text:
UNMC › Blogs › News & Events › September 3, 2014 – "Health 2030: The Edge of Tomorrow."
Archives – The Groundbreaker
Subscribe – The Groundbreaker
September 3, 2014 – "Health 2030: The Edge of Tomorrow."
by COPH Staff | July 12, 2014
Ali Khan, MD, MPH
College of Public Health Grand Rounds
MCPH 3013
"Health 2030: The Edge of Tomorrow." Presented by Ali Khan, MD, MPH, Dean, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center.
Describe key demographic and other population changes over the next decade.
Analyze the drivers for changes in the health system over the next decade.
Evaluate and implement strategies to capitalize on the changing health landscape.
Lunch provided for first 50 attendees. Bring your own beverage.
This entry was posted in Grand Rounds & Seminars. Bookmark the permalink.
← A Note to Our Readers:
September 24, 2014 – Research Data Management Session →
Search Archives Select Category Alumni Highlight Community Advisory COPH Notable Mentions COPH Picks COPH Projects Eastern Nebraska Education Highlight Events Faculty Highlight Featured Stories Global Health CGHAD Grand Rounds & Seminars Health Policy International News Latest Headlines Local News National News Public Health Practice Research Spotlight COPH Research Student Research Conference Seminars Slide show Standing With Japan Student Highlight The GroundBreaker A Note to Our Readers Special Edition Dec 2012 Vol. 1 / Is. 01, May 2011 Vol. 1 / Is. 02, Jun 2011 Vol. 1 / Is. 03, Jul 2011 Vol. 2 / Is. 01, Jan 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 02, Feb 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 03, Mar 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 04, Apr 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 05, May 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 06, Jun 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 07, Jul 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 08, Aug 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 09, Sep 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 10, Oct 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 11, Nov 2012 Vol. 2 / Is. 12, Dec 2012 Vol. 3 / Is. 01, Jan 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 02 Feb 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 03 Mar 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 04, Apr 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 05, May 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 06, Jun 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 07, Jul 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 08, Aug 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 09, Sep 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 10, Oct 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 11, Nov 2013 Vol. 3 / Is. 12, Dec 2013 Vol. 4 / Is. 01 Jan, 2014 Vol. 4 / Is. 02, Feb 2014 Vol. 4 / Is. 03, Mar 2014 Vol. 4 / Is. 04, Apr 2014 Vol. 4 / Is. 05, May 2014 Vol. 4. / Is. 06, Sep/Oct 2014 Vol. 4. / Is. 07, Nov/Dec 2014 Vol. 5 / Is. 01, Jan/Feb 2015 Vol. 5. / Is. 02, Mar/Apr 2015 Vol. 5. / Is. 03, May/Jun 2015 Vol. 5. / Is. 04, Sep 2015 Vol. 5. / Is. 05, Oct 2015 Vol. 5. / Is. 06, Nov 2015 Vol. 5. / Is. 07, Dec 2015 Vol. 6 / Is. 01, Jan 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 02, Feb 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 03, Mar 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 04, Apr 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 05, May 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 06, Sep 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 07, Oct 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 08, Nov 2016 Vol. 6 / Is. 09, Dec 2016 Vol. 7/ Is. 01, Jan 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 02, Feb 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 03, Mar 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 04, Apr 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 05, May 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 06, Sep 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 07, Oct 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 08, Nov 2017 Vol. 7/ Is. 09, Dec 2017 Vol. 8/ Is. 01, Jan 2018 Vol. 8/ Is. 02, Feb 2018 Vol. 8/ Is. 03, Mar 2018 Vol. 8/ Is. 04, Apr 2018 Vol. 8/ Is. 05, May 2018 Vol.1 / Is. 04, Aug 2011 Vol.1 / Is. 05, Sep 2011 Vol.1 / Is. 06, Oct 2011 Vol.1 / Is. 07, Nov 2011 Vol.1 / Is. 08, Dec 2011 Uncategorized Western Nebraska
Nursing college continues to move up in graduate online ranks January 25, 2023
U.S. News & World Report puts the UNMC College of Nursing in the top half of its rankings.
Jeffrey Robb
UNMC researchers highlight cancer risks for Nebraska farmers January 11, 2023
A study was published in the December issue of the Journal of Rural Health.
UNMC hosts Bangladeshi health delegation January 9, 2023
The visit reflects UNMC's efforts to expand its global health network.
UNMC researcher tracks changing liver cancer trends January 6, 2023
Evi Farazi, PhD, of the UNMC College of Public Health, publishes a multiyear study on hepatocellular carcinoma.
2022: UNMC's year in review December 30, 2022
UNMC Today walks back through a 2022 filled with major accomplishments for UNMC.


Everyone's skin ages differently and JUVÉDERM® XC may be used to rejuvenate multiple problem areas. From smile lines to vertical lip lines, you can smooth away unwanted wrinkles and restore natural contours. Learn more about the individual treatment areas by rolling over the list below.
JUVÉDERM® XC is the ONLY hyaluronic acid (HA) filler FDA approved*to last up to one year with one treatment (did we just say a year?). That's right, up to a year.
JUVÉDERM®XC injectable gel is now formulated with lidocaine, a common anesthetic used to improve the comfort of treatment.
Because JUVÉDERM® XC is a simple, nonsurgical wrinkle treatment*, there is minimal recovery or downtime (and the results are instant!). So you can make an appointment to stop by your healthcare professional's office for treatment on the way home from work or the gym, or even while the kids are at soccer practice—and get right back to your daily routine. Here's what to expect when you visit your healthcare professional's office for treatment.
Some doctors recommend that you avoid any medications that can prolong bleeding, such as aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs), for at least a week prior to receiving the treatment for wrinkles in order to reduce the risk of bruising and bleeding at the injection site. Ask your healthcare professional what he or she recommends.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the quali9 of tannin from the bark of Acacia decurrens Willd. and its utilization as a raw material for adhesive in the manufacturing ofAcacia mangium Willd. flbreboards. Ground barks of A. decurrens (40-60 mesh) was extracted with water at 60, 70, and 80 'C for 2, 3, atqi 4 hvurs. Upon evaporation of the extract, fbe total tannin content, condensed tannin centent and warer solubility of the tannin were determined. The tannin exfrad was then used as an adhesive in the preparation offlbreboards at concentrations of 0, 2,4, and 6% (based an oven-dried fiber weight). Physical properties (moisture content, density, swelling) and mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) of the prepared fibreboards were measured. The results showed that extraction of ground barks of A. decurrens at 80 'C for 3 hours gave tannin ofthe highest quality compared to that obtained with the other extraction conditions. Furfhermore, increasing the tannin-formaldehyde concentration generally improved the physical and mechanicalproperfies of theflbreboards.


The speed at which encrypt and decrypt operations may be performed in a general purpose processor is increased by providing a separate encrypt data path and decrypt data path. With separate data paths, each of the data paths may be individually optimized in order to reduce delays in a critical path. In addition, delays may be hidden in a non-critical last round.
1. An apparatus comprising:an aes encrypt data path to receive data and an encrypt round key for an aes round, the aes encrypt data path to perform a sequence of round operations on the received data using the encrypt round key to provide a next encrypted data to a next aes encrypt round; andan aes decrypt data path to receive the data and a decrypt round key for the aes decrypt round, the aes decrypt data path to perform a sequence of inverse round operations on the received data using the decrypt round key in parallel with the aes encrypt data path to provide a next decrypted data to a next aes decrypt round.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a last aes encrypt round separate from the aes encrypt data path to receive a subbytes operation result for the last encrypt round and to perform an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the subbytes operation result and the last encrypt round key to produce the encrypted result.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:a last aes decrypt round separate from the aes decrypt data path to receive an inverse subbytes operation result for the last decrypt round and to perform an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the inverse subbytes operation result and the last decrypt round key to produce the decrypted result.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:a selector to select the encrypted result or the decrypted result dependent on a selectable mode.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the selectable mode is encrypt and the encrypted result is selected as a valid result.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the selectable mode is decrypt and the decrypted result is selected as a valid result.
7. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising:a first register to store the encrypted result; anda second register to store the decrypted result.
8. A method comprising:in an aes encrypt data path, performing a sequence of round operations on received data using an encrypt round key to provide a next encrypted data to a next aes encrypt round; andin an aes decrypt data path, performing a sequence of inverse round operations on the received data using a decrypt round key to provide a next decrypted data to a next aes decrypt round, the sequence of inverse round operations to be performed in parallel with the sequence of round operations.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:receiving a subbytes operation result for the last encrypt round by a last aes encrypt round separate from the aes encrypt data path; andperforming an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the subbytes operation result and the last encrypt round key to produce the encrypted result.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:receiving an inverse subbytes operation result for the last decrypt round by a last aes decrypt round separate from the aes decrypt data path; andperforming an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the inverse subbytes operation result and the last decrypt round key to produce the decrypted result.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:selecting the encrypted result or the decrypted result as a valid result dependent on a selectable mode.
12. The method of claim 1 1, wherein the selectable mode is encrypt and the encrypted result is selected as a valid result.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the selectable mode is decrypt and the decrypted result is selected as a valid result.
14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:storing the encrypted result in a first register; andstoring the decrypted result in a second register.
15. A system comprising:a dynamic random access memory to store data and instructions; anda processor coupled to said memory to execute the instructions, the processor comprising:an execution unit to perform a sequence of operations for an aes instruction, the execution unit comprising an aes data path, the aes data path comprising:an aes encrypt data path to receive data and an encrypt round key for an aes round, the aes encrypt data path to perform a sequence of round operations on the received data using the encrypt round key to provide a next encrypted data to a next aes encrypt round; andan aes decrypt data path to receive the data and a decrypt round key for the aes decrypt round, the aes decrypt data path to perform a sequence of inverse round operations on the received data using the decrypt round key in parallel with the aes encrypt data path to provide a next decrypted data to a next aes decrypt round.
16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:a last aes encrypt round separate from the aes encrypt data path to receive a subbytes operation result for the last encrypt round and to perform an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the subbytes operation result and the last encrypt round key to produce the encrypted result.
17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:a last aes decrypt round separate from the aes decrypt data path to receive an inverse subbytes operation result for the last decrypt round and to perform an exclusive OR (XOR) operation on the inverse subbytes operation result and the last decrypt round key to produce the decrypted result.
18. The system of claim 17, further comprising:a selector to select the encrypted result or the decrypted result dependent on a selectable mode.
This disclosure relates to cryptographic algorithms and in particular to the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm.
Cryptology is a tool that relies on an algorithm and a key to protect information. The algorithm is a complex mathematical algorithm and the key is a string of bits. There are two basic types of cryptology systems: secret key systems and public key systems. A secret key system also referred to as a symmetric system has a single key ("secret key") that is shared by two or more parties. The single key is used to both encrypt and decrypt information.
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 197 is a secret key system. AES is a symmetric block cipher that can encrypt and decrypt information.
Encryption (cipher) performs a series of transformations using the secret key (cipher key) to transforms intelligible data referred to as "plaintext" into an unintelligible form referred to as "cipher text". The transformations in the cipher include (1) Adding a round key (value derived from the cipher key) to the state (a two dimensional array of bytes) using a Exclusive OR (XOR) operation; (2) Processing the state using a non-linear byte substitution table (S-Box) (3) Cyclically shifting the last three rows of the state by different offsets; and (4) Taking all of the columns of the state and mixing their data (independently of one another) to produce new columns.
Decryption (inverse cipher) performs a series of transformations using the cipher key to transform the "cipher text" blocks into "plaintext" blocks of the same size. The transformations in the inverse cipher are the inverse of the transformations in the cipher.
The Rijindael algorithm is specified in the AES standard to process data blocks of 128 bits, using cipher keys with lengths of 128, 192 and 256 bits. The different key lengths are typically referred to as AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256.
The AES algorithm transforms the plaintext into cipher text or cipher text into plaintext in 10, 12, or 14 consecutive rounds, with the number of rounds dependent on the length of the key.
FIG. 5 is a flow graph illustrating the flow of an aes instruction through the aes data path in the execution unit shown in FIG. 4.
Although the following Detailed Description will proceed with reference being made to illustrative embodiments of the claimed subject matter, many alternatives, modifications, and variations thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended that the claimed subject matter be viewed broadly, and be defined only as set forth in the accompanying claims.
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is a compute intensive algorithm that is typically performed in software or in a special purpose processor. Thus, encryption is typically only used for encrypting a subset of the information stored in computers, for example, information that may be classified as "top secret". However, there is a need to encrypt more of the information that is stored on computers. For example, if all information stored on a mobile computer was encrypted, this information would be protected in the event that the mobile computer was stolen.
Typically, a series of transformations for both encrypt and decrypt are combined into a single data path. This results in the addition of delays due to the need to determine at various stages whether the operation being performed is encryption or decryption in order to select the appropriate transformation. As the delay is added to the critical path it reduces the speed at which the encrypt/decrypt operations may be performed.
An embodiment of the present invention increases the speed at which encrypt and decrypt round operations may be performed in a general purpose processor by separating the encrypt and decrypt data paths. With the paths separated, each path may be individually optimized to reduce delays. In addition delays may be hidden in the non-critical last round. The last round does not perform the fourth transformation in the cipher, that is, taking all of the columns of the state and mixing their data independently of each other to produce new columns.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system 100 that includes an aes data path 103 for performing AES encrypt or decrypt round operations in a general purpose processor. The system 100 includes a processor 101, a Memory Controller Hub (MCH) 102 and an Input/Output (I/O) Controller Hub (ICH) 104. The MCH 102 includes a memory controller 106 that controls communication between the processor 101 and memory 108. The processor 101 and MCH 102 communicate over a system bus 116. The processor 101 may be any one of a plurality of processors such as a single core Intel® Pentium IV® processor, a single core Intel Celeron processor, an Intel® XScale processor or a multi-core processor such as Intel® Pentium D, Intel® Xeon® processor, or Intel® Core® Duo processor or any other type of processor. The aes data path 103 in the processor 101 may perform aes encrypt and decrypt round operations on data that may be stored in memory 108 and/or stored in the storage device 112.
The memory 108 may be Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronized Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2) RAM or Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) or any other type of memory.
The ICH 104 may be coupled to the MCH 102 using a high speed chip-to-chip interconnect 114 such as Direct Media Interface (DMI). DMI supports 2 Gigabit/second concurrent transfer rates via two unidirectional lanes.
The ICH 104 may include a storage I/O controller 110 for controlling communication with at least one storage device 112 coupled to the ICH 104. The storage device may be, for example, a disk drive, Digital Video Disk (DVD) drive, Compact Disk (CD) drive, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), tape drive or other storage device. The ICH 104 may communicate with the storage device 112 over a storage protocol interconnect 118 using a serial storage protocol such as, Serial Attached Small Computer System Interface (SAS) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA).
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the processor 101 shown in FIG. 1. Processor 101 includes a fetch and decode unit 206 for decoding processor instructions received from Level 1 (L1) instruction cache 202. Data to be used for executing the instruction may be stored in register file 208. In one embodiment, the register file 208 includes a plurality of 128-bit registers, which are used by an aes instruction to store data for use by the aes instruction.
In one embodiment, the register file is a group of 128-bit registers similar to the 128-bit MMX registers provided in Intel Pentium MMX Processors that have a Streaming (Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)) Extension (SSE) Instruction set. In a SIMD processor, data is processed in 128-bit blocks which may be loaded at one time. The 128-bit registers allow instructions to be applied to a 128-bit block (16 bytes) in one operation.
The fetch and decode unit 206 fetches macroinstructions from L1 instruction cache 202, decodes the macroinstructions and breaks them into simple operations called micro operations (μops). The execution unit 210 schedules and executes the micro operations. In the embodiment shown, the aes data path 103 in the execution unit 210 includes micro operations for an aes instruction. The retirement unit 212 writes the results of executed instructions to registers or memory.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a portion of the processor 101 shown in FIG. 1 that includes an embodiment of an execution unit 210 shown in FIG. 2 for performing AES encrypt and decrypt according to the principles of the present invention.
AES has a fixed block size of 128 bits and a key size of 128, 192 or 256 bits and operates on a 4×4 (16 bytes (128-bit fixed block size)) array of bytes, which is referred to as the `state`. The AES algorithm transforms a 128-bit plaintext block into a 128-bit block of cipher text (encrypts) or a 128-bit block of cipher text into a 128-bit block of plaintext (decrypts) in 10, 12, or 14 consecutive rounds, with the number of rounds dependent on the key size (128, 192 or 256-bits).
Table 1 below shows an example of the 128-bit result of performing AES encryption using a 128-bit key on a 128-bit block input.
Upon decoding the aes instruction, a number of parameters to be used to control the flow in each aes round are stored in a control register 322. The parameters include the size of the key (128-bits, 192-bits or 256-bits), number of rounds (1, 10, 12 or 14), the type of operation (encrypt/decrypt) and whether there is a special last round. AES micro operations perform n rounds of AES accordingly based on the value of n. With a number of rounds value of 10, 12, 14, the aes micro operations may perform the current standard aes for key sizes of 128-bits, 192-bits or 256-bits. By allowing the type of round (last or not last) to be programmable, an AES-like cipher with 20 rounds (with an AES-style last round), or only a "one round" pass may be performed using the same aes instruction and aes micro operations.
When the operation (op) that is selected is encrypt (cipher), the AES data path 103 performs a series of transformations using a secret key (cipher key) to transform intelligible data referred to as "plaintext" into an unintelligible form referred to as "cipher text" as shown above in Table 1. The transformations in the cipher that are performed by the aes data path 103 for each of the rounds (1, 10, 12 or 14) with a round key 328 provided by an on-the-fly key scheduler 300 include: (1) adding a round key (value derived from the cipher key) to the state (a two dimensional array of bytes) using a Exclusive OR (XOR) operation; (2) processing the state using a non-linear byte substitution table (S-Box); (3) cyclically shifting the last three rows of the state by different offsets; and (4) taking all of the columns of the state and mixing their data (independently of one another) to produce new columns. If the "special_last_round" is "true" transformation (4) is not performed for the last round.
The register file 304 has a plurality of 128-bit registers (REG) which may be used by the AES instruction. One of the 128-bit registers REG[src] is designated to store a source operand for the first aes round and another one of the 128-bit registers REG[dst] to store the result of the aes instruction. A 128-bit data block to be encrypted or decrypted by the aes instruction is loaded into a source register 306 in the register file 304 prior to issuing the aes instruction. The source operand is transformed in a number of rounds (1, 10, 12 or 14) to provide the result of the encrypt/decrypt of the 128-bit source data. The source operand may be 128-bits of plaintext to be encrypted using the key or 128-bits of cipher text to be decrypted using the key.
After an aes instruction has been decoded by the fetch and decode unit 206, the execution of the aes instruction by the execution unit 210 involves performing the micro operations associated with the aes instruction. The execution unit 210 retrieves the source operand and the original key that are stored in the register file 304 prior to performing the encrypt or decrypt operation using the micro operations for the aes instruction. In the embodiment shown, the source operand [SRC] (128-bit block state) is stored in register 306 and the 128-bit, 192-bit or 256-bit key is stored in register(s) 308, 310 in the register file 304. In the case of a 128-bit key, the entire 128-bits of the key are stored in one of the 128-bit registers in the register file 304, for example, register 308. For key sizes greater than 128 bits, the most significant bits (greater than 128 bits) are stored in another 128-bit register, for example, register 310. The key size parameter for the aes instruction indicates whether the key is stored in one register or more than one register in the register file 304. The one or more registers in the register file 304 that store the key are not modified during the execution of the aes instruction. In other embodiments other registers in the register file 304 may be used to store the key and the source operand. After the execution of the aes instruction is complete, the result [DST] is stored in register 312 in the register file 304.
In order to reduce the memory required for storing the expanded key (that is, the round keys for each of the 10, 12 or 14 rounds) associated with the key, the execution unit 210 includes an on-the-fly key scheduler 300. Instead of pre-generating the expanded key and storing it in a table, the on-the-fly key scheduler 300 generates the encrypt/decrypt "round key" 328 on-the-fly, that is, as it is needed for the next aes round. The encrypt/decrypt round key 328 is forwarded to the aes datapath 103 for use in the next aes round. The on-the-fly scheduler 300 includes a 256-bit key register 324 to store the original key from which the expanded key is generated. The original key is loaded into the 256-bit key register from one or both registers 308, 310 in the register file 304 dependent on the size of the key (128, 192 or 256).
The key expansion 326 expands the n-bytes of the original key stored in register 304 into b-bytes of an expanded key with the first n-bytes of the expanded key being the original key. For example, for a 128-bit key, the 128-bit key is expanded into a 176-bytes expanded key, that is, 11×16-bytes, with the first 16-bytes being the original 128-bit key, and thus the number of rounds is 10. The 24 bytes of a 192-bit key are expanded into 208 bytes (13×16 bytes) to provide 12 "round keys" one for each of the 12 rounds and the 32 bytes of a 256-bit key are expanded into 240 bytes (15×16 bytes) to provide 14 "round keys" one for each of the 14 rounds.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the aes data path 103 shown in FIG. 3. The aes data path 103 includes two independent data paths: an encrypt data path 400 and a decrypt data path 402. The encrypt data path (cipher) 400 performs an aes encrypt round and includes micro operations for the following stages: block state 404, SubBytes (S-box) 408, shift rows 406, mix columns 410 and add round key 412. The decrypt data path (inverse cipher ) 402 performs an aes decrypt round and includes micro operations for the following stages: Inverse ShiftRows 416, Inverse SubBytes (S-Box) 418, Inverse MixColumns 420 and Add Round Key 422. In another embodiment the round operation sequence for the decrypt data path 402 may reverse the Inverse MixColumns 420 and Add Round Key 422 with the sequence of operations being performed in the following order: Inverse ShiftRows 416, Inverse SubBytes (S-Box) 418, Add Round Key 422 and Inverse Mix Columns 420.
From an architectural visibility, there is exactly one state which is shared across the encrypt data path 400 and the decrypt data path 402. When the initial state is loaded, both block state 404 and block state 414 are loaded with the same value through respective multiplexers 432, 434. The encrypt round key and decrypt round key are registered separately by providing a separate block state 404, 414 for the aes encrypt data path 400 and the aes decrypt data path 402. For example, encrypt round key 436 is directed to block state 404 and decrypt round key 438 is directed to block state 406. After each aes encrypt/decrypt round, each block state 404, 414 is updated with the respective next aes round value from the respective add round key stage 412, 430. However, only one block state value is valid dependent on whether the mode of operation is encrypt or decrypt.
The output of the last encrypt round from the encryption data path 400 is stored in register 422. The output of the last decrypt round from the decrypt data path 402 is stored in register 424. A multiplexer 426 is added after the aes encrypt data path 400 and aes decrypt data path 402 to select whether the output of the last aes round is taken from the aes encrypt data path 400 or the aes decrypt data path 402. Multiplexer 426 allows the result of the last round from the aes encrypt path or the result of the last round from the aes decrypt path 402 to be output as the result of the aes instruction based on whether the mode is encrypt or decrypt.
By separating the aes encrypt data path 400 and the aes decrypt data path 402, additional logic that is used at various stages for selecting whether the aes operation is encrypt or decrypt is not needed. Thus, critical path delay through the aes data path 103 is reduced.
Furthermore, the aes encrypt data path 400 and the aes decrypt data path 402 may be individually optimized. For example, the inverse mix columns 420 in the aes decrypt data path 402 incurs more delay that the corresponding mix columns 410 in the aes encrypt data path 400 due to additional Exclusive OR (XOR) gates. By separating the aes encrypt data path 400 and the aes decrypt data path 402, this additional delay is removed from the critical path of the aes encrypt data path 400.
The final round value is bypassed from the encrypt data path 400 and decrypt data path 402 before being registered in respective registers 422, 424 and prior to the mix-column transforms (mix columns 410 in the encrypt path, and inverse mix columns 422 in the decrypt data path). An Add round key (final) stage 420 is added for performing the add round key operation for the final aes round for encryption. An Add round key (final) stage 430 is added for performing the add round key operation for the final aes round for decryption. The additional add round key (final) stages 420, 430 are separated from the encrypt data path 400 and the decrypt data path 402. Thus, this results in a decrease in the critical path delay in the final aes encrypt round and the final aes decrypt round.
Furthermore, as the inverse mix columns 420 is not performed in the final aes decrypt round and the mix columns 410 is not performed in the final aes encrypt round, the additional delay due to multiplexer 426 is hidden in the non-critical final decrypt/encrypt aes round. The delay appears to be hidden because no additional delay is added to the aes encrypt path 400 and the delay added through add round key final 428 and multiplexer 426 is less than the delay through Mix Columns 410.
The encrypt/decrypt mode selects whether the encrypt value or the decrypt value is valid and the valid result is output through multiplexer 426. The reduction in the critical path delay due to the partitioning of the aes data path 103 into separate aes encrypt/decrypt data paths 400, 402 allows for a corresponding increase in the processor's clock frequency.
As discussed, an encryption and a decryption operation is performed on a 128-bit block state in parallel and the valid result (either the encrypt or decrypt result) of the operation is output. The flow through the aes encrypt data path 400 and the aes decrypt data path 402 for performing an encrypt/decrypt operation on a 128-bit block is described below.
When the fetch and decode unit 206 decodes an aes instruction, the original key and the data block (128-bits) to be encrypted that are stored in the register file 304 are forwarded to the aes encrypt path 400 and the aes decrypt path 402 in the aes data path 103 for processing. A multiplexer 432 selects whether the respective input to the block states 404, 414 is taken from the register file 304 or is an aes round key 436 from a previous aes encrypt round or aes decrypt round.
In block state 404, the 128-bit input (state) to the aes encrypt round is added with a round key (128-bit portion of the expanded key associated with the round) using bitwise XOR to produce a 128-bit intermediate value (state).
In Shift Rows 406, the 128-bit intermediate value (state) passes through a bit-linear transform in which bytes in each row of the 4×4 array (state) are shifted cyclically to the left. The number of places each byte is shifted differs for each row in the 4×4 array.
In S-box (SubBytes) 408, each byte of the result of Shift Rows is substituted with another byte value that can be stored and retrieved from a lookup table also referred to as a substitution box or "S-Box". The S-box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n and is typically implemented as a lookup table. In one embodiment a fixed lookup table may be used. This operation provides non-linearity through the use of the inverse function over Galois Field (GF)(28). For example, the n-bit output may be found by selecting a row in the lookup table using the outer two bits of the m-bit input, and selecting the column using the inner bits of the m-bit input.
In Mix Columns 410, the results from S-Box 408 passes through a bit-linear transform in which each column of the 4×4 array (state) is treated as a polynomial over a binary Galois Field (GF)(28) and is then multiplied modulo x4+1 with a fixed polynomial c(x)=3x3+x2+x+2.
An add round key 412 after Mix Columns 410 performs an exclusive OR function on the next aes round key 328 received from the on-the-fly scheduler 300 and the result of the aes round.
A last aes encrypt round differs from the other aes decrypt rounds in that it omits the Mix Columns stage 410.
In block state 414, the 128-bit input (state) to the aes decrypt round is added with a round key (128-bit portion of the expanded key associated with the round) using bitwise XOR to produce a 128-bit intermediate value (state).
In Inverse Shift Rows 418, the inverse operation to Shift Rows 406 is performed.
In the inverse S-box (SubBytes) 416, the inverse operation to S-box 408 is performed.
In Inverse Mix Columns 420, the inverse operation to Mix Columns 410 is performed.
An add round key 422 after the Inverse Mix Columns stage 420 performs an exclusive OR function on the encrypt/decrypt round key 328 from the on-the-fly-scheduler 300 and the result of the previous aes decrypt round operation.
A last aes decrypt round differs from the other aes decrypt rounds in that it omits the Inverse Mix Columns stage 420.
In an alternate embodiment, for example, in an x86 execution pipeline, as there is an existing micro operation for XOR, in order to save area, the final XOR may be performed as an additional micro-operation instead of adding the Add round key (final) stages 430, 420. However, this embodiment results in additional latency to AES operations.
FIG. 5 is a flow graph illustrating the flow of an aes instruction through the aes data path 103 shown in FIG. 4. An encryption and a decryption operation is performed in parallel on a 128-bit block state and either the encrypt or decrypt result of the operation is output dependent on the state of the encrypt/decrypt mode.
At block 500, the 128-bit block state (4×4 array) passes through a bit-linear transform in which bytes in each row of the 4×4 array are shifted cyclically to the left. The number of places each byte is shifted differs for each row in the 4×4 array. Processing continues with block 502.
At block 501, an inverse shift rows operation for the decrypt operation is performed as defined by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 197 which will be referred to as the AES standard. Processing continues with block 503.
At block 502, a substitution operation is performed on the 128-bit block state. Each byte of the 128-bit block state is substituted with another byte value that can be stored and retrieved from a lookup table also referred to as a substitution box or "S-Box". The S-box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n and is typically implemented as a lookup table. The result is stored as a 128-bit block state. Processing continues with block 504.
At block 503, an inverse S-box lookup for the decrypt operation as defined by the AES standard is performed. Processing continues with block 505.
At block 504, a determination is made as to whether this is the last round or there are other rounds. If this is the last round, processing continues with block 510. If there are other rounds, processing continues with block 506.
At block 505, a determination is made as to whether this is the last round or there are other rounds. If this is the last round, processing continues with block 511. If there are other rounds, processing continues with block 507.
At block 506, the 128-bit block state (4×4 array) passes through passes through a bit-linear transform in which each column of the 4×4 array (state) is treated as a polynomial over GF(28) and is then multiplied modulo x4+1 with a fixed polynomial c(x)=3x3+x2+x+2. Processing continues with block 508.
At block 507, an inverse mix column operation is performed on the 128-bit block state as defined by the AES standard. Processing continues with block 509.
At block 508, the 128-bit block state input to the next round is added to the 128-bit schedule generated for the next round using bitwise XOR to produce a 128-bit block state. Processing continues with block 500 to process the next round for the 128-bit block state. Processing continues with block 500.
At block 509, the 128-bit block state input to the next round is added to the 128-bit schedule generated for the next round using bitwise XOR to produce a 128-bit block state. Processing continues with block 501.
At block 510, the 128-bit block state input to the last round is added to the 128-bit schedule generated for the last round using bitwise XOR to produce a 128-bit block state. Processing continues with block 512.
At block 511, the 128-bit block state input to the last round is added to the 128-bit schedule generated for the last round using bitwise XOR to produce a 128-bit block state. Processing continues with block 513.
At block 512, the result of the encrypt operation performed in the aes encrypt path is stored in a register. Processing continues with block 514.
At block 513, the result of the decrypt operation performed in the aes decrypt path is stored in a register. Processing continues with block 514.
At block 514, either the encrypt result from the aes encrypt path or the decrypt result from the decrypt path is returned as the result of the aes instruction.
It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that methods involved in embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in a computer program product that includes a computer usable medium. For example, such a computer usable medium may consist of a read only memory device, such as a Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD ROM) disk or conventional ROM devices, or a computer diskette, having a computer readable program code stored thereon.
While embodiments of the invention have been particularly shown and described with references to embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of embodiments of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.


Chopping Mall isn't really scary and it doesn't get you with a bunch of visually disturbing images, which is part of the reason why it didn't really have any kind of traction until it was released on VHS.
Nowadays it's developed a cult following mostly because it's dripping with 1980s nostalgia. That, mixed with an odd concept and an epic finish, and it's a recipe for tape-heads all over the world.
Chopping Mall takes place entirely inside of a multi-story shopping mall that "hires" three crime fighting robots to protect the mall after hours. But after a thunder storm, the robots go haywire and connive to kill everyone.
Meanwhile, eight teenage employees decide to throw a make-out party inside one of the department stores after it closes. They soon realize they must fight for their lives until the morning.
We almost wish that there were more backstory behind the killer robots. Then again, it's not completely unacceptable for there not to be. They were struck by lightning. That's it.
The dialogue isn't award-winning, though it's riddled with quotes akin to the kind you'd expect a movie titled Chopping Mall to have. The acting starts off way better than we expect. It's somewhat disappointing. And maybe the filmmakers realized that too, because in the 2nd half we get some insanely delivered lines.
You can put Chopping Mall in the horror genre, but it's more of a sci-fi exploitation film with horror elements. In reality, it's a more PG-13 interpretation of its title, with no real "chopping" happening at all. But it's still entertaining. Definitely good for rewatching and having a good laugh here and there. It's not perfect, but at 76 minutes, who cares?


text:
The donkey, our mascot
Diekirch, garrison town
Ordinary jurisdiction in Diekirch
Diekirch, the city of 4 bridges
Accomodation & Gastronomy
Campingsites
The Palace of Justice in Diekirch
In June 1850, the foundation stone was laid for the courthouse on Wilhelmsplatz, which was completed in late 1852.
The town of Diekirch has been the seat of the district court since 18 March 1800. It is responsible for the cantons Clerf, Diekirch, Echternach, Redingen, Vianden and Wiltz.
The building was completely restored in 2017 and 2018.
The Magistrate's Court
In the 15th century, this so-called "Billhouse" or "balancing house" was built on the foundations of a medieval building and served as a warehouse of grain and wine, the so-called tithing, which was due to the ruler.
The term "balance" is an allusion to the scalebalance (fr. "balance"), which was set up here during the "ancien regime".
The house was renovated in 1795 and since 1800 it houses the magistrate's court. It also served as a town hall until the end of the 19th century. It was enlarged in 1980 and rebuilt in 2000 for the last time.
Tourist Office Diekirch
© 2021 Tourist Office Diekirch. All rights reserved.
This website uses cookies to improve your experience and to provide personalized content. If you proceed to navigate our website, you accept our use of cookies. More infos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
«Первая пятёрка» — национальная премия в российском футболе, существующая с 2002 года. Вручается под эгидой Российского футбольного союза (РФС) Детской футбольной лигой (ДФЛ) и спортклубом «Лукойл» лучшему молодому футболисту Российской премьер-лиги по итогам уходящего года.

Лауреаты премии определяются по опросам 100 наиболее авторитетных специалистов футбола, тренеров команд РПЛ и спортивных массмедиа. Изначально каждый специалист называл тройку лучших игроков (1 место—3 очка, второе—2 и третье—1). С 2019 года определяется пять лучших игроков: за 1-е место присуждается 5 очков, за 2-е — 4 и так далее. Победитель определяется по сумме очков.

На премию номинируются игроки РПЛ, отвечающие трём формальным критериям: наличие гражданства Российской Федерации, возрастной ценз (в 2002—2015 годах— не старше 20 лет; с 2015 года — не старше 21 года) и количество матчей, сыгранных за команду в календарном году (не менее трети).

В 2012 году молодые игроки редко появлялись на поле, и от вручения премии было решено отказаться. В похожей ситуации в 2013 году премия была вручена Константину Базелюку за успехи в молодёжном первенстве и молодежной сборной России. Перед вручением премии в 2018 году издание «Спорт-Экспресс» заявило, что считает очень странным и сомнительным невключение в число номинантов форвардов «Краснодара» Ивана Игнатьева и Магомед-Шапи Сулейманова, при том что оба приняли участие более чем в трети игр команды в премьер-лиге за календарный год. Президент ДФЛ Виктор Горлов в ответ заявил, что определяющим при выборе номинантов стало количество минут, проведённых в чемпионате. При этом также не были номинированы проведшие более трети игр Соболев («Крылья Советов»), Кучаев (ЦСКА), Жамалетдинов (ЦСКА).

Лауреаты (мужчины)

 2002 — Александр Кержаков («Зенит»)
 2003 — Владимир Быстров («Зенит»)
 2004 — Динияр Билялетдинов («Локомотив»)
 2005 — Игорь Акинфеев (ЦСКА)
 2006 — Роман Шишкин («Спартак») — 264
 2007 — Кирилл Комбаров («Динамо») — 152
 2008 — Алан Дзагоев (ЦСКА) — 500
 2009 — Георгий Щенников (ЦСКА) — 189

 2010 — Павел Яковлев («Спартак», «Крылья Советов») — 198
 2011 — Александр Кокорин («Динамо») — 276
 2012 — премия не вручалась
 2013 — Константин Базелюк (ЦСКА) — 247
 2014 — Эльмир Набиуллин («Рубин») — 247
 2015 — Алексей Миранчук («Локомотив») — 214
 2016 — Александр Головин (ЦСКА) — 277
 2017 — Фёдор Чалов (ЦСКА) — 165

 2018 — Ильзат Ахметов («Рубин», ЦСКА) — 202
 2019 — Матвей Сафонов и Магомед-Шапи Сулейманов (оба — «Краснодар») — 300
 2020 — Игорь Дивеев (ЦСКА) — 370
 2021 — Арсен Захарян («Динамо») — 445
 2022 — Сергей Пиняев («Крылья Советов») — 317

Лауреаты (женщины)

 2022 — Татьяна Петрова (ЦСКА) — 136

Лауреаты по клубам

 мужские клубы
 8 — ЦСКА (Москва)
 3 — «Динамо» (Москва)
 2 — «Зенит» (Санкт-Петербург), «Краснодар», «Крылья Советов» (Самара), «Локомотив» (Москва), «Рубин» (Казань), «Спартак» (Москва)

 женские клубы
 1 — ЦСКА (Москва)

Рекорды
 в 2008 году все 100 человек, принявших участие в голосовании, отдали первое место Алану Дзагоеву. Этот результат (500 баллов) стал абсолютным рекордом за всю историю вручения премии.
 17 декабря 2020 года ПФК ЦСКА проводил гостевой матч чемпионата страны в Ростове. В стартовом составе одной команды (ЦСКА) на поле одновременно вышли шесть лауреатов «Первой пятёрки» разных лет (Акинфеев, Дзагоев, Щенников, Чалов, Ахметов и Дивеев).

Примечания

Ссылки
 Ежегодная премия «Первая пятерка»

Футбольные награды в России
Награды, появившиеся в 2002 году

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A new report published by the UK's Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB) has warned that its clients are increasingly under pressure caused by temporary and insecure jobs.
The report argues that many British workers are not benefiting from the recovery in the country's economy, in what may be a permanent shift in the employment market towards temporary and casual labor.
Despite the recovery, UK employers are continuing to rely on temporary contracts, shift work, and zero-hours contracts. The CAB says that while some workers may benefit from these flexible arrangements, for others they can cause problems with debt, housing, and childcare.
In its report, titled Second Choice Jobs, the CAB also argues that changes in the labor market are making it harder for employees to assert their employment rights. It says that 70% of its staff have experienced cases where an employee's hours or shifts were changed negatively after they had turned down shifts or taken sick leave.
Read more at the Financial Times website. The full Citizens Advice Bureau report can be accessed here.


This post covers the very best of things to do in New Orleans, including a top 10 list, things to do today, for free, at night, with kids as well as by month or season. Of course, at the top of any list is Free Tours by Foot.
Below is our top 10 list of things to do in New Orleans with links to related content, tours, and additional resources.
Many of the items mentioned below are included for free or at a discount in several tourist attraction discount passes.
The city's cemeteries are unique, and with one exception, free.
For most visitors to New Orleans, the city's tradition of above-ground burials sets it apart from most other places in the U.S. and around the world, and a walk around these "Cities of the Dead" is a fascinating and must-do experience.
Lafayette Cemetery #1 in the Garden District.
St. Louis Cemetery is only accessible on a tour, but you can give yourself a self-guided tour of Lafayette #1.
For many people, the French Quarter is Bourbon Street.
That's a shame because the Vieux Carré (as it's officially known) is one of the country's oldest historic districts and home to dozens of museums, art galleries, restaurants, bars, and street performers.
Start your visit to the Quarter in the beautiful Jackson Square which fronts the equally splendid St. Louis Cathedral and follow our free, self-guided tour of things to do in the neighborhood.
We also offer a twice daily pay-what-you-like guided tour of the French Quarter and a twice-nightly pay-what-you-wish ghost tour.
And of course, there is Bourbon Street.
New Orleans' location in the Mississippi Delta means that it is surrounded by swamp and marshland.
And a unique experience for visitors is the swamp and airboat tours that ply the local rivers in search of wild boars, waterfowl, and of course, alligators.
Most of these swamp tours operate just outside of New Orleans' city limits, 30-45 minutes from the French Quarter.
There is even a preserve that is located within the city limits and is free (see our free things to do section below).
Read our comparison post on the swamp tours of New Orleans as well as our post on airboat tours.
If you can't make it here during Mardi-Gras, you can still experience the carnival season every day of the year.
On top of the list is Mardi Gras World, a working studio where they create and store Mardi Gras floats.
You can also find a lot of historic floats, costumes, and decorations from past Mardi Gras festivals.
There are also several museums or exhibits that are dedicated to some aspects of Mardi Gras and are free, including the Mardi Gras Museum at Armands Restaurant and the House of Dance and Feathers.
There is also the inexpensive Presbytère and its Mardi Gras exhibit.
And if you are coming to New Orleans for Carnival for the first time, then read our Mardi Gras Guide for beginners guide and our tips on enjoying the parades.
Located just 2.5 miles (4 km) from the French Quarter, New Orleans' Garden District is a refreshing change of pace from the aforementioned district.
Stately mansions, beautiful greenery, and great shopping await you in this must-see part of town.
Most people will take the St. Charles Streetcar from the French Quarter to the Garden District.
Also located in the Garden District is Lafayette Cemetery #1. So, why not make it 3 experiences in 1 trip?
We offer multiple guided tours daily of the Garden District and Lafayette Cemetery #1 as well as a GPS-enabled audio tour.
We also have a neighborhood guide the area with tips on what to see, shopping, food and tips on where to stay.
Live music is everywhere in New Orleans. You can find it on the streets, in parks, in bars and restaurants, basically, everywhere.
We produced our live music guide to help you find and experience one of the world's great music cities.
It includes tips on the best jazz brunches, tips on the best areas of the city for music (for example, Frenchman Street).
And as you might have expected, we have a guided tour for music lovers as well called the New Orleans Music and Arts Tour, which generally runs on Fridays and Saturdays with other days sprinkled in by season.
OK. Admittedly, this isn't really something to do in the city, but New Orleans is a logical base from which to venture out and discover some of the best preserved southern plantation estates in the U.S.
You can learn about these creole mansions and the people who lived here by driving out on your own or by taking part in a guided tour from New Orleans. Just about all are within an hour's drive from the city.
Most offer guided tours of the mansions and grounds, including slave dwellings. You can even sleep over at some.
We have reviewed the most popular plantations in the New Orleans, including the organized tours that will pick you up from your hotel.
Shrouded in mystery and secrecy – and often misrepresented by popular culture and Hollywood depictions – Voodoo has long held reign in New Orleans legends, folklore, and history.
The spirituality has been hidden among the slaves of the 1700s, popularized and commercialized by the famous Voodoo Queen Marie Laveau in the nineteenth century, and still functions as an alternative religion in the modern day city.
Consider visiting the Voodoo Museum, a small, folksy make-shift museum in the French Quarter, or Marie Laveau's tomb in St. Louis Cemetery #1 (only accessible by a guided tour of the cemetery).
Better yet, why don't you join us on our pay-what-you-like Voodoo Tour, which runs daily with the exception of Tuesdays.
There are many riverboat cruises that ply the Mississippi River. Some have live dixie jazz aboard and serve lunch and dinner.
There are also historical cruises (no food), and one even visits a historic battlefield.
For those on a budget, you could take the Algiers Ferry across the Mississippi for just $2.
Currently, there are 2 main vessels to choose from, the Creole Queen and the Steamboat Natchez, both paddlewheels.
Read our post that compares the different riverboat cruise options available to you.
Whether or not New Orleans is the birthplace of the cocktail may be an open debate, but what is not in dispute is the role the cocktail places in the city's life.
New Orleans' history as a melting pot of Native American, French, Spanish, Caribbean and American cultures has provided the ingredients for experimental food and drink.
You just have to try a Sazerac, a Vieux Carré, Pimm's Cup, or just straight up absinthe. Sumptuous cocktails in classic bars make for a wonderful night (or day) out.
We offer a self-guided tour of these drinks and watering holes so that you can see and taste for yourself, or you can join us and your fellow drinkers on our pay-what-you-wish guided cocktail tour of the French Quarter.
Below, we list our top 10 list of free things to do in New Orleans.
Many things mentioned elsewhere on this page, such as visiting a cemetery, are also free or have free options.
For even more ideas, be sure to read our free things to do in New Orleans, which also includes the top free things to do at night, with kids, as well as free attractions and museums.
For even more money saving ideas, also check out our guide to New Orleans on a budget.
New Orleans is a city of neighborhoods just waiting to be discovered.
We mentioned the French Quarter and the Garden District in our top 10 section, but there are so many worthy areas just waiting for your discovery.
We've put together neighborhood guides with self-guided tours to help you explore.
The Historic New Orleans Collection should be the first stop for all history buffs. It has several free exhibits including its Louisiana Galleries, which covers every era of the city.
The city has it's own national preserve Bayou Savage as well as City Park (both have alligators) that are free of charge to visit. Or head out to Jean Lafitte Swamp and the Barataria Preserve.
Read about these free swamp experiences on our swamp tour comparison page under hikes.
Surprisingly or not, you can actually hear a lot of this music for free! In addition to hearing live street music, you can also enjoy events such as Wednesday at the Square (Mar-May) and Jazz in the Park (Sept-Nov).
Alternatively, you can enjoy a free Opera performance with Bon Operatit once every month!
City Park is the central attraction, but don't miss out on Louis Armstrong Park, National Jazz Historical Park, and Audubon Park.
New Orleans attracts characters and people who want to have fun and they are all interesting.
Just hang out at Jackson Square or walk Royal and Bourbon Streets in the French Quarter or Frenchman Street in the Marigny and you won't find a lack of interesting people to watch and enjoy.
If you have access to a car or bike, then consider taking our free, self-guided Hurricane Katrina Rebirth Tour.
Visit some of the hard-hit locations in New Orleans and see for yourself the inspirational and interesting regeneration taking place with things such as Musicians Village or Brad Pitt's Make It Right Homes.
New Orleans offers several tourist attraction discount cards, with which you can save up to 50% on attractions and tours when you bundle them together.
They can also save you time with their skip-the-line privileges.
While these cards are no free, if you plan out your time well, you will end up visiting many attractions that have ticket prices for free.
We analyze the passes to help you decide if any are a good fit for you.
Here too is the top 10 list from our master post on family-friendly things to do in New Orleans, where you can find dozens of more kid-focused activities.
Of course, many of the things in our top 10, free things to do and night activities sections of this post are great for kids and their parents.
We elaborate on a few previously mentioned items to go deeper into why a particular entry is a great choice for some families.
As mentioned above, New Orleans parks are great free attractions, but City Park is particularly family friendly.
Young kids will love Storyland and Carousel Gardens and most families won't be able to resist mini-golf and Gondola rides.
Tip: mini-golf stays open at night. All are very affordable as well. Plus, in the northern half of City Park are wetlands with alligators and turtles.
New Orleans is no mega-city, but its population is large enough to support an NFL team (the Saints) and an NBA team (the Pelicans) alongside a minor league baseball team (the Baby Cakes).
Additionally, you can watch the University of Tulane and many big sporting events come to town, including the annual Sugar Bowl and occasionally the NCAA Basketball Tournament.
There are many riverboat cruises that will get your kids excited. Some have live Dixie Jazz aboard and serve lunch and dinner. There are also historical cruises, and one visits a historic battlefield.
See exotic animals, glimpse into the unique habitat of the delta area, and watch the animals feed (including alligators), all at the Audubon Zoo.
You can save money buy purchasing a ticket that also includes the Audubon Aquarium. Both are great for kids.
And entry to both attractions is free with the purchases of either major tourist passes. We analyze the pass to help you decide if it's a good fit for you.
In addition to the free Mardi Gras museums and exhibits mentioned in the previous section, the best choice for families is Mardi Gras World.
On their tour, you will be given beads, eat King Cake, try on costumes, tour the Carnival float factory and listen to great music, all without any drunk people.
Families rate it 4 out of 5 stars on TripAdvisor. They offer a free shuttle from the French Quarter.
And entry is free with the purchases of either major tourist discount pass.
Music is everywhere in New Orleans and we've already mentioned it in 2 previous section (both of which apply to families).
However, Music Box Village is particularly great for families. This experimental art installation and performance space will keep your kids (and you) entertained and happy.
Just take a look at this video.
In the previous section, we referenced swamps where you could hike for free. Free is always good for families, right? However, a swamp tour can be an exciting and memorable experience, especially because you get an experienced swamp boat captain who knows how to get those gators to come out.
Read about these options on our swamp tour comparison page, and if you are considering purchasing a tourist discount pass, each one offers a free swamp tour.
If your family is interested in some Cajun food and music, consider a trip to Mulates. This restaurant offers live music from 7 pm to 10 pm every night along with authentic Cajun cuisine. Enjoy some delicious food while listening to some fantastic tunes.
And check out our list of the top 13 foods to try in the Big Easy.
Be sure to visit our post on family-friendly things to do in New Orleans, where you can find dozens of more kid-focused activities.
Below is a list of top things to do at night in New Orleans. Many of the things mentioned in the previous sections are also good activities at night, such as people watching, riverboat dinner cruises, attending a sporting event to putt-putt golf in City Park.
Be sure to read our full post on nighttime activities in NOLA.
Serving as a music venue, a touring band, and a non-profit organization, Preservation Hall is dedicated to preserving one of New Orleans's unique music contributions – Jazz.
Established in 1961 and located at 726 St. Peter, in the heart of the French Quarter, Preservation Hall offers multiple show times per night, seven days a week.
General admission tickets are $15-$20 at the door, or you can reserve tickets with "Big Shot" seating for $35-$50.
Ghosts tours are arguably the most popular tours in New Orleans.
We offer our pay-what-you-wish 5-star ghost tour 2x every night, but there are also voodoo and vampire tours, ghost hunts and ghost pub crawls. There is something for everyone's tastes.
Read our post which compares all the spooky night tour options.
From May – October, it is possible to take a night tour of the Honey Island Swamp. Cajun Encounters offers a night swamp tour every day of the week with the option of a hotel pick-up in New Orleans.
Like the Crescent City herself, the New Orleans Burlesque scene ranges from classic to the truly outrageous. Burlesque tickets will cost, on average, $10 – $20 per person.
Lucky Pierre's Flim Flam Variety Hour on Sundays and Wednesdays is a 1920's vaudeville-style show featuring comedy, magic, and burlesque.
Bustout Burlesque takes the Main Stage at House of Blues monthly with their 1950's style show, including a comic emcee and a live jazz band.
No taboo is off limits to Bella Blue and her team of burlesque babes. They break all the rules a couple times a month at the All Ways Lounge and Theatre.
The Saenger Theater features the Broadway in New Orleans series, as well as dance, music, and comedy performances.
The interior of the theatre features Greek and Roman statuary, decorative columns and molding, and arched entryways. A trip to the Saenger is a night of theater you'll never forget!
New Orleans is well known for its unique cuisine, and now more than ever serves as a mecca for those who are serious about dining out.
Whether your tastes are for the freshest seafood, authentic French cuisine, Cajun, Creole, or a fusion of flavors, there is a dinner spot sure to tantalize your taste buds.
If an unforgettable dining experience is what you're looking for, consider venturing out of the French Quarter and into one of New Orleans's popular residential neighborhoods.
Commander's Palace in the Garden District and Cafe Degas in Faubourg St. John are just two examples of what you'll find if you're willing to venture out.
Be sure to read our post on the top 13 foods to try in New Orleans.
Listen to music, dance and…bowl? Yep! New Orleanians take live music wherever they can get it, even at the bowling alley.
Rock N Bowl is a unique New Orleans establishment serving up a combination of activity and entertainment.
Take a break from bowling a few frames with a couple spins around the dance floor. Wednesday night is for live Swing and Thursday nights belong to Zydeco. Weekend nights you'll find mostly rock music up on the stage.
Whatever night you choose, you won't find a bowling experience like this anywhere else!
Place your bets any night of the week on the gaming tables of New Orleans.
The main attraction is the Harrahs Casino, but you can also visit the Carnival Club Casino or head to the Fairgrounds Racetrack, where you will also find slot machines.
Located on the east side of Esplanade Avenue, just steps away from the French Quarter, Frenchmen Street is a favorite among New Orleans locals.
The Palace Market is a weekly nighttime art market. Open every night (except for Saturday), this open-air market hosts a variety of unique, local and regional artists. Purchase original art, jewelry, and crafts, and meet the artisans who make them.
In addition to our master posts for family and nighttime activities, we also produce posts that are specific to a month or a season. In these posts, we generally list options that take place, start, or end during that month or season.
Don't make the same mistake that most visitors do when visiting New Orleans and confine yourself to just the French Quarter.
Don't get us wrong, you could easily spend days in the Quarter taking tours, visiting the various shops and museums and enjoying great music in her bars, but then you would be missing out on so much.
New Orleans offers the visitor some legendary neighborhoods, and we have put together some posts that are a combination of things to do and self-guided tours to help you plan your discovery.


Countries of the world increased their concern regarding the role of the specialized centers for excellence in governmental performance which is aiming to raise the performance of institutions and governmental agencies to competitive levels of creative learning, transparency and knowledge management. This is an important role in achieving sustainable development and increasing competitiveness of the national economy.
HRH Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister, ordered to establish the Bahrain Center for Excellence, which was approved by the Ministers Council in the session dated 25 May 2008 under Decree No. (1977-01) to realize the vision of the rational leadership in adopting international and scientific programs that proved success in both the private and governmental sectors for the aim of achieving sustainable and creative solutions coping with Bahrain's future vision.
Supporting private and governmental institutions to reach global and competitive levels of creativity, learning, transparency and knowledge management for the aim of reaching an outstanding level of excellence at work.
Scoring a distinguished leap in performance of public sector's results at first, then to private institutions in the Kingdom of Bahrain in order to reach a class-leading level by providing scientific and renewable methodologies, managed in a sustainable manner and focused on the initiatives of improvement and empowerment, excellence and knowledge sharing, with criteria and indicators that are suitable for the nature of public sector and the requirements of economy.
It is an institution which is able to innovate, learn and work with transparency and exerts all efforts to achieve sustainability in a positive and competitive performance which exceeds the current requirements, This qualify the institution to compete on the international level and to keep pace with the rapid global economical, environmental and social developments.
Meeting all the international requirements based on expanding the spirit of learning and creativity.
Knowledge management and transparency in governmental agencies.
The effectiveness of governmental performance in comparison with the vision and strategic objectives.
The spirit of responsibility towards society and the state.
Good leadership, training to ensure an effective work force.
The directorate took the initiative to join the program voluntarily and began to use the Bahrain Center for Excellence with its standards of models, a compendium of best practices and global efforts, to push the public sector institutions to competitiveness to drive the economy forward.
1-	The excellence program has been launched throughout an orientation presented on 1 November 2009 presented by excellence expert Mohamed Bo Haji.
2-	It was followed by the opening session at Nationality, Passport & Residence Affairs at the officers Club on 3 November 2009, presented by excellence expert Mohamed Bo Haji and attended by Undersecretary of Ministry of Interior for Nationality, Passport & Residence Affairs, assistant secretaries, heads, directors and supervisors of departments and a large number of staff to spread the culture of excellence.
The Team' responsibilities will be centered around; specifying procedures for Panel's work and to define a time table for work, coordination and follow up with the appointed cadres at the Bahrain Center for Excellence for the aim of raising the level of performance and quality of work and also the services provided through the management, coordination and follow up with all regulatory sites at the management and to develop performance indicators to the excellence level.
4-	The closing session was held on the on 27 September 2010 and carried out by Nationality, Passport & Residence Affairs at the Officers Club, attended by the Bahrain Center for Excellence, the excellence expert and many advisors in the presence of all distinguished leaders, senior staff and many officers and personnel.
6-	In the line of the initiative of HRH Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister, to promote self-censorship in public sector throughout a governmental mechanism that reinforces the concept of self-censorship. On 28 April 2011, Nationality, Passports & Residence Affairs participated in the self-evaluation event occurred in the presence of advisory teams, to evaluate Administration according to the standards of Excellence Program.
7-	Nationality, Passports & Residence Affairs entered arbitration in 25 June 2011, where his Excellency Dr. Mohamed Al Mutawa headed the arbitration. HE Al Mutawa praised HRH Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister, for his direct support to Bahrain Center for Excellence.
8-	At the closing sessions of the 1st Success Stories Forum, organized by the Bahrain Center for Excellence, in 4 October 2011, a number of ministries and governmental institutions reviewed their 'stories of success', including Nationality, Passports & Residence Affairs, which reviewed their successful experience with Electronic Visa, which was launched for the aim achieving high levels of performance. The 1st Success Stories Forum was headed by Lieutenant General, Sheikh Mohamed bin Abdulla Al Khalifa, Minister of State for Defense, Sheikh Hussam bin Isa Al Khalifa, head of HRH the Prime Minister's Court, Sheikh Nawaf bin Ibrahim Al Khalifa, Vice President of Electricity & Water Authority and Mr. Yousef Al Jowder, Asst.undersecretary of Finance & Human Resource, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
9-	Bahrain Center for Excellence shall continue its support and follow up to ministries and governmental institutions, as Nationality, Passports & Residence Affairs shall keep on developing its work and provide its services according to the international standards to ensure sustainability and competitiveness.


text:
Bruce Springsteen sells masters, music publishing to Sony for $500M: report
Fox Business Flash top headlines for December 15
Continuing a music industry trend among older big-name artists, rocker Bruce Springsteen has reportedly sold his master recordings and music publishing rights to Sony for $500 million.
The deal may be the biggest ever negotiated for an individual body of work, Billboard reported.
The New Jersey musician's catalog includes more than 300 songs, 20 studio albums and other items, according to the report. It also includes early recordings to which Springsteen acquired the rights in the 1980s after the release of his highly successful "Born in the USA" album.
Springsteen – also known for such songs as "Born to Run," "Badlands" and "Dancing in the Dark" — has released his work on the Columbia Records label since 1973. The label is now owned by Sony.
Bruce Springsteen performs at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York City, March 9, 2012. (Reuters)
Previous recording industry deals have involved such artists as Bob Dylan, Stevie Nicks and Paul Simon.
Dylan's deal with Universal Music Publishing Group was announced in December 2020. The sale price was said to be in nine figures but no specific amount was disclosed.
The artist's most widely known songs include "Like a Rolling Stone," "Subterranean Homesick Blues" and "All Along the Watchtower."
Stevie Nicks, who announced a sale of a stake in her music publishing rights last year, is seen in Hollywood, California, Jan. 31, 2013. (Jason LaVeris/FilmMagic)
Nicks' deal with Primary Wave Music, also announced last December, was said to be worth $100 million and included and 80% stake in her music properties as well as rights to her name and likeness.
CLICK HERE TO GET FOX BUSINESS ON THE GO
The deal reportedly includes rights to her solo work, such as "Edge of Seventeen," as well as her songs recorded with the band Fleetwood Mac, such as "Rhiannon" and "Landslide."
Simon reportedly sold rights to his song catalog to Sony Music Publishing in May of this year for an undisclosed sum.
The deal includes his solo work as well as recordings made with singer Art Garfunkel.
Fox Business' Nate Day and Tyler McCarthy contributed to this story.
Previous post Lisa Rinna Shares Throwback Family Snaps After Delilah's Cryptic Message
Next post Inside MAFS UKs Adam and Tayahs home makeover complete with a walk-in wardrobe
Lisa Rinna Shares Throwback Family Snaps After Delilah's Cryptic Message
Inside MAFS UKs Adam and Tayahs home makeover complete with a walk-in wardrobe


Named after a city renowned for its delectable beer, stylish structures, and generous hospitality, this beverage center will not disappoint the modish entertainer. The bold contemporary black onyx finish with matching handle shines and brings a chic sophistication to any d̩cor. With the ability to store up to 138 cans and 6 bottles of wine your guests will never be wanting.
This model comes with a 24-month in-home warranty on parts and labor.


The stories of the two Pulitzer winners, and the larger debate about burnout in journalism, resonates with the feedback I hear every day working with community news startups and journalism entrepreneurs. And yet, in my travels through the journalism conference circuit and even in online groups and listservs I rarely see us creating safe spaces to talk openly and honestly about these issues. There is a real need to confront some of these issues and give people tools and support for managing burnout. But we also need to honestly address the systems and biases that contribute to the kind of gender gaps Reinardy's study highlighted.
This is adapted from the Local Fix, a weekly newsletter on journalism sustainability and community engagement. Subscribe here.


text:
namespace std {
namespace experimental {

class system_executor {
 public:
  typedef executors::work wrapper_type;

 public:
  static system_executor& get_executor() {
    // Destroys the system executor during static destruction, though may need
    // some special logic to handle doing this before statics (probably need
    // something built in).
    //
    // TODO: consider making an executor registry which is just a static
    // registry of executors which need to be deleted during static
    // destruction. This would allow non-singleton executors to delete during
    // this same phase.
    static system_executor instance(
        THREAD_RATIO * thread::hardware_concurrency());
    return instance;
  }

  // NOTE: by default the internal thread pool will
  virtual ~system_executor() {}

 public:
  template<class Func>
  inline void spawn(Func&& func) {
    pool_.spawn(forward<Func>(func));
  }

 private:
  // Big enough to be useful, small enough to not completely kill performance
  // if you max out the CPU.
  static constexpr unsigned int THREAD_RATIO = 5;

  system_executor(size_t N) : pool_(N) {}

  // TODO: make the executor actually grow depending on forward progress of the
  // threads (need to figure out a reasonable mechanism for guaranteeing
  // forward progress.
  thread_pool_executor pool_;
};

}  // namespace experimental
}  // namespace std

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Norse Gods
Norse Cosmology
Viking History
Viking Symbols
Runic Alphabet
Home / Viking History
Halfdan Ragnarsson
Halfdan, Halfdene or Healfden Ragnarsson († 877 in Ireland), also called Hvitserk (white robe) because he wore a white tunic, was a son of the legendary Viking leader Ragnar Lothbrok.
Life of Halfdan Ragnarsson
Halfdan landed in England in 865 with his brothers Ivar the Boneless and Ubbe and later became the leader of the Great Heathen Army. On January 5, 871, he and his Danes won the Battle of Reading, but lost the Battle of Ashdown four days later. He was ruler of London from 871 to 872, where he struck coins.
Halfdan made raids into Northumbria and Scotland from his winter camp on the Tyne in 874. In 875 Halfdan finally subdued Northumbria. There were already some Vikings living there, primarily from Denmark. In the same year, Halfdan had himself crowned king of Jorvik, the most important city in northern England, which later became known as York.
He is said to have been very unpopular because of his alleged cruelty. In 876 he settled Northumbria, again depriving the Great Heathen Army of one of its most important leaders.
In 877, Halfdan broke a truce between Danes and Anglo-Saxons that had been concluded two years earlier by the West Saxon king Alfred the Great and Halfdan's brother Ubba.
Halfdan fell in 877 fighting Norwegians on Strangford Lough in Ireland. In Jorvik, two new kings filled the power vacuum left by him, either immediately after his death or in 883.
© 2023 Viking Wiki.


text:
Újfalu (szerbül Ново Село / Novo Selo) település Szerbiában, a Vajdaságban, az Észak-bánsági körzetben, Magyarkanizsa községben.

Fekvése
Bácska északkeleti részén, Magyarkanizsától délnyugatra, Oromtól kb. 4 km-re északkeletre fekszik.

Népesség

Demográfiai változások

Etnikai összetétel

Jegyzetek

Külső hivatkozások
 Újfalu története

Az Észak-bánsági körzet települései


Photographer and friend Amelia Dowd treated us to an impromptu photoshoot last Thursday, just before we had to rush onto the Ric's stage and play.
Still waiting on the final photos, planned to serve as promo for when we play Live Spark at the Powerhouse in June, she posted up a few teasers.
Last Wednesday has slipped away into memory, what memory remains at least. Glad of the fact that unlike some who attended, mine seems relatively intact, and free from too many distortions, aside from those inherent. An experience can be lived but once, through coloured glass filters; though its populous imprint on the mind can be readily called upon to grace consciousness time after time.
A pre-party was planned, Corey & Yolande's palace in the Valley. Only a small gathering was expected, but as it unravelled, more and more bodies slowly sauntered in, filling to capacity. With them came the cigarettes and other stimulants, a cloud hanging like fallout over the preparatory daze of smiling faces, awaiting. Drinks enough and we were off, a bottle or two in hand.
Everyone was there at The Arena, all good company. Seems the somewhat elusive Brian Jonestown Massacre had slipped inside many a mind, making certain they wouldn't want to miss bearing witness to this spectacle, not for the world. And so the night drew on, the people stumbled, and the Jonestown boys played to ears ablaze.
From a few rows back I stood watching, absorbing, a few times puling the camera out to record some snapshots in time. Also manage to catch some commotion video, nailing honey to the bee.
Evil genuis show, no encore for the sake of one; respecible in light of our apparent tameness as an audience. Tambourine James is following them to New Zealand to learn a few moves. Catch them if you can.
Usually one of the first songs learned by the budding guitarist, I however only just decided a few days ago that it was about bloody time I actually learnt how to play Stairway to Heaven, now that I've started geting into Led Zeppelin a little more.
So Stairway is from their fourth album, which I keep telling Fletch is their best, but he won't have any of it — although admittedly, I'm yet to hear his favourite, Led Zeppelin III, in order to compare. Hope to acquire it sometime soon.
To learn, I thought I might see if there were any tutorial videos on YouTube. I found one, but the guy seemed to be getting it obviously wrong in a few places. What better time to do my own video than while I'm learning myself? So I found a tab which seems to be passably accurate, and set up my camera.
Only just getting my fingers around the introduction right now. It's quite a well crafted piece I must say; hats off to Jimmy Page.
So it seems I have unwittingly found myself fronting this psychedelic band called The Strange Attractors for just about a year now, ups and down and all, and still I seem stumped at what to tell people when they ask about it, so it usually comes out just the same old stuff, when what I really want to say is… I'm not sure. It has played a permanent role in the direction of existence however these past few months. What I'm still trying to figure out is if it is an enemy or a friend.
The group is still evolving, like all else, and we're still to record a proper album. A video emerged on our YouTube channel the other day, something from a recent rehearsal: a cover of Anenome by The Brian Jonestown Massacre. See for yourself.
I've been keeping an eye on Oasis' Wonderwall song in the last.fm charts for quite some time now.
Before the whole Radiohead digital only release and subsequent digital only releases from other bands which seem to be skewing the charts a bit, just due to the nature of last.fm audioscrobbling software counting only tracks played on a computer, Wonderwall would often be up there usually within the top 10 or top 5.
Even now, the track still regularly places up and amongst all these newly released tracks.
Now don't get me wrong, I love the track, and am glad that it is up there. I do however find it kind of an anomaly.
It's currently at number 19, but last week it placed at number 9. Seems to have been pushed back by the Portisehead release.
While taking a forced break from recording due to unforeseen software issues, I decided to turn my hand to the other side of band life, the organisation and chaos.
Updating The Strange Attractors on Last.fm there was a little notice saying that they are now going to start paying royalties for music played on Last.fm. I signed up immediately, although I think I'm going to have to expand my catalogue a little beyond the three demo tracks before any real revenue starts streaming in. Dreams of a new music label are still unevolved in the mind, but they're getting there.
With the music economy in a wave of confusion, this is a major step in the right direction.
Words and music by Joshua J Byrd for The Strange Attractors.
But it seems we've got a long long way to go.
Imagine if we all believed in you.
And I need you, to be there too.
Cause now I feel, the way you do.
And in your head, you know I'm talking to you.
Hey John sing me a song.
Just like the time you saw her standing there.
I'm in your head, and yes I'm talking to you.
May need a touch more work. Will get to that later.
To fill that canyon void between true quality, sometimes there must become a little bit of junk. This is the first of the experiment with junk posts on this quasi-blog type thing. No real aim, but to create and fill. Oft times it is the mass of filling that makes the other so good.
I am not talking automatic writing here, and will leave that to another day.
Anyway, what did I do today? Not much, just working mainly. Thinking back, thismorning Jasper awakened me with her meowing. For lunch I headed down to Sakura Sushi. Still failing in my attempts to get Jerry to try it. I finished chapter twenty-nine of Great Expectations, experiencing Pip's first adult falling for the now-fully-grown Estella.
Had a call from The Strange Attractors' prospective bass player. Things seem almost to be coming together.
Unsure of where all this junk will lead me tonight.
Shyla said she had two spare tickets to see AIR play that night. Somewhere in The Valley she said, the Tivoli maybe. Some quick googling proved her right. The tickets were in her name, so she handed over some non-photo id and we prepared for some undercover work, only to have our cover crumble when we got to the ticket counter and saw the familiar face of an old acquaintance staring back. The girl at the ticket counter obliged us, thankfully.
New Buffalo supported the night, glitz girl with certain somewhat subtle masculinity, supported to the side by feminine transparent red showing of two more supported showings. Ocean had sprung up a conversation with a girl called Liz of whom she remarked had a nice dress only moments before. She became part of the group as more and more friendly faces arrived and gathered for the show. Surprising there would be so many there, known in the mind.
After the song and dance, the pretty photon show, a migratory path to Ric's was pursued. Only stayed there a short while, time enough for one game of Galaga. Perhaps it was the effect of the show on my senses, or some other stimulant, but I played like never before, trance-like, focused to the gills, reaching a never before achieved, level 17, and breaking the 100,000 point mark. First on the machine by a long shot, surprising not only those watching, but myself as well.
Sometimes all it takes is to come up for AIR every so often. See you there.


Following our reports on Nigeria and Ghana, this third instalment of our Power to Africa series will look at the power sector in Kenya.
Download and read the full article: Power To Africa Volume 3: Kenya (Part 1).
Kenya has a population of 48 million people and is East Africa's largest economy. It is seen as a stable and attractive entry point into the common East African Community market of 150 million people, with a strong private sector and a relatively diversified economy. The country also has a young population and so stands to benefit from a demographic dividend. In all, the country's medium to long term economic outlook is positive.
However, as at June 2016, Kenya's installed generation capacity was 2,341 MW, well short of the target of 5,000 MW set by the Government of Kenya (GOK) in 2008. The GOK has announced that access to electricity has increased from 23% of the population in 2013 to 65% at the start of 2017. According to Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC), 63% of households are currently connected to the grid, but it is likely that this figure is significantly lower in rural regions.


BFDI used the Field Guide to provide sample suggestions on how to provide beautification to the identified lots within the community. Through our collective efforts, it provided an opportunity to engage community residents and other stakeholders to take responsibility and ownership for stabilizing their community.
Lots are located in the Osborn Community, District 3 in zip codes 48205 and 48234. This area is boarded by Gratiot Ave. to the east, Van Dyke to the west, and 8 Mile Rd. to the north and East McNichol's to the south.
We were able to elevate implementation of the Field Guide in the Osborn community. We use the Field Guide as a tool that engages residents in the neighborhood to activate vacant lots where they live. This work fits into our larger community vision, and we were able to help residents implement various projects through our mini-lot program.
We did this by collaborating with lot owners, discussed various design options for flowers/shrubs and ideas, solicited volunteers, set plant date, procured supplies/ plants and needed equipment. Next we met to remove trash and debris, e-weeded and prep lot for planting. Lastly, we planted by following the selected landscaping design.
Various lots have been transformed in the Osborn community.
Why did your organization choose to undertake a project that involved incorporating the Field Guide to Working with Lots?
It was a great opportunity to assist residents in the community to identify, procure, design and implement beautification projects on their land. In doing so, BFDI, continues to build relationships and provide additional resources as needed to help maintain and sustain their property. Additionally, BFDI's Bridges Work Force Development Program allowed us to educate and train youth 16-24 years of age to select a range of career pathways, including entrepreneurship in teaching landscaping engineering as part of their nine-month curriculum. The Osborn neighborhood Alliance Beautification Initiative, likewise was also focused on open space treatment throughout the Osborn Community. To assist with this initiative, BFDI provided block club leaders with the tools, equipment and supplies required to transform vacant lots into beautiful spaces in the neighborhood.
How did implementing the Field Guide fit into your organization's larger mission?
In collaboration with the Osborn Neighborhood Alliance, and community block clubs, will broaden revitalization efforts over the next three years. In doing so, BFDI will bring this work to scale by integrating the Kresge Innovative Project with BFDI's Promise Neighborhoods work, BFDI's Bridges Workforce Development Program, and the Osborn Neighborhood Alliance.
What was the most surprising thing you've learned from using the Field Guide?
The transformation of the physical appearance on the neighborhood through the mobilization of over 5,000 volunteers for a six-day clean-up event was fantastic! With the support of the Kresge Foundation, equipment, tools and supplies were provided to clean and transform vacant lots and providing on the job training for volunteers allowed this to be done. These efforts have proven to have a significant impact on how residents including children, in Osborn feel about themselves, their schools and their community.
Was your project part of a larger plan, goal, or initiative within the community?
Yes! BFDI allowed equipment to be used by organizations in the Osborn Community to clean-up by youth who were apart of the Grow Detroit Young Talent summer work program and the Denby Community.
Did Detroit Future City provide any technical assistance? How was your experience of that component, if so?
Yes. DFC provided answers to questions as needed any technical assistance as needed.
The following partners were very important in the achievement of the goals of this project: Detroit Future City, the Osborn Neighborhood Alliance, MAN Network, several Osborn neighborhood associations, the Osborn Business Association, and over 100 block clubs. The Kresge Foundation and DTE partnership with BFDI staff members played a significant role in the project.
There were no roadblocks or challenges that were recognized because ongoing intentional community engagement and networking was occurring throughout the community. In addition, BFDI has a 10 year history of working in the community prior to the initiation of the project. BFDI had established over 250 block clubs in Osborn, established a respectable, engaging relationship with community members and associations. Lastly, BFDI has been hosting monthly community meeting/luncheons over the past 10 years.
The various types of landscaping design for flowers, shrubs and etc. were very interesting. It was a very educating experience for all involved.
Continued collaboration and communication with the residents/owners in the early spring is key. Assistance with revitalization projects via the block clubs, community associations and volunteers will be ongoing.


text:
Intelligence is not enough
itewiki
fa-search dropdown trigger
PG Professional Services
PGplant MW
PG Family
HÄTÄLÄ CASE: DATA VISUALISED TO MAKE PRODUCTION AGILE AND BOOST BUSINESS OPERATIONS
By Process Genius
Hätälä Digital Twin user interface
Hätälä Oy is a fourth-generation family company with a single passion: producing the most delicious fish products in the world. The company's Oulu factory provides high-quality fish delicacies for Finnish retailers, professional kitchens, wholesalers and for export. Hätälä handles around 18 million kilogrammes of fish a year and has 220 full-time employees. Process Genius visualises Hätälä's production data in an intuitive format. This provides Hätälä with a faster snapshot of the status quo, enabling shorter response times when production is held up.
Collaboration began with the monitoring of packaging lines in 2018, and is still expanding to cover all operations at the plant. Roima collects data on the plant equipment and Process Genius visualises it. The aim is to present an instantly understood snapshot, built on a 3D model, of what is happening in the factory. "We wanted to eliminate the need to interpret and explain long sequences of figures, pore over Excels and call numerous people to understand what's going on at the plant. PG's visualisations enable anyone to see the big picture at a glance," says Jari Jääskeläinen, Director of Production and Logistics at Hätälä.
DATA GUIDES OPERATIONAL WORK
Data sourced from machines and scales used to be dispersed between systems, with no uniform view of the plant's operations, machinery or problems. Documentation was also dispersed between several locations. The entire plant has now been 3D-modelled, enabling views of the work underway in various departments: on how well machinery is running, disruptions, the location of hygiene areas, and temperatures in parts of ovens and production machinery etc. Emergency exits are also marked on the 3D model.
For example, the speed of lines, size of production batches, and reject percentages are visually reported. "We have a real-time view of what's happening in the machines and can control operational work based on the data. The management, production managers, supervisors, and employees can monitor the information they need. The data becomes more detailed the closer you get to process workers. For example, indicators or target values for a single machine or line can be monitored in production," Jääskeläinen says.
FASTER REACTION IN PRODUCTION
Production efficiency is monitored by comparing machine running times, for example. This data can be used to figure why some machines run longer than others. Real-time monitoring of the facility has meant faster reactions during breakdowns. "Visual, intuitive information from the system allows us to react faster. If I notice that a line has stopped, I contact the process workers to find out what's broken down or gone wrong. We also monitor temperatures: if not everything is OK, automatic alarms are triggered in the system. If necessary, I can monitor data from my home office," Jääskeläinen adds.
The plant's visualisation is also useful for induction and training, avoiding the need to go to the factory. "We present the hygiene areas, factory floor plan, names of machines, safe routes and so on. A virtual tour of the 3D factory, processes and the role of each machine helps customers to see what a modern fish processing plant is all about. In addition, our quality managers and other employees can use the system for quality training and reviewing occupational safety," Jääskeläinen says.
COLLABORATION BOOSTS BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
If you put traditional production staff together with 3D-computing experts, it takes shared goals, lots of learning and the right attitude to understand each others' starting point. "We develop the solution through dialogue. We need to know how the people at Process Genius work, and they need to understand how we work. If necessary, we visit the factory to see how what we're doing plays out in practice," Jääskeläinen says.
More development ideas continuously arise in addition to the many steps already taken. "The visualisation of our plant and processes is already excellent. Next, we want to visualise an even wider spread of device data and combine other factory functions, such as real estate automation, with the system," Jääskeläinen says.
Hätälä aims to continue growing, in the face of tough competition in Finland and export markets. This means staying ahead in the core business and supporting operations. It takes continuous planning and prioritisation to model and collect data on a continuously evolving and modernising factory. Views are sought from every organisational level on the better and wider use of information in the system. "Process Genius' experts tackle challenges on the same basis every time: success is assured when you join forces to work out how. Not only have they fulfilled our most ambitious requests, our collaboration is also boosting development of our core business," Jääskeläinen sums up.
Production efficiency
The relevant information collected and displayed by PGplant MW adds to the production process more efficiency, safety, and transparency. Investment decisions can be made timely and accurately.
PG Professional Services offers extensive experience and know-how as a provider of various digitalization solutions. Our extensive industrial know-how is combined with modern software and application development, when necessary boosted with 3D game engine graphics.
HÄTÄLÄ CASE: DATA VISUALISED TO MAKE PRODUCTION AGILE AND BOOST BUSINESS…
Hätälä Oy…
Digital Twin under the hood
Just a 3D model? That can't be hard to make?
City of Helsinki wants…
The Pasila Library belongs to…
From static images into a functional 3D…
Mantsinen Group…
Process Genius
Process Genius, established in 2012, is a Joensuu-based Finnish software company that enhances the industrial processes with new kinds of virtual interface solutions it has developed. The PG Digital Twin interfaces combine the data from the background systems of the factory into a easily undestandable, visual and structured format. Process Genius has offices in Joensuu and Helsinki.
Hätälä Oy is a fourth-generation…
Just a 3D model? That can't be hard to make? It has taken tens of thousands of hours…
Footer - EN
PGFamily
Copyright © 2020 Process Genius Oy. All rights reserved.


Planning a Texas road trip? Want to know how much that gas is going to cost you? Visit the Texas Gas Prices website to check the gas prices along your route or within the town of your final destination. In the search feature, key in the desired City, State and Zip, select the Search button, and view the prices from the top (lowest prices) on down (highest prices). Traveling to a different state? The website searches within other city and states using the same process.