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Towards a retirement at 64 in France, demonstrations in sight
BET À DAY
France is preparing for intense protests, the government due to unveil its pension reform on Tuesday, for which the retirement age will probably be pushed back to 64, a will of President Macron unanimously against it in the trade union world.
"If Emmanuel Macron wants to make it his mother of reforms (…) for us, it will be the mother of battles", warns the boss of the Force Ouvrière (FO) union Frédéric Souillot, opposed to this reform like all the organizations unions and political opposition, apart from the more conciliatory right.
Frédéric Souillot of the FO union
France has experienced a series of major reforms of its pension systems over the past thirty years in response to the aging of the population and the financial deterioration of its funds.
Almost every time, the announced extension of working hours had provoked social movements, in a country where the employment rate for seniors is also particularly low.
"The only lever we have is to work longer," insisted the French president, however.
Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne will present the reform to Parliament on Tuesday at 5:30 p.m. local time, after questions to the government.
She could, according to several of her interlocutors, propose a postponement of the legal retirement age to 64, instead of the current 62, after having considered 65.
This postponement would be associated with an acceleration of the extension of the contribution period, which would increase to 43 years, before the 2035 horizon set by a previous reform.
The executive hopes to reduce expenditure by 2030. It would be ready to raise the minimum pension to 1200 euros for all retirees.
"Ideological" reform
The measurement of the retirement age remains highly unpopular in France, one of the European countries where the retirement age remains the lowest, compared in particular to its German neighbors, Italians or Spaniards.
More than two-thirds of French people (68%) are against postponing to age 64, according to an Ifop-Fiducial poll.
It is in the street that "the debate will take place", in the face of an "ideological" "anti-social" reform and the "service of a favored class", affirms the new boss of the Greens, Marine Tondelier.
For the boss of the powerful CGT union, Philippe Martinez, with this reform, "we are returning to what our elders knew, that is to say that after work it is the cemetery" .
On the political spectrum, the oppositions of the left, radical left and extreme right have all already expressed their opposition to a reform described as "unfair".
The French government therefore hopes to rally the elected representatives of the moderate right (Les Républicains-LR), whose boss Éric Ciotti has on the contrary already said he is ready to "vote a fair reform".
Éric Ciotti of the party The Republicans
An LR vote could avoid the use of 49.3, this device accused of being undemocratic, already used a dozen times under the second term of Emmanuel Macron since his party lost a majority in the National Assembly, which allows the executive to pass a bill without a vote.
The text will be examined by the Council of Ministers on January 23, but the unions, which meet on Tuesday evening, plan to mobilize before, while the left-wing coalition NUPES is holding rallies on January 10 and 17 and LFI (radical left) is demonstrating. on 21.
The bill must pass in committee at the National Assembly from January 30, and in the hemicycle on February 6.
The boss of the CGT Philippe Martinez is ironic about the "feat" of the executive which brings together the unions in action for the first time in twelve years.
"The union and political front will be completely united in this battle", promised on the BFMTV channel the coordinator of LFI Manuel Bompard.
Saturday, the "yellow vests" – whose rallies for more than a year had been disputed in the rue Emmanuel Macron during his first term – have beaten the pavement again.
Only 4,700 people, including 2,000 in Paris, according to the Ministry of the Interior, were present es for this first raout.
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QW4RTZ: pop humor, classic discipline


Plies dropped a video promoting "Drip 4 Sale" earlier this year and now he's back with "Drip 4 Sale Extravaganza" featuring Kevin Gates and NBA YoungBoy.
Stream "Drip 4 Sale Extravaganza" below or download a copy on iTunes now.
The post Plies – Drip 4 Sale Extravaganza (Feat. Kevin Gates & NBA YoungBoy) appeared first on rapWAVE.


Mortgage Itemized Fee Worksheet Excel – It's mandatory that you start somewhere and also a budgeting worksheet can make the dreaded task of budgeting much easier. Whether you employ computer established applications or intend to keep your budget on paper, a worksheet can enable one to brainstorm the types you need to budget for. While the majority of these is going to undoubtedly be marginally different compared to budget you eventually come up together, they are able to function as a beneficial tool which will get the full process easier.
You may discover several forms of a budgeting worksheet on the internet you could publish or use like a template at a number of your present apps. Even if you simply use it to get thoughts, it is sometimes a large help whenever you sit down to produce a money management program. While not everybody has the same income and investment conditions, such a worksheet can be really a great destination for a get started.
Be sure you remain up-to-date with all the changes that have happened. If the company you benefit will not make use of the new Excel, go get it on your very own personal use. I am hearing an increasing number of stories about candidates being requested in job interviews with this matter: What version of Excel does your company use? After the applicant says 2003, the interviewer mentions that the app has changed much in the newest 2007 launch, also signifies the candidate is out-of-date using the tools he's utilizing.
As soon as you see a couple of these templates, then you may see that you just possess more categories of spending than you thought. For instance, when first creating an budget, many people forget all about gifts, subscriptions, and puppy expenses however by working together with one of those preprinted templates, you can remember additional expenses you want to contemplate. Another good case of the benefits of using a template since you create your budget is the category branded holiday. While the majority of people don't cover his or her family vacation on monthly basis in the budgeting worksheet, pros indicate that you incorporate most of your time or annual expenses into a workable monthly invoice. This way, when vacation time rolls around, you have all the capital that you need. Consider one other one period or yearly expenses in your financial picture which you can need to policy for to get monthly basis.
However bear in mind that first using those objective worksheets can establish a challenge. It must take work from the own end to set these up and also to answer all of the questions however the longer you use them the more you will understand them. The truth is many men and women that these worksheets over a normal basis have now found that they have become 2nd nature. In reality lots of people love the practice of tracking how much they've achieved. That has resulted in their setting goals carrying a whole new significance and they are success far longer and substantially quicker. This really is among the critical benefits of adhering to a system that is defined. Whatever you want to achieve, it is strongly recommended that you just start with a great goal setting worksheet and follow along through. You're going to be surprised at how effective only the easy activity of answering exactly the goal setting questions is.
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TEHRAN (Press Shia Agency) – Iranian Defense Minister Brigadier General Amir Hatami highlighted the country's progress in the space industry and said the country is able to launch satellites into the 260-kilometer orbit.
Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of a cabinet session in Tehran on Wednesday, Brigadier General Hatami highlighted Iran's "progressing and perpetual" trend in the satellite industry.
The defense minister added that the Islamic Republic is able to put satellites in the 260-kilometer orbit.
Back on February 2, 2009, Iran successfully launched into orbit its first indigenous data-processing satellite, Omid (Hope).
On Tuesday, Jan. 15, Iran launched a satellite, dubbed Payam, into space. The satellite, however, failed to reach the orbit in the final stage.
Although Payam and its carrier had gone through successful tests, the satellite failed to reach the required speed on detachment from the rocket in the third stage.
Officials say Iran still plans to launch another low Earth orbit satellite, Doosti (Friendship in Persian), in the near future.


What makes people hate you in seconds?
Should Facebook be able to censor defamation and lies by it's user?
How was your life like before facebook age?
Would you be ok if your friend hijacked your facebook and change your profile picture to something stupid/funny?
Does not-updating your status on facebook is a new sin?
Does the amount of followers on social medias of Malaysian celebrities reflects their popularity?
Am I still able to login to all sites authenticated via facebook if I deactivate my fb account?


As the conflict in Syria enters its seventh year, the civil war has left many parts of the country in ruins, killing more than 465,000 people, and displacing some 12 million Syrians from their homes.
Amid a wave of protests across the region known as the Arab Spring, longtime rulers in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya were successfully toppled in 2011. But in Syria, peaceful demonstrations quickly turned into a fully fledged war between government forces and opposition armed groups that sought to overthrow the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
Years later, and following several rounds of internationally brokered peace talks, the war in Syria is still ongoing, with Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) group fiercly fighting for its last stronghold in Syria.
Although fighting continues in many areas in Syria, three provinces stand out as confrontation zones – Deir Az Zor, Idlib and Raqqa.
Backed by Russian air strikes, Syrian government forces broke the siege of two enclaves in and around Deir Az Zor in September 2017. The city had been encircled by ISIL group fighters for nearly three years.
The loss of Deir Az Zor would be a major blow to ISIL, whose territory in Syria and neighbouring Iraq has been significantly shrinking over the past year.
Since the Syrian government forces recaptured Aleppo in 2016, a new military alliance of armed opposition groups was formed in northern Syria. Idlib is mainly controlled by Hay'et Tahrir al-Sham, an alliance of anti-government groups formed in January and linked to al-Qaeda. It is led by Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, formerly known as al-Nusra Front. The alliance seek to consolidate power in Idlib and parts of the surrounding provinces.
Iran, Russia and Turkey announced in September they would jointly set up de-escalation zones for a period of six months in the provinces of Idlib Homs, Latakia, Aleppo, Hama and the Eastern Ghouta.
Raqqa is one of the last and most important remaining ISIL strongholds. The offensive to capture Raqqa was launched in November 2016, led by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) – the United States' closest ally in Syria.
An international coalition, backed by US forces has aided the SDF in regaining control of the province's Old City and several neighbourhoods. To date, they have captured more than 60 percent of Raqqa city and most of the surrounding northern province.
ISIL is now surrounded in small parts of the city, and the fall of the capital of the self-proclaimed Islamic State seems imminent, according to the United Nations.


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Home » World News » City Council's assault on Uber isn't really about congestion
City Council's assault on Uber isn't really about congestion
Even before the City Council voted 39-6 to impose a one-year cap on Uber and other for-hire vehicles, Speaker Corey Johnson had confessed the truth: "This is not going to solve the problem" of traffic congestion.
The council's goal, he later clarified, was simply to "do our best" to cut congestion, "or at least not add to it."
The actual fix, he said, is "congestion pricing, which is a separate issue."
Right: The real point of this package of bills was simply to give something to Uber's opponents, especially in the struggling yellow-cab industry. Which, as Councilman Eric Ulrich (R-Queens) put it, "is like putting a cap on Netflix subscriptions because Blockbusters are closing."
Other bills set a minimum wage for drivers for Uber and other services, and aim to impose regulatory parity with yellow cabs.
The cap has two carve-outs: There's no limit on new wheelchair-accessible vehicles, and neighborhoods that can show they are under-served could get added cars.
Overall, though, it's what Jason Snead called it in Wednesday's Post: a bid to "turn the clock back on a decade of innovation and all the benefits that have flowed from it."
This follows the council's similar effort to rein in Airbnb, which is similarly hated by vested interests but loved by those who use the service. Funny — it didn't used to be the progressives who tried to stand athwart history shouting: "Stop."
Johnson says the council might let the cap expire after a year, but experience suggests the opposite: Once enacted, it'll never disappear, as the city keeps "studying" the issue.
Dianne Feinstein was an easy mark for China's spy
Thug who beat man unconscious spared jail for 'doing right thing' by calling 999

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Eden Shadow is one of the youngest and freshest bands to appear in the art and progressive rock scene. Led by Welsh musician Ryan Elliott, the band sets out to make records that are both musically and conceptually grand in its scope, eclectic and outright ambitious and audacious. Eden Shadow also presents their music in a way that aims to capture all the magic of the 'golden' era of the album from bands in the 70's such as King Crimson and Pink Floyd whilst also looking forward to the future and the opportunities that the modern musical age has to offer.
Eden Shadow released their debut album 'Phases' in January 2014 through White Knight Records whilst Elliott was studying at the academy of contemporary music. The album was a collection of material that Elliott had written from the age of 16 and was produced and released with the introduction of bandmates, Alex Broben on Bass and Tom Burgess on Drums; the album also featured a guest appearance from Hawkwind's Nik Turner. 'Phases' was well received in the progressive community by reviewers and fans alike, and has sold copies in UK, USA, countries across Europe, Russia, Brazil and Japan.
In October 2016, Eden Shadow released their sophomore album, Melodies for Maladies an intense, ambitious and hard edged record that has widened the bands' profile. The record featured a new line up with Aled Lloyd on drums as well as artwork from Colin Elgie, (the same artist who created Pink Floyd and Genesis covers) and a guest appearance from woodwind and saxophonist extraordinaire Theo Travis. The record has received critical acclaim amongst the progressive metal community. The album conceptual explores dark themes such as subterfuge, the media, politics of fear, war, anxiety, depression and loss. Despite a heavy exploration into the melancholy, there is always a sense of subtle optimism.
Outstanding music. Picked up both Hail & Phases. My current favorites. Keep up the excellent work. Glad you guys are carrying the program torch.
i discovered your Music tonight…….great ! Elgon……..premium to ride a car by night.


The country experienced an economic boom in the 2000s, and in 2011 Peru was said to have one of the world's fastest-growing economies.
Chile is the second largest producer and exporter of avocados.
Chile is the second largest producer of salmon and the largest exporter of farmed salmon in the world.
7.3 million people enjoy Chilean salmon every day around the world.
Chile is an important producer and exporter of meat. Chilean Patagonia lamb is world-renowned.
Chilean fresh fruit exports reached USD 3.2 billion in 2010, representing almost 60% of all fresh fruit exports from the Southern Hemisphere.
25 million people eat Chilean fruit every day around the world.
Chile has more than 450 years of winemaking history.
In 2010 global exports of Chilean wine reached USD 1.6 billion.
Every day 9.8 million people drink a glass of Chilean wine.
Carmenere is a vine that was rediscovered in Chile some years ago and is recognised as an emblematic wine variety of the country.


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Three examples of False Claims Act Violations in 2017
On behalf of Rivas Goldstein, LLP | May 9, 2018 | Uncategorized |
The government collected over $1.8 billion in Medicare and Medicaid fraud cases in 2017. The government collected these funds through a combination of criminal convictions and settlements. Medicare fraud settlements with the government accounted for over $27 million.
The collection efforts were primarily the work of Medicaid fraud control units. The Medicare fraud control units investigate hospitals and medical professionals accused of Medicare and Medicaid fraud. Three examples of investigations that led to prominent healthcare fraud cases in 2017 include:
Ambulance company worker gets jail time. The court convicted an ambulance company worker for a healthcare fraud crime. The court sentenced the worker to three years of prison time and required he pay $484,556.
Hospital settles for $18 million. Banner Health agreed to pay $18 million to settle a claim with the government. The government stated that hospitals within this system submitted unnecessary claims for treatment. The government states that the patients could have received a less costly option.
Respiratory service provider settles for $10 million. The government accused a company that provided oxygen devices of knowingly delivering these devices to patients without a medical need and billing for devices that were never delivered. The company agreed to pay $9.68 million to the government to settle the claim.
These examples include an individual, hospital and medical product provider. This list is a good reflection of the reality of healthcare fraud cases: anyone can face these allegations. Those who do face allegations of healthcare fraud are wise to take prompt, proactive action.
Diagnostic Lab (10)
Diagnostic Testing And Reference Labs (1)
Health & Health Care Law (1)
Health Care Investigations (130)
Home Health Agencies (18)
Nurse Licensing (46)
Pharmacists And Pharmacies (5)
Physicians & Physicians Groups (3)
Physicians And Group Practices (133)
Stark Law/Anti-Kickback Statutes (44)
EKRA prosecutions in 2020: 3 lessons for lab managers
Is this the dawn of a new value-based care era?
Doctor takes on Dallas-based Tenet Healthcare, and wins
2 important lessons from recent health care fraud case
Will telehealth expansions continue through 21?
Schedule A Consultation With An Attorney
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Finally! After months of not being able to update this blog, I have overhauled the software on my site so that I can start posting again. I don't know what happened last year, but the Movable Type software on my server got screwed up so badly that even completely reinstalling it didn't fix the problems. The blog still looked normal, but when I logged into the Movable Type console, parts of it were scrambled and nonfunctional.
I knew that I would have to back up my files and then delete Movable Type completely, wiping the slate clean. Then I could install MT from scratch, restore my old blog posts from the backups, and hopefully go on from there. All I needed was the spare time to work on it. Unfortunately, I was involved in plays continually from August through December of last year. And since then, other things have demanded my attention.
But today, I finally was able to spend a whole day backing up and obliterating my old MT installation, installing the latest version, and then restoring my old data. Everything seems to be working now.
I hope to get back into the habit of regular blogging in the days and weeks to come, and to give this site a makeover. It looks dusty and neglected. Time to blow the cobwebs out of here.


After two decades of building and development, Digiworld has become one of the leading successful market expansion services providers in Vietnam with many achievements, particularly in the ICT sector. We have established trust partnerships with 30 of the world's leading corporations in various categories. Digiworld is highly valued by domestic and foreign institutions and has achieved numerous awards and certificates. To us, this is just the beginning.
Digiworld helps new brands enter the Vietnamese market in the fastest way possible with high efficiency and minimal cost. Digiworld has strong facilities and continues to expand by providing tailor-made solutions for market expansion through a package of five services, which can be flexible and customized to meet clients' needs. To us, this is an excellent solution.
Digiworld doesn't just stop at helping partners develop their business, we have also been helping brands achieve rapid success beyond all expectations and creating miracles for over two decades. To us, this is an outstanding success.


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When to Give Baby Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is approved for babies 6 months and up—but that doesn't mean it's always helpful. Here's what you need to know.
You don't have to be an experienced mom to know about baby acetaminophen (aka Infants' Tylenol). While scientists are still unclear how it works (there are several theories, including its ability to affect chemical messengers in the brain), the drug has been used to relieve fevers and soothe mild pain (such as from earaches) in babies as young as 12 weeks old. When your child reaches the six-month mark, however, you have a new choice when it comes over-the-counter pain relief for baby: ibuprofen—typically in the form of Infants' Motrin or Infants' Advil.
How does ibuprofen work?
Ibuprofen and fevers
When should I choose ibuprofen over acetaminophen?
Ibuprofen blocks the formation of substances called prostaglandins, which trigger the sensation of pain, swelling and inflammation. That's why the drug is recommended for fevers as well as pain (such as earaches and toothaches). Like acetaminophen, dosage is according to weight, not age, so read the dosage instructions carefully and weigh baby first. "Often when parents call me to say the medicine isn't working, but it's because the child has grown since the last time they gave her an ibuprofen and they haven't readjusted the dosage," says Tanya Altmann, MD, founder of Calabasas Pediatrics in Calabasas, California.
To get a good idea of baby's correct weight, Alanna Levine, MD, a New York-based pediatrician, suggests weighing yourself holding baby, then weigh yourself alone and calculate the difference.
Ibuprofen should be taken with food in order to prevent an upset stomach, Levine says. Use only the dropper or cup that comes with the medicine for the most accurate measurement (a kitchen tablespoon won't cut it). And don't lose hope if the meds don't kick in right away—it may take up to 45 minutes for baby to feel better.
When to comes to fevers, the priority is not to give baby medicine, but to make sure she's comfortable. You should give your little one a pain reliever only if she seems really uncomfortable due to the fever. If that's the case, acetaminophen and ibuprofen seem to provide similar results. Alternating between the two (aka combination therapy) doesn't necessarily provide better fever relief than each drug alone—plus, it can increase the risk of improper dosing, so the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against trying that.
As with any drug, ibuprofen comes with benefits and and risks. Side effects in babies can include upset stomach. And because ibuprofen metabolizes in the kidneys and affects blood platelets, parents of children with related medical conditions (say, kidney disease, leukemia or trouble with blood clotting) should talk with their doctor about the appropriate medication. Chances are, acetaminophen would be recommended, says Altmann, who is also author of several parenting books, including the forthcoming Baby and Toddler Basics. However, there are certain situations where ibuprofen is prefered, such as:
• You need longer-lasting pain relief. The effects of ibuprofen lasts six to eight hours, as opposed to acetaminophen's four to six. So ibuprofen before bedtime may allow for a more comfortable night's sleep, Altmann says; it may also come in handy when you're on the road. At home during the day, parents might want to depend on acetaminophen so you can more frequently assess baby's progress between doses of medication.
• Baby is suffering from moderate to severe pain. While acetaminophen is the go-to for mild to moderate aches, ibuprofen is typically considered more effective on tougher pain.
• If your child suffers from a liver condition. This is rare and something your pediatrician has probably informed you about. Because acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver, ibuprofen would typically be preferable—but always talk to your doctor about the best treatment and dose before giving any medication for your child.
Updated December 2017
Plus, more from The Bump:
Baby Fever Symptoms and Treatment
What to Know About Baby Teething Symptoms and Remedies
What to Do When Baby Has a Cold
What You Need to Know About the CDC 'Banned Words' Controversy
Giving Baby Antibiotics Linked to Adulthood Illness: Study
Why Are Babies Being Prescribed Psychiatric Drugs: One Doctor Weighs in
Linda Lagemann, PhD
Tool: Acetaminophen Chart
Giving Your Newborn Probiotics? Read This First
Tool: Ibuprofen Chart
A Surprising Number of Parents Give Baby the Wrong Dose of Medicine
How Can I Get Baby to Take His Medicine?
Children's Benadryl Dosage Chart
Erin van Vuuren
Day Care Under Investigation After Using Melatonin Gummies to Help Toddlers Nap
This Brilliant Hack Makes Giving Baby Medicine a Breeze
Q&A: When Should I Give Baby Acetaminophen - and How Much Is Safe?
Why This Toddler Is Approved for Medical Marijuana
You Might Be Able to Get Money From the Infants' Tylenol Settlement
Nehal Aggarwal


Fortnite Season 7 releases today and Epic Games has announced what you can expect in way of the Fortnite Battle Pass, skins, and of course, Fortnite Season 7 patch notes. For one, the Fortnite Battle Pass gets new challenges and skins for the same in-game price of 950 V-bucks. In fact, Epic Games has revealed that there are new styles you can unlock with Fortnite Battle Pass skins for Season 7. At the moment, Fortnite is down as the update is being prepped though expect the Fortnite Season 7 download size to be around 150MB on iOS like previous season updates.
The Fortnite Battle Pass receives some interesting changes this time around, giving you Lynx and Zenith skins from the get go. These Fortnite Battle Pass skins unlock new styles as you keep playing and levelling up. Furthermore, purchasing the Fortnite Battle Bundle nets you the Sgt. Winter skin as well. In addition to these, the Fortnite Season 7 Battle Pass has over 100 new exclusive rewards including new cosmetic item types known as Wraps. These allow you to customise your gear with all new looks to match and complement your favourite outfits. Fortnite Battle Pass owners will also get early access to their own island in Creative: a brand new place for you to build your dream Fortnite with your friends.
60fps enabled on the iPad Pro 2018.
Previosly, Epic Games confirmed Fortnite's Creative Mode. As we reported earlier, Fortnite Creative Mode will launch alongside Fortnite Season 7 on December 6. In Fortnite Creative Mode players would be able to customise their own private maps with game modes as they choose not too dissimilar to Minecraft. While the Fortnite Creative Mode release date is December 6, those who buy the Fortnite Battle Pass get to experience a week earlier with general access rolling out from December 13.
"Battle Pass owners will have access to a private island for the first week of Season 7," a post from Epic reads. "During this early access week Battle Pass owners can invite their friends to play on their island. Starting December 13, all players will have access to a private island for free."
Like all things Fortnite, Creative Mode is work in progress. Epic claims to give it the same level of attention and care it gives to the game's other modes.
"Fortnite Creative is new and exciting, but not final," the post continues. "We'll be adding many new features and improvements over the next few updates. Like Battle Royale and Save the World, we're committed to making this bigger and better over time."


The 15th Annual Heart Walk was a huge success with a net of $17,298! CaroMont Regional Medical Center hosted the Walk on Wednesday, May 9th. More than 40 teams and hundreds of people participated. The CaroMont Heart & Vascular "Flowmasters" were recognized as the Team that Raised the Most Money and Dr. Jim Arter was recognized as the King of Hearts!


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Die Frequenz 2182 kHz ist eine Funkfrequenz des Seefunkdienstes. Die Frequenz wurde mit dem SOLAS-Abkommen 1948 als verbindliche Anruf- und Notruf-Frequenz festgelegt. Die Frequenz diente als Sprechfunk-Ergänzung für die Funktelegraphie-Frequenz 500 kHz. Ursprünglich wurde mit der Amplitudenmodulation gearbeitet, ab 1973 wurde vermehrt mit Einseitenbandmodulation (SSB) im oberen Seitenband (USB) gearbeitet. Vor der Einführung des UKW-Kanals 16 (156,800 MHz) galt die Frequenz, neben der Mittelwellenfrequenz 500 kHz, als die wichtigste Frequenz für seegängige Schiffe und musste mit einem Wachempfänger auf der Brücke eines Schiffes abgehört werden. Heutzutage übernimmt die Frequenz 2187,5 kHz diese Aufgabe, auf der mit Digital Selective Calling (DSC) gearbeitet wird, einem automatischen Telex-Verfahren, welches ermöglicht, Schiffsdaten, Standort und weitere Informationen im Notruf zu übermitteln, während die Frequenz 2182 als Sprechfunkfrequenz ausgelegt war. Die Frequenz zählt in Deutschland zu der Grenzwelle, in englischsprachigen Ländern zu der Mittelwelle. Mit der Frequenz konnte eine Reichweite zwischen 500 und 1000 Kilometern erzielt werden. Auf der Frequenz musste von der vollen Stunde bis zur 3. Minute und von der 30. Minute bis zur 33. Minute Funkstille eingehalten werden. Diese Funkstille war notwendig, damit auch schwache Signale, z. B. von Rettungsbooten, empfangen werden konnten. Ursprünglich wurde die Frequenz von allen Grenz- und Kurzwellen-Küstenfunkstellen wie Norddeich Radio oder Kiel Radio abgehört. Mit der vollen Einführung von Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) erlosch die Verpflichtung, diese Frequenz abzuhören, und viele Küstenfunkstellen stellten ihre Funkwache auf dieser Frequenz ein. Auch erlosch die Verpflichtung für Schiffe diese Frequenz abzuhören, die mit GMDSS-Selektivrufverfahren ausgerüstet waren. Prinzipiell bedeutete dies das Ende des Berufs Funkoffizier oder Seefunker, da der Funker durch automatisierte Systeme ersetzt werden konnte. Obwohl die Frequenz ihre Bedeutung als Notruffrequenz verloren hat, wird sie weiterhin zur Abarbeitung von Seenotfällen verwendet. Herbeieilende Rettungsschiffe müssen mit dem Havaristen auf dieser Frequenz in Verbindung treten. Bei einem Seenotfall haben alle Aussendungen, die nicht den Rettungsmaßnahmen dienen, zu unterbleiben.

Notruf
Für die Aussendung eines Notrufs gab eine standardisierte Vorgehensweise, die in den Prüfungen zur Erteilung eines Seefunkzeugnisses geprüft wurde. Beispiel eines Notrufs:
"Mayday Mayday Mayday This is Seemöwe Seemöwe Seemöwe (fiktiver Schiffsname) Delta Alpha Foxtrot Golf (fiktives Rufzeichen) Mayday position xxx xxx, we are sinking, manning lifeboat Mayday (Betätigen der Mikrofontaste über mindestens 10 Sekunden, um Schiffen eine Peilung zu ermöglichen)." Alle hörenden Funkstationen mussten den Erhalt der Sendung quittieren oder konnten den Notruf mit Mayday Relay wiederholen. Diese Funktion übernahmen normalerweise die Küstenfunkstellen.

Sprechfunk-Alarmzeichen
Da das Abhören der Frequenz 2182 kHz auf der Brücke oft als störend empfunden wurde, wurden viele Brücken mit einem Sicherheitsempfänger ausgerüstet, der nur bei Empfang eines Sprechfunk-Alarmzeichens den Lautsprecher aktivierte. Das Sprechfunk-Alarmzeichen bestand aus zwei abwechselnd gesendeten, sinusförmigen Tönen von 2200 Hz und 1300 Hz über einen Zeitraum von einer Minute. Gewechselt wurden die Töne alle 250 Millisekunden. Erst nach Empfang einer solchen Nachricht wurde der Lautsprecher des Empfängers aktiviert. Parallel erfolgte ein Alarmsignal im Funkraum des Schiffes und in der Kammer des Funkoffiziers. Alarmzeichengeber waren auf Schiffen ab einer gewissen Größe vorgeschrieben.

Anrufe
Die Frequenz wurde auch zum Anrufen von Schiffen verwendet. Besonders Küstenfunkstellen kündigten damit vorliegende Telefongespräche und Telegramme an. Der eigentliche Funkverkehr fand auf anderen Frequenzen statt (diese wurden Arbeitsfrequenzen genannt). Beispiel einer Aussendung: "All ships all ships all ships this is Norddeich Radio. An alle Funkstellen, an alle Funkstellen, an alle Funkstellen hier ist Norddeich Radio. We have traffic for the following stations Verkehr liegt vor für (es folgte eine Liste von Funkrufzeichen und Schiffsnamen) Norddeich Radio is listening on, Norddeich Radio hört auf den folgenden Frequenzen (es folgte eine Liste der Bänder bzw. Frequenzen). Hier ist Norddeich Radio Ende des Sammelanrufs." Sammelanrufe wurden regelmäßig zumeist stündlich ausgesendet. Auch Wetternachrichten, wie Sturmwarnungen und nautische Nachrichten, wie zum Beispiel das Erlöschen eines Funkfeuers oder eines Leuchtturms, wurden auf dieser Frequenz angekündigt. Das Verlesen der eigentlichen Nachricht fand auf einer Arbeitsfrequenz statt.

Siehe auch
 Mayday
 Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre
 Hörwache

Einzelnachweise

Funkfrequenz
Seefunk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia