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ROBERT E. HARDING, receiver, vs. THE BROADWAY NATIONAL BANK OF CHELSEA.
November 14, 1935 - February 28, 1936
Court Below: Superior Court, Suffolk County
Present: RUGG, C. J., CROSBY, PIERCE, DONAHUE, & QUA, JJ.
Bank and Banking. Contract, What constitutes, Credit agreement with bank. Bills and Notes, Maturity. Practice, Civil, Exceptions: whether error harmful.
An original contract in writing between a bank and its depositor, providing that, in case the depositor became insolvent or failed at once to notify the bank of a material change in his financial standing as shown in the contract, "all or any of the claims or demands against the" depositor "held by" the bank "shall at the option thereof immediately become due and payable," was a contract separable from a note of the depositor later given to the bank and not embodying it; and insolvency of the depositor and his failure to notify the bank of change in his financial condition did not justify the bank in dishonoring the depositor's checks and applying his deposits toward payment of such note before its due date.
An action by the receiver of an insolvent corporation against a bank to recover the amount of the corporation's deposit wrongfully applied by the bank toward payment of the corporation's unmatured note was not defeated by the bank's again applying the deposit after maturity of the note.
The record before this court disclosing that the granting, by a judge hearing an action at law without a jury, of a request for a ruling that "on all the evidence and the law the plaintiff is entitled to recover," was treated by him as a request for a finding of fact, an exception thereto was overruled, no harmful error being shown.
CONTRACT. Writ dated March 17, 1933.
The action was heard in the Superior Court by Donnelly, J., without a jury. He found for the plaintiff in the sum of $1,960.73. The defendant alleged exceptions.
C. A. Warren, (N. R. Voorhis with him,) for the defendant.
M. Witte, for the plaintiff.
PIERCE, J. This is an action of contract brought by the plaintiff, as the receiver for the Francis & Badger Motor Co., against the defendant bank for an alleged breach of contract with respect to a credit balance of the motor.
company. The answer was a general denial and payment. The case was tried in the Superior Court without a jury. The trial judge found for the plaintiff and assessed damages in the sum of $1,960.73.
The questions of law raised by the exceptions relate to certain requests for rulings by the plaintiff granted by the judge, and to certain requests for rulings by the defendant which the judge denied. The material facts shown by the record are in substance as follows: The Francis & Badger Motor Co., a Massachusetts corporation, was engaged in distributing automobiles. In 1921 the motor company (hereinafter referred to as the depositor) desired to open a commercial account in the defendant bank, for the purpose of depositing items to its credit to be drawn against, and also to establish credit with the defendant so that the depositor might borrow money from time to time as agreed on. The depositor's treasurer informed the president of the defendant bank of the relationship it desired to establish. The bank thereupon issued to the depositor a paper, popularly known as a credit statement, the blanks on which were to be filled out by the depositor. After the credit statement was filled out, signed and delivered by the depositor through its treasurer to the defendant, the account was opened.
From 1921 to 1932 the defendant made loans to the depositor, receiving the latter's promissory notes as evidence thereof, discounted its notes receivable, furnished it with money to take up and pay drafts for the price of automobiles purchased, and in general furnished financial accommodation to the depositor as needed.
Among such loans was one made on January 16, 1930, of $3,000 for which the bank received the borrower's promissory note, indorsed personally by Badger, its treasurer, and by Francis, its president. This loan was reduced and new notes given for the reduced amounts from time to time, the last renewal being on June 8, 1932, when, at the request of Francis, then treasurer, it was renewed for $2,400 by note of that date, payable to the order of the defendant in one month.
New credit statements were furnished by the depositor to the defendant, at the latter's request, from time to time, during the period in which they did business. The last of such statements which the defendant says it has received is dated August 17, 1931, and purports to disclose the financial condition of the depositor on July 31, 1931. At the top of each statement signed by the depositor there was printed the following: "For the purpose of procuring and establishing credit from time to time with the above Bank, the undersigned submits the following as his being a true and correct statement of their financial condition on the 31st day of July, 1931. We agree that if any change occurs that materially reduces the assets or ability of the undersigned to pay all claims or demands against me us the undersigned will immediately and without delay notify the said Bank, and unless the Bank is so notified it may continue to rely upon the statement herein given as a true and accurate statement of the financial condition of the undersigned: In consideration of the granting of any credit by said Bank, the undersigned agree that in case of failure or insolvency on the part of the undersigned, or in the event of it appearing at any time that any of the following representations are untrue, or in case of the occurrence of such change as aforesaid or of failure to notify such change as above agreed, all or any of the claims or demands against the undersigned held by said Bank shall at the option thereof immediately become due and payable. Further, that the exercise of, or omission to exercise such option in any instance, shall not waive or affect any other or subsequent right to exercise the same."
All loans made by defendant and all loans and notes renewed, including the renewal note of June 8, 1932, for $2,400 were in reliance on the contents of the latest credit statement which the defendant had at the time received, but there is no direct evidence that the defendant so informed the depositor.
For a considerable period of time prior to June 8, 1932, the depositor was in financial straits. Taxes on real estate were unpaid, mortgage interest had accumulated, and the business was being carried on at a loss. In May, 1932, Francis, who at that time was treasurer as well as president, found a purchaser for the business, and a scheme was evolved whereby the purchaser was to obtain the business after the corporation had gone through bankruptcy. On June 3, 1932, unsuccessful attempts were made to induce certain employees of the corporation, to whom the latter was indebted for wages, to become petitioning creditors in bankruptcy proceedings. On June 11, 1932, the defendant through one of those employees, learned of the financial condition of the depositor and of the proposed bankruptcy. On the same day the defendant communicated with Francis, who admitted the bad financial condition of the company and said he had not mentioned it three days earlier, when the note of June 8 had been given, because he was ashamed to do so. Tierney, acting for the defendant, then pointed out the acceleration provision in the credit statement, and stated that the defendant was calling the note immediately. On June 11, 1932, therefore, the defendant, pending Francis's attempts to raise money, charged the depositor's account with the amount of the balance which was $1,673.64, and placed the sum in the form of a cashier's draft. Payment on the depositor's checks presented that day was refused by the bank. On June 15, 1932, the defendant received $25.50 in settlement of a collection item held for the depositor, and that amount after being credited to the depositor's account was similarly charged off. On June 23, 1932, Francis not being able to satisfy the bank in his attempts to raise money, the defendant indorsed, as credits on the note, the amounts of the cashier's drafts and cancelled the drafts.
On and after June 8, 1932, the only unsecured indebtedness of the depositor to the defendant was on said $2,400 note, no part of which has been paid, except by the appropriation of the sums of $1,673.64 and $25.50, as aforesaid.
The depositor's petition for dissolution was filed June
21, 1932. An order of notice issued, returnable on July 20, 1932. On September 23, 1932, the Superior Court entered an order of dissolution under G. L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 155, § 50, and appointed the plaintiff receiver. The defendant had no notice of the dissolution proceedings until it received a letter from the receiver requesting information. On March 1, 1933, the defendant filed in the receivership proceedings a proof of claim in the amount of $693.23, alleged to be the balance due with interest on the note of June 8, 1932.
The judge found that in extending credit, including the loan evidenced by the note of June 8, 1932, the defendant relied on the credit statements, that the depositor was insolvent for a long time prior to said date, that the credit statements were not physically incorporated in, nor given contemporaneously with, said note, and that the bank had no authority to accelerate the maturity of the note unless the clause in the credit statement conferred that right; and he ruled that the bank had no right by virtue of the acceleration clause or otherwise to appropriate the depositor's balance as it did.
The questions of law raised by the defendant are: "First. As to the defendant's right to appropriate and apply the balances due to the depositor, on its checking account, in partial payment of its indebtedness to the defendant, represented by its promissory note not then matured; and - Second. If it did not have such right, will not such appropriation and application be given effect upon the subsequent maturity of the note?"
The trial judge, in connection with his ruling disposing of the defendant's contention respecting its authority to appropriate and apply the balance to the credit of the depositor in its checking account in reduction of its loan in advance of the stated maturity of the note, made the additional finding "that the credit statements were in no way physically incorporated in nor given contemporaneously with said note dated June 8, 1932"; and that "at no time did the depositor, or anyone having authority so to do, consent to the acceleration of the maturity of said
note by the defendant or to the appropriation of any of its balances before the maturity of the note as written, unless the defendant had such authority by virtue of said credit statements, or any of them, or any provisions thereof." And he ruled "that the maturity of said note could not be accelerated by virtue of any of said credit statements, or any provisions thereof, and that the defendant was not justified in appropriating the depositor's balance or balances on June 11 and June 15, 1932, respectively, being before the maturity of said note as written."
Under normal circumstances a bank may set off a debtor's deposit against a matured obligation of the debtor to it. Furber v. Dane, 203 Mass. 108, 117, and cases cited. Howard v. Barnstable County National Bank of Hyannis, 291 Mass. 131. No such right exists in favor of a bank where the debtor's obligation to it is unmatured at the time of the attempted set-off. Spaulding v. Backus, 122 Mass. 553. Wiley v. Bunker Hill National Bank, 183 Mass. 495, 498. Putnam v. United States Trust Co. 223 Mass. 199, 202. If bankruptcy had intervened before the maturity of the note it would have been a provable debt at once and could have been set off without awaiting its maturity. Studley v. Boylston National Bank, 229 U. S. 523. Bankruptcy Act, § 63, 68a, 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 562, 565. Likewise under our insolvency law. Demmon v. Boylston Bank, 5 Cush. 194. The mere insolvency of the depositor before the maturity of the note did not accelerate its maturity. Heywood v. Perrin, 10 Pick. 228, 230. So long as the balance of the account to the credit of the depositor exceeds the amount of the debt due and payable by him to the bank, the bank is bound to honor his checks to the extent of the excess, and is liable to an action by the depositor if it does not. National Mahaiwe Bank v. Peck, 127 Mass. 298, 300. The right of a bank to set off deposits against a debt due or to become due, however, may be waived by contract. Boston-Continental National Bank v. Hub Fruit Co. 285 Mass. 187, 190. Compare Stetson v. Exchange Bank, 7 Gray 425, 428.
It is the defendant's contention in the case at bar that
the terms of the credit statement added to its rights. It is the plaintiffs contention that the defendant's attempt was ineffective because the contract entered into at the time the depositor signed the credit statement cannot vary the time of maturity expressed in the note of June 8, 1932; and that the credit statement could be asserted only on or after June 11, 1932, by a separate action for breach thereof. Central Bank v. Willard, 17 Pick. 150, 153. Pitkin v. Frink, 8 Met. 12, 17. The plaintiff further contends that the defendant's answer is confined to a general denial and payment; that there is nothing in the bill of exceptions to indicate payment, but on the contrary the bill of exceptions shows that the defendant disenabled itself and actually refused to make payment on the depositor's checks; that the sole issue at the trial was whether or not the defendant was justified by the credit statement in appropriating the depositor's balances, and that no question of fraud or rescission was open in this action.
The defendant draws attention to the fact that the action is not on the instrument but is an action on an alleged breach of contract by the bank in failing to pay over the depositor's credit balance. It contends that the credit statement set forth the terms of the general relationship which was to exist between the depositor and the bank in their future dealings; compare Fruit Dispatch Co. v. Wolman, 124 Maine, 355, 358; and that it may reasonably be inferred from the provisions of the credit statement that the making of loans, and the accepting of notes of the depositor as evidence thereof, was contemplated by the agreement. It is the defendant's further contention that although the use of negotiable instruments was contemplated, there is no indication that when such notes were issued they were to supersede the prior general agreement, but rather that they were to be issued in conformity therewith. Compare Updike v. Manufacturers Trust Co. 243 App. Div. (N. Y.) 15, 18, affirmed 267 N. Y. 528.
Assuming its contentions to be sound, the defendant alleges that the note and the credit agreement fall within the rule that when several instruments evidence a single
contract between the parties, the instruments will be read together in order to arrive at an interpretation of the contract. Heywood v. Perrin, 10 Pick. 228, 230. Franklin Savings Institution v. Reed, 125 Mass. 365. Skilton v. R. H. Long Cadillac La Salle Co. 265 Mass. 595, 597. Assuming the rule is applicable here, it was not essential that the credit agreement and the negotiable note should be executed at the same time. McFarland v. Boston & Lowell Railroad, 115 Mass. 63, 66. Wilson v. Powers, 131 Mass. 539, 540-541. In such situation the instruments in legal contemplation are regarded as having been executed simultaneously or in such order as shall most effectively carry out the expressed intent of the parties. Wheelock v. Freeman, 13 Pick. 165, 167. Thayer v. Burchard, 99 Mass. 508, 518. Construing the instruments together the defendant contends that under the acceleration provision of the credit agreement the defendant had the right, for the purpose of enabling it to set off deposits against the depositor's obligation, to declare the instrument of June 8, 1932, matured.
Considering the whole case, we are of opinion that the negotiable note and the acceleration provision of the credit agreement were independent, separate and distinct contracts between the parties, upon the breach of which, by either, the other would have a right of action. We are of the further opinion that the plaintiff's right of action accrued when the alleged wrongful application was made, and such right was not contingent upon any subsequent application on the note by the defendant on July 8, 1932, when the note of June 8, 1932, matured.
The allowance of the plaintiff's request that "On all the evidence and the law the plaintiff is entitled to recover" is a manifest but harmless error. The right to have the exceptions of the defendant sustained because of the error falls within the rule applied in Patterson v. Ciborowski, 277 Mass, 260, 267, and not within Pearson v. O'Connell, 291 Mass. 527. It follows that this exception must be and is overruled.
Although the defendant has not specifically argued each
exception saved in its brief we have carefully given consideration to all of them and we are of opinion that the defendant has suffered no substantial harm by the specific rulings made and refused.


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The U.S. Census is required under the U.S. Constitution to occur every 10 years and is the process of counting every resident in the country. For the first time ever, in 2020 the Census will be primarily digitally based.
The U.S. Census data is used to make decisions around education, healthcare, infrastructure, and political representation. With increased growth in the country, getting an accurate and complete count of every person living within is crucial to ensure that each state receives funding to support the number of residents in each state. This Census the focus continues to be on reaching hard to count communities and ensuring these communities get included in the Census count.
The League's Census work will occur in three phases: (1) Education; (2) Get Out to Count activities, (3) Watchdog reporting. In the months leading up to Census Day—April 1, 2020—Leagues around the country will be in communities sharing information and resources about how to participate and the importance of the U.S. Census. On Census Day, the League will work in coalition to help get everyone counted, work in Complete Count Committees to share out information about low-reporting areas, and communicate where additional support is needed. Once the Census count wraps up in the Summer/Fall of 2020, the League's will remain in communities and will watchdog any issues from the ground.
League Celebrates 2020 Census Will Not Include a Citizenship Question
Late Tuesday the Trump Administration announced the 2020 Census forms will be printed without a citizenship question. The announcement came days after the Supreme Court blocked the question.
In the Know: Analyzing SCOTUS Hearing on Adding a Citizenship Question to 2020 Census
On Tuesday, the U.S. Supreme Court heard Department of Commerce v. New York, a case challenging the Administration's decision to add a citizenship question to the 2020 Census short form. Learn more about the case here.
Supreme Court Upholds Exclusion of Citizenship Question in 2020 Census
Today, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Department of Commerce v. New York that a citizenship question in the U.S. Census report cannot proceed for 2020. The League of Women Voters of New York State was one of several named organizational plaintiffs in the case.
What's at Stake for this Census
Community organizing and advocacy will be an essential part of GOTC efforts this year. Here's what's at stake.
LWVUS Urges Congress to Fund 2020 Census
The League joined the Census Project and other national and state organizations calling for full funding of the 2020 Census in the FY20 appropriations bills.
NPR: Some Fear Undercount As Texas Decides Not To Spend Money On 2020 Census
Officials at the state level in Texas have decided not to spend any money on the 2020 census, even though in the past 10 years the population of Texas has grown massively. So business leaders, large cities and even nonprofits in Texas say they're being forced to step in instead.
Census In Depth
Census 2020: One Year Out
In less than one year, on April 1, 2020, the Census will be in full swing. This process of counting will ensure that the political power, health, and safety of every community is maintained or enhanced in the upcoming decade.
LWVUS Joins Amicus in Department of Commerce v. New York
The League joined 178 civic organizations on an amicus brief for the census litigation case in New York.
speeches & testimony
League Submits Comments on 2020 Census Address Canvass
LWVUS submitted substantive comments to the U.S. Census Bureau on the 2020 Address Canvassing operation.
League Sends Memo to U.S. House on Census Citizenship Question
The League sent a memo to the U.S. House regarding the citizenship question on the U.S. Census.
League Submits Comments Regarding Citizenship on 2020 Census
The League submitted organizational comments regarding the inclusion of the citizenship question on the 2020 Census.
League Urges Bipartisan Committee to Continue to Demand Transparency on the 2020 Census
The U.S. House Oversight and Government Reform Committee continues to explore the proposal of a question related to citizenship on the 2020 Census.
League Sends Letter to House Committee on Citizenship and the U.S. Census
The League sent a letter to the U.S. House Oversight and Government Affairs Committee urging the committee to use its power and remove the citizenship question from the 2020 Census.
League Commends Chairman Gowdy for Demanding DOJ Official Answer Census Citizenship Questions
It is up to Congress to exercise oversight authority over the Census Bureau and remove the citizenship question from the 2020 Census.
League Joins Groups Demanding Oversight Hearings on Census Citizenship Question
The League joined letters calling on the committees of jurisdiction in the U.S. Senate and House to address the inclusion of a citizenship question on the 2020 Census.

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Data is the future of machine intelligence
in: Analysis,App,Artificial Intelligence,Science & Technology News
Douglas Coupland: I look at apps like Grindr and Tinder and see how they've rewritten sex culture — by creating a sexual landscape filled with vast amounts of incredibly graphic site-specific data — and I can't help but wonder why there isn't an app out there that rewrites political culture in the same manner. I don't think there is. Therefore I'm inventing an app to do so and I'm calling it Wonkr — which somehow seems appropriate for a politically geared app. I dropped the "e" to make it feel more appy.
What does Wonkr do? Primarily, you put Wonkr on your phone and it asks you a quick set of questions about your beliefs. Then, the moment there are more than a few people around you (who also have Wonkr), it tells you about the people you're sharing the room with. You'll be in a crowded restaurant in Nashville and you can tell that 73 per cent of the room is Republican. Go into the kitchen and you'll see that it's 84 per cent Democrat. You'll be in an elevator in Manhattan and the higher you go, the percentage of Democrats shrinks. Go to Germany — or France or anywhere, really — and Wonkr adapts to local politics.
The thing to remember is: Wonkr only activates in crowds. If you're at home alone, with the apps switched off, nobody can tell anything about you. (But then maybe you want to leave it on . . . Many political people are exhibitionists that way.)
Wonkr's job is to tell you the political temperature of a busy space. "Am I among friends or enemies?" But then you can easily change the radius of testability. Instead of just the room you're standing in, make it of the block or the whole city — or your country. Wonkr is a de facto polling app. Pollsters are suddenly out of a job: Wonkr tells you — with astonishing accuracy — who believes what, and where they do it.
Here's an interesting fact about politics: people with specific beliefs only want to meet and hang out with people who believe the same things as themselves. It's like my parents and Fox News . . . it's impossible for me to imagine my parents ever saying, "What? You mean there are liberal folk nearby us who have differing political opinions? Good Lord! Bring them to us now and let's have a lively and impartial dialogue, after which we all agree to cheerfully disagree . . . maybe we'll even have our beliefs changed!" When it comes to the sharing of an ethos, history shows us that the more irrational a shared belief is, the better. (The underpinning maths of cultism is that when two people with self-perceived marginalised views meet, they mutually reinforce these beliefs, ratcheting up the craziness until you have a pair of full-blown nutcases.)
What we're discussing here is the creation of data pools that, until recently, have been extraordinarily difficult and expensive to gather. However, sooner rather than later, we'll all be drowning in this sort of data. It will be collected voluntarily in large doses (using the Wonkr, Tinder or Grindr model) — or involuntarily or in passing through other kinds of data: your visit to a Seattle pot store; your donation to the SPCA; the turnstile you went through at a football match. Almost anything can be converted into data — or metadata — which can then be processed by machine intelligence. Quite accurately, you could say, data + machine intelligence = Artificial Intuition.
Artificial Intuition happens when a computer and its software look at data and analyse it using computation that mimics human intuition at the deepest levels: language, hierarchical thinking — even spiritual and religious thinking. The machines doing the thinking are deliberately designed to replicate human neural networks, and connected together form even larger artificial neural networks. It sounds scary . . . and maybe it is (or maybe it isn't). But it's happening now. In fact, it is accelerating at an astonishing clip, and it's the true and definite and undeniable human future.
So let's go back to Wonkr.
Wonkr may, in some simple senses, already exist. Amazon can tell if you're straight or gay within seven purchases. A few simple algorithms applied to your everyday data (internet data alone, really) could obviously discern your politics. From a political pollster's perspective, once you've been pegged, then you're, well,pegged. At that point the only interest politicians might have in you is if you're a swing voter.
Political data is valuable data, and at the moment it's poorly gathered and not necessarily well understood, and there's not much out there that isn't quickly obsolete. But with Wonkr, the centuries-long, highly expensive political polling drought would be over and now there would be LOADS of data. So then, why limit the app to politics? What's to prevent Wonkr users from overlapping their data with, for example, a religious group-sourcing app called Believr? With Believr, the machine intelligence would be quite simple. What does a person believe in, if anything, and how intensely do they do so? And again, what if you had an app that discerns a person's hunger for power within an organisation, let's call it Hungr — behavioural data that can be cross-correlated with Wonkr and Believr and Grindr and Tinder? Taken to its extreme, the entire family of belief apps becomes the ultimate demographic Klondike of all time. What began as a cluster of mildly fun apps becomes the future of crowd behaviour and individual behaviour.
Wonkr (and Believr and Hungr et al) are just imagined examples of how Artificial Intuition can be enhanced and accelerated to a degree that's scientifically and medically shocking. Yet this machine intelligence is already morphing, and it's not just something simple like Amazon suggesting books you'd probably like based on the one you just bought (suggestions that are often far better than the book you just bought). Artificial Intuition systems already gently sway us in whatever way they are programmed to do.Flying in coach not business? You're tall. Why not spend $29 on extra legroom? Guess what — Jimmy Buffett has a cool new single out, and you should see the Tommy Bahama shirt he wears on his avatar photo. I'm sorry but that's the third time you've entered an incorrect password; I'm going to have to block your IP address from now on — but to upgrade to a Dell-friendly security system, just click on the smiley face to the right . . . And none of what you just read comes as any sort of surprise. But 20 years ago it would have seemed futuristic, implausible and in some way surmountable, because you, having character, would see these nudges as the trivial commerce they are, and would be able to disregard them accordingly. What they never could have told you 20 years ago, though, is how boring and intense and unrelenting this sort of capitalist micro-assault is, from all directions at all waking moments, and how, 20 years later, it only shows signs of getting much more intense, focused, targeted, unyielding and galactically more boring. That's the future and pausing to think about it makes us curl our toes into fists within our shoes. It is going to happen. We are about to enter the Golden Age of Intuition and it is dreadful.
I sometimes wonder, How much data am I generating? Meaning: how much data do I generate just sitting there in a chair, doing nothing except exist as a cell within any number of global spreadsheets and also as a mineable nugget lodged within global memory storage systems — inside the Cloud, I suppose. (Yay Cloud!)
Did I buy a plane ticket online today? Did I get a speeding ticket? Did my passport quietly expire? Am I unwittingly reading a statistically disproportionate number of articles on cancer? Is my favourite shirt getting frayed and is it in possible need of replacement? Do I have a thing for short blondes? Is my grammar deteriorating in a way that suggests certain subcategories of dementia?
In 1998, I wrote a book in which a character working for the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant in Oregon is located using a "misspellcheck" programme that learnt how users misspell words. It could tell my character if she needed to trim her fingernails or when she was having her period, but it was also used down the road to track her down when she was typing online at a café. I had an argument with an editor over that one: "This kind of program is simply not possible. You can't use it. You'll just look stupid!" In 2015 you can probably buy a misspellcheck as a 49-cent app from iTunes . . . or upgrade to Misspellcheck Pro for another 99 cents.
What a strange world. It makes one long for the world before DNA and the internet, a world in which people could genuinely vanish. The Unabomber — Theodore "Ted" Kaczynski — seems like a poster boy for this strain of yearning. He had literally no data stream, save for his bombs and his manifesto, which ended up being his undoing. How? He promised The New York Times and Washington Post that he'd stop sending bombs if they would print his manifesto, which they did. Then his brother recognised his writing style and turned him in to the FBI. Machine intelligence — Artificial Intuition — steeped in deeply rooted language structures, would have found Kaczynski's writing style in under one-10th of a second.
Kaczynski really worked hard at vanishing but he got nabbed in the 1990s before data exploded. If he existed today, could he still exist? Could he unexist himself in 2015? You can still live in a windowless cabin these days but you can't do it anonymously any more. Even the path to your shack would be on Google Maps. (Look, you can see a stack of red plastic kerosene cans from satellite view.) Your metadata stream might be tiny but it would still exist in a way it never did in the past. And don't we all know vanished family members or former friends who work hard so as to have no online presence? That mode of self-concealment will be doomed soon enough. Thank you, machine intelligence.
But wait. Why are we approaching data and metadata as negative? Maybe metadata is good, and maybe it somehow leads to a more focused existence. Maybe, in future, mega-metadata will be our new frequent flyer points system. Endless linking and embedding can be disguised as fun or practicality. Or loyalty. Or servitude.
Last winter, at a dinner, I sat across the table from the VP of North America's second-largest loyalty management firm (explain that term to Karl Marx), the head of their airline loyalty division. I asked him what the best way to use points was. He said, "The one thing you never ever use points for is for flying. Only a loser uses their miles on trips. It costs the company essentially nothing while it burns off swathes of points. Use your points to buy stuff, and if there isn't any stuff to buy," (and there often isn't: it's just barbecues, leather bags and crap jewellery) "then redeem miles for gift cards at stores where they might sell stuff you want. But for God's sake, don't use them to fly. You might as well flush those points down the toilet."
Glad I asked.
And what will future loyalty data deliver to its donors, if not barbecues and Maui holidays? Access to the business-class internet? Prescription medicines made in Europe not in China? Maybe points could count towards community service duty?
Who would these new near-future entities be that want all of your metadata anyway? You could say corporations. We've now all learnt to reflexively think of corporations when thinking of anything sinister but the term "corporation" now feels slightly Adbustery and unequipped to handle 21st-century corporate weirdness. Let's use the term "Cheney" instead of "corporation". There are lots of Cheneys out there and they are all going to want your data, whatever their use for it. Assuming these Cheneys don't have the heart to actually kill or incarcerate you in order to garner your data, how will they collect it, even if only semi-voluntarily? How might a Cheney make people jump on to your loyalty programme (data aggregation in disguise) instead of viewing it with suspicion?
Here's an idea: what if metadata collection was changed from something spooky into something actually desirable and voluntary? How could you do that and what would it be? So right here I'm inventing the metadata version of Wonkr, and I'm going to give it an idiotic name: Freedom Points. What are Freedom Points? Every time you generate data, in whatever form, you accrue more Freedom Points. Some data is more valuable than other, so points would be ranked accordingly: a trip to Moscow, say, would be worth a million times more points than your trip to the 7-Eleven.
Well then, what do Freedom Points allow you to do? They would allow you to exercise your freedom, your rights and your citizenship in fresh modern ways: points could allow you to bring extra assault rifles to dinner at your local Olive Garden restaurant. A certain number of Freedom Points would allow you to erase portions of your criminal record — or you could use Freedom Points to remove hours from your community service. And as Freedom Points are about mega-capitalism, everyone is involved, even the corn industry — especially the corn industry. Big Corn. Big Genetically Modifiedcorn. Use your Freedom Points that earn discount visits to Type 2 diabetes management retreats.
The thing about Freedom Points is that if you think about them for more than 12 seconds, you realise they have the magic ring of inevitability. The idea is basically too dumb to fail. The larger picture is that you have to keep generating more and more and more data in order to embed yourself ever more deeply into the global community. In a bold new equation, more data would convert into more personal freedom.
At the moment, Artificial Intuition is just you and the Cloud doing a little dance with a few simple algorithms. But everyone's dance with the Cloud will shortly be happening together in a cosmic cyber ballroom, and everyone's data stream will be communicating with everyone else's and they'll be talking about you: what did you buy today? What did you drink, ingest, excrete, inhale, view, unfriend, read, lean towards, reject, talk to, smile at, get nostalgic about, get angry about, link to, like or get off on? Tie these quotidian data hits within the longer time framework matrices of Wonkr, Believr, Grindr, Tinder et al, and suddenly you as a person, and you as a group of people, become something that's humblingly easy to predict, please, anticipate, forecast and replicate. Tie this new machine intelligence realm in with some smart 3D graphics that have captured your body metrics and likeness, and a few years down the road you become sort of beside the point. There will, at some point, be a dematerialised, duplicate you. While this seems sort of horrifying in a Stepford Wife-y kind of way, the difference is that instead of killing you, your replicant meta-entity, your synthetic doppelgänger will merely try to convince you to buy a piqué-knit polo shirt in tones flattering to your skin at Abercrombie & Fitch.
This all presupposes the rise of machine intelligence wholly under the aegis of capitalism. But what if the rise of Artificial Intuition instead blossoms under the aegis of theology or political ideology? With politics we can see an interesting scenario developing in Europe, where Google is by far the dominant search engine. What is interesting there is that people are perfectly free to use Yahoo or Bing yet they choose to stick with Google and then they get worried about Google having too much power — which is an unusual relationship dynamic, like an old married couple. Maybe Google could be carved up into baby Googles? But no. How do you break apart a search engine? AT&T was broken into seven more or less regional entities in 1982 but you can't really do that with a search engine. Germany gets gaming? France gets porn? Holland gets commerce? It's not a pie that can be sliced.
The time to fix this data search inequity isn't right now, either. The time to fix this problem was 20 years ago, and the only country that got it right was China, which now has its own search engine and social networking systems. But were the British or Spanish governments — or any other government — to say, "OK, we're making our own proprietary national search engine", that would somehow be far scarier than having a private company running things. (If you want paranoia, let your government control what you can and can't access — which is what you basically have in China. Irony!)
The tendency in theocracies would almost invariably be one of intense censorship, extreme limitations of access, as well as machine intelligence endlessly scouring its system in search of apostasy and dissent. The Americans, on the other hand, are desperately trying to implement a two-tiered system to monetise information in the same way they've monetised medicine, agriculture, food and criminality. One almost gets misty-eyed looking at North Koreans who, if nothing else, have yet to have their neurons reconfigured, thus turning them into a nation of click junkies. But even if they did have an internet, it would have only one site to visit, and its name would be gloriousleader.nk.
To summarise. Everyone, basically, wants access to and control over what you will become, both as a physical and metadata entity. We are also on our way to a world of concrete walls surrounding any number of niche beliefs. On our journey, we get to watch machine intelligence become profoundly more intelligent while, as a society, we get to watch one labour category after another be systematically burped out of the labour pool. (Doug's Law: An app is only successful if it puts a lot of people out of work.)
The darkest thought of all may be this: no matter how much politics is applied to the internet and its attendant technologies, it may simply be far too late in the game to change the future. The internet is going to do to us whatever it is going to do, and the same end state will be achieved regardless of human will. Gulp.
Do we at least want to have free access to anything on the internet? Well yes, of course. But it's important to remember that once a freedom is removed from your internet menu, it will never come back. The political system only deletes online options — it does not add them. The amount of internet freedom we have right now is the most we're ever going to get.
If our lives are a movie, this is the point where the future audience is shouting at the screen, "For God's sake, load up on as much porn and gore and medical advice, and blogs and film and TV and everything as you possibly can! It's not going to last much longer!"
And it isn't.
Image and article via FT Magazine
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Thinking about remodeling your kitchen? It's important to know how many outlets and circuits you'll need in order to safely operate your large appliances. In addition, you'll want to consider any smaller electrical devices such as toaster ovens, televisions and lighting fixtures.
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Coin & Ghost's "BAD HAMLET"
Directed by Rob Adler
Preview: 7/25
Performances: 7/26-8/24
Thurs – Sat, 8pm
At New American Theatre
1312 N. Wilton Pl.
Coin & Ghost, LA's theatrical home for remixed mythology, launches into their second season with BAD HAMLET — an irreverent, interactive, and inventive play that places Shakespeare's masterpiece directly up against the many interpretations of it, whether accurate, misremembered, or re-invented entirely.
Based on the legend of "the bad quarto" — the unbelievable-but-true story of how the first published version of Hamlet was bootlegged, stolen and recreated from memory by one of Shakespeare's original actors — BAD HAMLET will be a unique, unpredictable, and extraordinary theatrical event that explores the intersection of Shakespeare, memory, and modern technology.
PAY-WHAT-YOU-CAN NIGHTS:
Ticket price should never be the reason you can't see a show you're excited about. That's why we're proud to announce that for BAD HAMLET, we will be offering more Pay-What-You-Can nights than ever before — our Preview (7/25) as well as EVERY TICKET during the second and third weekends our run (8/1-8/10)!
Please give what you can — it allows us to offer these tickets to underserved but well-deserving members of our community!
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text:
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            $inputFilter = new InputFilter();
            $factory = new InputFactory();

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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cult hero of gaming returns with Mr Biffo's Found Footage
Goujon John in his Goujultation Zone
Peter Ormerod
Published: 08:19 Friday 20 October 2017
Peter Ormerod investigates the bizarre, troubling and extremely funny world of Found Footage
Goujon John stands in his Goujultation Zone. Like many characters who appear on Mr Biffo's Found Footage, he's a slick, troubling and troubled American salesman. He's all about the goujons, of course; we know not quite of what they are made, other than that they come from the "silvery bird". He stands in his 16-bit computer graphic domain in flickering and distorted form, dispensing goujon-related advice to assorted lost souls, who often turn out to be fairly successful comedians or musicians (most recently, it was him out of indie favourites Public Service Broadcasting). And that's probably the most conventional bit of Mr Biffo's Found Footage, which distressingly comes to its conclusion this weekend.
Iain Lee as Kenny Masters
Found Footage is a series on YouTube which is notable for countless reasons. First, there's the ingenious conceit: it purportedly represents the contents of VHS tapes discovered at a car boot sale. It thus takes the form of a melange of apparently random snippets, all rendered in that fuggy style of old videos, with static and subliminal images often intruding. There are bits of TV programmes: Do You Remember When?, for example, prods at the lazy nostalgia of our times, while the guests on BurdTalk disagree furiously about whether the programme exists to praise or chastise our avian brethren. There are sort-of public information films: Simon Bates, a raucous American, explains the film certification system ("PG stands for Private Garden"; "18 is short for 1898") in abrasive tones. Then there are the adverts for such delights as Wasp Bells, an adult chat line called Mime Talk and a "sturdy boy" called Wet Pepe who makes everything soggy. There are songs: one is about Sir Clive Sinclair, another about Elon Musk. There are appearances from the disturbing duo of Kenny and Yuri Masters (starring Iain Lee, formerly of Channel 4's The 11 O'Clock Show, now one of Britain's most engaging and original broadcasters). There are recordings of a Geordie man mumbling while playing old-school video games, which tend to degenerate into worrying adventures in scatology. And there is a curious air of threat throughout, more of which in a bit.
None of this will surprise anyone familiar with the work of its creator. Found Footage has come from the mind - and possibly other organs - of Paul Rose, who, in the guise of Mr Biffo, was responsible for Teletext's long-lamented video games section, Digitiser. Seemingly inhabiting an entirely different dimension from anything else served up on teletext, Digitiser revelled in subversive surrealism and barely disguised profanity, its own array of characters including The Rapping Shoe, Mr T (don't mess with his bins) and The Man With A Long Chin. Rose's career since teletext died at the hands of digital TV has been similarly replete with baffling non sequiturs, covering everything from possibly the oddest TV pilot ever made (Biffovision, set in the world of 1980s Saturday morning children's television) to possibly the worst film ever made (Pudsey the Dog: The Movie, for which he wrote at least some of the script), via Bafta nominations as the co-creator of CBBC shows 4 O'Clock Club and Dani's House. Throughout all this, he's gained the support of Charlie Brooker, who donated towards the making of Found Footage and is credited as executive producer. Alex Garland, writer of The Beach and Ex Machina, is another admirer.
But maybe it all makes more sense than first appears. It's become clear over the past few weeks that the 20-odd-minute episodes of Found Footage have actually been building to a conclusion; these seemingly disparate parts actually have some meaning. The final episode, which goes online at 9pm on Sunday, is described as "tense, atmospheric, sci-action movie". It's as if John Carpenter at his most ambitious has been directing Reeves & Mortimer at their darkest.
"I got sick of the development process in film and TV," says Rose. "I've worked on so many projects – including a BBC One sitcom pilot with Dylan Moran and Maxine Peake – which nearly got made, that my heart just wasn't in it anymore.
Simon Bates defines (and redefines) film certificates
"I was worn down from making compromises to create stuff that was more palatable and commercial, and it wasn't having an impact on its chance of success, so I decided to do something for me."
Handily for the rest of us, Rose was able to find enough backers who wanted to see what he could come up with to raise funds for a nine-part comedy series.
"Even then, my ambitions went through the roof," he says. "It was my first time directing, and I really wanted to reward the backers and prove what I was capable of, so I kept thinking bigger and bigger."
For one thing, Found Footage proves that all the money in the world is no substitute for an imagination like Rose's. And with sequences including a fast-paced speedboat chase, and two days filming in an abandoned nuclear bunker, complete with action sequences, special effects and prosthetics, it demonstrates what can be achieved with good will, hard work and an undiluted conviction.
"It isn't for everyone ," says Rose, who really needs to put those words in vast bold type. "It's weird in a late night, Adult Swim, kind of way. But nobody in the UK is brave enough to make shows like this anymore. Found Footage has shown that there is an audience hungry enough for this kind of absurdist humour that you can make it happen without having to worry too much about ratings.
"I think I've created something that is completely original, extremely high quality, and – most importantly – done it without the backing of a TV channel or movie studio. Those who love it really seem to love it."
* Mr Biffo's Found Footage - which we repeat is certainly not for everyone and contains strong language and scenes some viewers may find disturbing, as well as extremely funny - can be watched here.


When a pharmaceutical manufacturer experiences a safety problem, negative impacts on profitability can spread to its competitors. Reduced consumer confidence, product recalls, and litigation are limited to the responsible manufacturer only if that manufacturer can be clearly linked to the safety problem. We analyze the impact of "accountability" for safety problems on manufacturer entry decisions and investments to mitigate risk. Consistent with prior research, we find investment levels increase with accountability in a duopoly market, and that accountability can thus enhance market viability and improve consumer welfare. However, we also analyze the impact of accountability on entry of a competitor, after the originator's exclusivity has expired. Accountability promotes the development of a robust market by raising expected profits, particularly for an entrant with a relatively low likelihood of a safety problem. Yet entry need not improve consumer welfare, and may benefit the incumbent in our model. In contrast to the traditional entry deterrence mechanism, when accountability is sufficiently low, increased incumbent investment encourages entry. Our analysis has important implications for biologic drugs, insofar as pathways for entry by "biosimilars" have been established in Europe and the United States, and informs pharmacovigilance and other accountability policies for biologics.
Akerlof, G. A. (1970). The market for "lemons": Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 488–500.
Allen, F. (1984). Reputation and product quality. The RAND Journal of Economics, 15(3), 311–327.
Anderson, S., De Palma, A., & Thisse, J. (1992). Discrete choice theory of product differentiation. New York: MIT press.
Bennett, D., & Yin, W. (2014). The market for high-quality medicine. No. w20091. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Berry, S., Levinsohn, J., & Pakes, A. (1995). Automobile prices in market equilibrium. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 63(4), 841–890.
Caplin, A., & Nalebuff, B. (1991). Aggregation and imperfect competition: On the existence of equilibrium. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 59(1), 25–59.
Chauhan, D., Towse, A., & Mestre-Ferrandiz, J. (2013). The market for biosimilars: Evolution and policy options. OHE briefing no. 45, Office of Health Economics, London. 2008.
Das, J., Holla, A., Mohpal, A., & Muralidharan, K. (2015). Quality and accountability in healthcare delivery: Audit-study evidence from primary care in India. No. w21405. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Ellison, G. & Ellison, S. F. (2007). Strategic entry deterrence and the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents prior to patent expiration. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Klein, B. & Leffler, K. B. (1981). The role of market forces in assuring contractual performance. The Journal of Political Economy, 89(4), 615–641.
Kolstad, C. D., Ulen, T. S., & Johnson, G. V. (1990). Ex post liability for harm vs. ex ante safety regulation: Substitutes or complements? The American Economic Review, 80(4), 888–901.
Lietzan, E., Sim, L. E. & Alexander, E. A. (2013). Biosimilar naming: How do adverse event reporting data support the need for distinct non-proprietary names for biosimilars? Food and Drug Policy Forum, 3(6).
Mcquade, T., Salant, S. W. & Winfree, J. (2010). Regulating an experience good in developing countries when consumers cannot identify producers. Forthcoming in review of development economics.
Pouliot, S. & Sumner, D. A. (2012). Traceability, recalls, industry reputation and product safety. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 43(5), jbs006.
Scott Morton, F. & Kyle, M. (2012) Markets for pharmaceutical products. Handbook of Health Economics, 2(12), 765.
Shapiro, C. (1982). Consumer information, product quality, and seller reputation. The Bell Journal of Economics, 13(1), 20–35.
Shapiro, C. (1983). Premiums for high quality products as returns to reputations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98(4), 659–679.
Siegal, J. P. (January 7 2014). RE: Citizen petition to food and drug administration from the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Generic enoxaparin questions and answers [Online]. US Department of Health & Human Services. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm220037.htm. Accessed 6 Nov 2014.


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Home | About Us | Why IES Abroad
At IES Abroad, we're proud to be different.
We can say that our academic standards are completely unmatched, our partnerships with more than 500 global universities and colleges speak to the quality of our programs, and our health and safety practices have set the standards for the entire field of study abroad. And all of that would be true.
But you know what really sets us apart? Our commitment to you.
As a not-for-profit study abroad and internship provider, you are our bottom line.
And in today's world, that's a pretty extraordinary thing.
Learn More About What Sets Us Apart
Not-for-Profit Organization
As a mission-driven, not-for-profit study abroad and internship provider our surplus revenue goes right back in to our programs, typically in the form of scholarships and aid. Why? Simply because we believe in doing the right thing. Ever since we were founded in 1950, we've been student-focused in everything we do—and that will never change.
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Through IES Abroad, IES Internships, Customized & Faculty-Led Programs, and the Study Abroad Foundation (SAF), we offer a wide range of international education programming. Learn more about what we do—from study abroad programs for college students to one-of-a-kind, customized experiences designed with college/university staff or faculty.
Life-Changing Programs All Over the World
From Santiago to Shanghai, we're proud to have programs all over the world and in a wide range of disciplines. Our programs offer courses at our Center, a local university, or both. Through a part-time or full-time internship, you can add global brilliance to your résumé while you're abroad.
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We're here to help you make the study abroad dream a reality. With scholarship and aid opportunities for everything from specific majors to specific need, we're proud to help you fund this adventure.
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We are proud to set the standard for health and safety in study abroad. Our Chicago-based and on-site staff are all highly trained and experienced in the matters of health, safety, and crisis management. We are here for you from predeparture to your return, and are ready to support you—wherever you are.
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Think of the IES Abroad Center as your campus or a local space in which you'll take classes, meet for community events, and study with friends. Our Centers are fully staffed with IES Abroad staff committed to helping you make the most of your study abroad experience—from academic support to student life activities.
In 2008, we launched our Initiative to Diversify Education Abroad (IDEA), the first of its kind in the study abroad industry. As part of our commitment to making study abroad accessible to under-represented students, we're proud to offer Diversity Scholarships, a comprehensive list of diversity resources, and personalized support from our Diversity team.
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Launched in 2014, the Study Abroad Film Festival highlights the one-of-a-kind adventures our students are having abroad, all through their own cinematic lens. No one knows the IES Abroad experience better than the students themselves.
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Our Academic Consortium is made up of 250+ leading U.S. colleges and universities who partner with us to send their students abroad. These institutions are actively involved in our mission, direction, and program development. In addition to our U.S. partners, our academic network expands to nearly 250 other universities around the world.
Achieving high standards of academic excellence requires the involvement and participation of our consortium schools, the Academic Department at our headquarters in Chicago, highly-skilled Center Directors around the world, and world-class university partners. Together, these groups make us the academic leader in study abroad.
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You have an individual Program Advisor to help you prepare for your study abroad adventure. Program Advisors are compassionate, travel savvy professionals who know the ins-and-outs of the IES Abroad program you've applied for. From visa requirements to travel details, our Program Advisors are your #1 resource for gearing up to study abroad.
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https://www.kqed.org/arts/13830080/mama-penny-bears-back-story-is-as-delightful-as-youd-expect
http://www.metroactive.com/arts/Ursa-Mater-Public-Art-Installation-San-Jose.html
https://kcbsradio.radio.com/blogs/matt-bigler/penny-bear-sculpture-san-jose-made-200000-coins
https://www.sfgate.com/news/bayarea/article/2-Art-Installations-Placed-Downtown-After-Removal-12766089.php
https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Mamma-Penny-Bear-Sculpture-in-Downtown-San-Jose-Made-With-Over-200000-Coins-477043833.html?_osource=SocialFlowTwt_BAYBrand
https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/03/14/pizarro-family-of-bears-made-with-200000-pennies-in-downtown-san-jose/


CeraGrowth When the solution was stuck to the hair, they would remove it pulling the Hair Care out by the root. This paved the way for modern waxing, and women have been removing hair in some form similar to waxing ever since.You will be glad to know that keratin hair straightening treatment is applicable for all types of hairs. If you have applied some chemical to your hair in the past, then you do not have to worry as this treatment will work on each type of hairs. Another benefit of this treatment is that it will easily fit into your budget. This whole process will only cause $250. The results will remain for almost four months. Beside this, it will not be affected by head, extra humidity, water, etc. Additional to all this, the treatment is also helpful in the regaining process of your lost hairs. As a result of this, you will get stronger and shining Silky Hairs.


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Home India Narendra Modi meets Indian PM first time after his re-election as state chief
Narendra Modi meets Indian PM first time after his re-election as state chief
STORY: Chief of India's western Gujarat state, Narendra Modi met Indian Prime Minister in New Delhi on Wednesday (February 06) for the first time after his re-election as the state chief for the fourth time.
Modi would address the students of Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC) as part of SRCC's Business Conclave 2013.
Modi avoids talk of higher office, but his popularity in the state, as well as with business and many in India's emerging urban middle class, is fueling speculation he will lead his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) against the ruling Congress in national elections to be held by 2014.
Modi, one of India's most popular and divisive politicians, was the star of his "Vibrant Gujarat Summit," which featured a parade of corporate heavyweights as well as foreign officials who extolled the business-friendly state and Modi's leadership even as they mostly kept clear of politics.
His record as a pro-business leader presiding over a state government that wins praise for efficient administration stands in contrast to the eight-year tenure of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's government, which has been stymied by fractious coalition partners and a string of corruption scandals.
While big business tends to hedge its bets by backing both the main national parties in elections, industry's support for Modi could prove a powerful source of fund-raising if he becomes the party's standard-bearer.
The black mark against Modi, 62, is the accusation by critics that he did not do enough to stop – or even quietly encouraged – religious riots in 2002 that killed as many as 2,000 people, most of them Muslims.
Modi, fresh from a resounding December win in state legislative elections for the BJP, sat mostly unsmiling during the fulsome adulation.
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Valentine's Day Photo Contest 2015
* Grand Prize: 2 Sharks tickets (valued at $300)
* First Prize: Roku box (valued at $90)
* First Runner Up: Dinner for 2 at Pedros Restaurant (valued at $75)
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* Honorable Mention: 2 movie tickets at AMC theatre (valued at $25)


I have been working on the treatment of diseases as a medical research scientist for most of my professional career. Although some of these treatments can be life-saving, it became clear to me through my work that the long-term solution to India's high burden of diseases and injuries is not focusing on treatment. Treatment can be expensive, and as we well know, most families do not have access to quality healthcare. Instead, I came to the conclusion that there needed to be a much bigger focus on prevention. And, even better, focusing on prevention through youth. By helping children develop healthy habits early on, they can continue these habits as they grow up as adults. Not only would this help with disease prevention, it would allow children to thrive and reach their full potential.
This realization brought me to the next step in my journey—imparting this information to children so that they can develop healthy habits. I discovered there was no formalized curriculum or structure for kids to learn about health in India—no required class, student books, or even teachers' manuals. While there may have been a chapter or two in a science or environmental studies textbook, there was no program that covered physical, mental and social health issues in a comprehensive school health program.
With this goal in mind, I began a non-profit organization in the US (indianhealthalliance.org) in 2009, and one in India (taranghealthalliance.org) in 2018. Our mission is to improve the health of India's children through comprehensive health education programs.
A key element of the program is to develop health education integrated with family engagement, daily physical activity, and school health services. We have developed health education standards and a comprehensive curriculum for India's youth—partially based on my professional experience—and intense educational research.
We partnered with Dr. J.S.Thakur, Professor in the School of Public Health at Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, who has been engaged in several school health projects there.
We also worked closely with the Department of Education and Department of Health in Chandigarh regarding our program and goals, and they have agreed to ensure at least 50 hours of Health Education instruction each academic year.
We are now in the midst of launching a two-year pilot program of our curriculum with 1,000 students in 20 schools in Chandigarh—10 private and 10 public. Last week, I arrived in Chandigarh to train 40 teachers from these 20 schools on how to become proficient in the instruction of the health education curriculum we have created.
The program will be assessed based on student knowledge from baseline to the end of the program, as well as improvement in their overall health behaviors. If our pilot program is successful, we will have succeeded in a major milestone towards making health education mandatory in all schools in Chandigarh for Grades 6-7.
We are also in the process of writing student workbooks and teachers' manuals for Grades 1-5 as well as Grades 8-12.
Our long-term goal is to make health education mandatory in all schools and at all grade levels in Chandigarh, and then to expand to other States and Union Territories in India.
It is often said that it takes a village to raise a child. By introducing health education in schools, we are giving villages the tools to raise healthy children. Together, working with India's school systems and state governments, we hope to empower children to take ownership of their health, and in the process, change the trajectory of India's future.
Rahul Mehra has had a long career in academia and the medical industry, where he worked on the treatment of disease, including the management of heart disorders, such as sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation. He holds over 75 patents for various medical devices. After retiring 10 years ago, he started Indian Health Alliance in the US in 2009 and Tarang Health Alliance in India in 2018. Rahul received his B.Tech from IIT, Kharagpur, and his PhD in Biomedical Engineering in the US.


Stormy Hill Harley-Davidson is excited to announce that we are a participating Harley-Davidson Authorized LiveWire™ Dealer and are now accepting pre-orders for the 2020 Harley-Davidson Livewire™. We see electric motorcycles as a crucial part in expanding the sport of motorcycling, and as an exhilarating and new way to experience two-wheels. We will be accommodating the LiveWire™ with DC Fast Chargers on-site, premier service, and staff expertise in order to accommodate questions, community, and customers.
To Pre-Order a 2020 LiveWire™, visit us at Stormy Hill Harley-Davidson or pre-order online at H-D.com/Livewire. Motorcycle deliveries are estimated to begin this Fall. Pre-orders do not guarantee a motorcycle but do reserve an allotted model.
AMAZING ACCELERATION: From 0 to 60 mph in 3.0 seconds and 60-80 in 1.9 seconds.
PERFORMANCE AND RANGE-OPTIMIZED FOR THE URBAN STREET-RIDER: The high-voltage battery provides 140 miles (225 km) of city range or 88 miles (142 km) of combined stop-and-go and highway range as measured using the MIC City and MIC Combined (70 mph) tests. Standard DC Fast Charge technology, which provides a 0-80% of battery charge in 40 minutes or 0-100% in 60 minutes.
HANDLING AND CONTROL: The LiveWire™ model is equipped with an Electronic Chassis Control (ECC) system that utilizes the cornering enhanced Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Traction Control System (TCS) and Drag-Torque Slip Control System (DSCS) to monitor and manage front and rear brake torque as well as motor torque to the rear wheel to enhance rider control and balance vehicle performance across diverse riding environments. The system is fully electronic and utilizes the latest six-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU) and ABS sensor technology. The separate functions of ECC work together to give the rider more confidence and control in less than-ideal situations.


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My Vietnam Story and Service in the United States Marines
"My Vietnam Story" is an impressive account of one man's experiences and accomplishments during the Vietnam War. It details many battles, conflicts, missions, and patrols during a 13 month period of 1968 and 1969 at a time when the Vietnam conflict was in full scale force.
This year of 2019 is the fiftieth anniversary of one of the most memorable and well-known battles during the conflict in Vietnam. For the purpose of My Vietnam Story, it has been named The Memorial Day Battle of 1969. Donald's platoon had strategically planned their pursuit for the expected conflict, then surprisingly the mission turned into a major battle with over 250 North Vietnamese Army soldiers and 12 Viet Cong compared to his 42 man platoon. Although there were many losses of comrades, the platoon defeated the enemy forces and the mission was a success.
This book includes stories of many other battles and missions, also other experiences of interest concerning the daily struggles of the troops while serving our country. It includes personal facts and observations of the people caught up in the ravages of war. The successes and accomplishments are acknowledged, the sadness of war is told with deep feelings, and gratitude is expressed for the troops who survived the conflict. Compassion will forever be felt for those whose lives were lost during the devastation of war.
--Donald Jack Wright


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Gladbach sorted from: Three more stars should be possible
ByMark A
Jan 18, 2022 Adi Hütter, Borussia, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Bundesliga club, center-back Matthias, Ginter, Gladbach star, Matthias, Matthias Ginter, Sports, Zoff
The New York Jets (in Spanish, Jets of New York) are an expert American football team from the USA based in the City of New York. They contend in the East Division of the American Conference (AFC) of the National Football League (NFL) and challenge their meetings as premises at the MetLife Arena, situated in the city of East Rutherford, New Jersey.
The group was established in 1959 as the Titans of New York, an original member of the American Football League (AFL); Later on, the franchise signed up with the NFL in the AFL-NFL combination in 1970. The Jets advanced to the qualifiers or playoffs for the initial time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III, where They defeated the Baltimore Colts, becoming the initial AFL group to defeat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL Globe Champion Video Game. Considering that 1968, the Jets have come thirteen times to the qualifiers, and also four times at the end of the AFC Champion, being the most recent versus the New England Patriots in 2009 and Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010.
The group training facility, Atlantic Health Jets Training Center opened its doors in 2008 as well as lies in Flora Park (New Jersey). The group accomplishes its yearly training school.
Playback star at BVB and FC Bayern in conversation
Writer from Marco Rose outside
After the Off around center-back Matthias Winter, the unrest at Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach does not end. Because three more foal stars should go — if possible until 31st January.
In the past week, Matthias Winter had announced not to extend his contract in Playback in the summer of 2022. The foals responded and obliged Marvin Friedrich from the League Competitor 1. FC Union Berlin.
Winter, on the other hand, had to take place in the first match after his announcement on the bank and pursued the 1: 2 defeat of Russia against Bayer Leverkusen from there. Trainer ADI Hunter degraded the national player to the internal antigen number five.
But that's not enough, tranquility does not seem to return to the Lower Rhine for the time being. Because the Gladbachers want to get rid of three more stars, according to picture, and still in this transfer period.
One of the three actors is Denis Bavaria. The clearer also refuses to extend his contract with the foals and stood — unlike Matthias Winter — against the Herself not even in the squad.
Actually, the Swiss is a drawing son and favorite player from ADI Hunter, both known from Bavaria's youth times at the Young Boys Bern. Nevertheless, the 25-year-old decided not to extend his contract.
Most recently, the national player was also associated with Borussia Dortmund and FC Bayern, but it was more of a change in summer, where a transfer to BVB is from the table according to WAS. Hot candidate on a winter change is the English top Club Manchester United. According to Zoff1, the Team of Ralf Rang nick should have led good discussions with the Bavaria side.
Another Playback star standing on the siding is Marcus Thu ram. Already in the preseason, a change to the Italian master Inter Milan was practically perfect, before a violation eventually prevented it.
According to his consultant Minor Rail, the Frenchman is desirable throughout Europe and does not see his future at Russia. At the latest in summer, the son of France legend Lilian Thu ram wants to leave the foals. If, however, an adequate offer come in, his departure is decided according to picture.
And Hannes Wolf is also on the right list of Manager Max Ebert. The Austrian was the wish player of the then Playback and today's BVB coach Marco Rose. He could not prevail for 9.5 million euros on the midfielder of RB Leipzig, but he could not prevail. Wolf was no longer in the squad against Leverkusen and came in nine games in a row in a row.
Eagle says "bad consultants" and "greed" the fight
BVB: FC Barcelona apparently takes two alternatives for Erling Haalands visor
By Mark A


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<?php

namespace Magento\Setup\Test\Unit\Console\Command;

use Magento\Framework\Module\ModuleList;
use Magento\Setup\Console\Command\DbSchemaUpgradeCommand;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Tester\CommandTester;

class DbSchemaUpgradeCommandTest extends DbDataUpgradeCommandTest
{
    public function testExecute()
    {
        $this->deploymentConfig->expects($this->once())->method('isAvailable')->will($this->returnValue(true));
        $installer = $this->getMock('Magento\Setup\Model\Installer', [], [], '', false);
        $this->installerFactory->expects($this->once())->method('create')->will($this->returnValue($installer));
        $installer->expects($this->once())->method('installSchema');

        $commandTester = new CommandTester(
            new DbSchemaUpgradeCommand($this->installerFactory, $this->deploymentConfig)
        );
        $commandTester->execute([]);
    }

    public function testExecuteNoConfig()
    {
        $this->deploymentConfig->expects($this->once())->method('isAvailable')->will($this->returnValue(false));
        $this->installerFactory->expects($this->never())->method('create');

        $commandTester = new CommandTester(
            new DbSchemaUpgradeCommand($this->installerFactory, $this->deploymentConfig)
        );
        $commandTester->execute([]);
        $this->assertStringMatchesFormat(
            'No information is available: the Magento application is not installed.%w',
            $commandTester->getDisplay()
        );
    }
}


Action Figure Insider » Saturday 5/5 Is Free Comic Book Day 2018!
Saturday 5/5 Is Free Comic Book Day 2018!
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See All 50 Free Comic Book Day Comics!
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The majority of these choices are going to be light-weight and easy to obtain established. Many studio owners or tenants do not have a great deal of time to squander fussing with their equipment. Most of stands, even the ones without clutches, will be easy to position and can be adapted to any entertainer's needs.
Another general rule, if you more than happy with a specific trademark name already, my recommendation is to persevere. You'll most likely be more satisfied in the long run.
Next, utilize your press package, and approach the venues where you would like to play. Start with a location where you live, than broaden the location, depending upon how far you want to travel.
Beat software application for the many part is extremely simple to use. It is very efficient, and tracks can be produced reasonably rapidly. It is like having a complete hip hop artists in Hollywood right on your computer. You can edit, include noises, bass lines, hi hats, and everything you desire in you track with only a mouse and keyboard.
Most recording studios are mainly concentrated on quality of music and not large income rather than tape labels who take a look at the concern, "What does it cost? can we scamper of this record?". Small recording studios like DJ Ritchie Studios in Ostrander, OH are typically equipped to produce the same quality of music as large studios that charge one hundred dollars per hour for artists to tape. Nevertheless, many improvements can be made.
Note: Sure.there's constantly 'high-end', 'cutting edge' house recording technology offered to pick from, though that's not the thrust of the short article. So let's first understand that it's not made complex to purchase the home recording devices anymore. Not just is existing gear a lot more available but, frankly, there's lots of exceptional quality used recording devices readily available on the market too.
From 1977 to 1979, Aerosmith put out the 'Fix a limit' and 'Live! Bootleg' albums. Neither garnered much industrial success for the band though. Whether it was the drugs or the tension between Joe Perry and Steven Tyler, things were bad in the Aerosmith camp. After taping the studio album entitled, 'Night In The Ruts', Perry left the band to begin the Joe Perry Job. Perry was replaced and the band set out on a trip to promote the brand-new album.
Having the capability to arrange your house tape-recording studio time with your individual bio-rhythms on a regular basis involves your performing better.creating a better finished creation. When you're at the grace of an employed recording studio, you in a lot of cases can't do that.


The Strategic System Snapshot is based on The Strategic System—our vision for how school systems can transform resources (people, time, and money) to enable every school to prepare every child for tomorrow. The Strategic System is an evolution of our School System 20/20 vision for school systems. The overview document below explores the goals and real examples of its impact of The Strategic System framework.


Prestige of the University of Los Angeles You will study at an internationally prestigious university.
UCLA Extension Certificate Programs are equivalent to a Spanish postgraduate degree.
Teaching methodology You will take professionalising academic programmes that will complement your knowledge.
In-company work placement: You will do curricular work placements during your studies in Los Angeles.
International outlook You will be able to work for a year anywhere in the United States thanks to your Optional Practical Training (OPT) Visa.
Networking: You will acquire contacts among professionals in your field which will help you join the labour market in the United States.
The prestigious UCLA University in Los Angeles is offering you the opportunity to complement your Bachelor's degree in Business Administration and Management (ADE) with a specialisation programme, equivalent to a Spanish postgraduate degree. Once you have completed your degree studies at UIC Barcelona you will be able to take one of the following three programmes at this North American university: Project Management, Marketing, or International Trade and Commerce. Also, many of these include the opportunity to undertake curricular work placements while you are studying in the United States.


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Home BIG STORY Bid to Vilify Former President of AMU Student Union Contesting Election in...
SHAHEEN NAZAR
Bid to Vilify Former President of AMU Student Union Contesting Election in Bihar
Former president of Aligarh Muslim University Students Union Mashkoor Usmani.
Giriraj Singh falsely links Mashkoor Usmani with Jinnah portrait controversy while ignoring Malegaon terror accused joining JD (U) in UP
Shaheen Nazar | Clarion India
UNION Minister Giriraj Singh has criticised the Congress Party for fielding Mashkoor Usmani from the Jale Assembly constituency in Bihar's Darbhanga district. Usmani is former president of Aligarh Muslim University Students Union. He is alleged, though falsely, to have put up a portrait of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in the union's office during his tenure in 2018.
Singh, a foul-mouthed politician known for raising the Pakistan bogey every now and then, has asked the RJD-led Grand Alliance, of which the Congress is a part, if it supports the ideology of the founder of Pakistan. The Congress has rejected Singh's claim as an attempt by the Bharatiya Janata Party "to digress from the core issue of development".
The Union minister is silent about another significant news involving a terror accused who has joined Janata Dal (United), a constituent of his BJP-led National Democratic Alliance. Ramesh Upadhyay, an accused in the 2008 Malegaon bomb blast case, has been inducted into the JD (U) in neighbouring Uttar Pradesh. He has also been appointed 'state convener' of the party's ex-servicemen cell.
The party has made this inclusion so formal that, according to The Indian Express, the state unit president of JD (U) Anoop Singh Patel issued an 'appointment letter' to the terror accused.
Upadhyay, a retired major of Indian Army, had been arrested along with Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur and Lt Col Prasad Shrikant Purohit by the Maharashtra ATS for his alleged role in the 2008 Malegaon blast case. He was, however, released on bail in 2017. Trial in the case is still continuing before a special NIA court in Mumbai. He had unsuccessfully contested 2019 parliamentary elections and 2012 UP Assembly polls.
Upadhyay is the founder of Abhinav Bharat, a far-right Hindu organisation alleged to be behind several terrorist attacks, including the 2008 Malegaon blast. While it is to be seen how the Congress and its alliance partners raise this issue in the poll-bound Bihar, the BJP is unlikely to take this issue with Chief Minister Nitish Kumar who is also the national president of JD (U).
Apparently, Giriraj singh, who is so concerned about the nation's security, is not bothered by a terror accused joining BJP's alliance partner. However, he–as well as others in his party–has chosen to make a false case against a youth leader.
Usmani, who hails from Darbhanga, had been booked under sedition charges in 2019 by the Civil Lines Police Station, Aligarh, for allegedly raising anti-national slogans. The charges were dropped after the police found that Usmani was in Delhi at the time of the incident.
In 2018, the issue of the Jinnah portrait was raked up when armed activists from UP Chief Minister Adityanath Yogi's Hindu Yuva Vahini descended on the AMU campus with alleged police support to demand that the portrait be taken down. When this happened, former Vice President Hamid Ansari was visiting the campus. Scores of students were injured in the violence.
It was then disclosed that the portrait was there since 1938 when Jinnah, as founder member of the AMU Court, was granted life membership of its students' union. The union office adorns portraits of several leaders of freedom movement days such as Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. The AMU administration had then defended the portrait and reminded the detractors that Jinnah portraits were also hanging in the Bombay High Court and the Sabarmati Ashram of Mahatma Gandhi.
Mashkoor Usmani, student union president in 2018, had no role to play in displaying the portrait. Still the BJP and various outfits of the Sangh Parivar have been repeating this lie and giving the impression that the Jinnah portrait at AMU is something new and Usmani is responsible for this.
As usual, the media once again is playing its role in demonising a Muslim leader. Aaj Tak, which last fortnight was fined by regulatory body NBSA for misreporting in actor Sushant Singh Rajput case, ran a prime-time show on this lie. The channel's anchor Rohit Sardana in his daily show 'Dangal' invited several panelists to discuss 'Jinnah sympathiser' Usmani. The panelists, including BJP spokesperson Sambit Patra, put all the blame of the Jinnah portrait on Usmani and claimed that, by fielding him, the Congress was trying to gain votes by 'selling Jinnah'.
Fact-checking website Alt News dug into the media reports of the 2018 controversy and historical fact to debunk the claims made on Aaj Tak. Alt News also talked to Usmani who said the narrative being peddled in the media, that he installed Jinnah's portrait, was false propaganda.
"I'd like to clearly and boldly state that I do not hold any views that support Jinnah in any aspect. The movement that had followed in AMU in 2018 had been on different issues and the corrupt ways of the media focused to highlight a portrait hanging in the Union Hall to disrupt the movement and damage the name of the institution and mine as the leader of the students' union at the time."
Besides Giriraj Singh and the state leadership of the BJP, there is also a case of heart-burn at the local level. Former Railway Minister Lalit Narayan Mishra's grandson Rishi Mishra was also an aspirant for the Congress ticket from the Jale constituency. But the party leadership decided in favour of Usmani. Mishra gave vent to his anger through a tweet branding Usmani "anti-national and Jinnah worshipper". He even claimed that Usmani had the Pakistan founder's photo in his office.
Usmani has rejected charges against him through a video message uploaded on his Facebook post. In the video, he has warned media outlets against indulging in falsehoods lest they faced a court notice. Usmani has also sent a letter to the Election Commission drawing its attention to the lies being spread by his opponents. He has urged the poll panel to ensure security for him as he finds himself vulnerable to the hateful campaign being led against him.
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Meerut Police Yet to Take Action against Swami Anand Swroop for Abusing Islam


Mr Leighton told The Yorkshire Post that the Co-op is opening 10 new stores in Yorkshire and using more local suppliers as it bids to win a larger share of the fiercely competitive grocery market.
Mr Leighton, who also served as Leeds-based Asda's chief executive from 1996 to 2000, said the success of Momentum in the Labour Party and the election of the French President Emmanuel Macron show that popular movements have become significant. He said the Co-op's plans were being built around the principles that guided the Rochdale Pioneers, who opened the first co-operative store in 1844.
Apart from opening 10 new food stores, the Co-op is carrying out extensions and upgrades at a further 11 sites in Yorkshire as part of a £15m store investment programme during 2018. The planned new stores include sites in York, Harrogate and Northowram.
He said the Co-op dividend had been created to ensure women had cash to spend.
Mr Leighton added: "This was a real movement. And movements now are significant. Look at France, with Macron, that is a movement, Momentum, in Labour, that is a movement.
Mr Leighton became the Co-operative Group's chairman in 2015. He joined after a torrid period for the mutual, which was brought to its knees by a series of blunders, including the takeover of Britannia building society in 2009, an ill-fated move that resulted in it losing control of its banking arm.
Mr Leighton said the Co-op operated in a different way from PLCs because it is owned by its members.
He said the mutual had to operate commercially, but it was also committed to Fair Trade and hiring large numbers of apprentices. It had also implemented policies to help victims of modern slavery.
Mr Leighton said the Co-op had conducted research in a bid to find out the attitudes and aspirations of young people.
The research concluded that many young people do not trust politicians and fear they may never be able to afford a house.
However, they wanted to have some fun, take risks and be part of something, Mr Leighton said.
He added: "The Co-op gives people the opportunity to be part of something. My dad was a Co-op manager. I was brought up in the Co-op when it was a real Co-op. We've just gone back to what the Co-op used to be about.
"But we're executing with modernity. We're doing what the Rochdale Pioneers did, who everybody thinks were old blokes in their seventies.
"They were actually 32-year-old entrepreneurs. We are just trying to replicate what they did and do what the Co-op used to do. If you go around most of the stores around here there are local suppliers in the mix. That's really important.
"We're just in the position of acquiring Nisa, we've done a wholesale deal with Costcutter. Yorkshire is a really important region for us.
Apart from the new store openings, improvements are planned for the Co-op's petrol filling stations in Ingleton and Mytholmroyd and, extensions or improvements are scheduled for existing stores including those in Thirsk, Helmsley and Sheffield.
The Co-op's expansion in Yorkshire forms part of the retailer's UK-wide plans to open around 100 new stores in 2018.
Mr Leighton is probably best known for his work at Asda, the supermarket he and Archie Norman raised from the dead and turned into the fastest growing business in the sector.
Yorkshireman Roger Burnley took on the CEO's role at Asda in January. Asda is seeing a return to growth after several tough years.
Mr Leighton said: "I think you will see Asda re-positioning itself to where it was. Roger Burnley was with us when we were there so he knows the model.
John McNeill, the Co-op's divisional managing director, said: "The Co-op is positively responding to the changes occurring within this dynamic sector.
"We have the ambition for our stores to be at the heart of local life, bringing communities together and offering our members and customers great quality products when and where they need them.
"We're delighted to be making such a significant investment in the region again in 2018, investing in our people, stores, products, prices and communities with over 20 new or improved stores this year.
Bob Gammie, the Dean of York Business School, added: "Allan shares our ethos of encouraging students to create new business ideas and challenge the business landscape and we were delighted to welcome him to the launch of York Business School.
The new business school at York St John University aims to nurture a new generation of leaders.
The newly appointed dean of the school, Dr Bob Gammie was joined by Allan Leighton, the chairman of the Co-operative Group, to officially launch the school.
Retail turnaround specialist Mr Leighton shared his experience of leading organisations through significant change with an audience of York St John staff, students and representatives from companies and organisations from across Yorkshire . Jon Hammond Booth, the former BBC presenter and Governor of York St John hosted the Q&A session with Mr Leighton.