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Romantic Opinions In The Work Of Percy Bysshe Shelley
By Benjamin Barber
To think of something romantically is to think of it naively, in a positive light, away from the view of the majority. Percy Bysshe Shelley has many romantic themes in his plays. Educated at Eton College, he went on to the University of Oxford only to be expelled after one year after publishing an inappropriate collection of poems. He then worked on writing full-time, and moved to Italy shortly before his death in a boating accident off the shore of Leghorn.
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He wrote many pieces, and his writing contains numerous themes. Shelley experienced first-hand the French Revolution. This allowed him to onder many different situations, and determine deep philosophical views – views that were so radically different they were considered naive at best, downright wrong at worst. He contemplated socialism, having for a father-in-law William Godwin, who was the prominent socialist in the United Kingdom in Shelley's time.
Shelley liked Napolean, and was suspicious of both the Bourbon monarchy and the Directory. Most of all, Shelley felt that all people had the right to work for themselves; he did not support the notion that once one had been born into a class, one must stay in that class for the est of one's life. Shelley felt that all bodies of the universe were governed by the same principle, completely contradicting the given theories, those of Aristotle. Thus, Shelley gained a romantic and rather naive view of the universe.
In fact, Carlos Baker describes his poems as "The Fabric of a Vision". (Baker 1) In Percy Bysshe Shelley's poems, the author uses those naive, romantic opinions on the themes of romance, politics, and science. Romance is well defined as a theme choice for Shelley. Shelley uses this theme rather romantically; one could say that Shelley's theme in his amorous oetry is unrestricted passion; love, Shelley feels, can overcome all obstacles, distance, fear, even death.
One example of this is in Shelley's poem which is titled by the first line: "I fear thy kisses, gentle maiden": "I fear thy kisses gentle maiden;/Thou needst not fear mine;/My spirit is too deeply laiden/Ever to burden thine/I fear thy mien, thy tones, thy motion;/Thou needst not fear mine;/Innocent is the heart's devotion/With which I worship thine" In this poem Shelley is observing that he feels inferior to his maiden; he "fears" her kisses because he is intimidated by er perfection to the point where he feels as though he is stifling her, that she is compromising her own value by falling in love with him; this is why the maiden should not fear Shelley. He emphasizes his own faults in line 3, by stating that his spirit is "too deeply laiden" to be good enough for his maiden. He also mentions that everything about her is perfect, her body (mien), her voice (tones), and her walk (motion).
In the last line, Shelley asserts that he feels so inconsequential that he wishes to place his maiden on a pedestal and worship her, as opposed to treating her as an equal. In this way does Shelley show his unbounded passion for his maiden. Another example of this is in Julian and Maddalo, a long text wherein Maddalo is traveling to meet his beloved Julian.
William Hazlitt reviewed as "a Conversation or Tale, full of that thoughtful and romantic humanity… which distinguished Mr. Shelley's writings. " (500) The lines he most seemingly referred to were lines 13-19, which state "… I love all waste/And solitary places; where we taste/The pleasure of believing what we see/Is boundless, as we wish our souls to be. /And such was this wide ocean, and this shore/More han it's billows… Shelley is referring to the love that partners have for eachother; this love is boundless, with infinite possibilities for showing this passion, both physical and honorable.
True love turns away from faults and inefficiencies, which bound all other virtues (talent, strength, et cetera); Shelley wishes that his body had that kind of freedom, the freedom to roam around without a care in the world, and thus the freedom to do whatever he chooses, knowing that nothing will be affected by the mistakes he makes. Lovers whose love is true have this ability, the ability to forgive nd forget for the numerous errors that either partner commits. This is easily translatable to any era and any person, which is the meaning of Hazlitt's remark.
Yet another example of this can be seen in Arethusa, with the lines 19-37: And now from their fountains In Enna's mountains, Down one vale where the morning basks, Like friends once parted Grown single-hearted, They ply their watery tasks. At sunrise they leap >From their cradles steep In the cave of the shelving hill; At noontide they flow Through the woods below And the meadows of asphodel; And at night they sleep In the rocking deep Beneath the Ortygian shore; Like spirits that lie In the azure sky When they love but live no more. In this poem Shelley is playing on one of the most beloved fantasies of both men and women, which is for the gorgeous, breathtakingly beautiful woman to be swiftly carried away by a tall, handsome, strong gentleman to a remote island where the two of them can make love in peace until the end of their days.
Arethusa is carried by Alpheus to a luscious island where they act amorously until they die, their love for eachother lasting much longer than their mortal lives. More evidence of Shelley being the "incurable omanticist" comes in the poem The Dirge, which discusses a person who sees his significant other in a coffin: "Ere the sun through the heaven once more roll'd,/The rats in her heart/Will have made their nest/And the worms be alive in her golden hair/While the spirit that guides the sun/Sits throned in his flaming chair/She shall sleep. " (Hazlitt 494) Again Mr. Hazlitt remarks that this poem "… is a fragment of the manner in which this craving… this desire to elevate and surprise,… leads us to overstep the modesty of nature and the bounds of decorum. " (494).
In the poem, Shelley imagines that his ife, Mary, in the coffin, dead; he is so deeply in love with her that he cannot bear the thought of her death, and the thought of worms, rats, and parasites decomposing her once-dazzling body; the golden hair may or may not refer to Mary, because it is not certain that she had blonde hair, but rather one find finds his significant other's hair, rather amorously, beautiful, of extremely fine quality, like gold. The flaming chair refers to Purgatory, the weigh station before a soul can pass to heaven, according to the doctrines of Roman Catholic Christians. The thought of the inspiration for all of his assion being decomposed by parasitic, filthy creatures scares Shelley, as it would any other man whose woman lays in a coffin.
Thus, Shelley is able to emphasize unbridled, noble passion in his poems. Another theme Shelley exhibits in his poems is politics and social reform. Shelley spent many years in France during the French Revolution, at a time when the French did not respect any leader except Napolean. Europe set up the Congress of Vienna, whose job was to oust Napolean after he tried to take all of Europe, banish him to a remote island, and reset the borders of Europe to hat they were before they banished him. It took them two tries to get it right, because Napolean returned to France, where he was still revered, and attempted to conquer Europe again. He was finally defeated by the same general, and was banished correctly.
In his The Mask of Anarchy, Shelley asserts that "I met murder on the way- He had a mask like Castlereagh, Very smooth he looked, yet grim; Seven bloodhounds followed him. " (ll. 8-12) Lord Castlereagh was the United Kingdom's representative to the Congress of Vienna in 1819; Castlereagh had the Congress impose harsh sanctions on France, and he seven that followed him were seven countries that felt the same way, including Austria, Prussia, and Russia, the dominant military powers of the time. Shelley feels that the sanctions that Castlereagh imposed were too severe, and thus would lead to the demise of both France specifically and Europe in general.
Shelley proved to be a prophet, for much land was given to the Kaiser Wilheim II of Prussia, who then, drunk with power, formed Germany, a nation that then attempted – twice – to conquer all of Europe. Harold Bloom notes that "… the Power speaks forth, through a poet's act of confrontation ith it that is the very act of writing his poem, and the Power, rightly interpreted, can be used to repeal the large code of fraud, institutional and historical Christianity, and the equally massive code of woe, the laws of the nation-states of Europe in the age of Castlereagh and Metternich… " (87). Shelley, in writing this poem, is attempting to reveal the corruption at the Congress of Vienna.
Shelley's aforementioned wife, Mary, comments on her husband in a similar way. "… [Percy Shelley] had been from youth the victim of the state of feeling inspired by the French Revolution; and believing in he justice and excellence of his view, it cannot be wondered that a nature as sensitive, as impetuous, and as generous as his, should put it's whole force into the attempt to alleviate for others the evils of those systems from which he had himself suffered. " (ix). Mrs. Shelley is referring to Percy's whole-hearted faith in Napolean; he felt abused by the monarchy and the National Convention, which overthrew the monarchy in favor of a republic.
The commoners of France felt a void that only Naploean filled; Napolean gave the commoners a sense of nationalism and patriotism. And when Europe banished Napolean for a second time to a remote South Atlantic island. Shelley wrote this sarcastic sonnet, Feelings of a Republican on the fall of Bonaparte, in which a Napolean dissenter addresses the dead tyrant: "… For this I prayed, would on thy sleep have crept/Treason and Slavery, Rapine, Fear, and Lust,/And stifled thee, their minister. I know/Too Late, since thou and France are in the dust,/That virtue owns a more eternal foe/Than Force or Fraud, old Custom, legal Crime,/And bloody Faith the foulest birth of Time. " (ll. 8-14).
Notes Desmond King-Hele: "… in 1813 [Shelley] wrote, 'I am determined not to relax until I have attained a considerable proficiency in the physical sciences' … the first fruits of Shelley's astronomical studies appears in Notes to Queen Mab… " (164-165). Shelley's first note is the one that best xemplifies the point. "… 'The sun's unclouded orb/Rolled through the black concave'… Beyond our atmosphere the sun would appear a rayless orb of fire in the midst of a black concave. The equal diffusion of it's light on earth is owing to the refraction of the rays by the atmosphere, and their reflection from other bodies. " (Complete Works 135).
Shelley wanted to dispel the belief that the sun actually shot rays of light toward the earth, when in fact the "rays" that we see is light from the sun being refracted by the Earth and many other planetary objects in space. Shelley embraced this iew, and many other views of the modernists; and, as Desmond King-Hele noted, "… without understanding the science undertone, Prometheus Unbound loses half it's bite. " (169). In fact, in that piece is the belief that Shelley held, which was that he "… believed that fire, light, heat, caloric, phlogiston, and electricity were, of not identical, merely modifications of the same principle… the hypothesis certainly appealed to Shelley, who made good use of it in Prometheus Unbound. " (King-Hele 159).
King-Hele uses this passage as his evidence (177) : The bubbles, which the enchantment of the sun Sucks from the pale faint water-flowers that pave The oozy bottom of clear lakes and pools, Are the pavilions where such dwell and float… And when these burst; and the thin, fiery air, The which they breathed within those lucent domes, Ascends to flow like meteors through the night, They ride on them, and; and rein their headlong speed, And bow their burning crests, and glide in fire Under the waters of the earth again. In the passage, Shelley shows a phenomena between meteors falling into the Earth's atmosphere and bubbles from decaying vegetation as having the same theoretical principle.
Shelley sided with the modernists, with a view that was at the time considered novel but highly unlikely. Another piece of evidence for Shelley's science background comes from Ode to the West Wind, in which Shelley discusses clouds. "Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,/Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,/Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean. " (ll. 15-17). While his contemporaries felt that rain was a sign from God, Shelley had a more literal view.
"As Shelley sees it, about two-thirds of sky is blue and about one-third, from early overhead to as far as the eye can see west, is covered by a high filmy layer of white, streaky mare's-tail or plume cirrus… ow in the west are jagged detached clouds, scud or fractostratus, grey and watery, approaching fast in the rising wind… in the [stanza], the loose clouds shed like earth's decaying leaves in to the airstream, are the fractostratus clouds, harbingers of rain. " (King-Hele 215-216).
What Shelley describes in the poem is the last third of the sky, releasing it's rain like dead leaves off a tree in autumn; at the time, all things "falling from the sky" were thought to be sign of God; Gallileo said it best when asked where is God. "Certainly not up [in the sky]. " When asked then where was He, he replied, "How should I know? I'm a mathematician, not a theologian. Shelley showed that modernists like Gallileo were correct, that God could not ride a cloud around the Earth as Aristotle believed. Shelley shows that rain is also a scientific function, not a function of Him.
Thus, Shelley undertones many poems with science. In conclusion, Percy Bysshe Shelley had a lifetime of adventures from which he was able to form naive and romantic opinions, which undertone his poems. For example, he feels that love can conquer all obstacles, including distance, like Julian and Maddalo and Arethusa, fear of inferiority, as in "I fear thy kisses, gentle maiden", and even death, as in The Dirge. Shelley also laces his political poems with his romanticist views.
He shows his support for a tyrant who tried to conquer the known world twice in Napoleon, as in Feelings of a Republican on the Fall of Bonaparte; he attempts to stir emotions towards socialism in Song to the Men of England; and he attempted to smite the Congress of Vienna, which for a while brought order and stability ack to Europe, in The Mask of Anarchy. He also had what as considered naive views on the sciences, which admittedly are now known to be true.
He shows that all bodies operate under the same principle in Prometheus Unbound; shows how rain is made, indirectly by God, directly by clouds, not the other way as one in the 18th or 19th century might argue, in Ode to the West Wind; and he explained from where the sun's "rays" are coming, and again disproved the notion that God directly poured them into the Earth, in his Notes to Queen Mab. Thus, Shelley undertones his poetry with the naive views of life he held during his lifetime.
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Oldmixon Karate Club - Engan Karate
Provides general fitness and discipline. Karate classes which include basics, kata and sparring. Also self-defence. Competitions available for those so inclined. Families are welcome. Boosts confidence. The club has been running for over 24 years. Our Karate Club is for the instruction of age 5+…
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Parish Wharf's swimming facility includes a freeform pirates themed leisure pool with young childrens' slides, interactive water features, a beach area and two jacuzzis. Swimming sessions and lessons to suit all abilities are availalble. The dryside facilities which includes 4 court sports hall accommodating, badminton, football…
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Portishead Open Air Pool
Portishead Open Air Pool is situated on the promenade at the Lakegrounds at Portishead with stunning views of the estuary. Its heated pool and sunbathing terraces are very popular and the splash pool and cafe on site add to the facilities available. For more information…
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Gov. Kenneth Mapp has nominated acting Labor Commissioner Averil George to serve formally in that post. George has been serving as labor commissioner since June 25, replacing Catherine Hendry in the spot.
George was assistant director of the Division of Personnel from February 2015, shortly after Mapp took office, until taking up the post at Labor in June.
Before that, from May 2012 through January 2015, she was an audit supervisor at Pinnacle Services on St. Croix, according to her resume accompanying her nomination. Pinnacle is a major subcontractor for Hovensa.
George has a master's in business administration from the University of Phoenix, an Arizona institution specializing in online education. She has a degree in accounting from the University of the Virgin Islands.
Hendry, who served in the post since Mapp took office in 2015, submitted her resignation in June after advising Gov. Mapp that she was offered a position to serve as legal counsel for the V.I. Port Authority.
In August 2017, Public Works Commissioner Gustav James resigned. Gov. Kenneth Mapp named Nelson Petty Jr. to replace him.
In February 2017, Mapp replaced Commissioner of Human Services Anita Roberts after she faced criticism for abruptly moving some residents of St. Thomas's Sea View Nursing Home without coordinating with families and other agencies. Mapp appointed Felicia Blyden, a career Human Services employee, in her place.
The territory has also seen the heads of the V.I. Water and Power Authority and the V.I. Port Authority, neither of which is under the governor's direct authority, ousted by board members aligned with Mapp.
And the head of the West Indian Co. Ltd. has been replaced. After a March 2017 board vote, the WICO board of directors decided not to renew Joseph Boschulte's contract as president, which expired April 30 of that year. Former Sen. Clifford Graham took his place.
In May 2015, Mapp ousted V.I. Economic Development Authority Chief Executive Officer Percival Clouden, who had been placed in the position by Mapp's predecessor, Gov. John deJongh Jr. He replaced Clouden with Wayne Biggs, who served previously as head of the Division of Licensing and Consumer Affairs under deJongh. In February 2015, Mapp replaced Jennifer Nugent-Hill, the EDA's assistant chief executive officer. Those positions serve at the pleasure of the governor and have historically often changed hands with a new governor's arrival.


This is an exciting year to be involved in the Biking for Breakfast Challenge. We already have 16 riders who are registered (6 months before the event!) -- that translates into 99 spots are left to meet our goal of riders.
I'm sending out this email to all riders who are currently registered and those who have registered in previous years, to update you on a few changes and encourage early registration.
The first change is we have included an early and regular registration fee. The early registration fee remains the same as last year ($10). Our now new regular registration fee is $25. So, if you register before June 15, then you will receive our early registration.
Marks Work Wearhouse, a community-minded business, of Summerside and Charlottetown, are again offering a free t-shirt to the first 50 riders who register.
The third change is the Department of Education is providing us with two buses to provide shuttle transportation to and from the event. As the purpose of this event is a fund-raiser for breakfast school programs, the message is indeed the medium.
We also have a new $10 per trip transportation shuttle fee. As always, transportation shuttles are on a first-come first-served basis so register early and get your transportation fees in to insure you won't be disappointed.
Since the inception of BFBC, we have provided 246,641 breakfasts to children on PEI. You are invited to help us reach our goal of $15,000 in total pledges and 115 riders.
Take Care and I can't wait to be in the middle of all the excitement at North Cape on August 2, 2008!


Electricity industry associations such as Eurelectric and the former Union for the Coordination of Transmission of Electricity in Europe (UCTE) have long claimed that energy interconnections play an important role in stimulating political connections in Europe. This is borne out once again as countries in South Eastern Europe have formed an "Energy Community" which provides them with an important political and legislative basis for future entry into the EU. In fact, the Energy Community of South Eastern Europe is in many ways superior to the EU's own common energy policy.
South East Europe is expected to play a major role in bringing gas supplies from Central Asia and the Middle East to Europe.
In May, Moldova discretely became the eighth member of the Energy Community, joining Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia, the EU and MINUK (the United Nations' mission in Kosovo). Ukraine has applied for membership. Its accession depends on it adopting a key gas law that matches EU standards. Turkey and Georgia may join too.
The Energy Community Treaty, drawn up in 2005, is designed to help non-EU member states in South Eastern Europe to implement EU energy legislation and to pave the way for safe investment in the energy sector. In fact, the Energy Community is going further than that: countries in the Balkans are effectively a testing ground to see if a common energy policy can be developed at regional level within the EU as well.
The members of the Energy Community have begun by putting in place EU rules on electricity and gas markets: energy-related environmental and competition law, energy efficiency directives, as well as gas, electricity and security of supply directives. The Community is currently discussing implementation of the 2009 EU directive for the promotion of renewables and the latest oil stocks directive. On top of that, the Energy Community's social forum discusses issues such as employment in the energy sector and consumer issues.
The main rationale for the Energy Community is the necessity of the member countries to attract energy investments. The region's energy supplies are vulnerable because they rely on imports and both power generation and consumption are highly inefficient. To make matters worse, the economic crisis has had an adverse impact on the region's capacity to maintain or upgrade its stock of energy assets, according to a recent World Bank report. The important point is that high-quality energy supplies are needed to attract business. The fourth World Bank/European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS), conducted in 2008, showed that half of businesses in the region express concerns over power supply.
A key feature of the electricity sector in South Eastern Europe is that it is made up of small but, in many cases, fast-growing markets. In terms of final electricity consumption, the size of the markets varies between 3.2 TWh (Kosovo) and 25.6 TWh (Serbia). This compares for instance to 83.3 TWh in a country like Finland. The region has a mixed power generation structure mainly made up of conventional thermal and hydropower plants. Currently, only EU member states such as Greece, Romania and Bulgaria have domestic gas resources. By contrast, the members of the Energy Community are totally dependent on imports and some of them are regularly suffering from severe shortages of power. It is also difficult in most of the countries to get access to the grids and there is a lack of low-voltage grids. To improve their energy situation, Energy Community members have set up a Coordinated Auction Office for Cross Border Transmission Capacities in the region as well as a regional wholesale electricity market, based on successful examples in other European markets.
The Energy Community is also trying to boost gas imports into the region. The fragmented nature of the national markets makes it difficult to build a bulk gas transmission pipeline. Nevertheless, the fact that several major transmission lines crossing the Balkans en route to major markets in Western Europe are being planned, 'opens the possibility for spur lines to augment existing supplies to the South Eastern European countries', according to a study prepared last year by Economic Consulting Associates and commissioned by the Energy Community. On the basis of this study, the Energy Community developed the concept of a regional Gas Ring, which will connect their markets and will become the backbone of their internal gas market. All the member countries have already put in place gasification strategies based on the Gas Ring concept and are working to establish a sound institutional framework in terms of gas policies, regulatory frameworks, cross-border mechanisms and financing strategy.
Total investment in the Gas Ring infrastructure is expected to amount to a hefty $1 billion. However, the infrastructure need not be developed all at once. The first stage that is being envisioned now is to bring gas to new power stations in currently ungasified areas on the Adriatic coast. Those power plants would ensure that the investment in the Gas Ring would generate profits.
In some ways the Energy Community might even serve as a model for the EU's own energy policy framework. Recently several pleas have been made for a radical overhaul of EU energy policy. In April four energy think tanks called for more 'integration and coordination' in EU energy policy (See: Academics call for 'full rethink' of EU energy policy). In the same month, Jacques Delors' think tank Notre Europe called for the creation of a true 'European energy community' or at the very least 'a common European energy policy', which, Notre Europe argued, does not really exist at the moment (See: Let's get together). Although the EU is gradually integrating its gas and electricity markets by creating trans-European networks, establishing cross-border energy trade and improving the cooperation among Transmission System Operators (TSO's) and regulators, energy policy is still essentially decided at the national level. And although the notion of 'energy solidarity' has, for the first time, been put in the EU treaty, in reality, EU member states are not very keen to share risks and solutions and even less keen to talk to non-EU countries with a single voice.
So might the EU learn something from the Energy Community of South Eastern Europe? The Energy Community looks quite different from the EU's energy framework (which is built on market integration directives, climate legislation and security of supply policies). It has set up four forums: on electricity, gas, oil and social issues. Underpinned by working groups with specific task forces, they meet once or twice a year and bring together representatives of all the interested parties (industry, regulators, industry associations and consumer associations). All these forums report to a Permanent High Level Group, which prepares the decisions that then have to be taken by a Ministerial Council. A regulatory board made up of the regulatory authorities of member countries advises both the High Level Group and the Ministerial Council. It is an efficient system, although there is an obvious lack of institutional capacity in the countries involved. The term 'harmonisation', which is often used vacuously in the EU, takes on its full meaning here. The regional energy system is fully developed by all the countries together, each one taking into account the others' capabilities and situations. The region receives a great deal of energy-related technical assistance from international donor organisations, international financial institutions and bilateral donors. All this assistance is centralised by the Energy Community and shared among its members in full transparency.
Compared to fifteen years ago, progress has been 'impressive', says the Energy Community Secretariat's Director Slavtcho Neykov in an interview with EER (see below), although a lot remains to be done to establish an institutional framework on a par with the EU's. Nonetheless, the spirit of a genuine energy community underpins all the steps taken in the framework of the treaty. It is an example of how things could be in Brussels. Ironically, it was the EU that set up the Energy Community in the first place.
How has the Energy Community Treaty changed the economies of the member countries?
I see two major changes since the treaty entered into force in July 2006. First of all, many of the countries of South Eastern Europe involved in the Energy Community were at war with each other 15 years ago. They are now discussing joint energy policy and projects. This is a complete change in thinking and in the region's geopolitics. Secondly, what is visible are reforms, be they legislative, institutional or market reforms. This can be checked and seen. I emphasise this because, although they are neither complete nor perfect, you wouldn't see investors in the region otherwise. The big players are here because they need a favourable legislative framework and conditions.
What is the added value of the Energy Community Treaty for the region?
There is a considerable added value from a regional perspective, since the Community stimulates common values and policies. All the participating countries have understood that energy security is not a national issue but a regional one. There is also an added value in terms of economic efficiency. For example, several big power plants distributed among the different countries may not be economically viable, but thinking about the power supply on a regional basis changes the situation. Another example is that the countries are, by themselves, too small in terms of market size for an investment in underground gas storage or an LNG terminal. The Energy Community is the right framework to push countries to look at such issues together. What's more, investments go beyond national borders so you need common legislation.
What concrete achievements have you realised?
In concrete terms we have stimulated investments and privatisations. Look at the talks about a gas ring in the Balkans, involving Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia and the MINUK (Kosovo). Did you know that Albania has the best gas law despite the fact that it doesn't have any gas? Without such a law, nobody would invest there. This is not just theory. We now also have well-functioning regulators in all member countries. Note that the treaty was ratified by its signatories within six months of it being signed. The Energy Community has now been around for less than four years and a huge number of changes have already been implemented in that time. For countries coming from planned economic systems, you could call it "quick".
What are the main bottlenecks you are still facing?
We focus our attention on three areas. First, we have to adjust and strengthen the regulatory authorities. Even if we follow the EU approach, it is not yet complete or in place everywhere. The independence of regulators has to be monitored in particular. Second, there are shortcomings in terms of administrative capacities. The problem is that, although we have fabulous experts in all the member states, there are not enough of them: only three to five in each ministry. Third, market structures are still not perfect for electricity and gas – the latter especially has to improve considerably. The different players in a liberalised market (Transmission System Operator, Distribution System Operator, distribution companies, etc.) are not present everywhere. National markets have different levels of development in this regard.
The World Bank has recently produced a report, called "Lights out?", which warns of an impending energy crunch in the region. Do you agree that there is a danger of this happening?
For the time being there is no danger of an energy crunch because of the current economic crisis. In the longer term, it is clear that available capacities are not sufficient. But it doesn't mean that there is a danger, because there are possibilities of imports. From the perspective of production by our own sources, we have to think of building new capacity. The idea is to have countries self-sufficient as much as possible. A report of 5-6 years ago spoke of the necessity of a substantial amount of new domestic production capacity, but I think there are still lots of possibilities to upgrade existing capacity. Furthermore there is a major reserve in South Eastern Europe in improving energy efficiency.
What are you doing to avoid a worst-case scenario?
The Energy Community has a madate under the treaty for a common market approach and a common regulatory framework. Firstly, we are working now on the analysis of the investment process. This is mostly linked to interconnections, i.e. we push for security of supply through new interconnections in electricity and gas. Secondly, we are working on energy efficiency. There is a huge potential here. The members of the Energy Community have committed themselves to work towards the implementation of key EU energy efficiency directives by 2011. The Energy Community will prepare concrete action plans for each country and monitor their implementation. More generally, our overall work on the EU acquis contributes to solving the problem of security of supply, because at the end of the day, we create better investment conditions.
Slavtcho Neykov spent most of his career as a high level civil servant in various Bulgarian institutions, including the Ministry of Energy. He has qualifications as a lawyer and in foreign relations. His European experience comes from a two year stay at the Energy Charter Secretariat in Brussels and high level positions relating to EU integration in the Bulgarian Ministry of Energy. He was appointed Director of the Energy Community's Secretariat in September 2006.


text:
Fallen from Proust – Norman Allen Karren LaLonde Alenier
Twilight Bowl Chicago ,
Moby Dick, Chicago Chicago ,
Shakespeare in the Park, NY
André Holland and Annie Parisse in "All's Well That Ends Well"
Photo by Joan Marcus
Directed by Daniel Sullivan
Directed by David Esbjornson
The Public Theater/Shakespeare in the Park
Delacorte Theater, Central Park, New York
Through July 30, 2011
It has been a steamy summer in New York City. The newspapers have bristled with lurid, titillating details of high-placed politicians and their sexual peccadilloes: the New York state congressman and the Tweeted crotch shots; the French pol, the Guinean housekeeper, and the Sofitel room's semen-splashed wall. Those don't hold a candle, however, to the filthy doings at Shakespeare in the Park, where both plays in repertory pivot on what scholars refer to as a "bed trick." Basically, that means one woman saying to another, "Here's the deal: in order to save my brother, who's been sentenced to death for impregnating his fiancée, I need you to pretend to be me and have sex in the dark with this guy… who happens to be YOUR HUSBAND." Sheesh! If it weren't for those nice gay men and lesbians dancing in the streets to celebrate their newly proclaimed right to matrimony, who would be defending the institution of marriage from these kinky heterosexuals?
"All's Well That Ends Well" and "Measure for Measure" have long been lumped in the category of "problem plays" in the Shakespeare canon, because of their gymnastically contorted plots and their pile-up of bewildering decisions passed off as reasonably motivated human behavior. Director Daniel Sullivan, whose "Merchant of Venice" (which began in Central Park last summer and later moved to Broadway) was one of last season's highlights, has worked similar magic to give "All's Well" a lucid and beautifully performed staging. Meanwhile, despite some good ideas and canny casting, David Esbjornson's production of "Measure for Measure" remains an unpleasant mess. For the second season in a row, the Public Theater has scheduled the two Shakespeares to play in rep with the same ensemble of actors (see video shorts below).
"All's Well" centers on Helena (the excellent Annie Parisse), an aging and unmarried physician's daughter grieving her recently deceased father and pining for the love of Bertram (André Holland), the handsome but callow son of her benefactor, the Countess of Rousillion (an admirably regal Tonya Pinkins). When Helena applies her own healing powers to the failing King of France (John Cullum in a finely etched performance), he rewards her by decreeing that she can marry any man she chooses, and of course she picks Bertram. But he considers her beneath him, so the instant they're married he runs off to war in Tuscany with his sidekick, Parolles (a strangely sibilant and overemphatic Reg Rogers).
It's easy to associate Shakespeare only with a dozen or so often-produced academy-approved classics and forget how eccentric and downright weird the rest of them can be. Consider the crazy conversation between Helena and Parolles on the subject of virginity. Or the extended scene in which his fellow soldiers set out to expose what a coward Parolles is by kidnapping him, blindfolding him, and pretending to be foreigners speaking in gibberish ("Oscorbidulchos volivorco"). Even the King's reward to Helena signals a turnaround—isn't it usually the men who get to pick and choose their spouses, and the women forced to go along? This play includes more lengthy, intricate scenes between women (Helena and the Countess, Helena and the Florentine widow and her four daughters) than any other Shakespeare play I can think of. And these female conspirators pretty much control how the play arrives at its conclusion, though whether that conclusion lives up to the play's title depends on how you mean by "well."
Lorenzo Pisoni and Danai Gurira in "Measure for Measure"
Esbjornson's "Measure for Measure" begins and ends with two different flavors of nightmare. In a provocative though not entirely persuasive attempt to justify the play's first action, the director puts us in bed with the Duke of Vienna, where his sleep is disturbed by visions of naked black rubber demons with horns, tails, and dangly genitalia—apparently his vision of what a sewer the town was a couple of centuries before Mozart and Brahms got there. Convinced that somebody other than himself needs to clean up, the Duke deputizes the super-strict moralistic Angelo, and then he pretends to skip town but comes right back disguised as a monk to see how Angelo gets the job done. Like some 16th-century Taliban, Angelo immediately shuts down the brothels and starts arresting any fornicators he can get his hands on. But then when Isaella, a chaste young woman who's just about to become a nun, comes to plead for the life of her brother, who has been sentenced to hang for the heinous crime of impregnating his bride-to-be, her purity somehow inspires Angelo to do whatever it takes to get into her pants.
None of which makes any logical sense at all. All of which makes the play perfectly relevant to life on earth today.
I'm willing to believe that some productions manage to give the nutty twists and turns of "Measure for Measure" a modicum of plausibility, but this one doesn't. Key performances don't cohere. Lorenzo Pisoni, though well-spoken, is a flat-footed and perhaps too-young Duke of Vienna. Michael Hayden is a fine actor, and he plays Angelo without the kind of commentary that constantly reads "villainous." But I didn't buy his falling for Isabella, despite Danai Gurira's jewel-like performance (the evening's best). And this play's "bed trick," always hard to pull off, seemed especially bizarre—we're asked to believe that, in the dark, Angelo couldn't tell the difference between a short black woman with close-cropped hair (Gurira) and a tall white woman with luxurious hair (Annie Parisse as Mariana, the fiancée whom Angelo dumped when her dowry vanished).
Did I mention that this play is considered a comedy? Bearing that in mind as the play's grim, cruel events unfold helps to train the attention for the oddities that emerge from Shakespeare's text: something about stewed prunes, an idle question about "which of your hips has the most profound sciatica," and the speech in which Pompey, the clown who doubles as pimp, goes through the audience identifying regular customers of Mistress Overdone's whorehouse. Punk-clad Carson Elrod had a lot of fun with that last scene on opening night, leaving the stage and working the house, especially when he landed in the VIP section and got to add to the list "Bill Irwin, the world's greatest clown!"
I mentioned that the show ends with another nightmare. Typical for Shakespeare comedies, "Measure" concludes with a passel of marriages, but there's no guarantee that any of the couples thrown together at the last minute will live happily ever after. The Duke, whose capricious manipulations have wrought havoc all night, may think he's bestowing on Isabella the greatest reward imaginable by announcing that she gets to be his wife. But Esbjornson ends the play with Gurira's Isabella standing front and center looking out at us, bug-eyed with disbelief. And just to toss in the kitchen sink, the director cues up the Rolling Stones, so the actors take their bows and the audiences stream out of the theater to the tune of "Sympathy for the Devil." Well, why the hell not?
Don Shewey
don@donshewey.com
http://donshewey.com
Measure for Measure Philadelphia,
Lewis Whittington
Everything You Need to Know About Shakespeare in the Park 2014 New York,
Aaron Botwick
A Midsummer Night's Dream, Orinda, Calif. San Francisco,
Suzanne Weiss
Candida, Cal Shakes Suzanne Weiss


text:
Q: why response of restTemplate.exchange return null? I have blow code and my web service works well but does not return response :
ResponseEntity<Object> reponse=null;
        try {
            reponse = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, requestEntity, Object.class);

        } catch (HttpStatusCodeException e) {
            System.out.println("reponse="+reponse);

        }

my question is that,
why
response
is null but
restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, requestEntity, Object.class)
is not  null?

A: I was incorrectly searching for errors in response entity. But it is available in the exception.
} catch (HttpClientErrorException e) {
      System.out.println(e.getStatusCode());
      System.out.println(e.getResponseBodyAsString());
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


France's Socialist government vowed Thursday to do more to integrate the country's Muslims but warned that it would not tolerate the country becoming a hotbed of Islamic radicalism.
In a speech marking the inauguration of the Strasbourg Grand Mosque, the biggest Islamic place of worship ever built on French soil, Interior Minister Manuel Valls pledged to come down hard on extremists, warning that foreign activists trying to stir up trouble would be immediately deported.
But he also held out an olive branch to the country's four million Muslims by promising state help for the construction of more mosques and for the training of Muslim clerics.
Valls, whose rhetoric has frequently drawn comparisons with that of rightwing former president Nicolas Sarkozy, praised French Muslims for their measured response to the recent publication of a satirical weekly's publication of cartoons caricaturing the Prophet Mohammed.
"Islam has its place in France because the Islam of France, it is a part of France," he told representatives of the Catholic, Jewish and Protestant communities attending the official opening the mosque capable of hosting 1,500 people.
years by a string of controversies pitting their faith against France's secular tradition.
Legislation introduced under Sarkozy which bans women from wearing full veils in public is widely resented and long-running debates over halal methods of animal slaughter and whether public prayers should be authorised have added to tensions linked to the economic marginalisation of many Muslims.
Concern over the development of radicalism among some young French Muslims has meanwhile intensified in the aftermath of Islamist gunman Mohamed Merah's killing of seven people in the southern city of Toulouse earlier this year.
It is in this context that Valls has adopted much of the rhetoric deployed by Sarkozy during his time in office.
He warned Thursday that he would not "hesitate to expel those who claim to follow Islam and represent a serious threat to public order and, as foreigners in our country, do not respect our laws and values."
He also made it clear that the Muslim community as a whole had to accept responsibility for tackling extremism, which he linked to a reemergence of anti-Semitism in the country.
"France's Muslims can congratulate themselves on the singular model that they are building," Valls said. "Of course it remains fragile, not every problem has been solved or overcome.
"If all religions have their share of fundamentalists, it is in Islam that this raises fears. It was on French soil and with a French passport that Mohammed Merah killed in the name of Islam.
"Anti-Semitism is a terrible scourge and its resurgence cannot be disguised."
Built within two kilometres (just over a mile) from Strasbourg's celebrated cathedral, the new mosque has a capacity of 1,300 square metres (14,000 square feet), making it 1.5 times as big as the previous largest one in France, at Evry in the Paris suburbs.
It has a 16-metre copper dome but no minaret and has taken nearly two decades to complete since the project was first launched in 1993.
The cost of construction was €10.5 million ($13.5 million), with the local region and the governments of Kuwait, Morocco and Saudi Arabia all contributing.


text:
How the last two weeks changed everything for marriage equality
By Jenée Desmond-Harris Oct 23, 2014, 1:00pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: How the last two weeks changed everything for marriage equality
For same-sex couples that want to get married in America, the events of the past two weeks changed everything — or perhaps, proved how much everything already had changed.
On October 6, the United States Supreme Court effectively legalized marriages between gay men and women in 11 additional states, on top of the 19 (plus the District of Columbia) that already allowed it. That decision — though it was technically a choice not to weigh in on the issue — altered this modern civil rights battle so dramatically that even longtime LGBT rights advocates say they couldn't have predicted it
"I'm blown away by this," said James Esseks, a lawyer who heads the American Civil Liberties Union's legal efforts concerning LGBT rights, in an interview with the Washington Post.
And why wouldn't he be? Forget gay marriage for a moment. It wasn't so long ago anti-sodomy laws were still on the books in some states.
"I argued the big Supreme Court case, Lawrence v. Texas, when states were putting people in jail for same sex. At the time we didn't have any impression that we'd be this far along in 11 years," Paul Smith, a partner at the Washington, D.C. law firm Jenner & Block, told Vox. Even as recently as five years ago, he said, "It was hard to see it moving this quickly."
Marriage equality is the new normal
The Supreme Court, by refusing to hear appeals against pro-gay marriage decisions in Indiana, Oklahoma, Utah, Virginia, and Wisconsin, effectively legalized gay marriage in those states. But because the judicial circuits in question also covered Colorado, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kansas, West Virginia, and Wyoming, those states will also have to abide by the ruling.
Those 11 states join California, Connecticut, DC, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington, which have already legalized gay marriage.
According to calculations by the University of California, Los Angeles School of Law's Williams Institute think tank, that means that nearly two-thirds of same-sex couples in the United States will soon live in states where they can tie the knot.
And just 14 days after this major legal development, there was more: On October 20, President Obama declared more decisively than ever before that he believes the Constitution protects marriage between two men or two women.
That's quite the shift from when, as a candidate, he opposed same-sex marriage, only going as far as to support civil unions (and later "evolved" to believe "same-sex couples should be able to get married.") Yet, his remarks this week — where he went beyond mere support for the idea to calling it a constitutionally protected right — barely caused a stir.
A few years ago, this was unthinkable
New York City's Gay Pride Festival and March, 2013 (Shutterstock)
Perhaps, in both cases, that is what's most amazing: how routine the march of same-sex marriage has become, when a few short years ago, it was unthinkable.
In 2005, a New York Times op-ed tightly summed up the conventional wisdom on the politics of gay marriage: it was a catastrophe for Democrats that may well have lost them the 2004 election — even though their nominee, John Kerry, opposed marriage equality. "As last year's disastrous crusade for gay marriage illustrated, Democrats cannot allow their constituencies to draw them into political terrain that can't be defended at election time," Paul Starr wrote.
In 1996, when Barack Obama was running for State Senate in Illinois, he told a local gay newspaper that he supported same-sex marriage. "I favor legalizing same-sex marriages, and would fight efforts to prohibit such marriages," he wrote. But by 2008, he had gotten with the political program. "I believe marriage is between a man and a woman," he told MTV. "I am not in favor of gay marriage."
What's striking about Obama's latest "evolution," paired with the Supreme Court decisions, is how little political controversy they've created. National Republicans haven't condemned the decision as "judicial activism." The GOP's 2016 hopefuls haven't lined up to blast Obama's statement as another example of liberals trying to legislate from the bench.
"It's interesting, in the states where the decisions started to go into effect in the past few weeks, you haven't seen any great backlash. Everyone's just like, 'okay' ... " said Smith.
Let it sink in: that's an "okay" to the fact that legal same-sex marriage will be the norm in America — so much so that there's apparently an open spot for the issue that will be designated the "next big culture war." It's a collective shrug with massive significance.
There's probably no turning back
San Francisco's Gay Pride Parade, 2013 ( Kobby Dagan / Shutterstock)
While it's still possible that the Supreme Court could, in the future, decide there's not a constitutional right to same-sex marriage, nobody who follows these issues thinks that's likely. The New York Times declared that the decision "could signal the inevitability of the right of same-sex marriage nationwide." That's because, while there could be a future Supreme Court ruling on the underlying Constitutional question that Obama weighed in on, we now have a big clue about the justices' state of mind on this issue, and so do courts throughout the country.
"[The Court's recent action] supports the prevailing assumption that a majority of justices support a right to same sex marriage, and it will mean that lower courts are more likely to rule in the same way," said Smith.
And if, by chance, an appeals court does rule that state prohibitions against same-sex marriage are allowed under the Constitution, "the Court will clearly take the case and decide the issue," Esseks told the Washington Post. And, he said, the recent monumental action offers "more than a hint about what the Court will do."
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I carefully clear the airspace and start a steep(ish) 360 in the night sky somewhere west of Concord (KCCR) at 4,500', and one quadrant of the cockpit canopy fills with the lights on the ground. It's a great sight, and around we go. After rolling out on the 360 mark I hand JT the controls again, and tell her to try it herself this time. And so she does — she steers us around in her own 360, much shallower than mine, but pretty damn good for someone who's never been in a small GA plane before. She's already spent the past ten minutes flying us here from a few miles out of Livermore (KLVK) under my supervision, and she's kept us right-side-up and pretty much within a hundred feet of the target altitude all that time. I'm impressed; and she seems to be enjoying it a lot. As always with newcomers to small-plane GA flying, I'm really most relieved that she's not screaming "we're all going to die!!" or something while curled up on the floor. No one's ever done that yet, but that possibility is something I always keep in mind when I size someone up before taking them flying. I guess we've both passed this test.
JT's yet another acquaintance of mine willing to brave a flight with me, and here she is, climbing into the club's DA-40 with me on a cool October evening for a night VFR flight to Livermore for a bit of landing practice (my landings, that is, not JT's...) and then up to San Pablo Bay and back down the line of the hills to Hayward. I'd originally planned this flight for yesterday evening, and on my own, but someone (I know who you are!! :-)) forgot to leave the DA-40's keys and paperwork in the after-hours dropbox and I couldn't fly. And then on a moment's notice it turns out that JT would like to come along, and since these sorts of flights are always much more enjoyable with someone who actually likes flying coming along with you, I jumped at the chance, and rebooked for this evening. And so here we are….
After the impromptu 360's we fly on up and out over a dark-looking San Pablo Bay and back down over Richmond, Berkeley, and Oakland to Hayward (KHWD), where we land in that video game way I love with night flying. It's a beautiful clear night, and the traffic is minimal, and (once again) it's a reminder of why I keep flying.


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Video: Little Girl Is Terrified & Can't Stop Crying After Meeting An Albino Girl For The First Time!
Little Girl Has A Priceless Reaction After Her Eating Chitlins For The first Time!
Oh My: Shorty Can't Dance But Her Painted Body Is All That Matters Here!


text:
49% FDI limit not enough for defence technology transfer: US
Article Posted on : - Sep 20, 2015
WASHINGTON (PTI): The current policy of 49 per cent FDI limit is not enough for transfer of high-tech defence technologies involving intellectual property rights, a top Pentagon official has said as India and the US are expected to hold talks on jet engine technology.
When asked if the 49 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) limit in the defence sector would be a hindrance in the transfer of jet engine technology, Keith Webster, Director and International Cooperation Office of the Under Secretary of Defence for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics told PTI, "Yes, it would".
However, India has given assurance to the US that it is willing to waive of the current 49 per cent FDI limit on a case by case basis if there is a compelling case.
"They said they would definitely consider doing that. Our industries and government, we made clear that where there is industry anxiety over control of technology, it (FDI) has to be greater than 49 per cent," Webster said.
"And what we have been told is that in those instances they would consider exercising that policy option," he said.
The US industry is actually very forthcoming and upbeat on new opportunities in India in the field of jet engines.
"That does not mean unilaterally handing over intellectual property that they invested billions of dollars in developing 70 years. That is not going to happen," he said.
"There are opportunities available for partnership in aircraft production and ultimately design. There might be some joint design work," he added.
The first meeting of the India-US Joint Working Group on jet engines and the signing of the terms of reference in this regard is likely to be held in India in about six weeks.
The creation of this joint working group on jet engines was announced early this year when US President Barack Obama visited India.
Its first meeting was scheduled this month in India, but was postponed at India's request.
Noting that the jet engine technologies are owned and developed by the industries, Webster said in order to move forward with any technology that is owned by an industry, the industry needs to see a credible business case moving forward.
All that the US can do is to try facilitate a dialogue, to understand in that discussion what are the things the government can do to contribute to India's needs.
"We are happy to provide our expert opinion on their approach to engine design and test," he said, adding that the US has a long history in government of proofing industry's designs and capabilities to ensure they meet military specifications.
"We can help advice. We can share approaches to tactics techniques and testing engines, proofing engines and validating capabilities of engines," Webster said.
US India Defence Jet Engine Technology Aircraft FDI
US rules out F-35 jets to Turkey as it buys S-400 from Russia
IAF prepared to fight across entire spectrum of warfare: Air Force chief
Defence products' exports to exceed Rs 35,000 crore target: Official
Turkey receives first delivery of Russian S-400 missile system: Ankara
Turkey has received the first batch of Russia's S-400 missile defence system, the Defence Ministry has said, despite repeated warnings from its NATO ally United States against the purchase.


text:
The Unexpected Problem With Wind Power
While it can be an excellent source of clean power, wind power also kills a lot of wildlife, including bats.
Wind turbines at dusk
By: James MacDonald
November 17, 2016 May 3, 2019
In recent decades, renewable energy has taken off, but fossil fuel alternatives are not always completely benign. Take for example, wind power. While it can be an excellent source of clean power, wind power also kills a lot of wildlife. Migrating birds collide with the whirling turbines, but recent research has revealed that the species with the most casualties may actually be bats (some of which are protected by law). Why are hundreds of bats killed by wind turbines each month? And can anything be done about it?
Research has yielded a lot of speculation but few firm answers. Certain kinds of bats, especially tree-roosting, migratory bats, seem to be especially vulnerable. It is not as simple as bats accidentally passing too close to turbines. Evidence is mounting that bats are actively attracted to turbines.
Scientists don't know exactly why bats are attracted to turbines, but there are multiple theories. Various bat behaviors, including feeding and mating, may draw bats closer to the whirling blades. Turbines are typically the tallest structures in a landscape, which may make them attractive as gathering places for bats. Bats are particularly vulnerable during migration, when they tend to be flying higher, closer to wind tower altitudes, and echolocating less, making it harder to detect the blades. Bats may even simply be curious.
Trauma discovered on bat bodies suggests that they are actively hit by the turbines, rather than colliding with stationary towers. A direct strike is not necessary to kill a bat, however; turbulence created by the blades can cause fatal internal injury even to bats unfortunate enough simply to pass too close.
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Fortunately, there may be ways to mitigate the damage. Research has shown that bats are most vulnerable at lower wind speeds when the blades turn more slowly. This is especially true when the blades first start to turn, known as cut-in. Accordingly, increasing the minimum wind-speed at which the turbines cut in drastically reduces bat mortality without dramatically decreasing power production. Notably, it is still unclear why exactly this method is effective. Either way, solving the bat problem is crucial if wind power is to live up to its environmentally-friendly billing.
Have a correction or comment about this article?
alternative energybatssustainabilityFrontiers in Ecology and the EnvironmentJournal of Mammalogy
JSTOR is a digital library for scholars, researchers, and students. JSTOR Daily readers can access the original research behind our articles for free on JSTOR.
Causes of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines: Hypotheses and Predictions
By: Paul M. Cryan and Robert M. R. Barclay
Journal of Mammalogy, Vol. 90, No. 6 (Dec., 2009), pp. 1330-1340
American Society of Mammalogists
Altering turbine speed reduces bat mortality at wind-energy facilities
By: Edward B Arnett, Manuela MP Huso, Michael R Schirmacher and John P Hayes
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 9, No. 4 (May 2011), pp. 209-214
A Black Sea Shipwreck Trove
A remarkable discovery has been made in the Black Sea: 42 extremely well-preserved ships spanning a millennia from the ninth to the nineteenth century CE.
I Could Spend All Day Looking at the Covers of These LGBTQ Publications
How Language and Climate Connect
The Downfall of the American Cowboy
Anthropologists Hid African Same-Sex Relationships
Art Is Good for Your Brain
Why Deep-Sea Creatures Get Weirdly Giant
A giant squid sighting has us wondering all over again: how on earth do deep-sea creatures get so large?
Will the U.S. Ever Catch a High-Speed Train?
Over 20 countries have high-speed train travel, carrying 1.6 billion passengers a year. The United States is lagging behind.
The Meaning of Methane on Mars
Curiosity rover's recent report of methane on Mars isn't the first time the gas has been indicated. Does it necessarily mean that Mars harbors life?
Meet the Man Behind the Peony
In China, gramophone and camera in tow, botanist and explorer Joseph Rock collected seeds from the tree peony that bears his name.
What Should We Do about Our Aging Prison Population?
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The annual Hand & Lock Prize for Embroidery was established in 2000 to give new designers, interested in embroidery, the opportunity to showcase their talents and gain vital exposure and experience. In recent years it has been expanded to include textile artists, interior and accessory designers as well as those working in fashion. The competition strives to highlight the exquisite craftsmanship and skill that goes into this intricate craft and bring together the whole embroidery community to celebrate.
Now, the Prize receives of entries from fashion students and talented embroiderers from all over the world. Former winners have gone on to start their own successful businesses, work in the industry for top design houses and even join the team here at Hand & Lock. A significant and important part of the London fashion calendar, the annual prize-giving event, now draws industry professionals, designers and influencers keen to see the latest embroidery talent.
Each year the Prize opens with an online registration followed by a two month window when entrants can upload evidence of their work in progress or completed. Each year entrants are encouraged to follow a specially written brief and, if selected for the second round, work with an expert mentor to perfect their submission in time for a final live judging event.
Please click here for all the key Prize dates throughout the year.


text:
Media-management platform transition continues
Faculty should activate fall-semester courses in Blackboard Learn.
Stroup looks back on nearly 40 years in nursing
MSU Denver community is invited to celebrate her career and contributions at a July 25 reception.
Expand your education with LearnOn
Fall classes include a crash course in caregiving and managing emotions through yoga.
ITS scheduled maintenance July 24-25
Banner system will be temporarily unavailable
PeopleAdmin is sporting a new look
Learn how interface changes might affect your use and how to navigate them
Wanted: your attendance at Convocation
One night of welcoming students to the Roadrunner family can have a lasting impact on their success.
Tomorrow is (Roadrunner Red) Friday...
Show your MSU Denver pride!
Recent arrivals and departures
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As part of preparation work I'm doing for a presentation to the Melbourne's Patterns & Practices group in October on LINQ and PLINQ. I thought I would cover off the basics of LINQ in .NET 3.5 and 3.5 SP1 in this post. The changes in .NET 4.0 in the next post, and then a discussion about PLINQ in a third post.
O.k. so let's sum up the basics. The core concept of LINQ is to easily query any kind of data you have access to in a type-safe fashion. Be it SQL Server stored, a collection (i.e. something implementing IEnumerable) or an xml data structure. A further addition to this power is the ability through C# 3.0 to create projections of new anonymous structural types on the fly. See the first code sample below for the projection; in that simple examples it's the creation of an anonymous type that has 2 attributes.
Continuing on with my "medical theme" used for the WCF posts, here is a simple schema layout of the system, consisting of a patient and a medical treatment/procedure hierarchy. This is given the title of 'MedicalDataContext' to be used in our LINQ queries.
These items have been dragged onto a new 'LINQ to SQL Classes' diagram from the Server Explorer > Data Connections view of a database.
Note: The patient table structure doesn't have a field called 'FullName' I make use of a partial class extending its properties to add a read-only representation, check out this post by Chris Sainty for more info on making use of partial classes with LINQ.
At this point we can now iterate over each item in our 'sched' (scheduled procedures) collection.
This brings me to another key point 'Delayed Execution' or ('Deferred Execution') check out Derik Whittaker's: Linq and Delayed execution blog post for a more detailed walk through.
Basically the query we defined earlier is only a representation of the possible result set. Therefore when you first make a call to operate on the variable representing the query results, that's when execution will occur.
So it becomes a program flow decision whether to always execute the query live when it's being processed (i.e. most up-to-date data) or to force a single execution then make use of that data in the current process flow. A forced execution can be easily achieved several ways, the simplest choice is to just create a new list object via ToList() to execute the fetching of the data.
So far this has all revolved around accessing data in a SQL Server Database (the setup of a LINQ to SQL class). LINQ's purpose is to be able to query any form of collection of data.
Now let's say we wanted to obtain some information through recursion of a class using reflection.
Note: a business case for the use of reflection is often tied very deeply into some limitation, special case, etc. So a more specific example would take us well away from the topic of LINQ. So will keep this example trivial, this could just as easily manipulate a more useful class object to interrogate it.
For an off-topic discussion, check out this article by Vance Morrison post titled Drilling into .NET Runtime microbenchmarks: 'typeof' optimizations, as a discussion of the use of 'typeof' in my above query.
For a more typical business case example using a LINQ statement to fetch a collection of controls and operate on them (in this case disable them). Here we're operating on a Control collection.
LINQ to SQL generates classes that map directly to your database.
LINQ helps you manipulate strongly typed results (including intellisense support).
"LINQ to SQL" is basically "LINQ to SQL Server" as that is the only connection type it supports.
There is a large set of extension methods out of the box check out for samples: 101 LINQ Samples.
Before we get stuck into a full scale example, I've prepared a simple checklist of tasks required to get a basic service up and running.
Refer to this checklist to get your first WCF solutions up and running quickly.
If you haven't done things right one of the very early exceptions you might receive is an InvalidOperationException and it will name the Contract that you haven't implemented correctly. This is likely to be caused by a flaw in your app.config (server side).
Other exceptions to look out for are those when you attempt to call the service and either endpoints are misconfigured or implementations aren't complete.


EVANESCENCE has selected Paul Fedor (DEFTONES, ALICE IN CHAINS, ADEMA) to direct "Lithium", the second video from the band's "The Open Door" album. More information will be made available soon.
STONE SOUR is continuing to tour behind "Come What(Ever) May". As the follow-up to their four-year-old debut album, which was twice Grammy-nominated, certified gold and contained the huge rock hit "Bother", "Come What(ever) May" is filled with volatile songs that mix heaviness with sharp hooks. The songs question the motives of false prophets (the title cut), tear apart hypocrisy ("Sillyworld") and smash complacency ("30/30-150", "Hell & Consequences").


Our broad range of expertise and up-to-date knowledge on European policy and legislation enable us to provide clients with tailor-made advice and intelligence to inform their work and allow them to make considered contributions to key policy debates. Key clients include national government departments and agencies, other public bodies and non-governmental organisations.
We hold a contract with the UK's statutory bodies for nature and landscape conservation, providing them with regular updates on EU-level developments related to their work.
This work was funded by the statutory nature, natural heritage and landscape conservation agencies in the UK, as part of a contractual arrangement with IEEP to provide intelligence on EU environment policy and other policies which impact on the environment. It reflects the independent views of IEEP and not necessarily the views of the funding bodies.
For further information contact Emma Watkins.