Need To Know Using Your Apple iPhone? Read These Pointers!
What is an apple iPhone application and just what would they assist you to? The next article will answer that question and provide you with information to really make it much simpler to make use of applications to make the most of your apple iPhone. You may also think it is makes your entire existence becoming simpler too.
Say that you're surfing for local dry cleansers. When finding the amount, you don't have to types directly into call the company. Just press the quantity you is going to be instantly attached to the place you are attempting to.
A screen is really a smart investment for the apple iPhone. Without this type of protective device, you will see scratches and nicks. Even grime in your finger may cause scratches.
Any web site you regularly visit can be created into an application. Tap "Go" if you have the website. This gives you the opportunity to put this website in your desktop.
This fabulous feature enables you to definitely receive and examine messages immediately on your messages. You are able to pick various email options or perhaps nearly any account for your phone.
An internet site that's made with boxes could be perused gradually one fingered scrolling. You are able to rapidly scroll lower the entire page by utilizing two fingers.
Most apple iPhone customers are savvy using the camera application on their own phone's built-in camera. It can be hard to scroll through pictures after taking them. The apple iPhone includes a built-in album to assist organize your photos as well as simpler to locate them. This makes it a great deal simpler to location specific picture much faster.
If you need to apple iPhone with Siri and cost your privacy, consider restricting just how much you tell Siri. Apple makes note of those tracks after which stores them on internal servers. This can help them develop speech recognition programs, but don't forget it also records exactly what you say while using the Siri application.
In case your phone freezes and doesn't react to Wake/Sleep, it is simple to execute a relaxation to obtain everything in condition. Continue the sleep button and also the home button simultaneously for many seconds. This can turn off and restarts it so that your apple iPhone.
Always make sure that you are keeping the OS to the newest version. Apple iPhone s have finally almost become as intricate as computer systems, there is available sporadic patches to correct functionality issues, security holes and functionality issues. This upgrading is crucial if private information is utilized online making use of your phone.
One easy tip for that apple iPhone is to locate a ring-tone you undoubtedly love. The default ring tones match other Apple iPhone customers and you simply among the crowd. You are able to upload an excellent song or seem byte you like. This can set your phone is ringing.
This short article above must have provided some efficient ways to make the most use from your apple iPhone and begin making use of your phone to enhance your everyday existence. Implement that which you read so that you can help make your copyright notice phone simpler to make use of as well as your existence more workable copyright notice.


text:
Game Summary - Rays Marlins FINAL
Friday, June 17, 2016 @ 5:00pm
Sinaloa Baseball Field, Sinaloa
Rays 8
Marlins 0
T (Tommy) Bentivegna. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
I (Bella) DeRuvo. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
B Duncan. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
C Farrell. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Z Lamphere. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
C McCue. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
M Milano. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
J Mullineaux Idell. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
T (Tyler) Nettelman. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
G (Garret) Novak. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
M Orcutt. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
J Suter. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
J Abbey. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
M Caro Del Castillo. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
C Cunnan. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
T (Trent) Free. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
H Gray. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
N (Nico) Haralambidis. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
J (Joe) Mason. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
K Mello. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Co Moylan. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
Ja Roberts. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
S (Beau) Thompson. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
L (Luke) Wynne. 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000
T (Tommy) Bentivegna. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I (Bella) DeRuvo. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B Duncan. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C Farrell. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z Lamphere. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C McCue. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M Milano. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
J Mullineaux Idell. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T (Tyler) Nettelman. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
G (Garret) Novak. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M Orcutt. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
J Suter. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Totals 0.0
J Abbey. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M Caro Del Castillo. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C Cunnan. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T (Trent) Free. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
H Gray. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N (Nico) Haralambidis. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
J (Joe) Mason. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
K Mello. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Co Moylan. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ja Roberts. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S (Beau) Thompson. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L (Luke) Wynne. 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rays Game Recap
Marlins Game Recap
I'm sorry. No Game Recap has been written by the Coach or Organization yet.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Klingon beauty pageant has definitely gotten more elaborate, Brad Allison has noticed. Definitely. "But the overall number of trekkies excuse me, I shouldn't call them trekkies," he says, eschewing a name that has some pejorative overtones, "the number of Star Trek enthusiasts seem to have declined."
Condition: Like New Price: 24.99 Euros Item Location: Germany Seller: Ponton In German. Never played, only unpacked. Every piece in perfect state. Payment by bank transfer. Shipping costs in Germany: ? 3.90. Ask for shipping costs if you're not from Germany.
Family housing revenue bonds purchased by the bank.
LucasArts has officially announced Star Wars Battlefront II, the next installment to the Battlefield-esque shooter franchise.
A wedding recently occurred by a couple who met playing the MMORPG Star Wars Galaxies. I'm just glad they didn't meet playing Toontown Online.
If you ever wondered what Captain Kirk, Darth Vader, Han Solo, or Chewbacca's business card look like follow the link. Business cards of many other sci-fi characters are featured.
In the first episode of the Star Wars Action News Book Club podcast, Arnie and other book club members discuss the first piece of Star Wars to ever hit the public: the novel Star Wars credited to George Lucas but ghost written by Alan Dean Foster. Also included in this episode is an interview with Alan Dean Foster where he discusses writing Star Wars as well as the first Expanded Universe book, Splinter of the Mind's Eye.


National Talent Search Scheme (NTSS) is a national-level scholarship program in the Indian Union to identify and recognize students with high intellect and academic talent. The NTSE Examination is conducted for students studying in Class X only.
NTSE exam tests a candidate's skills in diverse subjects from reasoning, problem solving (MAT) to questions from Science, Mathematics, History and Economics (SAT). NTSE requires a strategic preparation that will cover all the concepts you have read till class 10th.
The National Talent Search Examination (NTSE) is the most prestigious scholarship exam at the high school level in India. Along with Scholarship every month, A NTSE scholar tag demands a lot of respect in our society. Mystudycart provides Online Coaching for NTSE exam through Live and two-way interactive classes.
Mystudycart provides complete support for NTSE Coaching with Online Live Classes where students can interact 1 on 1 through voice with best experts and faculties in India.
Live and 2 way interactive classes right from your home / any place.
All classes will be recorded for future reference and revision of the exams.
Smallest batch size of 20 Students only to focus on the preparation of each student.
Global competition & analysis between Indian and NRI students through online platform.
Parents can monitor their child's performance and improvement at home itself.
Counselling sessions with experts for entire duration of the course.
Scholarship not just on the basis of marks but also on other achievements.
Quality content on the website to answer your every question.
Note: We will not spam you and never share your contact details with any third party site.
For more details about NTSE Online Coaching, Please speak to our counseling expert on +91-888-2124-333.


To kick off the new year, we'd like to share with you data on Bradystewartcollection's Blog's activity in 2015. You may start scrolling!
There were 36 pictures uploaded, taking up a total of 11 MB. That's about 3 pictures per month.
The busiest day of the year was April 13th with 81 views. The most popular post that day was Growing Up in Bethel Park Pennsylvania.
In 2015, there were 4 new posts, growing the total archive of this blog to 51 posts.
These are the posts that got the most views on Bradystewartcollection's Blog in 2015.


text:
Nicolas Prévost, né le  à Vitry-sur-Seine, est un joueur français de football américain. Joueur professionnel en NFL Europe en 2005.

Biographie
Nicolas Prévost découvre le football américain en 1997 au sein du club des Hauts-de-Seine, les Mousquetaires du Plessis-Robinson. Il joue pour les Mousquetaires pendant quatre ans. Il est sélectionné pour la première fois en équipe de France sénior lors de la saison 2000, lors du championnat d'Europe.

Il effectue ses études à l'Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV) et s'inscrit au pôle espoir d'Amiens, il rejoint aussi le club des Spartiates d'Amiens. Il est retenu en équipe de France pour la coupe du monde 2003. Il remporte avec les Spartiates le Casque de Diamant X en 2004 contre les Argonautes d'Aix-en-Provence. Très actif pendant la finale, il réalise une interception lors du premier drive des Argonautes, puis lors du quatrième quart-temps il intercepte la balle et remonte le terrain sur 40 yards pour inscrire le cinquième touchdown d'Amiens.

Fin 2004, il s'envole pour Tampa Bay et le camp d'entrainement de la NFL Europe. Il effectue un bon camp et se voie proposer un contrat comme joueur national par le Berlin Thunder. Il évolue dans un premier temps avec l'escouade spéciale. Il réalise 2 placages lors de la  contre les Hambourg Sea Devils, dont un placage décisivif en fin de match lors de l'engagement. Il renouvelle sa prestation lors de la  contre les Amsterdam Admirals. Pour la , encore contre les Amsterdam Admirals, il réalise son premier placage avec la défense (placage assisté), plus un placage avec l'escouade spéciale. Il réussit un nouveau placage lors de la  face aux Hamburg Sea Devils, puis dévie une passe lors de la  face aux Centurions de Cologne. Enfin il participe à la finale contre les Amsterdam Admirals.

Lors de l'été 2005, il participe avec la France aux Jeux Mondiaux de Duisbourg. Après une année passée en championnat professionnel, il retrouve le championnat de France avec les Spartiates. Dès 2006, il prend plus de responsabilité au sein de l'équipe picarde, en devenant coordinateur défensif. Il réalise 60 placages (24 seuls et 36assistés) et un sack lors de la saison 2006.En 2007, il est toujours coordinateur défensif des Spartiates. Il ne joue pas beaucoup de match lors de cette saison, réussissant 5 placages (2 seuls et 3 assistés), 2 sacks et 1 fumble provoqué. Il est sélectionné en équipe de France pour la coupe du monde 2007.En 2008, il occupe encore le poste de coordinateur défensif. En plus de jouer en défense, il contribue à l'attaque avec quatre réceptions pour 35 yards de progression et 1 touchdown. En défense il réussit 27 placages (17 seuls et 10 assistés) et un sack.Lors de la saison 2009, il joue moins et se concentre sur son rôle d'entraineur (toujours comme coordinateur défensif coordinateur défensif), il effectue tout de même 4 placages (1 seul et 3 assistés). Durant l'été il accompagne, en tant que coordinateur défensif, l'équipe de France junior à la coupe du monde qui se déroule aux États-Unis.En 2010, il prend la fonction d'entraineur au côté de Perez Mattison arrivé des Templiers d'Élancourt. Avec les Spartiates, il remporte son deuxième Casque de Diamant. En juillet il participe avec l'équipe de France au championnat d'Europe, où la France termine deuxième derrière l'Allemagne.

Depuis septembre 2014,il est joueur aux Météores de Fontenay-Sous-Bois et entraine l'équipe U19 en tant que Head Coach

Statistiques NFL Europa
Ne prend en compte que les statistiques en escouade défensive.

Palmarès
Compétition, trophée (nombre de trophées remportés dans la compétition).

Trophées amateurs
Championnat de France Élite, Casque de Diamant (2) : 2004, 2010,2012
Championnat d'Europe, médaille d'argent (1) : 2010

Notes

Références

Lien externe

Joueur français de football américain
Naissance en novembre 1980
Naissance à Vitry-sur-Seine
Étudiant de l'université de Picardie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
When I first began this website, I had just one cozy mystery author whose last name began with "I". It was for that reason that I joined the "I" authors with the "J" authors. But since then, I have added several more "I" authors, and, with that, I gave the "I" authors their own page! I was only familiar with the one author, but thanks to several site readers, I have been "introduced" to the rest.
India Ink (aka Yasmine Galenorn)… India Ink writes the Bath and Body mystery series. Yasmine Galenorn's two series (Chintz 'n China and Sisters of the Moon) are mysteries with fantasy/romance, and a little supernatural thrown in…
Michael Innes (aka John Innes Mackintosh Stewart) Innes (the name he used when writing his mysteries) taught English after graduating from Oxford. He is best known for his Inspector John Appleby books. (On the Crime Writers' Association Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time)
D.E. Ireland Ireland is the pseudonym used by two authors – Meg Mims (aka Meg Macy) and Sharon Pisacreta (aka Sharon Farrow). They write the Eliza Doolitttle and Henry Higgins Mystery Series. Eliza teams up with Professor Higgins to become a sleuthing team in Edwardian London.
William Irish aka Cornell Woolrich & George Hopley…. As Woolrich, he wrote the novel which was later made into the classic Hitchcock movie "Rear Window."
Elizabeth Ironside (aka Lady Catherine Manning) Ironside has written five stand-alone mystery novels…
Susan Isaacs Isaacs wrote the second mystery in her series twenty years after the first book in the series. Although this amount of "between-time" is unusual, she is able to pull this feat off!
Jane Isenberg Isenberg has her undergraduate degree from Vassar, with her doctorate from NYU.
Roberta Isleib (aka Lucy Burdette) Isleib is a clinical psychologist who writes two mystery series, one about a professional golfer and her second series is about a psychologist/advice columnist. She has been nominated for both of the prestigious Agatha and Anthony mystery awards. As Lucy Burdette, she writes the Key West Food Critic Mystery Series.
Judith K. Ivie Ivie writes the Kate Lawrence Mystery Series which features a 40 (+) year old, who with the help of her two friends, starts out in a Hartford law firm, and ends up as a realtor/sleuth…
Back to "H" Authors ***** ***** "J" Authors


text:
Article 158: Mechanisms enable citizens get their needs
Article 159: Agricultural affairs and policy
Article 164: Free healthcare for all
Article 166: Own independent currency, and not linked to any foreign currency.
Article 167: The currency of the State is gold and silver
Popular from Ruling & Administration
Article 34: Procedures of the appointment of the Caliph
Article 25: The Khilafah is a contract of choice and consent
Article 32: Vacancy of the position of Caliphate
Article 40: Requires to remove the Caliph
Article 53: Preconditions of governor and 'Ummal
Article 59: Dismissal of governor
Article 54: Powers of governor
Article 36: The powers of the Caliph
Article 102: The treasury (Bayt Al-Mal)
Article 52: Administrative division of the country
Constitution of the Caliphate State / Administrative System, Treasury, Media
Category: dministrative System, Treasury, Media §96-104
Article 102: The treasury (Bayt Al-Mal) is the administration responsible for the revenues and expenditure in accordance with the Shari'ah rules in terms of their collection, storage and spending. The head of the office of the treasury is called the Treasurer of the Treasury (Khazin Bayt Al-Mal). The offices in the provinces fall under it and the head of each office is called the Trustee of the Treasury (Sahib Bayt Al-Mal).
Bayt Al-Mal is a noun made from a genitive construction. It is used to mean the place where the state's revenues are kept until they are spent. It could mean the authority responsible for receiving and spending the funds entitled for Muslims.
We have adopted – as we explained earlier - that the governor is given a special authority that excludes the army, judiciary and funds. Thus, the whole army will be a central department (presided over by the Amir of Jihad). The judiciary will be a central department (known as judiciary) and the entire funds form a central department (known as the treasury), which is separate from any other organisation in the State, and is subordinate to the Khalifah as are the other organisations.
This is in addition to the fact that there are abundant evidences that the treasury was under the direct authority of the Messenger or the Khalifah, or whoever he appointed to preside over it. The Messenger of Allah would sometimes deal directly with the funds and he had a safe. He used to receive the funds, distribute them, and spend them in their due place. On other occasions he used to appoint somebody to take care of that. This is what the righteous Khulafaa' used to do after him , where they either took charge of the treasury by themselves, or they delegated others to do that on their behalf.
The Messenger of Allah used to place the funds in the mosque, as Al-Bukhari narrated from Anas, he said:
«أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ بِمَالٍ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ: انْثُرُوهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ»
"Some funds were brought to the Prophet from Bahrain. He said: 'Spread it out in the mosque.'"
He would sometimes put it in one of the rooms of his wives, as it was narrated by Al-Bukhari from Uqbah, he said:
«صَلَّيْتُ وَرَاءَ النَّبِيِّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ الْعَصْرَ، فَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ قَامَ مُسْرِعًا، فَتَخَطَّى رِقَابَ النَّاسِ إِلَى بَعْضِ حُجَرِ نِسَائِهِ، فَفَزِعَ النَّاسُ مِنْ سُرْعَتِهِ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَرَأَى أَنَّهُمْ عَجِبُوا مِنْ سُرْعَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: ذَكَرْتُ شَـيْئًا مِنْ تِـبْرٍ عِنْدَنَا، فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَنِي، فَأَمَرْتُ بِقِسْمَتِهِ»
"I offered the `Asr prayer behind the Prophetصلى الله عليه وآله وسلمat Medina. When he finished the prayer with Taslim, he got up hurriedly and went out by crossing the rows of the people to one of the dwellings of his wives. The people got scared at his speed . The Prophetصلى الله عليه وآله وسلمcame back and found the people surprised at his haste and said to them, "I remembered a piece of gold lying in my house and I did not like it to divert my attention from Allah's worship, so I have ordered it to be distributed (in charity)".
With respect to keeping it in a safe - Muslim narrated from Umar (ra) that he said:
«... فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: أَيْنَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ؟ قَالَتْ: هُوَ فِي خِزَانَتِهِ فِي الْمَشْرُبَةِ ... فَنَظَرْتُ بِبَصَرِي فِي خِزَانَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِقَبْضَةٍ مِنْ شَعِيرٍ نَحْوِ الصَّاعِ، وَمِثْلِهَا قَرَظًا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْغُرْفَةِ وَإِذَا أَفِيقٌ مُعَلَّقٌ. قَالَ: فَابْتَدَرَتْ عَيْـنَايَ قَالَ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ؟ قُلْتُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ، وَمَا لِي لاَ أَبْكِي وَهَذَا الْحَصِيرُ قَدْ أَثَّرَ فِي جَنْبِكَ، وَهَذِهِ خِزَانَتُكَ لا أَرَى فِيهَا إِلاَّ مَا أَرَى؟ ...»
"..So I said to her, 'Where is the Messenger of Allah ?' She said 'He is in his safe in the wooden oriel.' I gazed in the safe of the Messenger of Allah and I suddenly saw an amount of barley of about one sa' (a small cubic measure) and equal to that of tree fruits used for juice on one side of the room. I saw as well an un-tanned skin hanging in the room. My eyes wept. The Prophet said 'What makes you weep, son of Al-Khattab?' I said 'O Prophet of Allah! Why I should not weep when this mat has influenced your side and this is your safe in which I do not see except that which I see…'."
At the time of the righteous Khulafaa', the place in which funds were kept came to be known as Bayt Al-Mal. Ibn Sa'd mentioned in Al-Tabaqat from Sahl Ibn Abu Hathmah and others: "Abu Bakr used to have a house in Al-Sanh not guarded by anybody. So it was said to him, 'Why do you not put somebody to guard it?' He said, 'It has a lock.' He used to give out that which was in it until it became empty. When he moved to Madinah, he moved it and placed it in his house." Hinad narrated in Al-Zuhd with a good chain from Anas, he said: "A person came to Umar and said, 'O Leader of the Believers! Support me for I want to go in Jihad. Umar replied, 'Hold his hand and take him to Bayt Al-Mal so he can take the funds he wants."In Al-Sunan Al-Kubra by Al-Bayhaqi, which was authenticated by Ibn Hajar from 'Abd Allah b. Wadi'ah, said: "Salim, the servant of Abu Hudhayfah, was a servant to a woman from us called Salma bint Ye'ar, she freed him in her days of Jahiliyyah. When he was killed in Al-Yamamah, his heritage was brought to Umar Ibn Al-Khattab. So he called upon Wadi'ah Ibn Khidham and said, 'This is the heritage of your servant, and you deserve it more.' He said, 'O Leader of the Believers. Allah has made us of no need to him. Our woman has freed him unrestricted; so we do not want to bring disgrace to ourselves, (or to bring loss upon us) from his matter.' So, Umar put his inheritance wealth in the Bayt Al-Mal." Al-Bayhaqi and Al-Darimi narrated, and Ibn Hazm authenticated it: "Sufyan b. 'Abd Allah b. Rabi'ah Al-Thaqafi found a leather bag and brought it to Umar b. Al-Khattab. He said, 'Announce it for one year; and if it was recognised (by someone) then give it (to them), otherwise it is yours.' No body recognised it, so he met him the next year and mentioned it to him. Umar said, 'It is yours, for the Messenger of Allah ordered us to do that.' He said, 'I do not want it.' Umar took it and put it in the Bayt Al-Mal."Al-Darimi and Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated from 'Abd Allah b. Amr who said: "A servant passed away at the time of Uthman without having a relative. So, he ordered that his wealth be put in Bayt Al-Mal."Ibn 'Abd Al-Barr narrated in Al-Istidhkar from Anas Ibn Sirin "Ali used to divide the funds until the Bayt Al-Mal became empty, then he would wash it and sit inside."
This is in regards to the first meaning of Bayt Al-Mal, which is the place. With regards to the second meaning, which is the responsible authority, this is necessitated by the fact that the funds are sometimes not kept in a place, such as the lands, oil wells, gas wells, mines, and the charity funds that are taken from the wealth and paid to its deserving people without being kept in a place. The Bayt Al-Mal is sometimes used to mean the responsible authority as narrated by Al-Bayhaqi in Sunan, Ahmad in Al-Musnad, and 'Abd Al-Razzaq in His Musannaf, from Lahiq Ibn Hameed "Ibn Mas'ood was sent to preside over the judiciary and Bayt Al-Mal." It would not mean that Umar (ra) sent him as a doorman to the Bayt Al-Mal, but rather he meant that he was responsible to collect and spend the funds. This is the same meaning as narrated by Ibn Al-Mubarak in Al-Zuhd from Al-Hasan, when the leaders of Basra came with Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari and requested him to assign food for them. He said, in concluding his words to them: 'O Leaders! I have assigned two sheep and two patches of arable land to you from the Bayt Al-Mal'; thus it can mean the responsible authority.
The one that disposes of the revenues and deals with the expenses of Bayt Al-Mal is the Khalifah.
The Messenger of Allah was the one that received the donations of 'Uthman (ra) to the army of hardship ('Usrah) in his lap. Ahmad narrated and Al-Tirmidhi reported a narration - they considered it to be Hasan Gharib, and Al-Hakim authenticated it and Al-Dhahabi agreed with him - from 'Abd al Rahman b. Samrah that he said:
(جَاءَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ فِي ثَوْبِهِ حِينَ جَهَّزَ النَّبِيُّ جَيْشَ الْعُسْرَةِ قَالَ فَصَـبَّهَا فِي حِجْرِ النَّبِيِّ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ يُقَلِّـبُهَا بِيَدِهِ وَيَقُولُ:«مَا ضَرَّ ابْنَ عَفَّانَ مَا عَمِلَ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ» يُرَدِّدُهَا مِرَارًا)
"'Uthman came to the Prophet with one thousand dinars when he prepared the Army of the Hardship (Tabuk) and he emptied it in the lap of the Prophet . He said the Prophet started to turn them around and say: 'Uthman will not be harmed by any work he does after today, and he repeated it many times".He used sometimes to divide them by himself. Al-Bukhari narrated from Anas:
«أُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ بِمَالٍ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ فَقَالَ: انْثُرُوهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ... فَلَمَّا قَضَى الصَّلاةَ جَاءَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ، فَمَا كَانَ يَرَى أَحَدًا إِلاَّ أَعْطَاهُ ... فَمَا قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَثَمَّ مِنْهَا دِرْهَمٌ»
"Funds from Bahrain were brought to the Prophet . He said 'spread them out in the mosque'. When he finished the prayer, he sat down close to them and left nobody he saw without giving him… when the Messenger of Allah stood up, there was not a single dirham left with them".
Abu Bakr (ra) took responsibility of dividing by himself the funds coming from Bahrain. Al-Bukhari narrated from Jabir who said:
(قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِصلى الله عليه وآله وسلم: «لَوْ قَدْ جَاءَنِي مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، لَقَدْ أَعْطَيـْتُكَ هَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا وَهَكَذَا»، فَلَمْ يَجِئْ حَـتَّى قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ مَالُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ أَمَرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُنَادِيًا فَنَادَى: مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ دَيْنٌ أَوْ عِدَةٌ فَلْيَأْتِنَا، فَأَتَيْـتُهُ فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: لِي كَذَا وَكَذَا، فَحَثَا لِي ثَلاَثاً ...)
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'If funds come from Bahrain, I will give you thus and thus and thus. When the Messenger of Allah died and the funds came from Bahrain, Abu Bakr ordered somebody to call: Whoever has some debt or something with the Messenger of Allah let him come to us. I went to him and said: the Messenger of Allah said: 'for me is thus and thus, so he gave me (of money) three times...'"
In the narration mentioned above of Sufyan Al-Thaqafi regarding the leather bag which he found and announced to Umar (ra): "Umar took it and put it in the Bayt Al-Mal". Al-Shafi'i reported in Al-Umm "More than one of the scholars told us that when the spoils of Iraq reached Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, the trustee of the Bayt Al-Mal told him, 'let me put them in the Bayt Al-Mal'. He said: 'No! By the Lord of the Ka'bah, it will not be kept in any house until I have divided it.' So he ordered it should be put in the mosque, and leather mats were put on top of it and men from the Muhajir and Al-Ansar guarded it. In the morning, Al-'Abbas b. 'Abd Al-Muttalib and 'Abd Al-Rahman b. 'Awf went out with him, he was either holding the hand of one of them, or one of them was holding his hand. When they saw him, they removed the leather mats away from the funds. So, he saw a scene he never saw before. He saw the gold, sapphire, crystals, and pearl sparkling and he cried. One of them said to him, 'By Allah! This is not a day of crying, rather a day of praising and delight.' He said 'By Allah! I did not think of it your way. Rather, such funds will not increase in any people except their harm falls between them.' Then he turned to the Qiblah, rose up his hands and said, 'O my Lord! I seek protection with you from being allured, for I hear You (swt) saying:
((سَنَسْتَدْرِجُهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ))
"But those who deny Our signs - We will progressively lead them [to destruction] from where they do not know.". (TMQ 7:183).Then he said, 'Where is Suraqah Ibn Ja'sham?' He was brought to him while his arms were hairy and slim. He gave him the two bracelets of Kisra. He said, 'Wear them' and he did. He then said, 'Allah is great.' He said, 'Allah is Great' He said, 'Say all Praise is to Allah, who wrested them from Kisra Ibn Hirmiz and dressed Suraqah b. Ja'sham with them, a Bedouin from Bani Midlij.' He started to turn over the funds with a stick and said, 'Indeed the one that rendered that is honest.' A man said to him, 'Let me tell you, you are the trustee of Allah (ameen), and they render to you that which you rendered to Allah. So, if you reveled they would revel.' He said, 'You said the truth.' then he distributed it". We mentioned before also the narration of 'Abd Allah b. Amr as reported by Al-Darimi "A servant passed away at the time of Uthman without having a relative. So, he ordered that his wealth be put in Bayt Al-Mal". This is aside from the narration of Anas Ibn Sirin in Al-Istidhkar that "Ali used to divide the funds until the Bayt Al-Mal became empty, then he would wash it and sit inside (on the floor)."
The Messenger of Allah would sometimes appoint one of his companions to preside over the division of the funds, or he used to appoint him over some of the issues of the funds. Al-Bukhari reported a narration from 'Uqbah that the Messenger of Allah said:
«ذَكَرْتُ شَـيْئًا مِنْ تِـبْرٍ عِنْدَنَا، فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ يَحْبِسَنِي، فَأَمَرْتُ بِقِسْمَتِهِ»
"I remembered a piece of gold Lying in my house and I did not like it to divert my attention from Allah's worship, so I have ordered it to be distributed (in charity)."The narration of Ibn Shihab, as reported by Ibn Abi Shaybah through a narration considered Hasan by Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar Al-'Asqalani, Al-Mundhiri and Al-Haythami says:
«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ دَخَلَ خِزَانَةَ بِلاَلٍ الَّتِي يَضَعُ فِيهَا الصَّدَقَاتِ، فَوَجَدَ فِيهَا صُبْرَةً مِنْ تَمْرٍ، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا التَّمْرُ يَا بِلاَلُ؟ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَخَذْتُهَا لِنَوَائِبِكَ. قَالَ: أَفَأَمِنْتَ أَنْ تُصْبِحَ وَلَهَا فِي جَهَنَّمَ بُخَارٌ؟ أَنْفِقْ وَلاَ تَخْشَ مِنْ ذِي الْعَرْشِ إَقْلاَلاً أَوْ إِقْتَاراً»
"The Messenger of Allah entered the safe of Bilal in which he put the Sadaqah (charity) and found in it a heap of dates, so he said, 'What are these dates, O Bilal?' He said 'O Messenger of Allah, I took it for your hard times.' He said, 'Do you feel safe from waking up and finding it fume in Hell? Spend and do not fear reduction or stinginess from the Owner of the Throne.'"And also in the narration: "Abd al Rahman b. 'Awf used to take charge of the Sadaqah of camels and sheep at the time of the Messenger of Allah , and Bilal used to take charge of the Sadaqah of fruits; while Mahmiyyah Ibn Juz' used to take charge of the fifth (of the Messenger of Allah and his household)". And Khalifah said: "And Bilal was responsible for his expenses".
Ibn Hibban reported in his Sahih from 'Abd Allah b. Lahya Al-Huzani, who said: "I met with Bilal, the Mu'adhin of the Messenger of Allah and said, 'O Bilal! How much were the expenses of the Messenger of Allah ?' He replied, 'He did not have anything. I was the one that took care of that since he was sent as a Messenger till the day he passed away. If a Muslim came to him and he saw him not dressed he ordered me to rush and borrow some money so as to buy him a cloak to dress him and also feed him'". Muslim reported from Abu Rafi', the servant of the Messenger of Allah , who said:
«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اسْـتَسْلَفَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَكْرًا، فَقَدِمَتْ عَلَيْهِ إِبِلٌ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، فَأَمَرَ أَبَا رَافِعٍ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ الرَّجُلَ بَكْرَهُ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو رَافِعٍ فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَجِدْ فِيهَا إِلاَّ خِيَارًا رَبَاعِيًا، فَقَالَ: أَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ، إِنَّ خِيَارَ النَّاسِ أَحْسَـنُهُمْ قَضَاءً»
"The Messenger of Allah borrowed a young camel. Then he received some camels of the Sadaqah. He ordered Abu Rafi' to repay the man his young camel. I said: I did not find in the camels except a four year old good camel. The Messenger of Allah said: give it to him, for the best people are those who are best in repayment".
It is also mentioned in the narration of Ibn Abbas, which is agreed upon: That when the Messenger of Allah sent Mu'adh to Yemen, he said:
«قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ:... فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ، فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةً تُؤْخَذُ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِهِمْ فَـتُرَدُّ عَلَى فُقَرَائِهِمْ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَطَاعُوا لَكَ بِذَلِكَ، فَإِيَّاكَ وَكَرَائِمَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَاتَّقِ دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْـلُومِ فَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بَيْـنَهُ وَبَيْنَ اللهِ حِجَابٌ»
"And if they obey you in that, tell them that Allah has enjoined on them five prayers in each day and night. And if they obey you in that tell them that Allah has made it obligatory on them to pay the Zakat which will be taken from the rich among them and given to the poor among them. If they obey you in that, then avoid taking the best of their possessions, and be afraid of the invocation of an oppressed person because there is no screen between his invocation and Allah". It is also reported in Muslim from Abu Hurayrah
"that the Messenger of Allah sent Umar to collect the Sadaqah".
The Righteous Khulafaa' followed him in his method, so they used to appoint some other people to run the affairs of funds. Ibn Ishaq and Khalifah said: "Abu Bakr appointed Abu 'Ubaydah b. Al-Jarrah in charge of Bayt Al-Mal, and then he sent him to Al-Sham". Al-Dhahabi said commenting on the life of Mu'ayqib that "Abu Bakr and Umar appointed him in charge of the Bayt Al-Mal". In Ibn Kathir's Al-Bidayah wa 'l-Nihayah he mentioned from 'Abd Allah b. Zubayr "The Messenger of Allah used 'Abd Allah b. Al-Arqam b. 'Abdu Yaghuth as a scribe, and he used to reply to the Kings on his behalf, and it was mentioned that he used to order him to write to some of the Kings and would stamp what he read to him due to the trust he had with him, and he wrote to Abu Bakr and made him responsible for the Bayt Al-Mal and Umar b. Al-Khattab consented to that". Ibn Sa'd narrated in Al-Tabaqat and Ibn Hajar in Al-'Isabah that the treasurer of Umar (ra) was his servant Yasar Ibn Numayr. Ahmad in his Musnad and 'Abd Al-Razzaq in Al-Musannaf reported from Lahiq b. Hamid that he said, "And he sent Ibn Mas'ud in charge of judiciary and Bayt Al-Mal", meaning to Kufa. Khalifah reported from Malik Ibn Anas from Zayd b. Aslam that "Umar appointed 'Abd Allah b. Arqam in charge of the Bayt Al-Mal". Ibn Khuzymah reported in his Sahih from 'Urwah b. Al-Zubaiyr that "'Abd Al-Rahman b. 'Abd Al-Qari said, 'I was in charge of the Bayt Al-Mal at the time of Umar b. Al-Khattab". Ibn Hajar narrated in Al-Fateh in the context of speaking about the virtues of 'Abd Allah b. Mas'ud: "And he was appointed by Umar and 'Uthman in charge of the Bayt Al-Mal in Kufa". Al-Jahshayari mentioned in Al-Wuzara' wa 'l-Kuttab "that 'Abdullah b. Arqam Ibn 'Abdu Yaghuth, one of the scribes of the Prophet, used to run the Bayt Al-Mal to him", meaning to 'Uthman (ra). Al-Hakim mentioned in Al-Mustadrak from Al-Zubayr Ibn Bakkar that, "Abdullah Ibn Al-Arqam Ibn Abdu Yaghuth was in charge of Bayt Al-Mal at the time of Umar and the beginning of the authority of Uthman till he passed away; and he had some companionship (with the Messenger)". Ibn 'Abd Al-Barr said in Al-Isti'ab: "Zaid Ibn Thabit was in charge of the Bayt Al-Mal during the Khilafah of Uthman; Zaid used to have a slave called Wahib, Uthman saw him helping them in the Bayt Al-Mal, so he said: 'Who is this?' Zayd replied, 'A slave to me.' Uthman said, 'I see that he helps the Muslims, and he is entitled for a right, and I allocate it to him.' So he allocated to him two thousand. Zayd said, 'By Allah, you cannot allocate two thousand to a slave', so he allocated to him one thousand". Al-Sadfi mentioned in the book about the scholars of Egypt and the companions of the Messenger of Allah who entered it: "Abu Rafi' was referred after that to 'Ali b. Abi Talib, so he put him in charge of Bayt Al-Mal in Al-Kufa". Ibn 'Abd Al-Barr said in Al-Isti'ab: "'Ubayd Allah b. Abu Rafi' was a treasurer and secretary to 'Ali". Al-'Ayni mentioned in 'Umdat Al-Qari': "'Abd Allah b. Wahb Al-Suwa'i, 'Ali used to honour him, love him and trust him, so he was put in charge of Bayt Al-Mal in Kufa". 'Ali appointed Ziyad in charge of Basra. Al-Jahshiyari said: "When he left Basra, he placed him in charge of Al-Kharaj and Diwan".
The treasury (Bayt Al-Mal) can be divided into two parts:
Revenues: It includes three registers (Diwan):
• The register of the booty and Kharaj: This includes the spoils of war, Kharaj, lands, Jizya, booties and taxes.
• The register of the public property: This includes oil, gas, electricity, minerals, seas, rivers, lakes, springs, forests, pastures and Hima (protected lands).
• The register of Sadaqah: This includes Zakah of money, merchandise, harvest and fruits, camels, cows and sheep.
Expenditure: This includes eight registers:
• The register of the Dar Al-Khilafah.
• The register of the State's services.
• The register of grants.
• The register of Jihad.
• The register of expenses of Sadaqah.
• The register of expenses of public property.
• The register of emergency.
• The register of general budget, general accounting and general inspection.


text:
Sony Newspaper Ad Confirms The PS4 Launch In UK In 2013
AdAdvertAdvertisementMetro NewspaperNewspaper AdPlaystationPlayStation 4PS4SonyUK
Does Having A Dedicated 'Space' Or 'Setup' For Gaming Help Players Play Better And Win More Often?
What Is the Easiest Game to Win at an Online Casino?
How French Players Measure The Reliability Of An Online Casino?
Sony today confirmed that it will be launching the PlayStation 4 in the UK by the end of 2013. Thanks to an advert published in Metro newspaper revealed about the gaming console launch. The company says the PS4 will be arriving in the UK before the year's end as it was aiming for a "holiday 2013" launch.
However, as of now, the company did not mention officially about its other countries launch plan but the advert suggests that it will be planning big this time with a launch worldwide during the holiday season instead of one country launch just like it did in earlier years.
Since Microsoft earlier this week announced Xbox one, its own new gaming console, then its without a doubt, the Japanese company having a huge plan for the launch.


text:
Birthday: Mar 14, 1939
Family name: 中沢
Given name: 啓治
Nakazawa Keiji was a mangaka, scriptwriter and animation producer. Nakazawa was born March 14, 1939 in Hiroshima, Japan. At the age of 6, he survived the 1945 Hiroshima bombing and the loss of most of his immediate family — his father, older sister, younger brother, and younger sister. Only he, his mother, and two brothers who were not at home survived. After graduating from middle school in 1954, he moved to Tokyo in 1961 and became a published manga creator at the age of 24 in 1963. He created several titles such as Kuroi Ame ni Utarete (Drenched by Black Rain) after the passing of his mother in 1966, before drawing his most famous work from 1973 to 1985. The resulting ten volumes of Barefoot Gen have since sold over 6.5 millon copies and have been translated in over 10 languages, including English, Russian, and Korean. Nakazawa had undergone treatment for lung cancer and related ailments in 2010 and 2011. He had abandoned plans for a new Barefoot Gen sequel in 2009 due to his worsening eyesight from a cataract and a damaged retina. However, he said, "Our generation must continue to tell of the horrors of atomic bombs and war." Nakazawa passed away on December 19, 2012 at a Hiroshima hospital due to lung cancer. He was 73.


I reached the isle (as a member of the guild already) one day and just couldn't walk towards the obvious exit listed (east). What's up?
Did you ever ask the elf for your reward? ;) Do the quest again and try that.
I went there yesterday after having left for the mainland.
There is no obvious exit east.
I was able to reenter but not sure what I am doing wrong yet. Probably not a bug or something so excuse me and disregard/delete.


For many businesses, the lure of the initial public offering has lost its gloss. In the US, especially, the number of publicly listed companies has plunged. What's behind this big change?
Oil-producing countries are being forced to rethink their tax mix as oil prices remain low.
The global race to slash company tax rates: where will it end?
Governments globally are cutting – or promising to cut – company tax rates, but what does this mean for advanced economies?
More manufacturing, fewer jobs. Is there a solution?
Manufacturing makes more products than ever before, but not the jobs that once went with them. How can struggling economies resurrect their rust belt regions when factories employ more machines than people?
The Queensland Audit Office is leading the way on analysing large amounts of complex audit data to unlock insights into government agencies.
The Bank of Mum and Dad: what do families and their advisers need to consider?
Many parents who were looking forward to a debt-free retirement are helping adult children enter the property market – and the Australian Treasury is worried.
More and more regulators are following the ATO's example of using less of the big stick approach and more of the consultative process in dealing with business.


Nurlaeli, Leli (2019) PEMBELAJARAN KOLABORATIF SHARING TASK DAN JUMPING TASK PADA TOPIK HUKUM PERBANDINGAN TETAP BERDASARKAN HAMBATAN BELAJAR SISWA DAN REFLEKSI DIRI GURU. S2 thesis, Universitas Pedidikan Indonesia.
This list was generated on Tue Apr 23 09:17:28 2019 WIB.


text:
Bagatelle started in 1978 at a time when original bands weren't all that successful in Ireland. In fact the idea of a band touring nationwide with a full original music set just didn't work………for most !
However Bagatelle's music did work and would help to establish them firmly on the Irish Music Circuit Worldwide. Over those 40 years they've had several No 1 singles with Iconic songs like Summer In Dublin, Second Violin, Trump Card which scored Platinum and Gold Album sales and classic emigration songs like Streets Of New York, Flight of the Earls and Boston Rose all written of course by Bagatelle Hit Man Liam Reilly.
They have shared stages with legends like Bob Marley, John Denver, The Pogues, Duran Duran, The Pretenders, Van Morrison, U2, UB40, George Micheal, Jose Feliciano the list is endless !
Three years ago they completed their Final Year Tour! Retired (for all of about 3 months!) Got bored not touring! Then played a major series of "One For The Road" SOLD OUT gigs all across Ireland
And Now BAGATELLE @ 40, 40 Years of Original Music!!!


It's great to swim in the pool in the morning before a busy day in Lesotho. Hotellook made a collection of hotels for you in case you have no idea how to live without a pool. Cheap hotel rates in this category starts from $109 and reaches $146, and an average rating is 7.4 points out of 10.
Fair for traveling with friends.


LIVE Country to Country, Zip to Zip UPS Shipping quotes. Yes- real-time shipping quotes for your shopper including UPS Global Ship for international orders!
LIVE background HTTP U.S. Postal Service rates for Standard packages.
Open Development policy- The shipping library is in open development, meaning it is separate but included and can be upgraded many times without any cost to you. More shipping features and services are planned for future development.
Live (Background) Real-Time SSL Socket Connection to popular Credit Card Processing Services. Your shoppers will not leave your Web site as they are approved or declined, live online. You can even ban fraudulent shoppers from shopping your Web site.
Shopper Ban feature- you can ban a shopper by IP address for 72 hours.
All based on our ImpactObject Technology so these services can be easily added and updated. Very little is hard coded, allowing our development team to add templates for your use. The templates have many logical functions, including socket connection rules, validation rules and even fraudulent shopper banishment rules.
Currency conversion display allows you to enter currency conversion rates for any country or currency. Your international shoppers can easily see the actual amount that they are spending in their country's own currency.
New 'Trash Can' on shopping cart lets shoppers better manage their carts.
Save for Later" allows shoppers to add several items to their cart, and select to buy only some of the items, while saving the remaining items for a future purchase. Shoppers may also save all of the items in their cart so that they may buy them later.
Easier and faster checkout system.
Personalized shopping cart now displays shopper's name when they add items to the cart, if they have an account. Includes new Session ImpactObjects such as %io_session_shoppername%.
HTML e-mail, so shoppers may now receive perfectly formatted HTML invoices after ordering.
More intelligent session management and cookie features allow a more stable shopping experience with modern browsers, and are friendlier to more secure personal browser settings.
MySQL: 0.0022 s, 11 request(s), PHP: 0.0240 s, total: 0.0262 s, document retrieved from cache.


text:
As Glasgow University owns up to slavery wealth, others urged to follow
The Guardian | 25 September 2018
The institution is making reparations after admitting it had made £200m from the transatlantic trade
Use of "torture" in 1971/ 72 was "a political decision"
Pat Finucane Centre | 25 October 2017
This letter, written 31 March 1977, explicitly states that torture in Northern Ireland was a political decision made by then Secretary of State Lord Carrington.
Statement on behalf of the family of John Pat Cunningham following the arrest of a 73-year-old man in England
PFC | 21 April 2015
"A spokesperson for the PFC has confirmed that the PSNI was in contact earlier this morning to advise the family of murdered Armagh man, John Pat Cunningham, that a man had been arrested in England and brought back to NI for questioning in connection with his death.
Hugh Jordan v the United Kingdom
Hugh Jordan | 04 May 2001
Pearce Jordan's case was heard by the European Court of Human Rights along with three similar cases. The Court agreed that his death was in violation of Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights, a section of which reads: "Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall...
De-proscription of unlawful organisations (added May 2018)
Declassified 1974 NIO discussion doc on de-proscription of UVF and Sinn Fein. The juxtaposition of Sinn Fein (as opposed to the IRA) with the UVF tells us much about British government attitudes to loyalist paramilitary organisations. At the time the UDA remained legal and it would be another 18 years before London finally accepted that the UFF was nothing more...
Legacy of Colonialism (1)
Bloody Sunday (9)
loyalist collusion (9)
Maghaberry (9)
CAJ (2)
five techniques (1)
Lieutenant Stephen Kirby (1)
Rose Mc Cartney (1)
(-) Lord Carrington (1)
(-) Prosecution of former soldiers (1)
(-) RUC killing (1)
(-) scotland (1)
(-) Sinn Fein (1)


Set in the medieval surroundings of Cambridge University, ISSOS offers a unique fencing elective. Students who choose our fencing program will learn from British Fencing Association coaches. This three week course is designed for students of all abilities and levels of physical fitness. Professional coaching and group exercises will assist students to develop quickly in what is one of the most elite and exciting sports around.
Like many elite sports, fencing is surrounded by a certain amount of ceremony. Students will learn about the history and ceremony of the sport and will be encouraged to practise good sportsmanship at all times. This intense and exciting elective has been an Olympic sport since 1896 and o er students invaluable skills in developing; hand eye co-ordination, mental agility, movement and problem solving.
This course will inspire students in an elite and exciting sport in one of the most beautiful surroundings on offer.


text:
The Radcliffe Camera
(Image source: Yashovardhan Sharma / Graduate Photography Competition)
HomeAdmissionsGraduateCoursesDPhil in Finance
DPhil in Finance
The University of Oxford's doctoral programme at the Saïd Business School offers high-calibre finance researchers the chance to work closely with faculty at the forefront of their fields, to be part of a vibrant research community and to benefit from the resources and reputation of the University.
The Saïd Business School is a young school in an ancient university, but it has already generated outstanding research strengths and our DPhil, which is known internationally as a PhD, offers you the opportunity to engage with internationally-renowned faculty and access our specialist research centres and facilities.
The DPhil in Finance embraces subjects such as asset-pricing and corporate finance, the design and regulation of securities markets, corporate financial policy and the impact of financial markets on real economic activity.
The DPhil thesis should not exceed 100,000 words and must be a substantial contribution in finance. You may choose from a range of methodologies and approaches, but your contribution in the field of theory, methodology or in terms of your empirical results should be relevant enough to be published as a book, or as a series of academic articles.
Each student has two supervisors. Supervisors oversee students' study and research as well as advise them on the preparation of their thesis through regular meetings.
The allocation of graduate supervision is the responsibility of the Saïd Business School and it is not always possible to accommodate the preferences of incoming graduate students to work with a particular member of staff. A supervisor may be found outside the Saïd Business School.
It is anticipated that graduates from this course are likely to be recruited to tenure track or research positions in leading business schools as well as positions in international research institutes.
Saïd Business School Alumni Relations Team
The Oxford Business Alumni (OBA) Network is the official alumni network of Saïd Business School University of Oxford. Overseen by the Saïd Business School Alumni Relations Team, the network was established in 1997 to provide a focus for Oxonians who share a common interest in business, ensuring an active network of emotionally and intellectually engaged alumni.
There are more than 20,000 OBA members living in over 140 countries. As part of this network there are 22 chapters and over 60 regional ambassadors across six continents, all offering an exciting variety of events from social gatherings to business-focused networking sessions.
Courses suggested by the school
Law and Finance MSc
All graduate courses offered by the Saïd Business School
Financial Strategy PGDip (Jan. 2021 entry)
Global Business PGDip (Jan. 2020 entry)
Major Programme Management MSc
Master of Business Administration Oxford 1+1 MBA programme
Organisational Leadership PGDip (Feb. 2021 entry)
Strategy and Innovation PGDip (Feb. 2021 entry)
Information regarding the entry requirements for this course can be accessed at the following location:
SBS DPhil in Finance entry requirements
The Saïd Business School is one of the most modern, state-of-the-art business schools in the world. Facilities include seven horseshoe-style lecture theatres and a 300-seat lecture theatre opened by Nelson Mandela in 2002 to cater for larger-scale lectures and events.
A key feature of the building is the provision of informal working areas. There are numerous open spaces throughout, including cloistered walkways and a large internal courtyard, all of which help to foster interaction between students, faculty and visitors.
The Sainsbury Library at the heart of the School has more than 30 public PCs and 100 networked study desks, a collection of course texts and general reading material spread over two well-appointed floors, and an impressive array of powerful electronic databases covering business, management and adjacent fields.
Specialist research centres at the Saïd Business School mirror the knowledge-intensive end of a creative economy. They are helping particular sectors to wrestle with the challenges they face and to discover new directions through research. These centres include the Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation and Skoll Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, amongst others.
Following the period of fee liability, you may also be required to pay a University continuation charge and a college continuation charge. The University and college continuation charges are shown on the Continuation charges page.
There are no compulsory elements of this course that entail additional costs beyond fees (or, after fee liability ends, continuation charges) and living costs. However, please note that, depending on your choice of research topic and the research required to complete it, you may incur additional expenses, such as travel expenses, research expenses, and field trips. You will need to meet these additional costs, although you may be able to apply for small grants from your department and/or college to help you cover some of these expenses.
The following colleges accept students on the DPhil in Finance:
Green Templeton College
St Anne's College
St Edmund Hall
Wadham College
Worcester College
Admission to this course is administered directly by the Saïd Business School. For further details about the course, its requirements, its deadlines and how to apply, please see the course page on the Saïd Business School website (a link can be found under How to Apply below).
Apply via the Saϊd Business School How to Apply
Admission via the Saïd Business School
See the course page on the school's website
RD_GS2
Places in 2020-21†
†Combined figure with DPhil in Management
Funding information from the school
All enquiries
✉ dphil@sbs.ox.ac.uk


Legal Leaf is a Attorney Referral Service in Los Angeles certified with the State Bar of California and proudly serving Los Angeles County. Legal Leaf works to ensure that our member lawyers are pre-screened and meet our high membership standards so consumers receive quality legal representation. Legal Leaf is a free service to consumers. At Legal Leaf, we look out for consumers by continuously monitoring our member lawyers for credentials, ethics, performance and fees. We ensure our members act professionally and ethically, are up-to-date with their continuing legal education requirements, and are insured.
Legal Leaf has searched and found some of the most reputable, credential, highly reviewed lawyers in Southern California to assist you in your legal needs.
Legal Leaf offers to the public the advantages of being a Lawyer Referral and Information Service. In addition, it is important to observe that - Legal Leaf is certified by the State Bar of California.
Legal Leaf is committed to the highest standards of excellence to our clients and members to exceed your expectations.
Legal Leaf can not only assist you by referring you to one of our experienced panel members, but we can also refer you to other organizations that may be able to assist you in solving your problem.
If you would like to know more about our service, please feel free to contact us at any time. Click here to fill out our online referral form, or contact us directly Toll Free at (424) 256-9055.
Our Legal Analysts will connect you with an experienced lawyer best suited to your needs.
Our attorneys have been fully inspected and hold a clean records with the State Bar of California.
For your protection, our attorneys carry malpractice insurance.
We will find you an attorney close to your area.
We have some of the highest screening standards for attorneys in the industry.
Legal Leaf's Lawyer Referral Service will provide you with the effectiveness, confidence, and professionalism of its large list of attorney panel members. Our highly trained team screens all consumer calls and obtains contact, geographic and basic case information, which is then matched with a Legal Leaf member lawyer who is qualified in the specific legal area pertaining to the consumer's needs. If you are looking for a lawyer, call Legal Leaf today for a free lawyer referral specific to your needs. Our member lawyers will provide you with an initial consultation at no charge.
To become the primary source of legal assistance for individuals that are in need of legal representation.
To learn more about the benefits of utilizing a Lawyer Referral Service click here. If you have any questions about the information provided above, please call (424) 256-9055 or contact Legal Leaf.
Call Legal Leaf for a Lawyer Referral to one of Legal Leaf's prescreened and experienced panel member lawyers or law firms.


text:
Dinosaur List
Facts & Theories
Dinosaur FAQ's
Click here to return to the: Table of Contents
THE ANCIENT
Chapter 10:
THE UPPER SILURIAN PERIOD.
Having now treated of the Lower Silurian period at considerable length, it will not be necessary to discuss the succeeding group of the Upper Silurian in the same detail—the more so, as with a general change of species the Upper Silurian animals belong for the most part to the same great types as those which distinguish the Lower Silurian. As compared, also, as regards the total bulk of strata concerned, the thickness of the Upper Silurian is generally very much below that of the Lower Silurian, indicating that they represent a proportionately shorter period of time. In considering the general succession of the Upper Silurian beds, we shall, as before, select Wales and America as being two regions where these deposits are typically developed.
In Wales and its borders the general succession of the Upper Silurian rocks may be taken to be as follows, in ascending order (fig. 57):—
(1) The base of the Upper Silurian series is constituted by a series of arenaceous beds, to which the name of "May Hill Sandstone" was applied by Sedgwick. These are succeeded by a series of greenish-grey or pale-grey slates ("Tarannon Shales"), sometimes of great thickness; and these two groups of beds together form what may be termed the "May Hill Group" (Upper Llandovery of Murchison). Though not very extensively developed in Britain, this zone is one very well marked by its fossils; and it corresponds with the "Clinton Group" of North America, in which similar fossils occur. In South Wales this group is clearly unconformable to the highest member of the subjacent Lower Silurian (the Llandovery group); and there is reason to believe that a similar, though less conspicuous, physical break occurs very generally between the base of the Upper and the summit of the Lower Silurian.
(2) The Wenlock Group succeeds the May Hill group, and constitutes the middle member of the Upper Silurian. At its base it may have an irregular limestone ("Woolhope Limestone"), and its summit may be formed by a similar but thicker calcareous deposit ("Wenlock Limestone"); but the bulk of the group is made up of the argillaceous and shaly strata known as the "Wenlock Shale." In North Wales the Wenlock group is, represented by a great accumulation of flaggy and gritty strata (the "Denbighshire Flags and Grits"), and similar beds (the Page 116 "Coniston Flags" and "Coniston Grits") take the same place in the north of England.
(3) The Ludlow Group is the highest member of the Upper Silurian, and consists typically of a lower arenaceous and shaly series (the "Lower Ludlow Rock") a middle calcareous member (the "Aymestry Limestone"), and an upper shaly and sandy series (the "Upper Ludlow Rock" and "Downton Sandstone"). At the summit, or close to the summit, of the Upper Ludlow, is a singular stratum only a few inches thick (varying from an inch to a foot), which contains numerous remains of crustaceans and fishes, and is well known under the name of the "bone-bed." Finally, the Upper Ludlow rock graduates invariably into a series of red sandy deposits, which, when of a flaggy character, are known locally as the "Tile-stones." These beds are probably to be regarded as the highest member of the Upper Silurian; but they are sometimes looked upon as passage-beds into the Old Red Sandstone, or as the base of this formation. It is, in fact, apparently impossible to draw any actual line of demarcation between the Upper Silurian and the overlying deposits of the Devonian or Old Red Sandstone series. Both in Britain and in America the Lower Devonian beds repose with perfect conformity upon the highest Silurian beds, and the two formations appear to pass into one another by a gradual and imperceptible transition.
The Upper Silurian strata of Britain vary from perhaps 3000 or 4000 feet in thickness up to 8000 or 10,000 feet. In North America the corresponding series, though also variable, is generally of much smaller thickness, and may be under 1000 feet. The general succession of the Upper Silurian deposits of North America is as follows:—
(1) Medina Sandstone.—This constitutes the base of the Upper Silurian, and consists of sandy strata, singularly devoid of life, and passing below in some localities into a conglomerate ("Oneida Conglomerate"), which is stated to contain pebbles derived from the older beds, and which would thus indicate an unconformity between the Upper and Lower Silurian.
(2) Clinton Group.—Above the Medina sandstone are beds of sandstone and shale, sometimes with calcareous bands, which constitute what is known as the "Clinton Group." The Medina and Clinton groups are undoubtedly the equivalent of the "May Hill Group" of Britain, as shown by the identity of their fossils.
Page 117 GENERALIZED SECTION OF THE UPPER SILURIAN STRATA OF WALES AND SHROPSHIRE.
(3) Niagara Group.—This group consists typically of a series of argillaceous beds ("Niagara Shale") capped by limestones ("Niagara Limestone"); and the name of the group is derived from the fact that it is over limestones of this age that the Niagara river is precipitated to form the great Falls. In places the Niagara group is wholly calcareous, and it is continued upwards into a series of marls and sandstones, with beds of salt and masses of gypsum (the "Salina Group"), or into a series of magnesian limestones ("Guelph Limestones"). The Niagara group, as a whole, corresponds unequivocally with the Wenlock group of Britain.
(4) Lower Helderberg Group.—The Upper Silurian period in North America was terminated by the deposition of a series of calcareous beds, which derive the name of "Lower Helderberg" from the Helderberg mountains, south of Albany, and Page 118 which are divided into several zones, capable of recognition by their fossils, and known by local names (Tentaculite Limestone, Water-lime, Lower Pentamerus Limestone, Delthyris Shaly Limestone, and Upper Pentamerus Limestone). As a whole, this series may be regarded as the equivalent of the Ludlow group of Britain, though it is difficult to establish any precise parallelism. The summit of the Lower Heiderberg group is constituted by a coarse-grained sandstone (the "Oriskany Sandstone"), replete with organic remains, which have to a large extent a Silurian facies. Opinions differ as to whether this sandstone is to be regarded as the highest bed of the Upper Silurian or the base of the Devonian. We thus see that in America, as in Britain, no other line than an artificial one can be drawn between the Upper Silurian and the overlying Devonian.
As regards the life of the Upper Silurian period, we have, as before, a number of so-called "Fucoids," the true vegetable nature of which is in many instances beyond doubt. In addition to these, however, we meet for the first time, in deposits of this age, with the remains of genuine land-plants, though our knowledge of these is still too scanty to enable us to construct any detailed picture of the terrestrial vegetation of the period. Some of these remains indicate the existence of the remarkable genus Lepidodendron—a genus which played a part of great importance in the forests of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, and which may be regarded as a gigantic and extinct type of the Club-mosses (Lycopodiaceœ). Near the summit of the Ludlow formation in Britain there have also been found beds charged with numerous small globular bodies, which Dr Hooker has shown to be the seed-vessels or "sporangia" of Club-mosses. Principal Dawson further states that he has seen in the same formation fragments of wood with the structure of the singular Devonian Conifer known as Prototaxites. Lastly, the same distinguished observer has described from the Upper Silurian of North America the remains of the singular land-plants belonging to the genus Psilophyton, which will be referred to at greater length hereafter.
The marine life of the Upper Silurian is in the main constituted by types of animals similar to those characterising the Lower Silurian, though for the most part belonging to different species. The Protozoans are represented principally by Stromatopora and Ischadites, along with a number of undoubted sponges (such as Amphispongia, Astrœospongia, Astylospongia, and Palœomanon).
Amongst the Cœlenterates, we find the old group of Graptolites now verging on extinction. Individuals still Page 119 remain numerous, but the variety of generic and specific types has now become greatly reduced. All the branching and complex forms of the Arenig, the twin-Graptolites
Fig. 58.—A, Monograptus priodon, slightly enlarged. B, Fragment of the same viewed from behind. C, Fragment of the same viewed in front, showing the mouths of the cellules. D, Cross-section of the same. From the Wenlock Group (Coniston Flags of the North of England). (Original.) and Dicranograpti of the Llandeilo, and the double-celled Diplograpti and Climacograpti of the Bala group, have now disappeared. In their place we have the singular Retiolites, with its curiously-reticulated skeleton; and several species of the single-celled genus Monograptus, of which a characteristic species (M. Priodon) is here figured. If we remove from this group the plant-like Dictyonemœ, which are still present, and which survive into the Devonian, no known species of Graptolite has hitherto been detected in strata higher in geological position than the Ludlow. This, therefore, presents us with the first instance we have as yet met with of the total disappearance and extinction of a great and important series of organic forms.
The Corals are very numerously represented in the Upper Silurian rocks some of the limestones (such as the Wenlock Limestone) being often largely composed of the skeletons of these animals. Almost all the known forms of this period belong to the two great divisions of the Rugose and Tabulate corals, the former being represented by species of Zaphrentis, Omphyma, Cystiphyllum, Strombodes, Acervularia, Cyathophyllum, &c.; whilst the latter belong principally to the genera Favosites, Chœtetes, Halysites, Syringopora, Heliolites, and Plasmopora. Amongst the Rugosa, the first appearance of the great and important genus Cyathophyllum, so characteristic of the Palæozoic period, is to be noted; and amongst the Tabulata we have similarly the first appearance, in force at any rate, of the widely-spread genus Favosites—the "Honeycomb-corals." The "Chain-corals" (Halysites), figured below (fig. 59), are also very common examples of the Tabulate corals during this period, though they occur likewise in the Lower Silurian.
Page 120 Amongst the Echinodermata, all those orders which have hard parts capable of ready preservation are more or less largely
Fig. 59.—a, Halysites catenularia, small variety, of the natural size; b, Fragment of a large variety of the same, of the natural size; c, Fragment of limestone with the tubes of Halysites agglomerata, of the natural size; d, Vertical section of two tubes of the same, showing the tabulæ, enlarged. Niagara Limestone (Wenlock), Canada. (Original.) represented. We have no trace of the Holothurians or Sea-cucumbers; but this is not surprising, as the record of the past is throughout almost silent as to the former existence of these soft-bodied creatures, the scattered plates and spicules in their skin offering a very uncertain chance of preservation in the fossil condition. The Sea-urchins (Echinoids) are said to be represented by examples of the old genus Palœchinus. The Star-fishes (Asteroids) and the Brittle-stars (Ophiuroids) are, comparatively speaking, largely represented; the former by species of Palasterina (fig. 60), Palœaster (fig. 60), Palœocoma (fig. 60), Petraster, Glyptaster, and Lepidaster—and the latter by species of Protaster (fig. 61), Palœodiscus, Acroura, and Eucladia. The singular Cystideans, or "Globe Crinoids," with their globular or ovate, tesselated bodies (fig. 46, A, C, D,), are also not uncommon in the Upper Silurian; and if they do not become finally extinct here, they certainly survive the close of this period by but a very brief time. By far the most important, however, of the Upper Silurian Echinodenns, are the Sea-lilies or Crinoids. The limestones of this period are often largely composed of the fragmentary columns and detached Page 121 plates of these creatures, and some of them (such as the Wenlock Limestone of Dudley) have yielded
Fig. 60.—Upper Silurian Star-fishes. 1, Palasterina primœva, Lower Ludlow; 2, Paloeaster Ruthveni, Lower Ludlow; 3, Palœocoma Colvini, Lower Ludlow. (After Salter.) perhaps the most exquisitely-preserved examples of this group with which we are as yet acquainted. However varied in their forms, these beautiful organisms consist of a globular, ovate, or
Fig. 61.—A, Protaster Sedgwickii, showing the disc and bases of the arms; B, Portion of an arm, greatly enlarged. Lower Ludlow. (After Salter.) pear-shaped body (the "calyx"), supported upon a longer or shorter jointed stem (or "column"). The body is covered externally with an armour of closely-fitting calcareous plates (fig. 62), and its upper surface is protected by similar but smaller plates more loosely connected by a leathery integument. From the upper surface of the body, round its margin, springs a series of longer or shorter flexible processes, composed of innumerable calcareous joints or pieces, movably united with one Page 122 another. The arms are typically five in number; but they generally subdivide at least once, sometimes twice, and they are furnished with similar but
Fig. 62.—Upper Silurian Crinoids. a, Calyx and arms of Eucalyptocrinus polydactylus, Wenlock Limestone; b, Ichthyocrinus lœvis, Niagara Limestone, America; c, Taxocrinus tuberculatus, Wenlock Limestone. (After M'Coy and Hall.) more slender lateral branches or "pinnules," thus giving rise to a crown of delicate feathery plumes. The "column" is the stem by which the animal is attached permanently to the bottom of the sea; and it is composed of numerous separate plates, so jointed together that whilst the amount of movement between any two pieces must be very limited, the entire column acquires more or less flexibility, allowing the organism as a whole to wave backwards and forwards on its stalk. Into the exquisite minutiœ of structure by which the innumerable parts entering into the composition of a single Crinoid are adapted for their proper purposes in the economy of the animal, it is impossible to enter here. No period, as before said, has yielded examples of greater beauty than the Upper Silurian, the principal genera represented being Cyathocrinus, Platycrinus, Marsupiocrinus, Taxocrinus, Eucalyptocrinus, Ichthyocrinus, Mariacrinus, Periechocrinus, Glyptocrinus, Crotalocrinus, and Edriocrinus.
The tracks and burrows of Annelides are as abundant in the Upper Silurian strata as in older deposits, and have just as commonly been regarded as plants. The most abundant forms are the cylindrical, twisted bodies (Planolites), which are Page 123 so frequently found on the surfaces of sandy beds, and which have been described as the stems of sea-weeds. These fossils (fig. 63), however, can be nothing more, in most
Fig. 63.—Planolites vulgaris, the filled-up burrows of a marine worm. Upper Silurian (Clinton Group), Canada. (Original.) cases, than the filled-up burrows of marine worms resembling the living Lob-worms. There are also various remains which belong to the group of the tube-inhabiting Annelides (Tubicola). Of this nature are the tubes of Serpulites and Cornultites, and the little spiral discs of Spirorbis Lewisii.
Amongst the Articulates, we still meet only with the remains of Crustaceans. Besides the little bivalved Ostracoda—which here are occasionally found of the size of beans—and various Phyllopods of different kinds, we have an abundance of Trilobites. These last-mentioned ancient types, however, are now beginning to show signs of decadence; and though still individually numerous, there is a great diminution in the number of generic types. Many of the old genera, which flourished so abundantly in Lower Silurian seas, have now died out; and the group is represented chiefly by species of Cheirurus, Encrinurus, Harpes, Proetus, Lichas, Acidaspis, Illœnus, Calymene, Homalonotus, and Phacops—the last of these, one of the Page 124 highest and most beautiful of the groups of Trilobites, attaining here its maximum of development. In the annexed illustration (fig. 64) some of the characteristic Upper Silurian Trilobites are
Fig. 64.—Upper Silurian Trilobites. a, Cheirurus bimucronatus, Wenlock and Caradoc; b, Phacops longicaudatus, Wenlock, Britain, and America; c, Phacops Downingiœ, Wenlock and Ludlow; d, Harpes ungula, Upper Silurian, Bohemia. (After Salter and Barrande.) represented—all, however, belonging to genera which have their commencement in the Lower Silurian period. In addition to the above, the Ludlow rocks of Britain and the Lower Helderberg beds of North America have yielded the remains of certain singular Crustaceans belonging to the extinct order of the Eurypterida. Some of these wonderful forms are not remarkable for their size; but others, such as Pterygotus Anglicus (fig. 65), attain a length of six feet or more, and may fairly be considered as the giants of their class. The Eurypterids are most nearly allied to the existing King-crabs (Limuli), and have the anterior end of the body covered with a great head-shield, carrying two pairs of eyes, the one simple and the other compound. The feelers are converted into pincers, whilst the last pair of limbs have their bases covered with spiny teeth so as to act as jaws, and are flattened and widened out towards their extremities so as to officiate as swimming-paddles. The hinder extremity of the body is composed of thirteen rings, which have no legs attached to them; and the last segment of the tail is either a flattened plate or a Page 125 narrow, sword-shaped spine. Fragments of the skeleton are easily recognised by the peculiar scale-like markings with
Fig. 65.—Pterygotus Anglicus, viewed from the under side, reduced in size, and restored. c c, The feelers (antennæ), terminating in nipping-claws; o o, Eyes; m m, Three pairs of jointed limbs, with pointed extremities; n n, Swimming-paddles, the bases of which are spiny and act as jaws. Upper Silurian, Lanarkshire. (After Henry Woodward.) which the surface is adorned, and which look not at all unlike the scales of a fish. The most famous locality for these great Crustaceans is Lesmahagow, in Lanarkshire, where many different species have been found. The true King-crabs (Limuli) of existing seas also appear to have been represented by at least one form (Neolimulus) in the Upper Silurian.
Coming to the Mollusca, we note the occurrence of the same great groups as in the Lower Silurian. Amongst the Sea-mosses (Polyzoa), we have the ancient Lace-corals (Fenestella and Retepora), with the nearly-allied Glauconome, and species of Ptilodictya (fig. 66); whilst many forms often referred here may probably have to be transferred to the Corals, just as some so-called Corals will ultimately be removed to the present group.
The Brachiopods continued to flourish during the Upper Silurian Period in immense numbers and under a greatly increased variety of forms. The three prominent Lower Silurian genera Orthis, Strophomena, and Leptœna are still well represented, though they have lost their former preeminence. Amongst the numerous types which have now come upon the scene for the first time, or which have now a special development, are Spirifera and Pentamerus. In the first of these (fig. 69. b, c), one of the valves of the shell (the dorsal) is furnished in its interior with a pair of great calcareous spires, which served for the support of the long and fringed fleshy processes or "arms" which were attached to the sides of the mouth.[16] In the genus Pentamerus (fig. 70) the Page 126 shell is curiously subdivided in its interior by calcareous plates. The Pentameri commenced their existence at the very close of the Lower Silurian (Llandovery), and
Fig. 66.—Upper Silurian Polyzoa. 1, Fan-shaped frond of Rhinopora verrucosa; 1a, Portion of the surface of the same, enlarged; 2 and 2a, Phœnopora ensiformis, of the natural size and enlarged; 3 and 3a, Helopora fragilis, of the natural size and enlarged; 4 and 4a, Ptilodictya raripora, of the natural size and enlarged. The specimens are all from the Clinton Formation (May Hill Group) of Canada. (Original.) survived to the close of the Upper Silurian; but they are specially characteristic of the May Hill and Wenlock groups, both in Britain and in other regions. One species, Pentamerus galeatus, is common to Sweden, Britain, and America. Amongst the remaining Upper Silurian Brachiopods are the extraordinary Page 127 Trimerellids; the old and at the same time modern Lingulœ, Discinœ, and Craniœ; together with many species of Atrypa (fig. 68, e),
Fig. 68.—Upper Silurian Brachiopods. a a', Leptocœlia plano-convexa, Clinton Group, America; b b', Rhynchonella neglecta, Clinton Group, America; c, Rhynchonella cuneata, Niagara Group, America, and Wenlock Group, Britain; d d', Orthis elelgantula, Llandeilo to Ludlow, America and Europe; e e', Atrypa hemispherica, Clinton Group, America, and Llandovery and May Hill Groups, Britain; f f', Atrypa congesta, Clinton Group, America; g g', Orthis Davidsoni, Clinton Group, America. (After Hall, Billings, and the Author.) Leptocœlia (fig. 68, a), Rhynchonella (fig. 68, b, c), Meristella (fig. 69, a, e, f), Athyris, Retzia, Chonetes, &c.
[Footnote 16: In all the Lamp-shells the mouth is provided with two long fleshy organs, which carry delicate filaments on their sides, and which are usually coiled into a spiral. These organs are known as the "arms," and it is from their presence that the name of "Brachiopoda" is derived (Gr. brachion, arm; podes, feet). In some cases the arms are merely coiled away within the shell, without any support; but in other cases they are carried upon a more or less elaborate shelly loop, often spoken of as the "carriage-spring apparatus." In the Spirifers, and in other ancient genera, this apparatus is coiled up into a complicated spiral (fig. 67). It is these "arms," with or without
Fig. 67.—Spirifera hysterica. The right-hand figure shows the interior of the dorsal valve with the calcareous spires for the support of the arms. the supporting loops or spires, which serve as one of the special characters distinguishing the Brachiopods from the true Bivalves (Lamellibranchiata).]
Fig. 69.—a a', Meristella intermedia, Niagara Group, America; b, Spirifera Niagarensis, Niagara Group, America; c c', Spirifera crispa, May Hill to Ludlow, Britain, and Niagara Group, America; d, Strophomena (Streptorhynchus) subplana, Niagara Group, America; e, Meristella naviformis, Niagara Group, America; f, Meristella cylindrica, Niagara Group, America. (After Hall, Billings, and the Author.)
The higher groups of the Mollusca are also largely represented in the Upper Silurian. Apart from some singular types, Page 128 such as the huge and thick-shelled Megalomi of the American Wenlock formation, the Bivalves (Lamellibranchiata) present little of
Fig. 70.—Pentamerus Knightii. Wenlock and Ludlow. The right-hand figure shows the internal partitions of the shell. special interest; for though sufficiently numerous, they are rarely well preserved, and their true affinities are often uncertain. Amongst the most characteristic genera of this period may be mentioned Cardiola (fig. 71, A and C) and Pterinea
Fig. 71.—Upper Silurian Bivalves. A, Cardiola interrupta, Wenlock and Ludlow; B, Pterinea subfalcata, Wenlock; C, Cardiola fibrosa, Ludlow. (After Salter and M'Coy.) (fig. 71, B), though the latter survives to a much later date. The Univalves (Gasteropoda) are very numerous, and a few characteristic forms are here figured (fig. 72). Of these, no genus is perhaps more characteristic than Euomphalus (fig. 72, b), with its flat discoidal shell, coiled up into an oblique spiral, and deeply hollowed out on one side; but examples of this group are both of older and of more modern date. Another very extensive genus, especially in America, is Platyceras (fig. 72, a and f), with its thin fragile shell—often hardly coiled up at all—its minute spire, and its widely-expanded, often sinuated mouth. The British Acroculiœ should probably be placed here, and the group has with reason been regarded as allied to the Violet-snails (Ianthina) of the open Atlantic. The Page 129 species of Platyostoma (fig. 72, h) also belong to the same family; and the entire group is continued throughout the Devonian into the Carboniferous. Amongst other well-known Upper Silurian Gasteropods are species of the genera Holopea (fig. 72, g), Holopella (fig. 72. e),
Fig. 72.—Upper Silurian Gasteropods. a, Platyceras ventricosum, Lower Helderberg, America; b, Euomphalus discors, Wenlock, Britain; c, Holopella obsoleta Ludlow, Britain; d, Platyschisma helicites, Upper Ludlow, Britain; e, Holopella gracilior, Wenlock, Britain; f, Platyceras multisinuatum, Lower Helderberg, America; g, Holopea subconica, Lower Helderberg, America; h, h', Platyostoma Niagarense, Niagara Group, America. (After Hall, M'Coy, and Salter.) Platyschisma (fig. 72, d), Cyclonema, Pleurotomaria, Murchisonia, Trochonema, &c. The oceanic
Fig. 73.—Tentaculites ornatus. Upper Silurian of Europe and North America. Univalves (Heteropods) are represented mainly by species of Bellerophon; and the Winged Snails, or Pteropods, can still boast of the gigantic Thecœ and Conulariœ, which characterise yet older deposits. The commonest genus of Pteropoda, however, is Tentaculites (fig. 73), which clearly belongs here, though it has commonly been regarded as the tube of an Annelide. The shell in this group is a conical tube, usually adorned with prominent transverse rings, and often with finer transverse or longitudinal striæ as well; and many beds of the Upper Silurian exhibit myriads of such tubes scattered promiscuously over their surfaces.
Page 130 The last and highest group of the Mollusca—that of the Cephalopoda—is still represented only by Tetrabranchiate forms; but the abundance and variety of these is almost beyond belief. Many hundreds of different species are known, chiefly belonging to the straight Orthoceratites, but the slightly-curved Cyrtoceras is only little less common. There are also numerous forms of the genera Phragmoceras, Ascoceras, Gyroteras, Lituites, and Nautilus. Here, also, are the first-known species of the genus Goniatites—a group which attains considerable importance in later deposits, and which is to be regarded as the precursor of the Ammonites of the Secondary period.
Finally, we find ourselves for the first time called upon to consider the remains of undoubted vertebrate animals, in the
Fig. 74.—Head-shield of Pteraspis Banksii, Ludlow rocks. (After Murchison.) form of Fishes. The oldest of these remains, so far as yet known, are found in the Lower Ludlow rocks, and they consist of the bony head-shields or bucklers of certain singular armoured fishes belonging to the group of the Ganoids, represented at the present day by the Sturgeons, the Gar-pikes of North America, and a few other less familiar forms. The principal Upper Silurian genus of these is Pteraspis, and the annexed illustration (fig. 74) will give some idea of the extraordinary form of the shield covering the head in these ancient fishes. The remarkable stratum near the top of the Ludlow formation known as the "bone-bed" has also yielded the remains of shark-like fishes. Some of these, for which the name of Onchus has been proposed, are in the form of compressed, slightly-curved spines (fig. 75, A), which would appear to be of the nature of the strong defensive spines implanted in front of certain of the fins in many living fishes. Besides these, have been found fragments of prickly skin
Fig. 75.—A, Spine of Onchus tenuistriatus; B, Shagreen-scales of Thelodus. Both from the "bone-bed" of the Upper Ludlow rocks. (After Murchison.) or shagreen (Sphagodus), along with minute cushion-shaped bodies (Thelodus, fig. 75, B), which Page 131 are doubtless the bony scales of some fish resembling the modern Dog-fishes. As the above mentioned remains belong to two distinct, and at the same time highly-organised, groups of the fishes, it is hardly likely that we are really presented here with the first examples of this great class. On the contrary, whether the so-called "Conodonts" should prove to be the teeth of fishes or not, we are justified in expecting that unequivocal remains of this group of animals will still be found in the Lower Silurian. It is interesting, also, to note that the first appearance of fishes—the lowest class of vertebrate animals—so far as known to us at present, does not take place until after all the great sub-kingdoms of invertebrates have been long in existence; and there is no reason for thinking that future discoveries will materially affect the relative order of succession thus indicated.
From the vast and daily-increasing mass of Silurian literature, it is impossible to do more than select a small number of works which have a classical and historical interest to the English-speaking geologist, or which embody researches on special groups of Silurian animals—anything like an enumeration of all the works and papers on this subject being wholly out of the question. Apart, therefore, from numerous and in many cases extremely important memoirs, by various well-known observers, both at home and abroad, the following are some of the more weighty works to which the student may refer in investigating the physical characters and succession of the Silurian strata and their fossil contents:—
(1) 'Siluria.' Sir Roderick Murchison.
(2) 'Geology of Russia in Europe.' Murchison (with M. de Verneuil and Count von Keyserling).
(3) 'Bassin Silurien de Bohême Centrale.' Barrande.
(4) 'Introduction to the Catalogue of British Palæozoic Fossils in the Woodwardian Museum of Cambridge.' Sedgwick.
(5) 'Die Urwelt Russlands.' Eichwald.
(6) 'Report on the Geology of Londonderry, Tyrone,' &c. Portlock.
(7) "Geology of North Wales"—'Mem. Geol. Survey of Great Britain,' vol. iii. Ramsay.
(8) 'Geology of Canada,' 1863. Sir W. E. Logan; and the 'Reports of Progress of the Geological Survey' since 1863.
(9) 'Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.'
(10) 'Reports of the Geological Surveys of the States of New York, Illinois, Ohio, Iowa, Michigan, Vermont, Wisconsin, Minnesota,' &c. By Emmons, Hall, Worthen, Meek, Newberry, Orton, Winchell, Dale Owen, &c.
(11) 'Thesaurus Siluricus.' Bigsby.
(12) 'British Palæozoic Fossils.' M'Coy.
(13) 'Synopsis of the Silurian Fossils of Ireland,' M'Coy.
(14) "Appendix to the Geology of North Wales"—'Mem. Geol. Survey,' vol. iii. Salter.
Page 132 (15) 'Catalogue of the Cambrian and Silurian Fossils in the Woodwardian Museum of Cambridge.' Salter.
(16) 'Characteristic British Fossils.' Baily.
(17) 'Catalogue of British Fossils.' Morris.
(18) 'Palæozoic Fossils of Canada.' Billings.
(19) 'Decades of the Geological Survey of Canada.' Billings, Salter, Rupert Jones.
(20) 'Decades of the Geological Survey of Great Britain.' Salter, Edward, Forbes.
(21) 'Palæontology of New York,' vols. i.-iii. Hall.
(22) 'Palæontology of Illinois.' Meek and Worthen.
(23) 'Palæontology of Ohio.' Meek, Hall, Whitfield, Nicholson.
(24) 'Silurian Fauna of West Tennessee' (Silurische Fauna des Westlichen Tennessee). Ferdinand Rœmer.
(25) 'Reports on the State Cabinet of New York.' Hall.
(26) 'Lethæa Geognostica.' Bronn.
(27) 'Index Palæontologicus.' Bronn.
(28) 'Lethæa Rossica.' Eichwald.
(29) 'Lethæa Suecica.' Hisinger.
(30) 'Palæontologica Suecica.' Angelin.
(31) 'Petrefacta Germaniæ.' Goldfuss.
(32) 'Versteinerungen der Grauwacken-Formation in Sachsen.' Geinitz.
(33) 'Organisation of Trilobites' (Ray Society). Burmeister.
(34) 'Monograph of the British Trilobites' (Palæontographical Society). Salter.
(35) 'Monograph of the British Merostomata' (Palæontographical Society). Henry Woodward.
(36) 'Monograph of British Brachiopoda' (Palæontographical Society). Thomas Davidson.
(37) 'Graptolites of the Quebec Group.' James Hall.
(38) 'Monograph of the British Graptolitidæ.' Nicholson.
(39) 'Monographs on the Trilobites. Pteropods, Cephalopods, Graptolites,' &c. Extracted from the 'Système Silurien du Centre de la Bohême.' Barrande.
(40) 'Polypiers Fossiles des Terrains Paleozoiques,' and 'Monograph of the British Corals' (Palæontographical Society). Milne Edwards and Jules Haime.
All contents of www.AgeOfDinosaurs.com are Copyrighted


text:
Barbara Joe Ellison Collection
The Barbara Joe Jones Ellison Collection houses the personal paper of Barbara Joe Ellsion. This collection, which dates from 1974 to 2007, contains a Houston Police Department yearbook, funeral program, and newsletter. This small colelction give a glimple into the life of black women in the police field.
Permission to publish or reproduce materials from the Barbara Joe Jones Ellison Collection must be obtained from the African American Library at the Gregory School or the appropriate copyright holder.
Barbara Joe Jones Ellison was the second African American women police officer of the Houston Police Department. She was born April 14, 1937, to James Elige Jones and Catherine A. Gibson Jones in Freestone County, Texas. She attended schools in Freestone County and graduated in 1953 from Dogan High School of Fairfield, Texas. She went on to Texas Southern University and received a Bachelors Degree in Education in 1957.
Her first job upon graduation was Payroll Administrator at TSU. In 1959, she enrolled in the Houston Police Academy. She graduated from Class # 22 and held the distinction of being the second African American female police officer to serve the city of Houston. In a career that spanned 31 years and 4 mayoral administrations, Barbara worked in the Juvenile Division of the Houston Police Department. She was also a charter member of the Afro American Police Officers League, founded in 1975. She retired from the Houston Police Department after a long and distinguished career in June, 1991. In retirement, she stayed active and kept in touch with colleagues and actively participated in the Retired Police Officers Association until her death on November 17, 2007. She is survived by a daughter, one sister, and a host of friends and relatives.
.25 Linear Feet (1)
Donated by: Stephanie Emmers, January 2010
Processed by: Vince Lee, April 2010
African American Intellectuals Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
African American businesspeople Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
Elections -- Texas -- Houston Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
Barbara Joe Ellison. MSS0018. African American Library at the Gregory School, Houston Public Library
Barbara Joe Ellison. MSS0018. African American Library at the Gregory School, Houston Public Library https://hplarchives.lyrasistechnology.org/repositories/3/resources/306 Accessed January 31, 2023.


text:
Home » DeJaVu: Active Shooter at Fort Hood
DeJaVu: Active Shooter at Fort Hood
Posted on April 2, 2014 April 2, 2014 by admin | No Comments
Source: Active shooter at Fort Hood
Thanks to our webmaster Todd Bentley for bringing this case to us….
Considering how many at Fort Hood were medicated after the last mass shooting there which was done by an Army psychiatrist I would wonder if it might be someone who was medicated to cope with that shooting who is going off the deep end now. But considering how quick the military is to medicate with antidepressants for almost any reason, it could be military personnel. If anyone hears anything would you please share?
Remember that elevated serotonin (exactly what antidepressants are designed to do) has long been known to be associated with violent crimes, be it murder, suicide, rapes, arson, etc. http://www.drugawareness.org/fda-testimony/dr-ann-blake-tracys-september-13-2004-to-the-fda
See the breaking news below….
Here is the press release stating clearly he was on antidepressants – SSRIs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCvvg2M8ZH8&feature=youtu.be
When will they learn that you CANNOT prescribe so many drugs together?! Most especially they should not be giving someone two or more drugs that produce the deadly sleepwalk disorder of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder such as Ambien and an antidepressant.
Lopez was undergoing a variety of treatment for psychiatric issues, ranging from depression to anxiety to sleep disturbances. He said Lopez was taking "a number of drugs," including Ambien, for these conditions, and that he had seen a psychiatrist just last month. McHugh said there were no indications during that examination that Lopez showed any "sign of likely violence."
Milley said Wednesday that Lopez had been undergoing an assessment to determine whether he had post-traumatic stress disorder.
http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/04/03/ft-hood-shooting-that-left-four-dead-was-reportedly-soldier-on-soldier-incident/
More info on shooter:
The initial report is below. The following is the latest report indicating he was being treated for "depression and anxiety" with a traumatic brain injury on top of that.
"The gunman had served four months in Iraq in 2011 and was currently under diagnosis for post traumatic stress disorder, but had not been officially diagnosed with PTSD, Milley said. He added the shooter was undergoing behavioral health care for depression and anxiety, had a self-reported traumatic brain injury and was not physically injured in combat."
http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Active-Shooter-Reported-at-Fort-Hood-253636461.html
Additional info on shooter Ivan Lopez:
"Milley added that the suspect had not been stationed at Fort Hood long, arriving on post less than two months ago. "He recently arrived at Fort Hood in February from another installation and we're checking with the other instillation to determine the background of the soldier," Milley told reporters.
"Ivan Lopez served one tour, four months, in Iraq back in 2011. When he returned, he diagnosed himself with a traumatic brain injury. At the time of the shooting, he was being treated for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, but had not officially been diagnosed. Milley said the suspect was undergoing the diagnosis process for PTSD and, in the meantime, was receiving specific treatment for behavior, health and psychiatric issues."
http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2014/04/02/i-team-uncovers-background-on-suspected-fort-hood-shooter/
Initial report:
Posted on: 3:54 pm, April 2, 2014, by CNN Wire, updated on: 04:25pm, April 2, 2014
UPDATE via KCEN in Texas: Fort Hood, TX (KCEN) — We have reports of an active shooter on Fort Hood.
We have reports that there are several injuries from this shooting. There is at least one patient being transported to the hospital.
We are also getting reports of victims in the Battle Simulation Center on 65th and Warehouse.
The suspect is still at large. The shooter was said to be in building 33026 which is the Medical Brigade Building.
Fort Hood has been put on lockdown.
These are all preliminary reports.
CNN Wire story continues below:
By CNN Staff
(CNN) — There is an active shooter at the sprawling central Texas base of Fort Hood, a source at Fort Hood told CNN on Wednesday.
The situation is serious and sirens are going off, said the source, who spoke on the condition of anonymity.
A spokesman for the base said an "incident" was under way but declined for provide additional information.
Fort Hood's official Twitter feed asked that all personnel on post shelter in place.
A local sheriff's office said that it had heard there was a shooting.
"They got some kind of shooting incident going on. They haven't told us anything. It was on post and being handled by the military. Fort Hood has not asked for any assistance," said Lt. Donnie Adams with the Bell County Sheriff's Office.
On November 5, 2009, Army Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan opened fire at Fort Hood, killing 13 people and injuring 32.
The former Army psychiatrist was convicted of premeditated murder, and a military jury recommended that Hasan be put to death.
CNN's Barbara Starr, Carma Hassan and Devon Sayers contributed to this report.
KCEN reporter Nikki Laurenzo began tweeting updates regarding the incident:
www.drugawareness.org & http://ssristories.drugawareness.org
WITHDRAWAL HELP: You can find the hour and a half long CD on safe and effective withdrawal helps here: http://store.drugawareness.org/ And if you need additional consultations with Ann Blake-Tracy, you can book one at www.drugawareness.org or sign up for one of the memberships for the International Coalition for Drug Awareness which includes free consultations as one of the benefits of that particular membership plan.
The FDA also now warns that any abrupt change in dose of an antidepressant can produce suicide, hostility or psychosis. These reactions can either come on very rapidly or even be delayed for months depending upon the adverse effects upon sleep patterns when the withdrawal is rapid!
Posted in Murders / Murder Attempts, Recent Cases Blog and tagged Antidepressant, Army, Arson, Fort Hood shooting, murder, Psychiatrist, rape, serotonin, SUICIDE.
View posts by admin
← OBAMACARE: CAN YOU NAME THIS…
Diagnosed With Schizophrenia at 17,… →