text:
CJPME Factsheet 125, published June, 2011: This factsheet looks at Canada's continued defunding of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinians in the Near East (UNRWA), which provides assistance, protection and advocacy to approximately 4.8 million Palestinian refugees in the Middle East. Until 2009, Canada had been one of the top 20 contributors to UNRWA's core programs. While UNRWA's funding grew consistently between 2000 and 2008, Canada was the only donor country to defund UNRWA's core programs during this period.
Canada's Defunding of UNRWA's Core Programs
Factsheet Series No. 125, created: June 2011, Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East
What is UNRWA and what does it do?
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestinians in the Near East (UNRWA) was created through United Nations General Assembly Resolution 302 (IV) in 1949. Its purpose was to replace a series of ad hoc humanitarian programs mobilized to deal with the forced displacement of at least 700,000 Palestinians from their homes between 1947 and 1949.[i] Although originally conceived as a temporary organization, UNRWA has repeatedly adjusted its programs to meet the changing needs of the refugees it serves.
Today, UNRWA provides assistance, protection and advocacy to approximately 4.8 million Palestinian refugees in the Middle East.[ii] Its current services fall into six broad programs: health, education, relief and social services, micro-credit financing, infrastructure and camp improvement, and emergency aid.[iii] UNRWA provides services directly to those refugees living in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank including East Jerusalem. It does not own, administer or police any refugee camps as it is only responsible for the provision of services within these camps.[iv]
How has Canada's funding of UNRWA changed?
The UNRWA is funded almost entirely by voluntary donations, the majority of which come from donor countries. Canada has been one of UNRWA's largest contributors over the past 60 years and has consistently funded the agency through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). Until recently it was a reliable financial supporter of the agency's core programs. In 2009, however, Canada significantly altered its funding of UNRWA in two ways. First, it began an overall decrease of its contribution to UNRWA from $28 million in 2008 to $20 million in 2009. This decrease has continued, to where Canada gave only $15.1 million in 2010.[v] Second, Canada earmarked all of its funds in 2009 ($20 million) to UNRWA's Emergency Appeal, and contributed no funds to its core programs.[vi] UNRWA's Emergency Appeal is a request for donations for a variety of urgent refugee needs – often related to unfolding events – including food assistance, emergency health, environmental health, mental health, and other community-based programs.[vii] Canada's contributions to UNRWA's Emergency Appeal from 2009 to 2011 were specifically earmarked for food assistance and job creation programs.[viii]
This reallocation of funds is a departure from its traditional UNRWA funding. Until 2009, Canada had been one of the top 20 contributors to UNRWA's core programs and from 2000 to 2008 funding of these core programs grew consistently each year.[ix] Canada was the only donor country to defund UNRWA's core programs. Comparatively, during this same period, the United States increased its overall funding of UNRWA as well as its funding of the core programs. With these changes, Canada no longer supports key UNRWA programs which provide stability and community development in Palestinian refugee communities.[x] UNRWA's core programs are known to provide an important alternative to the hopelessness and desperation experienced by the millions of Palestinian refugees in the camps. [xi]
Why has Canada changed its funding of UNRWA?
In a confusing statement early in 2010,[xii] Vic Toews explained the changes by saying, "[…] we want to put that money only into programs that are consistent with Canadian values."[xiii] Nevertheless, this assertion contradicts internal CIDA documents which report that UNRWA's activities were congruent with Canadian priorities and indispensable in meeting the basic needs of Palestinian refugees. [xiv] Subsequently, CIDA indicated that its decision to alter its funding of UNRWA – seemingly to favour funding to the Palestinian Authority (PA) – was made in order to reflect the organization's new commitment to food security and security institutions, both of which are outlined as major development focuses in CIDA's 2009-2010 Report on West Bank and Gaza.[xv] Toews suggested that this new funding focus would be in effect for the next five years.[xvi] In accordance with this strategy, CIDA contributed $15 million to UNRWA's emergency programs in 2010 and 2011, and nothing to UNRWA core programs.[xvii]
Ultimately, Canada seems to have dropped funding to the community development programs of UNWRA, in favour of greater policing and "security institution" funding for the PA.[xviii] A CIDA representative asserted that by earmarking funds for UNRWA's emergency programs, Canadian aid was being spent in a more efficient, focused, and accountable way.[xix] According to media reports Canada's reallocation of funds reflected the government's concern with the organization's supposed lack of accountability and transparency in the spending of Canadian funds.[xx] It is unclear where concerns with respect to any misuse of Canadian money originated given that CIDA concluded in 2009 that UNRWA represented a "low risk from a financial management perspective."[xxi]
What has UNRWA's reaction been?
UNRWA officials were confused and disappointed with Canada's decision to decrease and reallocate its funding of the agency. When the change was implemented, UNRWA officials expressed their surprise at the funding changes and said they had never received an explanation from the Canadian government.[xxii] UNRWA protested the funding changes and organized high-level meetings with Bev Oda, the minister responsible for CIDA to urge Canada to continue its support of UNRWA core programs.[xxiii] [xxiv]
There is concern that Canada's new funding strategy may become a stepping stone to cutting UNRWA funding altogether. By positioning Canadian UNRWA funding as short-term financial aid for "emergency programs," Canada's Conservative government may subsequently claim that such funding no longer makes sense. However, as expressed by one UNRWA official, "There are groups who seem to think that if UNRWA were de-funded and disappeared, the refugees would disappear too. This is a deluded fiction." [xxv]
[i] For more information see CJPME Factsheet No. 72 UNRWA, History and Context, January 2010.
[ii] "Overview." UNRWA Website. http://unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=85. Accessed May 27, 2011.
[iii] For more information see CJPME Factsheet No. 72 UNRWA, History and Context, January 2010.
[iv] "Frequently asked questions." UNRWA Website. http://unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=87. Accessed May 27, 2011.
[v] "Summary of Canada's Contributions to UNRWA 2000-2011." External Relations Department (UNRWA). 22 May 2011.
[vi] Ibid
[vii] "UNRWA Emergency Appeal 2009." UNRWA Website. November 2008. Accessed May 30, 2011.
[viii] "Summary of Canada's Contributions to UNRWA 2000-2011." External Relations Department (UNRWA). 22 May 2011.
[ix] Ibid
[x] Berthiaume, Lee. "UN Palestinian refugee agency got passing grade from CIDA." Embassy. May 12, 2010.
[xi] Bell, Michael. "The only Palestinian relief agency that counts." The Globe and Mail. May 20, 2009.
[xii] In his statement, Toews confused funding for UNRWA with that for the Palestinian Authority, but was unchallenged by reporters on this point.
[xiii] Julian, Hana Levi. "Jews Applaud, PA & UNRWA Slam Canada's Funding Change." Israel National News. January 17, 2010
[xiv] Berthiaume, Lee. "UN Palestinian refugee agency got passing grade from CIDA." Embassy. May 12, 2010.
[xv] "West Bank and Gaza: CIDA Report 2009-2010." CIDA Website. 24 January, 2011. http://tinyurl.com/3k4ek3m. Accessed May 27, 2011.
[xvi] "Canada Supports Palestinian Justice Reform." CIDA Website. January 9, 2010.
[xvii] "Summary of Canada's Contributions to UNRWA 2000-2011." External Relations Department (UNRWA). 22 May 2011.
[xviii] For more information see CJPME Position Paper No. 23 Canada and Funding for UNRWA, November 2010 and CJPME Position Paper No. 25 Canada and Palestinian Refugees, May 2011.
[xix] Obeidat, Omar. "UNRWA urges Canada to continue budgetary support." The Jordan Times. February 18, 2010.
[xx] "Canada Reallocates Funding for UNRWA, Supports Palestinian Justice Reform." Canada-Israel Committee Website. January 14, 2010. Accessed May 27, 2011.
[xxi] Berthiaume, Lee. "UN Palestinian refugee agency got passing grade from CIDA." Embassy. May 12, 2010.
[xxii] Berthiaume, Lee. "UN Palestinian refugee agency got passing grade from CIDA." Embassy. May 12, 2010.
[xxiii] Berthiaume, Lee. "UN Palestinian refugee agency got passing grade from CIDA." Embassy. May 12, 2010.
[xxiv] Obeidat, Omar. "UNRWA urges Canada to continue budgetary support." February 18, 2010.
[xxv] Julian, Hana Levi. "Jews Applaud, PA & UNRWA Slam Canada's Funding Change." Israel National News. January 17, 2010.
UNRWA Canada - Refugee Policy Palestine - Refugees


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This month, I want to say thank you. Thank you for holding back. Thank you for letting me know you were there and making sure I knew you cared. Thank you for not getting all vitriolic on my behalf and making me feel like the recent situation was all my fault because I let it get that far. I know you wanted to let it fly as you have done previously but thank you for not doing that this time around.
It's never fun when a love affair dies and in my naiveté or perhaps arrogance, I thought this one wouldn't but hey, they are not the first employer that has blindsided me. Neither are they the first who have tried to put me in my place so perhaps I do just have a puffed up impression of my own self-importance. I wrote the other month that I will always remember my first employer being up front about their not being there for my convenience, I was present for theirs. It's almost ironic that I find myself surprised when this truth was brought home to me again this month.
And that bringing it home bit? That devastated me. There were waterworks and a near sleepless night and shock at some things that I felt were just plain insensitive. You merely listened and let me have my space though. You agreed that it sucked to be informed that I had been "disqualified" for the previous bonus round but that some of my colleagues had indeed been paid bonuses. Two things I didn't know. You also understood that being told "you're not overpaid", doesn't make you feel any better about hearing they are not prepared to re-negotiate or even discuss your salary after three plus years. At all.
I thought loyalty and effort would count for more. Or at least something. Especially the acknowledged effort. I thought that the communication going both ways was better this time around. I actually thought I was good at all of my job. Ha! I am apparently doing great at two thirds of my job. Stupid me. They are really happy with that portion too. No complaints whatsoever other than the fact that I apparently do too much. But the third of my job for which they also acknowledge that I have had no training and yet still expect me to perform at the level of an experienced professional? Well I'm not meeting expectations now am I?
Sure, I am a working mum with one day off a week but I need to be honest about what I can commit to and organised in my workflow to accommodate others because of my inconsiderate periods of absence regular day off. Some events late last year were a bit of a scramble and an executive was "left floundering" on the day and had to call someone else in to do what I had not. And this year, someone else had to "step in and take over". And you know what, I agree in principle about the outcome of these events, I just completely disagree with the interpretation.
I managed my time last year by delegating tasks to staff who agreed to do them so that things would not be left to the last minute. They didn't actually do them (either at all or as requested). It seemed kind of poor form to jump up and down or whinge about it though so I just got on and did what needed to be done. Or what I thought needed to be done. And the events were received really well externally. As far as I am aware. I had no idea anyone internal was "left floundering" because when I asked what people needed to be organised, I wasn't given the whole picture. I don't have enough experience to be a mind reader, sorry. And don't get me started on the "someone stepping in to take over" because that was just unfair.
So I was a little pissed, a lot upset, rather frustrated, somewhat confused, really conflicted, quite torn and a maelstrom of other emotions that I didn't know what to do with. You let me be though. You commiserated with the fact that it's demotivating to be told 8 months into a review period (for the first time) that they're not totally happy and that they will be marking you as "needs improvement" (and therefore below expectations) for some sections. You got that after hearing last year that I should "trust the business to look after me" and seeing how that has played out now I've learned I haven't been hitting 100% of my role out of the ball park that I just felt…broken. I went from feeling valued to used in the space of one discussion. I feel like I'm beating my head against a brick wall and after the tornado of the last two days, I'm exhausted.
You didn't yell or jump up and down though. You didn't get really angry in front of me. You waited and blew your mouth off about the whole situation whilst talking to someone else which was pretty much perfect. We both get irritated with each other when we are emotional because we seem to need very different things. And it's hard to strike a balance between what you really want to do and what the other person needs so I just wanted to say thanks. You are worth more than a rubber chicken any day!
And this is yet another reason that I really should not have been surprised this week. I mean I am obviously asking way too much from the company that recently decided to instate an employee of the whatever-period-it-has-been-since-we-last-caught-up-via-videoconference (probably will be about 6 weeks) because do you know what the winner gets? A rubber chicken. Which you have to give back. They are really into the making staff feel warm and fuzzy.
At least you make me feel good.


Best Buy, Symantec, Citibank, eBay... What do these companies have in common? Scammers are banking on their good name to trick users into coughing up valuable information. Protect yourself and your staff.
Unlike their deskbound cousins, portables regularly venture outside of the safe confines of your network. You may not be able to control where they go, but you definitely have some say in what hitches a ride back with them.
Passwords, PINs, smart cards... If they are causing your company more problems than they solve, it may be time to upgrade to a technology that is virtually impossible to circumvent and your employees can't misplace. Lyne Bourque takes a look at Iridian's biometric security products.


Vacant Land for Office/Industrial use in fast growing Ooltewah area of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Located just 5 miles east of the expanding Volkswagen Assembly Plant, with easy access from I-75.
2,020 SF +/- freestanding concrete block building on 1.08 Acres +/- with fenced in outdoor storage area. Great opportunity for retail store or car lot with large outdoor area for displaying inventory; or office space with ample room for outdoor storage and parking.
Great retail commercial space in the fastest growing part of Downtown Chattanooga, with over 400 new apartment units and over 70 new private homes along with new offices under development, all within walking distance. This is great space for a coffee shop, a sandwich shop, or any other general retail or office with some parking available. The building is a part of the Cameron Harbor development, but has street frontage, visibility, and accessibility with traffic counts of over 9,200 vehicles per day. Adjacent to the Chattanooga Whiskey Distillery and right across the street from Parkway Pourhouse, the latest addition to the Tremont Tavern, 1885, and Feed Table & Tavern family of restaurants. Proximate to the Riverwalk and the Chattanooga Riverfront, tenants in this space will be able to pull traffic from a lot of sources, including the condos above and apartments and townhouses across the street. Co-Tenants include WFit Personal Training, SpaGo Spa and Salon, and coming-soon... Rolling J's Mobile Bistro's first brick and mortar restaurant.
Industrial/Flex space with acreage and visibility to over 62,000 vehicles per day on I-75. 1 acre +/- is currently developed and consists of gravel parking and two flex/storage buildings. 2 acres +/- are available for further development to accommodate additional outdoor yard storage, abundant parking for trucks/trailers, or construction of additional flex/storage buildings.
14 Surface parking spaces. Excellent Midtown location. Walking distance to several shops and restaurants.
Large reception area with multiple offices and kitchen.
End Cap Opportunity with Patio Option. Drive-Thru Option Available.
Excellent Visibility from Gallatin Pike.
Eastside Heights is a mixed-use apartment building with 249 state-of-the-art apartment units.
22,688 CPD at E Main Street/Maple Row Blvd.
Close Proximity to Multiple Restaurants & Retailers, including: Publix, Walmart, Kroger, Zaxby's Walgreens, & Starbucks.
Anchored DSW, Bed Bath & Beyond, Ashley's Furniture, and Gabe's.
Located in the Heart of East Nashville. Fronts the Retail Heavy Main Street Corridor at the Corner of McFerrin Ave & Main Street. Highly Trafficked Signalized Intersection.
Easily Accessed from Vietnam Veterans Blvd.
Strategically Located in the Heart of Springfield, TN at the Corner of Memorial Blvd. and Tom Austin Hwy.
Delivering Shop Space Early Summer 2018.
Great Visibility from Mt. Juliet Rd.
Located on Mountain Creek Rd in between Signal Mtn Rd and Morrison Springs Rd Beautiful 14+ acre tracts on Mountain Creek Rd at the foot of Signal Mountain and minutes from the interstate and Downtown Chattanooga. Much of the front acreage is cleared and level with excellent visibility and easy ingress/egress. The rear 3.6 acre tract is a beautiful example of the Chattanooga mountains and will add a natural beauty to any development. This is a great opportunity to add to the thriving rental housing market in the area or develop something new like luxury town homes. Adjacent 30 acres is also available for sale.
1.17 Acre site, ample parking. Zoned IR.
Great creative space with open floor plan. Close proximity to One Hundred Oaks and I-65/440 interchange. Walking distance to Berry Hill retaurants and retail.
Former bank branch can be converted to retail or office. Located on the main thoroughfare in the Hendersonville retail district. 65' frontage on West Main Street.
The subject property is conveniently located right off I-40 at the Buttermilk Road Exit (360). The Exit 360 corner lot right off of I-40 consists of roughly 1.5 acres of commercially zoned land. The site provides great visibility, ease of access, and has all utilities available. The property would be Ideal for a quick service restaurant, gas station, convenience store, or retail. The previous use was a gas station and the tanks have been removed and back-filled.
Located two miles northeast of downtown Nashville, the Highland Heights neighborhood is bounded by Dickerson Pike, Ellington Parkway, Douglas Avenue, and East Trinity Lane.
15-minute drive-time radius from site.
Conveniently located in the Cedar Bluff area of West Knoxville within close proximity to hotels, restaurants, banking, and shopping. This property also features convenient accessibility to I-40 and I-75 and easy access to on and off ramps of interstate I-40.
Built-out restaurant opportunity in the vibrant. West End/Vanderbilt area. Easy access to free parking.
Across the street from Lowe's, Walmart, and other retail.
Building overlooks I-40 East between Elm Hill Pike and Murfreesboro Road.
Free surface parking with easy access points. Surrounded by retail shopping, restaurants and banks. After hours controlled access system .
Tennessee has 7,502 commercial real estate spaces for lease, representing 89,914,202 sqft space. 7803 buildings are available for sale.
In the past 30 days, Tennessee has had 118 spaces leased and 186 new spaces come on market.


text:
Forgotten theory
O-Ring seal is a common seal .
It is for use in machine design.
O-ring seal can be use in static application such as cover or pin. If the machine parts being seal move relative to one another, the o-ring acts like a dynamic seal.
Easy to craft , reliable , inexpensive.
A packing device .
Commonly moulded in one piece from elastometric material.
Also use to offer structural support ,absorb energy, transmit energy, transmit fluid and seal fluid.
O-ring acts like a seal just by blocking any leaking of gas or liquid between two close mating surface.
O-ring are utilize to keep the air or fluid in/out of distinct space.
It is use in under water camera in order to keep the water out.
SCUBA regulator use O-rings to avoid air from moving out.
Also,use in automobile parts ,cups , drive , belts,body jewellery.
O-RINGS are made from rubbers, metals and plastics.
STATICS v/s DYNAMICS SEALING
O-ring also called Toric joint
If the pressure of fluid contain is not greater than the mating stress of o-ring ,then sealing is completed.
To meet the explicit performance requirement of special seals like"ENERGIZED HYDRULIC SEALS" and "OIL SEEDS" are available.
VACCUM APPLICATION
In vaccum system that must be immerse in liquid nitrogen utilise indium o-ring.
Rubber become brittle and hard at lower temperature.
High vaccum system make use of nickle or copper o-ring.
O-rings come in a variety of sizes. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Aerospace Standard 568 (AS568)[15] specifies the inside diameters, cross-sections, tolerances, and size identification codes (dash numbers) for O-rings used in sealing applications and for straight thread tube fitting boss gaskets. British Standard (BS) which are imperial sizes or metric sizes. Typical dimensions of an O-ring are internal dimension (id), outer dimension (od) and thickness / cross section (cs)
Metric O-rings are usually define by the internal dimension x the cross section. Typical part number for a metric O-ring – ID x CS [material & shore hardness] 2x1N70 = defines this O-ring as 2mm id with 1mm cross section made from Nitrile rubber which is 70Sh. BS O-rings are define by a standard reference.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENGINE
WANKEL ENGINE
Categories Automobile, ENGINE, Machines, Technology Leave a comment
January 10, 2021 October 30, 2020 by admin
Basically, different types of engine are external combustion engines and combustion engines.
(i). External combustion engine:
In an external combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine. Example: steam engine.
(ii). Internal combustion engine:
In an internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine. Two-stroke and four-stroke petrol and diesel engine are examples of internal combustion engine.
There are different types of internal combustion (I.C.) engine and their classification depends upon various basis.
The I.C. engines are classified on the following basis:
1. Types of Design
(i). Reciprocating engine:
In a reciprocating engine, there is a piston and cylinder, the piston does reciprocate (to and Fro) motion within the cylinder. Due to the reciprocating motion of the piston, it's called internal-combustion engine . 2 stroke and four-stroke engines are the common samples of internal-combustion engine.
(ii). Rotary engine:
In the rotary engine, the rotor does rotary motion to produce power. There is no reciprocating motion. A rotor is present within the chamber which does rotation inside a chamber. Wankel rotary engine, turbine engines are the rotary types of engines.
2. Types of Fuel Used
On the basis of types of fuel used, the engine is classified as a petrol engine, diesel engine, and gas engine.
(i). Petrol engine:
The engine which uses petrol for its working is called a petrol engine.
(ii). Diesel engine:
The engine which uses diesel for its working is named diesel.
(iii). Gas engine:
An engine using gas fuel for working is called a gas engine.
3.Cycle of Operation
On the basis of the cycle of operation the engine types are:
(i). Otto cycle engine:
These types of engine work on the Otto cycle.
(ii). Diesel cycle engine:
The engine working on the diesel cycle is called a diesel cycle engine.
(iii). Dual cycle engine or semi-diesel cycle engine:
The engine that works on both diesel also as Otto cycle is named a dual cycle engine or semi diesel cycle engine.
4.Number of Strokes
On the basis of the number of strokes, the types of engine are:
(i). Four Stroke Engine:
it's an engine during which the piston moves fourfold I .e.2 upward (form BDC to TDC) and a couple of downward (from TDC to BDC) movement in one cycle of the power stroke is called four-stroke engines.
(ii). Two Stroke Engine:
The engine during which the piston does twice motion i.e. one from TDC to BDC and other from BDC to TDC to supply an influence stroke is named two-stroke engines.
(iii). Hot spot ignition engine:
this sort of engine isn't in practical use.
5. Type of Ignition
On the idea of ignition, the engines are classified as:
(i). Spark ignition engine (S.I. engine):
In spark-ignition engine there's a sparking plug which is fitted at the engine head. The sparking plug produces spark after the compression of the fuel and ignites the air-fuel mixture for the combustion. The petrol engines are spark-ignition engine.
(ii). Compression ignition engine (C.I. engine):
In Compression ignition engine there's no sparking plug at the plate. The fuel is ignited by the warmth of the compressed gas. The diesel engines are compression ignition engine.
6. Number of Cylinders
On the basis of the number of cylinders present in the engine, the types of engine are:
(i). Single-cylinder engine:
An engine which consists of single-cylinder is named single-cylinder engine. Generally the single-cylinder engines are utilized in motorcycles, scooter, etc.
(ii). Double cylinder engine:
The engine which consists of two cylinders is named double cylinder engine.
(iii). Multi-cylinder engine:
An engine which consists of quite two cylinders is named multi-cylinder engine. The multi-cylinder engine may have three, four, six, eight, twelve and sixteen cylinder.
7. Arrangement of Cylinders
On the basis of the arrangement of cylinders the engines classification is:
(i). Vertical engine:
in vertical engines, the cylinders are arrang in vertical position as shown within the diagram.
(ii). Horizontal engine:
In horizontal engines, the cylinders are place horizontal position as shown within the diagram given below.
(iii). Radial engine:
The rotary engine is reciprocating type combustion engine configuration during which the cylinders radiate outward from a central crankcase just like the spokes of a wheel. When it's view from the front,
it resembles a style star and is name a 'star' engine.
Before the gas turbine engine does not become predominant,
it is commonly used for aircraft engines.
(iv). V-engine:
In v sorts of engine,
the cylinders are place in two banks having some angle between them. The angle between the two banks is kept as small as possible to prevent vibration and balancing problem.
(v). W type engine:
In w type engines, the cylinders are arrange in three rows such it forms W type arrangement. W type engine is form when 12 cylinder and 16 cylinder engines are produce.
(vi). Opposed cylinder engine:
In opposed cylinder engine, the cylinders are place opposite to every other. The piston and therefore the rod show identical movement. It runs smoothly and has more balancing. The size of the opposed cylinder engine increase due to its arrangement.
8. Valve Arrangement
According to the valve arrangement of the inlet and valve in various positions within the plate or block, the car engines are classified into four categories. These arrangements are name as 'L', 'I', 'F' and 'T'. It is easy to recollect the word 'LIFT' to recall the four-valve arrangement.
(i). L-head engine:
In these sorts of engine, the inlet and exhaust valves are arrange side by side and operate by one camshaft. The cylinder and combustion chamber forms an inverted L.
(ii). I-head engine:
In I-head engines, the inlet and exhaust valves are located within the plate. one valve actuates all the valves. These sorts of engine are mostly utilize in automobiles.
(iii). F-head engine:
it's a mixture of I-head and F-head engines. In this, one valve usually inlet valve is within the head and therefore the valve lies within the engine block. Both the sets of valve are operate by the only camshaft.
(iv). T-head engine:
In T-head engines, the inlet valve located at one side and therefore the valve on another side of the cylinder. Here two camshafts are required to work, one for the inlet valve and the other one is for the valve.
9. sorts of cooling
On the idea of sorts of cooling, the engines are classified as:
(i). Air-cooled engines:
In these engines,
the air is use to chill the engines.
In air-cooled engines,
the cylinder barrels are separate and metal fins are use which provide a radiating area that increase cooling.
The air-cooled engines are generally utilize in motorcycles and scooters.
(ii). Water-cooled engines:
In water-cooled engines,
the water is employe for the cooling of the engine.
Water-cooled engines are utilize in cars, buses, trucks and other four-wheeled vehicles, heavy-duty automobiles.
An anti-freezing agent is add , within the water to stop it from freezing during weather.
Every water-cooled engines has radiator for the cooling of predicament from the engine.
the I.C engine is additionally classified :
1. Speed:
On the idea of speed, the kinds of engines are:
(i). Low-speed engine
(ii). Medium-speed engine
(iii). High-speed engine
2. Method of fuel injection system
On the idea of method of fuel injection system the engines are classified as:
(i). Carburettor engine
(ii). Air injection engine
(iii). Airless or solid injection engine
3. Method of Governing
(i). Hit and miss governed engine:
it is a type of engine in which the entry of the fuel is control by the governor. It controls the speed of the engine by isolating the ignition and fuel supply of the engine at very high speed.
(ii). Qualitatively governed engine
(iii). Quantitatively governed engine
(i). Stationary engine:
Stationary engine is an engine in which its framework doesn't move.
it's wont to drive immobile equipment like pump, generator, mill or factory machinery etc.
(ii). Automotive engine:
These are the kinds of engines which utilize in the automobile industries.
For e.g:
petrol engine, diesel, internal-combustion engine are combustion engines falls within the category of automotive engine.
(iii). Locomotive engine:
The engine which is used in trains are called locomotive engines.
(iv). Marine engine:
The engine which used in marines for boat or ship propulsion is named marine engine.
(v). Aircraft engine:
The engines which use in aircraft is called aircraft engine.
Radial and turbine engines is use in aircraft propulsion.
Also read: WANKEL ENGINE
Categories ENGINE Leave a comment
TYPE OF BRAKING SYSTEM
TYPE OF BRAKING SYSTEM , Most brakes use friction on the 2 sides of the wheel,
the collective continue the wheel converts the K.E. of the moving object into heat.
regenerative braking turns much of the energy to electrical energy, which may be stored for later use.
Eddy current brakes use magnetic fields to convert kinetic energy into electrical current in the brake disc, blade, or rail,
further electrical current converted into heat.
The following are the foremost common sorts of braking systems in modern cars.
It's always good to understand which of them suits your car for straightforward troubleshooting and servicing.
Hydraulic braking system:
This system runs on brake fluid, cylinders, and friction.
By creating pressure within,
glycol ethers or diethylene glycol forces the restraint to prevent the wheels from moving.
• The force generated in the hydraulic braking system is higher than the mechanical braking system.
• The hydraulic braking system considered together of the important braking systems for contemporary vehicles.
• The chance of brake failure is very less in the case of the hydraulic braking system. The direct connection between the actuator and therefore the brake disc or drum makes very little chance of breakdown.
Electromagnetic braking system:
Electromagnetic braking systems are found in many modern and hybrid vehicles.
The electromagnetic braking system uses the principle of electromagnetism to achieve frictionless braking.
This serves to increase the life span and reliability of brakes.
traditional braking systems are susceptible to slip
while this is often back with the fast magnetic brakes.
So without friction or need for lubrication,
this technology is prefer in hybrid.
it is quite modest in size compare to the traditional braking systems.
It is mostly use in the trams and trains.
To make electromagnetic brakes work,
a magnetic flux when passed during a direction perpendicular to the rotating direction of the wheel,
we see a rapid current flowing during a direction opposite to the rotation of the wheel.
This creates an opposing force to the wheel rotation and it slows down the wheel.
Advantages of Electromagnetic braking system:
• Electromagnetic braking is fast and cheap.
• In electromagnetic braking,
there is no maintenance cost like replacing brake shoes periodically.
• By using electromagnetic braking, the capacity of the system( like higher speeds, heavy loads) can be improved.
• A part of the energy is delivered to the supply consequently the running cost is reduced.
• a negligible amount of heat is generated,whereas in mechanical braking enormous heat is produced at brake shoes
which leads to a brake failure.
Servo braking system:
Also known as vacuum or vacuum-assisted braking.
Among this system,
the pressure applied to the pedal by the driver is increase.
They use the vacuum that is produce in petrol engines
by the air intake system in the engine's intake pipe or via a vacuum pump in diesel engines.
A brake where power assistance is employed to scale back the human effort.
In a car,
engine vacuum is often use to make a large-diaphragm flex and operate the control cylinder.
• Servo braking system boosters used with the hydraulic brake system.
The size of the cylinder and the wheels are practically employ.
Vacuum boosters increase the braking force.
• Pushing the brake pedal releases the vacuum on the side of the booster.
The difference in the air pressure pushes the diaphragm for braking the wheel.
Mechanical braking system:
The mechanical braking system powers the hand brake or emergency brake.
It is the type of braking system,
in which the brake force applied on the brake pedal is carried to the final brake drum
or disc rotor by the various mechanical linkage like cylindrical rods, fulcrums, springs, etc.
In order to stop the vehicle.
Mechanical brakes were utilize in several old automobile vehicles but they're archaic nowadays thank to their less effectiveness.
Types of Brakes:
The disk brake may be a mechanism for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel from its motion.
disk brake is generally made from forged iron,
but in some cases,
it also made from composites like carbon-carbon or ceramic -matrix composites.
This is link to the wheel and/or the axle.
To stop the wheel,
friction material within the sort of restraint is force against each side of the disc.
Friction caused,
on the disc wheel will slow or stop.
A drum brakes may be a traditional break during,
which the friction is cause by a group of shoes or pads that press against a rotating drum-shaped part called a drum.
The term drum brake usually means a brake during,
which shoes continue the inner surface of the drum.
Where the drum is pinch between two shoes,
almost like a typical disc brake, sometimes called a pinch drum brake,
although such breaks are relatively rare.
ALSO CHECK- ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN A VEHICLE
ALSO CHECK- WANKEL ENGINE
Categories Automobile 1 Comment
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN A VEHICLE
The main function of the electrical system in a vehicle is to generate, store, and supply the electric current
to various systems of a vehicle.
It operates the electrical components/parts in vehicles.
Most components of the earlier-generation vehicles were predominantly mechanical in nature and operation.
Over the amount of your time,
these components started operating electrically/electronically;
shedding their pure mechanical function which the sooner vehicles used.
Nowadays,
the bulk of vehicular systems have an electrical function for simple operation and precision control.
Even more advanced steering systems like electrical power Assisted Steering (EPAS) also operate by electrical power.
the engineers felt the necessity for consistency within the generation of electrical power.
they employed different mechanisms to effectively generate, regulate, store, and provide the electrical current within the vehicles.
Negative Earth:
Earlier generation cars mostly used the positive ground in their electrical system.
During this system,
the positive terminal of the battery was attached to the chassis while the negative terminal was live.
However, later this technique was discontinued.
Today,
modern cars make use of the negative earth in their electrical system.
Generally, most cars use the 12 Volts electrical system.
some small bikes still use the 6 Volts system
whereas some commercial vehicles use the 24 Volts system.
The vehicle electrical system consists of the subsequent main components:
Cut Out/Voltage Regulator
Vehicle Electrical System: Magneto
Magneto is an electrical device that generates periodic pulses of AC.
However, it uses permanent magnets
. The magneto doesn't have a 'commutator' which produces the DC (DC) sort of a Dynamo.
Manufacturers classify the magneto as a kind of an alternator.
it's different from other alternators that use field coils rather than permanent magnets.
The magneto has the following parts:
Set of permanent magnets
Cranking mechanism (Usually a kick during a motorcycle)
magneto converts the energy of the engine into electricity to run the engine uninterruptedly.
Magneto's magnetic flux strength is constant.
the most advantage of the magneto is that its output is steady no matter load variations.
if the engine shuts down, then it again needs an external input to restart.
the utilization of such magnetos for ignition is extremely limited.
there are a couple of motorcycles, small bikes, and quads that still use the magneto system.
the most advantage of this technique is reduced weight.
Initially, you would like the input from the battery to start out the engine.
the magneto generates electricity from the input of the energy.
Vehicle Electrical System: Dynamo/Generator
A Dynamo/Generator may be a device that converts energy into electricity.
It supplies the electricity for charging the battery of a vehicle.
The generator gets the drive from the engine, generally thru' the belt.
In earlier generation vehicles, you'll see this sort of arrangement.
The speed of the generator largely depends on the speed of the engine.
because the engine speed increases; so does the speed of the generator.
It varies to an excellent extent throughout the engine's speed like its power-band.
things demands that the generator output should remain nearly constant.
Also, another name for the automotive Generator is Dynamo.
Furthermore, the automotive generator produces DC (DC).
this is often because the electrical components need the DC to function.
Automotive applications most ordinarily use the Generator made from shunt winding.
Initially, manufacturers employed generators to supply DC (DC) which the opposite electrical components/gadgets could directly use/consume.
However, now, the Generator is replaced by the Alternator which generates AC (AC).
it's then converted into the DC (DC) with the assistance of diodes.
The main components of a generator are:
Field coils
Vehicle Electrical System: Alternator
The Alternator is additionally referred to as the AC Generator.
it's a tool that produces an AC (AC) rather than DC (DC).
Hence, it's referred to as an Alternator and works on an equivalent principle.
within the early 60s, the alternator replaced the DC Generator due to its distinct advantages over the latter.
However, the automotive electrical system only uses the DC.
So, you would like a mechanism to convert the AC to DC.
An alternator converts the AC (AC) to DC (DC) with the assistance of diodes.
The main components of an alternator are:
Frame or housing
Rotor (with electromagnets)
Slip ring and bushes
Vehicle Electrical System: Cut-Out Relay
The Cut-Out mechanism regulates and cuts out the present output getting to the battery.
When the engine is running at very slow speeds,
the generator output is typically less than the battery output voltage of 12 volts.
Hence, it's insufficient to charge the battery.
In such a scenario, the battery starts to empty out into the generator because the battery voltage is above the generator output.
to stop the battery from draining off, manufacturers employ a voltage regulator/Cut-Out. It connects/disconnects the generator from the battery.
When the generator output is less than battery voltage,
then it disconnects the generator from the battery,
whereas when the output is higher, it connects the generator back to the battery.
Thus, it prevents the battery from discharging at slow engine speeds.
Vehicle Electric System: Battery
The main purpose of A battery is to store the electricity within the DC form for future use.
A car or motorcycle battery is simply like all other battery that has two poles: positive and negative.
Modern cars use the negative earth technology.
The positive pole represents the South Pole while the negative pole represents the North Pole .
The positive terminal is usually bigger in diameter than the negative terminal. this is often to stop it from being potentially fitted in a wrong way.
Electric Vehicles use more advanced type 'Lithium-Ion' or 'Li-Ion' batteries.
These batteries can store more current and take less time to charge compared to standard batteries.
Li-ion batteries have high energy density and low self-discharge properties. Hence, they provide long hours of operation before needing the re-charge.
What is a carburetor?
Maximum efficiency
Categories Automobile 2 Comments
It works on a similar principle on the otto cycle.
It consists of three lobes rotor, casing, spark plug, suction, and exhaust ports.
The rotor of the engine is driven eccentrically in the casing in such a way that there are three separate volume trapped between the rotor and casing.
The volume trapped in each lobe performs the function of suction, compression, ignition, combustion, expansion, and exhaust processes.
we get three power strokes in one revolution of the rotor
https://youtu.be/josJhz8VS8A
In the case of a four-stroke I.C. engine, we get one power stroke in two revolutions of the crankshaft,
the Wankel engine develops six times the power for the same capacity of cylinder compared to reciprocating I.C .engines.
Intake:-
When a tip of the rotor passes the intake port, a fresh mixture starts getting into the primary chamber. The chamber draws fresh air until the second apex reaches the intake port & closes it. At the instant, the fresh air-fuel mixture is sealed into the primary chamber & is being removed for combustion.
Compression:-
The chamber one(between corner 1 to corner 2) containing the fresh charge gets compressed
to the form of the engine by the time it reaches to sparking plug.
While this happens, a replacement mixture starts getting into the second chamber(between corner 2 to corner 3).
Combustion:-
When the sparking plug ignites, the highly compressed mixture expands explosively. The pressure of expansion pushes the rotor within the forward direction. This happens until the primary corner passes through the exhaust port.
Exhaust:-
As the peak OR corner 1 passes the exhaust port, the recent high-pressure combustion gases are liberal to effuse of the port.
As the rotor continues to maneuver, the quantity of the chamber goes on decreasing forcing the remaining gases out of port. By the time the corner 2 closes the exhaust port, corner 1 passes by the intake port repeating the cycle.
While the primary chamber is discharging gases, the second chamber(between corner 2 to corner 3) is under compression. Simultaneously, chamber 3(between corner 3 to corner 1) is drawing a fresh mixture.
This is the sweetness of the engine – the four sequences of the four-stroke cycle, which occur consecutively during a piston engine, occur simultaneously within the Wankel engine, producing power during a continuous stream.
What is carburetor?
Categories ENGINE, Uncategorized 3 Comments
FUNDING FOR CARBON CAPTURE THECHNOLOGIES
September 8, 2020 September 5, 2020 by admin
ANNOUNCEMENT BY US DEPARTMENT FOR FUNDING CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES
The US Department of Energy has announced $72m in funding for funding carbon capture technologies and $29m for fusion research projects.
On Wednesday, the department announced money for projects investigating two different areas of carbon capture.
within the first funding opportunity, nine new thermal power projects and industrial carbon sources will receive $51m for advancing carbon capture and storage (CCS).
This will involve testing engineering-scale technologies on flue gases from coal-fired and natural gas-fired power plants.
A further $21m is going to be split between 18 projects that specialize in capturing CO₂ directly from the air,
referred to as direct air capture.
These projects will specialize in developing and field-testing new materials used in direct air capture.
General Electric Research, Susteon, Innosense, and Electricore have each received many thousands of dollars
To develop different methods and sorbent materials for capturing CO2 from the air.
US Secretary of Energy Dan Brouillette said:
"The projects selected as a neighborhood of this research will help us develop the technological solutions needed to scale back greenhouse emission.
This is often critical to balancing our nation's energy use while continuing to steer the planet in emissions reductions."
Assistant Secretary for the Office of Fossil Energy Steven Winberg said:
"The primary mission of our office is to make sure that we can still believe its fuel resources for clean and secure energy.
The advancement of carbon capture technologies, including direct air capture, contributes there to the mission.
Our ultimate goal is to mature these technologies
In order to commercialize and delivered to the market."
Fusion funds specialize in technologies surrounding the most reactor
The department also announced $29m for fusion technology advancements.
Fusion energy generation remains at an experimental stage, with research projects that specialize in consistently producing more energy
Than is required to start out the fusion process.
In a statement, the department said that while this has progressed,
"there remains a big got to specialize in the materials and enabling technologies which will be needed to determine fusion energy's technical and commercial viability once net energy gain is achieved."
The support will go toward 14 projects making advancements to technologies outside of this "fusion core". This comes as a part of the Galvanizing Advances in Market-aligned fusion for an Overabundance of Watts (GAMOW) scheme.
The funded projects will cover three research areas. the primary of those covers the technologies, materials, and superconducting-magnet and fuel-cycle subsystems between the fusion plasma and balance of plant systems.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory received $8.65m for 3 projects, one among which can increase the warmth tolerance of materials in subsystems round the thermonuclear reactor.
Significant funding for US fusion research
The projects also will check out cost-effective, high efficiency, high-duty-cycle electrical driver technologies, also as those with more general applications, like new fusion materials, manufacturing processes, or scaling-up technologies.
The University of Houston has received $1.5m to continue its research into rare-earth metallic tapes. These could allow magnets infusion devices to become more powerful and cheaper to manufacture, lowering their cost by 30 times.
The Advanced scientific research Agency sponsors the GAMOW scheme.
Director Lane Genachowski said:
"Fusion energy may be a potentially game-changing clean energy source,
but for many years it faced scientific and technical challenges.
GAMOW teams will work to further develop enabling fusion materials and subsystem technologies, with attention on the timely future commercialization and deployment of fusion energy generation."
International governments have collaborated on the ITER project in France, but some companies have started work on smaller reactors. In August, company Chevron invested in Zap Energy, which focuses on scalable fusion technology.
Also check:https://forgottentheory.com/moon-landing-facts/
https://forgottentheory.com/another-way-of-cooling-in-refrigeration-system-magneto-caloric-effect/
ANTI SOLAR PANEL
Categories Uncategorized 4 Comments
THE MOON IS GETTING RUSTY FROM EARTH
Scientists had an equivalent reaction you almost certainly did once they reached this conclusion.
It should not be possible — in any case,
there is no oxygen on the moon, one among the 2 essential elements to make rust, the opposite being water.
But the evidence was there.
India's lunar probe, Chandrayaan-1, orbited the moon in 2008, gathering data that has led to numerous discoveries
over the years — including the revelation that there are water molecules on its surface. The probe also carried an instrument built by NASA that would analyze the moon's mineral composition.
When researchers at NASA and therefore the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology analyzed the info recently,
they were stunned to find hints of hematite,
a sort of iron oxide referred to as rust.
There are many iron-rich rocks on the moon
when the iron is exposed to oxygen and water to produce rust.
There's a huge mass embedded within the center of the moon, and astronomers aren't sure what it's
"At first, I totally didn't believe it.
It shouldn't exist supported the conditions present on the Moon," said Abigail Fraeman,
a scientist at NASA's reaction propulsion Laboratory, during a handout.
Not only is there no air on the moon,
but it's flooded with hydrogen that flows from the sun, carried by solar radiation.
Rust is produced
when oxygen removes electrons from iron; hydrogen does the other by adding electrons, which suggests it's all the harder for rust to make on the hydrogen-rich moon.
"It's very puzzling," said Shuai Li of the University of Hawaii,
on Wednesday within the journal Science Advances. "The Moon may be a terrible environment for hematite to make in."
After months of research, Li and therefore the NASA scientists think they've cracked it — and the answer to the mystery lies in our very own planet.
Here's their theory
One major clue was the rust was more targeting the side of the moon that faces Earth
suggesting it had been somehow linked to our planet.
Earth is encompassed during a magnetic flux, and solar radiation stretches this bubble
to make an extended magnetic tail within the downwind direction.
The moon enters this tail three days before it's full, and it takes six days to cross the tail and exit on the opposite side.
During these six days, Earth's magnetic tail covers the moon's surface with electrons, and everyone kind of strange thing can happen. Dust particles on the moon's surface might float off the bottom, and moon dust might fly into a duster, consistent with NASA.
An enhanced map of hematite (dust) on the moon, shown in red employing aspheric projection of the nearside.
And, Li speculated, oxygen from the world travels on this magnetic tail to land on the moon, where it interacts with lunar water molecules to make rust.
The magnetic tail also blocks nearly all solar radiation during the complete moon
the moon is temporarily shielded from the blast of hydrogen, opening a window for rust to make.
"Our hypothesis is that lunar hematite is made through oxidation of lunar surface iron by the oxygen from the Earth's upper atmosphere
that has been continuously blown to the lunar surface by solar radiation when the Moon is in Earth's magnetotail during the past several billion years," said Li during a handout by the University of Hawaii.
"This discovery will reshape our knowledge about the Moon's polar regions," he added. "Earth may have played a crucial role in the evolution of the Moon's surface."
A growing dent in Earth's magnetic flux could impact satellites and spacecraft
on other airless bodies like asteroids. "It might be that tiny bits of water
therefore the impact of dust particles are allowing iron in these bodies to rust," Fraeman said.
But some questions remain unanswered
where the Earth's oxygen should not be ready to reach.
it is also still unclear how exactly water on the moon is interacting with the rock.
To gather more data for these unsolved mysteries,
NASA is building a replacement version of the instrument
that collected all this existing data about the moon's mineral composition.
one among these features are going to be ready to map water ice
on the moon's craters — and "may be ready to reveal new details about hematite also," said the NASA release.
ALSO, CHECK- ANNOUNCEMENT BY US DEPARTMENT FOR FUNDING CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES
MOON LANDING FACTS
MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION
Categories Technology 2 Comments
It was a feat for the ages. Just seven years before, a young president had challenged the state to land a person on the moon—not because it had been "easy," as John F. Kennedy said in 1962, but because it had been "hard." By July 20, 1969, Armstrong backed down a ladder and onto the moon's surface.
Along the thanks to achieving JFK's vision, there was much diligence, drama, and surprise. Here are some lesser-known moments throughout the epic U.S. effort to succeed in the moon.
1. Moon dirt smells.
A big question facing the NASA team planning the Apollo 11 moon landing was what would the moon's surface be like—would the lander's legs land on firm ground, or sink into something soft? The surface clothed to be solid, but the important surprise was that the moon had a smell.
Moon soil is extremely clingy and hard to ignore, so when Armstrong and Aldrin returned to the lunar excursion module and repressurized it, lunar dirt that had clung to the men's suits entered the cabin and commenced to emit an odor. The astronauts reported that it had a burned smell like wet fireplace ashes, or just like the air after a fireworks show.
Scientists would never get the prospect to research just what the crew was smelling.
The moon soil and rock samples were sent to labs in sealed containers, once the pack was open on earth.smell has gone
Somehow, as Charles Fishman, author of 1 Giant Leap, says, "The smell of the moon remained on the moon."
2. JFK was more focused on beating the Soviets than in space.
In public, President John F. Kennedy had boldly pledged that the us would "set sail on this new sea because there's new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and that they must be won and used for the progress of all people."
But secret tapes of Kennedy's discussions would later reveal that privately, JFK was less curious about space exploration than in one-upping the Soviets.
In a 1962 meeting with advisors and NASA administrators, JFK confessed, "I'm not that curious about space." But he was curious about winning the conflict. Just months after JFK's inauguration, the Soviet Union had sent the primary man into space. Kennedy asked his vice-chairman, Lyndon B. Johnson, how the U.S. could score a win against the Soviets.
One of the simplest ways to point out U.S. dominance, Johnson reported back, was by sending a manned mission to the moon. Johnson, in fact, had long been an area advocate, saying in 1958, "Control of space is control of the planet ."
3. The Soviets covered up their efforts to urge to the moon first.
It seems that the us wasn't alone in eagerness to demonstrate its dominance by landing humans on the moon. The Soviet Union was also gunning to accomplish the feat. But once U.S. astronauts got there first, the Soviets tried to stay their efforts on the down-low.
4. Astronauts trained for microgravity by walking "sideways."
How does one prepare to send someone to an area nobody has ever gone before? For NASA within the 1960s, the solution was to make simulations that mimicked aspects of what astronauts could expect to encounter.
Armstrong and Aldrin rehearsed collecting samples on fake, indoor moonscapes. Armstrong practiced beginning and landing within the Lunar Landing Training Vehicle in Houston. And, to simulate walking within the moon's lower-gravity atmosphere, astronauts were suspended sideways by straps then walked along a tilted wall.
NASA and therefore the U.S. Geological Survey even blasted out craters at Cinder Lake, Arizona to make a landscape that matched a part of the moon's surface—because, after all, practice makes perfect
5. Civil Rights activists got a front-row seat to the Apollo 11 launch.
Not everyone was gung-ho about the U.S. effort to land people on the moon. a couple of days before the scheduled launch of Apollo 11, a gaggle of activists, led by civil rights leader Ralph Abernathy, arrived outside the gates of the Kennedy Space Center. They brought with them two mules and a wooden wagon for instance the contrast between the gleaming white Saturn V rocket and families who couldn't afford food or an honest place to measure.
Amid the heady build-up to the launch, the NASA administrator, Paine, came bent ask the protestors, face-to-face. After Paine and Abernathy talked for a short time under lightly falling rain, Paine said he hoped Abernathy would "hitch his wagons to our rocket, using the program as a spur to the state to tackle problems boldly in other areas, and using NASA's space successes as a yardstick by which progress in other areas should be measured."
Paine then arranged to possess members of the group to attend the subsequent day's launch from a VIP viewing area. Abernathy prayed for the security of the astronauts and said he was as proud as anyone at the accomplishment.
6. Buzz Aldrin took communion on the moon.
When Apollo 11's Eagle lunar excursion module landed on the moon on July 20, 1969, astronauts Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had to attend before venturing outside. Their mission ordered them to require an interruption before the large event.
So Aldrin used a number of the time doing something unexpected, something no man had ever attempted before. Alone and overwhelmed by anticipation, he took part within the first Christian sacrament ever performed on the moon—a rite of Christian communion.
7. Scientists have scared about space germs infecting Earth.
Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collin risk their lives for the advancement of humanity
They had the dubious pleasure of being quarantined for planetary protection.
Since humans had never been to the moon before,
NASA scientists couldn't make certain that some deadly space-borne plague hadn't hitched a ride on the astronauts.
The trio was transferred to a mobile quarantine facility on July 24,
when the re-enter to down to pacific
They were transported to NASA Lunar Receiving Laboratory at Johnson Space Center
To access a bigger quarantine facility until their release on August 10, 1969.
8. Nixon was anxious the mission could fail.
While Kennedy had rallied the state to land a person on the moon,
he was assassinated before he could see the Apollo mission achieve his vision.
That nerve-racking honor fell to President Nixon, who had been elected in 1968.
His staff had prepared a press release to be read within the event
the worst happened and arranged a priest to commit their souls to the deep, very similar to a burial stumped.
He didn't. the lads who had traveled quite 200,000 miles to the moon
then stepped foot on an alien world had survived.
therefore the us would continue to finish six crewed missions
that landed a complete of 12 astronauts on the moon from 1969 to 1972.
ALSO CHECK-https://forgottentheory.com/another-way-of-cooling-in-refrigeration-system-magneto-caloric-effect/
Categories Others, Uncategorized 3 Comments
Why we need magnetic refrigeration AND what is the magnetocaloric effect?
Magnetic cooling technology could make fridges and air conditioners quieter, safer, and more environmentally friendly. It might also help scientists run experiments at temperatures lower than the extreme chill of outer space without using expensive cryogenic liquids.
To avoid damage to the environment. Magnetic Refrigeration is an emerging, environment-friendly technology based on a magnetic solid that acts as a refrigerant by the magneto-caloric effect (MCE).
The magnetic refrigeration system works by applying a magnetic field to a magnetic material causing it to heat up.
The excess heat can remove by using water.
After cooling the material again come to the original temperature.
The material will demagnetised.
Magnetic cooling relies on materials called magnetocaloric, which heat up when exposed to a powerful magnetic field.
The conventional vapor compression system makes use of a compressor, two heat exchangers – an evaporator and a condenser, a throttling device.
The heat will converter into a vapor state in the evaporator
The vapor will enter into a compressor and increase the pressure and temperature
Then refrigerant will emits its heat into a condenser and will convert into a liquid in the magnetic system.
Then the throttling device will reduce the refrigerant pressure to the evaporator pressure.
The use of magnets, either permanent or superconducting, change occur in the magnetic field.
After that CFC or HFC refrigerant will convert into a working substance i.e. a magneto-caloric material.
Then the magneto-caloric effect will increase its temperature and the material will magnetize.
Magneto-caloric effect
The Magnetocaloric effect may be a magneto- thermodynamic phenomenon during which a reversible change in temperature of an appropriate material is caused by exposing the material to a changing magnetic flux.
this is often also referred to as adiabatic demagnetization
therein a part of the general refrigeration process, a decrease within the strength of an externally applied magnetic flux allows the magnetic domains of a selected (magnetocaloric) material to become disoriented from the magnetic flux by the agitating action of the thermal energy (phonons) present within the material.
If the fabric is isolated so that no energy is allowed to (e)migrate into the material during this point (i.e. an adiabatic process),
the temperature drops because the domains absorb the thermal energy to perform their reorientation.
The randomization of the domains occurs during a similar fashion to the randomization at the Curie temperature, except that magnetic dipoles overcome a decreasing external magnetic flux while energy remains constant, rather than magnetic domains being disrupted from internal ferromagnetism as energy is added.
one of the foremost notable samples of the magnetocaloric effect is within the element gadolinium and a few of its alloys.
Gadolinium temperature is observed to extend when it enters certain magnetic fields.
Gadolinium and its alloys are the simplest material available today for magnetic refrigeration near temperature
since they undergo second-order phase transitions that haven't any magnetic or thermal hysteresis involved.
ALSO CHECK- https://forgottentheory.com/maximum-efficiency/
September 5, 2020 August 19, 2020 by admin
why we need anti solar panel?
One of the problems with solar panels is that they don't generate electricity at night
so we have to store the electricity they generate during the day to power things during the evening.
But what if we could develop solar panels that did generate electricity at night?
It is possible by anti solar panel.
what is anti solar panel?
Anti solar panel is a panel that works in dark.
To create a solar panel that generates electricity at night
Then you just have to create the exact opposite of solar panels work during the day.
It can be refer as"anti-solar panel."
How does it works?
There are different sorts of solar panels.
The one most typically used may be a type that generates electricity from the sun through a physical process called the photo-voltaic (PV) effect i.e ,when light exposure on certain materials generates an electrical current.
Another type is to generates electricity from heat through thermal processes.
The sun is hotter and Earth is cooler, and therefore the difference in temperature are often converted into usable energy.
That second quite solar battery is that the one that inspired a team of researchers at Stanford University in Palo Alto , California to develop a replacement system which can harness energy darkly .
An inverse version of the solar battery also supports the concept of using heat to urge energy
While the solar battery uses the heat difference between the sun and Earth with the planet being the cooler side .
i.e, system makes use of the heat difference between the coolness of the night atmosphere.
thus the planet with the world being the hotter side.
The amount of power coming in, from the Sun . Approximately equal amount of power going out from the planet as thermal radiation,
so on stay the planet at a roughly constant temperature.
the number of power available for harvesting is extremely large.
this device has the potential to bridge the gap left by solar energy , collecting energy from the night sky.
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
The thermoelectric generator–based device harnesses the variance in temperature between Earth and space.
By using "a passive cooling mechanism mentioned as radiative sky cooling to require care of the cold side of a thermoelectric generator several degrees below ambient."
the encircling air heats the great and comfy side of the thermoelectric generator, with the subsequent temperature difference converted into usable electricity.
We highlight pathways to improving performance from a demonstrated 25 mW/m2 to 0.5 W/m2.
Finally, we demonstrate that even with the low-cost implementation demonstration here, enough power is produced to light a LED: generating light from darkness.
if we can devise a system that can generate clean energy 24 hours a day, we could possibly produce more energy than we need and store it for various purposes, such as an emergency.
It's better to have too much energy than to come up short
The researchers have only tested their system with a very small prototype.
The device was a 20-centimeter (8-inch) aluminum disk painted black and attached to commercial thermoelectricity generators.
It successfully created enough energy to power one small LED lightbulb–a small success with immeasurably massive potential.
It's even possible that the device could act in reverse during the daytime, absorbing sunlight and producing electricity from a heat travelling from the sun to the disk and into the surface environment.
This generator could produce power at nighttime or low-resource areas that lack electricity within the dark when solar panels don't work.
For now, this device doesn't compared to the energy harvesting abilities of a solar battery.
But the technology remains only within the research and development stage.
The researchers have already planned to improve .
By enhancing the insulation around the top plate that might raise the energy of device to produce 0.5 watts per square meter or more.
ALSO CHECK: WIND TURBINE
Categories Technology, Uncategorized 1 Comment
Categories Select Category Automobile (3) ENGINE (4) Machines (2) Others (2) Technology (6) Uncategorized (4)
O-RING SEAL January 16, 2021
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENGINE October 30, 2020
TYPE OF BRAKING SYSTEM October 19, 2020
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN A VEHICLE October 15, 2020
WANKEL ENGINE October 14, 2020
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Entertainers » Actors
Trisha Krishnan Net Worth (2022): Height, Age, Full Name, Bio
Alex | Last Updated On January 13th, 2022
Trisha Krishnan is a Bollywood actress. Krishnan mainly appears in South Indian films using languages such as Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Hindi. Krishnan Krish has featured in 58 films in her career. Her fans consider Krishnan one of the most beautiful Indian actresses and Krishnan boasts one of the largest social media following.
Trisha Krishnan's Net Worth
As of 2022, Trisha Krishnan's net worth is estimated to be $10 million.
Net Worth $10 million
Given Name Trisha Krishnan
Famous Name Trisha Krishnan
Source(s) of Fame Actress
Date of Birth May 4, 1983
Place of Birth Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Relationships Dating, Ranna Daggubati,
Krishnan is a South Indian actress with at least 58 movies in her career. She started her acting career by appearing in TV commercials from 1999. Her film debut was a supporting role in the Tamil film "Jodi" and this was followed by several guest appearances in TV and film.
Krishnan's first lead role was in a 2002 film titled"Mounam Pesiyadhe " and later in 2004 she appeared in the film "Enakku 20 Enakku 18" which was shot in the Tamil language.
Her Telugu film debut was in "Varsham", a 2004 film that featured the actor Prabhas. Varsham became her most commercially successful film at the time and helped elevate Krishnan as a Bollywood star.
Krishnan appeared in the Bollywood film "Khatta Meetha" alongside Akshay Kumar in 2010. She has starred in a Malayalam film called "Hey Jude" that came out in 2018.
Krishnan's most successful films to date are Ghilli, Varsham, Khatta Meetha, and Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana.
Krishnan is affiliated with several brands as an influencer and ambassador. She earns an income from working as a brand ambassador for companies such as Coca Cola, Fanta India, ITC Limited, Vivel Di Willis, and Fairever Fairness Cream.
Krishnan was born in South India on 4 May 1983. She graduated from high school at Sacred Heart Matriculation School in Chennai and proceeded to get a Bachelor's degree at Ethiraj College for Women.
Krishnan was engaged to a businessman named Varun Mania but the engagement was later called off. She is currently dating Ranna Daggubati.
Krishnan has a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
She owns a luxury mansion in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, where she lives with her mother and maternal grandmother. Krishnan also invests in real estate in Chennai along with other business ventures in her hometown.
A post shared by Trish (@trishakrishnan)
Trisha Krishnan is active on Instagram where she has 3.1 million followers. She also has a Twitter account that she uses to post news of upcoming projects and also to engage with her fans.
Trisha Krishnan is a South Indian actress with a net worth of $10 million. Krishnan has starred in 58 films ranging from Tamil, Malayalam, and Hindi. She was born on 4 May 1983 and currently lives in Chennai, India with her family.
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Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology for Architecture, Engineering and Construction
PiXYZ plug-in brings IFC files into Unity's real time engine
Development is part of a renewed effort by Unity to increase presence in AEC sector
Unity Technologies has teamed up with PiXYZ to create a plug-in that allows IFC BIM files to be imported into Unity's real-time 3D engine. The bridge allows users to harness the power of BIM metadata, and optimise and create real-time renderings of CAD models using numerous Unity features.
Unity has published a blog post that shows the workflow from Autodesk Revit (also seen in the video below), but IFC data can be imported from any program that supports the neutral BIM format, such as Tekla Structures, ArchiCAD and AutoCAD Civil 3D.
This isn't the only way to bring IFC data into Unity. Last year Tridify launched a cloud service that uses IFC files to create optimised models, complete with BIM data, for real time viz, VR and AR applications.
Unity is also working with Autodesk on new technology that will allows users to import Revit data directly into Unity. You can read more about the collaboration between Autodesk and Unity in this AEC Magazine article.
Unity is not the only firm looking to solve the workflow challenges of bringing design data into a 'game engine' environment. Last year Epic Games announced support for Revit to streamline the transfer of BIM data into Unreal Engine. However, with Revit known for being notoriously hard to develop for, Unity will look to use its Autodesk partnership to its advantage as both 'game engine' developers look to increase penetration in the AEC sector.
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Much like humans, every cat is different, and whether you're an experienced cat owner or a newbie feline friend, it can be difficult to determine exactly the kind of diet that is appropriate for your cat. Of course, it is always best to consult a vet first, but before you do, it's always good to educate yourself on some of the different kinds of cat diets, which is what we'll be discussing in this article.
The first type of feline diet is the high-energy diet, which is most suitable for cats that need that extra energy because they are more active. The first thing that comes to mind is, of course, kittens. They are generally bubbly and hyperactive and always on the go, so they might need a high-energy diet to keep them from wasting away. However, there are some other cats that need more energy than you might think. Pregnant cats will need to eat higher-energy diets, and sometimes owners can forget this, but they are growing babies in there and that takes energy.
The next type is the raw food diet for cats. When many people think of raw food, they think of raw vegans, and a diet consisting of a whole lot of fruits and vegetables, but the same doesn't go for cats. Raw food for your kitty is a slightly controversial choice. You want to opt for a provider of raw cat food ensures the food is non-processed raw meat as it is beneficial. Many people prefer this diet for their cat because it is the one that most closely emulates their natural diet in the wild.
Many cats, especially indoor cats, can struggle with their weight (as indeed we all can). It's quite common for house cats to put on those extra pounds and need to go on a weight loss diet for felines. The most important part of the weight loss diet for cats is to control calories and fats. It's kind of like the opposite of the high-energy diet. In general, there is more meat involved and fewer carbohydrates. Not only that, but carefully measured smaller portions and more frequent meals can also help your cat to lose the weight.
The low protein diet for cats isn't a popular one amongst cats at all, but it is important. Kidney disease (also known as renal disease) is a growing problem in cats and one of the main ways to help renal disease in cats is to lower the protein content of their food. This is because dietary protein is broken down in the cat's gut and this produces toxic by-products that leave the cat's body via the kidneys. When the kidneys aren't working properly, they don't remove the toxins efficiently and the toxins build up and cause the cat to get very sick. A low protein diet minimises the effect of this toxin build-up and puts less stress on the kidneys.
Depending on your cat's age, lifestyle, and medical well-being, their diet will change, and these are only a few of many, many different diets for cats. As always, it's best to consult your vet, but hopefully, this article gave you a little more insight into the options you have for your pet.


The Federal Aviation Administration is launching an investigation after Contact 13 uncovered video of a "splash-and-dash" performed by a local balloon pilot over Rhodes Ranch.
The video was posted on YouTube by user DownieLive on June 27.
The 10-minute video shows a group of people flying above Las Vegas. The video shows the balloon nearly touching the water hazard on the Rhodes Ranch golf course, also known as a splash-and-dash.
Contact 13 has been reporting on complaints from homeowners and residents in Rhodes Ranch, and the surrounding area after a series of low altitude balloons flights.
The FAA has contacted local balloon operations to remind them of the minimum altitude requirements.
We here at Vegas Balloon Rides are aware of the Youtube video, and think it's a fantastic video showing some of the great pilot skills within our company.
A 'Splash and Dash' is a very common hot-air-balloon activity that occurs daily world-wide. It occurs when a pilot dips the basket in a body of water and ascends again.
The Federal Aviation Administration is well aware of a practice that has been a part of the modern Hot Air Ballooning community almost since its inception. In fact, almost every pilot that flies Hot Air Balloons is taught how to properly execute a Splash and Dash as well as to safely fly above water as part of their most basic flight instruction. We were operating well within the Federal Aviation Regulations when this Splash and Dash took place. As you can clearly see on the video, our guests had a fantastic and safe flight.
We recognize it may look unique, especially if you're unfamiliar with hot air balloons but a cursory Google search shows over 19,000 current videos of balloon' Splash and Dash's' across the globe.
We always welcome the FAA. Should they wish to review our operation, our flight practices or our professional credentials, we welcome the scrutiny. We share a common goal of safe, fun flying for everyone.


AFC's project area for land acquisitions extends along the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains from Eaton Canyon to the western Verdugo Mountains. We evaluate land for its importance as wildlife habitat, its potential for trails, its connectivity with other open space areas, and its historic significance, among other things. We work with landowners, government agencies, foundations, and individual donors to preserve this land.


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L&T Breaks Into the Online Learning Space and Launches L&T EduTech
By Rose N. Conaway	 Last updated Oct 16, 2021
Seeking to capitalize on the online education revolution in the country, Infrastructure Major Larsen & Toubro (L&T) announced the launch of its L&T Edu Tech e-learning platform.
"The platform is a new practice-oriented, application-based, industry-led hybrid e-learning platform to help create industry-ready talent," L&T said in a statement. record Friday.
India is home to five ed-tech unicorns, including Byju's, Unacademy, UpGrad, as global investors step up their bets on the country's startup ecosystem.
According to the KPMG Report on Online Education in India: 2021, the industry could be worth $ 1.96 billion.
"We are living in a time of accelerated change, with the need not only to learn new things, but also to seek new and better ways of imparting learning and I have no doubts that L&T EduTech will fulfill this role by empowering young men. and women of the country to meet the challenges of the future ", declared AM Naik, president of the Larsen & Toubro group.
L&T EduTech aims to perpetuate L&T activities and to bridge the gap that exists today between the skills of young engineers and the expectations of the industry.
The company said the e-learning platform will channel the pool of L&T knowledge and expertise gained from executing some of the most complex and demanding projects over decades to empower students and professionals with real professional skills to improve their employability.
"We have a strong demographic dividend, but to translate this potential into performance, it is imperative that we impart relevant skills to our young people, make them more productive and better equipped to contribute to India's growth," added Naik , describing the task before the new business.
What does the platform offer?
L&T EduTech offers three verticals of College Connect, Professional and Vocational Skills, underpinned by robust assessment and certification processes.
While College Connect will provide students with hands-on, application-based learning, Professional Skilling will enable aspiring professionals to accelerate their careers in their fields, L&T said.
Professional skills involve skills certification programs designed by industry experts for better employability.
"A rigorous process of learning, competency, assessment, certification and engagement, as well as a faculty of subject matter experts from industry, academia and L&T are poised to add a new dimension to platform-based hybrid learning and skills. »The infra major added.
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BOOKS!!!! This time of year, there is no shortage of lists that tout the top books of 2011. I'm still trying to climb my way out of my TBR pile from 2007, so if you think I'm attempting to join those list makers, guess again. However, I've read some jaw-dropping books this year and would like to offer my own list that might help spark the perfect gift.
Best books I've read in 2011, which were not necessarily published in 2011. Ahem.
Jellicoe Road by Melina Marchetta. This book won all kinds of awards in 2008. It's the story of orphaned Taylor Markham, who lives year round at a boarding school in Australia and is haunted by dreams of a past that eludes her. Marchetta weaves together the story of two groups of friends, separated by a generation and a horrible tragedy, and creates a love story like nothing I've read before. Kind of a challenge to sink your teeth into at first, but the payoff is HUGE.
Daughter of Smoke and Bone by Laini Taylor. This book is hot off the presses, just published a few months ago. Set in historic Prague, Karou, a blue-haired artist raised by Chimaera (monsters), has the unfortunate calling of "tooth collector" for her father figure, Brimstone. She's never told why he needs the teeth. No one tells Karou where her unusual tattoos originated from, where the forbidden door in Brimstone's store leads, or why an angel wants to kill her. She's about to find out. Daughter of Smoke and Bone is one heck of a page turner and love story. It's hard to find an original concept in paranormal YA, but Laini Taylor succeeds with this very unique novel.
The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman. The first novel to win both the Newbery and Carnegie awards, among numerous others. Nobody Owens, Bod to his friends, is a completely normal boy who happens to grow up in a graveyard. This is a delightful, imaginative, and sometimes scary novel for grades five and up. If you dig Harry Potter, you'll love the world Gaiman builds.
The Ivy & Bean Books by Annie Barrows. Two spicy little girls who are opposites in temperament but partners in fun find themselves in all sorts of pickles — most of them self-imposed. There are eight books in this hilarious series. My daughter (seven) LOVES them and so do I.
Reservation Blues by Sherman Alexie. I became a fan of Sherman Alexie after reading The Absolutely True Diary of a Part time Indian, his smash-hit YA novel from 2007. Winner of the American Book Award, Reservation Blues is the story of Thomas Builds-the-Fire, a Spokane Indian whose life is upended when legendary blues player Robert Johnson gives him a magical guitar. Alexie's writing is quirky, hysterical, poetic and mystical. One of my all-time favorite writers.
Lit by Mary Karr. Karr's memoir of her hardscrabble Texas childhood, The Liar's Club, dominated bestseller lists in 1995. Cherry chronicled Karr's adolescence, and Lit, published in 2009, is her "journey from blackbelt sinner and lifelong agnostic to unlikely Catholic." It reads like your sassy best friend talks when she's at her feisty, candid best. Chock full of humor, poetry, and blinding honesty.
I'm always on the hunt for the next great read. What are some of the best books you've read this year?
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Daughter of Smoke and Bone, Graveyard Book, Ivy and Bean, Jellicoe Road, Mary Karr, Melina Marchetta, Reservation Blues, Sherman Alexie, Young-adult fiction by Beth Christopher. Bookmark the permalink.
I LOVED LOVED LOVED The Sky is Everywhere. The Name of the Star has been getting lots of buzz, eh? I've added it to the list, along with your other suggestions. Thanks!
Jellicoe Road is my favorite YA book! 🙂 So glad you enjoyed it. I just finished A Slice of Cherry, and if you're into dark and twisted, you'll love it. It was so awesome.
Love this… I'm always looking for new books… I'm on book #65 for this year… and so many of them have come from your 'referrals'… Yeah!! Keep them coming! And I wanna read yours!! 🙂 Love ya.
Mary Sherrie – 65 books in a year. Wow! What were some of your faves?


Botox New York City (NYC) - Westchester New York | Matthew Schulman, M.D.
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Treatment of Hyperhidrosis: Hyperhidrosis, or excessive sweating, can be very debilitating and limit social interactions. Botox can reduce sweating of the underarms, hands, and feet with results lasting up to one year. It may be a great option for those people whose sweating is resistant to over-the-counter products.
able, and requires no downtime.


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Q: How to add button or link to YII2 Gridview::FILTER_DATE I am trying to add button or link to the filter_date popup calendar to allow filtering gridview not only by particular date but also to display null values only (like excel autofilter empty values).

On Search model i setup query :
($this->delivery_date)=="null" ? $query->andWhere(['delivery_date' => null,]) : $query->andFilterWhere(['delivery_date' => $this->delivery_date]);
Now i need to allow in search field 'null' value apart of date.
Is there a simple way to modify calendar widget ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text: RLI 283 Patron-Driven Acquisitions and the Development of Research Collections 7 RESEARCH LIBRARY ISSUES: A REPORT FROM ARL, CNI, AND SPARC 2013 would be representative of a particular region or theme.5 While users would have active input into the decision-making process associated with collection development, so would archivists. Such was not the case with the Portuguese Canadian History Project/Projecto de História Luso-Canadiana. Research Need This ambitious initiative was started in October 2008 by Gilberto Fernandes and Susana Miranda, two graduate students in the doctoral program of the Department of History at York University, who were later joined by Raphael Costa and Emanuel da Silva. Unable to find sufficient primary sources in public archives to sustain their research, they sought material in private hands among the Portuguese community in Toronto. One of their earliest contacts was Domingos Marques, a devoted collector of documents pertaining to the development of his community. Due to his impending move to a new home, Marques transferred the collection to the care of the graduate students after they volunteered to arrange for its donation to an archival repository. They worked with Marques to arrange the collection and to capture metadata about its content through taped interviews. The success of this relationship led to the formal establishment of the project to pursue two goals: the preservation of records created by individuals or organizations associated with the Portuguese community in Canada, and "the democratization and dissemination of historical knowledge" by exploring formats that take history beyond the monograph or journal article to make it more accessible for "ordinary" Canadians, particularly those of Portuguese descent, to reflect upon their individual and collective experiences. Responsive Collecting The path toward the first goal of preserving records was begun by York's Department of History. Professor Marcel Martel, graduate program director, arranged a meeting between Fernandes and the head of York University Libraries' Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections (CTASC) in May 2009. Two years earlier, the libraries had released Open Doors, Open Minds, its strategic plan for 2007 to 2011. The plan outlined intentions to acquire unique collections with enduring research value, to experiment with innovative collection activities responsive to the needs of graduate students, to respond to student diversity and curriculum of an increasingly international nature by acquiring non-English-language material, and to develop collaborations on and off campus. The Marques collection and other personal archives assembled by the Portuguese Canadian History Project closely aligned with these priorities. Much of the material would be used by the graduate students in theses, presentations, and publications. By bringing these documents into the public realm rather than leaving them in private hands, the libraries ensured that the students' work would support the rigor of scholarly criticism through open access to primary sources that were the foundation of their research. Many documents were in Portuguese and concerned events and personalities involved with the Portuguese community's social, economic, and political affairs. The project's team members, who are part of this community, were able to bridge divides of language and culture that would likely be impassible for CTASC's archivists. As graduate students in history, they were trained to recognize the research value of documents, thereby creating confidence in their appraisal decisions. The material was transferred to CTASC in October 2009, and under the stewardship of Anna St.Onge, archivist for digital projects and


Did anyone do that crazy Secret Santa gift exchange over Christmas that was going around Facebook? I did it with the notion that even if I didn't receive anything in return I'd still be making someone's day a little bit brighter, but I wound up with a treasure trove of goodies! One of the items was this gorgeous Rifle Paper Co. calendar – something I actually had on my wish list already – and it's only fitting that April's city of the world is the first stop in my upcoming trip!
I'm less than two weeks out, so brace yourselves for a lot of travel prep posts and then a full recap upon our return!
It all felt real tonight when I got an email confirming that Fox's passport application was accepted and will be at our house in a few days. His photo is absolutely hilarious. I'll share soon.
In the meantime, here are some of my favorite things that are perfect for this new month.
The trench (only $50, plus there's 41% off one item and 30% off the rest of your order), mint tote (under $50), highlighter, and classic oxford were a few of my top picks. I actually bought the oxford in pink after realizing how much I loved it in blue!
Is there anything you've bought recently that you're loving?
I have always wanted a pair of Hunters! Loving this list!


Frank J. Zambriski, a lifelong Riverhead resident, died at his home Feb. 7, 2019, surrounded by his family, at the age of 79.
He was born Dec. 15, 1939, in Southampton to Viola Mary Simeoni and Frank Edward Zambriski. He was a graduate of Riverhead High School's Class of 1958 and SUNY/Farmingdale Class of 1960.
From Sept. 30, 1963, to June 18, 1965, he served honorably in the United States Army's 3rd Battalion, 76th Artillery. He was discharged as a Specialist 4 and recognized with Certificates of Achievement, Proficiency and Merit in Radio Mechanic, Headquarters and Service Battery.
On June 12, 1966, he married Patricia Helen Danielowich and together they operated Frank's Florist on Route 58 in Riverhead. He later worked at Brookhaven National Lab, from which he retired.
In the community, Frank was a member of Riverhead Fire Department, Eagle Hose Co. 4, where he served as captain from 1980 to 1981, Elks Lodge, Polish Town Civic Association and Snowmobile Association and was a communicant of St. Isidore R.C. Church.
Predeceased by his wife, Pat, Aug. 6, 1990, he is survived by his children, Frank J. Zambriski Jr. and Christine Zambriski; daughter-in-law Traci Zambriski and "daughter-in-law" Donna DeTura; his sister, Valerie Zambriski of Australia; and his grandchildren, Matthew Ryan, Madison Paige and Michael Patrick Zambriski.
Visitors were received Feb. 10 at McLaughlin-Heppner Funeral Home in Riverhead. The Liturgy of Christian Burial was celebrated Feb. 11 at St. Isidore R.C. Church in Riverhead by Father Robert Kuznik. Interment with U.S. Army and Riverhead Fire Department honors followed at St. Isidore R.C. Cemetery.
Those wishing to remember Frank in a special way may make a donation to East End Hospice Kanas Center for Hospice Care, P.O. Box 1048, Westhampton Beach, NY 11978.