text:
Our Success Stories4
Recent Media Hits871
Consumer Choice Radio
CCC Podcast
Public Responses
Lifestyle/Consumer Goods
Cannabis Conclave 2020
Telecom and Media Innovation Summit
Brand Freedom Day
Media Roundtables: Does the WHO act
in the interest of Global Public Health?
#RegularNoCura
Post-Brexit opportunity: making the internet less annoying
In Digital, European Union, Recent Media, United Kingdom
They're cookies, and they're not the delicious kind: internet cookies pop up on every new website we click on. The pop-up often says something like this: "We use cookies to help our site work, to understand how it is used, and to tailor the adverts presented on our site. By clicking "Accept" below, you agree to us doing so. You can read more in our cookie notice. Or, if you do not agree, you can click "Manage" below to access other choices." What cookies do essentially is store information on your device on how and where you navigate on their website.
When retrieving the information from your device, the website knows what particularly caught your eye, and they can improve their website structure or marketing based on this data. However, cookies can also be useful to the user, in that it stores your password, and keeps you logged into your favourite social media platform or airline account. The way rules are today, you need to opt-in to allowing cookies to be stored.
It wasn't always that way. Prior to the "Citizen's Rights Directive", users were assumed to having opted-in to the sites cookie policy, automatically and then explicitly opted-out if they wished. In 2009, this directive changed the approach from an opt-out to an opt-in, as it was with the privacy directive since 2002. This has created a wave of annoying pop-ups, that can sometimes block half the screen, and deteriorate user experience.
Part of the directive sets the rules regarding cookie consent, and only implies two instances for implicit consent (meaning you are assumed consenting to the use of cookies), both relating to providing a service that the user specifically requested. For instance, an online shop remembering what you put into your shopping cart, does not need explicit consent.
The reformed privacy regulation of the European Union – ePrivacy Regulation – is set to come into effect this year, but no reform of cookie consent riles is planned. This would continue the cycle of annoying cookies. However, implementations can vary. Germany has an opt-out approach, so long as data collected by cookies immediately undergo pseudonymisation and are kept in a pseudonymised state. Your cookie disclaimer in Germany will also always state that continued use of the website implies consent.
But there is an easier option already on the market. A well-reflected reform would put all cookie use under implicit consent, with the knowledge that users can use often free and already existing software that allows them to opt-out of all cookie use that they deem unsuited for them. This allows consumers to take their data use into their own hands, without an unnecessary and ineffective pop-up on every website. This could also be an integrated feature in browsers, that would allow consumers to easily navigate their privacy rules in one centralised place.
This represents yet another way in which regulatory independence would allow the UK to diverge from bad EU policies.
Bill Wirtz is a Senior Policy Analyst for the Consumer Choice Centre.
Originally published here
MERCOSUR: More opportunities for the EU
In European Union, Free Trade, Recent Media
EU-Mercosur agreement will significantly boost trade between the EU and the Mercosur bloc. By giving the Mercosur bloc a preferential access to the European food market, the deal would allow European consumers to enjoy a greater choice of beef, poultry, sugar, and honey at a lower price. The EU-Mercosur FTA is undoubtedly a big win for consumer choice.
Attempts to block it on the grounds of climate change not only undermine the significance of this opportunity but also fail to realise the benefits following from this new trade relationship. These are numerous on both ends and include exports too. Duties on exports of wine and industrial goods from the EU would be reduced, meaning that the deal would give European exporters a considerable access to the Southern Common Market.
This should be kept in mind when considering voices against the deal: the EU would pass on the opportunity to grow, foster a closer relationship with a fast-growing foreign partner, and, most importantly, to bring cheaper products to consumers in the 4 Mercosur countries.
Moreover, in terms of much-feared agricultural imports, the deal would define a number of food imports that can be imported tariff-free or at a lower rate. Free trade agreements do not mean an unrestricted flow of goods from abroad. They aim to expand trade while retaining some regulations and keeping in mind potential challenges for domestic producers brought about by foreign competition.
Farmers should adapt to reality
Though these fears raised by farmers across the EU are highly exaggerated. For instance, in 2017, the EU produced about 15.0 million tonnes of poultry meat. Under the EU-Mercosur FTA, only 180,000 tonnes of poultry from the Mercosur would be allowed to be imported tariff-free. The numbers and rates are different and do take into consideration the state of food production in the EU. Therefore, seeing the deal as a dark hour for the agricultural sector in the EU is rather unjustified.
For the Mercosur countries, the historic deal with the EU would open the door to many other trade agreements across the world. Concluding a big trade agreement with such an important player in the field of international trade as the EU would attract other countries to the Mercosur and increase its bargaining power for future trade negotiations. Additionally, the deal would also encourage investments as well as boost consumer choice and enhance international cooperation.
Overall, the EU-Mercosur deal is an exciting opportunity for the EU to put the interests of European consumers first and to send a powerful pro-trade, pro-cooperation message to the world.
The EU-Mercosur deal is a chance to put consumers first
In European Union, Recent Media
The free trade agreement between the European Union and the South American trading bloc Mercosur (namely Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay) should be celebrated by consumers across the EU. Ideally, by dining out on the suddenly more affordable beef, poultry, sugar, and honey imported from the Mercosur countries. But before that meal comes, the EU-Mercosur free trade agreement (FTA) must undergo a complex ratification process.
Much has been said about the significance of the deal, and not without a reason: it's a historic event. With 93% of tariffs to be scrapped on both sides, the agreement will not only put cheaper and more diverse products on the shelves, it will also send a powerful pro-trade message to the world.
There have not been many significant global trade agreements since the Uruguay Round of 1986-1993. Every FTA should be thought of as an attempt to put consumers first. The fact that after 20 years of negotiations, the EU-Mercosur deal had been finally concluded signals a crucial thing: the EU has changed the rules of the game in favour of consumers and weakened the power of protectionists. This is a momentous victory as the EU's determination to protect domestic agriculture is well known and it has blocked numerous trade deals to date.
Winning the battle, however, is far from winning the war. The agricultural lobby will strike again on a member state level, and it is essential that national governments do not fall prey to their calls for special protection. Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar has already voiced his concerns that the deal would hurt the beef sector, which is why Ireland is inclined to vote against the deal. Yet the Mercosur bloc would only be able to export 99,000 tonnes of beef into Europe annually, with an average tariff of 7.5 per cent. Since Ireland alone produces 520,000 tonnes of beef annually, Varadkar's opposition to the deal seems political rather than economic.
All deals involve compromise and difficult choices. In terms of FTAs, the choice is either to protect a vulnerable sector from foreign competition at the expense of consumers, or to shift the benefits to consumers by weakening vested interests. By choosing the former, opponents of the EU-Mercosur FTA would prevent consumers from enjoying lower prices and, therefore, make them bear the costs. Not only is this unfair since consumers are a far larger group, but it also means that choosing protection is more politically profitable.
Why? Because there is an asymmetry of information in place: protected industries know what they are going to lose as a result of free trade agreements while consumers are unaware of how they might benefit them. They therefore have little incentive to organise against protectionists which allows policymakers to act at the whim of special interests.
It cannot go on like this anymore. The failure of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership negotiations and the hostile uncertainty around the current trade negotiations between the EU and the US are signs that the interests of European consumers have been ignored for too long. The EU-Mercosur deal is an fantastic opportunity to finally put consumers first.
The deal is perceived as a threat by many because they fail to recognise there is a difference between 'free trade' and a 'free trade agreement'. Free trade is the unhindered flow of domestic and foreign goods, and FTAs are far from this ideal. Trade agreements these days cover a broad spectrum of issues and represent a commitment to trade liberalisation mixed with a need to retain some regulations.
It's also important to remember that all changes following from the deal would be implemented over the course of five years. This would give domestic producers time to prepare for an increase in supply from abroad. In the meantime, consumers should keep an eye on the ratification process and continue to emphasise the values of international trade. Trade is about interstate cooperation, increased choice, and cheaper products. Trade agreements such as the EU-Mercosur deal make the world more open, more interconnected, and more peaceful. Now that is something worth celebrating.
Interview with Fred Roeder, an overview of the European medication Market
By Fred Roeder
In European Union, Pharmacies, Public Health, Recent Media, Science
European elections 2019: science at the polls
In the context of the European elections, European Scientist is bringing you an overview of experts from different countries on various topics around science and science policy in Europe, in order to provide a panorama and analysis, which will be useful for the next commission.
The Europeans Scientist: What does the European medication Market looks like at the moment? How about the regulation?
After the United States, Europe is the most important and innovative region for pharmaceutical breakthroughs. Five out of ten of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies are based in Europe (though only two of them in the EU after Brexit). The regulation and access to medicines in Europe is partially regulated by the EU and partially by Member States. To understand this better it's important to distinct between mere market authorization, which allows a drug manufacturer to sell its product in a country and pricing and reimbursement decisions which determine the price of the drug and whether the public health insurance covers it.
Market access decisions are either made by the EU or at least regulated uniformly. While the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is currently busy with moving from London to Amsterdam, it has also a central role in the medicines approval system within the EU, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway. If a pharmaceutical company seeks marketing authorization for an innovative drug in even just one EU Member State it has (in most cases) to apply centrally at the EMA for a marketing authorization. Generics and other medicines can be approved by national medicines agencies through either a decentralized method or by mutual recognition of existing marketing approvals in other Member States.
The decision on how much a pharmaceutical company, a wholesaler, and pharmacies can actually charge for drugs is made on either member state level or even on lower regional levels. Traditionally wealthier countries pay higher prices for drugs and cover more innovative medicine than less wealthy member states. There has been recently a push by Italy and also the World Health Organization to bring price controls on to a supranational level. Several EU countries already collaborate in the hope to have a higher bargaining power against pharmaceutical companies in the price negotiations.
ES: Is there a model to follow? Do you recommend more regulation and harmonisation or do you think that each state should keep its difference?
Different numbers show that innovative pharmaceutical companies make over 50% of their global profits in the United States. This has historically allowed Europe to have lower drug prices than the US. The current aggressive moves to bring drug prices even further down in several EU countries might severely harm the future pipeline for innovation in Europe. As a patient I am of course interested in cost control but I am even more interested in new drugs that are able to cure diseases we currently can't treat. Many politicians run a populist train of cutting profits for pharmaceutical companies. This sounds first sexy but might jeopardize future scientific breakthroughs.
ES: What are your recommendations for the next Commission?
During the stalled TTIP talks there were good idea about more regulatory harmonization between the US FDA and Europe's EMA. It would be good if the next Commission picks up these conversations and pushes for mutually recognizing market approvals of FDA and EMA. This would put both regulators under competitive pressure: Drug companies would seek approval first at the regulator that promises a better market approval process. Patients in this jurisdiction would benefit from life-saving innovative drugs being earlier available. Another important area were we still need improvements is to allow more patients to have access to potentially life-saving drugs that have not been approved by regulators yet. This is called compassionate use – One of these programs got recently approved in the United States and is called Right to Try. A terminally ill patient should have the right to try experimental (and potential unsafe) medicine if there's a chance that this drug would save his or her life. At the same time the Commission should refrain from pushing for unified drug prices in the EU.
Right now less affluent Member States benefit from high drug prices in the 'North'. If there's regulatory push to bring drug prices down to the smallest common denominator we risk that some innovative medicines companies just pull out of Europe entirely or massively delay the launch of their drugs in Europe.
Fred Roeder is a Health Economist and Managing Director of the Consumer Choice Center
#JunkScience is entering courtrooms at expense of consumers
In European Union, Glyphosate, Recent Media, Science
One of the most notable features of modern politics is how much easier it is today to be 'involved' in one way or another. That's great. I've personally spent much of my energy in the past couple of years campaigning for better political education and other policies which do exactly that. Today, you can reach thousands of people through social media and have genuine influence with a single vote being cast for you – or by having any real-life experience in the areas you criticize, writes Matt Gillow.
One of the dark sides to that, however, is that much is commented on instantaneously – and people are encouraged to think with their gut in a split-second. That's what gets retweets. All too often, lawmakers are basing their judgement on emotion and how social media will react, rather than cold, hard evidence and scientific fact.
The recent European Court of Justice ruling, which obliged the European Food Safety Authority to release a wealth of commercially sensitive data on the pesticide glyphosate, is the perfect example of split-second decision making which fails to pay heed to the evidence. Whilst encouraging greater transparency for consumers to make decisions is a good thing, the ruling raises intellectual property issues, acquiesces to lobbyists, and ignores the fact that many companies – which produce and sell products with pesticides like glyphosate – actually voluntarily release much of the information requested anyway. To top it all off – the ruling is based on junk science espoused by lobbyists and demonises safe products – to the detriment of the consumer.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer was instrumental in the verdict by adding glyphosate to a list of things considered carcinogenic. IARC's list of carcinogenic products include chemicals found in carrots, celery, lettuce, jasmine tea and aloe vera – to name a few. The US House Committee on Space, Science and Technology, which has stated the IARC finding on glyphosate is an "affront to scientific integrity that bred distrust and confusion," requested that (now former) IARC Director Christopher Wild appear before the Committee. Wild refused to testify, and his successor, Elizabete Weiderpass, has not responded.
The fundamental problem is that IARC misrepresents the relationship between hazard and risk. Risk is the hazard in question, paired with the degree of exposure to that hazard. In a practical example: a road is a hazard to pedestrians because while crossing it, you can get hit. However, identifying the real risk implies knowing whether people actually cross this street, and depends on the level of care they take while doing so.
For the agency, the best risk management process is to remove all hazards, even if their exposure doesn't make them risky. Yes, residues of glyphosate is found in beer, but for beer to become a risk factor in relationship to glyphosate, you'd have to drink 1,000 litres a day. We'll take it that in that particular case, it still won't be the pesticide that will be your biggest concern.
According to science blogger The Riskmonger – Scientists working with toxic tort law firms are compelling IARC to produce monographs for the purpose of increasing their lucrative opportunities as litigation consultants. Collusion between tort lawyers and agencies such as the IARC for lucrative payouts is not only disconcerting and corrupt – but sets a horribly dangerous precedent. Any scientific innovation could soon fall victim of this procedure.
So not only has IARC become a front for junk science and peddling of bad news, but it has become a tool for trial lawyers seeking cancer findings by IARC which they then leverage in US courtrooms into multi-million dollar verdicts. In the case of school groundskeeper Dwayne Johnson vs. Monsanto, the judge ended up setting punitive damages at $39 million. By confusing hazard and risk, IARC has declared herbicides as carcinogenic when they are not.
The fact of the matter is that consumers are being peddled lies by junk science organisations, and crooked get-rich-quick litigation consultants are getting payouts off the back of dodgy opinions from IARC – with scientific research that is not backed up by their peers.
Junk science and split-second judgements based on a headline are infiltrating and harming commerce and courtrooms – and harming the consumer and taxpayer at the same time. But a move away from evidence-based policy making isn't confined to science. In politics, legislators are increasingly voting on sentiment instead instead of taking a scientific approach.
Soundbites have infiltrated policy-making. In order to protect ordinary people and improve their daily lives – it's absolutely essential that we make a return to evidence-based policy making when it comes to science. Instead, politicians, commentators and activists are pandering to their support base and their ideological tribes. People deserve better than policy-makers refusing to look past the headlines.
It's time to let Europe go supersonic
In Airlines, Environment, European Union, Recent Media, Transportation
When France built its high-speed rail network, it revolutionised the way we looked at train traevl. What takes 4-5 hours by long-distance bus from Brussels to Paris can now be completed in just over an hour with a Thalys train. Dumping slow regional trains for fast and futuristic new models has brought more comfort and time-efficiency to consumers.
In aviation however, the opposite is the case. Since the 1960s, air travel hasn't gotten any faster. According to Kate Repantis from MIT cruising speeds for commercial airliners today range between about 480 and 510 knots, compared to 525 knots for the Boeing 707, a mainstay of 1960s jet travel.
The reason for that is fuel-efficiency, which translates into cost-efficiency. While pilots have attempted to find the most efficient flight routes, it is slowing flights down which has effectively reduced fuel consumption. According to a story from NBC News in 2008, JetBlue saved about $13.6 million a year in jet fuel by adding just under two minutes to its flights.
But slowing things down doesn't need to be the only alternative, and it will certainly shock passengers to learn that flight times are actually longer than 60 years ago. We can look at it this way: old regional trains are less electricity-consuming than current high-speed trains going at over 300 km/h, but there is precious little demand to bring travel times between Paris and London back to seven hours. In fact, as we use high-speed rail continuously, the technology improves and energy consumption is reduced. The same dynamic ought to work in aviation.
Supersonic planes have been out of the discussion in Europe for a while, but new innovations should make us reconsider our approach to this technology.
For long-distance intercontinental flights, supersonic planes cut flight time by more than half. For instance, London-New York would go down from 7 hours to just 3 hours and 15 minutes.
Granted, the fuel-efficiency of current supersonic models isn't yet ideal, but for a (re)emerging industry the only way from here is up. When considering the evolution of regular planes, which have become 80 per cent more efficient than the first airliners, there are good grounds for optimism about supersonic planes. What's more, producers of supersonic planes are also supportive of alternative fuel use, a key part of the UN's 2020 plan for carbon-neutral growth.
Faster flight times for consumers who like innovative solutions to environmental problems. What's not to like?
The biggest catch is noise levels. As someone who grew up in a town neighbouring an airport, and having lived there almost 20 years, I know the differing views on airport noises. Many in my home village would defend the airport for economic reasons, while others would rally in associations of concerned citizens, fighting the airport one plane at a time. Over the years, their demands have found less support, because as planes became more efficient, they also made less noise.
Here is where supersonic planes aren't starting from scratch either. While these aircrafts are louder on landing and take-off, new models, like Boom's futuristic looking Overture, are 100 times less noisy than the Concorde was. Furthermore, it would be important to compare those things that are comparable, in the same way that wouldn't equate a regional jet with a large A380 with over 800 passengers. So yes, supersonic planes would be, at least for now, noisier. At the same time, the trade-off would entail faster travel times and the promise of lower emissions down the line.
The least we can do to increase consumer choice in this area is give supersonic a chance. Current regulations are not supportive of the fact that supersonic planes are fundamentally different than regular, subsonic, aircraft. There is a balance that both consumers and concerned citizens can strike, which looks at the questions of A) what we can realistically achieve in terms of reducing noise, and B) the advantageous trade-offs we'd get as a return of allowing Europe to go supersonic.
European Union Specializes in Nicotine Prohibition
In European Union, Recent Media, Tobacco
Consumer Choice Center policy analyst Bill Wirtz wrote at the end of 2018 that the findings of the European Court of Justice were nothing but political due to a history of policy that prioritizes certain tobacco products over others. The FDA's approach to regulating e-cigarettes is that the agency is down an aggressive regulatory path not too far off that of Europe's.
Trump's 6-Month Window To Limit Car Imports Might Lead To A New Trade War
By Yaël Ossowski
In European Union, Free Trade, United States
Washington D.C.: President Trump will give the EU and Japan six months to agree to a deal that would "limit or restrict" imports of automobiles and their parts into the US. It is claimed that car imports threaten national security since they have hurt domestic producers and their ability to invest in new technologies.
In response, Consumer Choice Center Deputy Director Yael Ossowski warned that by making such a treat, President Trump asserted his intention not to proceed with a cooperative solution. Where there is no political will to cooperate on trade, there's an increasing possibility of a trade war.
"First and foremost, claims that car imports hurt domestic producers and their investing ability are ignorant of the interests of American consumers. Should Japan and the EU limit their supply of cars, consumers in the US will have to bear the costs in the form of higher prices. Protecting an industry at the expense of domestic consumers has never made any country better off," said Ossowski.
"Trump's decision will, ironically, hurt the ones it seeks to protect. The US car industry is heavily dependent on imports of car parts. If the EU and Japan limit their supply of car parts to the US market, the domestic sales and production will be restrained. The consequences will be numerous and damaging, and all Americans will have to bear them.
"Chances are high that Trump's decision will spark a new trade war and impede international cooperation. Trade wars are always lose-lose. They must be stopped in the early stages and prevented altogether. If President Trump cares about the welfare of consumers and producers in his own country, it is high time he learned that free trade is the only way forward," concluded Ossowski.
The Consumer Choice Center is the consumer advocacy group supporting lifestyle freedom, innovation, privacy, science, and consumer choice. The main policy areas we focus on are digital, mobility, lifestyle & consumer goods, and health & science.
The CCC represents consumers in over 100 countries across the globe. We closely monitor regulatory trends in Ottawa, Washington, Brussels, Geneva and other hotspots of regulation and inform and activate consumers to fight for #ConsumerChoice. Learn more at consumerchoicecenter.org.
Democratising travel
In Airlines, Blog, Cheap Flights, European Union, Recent Media, Taxes, Transportation
The #HandsOffMyCheapFlights campaign is about more than just what its name suggests. Cheap flights are what consumers know and love about air travel in the past years, but it is the overall phenomenon of democratised travel that should have us stand in awe. For people in upper-middle-class and wealthy conditions, the world was just the purchase of a ticket away for much longer. Whether it's €300 or €30 to Milan, doesn't really make much of a difference to them. So to the privileged (you'll excuse the word) eye, travelling has remained the same, with one notable change: there are more people on the airport. Shockingly, it's low-income consumers who suddenly fly into the same airport as the privileged travellers. It takes more time to get your suitcase, getting through security is a hassle, and for goodness sake, you can't even get a seat while waiting to board.
No wonder some people are a bit annoyed. But saying that you don't want people to fly just so that you don't have to pay for fast-track security control isn't marketable, so sustainability comes into play. What about all the noise and pollution? Don't bother considering the fact that innovation in the aviation sector is continuously improving fuel efficiency, since carriers have no incentive to waste kerosene needlessly. Also, don't mention that improved aircrafts, more efficient flight routes, and reduced speeds have made the sector much more efficient than it was 20 or 30 years ago.
That's all a bit hyperbolic, and you'll maybe even consider it bad faith. And maybe it is.
But for some reason, not everyone rejoices at the democratisation of travel. In a time in which the debate about inequality is so predominant, we're not lending an ear to consumers who want to go on holidays, or visit a friend, just as much as all those with higher income than them. Modern aviation has made it possible, yet activists and governments around the world are there to roll this back.
The Consumer Choice Center fights the EU departure tax from the beginning. We will stand up for consumers who want to have choices when it comes to the means of transportation. We are making people aware that flights are emitting much less carbon than they were in the past, and that this level innovation is set to continue in the future. If however, we choose to limit this development in an effort to answer to alarmism, then we will inevitably fail.
Let's not let that happen.
The EU's war on harm reduction is in full swing
In European Union, Harm Reduction Campaign, Harm-Reduction, Recent Media, Tobacco, Vaping
In 2020, the Netherlands will host the ninth conference of parties of the so-called WHO-FCTC treaty. During this conference, world leaders and public health advocates discuss the ways in which smoking prevalence can be curbed.
However, these same advocates haven't just made their policies about actual tobacco, but also about vapour: innovative e-cigarette products come under fire, even though they are provenly less harmful and help those smokers who desire to quit. EU health commissioner Vytenis Andriukaitis and the anti-tobacco European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention (ENSP) are leading the charge in this fight.
In 2015, Public Health England reported that an independent review found that vaping is at least 95 per cent safer than conventional smoking. PHE confirmed this assessment in December last year.
As a result, the UK has made tobacco harm reduction a centrepiece of its policies to reduce the smoking rate, as opposed to calls for direct cessation, which are less effective.
This is also backed by current evidence: a study funded by the National Institute for Health Research UK, titled "A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy" in the New England Journal of Medicine, analysed the behaviour of almost 900 randomised smokers. The conclusion: e-cigarettes were more effective for smoking cessation than nicotine replacement therapy.
A public consultation by the Health Information and Quality Authority in Ireland found that e-cigarettes are used by a third of smokers as cessation tools, and are twice as effective as a placebo.
In an interview with Euractiv, EU health commissioner Vytenis Andriukaitis said the exact opposite, claiming that nicotine replacement therapy was the better alternative. Andriukaitis also defended his head of cabinet, who had come under fire for calling e-cigarettes poison. The most telling quote from the Lithuanian commissioner is this one: "My question to the industry is the following: is it harmful or not to smoke? Does it cause cancer or not? Harm is harm. No matter if it's less or more."
That statement should make one think: here's a European commissioner who does not believe in different degrees of harm. By that standard, we could also equate the harmfulness of eating red meat with smoking cigarettes. Both can cause cancer – and who really cares about the degree of harm caused by one or the other?
This lobby against harm reduction is coordinated by organisations such as the ENSP, which is funded by the Health and Consumer Programmes 2014-2020 of the European Union. This means that the European commissioner funds an NGO that invites the commissioner to events and features him in news articles funded by the same NGO.
It looks as if the European commission has broad support for their positions, but in reality, they are using claqueurs, which is nothing short of deception.
Andriukaitis and the ENSP are trying to change the narrative on anti-tobacco policy by framing it as a human right, and by making false statements about the science surrounding harm reduction.
In fact, their approach to anti-tobacco policy is an almost religious "if there is smoke, there must be harm". They push policies that restrict not only consumer choice but also access to products that help those who choose to quit with innovate new solutions.
As the scientific evidence in favour of harm reduction is growing by the day, the European commission is stubbornly defending its anti-scientific approach to smoking cessation.
Yes, consumers should be able to quit smoking in a way they see fit, and that suits their needs. Restricting innovation for the sake of increasing your bucket list of "things to ban next" is not only nonsensical, it's bad for people's health.
The European commission should instead follow the British National Health Service's approach to smoking cessation.
Low-battery warning fight
Democratic Debates: Healthcare in the US is twice as expensive as in Europe – But is this really due to high drug prices?
2020: A Radio Show, Bringing Consumer Choice to Davos, and Fighting for Science
Ce Secteur a Réussi Là Où L'Etat a Toujours Échoué
Cannabis Conclave Returning To Davos: Meet Benzinga At The Event
2221 S Clark St. 12th Floor Arlington, VA 22202
Tweets by ConsumerChoiceC
COPYRIGHT 2019, CONSUMER CHOICE CENTER


text:
Otis Sanford Dan Conaway Guest Columnists Chris Herrington Letters to the Editor
Sanford: West Memphis mayor deserves a long-distance pat on the back
By Otis Sanford, Daily Memphian Updated: April 09, 2020 9:43 AM CT | Published: April 09, 2020 4:00 AM CT
Daily Memphian
Otis Sanford holds the Hardin Chair of Excellence in Journalism and Strategic Media at the University of Memphis and is the political analyst and commentator for WATN ABC24 News. Contact him at 901-678-3669 or at o.sanford@memphis.edu. Follow him on Twitter @otissanford.
West Memphis Mayor Marco McClendon isn't fooling around. He has seen too many people in his city of about 25,000 residents taking a cavalier attitude toward the novel coronavirus.
11 at Marion, Ark. nursing facility test positive for coronavirus
He's seen groups of young men gathering on playgrounds for pickup basketball games. He knows about the packed churches for recent funerals and Sunday services. And he's heard about groups congregating at street corners and elsewhere as if this pandemic is somehow off-limits to them.
As one of only two African American mayors – the other being Shelby County Mayor Lee Harris – in charge of running jurisdictions adjacent to Memphis, McClendon is also aware of mostly anecdotal evidence that the COVID-19 outbreak is slamming black residents disproportionately harder than other racial groups in many places around the country.
The black population of West Memphis is about 60%, according to 2018 U.S. Census estimates. But McClendon says it's now closer to 70%.
Knowing all that, and with many residents in his town struggling financially without adequate access to health care, McClendon took what his mayoral authority gave him. He imposed a curfew in his city that went into effect Tuesday, April 7.
From 9 p.m. to 5 a.m., at least until the end of April, West Memphians are allowed outside their homes only to conduct essential business. And even during the day, residents are urged to stay home, and to practice social distancing whenever they must go out.
"No more parlaying," McClendon told me Tuesday, about an hour before the curfew went into effect. That means, "No more hanging out with your buddies."
And if the new rules are running counter to the wishes of Arkansas Gov. Asa Hutchinson, so be it. State leaders have never really shown much interest in the fate of West Memphis anyway – except for the revenue it generates through Southland Casino Racing.
The Associated Press reported this week that Hutchinson opposes allowing cities to issue their own stay-at-home orders. The governor says those restrictions should be handled on a statewide basis and, so far, he is rejecting them.
But that's not stopping McClendon from moving forward with his curfew. "I'm protecting my people," he said. "He (the governor) might slap my hand, but we're going to do it anyway."
The mayor's reasoning is perfectly logical. "I'm in a very unique position here," he said, referring to his city's proximity to Memphis and several other suburban cities in Shelby and DeSoto counties. How the coronavirus outbreak affects one city, impacts every other city in metro Memphis.
"You can literally walk across the Big River Crossing from Memphis to West Memphis," McClendon said. "We are all part of one metro area and we are doing our part right here in Crittenden (County)."
But aside from a possible dispute with an obstinate Republican Southern governor, it's the negative effect that the coronavirus is having on black populations that has McClendon equally concerned. And for good reason.
No one really knows the full extent. Because the federal government and most states are not releasing data on the pandemic's impact on African Americans.
In a letter Monday, April 6, the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law urged Alex Azar, secretary of Health and Human Services, to immediately begin reporting racial and ethnic demographic data about the spread of the virus.
"This administration's alarming lack of transparency and data is preventing public health officials from understanding the full impact of this pandemic on black communities and other communities of color," the letter said.
"We are concerned that black communities are being disproportionately impacted by the pandemic, and have lower access to COVID-19 testing which may cause delayed care, an increased risk of high mortality rates, and the acceleration of the spread of the disease in our communities."
The issue was finally addressed by President Donald Trump and others on the White House Coronavirus Task Force at Tuesday's briefing. Task force member Dr. Deborah Birx pointed out that African Americans are not more susceptible to the virus than other racial groups.
But because of other adverse factors, including health disparities and a general lack of access to quality health care, black Americans who contract the virus are more likely to have worse outcomes – including death.
Where more concrete data does exist, it shows troubling signs for African Americans. In Illinois, for example, African Americans make up 14.6% of the population, but 28% of confirmed cases, according to The Atlantic.
In Chicago, black residents account for nearly 70% of the deaths reported so far and 50% of confirmed cases, according to the Washington Post, citing data from the Chicago Department of Public Health. This despite the fact that black Chicagoans make up just 30% of the population.
Similar racial disparities are popping up in Louisiana, Michigan and North Carolina. One key to getting more comprehensive and accurate information is improved testing.
In Shelby County, Health Department officials acknowledged Wednesday that a preliminary review shows black residents are suffering disproportionately from the virus. Of 238 of the confirmed cases in the county, 68% involve African Americans. And 71% of those who have died are African American.
Those depressing percentages are unlikely to change as more of the nearly 900 cases are studied. But even without complete data on race locally and nationally, it's clear that longstanding racial inequities involving access to health care are a key reason black people are contracting the virus and dying disproportionately.
That and other systemic racial biases won't be solved overnight. So, the best thing now for African Americans – indeed all Americans – is to protect ourselves through social distancing and better hygiene.
A small-town mayor like Marco McClendon in West Memphis understands that better than most. It's why he has adopted a get-tough stance for his city. It's why he has broken up the playground basketball games and is trying to stop crowded church gatherings. It's also why he's willing to buck the governor.
And it's why this week, at least, McClendon deserves a long-distance pat on the back for putting the residents of his majority African American city first.
Editor's Note: The Daily Memphian is making our coronavirus coverage accessible to all readers — no subscription needed. Our journalists continue to work around the clock to provide you with the extensive coverage you need; if you can subscribe, please do.
Marco McClendon West Memphis Southland Casino Racing
Nine residents and two employees of a nursing home and rehabilitation facility in Marion, Arkansas have tested positive for coronavirus, and testing is ongoing, according to Arkansas health officials.
By Wayne Risher April 06, 2020
Opinion Otis Sanford
We're missing national unity in this crisis
The dissension has filtered down to statehouses and into the streets, with thoughtless protesters thumbing their noses at social distancing and demanding that states end stay-at-home orders.
By Otis Sanford April 23, 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Charles Kemball PRSE FRS FRSC FRIC (Edimburgo,  — Whitekirk and Tyninghame, ) foi um químico escocês.

Foi presidente do Royal Institute of Chemistry (1974-1976) e também da Sociedade Real de Edimburgo (1988–1991). Foi professor de físico-química e química inorgânica da Queen's University of Belfast (1954–1966) e professor de química da Universidade de Edimburgo (1966–1987).

Bibliografia

Presidentes da Sociedade Real de Edimburgo
Membros da Royal Society
Professores da Queen's University of Belfast
Professores da Universidade de Edimburgo
Professores da Universidade de Cambridge
Alunos da Universidade de Cambridge
Naturais de Edimburgo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
O postulado de Planck é um dos princípios fundamentais da mecânica quântica, postulando que a energia dos osciladores em um corpo negro é quantificada, e é dada por
,
onde  é um inteiro (1, 2, 3...),  é a constante de Planck e  (a letra grega nu, não a letra latina v) é a frequência do oscilador.

História
O postulado de Planck foi introduzido por Max Planck em sua derivação de sua lei de radiação de corpo negro em 1900. Esta suposição permitiu a Planck derivar uma fórmula para todo o espectro da radiação emitida por um corpo negro. Planck foi capaz de justificar esta suposição baseado em física clássica, considerando a quantização como sendo puramente um truque matemático, em vez de (como sabemos agora) uma mudança fundamental em nossa compreensão do mundo.

Em 1905, em um de seus três trabalhos mais importantes, Albert Einstein adaptou o postulado de Planck para explicar o efeito fotoelétrico, mas Einstein propôs que a energia dos fótons em si era quantificada e que a quantização não era apenas um característica de osciladores microscópicos. O postulado de Planck foi ainda aplicado para compreender o efeito Compton e por Niels Bohr para explicar o espectro de emissão do átomo de hidrogénio e assim derivar o valor correto da constante de Rydberg.

Ver também
 Max Planck
 Lei de Planck
 Constante de Planck

Mecânica quântica
Max Planck


text:
Prince Philip leaves hospital
The Duke of Edinburgh is finally out of hospital, discharged just moments ago after a month-long stay.
Prince Philip finally leaves hospital after month in care
Prince PhilipRoyal FamilyWorld News
Prince Philip is finally out of hospital after he was discharged just moments ago.
The of Duke of Edinburgh, 99, underwent a successful procedure at St Bartholomew's Hospital for a pre-existing heart condition on March 4, and has spent the time since recovering.
He was initially admitted to the private King Edward VII's Hospital on February 16 as a precautionary measure after feeling unwell.
Camera IconPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (obscured) gets into a car as he is seen leaving King Edward VII Hospital on March 16, 2021 in London, England. Credit: Chris Jackson/Getty Images
Philip's month in hospital is his longest ever stay.
While in medical care, the nation's longest-serving consort has been publicly visited only by his son and heir Prince Charles.
The Queen, 94, has remained at Windsor Castle west of London, where the couple have been staying during the coronavirus pandemic, and has continued to carry out her official duties by video.
Camera IconCars wait at the side entrance of King Edward VII Hospital on March 16, 2021 in London, England. Credit: Chris Jackson/Getty Images
Philip will celebrate his 100th birthday on June 10.


text:
Tag: Craig Zeigler
November 4, 2014 January 31, 2015 ~ jgisondi
Originally published November 2013
Ron Higgins had never left a press box during a football game in his 20 years of reporting. This time, though, he knew he had no choice.
Craig Zeigler, a tight end for Ole Miss, lay on the football field, his leg broken in two spots and twisted in a grotesque position after being leg-whipped by a Vanderbilt player. Teammate Eli Manning said later he could not look at his friend.
Zeigler, Higgins knew, was a beloved teammate who had worked through numerous injuries to earn his starting spot. So after the senior was carted from Vaught-Hemingway Stadium, Higgins walked out of the press box, headed to Baptist Hospital North Mississippi, spoke with Zeigler and his father before the surgery, and wrote a column that prompted Vanderbilt's chancellor to call in praise and the Football Writers Association of America to award first place in a national competition.
"Think outside the box," Higgins told students at the College Media Advisers national journalism conference in New Orleans. "Think differently. Columns are not just about good writing."
Continue reading "Take chances, vary approaches when writing sports columns" →


The Park Ridge Chamber of Commerce hosted an evening of brain-twisting fun at Trivia Night on October 28. The event was held at 720 Garden Street and the Chamber served a plethora of delicious appetizers. Houlihan's Park Ridge generously donated prizes for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place teams and Danny McGovern - Re/Max Properties Northwest sponsored the event. Thank you to all who attended and a special thank you to our donors!


text:
Home News Virgil Van Dijk savors Liverpool's shot at quadruple after injury struggles
Virgil Van Dijk savors Liverpool's shot at quadruple after injury struggles
Liverpool defender Virgil Van Dijk admits it would be a dream to win an "almost impossible" quadruple.
However, the influential centre-back is more focused on not taking for granted what has been an incredible campaign so far, having missed so much football with a knee injury last season.
"All this talk about quadruple or treble is from the outside world and could put extra pressure on us," he said after Liverpool reached their first FA Cup final under Jurgen Klopp with victory over Manchester City.
"Nobody did the quadruple, there is a reason for it – because it is almost impossible to do.
"It's something that everyone would dream about, to win every competition you participate in, but we will see what it brings.
"City are still in the pole position in the league, we are facing Villarreal in the Champions League (semi-finals), who are going to be very difficult.
"Anything can happen, with other teams as well. We just take it day by day and game by game.
"It's also not something that we take for granted that everyone is fit."
Van Dijk's fitness and form has been the subject of scrutiny since he returned in August from 10 months out after surgery on the anterior cruciate ligament of his right knee.
Virgil Van Dijk says he is taking nothing for granted following his return from injury (Adam Davy/PA)
But he has dispelled any fears about any lingering after-effects and will have a key part to play in whether they can add to the Carabao Cup they won in February.
"I was not a great player back in the days, I was quite a late bloomer – that's why I enjoy my career even more," he added.
"For me, coming back from the injury having seen everything from the sideline last year, to be in all competitions still is something I won't take for granted.
"I've played almost over 50 games this season, so that is something I won't take for granted.
"I just want to keep it going, stay fit, win games and see what it brings and get ready for the World Cup as well."
The win over City was Liverpool's first victory over them in six meetings, having played out a pair of 2-2 draws already this season.
But with just one point separating the pair in the Premier League, defender Trent Alexander-Arnold does not believe it will have much of a psychological effect on the run-in.
"I don't think as a team we need performances to give us confidence," he said.
"We look around the dressing room, we look at the manager and the players we have got: it just speaks for itself.
"I can only speak for our mentality. Each game we have, we go into wanting to win and kind of expecting to win.
"I don't know what the mentality is like in the City dressing room. Over the last few years, they have shown that they have got strong characters and that setbacks don't really bother them too much.
"All we can hope for is that a team takes points off them and we are in a position to pounce on that.
"Hopefully it won't be once in a lifetime, but this is obviously the first time we have been in this position and to still be in with a shot of winning every trophy in the middle of April is outstanding.
"It shows the quality we have got in the squad to win games. It's about making sure we carry on and sustain it for another month or so."


Register you travel agency with Stunning China to get FAM rate.
Day 1, Departure from U.S.
Today board an international flight to Narita.
Upon arrival at Narita airport(NRT), use hotel shuttle bus to transfer to your hotel .
Please note the check in time usually is 3 Pm in Japan.
visit Meiji Shrine, a key Shinto religious site that was dedicated to the Imperial Family in 1926. Walk among the serene gardens that surround the shrine as you listen to more details about its importance from your guide. Last visit Nakamise Shopping Street, a brightly-coloured thoroughfare of food vendors and souvenir stores that leads to Asakusa Kannon Temple (Senso-ji), one of Japan's most important Buddhist sites. Make a stop at DUTY FREE Shop, on the way back to the hotel drive by Shibuya and enjoy the colorful night-view of Tokyo Tower-the landmark of Tokyo.
After breakfast, we leave from Tokyo and drive through the countryside and mountains to reach Owakudani. Try the famous Hakone Ropeway and enjoy the great view here, visit the black egg centre , do not miss this chance to taste the world-famous cuisine., then Take a scenic boat ride around the lake Ashi.
Tonight we will stay at a traditional Onsen hotel(hot spring hotel) in Yamanashi. Dinner is included. Relax and enjoy the hot spring here before continue our tour tomorrow.
Drive to Mt Fuji 5th Station (weather permitting). At 2300m above sea level, the Fuji 5th Station offers a panoramic view of the Fuji Five Lakes area below, making it one of the most popular scenic spots.
Next highlight of today will be Oshino Hakkai. It is a touristy set of eight ponds in Oshino, a small village in the Fuji Five Lake region. The ponds are fed by snow melt from the slopes of nearby Mount Fuji that filters down the mountain through porous layers of lava for over 80 years, resulting in the very clear spring water that is revered by the locals.
Later visit the Peace Park nearby.
Following breakfast , visit Nara Deer park.
Then make your way to Nara, a city shrouded in legend and thronged with significant sites. Make a visit to Todai-ji Temple, an ancient 8th-century structure that houses some of Japan's national treasures, and gaze at 3,000 antique bronze and stone lanterns.
This morning enjoy some free time on your own.
Or you can join a optional tour($99) with lunch (Tea Ceremony +Kinkakuji Temple + Nishijin-Ori Kaikan+Kimono show).
This afternoon, transfer to Osaka, visit the famous landmark Osaka Castle Garden. Surrounded by greenery, the garden commands a beautiful view of the castle tower and the stone wall of the moat.
Later transfer to Shinsaibashi and Dotonbori to have a taste of the night life of Osaka before transfer to hotel.
Today your Best of Japan tour ends here. We will provide detailed instructions on how to get to the airport and fly home.
Note: Service fee of $80 USD should be paid directly to tour guide.


Alan Dershowitz: "President Trump encourages incivility"
Does it sometimes feel as if our politics has us all backed into our ideological corners? Does it seem as if insults and name-calling have taken the place of civil dialogue – that incivility has gone viral?
Whether it's coming from the President of the United States or somebody in a restaurant, you may be disturbed by it all. But should you be alarmed?
Even that's a touchy subject.
"I think the country is in crisis," said New York Times columnist Michelle Goldberg, who recently wrote that "it's less a result of a breakdown in civility than a breakdown of democracy."
"I think the demand for civility can be used as a tool of oppression when it only goes in one direction – when you demand civility from the ruled, but you don't demand civility from the rulers," Goldberg said.
An unapologetic liberal, Goldberg thinks it's just fine that presidential spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders was not welcomed at the Red Hen restaurant, and that Congresswoman Maxine Waters, a California Democrat, has called for confrontation.
"This shows to me this kind of surreal loop of disinformation that we're in," Goldberg said. "Trump then says 'Maxine Waters has basically told people to attack members of my administration, she should be careful of what she wishes for.' If there is any threat of violence there, it's clearly coming from Donald Trump, and it wouldn't be the only time that Donald Trump has kind of outright threatened protesters."
"I love the old days. You know what they used to do to guys like that when they were in a place like this? They'd be carried out on a stretcher, folks!"
"So, we're missing the point by talking about manners and civility?" asked Teichner.
"It's not a crisis that members of this administration can't go to a restaurant without being heckled," she replied. "It's a crisis that those hecklers don't have any other way to reach them."
Constitutional lawyer Alan Dershowitz, a lifelong Democrat, caused a bit of a curfuffle after complaining about being shunned by his Martha's Vineyard neighbors for defending President Donald Trump's civil liberties, an argument he makes in his new book, "The Case Against Impeaching Trump" (Hot Books).
"Civility is a kind of basis for dialogue," Dershowitz said. "It's hard to have dialogue without civility, if people are pushing and shoving and screaming and harassing, if Maxine Waters gets her way.
"I don't care about being shunned, I don't care about not being invited to parties. What I care about is the big issue of trying to silence Americans who have a different point of view. President Trump encourages incivility by his name-calling, by his mocking of people. The appropriate response to that is not incivility on the other side."
"Michelle Obama put it very well when she said, 'When they go low, we go high.'" Dershowitz replied.
Dershowitz argues that nothing about the current political climate justifies incivility.
"I'm nearly 80 years old. I've lived through many times. And every era people say, 'In these times, this is special. In these times, they're detaining Japanese-Americans in detention centers. In these times there's segregation.' If we allow that to operate, the 'in these times' approach, everything would be 'in these times,' and we would live in a society of incivility. There is nothing special about these times."
Keith Bybee, a professor at the Syracuse University College of Law and author of "How Civility Works" (Stanford University Press), says what we are seeing now is a revolution in manners. "But maybe a better way to describe it is a gerrymandering of the boundaries of polite society," he said.
"Any period of American history where there's been intense political conflict, you can find severe breaches of etiquette."
If you think it's bad today, consider the incident in 1856, when pro-slavery South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks went into the Senate and beat Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner, an ardent abolitionist, with his cane, nearly killing him.
Now, consider the civil rights movement more than a century later.
"The civil rights movement, in a fundamental way, led to the revision of our understanding of what constitutes appropriate behavior and the baseline of respect," said Bybee.
The peaceful protests, often met with violent push-back, upended notions of civility and incivility as a means to an end … as good or bad.
Teichner said, "Martin Luther King, today, is praised for a philosophy of nonviolence, and yet at the time, what was considered civil disobedience, civil protest, was not considered civil at all."
"No, it was experienced by a number of people at the time as a gross incivility," Bybee said.
Representative Steve Stivers ("I would characterize myself as a mainline Republican") and Rep. Joyce Beatty ("I'm a strong, staunch Democrat"), members of Congress from the Columbus, Ohio area, cared enough to take action.
"Fourteen months ago now, I had a gentleman call and threaten to kill not just me, my wife, and my at that time seven-year-old daughter," Stivers said. "It really made me think about, gee, the climate out there is driving folks across our country to the extremes."
Beatty added, "Every day, we turn on TV, and with social media, it has just been so prolific that it's in-your-face with Twitter and Instagram and all the things that are being said. Our children are listening to this."
Beatty and Stivers are long-time friends, but on many issues, polar opposites politically.
In January, they formed the Civility and Respect Caucus, pairing Congressional Democrats and Republicans – 30 so far – to promote civility across the aisle and among high school students in each other's districts. The students are asked to take a civility pledge; the politicians, to lead by example.
Teichner asked, "So, are they ever saying, 'OK, we can take a civility pledge. What about you guys in Congress?' Or is it, again, 'That's nice, that's sweet, but look around'?"
"Well, Martha, a trip of 1,000 miles begins with the first step," Stivers replied.
Does it all sound a little Pollyanna-ish? Their take: so what?
"This Civility and Respect Caucus will never cure incivility," Stivers said. "What we hope to do is sensitize people to it."
"As long as I can add fresh breath to this Congress, I will never concede that nice people finish last," Beatty said.
So, does that mean there is hope? Keith Bybee says, "The very fact that we have people seeking to change civility, that's an expression of civility's value. The true crisis of civility is if none of us cared. If we all stopped caring about what counts as appropriate behavior, then civility's not in crisis, it's dead."


What is the PHP-FPM limit (max_children)?
What is a Nexcess site-to-site VPN Tunnel?
A web application firewall (WAF) blocks all web traffic that does not meet the firewall's configured rules.
A web application firewall (WAF) operates by monitoring and blocking the input, output, or system service calls which do not meet a firewall's configured rules. The application's firewall is usually built to control all network traffic on any OSI layer up to the application layer. They protect web applications and servers from web-based attacks that intrusion prevention systems (IPSs) cannot. WAFs can be network or host based and they sit in-line and monitor traffic to and from web applications and servers.
At Nexcess, we use ModSecurity as our WAF along with the other request filtering features for our Apache HTTP Server.
IPSs examine traffic against signatures and anomalies, WAFs investigate the behavior and logic of what is requested and returned. WAFs protect against web application threats like SQL injection, cross-site scripting, session hijacking, parameter or URL tampering and buffer overflows.
WAFs are usually deployed using some sort of proxy, in front of the web applications, so they do not see all traffic. By monitoring traffic before it reaches the web application, WAFs can analyze requests before passing them on. This is what gives them the advantage over IPSs. IPSs are designed to interrogate all network traffic, they cannot analyze the application layer as thoroughly.
WAFs not only detect intrusions that are known to occur in web application environments, but they can also recognize, and prevent new unknown types of attacks. By watching for unusual or unexpected patterns in the traffic WAFs can alert and defend against unknown attacks.


text:
Pan Tadeusz  (full title: Sir Thaddeus, or the Last Foray in Lithuania: A Nobility's Tale of the Years 1811–1812, in Twelve Books of Verse) is an epic poem by the Polish poet, writer, translator and philosopher Adam Mickiewicz. The book, written in Polish alexandrines, was first published by Aleksander Jełowicki on 28 June 1834 in Paris. It is deemed one of the last great epic poems in European literature.

Pan Tadeusz, Poland's national epic, is compulsory reading in Polish schools and has been translated into 33 languages. A film version, directed by Andrzej Wajda, was released in 1999. In 2014 Pan Tadeusz was incorporated into Poland's list in the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme.

Content

The story takes place over the course of five days in 1811 and two days in 1812, at a time in history when Poland had been divided between the armies of Russia, Prussia, and Austria (see Partitions of Poland) and erased from the political map of Europe, although in 1807 Napoleon had established a satellite Duchy of Warsaw in the Prussian partition which remained in existence until the Congress of Vienna held after Napoleon's defeat.

The place is situated within the Russian partition, in the village of Soplicowo, the country estate of the Soplica clan. Pan Tadeusz recounts the story of two feuding noble families, and the love between Tadeusz Soplica (the title character) of one family, and Zosia of the other. A subplot involves a spontaneous revolt of the local inhabitants against the occupying Russian garrison. Mickiewicz, an exile in Paris and thus beyond the reach of Russian censorship, wrote openly about the occupation.

The Polish national poem begins with the words "O Lithuania"; this largely stems from the fact that the 19th-century concept of nationality had not yet been geopoliticized. The term "Lithuania" used by Mickiewicz refers to a geographical region of Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Compendium ferculorum, albo Zebranie potraw, the oldest cookbook in Polish, served as an inspiration for Mickiewicz's nostalgic description of "the last Old Polish feast" in Pan Tadeusz. In his account of the fictional banquet in Book 12, the poet included the names of several dishes described in Compendium ferculorum, such as "royal borscht", as well as two of the master chef's secrets: the broth with pearls and a coin, and the three-way fish.

Plot
A young Polish noble, Tadeusz Soplica, comes back from his education in Vilnius to his family estate in Soplicowo. Tadeusz is an orphan raised by his uncle – Judge Soplica, who is a younger brother of Tadeusz's long lost father, Jacek Soplica. Tadeusz is greeted by the Seneschal (Wojski), a family friend. The Seneschal tells him about the trial between the Judge and Count Horeszko concerning the ownership of a castle which once belonged to Pantler Horeszko – the Count's distant relative, a powerful aristocrat who was killed many years before. The trial is currently conducted by the Chamberlain (Podkomorzy), who is a friend and guest of the Judge. Tadeusz also meets Zosia – a young girl, granddaughter of the Pantler, who lives in the Judge's household, and her caretaker Telimena – the Judge's cousin. Tadeusz takes an interest in Zosia, but also flirts with Telimena.

Meanwhile, Count Horeszko visits the Castle, where he is greeted by Gerwazy, the warden and an old servant of the late Pantler. The Count reveals to Gerwazy he has little interest in the Castle and intends to give up the trial. Gerwazy in response tells the Count the story of the conflict between Soplica's and Horeszko's family. The Pantler often invited Jacek Soplica, Tadeusz's father, to the Castle, as Jacek was very popular amongst lesser nobles in the land. Jacek aspired to marry the Pantler's daughter, but was refused by the Pantler. Later, when Russian troops stormed the Castle during the Kościuszko's uprising, Jacek suddenly arrived on the scene and shot the Pantler. Gerwazy swore to avenge his master, but Jacek disappeared. The story makes the Count excited about the conflict with the Soplicas and he decides he has to take the Castle back from the Judge.

News spreads that a bear was seen in a nearby forest. A great hunt for it begins, in which, amongst others, Tadeusz, the Seneschal, the Count and Gerwazy take part. Tadeusz and the Count are both attacked by the bear. They are saved by Father Robak, a Bernardin monk, who unexpectedly appears, grabs Gerwazy's gun and shoots the bear. After the hunt, the Judge decides to give a feast. His servant Protazy advises to do so in the Castle, to demonstrate to everyone the Judge is its host. During the feast, an argument breaks out when Gerwazy accuses the Judge of trespassing and attacks Protazy when he accuses Gerwazy of the same. The Count stands in defense of Gerwazy and claims the Castle as his own. Fight ensues until Tadeusz stops it by challenging the Count to a duel next day. The Count angrily leaves and orders Gerwazy to get the support of lesser nobility of nearby villages to deal with the Soplicas by force.

Father Robak meets with the Judge and scolds him for the incident at the Castle. He reminds the Judge that his brother, Jacek, wanted him to make peace with the Horeszkos to atone for his murder of the Pantler. For that purpose, Jacek arranged for Zosia to be raised by the Soplicas and intended for her to marry Tadeusz, to bring the two conflicted houses together. Father Robak also speaks about Napoleonic armies soon arriving in Lithuania, urging that Poles should unite to fight against the Russians, rather than fight each other in petty disputes. The Judge is enthusiastic about fighting against the Russians but claims that the Count, being younger, should be the first to apologize.

The impoverished nobles of the land gather on Gerwazy's call. They argue among themselves about organizing an uprising against the Russian forces occupying the land and news about the Napoleonic army, which they heard from Father Robak. Gerwazy convinces them that the Soplicas are the enemy within which should be dealt with first.

The Count soon arrives at the Soplicas' manor and takes the family hostage with the help of his new supporters. However, the next day, Russian troops stationing nearby, intervene and arrest the Count's followers, including Gerwazy. The Russian are commanded by Major Płut, who is actually a Pole who made a career in the Russian army. The second in command is Captain Ryków, a Russian sympathetic to the Poles. The Judge tries to convince Major Płut that the whole matter is just a quarrel between two neighbours and claims that he doesn't bring any complaints against the Count. Płut however considers the Count's supporters to be rebels. The Judge reluctantly accepts the Russians at his house, where, on the advice of Father Robak he gets them drunk, while Robak frees the arrested nobles. The fight breaks out when Major Płut makes drunken advances on Telimena and Tadeusz punches him in her defense. During the battle, Father Robak saves the Count's and Gerwazy's life, getting seriously wounded in the process. Captain Ryków ultimately surrenders the battle after suffering serious losses to the Poles, while Major Płut disappears.

Afterwards, the Judge tries to bribe Ryków to keep the whole incident silent. The Russian refuses the money, but promises the whole thing will be blamed on Major Płut drunkenly giving orders to attack. Gerwazy confesses he killed Płut to keep him silent.

Father Robak predicts he will likely die the following night because of the wounds he suffered. He asks to talk alone with Gerwazy with just his brother, the Judge, present. He reveals he is really Jacek Soplica and tells his side of the story of the Pantler's death. Jacek and the Pantler's daughter were in love. The Pantler was aware of this, but, thinking Jacek of too low birth to marry his daughter, pretended to be oblivious. The Pantler treated Jacek as a friend for political reasons, needing his influence amongst the lesser nobility. Jacek suffered through the charade, until the Pantler openly asked him for an opinion about another candidate for a husband for his daughter. Jacek left without a word, intending to never visit the Castle again. Much later he witnessed the Castle being stormed by the Russians. Seeing the Pantler victorious and proud made Jacek overwhelmed with grief and anger - which drove him to kill the Pantler.

Gerwazy admits that the Pantler wronged Jacek, and gives up his revenge, considering them even after Jacek (as Father Robak) sacrificed himself to save him and the Count's. Gerwazy also reveals that the dying Pantler gave him a sign he forgave his killer. Father Robak dies the following night.

The nobles who took part in the battle against the Russians, including Tadeusz and the Count, are forced to leave the country, as they are in threat of being arrested by the Russian authorities. A year later, they come back as soldiers of the Polish troops in Napoleonic army. Gerwazy and Protazy, now friends, reminisce on the events from a year before. Tadeusz and Zosia get engaged.

Other translations
There have been multiple English translations:

 1885 Maude Ashurst Biggs, under the title "Master Thaddeus"
 1962 Watson Kirkconnell, under the title "Sir Thaddeus"
 1917 George Rapall Noyes, prose translation
 1986 Kenneth R. Mackenzie (ISBN  9780781800334)
 2005 Marcel Weyland, translation in the original meter ( US and  UK)
 2018 Bill Johnston () who received the National Translation Award bestowed by the American Literary Translators Association.
 2019 Christopher Adam Zakrzewski, prose translation (ISBN  9781945430756)

The earliest translation of Pan Tadeusz was into Belarusian by the Belarusian writer and dramatist Vintsent Dunin-Martsinkyevich, in Vilnius in 1859. Because of the pressure from Tsarist authorities, Dunin-Martshinkyevich was able to publish only the first two chapters of the poem.

Film adaptations
The first film version of the poem as a feature was produced in 1928. The film version made by Andrzej Wajda in 1999 was his great cinematic success in Poland.

Popular recognition
In 2012, during the first edition the National Reading Day organized by the President of Poland Bronisław Komorowski, Pan Tadeusz was read in numerous locations across the country as a way of promoting readership and popularizing Polish literature. Google's Doodle for Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Iceland, Ireland and UK on 28 June 2019 commemorated the poem.

Gallery

See also
Polish literature
List of Polish language poets

Notes

References

External links

 , translated by George Rapall Noyes, 1917; the text also available from archive.org and Project Gutenburg
 Pan Tadeusz or the Last Foray in Lithuania: a History of the Nobility in the Years 1811 and 1812 in Twelve Books of Verse translated by Leonard Kress
 Pan Tadeusz or The Last Foray in Lithuania: A Tale of the Gentry During 1811–1812 translated by Marcel Weyland, 2004
 Adam Mickiewicz. Sinjoro Tadeo, aŭ la lasta armita posedopreno en Litvo. Nobelara historio de la jaroj 1811 kaj 1812 en dekdu libroj verse esperanta.. Pan Tadeusz in Esperanto, translated by Antoni Grabowski

1834 poems
Epic poems
Polish poems
Works by Adam Mickiewicz
Lithuania in fiction
Napoleonic Wars in fiction


2000 Starway-Chu Lan 125. Picture submitted by anonymous user.. Submit more pictures.
Ask questions Join the 00 Starway/Chu Lan 125 discussion group or the general Starway/Chu Lan discussion group.
Get a list of related motorbikes before you buy this Starway/Chu Lan. Inspect technical data. Look at photos. Read the riders' comments at the bike's discussion group. And check out the bike's reliability, repair costs, etc. Show any 2000 Starway/Chu Lan 125 for sale on our Bikez.biz Motorcycle Classifieds. You can also sign up for e-mail notification when such bikes are advertised in the future. And advertise your old MC for sale. Our efficient ads are free. You are also welcome to read and submit motorcycle reviews.


This 5-reel, 3-row 20-line video slot shows her wonderful wild side. Beware of the evil queen who will tempt you with generous unlimited Free spins, though if she appears on the reels during those freespins she will put Snow Wild into a deep sleep.
Wild Burst, Symbol Sync, Symbol Overlay, Bat accumulator spins, Unlimited Free spins.


In 1851 Richard Smith Clark hired architect John B. Snook to design a commercial building to replace the vintage house at the northwest corner of Broadway and White Street. Designed in the Italianate style, the five-story structure included a cast iron storefront. The openings at the second floor were dignified by triangular, Renaissance-inspired pediments. Those above wore molded cornices and sat on stills upheld by dainty brackets. A cast cornice with paired foliate brackets completed the design.
David Rait had been partners with Samuel Y. D. Arrowsmith until August 7, 1850 when the jewelers parted ways. Rait moved into the newly-completed 381 Broadway where he imported and manufactured high-end jewelry for the wholesale trade. In 1853 he advertised "diamonds in original packages, or lots therefrom to suit customers." He charged $28 (nearly $900 today) per carat.
By the time Rait placed his advertisement, Broadway was seeing a far different business finding its way to Broadway. Leading the relatively-new commercial photography industry were Mathew B. Brady, Jeremiah Gurney and Martin M. Lawrence. On March 15, 1853 Lawrence established his studios in No. 381 Broadway.
Lawrence was especially noted for his extra large "mammoth" daguerreotypes (they were a wall-sized 12 x 15 inches); and for his posed allegories. One, titled "Past, Present, and Future," had earned him a prize in the Crystal Palace exhibition in London two years earlier.
W. Lawrence has the pleasure to inform his friends and the public that he will open to-day at No. 381 Broadway, the corner of White-street, one of the most extensive and splendid Daguerrian Galleries in the world. Citizens and strangers are respectfully invited to visit the rooms and view his numerous collection of 'human face divine,' and especially the frame of 25 pictures exhibited at the World's Fair, in London, pronounced the best in the exhibition, and awarded Mr. L. the first premium, the prize medal.
Three months later Humphrey's Journal of the Daguerreotype described the layout, noting "a reception room on the third floor, richly furnished; two 25-by-30-foot operating rooms on the fifth floor, with 16-foot ceilings and skylights each 12 by 15 feet."
Martin M. Lawrence died in 1859. At about the same time David Rait moved his operation to No. 405 Broadway. No. 381 Broadway became home to the men's furnishings store of Ira Perego & Sons, which had another shop on Nassau Street. On May 1, 1860 The New York Times noted that the store was having a "Great Sale of Neck-Ties," at "only 50 cents each."
Ira Perego & Sons offered a full line of men's clothing, from underwear to outerwear. During the winter it advertised "superior shirts and collars, mufflers and shawls, fine cravats and scarfs, robes de chambre, lined kid gloves, and fancy suspenders." And as the hot weather approached an advertisement in the New-York Tribune noted "We invite attention to our large assortment of summer under garments, comprising--gauze silk shirts and drawers, gauze merino shirts and drawers, lisle thread shirts and drawers, &c."
By 1864 Ira Perego & Sons had moved to No. 175 Broadway and the main tenant at No. 381 was Spencer D. Schuyler. The dry goods firm operated its retail operation from the ground floor store and its immense wholesale business on the upper floors. According to The New York Times in 1864 S. D. Schuyler had made sales amounting to $253,000 the previous year; about $4 million today.
Anamus M. Ronk worked as a salesman for Schuyler in 1866. On June 29th that year a young woman and her male companion entered the store. She asked Ronk to show her some silk dress goods. While she mulled over the fabrics her friend wandered casually about the shop.
Finally Maria Stewart (described by The Times later as "about 21 years of age, and of genteel appearance") made her choices, asked that Ronk packed the bundles which they would return to pick them up and pay for later in the day. The Times reported "After they had left the premises the clerks missed...two pieces of silk, and as the pretended purchasers failed to return for the silks selected, suspicion attached to them."
The stolen silk was valued at $260 (just under $4,000 today) and Maria was nabbed by police a few days later. Anamus Ronk identified her as "the pretended customer" and authorities announced that it was the second time she would appear before a judge on similar charges.
Considering Spencer D. Schuyler's apparent success, his customers were no doubt shocked to read in the daily newspapers in June 1868 that he had declared bankruptcy.
On November 11, 1882 The Record and Guide reported that Richard S. Clark "proposes to tear down the old brick building, No. 383 Broadway, and erect an office building to be joined to his other building on the northwest corner of Broadway and White street." The journal added "It will be fitted with an elevator and other conveniences."
Clark would not live to see his proposal carried out. It was more than three years later when, on February 13, 1886, The Record and Guide reported "A fine store will be erected at No. 383 Broadway, which is now being torn down."
The Richard Smith Clark estate had commissioned the architectural firm of J. & D. Jardine to design the building. Theowners gave the brothers, David and John, surprising instructions--the new structure should match exactly the design of the nearly 40-year old building on the corner. The result was seamless, visually doubling the size of the original structure.
The upper floors of No. 383 were intended as offices. Interestingly, even as the old structure was being demolished, the Clarks announced "The building is already all rented, with the exception of the store."
By the time construction was completed later that year the store had been taken. On October 2, 1886 The New York Times reported "Eugene P. Peyser, who already has a store at No. 123 Fulton-street, will open to-day a branch at No. 383 Broadway, in the very heart of the dry goods district." Like Ira Perego & Sons, Eugene P. Peyser offered a full line of men's furnishings. The journalist for The Times was impressed by the opening day prices.
And like Ira Perego & Sons, the store's stock changed with the seasons. The following summer gentlemen could find "white vests and Summer coats and vests" and "drap d'ete, silk Pongee serges, white flannel and tennis coats." The Times (no doubt having received a monetary prompting from the store) opined "One cannot fail to find just what he wants among the quantities of men's outfitting, and must indeed be hard to please if the quality and texture of the Summer goods do not satisfy."
Peyster's experiment with the new Broadway branch was so successful that in October 1887 he expanded into the basement level, calling it the Casino. This level was dedicated for the most part to selling coats. A newspaper wrote "the walls are tastefully decorated, the ceiling likewise, and an electric light makes the place as bright and cozy as a private parlor. This is the 'Casino,' Mr. Peyser's pride. In it the overcoat holds sway."
Gentlemen shoppers could browse among "serviceable silk-faced" fall coats, and winter overcoats of "the best beaver." The most expensive of the beaver coats was $31, over $800 in today's dollars.
Those overcoats would be sorely needed later that winter. On March 11, 1888 one of the worst blizzards in American history hit the Northwest. More than 400 people perished--200 of them in New York City--and as much as 55 inches of snow piled into the streets.
S. M. Jackson Jacobs was 28 years old at the time, working as a clerk for Eugene Peyster. When customers were able to dig out of their homes, they headed to the store. Decades later Jacobs recalled the run on gloves and ear muffs. "We created woolen pull-over caps for our customers by slitting bathing trunks and tying a piece of string at the top of each leg. We had about ten dozen of these trunks and as caps we sold them out immediately."
In the spring of 1889 the city prepared for the three-day celebration of the 100th anniversary of George Washington's inauguration. President Harrison and other Washington dignitaries would participate, a military parade, grand receptions and events throughout the city were planned.
On April 24, 1889 The Times reported "New-York has begun to put on her fine clothing for the festivities of next week. Broadway is already afloat with rainbow-hued bunting and bright with the anticipations of the centennial." Eugene P. Peyster was not to be outdone. "Flags were as thick as mosquitoes and quite as lively in yesterday's breeze at Eugene Peyster's store, at 383 Broadway, for they were projecting from every window sill," said the article.
Thorn had come to New York from his native Stuttgart in 1876. By now he was well known throughout the industry as a jobber of American-made school goods. One of the companies he represented was The American Crayon Co., makers of what we would today know as blackboard chalk. He was quoted in Geyer's Stationery in September 1904 as saying the "crayons" were "faultless and have no equal." He promoted the item in glowing terms. "For general satisfaction, economy and sanitary reasons these crayons should be used in every school room."
As he did every spring, Thorn traveled to Pittsburgh on a buying trip in April 1907. While there he complained of indigestion, and died a few hours later in his hotel. Geyer's Stationery called him "a general favorite with the trade" and Walden's Stationer and Printer said "His friends were legion."
A. G. Hyde & Sons had moved into the building in 1893. A wholesale cotton goods operation, marketed its Heatherbloom taffeta as being "Better Than Silk" in 1905. Following A. G. Hyde's death, his sons Seymour J. and A. Fillmore continued the business. Eventually, A. Fillmore Hyde left to pursue the real estate business, leaving his brother to run what The Sun would later call "a power in the trade."
By 1907 the tenant list included firms involved in other than the dry goods businesses. The Tablet & Ticket Co. was here that year, makers of memorial plaques and, most importantly, the Willson Building Directories. Architects and building owners embraced the new concept that allowed visitors to easily find the location of an office within the building. As tenants came and went, their names could easily be added and removed. On December 13, 1913 The Record and Guide touted the "bulletin boards with letters to apply which can be locked in."
As modern skyscrapers rose, The Tablet & Ticket Co. provided the lobby directories. In April 1907 it received contracts for the new United States Realty Building and the Trust Co. of America building on Wall Street. The following year the firm received the contract to install directories in the 47-story Singer Building. The Table & Ticket Co. would do business from here into the 1920s.
Other long-term tenants were the W. S. Howell Ticket Agency, in the building from about 1903 through about 1912; and the Wm. E. Wright & Sons "piping and trimmings" firm, in the building from about 1909 into the 1920s.
In 1913 A. G. Hyde & Sons suffered its first misfortune in the death of Seymour Hyde. A. Fillmore returned as president, Seymour Worrall Hyde, the son of Seymour J., took the position of vice-president.
When the United States entered World War I Seymour enlisted in the 306th Infantry. But things went terribly wrong. By the winter of 1918 Hyde was a First Lieutenant. On leave in the city he ran into a sergeant on the street who failed to salute him. After mildly rebuking the lower-ranking officer, Hyde ordered him into a taxi cab. The New-York Tribune reported on February 2 1918 that it stopped at No. 381 Broadway, "which houses the New York counting and stock rooms of the great woollen firm of A. G. Hyde & Sons."
In a bizarre turn of events Hyde held the sergeant captive in an upstairs office and called for two privates from nearby Camp Upton to stand guard. He told them he was questioning a German spy. The sergeant was subjected to interrogation from 10 in the morning until 6 that night.
The sergeant later testified "Part of the time Hyde made me dictate answers to his questions into an office phonograph. He had me strip off my shirt, and every once in a while he'd listen to my heart.
"'It's beeint too fast,' he would say. 'You're lying to me.'"
At one point he took the two privates outside "and wrapped them up in lavender cloth from head to foot, so that all I could see of them was there eyes. I almost had the willies, but they were perfectly solemn about it."
When authorities finally were alerted to Hyde's strange behavior, he was diagnosed with a nervous breakdown and committed for treatment.
Later that year, on December 24, The Sun reported "The revolver shot at Sarajevo that woke up the world four years ago was the crack of doom for the house of Hyde...Its export and import trade, upon which its success was largely built, was choked off by the war. The inevitable happened yesterday, when A. Fillmore Hyde...summoned all its employees, many of whom have grown old with the firm, before him and told them the business would be closed out."
Oddly enough, while the garment industry moved north of 34th Street by mid-century, the Broadway building continued to house textile firms, like Murray Textile Co., Inc. here in the 1970s. Even as the 20th century waned textile companies, hold overs from the time a century earlier when this neighborhood was the dry goods district, still occupied the upper floors. In 1992 the ground floor shops housed a restaurant and newsstand.
Today most of the architectural elements have been stripped from the facade of No. 381. The trendy change in the neighborhood is reflected in the two ground floor shops--a pizza restaurant and a shoe store. And the fact that the two halves were constructed 35 years apart is, for the most part, unknown among New Yorkers.
The Lost Clement C. Moore "Chelsea House"


AGS values all students' unique talents and encourages and challenges students to become intellectually curious, world language proficient, internationally aware and globally responsive.
The Academy for Global Studies engages students in an educational experience that fosters international understanding and welcomes diversity of thought, while preparing students for a globally interconnected world.
The Academy for Global Studies at Austin High School is part of the ISSN.


"Telepresence - The use of remote controlled cameras for apparent participation in distant events producing a sensation of being there".
The AquariCam™ OPT-15HD is our smallest and most affordable 1080p high-definition underwater Internet camera and is designed for discrete placements in small aquariums, pools or tanks. The OceanCam™ OPT-15WM is capable of depths down to 100 meters making it ideal for deployment on sub-sea research stations or on ROVs. Learn More Press Release.
See the unmatched quality of Ultra high-definition (UHD) cameras now available for our OceanCam model. Contact us for more details.
The newly upgraded OPT-12HD provides 112-degree viewing, an electronic PTZ crop window, internal recording and captures 1080P video without any moving parts. It offers outstanding light sensitivity and optimizes the video for extreme levels of detail even in low-light and dark environments. Delivering HDTV 1080p video up to 50/60 fps with reduced noise and motion blur, the camera captures moving objects even in high-pace environments. Contact us for more details.
The latest generation of high-definition cameras are now available in the popular AquariCam and OceanCam housings. Choose from 4K, 1080p or 720p HD with either 360-degree endless or 340-degree rotation. Optical zoom of either 20x or 30x increases the working range of the cameras.
Shark Week's SharkCam -- Animal Planet Live Live video high-definition cameras at the National Aquarium allow you to view sharks.
Introducing the OceanCam OPT-06UHD, the world's most advanced underwater ultra-high-definition 4K camera that can be controlled and viewed over the Internet. Cameras transmit H.264 compressed video/audio and are easily configured to stream live video to thousands of simultaneous viewers.
This new UHD camera features 3840 x 2160 pixels with 30 frames per second. Available in both Pan-Tilt-Zoom and fixed lens cameras. Other features include visibility-enhancing technologies such as gyroscopic image stabilizer, focal plane distortion correction and defog image processing. A built-in SDHC card slot enables local storage for several days of recordings without external equipment.


SubShorts is committed to distinction and individuality through design. We bring color and performance to a monochromatic arena.
Your boring, monochromatic compression shorts just got radical! SubShorts bring style, color, personality, and performance to you!
The idea of SubShorts began when I noticed that a lot of Action Sports guys at the beach and lake were wearing underwear or athletic-wear underneath their board shorts. These guys were fulfilling a need unconsciously.
I looked everywhere but I could not find any company or brand that offered a tailored solution.
During my search I found that athletic compression garments, in general, are boring and dull. The options out there just don't excite nor do they live up to relevant and emerging fashion trends. Your current compression short options are monochromatic, boring, lack color, design, character, and appeal.
So I decided to go to work and create a comfortable (wet or dry) athletic compression short that was designed with personality, style, color, and a high level of performance. SubShorts bring distinction, individuality, and lifestyle to a monochromatic arena.
1. Breathable, moisture wicking, 4-way stretch SubShort fabric.
2. Fast drying, polyester, spandex blend for superior comfort and performance.
3. Plush, 418 needle SubShorts waistband.
4. Prevents chaffing and rash while wet or dry.
Our working prototypes (pictured below) demonstrate the original designs of SubShorts. Our new Kickstarter colorways are found below under "Rewards".
Our plush 418 needle count waistband offers you comfort and firmness that won't leave your back end shinning like a full moon.
The waistband shown in the photos is not the waistband on your pair of SubShorts. In order to get a customized 418 needle SubShorts waist band we need your help to meet our minimum order quantity (MOQ).
Below are our colorways exclusive to our Kickstarter campaign.
Once you've made your pledge and our campaign has ended, we will send you an email asking you for your size and color choice. We also pledge to send production photo updates of you SubShorts . We will keep you informed every step of the way.
At the Gym - Comfortable moister-wicking performance, without the dull and boring of your current athletic garment.
Surfing - We wore SubShorts underneath our wetsuit's. No need for a towel change post surf, and no board rash!
We will introduce one new colorway if we hit $200,000 dollars! Best part is you get to choose which colorways you want by voting! Choose below.
1. Consistently improve design, comfort, fabric technology, and fit.
2. Source the highest quality fabrics.
3. Encourage adventure, distinctiveness, and well-being.
I started working on this project because I saw a demographic that deserved style without sacrificing performance. It couldn't be found in the marketplace. So I took the dive, quit my job, and started going to work.
I was not interested in beating around the bush. I called up my graphic designer, Chandler - he's worked for the likes of Skullcandy, Armor Active, Char Poles, and other action sports companies, and we went to work.
We prototyped the design and partnered with one of the top boutique manufacturer agents that specialize in sourcing fabrics. Having them down the coastline, helped us to keep in close contact and communication. They have worked with companies such as; RVCA, Billabong, Stance Socks, and Nixon watches.
We've spent over $3,000 of our own money in product development to get SubShorts to this point.
But as with most all start-up retail businesses, there are minimum order quantities that we need to meet when sourcing fabric and components (it's kind of like being Little Mac from Mike Tyson's Punch Out. We can get a KO with your help).
If we meet our pledge goal, your money will go directly into the production and manufacturing of SubShorts and will allow us to move forward, furthering more radical designs for you.
We have done our best to diminish the risks and challenges for this project. We have a handful of working prototypes. We can vouch for our manufacturer proven record of quality and reliability. We have created a production schedule and are confident in our manufacturing.
We will communicate any production news, delays, or otherwise with you. We promise to keep you informed at every level of manufacturing and express our thanks for your support and patience in the process. We want to ensure your fulfillment is accurate and true.


text:
Q: Recover table name in SQL query I think it's a stupid question but is it possible to recover tables names for each columns in a SQL Query ? Example if my query is:
Select e.empno,e.sal,d.deptno
FROM emp e JOIN dept d
ON e.deptno = d.deptno
WHERE e.job = 'Analyst'

I would like to recover something like this
+-------+---------+
| Column|  Table  |
+-------+---------+
|  empno| emp     |
|   sal | emp     |
| deptno| dept    |
+-------+---------+

I use postgresql
Thank for help

A: When a result is set back to the client it comes without any display or formatting. I assume this question from the context of PSQL in which case you're not referring to actually getting the column names of the table, but instead to the display-format of the query result. PSQL calls this expanded display. You can enable it with \x after you start psql, or you can start psql with it using the --expanded flag.
\x
Expanded display is on.

test=# SELECT * FROM ( VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6) ) AS t(foo,bar,baz);
-[ RECORD 1 ]
foo | 1
bar | 2
baz | 3
-[ RECORD 2 ]
foo | 4
bar | 5
baz | 6

If you're referring to actually knowing where the columns are being sourced from in the display format you can not do that. SQL only maintains a result set. It does not know where the table that originated the data is.
And, that wouldn't make much sense anyway, what would this show...
SELECT *
FROM (
  SELECT a
  FROM foo
) AS t;

Would it show the table as t or a?
What about this...
SELECT a+1 AS b, 'b' AS a
FROM (
  SELECT a
  FROM foo
) AS t;

You can see that getting silly really fast.

A: Will aliases meet your requirement?
Select e.empno "emp empno"
,e.sal "emp sal"
,d.deptno "dept deptno"

FROM emp e JOIN dept d ON e.deptno = d.deptno
WHERE e.job = 'Analyst'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange