text:
'''
SphinxParser is an example of a package plug-in parser for the CoreFiling Sphinx language.

(c) Copyright 2013 Mark V Systems Limited, California US, All rights reserved.
Mark V copyright applies to this software, which is licensed according to the terms of Arelle(r).

Sphinx is a Rules Language for XBRL described by a Sphinx 2 Primer
(c) Copyright 2012 CoreFiling, Oxford UK.
Sphinx copyright applies to the Sphinx language, not to this software.
Mark V Systems conveys neither rights nor license for the Sphinx language.
'''

import time, sys, os, os.path, re, zipfile
from arelle.ModelValue import qname
from arelle.ModelFormulaObject import Aspect, aspectStr
from arelle.ModelXbrl import DEFAULT, NONDEFAULT, DEFAULTorNONDEFAULT
from arelle import XmlUtil

# Debugging flag can be set to either "debug_flag=True" or "debug_flag=False"
debug_flag=True

logMessage = None
formulaFile = None
lastLoc = 0
lineno = None
xmlns = {}

reservedWords = {"period", "unit", "segment", "scenario",
                 "NaN", "unbound", "none"}

isGrammarCompiled = False

class PrefixError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, qnameToken):
        self.qname = qnameToken
        self.message = "QName prefix undeclared"
        self.args = ( self.__repr__(), )
    def __repr__(self):
        return _("QName prefix undeclared: {0}").format(self.qname)

# parse operations ("compile methods") are listed alphabetically

def compileBinaryOperation( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    if len(toks) == 1:
        return toks
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    return astBinaryOperation(sourceStr, loc, toks)

def compileBrackets( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    if len(toks) == 1:  # parentheses around an expression
        return astUnaryOperation(sourceStr, loc, "brackets", toks[0])
    return astFunctionReference(sourceStr, loc, "list", [tok for tok in toks if tok != ','])

def compileFloatLiteral( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    return astNumericLiteral(sourceStr, loc, float(toks[0]))

def compileFunctionReference( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    name = toks[0]
    if isinstance(name, astFunctionReference) and not name.args:
        name = name.name
    # compile any args
    return astFunctionReference(sourceStr, loc, name, toks[1:])

def compileIntegerLiteral( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    return astNumericLiteral(sourceStr, loc, int(toks[0]))

def compilePeriodOffsetExpression( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    # NEED DEBUGGING
    return astPeriodOffset(sourceStr, loc, toks[0], toks[2])

def compileQname( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    qnameTok = toks[0]
    return astQnameLiteral(sourceStr, loc, qnameTok)

def compileRefExpression( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    return astRefExpression(sourceStr, loc, toks[1])

def compileStringLiteral( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    return astStringLiteral(sourceStr, loc, toks[0])

def compileUnaryOperation( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    if len(toks) == 1:
        return toks
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    return astUnaryOperation(sourceStr, loc, toks[0], toks[1])

def compileVariableReference( sourceStr, loc, toks ):
    global lastLoc; lastLoc = loc
    return astVariableReference(sourceStr, loc, toks[0][1:])

class astNode:
    def __init__(self, sourceStr=None, loc=None):
        self.formulaFile = formulaFile
        self.sourceStr = sourceStr
        self.loc = loc
        global lastLoc # for exception handling
        lastLoc = loc

    def clear(self):
        self.__dict__.clear()  # delete local attributes

    @property
    def sourceLine(self):
        if self.sourceStr and self.loc:
            return lineno(self.loc, self.sourceStr)
        return None # no line number available

    @property
    def sourceFileLine(self):
        return (self.sphinxFile, self.sourceLine)

    @property
    def nodeTypeName(self):
        return type(self).__name__[3:]

    def __repr__(self):
        return "{0}({1})".format(type(self).__name__, "")

# subtypes of astNode are arranged alphabetically

class astBinaryOperation(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, toks):
        super(astBinaryOperation, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        if len(toks) > 3:
            self.leftExpr = astBinaryOperation(sourceStr, loc, toks[:-2])
        else:
            self.leftExpr = toks[-3]
        self.op = toks[-2].lower()
        self.rightExpr = toks[-1]
    def __repr__(self):
        return "binaryOperation({0} {1} {2})".format(self.leftExpr, self.op, self.rightExpr)

class astConstant(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, toks):
        super(astConstant, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.constantName = toks[0]
        self.expr = toks[-1]
        self.value = None # dynamically assigned
        self.tagName = None
        if len(toks) > 2 and toks[1] == "#": # has tag
            if len(toks) > 4: # named tag
                self.tagName = toks[2]
            else: # use name for tag
                self.tagName = self.constantName
    def __repr__(self):
        return "constant({0}{1} = {2})".format(self.constantName,
                                               ("#" + self.tagName) if self.tagName else "",
                                               self.expr)

class astFunctionReference(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, name, args):
        super(astFunctionReference, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.name = (name.value.localName if isinstance(name, astQnameLiteral) else name).lower()
        self.args = args
    def __repr__(self):
        return "functionReference({0}({1}))".format(self.name,
                                                    ", ".join(str(a) for a in self.args))

class astNoOp(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc):
        super(astNoOp, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "noOp()"

class astNumericLiteral(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, value):
        super(astNumericLiteral, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.value = value
    def __repr__(self):
        return "numericLiteral({0})".format(self.value)

class astPeriodOffset(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, value, periodOffsetToken):
        super(astPeriodOffset, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.value = value
        self.periodOffsetToken = periodOffsetToken
    def __repr__(self):
        return "periodOffset({0},{1})".format(self.value, self.periodOffsetToken)

class astQnameLiteral(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, qnameToken):
        super(astQnameLiteral, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        try:
            self.value = qname(qnameToken,
                               xmlns,
                               prefixException=KeyError,
                               noPrefixIsNoNamespace=(qnameToken.lower() in functionImplementation or
                                                      qnameToken in reservedWords))
        except KeyError:
            raise PrefixError(qnameToken)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "qnameLiteral({0})".format(self.value)

class astRefExpression(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, qnameToken):
        super(astRefExpression, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.value = qnameToken
    def __repr__(self):
        return "referenceExpression({0})".format(self.value)

class astSourceFile(astNode):
    def __init__(self, fileName):
        super(astSourceFile, self).__init__(None, 0)
        self.fileName = fileName
    def __repr__(self):
        return "sourceFile({0})".format(self.fileName)

class astStringLiteral(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, quotedString):
        super(astStringLiteral, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.text = quotedString[1:-1].replace('""','"')
    @property
    def value(self):
        return self.text
    def __repr__(self):
        return "stringLiteral({0})".format(self.text)
class astUnaryOperation(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, op, expr):
        super(astUnaryOperation, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.op = op
        self.expr = expr
    def __repr__(self):
        return "unaryOperation({0} {1})".format(self.op, self.expr)

class astVariableReference(astNode):
    def __init__(self, sourceStr, loc, variableName):
        super(astVariableReference, self).__init__(sourceStr, loc)
        self.variableName = variableName
    def __repr__(self):
        return "variableReference({0})".format(self.variableName)

debugParsing = True

if sys.version[0] >= '3':
    # python 3 requires modified parser to allow release of global objects when closing DTS
    from arelle.pyparsing.pyparsing_py3 import (Word, Keyword, alphas,
                 Literal, CaselessLiteral,
                 Combine, Optional, nums, Or, Forward, Group, ZeroOrMore, StringEnd, alphanums,
                 ParserElement, sglQuotedString, delimitedList, Suppress, Regex, FollowedBy,
                 lineno, restOfLine)
else:
    from pyparsing import (Word, Keyword, alphas,
                 Literal, CaselessLiteral,
                 Combine, Optional, nums, Or, Forward, Group, ZeroOrMore, StringEnd, alphanums,
                 ParserElement, sglQuotedString, delimitedList, Suppress, Regex, FollowedBy,
                 lineno, restOfLine)

ParserElement.enablePackrat()

"""
the pyparsing parser constructs are defined in this method to prevent the need to compile
the grammar when the plug in is loaded (which is likely to be when setting up GUI
menus or command line parser).

instead the grammar is compiled the first time that any sphinx needs to be parsed

only the sphinxExpression (result below) needs to be global for the parser
"""

def compileCdrGrammar( cntlr, _logMessage ):
    global isGrammarCompiled, cdrProg, lineno

    if isGrammarCompiled:
        return cdrProg

    global logMessage
    logMessage = _logMessage

    debugParsing = False #  True

    cntlr.showStatus(_("Compiling CDR Grammar"))
    if sys.version[0] >= '3':
        # python 3 requires modified parser to allow release of global objects when closing DTS
        from arelle.pyparsing.pyparsing_py3 import (Word, Keyword, alphas,
                     Literal, CaselessLiteral,
                     Combine, Optional, nums, Or, Forward, Group, ZeroOrMore, StringEnd, alphanums,
                     ParserElement, sglQuotedString, delimitedList, Suppress, Regex, FollowedBy,
                     lineno, restOfLine)
    else:
        from pyparsing import (Word, Keyword, alphas,
                     Literal, CaselessLiteral,
                     Combine, Optional, nums, Or, Forward, Group, ZeroOrMore, StringEnd, alphanums,
                     ParserElement, sglQuotedString, delimitedList, Suppress, Regex, FollowedBy,
                     lineno, restOfLine)

    ParserElement.enablePackrat()

    """
    the pyparsing parser constructs are defined in this method to prevent the need to compile
    the grammar when the plug in is loaded (which is likely to be when setting up GUI
    menus or command line parser).

    instead the grammar is compiled the first time that any sphinx needs to be parsed

    only the sphinxExpression (result below) needs to be global for the parser
    """

    # define grammar
    periodOffset = Regex("-?P[1-3]?[0-9][YQMD](/-[1]?[0-9]-([1-3]?[0-9]|end))?")
    qName = Regex("([A-Za-z\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\xF8-\xFF\u0100-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD_]"
                  "[A-Za-z0-9\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\xF8-\xFF\u0100-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD\u0300-\u036F\u203F-\u2040\xB7_.-]*:)?"
                  # localname or wildcard-localname part
                  "([A-Za-z\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\xF8-\xFF\u0100-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD_]"
                  "[A-Za-z0-9\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\xF8-\xFF\u0100-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD\u0300-\u036F\u203F-\u2040\xB7_.-]*|[*])"
                  ).setName("qName").setDebug(debugParsing)

    ncName = Regex("([A-Za-z\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\xF8-\xFF\u0100-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD_]"
                  "[A-Za-z0-9\xC0-\xD6\xD8-\xF6\xF8-\xFF\u0100-\u02FF\u0370-\u037D\u037F-\u1FFF\u200C-\u200D\u2070-\u218F\u2C00-\u2FEF\u3001-\uD7FF\uF900-\uFDCF\uFDF0-\uFFFD\u0300-\u036F\u203F-\u2040\xB7_.-]*)"
                  ).setName("ncName").setDebug(debugParsing)

    decimalPoint = Literal('.')
    exponentLiteral = CaselessLiteral('e')
    plusorminusLiteral = Literal('+') | Literal('-')
    digits = Word(nums)
    integerLiteral = Combine( Optional(plusorminusLiteral) + digits )
    decimalFractionLiteral = Combine( Optional(plusorminusLiteral) + decimalPoint + digits )
    infLiteral = Combine( Optional(plusorminusLiteral) + Literal("INF") )
    nanLiteral = Literal("NaN")
    floatLiteral = ( Combine( integerLiteral +
                         ( ( decimalPoint + Optional(digits) + exponentLiteral + integerLiteral ) |
                           ( exponentLiteral + integerLiteral ) |
                           ( decimalPoint + Optional(digits) ) )
                         ) |
                     Combine( decimalFractionLiteral + exponentLiteral + integerLiteral ) |
                     decimalFractionLiteral |
                     infLiteral | nanLiteral )

    #emptySequence = Literal( "(" ) + Literal( ")" )
    lParen  = Literal( "(" )
    rParen  = Literal( ")" )
    lPred  = Literal("[")
    rPred  = Literal("]")
    refOp  = Literal("#")

    commaOp = Literal(",")
    neOp = Literal("<>")
    leOp = Literal("<=")
    ltOp = Literal("<")
    geOp = Literal(">=")
    gtOp = Literal(">")
    eqOp = Literal("=")
    eqNeOp = eqOp | neOp
    compOp = leOp | ltOp | geOp | gtOp
    plusOp  = Literal("+")
    minusOp = Literal("-")
    plusMinusOp  = plusOp | minusOp
    expOp  = Literal("^")
    multOp  = Literal("*")
    divOp   = Literal("/")
    multDivOp = multOp | divOp
    concatOp  = Literal("&")
    andOp = CaselessLiteral("And")
    orOp = CaselessLiteral("Or")
    xorOp = CaselessLiteral("Xor")

    expr = Forward()

    atom = (
             ( refOp + qName ).setParseAction(compileRefExpression) |
             ( qName + Suppress(lParen) + Optional(delimitedList( expr )) + Suppress(rParen) ).setParseAction(compileFunctionReference) |
             ( qName.setParseAction(compileQname) + lPred + ( periodOffset | ncName)
                     + rPred).setParseAction(compilePeriodOffsetExpression) |
             ( floatLiteral ).setParseAction(compileFloatLiteral) |
             ( integerLiteral ).setParseAction(compileIntegerLiteral) |
             ( sglQuotedString ).setParseAction(compileStringLiteral) |
             ( qName ).setParseAction(compileQname) |
             ( Suppress(lParen) - expr - Optional( commaOp - Optional( expr - ZeroOrMore( commaOp - expr ) ) ) - Suppress(rParen) ).setParseAction(compileBrackets)
           )

    atom.setName("atom").setDebug(debugParsing)

    valueExpr = atom
    negationExpr = ( Optional(minusOp) + valueExpr ).setParseAction(compileUnaryOperation)
    expExpr = ( Optional(expOp) + negationExpr ).setParseAction(compileUnaryOperation)
    multDivExpr = ( expExpr + Optional( multDivOp + expExpr ) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    multDivExpr.setName("multDivExpr").setDebug(debugParsing)
    addSubExpr = ( multDivExpr + ZeroOrMore( plusMinusOp + multDivExpr ) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    addSubExpr.setName("addSubExpr").setDebug(debugParsing)
    concatExpr = ( addSubExpr + ZeroOrMore( concatOp + addSubExpr ) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    comparisonExpr = ( concatExpr + Optional( compOp + concatExpr ) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    equalityExpr = ( comparisonExpr + Optional( eqNeOp + comparisonExpr ) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    xorExpr = ( equalityExpr + ZeroOrMore( xorOp + equalityExpr) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    andExpr = ( xorExpr + ZeroOrMore( andOp + xorExpr ) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    orExpr = ( andExpr + ZeroOrMore( orOp + andExpr ) ).setParseAction(compileBinaryOperation)
    orExpr.setName("orExpr").setDebug(debugParsing)

    expr << orExpr
    expr.setName("expr").setDebug(debugParsing)

    cdrProg = expr + StringEnd()
    expr.setName("cdrProg").setDebug(debugParsing)

    startedAt = time.time()
    cntlr.modelManager.showStatus(_("initializing CDR grammar"))
    cdrProg.parseString( "0", parseAll=True )
    from arelle.Locale import format_string
    _msg = format_string(cntlr.modelManager.locale,
                             _("CDR grammar initialized in %.2f secs"),
                             time.time() - startedAt)
    logMessage("INFO", "info", _msg)
    cntlr.modelManager.showStatus(_msg, 5000)
    isGrammarCompiled = True

    return cdrProg

def parse(modelFormula):
    if sys.version[0] >= '3':
        # python 3 requires modified parser to allow release of global objects when closing DTS
        from arelle.pyparsing.pyparsing_py3 import ParseException, ParseSyntaxException
    else:
        from pyparsing import ParseException, ParseSyntaxException
    modelXbrl = modelFormula.modelXbrl
    global formulaFile, lineno, xmlns, logMessage
    logMessage = modelXbrl.log
    formulaFile = modelFormula.modelDocument.uri
    baseName = modelFormula.modelDocument.basename
    lineno = modelFormula.sourceline
    sourceString = modelFormula.select
    xmlns = modelFormula.nsmap
    # cdr doesn't declare xsd namespace URI prefixes
    for ns, nsDocs in modelXbrl.namespaceDocs.items():
        for nsDoc in nsDocs:
            nsDocPrefix = XmlUtil.xmlnsprefix(nsDoc.xmlRootElement, ns)
            if nsDocPrefix and nsDocPrefix not in xmlns:
                xmlns[nsDocPrefix] = ns
                xmlns[nsDocPrefix.upper()] = ns  # cdr also has upper case prefixes intermixed
                break
    try:
        modelFormula.prog = cdrProg.parseString( sourceString, parseAll=True )
        successful = True
    except (ParseException, ParseSyntaxException) as err:
        from arelle.XPathParser import exceptionErrorIndication
        logMessage("ERROR", "cdrFormula:syntaxError",
            _("Parse error: \n%(error)s"),
            formulaFile=formulaFile,
            sourceFileLines=((baseName, lineno),),
            error=exceptionErrorIndication(err))
        successful = False
    except (ValueError) as err:
        logMessage("ERROR", "cdrFormula:valueError",
            _("Parsing terminated due to error: \n%(error)s"),
            formulaFile=formulaFile,
            sourceFileLines=((baseName, lineno),),
            error=err)
        successful = False
    except Exception as err:
        logMessage("ERROR", "cdrFormula:parserException",
            _("Parsing of terminated due to error: \n%(error)s"),
            formulaFile=formulaFile,
            sourceFileLines=((baseName, lineno),),
            error=err, exc_info=True)
        successful = False
    return successful

from .cdrFunctions import functionImplementation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Not much to share today. Had brunch with a bunch of friends. Tried to do one of the infamous Drag Brunches here in DC, however since we did not have reservations, we did not get in. The third place, we finally got in, with our group of 10, were seated immediately, and proceeded to eat and drink for the next 4 hours. Left there feeling tipsy, came home, and passed out for another 4 hours. Woke up to dark skies and a hangover.....it was great.
Now off to a friend's house to nurse this hangover and take advantage of the fact that I have tomorrow off from work, thanks to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Day.
Sometimes you just need a Sunday filled with nothing but alcoholic breakfast drinks and inappropriate conversations in public.


text:
A fentanyl test strip is used at Vancouver Coastal Health in Vancouver, Tuesday, January, 21, 2020. The test strips will be made available to drug users to ensure that their drugs are safe and free of Fentanyl. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Jonathan Hayward
Drug overdoses lead to 5 deaths each day in October; B.C. drug toxicity continues to increase
COVID-19 crisis continues to exacerbate the overdose crisis
The illicit drug crisis continued in B.C this October with five people dying every day and more deaths linked to "extreme concentrations" of the deadly drug fentanyl.
In data released Wednesday (Nov. 25), the BC Coroners Service said 162 people died in October, making it the fifth month where this year where overdose deaths topped 160. Deaths had decreased slightly in the two months prior, but rose again to make October the fourth most fatal month in 2020. So far this year, 1,386 people have died due to illicit drug overdoses in B.C.
The death toll last month is a 116 per cent increase over overdose deaths last October, and a 26 per cent increase over September deaths. Officials have said that the side affects of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as isolation and border restrictions, have led to a more toxic drug supply and more people using alone.
READ MORE: B.C. records 127 fatal overdoses in September, roughly 4 each day
"The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a devastating effect on the overdose crisis in B.C.," said provincial health officer Dr. Bonnie Henry. "Exacerbating this is the highly toxic drug supply that exists in our communities right now.
More than 80 per cent of deaths take place inside. No deaths thus far have occurred at supervised consumption or overdose prevention sites.
The coroners service noted that while toxicology reports continue to show that the proportion of illicit drug toxicity deaths for which illicit fentanyl was detected continue to be down slightly in 2020, with 83 per cent compared to 85 per cent in 2019, the concentration has increased.
"Post-mortem toxicology results suggest that there has been a greater number of cases with extreme fentanyl concentrations in April to October 2020 compared with previous months," the report stated. Extreme concentrations are defined as greater than 50ug/L (micrograms/litre). From April to October, 14 per cent of fatal overdoses showed extreme fentanyl concentration, compared to eight per cent from January 2019 to March 2020.
Men continue to make up the vast majority of drug deaths, making up 80 per cent of fatalities this year so far. Seventy per cent of deaths were people between the ages of 30 and 59.
In an addendum to the last tweet, that most who die use alone: Download @lifeguarddh. If you're going to use drugs alone, it will alert first responders (not police!) to your location if you can't turn off the timer. Learn more here: https://t.co/yReCTdgif5
— Kat Slepian (@katslepian) November 25, 2020
With the new data, the per-capita rate of illicit drug deaths has risen to a record 32.4 per 100,000. In the worst year prior, 2018, it was 31 per 100,000. The highest per-capita deaths were in Northern Health at 44 per 100,000 and in Vancouver Coastal at 38 per 100,000.
The highest number of overdose deaths this year took place in Fraser Health and Vancouver Coastal Health at 447 and 379, respectively. The lowest rate was in Fraser Health, B.C.'s most populous health authority, at 28 per 100,000.
B.C. overdosesopioid crisisopioidsoverdose
RCMP investigate suspected arson at Shuswap hunting camp
Cannabis edibles found in Halloween bag lead B.C. police to illegal lab
Penticton 7-Eleven closed after employee tests COVID-19 positive
South Okanagan hottest real estate market in B.C.
There was over $1 billion in residential sales in 2020
Summerland waterfront is getting a new restaurant
The now closed Local will be turned back into its former glory of the Shaughnessy's Cove
Explore Scottish culture with new Penticton television series
The Penticton Scottish Festival's Exploring Scottish Culture in the Okanagan series debuts Jan. 18
Two men sought for Jan. 7 South Okanagan stabbing
The victim was taken to the hospital with serious injuries
BREAKING: Collision draws heavy police presence in downtown Penticton
Multiple police cruisers and paramedics are on scene
January is producing some gorgeous sunsets
Sunsets and warm weather for the start of 2021
Explore Keremeos Review
Keremeos News
Keremeos Weather
Keremeos Classifieds
© 2021, Keremeos & Okanagan Falls Review and Black Press Group Ltd.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We run clubs Monday - Sunday in Hull and Hedon. If you are interested in taking up the sport or joining our club please don't hesitate to contact us.
Click here to download the new starters information pack!
The purpose of Karate training is to develop and maintain health and strength, both physical and mental, to teach good manners, self-discipline and mutual respect between Karate-Ka and others and to encourage decency and respect between all members of society.
Take a look around our site - it contains a huge resource of information that will be useful if you're just starting out, or need to brush up on your techniques.
The new version of the Kyu Grading Syllabus (V7) is now available for download, please see downloads page.


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NIH Fact Sheets Home > Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an inherited disease of the mucus and sweat glands, affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs.
CF was easily diagnosed with a "sweat" test but physicians had few therapies to thin the mucus build-up that occurs in the lungs and digestive tracts of people with the disease.
Doctors had no effective antibiotics for treating the infections, especially those caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which thrive in the mucus in CF patients' lungs and gradually damage lung tissue.
Digestive and pancreatic manifestations of the disease frequently resulted in delayed growth and malnutrition.
In 1962, the predicted median survival for CF patients was about 10 years, with few surviving into their teenage years.
NIH researchers discovered that the underlying problem in patients with CF was a defect in salt transport through their cell membranes.
The CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which is defective in people with CF, was discovered in 1989.
Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of CF were developed for families with a history of the disease.
Mouse models of the disease were developed in the early 1990s, but unlike humans, mice without CFTR did not exhibit typical symptoms of CF, including the lung and liver disease that cause the premature mortality seen in humans.
Wide-ranging research on CF resulted in dramatic improvements in the treatment of the disease, almost quadrupling the median life expectancy to 37 years of age in the U.S. In parts of the world where state-of-the-art medical care is not available, life expectancy remains much lower.
Most states conduct newborn screening for CF so that, even before symptoms appear, treatment can be initiated to prevent malnutrition and growth delay.
Powerful new antibiotics, such as inhaled tobramycin, are much more effective than older drugs for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other devastating bacterial lung infections that frequently develop.
Other drugs, such as Pulmozyme® and azithromycin, slow the progression of the lung disease associated with CF.
New mechanical chest physical therapy devices help loosen the mucus and make it easier for patients to clear their lungs.
Lung transplantation has become an option for some people with CF who have severe lung damage.
The digestive problems in people with CF can be managed with nutritional therapy, oral pancreatic enzymes, and medications to reduce stomach acid.
Diabetes in people with CF is now recognized, and effective diabetes therapy is available to improve their health.
A pig model for CF was developed that may provide a powerful tool for testing new therapeutic strategies. Newborn piglets that lack CFTR have signs similar to those seen in human infants with CF, including abnormalities in the intestines, pancreas, and liver.
Treatment for CF has greatly extended life expectancy and improved quality of life, but there is no cure. Effective treatment still requires hours of demanding daily therapy.
New therapeutics are currently in development, some of which may provide a functional CFTR protein in patients with some versions of the gene, potentially eliminating many disease complications and allowing people with the disease to live essentially normal lives.
Other new therapies may dramatically improve the salt–water balance in patients with CF, allowing them to clear mucus from their lungs and experience fewer infections.
Gene therapy—insertion of a healthy CFTR gene to act in place of the defective version of the gene—could effectively cure the disease.
Identification of modifier genes may be used to predict patients who are likely to have more severe lung disease. For example, a gene with variants producing high levels of mannose binding lectin 1 helps protect against CF-related lung infections, while a genetic variation leading to high levels of TGF-beta protein has the opposite effect.
For more information, contact The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): NIDDKinquiries@nih.gov
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases www.niddk.nih.gov


Parents must request bus transportation by completing the form that applies to their child(ren). The forms should be given to the school. In order to provide the best service to our students, we would need an updated form if any information (address change, etc) should occur during the school year.


My name is Peter Saunders, Club Past-President, and it is my pleasure to welcome you to the website of the Christchurch Hobbyist Beekeepers' Club.
Our Club has been active for over 50 years and currently has around 200 paid-up members. The Club is primarily geared towards the hobbyist beekeeper, that is someone who does not generally regard bees as their main source of income.
I am sure that you will not be surprised to hear that some of our members have only recently acquired a hive or two, while others claim (and look) to have been born with the bees. While many of our members have just a few hives, there are several who own a large number of hives and operate on a commercial or semi-commercial basis.
I firmly believe that the role of our club is threefold. Please allow me to explain this before you continue to explore the rest of our site. I hope that my explanation will show you the value and benefits of belonging to our Club and explain why the Club charges a membership fee.
and in turn help other club members.
Secondly, the Club aims to provide its members with the social opportunity to meet other beekeepers. This allows them to develop a sense of identity, community and belonging. These are recognized as essential for the long-term enjoyment of any hobby. You will see that the monthly Field Days held at our Club Apiary in Christchurch are a strong feature of our Club. Visitors and guests are welcome and there is always a hot cup of tea and something to snack close by.
And thirdly, our Club strives to provide members with benefits that are not available to non-members. Examples include access to the Club forum, the hire of club equipment and resources and bulk rate buying power.
We do have running costs and overheads as you would expect, but the main purpose of our annual subscription fee is to help the Club continue to provide these services now and into the future. A Club is only ever as strong as it members, so please join us and get involved as much - or as little - as you can.


In typical Amazon fashion, they are pushing the envelope again!
And this time around Amazon is planning to team up with Rover and Merrymaids to provide their customers with a "convenient" way to let service providers unattended into their clients home.
What exactly is Amazon Key?
For around $250 you can purchase the Amazon Key In-Home Kit, which includes an Amazon Cloud Cam and a compatible smart lock.
After that's all setup, you can select In-Home delivery when checking out.
So when the driver is delivering your package he will first knock and if no one opens the door, he will proceed to request access to open the door through the keypad, which has to go through an authentication process.
(if all goes well, with your permission of course).
Now couple that with Rover and we've got the perfect dog walking service.
Ok i just needed to recover from my laughing attack in the farthest corner of my living room.
Personal service providers like cleaning services and dog walking services can walk right into your home and do everything for you, without you even ever meeting them.
Now i know a lot of pet sitters and dog walkers are already affected by Rover's convenient uber-style dog walking service.
And a certain demographic totally digs Rover, Wag and all the other ones like that.
What makes Rover so successful to this date?
And now when teaming up with Amazon Key they will provide even more convenience because the customers don't even have to meet the dog walker to give them the keys!
While I hope that most pet parents will still meet with the walker or sitter, i have no doubt that there is a fraction of our population that is completely fine for a stranger to walk into their home to care for their pet.
I can't even picture all the bad things that can possibly come out of this.
Especially when the dog is just stunned to have never smelled that person before walking through the front door like … a burglar?
How can you compete with Rover + Amazon Key?
Read my other blog post on 5 proven ways to outperform other businesses right here.
Make use of a pet sitting software.
It let's your clients schedule services online, pay online, do everything online – in other words: It provides convenience.
Above that you already have a big advantage: You are not an App company, but a Dog Walking / Pet Sitting Company.
You can guarantee that you face-to-face (!) hand selected, interviewed and trained your staff on an ongoing basis. Does Rover do that? No.
You can guarantee that you started this company out of your love for animals. Can Rover do that? Certainly no.
We are dealing with living, precious beings here and while Rover has a big marketing machine going for itself, there will be many more problems for them to come in regards to liability and regulations.
Offer a hassle free customer experience.
Collect reviews whenever and wherever you can.
This way you will reach your wealth as a dog walking company not being at the mercy of an app.


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"Running from the Temple of Liberty": The Pearl Incident
On April 15, 1848, the Pearl schooner was docked at the wharf located at the foot of Seventh Street in Washington, D....
Building the President's House with Enslaved Labor
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Charles Willson Peale
Charles Willson Peale is synonymous with eighteenth-century portraiture. His depictions of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and other famous...
Daniel Webster's House
At the corner of H Street and Connecticut Avenue, the United States Chamber of Commerce Building sits where a three-and-a-half...
Material Culture at Decatur House
Without photographs, paintings, or other visual representations of the Decatur House Slave Quarters from the antebellum period, it is difficult...
Paul Jennings
Paul Jennings was born in 1799 at Montpelier, the Virginia estate of James and Dolley Madison. His mother, an enslaved woman...
Enslaved Labor and the Construction of the U.S. Capitol
"Would it be superstitious to presume, that the Sovereign Father of all nations, permitted the perpetration of this apparently execrable tr...
Decatur House Silhouettes
Through research and analysis of written accounts, letters, newspapers, memoirs, census records, architecture, and oral histories, historians, museum professionals, and...
Enslaved and Entrenched
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George DeBaptiste
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Upon stepping into the White House China Room, visitors encounter tableware from nearly every presidential administration or first family. Tucked...
Paul Cuffe & President James Madison: The Transatlantic Emigration Project & the White House
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Buzz Aldrin 'disappointed' in America's progress since Apollo 11: 'We have the number one rocket and spacecraft and they can't get into lunar orbit'
HuffPost is now a part of Oath
Indoor smoking ban tied to heart attack decline in older adults
NSO malware can spy on Apple, Google and other cloud data: Report
Staff - April 15, 2019
New Zealand nurse held captive by ISIS group in Syria for 6 years may be alive: report
The New York Times on Sunday became the first media organization to name Louisa Akavi.
New Zealand's foreign minister confirmed Monday that a New Zealand nurse has been held captive by the Islamic State group in Syria for almost six years, information long kept secret for fear her life might be at risk.
The status of nurse and midwife Louisa Akavi, now 62, is unknown, but her employer, the International Committee of the Red Cross, says it has received recent eyewitness reports suggesting she might be alive.
The New York Times on Sunday became the first media organization to name Akavi, ending a more than 5 ½-year news blackout imposed by New Zealand's government and the Red Cross with the cooperation of international media.
The collapse of the Islamic State group has raised hopes that Akavi and the two Syrian drivers kidnapped with her might now be discovered.
In a statement, the ICRC said that as recently as December, Akavi may have been seen by at least two people at a clinic in Sousa, one of the Islamic State group's last outposts. There were also reported sightings in 2016 and 2017, Red Cross officials said.
"We continue to work together (with the Red Cross) to locate and recover her," New Zealand Foreign Minister Winston Peters said. "This has been a uniquely complex and difficult case. "Louisa went to Syria with the ICRC to deliver humanitarian relief to people suffering as a result of a brutal civil war and ISIS occupation."
"Where a New Zealander is held by a terrorist organization, the government takes all appropriate action to recover them. That is exactly what we have done here," Peters said.
Peters said New Zealand had sent a small multi-agency team, including special forces, to Iraq to gather information on Akavi.
"This has involved members of the New Zealand Defense Force, drawn from the Special Operations Force, and personnel have visited Syria from time to time as required," he said. "This noncombat team was specifically focused on locating Louisa and identifying opportunities to recover her."
Akavi was taken captive in 2013 in the city of Idlib in northwest Syria. It is believed she was offered for ransom and may have been used as a human shield. New Zealand's government believed at one point that she may have died. But there are hopes her medical skills might have caused her captors to spare her.
Akavi's family said they miss her and are proud of the work to which she's dedicated her life.
"We think about her every day and hope she feels that and finds strength in that," said a video statement issued by family spokesman Tuaine Robati. "We know she is thinking of us and that she will be worried about us too."
New Zealand's government is reported to have opposed the ICRC's decision to allow The New York Times to report Akavi's name and nationality.
At a news conference Monday, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern refused to answer questions about Akavi but indicated she was disappointed the ICRC had gone public before her fate had been learned.
"You'll forgive me, I hope, for not commenting on that case," Ardern said. "It remains the government's view that it would be preferable if the case was not in the public domain."
Dominik Stillhart, director of operations for the ICRC, said the organization had decided to permit publication in the hope it would elicit new information on her whereabouts.
"We have not spoken publicly before today because from the moment Louisa and the others were kidnapped, every decision we made was to maximize the chances of winning their freedom," Stillhart said in a statement. "With Islamic State group having lost the last of its territory, we felt it was now time to speak out."
He said the collapse of the Islamic State group in Syria may mean new opportunities to learn more about Akavi's situation and the ICRC also feared it risked losing track of her in the aftermath of IS's collapse.
Akavi is of Cook Islands descent and lives in Otaki, a small town north of Wellington. She is the longest-held captive in the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and Stillhart called her "a true and compassionate humanitarian."
He said strenuous efforts had been made to secure her release. Negotiations in 2013 and 2014 were not successful. In 2014, she was among a group of hostages moved by IS only hours before a raid by U.S. special forces that aimed to free them.
"We call on anyone with information to please come forward," Stillhart said. "If our colleagues are still being held, we call for their immediate and unconditional release."
Stillhart later defended the ICRC's decision to publicize Akavi's case after years of silence.
"Every decision was to maximize the chance of Louisa's freedom … and every decision was coordinated with the New Zealand government," Stillhart said at a news conference in Geneva. "That included the difficult decision to go public. We think with new information from the public, we can redirect the investigation for Louisa."
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COVID-19 raising concern about NJ kids contemplating suicide
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to create stress and anxiety for children across the Garden State, but some find it more nerve-racking than others.
According to Shauna Moses, the vice president of public affairs and member services for the New Jersey Association of Mental Health and Addiction Agencies, there is concern the pandemic may push some of these kids to contemplate suicide — a Virtual Suicide Prevention conference is being held this week to address the issue.
She said many children and adolescents were already under a lot of stress even before the pandemic began, but COVID-10 has compounded the problem.
"If somebody already has depression that could be exacerbated, it further increases the risk of suicide," she said.
Moses pointed out even in cases where a mental health issue has not previously been identified, the pandemic may cause one to develop because of "the isolation, worry about developing the coronavirus, or any of their friends or family may develop it, there could be economic issues if family members have lost any jobs."
Experts at the conference are discussing a wide variety of mental health initiatives in response to the pandemic, including how schools can help to offer support to students during the ongoing health emergency, approaches to suicide prevention and overcoming mental health challenges and a review of the signs a young person may be having suicidal thoughts.
Moses noted it's important for teachers and school administrators to be aware of these signs so they can get kids the appropriate help they need, but parents and caregivers also need to recognize the signals that something is wrong.
"And if they think there is that risk, this is very difficult but it's so critical to ask the question: 'Are you hurting yourself?' 'Are you specifically thinking of suicide?'" she said.
She stressed bringing up the subject of suicide and discussing it will not increase the chance of a child trying to hurt himself or herself, but it's important for parents and caregivers to show genuine concern and not become over-reactive.
She said signs of suicidal thoughts may include depression or moodiness over a period of time, "changes in behavior, if they're withdrawing from their relationships with their friends, there's a lot of opportunity to still be in touch with friends on social media, texting, face time, that kind of thing."
Moses said another sign is if they lose interest in activities they previously enjoyed, like music, baking or drawing.
"If they're losing interest in all that and they just want to be alone and not do anything, that's a major sign," said Moses.
She added "if they have trouble sleeping or they sleep excessively, and the same thing with eating, if they're not eating hardly at all or they're over-eating significantly, that could be a problem."
She said when someone becomes serious depressed they may literally not be able to get out of bed "so they might
not be taking showers like they should, because of that hopelessness and that drain, that depression."
She also noted drug and alcohol use can also be a red flag.
Moses pointed out "some youth will talk about suicide, whether it's verbally or on social media, and any time that's brought up it has to be taken seriously."
According to the most recent data available from the New Jersey Department of Children and Families, 277 individuals between the ages of 10 an 24 took their own lives in New Jersey between 2014 and 2016.
The conference is being co-sponsored by NJAMHAA and in partnership with Attitudes in Reverse.
Honoring Our Healthcare Workers
Source: COVID-19 raising concern about NJ kids contemplating suicide
Filed Under: Covid-19 Coronavirus in NJ, new jersey association of mental health and addiction agencies


The one with Fail Art Thursday - Watermarble with the Finger Paints Gumdrops and Lollipops collection!!
These polishes, all six polishes from the the new Finger Paints Gumdrops and Lollipops collection, are EXTREMELY difficult to watermarble with. They dried a tad bit too fast on the water surface, and when I tried to use my toothpick to make designs, all the polish came up on the water surface. More than once. Except for once! haha I only got one finger watermarbled during the 45 minutes I tried. But that's ok, because the design on this one is actually good!
I actually got a decent design! First time ever I got a decent design at which I didn't groan! haha If I could have gotten any other decent designs, I would have featured them, too, but I couldn't get _any_ others! :) Would watermarbling in a smaller container help with drying time? I used a bigger bowl this time around.


Although up to 50% of women are on a diet at any given time, roughly 70% of American adults are still overweight. But it's not surprising that diets are failing so many: the restrictions are hard to stick to because they require complicated planning and a lot of will power.
My philosophy is all about creating the fittest, most confident version of you with simple-yet-effective methods that allow you to stay focused on your passions. My signature process teaches women on-the-go how to increase their body's fat-burning power without the burden of dieting, counting calories, giving up favorite foods, or spending countless hours in the gym.
I truly believe that when you feel confident, you show up more purposefully and can take on life's challenges with more energy, determination, and success!
I help women all over the world achieve their fitness goals. I pride myself on creating a simple-yet-effectuve approach where people thrive.


Since June 2010 most health service providers have been required to submit an annual report about the quality of their services. Most organisations already use a system to publish Quality Accounts and maintain their profile pages on NHS Choices. For those without editing rights we list the Quality Accounts on this page. To check your provider's profile, use the Find services seach. Please also read the guide on how to submit Quality Accounts.
This section list Quality Accounts for some organisations only such as independent providers or care homes.
Most NHS trusts such as acute, mental health, care and ambulance trusts are able to publish their Quality Account on their NHS Choices profile page. For queries relating to profile pages on NHS Choices and the content management system please contact thechoicesteam@nhschoices.nhs.uk.
To access other Quality Accounts for trusts not listed here select the Find NHS trusts link provided here and search for the trust you are interested in.
A PDF's metadata should contain a title, an author (which can be an organisation), a subject (a short description of what the document is) and some keywords. Fields are provided for these items in the document properties.
Please ensure that the PDF's security settings do not allow editing. The settings should, however, allow printing, content copying, page extraction and filling of form fields.
Finally, PDFs should be 'tagged for accessibility', which is something you have the option of doing when creating a PDF.


OK, now don't laugh.... Just wanted to show you the view from our balcony in Orlando. I know it looks like we're actually in prison, but we had a screened balcony overlooking a pool. It was much prettier in person :-). So long, Florida... We'll be back!!


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Goldman Sachs Slapped with Criminal Charges by Malaysia
December 18th, 2018 Luis Aureliano Markets, News, Stock Analysis 0 comments
According to the latest news update on the case, Reuters reported that the Malaysian government has filed criminal charges against Goldman Sachs Group Inc., stating that the bank had made false statements and omitted critical facts when offering circulars for the bonds it sold for 1MDB, the Malaysian state fund.
On Monday, Malaysia filed charges against three Goldman Sachs business divisions in Kuala Lumpur. The charges were in connection with the American bank's role as an underwriter as well as arranger of 3 bonds sales which had raised a total of $6.5 billion for 1MDB. These are the first criminal charges against the bank for the part it played in the scandal.
The US Department of Justice has estimated that this scandal involved fraud to the tune of $4.5 billion by high-level fund officials in 1MDB as well as their associates from 2009 to 2014.
Besides charging the 3 Goldman Sachs units directly involved with the bond sales, the Malaysian government also charged ex-Goldman partner Tim Leissner, a 1MDB employee named Jasmine Loo as well as Jho Low, the financier from Malaysia who is suspected to be at the core of this scandal.
The three units charged in the case are Goldman Sachs (Asia) LLC, which is the bank's key unit that has been registered in the US, Goldman Sachs (Singapore) PTE and the London division of the bank, Goldman Sachs International.
Each of these individuals have been charged with suspected corruption and money laundering in relation to 1MDB, the organization that had been founded by the ex-Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak.
Added to the charges, Malaysia also announced that it was looking at Goldman Sachs, and the others charged in this case, paying back the $600 million that had been given in fees for these sales, as well as the supposedly misappropriated $2.7 billion that the sales had raised.
According to the charge sheets, these criminal charges carry with them up to 10 years in prison as well as fines of a minimum of 1 million Ringgit (~$240,000).
Goldman Sachs on its part has consistently denied any wrongdoing. On Tuesday, the bank stated that certain members of the Malaysian government at that time as well as officials from 1MDB had lied to them about the funds raised from these bond sales.
Responding to the news on Monday, Goldman issued a statement that clarified that as per the legal processes in Malaysia, the bank had not been permitted to state its case before these charges had been filed against Goldman entities. Therefore, the bank stated, it was going to strongly contest these charges. The bank also stated that these charged did not affect their ability to conduct their business globally.
Low also issued a statement on Monday, maintaining that he was innocent of these charges, however, his spokesperson did not respond to requests for a comment with regard to the fresh charges made by the Malaysian government.
Leissner's lawyer was not available for comment after working hours on Monday night. And the third person charged, 1MDB employee Loo, against whom her government has also brought other charges, has been silent about this case, and has not yet been traced.
The Malaysian government named a fourth person that it was going to charge – Roger Ng. Ng is an ex-Goldman Sachs banker and an associate of Leissner, however, the list of charges against him have not yet been revealed.
The Justice Department in the US already filed criminal charges against Leissner and Ng on November 1 last month. Leissner admitted to conspiracy to laundering money and violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. He has agreed to forfeit $47.3 million. Ng is being detained in Malaysia and is facing extradition to the US.
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Luis Aureliano
Luis Aureliano is a business writer and financial analyst. With over 15 years of experience in global finance and an MBA in economics and management, Luis's areas of expertise include business, marketing, communications, personal finance, macro economics, stocks and emerging markets.
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text:
Candide es una opereta cómica compuesta por Leonard Bernstein en el año 1956, basada en la novela homónima de Voltaire. La opereta se representó por vez primera en el año 1956 con un libreto de Lillian Hellman. Del texto se han hecho numerosas versiones, pero desde el año 1974 se representa solamente con el libreto de Hugh Wheeler, que es más fiel a la novela de Voltaire.

Historia
Candide fue originalmente concebida por Lillian Hellman como una obra con música incidental en el estilo de su obra precedente, The Lark. Bernstein, sin embargo, se interesó tanto por la idea que convenció a Hellman para hacerla como una "opereta cómica"; ella entonces escribió el libreto original para la opereta. Muchos letristas intervinieron en el espectáculo: primero James Agee (cuyo trabajo al final no se usó), luego Dorothy Parker, John Latouche y Richard Wilbur. Además, las letras de "I Am Easily Assimilated" las hicieron Leonard y Felicia Bernstein, y Hellman escribió las palabras de "Eldorado". Hershy Kay orquestó todo salvo la obertura, que hizo el propio Bernstein.

Candide se estrenó en Broadway como un musical el 1 de diciembre de 1956. Dirigieron la producción Tyrone Guthrie y Samuel Krachmalnick. Los escenarios y vestuario fueron diseñados por Oliver Smith e Irene Sharaff, respectivamente. Fue coreografiada por Anna Sokolow. Lo interpretaron Robert Rounseville como Cándido, Barbara Cook como Cunégonde, Max Adrian como el doctor Pangloss, e Irra Petina como la Anciana. Esta producción fue un desastre de taquilla, y solo estuvo en cartel dos meses con un total de 73 representaciones. El libreto de Hellman fue criticado en un artículo de The New York Times por ser demasiado serio:

La primera producción londinense se estrenó en el Teatro Saville de la Shaftesbury Avenue el 30 de abril de 1959 (después de interpretarse por breve tiempo en el New Theatre, Oxford y el teatro de ópera de Mánchester). Esta producción usó el libreto de Lillian Hellman con un crédito adicional "ayudada por Michael Stewart", y fue dirigido por Robert Lewis con coreografía de Jack Cole. En el reparto estaban Denis Quilley como Candide, Mary Costa como Cunegonde, Laurence Naismith como Dr. Pangloss y Edith Coates como la Vieja Dama. Tuvo 60 representciones.

Revisiones
El espectáculo se repuso en Broadway con la dirección de Harold Prince. Lillian Hellman no permitió que se usara su libreto en la reposición, de manera que Prince encargó un nuevo guion de un acto a Hugh Wheeler. El único elemento que se conservó del libro de Hellman fue el nombre que se inventó para el hermano de Cunegonde: "Maximilian", pues este personaje permanece sin nombre en la novela de Voltaire. Esta versión de 105 minutos, que omite alrededor de la mitad de los números musicales, fue conocida como la "versión de Chelsea", y se estrenó en 1973 en el Chelsea Theater Center de Robert Kalfin en la Academia de Música de Brooklyn, antes de trasladarse a Broadway en 1974 donde se representó durante alrededor de dos años.

En respuesta a peticiones de compañías de ópera para una versión más legítima, el espectáculo fue ampliado sobre la base del libro de Wheeler. La "versión para teatro de ópera" en dos actos contiene la mayor parte de la música de Bernstein, incluyendo algunas canciones que no se orquestaron para la producción original. Se estrenó en la New York City Opera en 1982 bajo la dirección de Prince y tuvo 34 representaciones.

En 1988, momento en el que Hellman había muerto, Bernstein empezó a trabajar con John Mauceri, por entonces director de la Ópera escocesa, para producir una versión que expresara sus deseos finales en relación con Candide. Wheeler murió antes de poder trabajar de nuevo en el texto e implicaron a John Wells.  El nuevo espectáculo se estrenó por la Ópera escocesa con el crédito "Adaptado para la Ópera escocesa por John Wells y John Mauceri".  Después de que Bernstein viese los ensayos finales y el estreno en Glasgow, decidió que era hora de que el propio compositor reexaminara Candide. Tomando como base la versión de la Ópera escocesa, hizo cambios en la orquestación, cambió el orden de los números en el segundo acto y alteró el final de varios números. Bernstein entonces dirigió y grabó lo que él llamó su "versión revisada final" con Jerry Hadley como Candide, June Anderson como Cunegonde, Christa Ludwig como la Vieja Dama y Adolph Green como Dr. Pangloss.  Deutsche Grammophon lanzó un DVD (2006, 147 min.), en sonido surround 5.0, de la grabación del 13 de diciembre de 1989 en el Barbican Centre de Londres, con un extra prólogo en video y epílogo del compositor y un texto impreso "Bernstein and Voltaire" por el colaborador John Wells explicando lo que Bernstein quería en esta versión revisada final.

Diez años más tarde (1999), cuando el Real Teatro Nacional en el Reino Unido decidió producir Candide, pareció necesaria otra revisión, y el libreto de Wheeler fue reescrito por John Caird. Este libro se ciñó más al texto original de Voltaire que ninguna otra versión previa. Las canciones permanecieron en gran medida como Bernstein pretendía. Es la llamada "versión RNT".

Aunque no tuvo éxito en su estreno, Candide ha superado actualmente la reacción poco entusiasta de los primeros públicos y críticos. Es muy popular entre las principales escuelas de música como un espectáculo de estudiantes debido a la calidad de su música y las oportunidades que ofrece a los estudiantes de canto. En los teatros de ópera se representa poco; en las estadísticas de Operabase  aparece la n.º 114 de las óperas representadas en 2005-2010, siendo la 2.ª en Estados Unidos y la primera de Bernstein, con 29 representaciones en el período (en la estadística no se menciona West Side Story).

Obertura
La obertura de Candide pronto ganó un lugar aparte en el repertorio orquestal. Después de una exitosa representación de concierto el 26 de enero de 1957, por la Orquesta Filarmónica de Nueva York bajo la batuta del propio compositor, pronto se hizo popular y fue interpretado por cerca de otro centenar de orquestas dentro de los dos años siguientes. Desde entonces, se ha convertido en una de las composiciones orquestales interpretada más frecuentemente por un compositor estadounidense del siglo XX; en 1987, fue la pieza más interpretada de música de concierto de Bernstein.

Números musicales
Esta lista procede de la "versión final revisada" de Bernstein, grabada en 1989.

Acto I
 Obertura
 Westphalia Chorale
 Life Is Happiness Indeed
 The Best of All Possible Worlds
 Universal Good
 Oh, Happy We
 It Must Be So (Meditación de Candide)
 Westphalia
 Battle Music
 Candide's Lament
 Dear Boy
 Auto-da-fé (What a day)
 Candide Begins His Travels; It Must Be Me (Segunda meditación)
 The Paris Waltz
 Glitter and Be Gay
 You Were Dead, You Know
 I Am Easily Assimilated (Tango de la Vieja Dama)
 Quartet Finale

Act II
 Universal Good
 My Love
 We Are Women
 The Pilgrim's Procession - Alleluia
 Quiet
 Introduction To Eldorado
 The Ballad Of Eldorado
 Words, Words, Words
 Bon Voyage
 The Kings' Barcarolle
 Money, Money, Money
 What's the Use?
 The Venice Gavotte
 Nothing More Than This
 Universal Good
 Make Our Garden Grow

Grabaciones
Hay una grabación de Candide para Deutsche Grammophon dirigida por el propio Bernstein en 1990, con el coro y Orquesta Sinfónica de Londres y siendo los principales intérpretes: Jerry Hadley (Candide), June Anderson (Cunegonde), Adolph Green (Dr. Pangloss / Martin), Christa Ludwig (Anciana), Nicolai Gedda (Gobernador / Vanderdendur / Ragotski), Kurt Ollmann (Maximilian / Capitán), Della Jones (Paquette), John Treleaven (Alquimista / Inquisidor / Sultán Achmet / Crook), Richard Suart (Chatarrero / Inquisidor / Rey Hermann Augustus), Clive Bayley (Vendedor de cerveza / Inquisidor / Tsar Ivan), Neil Jenkins (Vendedor de productos cosméticos / Inquisidor / Príncipe Charles Edward) y Lindsay Benson (Doctor / Inquisidor / Rey Stanislaus).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Una guía al Candide (en inglés)

Operetas
Musicales de Broadway
Musicales ganadores de Premios Tony
Óperas en inglés
Óperas de 1956
Óperas estrenadas en Nueva York
Óperas de Leonard Bernstein

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text:
Imagens das páginas
Por Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
Livros no Google Play
arteries enter. The essential part of the gland is therefore the periphery, the often kidney-like cortical substance.
In this can be distinguished, whenever the gland is at all well developed (and in some cases* of pathological enlargement it is extremely distinct) even'with the naked
eye, little, roundish, white or grey granules lying side by side. When the part is moderately well filled with blood, around each granule may be pretty nearly always discerned a red circle of vessels. These granules have long been called follicles, but it was doubtful whether they were distinct formations or mere convolutions of the lymphatic vessel protruding on the surface. Upon more delicate microscopical examination, the proper (glandular) substance of the follicles can easily be distinguished from the fibrous meshwork (stroma) which bounds them on all sides, and is externally continuous with the connective tissue of the capsule. The internal substance is chiefly composed of little cellular elements, which lie pretty loosely, being merely enclosed in a fine network of star-shaped, often nucleated trabeculae. If we attempt to search for the lymphatic vessels in the cortical substance, but very little can be discovered of them in the stroma,
Fig. 61. Sections through the cortical substance of human mesenteric glands. A. View of the whole cortical substance slightly magnified: P, investing adipose tissue and capsule, through which blood-vessels r, v, v enter. F, F, F. Follicles of the gland, into which the blood-vessels in part plunge, at i, i the interstitial tissue separating the follicles (stroma).
B. More highly magnified (280 times). C. The tissue of the capsule with parallel fibrils. a, a. The reticulum, partly empty, partly filled with the nucleated contents. The whole corresponds to the outer part of a follicle.
STRUCTURE OF LYMPHATIC GLANDS. 175
and if a gland be injected, the injection penetrates right into the middle of the follicles. If a mesenteric gland be examined during chylification, that is perhaps three or four hours after a meal at which fat has been taken in abundance, its whole substance appears white and perfectly milky, and on examining individual parts of it microscopically, the minute fat-drops of the chyle may be detected every where lying between the cellular elements of the follicles. It seems, therefore, that the current of lymph forces its way between these elements, and that no really free channel for it exists, seeing that the elements lie crowded together like the particles in a charcoal filter, so that the lymph trickles out again on the other side in a more or less purified state. The follicles should accordingly be regarded as spaces filled with cellular elements but variously intersected by a trabecular network, and thus they can no longer be held to be convolutions or dilatations of the lymphatics, but must be viewed as interposing themselves in the course of these vessels after they have broken up into a series of ramifications continually increasing in minuteness.
Of the minute elements contained in the follicles, the cells of the parenchyma, some appears to become separated
Fig. 62. Lymph-corpuscles from the interior of the follicles of a lymphatic gland. A. As usually seen; a, free nuclei, with and without nucleoli, simple and divided. b. Cells with smaller and larger nuclei, which are closely invested by the cell-wall. B. Enlarged cells from a hyperplastic bronchial gland in a case of variolous pneumonia (comp. in Fig. 57 the colourless blood-corpuscles from the same source), a. Largish cells with granules, and single nuclei. b. Club-shaped cells. c. Larger cells with larger nuclei and nucleoli. d. Division of nuclei. e. Club-shaped cells in close apposition (cell-division?). C. Cells with an endogenous brood. 300 diameters.
and afterwards to mingle with the blood as colourless blood- or lymph-corpuscles. The more the glands become enlarged, the more numerous are the cellular elements which pass into the blood, and the larger and more perfectly developed are the individual colourless cells of the blood wont to be.
The same condition seems to prevail in the spleen. Originally we all imagined that the veins were the channels by which the colourless corpuscles were conveyed away from the spleen; but in this instance also 1 have come to the conclusion that their removal is in all probability effected by means of the lymphatic vessels.
LECTURE IX.
PYEMIA AND LEUCOCTTOSIS.
Comparison between colourless blood, and pus-corpuscles.—Physiological reabsorption of pus; incomplete (inspissation, cheesy transformation), and complete (fatty metamorphosis, or milky transformation). Intravasation of pus.
Pus in the lymphatic vessels.—Retention of matters in the lymphatic glands —Mechanical separation (filtration).—Coloration by tattooing.—Chemical separation (attraction): Cancer, Syphilis.—Irritation of lymphatic glands, and its relation to leucocytosis.
Digestive and puerperal (physiological) leucocytosis.—Pathological leucocytosis (Scrofulosis, typhoid fever, cancer, erysipelas).
Lymphoid apparatuses: solitary and Peyerian follicles in the intestine.—Tonsils and follicles of the tongue.—Thymus.—Spleen.
Complete rejection of pyaemia as a dyscrasia susceptible of demonstration morphologically.
In a practical point of view the question oipycemia forcibly obtrudes itself upon us in connection with the changes which we have last considered, and as this must still be reckoned among the most controvertible of subjects, you will, I hope, allow me to enter a little more particularly into its details.
What is to be understood by pyaemia? It has generally been conceived to be a condition, in which the blood contains pus, and as pus is essentially characterized by its morphological constituents, what is meant of course is, that pus-corpuscles are to be seen in the blood. Now that we have found out, however, that the colourless corpuscles of the blood as they usually appear and are to be observed in people in the best state of health, resemble pus-corpuscles in every respect (p. 148), one essential point in the question is thus at the very outset got rid of. In order, however, to render the subject to some extent perspicuous, it is necessary to enter into the consideration of the different points of view which are here involved a little more in detail.
Colourless blood-cells are so like pus-corpuscles as easily to be mistaken for them, so that if in any specimen we meet with such elements, we can never say with certainty off-hand whether we have to deal with colourless blood-, or pus-corpuscles. Formerly, and to some extent even up to our own times, the view was very generally entertained that the constituents of pus pre-existed in the blood; that pus was only a kind of secretion from the blood, in somewhat the same way that urine is; and that it could also like a simple fluid return into the blood. This view explains, you see, the conception which has been so long preserved in the doctrine of the so-called physiological reabsorption of pus.
It was imagined that the pus might be again taken up into the blood from the different points at which it had been deposited, and that a favourable turn was thereby effected in the disease, inasmuch as the reabsorbed pus was thus at last removed from the body. The tale went that in the case of a patient with pus in the cavity of the pleura the disease might terminate in the evacuation of purulent urine or purulent faeces, without the pus having previously made its way directly from the pleura into the urinary passages or the intestinal canal. It was therefore admitted to be possible that pus might be reabsorbed and conveyed away in substance. Afterwards, when the doctrine of pyasmia had more and more gained ground, these cases


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text:
Tonnoiriella sieberti és una espècie de dípter pertanyent a la família dels psicòdids presents als territoris de les antigues República Federal Socialista de Iugoslàvia i Txecoslovàquia.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Arctos
 The Animal Diversity Web

sieberti


Families can experience illness, divorce or other problems that create conflict and stress. Family therapy can help families identify and resolve problems. Your family can be your greatest source of support, comfort and love. But it can also be your greatest source of pain and grief. A health crisis, mental illness, work problems or teenage rebellion may threaten to tear your family apart.
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Family therapy assumes that the family as a whole is larger than the sum of its parts. Family therapy may also be used to draw upon the strengths of a social network to help address a problem that may be completely externally caused rather than created or maintained by the family.
Family therapy helps families or individuals within a family understand and improve the way family members interact with each other and resolve conflicts.


text:
Open Section Art and architecture (1)
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Music x
Baker, Josephine (1906-1975)
Baker, Josephine (1906-1975), dancer, singer, and civil rights activist
Josephine Baker Photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1949. Courtesy of the Library of Congress (LC-USZ62-93000).
Patrick O'Connor
Baker, Josephine (03 June 1906–12 April 1975), dancer, singer, and civil rights activist, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Eddie Carson, a musician, and Carrie Macdonald. Her parents parted when Josephine was still an infant, and her mother married Arthur Martin, which has led to some confusion about her maiden name. Very little is known about her childhood, except that she was a witness to the East St. Louis riot in 1917. This event was often a feature of her talks in the 1950s and 1960s about racism and the fight for equality, which fostered the oft-repeated assertion that the family was resident in East St. Louis. Before the age of eighteen Josephine had been married twice, first to Willie Wells and then to William Baker, to whom she was married in Camden, New Jersey, in September 1921....
Denver, John (1943-1997), singer, songwriter, and environmental activist
Stacey Hamilton
Denver, John (31 December 1943–12 October 1997), singer, songwriter, and environmental activist, was born Henry John Deutschendorf, Jr., in Roswell, New Mexico, the son of Henry John "Dutch" Deutschendorf, an air force pilot, and Erma Swope Deutschendorf. Dutch Deutschendorf's military career forced the family to move often, and John grew up a shy, self-conscious loner with few friends. He began taking guitar lessons when he was eleven, and in high school he used his natural talent for playing and singing to gain popularity. From 1961 to 1964 he studied architecture at Texas Tech University, but he quit school in his junior year and moved to Los Angeles, where he hoped to devote himself full time to a music career. Taking the name "John Denver," he began playing at small folk clubs in the area with some success. He became a member of the "Backporch Majority," which played on the back porch of Ledbetter's, a club owned by Randy Sparks of the New Christy Minstrels, a popular folk group. But folk music was in transition at this time, as electric guitars and drums were more often being used, much to the dismay of traditionalists....
Fay, Amy Muller (1844-1928), pianist and musical activist
Margaret William McCarthy
Fay, Amy Muller (21 May 1844–28 February 1928), pianist and musical activist, was born in Bayou Goula, Louisiana, the child of Charlotte Emily Hopkins and Charles Fay, both descended from prominent New England families. (She was christened Amelia but was known as Amy.) Her father, an Episcopalian minister, was the son of a leading judge, while her mother, the daughter of the first Episcopal bishop of Vermont, was herself a woman of great intellect. Amy grew up in St. Albans, Vermont, where her father opened a private school. She received her first musical instruction from her mother. After her mother's death when Amy was twelve, she continued her music study with her older sisters, except for the summer of 1861, when she studied for a few weeks with Jan Pychowski at the normal school in Geneseo, New York....
Hutchinson Family Singers
Scott E. Gac
Hutchinson Family Singers, musicians and reformers, comprised Adoniram Judson Joseph (14 Mar. 1817–11 Jan. 1859), John Wallace (4 Jan. 1821–29 Oct. 1908), Asa Burnham (14 Mar. 1823–25 Nov. 1884), Abigail Jemima (29 Aug. 1829–23 Nov. 1892), and sometimes ...
The Hutchinson Family Singers. Left to right: Judson, Abby, John, and Asa Hutchinson. From the sheet music of their signature song, "The Old Granite State," published in 1843. Courtesy of George Fullerton.
Hutchinson, Abigail Jemima
See Hutchinson Family Singers
Hutchinson, Adoniram Judson Joseph
Hutchinson, Asa Burnham
Hutchinson, Jesse, Jr.
Hutchinson, John Wallace
Robeson, Paul (1898-1976)
Robeson, Paul (1898-1976), actor, singer, and civil rights activist
Paul Robeson As Othello. Photograph by Carl Van Vechten, 1944. Courtesy of the Library of Congress (LC-USZ62-111185).
Larry R. Gerlach
Robeson, Paul (09 April 1898–23 January 1976), actor, singer, and civil rights activist, was born Paul Leroy Robeson in Princeton, New Jersey, the son of William Drew Robeson, a Protestant minister, and Maria Louisa Bustill, a schoolteacher. Robeson's mother died when he was six years old, and he grew up under the influence of a perfectionist father, a former runaway slave who fought in the Union army. During his senior year at the Somerville, New Jersey, high school, he achieved the highest score in a statewide scholarship examination to attend Rutgers College (later Rutgers University). The lone black at Rutgers as a freshman in 1915 and only the third African American to attend the institution, Robeson was an outstanding student and athlete. A varsity debater, he won class prizes for oratory all four years, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior, was one of four seniors chosen for membership in the Cap and Skull honorary society, and was named class valedictorian. The 6′ 3″, 215-pound Robeson earned twelve varsity letters in four sports (baseball, basketball, football, and track) and was twice named football All-America (1917 and 1918). According to former Yale coach ...
Rose, Billy (1899-1966), songwriter, show business impresario, and philanthropist
William Stephenson
Rose, Billy (06 September 1899–10 February 1966), songwriter, show business impresario, and philanthropist, was born on the Lower East Side of New York City, the son of David Rosenberg, a button salesman, and Fannie Wernick. He was born William Samuel Rosenberg, according to most biographical sources, though one source states he adopted that name in school after being born Samuel Wolf Rosenberg. He grew up in the Bronx and attended public schools there, winning junior high school medals for sprinting and English. Medals and honors were important as proofs of stature and worth to Rose, who never grew taller than five feet three inches. In the High School of Commerce, he became an outstanding student of the Gregg system of shorthand, winning first a citywide competition (1917) and then a national competition (1918). In 1918 he left high school shortly before graduation to become head of the stenographic department of the War Industries Board, headed by ...
Seeger, Pete (03 May 1919–27 January 2014)
Allan M. Winkler
Seeger, Pete (03 May 1919–27 January 2014), folk singer and activist, was born Peter Seeger in New York City, the son of Charles Seeger, a musicologist and composer born in Mexico and trained at Harvard, and Constance de Clyver Edson, a concert violinist, born in Tunisia and trained at the Paris Conservatory of Music. Charles, hired to establish the music department at the University of California, Berkeley, lost his job as a result of his pacifism during World War I, and that led the family to return to New York. Pete endured a lonely childhood, complicated by his parents' divorce when he was eight. By that time he was already at boarding school, so he only really spent time with his parents, who lived on opposite sides of Central Park, when he was home on vacation. While a student at Avon Old Farms, an exclusive private high school in Connecticut, he began playing a four-string banjo, and later, when his father took him to the Ninth Annual Folk Song and Dance Festival in Asheville, North Carolina, he discovered the more versatile five-string banjo. He also loved the folk music he heard, and on his return to Washington, D.C., where his father now lived with his second wife, the musicologist and composer Ruth Crawford Seeger, he began to listen to recordings he found at the Library of Congress....
Simone, Nina (1933-2003), African American jazz singer, pianist, songwriter, and civil rights activist
Heather Buffington Anderson
Simone, Nina (21 February 1933–21 April 2003), African American jazz singer, pianist, songwriter, and civil rights activist, was born Eunice Kathleen Waymon in Tryon, North Carolina, the sixth of eight children of John Divine Waymon, a barber and owner of a dry-cleaning business, and Mary Kate Irvin, a housekeeper and minister. Eunice was an accomplished musician at a young age who began playing piano for St. Luke's Christian Methodist Episcopal Church when she was six years old. Mary Kate encouraged Eunice's musical pursuits but discouraged her taking part in nonreligious music, including blues, jazz, and Tin Pan Alley....
Simone, Nina (1933-2003)
Nina Simone. Photograph, 1982.
Warren, Josiah (c. 1798–14 April 1874), social reformer, inventor, musician, and America's first philosophical anarchist
Charles F. Howlett
Warren, Josiah (c. 1798–14 April 1874), social reformer, inventor, musician, and America's first philosophical anarchist, was born in Boston. The names of his parents are not known, although accounts indicate that he was a distant relative to James Warren, husband of Mercy Otis Warren...


text:
Home Sports News Cricket News James Anderson, England rip apart India on Day 2 at Lord's
(PIcture Credit: England Cricket Twitter)
James Anderson, England Rip Apart India On Day 2 At Lord's
Written By Narayan R | Mumbai | Published: August 11, 2018 09:46 IST
James Anderson was at his utmost best as England bowl out India for 107 in under 36 overs in the second Test at Lord's
Having won the toss, England skipper Joe Root decided to bowl first in overcast conditions
"Expectation leads to disappointment." Well, the fans, especially Indian supporters, who flocked up at Lord's to witness the second Test between England and India have very little to be happy about. The 'Home of Cricket' produced a mere 35 overs in the first two days of play. Day One was washed out due to rain, and Day Two saw action taking place in patches. Though, from the very limited cricket supporters witnessed, there was drama.
Having won the toss, England skipper Joe Root decided to bowl first in overcast conditions. It was a pretty straightforward decision, given the hosts had included another fast-bowler in Chris Woakes. On the other side, Indian skipper Virat Kohli was disappointed having lost the toss, and knew a tough challenge awaited the visitors.
The first phase of cricket action saw only 6.3 overs bowled. But in that short span, England opening bowlers wrecked havoc. With the new ball and conditions favoring swing, James Anderson was all over the Indian batters. In the very first over, he dismissed Murali Vijay off a beauty. And England's leading wicket-taker got another two balls before the rain interception, when he got KL Rahul edging a swinging delivery to Jonny Bairstow.
After a two hour break, play resumed, and this time it lasted for less than two overs. But within this time span, calamity struck India. Cheteshwar Pujara, making a return to playing XI, was run-out after a mix-up with Kohli. The dismissal came on the stroke of another rain intervention, which was to last in excess of three hours.
Though, for once, conditions got better, and rest of the day went without any other stoppage. From that moment till the end, the England bowlers produced bowling masterclass. Kohli and Ajinkya Rahane, who were at the crease during restart, were stitching a small partnership, much due to the aide of England fielders, who had butter fingers.
Woakes, in for Ben Stokes, troubled Kohli right from the moment he came to bowl. His first two overs went for maiden, as he kept creating chances. And his hard work was rewarded in the fourth ball of his third over, when the Indian skipper edged a ball to third slip, where Jos Buttler grabbed it.
India soon lost Hardik Pandya and Dinesh Karthik in quick succession, and were left reeling at 62 for 6. But Rahane and Ravichandran Ashwin played some glorious shots, and gave their fans something to cheer.
Though, it just took one more dismissal for India to fall like a pack of cards. Anderson dismissed Rahane for 18, and after that, the visitors lost their final three wickets for 23 runs. India were bowled out for a mere 107 in under 36 overs.
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