wealth in ever fewer hands, the subsequent dumbing-down of education, and the loss of colonies. Let's face it for a long time the West benefited from abusing other societies directly, now the playing field is more even and the shock is being felt. But that has nothing to do with multi-party politics. Many of the woes of the US have to do in fact with the lack of political parties, not the abundance of them.
6. For all its growth China is doing very little with that money because it's all ending in very few hands. There is still no social security system in China. Rural life is decrepit and miserable in many parts of the country. higher education is mediocre despite the amazing potential of Chinese students In fact every major effort that the Communist Party has undertaken since it's inception has been a dismal failure: the Great Leap F., the Cult. Rev., the One-Child Pol. The one thing that Deng Xiao-Ping got right was to tell the Party to back off from micro-economics and just worry about the large numbers.
The basic fact is that every days millions of Chinese citizens get dispossessed, cheated, and abused out of basic health, education, and civil services, and there is nothing that the Communist Party remotely plans to do about it anytime soon, mostly because the one thing that is alien to them is trust in their own people.
1. Confucianism, in a political sense, barely exist anymore in neither the three countries you mentioned, nor China. Also, all three "countries" you mentioned are financially and politically connected to the US in a grand way.
2. The investment came because the investors knew there would be profit. CCP government (mostly) made that possible beforehand.
3. One example does not describe a whole picture. With that said, Li's point is that the mono-party is not as inefficient as "the west" expects, not totally excluding the possibility of inefficiency.
4. That, unfortunately, is the sacrifice a few has to made for the "big picture". Efficiency over equality. With that said, it needs to be considered that media, as well as people's focus, tend to focus on drama rather than peace. The portion of those who were unsatisfied or whose right were crossed may be very, very small.
5. I tend to agree with you that he dramatized the "democracy faaaaaaaaail" part, but fact remains that there are democratic countries, regardless of forms, are performing nowhere as well as China's behemoth single-party government. Besides, didn't all economical/financial crisis began in a certain democratic country?
6. "It's all ending in very few hands." I suggest you search on YouTube "Are the Poor Getting Poorer?", which would explain why that idea is nonsense fundamentally. It is simply unfair to look solely at the things that needs to be done without considering the progress.
And regards of your general impression of how screwed up China is…let me just say that things are nowhere close as bad over there. That's where I live.
As a Chinese Canadian who spent half of my life in China and half of my life here in Canada, I agree almost completely with Mr. Eric Li's views. It is very sad that some people without the perspective of living in both sides are unable or unwilling to admit that so called "direct democracy" is not the only way forward.
1. There is no such thing as Confucian society anymore. The overthrowing of Qing dynasty ended that. That's beside the point. The point is, Japan and Taiwan are prime examples of elect and regret. Japan's economy has not truly grown in decades, and Taiwan's economy is only growing because its close economic relationship with China. The main election issue in Taiwan is sovereignty from China, which will never happen as both US and China will not allow this.
2. Growth will not happen without the environment for growth to be there, why would so many capitalists choose to invest in a one-party country like China but not the largest democracy of India? By your argument, India should be a much more attractive to investors, but the opposite is true. Government policy and the political environment is a major factor in growth, if a country attracts investments and grows, they are doing something right.
3. Unfortunately corruption is ripe in many countries. The recently arrest Montreal mayor and ex-mayor, the recently sentences Detroit mayor are prime examples. The difference being the bribes in China are called bribes, the bribes in North America are called campaign donations or consulting contracts after the politician leaves office. But unfortunately most would describe the Chinese market being the most competitive despite the rampant violation of copy rights. Some people have even said violation of copy rights some times spur innovation because the large companies cannot become complacent and rely on old copy rights to make money. Imagine what would happen if Apple has won all the copy right cases against Samsung and other major smart phone producers.
4. This is something the government is working on. With modern technology it is harder and harder for local government to keep abuses under wrap. But the fact you hear about these things are an improvement because it shows it is not so bad that people are afraid to organize and protest. I would hope the spread of social media will curb this problem. By the way, nobody of Chinese decent likes the Dalai Lama, not even Tibetans inside the country. Under he's rule Tibet was an aristocratic society with nobility and monks ruling over the people with absolute power. Please do not think a theocracy that impressed the Nazis with it's ruthlessness as a good thing.
5. The Chinese (at least the government) calls their system a democracy too, centralized democracy. The west call the Chinese system a dictatorship. But have you ever seen a dictatorship with term limits and limited power where the leader can be overruled by the Politburo? Giving it names does not change facts, elected politicians are inferior to career professional politician who worked their way up the ranks. Have you ever asked yourself why concentration of wealth into the hands of few? Let me tell you, this is not a new problem, China seen it at work over thousands of years with the rise and fall of dynasties. But let me tell you, a democracy that relies on "donations" and "contributions" from these few to be able to get elect will not solve this problem. Come on man… lack of political parties in USA? There are hundreds of them big and small. You must mean ruling parties. But this is the thing, for the elite few they do not want more choice, because it is easier to control with two dominant parties, both of which can be bought. How do you propose to increase the number of ruling parties when only these two gets billions to run campaigns? That is why, campaign donation is illegal in China.
6. Were you listening to the same presentation as I was. Over the past three decades, 80% of poverty elimination are in China. You are just pulling crap out of your behind. The new social medicine program has just kicked in. My grandpa who live in a small rural town is getting 90% of his medical expenses cover by the government. So almost universal health care, I cannot say the same for the US. Education is something different, the old habits of micro managing from parents and stress on exam preparation has really negative side effects. But as you may note, some of the high ranking universities and colleges are hundreds of years old, the Chinese are decades at the most. Besides, look at the education system in India, it is worse by far and I cannot agree that this education system is the fault of the political system. One child policy is the one of the saving grace of China. If the population was not controlled. China would have population of over 1.8 billion and be even poorer and massive food problems. It is not implement perfectly and the enforcement is down right awful, but please, the policy is correct.
LOL, as to your conclusion, I can say the same for the US. Please do not make these statements without first hand knowledge. Because my grandpa got free bypass surgery just weeks ago. The basic facts is The basic fact is that every days millions of US citizens get dispossessed, cheated, and abused out of basic health, education, and civil services, and there is nothing that the Democratic and Republican Parties remotely plans to do about it anytime soon, mostly because the one thing that is alien to them is trust in their own people.
Many people (especially Chinese) fail to see is economic growth isn't everything. It's not even the most important thing. If you take human rights out the picture, we Chinese are now but a bunch of well fed pigs. And, we don't owe the economic growth to the Party. It was the Party who held back China in its first 30 years of ruling (1949 – 1980). Had there not been the Party, China would be equally if not more successful.
As far as Eric's opinions on today's China, I find many of them superficial and incorrect. For example, when asked how people get heard by the government, he replied that there are surveys. In fact, during my entire life (31 yo), I've never been surveyed, and never heard of a single family member or friend was surveyed. Quite the contrary, on many hearings on raising the price of public services (gas, bus, electricity and etc), there often appear to be some public representatives who vote in favor of such raise in price. Again, I don't know how these representatives get chosen and why they have the right to speak on behalf of me.
@E C: No country is perfect. As a Chinese, I feel very lucky that China did not fall down like Soviet Union in late 1980s and early 1990s. Because, as you can see, the living standard in Russia and Ukraine is much much worse than it was before Soviet broke up. Consider the US, a democracy fundamentalism country, still we can see PRISM. In this country, president will be killed if he failed to represent the interests of a certain group. In this country, if you are actively advocate for equal rights, you will be killed. Of course, afterwards, people start to learn what can be said and what cannot be said.
I am not saying which country is better or what. I just want to say that we should open our mind.
China's one-party system may be adaptable, meritocratic, and legitimate, but in China, there is no debate. Nobody would be able to write an op-ed, or a blog, where they say it is NOT.
In fact, many of the topics on TED wouldn't be allowed: Human rights? Democracy? Nope. Go straight to a labor camp.
Reblogged this on Moleskine's Philology.


One for the Dads - Post no longer relevant.
Re: MAIN SITE FAILURE, who's able to find the forum?
I've found the site thankfully.
I tried to get here thru Facebook and had a mild panic.Who could be powerful enough to have an account suspended?I can't imagine there are many individuals who would complain about rare TOTP BBC content.
More likely to be the music copyright owner, they have bots looking for their music which then requests the site is suspended. The other year one of Warner's asked for their own website to be blocked.
Been fine here, but I nearly always come via a direct link.
Hi Folks. As I've stated elsewhere on the forum, there's no problem with copyright cops.
The fault is entirely mine: I went off on holiday and forgot to pay the sites monthly server bill.
I've temporarily redirected the oneforthedads.org.uk address directly to the nabble forum, so we hopefully shouldn't lose any stray contributors and readers.
all I sent is the amount I spent on one clip in the past, I am so grateful for the work that several people put into the site. It's over 10 years since I joined an old site, and still get pleasure every day.
I tried to send you a PM but I do not think it went through. I sent you a £5 donation by my name of Michael Kutapan otherwise Hanway2 on here. I hope all the donations helped, and the site remains open for a long time to come yet.
I appreciate all the efforts you have made and have enjoyed very much watching the rare Pan's routines on the website.
Thanks Hanway2 & Mojo2007, both for these comments and of course your donations: I'll get you on to the thanks list in the next day or so.


On Thursday 5th March at LUME, I'll be playing a duo set with the excellent bass player Seth Bennett. It's our first duo gig, and we've had some really nice plays so I'm very much looking forward to it. Do come along if you're free: we're sharing the bill with Backyard Chassis, which is a trio of Corey Mwamba (vibes), Adam Fairhall (lots of cool and weird keyboards) and Johnny Hunter (drums)! The venue is our usual LUME haunt Long White Cloud, 151 Hackney Road, E2 8JL. It's two minutes' walk from Hoxton overground. Here's a photoshop of me and Seth to help you imagine the gig.
This entry was posted in Gigging, LUME, News, SethCath on February 28, 2015 by cath.
This entry was posted in Flyers and posters, News on February 11, 2015 by cath.


text:
Гнучкі резервуари - це  обладнання для зберігання рідин, таких як вода, добрива, стоки, нафта або масло. У порівнянні зі сталевими резервуарами, гнучкі резервуари мають багато переваг, включаючи меншу вагу та стійкість до іржі.

Історія
Гнучкі резервуари вперше були використані в літаках другої світової війни, включаючи як винищувачі, такі як Spitfire, так і бомбардувальники. До ранніх виробників гнучких резервуарів належав Марстон Ексельсіор, який виготовляв паливні баки для бомбардувальників Vickers Wellington та винищувачів-бомбардувальників de Havilland Mosquito у другій світовій війні.

Резервуари, що використовуються в F1 та ралійних автомобілях, та паливні баки для бойових машин є різновидом зміцненого тканиною термопластичного або гумового резервуара для зберігання рідин. Це значно зменшило кількість смертей від вогню серед гонщиків.  Гумові паливні баки стали життєздатною технологією для автомобілів з кінця 1950-х років  але нечисленні виробники застосували їх.

Водна промисловість почала використовувати гнучкі мембрани в 1950-х роках. Переваги перед жорсткими системами зберігання включають низьку вартість, менший ріст водоростей, нижче забруднення підземних вод і менше випаровування та просочування. Через структурні обмеження гнучких резервуарів вони, як правило, мають максимально рекомендовану ємність для зберігання води.

Зберігання рідини
Гнучкі резервуари - інноваційний продукт для зберігання і транспортування рідин: добрив, води, палива, масла, промислових і сільськогосподарських стоків, виготовлений з міцної поліефірної тканини зі стійким до впливу зовнішнього середовища і агресивних рідин покриттям

Метод зберігання рідин в гнучких резервуарах все частіше використовується як серед великих виробників галузей, так і серед невеликих сільських господарств та приватних споживачів.

Переваги
Гнучкі резервуари не вимагають будівельних робіт, зведення фундаменту і дозвільної документації.

Установка на підготовленому майданчику займає менше години.

Деякі гнучкі цистерни можуть бути використані як транспортні контейнери на вантажних автомобілях, кораблях або літаках, а деякі  придатні для використання на аеродромах, гойдалках на вертольотах або для перевезення рідини на дальні відстани

Серед переваг також треба відзначити, що в гнучких резервуарах матеріал не вступає в реакцію з речовиною зберігання.

Гнучкі резервуари можуть бути виготовлені з поліефірної тканини з високою міцністю на розтяг, з еластомером або пластомером (ПУ, ПВХ, нітрил ), покритими з обох сторін.

Варіанти застосування
• На промислових об'єктах;

• у фермерских господствах і садах;

• у віддалених житлових районах;

• муниципальных об'єктах;

• на пожежних станціях для збільшення запасів води;

• зберігання стоків, бурого розчину, шламу, дігестата;

• модернізація міських і колекторних станцій очистки;

• зберігання виробничних відходів для подальшої утилізації;

• зберігання нафтопродуктів;

• організація процесу очистки, ремонту, запуску в роботу стаціонарних нафтосховищ.

Дивіться також
Резервуари

Список літератури

Зовнішні посилання

 SAE International: Гнучкі танки для літаків Загальні рекомендації щодо проектування та встановлення 1996 р
 Виконавець з питань охорони праці: Вплив взаємодії рідинної структури на динамічну реакцію посудин та резервуарів, що піддаються динамічному навантаженню, 2007  (жорсткі та гнучкі резервуари)
 Національна комісія уряду Австралії з питань води: Підручник з проектування та встановлення резервуару для дощової води, 2008 рік  .
 Fem сейсмічний аналіз сталевих резервуарів для зберігання нафти на промислових об'єктах  (14th WCEE, 2008).
 Посібник Грейс:  паливні баки Marston Excelsior для літаків Другої світової війни.
Поліестери
Еластомери
Резервуари чистої води
Резервуари
Добрива
__ІНДЕКС__

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Voter Fraud Is Extremely Rare, Hard to Accomplish, Researchers Say
By William Eagle
Campaign Florida residents stand in line to register to vote in November elections, in Miami, Oct. 11, 2016.
For weeks, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump has been telling supporters that voter fraud could undermine the November 8 election and cause him to lose to Democrat Hillary Clinton.
"They even want to try to rig the election at polling booths where so many cities are corrupt and voter fraud is all too common," Trump has said.
His campaign cites a 2012 study by the Pew Charitable Trusts that looked at national voter rolls. The study found that nearly 2 million deceased people were still registered.
Pew blamed outdated voter rolls, however, and the report found that no ballots had been cast illegally.
There are more than 8,000 voting precincts spread across the United States, and each one has local elected officials who are required to regularly update their communities' rolls.
Dead people 'still voting'
Trump recently told supporters in Green Bay, Wisconsin, that "people who have died 10 years ago are still voting."
Researchers say voter fraud involving ballots cast on behalf of deceased voters is rare, according to FactCheck.org.
"This issue of dead people voting is just not substantiated," Lorraine Minnite, a professor at Rutgers University and author of The Myth of Voter Fraud, said in the FactCheck report.
Josh Douglas, a professor at the University of Kentucky College of Law specializing in election law and voting rights, said impersonating anyone, dead or alive, on the voting rolls is not only a federal crime but also hard to do.
"You'd have to go find someone who has died, find that they're still on the voter registration rolls, and go show up at the polls," Douglas said. "In states that don't have a strict voter ID requirement, you still show some sort of verification. ... Everywhere you need to show something or sign in, and your signature can be matched with the [one] you provided when you registered to vote.
"When I go to my precinct, I have to sign in to vote before I go to the machine. ... So, you'd need to have a mind-boggling ability to predict who hasn't shown up, whom you can sign for that's not going to come later in the day, [and] the ability to match your signature perfectly," he added.
FILE - local residents receive their ballots at t
FILE - Local residents receive ballots at the Polk County Election Office on the first day of early voting in Des Moines, Iowa, Sept. 29, 2016.
Justin Levitt, deputy assistant attorney general in the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, authored a 2007 study by the New York University School of Law that stated, "There have been a handful of substantiated cases of individual ineligible voters attempting to defraud the election system. But by any measure, voter fraud is extraordinarily rare."
In 2014, a study, also authored by Levitt, found just 31 instances of voter fraud — out of nearly 1 billion ballots cast — between 2000 and 2014, CNET reported.
Campaign to root out fraud
The New York Times noted that an aggressive campaign against voter fraud by the administration of President George W. Bush brought 120 cases, with 86 convictions, out of 200 million votes cast.
After the study, Pew worked with several states to clean up voter registration rolls, which are affected each time people move, change their name or die.
The Electronic Registration Information Center was created and is used by 21 states and the District of Columbia, CNET reported. The system compares and analyzes data from the 22 entities regarding voter and motor vehicle registrations, U.S. Postal Service addresses and Social Security death records.
"People expect the government is going to be more efficient than it is," David Becker, who helped lead the Pew study and is now executive director of the Center for Election Innovation and Research, told CNET. "They don't realize they have to tell many different state and federal agencies about something like a move."
Trump also alleges at his campaign rallies that illegal immigrants are voting enough to swing the outcome of an election.
A voter registration sign is seen on a taco truck,
FILE - A voter registration sign is seen on a taco truck, as part of the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce's "Guac the Vote" campaign, in Houston, Texas, Sept. 29, 2016.
Registered to vote
Douglas said that only U.S. citizens can legally register to vote and that any names of noncitizens on the registry would most likely be few, and placed there by error.
"There's some suggestion that there may be some illegal immigrants on voter roles in some states — usually by mistake — and they don't even know they're there," he said. "Typically, [it might occur] when they are interacting with a government agency for something, and as part of that they automatically get registered to vote. There's [virtually no] evidence that these people, even if they are on the rolls, show up to vote.
"There's zero evidence that illegal immigrants are nefariously trying to infiltrate the U.S. election system by covertly registering and then going to vote," Douglas said.
He also said that because of the signature requirement, it also was not likely that a person could vote multiple times. What's more, he said, there are other safeguards. Someone trying to commit voter fraud would most likely be spotted by poll workers, who stay at the polling place all day.Trained political party officials and pro-voting groups also monitor the process.
Douglas said fraud could theoretically affect small local elections, where fewer voters are involved. It could include dishonest poll workers or the purchase or theft of absentee and mail-in ballots.
But he said there's no evidence of fraud on a large scale that could throw a state or national election.
FILE - John Spindler, a lawyer representing the Re
FILE - John Spindler, a lawyer representing the Republican National Committee, watches as poll workers issue a ballot to Tommie Rash, right, at Hopkins Street School on the north side of Milwaukee, Wis., Nov. 2, 2004.
Poll monitors
Trump has also called upon supporters to monitor polling places and be vigilant for voter fraud in areas such as in some inner cities. The statement raises the specter of voter intimidation at polling sites.
Most states make provisions for citizen observers, though they have to be credentialed ahead of the voting. They must also not interfere in the casting of any ballots or try to intimidate voters.
Douglas said voters who suspect fraud or have problems casting their ballots will have access to voter protection teams and lawyers at the voting sites.
Many state officials who oversee elections, including secretaries of state and governors, have come forward to say there will be no rigging. Thirty-one of 50 U.S. states are led by Republicans, including the swing states of North Carolina, Ohio, Wisconsin and Florida.
Analysts: Trump's Reluctance to Accept Vote Result Unprecedented
U.S. political analysts say Republican Donald Trump's assertion that next month's presidential election is rigged, and that he might not accept the outcome if he loses, is unprecedented in the country's long electoral history. Trump debated Democrat Hillary Clinton for 90 minutes late Wednesday on a host of issues, trading taunts and policy stances in their third and final face-to-face encounter. But when asked whether he would accept the result of the November 8…
By Ken Bredemeier
Obama: Trump's Claim of 'Rigged' Election Is 'No Laughing Matter'
President Barack Obama says Republican candidate Donald Trump's insistence that the November 8 election is rigged against him is "no laughing matter."Campaigning for Democrat Hillary Clinton in Miami on Thursday, Obama said Trump's shifting stance on whether he will accept American voters' verdict on the presidential race next month was "dangerous" for democracy.Trump's latest position, which he enunciated Thursday, apparently in jest to fervent supporters, was to say he…
By Chris Hannas
Fact-checking Clinton and Trump on Terrrorism, Immigration, Economy
Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump faced off Wednesday at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas in Nevada for their third and final debate before the November 8 presidential election.The two began the night debating their very different approaches to some of the country's stickiest issues: gun rights, abortion and immigration.It was a striking turnabout from how the previous two debates unfolded. The last time the two met, in St. Louis, the debate moderators began by asking…

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I think it is fair to say that I am quite the fan of jewellery (my day job is based in the jewellery trade) so when Harry Fay contacted me to ask if I would like to review one of their rings I was very excited!!
For a lot of us plus size ladies finding rings to fit can be a total pain but Harry Fay carry rings in a size G right through to a Z+4 which is an amazing range of sizes and not something that you see so readily on offer from other retailers.
I chose to try something from the Georgette range and here it is!!
It is a pink Cubic Zirconia with three smaller CZ's on each shoulder so gives a nice sparkle when the light catches it. As I already have a wedding band and engagement ring on my right hand for me I would wear this as a dress ring on my left hand but that is just my personal preference.
If you are looking for some sparkle to light up your hand then these rings are good value with most priced at £40 and under so great for those on a budget as we the ever rising cost of gold its nice to know there are alternatives out there.


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ArticleCountryHealthSierra Leone
Kush, the 'sleeping drug' slowly killing Sierra Leonean youth
Fayia J. MoserayOctober 29, 2022
Kush (cannabis). Source: Wikipedia
In recent years, the youth of Sierra Leone have taken to the use of synthetic marijuana/drug called "Kush." It is popularly known to be a variant of marijuana (weed), which a lot of young folks smoke nowadays to, as they say, make them feel good.
Research conducted by the American Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), described Kush as a synthetic version of tetrahydrocannabinol mixture of plant material sprayed with synthetic psychoactive chemicals similar to the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana/weed.
The Urban Dictionary also describes Kush as a strain of Cannabis that is almost solely of the Indica variety. It states further that Kush is a sweet-smelling plant part of the Cannabis-Indica family that makes the plant short and squat in appearance.
The drug comes in different colours and textures. According to research, most Kush drugs have some purple colouration and very dense buds. Kush is part of the Cannabis Genius indica family. The following are some of the various types of Kush — Afghan Kush, Hindu Kush, Green Kush; Purple Kush, OG Kush and Bubba Kush – which are classified as the popular Kush strains of the Cannabis-indica drug family.
Kush looks a bit different from marijuana, and according to consumers, its reaction on them is quite different from the reaction they get after smoking marijuana.
The Kush variant of marijuana is also renowned for its heavy sedative effects on its users.
The drug has numerous "street names." However, some call it: Bliss, Black Mamba, Blaze, Bombay Blue, Fake Weed, Legal Weed, Genie, Zohai, etc. Of all these street names, two of them stand out — "Spice" and "K2."
Research shows that Kush is grown in the mountainous regions of Pakistan, Afghanistan and some parts of India, and this drug exists in many different forms.
OG Kush. Source: Wikipedia Pictures
Also, Kush drug has different Hybrid strains, all coming from the C-genius-indica; the different strains include – Blueberry Kush and Golden Jamaican Kush.
Research shows that all Kush strains trace their roots back to the Kush Mountain range in India, hence their name.
Scene of youth smoking Kush.
The arrival of Kush in Sierra Leone
"Kush" is one of the popular substances (drugs) that have recently arrived in Sierra Leone. This drug certainly came to the spotlight sometime around 2020/2021. Other sources say that the drug arrived much earlier but was not in widespread circulation.
A picture of a young man who repairs bike tyres.
Why do youths smoke Kush, and how does it affect them?
Even though Kush is a drug labelled as "not meant for human consumption," humans, particularly young folks, have made food and water out of the drug with dire repercussions. They see it as a temporary solution to their economic challenges.
Youths, who are frequent users of dangerous drugs, like, cocaine, marijuana, have resolved to take Kush for their gratification, as stated by one of the users of Kush I spoke to.
"When I smoke Kush, it gives me strength and courage to do my sex work. Frankly, I am not happy to smoke Kush, but it is the only thing that gives me the power, strength, and courage to do my sex job," Kadiatu Lahai (not her real name), a commercial sex worker, disclosed to DUBAWA.
With that strength, she can have sex with ten or more men, she added.
A young lady who is a Kush addict.
Mohamed Koroma and Alfred Sesay (not their real names) also indicated that they smoke Kush to feel good and get the strength and power to carry out their daily activities.
Koroma and Sesay started smoking Kush as a result of peer influence.
"The first time I smoked Kush, I felt my right foot was missing. I started accusing my friends of losing my right foot, not knowing that my feet were intact. It is interesting, though, laughs! My friends laughed about it but ensured that I remained seated until the friction left me.
"Kush is a bad drug which can make someone get seriously embarrassed. But, now, my system has gotten used to the drug and it hardly affects me like the way it did to me the first time I took it," Koroma said.
When asked if they're aware of the adverse effects of Kush on their health, Koroma said that he is not. On the other hand, Sesay told DUBAWA that he is aware of the negative impacts of Kush, more so to those who smoke it frequently, adding that he wants to stop taking Kush, but it seems challenging for him.
The difficulty, according to him, is that Kush is the only thing that makes him forget his worries and feel good
A young man in a gutter after smoking Kush.
How dangerous is Kush to those who frequently smoke it?
DUBAWA spoke to Abdul Aziz Suma — a medical doctor working at the country's leading health centre — Connaught Hospital in Freetown. He stated that there are a lot of negative effects on the systems of those who smoke it, more so on those who are persistent smokers of the drug.
He said that, in Sierra Leone, Kush is normally laced with formalin (a substance used mainly in the mortuary to preserve dead bodies). So, mixing Kush and formalin makes the drug even worse for consumption by the living.
"Kush is a synthetic drug/marijuana that causes severe respiratory system [defects], which leads to dizziness, headaches, drowsiness, acting abnormally etc. And, in Sierra Leone, for instance, people who process it normally add formalin to it and that is more dangerous to the systems of those who smoke it," he indicated.
Packets of Kush intercepted by the police.
Is Kush legal or illegal in Sierra Leone?
I asked the Head of Communications for the Sierra Leone Police — Superintendent Brima Kamara, who asserted that Kush is an 'illegal drug'; adding that the drug seriously affects young folks who take it because it is produced with the combination of strong and hard chemicals that affect the human brain.
He added that the Sierra Leone Police (SLP) Force had conducted several raids to clamp down on peddlers of these hard drugs, like, tramadol, molly and kush in the country.
He, however, disclosed that despite their robust efforts, there is little success in clamping down on the activities of the peddlers. He admitted that the peddlers of these drugs are on the increase.
When asked for the statistics of drug peddlers in the police net — Superintendent Kamara noted that he couldn't give an accurate number of people who have been arrested or are in police custody for peddling Kush.
However, he disclosed that dozens of young men, including women, have been arrested and charged for possession of "illegal drugs.
Scene of Kush transaction in Freetown.
What did Kush Peddlers have to say?
While speaking to DUBAWA, Foday Sesay (not his real name, aka 'Father') — a drug peddler in Freetown; said that he is into the Kush business as a means of survival. He added that the police usually raid the area where they sell Kush, but they have now gotten used to the raids and even the raiders (police).
He disclosed that youths who smoke Kush are always weak, lazy, and unproductive. Noting further that the hard nature of the drug causes those who smoke it to act abnormally and even sleep against their will until it leaves their systems.
He added that it is rare to see an individual who smokes Kush do something productive when the Kush's friction is in their head.
"Most of the youth who smoke Kush will not be able to engage in anything productive until the drug leaves their systems," another peddler indicated.
A peddler in the Western part of Freetown stated that the police had arrested her and other peddlers on several occasions for peddling Kush and other hard drugs.
She said, "Many of us, the peddlers, have become friends with them (police), and that is the only thing saving us from the numerous raids."
She added that Kush, unlike, marijuana (weed) and tramadol tablets, consumes a lot of money, stating that Kush is sold at 5Nles ($0.29), 7Nles ($0.41) and 10Nles ($0.58) in some places.
She indicated that Kush, unlike regular weed and tramadol, has a short-lived friction or effect on those who smoke it.
"As recently as Tuesday, October 19, 2022, — the SLP conducted a raid on us and took away drugs worth over millions of leones and hard cash of over 15 million leones," a peddler told DUBAWA.
Another peddler (nicknamed: A – Plus) disclosed that people who sell Kush usually get a 100 percent profit on every business they transact.
What do youths who don't smoke Kush think about it?
Alpha Bah, a student at Fourah Bay College (FBC), University of Sierra Leone (USL), informed DUBAWA that "Kush has disgraced dozens of young guys. It is obvious that some students also smoke Kush for only God knows why they smoke it. However, some say that the drug aids them to be able to study for a long time."
He suggested that; "cold water can help to reduce or kill the power of Kush in the system because I experienced a situation where cold water was used to kill the power of Kush in a friend, and that helped him to feel better."
Can chilled water help to kill the power of Kush in the system?
Dr Suma noted, "I have heard some youths who smoke Kush saying that cold water helps to cool down the power of the drug in the head. However, I will have to research as a medical doctor to know if chilled water can kill or reduce the power of Kush in the system."
When asked if addicted Kush smokers have a way out of their addiction, Dr Suma said that people whose systems are addicted to Kush could be cleansed, adding that flushing the entire system of drug addicts can help to revive their systems.
A youth activist perspective of Kush
DUBAWA also spoke to Thomas P. Babadie, the Executive Director (ED) for the Forum for Sierra Leonean Youths Network (FoSLYN) in Freetown — (a non-profit organisation that seeks the interests & welfare of youths in the country).
He told this medium that dozens of youth in the country are seriously involved in drugs and alcoholism due to their numerous challenges.
He noted, according to his investigation as the ED for a viable youth organisation in the country, "unemployment" and "depression" are the two primary reasons why a lot of young people are into ill practices, like drugs and alcoholism. He further said they are the country's two major causes of the 'mental health' challenge.
"My brother, a lot of youths, men and women inclusive, are going through a lot, and that is what is leading them into taking hard drugs, which is seriously affecting them.
For instance, unemployment is killing our youth, and the government and other organisations have to do something about it, and it should be done quickly," Babadie indicated. He called on young folks to desist from hard drugs because they would only harm them and make them unproductive.
Kush has led dozens of youths to injure themselves, with others losing their lives on account of using the banned substance. It is evident that law enforcement agencies and other bodies have clamped down on importers and peddlers of the drug, but those efforts have yielded little success.
It is, however, clear that humans consuming Kush drug are at high risk of acting abnormally and even dying from the banned substance. There is need for more research on the factors leading to the use of the drug on users of Kush and on effective interventions on social and psychological effects of the availability of this dangerous drug in Sierra Leone.
False! Weah never promised to implement war and economic crimes court at UNGA
Is it true one person can have two DNA? Yes, and here's all you need to know
Does a combination of local gin, sugar and salt cure Cholera?
COVID-19 VACCINE DOES NOT LEAD TO PENIS ENLARGEMENT


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Home Actors/Actress Sean Penn: Net worth, Education, Wife, Brother, Tattoo
By Connie Chan
Sean Justin Penn, also known as Sean Penn was born on 17 August 1960, in Santa Monica, California in the United States. This American actor has also excelled in other fields as a screenwriter, producer, and director. For his outstanding performances in the mystery film Mystic River and the biopic Milk, he has received two Academy Awards. His father Leo Penn was also an actor and director. His mother Eileen Ryan was an American actress. His parents influenced Sean in choosing a career in acting. His father was Jewish. His mother is an Irish Catholic with Italian ancestors. Sean Penn grew up in a traditional household in Malibu, California. Let us get to know more about Sean Penn. Stay on the page until the end.
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It is estimated that as of 2021, Sean Penn has a net worth of $80 million. His major sources of income are from his films and the different endorsements. He owns three big mansions in California, San Francisco, and Malibu. Не owns many luхurіоuѕ саrѕ іnсludіng Fоrd Мuѕtаng Ѕhеlbу, Аѕtоn Маrtіn, and Nіѕѕаn Тіtаn.
He attended the Malibu Park Junior High School and Santa Monica High School. Malibu didn't have a high school at the time. He had a great interest in movies and filmmaking. He started making short films with several of his boyhood pals, including Emilio Estevez and Charlie Sheen, who lived nearby. Sean Penn studied auto mechanics and communication at Santa Monica College. Penn decided to skip college and join the Los Angeles Repertory Theater instead.
Penn was engaged to his co-star in Racing with the Moon, actress Elizabeth McGovern. He was also in a relationship with Susan Sarandon for a short time. In February 1985, he met the singer and songwriter Madonna. On her 27th birthday, they got married. Penn celebrated his 25th birthday the next day. The two starred in Jim Goddard's criticized and widely panned Shanghai Surprise released in 1986.
Penn's violent outbursts against the press damaged the reputation of the marriage. He was arrested for punching a photographer on a film set; in mid-1987. He was sentenced to 60 days in jail, of which he served 33 days. Madonna filed for divorce in December 1987. But she withdrew the papers, and then re-filed them in January 1989.
Madonna and Sean had a troubled marriage. Madonna filed an assault complaint against Penn. She complained that she was beaten by her husband in her Malibu, California home. But in January 1989, the Associated Press reported that she dropped assault charges. Penn was accused of hitting Madonna on several occasions, but Madonna dismissed the charges in 2015. Penn moved in with actress Robin Wright after his divorce. On April 13, 1991, their first child, a daughter called Dylan Frances, was born. Hopper Jack, their second child, was born on August 6, 1993. In 1995, Penn and Wright divorced. After seeing Jewel perform in Late Night with Conan O'Brien, he started a relationship with her.
On April 27, 1996, Penn and Wright reunited and married. The couple filed for divorce in December 2007, but reunited a few months later, seeking that their divorce case is dismissed by the court. Later, Penn was in a relationship with Charlize Theron, a South African actress. In 2016, he began dating Australian actress Leila George, Vincent D'Onofrio's daughter. On July 30, 2020, they tied the knot.
Sean is the middle child of the family. His elder brother Michael Penn is a singer, songwriter, and composer. Chris Penn, his younger brother was also an actor. He died in 2006.
In his left hand, he has a Kanji tattoo, which means "power" and "sword." His tattoos are well-known, yet he doesn't use them very often. Sean Penn is also known for his forearm tattoos. This tattoo is plainly visible and refers to a demon-like creature. Sean Penn's eye-catching tattoos are amazing, and some of his fans want to recreate them in their own hands and arms. His tattoos have a unique and traditional meaning. Penn also did David Spade's first tattoo during a segment on Saturday Night Live in 1995.
Penn made an appearance as an extra in the Little House on the Prairie, which his father, Leo, directed. Penn made his cinematic debut in the action movie Taps, in which he played a cadet in the military. He played surfer-stoner Jeff Spicoli in the smash comedy Fast Times at Ridgemont High. His character helped popularise the term "dude" in popular culture. Penn then starred in the drama Bad Boys as Mick O'Brien, as a troubled adolescent (1983). Penn received positive feedback for the part, which helped launch his career as a serious actor.
His work was first acknowledged by the Academy Awards, which nominated him for his role as a racist killer on death row in the drama film Dead Man Walking (1995). He was nominated again for his hilarious portrayal in the film Sweet and Lowdown as an egotistical jazz musician (1999). After portraying a mentally challenged father in I Am Sam, he won his third nomination (2001). He co-starred in The Tree of Life (2011), a drama that won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 2011. Penn featured in The Gunman, a French-American action thriller based on Jean-Patrick Manchette's novel The Prone Gunman, in 2015. Penn portrays Jim Terrier, a sniper in a mercenary assassination team that kills the Congo's mines minister. Penn made his directing debut with the crime drama The Indian Runner (1991). He directed music videos for Shania Twain's "Dance with the One Who Brought You, Peter Gabriel's "The Barry Williams Show," Lyle Lovett's "North Dakota," and some others.
Since then, he's directed three more films, all of which have garnered positive reviews: the indie thriller The Crossing Guard, the mystery picture The Pledge, and the biographical drama Into the Wild. The Last Face (2016), Penn's fifth directorial film, premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. Penn's novel Bob Honey Who Just Do Stuff was published by Atria Books in March 2018.
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About 342,400 Americans were employed as real estate sales agents in 2012.
1 How Much Does an Insurance Agent Make?
Sales agents contact potential customers and try to sell them products or services. Most sales agent jobs require applicants to hold at least a high school diploma or GED. In addition, sales agents usually receive on-the-job training. Some, such as real estate sales agents, need to be licensed by the state in which they work. The expected salary of a sales agent depends heavily on the industry in which he works.
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, real estate sales agents earned an average salary of $51,930 per year in 2012. Half of real estate sales agents employed in the United States reported annual salaries ranging between $27,470 and $63,300 per year. The highest average pay was reported by real estate sales agents working in New York at $83,660 and in the District of Columbia at $82,830. The lowest average pay in the nation was reported by real estate sales agents working in Mississippi at $34,830 and Arizona at $34,440.
Sales agents who sell life, health, auto and other types of insurance reported an average annual salary of $63,400 to the Bureau of Labor Statistics as of 2012. The median-earning 50 percent of insurance agents made between $34,230 and $73,010 per year. The Northeast tended to be the highest-paying region of the country for insurance agents. Across the nation, the highest average pay for insurance sales agents was reported in Rhode Island at $87,130 and the lowest was reported in West Virginia at $44,950.
Sales agents who sell advertising space made an average of $57,270 a year in 2012, according to the BLS. Those employed by ad agencies made an average of $63,680 per year, while advertising sales agents working for newspapers and other print publications averaged just $48,240 per year. Advertising sales agents employed by radio and television stations made $55,710 per year, on average. By state, average pay ranged from a high of $79,500 in Connecticut to a low of $32,410 in Wyoming.
As with salary, the job outlook for a sales agent varies by industry. According to the BLS, the American economy will add jobs at an average rate of 11 percent in the decade from 2012 to 2022. The number of jobs for real estate sales agents is expected to grow at the same rate of about 11 percent. Jobs for insurance sales agents are expected to grow at a similar rate of 10 percent. However, the number of jobs for advertising sales agents is expected to decline 1 percent, and they also are expected to face strong competition for jobs.
Time, Forest. "General Sales Agent Salary." Work - Chron.com, http://work.chron.com/general-sales-agent-salary-29758.html. Accessed 23 April 2019.


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This page was last edited on 14 February 2019, at 15:33 (UTC).


HOW LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES PERCEIVE THE PEOPLE « THE BRYCE IS RIGHT!
This entry was posted on April 9, 2014 at 6:00 am	and is filed under Politics. Tagged: Florida, HOW LIBERALS AND CONSERVATIVES PERCEIVE THE PEOPLE, palm harbor, The Bryce is Right, tim bryce. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
"Excellent review of liberal versus conservative perspectives. My personal challenge is that, as a society we have all too often gone to dramatic lengths to coddle and care for a large percentage of children without letting them learn their limits. The children then grow into "entitled" adults, which the liberals then herd. We have a growing wave of needy adults who have no safety net. Wild children become adult criminals. The mental-health system is now the judicial system. Prisons are the new rehabilitation centers. Wards too often become prisoners. We can do better.
Perhaps the best exposition of how the Left and the Right see the world differently (and definitely of the ramifications of that dichotomy) is still Thomas Sowell's book A Conflict of Visions. It is by no stretch a casual read, but what was still largely a theoretical construct (i.e. in terms of the law/policy consequences of radically different ways of viewing reality), when the volume was written in the late 80s, has now played out to such an extent that one might now call Atlas Shrugged a definite work of non-fiction.


Stealing a base in baseball is definitely an art. It is a maneuver that can give a team a great advantage when trying to score points. Of course, speed has a lot to do with being a good base stealer, but there are many more fundamentals that need to be learned in order to become a great base runner.
When it comes to becoming a great base stealer, there are three aspects of your game that you really need to develop: speed, awareness and patience. Speed is developed simply by running. It is best to include both long and short runs into your training regime. Long runs will build stamina and increase your muscle strength. Short runs and sprints will develop your burst, which is what you need to make your first step off the base a quick one and give you the initial jump on the ball that you need to successfully get to the next base before the ball gets there.
The mental part of stealing a base demands that you increase your awareness of the game.
You need to be able to anticipate what will happen with the pitcher and the batter. This comes with time and a lot of study and game film. Picking and choosing the right time to run is another very important part of being a good base stealer. No matter how fast you are, your base stealing percentage won't be that high if you don't pick your opportunities wisely. The entire point of stealing a base is to give your team an advantage. If you are attempting steals regularly and getting caught most of the time, you are not doing your team any favors.
Now let's take a more in-depth look into the entire process.
To become a good base stealer, you need to be able to anticipate what the pitcher is going to do. If you start running once the ball has already passed the plate, you will almost always get thrown out. Reading the pitcher and his delivery is what will allow you to get to the next base safely.
Every pitcher has two very distinct motions when either throwing to the catcher or throwing to a base in order to try and pick the runner off or keep him from running. You really need to take a good look at these different motions and be able to identify them. Look at every part of the pitchers body for signs. Identify the pitcher's motions that give away what he's doing and where he is going with the ball.
When looking at the pitchers legs, keep your eye on the mound. If his foot is not planted into the mound, there is a good chance that he is going to be throwing to the base. The pitcher's eyes can say a lot as well. Many will give a quick glance to the runner before they throw a pitch. If the pitcher does not give you a look, there is a good chance that he is going to try and pick you off. The hips and shoulders are most important to the pitcher. They need to be closed in on the plate in order to throw a good pitch. If the shoulders or hips are open while he is winding up, he's probably going to throw it your way.
If you are on first base, reading a left-handed pitcher is easier, because he is facing you. But at the same time, it is a lot easier for him to throw at you, because he does not have his back turned to the base.
Reading the pitcher takes a lot of time to perfect. This mental part of base stealing is what gives you a big advantage once you get good at it, and it enables you to be a great base runner even if you are not the fastest runner.
Generally, there are two types of leads that you can take off the base: a stationary lead and a walking lead. A stationary lead is what you will see most of the fastest base runners take. They take a few strides off of the base, with their eyes on the pitcher the entire time, and crouch down a bit. These base runners usually have a very quick first step, which not only enables them to take off towards the next base faster, but also jump back to their original base if the pitcher tries to pick them off.
A walking lead is generally taken by slower runners, or taller players that have long legs that take a while to get going. This type of base runner stays on the base while the pitcher is winding up and then takes a couple strides off of the base during the pitcher's windup.
The most important thing to do when choosing a lead is to find the right one for you and to stick to it. When you are using the same technique all of the time, you are not giving anything away to the pitcher. If you are using a stationary lead when you want to run and a walking lead when you are aren't going, you are telegraphing your plan to the pitcher. Pick the one the suits you best and stick to it so that you aren't giving the pitcher an advantage unnecessarily.
Running is actually the easiest part of base stealing. Once you have committed yourself to the run, take off and don't look back. There is nothing more detrimental to stealing bases than second-guessing yourself. Commit and go for it. Don't look back at the ball, focus on the next base and run as fast as you can.
There are two types of slides that you can use when coming into the base you are stealing. You can slide feet first or head first. Feet first is easier to learn and safer. However, you might want to learn sliding head first as well, because many believe that it is a faster way to reach the base. However, it is harder to do and you are more prone to injury when sliding head first.
When sliding feet or head first, it's most important to know when to slide. Sliding in too early or too late can hurt your chances of successfully stealing the base. If you slide too early you might not make it to the base, and if you slide too late, you might overshoot the base and get tagged out while you are off the base. Generally, look to slide three to five feet before the base.
When sliding feet first, tuck your feet under you so that one foot rests underneath the other leg. Find out which foot you want to lead with through trial and error in order to find out what feels most natural. Keep your core firm and upright and put your hands up. Do not allow your body or arms to fall back behind you, make sure that you are upright with only your legs stretched out in front.
When doing it head first, you should be landing on your stomach with your head and chest up. If your head and chest are not up, you will most likely bury yourself in the dirt, possibly embarrass yourself, and run a greater risk of injury.
Once you have stolen the base successfully, make sure to find the umpire and call for a time out before getting off the base. Call a time out, get up, wipe yourself clean, and get back on the base. Now you are ready to focus on stealing the next base.
Kevin Kerekes is a New Jersey resident and former Division I Rutgers baseball player. His popular NJ blog serves the Florham Park area, while his twitter and LinkedIn profiles interact with thousands more in the social world. For more about Kevin Kerekes, see his About.me profile.


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Matt Combs
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Classical studies with Paul Kantor, David Perry, and Andrzej Grabiec. 1998 Rocky Mountain Fiddle Champion. Performances across the United States and Europe. Regular televised appearances on the Grand Ole Opry, PBS, CMT, and GAC. Performed and recorded with John Hartford, Marty Stuart, Jimmy Martin, Mike Snider, Kenny Baker and Josh Graves. Live appearances with Vassar Clements, Ricky Skaggs, Charlie Pride, Ralph Stanley, Curly Seckler, Mike Marshall, Earl Scruggs, and Dierks Bentley. Featured performer at Bellingham Festival of Music, Chamber Music at the Barn, Wichita State University, and The New England Conservatory. As an educator, workshops at Mark O'Connor's Fiddle Camp, Blair's International Fiddle School, Chamber Music at the Barn Acoustic Workshop, and Wichita State University. Recorded on Grammy-winning soundtrack for PBS' Rachael and Andrew. Arrangements for Roy "Futureman" Wooten, Wichita State University's Percussion Ensemble, and David Grisman's Mandolin Symposium. Currently co-producing with Sub-ID on a multi-genre solo album. Blair School since 2004.
SPECIALTY COURSE: Traditional Fiddling (MUSO 105a-105b)
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Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu (MNWr) – jedno z głównych muzeów Wrocławia i Dolnego Śląska. Zbiory muzeum obejmują przede wszystkim malarstwo i rzeźbę, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sztuki całego Śląska. Składa się z gmachu głównego i trzech oddziałów.

Historia

Do zakończenia II wojny światowej
Poprzednikami Muzeum Narodowego we Wrocławiu w XIX wieku i do 1945 było utworzone w 1815 r. Królewskie Muzeum Sztuki i Starożytności (Königliches Museum für Kunst und Altertümer), powstałe w 1880 Śląskie Muzeum Sztuk Pięknych (Schlesisches Museum der Bildenden Künste) oraz utworzone w 1899 Śląskie Muzeum Rzemiosła Artystycznego i Starożytności (Schlesisches Museum für Kunstgewerbe und Altertümer). Podczas II wojny światowej część zbiorów wywieziono z Wrocławia i zabezpieczono, duża ich część podczas wojny uległa zniszczeniu lub rozproszeniu względnie uległa grabieży po wojnie przez wojska radzieckie i szabrowników.

Po II wojnie światowej
Po II wojnie światowej, kiedy Wrocław znalazł się w granicach Polski, podjęto decyzję o utworzeniu nowego muzeum, polskiego w charakterze, które powołano 1 stycznia 1947. Wobec zniszczenia lub poważnego uszkodzenia budynków dawnych muzeów siedzibą Muzeum stał się budynek przy obecnym pl. Powstańców Warszawy. Muzeum otwarto dla publiczności 11 lipca 1948. Instytucja ta kilkakrotnie zmieniała nazwę. Zapoczątkowała swą działalność jako Muzeum Państwowe, w 1950 zmieniono nazwę na Muzeum Śląskie (co określało profil jego działania), a w 1970 r. zostało podniesione do rangi Muzeum Narodowego.

Od roku 1983 do końca 2013 roku Muzeum Narodowym kierował Mariusz Hermansdorfer, a od początku 2014 – Piotr Oszczanowski.

Dyrektorzy
 dr Jerzy Güttler jako dyrektor Muzeum Śląskiego we Wrocławiu (1947–1952)
 dr hab. Zbigniew Hornung jako dyrektor Muzeum Śląskiego we Wrocławiu (1952–1953)
 mgr Józef Gębczak jako dyrektor Muzeum Śląskiego we Wrocławiu (1953–1959)
 dr hab. Zbigniew Hornung jako dyrektor Muzeum Śląskiego we Wrocławiu (1959–1962)
 dr Maria Starzewska jako dyrektor Muzeum Śląskiego we Wrocławiu (1963–1969)
 dr Leszek Itman (1970–1983)
 mgr Mariusz Hermansdorfer (1983–2013)
 dr Piotr Oszczanowski (od 2014)

Budynek
Obecny gmach muzeum powstał w latach 1883–1886 w stylu późnego neorenesansu, według projektu Karla Friedricha Endella, jako siedziba Zarządu Prowincji Śląskiej. Budynek ucierpiał częściowo w trakcie II wojnie światowej. Po jej zakończeniu został poddany odbudowie, a później przystosowaniu do celów muzealnych w latach 1946–1947. Od tego czasu mieści się w nim siedziba Muzeum Narodowego.

Otoczenie budynku

Obiekt znajduje się tuż nad brzegiem Odry przy bulwarze Xawerego Dunikowskiego i pl. Powstańców Warszawy. W jego otoczeniu znajduje się wiele rzeźb. Przy wejściu głównym do gmachu ustawiono brązowe posągi przedstawiające dwóch wielkich artystów renesansu Albrechta Dürera i Michała Anioła dłuta Augusta Hertla. Przy południowo-zachodnim narożniku budynku stoi rzeźba Alegoria rybołówstwa Christiana Behrensa. Od strony rzeki znajduje się ponadto grupa rzeźb Rycerze króla Artura Magdaleny Abakanowicz.

Zbiory
Zbiory Muzeum Narodowego we Wrocławiu liczą obecnie ponad 200 000 obiektów reprezentujących wszystkie dziedziny sztuki. Trzon kolekcji tworzą artefakty głównie z obszaru Wrocławia i Dolnego Śląska, a znaczna część z nich pochodzi ze zbiorów dawnych muzeów niemieckich. Znajdują się tu także dzieła sztuki przekazane w 1946 roku z lwowskich galerii sztuki przez ówczesne władze ZSRR. Dzięki regularnie prowadzonym zakupom dzieł malarstwa, grafiki, rzeźby i rzemiosła artystycznego wciąż się ona powiększa, dzięki temu wrocławskie zbiory należą do najliczniejszych i najbardziej różnorodnych w kraju.

Obecnie ekspozycja w gmachu głównym jest podzielona na sześć galerii stałych. Do 2018 istniała zamiast galerii "Cudo-twórcy" wystawa dzieł sztuki współczesnej, która jednak w większości jest prezentowana w oddziale Pawilonie Czterech Kopuł.

Śląska rzeźba kamienna XII–XVI w.

Składa się na kilkanaście rzeźb kamiennych i ich fragmentów, dlatego galeria ta nazywana jest zwyczajowo lapidarium. Na ekspozycji podziwiać można przykłady romańskiej i gotyckiej rzeźby architektonicznej i nagrobkowej. Wśród zabytków romańskich wyróżnia się XII-wieczny tympanon z Ołbina pochodzący z portalu kościoła pw. NMP i św. Wincentego.

Obok niego prezentowane są nagrobki śląskich książąt z rodu Piastów. Najcenniejszym obiektem jest ustawiony centralnie nagrobek księcia Henryka IV Probusa. Jest to jeden z najpiękniejszych gotyckich nagrobków książęcych w tej części Europy. W 1946 roku sarkofag został odnaleziony we wsi Wierzbna koło Świdnicy, gdzie w obawie przed zniszczeniem ukryto go w czasie II wojny światowej.

Ponadto prezentowane są także rzeźby kamienne, a wśród nich Pieta pochodząca z kościoła Najświętszej Marii Panny na Piasku. Rzeźba powstała około 1400 roku, prawdopodobnie w warsztacie wrocławskiego mistrza, i przedstawia siedzącą Marię trzymającą na kolanach martwe ciało Chrystusa.

Na wystawie prezentowanej można zobaczyć również sześć XV-wiecznych witraży, wśród których na uwagę zasługują dwa przedstawiające scenę zwiastowania. Jeden z nich ukazuje archanioła Gabriela, a drugi Marię, na którą zstępuje gołębica symbolizująca Ducha Świętego. Witraże wyróżnia je intensywna kolorystyka, w której dominują barwy ciemnego fioletu, czerwieni i błękitu.

Sztuka śląska XIV–XVI w.

Najcenniejsza część kolekcji Muzeum, zawiera przede wszystkim wysokiej klasy obiekty gotyckiej sztuki sakralnej przeniesione tu ze śląskich kościołów, np. rzeźby w stylu Madonn na Lwach i Pięknych Madonn. Prezentowany jest również bogaty wybór gotyckiego malarstwa tablicowego oraz rzeźby drewnianej. Na korytarzach natomiast znajdują są przykłady gotyckiego rzemiosła artystycznego z interesującymi kolekcjami zamków i kluczy, monet oraz pieczęci.

Sztuka śląska XVII-XIX w.
Na galerię składają się zespoły malowanych XVI- i XVII-wiecznych epitafiów renesansowych, manierystycznych i barokowych, rzeźby sakralnej oraz obrazy najwybitniejszego malarza śląskiego baroku Michaela Leopolda Willmanna. Na korytarzach eksponowane jest dawne rzemiosło artystyczne (broń, wyroby złotnicze, kamionka śląska, fajans, porcelana szkło i gobeliny). W kolejnych salach galerii podziwiać można także malarstwo śląskie pierwszej połowy XIX w.

Sztuka polska XVII–XIX w.

Prezentuje przede wszystkim dzieła malarstwa, rzeźby oraz w mniejszym wyborze rzemiosło artystyczne od XVII do początków XX w. Są to prace polskich artystów oraz twórców zagranicznych działających na terenie dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Główny trzon kolekcji pochodzi ze zbiorów muzealnych Lwowa (Galerii Miejskiej we Lwowie, Muzeum Narodowego im. Króla Jana III, Muzeum Lubomirskich) i Kijowa, przekazanych Wrocławiowi w 1946 r. Dominuje malarstwo, w tym dzieła Marcello Bacciarellego, Bernardo Bellotta, Anny Bilińskiej-Bohdanowiczowej, Józefa Brandta, Józefa Chełmońskiego, Wojciecha Gersona, Aleksandra Gierymskiego, Artura Grottgera, Jacka Malczewskiego, Jana Matejki, Piotra Michałowskiego.

Sztuka europejska XV–XX w.

Wystawiono tu ponad 200 obrazów powstałych od renesansu po 1. poł. XX w. Pokaz rozpoczyna zestawienie dwóch renesansów – włoskiego i północnoeuropejskiego, następnie prezentowane są prace twórców złotego wieku malarstwa niderlandzkiego, włoskiego baroku praz przykłady najważniejszych kierunków stylowych od klasycyzmu, poprzez romantyzm, realizm, po impresjonizm symbolizm.

Pokazywane są prace takich artystów jak:

 Erhard Altdorfer (Przypowieść o Łazarzu i sceny z Historii Hioba)
 David Bailly (Portret księcia Janusza Radziwiłła)
 Jan van Bijlert (U kuplerki)
 Albert Bouts (Hieronim pokutujący)
 Jan Gerritsz. van Bronckhorst (Święto winobrania – alegoria Jesieni)
 Agnolo Bronzino (Madonna z Dzieciątkiem i św. Janem)
 Pieter Brueghel mł. (Zimowy pejzaż z łyżwiarzami i pułapką na ptaki)
 Marcello Bacciarelli (Stefan Czarniecki w Bitwie pod Warką)
 Bernardo Bellotto Canaletto (Wjazd Jerzego Ossolińskiego do Rzymu w roku 1633)
 Jean Chardin (Portret chłopca)
 Marten van Cleve (Bójka chłopów z pielgrzymem)
 Lovis Corinth (Las podczas powodzi nad Jeziorem Starnberskim)
 Peter von Cornelius (Wirtshausszene)
 Lucas Cranach starszy (Ewa)
 Andries van Eertvelt (Sztorm na morzu)
 Tobias Fendt (Wizja Ezechiela)
 Frans Floris (Portret dziewczyny jako Diany)
 Frans Francken Młodszy (Krezus pokazujący swe skarby Solonowi)
 Dirck Hals (Towarzystwo przy kartach)
 Ambrosius Holbein (Święty Paweł)
 Jacob Jordaens (Święty Iwo wspomaga biednych)
 Wilhelm Kalteysen (Madonna w komnacie)
 Wassily Kandinsky (Wieczór)
 Joseph Anton Koch (Lodowiec Grindelwald w Alpach)
 Lucas van Leyden (Sceny z życia św. Marii Magdaleny)
 Lorenzo Lippi (Tobiasz i Archanioł Rafał)
 Carel de Moor (Portret dziecka z sikorką)
 Georg Pencz (Chrystus w koronie cierniowej)
 Antoine Pesne (Geometra)
 Leonardo di Francesco di Lazzaro Malatesta Leonardo da Pistoia (Madonna z Dzieciątkiem i szczygłem)
 Cosimo Rosselli (Adoracja Dzieciątka)
 Giovanni Santi, (Opłakiwanie Chrystusa)
 Bartholomeus Spranger (Chrzest Chrystusa w Jordanie)
 David Teniers mł., (Pokłon Trzech Króli)
 Hans Thoma (Diana pod drzewem)
 Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller (Adopcja)
 Adriaen van der Werff, (Złożenie Chrystusa do grobu)
 Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun, Portret Anny Biron von Curland, księżnej kurlandzkiej
 Simon de Vos (Wiejski korowód)
 Francisco de Zurbarán (Chrystus przy kolumnie)

Cudo-twórcy
Wystawa stała przygotowana w 70. rocznicę otwarcia Muzeum Narodowego we Wrocławiu. Prezentuje trzy kolekcje: sztuki Bliskiego i Dalekiego Wschodu, rzemiosła artystycznego i kultury materialnej oraz współczesnej ceramiki i szkła artystycznego.

Wybrane dzieła ze zbiorów muzeum

sztuka śląska i polska

sztuka europejska

Oddziały

Poza budynkiem głównym Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu ma też trzy oddziały. Są to:
 Muzeum Etnograficzne we Wrocławiu
 Panorama Racławicka
 Pawilon Czterech Kopuł

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne
 Strona Muzeum Narodowego we Wrocławiu

N
Wrocław
Wrocław


text:
"""Adds config flow for Yale Smart Alarm integration."""
from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Mapping
from typing import Any

import voluptuous as vol
from yalesmartalarmclient.client import YaleSmartAlarmClient
from yalesmartalarmclient.exceptions import AuthenticationError

from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry, ConfigFlow, OptionsFlow
from homeassistant.const import CONF_CODE, CONF_NAME, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_USERNAME
from homeassistant.core import callback
from homeassistant.data_entry_flow import FlowResult
import homeassistant.helpers.config_validation as cv

from .const import (
    CONF_AREA_ID,
    CONF_LOCK_CODE_DIGITS,
    DEFAULT_AREA_ID,
    DEFAULT_LOCK_CODE_DIGITS,
    DEFAULT_NAME,
    DOMAIN,
    LOGGER,
    YALE_BASE_ERRORS,
)

DATA_SCHEMA = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Required(CONF_USERNAME): cv.string,
        vol.Required(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.string,
        vol.Required(CONF_AREA_ID, default=DEFAULT_AREA_ID): cv.string,
    }
)

DATA_SCHEMA_AUTH = vol.Schema(
    {
        vol.Required(CONF_USERNAME): cv.string,
        vol.Required(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.string,
    }
)

class YaleConfigFlow(ConfigFlow, domain=DOMAIN):
    """Handle a config flow for Yale integration."""

    VERSION = 1

    entry: ConfigEntry | None

    @staticmethod
    @callback
    def async_get_options_flow(config_entry: ConfigEntry) -> YaleOptionsFlowHandler:
        """Get the options flow for this handler."""
        return YaleOptionsFlowHandler(config_entry)

    async def async_step_reauth(self, data: Mapping[str, Any]) -> FlowResult:
        """Handle initiation of re-authentication with Yale."""
        self.entry = self.hass.config_entries.async_get_entry(self.context["entry_id"])
        return await self.async_step_reauth_confirm()

    async def async_step_reauth_confirm(
        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    ) -> FlowResult:
        """Dialog that informs the user that reauth is required."""
        errors = {}

        if user_input is not None:
            username = user_input[CONF_USERNAME]
            password = user_input[CONF_PASSWORD]

            try:
                await self.hass.async_add_executor_job(
                    YaleSmartAlarmClient, username, password
                )
            except AuthenticationError as error:
                LOGGER.error("Authentication failed. Check credentials %s", error)
                errors = {"base": "invalid_auth"}
            except YALE_BASE_ERRORS as error:
                LOGGER.error("Connection to API failed %s", error)
                errors = {"base": "cannot_connect"}

            if not errors:
                existing_entry = await self.async_set_unique_id(username)
                if existing_entry and self.entry:
                    self.hass.config_entries.async_update_entry(
                        existing_entry,
                        data={
                            **self.entry.data,
                            CONF_USERNAME: username,
                            CONF_PASSWORD: password,
                        },
                    )
                    await self.hass.config_entries.async_reload(existing_entry.entry_id)
                    return self.async_abort(reason="reauth_successful")

        return self.async_show_form(
            step_id="reauth_confirm",
            data_schema=DATA_SCHEMA_AUTH,
            errors=errors,
        )

    async def async_step_user(
        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    ) -> FlowResult:
        """Handle the initial step."""
        errors = {}

        if user_input is not None:
            username = user_input[CONF_USERNAME]
            password = user_input[CONF_PASSWORD]
            name = DEFAULT_NAME
            area = user_input.get(CONF_AREA_ID, DEFAULT_AREA_ID)

            try:
                await self.hass.async_add_executor_job(
                    YaleSmartAlarmClient, username, password
                )
            except AuthenticationError as error:
                LOGGER.error("Authentication failed. Check credentials %s", error)
                errors = {"base": "invalid_auth"}
            except YALE_BASE_ERRORS as error:
                LOGGER.error("Connection to API failed %s", error)
                errors = {"base": "cannot_connect"}

            if not errors:
                await self.async_set_unique_id(username)
                self._abort_if_unique_id_configured()

                return self.async_create_entry(
                    title=username,
                    data={
                        CONF_USERNAME: username,
                        CONF_PASSWORD: password,
                        CONF_NAME: name,
                        CONF_AREA_ID: area,
                    },
                )

        return self.async_show_form(
            step_id="user",
            data_schema=DATA_SCHEMA,
            errors=errors,
        )

class YaleOptionsFlowHandler(OptionsFlow):
    """Handle Yale options."""

    def __init__(self, entry: ConfigEntry) -> None:
        """Initialize Yale options flow."""
        self.entry = entry

    async def async_step_init(
        self, user_input: dict[str, Any] | None = None
    ) -> FlowResult:
        """Manage Yale options."""
        errors = {}

        if user_input:
            if len(user_input.get(CONF_CODE, "")) not in [
                0,
                user_input[CONF_LOCK_CODE_DIGITS],
            ]:
                errors["base"] = "code_format_mismatch"
            else:
                return self.async_create_entry(title="", data=user_input)

        return self.async_show_form(
            step_id="init",
            data_schema=vol.Schema(
                {
                    vol.Optional(
                        CONF_CODE,
                        description={
                            "suggested_value": self.entry.options.get(CONF_CODE)
                        },
                    ): str,
                    vol.Optional(
                        CONF_LOCK_CODE_DIGITS,
                        default=self.entry.options.get(
                            CONF_LOCK_CODE_DIGITS, DEFAULT_LOCK_CODE_DIGITS
                        ),
                    ): int,
                }
            ),
            errors=errors,
        )