They sent out a missionary by the name of Dennis. Male power lies in authority and brute force. The mother, on the other hand, is where the child goes when the father hurts their feelings. Okonkwo works to build his wealth entirely on his own, as Unoka died a shameful death and left many unpaid debts. Okonkwo's harshness drives away from the family and into the arms of the new religion. Locusts Achebe depicts the locusts that descend upon the village in highly allegorical terms that prefigure the arrival of the white settlers, who will feast on and exploit the resources of the Igbo. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1942.
GradeSaver, 3 March 2000 Web. Edited with an introduction by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. In demonstrating the imaginative, often formal language of the Igbo, Achebe emphasizes that Africa is not the silent or incomprehensible continent that books such as Heart of Darkness made it out to be. Was Igbo society more receptive and adaptable than it appeared to be? When Agbala wants to talk, you talk or are struck down. In 1987, the book was made into a very successful miniseries directed by David Orere and broadcast on Nigerian television by the. Overall, fear in this novel leads characters to behave in negative ways that can bring the wrath of the gods, guilt, and the community disapproval upon them. This European influence, however, threatens to extinguish the need for the mastery of traditional methods of farming, harvesting, building, and cooking.
His fear of weakness leads him to be emotionally distant from his children, beat his wives, kill Ikemefuna whom he loved, and the Commissioners messenger. The violence in the end is the result of colonial adventures which were doomed to violence from the outset. The events of the novel unfold in the 1890s. The arrival of a new culture only hastens Okonkwo's tragic fate. Norton and Company Inc, 1967. Similarly, when people of the tribe approach and speak to Okonkwo, they use a similar tone.
Achebe makes it clear that these actions are not acceptable within the community. When the white missionaries came to colonize the Ibo tribe, many believed that they would not stay long. The Igbo ancestors also take on a divine nature to some extent. To support this theme, he includes detailed descriptions of the justice codes and the trial process, the social and family rituals, the marriage customs, food production and preparation processes, the process of shared leadership for the community, religious beliefs and practices, and the opportunities for virtually every man to climb the clan's ladder of success through his own efforts. His parents were Janet N. When the Earth goddess plans a drought, the crops are destroyed. They live in the same kind of home, there are multiple wives just the same as other families, the man has his own hut and each wife along with her children have there own huts.
In addition, the Ibo people fail to recognize him as a leader. Ezinma often contradicts and challenges her father, which wins his adoration, affection, and respect. Another thing is how their daughter is thought to be a cursed child that keeps dying and being reborn. The… 842 Words 4 Pages Missionaries Are to Blame in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart The burden and calling to reach out and help others, enfold many people in society throughout the world. The tension about whether change should be privileged over tradition often involves questions of personal status.
Unfortunately for the Ibo society, imperialism was forced upon them. However, women dominate the private sphere. Once under the influence of the advanced Europeans, the natives of these backward lands began suffering in the clutches of imperialism which undoubtedly brought some economic growth and a religion which enchanted its occupied areas but it also treated the real owners of the land recklessly. Western religion breaks order in the Umuofia society by taking in outcasts and clan members without title and giving them power. Religion represents order in both societies, but they manifest differently. Women were given virtually no rights and their only purpose was to give birth, cook, and clean.
Post- colonial Africa is still trying to recover, by trying to adapt a mindset of what it truly means to be an African. To support this theme, he includes detailed descriptions of the justice codes and the trial process, the social and family rituals, the marriage customs, food production and preparation processes, the process of shared leadership for the community, religious beliefs and practices, and the opportunities for virtually every man to climb the clan's ladder of success through his own efforts. In a similar way, woman display emotions which supposedly diminishes their strength. In 1999, the American hip-hop band released their fourth studio album as a tribute to Chinua Achebe's novel. As Chinua Achebe points out in his book, Things Fall Apart, though there is the aspiration to lend a hand, it can sometimes become deadly, and even fatal to the lives of people. As a result, he often beats his wives and children, and is unkind to his neighbours.
A significant speech barrier occurred between the Christian Missionaires. Published in 1958, its story chronicles pre-colonial life in the south-eastern part of Nigeria and the. This theme is also played at the individual and societal levels. He faults them for their preference of negotiation, compliance, and avoidance over anger and bloodshed. In addition to the three themes discussed in this essay, the thoughtful reader will probably be able to identify other themes in the novel: for example, the universality of human motives and emotions across cultures and time, and the need for balance between individual needs and community needs. The book may have been written more simply as a study of Okonkwo's deterioration in character in an increasingly unsympathetic and incompatible environment, but consider what would have been lost had Achebe not emphasized the theme of the complex and dynamic qualities of the Igbo in Umuofia.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977. This title is significant to the many themes that are explored throughout the story. A factor that hastens the decline of the traditional Igbo society is their custom of marginalizing some of their people — allowing the existence of an outcast group and keeping women subservient in their household and community involvement, treating them as property, and accepting physical abuse of them somewhat lightly. . Through his inclusion of proverbs, folktales, and songs translated from the Igbo language, Achebe managed to capture and convey the rhythms, structures, cadences, and beauty of the Igbo language. There must always be a balance between feminine and Additionally, the theme of religion is one prominently discussed within the novel. In their new community, these converts enjoy a more elevated status.
Family is important in every culture, it shapes people and makes them who they are. In fact, the time of crossroads of culture that came as a result of the colonizing forces in Nigeria created parallels can be made between the historical attempts against the Igbo religion and the similar fictional attacks in Things Fall Apart. Was Igbo society more receptive and adaptable than it appeared to be? Where as the white man's traditions and view of time were much more linear. Now get out before I beat you. By helping our students understand the fundamentals and Advance concepts of Java, we prepare them for a successful programming career. Their role is to raise the family, clean the home, cook, etc. Okonkwo returns only to find his tribe overrun by the English.


This guide shows tips on tree planting and care. Best practices for tree planting and care evolve over time as more is learned through research.
The best time to plant a tree is during the dormant season in the fall after leaf drop but before winter or in early spring before bud break. While trees can be planted in the summer, they require more irrigation and their energy goes into new top growth at the expense of establishing roots.
Consider the site. If planting a street tree, select one from the Alamosa Tree Board Recommended list . Make sure there is room for tree to reach adult size.
The Community Tree Alliance recommends using smaller trees for earlier establishment, lower maintenance of the tree over time, and to minimize investment risk.
Decide how deep to plant the tree. A common mistake is to plant the tree too deeply. Most of the important fine absorbing roots will develop in the upper 12 inches of the soil. Trees should be planted so that the top of the root ball is 1-2" above the surrounding grade. This helps tree roots get the oxygen that is essential to plant growth.
If the tree is burlapped or in a container, measure the height and width and dig the hole to a depth slightly less than the height of the root ball, but two to three times as wide.
If the tree is bare root stock, dig a hole wide enough to spread out the roots, but just deep enough to cover the roots.
Lift or move the tree by the root ball, not the trunk, to avoid damage to the tree.
Before backfilling the hole, make sure the tree is straight.
Burlapped trees: If there is a wire basket remove the top tiers by cutting away to allow roots to spread. Remove any string around the trunk or stem.
Container trees: Carefully remove tree from container if possible. If not, cut container away. Gently loosen any spiraling or circling roots.
Bare root stock: Carefully spread out the roots. Typically, no more than two inches of soil should be placed on top of the roots.
Girdling roots (those that grow in a circle around the inside of a container) are a major reason trees die within eight years of planting. Once they've started growing in a circular manner, they continue to do so eventually choking the tree to death. Disrupt the circling roots by making several vertical cuts on the outside of the root ball or by loosening the outside roots with your hands.
I dug it up. It literally choked to death.
Backfill the hole with the native soil unless the soil is undesirable. Gently push soil around the roots and water to eliminate air pockets. Do not pack the soil after you water.
Thoroughly water newly planted tree.
Generally, fertilizing newly planted trees is not recommended. It takes energy for a tree to absorb the fertilizer and the energy is better used for establishing new roots.
Protect the newly planted tree from damage by such threats as deer and lawnmowers. Many people in Alamosa are now surrounding tree trunks with chicken wire or some other material that prevents deer from grazing on the trunk and damage from lawnmowers or trimmers.
Staking: Generally, stacking is not required. However, it may be necessary in very windy locations.
Soil amendments/fertilizer: As trees mature, consider the tree's need for nutrients. Fertilizing a tree can improve growth; however, if fertilizer is not applied wisely, it may not benefit the tree at all and may even adversely affect the tree. Mature trees making satisfactory growth may not require fertilization.
Mulch: Maintain mulch layer of 2-4 inches.


POET Biorefining – Marion has played a role in the transformation of a once-proud Ohio manufacturing powerhouse to a more diversified economy.
For a city of its size, Marion, Ohio (population 35,841) has an impressive history of notable people: everything from a U.S. president, to major league baseball and football players, a Miss America, an Olympian, famous musicians, and more.
That storied history also includes an economy that's been anchored in the area's rich agricultural and heavy equipment manufacturing. Products from the Marion Steam Shovel Company dug the Panama Canal, while later (then known as Marion Power Shovel) it produced the crawler-transporters that moved Saturn V rockets to the launch pad for NASA's Apollo program.
But the 1970s began an extended downhill slide for the community. Marion lost much of its manufacturing base.
One piece of Marion's economic revival puzzle fell into place in 2008. POET was expanding its operations into the eastern Corn Belt and in that year brought two new plants online in northeast Indiana and three more in northwest Ohio. The Marion biorefinery was the Buckeye State's third POET plant, commencing operations in October of 2008. It followed sister POET plants that came online at Leipsic, Ohio in January, and Fostoria in September.
As timing would have it, the end of 2008 was a tough time for new plants to be entering the ethanol industry. A crumbling world economy, $6 to $7 corn, and a surplus of ethanol resulted in a number of ethanol's major and minor players falling by the wayside. But with POET's established knowledge and experience base, all of the new plants survived and ultimately became important members of the POET family.
Today, POET Biorefining – Marion (which is POET's easternmost plant, as well as its last constructed) annually produces over 68 million gallons of ethanol and 178,000 tons of premium, high-quality Dakota Gold® distillers dried grains (DDGS) from 24 million bushels of locally sourced corn. It also employs 40 people in skilled, high-paying jobs, plus supporting many more spinoff jobs in the area's related industries and businesses.
Although less than four years old, the state-of-the-art plant has already made some significant upgrades, adding Total Water Recovery™ earlier this year, and in June, it became the first POET plant in Ohio to add corn oil separation. It has also established itself as a valued community partner and doer of myriad good works, including the restoration of a community park in nearby Caledonia.
Talking About Ethanol in D.C.
At the time of this writing, POET Biorefining – Marion General Manager Cliff Brannon had just returned from a business trip to Washington D.C. where the goal was to educate Midwest legislators about ethanol. Brannon was part of a Growth Energy group that included almost all POET general managers, GMs from other ethanol plants, and allied industry partners.
Once in the nation's capitol, the group broke down by state and met with senators, congressmen and their staffs. On this trip, the primary areas of focus were on looking for ways to make E15 more accessible in the marketplace and warding off attacks on the Renewable Fuel Standard. Brannon says that overall, it was a productive trip.
Brannon said one member of the group was a contractor who specialized in farm buildings and grain bins. He told the congressmen that thanks to ethanol his business had never been better, which helped the congressmen better understand that the benefits of ethanol extend well beyond biorefining.
Brannon said Growth Energy coordinates trips to Washington about twice a year, and the effort is very worthwhile.
POET Biorefining – Marion Commodity Supervisor Scott Iles has been with the plant from the beginning. Actually, before the beginning.
Iles remembers that in the early days, ethanol was still new to Ohioans, and there was some apprehension about the coming of a new plant.
After construction was complete, Iles transferred from POET Design and Construction to full-time plant staff. Four years after accepting his new challenge, Iles feels good about his decision.


An Ulster Unionist member of the Belfast Policing Board, Basil McCrea, commented on the explosion, saying: "It's obviously people trying to make a statement about the transfer of policing and justice powers. We are going to have to expect more of this over the next period of time [...] There will be people who will try to disrupt the process," as quoted by the BBC.
He commented that he believed the incident was a "one-off" occurrence, and said he tried to reassure concerned locals in the area.


Silvia Picchetti practices mainly in dispute resolution — as well as corporate and commercial law — in the Firm's Milan office. She is a regular speaker at seminars and conferences on a wide range of topics relating to litigation. Ms. Picchetti has served as a partner of Baker McKenzie since 1998.
Ms. Picchetti works primarily on arbitration and alternative dispute resolution, as well as litigation matters, risk management and class actions. She has significant experience in handling complex contract disputes, torts, manufacturing, licensing and distributor disputes. Ms. Picchetti is also a seasoned litigator, having represented Italian and multinational companies in various international arbitration proceedings and corporate litigation.
Represented domestic and foreign-based multinational organizations engaged in such diverse industries as steel, automotive products, computers, consumer electronics, medical products and devices, logistics and construction.


91 best open source drupal projects.
The code below will give you access to the baseline of features for communicating to a Drupal site. It is important to note that waterwheel makes heavy uses of Closures, which allows us to pass functions as returns, or store them in variables.
Drupal Commerce is the leading flexible eCommerce solution for Drupal, powering over 60,000 online stores of all sizes. Please report bugs in the issue queue.
Drupal Essentials is a repackaged version of Drupal that includes some popular modules. It is written in PHP, an object-oriented programing language. You will no longer have to add those modules yourself.
Reservoir is a back end for your front end: a content repository. Uses JSON API and OAuth2. The tour starts automatically after installing Reservoir. Afterwards, you can take the tour again by clicking the "Tour" button in the top right corner.
IMPORTANT: Is provided only for educational or information purposes. CVE-2018-7600 / SA-CORE-2018-002 Drupal before 7.58, 8.x before 8.3.9, 8.4.x before 8.4.6, and 8.5.x before 8.5.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code because of an issue affecting multiple subsystems with default or common module configurations.
This generator has been changed to just call the generator-drupal-theme, and nothing more. It can still be used, but please file any issues on that repo. Basically, he wears a top hat, lives in your computer, and waits for you to tell him what kind of application you wish to create.
Define and expose self-contained UI patterns as Drupal plugins and use them seamlessly as drop-in templates for panels, field groups, views, Display Suite view modes and field templates. The UI Patterns module also integrates with with tools like PatternLab or modules like Component Libraries thanks to definition overrides.
generator-gadget - The Yeoman Generator for Drupal and Grunt Drupal Tasks.
Yeoman generator to scaffold a Drupal project for use with grunt-drupal-tasks. Gadget will set up a Drupal project with the site skeleton and tools to build your project and configure your build system with the Grunt Drupal Tasks kit.
Yeoman generator that weaves together Outrigger with other best-in-class tools for your Drupal project. The Outrigger Cloud sub-generator is still tied to Phase2's internal Docker hosting solution. The next version will be more open.


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An interesting comparison of 1938 and 2016 aerials illustrating the impact of time and the construction of expressways through various sections of Tampa.
Gandy Boulevard On November 20, 1924, George Shepard "Dad" Gandy, Sr. completed the Gandy Bridge, reducing the distance between Tampa and St. Petersburg from 43 to 19 miles. At the time, it was believed to be the world's longest automobile toll bridge. In 1938, a year before MacDill Air Force Base was established, there was not much to see on Gandy Boulevard, outside of Henry B. Plant's railroad line serving Port Tampa. In 1976, the railroad's crossing at Gandy Boulevad became the southern terminus of the Crosstown Expressway (now Lee Roy Selmon Expressway).
CSX Uceta and Yeoman Yards Prior to their 1967 merger, the Atlantic Coast Line (ACL) and Seaboard Air Line (SAL) railroads operated railyards near Orient Park. On the north, the ACL's Uceta Yard was established to serve as the railroad's primary classification yard for Central Florida and included a locomotive repair complex. The SAL operated the Yeoman Yard, as its primary classification yard for the area, just south of Uceta. After the 1967 Seaboard Coast Line (SCL) merger, the facilities were gradually downgraded to storage yards and an intermodal facility. Today, they are owned and operated by CSX.
Ybor City Ybor City was established as an independent cigar manufacturing town in 1885 by a group of cigar factory owners led by Vicente Martinez-Ybor. In 1983, an extension of the Crosstown Expressway between downtown and Brandon severed the district from the Ybor Channel. In 2006, elevated reversible lanes were added in the center of the expressway (now Lee Roy Selmon Expressway).
Westshore Business District In 1938, what would become the path of State Road 60 and the main entrance to Tampa International Airport was nothing more than a country two-lane road. Today, it's a major thoroughfare through the Westshore Business District that connects the Veterans Expressway to I-275.
Busch Gardens 20 years before the grand opening of Busch Gardens, the growth of Sulphur Springs was in the early stages of advancing north of Busch Boulevard. In 1953, the area was annexed by the City of Tampa.


text:
PLN prevails, awarded attorney fees in GA jail censorship suit
Walton Tribune (GA), Oct. 21, 2015. http://www.waltontribune.com/news/article_74053...
Legal fees paid; postcard ban OK'd
By DAVID CLEMONS
david.clemons@waltontribune.com
MONROE — The Walton County Sheriff's Office must pay the publisher of a jail newsletter more than $100,000 over a ban on certain types of inmate mail.
Prison Legal News, a project of the Human Rights Defense Center in Washington state, sued the Sheriff's Office, Sheriff Joe Chapman and Jail Commander Wade Harris over policies that kept the magazine from being sent to the Detention Center.
Federal District Judge C. Ashley Royal ruled last year that a postcard-only policy for inmate mail was legal, but said an "absolute prohibition" on inmates receiving publications through the mail violates the First Amendment.
The court also ruled a notice and appeal policy applying to postcards violated the 14th Amendment. The court on Sept. 29 awarded Prison Legal News $92,353.50 in attorneys' fees and $11,871.76 [in costs], plus interest. The Sheriff's Office has paid those fees.
In a statement Monday, Chapman said the lawsuit "has become a topic for political purposes." He said Prison Legal News is created to instruct inmates on how to sue government agencies and also advertises businesses in the sex trade.
"Prison Legal News targets certain size jails to sue, hoping that they will settle out of court," Chapman said. "I and Walton County chose not to settle."
The third-term sheriff said he didn't allow the publication in the jail because of its content but because it uses staples as binding.
"These staples are used to make weapons, they are put in the locks to jam the locking mechanism and are used to make tattoo guns, etc.," he said.
Lance Weber, general counsel for the Human Rights Defense Center, said he doesn't recall the Sheriff's Office making the staples argument in court.
"I know that other sheriffs have done that and we've had a couple of cases, yet they will staple commissary receipts to the bag when they deliver food, and they let in other magazines with staples," Weber said in a telephone interview Tuesday.
He said testimony showed a sheriff's deputy was going to Walmart once a month "to pick out the magazines they (the inmates) were going to read.
"It was pretty shocking, the lengths to which they went to protect their illegal policy."
Weber said PLN learned of Walton County's policy when a state inmate was transferred to the county jail to await a court date. He changed the address on his subscription, but the first issue after his transfer was returned to sender. Chapman noted the "postcard-only policy" was upheld, but that Prison Legal News must be allowed, and the Sheriff's Office could hire someone to remove the staples before the magazine gets to inmates.
Chapman said existing staff is used to do just that.
The sheriff said Prison Legal News sued for $240,000 and won $104,000 in attorney's fees.
"This lawsuit was filed in 2012. It wasn't news three years ago but suddenly it has become an issue for the purpose of political gain," Chapman said. "This is an attempt to bring down my department and me."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I ended up at this wedding by sheer accident!! A friend called me one Saturday evening and asked me to come and help out… the photographer working the wedding suddenly fell ill, but they didn't dare tell the bride, since she would have been devastated. And I came to the rescue. The day was coming to an end and the celebration was at its peak. I had arrived at the most exciting part: champagne was flowing in rivers and the guests were dancing. All I had to do was capture these magnificent moments on camera. The following morning I sent the bride a few of these exquisite photos. It was crazy. All her friends and guests were discussing the previous night all day on her Facebook page. Hundreds of hearts and comments filled her page until the very evening. Yet another wedding in the Dominican Republic had ended with pleasant smiles, congratulations and words of gratitude. This must have been what attracted us all these years ago into this most interesting profession.


Deliver all of this at the best value.
Basics; Competencies, Numbers, Principles. Through your Strategic Business Planning process you will have determined the numbers, skills and future requirements. This coupled with your Corporate Vision, Mission and Values will provide sufficient information to move forward.
Utilization of outside resources – Staffing firms, recruiting firms, consultants, etc.
A portion of every employee's role; campus visits, tour guides, interviewing, etc.
All of these decisions are critical and most will have already been made when you started to develop your Talent Management Process (See Blog #1).
Getting Started As we reviewed in the Workforce Planning blog, the steps are easy, the decisions are not.
Now that you have hired the best employee you need to develop and train them quickly and efficiently. The next blog will discuss how organizations optimize employee contributions through Training and Development. Click on the following link to complete this simple HR Self-assessment. The free self-assessment takes only a few minutes and your results will be sent to you immediately along with information on how your company stacks up against benchmarked best practices. You can read the rest of our series on Talent Management here.
About the author: Bruce Dougan is the head of Group50's Organization Design and Development Practice. Bruce and the Group50 team are all former executives with well-known manufacturing and distribution companies who understand what it takes to design, train, develop and motivate organizations to successfully implement a company's strategic plan.
Group50 Exit Planning Consultants has designed a series of strategic assessments, workshops and strategic execution tools that optimize your organization. You can reach us at (909) 949-9083 or send a note to info@group50.com.


Despite warnings of complacency Santos self destructed in the first ten minutes on Saturday to put an end to their great run of results.
The old adage about not changing a winning side was never more apparent as Santos had to make four enforced late changes to the side that had gone unbeaten lately.
Worse still was that two of the changes were up front when McCarthy, then Cabril withdrew late, leaving Paul Brady as the only recognised striker.
This was to have a telling influence on the result because Paul Brady ran himself into the ground and scored a blistering goal but the lack of proper support saw Santos struggle against a nine-man back line.
Early on Santos were caught cold. Slovenly, slack work at the back allowed White City easy possession and the speculative shot was amazingly spilled by young Archer straight to a grateful White City striker and Santos were knocked back.
Five minutes later the usually ultra reliable Aidan Hughes failed to deal with a routine punt and Mackie for White City was left all alone to tap home.
Despite the setback Santos outplayed the Dungannon men with bewitching football. As Paul Brady was put in the City keeper amazingly came outside his box to push the ball away but the incident was missed by the official which could have caused City to lose their keeper who was to subsequently emerge as man of the match. Muldoon then missed from close range while Brady hit a post.
Clarke headed powerfully only for the White City keeper to pull off a courageous save as Santos failed to make the necessary breakthrough.
The second half continued as the first had ended with Santos almost completely dominant with McGeehan unstoppable in the Santos engine room.
Brady hit a post, then the bar and saw two stupendous efforts saved but was starved of genuine support.
Time and again Santos got behind the defence but the final ball was so poor that White City gained inspiration to hold out. Hughes was now thrust forward in a series of Santos changes and Rob Clarke and McNulty bombed forward.
Then McGeehan produced a flash of genius to set Brady up and the lethal front man lashed home from 20 yards with eight minutes on the clock.
Now the self destruct mechanism kicked in again.
A rash throw in back across the Santos defence by Clarke was hurriedly booted away by keeper Archer straight to the only City player in the Santos half and with Santos committed forward he walked the ball home in White City's only attack of the half.
The game then petered out and Santos' title challenge may too have petered out.
Manager McGeehan refused to be downbeat.
"We played superb football again. We were patient, constructive and committed but we were missing vital players, especially the two front players.
Santos visit Aghalee this week hoping to get back on track and hoping for a favour from others against the league's top two.


Exquisite mountain retreat in coveted Braemoor neighborhood of Bonny Doon. Classic single level ranch-style home nestled on 1.25 acres of flat sun-drenched land w/ views of beloved Crest Tree Farm. Extensively updated w/ contemporary finishes that compliment the rustic features characteristic of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Stunning kitchen w/ hickory cabinets, brick backsplash, center island w/ handmade wood countertop & sink, 48 Wolf range, Sub-Zero refrigerator, soapstone countertops & farm sink. Fluid floorplan perfect for entertaining w/ open-concept kitchen/living room & access to the back yard for summer BBQs. Spacious bedrooms, updated baths & laundry/mud room w/ separate entrance. Wide plank pine flooring, radiant heat flooring in baths & wood windows. A+ workmanship. Detached 800sf studio/game room w/ kitchenette, full bath & wood stove, detached workshop w/ wood stove, storage sheds for all your tools & abundant parking for all your toys. On a scale of 1-10...this home is a 20!


text:
Last Updated: Wednesday, 6 August, 2003, 06:42 GMT 07:42 UK
Rocket project gets cash boost
The exhibition will include photographs of the rocket project
A project exploring the legacy of Britain's Blue Streak rocket programme has been awarded money from the Heritage Lottery Fund.
Blue Streak was the rocket tested at the RAF Spadeadam base in Cumbria, during the late 1950s and early 1960s.
It was initially designed as a launch vehicle for medium range ballistic missiles and to put satellites into space, but the project was shrouded in secrecy.
Now a permanent archive about the project will be created at the Tuille House Museum, in Carlisle.
The £49,000 award from the Heritage Lottery Fund will be used to fund a project officer to research and develop a multi-media exhibition.
Archive photographs
Research at Spadeadam contributed to Britain's developments in nuclear and space science.
The site itself was awarded "Scheduled Cold War Monument" status by English Heritage.
A Blue Streak exhibition will be held at Tuille House in October.
It will include photographs and recordings of people reminiscing about the project.
BBC Cumbria
Sport, travel, weather, things to do, features and much more
Tuille House
Heritage Lottery Fund
TOP CUMBRIA STORIES
Carlisle to host BBC music event
BBC presenter 'may be in Cumbria'
Traveller fair violence warning


text:
4 fresh ideas to ease Seattle's coming traffic nightmare
Abandon hope all ye who enter the "Period of Maximum Constraint"
University of Washington students interview a bus rider in Seattle to gather data for their "ideathon" for easing the Period of Maximum Constraint. (Photo by Matt Hagen Photography)
Seattle is doomed — at least in terms of its traffic for at least the next three years. Already, morning and evening gridlock seems to start earlier and end later. I-5 through downtown is nearly always jammed up. Overloaded buses wait through multiple light cycles attempting to inch through intersections at rush hour. And it's going to get worse. This year, we entered the "Period of Maximum Constraint," the city's euphemistic name for the time now through 2021, in which a series of events will compound Seattle's traffic problems.
In addition to existing traffic — about 47 percent of commuters drive alone — and construction projects, there are a few really big plans on the horizon that will truly gum up the works. In January, the Highway 99 viaduct will be closed for three weeks before the new replacement tunnel opens. Buses will be booted out of the downtown transit tunnel and onto surface streets as early as spring 2019 as part of Sound Transit's light rail expansion. The Convention Center expansion's massive construction site will block traffic lanes and create big headaches.
So what is a city to do? A group of three dozen University of Washington graduate and undergraduate students spent the past weekend trying to figure that out.
Put on by UW's CoMotion and sponsored by Challenge Seattle, an initiative by private sector CEOs to address the city's big problems, the Imagine Mobility Ideathon asked teams of students, majoring in everything from public policy to engineering to computer science to English, to come up with their best solution to help ease the pain of the Period of Maximum Constraint.
Modeled after a hackathon, the event had teams work Friday through Sunday interviewing Seattleites, gathering data, hearing from transportation experts, crafting their solution, and finally pitching it to a panel of judges that included Challenge Seattle CEO Christine Gregoire, former Washington State Department of Transportation director Paula Hammond, UW Vice President of Innovation Vikram Jandhyala, Amazon Vice President Babak Parviz, and Commute Seattle director Jonathan Hopkins.
Though the students only spent three days working on their ideas, the weekend was not meant to just be a theoretical exercise. The winning team will get funding, time, and mentorship to further develop their idea and pitch it to investors and public agencies who might be able to make it real. Whether or not the top ideas presented here are ever fully realized, they do represent creative solutions to a vexing problem that, sadly, isn't going anywhere on its own — at least not for the next three years.
More options for working parents
The winning team — consisting of Simon Suh, Proshonjt Mitra, January Shen, and Chris Woodruff —wants to see public schools turned into park-and-ride mobility hubs. In their interviews with people on the street around Northgate Mall, the team members heard over and over that the reason people drive to work is that they first have to drop their kids off at school. Using public transportation to do that leads to excessively long commutes.
The team modeled their idea around an imaginary mom who lives in Everett and works at Northgate. By car, her commute takes 45 minutes. By bus, it would take more than double that, due to the need to transfer lines once or twice.
If schools could be used as park-and-ride hubs for popular transit lines, organizing carpools, or grabbing an Uberpool or Lyft Line, then working parents might consider leaving their cars behind for the final leg, from their child's school into work. The team doesn't think the mobility hub model would produce faster travel times than driving, but for their imaginary Everett mom they calculate it could create 45- to 75-minute commutes, perhaps close enough to drive times – and without the hassles of rush hour driving and finding parking – to incentivize someone to choose the bus over their car.
The judges picked the idea as the winner because they said it had potential to be developed into a real-world solution and because they were unaware of any other city doing similar experiments focusing on working parents and transportation.
"Parents are a unique segment of commuting population," said Commute Seattle's Hopkins. "There's so many variables and we haven't tackled that really well."
Coordinating big companies' commuters
Many of Seattle's large companies offer their employees free or discounted ORCA transit passes. For tech companies and other businesses that rely mostly on computer-wielding workers, telecommuting is already common practice.
The second place team — consisting of Andrew McKenna-Foster, Harsh Dev, Yanjie Niu, Yuan Wang and Ryan Cheng — thinks that these companies can do better and envisions an app that would help them coordinate their workers' commutes, to get commuters out of cars.
Through the app, companies could stagger commutes to ease the load on Seattle's streets, rather than having thousands of employees show up at 9 am. The app could also be used to establish work-from-home days or days where employees are encouraged to take transit instead of driving. If a few hundred or more people from one company in Pioneer Square were working from home the same day, then a few hundred from another company a couple blocks away were all taking transit, it could have a noticeable impact on street traffic. To further incentivize the program, employees would get bonuses or discounts from local companies in exchange for participating.
Turn public transit into a winnable game
The judges decided to award a third place tie to two teams with very different ideas for incentivizing public transit use. The first team — Weng-Ching Chung, Peiling Li, and Zayd Abdel-Kamel — wants to create an app that rewards bus and light rail riders. The more you ride, the more points you accrue, the higher you're ranked on the game's leaderboard. Local businesses could sponsor the game in exchange for providing prizes and discounts. King County Metro and Sound Transit could offer free or reduced fare rides as prizes.
Hartford, Philadelphia, Montreal and other municipalities have all experimented with similar rider loyalty programs. And though Montreal reports a small increase in ridership from its rewards program, a study by TransitCenter found faster, more consistent transit service is the thing that gets people on board.
Make transit faster with higher capacity
Getting people on board is what the other third-place team hopes Sound Transit might do with Link light rail. Dawn Cheung, Snehal Kota, Andrew Brammeier, Shreya Kuruvilla, Archana Matela, and Suuing Lio want to see the agency experiment with express trains and standing-only cars.
Express lines that don't stop at every station and, as a result, speed up service are common in metro systems around the world. The team imagines an express light rail train that runs during rush hour and only stops at the seven most heavily-used stations – Angle Lake, SeaTac, Columbia city, Beacon Hill, Westlake, Capitol Hill, and Husky Stadium – rather than all 16.
To increase capacity, the team also wants to see the implementation of a standing-only car or a car with very limited seating.
Granted, having express trains is likely impossible on the current Link system since there's only one track line in each direction and the "local" trains would get in the way of the express train. But in theory it would certainly be faster.
Most of the students didn't come with transportation planning or policy expertise, but Hopkins pointed out that can be an advantage. Outsiders come to problems with fresh eyes and even if they're working in the theoretical realm, out-there ideas can sometimes morph into real solutions.
Seattle & King County,
During his 12 years as mayor of Renton, Denis Law helped build a politically inclusive city.
Glenn Nelson
/ July 8 July 8, 2019 /
Updated July 8, 2019 at 11:35 AM
Why is Seattle Public Schools canceling a successful program for Native students?
Members of the Urban Native Education Alliance are fighting the district's decision. They say Native students will suffer.
Liz Brazile
Seattle's new IT boss fires 14 directors as part of 'organizational change'
Chief Technology Officer Saad Bashir is making good on his promise to 'question and simplify every internal IT process.'
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Orca J17 is starving, but death isn't inevitable
New aerial drone photography shows ailing Southern Resident Killer Whale J17 in dire straits.


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AlcaLu Preps Grand Convergence Plan
News Analysis Craig Matsumoto, Editor-in-Chief, Light Reading 8/5/2009
Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU) plans to interweave its optical and routing technologies more closely, as part of a strategy designed to accommodate the converging of carrier networks.
And Basil Alwan, who runs the IP routing business consisting of the 7750 Service Router and 7450 Ethernet Service Switch, is one of two men guiding that direction. He's developing the plan along with James Watt, chief technology officer for AlcaLu's Carrier Product Group.
"There's a very well-thought-through agreement on what belongs in the optical layer, what belongs in the IP/Ethernet layer, and how they interrelate. We actually have an upcoming announcement that's going to talk in detail about that," Alwan tells Light Reading, without giving away the juicy details. "We have a five-year vision of where the network goes."
It's a reflection of how networks are being used. Many carriers aren't interested in building separate wireless and wireline networks, or separate packet and optical transport; they want hybrids. All that "convergence" people talked about for years is actually happening.
This doesn't mean the layers mash into one gooey paste like chewed-up food. (And aren't you glad we didn't put a link in that sentence.) But as their roles overlap, network equipment has to be defined differently, Alwan says.
"It used to be easy to draw hard lines: I want a Sonet ADM. I want an IP router," he says. "Now all these services are coming together. That's a big change inside Alcatel-Lucent. There's a recognition among our customers that they want convergence, and that means we have to think across these layers."
The emergence of packet-optical transport systems (P-OTS), for instance, shows a melding of the optical and IP layers. The trend is taken to more ambitious levels in optical burst switching, which uses wavelengths to assign packets' destinations; Matisse Networks has been developing such a technology, and now Intune Networks appears ready to come to market as well. (See Matisse Primes Metro Ethernet Makeovers and InTune Lands Irish Gig.)
Verizon Communications Inc. (NYSE: VZ) is definitely taking the trend to heart, crafting requirements for a new breed of long-haul optical equipment. And the apparent absence of an optical strategy at Juniper Networks Inc. (NYSE: JNPR) has prompted analyst Ed Zabitsky of ACI Research to start picking on that company. (See Verizon Rethinks Long Haul and Is Juniper Junior-Grade?)
Alwan's prominent role in this plan -- he's got a second title at Alcatel-Lucent that involves "portfolio development" -- shows how important his division's routers and switches have become to the company.
"The technology is finding its way into those other nodes," he says, referring to the other divisions that make up the carrier group: optical, wireless access, and wireline access. "That's our OS, our software operating system. Pieces of our hardware technology are actually in those other places now."
The former TiMetra Networks has grown up quite nicely for AlcaLu (Alcatel bought TiMetra in 2003), garnering a second-place market share in edge routing, by many estimates. Big-name wins include two announced today, with Cox Communications Inc. and NTT Communications Corp. (NYSE: NTT). (See Cox Picks AlcaLu and NTT Deploys IPv6 With AlcaLu.)
— Craig Matsumoto, West Coast Editor, Light Reading
paolo.franzoi 12/5/2012 | 3:59:09 PM
re: AlcaLu Preps Grand Convergence Plan
OP,
The theory goes like this.  You can buy Ethernet ports on transport products for less than those on routers.  If you can, you can reduce the cost of growing your network by reducing the transit traffic on routers by bypassing them through Optical Transport products.
So, I am not sure that this is an OPEX advantage nor does it mean that routers are going to be removed from the network.  The idea is to be able to sweat the router assets by the minimizing the transit traffic.
Will this work and be popular?  Who knows.
OldPOTS 12/5/2012 | 3:59:09 PM
I can't count the number of RFPs i've read with this requirement,
especially government bids.I never fully understood how this was such an 'operational' advantage.
But marketwise this puts AlcaLu in a good marketing position to capture both markets.
Carriercop 12/5/2012 | 3:59:07 PM
The concept is widely published and all related vendors "sniffed" the idea into realistic plans of development. The advantage of ALU is taht they really took it seriously and assigned people in all level to rollout the plan...
I personaly believe in that direction and the convergence is taking place all around. Several Telecoms have started to converge departments 2 years ago, so the sign was on the wall...
Kdavison 12/5/2012 | 3:59:01 PM
Seven,
The misconcepton is that simply adding basic ethernet ports into slots on Optical platforms solves the problem. You have to be able to "virtualize" below the optical layer by creating a "L2 Data transport resource layer" using COE (PBB-TE/MPLS-TP).
Additionally, the need to traffic engineer COE transport layer on a end to end basis needs to be taken into account.
By doing this, the operationalization of a converged Packet Optical Transport layer can be achieved, resutling in OPEX/CAPEX savings...
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LOS ANGELES (CBSLA) — A man with an attempted murder conviction and a woman who has seven convictions for driving under the influence were among 150 people arrested this week in the Southland by federal immigration agents, authorities said Wednesday.
About 40 percent of those arrested in the sweep – which took place between Sunday and Tuesday – had previously been released by local law enforcement agencies despite ICE detainers asking arresting agencies to notify immigration officers prior to the suspect's release from custody, according to the ICE officials.
Nearly all arrestees had prior criminal convictions, authorities said.
"All of the operations that we do are targeted enforcement operations so our officers have a target and we're out there looking for these individuals in these communities," said Thomas Giles, acting field office director for ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations Los Angeles.
Of the 150 arrests, 76 took place in Los Angeles County, 34 in Orange County, and 16 in Riverside County. The arrestees — 138 men and 12 women — are from a dozen countries, with the 123 of them from Mexico, according to ICE.
"Their crimes ranged from multiple DUIs, attempted murder, sexual assault cases, cruelty toward children, cruelty toward spouses, domestic violence," Giles said.
According to Giles, agents performed surveillance and background checks before making arrests.
He pointed to Senate Bill 54, the so-called "sanctuary state" bill — which, among other things, prohibits state and local law enforcement from using resources to investigate or arrest people for immigration enforcement purposes.
Officials said the arrestees were from a dozen different countries, but a majority were from Mexico.


IT will cost Chelsea a staggering £30million if they decide to sack Jose Mourinho.
The Portuguese boss is on the brink at Stamford Bridge following a calamitous 2-1 defeat to West Ham on Saturday.
Midfielder Nemanja Matic was shown a red card by referee Jon Moss in the first half, assistant first team coach, Silvino Louro, was sent to the stands for protesting and Mourinho was then sent off at half time.
Six Chelsea players were also booked meaning they will receive a mandatory fine from the Football Association while Mourinho breached Premier League regulations by skipping the post-match press conference.
And the fallout from the weekend has led to reports that Mourinho could be sacked if they lose to Liverpool on Saturday.
According to ESPN FC, discussions are already taking place regarding Mourinho's future and with his contract which he signed in August worth £10m per year, the full price for dismissing the three-time Premier League manager will be £30m.
The report also claims several players have raised concerns over Mourinho's "management and decision-making".
Captain John Terry, Gary Cahill and Spaniards Cesc Fabregas, Cesar Azpilicueta and Diego Costa are all understood to still be behind Mourinho despite the doubts over his future.


The China Daily UK Edition published a signed article by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming Entitled "China, UK can write new chapter together"
Francis Bacon, the 16th Century British statesman, observed that: "Time is the greatest innovator". Two months ago, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, and both Europe and the rest of the world felt the shock. PostBrexit Britain is now in a time of adjustment - with the coming of a new prime minister, a new government and new policies. The ChinaUK relationship is also entering an important historical period with new development opportunities.
I have had the honor to have been China's Ambassador to the UK for the past six and half years. From this unique vantage point, I have been deeply impressed by the extraordinary progress made in ChinaUK relations in recent years. This progress was highlighted by President Xi Jinping's successful "Super State Visit" to the UK last year, which greatly advanced bilateral exchanges and cooperation across the board. During that visit, the two countries agreed to build a global comprehensive strategic partnership for the 21st century together.
Such a strong relationship and close friendship between China and the UK has extensive popular support in both countries, since it serves the fundamental interests of our two peoples and benefits world peace and development. Both countries have worked hard to come this far and both should cherish what has been achieved. Experience tells us that the important fundamentals for a healthy and stable ChinaUK relationship have remained unchanged-our two countries need to respect each other, treat each other as equals and attach importance to each other's core interests and major concerns.
Next year marks the 45th annversary of the establishment of ambassadoriallevel diplomatic relations between China and the UK. As I reflect on what this relationship has gone through and envision its future, I am convinced that a number of steps need to be made in order to maintain the momentum in the relationship and bring more benefits to our peoples. Below is a course of action I believe the two countries should follow.
First, we must make continuous efforts to build stronger political mutual trust. Mutual trust is the foundation for cooperation. Progress in ChinaUK bilateral ties is always powered by mutual understanding, support and friendship between our two peoples.
It is natural that our partnership will be accompanied by differences of views, as China and the UK differ in political systems, development stages and cultural traditions. But the old Chinese saying, "truth does not fear contention", embraces the spirit that can be followed to advance relations. Being fair in a dialogue requires the ability to "stand in others' shoes". Candid and indepth communication and thinking from the perspective of one's interlocutor will help to build trust, expand consensus and clear misgivings.
Since the new British government took office in July, China has reiterated its unchanged commitment to growing ties with the UK. The new British government has also stated its position of attaching importance to relations with China.
British Prime Minister Theresa May will travel to Hangzhou for the G20 Leaders Summit on Sept 45. The summit is an important platform for multilateral cooperation. This year's summit is especially meaningful for China and the UK, since it offers a good opportunity for the British prime minister to have her first facetoface communication with Chinese leaders. I hope both sides will seize this opportunity to forge stronger trust and closer friend ship. This can enable plans for the bilateral institutional dialogues and lay a solid foundation for the longterm growth of ChinaUK relations.
Second, we must stay committed to open and resultsbased cooperation. In today's world, no country can develop by itself behind closed doors. A zerosum game leads nowhere, while winwin cooperation is the way forward. China and the UK, as the world's second and fifthlargest economies, have much to offer to each other, for example through trade, investment, finance, science and technology, and many other areas. The untapped potential is huge.
Prime Minister May has promised a onenation government that works for everyone in the UK and a development strategy that delivers a more balanced economy. These ideas are shared by China in its 13th FiveYear Plan (201620) and the Belt and Road Initiative. China and the UK could dovetail their respective development strategies and, in this way, bring more benefits to our two peoples and make "one plus one more than two".
After the UK voted to leave the EU, many Chinese companies cast a "vote of confidence" in the UK economy with real actions. Tianjin Airlines, a subsidiary of China's Hainan Airlines Group, opened a direct flight route connecting Tianjin, Chongqing and London. Sichuan Guodong Construction Group announced its plan to invest 220 million pounds ($288 million) in housing projects in Sheffield over the next three years. China Gezhouba Group has also expressed an interest in the UK's water conservancy projects, to the tune of roughly a billion pounds. I hope that Britain will continue to be pragmatic and stay open to Chinese businesses.
Third, we must stay true to a global vision. China and the UK are both permanent members of the UN Security Council and leading members of the G20; these roles enable both nations to collaborate with each other in promoting world peace, prosperity and stability. The increasing strategic and global nature of ChinaUK ties takes our relationship far beyond the bilateral scope.
I believe that China and the UK can further expand cooperation in the global arena. We can make our due contributions to world peace, prosperity and development by working together to advance reforms of the global economic governance. In addition, both countries can promote cooperation in sustainable development, counter-terrorism, anticorruption, antimicrobial resistance and UN peacekeeping.
The famous British scientist Charles Darwin is reported to have said: "It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change." In times of change, wise strategic choices and strong, farsighted leadership are needed more than anything. China always takes a strategic and longterm perspective toward its relationship with the UK. I hope the UK will do the same and our two countries will join hands to write a new chapter for ChinaUK relations.
China Daily UK Edition, founded on 1 September 2016, is a daily newspaper issued in the UK from Monday to Friday. It aims to cover stories and off opinions for readers from the government, business and academic institutions, particularly political, business, academic leaders who follow economic, cultural and political developments in China.


text:
Marco Pagani
marco.pagani@istc.cnr.it
Via Palestro, 32 - 00185 Rome - Italy
curriculum_vitae_marco_pagani.docx.pdf
Marco Pagani [Medical Doctor, 1985; PhD in Brain Neurophysiology and Nuclear Medicine Methodology, 2000, at Karolinska Institute of Stockholm] is a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies of the Italian National Research Council (ISTC-CNR) and Associate Researcher at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm and at University Medical Centre in Groningen. His work focuses on the physiopathology of brain perfusion, metabolism, electrical activity and anatomy, applied to neurodegenerative, neurological and psychiatric disorders implementing multivariate analysis and seeking for brain networking in normal and pathological conditions. He has published in Peer Reviewed Journals about 150 full papers (mean IF > 5.1), has presented more than 130 communications at international Conferences, has given more than 100 Keynotes, Plenary Lectures at International Conferences, CME, Workshops and Courses and has been awarded three International Prizes in the field of Neuroimaging.


text:
Radio-Paris désigne la première station de radio parisienne commerciale privée jusqu'au , puis une chaîne de radio nationale publique française jusqu'au . Sa dénomination est récupérée par la  pour sa chaîne de radio de propagande diffusée dans la France occupée du  au , brocardée chaque jour dans les émissions de Radio Londres, notamment par Pierre Dac, qui chantonne sur l'air de Tico-Tico : .

Histoire

De Radiola à Radio-Paris
La station est fondée le  sous le nom de Radiola par la Compagnie générale de la télégraphie sans fil (CSF). Elle est la première station de radio privée à émettre en France, sur la région parisienne uniquement, depuis un émetteur situé dans la cour de l'usine de la Société française radio-électrique (SFR) à Levallois-Perret.

Rachetée par un regroupement d'actionnaires dont Havas, Gaumont, la « Compagnie des Lampes » et quelques banques d'investissement comme la Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, Radiola devient Radio-Paris le  et change de site d'émission, qui passe à Clichy La Garenne, tout en augmentant sa puissance d'émission dans les années qui suivent.

Son programme, plutôt riche et varié, et la qualité de ses émissions contribuent rapidement à son succès d'audience. La station est ainsi la première à posséder un orchestre de danse, dirigé par Mario Cazes. Sous le surnom de « Jaboune », Jean Nohain y fait ses débuts avec une émission pour la jeunesse et l'animation de jeux radiophoniques. En janvier 1927, le  Lhande lance la première émission religieuse à la radio. Les bulletins d'information sont issus de l'agence Havas, actionnaire de Radio-Paris. À partir de 1931, Radio-Paris est reçu dans toute la France depuis son nouvel émetteur plus puissant de Saint-Rémy-l'Honoré, en Seine-et-Oise.

Radio-Paris tire ses ressources de la publicité diffusée à l'antenne, dont la gestion est d'abord confiée à « Avenir-Publicité », puis à « Information et Publicité » (IP).

Le Poste national
Le succès d'audience de Radio-Paris, qui est le poste le plus écouté au début des années 1930, amène l'État à s'intéresser à son rachat. La station est nationalisée le  et intégrée au réseau de la radiodiffusion d'État sous le nom de Poste national Radio-Paris aux côtés de Radio Tour Eiffel et Radio PTT. Les anciens propriétaires de Radio-Paris, à qui l'État vient de racheter la radio pour douze millions de francs, réinvestissent une partie de leur bénéfice dans la création de Radio-Luxembourg.

De par sa programmation de qualité, le Poste national Radio-Paris s'impose immédiatement comme la station vedette de la radiodiffusion d'État. Au nom de la laïcité, le décret Mistler du  supprime les émissions religieuses du Poste national Radio-Paris qui perd une partie de ce qui a fait le succès de la station privée. À la suite des protestations des auditeurs, les émissions religieuses sont rétablies à l'occasion des sermons de Carême le , tandis que débute une série de causeries philosophiques dont le premier invité est Henri Bergson, afin de laisser aussi la parole à la libre-pensée. L'administration des PTT gère la station sans grande efficacité. Comme sur les autres postes d'État, le volume des causeries devient conséquent et alourdit la grille de programmes. Ainsi, près de la moitié du temps parlé sur le Poste national Radio-Paris est consacré aux conférences (cours et causeries) aux sujets aussi divers que sérieux. La littérature y occupe une place de choix, mais on trouve également des causeries agricoles, médicales, coloniales, historiques, d'autres sur la vie pratique, sur la vie économique et sociale, le cinéma et le théâtre. L'ambition éducative de ces émissions est de constituer une « université populaire ».

Pour la première fois à la radio, le Poste national Radio-Paris, comme l'ensemble des postes d'État, diffuse la campagne électorale pour les élections législatives d'avril 1936.

L'État fait construire un centre émetteur de très grande puissance situé à Allouis dans le centre de la France. Dès sa mise en service en 1938, la longueur d'onde de  en grandes ondes attribuée à la France diffuse le Poste national Radio-Paris. Le poste est audible dans une grande partie de l'Europe.

Le Poste national Radio-Paris change d'autorité de tutelle le , passant de l'administration des Postes, télégraphes et téléphones (PTT) à celle de la Radiodiffusion nationale (RN) nouvellement créée, qui groupe tous les services de la radiodiffusion publique française sous son autorité unique.

Le , le premier ministre belge, Hubert Pierlot appelle sur les ondes de Radio Paris à la constitution d'une armée en exil pour continuer la lutte à la suite de la capitulation, contre l'avis du gouvernement, du roi Léopold III.

À la suite de la bataille de France, alors que la  entre dans Paris et l'occupe dès le , et que toutes les stations parisiennes ont cessé d'émettre dans l'après-midi du , le Poste national Radio-Paris, dont l'émetteur n'est pas situé en région parisienne, ne cesse d'émettre que le , après avoir retransmis le discours du maréchal Pétain qui annonce la cessation des combats et la demande d'armistice.

La radio de propagande allemande
La convention d'armistice, qui entre en application le , prévoit, en son article 13, que :  Et, en son article 14, que :

Accordant une grande importance à ce média de masse qu'est la radio, les autorités d'occupation veillent très tôt à ce que la radio de propagande qu'ils vont mettre en place sous leur contrôle puisse être entendue sur tout le territoire français dans de bonnes conditions. Ils réquisitionnent à cet effet le puissant émetteur du poste privé Le Poste Parisien qui est remis en service le  ainsi que l'émetteur de l'ancien poste d'État Radio Rennes Bretagne PTT pour toucher l'Angleterre, suivi le 7 de celui de Bordeaux qui sont regroupés en réseau avec d'autres émetteurs de province pour diffuser le nouveau programme. Les studios des Champs-Élysées de l'ancien Poste Parisien, qui sont les plus modernes, luxueux et les mieux adaptés à recevoir orchestres et artistes, sont réquisitionnés et affectés à cette nouvelle radio placée sous la direction de la , organisme mis en place dès le  par le commandement militaire allemand afin de contrôler et de censurer la presse écrite, la radiodiffusion, la littérature, le cinéma et l'ensemble des manifestations culturelles et bénéficie de larges moyens. Cette nouvelle radio, placée sous l'autorité du docteur Böhfinger, prend le nom de Radio-Paris afin de profiter de l'aura de l'ancienne première radio nationale d'avant-guerre et de créer une confusion volontaire dans l'esprit des auditeurs, destinée à faciliter le rôle de propagande que la  entend lui faire jouer pendant toute la Seconde Guerre mondiale afin de convaincre les Français de collaborer avec les Allemands. Les moyens financiers importants de Radio-Paris lui permettent de proposer une programmation de grande audience, élaborée et distrayante, où les émissions musicales occupent une place prépondérante. Tino Rossi et Maurice Chevalier chantent à son micro et le réputé grand orchestre de Radio-Paris, dirigé par Jo Bouillon, participe au succès de la station. Cette radio allemande de propagande en langue française recrute de nombreux journalistes collaborationnistes français. Parmi ses principaux orateurs, on peut citer Jean Hérold-Paquis, membre du PPF et du comité d'honneur de la Waffen SS, qui y débute une chronique militaire quotidienne le  en la ponctuant chaque fois par le slogan : , René-Louis Jolivet, Robert de Beauplan, Jean Lousteau, Pierre Ducrocq, Alain de Berthois, Jean-Henri Azéma ou encore le milicien, puis secrétaire d'État à l'Information et à la Propagande (à partir du ), Philippe Henriot dans des éditoriaux bi-quotidiens à partir du . À travers ses éditoriaux et ses émissions politiques, Radio-Paris diffuse une propagande en faveur de la collaboration et d'une Europe nouvelle. Ainsi, des journalistes allemands viennent s'exprimer au micro de Radio-Paris, comme le docteur Friedrich, qui débute en  son émission Un journaliste allemand vous parle diffusée chaque dimanche à .

Le  est lancé le magazine hebdomadaire Les Ondes, qui donne dans le détail pour chaque journée les programmes de Radio-Paris et des reportages sur les vedettes parlant au micro.

Une « guerre des ondes » s'engage avec Radio Londres au micro de laquelle la France libre dénonce en plusieurs langues la vraie nature de Radio-Paris. Cette collaboration popularise, avec la voix de Pierre Dac, la ritournelle  sur l'air de la Cucaracha, diffusée sur les émissions françaises de la BBC. Radio-Paris devient un symbole de la censure sous l'occupation allemande en France.

À compter de 1943 et du regroupement des services de la radio à Paris, Radio-Paris est la seule radio nationale française.

La  met en place le  une nouvelle radio de propagande d'information en continu, L'Information permanente, diffusée depuis l'émetteur de la Tour Eiffel sur la longueur d'onde (ondes moyennes) de  (ondes moyennes), et dont la rédaction, qui dépend de Radio-Paris, s'installe au 114, avenue des Champs-Élysées.

Le , Philippe Henriot, surnommé « la voix d'or », est abattu par la Résistance.

Dès août 1944, l'occupant allemand prépare la retraite de Paris face à l'avancée des Alliés. Radio-Paris vit ses dernières heures et son studio du 116-118, avenue des Champs-Élysées se désertifie. La plupart des vedettes de la station ont disparu dans la nature après avoir touché leur cachet et quinze personnes, dont le , sont candidates pour fuir vers Baden-Baden, à l'invitation de Goebbels ; les autres décidant de se débrouiller. En ce matin du jeudi , Botto, l'homme à tout faire de Radio-Paris, brûle sans arrêt les archives de la station dont les flammèches s'abattent sur les Champs-Élysées. À , un speaker allemand anonyme fait une dernière déclaration en français au micro de Radio-Paris dans laquelle il annonce la victoire finale de l'Allemagne grâce à une arme secrète. À , une note de service avise les candidats au départ qu'ils doivent amener d'urgence leurs bagages au poste d'émission. Le matériel est emballé, tout est prêt, on paiera demain le personnel, à titre de précaution, dit-on. Radio-Paris cesse ses émissions le  à . Le  à minuit quinze, la station reçoit un coup de téléphone de son grand patron, le , qui explique qu'il ne revient plus, que chacun doit se débrouiller comme il peut et qu'il faut partir d'urgence. À  du matin, Jean Loustau pleure dans la salle de rédaction et part dans une voiture de SS. Devant Radio-Paris, l'émeute se déclenche : le personnel, les artistes ont trouvé la porte close et la caisse vide. Le chef du service de sécurité, Fischer tire à coups de mitraillette dans les studios d'émission. À , Radio-Paris brûle, mais les pompiers éteignent le feu.

Les locaux de Radio-Paris sont libérés le soir du  par le « Groupe Dauvergne », sous la direction de Jacques Magne, et un commando formé de policiers du mouvement « Résistance Police » qui prennent possession des studios, avenue des Champs-Élysées, sans rencontrer de résistance de la part des quelques Allemands encore en poste pour les garder. Les FFI du Groupe Dauvergne remettent en état les installations techniques de Radio-Paris et diffusent dès le  à  leur radio, nommée Paris National, qui émet jusqu'au . Jean Guignebert, directeur de la Radiodiffusion de la Nation française, met fin à cette diffusion afin d'appuyer la légitimité de la seule radio nationale libre officiellement reconnue, la Radiodiffusion de la Nation française, qui vient occuper les anciens locaux de Radio-Paris dès le .

Identité visuelle

Logos

Organisation

Dirigeants

Directeurs
 Émile Girardeau :  -
 Marcel Pellenc :  -
 Pierre Fénélon :  -
 Léon Brillouin :  -
 Alfred Böhfinger :  -

Directeurs des programmes artistiques
 André Messager :  -
 Wladimir Porché :  -

Responsable des émissions symphoniques et lyriques
 Eugène Bigot :  - 1934

Responsable des variétés
 Raoul Süssdorf :  -

Responsable de la programmation musicale
 Pierre Hiegel :  -

Capital
Le poste de radiodiffusion privé Radio-Paris est exploité par la Compagnie Française de Radiophonie (CFR), société anonyme au capital de 8 millions de francs dont les membres du Conseil d'administration sont la Compagnie Générale de Télégraphie Sans Fil (CSF), actionnaire majoritaire qui représente les industries radioélectriques, Gaumont, la Compagnie des Lampes, la Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston (CFTH), Philips, quelques banques d'investissement comme la Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, la Banque nationale de Crédit et la Banque Transatlantique, ainsi que la presse avec l'agence Havas (second actionnaire majoritaire) et les directeurs du Journal, du Matin et de l'Écho de Paris.

À la suite de sa nationalisation le , le capital du Poste National Radio-Paris est détenu à 100 % par l'État qui en confie la gestion à l'administration des PTT (direction de la Radiodiffusion), puis à l'administration de la Radiodiffusion nationale en 1939.

Du  au , Radio-Paris est un poste allemand pour ce qui tient à son organisation, de son financement et de son contrôle, placé sous la responsabilité de la . En , les Allemands font savoir à la Radiodiffusion nationale qu'elle doit supporter les frais de programmes et les dépenses techniques de Radio-Paris. En faisant intervenir Pierre Laval, elle obtient de ne payer que les frais techniques.

Sièges

Le premier siège de Radio-Paris est situé au 79, boulevard Haussmann à Paris dans les locaux de la société Radiola. À la suite de sa nationalisation en 1933, l'administration des PTT installe la station au 11, rue François- dans le .

La  relance la station en juillet 1940 depuis les anciens studios et l'émetteur réquisitionnés du Poste Parisien situés au 116-118, avenue des Champs-Élysées dans le .

Programmes
La station privée Radio-Paris a bâti sa réputation sur des programmes de haute qualité mêlant information, théâtre radiophonique, émissions lyriques, variété, musique classique, littérature, sport et histoire. Cette programmation est conservée par le Poste National. Les bulletins d'information comprennent de nombreux reportages sérieux assurés en collaboration avec certains journaux quotidiens et avec l'Agence Havas. La mise en place d'une direction des émissions dramatiques permet de développer le théâtre radiophonique, de même que la direction de la musique instaure plusieurs orchestres maison pour les émissions lyriques (Jo Bouillon et son orchestre font la joie des auditeurs de Radio-Paris la nuit en 1938-1939). Le programme est varié, généraliste et plus culturel que celui des autres stations privées de l'époque : on y trouve peu de jeux et d'émissions publiques, peu de chansonniers et de musique légère et pas de comédies.

Jeudi  :
 20 h 30 : orchestre national sous la direction d'Inghelbrecht, symphonie en mi bémol (Mozart), concerto pour violoncelle et orchestre (Saint-Saëns), En forêt (P. Ladmirault), Le Livre d'Or (Inghelbrecht), Le vaisseau fantôme, ouverture (Wagner).
 21 h 50 : informations.

Dimanche  :
 20 h : informations
 20 h 30 : concert symphonique sous la direction de Manuel Rosenthal : hommage à la mémoire de Maurice Emmanuel
 21 h 30 : chronique sportive par M. Fleury
 22 h 30 : disques
 22 h 45 : informations
 23 h : Jo Bouillon et son orchestre.

Mercredi  :
 20 h : journal
 20 h 30 : Paris-Printemps, revue de Clerouc, avec , Rousseau, Camus et , Simon, Emlyn, Montage, orchestre Jo Bouillon
 21 h 30 : Les devinettes sonores, concert radiophonique présenté par
 22 h : concert, sous la direction de Clergue
 22 h 45 : informations
 23 h : disques.

Dimanche  :
 20 h : journal
 20 h 30 : concert sous la direction de Clergue : Mozart, Dvorak…
 21 h 30 : programme sonore
 22 h 30 : disques : chants d'amour
 22 h 45 : informations
 23 h : Jo Bouillon et son orchestre.

La version allemande de Radio-Paris diffuse chaque jour ses programmes de  à  dès le . Ses responsables allemands insistent sur l'effort artistique que la station doit fournir pour ne pas lasser les auditeurs hostiles à la propagande ; ils cherchent ainsi à conquérir l'auditeur en développant les émissions à contenu non politique. Habilement les programmes culturels sont coupés de la propagande, tant pour les auditeurs que pour les très nombreux comédiens, musiciens, artistes qui y collaborent. La musique est particulièrement sollicitée dans l'effort de captation des audiences ; elle occupe près des deux tiers des programmes de Radio-Paris, avec une très grande diversité d'interprètes, d'orchestres, de compositeurs, de genres musicaux. Les programmes musicaux de Radio-Paris se veulent en effet inscrits sous le triple signe de la diversité (des genres, des orchestres, des musiciens), de la pédagogie et de la qualité. La  tente d'abord d'imposer des concerts de musique allemande dans un objectif explicite de propagande. Ceux-ci ont si peu de succès qu'ils cessent dès la deuxième tentative car ils ne sont utiles en aucune manière pour servir avec force et séduction la culture allemande. La  laisse ensuite dans ses grandes lignes aux Français le choix de la programmation musicale de Radio-Paris, en exerçant toutefois un droit de censure ou de contrôle et en rappelant toujours l'objectif principal : séduire les auditeurs, par un triple programme ambitieux qui cherche la qualité des émissions musicales, leur éclectisme et leur visée pédagogique. Ainsi, Pierre Hiégel, recruté comme responsable de la programmation musicale, peut-il y défendre la musique française en diffusant Debussy, Ravel, Fauré, Duparc, Roussel ou Messager.

Dans les programmes musicaux, le cabaret, la musique légère, la variété et le music-hall sont omniprésents. Une place importante est laissée à la bonne humeur, aux entretiens plus ou moins formels, plus ou moins spontanés avec les vedettes, aux retransmissions de cabaret. Une large majorité de programmes culturels ou de divertissement évite avec soin toute référence à la situation politique du pays tandis que le journal parlé et quelques émissions de propagande sont mises sans nuance au service de la collaboration et de l'idéologie nazie. L'objectif semble avant tout d'imposer un masque de normalité à la station et du point de vue des émissions de divertissement et de culture au moins, l'objectif est rapidement atteint.

 (jour de l'attaque de l'URSS par l'Allemagne) :
 8 h  : Radio-journal de Paris (premier bulletin)
 8 h 15 : bulletin d'informations de la Radiodiffusion nationale française
 8 h 30 : orgues et chœurs
 9 h  : répétition de la présentation des marches choisies pour le concours musical
 10 h  : le trait d'union du travail
 10 h 15 : historiettes a bâtons rompus (anecdotes historiques)
 10 h 30 : Jean Sablon
 10 h 45 : La recherche de L'âme française
 11 h 15 : nos solistes Monique de La Bruchollerie (piano) Dominique Blot (violon)
 11 h 45 : bulletin d'informations de la Radiodiffusion nationale française
 12 h  : déjeuner-concert (avec l'orchestre de Radio-Paris sous la direction de Louis Poubestier)
 12 h 30 : Cinq minutes de poésie (avec Charlotte Lydia)
 12 h 35 : salle du déjeuner-concert
 13 h  : Radio-journal de Paris (deuxième bulletin)
 13 h 15 : Radio-Paris music-hall (avec Raymond Legrand et son orchestre et Ninon Guérald)
 13 h 35 : La tribune de midi
 13 h 40 : suite de Radio-Paris music-hall
 14 h  : revue de la presse du Radio-journal de Paris
 14 h 15 : pour nos jeunes (le guignol à Radio-Paris)
 14 h 45 : Charles Panzéra (au piano d'accompagnement : ) : La Belle Meunière
 15 h  : Pensées nouvelles pour de jours nouveaux, « La communauté et le sens mystique »
 15 h 15 : Barnabás von Géczy
 15 h 30 : Radio-journal de Paris (troisième bulletin)
 16 h  : festival Richard Wagner
 17 h  : Poil de carotte (comédie de Jules Renard)
 17 h 45 : quelques chansons
 18 h 15 : l'orchestre Van de Walle
 18 h 45 : l'actualité sportive
 19 h : La Fille de madame Angot de Lecocq (sélection radiophonique avec André Baugé)
 19 h 40 : La Rose des vents
 19 h 50 : concours (du Centre d'initiatives contre le chômage
 20 h : Radio-journal de Paris (dernier bulletin)
 20 h 15 : cocktail d'orchestres
 20 h 45 : Le docteur Friedrich vous parle…
 21 h : fin d'émission

Émissions

Émissions de 1924 à 1933
 Avec quoi faisons-nous ce bruit ? : jeu radiophonique créé en 1925 et présenté par Jean Nohain, dans lequel les auditeurs doivent deviner l'objet source du bruit entendu dans leur poste récepteur en envoyant leurs réponse par courrier. Il s'agit du premier jeu radiophonique avec réponse des auditeurs par courrier postal.
 Les documents de l'Histoire : première émission radiophonique consacrée à l'Histoire, créée en 1928.

Émissions de 1940 à 1944
 Le Coffre aux souvenirs : émission musicale de Pierre Hiégel.
 Chez l'amateur de disques : émission de Pierre Hiégel consacrée à la collection de disques.
 La belle musique : émission musicale de Pierre Hiégel.
 Ce disque est pour vous : émission musicale de Pierre Hiégel.
 Cette heure est à vous : émission musicale de Pierre Hiégel.
 Le cœur de Paris : émission fantaisie de Pierre Hiégel
 Les marionnettes de la  République : émission satirique de propagande anti-parlementaire et anti-républicaine du chansonnier Augustin Martini.
 La Rose des vents : émission qui sonde l'opinion française.
 La Légion des Volontaires français vous parle : émission consacrée à la Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchevisme (LVF).
 Au rythme du temps : émission de Georges Oltramare.
 Les Juifs contre la France : cabaret antisémite animé par Georges Oltramare et diffusé jusqu'au .
 Un neutre vous parle : chronique personnelle du Suisse Georges Oltramare.
 Les Mots historiques : émission d'histoire de Mark Amiaux traitant de l'histoire populaire et anecdotique (histoire d'alcôve, histoire de famille, histoire d'argent).
 Un Journaliste allemand vous parle : émission animée par le docteur Friedrich et diffusée chaque dimanche à  à partir d'.
 L'école familiale : émission de radio scolaire diffusée à partir du . Les corrigés sont publiés dans l'hebdomadaire Les Ondes.

Animateurs et comédiens

 André Alléhaut (1940-1944)
 Mark Amiaux (1940-1944)
 Germaine Batisse (1924-1933)
 Luc Bérimont (1940-1944)
 François Julien Bontemps (Bill-Bockett) (1928-1933)
 André Claveau (1942-1944)
 André Gaudelette (1924-1933)
 André Gorius (1924-1933)
 Pierre Hiégel (1940-1944)
 Marcel Laporte (Radiolo) (1924-1926)
 Pierre Lhande (1924-1933)
 Geneviève Maquet (1940-1944)
 Augustin Martini (1940-1944)
 Jean Nohain (Jaboune) (1924-1933)
 Horace Novel (1940-1944)

Journalistes

 Jean-Henri Azéma (1940-1944)
 Robert de Beauplan (1942-1944)
 Alain de Berthois (1940-1944)
 Edmond Dehorter (Le Parleur Inconnu) (1924-1933)
 Pierre Ducrocq (1940-1944)
 Docteur Friedrich (1941-1944)
 Philippe Henriot (1943-1944)
 Jean Hérold-Paquis (1942-1944)
 René-Louis Jolivet (1940-1944)
 Jean Lousteau (1940-1944)
 Georges Oltramare (1941-1944)
 Léo Poldès (1924-1933)
 Maurice Vinot (1924-1933)

Diffusion
Radio-Paris est d'abord diffusée uniquement en région parisienne depuis un émetteur de faible puissance situé au 84 rue du Landy à Clichy La Garenne. La station occupe la longueur d'onde  grandes ondes () de 1924 à 1925,  GO () de 1925 à 1928,  GO () de 1928 à 1929,  GO () de 1929 à 1930, puis  GO () de 1930 à 1931.

En 1931, la Compagnie Française de Radiophonie (CFR) fait construire pour Radio-Paris un nouvel émetteur au lieu-dit La Ferme de Châtillon, à Saint-Rémy-l'Honoré (près des Essarts-le-Roi en Seine-et-Oise) formé d'une antenne horizontale, qui s'enroule telle une toile d'araignée, entreportée par trois pylônes de  de hauteur et distants d'environ  et qui émet sur  GO () à une puissance de  de 1931 à 1933, qui passe à  de 1933 à 1934. Radio-Paris adopte sa longueur d'onde définitive de  GO () en 1934.

La mise en service en 1938 par l'administration des PTT du centre émetteur ondes longues d'Allouis, baptisé le « National » et qui est constitué de deux émetteurs de  et de quatre pylônes supports d'antennes hauts de , permet à Radio-Paris, fraîchement nationalisée, de rayonner à une puissance de  (ci qui en fait l'émetteur le plus puissant du monde) sur sa longueur d'onde de  GO sur tout le territoire national et une partie de l'Europe occidentale de 1936 à 1940.

La version allemande de Radio-Paris bénéficie par réquisition du puissant émetteur en ondes moyennes de  de l'ex Poste Parisien, installé aux Molières (Seine-et-Oise), et qui peut être entendu sur tout le territoire français mais aussi dans une grande partie de l'Europe et en Afrique du Nord sur la longueur d'onde de  (959 kHz). Les émetteurs régionaux en ondes moyennes de la zone occupée sont tous remis en état de fonctionnement par l'armée allemande et permettent à Radio-Paris d'être relayée par l'émetteur de Rennes Thourie () sur  (ex Radio Rennes Bretagne PTT) à partir du , de Rennes Alma () sur , de Louvetot () sur  (ex Radio Normandie), puis par l'émetteur de 100 kW de Bordeaux Néac (ex Radio Bordeaux-Lafayette PTT) dès le  (OM ) et celui de  de Bordeaux SO sur  pour le Sud de la France. La nuit, Radio-Paris émet sur une longueur d'onde synchronisée sur  sur tous ses émetteurs ondes moyennes afin de déjouer les attaques aériennes des Anglais qui peuvent se diriger grâce aux émetteurs de chaque région.

L'émetteur grandes ondes d'Allouis est remis en service par les Allemands le . Radio-Paris y est diffusée sur son ancienne fréquence de . À partir du , l'émetteur ondes longues diffuse le même programme que sur ondes moyennes de  à , un programme musical différent des OM de  à , puis reprend le bulletin d'informations des OM de  à . La Résistance fait sauter l'émetteur ondes longues d'Allouis le , endommageant partiellement les installations et rendant inaudible Radio-Paris pour une partie de la France pendant quelques jours. À partir de l'été 1942, Radio-Paris semble ne plus utiliser les grandes ondes, dont l'un des émetteurs est consacré au brouillage des émissions grandes ondes de la BBC sur . En 1943, la longueur d'onde de  GO est affecté au relais de la  de la radiodiffusion allemande. Le centre ondes longues d'Allouis est dynamité et complètement détruit par les Allemands en retraite le .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Radiola
 Radiodiffusion nationale
 Radio nationale
 L'Information permanente
 Paris sous l'Occupation allemande
 Censure sous l'occupation allemande en France
 Le Poste Parisien
 Cahiers de Radio-Paris

Lien externe
 Fiche de Radio-Paris sur 100ansderadio.free.fr

Entreprise française disparue
Entreprise disparue en 1944
Entreprise des médias disparue
Radio à Paris
Station de radio disparue en France
Radiodiffusion de la propagande nazie
Média collaborationniste en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Station de radio historique
Station de radio fondée en 1924
Station de radio disparue en 1944
Radio publique en France

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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HomecourtsLawyer Joseph Kamau Kania goes head to head with KCB over his...
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Lawyer Joseph Kamau Kania goes head to head with KCB over his sacking seeks reinstalments or compensation
Lawyer Joseph Kamau Kania, a Former KCB Group company secretary has moved to court seeking reinstatement as an employee of the bank or be compensated for illegal sacking that left him jobless three years ago.
Before his sacking, the Lawyer was the KCB Group company secretary restructuring of the lender in 2021 that saw some executives dropped.
In court he was represented Through senior counsel Wilfred Nderitu and in his submission, the learned counsel wants the court to order KCB Group to without any condition reinstate him to employment and without altering any of the contractual terms until his retirement in December 2025.
"A declaration that the factual and legal circumstances of the Petitioner's termination of employment were insufficient and inappropriate to infer a redundancy against him, and that any redundancy declared by the KCB Group in relation to him was therefore null, void and of no legal effect and amounted to a violation of his fundamental right to fair labour practices as guaranteed in Article 41(1) of the Constitution," he told the court through lawyer Kamau
In more detailed documents filed at the Employment and Labour Relations Court, the career law banker seeks the court to declare the reorganization of the company structure a nullity and amounted to a violation of his fundamental right to fair labour practices as guaranteed in Article 41(1) of the Constitution.
His lawyer further wants the court to declare that the position of Group Company Secretary did not at any time cease to exist within the KCB Group structure.
At the same court he has opposed the newly company secretary Bonne Okumu, his former assistant of illegally and unprocedurally taking up his position.
Kamau says he was subjected to discriminatory practices by the KCB Bank Group in violation of his fundamental right to equality and freedom from discrimination as guaranteed in Article 27 of the Constitution and the termination of his employment was unfair, unjustified, illegal, null and void.
Lawyer Kamau further seeks the court to declare that the Non-Compete Clause in the 2016 Contract is unenforceable by the KCB Group as against him and is voidable by him as against the Bank ab initio, by reason of the termination of the Petitioner's employment having been a violation of Articles 41(1) and 47(1) and (2) of the Constitution, and of the Employment Act
He also wants the Employment Court to find that finding that KCB's group legal representation by Messrs of Mohammed Muigai LLP Advocates law firm in respect of his claim for unlawful termination of employment resulted in a clear conflict of interest by reason of the fact that a Founding and Senior Partner at the said firm lawyer Mohammed Nyaoga is also the Chairman of the CBK's Board of Directors.
"A Declaration that the circumstances of KCB's legal representation by Messrs. Mohammed Muigai LLP Advocates resulted in a violation of the Petitioner's fundamental right to have the employment dispute decided independently and impartially, as guaranteed in Article 50(1) of the Constitution," seeks lawyer Kamau.
Kamau is seeking damages against both KCB Group and Central Bank of Kenya jointly and severally for the violation of his constitutional and fundamental right to fair labour practices.
He wants further wants court to declare that CBK is liable to petitioner on account of its breach of statutory duty to effectively regulate KCB Group to ensure that KCB complied with the Central Bank of Kenya Prudential Guidelines and all other Laws, Rules, Codes and Standards, and that, as an issuer of securities, it complied with capital markets legislation.
Kamau through his lawyer Nderitu told the court that he was involved in Shareholder engagement in introducing the Group aide-mémoire that significantly improved the management of the Annual General Meetings, including obtaining approval without voting through the Memorandum and Articles of Association of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited among others.
He said that during his employment at KCB Bank Kenya and with the KCB Group, he initially worked well with former KCB CEO Joseph Oigara until 2016 when the CEO allegedly started sidelining him by removing the legal function from his reporting line.
He further claims he was transferred from the Group's offices at Kencom House to its offices Upper Hill under the guise that the Petitioner was merely to support the KCB Group Board.
He adds that at that point his roles were given to Okumu for reasons that were not related to work demands.
He stated that Oigara at one time proposed that he should leave his role in the KCB Group and go and serve as the Company Secretary of the National Bank of Kenya Limited, a subsidiary of the Group, a suggestion which he disagreed with to Oigara's utter annoyance.
Kamau stated that his work was thenceforth unfairly discredited, leading to his being taken through a disciplinary process whose intended outcome failed miserably, and the Petitioner was vindicated.
"More specifically, the Petitioner contends that the purported creation of a new organizational structure towards the end of 2020 was in fact Oigara's orchestration targeted to remove certain individuals by requiring them to undergo interviews in the pretext that new roles were created, and amounted to a further violation of the Petitioner's fundamental right to fair labour practices under Article 41(1) of the Constitution," said in his court documents.
He further adds that this sham reorganization demonstrates how the role of the KCB Group Company Secretary purportedly ceased to be and was then very briefly replaced with a new role of the KCB Group General Counsel. The role of KCB Group Company Secretary then 'resurfaced' immediately thereafter, in total violation of legal and regulatory requirements.
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Nursery Is Provided During Worship For Ages 5 Years Old and Below.
East shore church is a handicapped accessible Church.
We have handicapped parking and an elevator that leads to EVERY floor.
come and be our guest!