The Marques family always supported various public and private institutions in the fields of Culture, Sports and Leisure in the Azores, in addition to establishing many protocols of cooperation with other companies with the purpose to create special conditions for services and products to its workers and families.
The Marques, SGPS SA Company is a sponsor of the Teatro Micaelense and of the Coliseu Micaelense.
It has concluded throughout the years protocols of cooperation with, for instance, the Lagoa Secondary School with a Study Grant awarded to a student who is finishing her degree at Lisbon's Faculty of Medicine, besides the construction of the Parque Vulcanológico (Vulcanologic Park). It has also concluded protocols with the Economics and Management Department of the Azores University and with the Association of Friends of the Carlos Machado Museum.
The Marques family acknowledges that by investing in the students of the Azores schools it is promoting the training of great professionals, whose workforce and character may be crucial to the labour dynamics of the Autonomous Region of the Azores, therefore it also distinguished the best students of some of São Miguel's schools with specific awards, on account of the belief that incentive and reward favour the consistence of merit. As such, in 2006 Marques, SGPS, SA launched the programme "A pensar no futuro" ("thinking about the future"), destined to plan Field Trips of São Miguel's schools, opening the doors of the company's facilities to all students and teachers of all levels of education with the purpose of making the students and trainees reflect on their professional future.
Support to Grupo Desportivo Comercial, an entity taking on the organisation of Rally events in São Miguel, Rosinhas Vólei Clube, an entity taking on the organisations of motocross and ACSport competitions, and the organisation of Karting competitions. The competitions: Super Especial Grupo Marques of Sata Rallye of the Azores, competition counting for the Azorean, National and the IRC (Intercontinental Rally Challenge) championships, besides the PEC Marques in the vicinities of the Marques Britas' quarry. In Motocross, the Grand Prix Marques Group, in the vicinities of the company of the Soluções M. company.
In the field of Leasure, Marques has been supporting various entities, namely the Lions Clube da Lagoa and the Associação Portas do Mar, among other private enterprises.
In September 2012, the Rede Valorizar was present at the head office of the Marques Group SGPS, in Ribeira Grande, in the ceremony for the Award of the Vocational Certificates and the Academic Qualifications Diplomas of the group's workers. It was a partnership between Rede Valorizar, the Ribeira Grande Vocational School and the Marques Group, which enabled the professional and school advancement of yet another group of Azoreans.
Even though the GM provides assistance on a daily basis to more than 20 needy families, it was not enough. Therefore, the Projeto (project) Nó was implemented. As a result, various cans "O Nó" are handed out all over the Group, so that the workers may make a contribution in money throughout the year. Around Christmas, the amount collected is added to the assistance already provided and used to buy baskets filled with products of excellent nutritional quality.


Always popping up in the most unexpected places, Stan Lee pulled off another semi-secret cameo, this one in Honda's Super Bowl ad for its revamped CR-V. Using the tag line: "Chase your dreams!" Honda assembled a group of celebrities, each appearing as a version of their high school selves. Then, using voiceovers, they discuss how the viewer might tackle his or her dreams.
"If you want to make a universe, make a universe!"
Other celebrities in the Honda ad include, among others: Robert Redford, Magic Johnson, Steve Carell, Missy Elliot, and Viola Davis.
If Lee looks exceedingly young in the photo, it is because he graduated from DeWitt Clinton High School in 1939, not yet 17-years old. Since he grew up in the tragic days of the Great Depression, Lee's mother Celia pushed him to skip grades so that he could graduate and enter the workforce.
Soon after graduation, Lee joined Timely Comics. Within a year, the young man became its defacto editor-in-chief (though he didn't use that title) and art director, despite the fact that he was still a teen.


Pregnancy is hard and having a sense of humor during that time is harder. But sometimes that's all you have when you need to get through those long days!
#1 Its Totally Worth It!
#3 No Periods? Sign Me Up!
#23 What Fruit Does Your Baby Look Like?


text:
WATCH: Final Saban, Swinney Press Conference Before National Championship Game
Kevin Connell
Kevin Connell Published: January 10, 2016
(Photo by Jennifer Stewart/Getty Images)
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. – Now, only the game stands in front of them.
Alabama coach Nick Saban and Clemson coach Dabo Swinney met with reporters for the last time until after Monday night's College Football Playoff National Championship game in a joint press conference Sunday morning.
The coaches, both of whom were escorted over to the JW Marriott Camelback Inn – where the press conference was held – from their own team hotels, took turns answering questions inside a packed ballroom.
Saban was asked about his final game coaching with Kirby Smart, who moves into a full-time role as Georgia's head coach at the conclusion of the game, among other things, while a few of Swinney's questions about his time as a player on the 1992 Alabama national championship team.
Overall, Saban was asked five questions compared to seven for Swinney. One question, not included, was addressed for both coaches. Saban also jumped in on the final question of the presser, regarding juniors weighing their NFL futures. Saban, as he's said in the past, commented that he wishes the NFL would move the declare date back until the conclusion of that player's season. Swinney agreed.
Watch the below videos, in three parts, for the full press conference.
Full transcript of the press conference, click here.
Nick Saban: Kirby Smart Departure Like A Son Moving Away
Filed Under: Alabama Crimson Tide, Clemson Tigers, Nick Saban
Categories: Alabama

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}

The finite element method is a powerful and efficient method to handle complicated geometries and impose the associated boundary conditions. However, in some cases, the treatment of the Dirichlet-type boundary conditions compromise the stability and accuracy of the standard finite element method \cite{JS09}.

In order to relax the Dirichlet boundary condition constraint, we need to modify the standard finite element approach. Generally, we can do this by imposing the Dirichlet boundary condition as a penalty term \cite{Aub72, Bab73}. One of such methods is Nitsche's method \cite{Nit71}, which imposes the Dirichlet boundary condition weakly in the formulation without the need of a Lagrange multiplier. Moreover, compared to other penalty method, Nitsche's method adds the consistency, symmetry and stability terms so that this method can achieve optimal convergence. There are so many applications of Nitsche's method in many areas, such as elasticity \cite{BBH09}, interface problems \cite{Han05}, potential flows \cite{JGS16} and plasticity \cite{Tru16}.

In this article, we modify a mixed finite element method, based on the three-field formulation \cite{IL16}, with Nitsche approach to solve a Poisson problem. A similar three-field formulation, known as Hu-Washizu formulation, is popular in linear elasticity field \cite{LMR13}. The three-field formulation allows us to apply a biorthogonal system which leads to a very efficient finite element method. In order to overcome the difficulty of coercivity condition, we introduce a stabilisation term \cite{IL16} of the associated bilinear form so that it is coercive on the whole space.

The structure of the article is as follows. In the next section we recall the Nitsche formulation for Poisson problem and introduce a three-field formulation with this approach. We modify the three-field formulation to include a stabilisation term. We introduce the finite element approximation and prove the well-posedness condition in Section \ref{sec:fem}. We then show the algebraic formulation and a priori error estimate in Section \ref{sec:algest}. Two numerical examples are presented in Section \ref{sec:examples}. Finally, a short conclusion is written in Section \ref{sec:conclusion}.

\section{A Three-field Formulation for Poisson Problem}

\label{sec:formulation}

\subsection*{Sobolev Spaces}

Let $V=H^{1}\left( \Omega \right) $ and $L=\left[ L^{2}\left( \Omega \right)\right] ^{2}$. The Sobolev spaces $H^{k}\left( S\right) $ for $S\subset\Omega $ or $S\subset \Gamma $, and $k\geq 0$ are defined in the standard way \cite{Cia78}. We introduce the space $H^{-1/2}\left(\Gamma \right) $, the dual space of $H^{1/2}\left( \Omega \right) $, with the norm
\begin{equation*}
\left\Vert \mu \right\Vert _{-1/2,\Gamma }=\sup_{z\in H^{1/2}\left( \Gamma \right) }\frac{\left\langle \mu ,z\right\rangle }{\left\Vert z\right\Vert_{1/2,\Gamma }}
\end{equation*}
where $\left\langle \cdot ,\cdot \right\rangle $ denotes the duality pairing. For functions $v\in H^{1}\left( \Omega \right) $ with $\Delta v\in L^{2}\left( \Omega \right) $, it holds \cite{Bab73} $\frac{\partial v}{\partial n}\in H^{-1/2}\left( \Gamma \right) $ with
\begin{equation*}
\left\Vert \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}\right\Vert _{-1/2,\Gamma }\leq C\left( \left\Vert v\right\Vert _{1}+\left\Vert \Delta v\right\Vert_{0}\right) .
\end{equation*}

We will also introduce the mesh-dependent norms
\begin{eqnarray*}
\left\Vert v\right\Vert _{1/2,h}^{2} &=&\sum \frac{1}{h_{e}}\left\Vert v\right\Vert _{0,e}^{2}\text{ for }v\in H^{1}\left( \Omega \right),  \\
\left\Vert z\right\Vert _{-1/2,h}^{2} &=&\sum h_{e}\left\Vert z\right\Vert_{0,e}^{2}\text{ for }z\in L^{2}\left( \Gamma \right),
\end{eqnarray*
and for these norms it holds
\begin{equation}
\left\langle v,z\right\rangle \leq \left\Vert v\right\Vert_{1/2,h}\left\Vert z\right\Vert _{-1/2,h}\text{ for }\left( v,z\right) \in H^{1}\left( \Omega \right) \times L^{2}\left( \Gamma \right).
\label{ineq:dualpair}
\end{equation}

For the rest of the article, we denote
\begin{equation*}
\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{1,h}=\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{1,\Omega}+\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{1/2,h}\text{ for }u\in H^{1}\left(\Omega\right).
\end{equation*}

\subsection*{Nitsche Formulation for the Poisson Problem}

The mixed formulation is obtained by introducing $\sigma =\nabla u$. Given $f\in L^{2}\left( \Omega \right) $, the (Nitsche) minimisation problem can be written as
\begin{equation}
\argmin_{\substack{ \left( u,\sigma \right) \in V\times L \\ \sigma=\nabla u}}\frac{1}{2}\left\Vert \sigma \right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\frac{\alpha }{2}\left\Vert u-g_{D}\right\Vert _{1/2,h}^{2}-\left\langle \sigma\cdot \mathbf{n},v-g_{D}\right\rangle -\int_{\Omega }fu \,dx.  \label{eq:minmixed}
\end{equation}

We write a variational equation for $\sigma =\nabla u$ using the Lagrange multiplier space $M=L$ to obtain the saddle-point problem of the minimisation problem \eqref{eq:minmixed}.
The saddle point formulation is to find $\left( u,\sigma ,\varphi \right) \in V\times L\times M$ such that
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{lcll}
\tilde{a}\left[ \left( u,\sigma \right) ,\left( v,\tau \right) \right] +b\left[ \left( v,\tau \right) ,\varphi \right]  &=&\ell \left( v,\tau\right) ,&\left( v,\tau \right) \in V\times L,  \notag \\
b\left[ \left( u,\sigma \right) ,\psi \right]  &=&0,&\psi \in M,
\end{array}
\label{eq:original}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{eqnarray*}
\tilde{a}\left[ \left( u,\sigma \right) ,\left( v,\tau \right) \right] &=&\int_{\Omega }\sigma \cdot \tau \,dx+\alpha \left\langle u,v\right\rangle_{1/2,h}-\left\langle \sigma \cdot \mathbf{n},v\right\rangle -\left\langle\tau \cdot \mathbf{n},u\right\rangle , \\
b\left[ \left( u,\sigma \right) ,\psi \right]  &=&\int_{\Omega }\left(\sigma -\nabla u\right) \psi \,dx, \\
\ell \left( v,\tau\right)&=&\int_{\Omega }fv\,dx-\left\langle \tau \cdot \mathbf{n},g_{D}\right\rangle +\alpha\left\langle g_{D},v\right\rangle _{1/2,h}.
\end{eqnarray*
where $\left\langle \cdot ,\cdot \right\rangle $ denotes duality pairing between $H^{1/2}\left( \Omega \right) $ and $H^{-1/2}\left( \Gamma \right) $.

\section{Finite Element Discretisation}
\label{sec:fem}

Let $\mathcal{T}_{h}$ be a quasi-uniform triangulation of the polygonal domain $\Omega $. We use the standard linear finite element space $V_{h}\subset H^{1}\left( \Omega \right) $ defined on the triangulation $\mathcal{T}_{h}$, where
\begin{equation*}
V_{h}:=\{v\in C^{0}\left( \Omega \right) :v|_{T}\in \mathcal{P}_{1}\left(T\right) ,T\in \mathcal{T}_{h}\}.
\end{equation*}

The finite element space for the gradient of the solution is $L_{h}=\left[ V_{h}\right]^{2}$. Let $\{\rho _{1},\rho _{2},\dots ,\rho _{N}\}$ be the finite element basis for $V_{h}$. Starting with the standard basis for $V_{h}$, we construct a space $Q_{h}$ spanned by the basis $\{\mu _{1},\mu _{2},\dots,\mu _{N}\}$ so that the basis functions of $V_{h}$ and $Q_{h}$ satisfy the biorthogonality condition
\begin{equation*}
\int_{\Omega }\rho _{i}\mu _{j}\,dx=c_{j}\delta _{ij},\quad c_{j}\neq 0,\quad 1\leq i,j,\leq N,
\end{equation*}
where $\delta _{ij}$ is the Kronecker symbol, and $c_{j}$ a scaling factor. Therefore, the sets of basis functions of $V_{h}$ and $Q_{h}$ form a biorthogonal system. The basis functions of $Q_{h}$ are constructed locally on a reference element $\hat{T}$ so that the basis functions of $V_{h}$ and $Q_{h}$ have the same support, and in each element the sum of all the basis functions of $Q_{h}$ is one \cite{LMR13}. We let $M_{h}=\left[ Q_{h}\right] ^{2}$, thus our problem is to find $\left( u_{h},\sigma _{h},\varphi_{h}\right) \in V_{h}\times L_{h}\times M_{h}$ such that
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{lcll}
\tilde{a}\left[ \left( u_{h},\sigma _{h}\right) ,\left( v_{h},\tau _{h}\right)\right] +b\left[ \left( v_{h},\tau _{h}\right) ,\varphi _{h}\right] &=&\ell\left( v_{h}, \tau_h\right) ,&\left( v_{h},\tau _{h}\right) \in V_{h}\times L_{h}, \\
b\left[ \left( u_{h},\sigma _{h}\right) ,\psi _{h}\right] &=&0,&\psi_{h}\in M_{h}.
\end{array}
\label{eq:algebraic}
\end{equation}
To show that the saddle-point problem has a unique solution, we need to show
that the following well-posedness conditions are satisfied.

\begin{enumerate}
\item The linear form $\ell \left( \cdot \right) $, the bilinear forms
\tilde{a}\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $ and $b\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $
are continuous on the spaces in which they are defined.

\item The bilinear form $\tilde{a}\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $ is coercive
on the kernel space $K_h$ defined a
\begin{equation*}
K_h=\left\{ \left( u_h,\sigma_h \right) \in V_h\times L_h:b\left[ \left( u_h,\sigma_h
\right) ,\psi_h \right] =0,~\text{for all }\psi_h \in M_h\right\} .
\end{equation*}

\item The bilinear form $b\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $ satisfies the
\textit{inf-sup }conditio
\begin{equation*}
\inf_{\psi_h \in M_h}\sup_{\left( v_h,\tau_h \right) \in V_h\times L_h}\frac{b\left[
\left( v_h,\tau_h \right) ,\psi_h \right] }{\left\Vert v_h,\tau_h \right\Vert
_{V_h\times L_h}\left\Vert \psi_h \right\Vert _{0,\Omega}}\geq \gamma ,~\gamma >0.
\end{equation*}
\end{enumerate}

The mesh-dependent norm for the product space $V_h\times L_h$ is defined by
\begin{equation*}
\left\Vert u_h,\sigma_h \right\Vert _{V_h\times L_h}^{2}=\left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1,h}^{2}
+ \left\Vert \sigma_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}, \quad \left( u_h,\sigma_h \right) \in V_h\times L_h.
\end{equation*}

With the introduction of $M_h$, the bilinear form $\tilde{a}\left[ \cdot,\cdot \right] $ is not coercive on the kernel subspace $K_h\subset V_h\times L_h$. Thus, we need to modify the bilinear form $\tilde{a}\left[ \cdot,\cdot \right] $ so that it is coercive on the kernel space $K_h$ or even the whole space $V_h\times L_h$. In this article, we modify the bilinear form $\tilde{a}\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $ by adding a stabilisation term so that it is coercive on the whole space $V_h\times L_h$ \cite{IL16}
\begin{eqnarray*}
a\left[ \left( u_h,\sigma_h \right) ,\left( v_h,\tau_h \right) \right]&=& r\int_{\Omega }\sigma_h \cdot \tau_h \,dx+\left( 1-r\right) \int_{\Omega }\nabla u_h\cdot \nabla v_h\,dx\\
& & +\alpha \left\langle u_h,v_h\right\rangle_{1/2,h}-\left\langle \sigma_h \cdot \mathbf{n},v_h\right\rangle -\left\langle\tau_h \cdot \mathbf{n},u_h\right\rangle,
\end{eqnarray*}
for $0<r<1$.

We use the following inverse estimate result \cite{JS09} to show the continuity condition of $\ell \left( \cdot \right) $ and also continuity and coercivity condition of the bilinear form $a\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $,
\begin{equation}
C_{I}\left\Vert \frac{\partial v_h}{\partial n}\right\Vert _{-1/2,h}\leq\left\Vert \nabla v_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }\text{ for }v_h\in V_{h}.
\label{ineq:inverse}
\end{equation}
The continuity of the linear form $\ell \left( \cdot \right) $, and the bilinear forms $a\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $ and $b\left[ \cdot ,\cdot \right] $ then follows from the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, the duality pairing \eqref{ineq:dualpair} and the inverse estimate \eqref{ineq:inverse}.

For the coercivity condition, using the inverse estimate \eqref{ineq:inverse} and the following Poincare-Friedrichs inequality,
\begin{equation*}
\left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1,\Omega }^{2}=\left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega}^{2}+\left\Vert \nabla u_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}\leq \left(c^{2}+1\right) \left\Vert \nabla u_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2},
\end{equation*}
we can write
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
&\left\vert a\left[ \left( u_h,\sigma_h \right) ,\left( u_h,\sigma_h \right) \right]\right\vert&\\
&=r\left\Vert \sigma_h \right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\left(1-r\right) \left\Vert \nabla u_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\alpha \left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1/2,h}^{2}-2\left\langle \sigma_h \cdot \mathbf{n},u_h\right\rangle , &\\
&\geq r\left\Vert \sigma_h \right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\left( 1-r\right)\left\Vert \nabla u_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}-2\left\Vert \sigma_h \cdot \mathbf{n}\right\Vert _{-1/2,h }\left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1/2,h}+\alpha \left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1/2,h}^{2}, &\\
&\geq r\left\Vert \sigma_h \right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\left( 1-r\right)\left\Vert \nabla u_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}-\left( \frac{1}{\varepsilon }\left\Vert \sigma_h \cdot \mathbf{n}\right\Vert _{-1/2,h}^{2}+\varepsilon \left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1/2,h }^{2}\right) +\alpha\left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1/2,h}^{2}, &\\
&\geq \left( r-\frac{1}{\varepsilon C_{I}}\right) \left\Vert \sigma_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\left( 1-r\right) \left\Vert \nabla u_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\left( \alpha -\varepsilon \right) \left\Vert u_h\right\Vert _{1/2,h}^{2}, &\\
&\geq \left( r-\frac{1}{\varepsilon C_{I}}\right) \left\Vert \sigma_h\right\Vert _{0,\Omega }^{2}+\frac{1-r}{c^{2}+1}\left\Vert u_h\right\Vert_{1,\Omega }^{2}+\left( \alpha -\varepsilon \right) \left\Vert u_h\right\Vert_{1/2,h}^{2}, &\\
&\geq C\left\Vert \left( u_h,\sigma_h \right) \right\Vert _{V_h\times L_h}^{2},&
\end{aligned}
\label{ineq:coercivity}
\end{equation}
where $C$ is the minimum of $\left( r-\frac{1}{\varepsilon C_{I}}\right)$, $\frac{1-r}{c^{2}+1}$ and $\left( \alpha -\varepsilon \right)$. We also require $\frac{1}{C_{I}}<r\varepsilon <\varepsilon<\alpha $ and $0<r<1$. From this point forward, we use constant $C$ as a mesh-independent generic constant.

Now the \textit{inf-sup }condition for the bilinear form $b\left[ \cdot,\cdot \right] $ can be shown as in \cite{IL16}.
Thus we have proved the following theorem.

\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:solution}The saddle point problem \eqref{eq:algebraic} with stabilised $a\left[\cdot,\cdot\right]$ has a unique solution $\left( u_h,\sigma_h ,\varphi_h \right) \in V_h\times L_h\times M_h$. The solution also satisfies $\left\Vert \left( u_h,\sigma_h \right) \right\Vert _{V_h\times L_h} + \left\Vert \varphi_h \right\Vert_{0,\Omega} \leq C\left\Vert f \right\Vert_{0,\Omega}.$
\end{theorem}

\section{Algebraic Formulation}

\label{sec:algest}

In order to present an algebraic formulation of the problem, we use $\left(x_{u},x_{\sigma },x_{\varphi }\right) $ for the vector representation of thesolution $\left( u_{h},\sigma _{h},\varphi _{h}\right) $ as elements in $V_{h}\times L_{h}\times M_{h}$. Let $S$, $D$, $A$, $B$, $C$ and $M$ be the matrices associated with bilinear forms $\int_{\Omega }\nabla u_{h}\cdot \nabla v_{h}\,dx,~\int_{\Omega }\tau _{h}\cdot \varphi _{h}\,dx,~\int_{\Gamma}\left( \sigma _{h}\cdot \mathbf{n}\right) u_{h}~ds,$ $\int_{\Omega}\nabla v_{h}\cdot\varphi _{h}\,dx,~\sum \frac{1}{h_{e}}\int_{e}u_{h}v_{h}~ds $ and $\int_{\Omega }\sigma _{h}\cdot \tau _{h}\,dx$, respectively. For the right hand side, we write $\mathbf{f}_1$ and $\mathbf{f}_2$ to represent the discrete forms of $\int_{\Omega }f\,v_h\,dx\,v_h\,ds +\alpha \left\langle g_{D},v_h\right\rangle _{1/2,h}$ and $\left\langle \tau_h \cdot \mathbf{n},g_{D}\right\rangle$, respectively. Then the algebraic formulation of the problem is
\begin{equation}
\left[
\begin{array}{ccc}
\left( 1-r\right) S+\alpha C & -A & -B \\
-A^{T} & rM & D \\
-B^{T} & D & 0
\end{array
\right] \left[
\begin{array}{c}
x_{u} \\
x_{\sigma } \\
x_{\varphi }
\end{array}
\right] =\left[
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{f}_1 \\
-\mathbf{f}_2 \\
\mathbf{0}
\end{array}
\right] ,
\label{matrix1st}
\end{equation
where the first two equations of \eqref{matrix1st} correspond to first equation of \eqref{eq:algebraic} with stabilised $a\left[\cdot,\cdot\right]$, by setting $\sigma _{h}=0$ and $v_{h}=0$, respectively. After statically condensing out degrees of freedom associated with $\sigma_h$ and $\phi_h$ in \eqref{matrix1st}, we arrive at the following system
\[
Kx_u = F
\]
where
\begin{eqnarray*}
K & = & \left(1-r\right)S + \alpha C - AD^{-1}B^{T} - BD^{-1}A^{T} + rBD^{-1}MD^{-1}B^{T},\\
F & = & \mathbf{f}_1 - BD\mathbf{f}_2.
\end{eqnarray*}
Due to the choice of a biorthogonal system, matrix $D$ is diagonal. As a result, the statically condensed system matrix is sparse.

We introduce two projections $P_h:L^2\left(\Omega\right) \rightarrow Q_h$ and $P^{\ast}_h:L^2(\Omega) \rightarrow V_h$ as follows for $v \in L^2(\Omega)$.
\begin{equation}
\int\left(P_h v-v\right)\cdot\mu_{h}\,dx=0,\quad\mu_{h}\in Q_{h},\\
\int\left(P^{\ast}_h v-v\right)\cdot\varphi_{h}\,dx=0,\quad\varphi_{h}\in V_{h}.\\
\end{equation}

They satisfy the following estimates for $u \in H^1(\Omega)$ :
\begin{equation}
\Vert P_h u - u \Vert_{0,\Omega} \leq Ch \Vert u \Vert_{1,\Omega}, \quad
\Vert P^{\ast}_h u - u \Vert_{0,\Omega} \leq Ch \Vert u \Vert_{1,\Omega}.
\label{ineq:Pestimate}
\end{equation}
Using this projection, our problem is to find $u_{h}\in V_{h}$ such that,
\begin{equation}
A\left(u_{h},v_{h}\right)=L\left(v_{h}\right),~v_{h}\in V_{h}
\label{eq:condensed}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
A\left(u_{h},v_{h}\right) & =\int_{\Omega}P_h\left(\nabla u_{h}\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla v_{h}\right)\,dx+\alpha\left\langle u_{h},v_{h}\right\rangle _{1/2,h}\\
&\quad -\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u_{h}\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)v_{h}~ds-\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla v_{h}\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)u_{h}~ds,\\
L\left(v_{h}\right)  & =\int_{\Omega}fv_{h}\,dx-\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla v_{h}\right)\cdot n\right)g_{D}~ds+\alpha\left\langle g_{D},v_{h}\right\rangle _{1/2,h}.
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
We also introduce two mesh-dependent norms
\begin{equation*}
\begin{array}{ll}
\left\Vert u_{h}\right\Vert _{h}^{2}  =\left\Vert u_{h}\right\Vert_{1,h}^{2}+\left\Vert P_{h}\left(\nabla u_{h}\right)\right\Vert_{0,\Omega}^{2}, & u_h \in V_h,\\
\vertiii{u}_{h}^{2}  =\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{1,h}^{2}+\left\Vert P_{h}\left(\nabla u\right)\right\Vert_{0,\Omega}^{2}+\left\Vert \nabla u\cdot n\right\Vert _{-1/2,h}^{2}, & u \in H^2\left(\Omega\right),
\end{array}
\end{equation*}
so that
\begin{equation}
\left\vert A\left(u,v_{h}\right)\right\vert \leq\left\vert \left\Vert u\right\Vert \right\vert _{h}\left\Vert v_{h}\right\Vert _{h},\quad u\in V\text{ and }v_{h}\in V_{h}.
\label{ineq:continuity}
\end{equation}
We get the following estimate combining the interpolation estimate of Lemma 3.4 of \cite{JS09}.
\begin{equation}\label{lemma1}
\inf_{v_h \in V_{h}}\vertiii{u-v_h}_{h}\leq
Ch\left\Vert u \right\Vert _{2,\Omega}.
\end{equation}
We then have the following theorem.

\begin{theorem}
\label{thm:apriori}Let $u_{h}\in V_{h}$ be the solution to the problem \eqref{eq:condensed}. Suppose that $u\in H^{2}\left( \Omega \right) $ is the solution to the problem \eqref{eq:original} then
\begin{equation*}
\left\Vert u-u_{h}\right\Vert _{h}\leq Ch\left\Vert u \right\Vert _{2,\Omega}.
\end{equation*}
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
	From the coercivity \eqref{ineq:coercivity} and continuity condition \eqref{ineq:continuity},
	\begin{equation*}
	\begin{aligned}
	\alpha\left\Vert u_{h}-v_{h}\right\Vert _{h}^{2}  & \leq A\left(u_{h}-v_{h},u_{h}-v_{h}\right),\\
	& =A\left(u-v_{h},u_{h}-v_{h}\right)-A\left(u,u_{h}-v_{h}\right)+A\left(u_{h},u_{h}-v_{h}\right),\\
	& =A\left(u-v_{h},u_{h}-v_{h}\right)-A\left(u,u_{h}-v_{h}\right)+L\left(u_{h}-v_{h}\right),\\
	& \leq\left\vert \left\Vert u-v_{h}\right\Vert \right\vert _{h}\left\Vert u_{h}-v_{h}\right\Vert _{h}+L\left(u_{h}-v_{h}\right)-A\left(u,u_{h}-v_{h}\right).
	\end{aligned}
	\end{equation*}
	Using $w_{h}=u_{h}-v_{h}$ and divide both sides by $\left\Vert w_{h}\right\Vert_{h}$, we get
	\begin{equation*}
	\alpha\left\Vert u_{h}-v_{h}\right\Vert _{h}\leq\vertiii{u-v_{h}}_{h}+\frac{L\left(w_{h}\right)-A\left(u,w_{h}\right)}{\left\Vert w_{h}\right\Vert _{h}}.
	\end{equation*}
	Following exactly as in the proof of Strang's second lemma \cite{Bra07} we get
	\begin{equation}
	\left\Vert u-u_{h}\right\Vert _{h} \leq C\left(\inf_{v_h \in V_h}\vertiii{u-v_{h}}_{h}+\sup_{w_{h} \in V_h}\frac{L\left(w_{h}\right)-A\left(u,w_{h}\right)}{\left\Vert w_{h}\right\Vert_{h}}\right).
	\label{ineq:Strang}
	\end{equation}
	The first term on the right hand side of \eqref{ineq:Strang} can be estimated using \eqref{lemma1}. For the second term of \eqref{ineq:Strang}, recall that $f=-\Delta u$ so we can write the numerator as follows.
	\begin{equation}
	\begin{aligned}
	& \int_{\Omega}	fw_{h}\,dx-\int_{\Omega}P_{h}\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx+\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u\right)	\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)w_{h}~ds\\
	& =-\int_{\Omega}\Delta uw_{h}\,dx-\int_{\Omega}P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx+\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)w_{h}~ds\\
	& =\int_{\Omega}\nabla u\cdot\nabla w_{h}\,dx-\int_{\Gamma}\left(\nabla u\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)w_{h}~ds\\
	& \quad -\int_{\Omega}P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx+\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)w_{h}~ds\\
	& =\int_{\Omega}\nabla u\cdot\nabla w_{h}\,dx-\int_{\Omega}P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx\\
	& \quad +\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}-\nabla u\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)w_{h}~ds\\
	& =\int_{\Omega}\nabla u\cdot\nabla w_{h}\,dx-\int_{\Omega}\nabla u\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx+\int_{\Omega}\nabla u\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx\\
	& \quad -\int_{\Omega}P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla	w_{h}\right)\,dx+\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}-\nabla u\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)w_{h}~ds\\
	& =\int_{\Omega}\nabla u\cdot\left(\nabla w_{h}-P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\right)\,dx+\int_{\Omega}\left(\nabla u-P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx\\
	& \quad +\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}-\nabla u\cdot\mathbf{n}\right)w_{h}~ds
	\end{aligned}
	\label{eq:Strang2}
	\end{equation}

	We can estimate the first term of \eqref{eq:Strang2} using approximation property of $P_h^{\ast}$ \eqref{ineq:Pestimate} as
	\begin{equation*}
	\begin{aligned}
	\int_{\Omega}\nabla u\cdot\left(\nabla w_{h}-P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\right)\,dx  & =\int_{\Omega}\left(\nabla u-P_h^{\ast}\left(\nabla u\right)\right)\cdot\left(\nabla w_{h}-P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\right)\,dx,\\
	& \leq\left\Vert \nabla u-P_h^{\ast}\left(\nabla u\right)\right\Vert_{0,\Omega}\left\Vert \nabla w_{h}-P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\right\Vert _{0,\Omega},\\
	& \leq Ch\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{2,\Omega}\left\Vert \nabla w_{h}-P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\right\Vert _{0,\Omega}.
	\end{aligned}
	\end{equation*}
	We can estimate the second term of \eqref{eq:Strang2} using approximation property of $P_h$ \eqref{ineq:Pestimate} as
	\begin{equation*}
	\begin{aligned}
	\int_{\Omega}\left(\nabla u-P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\right)\cdot P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\,dx  & \leq\left\Vert \nabla u-P_h\left(	\nabla u\right)\right\Vert _{0,\Omega}\left\Vert P_h\left(\nabla	w_{h}\right)\right\Vert _{0,\Omega},\\
	& \leq Ch\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{2,\Omega}\left\Vert P_h\left(\nabla w_{h}\right)\right\Vert _{0,\Omega},
	\end{aligned}
	\end{equation*}
	We can estimate the third term of \eqref{eq:Strang2} as
	\begin{equation*}
	\begin{aligned}
	\int_{\Gamma}\left(P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot n-\nabla u\cdot n\right)w_{h}~ds  & \leq\left\Vert P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}-\nabla u\cdot\mathbf{n}\right\Vert _{-1/2,h}\left\Vert	w_{h}\right\Vert _{1/2,h},\\
	& \leq Ch\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{2,\Omega}\left\Vert w_{h}\right\Vert_{1/2,h},
	\end{aligned}
	\end{equation*}
	where
	\[
	\left\Vert P_h\left(\nabla u\right)\cdot\mathbf{n}-\nabla u\cdot\mathbf{n}\right\Vert _{-1/2,h} \leq Ch\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{2,\Omega},
	\]
	follows from the approximation property of $P_h$ \cite{LW04}.
	Combining all estimates concludes the proof.
\end{proof}

\section{Numerical Examples}

\label{sec:examples}

In this section, we show two numerical examples to verify the convergence rate of our approach. We compute the error in $L^{2}$-norm and the rate of convergence for $u$ and $\sigma $. We also compute the error in $H^{1}$-norm and the rate of convergence for $u$. We will use pure Dirichlet boundary conditions for all our examples.

\subsection*{Example 1}

We consider the exact solution
\begin{equation*}
u=xy\left( 1-x\right) \left( 1-y\right) ,
\end{equation*
for the first example. The errors for this example with pure Dirichlet boundary conditions are shown in Table \ref{tab:ex1}.
\begin{table}[htb!]
	\centering
	\caption{Discretisation errors with pure Dirichlet boundary conditions for example 1}
	\begin{tabular}{|c|cc|cc|cc|}
		\hline
		\multirow{2}{*}{elem} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\left\Vert u - u_h\right\Vert_{0,\Omega}$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\left\Vert u - u_h\right\Vert_{1,h}$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\left\Vert \sigma - \sigma_h\right\Vert_{0,\Omega}$} \\ \hhline{~------}
		& error & rate & error & rate & error & rate \\\hline
    8 & 3.74e-02 &  & 1.98e-01 &  & 1.73e-01 & \\\hline
   32 & 8.89e-03 & 2.0742 & 1.09e-01 & 0.8654 & 5.94e-02 & 1.5444 \\\hline
  128 & 1.92e-03 & 2.2083 & 5.53e-02 & 0.9754 & 1.81e-02 & 1.7175 \\\hline
  512 & 4.37e-04 & 2.1364 & 2.76e-02 & 1.0035 & 5.68e-03 & 1.6702 \\\hline
 2048 & 1.04e-04 & 2.0752 & 1.37e-02 & 1.0062 & 1.87e-03 & 1.6056 \\\hline
 8192 & 2.52e-05 & 2.0392 & 6.85e-03 & 1.0042 & 6.33e-04 & 1.5590 \\\hline
	\end{tabular}
	\label{tab:ex1}
\end{table}

\subsection*{Example 2}

We consider the exact solutio
\begin{equation*}
u=e^{x^{2}+y^{2}}+y^{2}\cos \left( xy\right) +x^{2}\sin \left( xy\right) ,
\end{equation*
for our second example. The errors for this example with pure Dirichlet boundary conditions are shown in Table \ref{tab:ex2}.
\begin{table}[htb!]
	\centering
	\caption{Discretisation errors with pure Dirichlet boundary conditions for example 2}
	\begin{tabular}{|c|cc|cc|cc|}
		\hline
		\multirow{2}{*}{elem} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\left\Vert u - u_h\right\Vert_{0,\Omega}$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\left\Vert u - u_h\right\Vert_{1,h}$} & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$\left\Vert \sigma - \sigma_h\right\Vert_{0,\Omega}$}\\ \hhline{~------}
		& error & rate & error & rate & error & rate \\\hline
    8 & 7.36e-01 &  & 4.23e+00 &  & 2.32e+00 & \\\hline
   32 & 1.50e-01 & 2.2902 & 2.10e+00 & 1.0110 & 8.56e-01 & 1.4381 \\\hline
  128 & 3.12e-02 & 2.2694 & 1.03e+00 & 1.0258 & 2.93e-01 & 1.5457 \\\hline
  512 & 6.83e-03 & 2.1915 & 5.07e-01 & 1.0231 & 1.00e-01 & 1.5494 \\\hline
 2048 & 1.57e-03 & 2.1179 & 2.51e-01 & 1.0149 & 3.45e-02 & 1.5384 \\\hline
 8192 & 3.76e-04 & 2.0661 & 1.25e-01 & 1.0085 & 1.20e-02 & 1.5263 \\\hline
	\end{tabular}
	\label{tab:ex2}
\end{table}

From Tables \ref{tab:ex1} and \ref{tab:ex2}, we can see that the rate of convergence of errors for $u$ in $L^2$-norm and $\left(1,h\right)$-norm is 2 and 1, respectively, while the rate of convergence of errors for $\sigma$ in $L^2$-norm is 1.5. These results are very similar to the result from the three-field formulation for Poisson problem with same examples.

\section{Conclusion}

\label{sec:conclusion}

In this article, we describe a mixed finite element method to solve Poisson equation based on Nitsche's method. We add a stabilisation term so that our bilinear form is coercive on the whole space. From numerical examples, we can observe that the error and rate of convergence is very similar to our previous three-field formulation for Poisson problem. Thus we can conclude that this approach works well as an alternative to the standard formulation.

\section*{Acknowledgment}
The first author is supported by UNIPRS and UNRSC50:50 scholarship for this research. He would also thank University of Newcastle HDR Funding 2017 and ANZIAM Student Support Scheme for the conference support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Most perpetual travelers are living the digital nomad lifestyle, funding their escapades by working remotely or taking on occasional freelance gigs. However, even when you manage to combine work and play, the costs of travel can still be high.
Even if you score great deals on airfare and lodging, there's a lot of sticker shock involved in travel. If you've ended a vacation having spent way more than you intended, you aren't alone. In fact, just in the United States we spent more than 718 billion dollars on leisure travel in 2017. That number represents the people who did travel. There are others who simply stay home because they cannot afford it.
Whether you are planning an extended trip or a short vacation, you do need to pay attention to that unsexy thing called "the budget". There are several things you can to do enjoy a great vacation, while saving just a bit more cash when you go.
Resist the temptation to hop on a tour bus, or to follow a paid guide around on a pricey tour or pay for an Airbnb Experience. Instead, do a bit of research, and explore on your own. You can download city maps, guides, and other materials right to your phone to help you get around. Most official tourism boards publish free itineraries that you can swipe and host free walking tours (but do tip your guide!).
Renting a car, hailing taxis, and using Uber all add up very quickly. If you're staying someplace a bit remote, those may be your only options. If you're staying in a metropolitan area, research your options regarding public transportation. So many cities have great networks of buses, trains, shuttles, and subways that will take you directly to any attraction you want. Even better, many offer discount transportation cards/deals just for tourists.
Hit the local farmers market. You'll find more than fruit and vegetable stands there. Chances are, you'll find stalls selling baked goods, sandwiches, and local fare. It's a great way to eat local foods on a budget.
Try a picnic instead of eating at a restaurant. While you're at the farmers market grab some fruit, cheese, bread, and other treats. Then, plan a trip to a nice outdoor spot for a picnic lunch.
Eat on the street. Food carts, corner restaurants, and other local food options are usually a better option than touristy hot spots. The food costs less, the company is less pretentious, and you'll get a local experience. Look for busy places with long lines. Those are the places that are most likely to be clean, and serve up amazing food.
Take advantage of any freebies. If your hotel offers free donuts and coffee in the morning, grab some to start your day. If you've got a mini fridge, stock up on yogurt and other snacks. This will help you save more of your dining budget for something special.
The second benefit is, of course, rewards points. These can be redeemed for airfare, and other travel points. Sometimes, you can redeem points for cash directly. Before you choose a card, do your research. You might have good luck with a card that's tied directly to a hotel or airline like the BA Amex card. Then again, a standard credit card may give you more flexibility.
In the previous post, I shared more tips on managing finances while traveling.
There are so many things relating to travel expenses that can be impacted by timing. First, things are likely to be more expensive and crowded during holidays, on the weekends, and while the tourist season is in full swing. Aim for off season travel whenever possible. Keep in mind that many attractions charge less midweek than they do on the weekends. Also, check for discounts. Museums, zoos, and other cool places often set aside a day or two each week to offer discounts on admissions.
The way you structure your day can make a big difference as well. For example, lunch or an early dinner of appetizers is often less expensive than dinner. Happy hour is cheaper than late night cocktails at a nightclub. If you opt to use Lyft or Uber to get around, you'll pay less if you can ride when drivers aren't so busy.
Checked baggage costs and fees for overweight bags can be a real bummer. Fortunately, you can avoid these by packing lightly. Rather than loading your suitcase with an outfit for every single day, plan to do a load of laundry mid vacation. This can help you pack lightly enough to keep everything in a carry on, and avoid the costs associated with checking your bags.
To make even more room, learn to pack efficiently. Roll your clothes rather than fold them. Check out space saving options like packing cubes as well.
There are so many ways to save on travel, without making yourself feel like a poor person. It just takes a bit of planning. By using the tips above, you can enjoy more vacation on a smaller budget.


text:
Expert Workshops at the National Library of Ireland, April 2016. Joe Buggy, Introduction to U.S. sources online.
Introductory Genealogy Resources in the United States of America
Almost 3.8 million people immigrated to the United States of America from Ireland between 1851 and 1921. Millions more arrived on the shores of North America in the decades and centuries before those years. Therefore, practically every Irish-born person today has an ancestor who can be traced in American genealogy records. This talk will provide researchers with an overview of the main record sets that should be consulted when beginning genealogy research in the U.S. The backbone of American genealogy, the Federal Census, will be discussed in detail, along with the less well known state censuses. Civil registration, or vital records as they are known stateside, will be explained along with where to apply for those all-important birth, marriage, and death records. Immigration and naturalization records will be the focus of the concluding parts of the lecture.
Joe Buggy is a genealogist with AncestryProGenealogists, the in-house research team of Ancestry.com. Based in Dublin, he conducts research on behalf of clients from around the world. From 2010-2015, he lived in New York City and Washington, D.C., where he worked as a self-employed genealogy researcher and writer. Joe is the author of Finding Your Irish Ancestors in New York City,the first book on the topic. He has previously written about researching Irish immigrants in the U.S. in a series of articles for Irish Lives Remembered genealogy magazine. Outside of his day job, Joe runs the Townland of Origin website and blog, which focuses on Irish genealogical research in the United States and Canada.


COBIS the Council of British International Schools iscommitted to advancing the interests of British schools and British education overseas.The British School of Nanjing has been a member of COBIS since the school was founded and is one of nearly 300 bodies represented by the organisation. As such, Sanjana's entry was one of many hundreds and we are extremely proud that the judges recognised her talent with the award! Sanjana receives a certificate in recognition of this and75 (approximately 750 rmb) worth of Oxford University Press resources. Many congratulations to Sanjana! All the winners and runners up are listedon the COBIS website.
Physical Development is one of the seven areas that we focus on in Early Years at BSN.
Year 5 Students head off to to explore the northern hills of Beijing.


text:
namespace icc {

namespace os {

struct Handle;

class Socket::SocketImpl : public ISocket {
 public:
  ~SocketImpl() = default;

  void send(ChunkData _data) override;
  std::future<void> sendAsync(ChunkData _data) override;
  ChunkData receive() override;
  std::future<ChunkData> receiveAsync() override;
  bool hasSendBufferSpace() const;
  bool hasRecvDataChunk() const;

 private:
  friend class EventLoop;

  explicit SocketImpl(const Handle & socketHandle);
  void onSocketDataAvailable(const Handle &_);
  void onSocketBufferAvailable(const Handle &_);
  void setBlockingMode(bool isBlocking);

  Handle socket_handle_{kInvalidHandle};
  bool is_blocking_ = true;
  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> receive_buffer_ptr_;
  std::deque<std::pair<ChunkData, std::promise<void>>> send_chunks_queue_;
  std::atomic<bool> send_chunks_available_event_{false};
  std::atomic<bool> buffer_available_event_{false};
  std::deque<std::promise<ChunkData>> read_requests_queue_;
  std::atomic<bool> read_requests_available_event_{false};
  std::atomic<bool> data_available_event_{false};
  std::mutex write_mtx_;
  std::mutex read_mtx_;
};

inline
bool Socket::SocketImpl::hasSendBufferSpace() const {
  return buffer_available_event_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
}

inline
bool Socket::SocketImpl::hasRecvDataChunk() const {
  return data_available_event_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
}

inline
void Socket::SocketImpl::setBlockingMode(bool isBlocking) {
  is_blocking_ = isBlocking;
}

}

}

#endif //ICC_SOCKETIMPL_HPP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home Science Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases Fordos, Mathurin-Joseph
Fordos, Mathurin-Joseph
Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
COPYRIGHT 2008 Charles Scribner's Sons
(b. Serent, France, 3 November 1816; d. Paris, France, 1 July 1878)
Fordos studied pharmacy in Paris, completed an internship in hospital pharmacy, and for the remainder of his professional career directed pharmacy services at three Paris municipal hospitals: Midi (1841–1842), Saint-Antoine (1842–1859), and Charité (1859–1878). A friendship with Amédée Gélis, a fellow pharmacy intern, led to many years of scientific collaboration. Fordos and Gélis were among a group of hospital pharmacy intern who in 1838 founded the Société d'Émulation pour les Sciences Pharmaceutiques, which for several decades provided an important scientific outlet for young pharmacy students serving internships in the Paris hospitals.
The bulk of Fordos's scientific work was carried on jointly with Gélis, who later made a career in industrial chemistry. The two were especially successful in their investigation of inorganic sulfur compounds. In 1842 they published their discovery of sodium tetrathionate, and in 1850 they elucidated the composition of sulfur nitride.
Of the several investigations which Fordos pursued alone, the most important was his chemical isolation of a blue crystalline pigment from purulent bandages, which he called pyocyanine and which Carle Gessard showed in 1882 to be produced by Pseudomonas pyocyanea (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Fordos's procedure for obtaining pyocyanine and his description of its physical properties were published in 1860, and by 1863 he was able to perfect his method of extraction and obtain a much greater yield of this substance.
Noteworthy also was Fordos's contribution to public health aspects of lead toxicity. From 1873 to 1875 he conducted experiments showing that drinking water passing through lead pipes, as well as liquids stored in tin-lead alloy utensils, would absorb toxic amounts of lead. His interest in this problem led him to devise and publish (1875) a rapid industrial process for detecting lead in pots and vessels lined with tin.
I. Original Works. Among Fordos's most important publications dealing with inorganic compounds of sulfur, written jointly with Gélis, are the following; "Sur un nouvel oxacide du soufre," in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances del'Académie des sciences, 15 (1842), 920–923; and "Sur le sulfure d'azote," ibid., 31 (1850), 702–705. For Fordos's isolation of pyocyanine, see "Recherches sur la matiere colorante des suppurations bleues: pyocyanine," ibid., 51 (1860), 215–217; and "Recherches sur les matières colorantes des suppurations bleues; pyocyanine et pyoxanthose," ibid., 56 (1863), 1128–1131.
Representative of Fordos's papers on lead toxicity and the chemical detection of lead are "Action de l'eau aérée sur le plomb," ibid., 77 (1873), 1099–1102; "Action de l'eau de Seine et de l'eau de l'Ourcq sur le plomb," ibid., 1186- 1188; "Du rôle des sels dans l'action des eaux potables sur le plomb," ibid., 78 (1874), 1108–1111; "De l'action des liquides alimentaires ou médicamenteux sur les vases en étain contenant du plomb," ibid., 79 (1874), 678–680; "De l'essai des étamages contenant du plomb; procédé d'essai rapide," ibid., 80 (1875), 794–796. A comprehensive listing of Fordos's publications is given in Albert Goris et al., Centenaire de l'internat en pharmacie des hôpitaux et hospices civils de Paris (Paris, 1920), pp. 374–376.
II. Secondary Literature. See Albert Goris, op. cit., pp. 374, 805; and J. R. Partington, A History of Chemistry, IV (London-New York, 1964), 84, 391, 925.
Alex Berman
"Fordos, Mathurin-Joseph." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. . Encyclopedia.com. 16 Jul. 2019 <https://www.encyclopedia.com>.
"Fordos, Mathurin-Joseph." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. . Encyclopedia.com. (July 16, 2019). https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/fordos-mathurin-joseph
"Fordos, Mathurin-Joseph." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. . Retrieved July 16, 2019 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/fordos-mathurin-joseph


text:
Ed In The Apple
The intersection of education and politics
← The State of the State: Are "Good Government Advocacy Groups" and Labor Unions the Enemy of the State, or, Is A Desperate Governor Abdicating His Responsibilities?
Randi As Al Shanker: Will Presidents, Governors, Mayors, School Boards, Unions and Their Members Be Willing to Take Risks, To Explore the Untried, to Create a New Kind of Collaborative Schools and School Systems? →
The Race to the Top Application: Charters and Threats, The Confluence of Political Power, Ideology, Education and Realpolitiks.
The Governor threatens: if you don't pass my charter school bill in the next week New York State will lose $700 million.
The Mayor reassures the Democratic Senate leader,
Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, the Democratic majority leader, called Mr. Bloomberg, and expressed concern about the reports of a possible Ford bid for the Senate, and asked if the mayor or his top political aides were behind the effort. Mr. Bloomberg, speaking on his cell phone on a drive to an event, reassured Mr. Reid that he was not personally involved in the effort to promote a Ford candidacy, … But around the same time that Mr. Bloomberg was distancing himself from the Ford effort, two of his top campaign strategists met with Mr. Ford, … for lunch at the Harvard Club in Manhattan.
Just as the Mayor is dancing, with feet in all political camps, with, let us say, a rather loose interpretation of truth and veracity, the Governor follows suit.
The Race to the Top application is competitive, each application is scored on a 500 point scale, the state charter school cap provision could deprive the application of up to eight points (see UFT Prez Mulgrew discuss here), only1.6 percent of the total, however, the Governor fails to address other parts of the application that contain many, many more points and the failure to adequately address these sections clearly places the application at risk.
The application scoring rubric requires,
Use support from a broad group of stakeholders to better implement its plan, as evidenced by the strength of statements or actions from (10 points),
(A) The State's teacher and principals, which includes the State's teachers' unions …
How can the "State teacher union" sign/support an application that it has not seen? Shouldn't the Governor, who is responsible for the plan post it on his web site and ask for comment? Doesn't his failure to do so endanger the application and indicate irresponsibility on his part?
Another section deals specifically with teacher and principal evaluation systems,
Design and implement rigorous, transparent, and fair evaluation systems for teachers and principals that (a) differentiate effectiveness using multiple rating categories that take into account data on student growth as a significant factor, (b) are designed and developed with teacher and principal involvement (15 points)
Doesn't the Chancellor violate this section when he calls for the "layoff" of teachers in the ATR pool without any "transparent and fair evaluation system"?
Have teachers, or their union, been involved in the "design and development" of an evaluation system? I think not. Doesn't the failure of the Governor to require the Department to work together with the union jeopardize the application?
We are told that the principal is the Chief Executive Officer, the CEO of the school, and the principal constructs the educational program for the school. Yet the application requires schools district to,
provide effective, data-informed professional development, coaching, induction and common planning and collaborative time to teachers and principals, where appropriate ongoing and job embedded.
Is sitting in an auditorium once a month and listening to the pronouncements of a principal, or the morning meeting announcements over the loud speaker what is envisioned in the application?
Doesn't the application require the Governor to order the Commissioner to issue regulations that all schools must embed "common planning and collaborative time to teachers …" in their "ongoing" professional development?
A major section of the application requires states to address low achieving schools,
State … Supports LEAs in turning around these (low achieving) schools by implementing one of the four school intervention models: turnaround model, restart model, school closure or transformation model …
Was the State involved in "turning around" low achieving New York City schools? Why has the Department been allowed to ignore the other suggested models and only utilize school closure? Will the scorers examine the "collateral damage" to neighborhood schools that has resulted from school closings? Will the PEP on January 26th require the Department to explore other models supported by the application?
The charter school cap may reduce the point totals in the application, far more significant deficiencies may impede the ability of New York State to win a grant.
Just as the Mayor threatened the legislature in the congestion pricing fight, he offered "carrots" to legislators, changing bus routes, more garbage pickups, inducements to support a deeply unpopular idea. The legislators did not fold and congestion pricing never came to a vote. The Mayor blamed Speaker Silver, and, rumors abound that one of the competitors in the 2008 democratic primary in Silver's district had behind the scenes Bloomberg support.
Once again the Governor, the Mayor and the Chancellor are threatening the legislature, unless they eliminate the charter school cap, allow student performance data to used in tenure granting decisions, spending public dollars on charter school construction, the application is doomed.
The legislature should make it clear, the Race to the Top application must satisfy all the stakeholders: parent organizations, education advocates, teacher unions as well as school districts and local elected officials.
The January 19th application date is only the first phase, "losers" are able to apply for Phase 2 in June. The lure of dollars must not drive bad education policy.
A Governor who is a leader would sit down with all stakeholders and craft an application that truly represents the interest and concerns of all parties.
Remember: when the powerful say "trust me," the powerless tend to get pregnant.
Update (1/11/10): The NY Post reports a bill to lift the charter school cap and other changes is in the works, "It's a good compromise that will meet the White House's test," the official said. "It's a compromise that the teachers union will have some problems with and the charter-school advocates will have some problems with."
2 responses to "The Race to the Top Application: Charters and Threats, The Confluence of Political Power, Ideology, Education and Realpolitiks."
canwetalk | January 10, 2010 at 11:55 pm | Reply
I have to add this comment because of your last statement.
The "labor" pains are terrible! Protection is definitely needed here.
Dee Alpert | January 11, 2010 at 12:12 am | Reply
The NYS Ed. Dept. is documentably incompetent to spearhead school reform efforts. It has the legal authority to operate exactly one district – the Roosevelt Union Free School District, in Nassau County. After years of NYSED close scrutiny and supervision, the district was heading into bankruptcy and all of its schools were failing abysmally. NYSED got the authority to actually operate the district. And what do we have now?
NYSED is going to take the district's high school away from it and appoint an outside board to operate it because the board NYSED appointed, along with the superintendent it appointed, couldn't cut the mustard. The district is headed into bankruptcy unless the Legislature keeps plowing millions in additional appropriations in. The NYS Comptroller's quarterly financial reports and audits say the district's leadership (NYSED-appointed, of course) can't keep books and records, and do budgets, competently. The Securities and Exchange Commission has a fat file on NYSED's grossly illegal Roosevelt financing shenanigans.
Okay. The bathrooms now have toilet paper. And the computers the district purchased were installed – because a member of the Board of Regents, visiting the district, found the hardware was still in original boxes in a basement, rolled up his sleeves and installed the computers himself.
And THIS is the outfit that's asking US DOE for $millions and $millions so it can spearhead failing schools' turnarounds?
Did I mention that the US DOE OIG recently issued an audit which basically stated that NYSED cannot competently manage its regular Title 1 and IDEA funds, and won't be doing any better for its stimulus funds? Or that this OIG finding mirrors prior ones issued both by the US DOE OIG and NYS Comptroller? In fact, there is a history of two decades of audits showing that NYSED can't be trusted to manage large sums of federal or state monies competently.
Good money after bad. We need a NYSED turnaround – a complete house cleaning and change in its governance structure – so as to not let its usual smoke and mirrors routines make everyone forget its well-documented history of abysmal, and incredibly expensive, mismanagement and failure … at best.
"The Proof of the Pudding is in the Eating," Mayor Adams Takes the Stage
Stumbling Out of the Box: Mayor Adams Faces His First Crisis
Where Have the Teachers Gone? How Are We Addressing the Looming Teacher Shortages?
Soon to be Mayor Adams and Chancellor Banks: Peering Over a Precipice into Swirling Waters
Mayor Adams and Chancellor Banks: Hopefully Not Geppetto and Pinocchio
Billions of Dollars Later Researchers find Teacher Evaluation Reforms have no Positive Effects on Student Outcomes
Mayoral Control or an Elected School Board: How Should Education in New York City Be Led?
Is New York State preparing students to benefit from the $1T Infrastructure Law?
How will Mayor Adams Lead/Manage NYC Schools?
Is Giftedness Akin to a Disability? Does Giftedness Require Placement in Separate Classes? Or, a Ruse to Segregate Classes and Mollify White/Asian Parent/Voters?
Edwize


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text:
Maria Bethânia (urodzona jako Maria Bethânia Viana Tellas Veloso 18 czerwca 1946 w Santo Amaro da Purificação, stan Bahia) – brazylijska piosenkarka pop. Siostra Caetano Veloso. Karierę piosenkarską rozpoczęła w Rio de Janeiro uczestnicząc w programie "Opinião" ("Opinia"). Dzięki temu występowi i wydanemu w 1965 singlowi "Carcará" zyskała popularność w całym kraju.

Życiorys
Maria Bethânia urodziła się jako córka Dony Claudionor Vianna Telles Velloso i José Telles Velloso. Już jako dziecko chciała być aktorką. Od najmłodszych lat towarzyszyła jej muzyka, ponieważ matka lubiła śpiewać, a ojciec, choć nie był muzycznie uzdolniony, lubił słuchać otworów Dorivala Caymmi i Noela Rosy.

Lata 60.
W 1959 jej rodzina przeniosła się do Salvadoru. Tam Maria Bethânia zetknęła się z intelektualistami, zbierającymi się przy okazji wystaw i spektakli. Kontakt z teatrem wzmocnił jej pragnienie zostania aktorką. W tym czasie jej brat, Caetano Veloso, został muzycznym współpracownikiem reżysera Álvaro Guimarãesa komponując do jego krótkometrażowego filmu Moleques de Rua ścieżkę dźwiękową, na której, według niego, zaśpiewała Maria Bethânia. W 1963 Guimarães zaproponował Marii Bethânii zaśpiewanie partii a cappella w musicalu Boca de Ouro Nelsona Rodriguesa. W tym samym roku Bethânia poznała Gilberto Gila i Gal Costę. W roku następnym Veloso został zaproszony do zorganizowania pokazu brazylijskiej muzyki popularnej z okazji otwarcia Teatro Vila Velha w Salvadorze. W przedstawieniu zatytułowanym Nós, por Exemplo wystąpili, oprócz samego Veloso, także Maria Bethânia, Gilberto Gil oraz Gal Costa (jeszcze pod nazwiskiem Maria da Graça). Przedstawienie odniosło sukces i zostało powtórzone dwa tygodnie później, z udziałem Toma Zé. W styczniu 1965 Maria Bethânia otrzymała propozycję zastąpienia piosenkarki Nary Leão w spektaklu Opinião wystawianym w Rio de Janeiro. Jej debiut w dniu 13 lutego 1965, okazał się bardzo udany, a pełne ekspresji wykonanie piosenki "Carcará" (João do Vale/José Cândido) okazało się wstępem do jej ogólnokrajowej kariery. Ze względu odniesiony sukces wytwórnia RCA, zaprosiła ją, poprzez Veloso, do dokonania nagrań. W maju tego samego roku, Bethânia nagrała swój pierwszy singel, a kilka miesięcy później, swój pierwszy LP.

W 1966 występowała w spektaklu Arena Canta Bahia u boku m.in. Gal Costy, Gilberto Gila, i brata Caetano. W kwietniu 1966, na zaproszenie producenta Guilherme Araújo, wystąpiła w spektaklu Recital w klubie nocnym Cangaceiro w Rio de Janeiro. Spektakl ten otworzył drogę do sukcesu samemu Guilherme Araújo, który został menadżerem Caetano Veloso, Gila Gilberto oraz Gal Costy. We wrześniu Bethânia wystąpiła w wystawionym przez Teatro Opinião spektaklu Pois É, w którym udział wzięli też Gilberto Gil i Vinicius de Moraes. W 1967 roku nagrała wspólnie z Edu Lobo album Edu Lobo e Maria Bethânia, a w 1968 wspólnie z bratem i Gilberto Gilem album Velloso-Bethânia-Gil oraz solowy Recital Na Boite Barroco. W 1969 i 1970 wydała kolejne albumy: Maria Bethânia i Maria Bethânia ao vivo.

Lata 70.
W 1971 dla wytwórni Philips nagrała album A Tua Presença. W lipcu tego samego roku, z udziałem Trio Terra, wystąpiła w Teatro Rio da Praia z programem Rosa dos Ventos, który został zarejestrowany i wydany jako album koncertowy pod tym samym tytułem. W tym samym roku artystka udała się do Europy by wystąpić na targach MIDEM w Cannes (Francja) oraz we Włoszech. W 1972 pojawiła się wraz z Chico Buarque i Narą Leão w filmie Quando o Carvaval Chegar. Soundtrack z tego filmu został wydany w tym samym roku przez wytwórnię Philips. Betânia odbyła następnie trasę koncertową po Włoszech, Niemczech, Austrii, Danii i Norwegii. W 1973 roku wystąpiła w spektaklu Drama, Luz da noite, wydanym następnie jako album pod tym samym tytułem. W 1974, dla upamiętnienia dziesiątej rocznicy rozpoczęcia kariery artystycznej, wystąpiła w spektaklu A Muda Cena, nagranym i wydanym w listopadzie tego samego roku. 6 czerwca 1975 wzięła udział wraz z Chico Buarque w koncercie, wydanym później jako album koncertowy Chico Buarque & Maria Bethânia Ao Vivo. W lipcu 1976, razem z Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gilem oraz Gal Costą, odbyła tournée po Brazylii występując w spektaklu Os Doces Bárbaros, wydanym następnie jako album koncertowy. W maju 1978 wydała, wspólnie z bratem, album koncertowy Maria Bethânia e Caetano Veloso ao Vivo. Wydany w 1978 roku album Alibi uzyskał status złotej płyty jeszcze przed rozpoczęciem sprzedaży, a milion sprzedanych egzemplarzy sprawił, iż Maria Bethânia stała się pierwszą brazylijską piosenkarką, której udało się to osiągnąć. Koniec lat 70. i początek 80. przyniósł kolejne albumy artystki.

Lata 80.
Lata 80. upłynęły pod znakiem spektakli muzycznych, rejestrowanych i wydawanych następnie na płytach: 1981 – Estranha Forma de Vida (album Alteza), 1982 – Nossos Momentos (album pod tym samym tytułem) i 1984 – A Hora da Estrela, z piosenkami napisanymi przez Veloso i Chico Buarque (album A Beira e o Mar). W 1985, z okazji 20-lecia kariery artystycznej, dała koncert 20 Anos. W roku następnym nagrała dla RCA album Dezembros, zawierający niepublikowane utwory Toma Jobima, Chico Buarque i Caetano Veloso, a w 1988 roku nagrała album Maria, z gościnnym udziałem Jeanne Moreau i Gal Costy.

Lata 90.
Początek lat 90. to wydanie albumu 25 Anos, upamiętniającego 25-lecie kariery artystycznej artystki, nagranego z udziałem Niny Simone, Hermeto Pascoala, Egberto Gismontiego, João Gilberto i in. Wydany w 1993 album As Canções Que Cocê Fez Para Mim był najlepiej sprzedającą się płytą tego roku (1 500 000 sprzedanych egzemplarzy). Koniec lat 90. to wydanie albumów Âmbar (1997) i Imitação da Vida (1998).

XXI w.
Rok 2000 stał pod znakiem dużych koncertów i spotkań muzycznych; Bethânia pojawiła się u boku włoskiego tenora Luciano Pavarottiego w Salvadorze, wystąpiła z bratem w Pavilhão Atlântico w Lizbonie, a 31 grudnia dała z Gilberto Gilem koncert dla ponad 200 000 osób w Farol da Barra w Salvadorze.

35-lecie swej kariery artystka upamiętniła dając 4 września 2001 w sali widowiskowej Canecão w Rio de Janeiro koncert promujący jej nowy album Maricotinha; w koncercie wystąpiły gwiazdy muzyki spod znaku MPB: Chico Buarque, Caetano Veloso i Gilberto Gil. W 2002 album został wydany ponownie jako Maricotinha ao vivo", sprzedając się w ilości ponad 100 000 egzemplarzy. Spektakl pod tym samym tytułem został wystawiony w licznych stolicach stanowych Brazylii. W 2003 "Maricotinha Live" został wydany na DVD.

Przed nim Maria Bethânia wydała album Cânticos, Preces, Súplicas à Senhora dos Jardins do Céu, poświęcony Matce Bożej, będący manifestem religijności artystki, przejawiającej się w niemal wszystkich jej utworach.

W ramach wytwórni Biscoito Fino Maria Bethânia zainaugurowała własne przedsięwzięcie fonograficzne pod nazwą Quitanda wydając w 2004 album Brasileirinho, dobrze przyjęty przez krytykę i publiczność. W roku następnym ukazał się na DVD koncertowy zapis Brasileirinho, zarejestrowany w Canecão, zawierający 36 utworów, nagranych z udziałem takich artystów jak: Miúcha, Nana Caymmi oraz grup Uakti i Tira Poeira.

24 lutego 2005 artystka wydała album Que Falta Voce Me Faz (Musicas De Vinicius De Moraes), poświęcony pamięci Viniciusa de Moraes.

Dyskografia

Albumy
 1965 Maria Bethânia (De Manhã)
 1968 Recital Na Boite Barroco
 1973 Drama Luz da Noite
 1978 Álibi
 1978 Maria Bethânia e Caetano Valoso ao Vivo
 1979 Mel
 1984 A Beira E O Mar
 1988 Dezembros
 1989 Personalidade Maria Bethânia
 1989 Anos Dourados
 1990 Memory of Skin (Memoria da Pele)
 1992 Olho d'água
 1994 As Canções Que Voce Fez Pra Mim
 1994 Los Canciones Que Tu Hiciste Para Mi
 1994 Ao Vivo
 1994 Caetano Veloso – Maria Bethânia – Gilberto Gil
 1994 Meus Momentos
 1997 Âmbar
 1997 Tribute to Joao Batista Do Val
 1998 A Cena Muda
 1998 Imitação da Vida
 1999 Rosas Dos Ventos: O Show Encantado
 1999 A Forca Que Nunca Seca
 1999 Diamante Verdadeiro
 2000 Focus
 2001 A Interprete
 2001 Maricotinha
 2002 Serie Identidade
 2002 Romantica
 2004 Cânticos, Preces, Súplicas à Senhora dos Jardins do Céu
 2004 Diamante Verdadeiro: Serie Ao Vivo
 2004 Marcotinha Ao Vivo
 2004 Brasileirinho
 2005 Perfil
 2006 Bethânia Revisitada
 2006 Maria Bethânia ao Vivo
 2006 Canta Noel Rosa E Outras Raridades
 2006 Drama
 2006 Drama 3O Ato
 2006 Passaro Proibido
 2006 A Tua Presença
 2006 Que Falta Voce Me Faz (Musicas De Vinicius De Moraes)
 2006 Mar de Sophia
 2006 Pirata
 2006 Alteza
 2006 Ciclo
 2006 Talismã
 2007 Pássaro Da Manha
 2007 Dentro Do Mar Tem Rio
 2007 Interpreta Chico Buarque
 2008 Maria Bethânia & Omara Portuondo
 2008 Portuondo & Bethânia
 2009 Encanteria
 2009 Tua
 2010 Amor Festa Devocao – Ao Vivo
 2011 Love Celebration Devotion
 2012 Oásis de Bethânia

Single i EP
 1965 Maria Bethania Canta Noel Rosa (EP, 33 obr./min)
 1965 "Carcará" / "De Manhã"
 1976 Doces Bárbaros (Bethânia, Gal, Caetano, Gil)
 1978 Teresinha
 1979 "Explode Coração" / "Sonho Meu"
 1989 "Reconvexo" / "Reconvexo"

Uwagi

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Strona poświęcona Marii Bethânii

Brazylijskie wokalistki
Urodzeni w 1946
Odznaczeni Orderem Zasługi Kulturalnej (Brazylia)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


got quoted £2080 to supply and weld this table which a abit on the high price tbh :( i know most of you prefer steel due to it being alot cheaper but surely making the table out of aluminium extrusion isn't going to cost me £2080. if it wasn't such a large table i would try myself but i just aint got the confidence on welding such a large frame.
Looking at video's of people putting aluminium frames together just looks like fun and easy enough to do but then i have no idea on what methods they took to make sure they had fully flat extrusions for the rails to go on. i know on steel i was going to use epoxy resin but what do you do on aluminium?
Last edited by reefy86; 05-12-2017 at 12:16 PM.
well to be fair he has been the only one to actually get back to me with a quote lol, the minute i mention it needs to be perfectly square and properly made they run lol.
would it be justifiable to use heavy extrusions for a more rigid strong frame? the price difference is huge but dont mind paying for it if its a plus side for the machine.
In one of your other posts did not you say you would be happy with a 4' x 4' machine!! or are you set on a 8 x 4?
bigger machines are generally much more difficult to build and thus more expensive.
Have a read through some of the very good build logs on here as that might help.
doesn't seam a bad price to me when you consider the time and material costs. There has to be 500+ in materials and if you want it perfect then your going to need to pay for skilled labour. using 90x90 ali its going to be at least that maybe more!
forgot to mention about that clive, im sticking with the 8x4 because either way it was the width i was having a problem with not length so even if i went 4x4 i would still have the same problem but thats all sorted now and i am sticking with a 8x4.
Last edited by spluppit; 06-12-2017 at 10:39 PM.


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Periods of rain and snow. Some mixed winter precipitation possible. Low 32F. S winds shifting to NW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of precip 50%..
Periods of rain and snow. Some mixed winter precipitation possible. Low 32F. S winds shifting to NW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of precip 50%.
Cal Thomas: The U.S. must stand firm in dealing with Iran
Cal Thomas Creators Syndicate
Prior to Iran's missile attacks on U.S. bases inside Iraq, Secretary of Defense Mark Esper said, "We are not seeking war with Iran, but we are prepared to finish one." Esper said the U.S. prefers a "diplomatic" solution to the escalation of tensions in the region.
Yes, that would be ideal, but a diplomatic solution would require Iran to reverse course, no longer fund and practice terrorism, stop developing a nuclear weapon and cease its repeated threats to destroy Israel.
Never at a loss to make political hay out of a serious foreign conflict with American troops in danger, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi criticized the president in a mixed message: "We must ensure the safety of our service members, including ending needless provocations from the Administration and demanding that Iran cease its violence. America and the world cannot afford war."
Pelosi said nothing about the endless provocations by Iran, the world's number one sponsor of terrorism.
In an appearance at the White House, President Trump said: "As long as I am president of the United States, Iran will never be allowed to have a nuclear weapon." He called for a greater involvement by NATO in the Middle East without spelling out what that would look like. And he promised more "punishing" economic sanctions on Iran, whose economy is already teetering on the brink.
That the president did not announce or threaten new military operations against Iran was significant and offers Tehran an opportunity to de-escalate the conflict.
According to the "no more war" crowd, when Iran and its proxies kill U.S. troops along with Iranian and foreign civilians, we are supposed to take it. If America responds to Iran, as President Trump has done (unlike Obama and Clinton), we are the enemy of peace and guilty of "escalating" the conflict.
But war is never a one-way street, unless one side pre-emptively surrenders. Victory must be our goal and should be defined.
Perhaps feckless European nations, Saudi Arabia and other countries will see clearly now that we have been at war with these fanatics at least since 1979 when Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran and held 52 people hostage for 444 days until the inauguration of Ronald Reagan when the hostages were released. Maybe the Iranians feared Reagan would do then what Trump has done now, which is to punch back when attacked.
Yes, Iran must not be allowed to create nuclear weapons. Most in the West and Israel believe that. The question is how to stop them. There are multiple ways, short of armed conflict. There will not be an invasion of Iran, but cyberattacks, computer viruses, targeting missile sites and increased sanctions are all options. So is supporting those inside Iran who hate their government and wish to replace it.
Perhaps Iran's retaliatory attack was about "saving face" for the Iranian regime. Since no Americans were killed and President Trump has said that is a red line for him, this could be the end of the latest conflict. It will most assuredly not be the end of this war. But no one should be under any illusion that what the U.S. and the West does short of surrender will affect the stated goals of the fanatics, who are in it to win it.
The ultimate question is, are we?
JIM BECHTEL Jan 10, 2020 7:55am
#39 (Jeez, practically every other day!): And speaking of theocrats, Rev Cal is back with more of his Old Testament blood & guts and pointless slams at the Democrats. His final sentences confirm that he sees this as an Apocalyptic struggle for us. In reality it's a sectarian rivalry for control of the Middle East, between Wahabbis & Sunnis (Saudi Arabia, Egypt) on the eastern edge and Shiites (Iran & Iraq) on the western edge, with Syria in the middle.
Reality TV show about Nebraska couple, 'Heartland Docs, DVM,' premieres Saturday
COIT DRAPERY - AUCTION
AFFORDABLE AIR DUCT CLEANING, DAILY DEALS
INVISIBLE FENCE OF THE HEARTLAND
Koterba Caption Contest


text:
Q: WinForms C# Событие закрывания формы ShowDialog() Если открывать новую форму в главной форме через Show(), то при его закрывании сработает событие Closed(). А вот когда открываю новую форму методом ShowDialog(), то событие Closed() не срабатывает. Есть ли какое нибудь событие при закрывании формы открытой с помощью метода ShowDialog()?

A: Visual Studio 2015, C# Windows Forms application project:
namespace test1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            new Form2().ShowDialog();
        }
    }
}

namespace test1
{
    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        public Form2()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form2_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show("OK");
        }
    }
}

Работает. Вопрос, что вы сделали в вашем проекте, что оно не работает. Попробуйте сделать тест в новом проекте.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Variations on a theme of Bach
Variations on a theme of Bach in F minor
2000 • 1 track • 19m
Gerhard Oppitz
Andreas Rothkopf
Pascale van Coppenolle
As Liszt entered his fifties, his career became shrouded in enigma. Having retired from the concert platform in 1847, he performed in public only rarely and for charities. With his resignation as Kapellmeister to the court of Weimar in 1858, he no longer held a public position. It was said that he was a spent force, though a young Brahms and the great violinist Joseph Joachim felt it necessary in 1860 to issue a manifesto against his music. They could not know that the works of Liszt's last quarter century, works to come, would point the way to the most radical music of the twentieth century's first half and to composers as diverse as Busoni and Schoenberg. The vicissitudes marking Liszt's life developed deeper contours. Pope Pius IX refused in 1861 to grant his mistress, Princess Carolyne von Sayn-Wittgenstein, a divorce that would allow her to marry Liszt. His son, Daniel, died in 1859, provoking guilt for having spent so little time with his children during his glory years, touring Europe from Russia to Portugal, England to Constantinople. But the most devastating blow was undoubtedly the death of his daughter, Blandine, September 11, 1862, but 26 years old, from the complications of childbirth. Her marriage to Émile Ollivier, a liberal statesman in the regime of Napoleon III and, for a brief moment, premier of France until the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 unseated him, was idyllic, ideal, romantic -- and far more attractive than the tortured union of Liszt's remaining daughter, Cosima, with his protégé, pianist Hans von Bülow. Before the month was out, Ollivier visited Liszt in Rome to share his grief. Liszt's own agonized response took shape in an ever more transported series of variations upon the descending ground bass from the first movement of Bach's cantata "Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen," BWV 12 (Weeping, Wailing, Mourning, Trembling), also found in the Crucifixus of Bach's Mass in B minor, upon which Liszt had already written a brief Prelude for piano in 1859. Chromaticism often obscures key, lending the work a sense of disorientation and pointing ahead to Reger and a host of twentieth century developments. A central recitative momentarily breaks the torrent of invention and soothes vehemence before a new rash of sighing variations begins to build intensity -- halted by a resigned quotation of the cantata's concluding choral, Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan (What God does, that is well done) worked to a grandly affirmative climax in a gesture of acceptance.


text:
These Frida Kahlo Emojis Are Exactly What You Need to Spice Up Your Texting
Michael Cuby
You already know by now that emojis are the best thing to happen to texting since Nokia introduced the world to the first fully operational mobile QWERTY keyboard in 1996. The ability to express what you want to say in an image without having to use any real words revolutionized the way we communicate with one another. Today, you can tell a full story by using nothing but a winky face or a single flame—even an eggplant—and everyone else will know exactly what you mean.
But what about when you want to express the feeling of being a woman that's so fed up with the patriarchy that you need to draw a few self-portraits just to process it all? That's where the new FridaMoji pack of Frida Kahlo emojis comes in. Composed of 160 different Kahlo-inspired emojis, FridaMoji captures the essential essence of the prominent artist through recreations of some of her most iconic work, focusing specifically on her vast collection of self-portraits.
"Frida was just perfect for the project," says Sam Cantor, the creator of FridaMoji, in an interview with Artsy about the new release. The Los Angeles-based gallerist and graphic designer continued, "She conveyed her emotions so honestly and openly in her work. What better artist to translate into emoji, which we use to express emotion today?" That ethos rings true in the final selection of 160, which was whittled down from over 400 and can be used to express a number of different #moods.
Start channeling the celebrated artist by downloading FridaMoji through the App Store right now.
[h/t Artsy]
All images via Artsy
Justin Moran


text:
« Bill Clinton's take from for-profit college over 5 years: $17.5 million | Media-driven political insanity »
Airports and the agony of watching CNN
Over the last week, we traveled to a niece's wedding and had a chance to spend some time with my recently widowed mother. It was the kind of family quality time that we all yearn for...except for having to watch CNN at hotel lobbies and airports.
On Tuesday night, the day so many at CNN thought that Mr. Trump had issued a call for NRA people to eliminate Mrs. Clinton, the panels at CNN were somewhere between silly and hysterical. It was the kind of selective outrage that we've come to love from liberals who went mute when far worse things were said about President Bush or V.P. Cheney.
At one point, I looked around the gate, and nobody was watching...wonder why! I got so fed up that I was following the Rangers-Rockies game on my phone!
On Wednesday, I reconnected with the world and found that CNN had dropped to third, which is a fancy way of saying that you are last in the cable news business. In other words, there are only three, so third means last.
According to TV Newser, it was something like this:
Primetime:
FNC: 2.035
MSNBC: 1.407
CNN: 807
So even MSNBC, the laughingstock of cable news unless you think President Bush knew of the 9-11 attack in advance, beat CNN by quite a lot.
My guess is that people watching MSNBC are so far gone that they are not even hearing the anti-Trump bashing. On the other hand, CNN reaches a lot of people at public places, and most of them just looked at the phones and prayed that the flight was not delayed.
Maybe Mrs. Clinton will defeat Mr. Trump. It goes without saying that Mr. Trump has not helped himself much since clinching the nomination in Indiana, or over 90 days ago.
At the same time, there is a point where media bias is so obvious that even the people forced to watch CNN at airports just look the other way and find something else to do with their lives.
Let's look at the treatment of Mr. Mateen, the gay-basher, Taliban-sympathizer father of the Orlando terrorist. He showed up feet away from Mrs. Clinton at a rally, then endorsed her, and everybody at CNN was looking to blame it on staff. On the other hand, David Duke endorsed Mr. Trump, and you'd think it was the end of the world as we've known it!
Then there is the latest email dump! Many in the media defend Mrs. Clinton by saying it was "staff" again. Whose staff are they? They work for Mrs. Clinton, who happened to be secretary of state at the time this was going on.
Trump has work to do, but his enemies in the media are showing so much bias that a backlash in coming, and perhaps already underway.


Coa rules on liquidation of cash advance - House think tank raises alarm on rising unliquidated cash advances.
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Michael Schultz has joined the Damn Good Hospitality Group as consulting Chef for Green Bar and Kitchen.
Chef Schultz's career started at age 14, cooking at The Lobster House in Cape May, New Jersey, where he found a love for the culinary arts. Schultz landed at the 5-star Le Bec Fin in Philadelphia, training under world-renowned chef Georges Perrier and during the summer helmed 9820 in Stone Harbor as executive chef at age 23. He subsequently held positions at Square Bar with Chef Tony Clark in Philadelphia and The Woodlands, Relias and Chateaux in South Carolina.
Schultz headed back to Philadelphia for a position at Tangerine on Market Street, Rated number 12 in the world by San Pellegrino at the time, where restaurateur Stephen Starr recognized his talents and set up an appointment with world renowned movie producer/director M. Night Shyamalan, for which he would become chef and event coordinator for eight years.
During that time Chef Schultz took advantage of any down time and trained at some of the world's greatest restaurants, such as Aureole, Daniel in NYC Alinea, French Laundry, Lecriox, Astrid Y Gaston and Michael Mina.
Schultz took a vacation to Key West, Florida, and soon after decided to head to the Conch Republic on a permanent basis. His first Key West venture was Fin restaurant on Duval Street, which featured a unique style of ultra-modern Caribbean cuisine. After selling Fin in 2012, Schultz joined forces with long-time friend, entrepreneur and NBA owner Pat Croce, serving as Culinary Director and Director of Operations. Chef Schultz starred in national cooking programs with the Food Network, Cooking Channel, NBC, Daily Meal and New York Times website.
Seeking to rejoin the fine dining scene Chef Schultz headed up Florida's first and only Relais and Chateaux property, Chanson in Deerfield Beach specializing in modern, sustainable organic cooking.
Chef Schultz, a vegan, has a passion for sustainable, organic cuisine that is locally sourced and earth friendly. His unique flavor combinations are equally met with culinary precision and artistic plate design.


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Jennifer Lawrence Tops List Of World's Highest-Paid Actresses 2015
Jan Dizon, Tech Times 21 August 2015, 08:08 am
Jennifer Lawrence is the girl on fire both on screen as the revolutionary Katniss Everdeen, and off screen as her pre-taxes Hollywood paycheck boasts. According to a list compiled by Forbes, J-Law has just been named the most highly paid actress today, with a salary of $52 million in 2015.
The list also named Scarlett Johansson in the above $20 million dollar mark with $35.5 million; star of the upcoming all female Ghostbusters, Melissa McCarthy raking in $23 million; and Chinese actress Bingbing Fan was the fourth highest ranked actress in Hollywood, with $21 million in paychecks.
The remaining 14 actresses on Forbes' highest paid actresses list, including Sandra Bullock who topped the list last year with $51 million, made below $20 million, which is in stark contrast from their male Hollywood counterparts who easily break the bank with much higher figures.
In fact, Forbes reports that while the highest paid male actors list was crowded with 34 actors earning a collective $941 million, it could not find enough women actresses earning enough to be placed on the list.
The 18 actresses included on Forbes' list only made $281 million in 2015. "That is a whopping $660 million dollar difference." according to the critics of the disparity of the salaries female actresses make in relation to male actors' salaries.
Here is Forbes complete list of Highest Paid Hollywood Actresses in 2015:
1. Jennifer Lawrence, $52 million
2. Scarlett Johansson, $35.5 million
3. Melissa McCarthy, $23 million
4. Bingbing Fan, $21 million
5. Jennifer Aniston, $16.5 million
6. Julia Roberts, $16 million
7. Angelina Jolie, $15 million
8. Reese Witherspoon, $15 million
9. Anne Hathaway, $12 million
10. Kristen Stewart, $12 million
11. Cameron Diaz, $11 million
12. Gwyneth Paltrow, $9 million
13. Meryl Streep, $8 million
14. Amanda Seyfried, $8 million
15. Sandra Bullock, $8 million
16. Emma Stone, $6.5 million
16. Mila Kunis, $6.5 million
18. Natalie Portman, $6 million
Up next for J-Law is the final installment of the Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 2 which will open on Nov. 20, and Joy, which will reunite her with former co-stars Robert DeNiro and Bradley Cooper, debuting in theatres in December.
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Tags: Jennifer Lawrence Highest Paid Actresses Hollywood
New 'Hunger Games' Trailer Released To The Delight Of Millions Worldwide
Director Bryan Singer Discusses More Comic-Accurate Costumes In 'X-Men: Apocalypse'
Robert Downey Jr. Got An Insane Paycheck From Marvel In 2015
'The Hunger Games: Mockingjay - Part 2' Poster Hints Heads Will Roll
Watch Two Deleted Scenes From 'The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1'


Montana Watershed Coordination Council: The Montana Watershed Coordination Council (MWCC) is an inclusive partnership to enhance, conserve, and protect natural resources and sustain the high quality of life in Montana for present and future generations using a collaborative watershed approach.
Backyard Environmental Education — Backyard Ideas: You probably like to play in your backyard, but did you know that your backyard can be a great place to learn about wildlife, plants, trees, conservation, and other science topics? Here are a few backyard ideas for environmental education.
Montana DEQ – Water Quality Planning: The ARRA provides funds for drinking water and wastewater infrastructure projects statewide. The ARRA specifically targets projects under the SRF programs that can move forward quickly and provide the needed improvements to local communities intended under these programs.
Hydrologic Information and Data for Montana: The U.S. Geological Survey currently operates about 400 data collection sites in Montana for acquiring information on surface-water, ground-water, water-quality, and precipitation. Many of these sites are equipped with satellite telemetry, which provides real-time data via GOES satellites and downlinks, which enables the posting of data to the Web for public dissemination.
Montana Water Center: Montana's clearinghouse for water information.
MT DEQ – Non-point Source Program: This program's goal is to protect and restore water quality from the impacts of nonpoint sources of pollution in order to provide a clean and healthy environment.
Planning, Prevention & Assistance Division: The Planning, Prevention, and Assistance Division develops integrated energy, waste management and water plans to protect Montana's environmental resources.
Montana Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL): A TMDL is both a way to quantify water quality problems and a tool to help solve those problems.
Center for Invasive Plant Management: The Center for Invasive Plant Management is a regionally focused Center based at Montana State University. They work in partnership with county, state, and federal agencies, tribes, nongovernmental organizations, private industry, commodity groups, and academic institutions.
Montana Weed Control Association: The mission of the Montana Weed Control Association is to strengthen, support, and coordinate weed management efforts in the state of Montana in accordance with the Montana State Weed Plan.
Montana Trout Unlimited: Montana Trout Unlimited's mission is to conserve, protect, and restore Montana's world-class coldwater fisheries and their watersheds.
Jefferson River Canoe Trail: Seeks to preserve the land and history of the Jefferson River and neighboring segments of the Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail.
George Grant Chapter of Trout Unlimited: The mission of the George Grant Chapter of Trout Unlimited is to preserve, protect and restore the wild trout fisheries of southwest Montana.
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The PES WiP Mentor Program offers you the chance to give back to the next generation of leaders in the power and energy industry.
We are actively seeking successful leaders in the field—both men and women—to serve as mentors to one or more mentees. The exact nature, duration and frequency of the mentoring can be specified by you.
Interested in becoming a mentor? Please fill out the form below and we will get back to you shortly.
Please type in the letters/numbers you see below to help us prevent spam.


CHELMSFORD, MASS. (WHDH) - A Massachusetts State Police trooper came to the aid of an owl on the side of the road in Chelmsford.
State Poilce said they received several calls about an owl that was dangerously close to be hit on the northbound side of I-495. The trooper blocked the lane with his cruiser as he checked out the owl, who was not injured.
The trooper managed to get the owl back into the woods to safety.


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Grace the scene in this Color Block Scuba Crepe Sleeveless Dress.
Color-blocked design on a scuba crepe fabrication.


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In the 19th century, shortly after the industrial revolution, railways quickly spread over the world. Japan, importing Western culture and eager to become one of the Grand Nations, saw the birth of many private railway companies and entered the Golden Age of railways. Eventually, as a result of the actions of powerful people and capitalists, many of these smaller companies gradually merged into larger ones.
In Trains, the players are such capitalists, managing private railways companies and striving to become bigger and better than the competition. The game takes place during the 19th and 20th century in the 2012 OKAZU Brand edition, whereas the 2013 AEG/Pegasus edition is set in modern times, with bullet trains, freight trains and more. read more...
Hisashi Hayashi
€ 59.95 € 29.97 € 29.97 visit
Expansions for Trains
Trains: Map Pack 1 - Germany/Northeastern USA
Trains: Map Pack 2 - Europe/Italy/California
Ticket to Ride: First Journey (Europe)
Trains: Rising Sun
boardgame blue yellow cards points colors colours green red money hexes city cities railways actions cubes black trains stations colored coloured
In Trains, the players are such capitalists, managing private railways companies and striving to become bigger and better than the competition. The game takes place during the 19th and 20th century in the 2012 OKAZU Brand edition, whereas the 2013 AEG/Pegasus edition is set in modern times, with bullet trains, freight trains and more. You will start with a small set of cards, but by building a more effective deck throughout the game, you will be able to place stations and lay rails over the maps of Osaka, Tokyo or other locations. The trick is to purchase the cards you want to use, then use them as effectively as possible. Gain enough points from your railways and you will ultimately manage the most powerful railroads in modern Japan!