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Tag Archives: arbor
February 27, 2014 by storydivamg
The Whistling Woman
"Whistling women and cackling hens, both come to no good end."—Folk wisdom repeated to Catholic school girls and originated by someone who never knew Emma
Ollie leans back in the glider. He relaxes in the shade of the overgrown arbor, just outside the kitchen of the dilapidated farmhouse, and fondly remembers his late wife.
Emma, a Catholic native American, didn't know Ollie ever heard her whistling in the kitchen as she baked bread or toiled over dishes. She always stopped abruptly when she heard him knocking the mud off his boots by the lean-to door. Her melodies became his guilty pleasure. After long days in the fields or tending livestock, he often stood for five or ten minutes, watching her work, listening to her cheerful whistle.
When the children came along, Emma became more guarded about whistling. Instead, she hummed lullabies to soothe them to sleep. Still, late in the afternoon when the boys were tending to their chores and their baby girl napped in her cradle, Ollie sometimes heard her whistle a refrain.
Ollie knew the folk wisdom that kept Emma from sharing her music. He thought it a shame but knew better than to let her know he listened. Emma was a strong woman. More than once he had seen her wring the necks of six chickens before breakfast and serve them for dinner at noon when the harvest crew piled into the dining room, ravenous from the morning's labor.
Life on the farm was hard but good for Emma and Ollie. The children grew and married. One son bought a neighboring lot, built a house and stayed to help Ollie work the farm. The other three moved into nearby towns where they found work, but everyone came home to help with summer harvest and to visit on holidays. Grandkids were born, grew up, married and had children of their own. Emma and Ollie kept working their farm. With everyone out of the house, Emma began to whistle more freely when she thought she was home alone.
One year, dementia came to steal Emma's music. Ollie no longer felt comfortable leaving her alone when he went to work in the fields. She became confused when she went to gather eggs from the hen house and got lost on her way to the pasture. Finally, the kids convinced Ollie to put her in a home where, in nine months, she faded completely away.
Ollie spits a mouthful of chaw into the rusty Folgers can by his feet. "I figger that was no good end," he mumbles to himself. "Sure had a good run up to it though." He gathers himself out of the glider and heads out to the field. He only works a small patch of the farm these days, leases the rest out. The grandkids want him to sell the old place, move to some retirement village. He has other plans. A good end will mean he goes out making hay.
Tagged arbor, cackling hens, family, farm, fields, harvest, short story, whistle, whistling women


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The climatic effects of fluctuations in oceanic regimes are most often studied using singular spectrum analysis (SSA) or variations on principle components analysis (PCA). In other words, by decomposing rainfall and temperature into periodic components. Such approaches can capture short period phenomena like the effects of El Niño , and the potential impact of longer term phenomena such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on variations in global temperature. These phenomena take place over a period of years or decades. For finding and testing less frequent regime-shifts different techniques are called for. According to the authors: "An F-statistic known as the Chow test (Chow, 1960) based on the reduction in the residual sum of squares through adoption of a structural break, relative to an unbroken simple linear regression, is a straightforward approach to modeling regime-shifts with structural breaks." All the statistical details aside, the point here is that a sequence of data that contains sudden shifts or jumps is hard to model accurately using standard methods.
Sea surface temperature simulation from Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Source DOE.
The paper investigates two claims made in the climate literature: first, a proposed regime-shift model of Australian temperature with a slightly increasing trend to 1976, rapidly increasing to 1979 (the shift), and slowly increasing since then; and second, a claim of lack of statistical significance regarding the declining temperature since the El Niño event in 1998. Regarding the first, the authors state: "The increase in Australian temperature of around 0.9°C from the start of the readily available records in 1910 is conventionally modeled as a linear trend and, despite the absence of clear evidence, often attributed to increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs)." The main reason to apply econometric techniques to climate time series data it that simple linear forecasting can fail if the underlying data exhibit sudden jumps. "That is, while a forecast based on a linear model would indicate steadily changing global temperatures, forecasts based on shifts would reflect the moves to relatively static mean values," the study states. The choice of underlying model may also impact estimates of the magnitude of climate change, which is one of the major points put forth by this work.
As for the "cherry picking" assertion, the authors claim that the flat global temperatures since 1998 are not an anomaly but are representative of the actual climate trend. That climate trend exhibits two distinct breakpoints, one in 1978 and another in 1997. The proposed new climate model is what is know as a change point model. Such models are characterized by abrupt changes in the mean value of the underlying dynamical system, rather than a smoothly increasing or decreasing trend. Confidence in the 1978 breakpoint is strengthened by the results for global temperatures since 1910. These data indicate the series can be described as gradually increasing to 1978 (0.05 ± 0.015°C per decade), with a steeper trend thereafter (0.15 ± 0.04°C per decade).
Breakpoints in sea surface monthly temperature anomalies (HadCRU3GL) (a)1910 to present and (b) 1976 to present. Figure 2 from Stockwell and Cox.
Perhaps most interesting is the application of this analysis to the prediction of future climate change, something GCM climate modelers have been attempting for the past 30 years with little success. Figure 3 from the paper illustrates the prediction for temperatures to 2100 following from our structural break model, the assumptions of continuous underlying warming, regime-shift from 1978 to 1997, and no additional major regime-shift. The projections formed by the presumed global warming trend to 1978 and the trend in the current regime predicts constant temperatures for fifty years to around 2050. This is similar to the period of flat temperatures from 1930-80.
Prediction of global temperature to 2100, by projecting the trends of segments delineated by significant regime-shifts. The flat trend in the temperature of the current climate-regime (cyan) breaks upwards around 2050 on meeting the (presumed) underlying AGW warming (green), and increases slightly to about 0.2°C above present levels by 2100. The 95% CI for the trend uncertainty is dashed. Figure 3 from Stockwell and Cox.
What is even more encouraging is that, even though temperatures resume their upward climb after 2050, the predicted increase for the rest of the century is only about 0.2◦ C above present levels. That is around one tenth the increase generally bandied about by the IPCC and its minions, who sometimes predict as much as a 6°C rise by 2100. It must be kept in mind that this extrapolation is based on a number of simplifying assumptions and does not incorporate many of the complexities and natural forcing factors that are incorporated in GCM programs. Can a relatively simple statistical model be more accurate than the climate modelers' coupled GCM that have been under continuous development for decades?
Mathematical models based on statistics are often the only way to successfully deal with non-linear, often chaotic systems. Scientists often find that physical reality at its most detailed level can defy their computational tools. Consider fluid flow, which can be either laminar or turbulent. Laminar fluid flow is described by the Navier-Stokes equations. For cases of non-viscus flow, the Bernoulli equation can be used to describe the flow. The Navier-Stokes equations are differential equations while the Bernoulli equation is a simpler mathematical relationship which can be derived from the former by way of the Euler Equation.
In effect, both are ways of dealing with massive numbers of individual molecules in a flowing fluid collectively instead of individually. At the finest physical level, fluid flow is a bunch of molecules interacting with each other, but trying to model physical reality at the level of atomic interaction would be computationally prohibitive. Instead they are dealt with en mass using equations that are basically statistical approximations of how the uncountable number of molecules in flowing fluid behave. Often such mathematical approximations are accurate enough to be useful as scientific and engineering tools.
Fluid flow around a train using the Navier-Stokes equations. Source: Body & Soul.
Indeed, many of these types of equations find their way into GCM to model parts of the system climate scientists are trying to simulate. Instead of simply looking at the statistical behavior of Earth's climate, GCM try to model all the bits and pieces that comprise the Earth's climate system. Unfortunately, not all of the pieces of the Earth system are well understood and many factors cannot be modeled at the course physical scales forced on the modelers because of the lack of computational capacity. As I have discussed on this blog before, simply changing the structural components of a model, leaving all of the scientific assumptions and factors intact, can radically change the answers a model cranks out (see "Extinction, Climate Change & Modeling Mayhem"). Beyond that, there are the matters of inherent data inaccuracy and error propagation as presented in The Resilient Earth chapters 13 and 14.
If the new model's prediction is true, global temperatures in 2100 will not even approach the tripwire-for-Armageddon 2°C level set by the IPCC as humanity's point of no return. Can a statistical model be better at predicting future temperatures than complex yet incomplete GCM? With the lack of theoretical understanding, paucity of good historical data, and overwhelming simplifications that have to be made to make climate models run on today's supercomputers I would have to say that the statistical model comes off pretty well. Give me a well known statistical technique over a fatally flawed climate model any day.


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Part 1. Overview Information
Participating Organization(s)
Components of Participating Organizations
Understanding Place-Based Health Inequalities in Mid-Life (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)
Activity Code
R01 Research Project Grant
Announcement Type
December 8, 2021 - Notice of Participation of National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) in RFA-AG-23-004, "Understanding Place-Based Health Inequalities in Mid-Life (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)". See Notice NOT-MD-22-005
Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) Number
RFA-AG-23-004
Companion Funding Opportunity
See Section III. 3. Additional Information on Eligibility.
Assistance Listing Number(s)
93.866, 93.307
Funding Opportunity Purpose
The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support research that uncovers potential modifiable explanations about how "places" (e.g., countries, US Census regions, states, counties, neighborhoods, and locations across the urban-rural continuum) are related to morbidity and mortality among middle-aged adults in order to inform policy responses to address poor mid-life health and health disparities. Specifically, this FOA will support studies that: 1) clarify social, economic, behavioral, and institutional explanations for place-based health disparities (levels and trends), 2) examine intersections between place and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity) to better understand and address processes driving other health disparities, and/or 3) include data collection and data enhancements to support 1 and 2.
Open Date (Earliest Submission Date)
Letter of Intent Due Date(s)
Application Due Dates
Review and Award Cycles
Renewal / Resubmission / Revision (as allowed)
Scientific Merit Review
Advisory Council Review
Earliest Start Date
March 03, 2022 Not Applicable Not Applicable July 2022 October 2022 December 2022
All applications are due by 5:00 PM local time of applicant organization. All types of non-AIDS applications allowed for this funding opportunity announcement are due on the listed date(s).
Applicants are encouraged to apply early to allow adequate time to make any corrections to errors found in the application during the submission process by the due date.
Due Dates for E.O. 12372
Required Application Instructions
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the Research (R) Instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide,except where instructed to do otherwise (in this FOA or in a Notice from NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts ).
Conformance to all requirements (both in the Application Guide and the FOA) is required and strictly enforced. Applicants must read and follow all application instructions in the Application Guide as well as any program-specific instructions noted in Section IV. When the program-specific instructions deviate from those in the Application Guide, follow the program-specific instructions.
Applications that do not comply with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
There are several options available to submit your application through Grants.gov to NIH and Department of Health and Human Services partners. You must use one of these submission options to access the application forms for this opportunity.
Use the NIH ASSIST system to prepare, submit and track your application online.
Use an institutional system-to-system (S2S) solution to prepare and submit your application to Grants.gov and eRA Commons to track your application. Check with your institutional officials regarding availability.
Use Grants.gov Workspace to prepare and submit your application and eRA Commons to track your application.
Section I. Funding Opportunity Description
Section II. Award Information
Section IV. Application and Submission Information
Section V. Application Review Information
Section VI. Award Administration Information
Section VII. Agency Contacts
Section VIII. Other Information
Specific Areas of Research Interest for NIMHD:
NIMHD is interested in projects that examine the role of "place" (e.g., U.S. Census regions, states, counties, cities, neighborhoods, rural geographies, and locations across the urban-rural continuum) in health that will create actionable knowledge to address geographic disparities for NIH-designated populations that experience health disparities in the United States: African American/Black, Latino/Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian American, and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander persons, less privileged socioeconomic groups, underserved rural populations, and sexual and gender minority (SGMs) groups. NIMHD encourages projects that use approaches encompassing multiple domains of influence (e.g., biological, behavioral, physical/built environment, sociocultural environment, and healthcare system) and multiple levels of influence (e.g., individual, interpersonal, community, and societal) to understand and address health disparities (see the NIMHD Research Framework, https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/about/overview/research-framework.html, for more information).
Of particular interest are a variety of place-based and spatially patterned factors that may explain geographic patterns of earlier onset or more aggressive progression in mid-life mortality and morbidity for
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recently released an NIA-sponsored Consensus Study Report entitled "High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working Age Adults" that examined explanations for recent declines in U.S. life expectancy. The study finds that recent declines in life expectancy in the United States were the result of two mortality trends impacting the "working age" population (i.e., those aged 25-64). First, working age mortality increased for drug- and alcohol-related causes and suicide beginning in the 1990s. Second, mortality declines in other causes of death, most notably cardiometabolic diseases, stalled among the working-age population after 2010. Initial research on this phenomenon focused on the experience of middle-aged non-Hispanic Whites (especially women) with low levels of education and those living in rural areas. The study highlights that an increase in midlife mortality has since extended to most racial/ethnic groups (e.g., Blacks and African Americans and Latinos) and in most areas of the country. The study also identified large differences in life expectancy by "place," including geographic regions such as U.S. Census regions, metropolitan areas, and states and counties. In many cases, place-based inequalities have actually grown over the past several decades. These troubling domestic trends are also coupled with declines in the United States' international standing, as U.S. life expectancy for both non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black and African American men and women have fallen further and further behind peer countries.
While the Consensus Study is rich in descriptions of levels of, and trends in, health inequalities by place, it does not provide definitive answers as to what social, economic, behavioral, and institutional (i.e., policy at all levels) factors are responsible for these patterns. Understanding the fundamental causes of such inequalities—and the mechanisms through which they impact health—is essential to redressing them. For example, the Consensus Study (Chapter 7) finds that some of the areas where drug poisoning mortality rates have increased the most (e.g., parts of Appalachia) are also areas that have experienced economic depression related to mining and manufacturing job losses. However, the specific pathways that might link spatially concentrated economic depression and lethal drug poisonings have not been carefully evaluated. Understanding the unique roles of factors at multiple levels (e.g., individual versus community-level financial strain) as well as how factors at different levels interact (e.g., individual-level pain and disability (micro), presence of "pill mills" in the community (meso), and federal approval of OxyContin (macro)) provides critical information to policymakers about how to best address place-based inequalities. Depending on the pathways implicated (and their relative strength) policymakers might focus on tighter pharmaceutical regulation, non-pharmacological management of pain, job retraining for low-skilled workers, or some combination thereof.
Understanding the social, economic, behavioral, and institutional (i.e., policy at all levels) factors that drive place-based differences in mid-life morbidity and mortality is also critical to addressing health inequalities by race, ethnicity, and other characteristics. For example, place-based discriminatory policies such as redlining and housing covenants may have durable impacts on places even after the policies themselves have disappeared. This may occur through processes such as wealth accrual and changing housing values, which impact individuals' capacity to weather contemporary economic challenges. Place-based factors also operate via impacts on the built environment, environmental pollution, transportation, employment, and education, which may impact access to (and quality of) health care, health behaviors, and experiences of psychosocial stress. In addition, recent work suggests that the size of health disparities for factors such as income depend on where one lives. Understanding why social gradients in health are modified by place (i.e., why being poor or low-educated is worse in some areas than others) can provide actionable information to reduce health disparities.
Finally, answering these critical questions about the role of place in mid-life health requires additional data infrastructure investments and enhancements to existing studies. For example, nationally representative survey designs generally cannot support analyses that focus on variation between smaller geographic units and rural areas. Enhancing existing studies with oversamples of rural areas and other areas where particular populations cluster (e.g., sexual and gender minorities (SGM), racial and ethnic minorities, immigrants) can provide researchers with adequately powered samples to investigate critical questions about the role of places in health, including among disadvantaged groups. Further, the integration of contextual data that capture mechanisms that are hypothesized to impact health, but are not currently included in existing datasets, may help to clarify place-based factors that influence health. For example, the incorporation of information on local zoning laws regulating the sale of fast food and alcohol with existing studies that contain information on health behaviors could inform whether such regulations are effective strategies for addressing obesity and alcohol use.
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) supports secondary data analyses and/or data collection/enhancements to existing datasets about the role of "place" (e.g., countries, U.S. Census regions, states, counties, neighborhoods, and locations across the urban-rural continuum) in health that will create actionable knowledge to address geographic, racial/ethnic, and other relevant health disparities. Secondary data analyses appropriate for this FOA include those that: 1) clarify social, economic, behavioral, and institutional (e.g., federal to local government policies/programs, firm/industry practices, etc.) explanations for place-based health disparities (levels and trends) and/or 2) examine intersections between place and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity, etc.) to better understand and address processes driving other health disparities. Applications including secondary data analysis must move beyond describing place-based health disparities to interrogating explanations and identifying potential modifiable mechanisms, consistent with the recommendations of the 2019 National Advisory Council on Aging Review of NIA's Division of Behavioral and Social Research. Analytic approaches that utilize quasi-experimental and other methods that yield causal estimates are preferred, though mixed methods projects that inform mechanistic insights and/or data enhancements are also appropriate. Multilevel analyses that enable the joint and synergistic examination of macro-, meso-, and individual-level factors are also encouraged. Applicatants are encouraged to consult the NIA Health Disparities Research Framework to learn about NIA priority populations, multilevel factors, and the integration of a life course perspective.
Secondary data analysis topics that fall within the scope of this FOA include, but are not limited to, those that:
Consider a variety of place-based and spatially patterned factors that may explain geographic patterns in mid-life mortality and morbidity, such as economic conditions, family structure, social integration, and religiosity;
Conduct cross-national comparisons to understand why mid-life mortality trends and inequalities differ among the United States and other high-income countries;
Explain heterogeneity in health outcomes among rural areas;
Identify factors that explain why the size of social gradients (e.g., education, income, race, ethnicity) in health differ by place;
Examine state and local-level differences in death certification and implications for understanding mortality trends and differences by place; and/or
Quantify the role of place-based early- and mid-life risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD).
Data collection and enhancement activities that fall within the scope of this FOA include, but are not limited to, those that:
Augment existing studies to increase sample sizes in rural areas and racial and ethnic sub-groups clustered in particular geographic areas;
Integrate historical records and other sources of contextual data (e.g., pollution, crime, transportation, zoning, local policy) that capture the demographic, social, environmental, economic, and political factors embedded in specific places;
Collect residential histories that capture internal and international physical mobility; and/or
Include new measurement approaches and/or data collection components (e.g., experience sampling, daily diaries, sensors, and other forms of capture of individual behavior such as purchasing behavior and actigraphy) that help to elucidate psychosocial and behavioral processes through which places impact health.
Resources for Applicants
Data Resources for Behavioral and Social Research on Aging
Measures Repositories (PhenX Toolkit, NIH Toolbox, Stress Measurement Toolbox)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine Consensus Study Report, "High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working Age Adults"
Non-Responsiveness Criteria
Applications that describe place-based health disparities, but do not include a focus on identifying underlying modifiable processes or mechanisms that could inform policy are considered not responsive to this FOA.
Life course approaches are supported, but applications proposing analysis of data/data collection solely from childhood or young adulthood are considered not responsive to this FOA.
Response to Frequently Asked Questions about this FOA will be posted here: https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dbsr/behavioral-and-social-research-funding-opportunities-and-applicant-resources.
See Section VIII. Other Information for award authorities and regulations.
Funding Instrument
Grant: A support mechanism providing money, property, or both to an eligible entity to carry out an approved project or activity.
Application Types Allowed
The OER Glossary and the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide provide details on these application types. Only those application types listed here are allowed for this FOA.
Clinical Trial?
Not Allowed: Only accepting applications that do not propose clinical trials.
Need help determining whether you are doing a clinical trial?
Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards
NIA intends to commit $3,300,000 in FY 2023 to fund up to 5 awards.
NIMHD intends to commit $1.2 Million in FY 2023 to fund 2 awards.
Award Budget
Application budgets are limited to $400,000 per year in direct costs and need to reflect the actual needs of the proposed project.
Award Project Period
The scope of the proposed project should determine the project period. The maximum project period is 5 years.
NIH grants policies as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement will apply to the applications submitted and awards made from this FOA.
1. Eligible Applicants
Eligible Organizations
Public/State Controlled Institutions of Higher Education
Private Institutions of Higher Education
The following types of Higher Education Institutions are always encouraged to apply for NIH support as Public or Private Institutions of Higher Education:
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs)
Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions
Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs)
Nonprofits Other Than Institutions of Higher Education
Nonprofits with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education)
Nonprofits without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education)
For-Profit Organizations (Other than Small Businesses)
City or Township Governments
Special District Governments
Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Federally Recognized)
Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized)
Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government
U.S. Territory or Possession
Public Housing Authorities/Indian Housing Authorities
Native American Tribal Organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments)
Faith-based or Community-based Organizations
Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entities (Foreign Institutions) are not eligible to apply.
Non-domestic (non-U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are eligible to apply.
Foreign components, as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, are allowed.
Required Registrations
Applicant organizations
Applicant organizations must complete and maintain the following registrations as described in the SF 424 (R&R) Application Guide to be eligible to apply for or receive an award. All registrations must be completed prior to the application being submitted. Registration can take 6 weeks or more, so applicants should begin the registration process as soon as possible. The NIH Policy on Late Submission of Grant Applications states that failure to complete registrations in advance of a due date is not a valid reason for a late submission.
Dun and Bradstreet Universal Numbering System (DUNS) - All registrations require that applicants be issued a DUNS number. After obtaining a DUNS number, applicants can begin both SAM and eRA Commons registrations. The same DUNS number must be used for all registrations, as well as on the grant application.
System for Award Management (SAM) – Applicants must complete and maintain an active registration, which requires renewal at least annually. The renewal process may require as much time as the initial registration. SAM registration includes the assignment of a Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code for domestic organizations which have not already been assigned a CAGE Code.
NATO Commercial and Government Entity (NCAGE) Code – Foreign organizations must obtain an NCAGE code (in lieu of a CAGE code) in order to register in SAM.
eRA Commons - Applicants must have an active DUNS number to register in eRA Commons. Organizations can register with the eRA Commons as they are working through their SAM or Grants.gov registration, but all registrations must be in place by time of submission. eRA Commons requires organizations to identify at least one Signing Official (SO) and at least one Program Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) account in order to submit an application.
Grants.gov – Applicants must have an active DUNS number and SAM registration in order to complete the Grants.gov registration.
Program Directors/Principal Investigators (PD(s)/PI(s))
All PD(s)/PI(s) must have an eRA Commons account. PD(s)/PI(s) should work with their organizational officials to either create a new account or to affiliate their existing account with the applicant organization in eRA Commons. If the PD/PI is also the organizational Signing Official, they must have two distinct eRA Commons accounts, one for each role. Obtaining an eRA Commons account can take up to 2 weeks.
Any individual(s) with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research as the Program Director(s)/Principal Investigator(s) (PD(s)/PI(s)) is invited to work with his/her organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. See, Reminder: Notice of NIH's Encouragement of Applications Supporting Individuals from Underrepresented Ethnic and Racial Groups as well as Individuals with Disabilities (NOT-OD-22-019).
For institutions/organizations proposing multiple PDs/PIs, visit the Multiple Program Director/Principal Investigator Policy and submission details in the Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Component of the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
2. Cost Sharing
This FOA does not require cost sharing as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
3. Additional Information on Eligibility
Applicant organizations may submit more than one application, provided that each application is scientifically distinct.
The NIH will not accept duplicate or highly overlapping applications under review at the same time, per 2.3.7.4 Submission of Resubmission Application. This means that the NIH will not accept:
A new (A0) application that is submitted before issuance of the summary statement from the review of an overlapping new (A0) or resubmission (A1) application.
A resubmission (A1) application that is submitted before issuance of the summary statement from the review of the previous new (A0) application.
An application that has substantial overlap with another application pending appeal of initial peer review (see 2.3.9.4 Similar, Essentially Identical, or Identical Applications).
1. Requesting an Application Package
The application forms package specific to this opportunity must be accessed through ASSIST, Grants.gov Workspace or an institutional system-to-system solution. Links to apply using ASSIST or Grants.gov Workspace are available in Part 1 of this FOA. See your administrative office for instructions if you plan to use an institutional system-to-system solution.
2. Content and Form of Application Submission
It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the Research (R) Instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide except where instructed in this funding opportunity announcement to do otherwise. Conformance to the requirements in the Application Guide is required and strictly enforced. Applications that are out of compliance with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.
Although a letter of intent is not required, is not binding, and does not enter into the review of a subsequent application, the information that it contains allows IC staff to estimate the potential review workload and plan the review.
By the date listed in Part 1. Overview Information, prospective applicants are asked to submit a letter of intent that includes the following information:
Descriptive title of proposed activity
Name(s), address(es), and telephone number(s) of the PD(s)/PI(s)
Names of other key personnel
Participating institution(s)
Number and title of this funding opportunity
The letter of intent should be sent to:
Amelia Karraker, Ph.D.
Email: Amelia.Karraker@nih.gov
Page Limitations
All page limitations described in the SF424 Application Guide and the Table of Page Limits must be followed.
Instructions for Application Submission
The following section supplements the instructions found in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide and should be used for preparing an application to this FOA.
SF424(R&R) Cover
All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed.
SF424(R&R) Project/Performance Site Locations
SF424(R&R) Other Project Information
SF424(R&R) Senior/Key Person Profile
R&R or Modular Budget
R&R Subaward Budget
PHS 398 Cover Page Supplement
PHS 398 Research Plan
All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed, with the following additional instructions:
If including secondary data analysis, the Research Strategy must move beyond describing place-based health disparities to identifying mechanisms that inform approaches to address poor mid-life health and health disparities.
If the application includes a targeted/oversample of a particular place or population, this choice must be justified.
If the application includes data collection and/or enhancements, the application must explain how the data (newly produced or integrated with existing data) will enhance understanding of the social, economic, behavioral, and policy factors driving place-based differences in health and/or clarify place-based processes driving other health disparities.
Resource Sharing Plan: Individuals are required to comply with the instructions for the Resource Sharing Plans as provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
The following modifications also apply:
All applications, regardless of the amount of direct costs requested for any one year, must address Resource Sharing Plans, including (1) a Data Sharing Plan; (2) Sharing Model Organisms; and (3) a Genomic Data Sharing Plan (GDS).. The plans should provide details for what will be shared, how it will be organized to enhance the user experience, and any limitations/restrictions on access to resources and data produced by the project. If the project includes data enhancements or produces longitudinal data from existing sources, the data sharing plan should ensure maximum availability to the research community beyond the study team (accounting for human subjects considerations).
Data Dissemination Guidelines
Any application producing data must include a data sharing plan that addresses NIA Guidance on Sharing Data and other Resources.
If applicable, information that must be included for applications including primary data can be found at the NIA-funded National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging Deposit Checklist.
NIA defines "data" as final data on which a publication is based, usually presented in summary form in a publication. These may include image libraries, video, and audio recordings, or other derivatives of data that are relevant to the research being reported. In general, sufficient materials must be made available to allow replication and/or productive secondary analysis of the data. Except in cases where human subjects considerations do not allow data sharing, raw data or minimally processed data must be shared in a timely manner
Only limited Appendix materials are allowed. Follow all instructions for the Appendix as described in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information
When involving human subjects research, clinical research, and/or NIH-defined clinical trials (and when applicable, clinical trials research experience) follow all instructions for the PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information form in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide, with the following additional instructions:
If you answered "Yes" to the question "Are Human Subjects Involved?" on the R&R Other Project Information form, you must include at least one human subjects study record using the Study Record: PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information form or Delayed Onset Study record.
Study Record: PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information
Delayed Onset Study
Note: Delayed onset does NOT apply to a study that can be described but will not start immediately (i.e., delayed start).All instructions in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide must be followed.
PHS Assignment Request Form
3. Unique Entity Identifier and System for Award Management (SAM)
See Part 1. Section III.1 for information regarding the requirement for obtaining a unique entity identifier and for completing and maintaining active registrations in System for Award Management (SAM), NATO Commercial and Government Entity (NCAGE) Code (if applicable), eRA Commons, and Grants.gov
4. Submission Dates and Times
Part I. Overview Information contains information about Key Dates and times. Applicants are encouraged to submit applications before the due date to ensure they have time to make any application corrections that might be necessary for successful submission. When a submission date falls on a weekend or Federal holiday, the application deadline is automatically extended to the next business day.
Organizations must submit applications to Grants.gov (the online portal to find and apply for grants across all Federal agencies). Applicants must then complete the submission process by tracking the status of the application in the eRA Commons, NIH's electronic system for grants administration. NIH and Grants.gov systems check the application against many of the application instructions upon submission. Errors must be corrected and a changed/corrected application must be submitted to Grants.gov on or before the application due date and time. If a Changed/Corrected application is submitted after the deadline, the application will be considered late. Applications that miss the due date and time are subjected to the NIH Policy on Late Application Submission.
Applicants are responsible for viewing their application before the due date in the eRA Commons to ensure accurate and successful submission.
Information on the submission process and a definition of on-time submission are provided in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
5. Intergovernmental Review (E.O. 12372)
This initiative is not subject to intergovernmental review.
6. Funding Restrictions
All NIH awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Pre-award costs are allowable only as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
7. Other Submission Requirements and Information
Applications must be submitted electronically following the instructions described in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide. Paper applications will not be accepted.
Applicants must complete all required registrations before the application due date. Section III. Eligibility Information contains information about registration.
For assistance with your electronic application or for more information on the electronic submission process, visit How to Apply – Application Guide. If you encounter a system issue beyond your control that threatens your ability to complete the submission process on-time, you must follow the Dealing with System Issues guidance. For assistance with application submission, contact the Application Submission Contacts in Section VII.
Important reminders:
All PD(s)/PI(s) must include their eRA Commons ID in the Credential field of the Senior/Key Person Profile Component of the SF424(R&R) Application Package. Failure to register in the Commons and to include a valid PD/PI Commons ID in the credential field will prevent the successful submission of an electronic application to NIH. See Section III of this FOA for information on registration requirements.
The applicant organization must ensure that the DUNS number it provides on the application is the same number used in the organization's profile in the eRA Commons and for the System for Award Management. Additional information may be found in the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide.
See more tips for avoiding common errors.
Upon receipt, applications will be evaluated for completeness and compliance with application instructions by the Center for Scientific Review and responsiveness by components of participating organizations, NIH. Applications that are incomplete, non-compliant and/or nonresponsive will not be reviewed.
In order to expedite review, applicants are requested to notify the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Referral Office by email at ramesh.vemuri@nih.gov when the application has been submitted. Please include the FOA number and title, PD/PI name, and title of the application.
Post Submission Materials
Applicants are required to follow the instructions for post-submission materials, as described in the policy. Any instructions provided here are in addition to the instructions in the policy.
1. Criteria
Only the review criteria described below will be considered in the review process. Applications submitted to the NIH in support of the NIH mission are evaluated for scientific and technical merit through the NIH peer review system.
Reviewers will provide an overall impact score to reflect their assessment of the likelihood for the project to exert a sustained, powerful influence on the research field(s) involved, in consideration of the following review criteria and additional review criteria (as applicable for the project proposed).
Scored Review Criteria
Reviewers will consider each of the review criteria below in the determination of scientific merit, and give a separate score for each. An application does not need to be strong in all categories to be judged likely to have major scientific impact. For example, a project that by its nature is not innovative may be essential to advance a field.
Does the project address an important problem or a critical barrier to progress in the field? Is the prior research that serves as the key support for the proposed project rigorous? If the aims of the project are achieved, how will scientific knowledge, technical capability, and/or clinical practice be improved? How will successful completion of the aims change the concepts, methods, technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that drive this field?
How likely is it that the project will uncover mechanisms responsible for place-based and other health disparities? How likely is it that the study will contribute to informing approaches to address poor mid-life health and disparities therein?
If the project includes a targeted oversample or local sample, how well-justified is the population and/or place of interest?
Investigator(s)
Are the PD(s)/PI(s), collaborators, and other researchers well suited to the project? If Early Stage Investigators or those in the early stages of independent careers, do they have appropriate experience and training? If established, have they demonstrated an ongoing record of accomplishments that have advanced their field(s)? If the project is collaborative or multi-PD/PI, do the investigators have complementary and integrated expertise; are their leadership approach, governance and organizational structure appropriate for the project?
Does the application challenge and seek to shift current research or clinical practice paradigms by utilizing novel theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions? Are the concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions novel to one field of research or novel in a broad sense? Is a refinement, improvement, or new application of theoretical concepts, approaches or methodologies, instrumentation, or interventions proposed?
Are the overall strategy, methodology, and analyses well-reasoned and appropriate to accomplish the specific aims of the project? Have the investigators included plans to address weaknesses in the rigor of prior research that serves as the key support for the proposed project? Have the investigators presented strategies to ensure a robust and unbiased approach, as appropriate for the work proposed? Are potential problems, alternative strategies, and benchmarks for success presented? If the project is in the early stages of development, will the strategy establish feasibility and will particularly risky aspects be managed? Have the investigators presented adequate plans to address relevant biological variables, such as sex, for studies in vertebrate animals or human subjects?
If the project involves human subjects and/or NIH-defined clinical research, are the plans to address 1) the protection of human subjects from research risks, and 2) inclusion (or exclusion) of individuals on the basis of sex/gender, race, and ethnicity, as well as the inclusion or exclusion of individuals of all ages (including children and older adults), justified in terms of the scientific goals and research strategy proposed?
Reviewers will comment on whether the following Resource Sharing Plans, or the rationale for not sharing the following types of resources, are reasonable: (1) Data Sharing Plan; (2) Sharing Model Organisms; and (3) Genomic Data Sharing Plan (GDS). How adequate are the applicant's plans to share, organize, and store resources and data?
If the application includes secondary data analysis, does it move beyond describing place-based health disparities to identifying mechanisms that inform approaches to address poor mid-life health and health disparities?
If the application includes data collection and/or enhancements, is the data (newly produced or integrated with existing data) of adequate fit and quality to enhance understanding of the social, economic, behavioral, and policy factors driving place-based differences in health and/or clarify place-based processes driving other health disparities?
Will the scientific environment in which the work will be done contribute to the probability of success? Are the institutional support, equipment and other physical resources available to the investigators adequate for the project proposed? Will the project benefit from unique features of the scientific environment, subject populations, or collaborative arrangements?
Additional Review Criteria
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will evaluate the following additional items while determining scientific and technical merit, and in providing an overall impact score, but will not give separate scores for these items.
Protections for Human Subjects
For research that involves human subjects but does not involve one of the categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46, the committee will evaluate the justification for involvement of human subjects and the proposed protections from research risk relating to their participation according to the following five review criteria: 1) risk to subjects, 2) adequacy of protection against risks, 3) potential benefits to the subjects and others, 4) importance of the knowledge to be gained, and 5) data and safety monitoring for clinical trials.
For research that involves human subjects and meets the criteria for one or more of the categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46, the committee will evaluate: 1) the justification for the exemption, 2) human subjects involvement and characteristics, and 3) sources of materials. For additional information on review of the Human Subjects section, please refer to the Guidelines for the Review of Human Subjects.
Inclusion of Women, Minorities, and Individuals Across the Lifespan
When the proposed project involves human subjects and/or NIH-defined clinical research, the committee will evaluate the proposed plans for the inclusion (or exclusion) of individuals on the basis of sex/gender, race, and ethnicity, as well as the inclusion (or exclusion) of individuals of all ages (including children and older adults) to determine if it is justified in terms of the scientific goals and research strategy proposed. For additional information on review of the Inclusion section, please refer to the Guidelines for the Review of Inclusion in Clinical Research.
Vertebrate Animals
The committee will evaluate the involvement of live vertebrate animals as part of the scientific assessment according to the following criteria: (1) description of proposed procedures involving animals, including species, strains, ages, sex, and total number to be used; (2) justifications for the use of animals versus alternative models and for the appropriateness of the species proposed; (3) interventions to minimize discomfort, distress, pain and injury; and (4) justification for euthanasia method if NOT consistent with the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. Reviewers will assess the use of chimpanzees as they would any other application proposing the use of vertebrate animals. For additional information on review of the Vertebrate Animals section, please refer to the Worksheet for Review of the Vertebrate Animal Section.
Resubmissions
Additional Review Considerations
As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will consider each of the following items, but will not give scores for these items, and should not consider them in providing an overall impact score.
Applications from Foreign Organizations
Select Agent Research
Reviewers will assess the information provided in this section of the application, including 1) the Select Agent(s) to be used in the proposed research, 2) the registration status of all entities where Select Agent(s) will be used, 3) the procedures that will be used to monitor possession use and transfer of Select Agent(s), and 4) plans for appropriate biosafety, biocontainment, and security of the Select Agent(s).
Authentication of Key Biological and/or Chemical Resources
For projects involving key biological and/or chemical resources, reviewers will comment on the brief plans proposed for identifying and ensuring the validity of those resources.
Budget and Period of Support
Reviewers will consider whether the budget and the requested period of support are fully justified and reasonable in relation to the proposed research.
2. Review and Selection Process
Applications will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit by (an) appropriate Scientific Review Group(s) convened by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), in accordance with NIH peer review policy and procedures, using the stated review criteria. Assignment to a Scientific Review Group will be shown in the eRA Commons.
As part of the scientific peer review, all applications will receive a written critique.
Applications may undergo a selection process in which only those applications deemed to have the highest scientific and technical merit (generally the top half of applications under review) will be discussed and assigned an overall impact score.
Appeals of initial peer review will not be accepted for applications submitted in response to this FOA.
Applications will be assigned to the appropriate NIH Institute or Center. Applications will compete for available funds with all other recommended applications submitted in response to this FOA. Following initial peer review, recommended applications will receive a second level of review by the National Advisory Council on Aging. The following will be considered in making funding decisions:
Scientific and technical merit of the proposed project as determined by scientific peer review.
Availability of funds.
Relevance of the proposed project to program priorities.
Compliance with resource and data sharing requirements.
3. Anticipated Announcement and Award Dates
After the peer review of the application is completed, the PD/PI will be able to access his or her Summary Statement (written critique) via the eRA Commons. Refer to Part 1 for dates for peer review, advisory council review, and earliest start date.
Information regarding the disposition of applications is available in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
1. Award Notices
If the application is under consideration for funding, NIH will request "just-in-time" information from the applicant as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
A formal notification in the form of a Notice of Award (NoA) will be provided to the applicant organization for successful applications. The NoA signed by the grants management officer is the authorizing document and will be sent via email to the recipient's business official.
Recipients must comply with any funding restrictions described in Section IV.6. Funding Restrictions. Selection of an application for award is not an authorization to begin performance. Any costs incurred before receipt of the NoA are at the recipient's risk. These costs may be reimbursed only to the extent considered allowable pre-award costs.
Any application awarded in response to this FOA will be subject to terms and conditions found on the Award Conditions and Information for NIH Grants website. This includes any recent legislation and policy applicable to awards that is highlighted on this website.
Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee Approval: Recipient institutions must ensure that protocols are reviewed by their IRB or IEC. To help ensure the safety of participants enrolled in NIH-funded studies, the recipient must provide NIH copies of documents related to all major changes in the status of ongoing protocols.
2. Administrative and National Policy Requirements
All NIH grant and cooperative agreement awards include the NIH Grants Policy Statement as part of the NoA. For these terms of award, see the NIH Grants Policy Statement Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart A: General and Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart B: Terms and Conditions for Specific Types of Grants, Recipients, and Activities, including of note, but not limited to:
Federalwide Research Terms and Conditions
Prohibition on Certain Telecommunications and Video Surveillance Services or Equipment
Acknowledgment of Federal Funding
If a recipient is successful and receives a Notice of Award, in accepting the award, the recipient agrees that any activities under the award are subject to all provisions currently in effect or implemented during the period of the award, other Department regulations and policies in effect at the time of the award, and applicable statutory provisions.
Recipients of federal financial assistance (FFA) from HHS must administer their programs in compliance with federal civil rights laws that prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability, age and, in some circumstances, religion, conscience, and sex. This includes ensuring programs are accessible to persons with limited English proficiency. The HHS Office for Civil Rights provides guidance on complying with civil rights laws enforced by HHS. Please see https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-providers/provider-obligations/index.html and http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/civilrights/understanding/section1557/index.html.
HHS recognizes that research projects are often limited in scope for many reasons that are nondiscriminatory, such as the principal investigator's scientific interest, funding limitations, recruitment requirements, and other considerations. Thus, criteria in research protocols that target or exclude certain populations are warranted where nondiscriminatory justifications establish that such criteria are appropriate with respect to the health or safety of the subjects, the scientific study design, or the purpose of the research. For additional guidance regarding how the provisions apply to NIH grant programs, please contact the Scientific/Research Contact that is identified in Section VII under Agency Contacts of this FOA.
Recipients of FFA must ensure that their programs are accessible to persons with limited English proficiency. HHS provides guidance to recipients of FFA on meeting their legal obligation to take reasonable steps to provide meaningful access to their programs by persons with limited English proficiency. Please see https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-individuals/special-topics/limited-english-proficiency/fact-sheet-guidance/index.html and https://www.lep.gov. For further guidance on providing culturally and linguistically appropriate services, recipients should review the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care at https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=2&lvlid=53.
Recipients of FFA also have specific legal obligations for serving qualified individuals with disabilities. Please see http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/civilrights/understanding/disability/index.html.
HHS funded health and education programs must be administered in an environment free of sexual harassment. Please see https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-individuals/sex-discrimination/index.html; https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/shguide.html; and https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/publications/upload/fs-sex.pdf. For information about NIH's commitment to supporting a safe and respectful work environment, who to contact with questions or concerns, and what NIH's expectations are for institutions and the individuals supported on NIH-funded awards, please see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/harassment.htm.
Recipients of FFA must also administer their programs in compliance with applicable federal religious nondiscrimination laws and applicable federal conscience protection and associated anti-discrimination laws. Collectively, these laws prohibit exclusion, adverse treatment, coercion, or other discrimination against persons or entities on the basis of their consciences, religious beliefs, or moral convictions. Please see https://www.hhs.gov/conscience/conscience-protections/index.html and https://www.hhs.gov/conscience/religious-freedom/index.html.
Please contact the HHS Office for Civil Rights for more information about obligations and prohibitions under federal civil rights laws at https://www.hhs.gov/ocr/about-us/contact-us/index.html or call 1-800-368-1019 or TDD 1-800-537-7697.
In accordance with the statutory provisions contained in Section 872 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act of Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110-417), NIH awards will be subject to the Federal Awardee Performance and Integrity Information System (FAPIIS) requirements. FAPIIS requires Federal award making officials to review and consider information about an applicant in the designated integrity and performance system (currently FAPIIS) prior to making an award. An applicant, at its option, may review information in the designated integrity and performance systems accessible through FAPIIS and comment on any information about itself that a Federal agency previously entered and is currently in FAPIIS. The Federal awarding agency will consider any comments by the applicant, in addition to other information in FAPIIS, in making a judgement about the applicant's integrity, business ethics, and record of performance under Federal awards when completing the review of risk posed by applicants as described in 45 CFR Part 75.205 and 2 CFR Part 200.206 "Federal awarding agency review of risk posed by applicants." This provision will apply to all NIH grants and cooperative agreements except fellowships.
Cooperative Agreement Terms and Conditions of Award
3. Reporting
When multiple years are involved, recipients will be required to submit the Research Performance Progress Report (RPPR) annually and financial statements as required in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
A final RPPR, invention statement, and the expenditure data portion of the Federal Financial Report are required for closeout of an award, as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement. NIH FOAs outline intended research goals and objectives. Post award, NIH will review and measure performance based on the details and outcomes that are shared within the RPPR, as described at 45 CFR Part 75.301 and 2 CFR Part 200.301.
The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 (Transparency Act), includes a requirement for recipients of Federal grants to report information about first-tier subawards and executive compensation under Federal assistance awards issued in FY2011 or later. All recipients of applicable NIH grants and cooperative agreements are required to report to the Federal Subaward Reporting System (FSRS) available at www.fsrs.gov on all subawards over the threshold. See the NIH Grants Policy Statement for additional information on this reporting requirement.
In accordance with the regulatory requirements provided at 45 CFR 75.113 and 2 CFR Part 200.113 and Appendix XII to 45 CFR Part 75 and 2 CFR Part 200, recipients that have currently active Federal grants, cooperative agreements, and procurement contracts from all Federal awarding agencies with a cumulative total value greater than $10,000,000 for any period of time during the period of performance of a Federal award, must report and maintain the currency of information reported in the System for Award Management (SAM) about civil, criminal, and administrative proceedings in connection with the award or performance of a Federal award that reached final disposition within the most recent five-year period. The recipient must also make semiannual disclosures regarding such proceedings. Proceedings information will be made publicly available in the designated integrity and performance system (currently FAPIIS). This is a statutory requirement under section 872 of Public Law 110-417, as amended (41 U.S.C. 2313). As required by section 3010 of Public Law 111-212, all information posted in the designated integrity and performance system on or after April 15, 2011, except past performance reviews required for Federal procurement contracts, will be publicly available. Full reporting requirements and procedures are found in Appendix XII to 45 CFR Part 75 and 2 CFR Part 200 – Award Term and Condition for Recipient Integrity and Performance Matters.
We encourage inquiries concerning this funding opportunity and welcome the opportunity to answer questions from potential applicants.
Application Submission Contacts
eRA Service Desk (Questions regarding ASSIST, eRA Commons, application errors and warnings, documenting system problems that threaten submission by the due date, and post-submission issues)
Finding Help Online: http://grants.nih.gov/support/ (preferred method of contact)
Telephone: 301-402-7469 or 866-504-9552 (Toll Free)
General Grants Information (Questions regarding application instructions, application processes, and NIH grant resources)
Email: GrantsInfo@nih.gov (preferred method of contact)
Grants.gov Customer Support (Questions regarding Grants.gov registration and Workspace)
Contact Center Telephone: 800-518-4726
Email: support@grants.gov
Scientific/Research Contact(s)
Email:Amelia.Karraker@nih.gov
Nancy L. Jones, Ph.D.
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
Email: Nancy.Jones@nih.gov
Peer Review Contact(s)
Ramesh Vemuri, Ph.D.
Email: Ramesh.Vemuri@nih.gov
Financial/Grants Management Contact(s)
Megan Hancock
Email: Megan.Hancock@nih.gov
Priscilla Grant, J.D.
Email: pg38h@nih.gov
Recently issued trans-NIH policy notices may affect your application submission. A full list of policy notices published by NIH is provided in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. All awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.
Authority and Regulations
Awards are made under the authorization of Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 45 CFR Part 75 and 2 CFR Part 200.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
October Progress Report
by Susan SpilkaOctober 19, 2015All, CHORUS Updates
Open for Public Access
October marks the one year anniversary of when the Department of Energy's public access plan went into effect. CHORUS is celebrating #oaweek by continuing our work, which advanced significantly this month. We're pleased to report that ten publisher members have now fully implemented CHORUS, and are providing public access to the best available versions of articles reporting on federally funded research post embargo. As of this writing, CHORUS monitors over 171,000 articles for public access and long-term availability, more than 32,000 of which are already freely available to the public (see current statistics, which increase daily).
Open for Collaboration
Substantial investments made by the scholarly community over the past 15 years — in organizations like CrossRef and their FundRef service, ORCID, CLOCKSS, Portico, manuscript tracking systems, publisher platforms, and more — have created an open, interoperable, and scalable communications infrastructure to support the scholarly research cycle. CHORUS builds on this framework by integrating existing systems, services, and open APIs with new systems, services, and our own open APIs.
CHORUS' Agency Dashboard open API now allows users to query our system to obtain all of the metadata contained in our public Agency Dashboards. Our new Find CrossRef FundRef ID — US Agencies tool makes finding the CrossRef FundRef IDs for US funding agencies convenient and easy.
Open for Membership
CHORUS is now offering Publisher Dashboards as a no-cost members-only service so you can keep track of your organization's public-access compliance. When you take advantage of this new service, we will create a customized dashboard that provides a confidential view of CHORUS audit results for public access, license terms availability, and long-term preservation arrangements for your content in our system. The Publisher Dashboards provide both aggregated data and a path to the actual articles, and are updated daily.
CHORUS is accepting membership applications for 2016. It's a perfect time to join and show your support of broad-based public access and solutions that are sustainable for all of the major stakeholders in the scholarly publishing ecosystem. Please get in touch, ask questions or make a suggestion… even challenge us! We truly believe that open, unbiased collaboration is integral to innovation and the future of scholarly communications.
Learn more about us at these upcoming industry events. CHORUS will be presenting at:
Charleston Conference, November 4-7, 2015, Charleston, SC
The Chicago Collaborative, November 9, 2015, Baltimore, MD
eXtyles User Group Meeting (XUG 2015), November 12, 2015, Cambridge, MA
CrossRef Annual Meeting, November 17-18, Boston, MA
And save the date for the CHORUS First Annual Members Meeting, February 3, 2016, Washington, DC


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Kittlitz's Murrelet occurs in coastal areas of Alaska and Russia that border the Bering and Othostk Seas. The global population of this species is estimated between 30,000 and 82,000 individuals. Although it was previously rated as Critically Endagered because of perceived sharp population declines, further studies have indicated that the population is larger and more stable than expected. Nevertheless, the species is still in decline and has been given an IUCN conservation rating of Near Threatened.
Kittlitz's Murrelet: This species breeds on coastlines of the Bering Sea from northern Alaska, along the Aleutian archipelago, and along the southeastern Alaskan coast. It also breeds in similar habitats of northern Asia. They nest on talus slopes of high mountains and winter on ocean waters and glacier bays.
The critically endangered Kittlitz's Murrelet is unusual for seabirds in that it is not colonial, nesting instead in isolated locations on mountain tops.
The common name for this species commemorates the German zoologist Heinrich von Kittlitz, who collected the first specimen.
This bird was known by Native Americans for many years before ornithologists, skeptical of their existence, were convinced to research them.


It is no doubt that the lace wigs are my perfect choice of my friend, I like the simple and chic design, also the good 100% human hair fabric. Of course, the most attractive is the reasonable price.
Wow! The attractive wig is very splendid with such nice curly pattern. Made in capless pattern it is very nice and wonderful.
I am always fascinated with curls and the wig is just meant to suit me and my personality.
This wig is very pretty and the lace is very soft and the hair is nice, if you want to buy it get it!
I bought it to use for photo shoots and so far photographers are very happy with it. It isn't super shiny and fake looking which is what I was most afraid of, and the waves are very pretty.
When people compliment my hair and I tell them I was wearing a wig, they are shocked. Overall, great wig. I might purchase it in another colour.
I definitely look and feel younger with this wig. It is sooo handy for those bad hair days. I am back to college and feel better with this wig on my head.
This wig draws so much attention!!!! Be ready to answer to "who does your hair?" Questions. If no one knows that you wear a wig this is the perfect wig to keep it a secret!!!! Thank you for the perfect wig!!!


The closest Martial Arts School is about 12.0 Miles away in Greene. This page is showing 67 Martial Arts Schools, Studios, Dojos & Clubs found within 50 Miles of Lisle. Most of these schools offer self defense classes for children, men and women. Some may also offer After School Karate for kids. Karate, Kick Boxing, Aikido, Tae Kwon Do & Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) are the top Martial Arts offered in Lisle area.
Chart based on style information available from 65 Martial Arts Schools in Lisle area.
Distance is showed approximately from the downtown area of Lisle, NY. Click on 'Map' next to a Dojo to see it on the Map. To see a list of Martial Arts and Self Defense classes near you, Search with your address.
Most of these Martial Arts Studios, clubs and gyms offer Karate classes for kids or Self Defense classes for children, men and women in Lisle area. If you are looking for classes or lessons near your address in Lisle, please use the following search box and see a list of Martial Arts Schools, clubs and organizations near you.
See Martial Arts Schools and classes in places around Lisle, New York: Whitney Point, Center Lisle, Killawog, Glen Aubrey, Marathon, Triangle, Lapeer.
If you are associated with a Martial Arts School, Club or Dojo in Lisle, please list it with dojos.info.


text:
The Lanyu Airport (; Tao: Seyseykedan No Sikoki No Irala ) is an airport on Orchid Island, Taitung County, Taiwan. The airport does not support night time flying except for emergency medical services flights.

History
The airport was initially controlled by the military, but is now under control of the Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) since 1977. Expansion was made to the airport in which it was completed in 1982. Since 1990, the CAA has initiated a series of development projects for further expansion and improvement of the airport.

Airlines and destinations

Incidents and accidents
 On 13 April 2017, Flight 55571, a DHC-6 of Daily Air, experienced a runway excursion and crashed into a guard rail. All of the passengers and flight crews were safe.
 On 7 June 2017, a DHC-6-400 of Daily Air experienced malfunction nose landing gear. All of the passengers and flight crews were safe.

See also
 Civil Aeronautics Administration (Taiwan)
 Transportation in Taiwan
 List of airports in Taiwan

References

External links

 About Lanyu Airport
 AIP Aeronautical Information Publication TAIPEI FIR eAIP CONSULT NOTAM for LATEST INFORMATION R.O.C. TAIWAN CAA

Airports in Taitung County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Image Title: Doors Windows Mid Century Modern Drapes For Bedroom With Curtains Ideas 2. Filename: doors-windows-mid-century-modern-drapes-for-bedroom-with-curtains-ideas-2.jpg. Image Dimension: 1024 x 695 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Johnnie Koepp. Uploaded Date: Friday - May 04th. 2018 07:38:11 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: decoist.com.
Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Doors Windows Mid Century Modern Drapes For Bedroom With Curtains Ideas 2"


You can learn a lot browsing among the posters at a scientific conference like last October's American Academy of Ophthalmology. One of the posters that caught our eye in Chicago answered the question: what is the financial value of a degree in ophthalmology?
The authors (from the Center for Value Based Medicine and from Emory University School of Medicine) calculated the "internal rate of return" (IRR—the annual return on an investment) on a variety of medical specialties, including ophthalmology. They based their calculation on the costs (including the cost of all post-graduate training and the salary foregone during training) and the average incomes of ophthalmologists. They also assumed a 4% annual raise.
They found that ophthalmologists had an IRR of 21.6%, meaning an annual return of $21.60 for every $100 spent on training. That's very good, but surgeons, anesthesiologists, and cardiologists did better (IRRs of 23% to 25%). And healthcare attorneys did better still (25.9%).
For more information, you can contact the authors of the study here: info@valuebasedmedicine.com.
I'm not sure what you mean by "full scope", but I suggest you contact the study's authors. (The link is at the end of the post.) I don't recall seeing a value for optometrists (only for MD specialties), but I could be wrong about that.


If Vin Baker re-signs this week as one source says will occur, it will eliminate the Knicks' longshot hope of having center Erick Dampier sign for the $4.9 million mid-level exception. Yes, one is related to the other, and that's been cause for the delay.
Once Baker signs for more than half of the mid-level, the Knicks could still get Dampier via a sign-and-trade with Golden State. However, the Warriors have rejected the latest Knicks' offers, and Isiah Thomas knows how difficult pulling off one summer sign-and-trade is – let alone two.
Goodwin predicted Baker's signing two weeks ago, and a source close to Thomas thought it would occur early last week. But when Dampier visited New York last Wednesday, claiming to be considering the Knicks' mid-level, Thomas paused. But it appears Dampier's remark was a strategic ploy to bump Atlanta's standing offer of $8M per and motivate the Warriors to deal.
The Nets did not announce signing of backup guard Ron Mercer as expected yesterday. The official announcement will come tomorrow.


Today's only CAN game was a Group B match between big boys Ivory Coast and Ghana. With Togo's departure from the competition – and this group – the winner of the match was assured a place in the next round.
Ivory Coast were the favorites for this tie and they proved their on-paper dominance with a great on-field display. Gervinho opened the scoring for them after twenty-three minutes and they were looking comfortable with little threat from the Ghanians. Ghana did fight back towards the end of the first half but they went in 1-0 down at the break.
In the second half Ghana made some changes to try to get back into this game and after fifty-five minutes they got their wish when Ivory Coast man Eboue was sent off for a needlessly aggressive double footed tackle – twenty yards inside his own half. Ghana's spirits were raised and they showed their intent when Amoah smashed a volley off the foot of the post less than a minute later.
Despite their ten men disadvantage the Ivory Coast weren't finished yet and they doubled their lead on sixty-seven minutes after a cracking free-kick from Tiene found its way into the top corner, before Drogba headed home a third on ninety minutes. Seconds later Ghana were awarded a penalty which Asamoah Gyan converted but the goal came far too late and was little more than a consolation.
Ivory Coast will now advance past the Group stage with Ghana needing a win against Burkina Faso to do the same.


text:
/* Types and constants shared between the generic and device dependent
 * device driver code.
 */

#define _POSIX_SOURCE      1	/* tell headers to include POSIX stuff */
#define _MINIX             1	/* tell headers to include MINIX stuff */
#define _SYSTEM		   1	/* get negative error number in <errno.h> */

/* The following are so basic, all the *.c files get them automatically. */
#include <minix/config.h>	/* MUST be first */
#include <ansi.h>		/* MUST be second */
#include <minix/type.h>
#include <minix/ipc.h>
#include <minix/com.h>
#include <minix/callnr.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <minix/const.h>
#include <minix/syslib.h>
#include <minix/sysutil.h>
#include <minix/endpoint.h>

#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <minix/partition.h>
#include <minix/u64.h>

/* Info about and entry points into the device dependent code. */
struct driver {
  _PROTOTYPE( char *(*dr_name), (void) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_open), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_close), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_ioctl), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
  _PROTOTYPE( struct device *(*dr_prepare), (int device) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_transfer), (int proc_nr, int opcode, u64_t position,
					iovec_t *iov, unsigned nr_req) );
  _PROTOTYPE( void (*dr_cleanup), (void) );
  _PROTOTYPE( void (*dr_geometry), (struct partition *entry) );
  _PROTOTYPE( void (*dr_alarm), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_cancel), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_select), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_other), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
  _PROTOTYPE( int (*dr_hw_int), (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
};

/* Base and size of a partition in bytes. */
struct device {
  u64_t dv_base;
  u64_t dv_size;
};

#define DRIVER_STD	0	/* Use the standard reply protocol */
#define DRIVER_ASYN	1	/* Use the new asynchronous protocol */

#define MAX_NR_OPEN_DEVICES 256

#define IS_DEV_MINOR_RQ(type) (IS_DEV_RQ(type) && (type) != DEV_STATUS)

/* Functions defined by driver.c: */
_PROTOTYPE( void driver_announce, (void) );
_PROTOTYPE( int driver_receive, (endpoint_t src, message *m_ptr,
	int *status_ptr) );
_PROTOTYPE( int driver_receive_mq, (message *m_ptr, int *status_ptr) );
_PROTOTYPE( void driver_task, (struct driver *dr, int type) );
_PROTOTYPE( int driver_mq_queue, (message *m_ptr, int status) );
_PROTOTYPE( void driver_init_buffer, (void) );
_PROTOTYPE( char *no_name, (void) );
_PROTOTYPE( int do_nop, (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
_PROTOTYPE( struct device *nop_prepare, (int device) );
_PROTOTYPE( void nop_cleanup, (void) );
_PROTOTYPE( void nop_task, (void) );
_PROTOTYPE( void nop_alarm, (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
_PROTOTYPE( int nop_cancel, (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
_PROTOTYPE( int nop_select, (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
_PROTOTYPE( int do_diocntl, (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );
_PROTOTYPE( int nop_ioctl, (struct driver *dp, message *m_ptr) );

/* Parameters for the disk drive. */
#define SECTOR_SIZE      512	/* physical sector size in bytes */
#define SECTOR_SHIFT       9	/* for division */
#define SECTOR_MASK      511	/* and remainder */

/* Size of the DMA buffer buffer in bytes. */
#define USE_EXTRA_DMA_BUF  0	/* usually not needed */
#define DMA_BUF_SIZE	(DMA_SECTORS * SECTOR_SIZE)

#if (CHIP == INTEL)
extern u8_t *tmp_buf;			/* the DMA buffer */
#else
extern u8_t tmp_buf[];			/* the DMA buffer */
#endif
extern phys_bytes tmp_phys;		/* phys address of DMA buffer */


text:
https://www.ourmidland.com/news/article/City-of-Midland-OKs-final-phase-of-nbsp-housing-13722870.php
City of Midland OKs final phase of housing development
Ashley Schafer, Ashley.Schafer@hearstnp.com
Updated 8:11 am EDT, Thursday, March 28, 2019
The space in yellow depicts the new land to be developed as part of Winding Creek Estates, located along Perrine Road in Midland. (Photo provided)
The final phase of Winding Creek Estates, a development in Midland that already contains more than 50 homes, has been approved by the city.
Located at 7800 Perrine Road, near Midland City Forest Park, Winding Creek currently contains 58 single-family residential homes.
On March 18, Midland City Council approved an additional development of 17 units, which was initiated by the development company Mid-Michigan Development.
This will be the third and final phase of the Winding Creek development, after the first phase began around 2005.
The new development will be a site condominium, rather than a platted subdivision, but will look virtually the same. This was done intentionally for two reasons, said Richard Fosgitt, the engineer for the development.
Fosgitt said that site condominiums have an easier path to approval than subdivisions and the condominium laws also provide a legal structure for the required homeowners association.
"Most developments now are going the site condominium route," he said.
On Feb. 26, a public hearing for the condominium development was held at a Midland Planning Commission meeting. However, the planning commission didn't approve the plans until its following meeting on March 12, contingent upon the finalization of certain criteria.
For example, a final stormwater management plan and permit must be approved by the City Engineering Department and sidewalks must be installed on both sides of Winding Creek Drive with proper ADA ramps at the intersection of Perrine Road.
Nicole Wilson, Midland's community development planner, stated at the Feb. 26 meeting that contingency items are typical of most site plan approvals.
One of the concerns of the commission regarding this development, was the concern of flooding, since the site is located in and around wetlands.
Commissioner Gayle Hanna said, "I really really question that there will be enough drainage to keep these people dry year-round in heavy rains. I don't think it's necessary to put a house there, right beside a wetland."
Fosgitt addressed the concerns about flooding, stating that they were addressed within the previous development plans.
"The concerns about basements and other things are all valid concerns but they're no different here than pretty much anywhere else in the community," he said.
Three people spoke during public comment with concerns relating to the type of housing and recent flooding events. All three people were current residents of Winding Creek.
Resident Amy Shifflett commented that in 2017 her home, which will border the new development, was flooded with five feet of water and most of her neighbors experienced flooding as well.
"So, certainly, flooding is a concern," she said.
But Shifflett's main concern was the value of her property going down, to which Fosgitt stated that other condos in Midland had some of the highest property values.
"So, I think the concern about property values is well unfounded," Fosgitt said.
Another resident, Justin Kime, echoed Shifflett's flooding concerns, speaking of his experience with flooding every spring.
"Every single year - I've lived there for three years now - every spring, (Sturgeon) Creek itself, floods during the melt," Kime said. "I have water up to the back of my house every single spring so far. So, flooding is a huge concern for us as well."
Due do the close proximity of the Sturgeon Creek and the floodplain that exists there, Fosgitt said he wasn't surprised about water in backyards.
"I can understand their concern," he said.
While residents and some of the commissioners had concerns, the approval was granted on the basis that the application met all of the standard requirements.


text:
See this 1956 Rover T3 gas turbine at Engineering Solutions Live!
A visit to the Engineering Materials Live event at the acclaimed British Motor Museum at Gaydon (immediately adjacent to the JLR and Aston Martin facilities) will allow you to view almost 300 of Great Britains' most interesting cars, including this one, for free!
The Rover gas-turbine development programme stemmed from work the company did on Whittle jet engines during the Second World War. Rover's first turbine car, built in 1950 and called JET 1, achieved more than 150 mph in speed tests at Jabbeke in Belgium in 1952. The T3 at the Museum was Rover's third turbine car, designed by Spencer King and Gordon Bashford. The turbine is rear-mounted and the chassis incorporates four-wheel-drive and De Dion rear suspension. The modified 2S/100 gas turbine has a centrifugal compressor which rotates at up to a maximum of 52,000 rpm. All this new technology was clothed in a pretty glass-fibre coupé body, and many ideas trialled here found a place in the Rover 2000 range of saloon cars. Among these were four-wheel disc brakes, all coil spring suspension and the De Dion suspension at the rear. The turbine car was a perfectly useable road car, even though paraffin consumption was unacceptably high, with fuel economy of just 13-14 miles to the gallon at best.
Pre-register now for your badge to visit Engineering Materials Live with!


Mariah is one of Dio's henchmen, and the user of Bast (often referred to as "Bastet"), which sets off a magnetization.
She is very calm and collected, only breaking this when things don't go according to plan. Mariah is well noted for her laugh and variety of facial expressions, as well as her attraction to older men.


You've come to the end of a long work work. It's time to unwind and recharge. You're ready to kick back with a beverage, watch a football game, or maybe even have the guys over for a poker night. However, it's hard to do just that without having a designated space to hang. You feel like you're getting in the way of the rest of your family. Well, FS Builders can fix that.
Our solution: The man cave.
A comfortable sofa and lounge chair that sit in front of a projection-screen TV.
A mini bar fully stocked.
Wooden round table with seating that's perfect for your poker nights.
A dart board hangs on the adjacent wall.
Recessed lighting provides a chill atmosphere.
Your very own restroom (where you can take as long as you'd like).
It's just the space that you've been dreaming about.
We know what you're thinking: " I don't have space for that!" or "I can't afford that!" But have you considered remodeling your unfinished basement? A basement is often a great place to create a man cave without having to do major construction or take over necessary bedrooms. It's set apart from the rest of the house, so you can have your time without disturbing anyone else (and from time to time, vice versa).
Also, if budget is a concern, know that basement remodeling is often more affordable than a home addition. It never hurts to get an on-site consultation and quote! Let FS Builders walk you through our remodeling process and give you some idea of what a basement remodel might cost. We'd be glad to help you crunch some numbers and see whether a basement remodel is in your near future.
To get one step closer to your man cave, contact FS Builders. We are the premier home-improvement contractor and log home builder serving Wisconsin and Illinois homeowners. Call us today at (262) 818-8802.