Starting with this article, we propose to our readers a journey through the mysterious and charming universe of the runes.
Much has been written about these ancient symbols of knowledge. What we offer in the following articles is a small guide for rune divination, clearly explained. Going through the Rune's Wheel, explaining them two by two, depending on the way they can be positioned, and learning their interpretation.
Why are the runes useful? What purpose do they serve? We'll try to answer these questions from multiple points of view: divinatory, magical and ascensional. Runes have ascensional purpose, meaning they can help people going through ascensional and evolutionary processes. Every culture on Earth functions on certain informational codes, those vibrational light keys encoded in everyone's DNA. Today, every embodied spirit has these keys in its spiritual DNA, depending on its origin and evolution. Certain spirits have sound and colour keys, and mostly present in shamanic cultures. Other spirits have sanskrit sounds as vibrational keys, these embodied in European and Asian regions, finding joy and spiritual fulfillment by studying Hindu and Buddhist scriptures. Other spirits have a semitic spiritual gene, their DNA being structured by Hebrew coordinates, finding spiritual fulfillment through the study of Kabbalah.
There are a few major families of primordial languages, or better said, light codes, and their study would take a long time, but its enough to say that nordic runes, or the old Futhark alphabet, represents one such family. Many are attracted to runes because these are part of their spiritual genetic code, or as the old nordic poets said, runes are in their blood and souls. By using the runes, certain people discovered not only a huge interest in knowing more about them, but also a special evolutionary and spiritual leap. Wisely and moderately used, runes reopen the energetic channels of people resonating with them, and helps them reactivate the subtle structures that have been lost or dormant.
Despite recent popular belief, initiation is not needed to link through runic energies, nor paying for Reiki or biodetection systems attunement, reason being they use runic symbolism. Those possessing runic origin light codes will naturally be attracted to them, unhindered and intuitively working with them, without the need of diplomas or prestigious lineages. Although belonging to the Old Era, they don't belong to the Old Energy, unless we want to.
Good runes work can be done in the New Energy, providing they are treated as intimate messengers of our own genetic language. From a magical standpoint, runes can be used for manifold purposes, but again, the subject is so vast, that we can't even begin discussing it, making it the object of the science called Runology. However, we'll talk about the divinatory nature of the runes, meaning their use to access information, namely Runomancy.
As any other divinatory system; be it Tarot, Bibliomancy, Radiestesia, Oneiromancy etc., Runomancy offers a wide array of information, depending on the knowledge we seek. It is not a method for future predictions, although it can offer informations on subsequences by predictability, nor a method for spying on others, although it can sometimes spare us of the inconveniences that others might impose on us. Simply put, runes are the intermediary language between us and the unseen, superior world, if used properly, an alternative tool of communication from the subconscious or superconscious.
Where does the information come from? From Angels? Devils? Gods? From the Holy Spirit? Neither. There is no specific source, nor an entity delivering answers, but ourselves. Integrated in our structures, there is the Inner Self. It must not be confused with the Ego, nor personality, nor with the notion of something inferior or negative. It's the counterpart of the Superior Self, manifesting as the human autopilot, a soul being most often seen as childish by clairvoyants. It interferes when we need information, or use our instinct and intuition. The Inner Self has access to all possible informations, for being part of a Inner Selves Universal free network: those of minerals, plants, animals, people and even of the planet itself.
Because not everyone can directly connect to the Superior Self, people turn to the Inner Self. Every time we instinctually choose between two options, every time we forbear action when it doesn't feel right, or simply know something without being told, it is this Self acting. This connection is most often met between mothers and children, and twins, intuitively knowing when the other is in danger, or needs help. Most people, erroneously allot these things to the sphere or Telepathy. Telepathy is mental, consisting of words, thoughts and concise formulating, whereas the Inner Self uses the whole array of human senses, from body sensations, emotions or feelings, to inexpressible emotional conditions.
Whenever using a divinatory technique, we turn to the Inner Self. The Inner Self determines the best expression of answers by accessing the informational field. If using the Tarot, we'll pull the most expressive card concerning the situation. If using the pendulum or divining rod, these will send signals to our brain producing incredibly subtle muscular movements, which will guide the muscle by moving the object until we have a movement we can interpret.
If using Runes, we'll pull the most suitable runes, in the most expressive positions for a specific answer. Nothing is haphazard, and nothing happens without the awareness of universal intelligence, that being an aspect of God. Great, the Inner Self does all the work, you'll say! What about the Superior Self? The Superior Self is our help in the art of divination. It is the wisdom that we turn to and must demonstrate. Lacking a good and clean connection to our Superior Self, makes divination difficult, arduous and imprecise.
After our introduction into divination, we'll now dive into the Nordic Arcana, into using runes.
Where do they come from? How are they organized? How are the runes used?
From a historic perspective, the runes used by the nordic people emerged from proto-latin alphabets, or possibly fenician alphabet brought by merchants. Scientist haven't yet concluded their origin. From mythical perspective, they have an interesting story: obtained by the god Odin, acclaimed among germanic people, from the guardian of the Tree of Knowledge, the giant Mimir. Odin sacrifices himself, spending several nights pierced by the tree, receiving during his suffering the knowledge of the runes, later revealing it to humans. In the nordic world, Odin's sacrifice, is not seen as an atrocious act, but a necessary one, delivering a priceless gift to humanity, same as Osiris's death for Egyptians and Jesus's for Christians, are celebrated as initiatic thresholds and cosmic events.
The icelandic set contains 18 Runes, based on nordic, old magic keys, Iceland being long thought as the last Thule or the last remnant of Atlantis. The classic set, which we will study, contains 24 signs and is the most wide-spread, also known as Elder Futhark, while the Anglo-Saxon, the most complex, contains 32 signs encompassing great wisdom, together with multidimensional sacred geometry keys. Our inquiry shows existing ways to activate the human crystal field Merkabah by using this set, through special techniques.
Classic runic alphabet, that we'll slowly slowly explore, has 24 runes, each with it's own sound, name and meaning. Divided into three sets (aettir), each pertaining to a tutelary god. The first aett is Freyja's, representing the manifesting feminine energy, and comprises the runes Fehu, Uruz, Thurisaz, Ansuz, Raidho, Kenaz, Gifu and Wunjo, representing sounds F, U, Th, A, R, K, G and respectively V, source for their names. The second, Heimdall's aett, mooring neutral energies, comprises runes Hagalaz, Nauthiz, Isa, Jera, Eihwaz, Perthro Algiz and Sowilo, representing sounds H, N, I, Y, EI, P, Z and respectively S. The last one, Tyr's aett, representing dominant masculine energies, comprises runes Tiwaz, Berkano, Ehwaz, Mannaz, Laguz, Ingwaz, Dagaz and Othala, representing sounds T, B, E, M, L, NG, D and respectively O.
In antiquity, the runes were used for multiple acts or magick: Victory Runes were chiseled into swords, safety runes grazed in viking's vessels, runes to expunge poison scratched on cups and runes drawn on houses, thresholds, posts, or beams to protect or bring prosperity. When their divinatory power was needed, german priests would cut the branches of fruitful trees, inscribing them with runic signs, resulting the alternative naming of staff or wand.
In modern times, runes can be found in great diversity of forms, ready made sets, from bones, wood, nacre or mother-of-pearl, river stone or semiprecious stones. Some still use runic sticks or hardened fruit stones, even white beans runes, as oddly as it may sound. Regardless of the set's appearance, hand crafting your own is ideal. You can obviously opt for buying ready made sets, but inscribing each rune makes familiarizing its vibration more efficient.
A good compromise is buying pieces to later inscribe ourselves. Pieces of wood or plywood, flat river or sea stones, almond or apricot seeds, anything that serves this purpose. As an oracle, resembling Tarot, runes can be drawn on play cards size cardboard pieces. There's endless possibilities, depending on everyone's creativity. Usually, red paint is used for runes drawing, as color markers are easily accessible. New utensils are preferably used in creating a rune set: Hand polishing the wood plates using sandpaper, carefully washing the rocks, while oracle cards would be cut from new cardboard sheets. Also using new brushes or markers.
As agreed, we'll now attend the subject of extracting, positioning and interpreting runes.
Extracting a single rune is the simplest. Best for this method is a short and concise question. Questioning for a Yes or No answer. After the opening prayer, with our eyes closed, we'll draw one rune, vertically laying it before us. When opening our eyes, we shall see if it is faced downwards or upwards. If it is downwards, we'll turn it horizontally not vertically. There are four possibilities. First is the rune named Wyrd. Every set contains a blank rune, uninscribed, of which many believe it represents the karmic aspect, although there's no historic proof of a blank rune, reason being a badly formulated question, or the Divine Plan blocking the answer. The question will be postponed. If absurdly, same question receives the the blank rune thrice, better stop asking as the answer might not want to be known. Second possibility is drawing an upright rune for an affirmative answer. A reversed rune for a negative answer, being the third possibility. Forth possibility is drawing one of the nine symmetrical runes. These look the same upright or reversed, meaning an unbiased answer. Either the question was too general, or the answer is influenced by future actions.
For example, a much too general question would be; Will i get my driving licence? Yes and no… Maybe we will, however on our tenth try. Not mentioning specific details, gives us correct answers, but useless. A woman might ask: Will i get married in July? The answer might be Yes. Now, it could be July of the ongoing year or July, 2057! The answer is correct, but useless… The correct question, would have mentioned the year. A question with a variable answer, for example, is: Would i become rich? This is totally depending on us, how hardworking we are or how little we act. Another simple draw is to find details on a particular situation or person. The answer could be immensely general, so formulating the question precisely is a must. Questions like: How will today go? or what is X like? So that we can grasp the idea before us. Slightly more complicated is a three rune spread. Drawing them in turn, eyes closed, whispering their representation. Drawing along these lines: Past, Present, Future, Reason, Situation, Outcome, Problem, Manifestation, Resolution, Affection, Sickness, Treatment, the possibilities are infinite. It's the fastest and most precise short spread, and by deeply understanding the meaning of each rune, answers can be very precise. We can better understand ambiguous situations, disclose hidden motivations of people surrounding us and find the most favourable solutions for an array of problems. By finding the cause of a problem, our understanding grows and the course of action becomes clear.
There are also more complex rune spreads, like Destiny's Paths, Wheel of the Week, Wheel of the Year, or Wheel of Houses. Wheel of Fortune uses six runes. First on the bottom, second laid on top, third on top of the first two, followed by the forth. The fifth positioned on the left and the sixth to the right, resembling a tree, a trident or the Eihwaz rune. First rune represents the primary, karmic source of the problem, or root cause, a lesson to learn in order to move forward. Second rune represents the past, what is already there,making the problem escalate. Third rune represents the present, present unfolding of the problem. While the remaining three are future possibilities. Forth rune, in the middle, represents the future outcome without interference, if we let everything run it's course, ignoring or delaying solving the problem. The left is the negative path, if we act selfishly, destructively or neglectful, furthering our mistakes, deepening our sorrow. Last rune is the positive path, where we act faultlessly, wisely, rationally and undeterred.
Applications are practically endless, depending on the aspect of the problem, forethought circumstances, and our outlook concerning the problem. Wheel of the Week is simple enough: as the name suggests, we draw 7 runes, laying them in a circle or a straight line, each representing a particular day of the week. Drawing at sunrise, on the new week's first day. Meanings can be general (How will this week go?) or precise (How will my health unfold this week? How will my business develop this week?). The rest are as simple. Wheel of the Year uses twelve runes, one for each month, drawing them on New Year's Eve, or at sunrise on January first. Wheel of Houses can be done at any time, assigning them to astrological houses. It can be done on your birthday for insights into the personality or destiny of an individual.


Insulated GORE-TEX parka in feminine cut. It is waterproof 28.000mm and inslulated with microfiber insulation so it is warm without weight. The GORE-TEX fabric is light so it is easy to move around in this parka. It has two hidden zipped front pockets and on zipped inside pocket. All seams are taped to make sure it is waterproof. The hood can be removed, hidden zipper in collar. Matte appearance. Stylish and contemporary parka for everyday use as well as for skiing or other outdoor activities. The parka runs small in sizes so we recommend going a size up. Fabric: 100% Polycaprolactam.


Will Comcast buy Dreamworks Animation and make their dreams come true?
The word on the street is that Comcast (CMCSA) wants to buy DWA for $3 Billion.
It's trying to copy Disney's (DIS) masterful acquisitions.
Since Robert Iger became Disney's CEO in 2005.
They've acquired Pixar for $7.4 Billion.
And Lucasfilm for $4.06 Billion.
Comcast wants to add attractions at their Universal theme parks.
Happy Potter attractions have boosted attendance at Universal Studios.
So has their Minions rides.
Plus they are selling a lot of themed-merchandise at the theme parks and online.
Comcast is planning on building a 300 acre them park in China for $3 Billion.
It plans to open up the theme park to the public in 2019.
If it buys Dreamworks Animation, Comcast will have access to its movie franchises.
And the crown jewel for a theme park in China?
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In the past, Hasbro (HAS) was rumored to buy DWA.
But that deal didn't happen.
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Constellation Brands (STZ) reports earnings Friday January 5th, 2018 before the bell. It hasn't missed earnings the past 3 years!
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While we were in the area, I was able to get a jump on all things Cultivated Journey as G.R. was in class all day, every day. On the weekends we would get out to find markets, breweries & get to the ocean every chance we could. The main problem that kept us from spending more time at the actual beach during our stay this year was red tide … but, you can't help mother nature! We went lots of places & I will do my best to highlight some that we would recommend.
In Palmetto, one of the first places we went was The Sea Hut (Crab Trap) Restaurant. It is on (estuary, Terra Ceia Bay) water & not far from Terra Ceia RV Resort. The inside is nice – in a classic old school meets kitschy way, but it works because you feel endeared to it by the time you leave. We liked it & went several times while we were there. Seafood (crab especially) is king here. G.R. loved the blue crab quesadilla he got (they serve them 'pizza style') which means it like the best, crisp mini pizza. The spinach salad & clam chowder are worth having. I can also attest to their fried seafood as I ordered the Red Neck Platter one time (come on, I HAD to … we are from the mid-west!). It had catfish, frog legs & 'gator. All of them were excellent.
There is a farmer's market by Demi's Noodle House that is worth going to either after or before you hit Demi's for GREAT Pho!! I was really missing our favorite Pho place in Kansas City, Viet Cafe, so I took a shot based on reviews & they were right! It was excellent. The farmers market was next door, so go on a Saturday & get both on your way to Emerson Point Preserve. The preserve is someplace you can spend all day so take your bike or wear your walking shoes & pack snacks/water. There are beach areas, hiking trails, bike area & (supposedly) alligators but we didn't see any.
For food (groceries), besides the farmers market I mentioned, there are a few more farmers markets in the area but if you can, check out Red Barn Flea Market on a weekend as they have a large farmers market at one end but also includes a flea market, plaza shops & food courts & even some live entertainment… it's an experience. There's a Publix (good for regular groceries & they DO deliver to Terra Ceia- so that was a "score"!) but there's also Primo Market (full Hispanic market with a LOT of selection), Palmetto Meat Shop & Detwiler's Farm Market. If you can only pick one of these three, go to Detwiler's! They are a local (original one in Sarasota & there's only 3 total …?) and as a point of reference it's like a local farmer/fisherman-centric natural market. The interior (shelves) are more limited in brands (great is you are looking for dietary specific need items) But for the produce, dairy & meat – yes, I know, I am a broken record on the subject – they are awesome! We did not make it to Palmetto Meat Shop, but I heard rave reviews as well as read many more online …so, if any of you make it there, please tell me if it lives up to the hype!
We hit two breweries while we were there that we would recommend. 3 Keys Brewing & Eatery was the first one we hit. We loved the fact that they have a kitchen & thus, a real menu. There is no fryer (meaning no fries, etc) but you don't miss them & the burgers are great. Also, they have an entire wall covered with mugs for their Pints Club — awesome! We also went to Motorworks Brewing & loved it as well. They have a HUGE outdoor area -you will love 'the tree' with lights & the outdoor game area is terrific plus a stage for bands which play weekly.
Before you go to Motorworks (or after) GO TO Birdrock Taco Shack. It is literally on the street just behind it in the art district. I can't say enough about this Chef-owned, super artsy, eclectic (little) restaurant that has what they are doing, why & for whom DIALED IN! Just trust me & GO! The taco menu changes (because the Chef sources local AND is just creative like we Chef's can be) but do order the Avocado Guac. it's terrific! Tacos are life. My Alex would have been beside himself at this place!
If you have a sunny day that you should be on the water, or maybe you even are on the water, go to Woody's River Roo. You can get to it by land OR by boat. The food is outstanding, there's music & cold drinks & water & sun … 'nuff said!
If for no other reason, go to Tampa just to visit Lazy Days RV! I mean "the world's largest RV dealer … " so, we had to go, right? It was awesome but plan to spend a day there. They shuttle you around (or I think you can rent your own) via golf cart because it is acres & acres of RV's. We asked to be taken to the used Class A Diesel Pushers. The ride was at least 3-4 minutes (in a golf cart) just to get us there & then we called for a pick up. You would have walk 45 minutes to get back to the front. It's an RV paradise!
Bento boxes & sushi! Happy anniversary to us!
While in Florida, we celebrated our one-year wedding anniversary (30 years & a few months after we started dating in college, but that's another story). We drove across the majestic Sunshine Skyway Bridge to St. Petersburg & ate at Souzou (update, new owner, now Sake 23). They call themselves Asian fusion with sushi & craft cocktails. I absolutely love this type of place & it did not disappoint. We will spend more time in St. Petersburg next time we are in the area as there was a lot on our list that we didn't get to there!
We did make out it to Anna Maria Island . We started with donuts at The Donut Experiment, then took a walk on one side of the island & went back for J. Burns Pizza. It was really good. Then we went to the beach in front of the Sandbar Restaurant & hung out on the sand & in the surf for the day! We did eat at Sandbar later in the day. It's good, but a little pricey. However, they sure do have prime real estate, so it was part of an the experience … but if you are on a budget, get pizza at J Burns to go & head to the beach!!!
We kept meaning to get to Sarasota & the day that we finally went it was rainy & we got a late start. We chose to eat at a longtime (100 year) staple Walt's Fish Market & Restaurant & if we lived there I would be a regular both at the restaurant AND the market. IF we could have we would have gone to these two craft breweries there– JDub's offers a taproom, tours & food trucks &/OR Big Top Brewery which boasts a taproom & sometimes food trucks. Again, IF you go, let me know how they are!!
We really enjoyed our time in the Palmetto area of Florida. We would love to pass through again someday, but for now, we have moved on. We have continued on to new adventures, delicious meals, some good brews & a lifetime of memories await!


I find this cute very charming cafe right in front of etihad stadium with amazing view of the docks by accidents and of course I decided to go in and tried it. The downside it's always very windy and colder in docklands area so it would be freezing if you sit outside but inside its very warm and cozy. They also provide blankets on their seats. It's a unique place indeed.
There are only 2 staff inside, both of them are really busy and I think because of that they seems a bit unfriendly but they are pretty helpful when needed. The cute stand inside is their little kitchen.
The lighting inside was amazing and all the credit goes to the natural sunlight from the outside. Definitely love the vibe. It's a really nice place for sometime alone to enjoy your books.
Their coffee was good, all the credit goes to seven seeds. It's a great place to a quick take away coffee before work or after lunch.
I ordered the onion, garlic and cauliflower soup. They come in a very generous portions with bread. The bread was really good, warm with butter, light and crunchy. The soup it self was really thick but taste really good.


The Coast to Coast route passes the top of Rosedale Valley. We operate a passenger collection and return journey between the "Lion Inn" and "August Guest House" in Rosedale. All the luggage transfer companies deliver directly to "August Guest House".
Of several options available, the most popular pick up point is from the Lion Inn on Blakey Ridge. As mobile reception is limited on the North Yorkshire Moors, a pay phone is available at the Lion Inn.
However you can walk a further 3 miles along the coast to coast route to a pick-up point. After passing "White Cross" or "Fat Betty" stone on the moor, continue South along the road where there is a pick up point at the small "Millennium Stone" car park just past the junction to Glaisdale marked "Fryup". We can collect from here at a time made by prior arrangement. Click here for route.
Alternatively there is a direct walking route of approximately 3 miles to " August Guest House". Click here for route.
Cross the road at the Lion Inn and take the track on the right, (South) side of the house and drop down onto the old railway track bed. The shortest way is to turn right (South) along the track bed and after a ¼ mile take the wide track left down the hill side to "Moorlands Farm". Again by prior arrangement we can collect you from this point as the track meets the road.
If your preference is to walk the whole journey, continue along the road, cross the ford and follow the road South to "August Guest House" at "Plane Trees Cottages".
Please remember to call us from Blakey Ridge.
From "August Guest House", transport into Rosedale Abbey, to and from the "Coach House Inn" or the "White Horse Inn" for dinner is available, alternatively you may prefer to walk the short distance.
Twin or Double room £36 per person per night.
Laundry & Drying facilities are available for boots and coats etc.
For any further information please either telephone or email us at August Guest House, and we will be more than happy to help.


Our extrandonary loose teas are blended using the finest leaves from high cloud hugging mountains of Kenya and the lush Assam Valley of India. Our water is taken from our own natural mountain spring. Like our other national drink Guinness it takes time in it's preparation letting it brew before you can savor the flavor and aroma.


text:
Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces: Past, present, and challenges
Dong Il Park, Sangmin Jung, Hyo Jae Yoon, Kyoungsuk Jin
A challenging goal in synthetic organic chemistry for decades has been the enantioselective C–C, C–O, or C–H bond formation in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and other industrially relevant compounds. Electrochemical synthetic routes are broadly recognized to be advantageous, as they involve green chemistry processes and occur under mild conditions. The field of electrochemical asymmetric synthesis has begun in the 1960s, yet progress is relatively slow. This review aims to overview the published studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis and offer insightful perspectives to boost new ideas and innovations in the field. We first lay out the methodologies of electrode functionalization with various chiral molecules. We then describe recent studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis using electrodes with chiral surfaces or using electrolytes containing chiral surfactants, solvents, or catalysts. Next, related reaction mechanisms are extensively discussed. Lastly, potential research directions for the design of efficient electrochemical asymmetric synthesis are proposed.
Electrochimica Acta
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271
Published - 2021 Nov 20
Chiral catalysts
Electrocatalysis
Electron transfer
Enantioselectivity
Chemical Engineering(all)
10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271
Dive into the research topics of 'Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces: Past, present, and challenges'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Organic Chemistry Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Green Chemistry Chemical Compounds 63%
Drug products Engineering & Materials Science 62%
Surface active agents Engineering & Materials Science 62%
Behavior as Electrode Chemical Compounds 57%
Park, D. I., Jung, S., Yoon, H. J., & Jin, K. (2021). Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces: Past, present, and challenges. Electrochimica Acta, 397, [139271]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271
Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces : Past, present, and challenges. / Park, Dong Il; Jung, Sangmin; Yoon, Hyo Jae et al.
In: Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 397, 139271, 20.11.2021.
Park, DI, Jung, S, Yoon, HJ & Jin, K 2021, 'Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces: Past, present, and challenges', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 397, 139271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271
Park DI, Jung S, Yoon HJ, Jin K. Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces: Past, present, and challenges. Electrochimica Acta. 2021 Nov 20;397:139271. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271
Park, Dong Il ; Jung, Sangmin ; Yoon, Hyo Jae et al. / Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces : Past, present, and challenges. In: Electrochimica Acta. 2021 ; Vol. 397.
@article{acfaf5316b6d40ecb84dacfc69ce9fd3,
title = "Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces: Past, present, and challenges",
abstract = "A challenging goal in synthetic organic chemistry for decades has been the enantioselective C–C, C–O, or C–H bond formation in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and other industrially relevant compounds. Electrochemical synthetic routes are broadly recognized to be advantageous, as they involve green chemistry processes and occur under mild conditions. The field of electrochemical asymmetric synthesis has begun in the 1960s, yet progress is relatively slow. This review aims to overview the published studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis and offer insightful perspectives to boost new ideas and innovations in the field. We first lay out the methodologies of electrode functionalization with various chiral molecules. We then describe recent studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis using electrodes with chiral surfaces or using electrolytes containing chiral surfactants, solvents, or catalysts. Next, related reaction mechanisms are extensively discussed. Lastly, potential research directions for the design of efficient electrochemical asymmetric synthesis are proposed.",
keywords = "Asymmetric synthesis, Chiral catalysts, Electrocatalysis, Electron transfer, Enantioselectivity",
author = "Park, {Dong Il} and Sangmin Jung and Yoon, {Hyo Jae} and Kyoungsuk Jin",
note = "Funding Information: D.I.P., S.J., and H.J.Y. were supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2019R1A2C2011003, NRF-2019R1A6A1A11044070, and NRF-2021M3F3A2A03017999) and Korea University-Future Research Grant (KU-FRG). K. J. was supported by the NRF grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2021R1C1C1004264) and a Korea University Grant. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",
doi = "10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
T1 - Directing electrochemical asymmetric synthesis at heterogeneous interfaces
T2 - Past, present, and challenges
AU - Park, Dong Il
AU - Jung, Sangmin
AU - Yoon, Hyo Jae
AU - Jin, Kyoungsuk
N1 - Funding Information: D.I.P., S.J., and H.J.Y. were supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2019R1A2C2011003, NRF-2019R1A6A1A11044070, and NRF-2021M3F3A2A03017999) and Korea University-Future Research Grant (KU-FRG). K. J. was supported by the NRF grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2021R1C1C1004264) and a Korea University Grant. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
N2 - A challenging goal in synthetic organic chemistry for decades has been the enantioselective C–C, C–O, or C–H bond formation in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and other industrially relevant compounds. Electrochemical synthetic routes are broadly recognized to be advantageous, as they involve green chemistry processes and occur under mild conditions. The field of electrochemical asymmetric synthesis has begun in the 1960s, yet progress is relatively slow. This review aims to overview the published studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis and offer insightful perspectives to boost new ideas and innovations in the field. We first lay out the methodologies of electrode functionalization with various chiral molecules. We then describe recent studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis using electrodes with chiral surfaces or using electrolytes containing chiral surfactants, solvents, or catalysts. Next, related reaction mechanisms are extensively discussed. Lastly, potential research directions for the design of efficient electrochemical asymmetric synthesis are proposed.
AB - A challenging goal in synthetic organic chemistry for decades has been the enantioselective C–C, C–O, or C–H bond formation in pharmaceuticals, natural products, and other industrially relevant compounds. Electrochemical synthetic routes are broadly recognized to be advantageous, as they involve green chemistry processes and occur under mild conditions. The field of electrochemical asymmetric synthesis has begun in the 1960s, yet progress is relatively slow. This review aims to overview the published studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis and offer insightful perspectives to boost new ideas and innovations in the field. We first lay out the methodologies of electrode functionalization with various chiral molecules. We then describe recent studies on electrochemical asymmetric synthesis using electrodes with chiral surfaces or using electrolytes containing chiral surfactants, solvents, or catalysts. Next, related reaction mechanisms are extensively discussed. Lastly, potential research directions for the design of efficient electrochemical asymmetric synthesis are proposed.
KW - Asymmetric synthesis
KW - Chiral catalysts
KW - Electrocatalysis
KW - Electron transfer
KW - Enantioselectivity
U2 - 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271
DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139271
JO - Electrochimica Acta
JF - Electrochimica Acta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


These are absolutely darling plates for a stunning effect on a vintage tea party table setting. These beautiful blue plates can be combined with our matching cups and are great for a first birthday or baby shower too! These plates have an amaxing attention to detail with a scalloped edge and a sealed sheen.


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A BJP-Muslim Entente Cordiale in India?
The threat of communalism in India is not a mere bogey, and the Muslim 'sense of alarmism' does not exist in a vacuum. It may often be exaggerated or fuelled by secular parties to get Muslim votes, but it is real
By Hasan Suroor | Via The Hindu
BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi.
In a TV interview last week, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader Arun Jaitley admitted that the BJP had a Muslim "problem." "Yes, we have it," he said, pointing out that there was a "problem both ways."
"Part of the problem is that they (Muslims) have to understand us and part of the problem is we have to accept it…But I see a huge change in the situation."
His remarks came on the heels of the party president, Rajnath Singh, offering a slightly puzzling, backdated apology to Muslims while appealing to them to give the BJP a chance in the coming general election.
Then came Mr. Narendra Modi's "big" speech in Lucknow in which he studiously refrained from raising any contentious issue, choosing instead to direct his fire against Mr. Mulayam Singh Yadav. If you didn't know it was Mr. Modi speaking, it could have been any garrulous politician shopping for voters. Indeed, the party's hard-core base in Uttar Pradesh may have been disappointed that there was not even a pro forma reference to Ayodhya.
A concern?
So, is something going on here in terms of the BJP's approach to Muslims? A rethink of its Muslim policy?
On the face of it, all this sounds very much like an all-too-familiar pre-poll tactic to woo Muslim voters, but could it be that these developments reflect a genuine concern within the BJP over its "Muslim problem"?
Has the penny finally dropped that it cannot hope to prosper as a truly national party or effectively govern the country if it continues to exclude 170 million voters on the basis of some ancient feud and old prejudices whose provenance even is not clear to a new generation of Hindus and Muslims?
Mr. Swapan Dasgupta, the party's resident intellectual, appeared to reflect this concern when he said in a television debate that the fact that Muslims were not with the BJP amounted to its failure to reach out to every segment of society.
"Yes, naturally if it fails to appeal to a certain section of the population it will count as a failure," he said.
Likewise, Mr. Jaitley acknowledged, albeit with gritted teeth, that the party needed to soften its hard anti-Muslim image or "soften its angularities," as the interviewer Ms Barkha Dutt put it. Yes, it had "a certain ideological personality" and took "positions" on issues such as the uniform civil code, but while theoretical and ideological beliefs were one thing, practical realities of day-to-day politics were quite another, he suggested.
"Judge us by our record," he said implying how the party had put the Ramjanambhoomi issue on the back-burner when it was in power.
The BJP believes that it has already won over the Sikhs and sections of the Christian community (nearly half the cabinet ministers in the BJP-led Goa government are Catholics) and Muslims are next on its shopping list. It is convinced that only the "bogey" of communalism raised by "secular'' parties is keeping Muslims away from it.
The trick, the party believes, is to be able to counter this "bogey" and rid Muslims of their "sense of alarmism," to quote Mr. Dasgupta.
One wishes it was that simple. The truth is that the threat of communalism is not a mere bogey; and the Muslim "sense of alarmism" does not exist in a vacuum. It may often be exaggerated or fueled by secular parties to get Muslim votes, but it is real and there is a basis for it. The basis is the history of Sangh Parivar's Muslim-baiting to the extent of questioning their loyalty to their own country.
So, what is it that, in the words of Mr. Jaitley, the BJP must "accept" and the Muslims must "understand" that would pave the way for the twain to meet?
Notion of supremacy
The notion of Hindu supremacy is so deeply hard-wired into the BJP's DNA and a part of its "ideological personality" that it will be unrealistic to expect it to transform miraculously into an all-inclusive big tent overnight. For that to happen, it will have to cut itself loose from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), its ideological mentor and, effectively, puppet-master. And that is not possible so long as the old guard — born and bred in RSS culture and dependent on its support — is incharge of the party. It will require a huge generational shift in leadership for the BJP to change and become a truly modern party free from sectarian prejudices.
Meanwhile, what it can do is what, in Britain, the Tory party is doing in relation to its old racist and homophobic attitudes. At its core, it remains largely a party of closet racists, misogynists and homophobes but in practice it is trying desperately hard (and succeeding, to some extent) to reach out to all — ethnic minorities, women and gays.
Who would have thought that one day it would fall to a Tory government to legalize gay marriage, and a Tory Prime Minister would be heard saying that he supported "gay marriage in spite of being a Conservative; I support gay marriage because I am a Conservative," as Mr. David Cameron did. For a party which, until barely a decade ago, wanted innocuous gay groups to be shut down, legalizing gay marriage is akin to crossing the Rubicon.
The BJP needs to do something like this vis-à-vis Muslims — some grand public gesture to make them feel welcoming and wanted, not just merely tolerated. Mr. Jaitley favors fielding more Muslim candidates in elections.
"We must get into the habit of giving tickets to them even if they lose initially," he said.
That will, of course, help but more than anything else what Muslims really want is to be shown respect rather than being patronized. The problem that Muslims have with the BJP is not that it doesn't give them an election ticket but that it tends to look down upon them and treat them as outsiders whom it has to tolerate because of political compulsions. This mindset must change.
As for what Muslims need to do to bridge the divide, it will require a huge leap of faith for them to embrace a party that, rightly or wrongly, they see as congenitally hostile.
But for starters they should shed their blind anti-BJPism. To some degree that is already happening. Disillusioned with secular parties and driven by sheer pragmatism they now have a more open mind when it comes to voting. No longer do they see the BJP as "untouchable," a process which would have gained greater traction if Gujarat 2002 had not happened. The BJP also alienated many potential Muslim supporters by insisting on nominating Mr. Modi as its prime ministerial candidate in what they see as a calculated attempt to add insult to injury.
But it is still not too late. The Muslim mood is not set in stone and there is still a lot to play for if the BJP really wants their support. For example, a public show of genuine contrition by Mr. Modi for what happened under his watch or a direct appeal by him to Muslims can change the whole climate. The garbled apology issued by Mr. Rajnath Singh may have made a greater impact if it had come from Mr. Modi.
The good news, however, is that amid the fog of mutual distrust and suspicion, both sides have been making tentative moves to break the ice. Perhaps few people know that the RSS, of all things, has a Muslim wing, the Muslim Rashtriya Manch, ironically formed the same year as the Gujarat riots with the avowed aim of reaching out to Muslims. It claims to have 10,000 Muslim members nationwide and is said to be engaged in creating a network of sympathetic Muslim clerics.
It is notable that despite initial fears of polarization along communal lines, the election campaign so far has been mostly secular with developmental concerns trumping mandir-masjid-like issues. With one month still to go, that is a long time in politics but could it be that we are seeing the beginnings of a long-haul journey towards some sort of a BJP-Muslim entente cordiale?
The writer can be reached at hasan.suroor@gmail.com. This article first appeared in The Hindu, a leading newspaper of India.
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BJP Indian elections Narendra Modi Rajnath Singh	2014-03-10
Previous Before the Next Attack
Next Unravelling Zimbabwe's "Food Crisis"
The Indian Chronicles report may now represent an opportunity for Pakistan — whose image is reeling from the consequences of the long-term campaign from India mounted against it — to set things right through astute diplomacy.
Why India is Accused of Subverting the UN Charter
In a series of articles, a Pakistani magazine, MATRIX MAG, is reproducing parts of the EU DisInfo Lab report to explain how one member of the United Nations indulged in disinformation, slander, and fake news against another member.


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Q: Jetpack compose how to animate multiple values I have couple of Path elements in my Canvas and would like to do some complex animations with every one of the Path lines. I am not sure how to approach this. Let's take a look at a simple path.
val line1Path = Path()
line1Path.moveTo(maxTopLeftX, 0f) // top left
line1Path.lineTo(maxBottomLeftX, size.height) // bottom left
line1Path.lineTo(maxBottomLeftX+lineWidth, size.height) // bottom right
line1Path.lineTo(maxTopLeftX+lineWidth, 0f) // top right

Currently I am using updateTransition with animateFloat but this way if I have to make animations for every one of the points only for this Path I would have to have 8 variables just for this 1 object.
Also I would like to do more than just a single value to value animation so something like animateFloatAsState where there are keyframes and I can order my animations seems better for the job, but the issue again is I have to create 8 variables that hold every one of the line positions to just animate this object.
What will be the best way to approach this?

A: I have been having same issue for days. In my case I use a data class for input data, so I just added an Animatable variable with default initialization to my data class. Then launch it from coroutine scope forEaching every item.
Not sure if this is the correct way to approach such issue, but hope it helps!

A: Here you have an example of multiple values animated at the same time. A transition is used to orchestrate the value animations.
val interactionSource = remember { MutableInteractionSource() }
    val isPressed by interactionSource.collectIsPressedAsState()

    val transition = updateTransition(targetState = isPressed, label = "")

    val angle by transition.animateFloat(transitionSpec = {
        tween(durationMillis = 180, easing = FastOutSlowInEasing)
    }, label = ""){
        when(it){
            true -> 90f
            false -> 0f
        }
    }

    val x by transition.animateDp(transitionSpec = {
        tween(durationMillis = 180, easing = FastOutSlowInEasing)
    }, label = ""){
        when(it){
            true -> 85.dp
            false -> 0.dp
        }
    }

    Column(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize().background(Color(0xFFF0F8FF))
            .padding(80.dp).wrapContentSize(align = Alignment.BottomCenter),
        verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(16.dp),
        horizontalAlignment = Alignment.CenterHorizontally
    ) {
        // THIS IS THE ANIMATED BOX
        Box(Modifier.rotate(angle).offset(x = x)
            .background(Color.Red)
            .width(20.dp)
            .height(150.dp)
        )

        Box(modifier = Modifier.clickable(interactionSource = interactionSource, indication = null) {}
            .hoverable(interactionSource)
            .focusable(interactionSource = interactionSource)
            .size(100.dp).background(Color.Blue),
        )
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Finally, after centuries, there has been an innovation to the design of the viola, which eliminates the need to have the instrument be as long as the violist can handle. The corniceless design of the Luis and Clark viola has brought about an instrument that is light, easy to handle and has an astonishing sound.
The viola has an amazingly beautiful, dark, yet vibrant resonance. It sings out effortlessly and powerfully. Weighing only 1 pound 4 ounces, the viola is much kinder to the body than traditional violas. It is 11/32 of an inch narrower on the A string shoulder, making it easier to play in the upper positions. When our daughter was thirteen and 5' 2"she found it much easier to play than her ¾ sized wooden counterpart, which weighed twice as much.
The lower registers are rich, the upper register has luxurious warmth and there is an evenness of sound across the strings. The overall tone is one of depth, power, beauty and resonance that has to be heard to be believed. This has the potential to eliminate viola jokes once and for all.
At 16 ⅜" and weighing only 1 pound 4 ounces, this viola is much kinder to the body than traditional violas. The light weight of this instrument reduces muscle strain and is much easier on the neck and jaw for players who regularly play for long sessions.
You will be stunned by the easy power and deep, reverberant tone that comes from such a reasonably sized instrument. Its sound is gorgeous, and one that you would expect from a much larger viola. It has a very warm tone and a sweet singing upper register.
The cornice-less design of the Luis & Clark viola has brought about an instrument that is light, easy to handle and has an astonishing sound.
The viola's neck smoothly meets the sides and body of the instrument, rather than protruding out. The upper right hand shoulder is slightly decreased in an asymmetric design which favors the left hand as it moves into the upper positions, giving the violist more room to move around.
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text:
Parma back in Serie A after third successive promotion
May 19, 2018 SportsAsdiq Rana
19 May, 2018 11:16 am
ROME (Reuters) – Twice UEFA Cup winners Parma will return to the Italian top flight next season after a 2-0 win at Spezia in their final Serie B fixture earned the club an unprecedented third successive promotion.
The club, which also won the European Cup Winners' Cup and three Coppa Italias during their heyday of the 1990s and early 2000s, was relegated to Serie D after going bankrupt in 2015.
A reconstituted club easily secured promotion from Serie D in 2015-16 and won the Serie C promotion playoff the following year to move into the second flight.
The victory over Spezia, secured courtesy of goals from Fabio Ceravolo and Amato Ciciretti, combined with Frosinone's 2-2 draw against Foggia ensured they finished second in Serie B behind Empoli and will return to the top division.
The return was particularly emotional for club captain Alessandro Lucarelli, who stuck with the Parma through their journey down the divisions and deferred his retirement to complete the trip back up.
"I made a promise. I said I'd take Parma back to Serie A. I kept my promise," the tearful 41-year-old defender told Sky Sport Italia.
"This is a journey we started three years ago in front of these amazing fans. We had difficult moments, we always got back on our feet. They never gave up and I am proud to have been their captain.
"Now I can stop. I don't know, we'll see. I just need to celebrate right now."
Frosinone were leading Foggia 2-1 with a minute remaining but conceded an equaliser to miss out on automatic promotion due to an inferior head-to-head record against Parma.
That led to dramatic scenes at Spezia as the news came through from Lazio.
"It can't be real, it's impossible," Lucarelli added. "Nobody could've imagined a finale like this, not even in my wildest dreams. The others were celebrating, then we heard a huge cheer from the stands. I don't know what happened."
Frosinone, who spent one season in Serie A two years ago, could still return to the top flight through the promotion playoffs, which also feature Venezia, Perugia, Bari, Cittadella and Palermo.
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Not satisfied with hamstringing the oil and gas industries, environmentalists now are shutting down farms and production of livestock, all in the name of fighting climate change. But people still need to eat.
Original Article: "Forget Oil. Now They Are Coming for the Cows"
This Audio Mises Wire is generously sponsored by Christopher Condon.
The FDA and the Courts Fail to Truly Discipline the Pharmaceutical Industry for Exploiting the Mentally Ill
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Political Salvation Is Slow Suicide
The Fed Is a Purely Political Institution, and It's Definitely Not a Bank.
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text:
Heart Risks May Rise With NSAIDs in High Doses
Mark L. Fuerst
Among the NSAIDs used for relieving the pain of inflammatory arthritis, naproxen may have the best benefit to risk ratio on cardiovascular disease.
Among the NSAIDs used for relieving the pain of inflammatory arthritis, naproxen may have the best benefit to risk ratio on cardiovascular disease (CVD), according to the most comprehensive analysis of the benefits and risks of NSAIDs, including cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors, or coxibs.
"The vascular risks of high-dose diclofenac and ibuprofen are comparable to coxibs, while high-dose naproxen is associated with less vascular risk than other NSAIDs," said one study author, Charles Hennekens, MD, DrPH, Senior Academic Advisor to the Dean in the Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine at Florida Atlantic University. "Although NSAIDs increase vascular and gastrointestinal risks, their magnitude can be predicted, which may help guide clinical decision making."
Under the direction of the Clinical Trial Service and Epidemiology Studies Unit at the University of Oxford, Dr Hennekens and colleagues from around the world conducted a worldwide meta-analysis. They used individual participant data from 280 trials of NSAIDs vs placebo and 474 trials of an NSAID vs another NSAID, which involved more than 350,000 participants and a total of more than 230,000 person-years. The study addressed the risks and benefits of drugs used for relief of inflammatory arthritis, including CVD and other relevant outcomes, such as GI effects.
The main outcomes were major vascular events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and vascular death); major coronary events (nonfatal myocardial infarction and coronary death); stroke; mortality; heart failure; and upper GI complications (perforation, obstruction, and bleeding).
Major vascular events were increased by about one-third by a coxib or diclofenac, chiefly because of an increase in major coronary events. Ibuprofen also significantly increased major coronary events but not major vascular events. Of 1000 patients allocated to a coxib or diclofenac for a year, 3 more had major vascular events, 1 of which was fatal, compared with placebo. Naproxen did not significantly increase major vascular events.
Vascular death was increased significantly by coxibs and diclofenac and was increased nonsignificantly by ibuprofen but was not increased by naproxen. The proportional effects on major vascular events were independent of baseline characteristics, including vascular risk.
Heart failure risk was roughly doubled by all NSAIDs. All NSAID regimens increased upper GI complications.
In conclusion, the authors wrote, "The vascular risks of high-dose diclofenac, and possibly ibuprofen, are comparable to coxibs, whereas high-dose naproxen is associated with less vascular risk than other NSAIDs."
The authors emphasized that the risks are mainly relevant to persons who experience chronic pain, such as patients with arthritis who need to take high doses of NSAIDs, such as 150 mg of diclofenac or 2400 mg of ibuprofen daily, for long periods.
"In contrast to naproxen, other traditional NSAIDs and coxibs confer similar moderately increased risks of CVD," said Dr Hennekens. "At present, individual clinical judgments about coxibs and nonselective NSAIDs should not be limited to risks of CVD. They should also include concerns about non-CVD risks, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, and other benefits, including improved quality of life resulting from decreases in impairment from musculoskeletal pain syndromes."
The authors reported their results in the May 30 issue of The Lancet.Media LinksCBS News "Anti-inflammatory medications ibuprofen, diclofenac may up heart issues"Huffington Post "High Doses Of Painkillers Could Increase Risk Of Heart Problems, Research Suggests"New York Daily News "High doses of common pain drugs NSAIDs can cause heart attack: study"San Francisco Chronicle "Ibuprofen at High Dose Raises Heart Risk, Review Shows"Reuters "High doses of common painkillers increase heart attack risks"Health.com "High Doses of Ibuprofen May Raise Risk for Heart Trouble"
Cardiovascular Disease | Men's Health | Pain | Musculoskeletal Disorders