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From These Strains: The Polish of Fall River
Published by nbhistory on October 30, 2017 October 30, 2017
This week we have chosen to feature a series of essays published in Spinner People and Culture in Southeastern Massachusetts Volume IV. These essays, which deal with ethnic surveys of various groups in southeastern Massachusetts, were originally produced as part of the Federal Writers Project, one of the programs that made up the WPA (Works Progress Administration).
To read more from the Federal Writers' Project and to learn about other WPA projects in Southeastern Massachusetts check out Spinner IV, available on iBooks.
From These Strains
The Polish of Fall River
Kuras' Variety Store at Rodman and Tecumseh Streets, was a longtime establishment in the Polish neighborhood. The 1920 photograph shows Albert Kuras with his son, John, and daughter, Louise, posing in front of his tenement storefront. Courtesy of Al Cartier, Louise's son.
To avoid giving mortal offense to the most vigorous exalters of Polish nationality and inviting stern rebuke therefore, one must not address them or write of them as "Polanders." It is held to be a term of belittlement, being like 'harp" to the Irish and "dago" to the Italians, though applied promiscuously without intended offensiveness. Authoritative information about the harmful signification of the term has lacked publicity hereabouts. To escape rebuke one needs to be told that only "Polacks," "Poles" and "Polish people" are appellations that provoke no rancor and guarantee courteous treatment of a request for Polish favor.
The writer, after long years of innocent employment of the misnomer, leaned in dismay that, in his blissful state of ignorance, he had incurred the penalty for unwisdom when he presented his credentials to a Pole and asked for information about "Polanders." A whirlwind of wrath was stirred and an awesome demand made for an explanation. The plea of common usage of "Polander" was not received as a palliative, for it resulted in the dogmatic and angry comment that American education in European affairs was of a low standard and sadly needed elevating.
Stanley Kania, holding a license for a package store at 276 Fourth Street, in a neighborhood which houses few Poles, was the irate mentor and valorous champion of pure and undefiled characterization of the Polish race without muddling. Under the cooling influence of liberal ordering of canned and bottled goods by customers, the fierceness disappeared from the Kania demeanor and a short bit of autobiography was unfolded for the caller's benefit, without, however, healing the temperamental wound unwittingly inflicted and since reprehended by others who have been interviewed in the quest for Polish data.
In calling attention to a long scar on the forehead, just above the eyes, the spokesman said that just before he had reached his fourth birthday, a vicious Cossack of the Czar's army, which was persecuting mercilessly the people of Poland, then under Russian dominance, slashed him with a saber, while he was playing on a street. It was only through providence that the weapon did not halve his skull. For six months the victim of the murderous assault lay in the hospital.
Excepting the two years he lived in Detroit, where a younger brother occupied an educational post, which pays $6,000 a year, Mr. Kania has lived in Fall River about forty years. He has just been chosen financial secretary of the Thaddeus Kosciusko Polish American Citizens Club, is an official of a wholesale grocery company and was represented to the offending inquirer as the one Pole who was the best informed national to be interviewed about Polish activities. Evidently he believes that the unreported praise is his deserving without the right of anyone to demur or to accord to others equal amplitude of historical knowledge.
Before Mr. Kania exuded his indignation, he went to a desk and brought out a large bundle of manuscript. It contained, he remarked, a history of the Polish colony in this city, comprising 7,000 persons, most of whom were American-born. So much time had been given by him to its preparation that through the date he had been able to collect, Mr. Kania, as the historian, boasted of his ability to name the first Poles to settle here, the first to be born and to die and to detail unerringly the salient facts in the lives of most of the early settlers and their relations.
After having gone to the trouble of getting personal histories and transcribing them, it was not his purpose to yield the opportunity to publish a historical work on the people of his nation just to serve the ends of promoters of the Writers' Project under the auspices of the W.P.A. No words served to disabuse his mind of the competitive idea, which he appeared to entertain as though it had assumed the form of an obsession, of the possible loss of the glamour attaching to his role as a writer.
Edward Everett considered to be "a singular coincidence of events that our country was constituted the great asylum of suffering virtue and oppressed humanity." The people of Ireland so regarded it in their struggles against British rule and so sought relief by hundreds of thousands. Poland's story is more heartrending, not that there was greater solidarity, but that the soldiery of the oppressors were more ruthless in executing the governmental policy toward the unfortunate patriots, who remained adamant in devotion to their national ideal and refused to dissemble in order to escape brutality. "The whirlwind of the ukases and manifestoes of the Czars, the hurricanes of the wrongs heaped upon Poland by the Prussians, the maelstrom of Austria's insidious politics," another orator declared, "have endeavored to sap the national life in Poland, and nobody has endeavored to interpose, inasmuch as she has been guarded on the one side by the Russian policeman and on the other by the Prussian gendarme."
In spite of that anomalous situation and the open roadway to freedom that ended on American soil, the Poles were singularly slow in seeking the asylum, judging by the local figures on population. Their country was not restored to its original status as an independent nation until the end of the Great War. In the meantime they endured torture. In the hope of freedom they fought valiantly on the side of the allied forces. In the last twenty years the stream of immigration has been dammed up so that Fall River has received few of the 2,000 who have been allowed to enter annually.
Standard Pharmacy on East Main Street was started by William Kuczyuski in 1918. This 1931 photograph shows Stanley Nowak (left) and his brother-in-law, Mr. Kuczyuski. Today, Standard Pharmacy is still family-operated. Mr. Nowak shares the responsibility with his son-in-law, Joseph Rebello. Courtesy of Stanley Nowak.
Louis Smolinksy, who died on December 18th, was said to have been the oldest pole in point of age and also in length of resident, having come in 1880, but in registering for an old age pension, Anthony Gosciominski gave 1872 as the year of his arrival. The first to land did not go far from the dock of the Fall River Line, finding tenements on Brady, Summer, Spring and Washington Streets, like others who preceded them from abroad.
Poland was not the chief source of the local supply. New Jersey contributed from its hat-making and textile communities and Chicopee attracted a number before Fall River was decided on over Hampden County. Some of the people found work at hat-making in the Marshall factory on Globe Street.
Whatever might have been the number of Poles which the tide brought here, after it had turned in this direction, the movement was in progress for years before the pastor of St. Mary's Church, in which a priest of the race ministered to them, recommended the erection of a church for Polish Catholics. In 1898 the dedication of the Saint Stanislaus building on Rockland Street took place. Rev. Hugh Dyla is pastor.
With the creation of a Polish settlement in the territory bounded by Plymouth Avenue and Rodman Streets, another house of worship was deemed necessary. It was called the Church of the Holy Cross. In competition for Polish spirituality, the head of the National Polish Church, who has his headquarters in Scranton, Pennsylvania, made provision for the dissident element of the nationality. Two churches were created. In one, which is near the Roman Catholic edifice, Latis is used in the services; in the other that idiom is discarded for Polish. The tie of nationality is too strong to be weakened by the difference about rubric, one is told upon inquiry.
[Top Banner Image: Kuras' Variety Store at Rodman and Tecumseh Streets, was a longtime establishment in the Polish neighborhood. The 1920 photograph show Albert Kuras with his son, John, and daughter, Louise, posing inside of his tenement storefront. Courtesy of Al Cartier, Louise's son.]
Tags: Fall River HistoryFederal Writers ProjectFWPLocal HistoryMassachusetts HistoryNew DealSpinner IVWPA


TEHRAN, Jul. 19 (MNA) – Iranian military technical experts at Shahid Babaei Airbase in Isfahan Province have overhauled an American-made F-14 tomcat.
The experts and technical staff at Shahid Babaei Airbase, located in central Province of Isfahan, have successfully overhauled a grounded US made F-14 tomcat.
The achievement was gained through 35,000 man-hours of constant efforts by Shahid Babaei Airbase military technical experts.
The successfully-overhauled warplane rejoined the Iranian Army air corps after a final test.


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Home » Net Zero
UK must commit to new greenhouse gas removal technology, says NIC
National Infrastructure Commission
The UK government must commit to the wide-scale deployment of new greenhouse gas removal technologies by 2030 in order to meet its climate change obligations, according to a new report by the National Infrastructure Commission.
The report sets out how the engineered removal and storage of carbon dioxide offers the most realistic way to mitigate the final slice of emissions expected to remain by the 2040's from sources that don't currently have a decarbonisation solution, like aviation and agriculture.
Given the scale of removals likely to be needed, these technologies would represent a whole new infrastructure sector that could reach revenues matching that of the UK's water sector by 2050.
The removal technologies explored by the NIC fit into two categories: extracting carbon dioxide directly out of the air; and bioenergy with carbon capture technology – processing biomass to recapture carbon dioxide absorbed as the fuel grew. In both cases the captured carbon dioxide is then stored permanently out of the atmosphere, typically under the seabed.
The commission stresses that the potential of these technologies is "not an excuse to delay necessary action elsewhere" and cannot replace efforts to reduce emissions from sectors like road transport or power, where removals would be a more expensive alternative.
The critical role these technologies will play in meeting climate targets means government must rapidly kick start the sector so that it becomes viable by the 2030s, according to the report, which was commissioned by government in November 2020.
The report notes that early movement by the UK to develop the expertise and capacity in greenhouse gas removal technologies could create a comparative advantage, with the prospect of other countries needing to procure the knowledge and skills the UK develops.
The commission recommends that government should support the development of this new sector in the short term with policies that drive delivery of these technologies and create demand through obligations on polluting industries, which will over time enable a competitive market to develop. Robust independent regulation must also be put in place from the start to help build public and investor confidence.
The commission's analysis suggests engineered removals technologies need to have capacity to remove five to ten megatonnes of carbon dioxide no later than 2030, and between 40 and 100 megatonnes by 2050. With costs ranging between £100 and £400m per megatonne of carbon dioxide removed, this market could see revenues reach £2bn a year by 2030.
While the burden of these costs could be shared by different parts of industries required to pay for removals or in part shared with government, the report acknowledges that, over the longer term, the aim should be to have polluting sectors pay for removals they need to reach carbon targets. The report acknowledges that polluting industries are likely to pass a proportion of the costs onto consumers. While those with bigger household expenditures will pay more than those on lower incomes, the report underlines that government will need to identify ways of protecting vulnerable consumers and to decide where in relevant industry supply chains the costs should fall.
Sir John Armitt, chair of the National Infrastructure Commission, said: "Taking steps to clean our air is something we're going to have to get used to, just as we already manage our wastewater and household refuse. While engineered removals will not be everyone's favourite device in the toolkit, they are there for the hardest jobs. And in the overall project of mitigating our impact on the planet for the sake of generations to come, we need every tool we can find.
"But to get close to having the sector operating where and when we need it to, the government needs to get ahead of the game now. The adaptive approach to market building we recommend will create the best environment for emerging technologies to develop quickly and show their worth, avoiding the need for government to pick winners. We know from the dramatic fall in the cost of renewables that this approach works and we must apply the lessons learned to this novel, but necessary, technology."
Click here to download the NIC report: Engineered Greenhouse Gas Removals.
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Burnley FC Goals
Burnley vs Blackburn Rovers highlights (1-0)
Burnley still keeping their lead at the top of English Championship standings after grabbing a slender lead over Blackburn Rovers FC. Playing in front of their fans, Burnley immediately took an attacking initiative as they were keen on grabbing an early goal.
Blackburn Rovers vs Burnley (0-1)
Burnley picked up an important result on their latest England Championship fixture as they grabbed all three points away to Blackburn Rovers. Both teams looking determined in grabbing a victory, triggering a tight encounter since the first few minutes as they were canceling each others out.
Burnley vs Reading (1-2)
Reading moving their way up into the third place seat of current England Championship standings after snatching a tight win over Burnley this past weekend. Both teams are competing hard for that play offs spot in this early stage of season, triggering an exciting encounter.
Burnley vs Milton Keynes Dons (2-1)
Burnley grabbed an important result on their latest England Championship fixture by defeating MK Dons this midweek. The home side put on an aggressive approach since kick off and they managed to get themselves ahead after 32 minutes through Samuel Vokes.
Burnley vs Sheffield Wednesday (3-1)
Burnley still comfortably holding their top five seat in current England Championship standings after picking up a comfortable home win over Sheffield Wednesday. The home team made a bright start as they put themselves one goal up with only seven minutes in the clock thanks to an effort from David Jones.
Ipswich Town vs Burnley (2-0)
Ipswich Town moving their way into the top of current English Championship standings after defeating Burnley this midweek. The home side were determined in grabbing all three points as they put on an aggressive display since kick off.
Leeds United vs Burnley (1-1)
Leeds United failed to pick up all three points on their English Championship opening fixture after being held by Burnley. The two teams looked determined to make a positive start into their new season as they put on an attacking display since kick off.
Van Gaal Slams Man United Critics
Manchester United continue to maintain their position in the top four seat of English Premier League, but their performance keep on receiving criticism by media. Not agreeing to those negative words about his side's performance, following their 3-1 win over Burnley, Man United boss, Louis Van Gaal slams the media.
Arsenal vs Burnley (3-0)
Arsenal grabbed an important result on their latest English Premier League fixture as Arsene Wenger's men defeated Burnley at Emirates stadium. Playing in front of their home crowd, Gunners played an aggressive football straight from kick off.
Burnley vs Manchester United (0-0)
Manchester United still fail to pick up their first win in the new season of English Premier League as Louis Van Gaal's men were held into a goalless draw by newly promoted side, Burnley.
Swansea City vs Burnley (1-0)
Swansea City picked up another positive result on their second English Premier League fixture after grabbing a slender home win over Burnley. Starting their season with a famous win over Manchester United, Swansea were in a confident mood as they host the newly promoted side.
Mourinho Warns Chelsea Over Leicester Threat
Winning their opening league game against newly promoted side Burnley, another similar opponent are set to trouble Chelsea this weekend as they battle against Leicester City, which as Championship League winner last season.
Burnley vs Chelsea (1-3)
One of the favorite teams to win this season's Premier League, Chelsea, started their campaign in a positive way as they slammed newly promoted side Burnley on Monday. It was not the perfect start though for Jose Mourinho's men as they found themselves trailing after 14 minutes of play with a goal from Scott Arfield.


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Jeremy Corbyn calls crumbling QEH 'a disgrace' at rally
todayJuly 4, 2021	2
MP and former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn spoke at a rally in The Walks yesterday, labelling the state of the Queen Elizabeth hospital "a disgrace".
Unionists and supporters gathered in Lynn, to hear the politician speak along with four other speakers affiliated with the NHS and the QEH.
Yesterday was the 73rd anniversary of the NHS, a poignant day to speak on the issues facing the QEH and it's staff.
The QEH rally in the walks, Jeremy Corbyn visits Lynn to talk about the NHS social care system and the QEH CREDIT Ian Burt (48855116)
Mr Corbyn said:"This is absurd that in the 21st century anyone should expect to work or be treated in a building held up by props. This is a disgraceful state of affairs. Say to the NHS or department of health- pull your finger out, put the money in, fix the roof or build a new hospital, we can't let this crazy situation go on any longer."
The MP made the crowd laugh by proposing that the "use of humour" was the key to success.
He said: "The only way you can beat these people is by humiliation and humour, how about we start a campaign for sponsoring a new prop? Prop up the NHS! A competition for better designed props? Hydraulic props? I mean God have mercy this is bonkers!"
Earlier this month former health secretary Matt Hancock visited the QEH, saying that the issue was "very serious and needs addressing."
Mr Corbyn criticised Mr Hancock, dubbing his handling of the NHS and the launch of the track and trace system "incompetent".
He said: "Our NHS is under threat. Underneath the badges government members wear they are selling off parts of the NHS, cutting it up, dicing it up and giving it away to the private sector. Any of you who work in the NHS know full well just how divisive the internal market is.
He defended the Union of the King's Lynn trade council, praising the efforts of unions as "part and parcel of democracy in society despite portrayals in the media."
Mr Corbyn was met with applause when he said: "Our NHS was founded by people with a vision, of a society of people that cared for each other. The principle of a society that cares for all."
GP Dr Pallavi Devulapalli, of Downham,gave an impassioned speech that touched on environmental issues, she highlighted the high rate of bed occupancy across the region's hospitals.
The GP said: "We are all in the middle of a climate crisis, we live on this fragile little blue planet.our government wants to open up a coal mine, we need our government to wake up and do the right thing and create green infrastructure, we are being very irresponsbile for our children and grandchildren. We are living as if we have somewhere else to go once we've trashed this place. I don't car what Elon Musk says, Mars is not an option for most of us.
"Norfolk County council in it's wisdom has decided to cut adult social services and children's services. Instead they found £50m to fund a new road, which will cut travel time on the A47, which is a three mile stretch of road, by 18 minutes. This illustrates their priorities.
"We are still in a pandemic and as a GP I have watched in horror over the last year, we have had one of the highest death rates of healthcare workers in the EU. 850 have died. This is mis-management and so wrong. I've had workers off sick in my practice and we kept going. The QEH has 435 beds, it had 85 per cent occupancy in the last quarter. That is really high. This hospital is crumbling in front of our eyes.
"There is a direct risk to patients and staff due to the roof's structure."
She said: "James Wild says he will continue to campaign for a new hospital" to which a member of the crowd responded with: "Where is he?"
Councillor Jo Rust, secretary of the Lynn Trade Council, has been campaigning for the rebuild of the QEH in recent weeks, as reports reveal the roof is being held up by approximately 200 steel props.
This has led to patients from intensive care being hastily re-located out of concern for the state of the roof, as staff work in precarious conditions on a daily basis.
She said: "Patients are going to have to go to bed looking at props and wood above them. The NHS have worked their socks of during this pandemic but they are going to work in unsafe conditions. The hospital has yet to be fully inspected, and that is the danger. We are calling for the one per cent pay offer to be taken off the table, it's demeaning. We should demand at least 12 per cent for the NHS staff. They've been offered one per cent and having to go to work in an unsafe building and that is not what they deserve."
Gordon Taylor, from Unison, said it fully supported the QEH campaign and branded the current situation "unacceptable."
He said: "No promises have been made for a new hospital. The QEH in King's Lynn needs to be rebuilt and this community needs a new hospital.
"If we secure funding, work would not be done until 2025 so we're four years down the road before possibly starting to build a new hospital.
"This town and community needs a new hospital, not in 2025, not in two years or next year. It needs something to be done now."
People then joined Ms Rust by marching through the town centre brandishing large signs and some wearing t-shirts that said "born in the QEH".
Man 'embarrassed' after punching police in bus station disturbance
Two police officers were assaulted after responding to a disturbance at Lynn bus station.CCTV operators had alerted police to the three-man incident, which involved 33-year-old Lewis Maycroft.He was drunkenly swearing at the officers and when he refused repeated warnings to stop and calm down, they moved in to arrest him.King's Lynn Magistrates' CourtIn actions described by his solicitor as "flailing around" and "reckless", Maycroft's fist then connected with one officer's […]
todayJuly 4, 2021


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"Abai alemi" book series aim to develop Kazakh culture and literature
A book series "Abai alemi" (World of Abai) includes works of such young writers as Alexander Mescheryakov and Kyzyrbek Durginbai. The editions were published thanks to a project in East Kazakhstan region as part of the Modernization of Kazakhstan's Identity program.
"Abai alemi" is the book series that is planned to be released from 2018 to 2022. Readers will be able to discover both young authors and classics due to the project that aims at the promotion of the development of Kazakh culture and literature, the revival of works of local great personalities, famous poets and writers as well as upbringing of patriotism and love to the homeland. The first publication contained works of Abai in Kazakh and Russian languages, including translations by Yevgeniy Kurdakov.
Approximately 20,000 copies were published as part of the project in the last two years. This year, 23,000 volumes of 22 books of East Kazakhstan region's famous personalities will be released.
Works of Abai, his followers and Abai studies researchers are going to be published in honor to the 175th anniversary of the great Kazakh poet. Scientists of Shakarim University in Semei, staff of the Museum of Abai and the regional library take part in the preparation for the book release.
The "Abai alemi" project is implemented with the help of the Abai Universal Library in Semei, East Kazakhstan region.
Alternatively, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University announced an essay contest "National memory and future lessons" dedicated to the 175th anniversary of Abai, the 1150th anniversary of Abu Nasr Al-Farabi and the 750th anniversary of the Golden Horde.
Its goal is to discover and support the talented youth, develop their creative abilities and aesthetic taste as well as introduce to the new generation the literary works of Abai, the global heritage of Al-Farabi and the historical significance of the Golden Horde.
The competition will be conducted in four thematic areas such as "Trails of Abai…", "Locking the keys of wisdom", "About history lessons", "Abai University – University of 21 century".
The essay contest will last until August 25, the winners will be announced on August 29. You can learn more about it on www.kaznpu.kz website.
Photo: semeylib.kz
literatureBookAbaiKazakh cultureAbai alemi
Modernization of Kazakhstan's Identity program passes three-year mark
Italian scientist studies Al-Farabi's legacy
Modernization of Kazakhstan's Identity program celebrates 3-year anniversary
Winners of 100 New Faces of Kazakhstan Project


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Xixegam
Cyber Monday is today and hurricane season is (technically) over: 5 things to know Monday
While Black Friday may have closely resembled Cyber Monday due to the coronavirus pandemic, it's now officially the online shopping holiday. And Cyber Monday is slated to keep its top spot with shoppers expected to spend $12.7 billion, according to Adobe Analytics — 35% more than in 2019. Black Friday brokerecords, too. Consumers spent $9 billion online, a nearly 22% increase over the $7.4 billion in 2019 online Black Friday sales.However, the surge in digital orders during this extended Cyber "week" will challengemany retailers. "With the influx of online orders, retailers that planned for shipping constraints and instituted creative last-mile options will be winners," said Rob Garf, Salesforce vice president of strategy and insights.
These stores are having massive Cyber Monday sales you won't want to miss
Black Friday in-store shopping dropped 52.1% as online sales broke records. Will Cyber Monday follow?
Cyber Monday 2020: The best Cyber Monday laptop deals
'Jeopardy!' resumes filming with first guest host Ken Jennings
Ken Jennings will be the first interim "Jeopardy!" host when the TV game show resumes production Monday after longtime beloved host Alex Trebek died. Jennings will be one of several interim hosts before the show decides on a permanent replacement. "There will only ever be one Alex Trebek, but I'm honored to be helping 'Jeopardy!' out with this in January," Jennings wrote in a tweet. "Jeopardy!" will air 10 of Trebek's best episodes the weeks of Dec. 21 and Dec. 28. His final week of episodes will now air the week of Jan. 4. The first week of guest-hosted shows will air the week of Jan. 11 starting with Jennings, who holds the all-time records for most consecutive games won and highest winnings in regular-season play.
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Memorable 'Jeopardy!' contestant remembers the late Alex Trebek
Arizona legislators, Trump lawyers plan public meeting on election
Arizona legislators and lawyers for President Donald Trump will meet at a downtown hotel Monday to discuss the election as they continue to dispute his defeat earlier this month. The gathering may rally Trump supporters and provide counter-programming on the same morning Arizona's secretary of state is scheduled to certify President-elect Joe Biden's victory, but it is unclear how legislators could do much of anything about the outcome of the race. While the Trump campaign and state Republican Party have filed election lawsuits in Maricopa County, they have not brought forward any evidence of fraud, and judges have so far tossed out the cases.
Trump $3M Wisconsin recount: Milwaukee County presidential recount wraps up with Biden adding to his margin over Trump
Hurricane season ends after record 30 named storms, 12 U.S. landfalls
Over six long months, 30 named storms — from Arthur to Iota — spun around somewhere in the Atlantic, with the 2020 hurricane season breaking records left and right. That all ends Monday. Officially, anyway. The 2020 Atlantic hurricane season — which ran from June 1 to Nov. 30 — produced 30 named storms, 12 of which made landfall in the United States, shattering the record of nine, set over a century ago. This year was also the fifth year in a row with above-normal activity, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. While the official end of the hurricane season is Monday, storms have been known to crop up all the way into December. Meteorologists are monitoring an area of disturbed weather several hundred miles southeast of Bermuda for possible development. If the disturbance becomes a tropical storm, it would be named Kappa.
NFL orders shutdown of team facilities to slow spread of COVID-19
The NFL has ordered team facilities to be closed to in-person activities Monday and Tuesday in a bid to slow the spread of COVID-19 among players and staffers. A memo from commissioner Roger Goodell, tweeted Friday night by the NFL Network's Tom Pelissero, says in-person meetings are prohibited and must be held virtually. The NFL said it was taking the step because of the growing number of COVID-19 cases in the country and because it came to the league's attention that a "number of players and staffers celebrated the Thanksgiving holiday with out-of-town guests." Teams playing on Monday and Tuesday are exempt from the order.
The News Reporter is a broadsheet semi-weekly newspaper based in Whiteville, North Carolina. The paper was founded in 1896 and serves Columbus County, North Car
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Q: Windows Phone 7 not setting image I'm trying to set an image source but it's failing.  The image is :
http://www.google.com/s2/photos/private/AIbEiAIAAAAhCI7V2pmUht_4DhC4nYWU8pajqRcYx5iUquORlMaOATABBYVUEen14cvZFQ35MWRjpDJeK-M?sz=32
if I do
<image source="http://www.google.com/s2/photos/private/AIbEiAIAAAAhCI7V2pmUht_4DhC4nYWU8pajqRcYx5iUquORlMaOATABBYVUEen14cvZFQ35MWRjpDJeK-M?sz=32" />

It works fine in design, but not run.
Any idea how to get this to work right?
Thanks!

A: That image link doesn't work for me -- and that's very likely your problem.  In design mode, you probably have a cached copy of the image showing up, whereas in run mode, the emulator (or device) is trying to fetch a new copy and cannot.
Confirm a URL that is stateless, and try that?
--randy

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Renewables On Track To Pass Nuclear Energy
Though coal is still the…
Global Energy Advisory 12th July 2019
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Despite lingering concerns over a…
Oil Sustains Rally As Russia Returns To OPEC Negotiating Table
By Irina Slav - Aug 15, 2016, 10:05 AM CDT
Russia is still negotiating an oil production freeze with OPEC, and more specifically with the organization's number-one producer Saudi Arabia, Energy Minister Alexandr Novak said, in an interview published on Monday for Saudi newspaper Asharq al-Awsat—a move that has oil prices rising in the grasping hope that production will soon be tapered.
On Monday 11:00 am EST, WTI stood up 2.25% at $45.49 while Brent, the international benchmark, climbed 2.28% at $48.04.
Novak also said, as quoted by media, that Russia was in talks with non-OPEC producers as well, and is ready to achieve the widest possible level of coordination... and put in place joint measures to achieve oil market stability, with the condition that these measures will not be for a limited period of time."
Novak added that he expected the international oil markets to rebalance next year and not before that, and that the Doha negotiations had "a certain positive effect" on current developments.
Russia was the initiator of the Doha talks with several OPEC members that aimed to agree on a production freeze to alleviate some of the pressure from oil markets. Many observers and analysts said at the time, however, that with both Russia and Saudi Arabia pumping crude at record levels since the start of the year, a freeze would not have much of a point. Related: What Really Caused The Oil Price Rebound?
The Russian minister's statement comes just days after his Saudi counterpart Khalid al-Falih said Saudi Arabia is ready to co-operate with other OPEC members and other oil producers to help restore balance on the market. In an interview with Saudi Press Agency, the minister reiterated that, in his opinion, the market is already moving back towards balance.
Some observers note, however, that there have been many discrepancies between statements and actions on the part of the Saudis, and that the market is still far from rebalancing. Saudi Arabia is still pumping at record-high rates, with its July output rising to 10.67 million bpd.
Things are unlikely to change substantially at the next OPEC meeting, this time an informal one in Algeria. After all, Saudi Arabia, like its rivals, has a market share to protect and an output freeze will not really make it more flexible in this respect.
What Will You Do When The Lights Go Out? The Inevitable Failure Of The US Grid
Scientists Suggest Aliens Are Harnessing Energy From This Star
Is This Finally A Real Energy Storage Breakthrough?
Soaring OPEC Exports Can't Keep Oil From Rallying


Recently, there have been stories in the news about businesses who have refused to serve some customer because they belonged to some group that business did not favor.
I want to be clear that RRM serves EVERYONE. I don't care, nor do I even want to know, their politics or their religion or ethnicity or choice of sexual partners. Nor should you or your employees. Good campers are always welcome. Camping should be a relief and refuge from the crazy politics we have today, not another battleground.
I will note that this would be my policy even if I owned all the campgrounds. But I do not. Every campground we operate is a public facility and is thus governed by very very strict rules against discrimination that apply to all government facilities. So turning some customer away or harassing them because they believe different things than you is not only against my wishes, it will get all of us (but particularly me) in deep and expensive legal trouble.
I have a zero tolerance policy on this and have had to fire some folks, even some managers, over this issue in the past. I do not think we have a current problem with this, nor do I have someone in particular in mind when sending this email. If I thought I had a current problem, I would be dealing with it directly. I am instead writing this in response to current events, which are as depressing as anything I have seen in my lifetime.
So let's remember that we are the public's haven from all this mess. They need camping and relaxation more than ever.
I believe that humans in large societies have two natural desires that frustrate libertarians.
1. A desire for religion, defined as a set of rituals, norms, and affirmations that are shared by a group and which the group believes it is wrong not to share. Thus, rooting for your local sports team is not a religion, because you realize that it is not wrong for someone else not to root for your local sports team. But if you are against GMO foods, then you believe that those who disagree with you are wrong.
2. A desire for war. I think that it is in human nature to fantasize about battles against tribal enemies. War arises when those fantasies are strong enough to drive behavior.
I would have recast your second bullet point into a predilection for tribalism rather than a fondness for war. I think it is more all-encompassing. It is tribalism that leads to war, but it also leads to any number of other dysfunctional practices, like protectionism, immigration restrictions, etc.
In addition, tribalism is making it more and more difficult for basic politics to work, particularly for libertarians. As a libertarian, I used to make common cause with the Left on things like gay marriage and the Right on things like regulatory reform. This is increasingly hard to do -- if one does not hold all the group's other beliefs, they don't want to work with you on a narrow issue. Several years ago I was uninvited from co-chairing an effort on gay marriage because others in the group did not like my stances on unrelated issues like education choice.
A few weeks ago there was a bizarre spectacle of a woman who supports the imposition of Sharia law in the US helping to lead the women's march. What the hell? Countries with Sharia law often look like apartheid but for women rather than blacks. Why is is a leading women's advocate supporting such a thing?
This seeming contradiction makes sense, though, in the context of tribalism. The "other" tribe (the Right) opposes sharia law and is skeptical of fundamental Islam so our side must fully embrace it. There is no longer the possibility of any subtlety, like "I don't traffic in gross generalizations about Muslims and welcome them to this country but Sharia law (at least as practiced in some countries, I don't have the religious history chops to know if it is being interpreted correctly) has many things in it that are an abomination to individual rights and Muslims coming to this country are going to have to leave parts of that behind."
This is one of my emerging rules of politics: if one political group holds a position that does not seem consistent or logical in the context of their other positions, assume they are holding this position because their rival political group has already staked out the opposite side.
Update: In retrospect, most of what I am calling tribalism he is calling religion, so I think we are saying the same thing with different words.
Why Does the Left Defend Actions by Muslims that Would Horrify Them in Any Other Context?
In the late 1970's, I guess it was OK to mock Islam because Gary Trudeau sure did it a lot in his Doonebury comic. I remember one panel where the Iranian Chief Justice was in the states for his college reunion, telling his old school mates he stayed in such great shape by "flogging" rather than jogging.
Today, though, the Left seems to feel that Islam is off-limits and even needs their protection. It's OK to mock Indiana for not forcing every photographer to work gay weddings but God forbid anyone mock countries that kill gays just for being gay. In Trudeau we have an icon of the 1960's radicals advocating for limits on free speech and for blasphemy laws. Too bizarre for words. Eugene Volokh has a good commentary on Trudeau's remarks.
Look, sometimes commentators like myself adopt a sort of feaux confusion on the actions of folks we disagree with. But I am being honest here -- I really, really don't understand this.
I will say that I think this position tends to support a pet theory of mine. Remember that I start with a belief that American Republicans and Democrats are not internally consistent on their politics, and not even consistent over time (e.g. Republicans opposed wars of choices in Kosovo under Clinton, supported them under Bush in Iraq, and then opposed them again under Obama in Libya).
So here is my theory to explain many party political positions: Consider an issue where one party is really passionate about something. The other party might tend to initially agree. But over time there is going to be pressure for the other party to take the opposite stand, whether it is consistent with some sort of party ideological framework or not. After 9/11, the Republicans staked out a position that they thought that Islam as practiced in several countries was evil and dangerous and in some cases needed to be subdued by force of arms. In my framework, this pushed Democrats into becoming defenders of modern Islam, even at the same time that domestic politics was pushing them to be critical of Christian religion as it affected social policy (i.e. abortion and later gay marriage). Apparently, the more obvious position of "yeah, we agree much of the Islamic world is illiberal and violent, but we don't think we can or should fix it by arms" is too subtle a position to win elections. I fear we have gotten to a point where if either party is for something, they have to be in favor of mandating it, and if they are against something, they have to be in favor of using the full force of government to purge it from this Earth. And the other party will default to the opposite position.
The counter-veiling argument to this is two words: "drug war". This seems to be a bipartisan disaster that is generally supported by both parties. So my framework needs some work.
I think this author, like many others, gets it wrong by comparing Jesus and Mohammad to try to get at the roots of modern Islamic violence. I don't think you can explain the (relative) non-violence of Christians today vs. the prevalence of violence among certain portions of the Islamic religion by looking at their scriptures.
The reason is that for hundreds of years ago, Christians were the world's crazed terrorists. They would burn you to death for being a heretic, or being gay, or being suspected of witchcraft. When the first Crusade was called by the Pope, hordes of Christians in the Rhine Valley headed north (rather than south and east) to forcibly convert or kill Jews in numerous German communities. The Christian on Christian sectarian violence of the 30 years war was perhaps the worst cataclysm Europe ever endured until the 20th Century.
I am sure Christians would say that such violence is inconsistent with true Christianity, etc. but never-the-less history shows that Christians have no less inherent propensity to religious violence than Muslims. Christians have moved on -- matured, maybe? I am not sure what the word is. Unfortunately, parts of Islam have not, which makes it dangerous today in a way that Christianity is not.
Now Prince George's County is offering a way for churches to avoid paying the tax, which is estimated to be an average of $744 per year for them — preach "green" to their parishioners.
When the Bank of America Tower opened in 2010, the press praised it as one of the world's "most environmentally responsible high-rise office building[s]." It wasn't just the waterless urinals, daylight dimming controls, and rainwater harvesting. And it wasn't only the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum certification—the first ever for a skyscraper—and the $947,583 in incentives from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. It also had as a tenant the environmental movement's biggest celebrity. The Bank of America Tower had Al Gore.
The former vice president wanted an office for his company, Generation Investment Management, that "represents the kind of innovation the firm is trying to advance," his real-estate agent said at the time. The Bank of America Tower, a billion-dollar, 55-story crystal skyscraper on the northwest corner of Manhattan's Bryant Park, seemed to fit the bill. It would be "the most sustainable in the country," according to its developer Douglas Durst. At the Tower's ribbon-cutting ceremony, Gore powwowed with Mayor Michael Bloomberg and praised the building as a model for fighting climate change. "I applaud the leadership of the mayor and all of those who helped make this possible," he said.
"What LEED designers deliver is what most LEED building owners want—namely, green publicity, not energy savings," John Scofield, a professor of physics at Oberlin, testified before the House last year.
I will go out and get a picture today of our local Bank of America branch. It is LEED certified at some level, proudly displaying the certificate in the lobby. Out front it has two parking spaces near the door for electric cars - it does not have a charger for them, just reserved preferred parking. I am sure they got their LEED points this way.
Free Speech -- We Were Just Kidding!
But today freedom of speech is under fire by those who increasingly claim [some] people have a right not to be offended that trumps free speech. Just who has this new right and who does not (certainly white males don't seem to have it) is unclear, as well as how one can ever enforce a standard where the victim has full discretion in determining if a crime has been committed, are left unexplained.
We have seen this theory of speech gaining adherents in Universities, for example, so while its continued gains are worrisome though not entirely unexpected. The one thing I never saw coming in the increasingly secular west was how much momentum anti-blasphemy laws would gain, and how much these laws would be pushed by the Left**.
This all goes to prove my long-time conviction that the political parties have very little foundation in any real morality, and that they tend to simply take positions opposite of the other party. Since Conservatives staked out the anti-Islam position, the Left feels the need to find some way to be pro-Islam. Weird, but I can't think of any other explanation. The only exceptions to this rule are 1) expansions of Presidential power and 2) taking the drug war to new stupid extremes. Both parties seem unified in supporting these two things, at least when their guy is in office.
Apparently, the home in which L. Ron Hubbard invented Scientology is right here in Phoenix. In fact, it is right by my kids' school and I drive past it almost every day. In the next few days I will take a camera and snap a picture or two.
I was a fan of Hubbard's "Battlefield Earth" (the book, not the movie) as a young adult -- it is a classic example of 1950's pulp science fiction -- though I picked it up a few years ago out of nostalgia and found that it did not wear very well. I do not know much about Scientology, though I wonder why folks who go all-in for it aren't at least a bit suspicious of a religion involving ancient aliens that was cooked up by a science fiction writer.
The whole thing makes for a fascinating story, and I think it would be fabulous book material for someone who is not either a proselytizing Scientologist or an angry ex-Scientologist with an ax to grind.
The government just sent me a letter informing me that it is time, in the name of creating a race-blind society, to categorize all my employees by race, count them up, and report everyone's color to the government.
"The employer is subject to certain governmental recordkeeping and reporting requirements for the administration of civil rights laws and regulations. In order to comply with these laws, the employer invites employees to voluntarily self-identify their race or ethnicity. Submission of this information is voluntary and refusal to provide it will not subject you to any adverse treatment. The information obtained will be kept confidential and may only be used in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws, executive orders, and regulations, including those that require the information to be summarized and reported to the federal government for civil rights enforcement. When reported, data will not identify any specific individual."
So the private data you share will only be used if Congress writes a law, the President issues an executive order, or a bureaucrat writes a rule saying they can use it. And this is comforting? Our President claims the right to assassinate Americans by executive order, for God sakes, and this paragraph makes people feel better about categorizing themselves with the government in ways that, in the past, have been used by numerous governments in a variety of pogroms.
** I do not allow my supervisors to even ask. We just do our best from our knowledge of all the employees. My vision of the relationship I have with my employees does not include inquiring about their race (or religion, or sexual orientation) in an official capacity. It also, does not encompass testing their bodily fluids, which is why I refuse to bid on management contracts that require drug testing of our employees.
It's true that our Framers, unlike many others, especially more recently, did not focus their attention on rights. Instead, they focused on powers— and for good reason. Because we have an infinite number of rights, depending on how they're defined, the Framers knew that they couldn't possibly enumerate all of them. But they could enumerate the government's powers, which they did. Thus, given that they wanted to create a limitedgovernment, leaving most of life to be lived freely in the private sector rather than through public programs of the kind we have today, the theory of the Constitution was simple and straightforward: where there is no power there is a right, belonging either to the states or to the people. The Tenth Amendment makes that crystal clear. Rights were thus implicit in the very idea of a government of limited powers. That's the idea that's altogether absent from the modern approach to constitutionalism—with its push for far reaching "active" government—about which more in a moment.
The idea, then, that our Constitution is terse and old and guarantees relatively few rights—a point Liptak draws from the authors of the article and the people he interviews—does not explain the decline in the document's heuristic power abroad. Nor does "the commitment of some members of the Supreme Court to interpreting the Constitution according to its original meaning in the 18th century" explain its fall from favor. Rather, it's the kindof rights our Constitution protects, and its strategy for protecting them, that distinguishes it from the constitutional trends of recent years. First, as Liptak notes, "we are an outlier in prohibiting government establishment of religion," and we recognize the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to keep and bear arms. But second, and far more fundamentally, our Constitution is out of step in its failure to protect "entitlements" to governmentally "guaranteed" goods and services like education, housing, health care, and "periodic holidays with pay" (Article 24 of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights). And right there, of course, is the great divide, and the heart of the matter.
Whether or not you think the Islamic cultural centre and mosque should be built near the World Trade Center site, do you think that Muslims have a constitutional right to build a mosque there?
Technically, I think the wording of this question should have been turned around: not whether Muslims have the right to build a mosque on Park Place, but whether the government has the constitutional right to stop them from building a mosque on Park Place.
Still, I think everyone probably understands what this means, and it's just depressing as hell. It's one thing to oppose the mosque just because you don't like the idea, but to deny that Muslims even have a constitutional right to build it? That should be a no-brainer. Of course they do.
Seriously, this is from a man who probably does not think you have the Constitutional right to choose your own doctor. Why are Republicans ceding the high ground on this to Democrats? Well, it turns out that is the theme of my new column this week in Forbes.
...prospective mosque-banners would argue that I simply don't understand how utterly, deeply offensive the proposed location of this mosque is to them. But that is not the case. I am offended as well by what might be a laudatory memorial to a terrorist incident. But the question for me is, do we have a right not to be offended?
This is what truly floors me about the Ground Zero controversy: Republicans all over the country are standing up and begging House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and President Barack Obama to void the property rights of a private entity, shut down the construction of a church, and do so to protect some mythical right not to be offended, a right that, until recently, conservatives argued did not exist. Do Republicans really want to encourage the federal government to tear up property rights and First Amendment protections, all in the name of hurt feelings? If conservatives set this precedent today, they are almost certainly not going to like how it is used tomorrow.
Postscript: I notice something in this poll that I have seen several times lately. Traditionally, poll results for independents always fell somewhere between Republicans and Democrats. In this poll, as in several others I have seen, Independent responses actually fell outside of these bounds. Increasingly independents are shedding the "moderate" label and actually pacing the two political parties. I find this encouraging, though it is probably too much to hope for that this is the leading indicator of some type of radical ideological restructuring of the Coke and Pepsi parties.
Environmentalism should be regarded on the same level with religion "as the only compelling, value-based narrative available to humanity," according to a paper written two years ago to influence the future strategy of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), the world's would-be environmental watchdog.
The purpose of the paper, put together after an unpublicized day-long session in Switzerland by some of the world's top environmental bureaucrats: to argue for a new and unprecedented effort to move environmental concerns to "the center of political and economic decision-making" around the world "" and perhaps not coincidentally, expand the influence and reach of UNEP at the tables of world power, as a rule-maker and potential supervisor of the New Environmental Order.
The positions argued in that paper now appear to be much closer at hand; many of them are embedded in a four-year strategy document for UNEP taking effect next year, in the immediate wake of the much-touted, 11-day Copenhagen conference on "climate change," which starts on Dec. 7, and which is intended to push environmental concerns to a new crescendo.
The major difference is that the four-year UNEP plan expresses its aims in the carefully soporific language that U.N. organizations customarily use to swaddle their objectives. The Swiss document makes its case passionately -- and more important, plainly -- than any U.N. official document ever would.
I would have said that classical liberalism and the protection of human liberty would be a competing such narrative, but its not surprising the UN wouldn't think so.
It is interesting that after years of skeptics being derided for comparing modern environmentalism to a religion, this characterization is starting to be accepted by the environmentalists themselves.
I have shared before the main problem with all these new fake "rights" (e.g. right to healthcare, right to a job, etc.). Our original Constitutional rights were merely checks on government - they said the government could not pass laws to prevent us from doing certain things or invade our homes without some sort of due process, etc. But these new rights require that some previously free individual be coerced into providing money or labor or both to supply others with these new rights. I often use the desert island test - if you can't have the right alone on a desert island, its not a right.
But what I had not realized until recently is that many of these new fake rights also share in common a level of compulsion on the beneficiary (not just the payer and provider). For example, you have the right to bear arms and engage in free speech, but you are not required to own a gun or speak in public. But you will be required to use, and pay for, your new "right" to health care, at the threat of a term in prison. In this light, its doubly perverse to call something like health care a "right." How can something which government uses compulsion on the payers, the providers, and the users be associated with so clean and moral a notion as a "right." Freedom of religion is a right. Health care is a want.
I got to thinking about this even more with "the right to a job at a fair wage," embodied in such laws as the Fair Labor Standards Act. Proponents of such a right would consider it a victory that employers have been compelled to not pay less than $7.25 an hour for labor. But the beneficiary is the subject of compulsion as well. This law also means that I cannot sell my labor at less than $7.25, even if I am willing (even eager) to do so. This means that if my choices are to sell my labor at $6.00 or for nothing, the government compels me to be unemployed. My son is 16 and would like a retail job, preferably around books this summer. Having real job experience and customer contact experience, for him at his age, is worth enough that he would likely work for free. But he can't work for free, because the Fair Labor Standards Act only allows compensation to be valued in monetary terms - non-monetary benefits like skills improvements don't count. So, given the economy, my son will likely not work next summer. All for his own good, of course.


For the last 20 or more years I have been waiting to see if other people saw what my male companion and my two neighbors saw hovering in the sky above our backyard. The illustration in your article matches exactly what we saw hovering a few hundred feet in the sky. This was in the fall of 1996, also in a very densely populated area in Southern California. We lived in Canoga Park at the time, in a commercial flight path to Burbank and LAX and just 5 miles from Van Nuys airport, one of the busiest small aircraft airports in the country. So the air space above our neighborhood was always busy.
I was in the shower when my companion came into the house yelling...'come out in the backyard! You gotta see this!' I got out of the shower and could hear our dog and our neighbor's dogs barking excessively. I got dressed and went out into the back yard...our neighbors were in our yard looking up. Our dog was looking up towards this thing and barking like crazy. My first thought was someone's flying a kite...but it was a cloudy, dark night with no wind. The moon cast a glow behind the clouds and this thing looked black as pitch and just hung there in the sky. I could not see any head or face with red eyes because of the height it was at. It didn't make any sound that we could hear but the dogs could hear something...and dogs aren't prone to looking up into the sky and barking at things. My boyfriend decided to run into the house to get a more powerful flashlight and while he was in the house, this thing slowly opened its wings out completely, banked to the left and slowly glided away in a westerly direction towards the coastline. It then looked like one long wing, tattered edges and all. This whole incident took about 15 to 20 minutes and during that time there wasn't a single airplane, jet or helicopter in the sky.


Hi bergers, I was riding my 2010 FE390 today for about 1/2 hour when the engine suddenly cut out and wouldn't restart. Dragged it home, found that fuse F2 is blown, and blows whenever I crank the starter.
Where should I look for the problem? It's not the fuel pump, I disconnected it and the fuse still blows. I checked the wiring diagram and it appears this fuse connects the solenoid to the engine control module. Do I need a new ECM?
In case anyone's interested, I took the bike apart and found the wire for the fuel pump had touched the exhaust shield and melted, causing a short to ground. It is now securely tywrapped to the main harness and the bike is running again.
Thanks! The IAT wire is a good one for that too.
Would that be something that I should look at on my 2010/ 390 is it not very well shielded ?
I bought my bike used so I don't know how it is configured from the factory, but it might be worth a check. I had just added turn signals to my bike before it failed, so I think I probably displaced the wire when I pushed the new harness under the tank and through the opening behind the air filter.


text:
Power Grabber: "X-Men: The Last Stand," "See No Evil," and "Over the Hedge"
X-MEN: THE LAST STAND
In his X-Men films of 2000 and 2003, Bryan Singer managed a marvelous blend of gravitas, insouciance, and pure ass-kicking spectacle, and the highest praise I can give X-Men: The Last Stand is that director Brett Ratner, nearly scene for scene, fools you into thinking that Singer helmed this one as well. For a director with an indistinct visual style, there are far worse ways to go than aping the visual style of others, and in the case of The Last Stand, Ratner's channeling of Singer's tone seems less unimaginative than duly reverent, and even inspiring; you can feel Ratner working diligently to not louse up Singer's vision. And he hasn't. This third, and purportedly final, entry in the mutant-superhero saga is a spectacular entertainment, and if you were worried that Ratner's participation would guarantee acceptable effects but little in the way of personality, your fears will prove unfounded - it's a more-than-satisfying wrap-up to the trilogy.
Idle "American": "American Dreamz," "The Wild," and "Scary Movie 4"
American Dreamz is like a middling Saturday Night Live skit that never ends. In writer/director Paul Weitz's conception, the president is a slow-witted dolt being puppeteered by his staff, the participants on an American Idol-type mega-hit are a combination of talentless sweeties and fame-hungry monsters, and the American public happily buys every piece of pop-fueled mediocrity placed before it, especially when it's swathed in the sentimental, jingoistic guise of "patriotism." Wherever did Weisz come up with such fresh objects of ridicule?
Gripping "Traffic" Is One for the Ages: Also, "All the Pretty Horses" and "Miss Congeniality"
Sitting in the audience for Steven Soderbergh's drug drama Traffic, I heard a sound that had been sorely missing from 12-plus months of moviegoing: rapt, appreciative silence. It was the sort of silence that you only get when a director is in full control of his work, when the actors are working at peak form, and when the storyline is so gripping that you can't wait to see where it will lead you next. Based on a British mini-series, Traffic is something increasingly rare in modern films: a large-scale epic with a human pulse, in which every character and nuance is sharply defined, and in which your alliances and points of view change with each passing scene. The accolades and awards already bestowed on the film aren't simply a matter of it being the best of a bum year; it's one of the best movies released in many years.


text:
What is the Impact of Inequality on Human Security
The resultant vacuum was and continues to be, filled by a variety of new theoretical approaches. The most important break from the past has been the expansion of the idea of security from its traditional military understanding to more human and critical directions. For advocates of human security, a concept canonically elaborated in the 1994 Human Development Report (UNDP 1994) the state is no longer the primary referent object. Instead, it is the individual who is taken as the basic referent of security:Human security…encourage[s] policymakers and scholars to think about international security as something more than the military defense of state interests and territory. Although definitions of human security vary, most formulations emphasize the welfare of ordinary people. (Paris 2001: 87)Human insecurities may arise due to a variety of factors, ranging from societal insecurity, migration, environmental degradation and climate change, water and resource scarcity, energy security, organized crime (trafficking in humans, narcotics, and arms), health insecurity and various inequalities within society, including political persecution or denial of basic human rights by a repressive regime, to lack of access to critical services such as education and healthcare (Burgess 2007). The purpose of this paper is to explore this last factor: the implications of societal inequality, conceived primarily in economic terms, on the agenda of human security.In recent years, Richard Wilkinson has produced some of the seminal work on the area relating inequality and security (1996. 2005). his main argument remains that various kinds of social inequalities detract from social cohesion, leading to conditions of human insecurity. Specifically, Wilkinson – and epidemiologist by profession – deals with the subject of health and retains that the structure of social relations determinespeoples' health.In essence, Wilkinson maintains that higher the income inequality within a society, the poorer is its overall health.