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MOTHER works in a laboratory and is responsible for keeping tissue cultures alive. So that she won't forget, she writes "feed cells" on her calendar. One day she noticed that someone had scribbled in "take cells for a walk." By the end of the month, a number of anonymous reminders had been added: "Take cells to Disneyland," "Cells on vacation," "Cells back" and, on Yom Kippur, "Jewish cells get the day off."
BYRON LICHTENBERG, biomedical engineer and payload specialist aboard Spacelab I, reports that meal time in gravity free space can get pretty tricky: "It was very difficult to put together a peanut butter and jelly sandwich while in space. Making a sliced beef and cheese spread was a little bit easier — you just got everything out and floating, and then sort of clumped it together. "Peanuts were the most fun to eat. At first I opened the bag and tried to just pour them into my mouth, but that didn't work. Then I pulled the bag down, but all the peanuts stayed where they were, so that there were twenty peanuts floating around inside the module. I had to chase them down with my mouth — kind of like Pac-Man."
ON MY first day of work in a chemical research laboratory, I was intrigued by a complicated apparatus at the end of my workbench. It consisted of some expensive-looking glassware projecting from a five litre flask that nestled in an electric heating mantle. Every few minutes a white-coated scientist would go over and make adjustments. By mid morning, I could contain my curiosity no longer and asked what the desired result was. "Coffee," he said. "Would you like a cup?"
MY SON, while living in Canada, was working in the United States, so he had to cross the border frequently. During his late-night crossings he found the customs officers were less busy and more inclined to talk, and on one occasion he was asked what he did. "I'm a geneticist." "Really? What animal do you work with?" "Fruit flies." "Oh, just a beginner, eh?"
TWO scientists are in front of an open door. A sign above reads, "Recombinant DNA Lab. Authorized Personnel Only." Through the door, seated amid the lab's high-tech equipment, can be seen an old witch stirring a bubbling cauldron. One scientist says to the other, "She's from the old school, but she really knows her stuff."


To put it simply, YouTube can and should be a good traffic driver for your website. With over 1 billion unique visitors to its website every month you can understand how people are managing to make a living from it and how businesses are managing to gain new leads every day.
The aim of YouTube has changed in recent years, it used to be about getting your video ranked higher within their own search results – but now YouTube (and other video sources) are being displayed more frequently within the search engine SERPS – these videos stand out and is in a lot of cases are exactly what the user wants.
Uploading a video to YouTube doesn't mean anyone is going to see it, in order for it to show up in the results you need to make sure your video is properly optimised.
If you're familiar with SEO you'll know how important properly optimised titles are for a page; a YouTube video is no different, infact most of the steps for optimising and ranking a video on YouTube are also steps you should take to properly optimised your pages for search.
In the above example there are actually two keywords 'Keyword Research' and ' SEO'; and the words 'A Fools Guide' should attract some attention.
Video Descriptions are a great place to add more keywords, again they should be stuffed and all of the text should read well. It's also good practise to add your websites URL into the first line so it is clearly visible without having to click the 'read more' link.
Video transcripts make a good description because if you're talking about a specific subject you will naturally say lots of keywords and keyword variants.
You should place many different variations of your keywords in the tag section, keep all keywords relevant and not too broad. By keeping your video contained within a relevant niche with many different variations of your main keyword you are more likely to rank – each video should have a single keyword with different variations, just like when you optimise a web page.
The aim isn't to get mass views on your videos, be it from view exchange website or from buying them, never get too many in one go. Usually views gained in this way have a high bounce rate, having a high bounce rate can actually harm your ranking since YouTube has a search algorithm that bases you video ranking on view length. So if your video is relevant and the majority of viewers watched you video for of 60% of the total duration the YouTube bot will automatically push your video up in the rankings.
As with basic SEO, inbound links play an important part when trying to rank a video, especially if you're trying to rank a video within the search engines rather than in the YouTube search results. There are many ways to build links to videos, one way is with video embeds – you will find lots of information regarding link building on this blog, link building for a video is no different to building links to a website – this mean try to keep it white hat, no spammy links, no mass links and always go for the few high authority links rather than the mass low quality links.
Garnering likes and favorites is fairly easy as long as your video is of high quality and is relevant to what the searcher is looking for, another reason why your video needs to be highly targeted to the keywords you are ranking for – thumbs down can damage your rankings.
Playlist additions are harder to gain, and in some niches it's near on impossible, for example: If your video is about a product your selling, if someone is interest in buying they will buy, if not they will leave – in this situation it would be very rare for users to add your videos to their playlist.
When someone shares your video on social media, just like when someone shares your webpage it does now help your rankings – at the end and at the beginning have an intro/outro asking people to share your video.
Embeds are obviously harder to get since it involves someone physically taking the code and placing it on their website rather than simply pushing the share button. The most effective ways to get you video embedded is to search Google for websites relating to your video, and simply messaging the webmaster telling them the importance of having varied types of media on their website for SEO and that your video will enhance the user experience. You'll be surprised at how many people will take you up on the offer.
YouTube, like search engines use most of the content on the page when determining the relevancy of your video. The only parts of the page YouTube doesn't use to rank a video is the sidebars where related videos are shown; so it's just the main content area, this includes the comments.
If say you had some friends, some money to spare or a few of your own YouTube accounts, you can build comments on your video which include your keywords.


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Oil-Train Derailments in Canada Expose Folly of Anti-Pipeline Movement
Four recent oil-train derailments--two in the United States and two in Canada accompanied by yet another drive-by rhetorical smear of the Keystone XL pipeline by U.S. President Barack Obama--have re-invigorated the debate over how Canadians and Americans transport oil.
Kenneth P. Green Fraser Institute Senior Director, Natural Resource Studies
Bloomberg via Getty Images
Train tracks utilized by freight trains for the transport of freight, including crude oil, stand across the street from a residential housing development in Plainfield, Illinois, U.S., on Friday, June 27, 2014. Last year's derailment in Quebec that killed 47 people and seven other major ones in the U.S. and Canada have spilled more than 3 million gallons of oil, with some cars catching fire or exploding. Photographer: Daniel Acker/Bloomberg via Getty Images
Four recent oil-train derailments--two in the United States and two in Canada accompanied by yet another drive-by rhetorical smear of the Keystone XL pipeline by U.S. President Barack Obama--have re-invigorated the debate over how Canadians and Americans transport oil. The most recent spills and explosions in Illinois, West Virginia and Ontario all involved long oil trains of about 100 cars. So far as we know, they all met the most recent railcar designs and regulatory requirements in the U.S. and Canada.
The barrage of derailments continues to illuminate the folly of the anti-pipeline movement.
Because of an artificially created shortage of pipeline capacity in the U.S. and Canada, more petroleum products are moving by rail. This issue was deeply analyzed in a 2013 study I co-authored on Intermodal Safety in the Transport of Oil. Using the most comprehensive available U.S. data, we observed that while the vast majority of oil transported by any mode arrives safely at its destination, there are still discernable differences in relative safety. On virtually all metrics of safety, whether environmental or occupational, it was clear that movement of oil and gas is safest via pipeline and less safe via rail.
Specifically, on an apples-to-apples basis, transport one billion tons of oil over a mile by pipeline and there is a very low likelihood of leakage--less than one incident per billion ton-miles. The risk of a leak by rail is twice as high, at two likely incidents. And trucks are 10 times higher still, with 20 incidents likely in moving a billion tons of oil over a mile. On volumes spilled, it's true that pipeline ruptures release larger quantities of oil than individual truck or train spills, but recovery rates for oil spilled from pipelines can reach 50 per cent, and they are far less likely to pose a threat to large population centres. When it comes to worker safety, pipelines also look safer. Safety data from the U.S. suggests that one would have only 0.007 injuries per billion ton-miles, while rail injury rates are 30 times as high.
That pipelines are safer than trucks or trains should come as no surprise. A pipeline is fixed infrastructure with little exposure to the elements, fewer opportunities for operator or mechanical failure, and with greater capacity for real-time monitoring and pre-planning for remediation based on the specific and well-understood characteristics of the pipeline route. Pipeline routes are also often built away from densely populated areas. Trains and trucks, running above ground, are on fluid routes subject to constant change. That offers far more opportunities for breakdown, operator error, and injuries to workers as well as the general public. And, rail and roadways, by intent, pass through major population centres putting more people at risk when an accident happens.
Environmentalists and anti-fossil-fuel allies have successfully stalled the development of safer pipeline capacity for years now. As a result, more oil is transported by railways, increasing health and environmental impacts rather than reducing them.
Anti-pipeliners would undoubtedly say that the solution to these problems is just to "stop using oil," but that idea is essentially the mother of all denial: developed economies are essentially fossil-fuel economies from top to bottom, with a helping of hydro and nuclear power on the side--87 per cent of all the energy used around the world is generated from fossil fuels, and 80 per cent of all transportation is powered by oil and its derivatives. Renewables such as wind and solar power are akin to the skin of an apple--pretty, but not terribly filling in and of itself.
Opposition to pipelines flies in the face of safety data, which shows that pipelines are safer modes of transport than railways. This is not the pipeline engineering equivalent of rocket science. And despite the current downturn in world oil prices, energy agencies and companies expect future demand to rebound, and create the incentives to develop oil in both the U.S. and Canada.
Environmentalists who engage in anti-pipeline crusades risk causing more harm than good. Their pipeline-stalling actions are diverting oil to rail; oil that would otherwise be transported more safely by pipeline.
MORE ON HUFFPOST:
Photo gallery Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline Protest At MP Offices See Gallery
Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipeline Protest At MP Offices
MORE: anti-pipeline business energy Environment intermodal safety Keystone XL Oil Spills oil trains oil transport pipeline transport of oil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We're currently looking for cooks to work a variety events such as banquets, corporate parties/locations, stadium events, and more. Common cook responsibilities include setting up stations, food prep, cooking and preparing plates, maintaining a sanitary work environment (may include clean up), other duties as assigned by the Kitchen Manager/Executive Chef.
If you have other positions you're interested in working, make sure you mention that in your application! Shiftgig Specialists have the opportunity to work a variety of positions that match their experience.
The Shiftgig app is a marketplace, which means shifts are available on the app as requested by clients. This also means that sometimes you won't always see the same amount of shifts week-to-week. We're ramping up for busy season, which is from March-November, so you can expect to see a high volume of shifts during that time. With the Shiftgig app, you have the ability to work the shifts that fit into your schedule -- and make some extra cash while doing it.
Once you download the Shiftgig app, you'll be asked to complete a short video to showcase your great personality and to talk about the relevant experience you have. From there, a member of our hiring team will assess your application to make sure you're a good fit for the platform. If they decide to move forward, you'll be asked to complete electronic paperwork, and meet a member of our team in person to verify your identification.


text:
Work and Social Distancing
Dmitry Kubasov in conversation with Vladimir Nadein
In this video, Russian film director Dmitry Kubasov talks about his latest feature movie, "Helicopters". This film brings to a conclusion the movie series "Other Zones", the program of bi-weekly screenings curated by Vladimir Nadein for the 2020 Russian Federation Pavilion.
"You never see them on screen. They are set on escaping to a different reality. A flight around the globe is an escape into a world with no borders."
"The manic, hypnotic urge for flight brought along a planetary drama with kaleidoscopic landscapes and the background feeling of belonging to a planet of so many small and different people."
Dmitry was born in 1985 in Moscow. He majored in acting at the Shchukin Theater Institute and played in over 15 films. In 2008 he played the lead role in the film Lake by French director Philippe Grandrieux. After working with Grandrieux, Dmitry decided to pursue a career in directing. In 2010 he graduated from the Marina Razbezhkina School of Documentary Film. He made the documentaries Tania 5th (2011) and Alekhin (2012) which participated in many festivals. Later he co-authored the documentary Winter, Go Away (Locarno 2012), edited the fiction film The Hope Factory (Rotterdam 2014), participated in the documentary The Term (Karlovy Vary 2014), directed the documentaries Butterflies (Jihlava 2016) and Helicopters (Artdocfest 2018). He has been teaching at the Moscow School of New Cinema since 2019.


text:
Why people go hungry
Predicting changes in climate
Conservation glossary in English
Oxford encyclopaedia of trees of the world
National forestry statistics from FAO
Remote sensing textbook
Study and management of large mammals
Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Amartya Sen. Oxford University Press. 257 p. Price: US $ 17.95
A localized famine is commonly thought of as resulting from a local failure of crops that is not mitigated by importing food, as happened in the Sahel region of Africa in the late 1960s. Countries where hunger is widespread are frequently blamed, moreover, for allowing excessive population growth. The simple Malthusian ratio of food supply to population is further simplified so that the cause of misery is often seen as a matter of over-population alone; we even hear advocates of "lifeboat ethics", whereby countries should be abandoned to their fates.
Mr Sen makes a strong case against such views and is highly qualified to do so. He is a scholar of unusually wide interests in an era in which most economists have become highly specialized. As Drummond Professor of Political Economy at Oxford University, he holds the oldest chair in the United Kingdom. He has been a student of economic development since his first work, the well-known monograph Choice of techniques, where his cool insistence on proper economic principles argued against simplistic planning and political doctrines in India. He is also known among philosophers for his ideas on ethics and the basis of good social action.
In brief, he argues that famine results from the working of the economic system in allocating the ability of people to acquire goods. Famine cannot be explained by a simple relation between food supply and population. Sen illustrates this argument by detailed studies of four famines: the great Bengal famine of 1943-44, in which perhaps three million people died (mostly by lowered resistance to disease); the famine in several provinces of Ethiopia between 1972 and 1974; the highly publicized drought and famine in the Sahel between 1968 and 1973; and the famine in Bangladesh in 1974 (the same region as the 1943-44 famine, but under a different political regime).
AT A REFUGEE CAMP IN ETHIOPIA - where hunger knows no boundaries
Most striking are the statistics on the two Bengal famines, the first of which Sen analyses in the greatest detail. The 1943 crop of rice and other foods was somewhat low, especially in relation to the extraordinarily large harvest of 1942, but it was distinctly higher than the crop of 1941, which was not a famine year. Sen finds that the per caput availability of food supply was 9 percent higher in 1943 than in 1941 and only about 10 percent less than the average of the five preceding years.
Therefore, he concludes, famine cannot be accounted for simply by lack of available food. Relatively small changes in the food supply can be accompanied by dramatic increases in the number of deaths from famine. Why should this occur? Sen points to the simple fact that goods reach people through their ability to "command" that they have goods, as provided by the workings of the socioeconomic system. At any given moment each economic agent has an "entitlement", a range of different goods that he or she can acquire. This concept can most easily be understood in a private enterprise economy with little government intervention, although, as Sen emphasizes, the concept is much broader than that.
In a free-enterprise economy, goods or services each have a price, and every economic agent starts out by owning some goods or services. The rice farmer owns some land, used for producing rice, which can then be sold on the market at the going price or reserved for use by the farmer and his family. The receipts from sales can be spent on other goods - different foods, spices, clothing, and so forth. The agricultural labourer has only his or her labour to sell; the proceeds can be spent on rice or other goods. Similarly, the cities contain workers who sell labour for money to buy food, shelter, and clothing; and entrepreneurs who buy goods and labour, produce other goods, sell them, and use the proceeds for personal consumption and investment in business expansion.
People will starve, then, when their entitlement is not sufficient to buy the food necessary to keep them alive. The food available to them, in short, is a question of income distribution and more fundamentally, of their ability to provide services that others in the economy are willing to pay for.
This, of course, does not mean that the supply of food is irrelevant. A decrease in the supply of food will usually increase its price, as people compete for the scarcer quantity. This will in turn decrease people's ability to buy food by using their entitlement and, if they start close enough to the margin of hunger, may drive them to the point of starvation. Furthermore, the entitlement approach, simple as it is, enables the analyst to say something about the distribution of the burden of starvation. Farm owners and, to a lesser extent, share-croppers, should be less affected than others because the reduction in the amount they sell is at least partly offset by the higher prices. If the reduction in supply is caused by some factor, like flood, that reduces the amount to be harvested, farm labourers or forest workers are thereby more likely to be seriously affected.
Thus, studies of different entitlements and how they are affected by variations in food supply, alone or in conjunction with other shifts in the economy, are capable of giving a much greater insight into the causes of famine than a simple measure of the amount of food available. But the real point of Sen's analysis is to show that relatively small changes in food supply may nevertheless be accompanied by famine. Indeed the economic theory he presents would allow for the possibility that, with no changes in the food supply at all, famine could be caused by other economic factors.
In his analysis of the Bengal famine of 1943-44, Sen points to just such factors. Predominant among them, in his view, is the effect of the war against the Japanese in increasing demand. (He is careful to add that the evidence is not strong enough to establish one sequence of causes as against another.) Government expenditures, especially on construction, rose sharply. This clearly increased the entitlements of the newly employed urban workers; and since the total supplies were unchanged, the entitlements of the rural groups had to fall. Indeed, rice prices rose sharply even before any evidence that crops had failed.
In Bengal, when conditions are sufficiently desperate, a person will, if necessary, spend the whole of his or her income on food. Even many of those who do not live in fear of starvation will be hungry enough to spend a large fraction of any increase in income on food. Indeed, in the poorer, less-developed countries, roughly two thirds of total income is spent on food.1 Hence, as groups such as urban workers newly employed in war work gain increased entitlements, their willingness to buy additional food is high. Prices rise, and the entitlements of other groups will necessarily fall unless there is a corresponding rise in food supply. If these other groups are already on the margin of sustainable life, then indeed a famine may be created without any decline in food supply.
1 T.T. Poleman, Quantifying the nutrition situation in developing countries. Food Research Institute Studies, XVIII (1981), p. 25.
Sen offers additional explanations. Perhaps the most controversial is that of hoarding, either for oneself or for speculation. When situations of scarcity arise, hoarding is always blamed. The evidence for the degree and the effects of hoarding is usually difficult to come by, but, apart from this empirical question, there is a significant theoretical problem concerning its implications. If the famine is prolonged, then hoarding at the beginning means greater stores will be available later on. In fact, if the hoarder was correct in his expectations, that is, if the farmer does not need to consume his own grain at a later date or if the speculator makes money by selling at a higher price, then hoarding will have improved the availability of food later on, at the cost of making things worse initially.
A still better result might be achieved if the government took over some part of the hoarded stores and distributed them to the needy; but it should also withhold some from immediate use. Such a policy would amount to changing the entitlements. Indeed, when a famine occurs it would certainly require an inhuman preference for established property rights over human needs not to redistribute purchasing power and other forms of entitlements. But that does not alter the basic point about hoarding: if the entire period of famine is considered, hoarding will only worsen the famine if it turns out to be excessive, that is, if some of the hoards are retained beyond the end of the famine.
In view of the absence of detailed data on famines, it is not surprising that Sen's analysis does not explain everything. His point of view would suggest that if the total food supply changed only mildly, the terrible losses of some people should be reflected in greater food consumption by others. Yet in Table 6.7 (p.71), concerning the Bengal famine of 1943-44, the proportionate increase in destitution is much the same for non-cultivating landowners (admittedly a poor group at the best of times) as for peasant cultivators or for those who worked partly for themselves and partly for others. If the rice crop failure is treated as minor, the landowners should have gained; any reduction in quantity would have been more than offset by the rise in the price of rice compared with other prices. However, the table covers only some rural regions; it may well be that greater supplies of grains were to be found in the urban regions. In Calcutta itself, only migrants from the rural areas seem to have suffered from famine.
Many other insights are to be gained from Sen's emphasis on entitlement, especially concerning the subtlety of the interaction between pastoralists and farmers, a subject he discusses in his chapters on the famines in the Sahel and in Ethiopia.
What policies does an entitlement approach suggest? Sen is surprisingly chary of answers to this question. A brief chapter mostly tends to emphasize the complexity of the analysis introduced by the entitlement approach. He correctly points out that the market mechanism cannot be relied upon, for it is precisely the failure of market power that chooses the victims of famine. He does speak of insurance arrangements, that is, ways by which entitlement of a particular group, for instance rural labourers, could be automatically increased under famine conditions. However, he seems to emphasize the difficulties rather than the advantages of such a device.
For example, he points out that general famine conditions affect only selected persons, and an insurance programme based on aggregate food supply, for example, would therefore miss its intended beneficiaries. If, on the other hand, insurances were highly individualized, this would, in my view, affect the incentives people have to work and to plan for the future. Still, it does not seem to me so difficult to propose that, at certain levels, a programme for insurance (or, what is equivalent, relief) should go into effect, based on the ability of some designated fraction of the population to buy food; nor does it seem excessively difficult to direct aid to the groups most likely to be affected. This will not feed every starving person, since some will receive help who do not need it and some who need help will not receive it; but no system will avoid problems of this sort.
Although famine is a fairly unusual event, and improvements in transportation and communication have made it less and less likely, the need to respond to specific famines is no less urgent. The three famines of the mid-1970s discussed by Sen, though apparently much less severe than the 1943-44 famine in Bengal, are horrifying enough. Indeed, the fact that famine is becoming less frequent and less intense should make it all the easier to provide prompt aid. On a world scale, hunger and malnutrition are far greater problems. Of course, they are intimately related. As is obvious from Sen's analyses, famine is the result of pushing already hungry populations over the relatively low threshold that separates them from genuine starvation.
What has become clear is that hunger and ultimately famine are basically questions of the distribution of income and the entitlements to food. Food supply is not irrelevant, but it is far from determining who will go hungry.
The extent of world hunger as expressed in protein-calorie malnutrition has been much disputed. Estimates range from 100 million to 2.5 thousand million people affected. In any case, it is certainly very large. Since the various aid programmes that nations and international organizations are now willing to support are sure to be inadequate to deal with even the lowest estimates, the exact figure is really of little practical consequence.
Among experts there is an increasing tendency to regard hunger as primarily a problem of income distribution, of purchasing power. In this sense, Sen's book can be seen as part of a larger effort to make a fresh analysis of hunger. His entitlement approach adds to the emphasis on income distribution by stressing its causes, rather than merely taking the distribution as given. But since the analysis of causation is necessarily complex and uncertain, the two approaches are similar. The pioneering work in connecting income distribution with hunger is that of Shlomo Reutlinger and Marcelo Selowsky for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank).2 They estimated (very imperfectly) a relation between calorie consumption and income; then, with the aid of the fragmentary income distribution data available, they estimated the calorie consumption for different income classes. On this basis, they could estimate the number of people whose supply of calories fell below some critical level. Because there is little data available, the possibilities for error are enormous; but this approach gets at the underlying determinants of hunger.
2 Malnutrition and poverty: magnitude and policy options, World Bank Staff Occasional Paper No. 23 (1976).
What has become clear is that hunger and ultimately famine are basically questions of the distribution of income and the entitlements to food. That does not of course mean that food supply is irrelevant, but that it is far from determining who will go hungry. At higher levels of consumption, hunger fades away as a basic problem but is replaced by other needs, including medicine, shelter, and the like. In short, averages are insufficient guides to economic performance, though they cannot be ignored.
The appropriate measures to change income and food distribution, especially those that relieve famine, hunger, and poverty, partly depend on the information available; but they also require conceptual definitions, and these are intimately tied to value judgements and measures of welfare. As a counterpoint to his analysis of famines, Sen discusses some of the problems of measuring poverty. He shows the inadequacy of the usual United States measure, the number of people whose incomes are below the so-called "poverty line". He would equally reject a measure of hunger based on the number of people whose food consumption falls below a fixed level defined as "adequate". The distribution of income below the poverty line or of calorie consumption below the critical level may still allow for sharp differences among poor people. In the case of calorie consumption the difference may be between widespread hunger and appalling famine.
Sen's book, together with other recent work on the world problem of hunger, should alert us even more strongly to the need for studying the distribution of income and of improving the relative situation of the very poor in order to curb the worst consequences of the economic system. The political implications of this shift in emphasis may be serious indeed, pointing up the responsibilities of the governments of the less-developed countries. Poor as they may be these countries generally have more control over their domestic income distribution than the advanced nations they deal with.
KENNETH J. ARROW
from The New York Review of Books
SLUSHED PULP - the starting-point for papermaking
ROLLS OF FINE PAPER - slid to fit printing presses
Paper and paperboard-manufacturing and convening fundamentals. James E. Kline. Miller Freeman Publications, Inc., San Francisco, California. 1982, 149 tables, figures and photographs. 232 p., soft cover. Price: US$39.50.
Paper and paperboard-manufacturing and converting fundamentals is a comprehensive guide to papermaking and converting processes. Explaining the entire range of operations from timber harvesting to packaging, it also examines the interrelationships between raw materials, manufacturing processes and finished products.
The book's 12 chapters are organized into three sections. The first section gives a general overview of the industry. Historical background, economic development and grade structures are covered, along with product properties and the relationships between properties, operations and grades. The second section focuses on unit operations of papermaking and is comprised of chapters on pulping, stock preparation, manufacturing operations and web modification. Devoted to converting operations, the third section discusses printings methods and grades, corrugating operations and raw materials, packaging, tissues, business papers. A glossary and index complete the book.
Climatic variations and variability: facts and theories, ed. A. Berger. D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Boston and London, 1981. Numerous figures, tables. xxvi + 795 p. Price: fl 175 or US$87.50.
This book constitutes an excellent updated review of the problems involved in searching for improved understanding and prediction techniques of climatic changes. It is based on a two-week teaching course given by 45 lecturers at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture at Erice, Trapani, Italy in 1980. These lecturers included some of the leading researchers involved in the analysis of past climatological data and in developing climate computer models. The volume will undoubtedly serve as a pleasurable source of reference for both teaching and research purposes.
Its publication is in response to the needs of an increasing number of scientists for up-to-date information on the known facts and latest theories relating to climatic change. These needs are more and more pressing due to the world's ever-growing demand for energy and food, and the risks of crop failures and consequent social and political difficulties.
Those components requiring urgent treatment are the effects of surface albedo interactions (for example, in the regions of seasonally varying polar ice, the Sahara-Sahel or land surfaces of varying vegetation cover and moisture content), the ocean-atmosphere interactions, and the possible effects of human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels.
The results of studies of past climates are discussed, the major changes in climatic history being revealed through a wide variety of climate-sensitive chemical, biological and geological properties, preserved in natural layered deposits. These yield pictures of climatic variations over the past million years. Finally, several leading exponents of general circulation computer models present excellent accounts of the whole hierarchy of model developments, ranging from comparatively simple energy balance systems to complex systems as used in weather forecasting.
From a review by D.R. DAVIES
in the World Meteorological Organization Bulletin,
Vol. 31, No. 2.
Resource conservation glossary, published by the Soil Conservation Society of America. Ankeny, Iowa. 200 p. US$7.00 (US $6.00 for SCSA members), postpaid.
An expanded edition of the Resource conservation glossary has been released by the Soil Conservation Society of America (SCSA).
This third edition of the glossary includes more than 4000 terms used in soil and water conservation and 32 other natural resource disciplines and technologies. Among the disciplines and technologies represented are agriculture, fish and wildlife biology, cartography, conservation education, computer science, ecology, economics, engineering, geology, forestry, horticulture, hydrology, irrigation, land-use planning, outdoor recreation, plant materials, mining, range science, remote sensing, waste management, and weather modification.
The 200-page, 6 × 9-inch book features a durable softbound cover suitable for field use.
The Resource conservation glossary is available from SCSA, 7515 N.E. Ankeny Road, Ankeny, Iowa 50021, USA.
The Oxford encyclopedia of trees of the world. Bayard Hora (Consultant ed.). Oxford University Press, 1981. 288 p. ISBN 0-19217712-5. Price: UK£12.50.
This splendidly illustrated book (with more than 280 photographs), which has a preface by the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, introduces its subject by first discussing the nature of trees, giving a birds-eye view of the forests of the world, and outlining the dependence of man on trees and forests. The latter subject is discussed under the headings of forestry, forest products, amenity and urban forestry, and diseases and pests of trees.
These well-written introductory chapters take up 53 pages and are followed by the core of the book which is a description of a cross-section of the world's trees (p. 54-267). Each genus is provided with a key. The emphasis, however, is placed on well-chosen illustrations and general rather than technical information. A final chapter takes the form of keys to the families and genera of broad leaved and coniferous trees covered in the book. This is followed by a bibliography, a glossary, and indexes of common and Latin names.
Obviously a book of such format could not hope to deal with all the trees of the world, or even a significant number of them, and a more appropriate title might have been "The world of trees". Nevertheless, the book does convey succinctly and successfully the extraordinary diversity and grandeur of trees and forests. At £12.50 it is an undoubted bargain, and makes an ideal gift, being both instructive and beautiful, as well as easily undestandable to the layman.
LAURENCE ROCHE
Forest ecology and management
Country tables: basic data on the agricultural sector. FAO, Economic and Social Policy Department, Rome, 1982. 340 p. Of computer-generated tables.
About 90 different forestry products from 213 different countries, together with extensive data on agriculture and fisheries, are presented in this annual prepared by means of the FAO Inter linked Computer Storage and Processing System of Food and Agricultural Commodity Data (ICS).
The ICS system has been in operation since 1972 and the amount of information stored has been continually increasing. In addition to including 90 different forestry products, ICS- and this volume-supply data on the production, trade and utilization of about 250 primary and 310 processed crops, livestock and fishery products. In addition, there are figures for some 100 commodities relating to the production and use of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and farm machinery. The computer files also contain data on population, land use, producer prices, certain macroeconomic information such as total and sectoral GNP, private and government consumption expenditure, gross capital formation and exports and imports of goods and services.
Within FAO, the Forestry and Fishery Departments are responsible for data within their fields. They cooperate with the FAO Statistics Division to ensure a coordinated system.
Remote sensing: optics and optical systems. Philip N. Slater. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Reading, Mass., USA, 1980. Numerous figures and tables. xvi + 575 pages. Price: US$34.50.
This book deals mainly with the optical wavelength region from 0.4 to 16 u, and contains detailed information of techniques and instrumentation for spectroradiometric measurements. The fundamental methods of remote sensing and the nature of the information obtained are discussed in the first sections of the book, together with some theoretical problems concerning the propagation of electromagnetic waves and their interaction with the atmosphere and surface. Several chapters are devoted to the theory of optical systems and instrumentation, and to problems of the formation of images.
Other parts of the book include: detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the main types of spectroradiometric instruments used in remote sounding; colorimetric instruments and the advantages of colorimetry; radiation sensors and the basic technical characteristics and structural features of the most well known remote sensing satellites, including Tiros, Nimbus and Landsat.
Notable is the simple and comprehensive exposition of the material, with a minimum of mathematical expressions. References are liberally provided, and the numerous tables, monograms, graphs and figures enable one to find quickly an optical system for solving a specific problem. However, such a presentation cannot be exhaustive, and the lack of information concerning correlation spectrometry is regrettable.
This monograph will undoubtedly be useful for graduates and postgraduates specializing in fields connected with optical studies of the atmosphere or natural features of the earth.
From a review by K. KONDRATYEV
Study and management of large mammals. T. Riney. Published by J. Wiley and Sons Ltd (1982). 552 p.
Both author and publisher are to be congratulated for a book that will be of considerable assistance to land managers concerned with natural ecosystems in which large mammals are a significant component. The author combines the humility of an experienced practical fieldman and the pragmatism of a tried administrator in describing an approach for solving real-life problems that is especially appropriate to Third World countries.
A straightforward simple approach is used to emphasize the need for collecting information simultaneously from both the animals and their environment, where seeking to define and solve problems. Many useful techniques are described for building up an understanding of the complex dynamic relationship between animals and their environment, but Riney is no slave to his own methods and frequently advises his readers to devise their own, provided that those selected are appropriate to the question being asked. Here there is a clear warning against the tendency to apply techniques as an intellectual exercise and [or their own sake.
WILDLIFE OFFICERS IN BOTSWANA - good management needs precise data
Riney's method stresses the need for systematically obtaining sets of integrated data that are relevant and can be related to each other, at the occurrence, utilization (or relationship) and response levels, from both the animal and environmental components of the ecosystem. In a simple case, this means determining the key animals and plants that are present in a system, their more important relationships with each other, and how they respond to these relationships. This highlights the important distinction between the present status of a particular animal or plant population. Or set of soil characteristics and the trend taking place toward a changing situation. This is essential to understanding the dynamics of the system and hence is fundamental to its intelligent management.
All too often, the most sophisticated studies involving large mammals or their environments can be of limited value to management unless information from the three levels and two components of the system are truly comparable. It becomes difficult to know how to interpret the various sets of data, even when they are available. Using absolute scientific integrity. Riney's approach draws on any source of relevant information (some of which may be coarse and rather imprecise) toward developing a syndrome capable of only specific interpretation for correctly defining a problem and devising solutions to it. This can obviate the need for protracted research projects while still providing the essential background for proper management action when there is a true need for it.
Welcome stress is also placed on two aspects of mammalian ecology that are important to management, but have been neglected by research because they are difficult to study. These are an understanding of the essential habitat requirements of the various species of animals and plants, and the way in which large mammals disperse from their parental home ranges. Casual reflection will indicate the key role of this knowledge in a wide spectrum of management situations varying from the protection of biotic communities through the conservation of desirable and harvestable species to the control of problem animals.
In addition to advocating a holistic approach to the study and management of large mammals (particularly browsing and grazing species) in a given area and suggesting methods appropriate for doing this, the book is a useful source of information. It provides hints for planning an investigation: gathering data; determining habitats; for the management of special areas; and for recognizing animal problems, but also indicates common wildlife problems in developing countries, as well as providing a chapter on the collection, labelling and preservation of biological specimens. Eight useful appendixes provide ready guidelines for ageing animals from tooth eruption and classifying African elephants and buffalo in the field into sex and age classes; for collecting data from multipurpose transects; for establishing national legislation for wildlife and Parks; for drying meat for sale; for seeking outside aid, and for planning and managing National Parks. Appendix 6 summarizes the red data book categories.
There are a number of editorial errors which are irritating and the author has made one "booboo" on page 102 where he describes July as the wettest month in that part of southern Africa (the Kruger National Park) where Stevenson-Hamilton worked. In fact July falls at the height of the cold dry season.
The unfortunate slips do not detract from an excellent and most readable book. It will be especially useful to fieldmen in the training of fieldmen and as a guide for "in-house" investigations which are appropriate and can be undertaken by conservation agencies facing day-to-day problems and short on resources for understanding and solving them. It should also be required reading for young biologists and agriculturists embarking on a career in research or management in areas having significant populations of large mammals. Established scientists might also enjoy its simplicity and pragmatism in allowing nature to ask the questions and provide the answers.
GRAHAM CHILD
Director, National Parks and
Wild Life Management, Zimbabwe


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Judge ends RMI lawsuit against Garfield County
Home / Judge ends RMI lawsuit against Garfield County
Jun 29, 2021 News
RMI claims challenging county authority to regulate limestone quarry are rejected
On June 26, Garfield District Court Judge Anne K. Norrdin issued an order granting Garfield County's motion for summary judgment in the lawsuit filed by Rocky Mountain Industrials (RMI) against the county two years ago.
"Judge Norrdin's order is truly great news for our community," said Jeff Peterson, president of the Glenwood Springs Citizens' Alliance (GSCA).
"Her ruling shows the Garfield County Commissioners were on solid ground when they cited RMI for violating the special use permit that governs its limestone quarry operations," Peterson said.
The dispute began in November 2018 when members of the GSCA filed a complaint with Garfield County over suspected permit violations at the limestone quarry operated by RMI.
The Garfield County commissioners directed county staff to investigate the complaint and report back. With the staff report in hand by early March 2019, the commissioners held public hearings in March and April, and then issued a formal Notice of Violations on May 13, 2019.
Rather than work with county officials to bring the quarry operation into compliance, RMI filed a lawsuit against Garfield County less than two weeks later. The suit (2019CV30087) alleged that because the quarry is on federal land, the county government did not have authority to regulate the company's mining operations.
RMI was represented in the case by attorneys with Garfield & Hecht, P.C., of Glenwood Springs and Aspen.
The City of Glenwood Springs intervened in the case in early 2020, seeking to "protect its municipal interests, its recreational and aesthetic characteristics and economic revenue."
Judge Norrdin's new order follows an extensive order she issued on Jan. 31 that addressed the violations that Garfield County cited against RMI.
She upheld Garfield County's citations against RMI for expanding the quarry beyond the permitted 16.3 acres, for crushing rock during the winter closure period of Dec. 15 to April 15, and for not cooperating with the Glenwood Caverns Adventure Park on shared use of Transfer Trail.
If RMI had prevailed, the case would have set a dangerous precedent for counties across the West. An adverse decision could have eroded the ability of counties to ensure that mining and other industries on federal lands meet local environmental standards, Peterson said.
In her June 26 order, Judge Norrdin ruled that the county special use permit "does not authorize unrestricted or unregulated mining activities by RMI, nor does it insulate RMI from action by the BOCC."
The judge also firmly rejected RMI's allegations that the three county commissioners — John Martin, Tom Jankovsky and Mike Samson — were biased in their handling of the permit violations.
She wrote, "The record reviewed by the court, including of the March and April 2019 hearings, reveals nothing to indicate actual bias on the part of the (commissioners) with respect to RMI's non-compliance with the special use permit, and RMI's assertions about bias are speculative."
Peterson said Judge Norrdin's January and June orders affirm the efforts by Garfield County and the City of Glenwood Springs defending local government authority.
"We are pleased to see that Judge Norrdin summarily rejected RMI's claims challenging the county's authority," he said.
Share this post to your network.
The fight is not overAug 13, 2021
Judge ends RMI lawsuit against Garfield CountyJun 29, 2021
New signs inform Transfer Trail users about mining impactsFeb 2, 2021
2020 in the Rear-view MirrorJan 8, 2021
New "I Spy Energy" video focuses on mine expansion issueOct 1, 2020
The hard truth for Rocky Mountain IndustrialsJul 30, 2020


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By Josh Marshall
December 17, 2019 11:53 p.m.
With the President likely to be impeached tomorrow, we are likely to be entering into a period of some polling volatility. Remember that in the short-term polls fluctuate not only with changes in public opinion but what is called differential response. The excited or agitated side responds to pollsters more and the demoralized or disenchanted side does less. But for the moment, or over the course of the last week, the President's support numbers have popped up. The numbers aren't dramatic. But for instance they're now up to 43.9% in the 538 trend chart. Still pretty poor for an incumbent president but ever so slightly past the edge of the band he's been in for years. I wouldn't put too much stock in a few days of numbers. But it is worth keeping an eye on.
Josh Marshall (@joshtpm) is editor and publisher of TPM.


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Why this man wants to swim 115 km along a 19th-century canal
A Nova Scotia long-distance swimmer plans to swim the entire length of the Shubenacadie Canal from the Halifax harbour to the Bay of Fundy.
Nick Russell plans to swim Shubenacadie Canal from Halifax harbour to Bay of Fundy
Moira Donovan · CBC News · Posted: Jul 28, 2017 1:24 PM AT | Last Updated: July 28, 2017
Nick Russell plans to swim the Shubenacadie Canal in seven days (Phlis McGregor/CBC)
When the Shubenacadie canal was completed in the 19th century, it only briefly fulfilled its purpose of transporting goods across Nova Scotia.
Over the next week, it will serve as transportation once again, this time for a Nova Scotia long-distance swimmer who plans to navigate the canal's 115 kilometres.
Nick Russell is from Dartmouth and started open-water swimming with an event in the Northumberland Strait where he swam from Nova Scotia to Prince Edward Island.
Having completed that challenge, he began looking for a new goal and landed on the old canal connecting Halifax harbour with the Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy.
"I was looking at waterways I didn't know a lot about and wanted to explore," Russell told CBC's Information Morning. "The Shubie Canal being in my backyard growing up in Dartmouth, it seemed like an obvious choice."
Portaging part of the way
The canal was opened in 1850s and was used by steamboats and barges. But it was operational for just 14 years, closed due to financial issues and the building of a railway.
It recent decades there's been resurgent interest in the canal. It's used by canoeists and kayakers, and efforts have been made to restore locks and other historic features.
Shubenacadie Canal project takes shape
Old Shubenacadie Canal route in Dartmouth to house interpretive park
Russell said he'll be able to swim most of the way, starting in the harbour, although there are places that he'll have to portage, walking around the locks and sections that are too shallow or too polluted for swimming.
He said he's aiming to cover about 17 kilometres a day over seven days. He'll be accompanied by paddlers and will camp along the way.
The Shubenacadie Canal runs from the Halifax harbour to the Minas Basin. (Phlis McGregor/CBC)
As the direction of the flow in the canal is dictated by the tides, Russell needs to plan his days around the times when the tide is going out and the current is flowing towards the Bay of Fundy.
Russell said when he started planning the trip he thought he'd only have six hours of swimming time a day, starting from a full tide. But once he started researching, he realized he had more time that expected.
"Something interesting that I learned, it takes three and a half hours for the tide to come in, and nine hours for it to go out, so our thinking this whole time was that we'd actually only have six hours of swim time to get this mileage in, which was going to be pretty pressing."
With a nine-hour window, Russell said the journey, which will probably entail roughly five to six hours of actual swimming a day, will leave plenty of time for fishing and exploring the canal.
Pumpkin the shark
Russell said that open-water swimming gives him a new perspective on familiar environments.
His journey will end near Maitland, in the Minas Basin — currently the home of a 300-kilogram great white shark named Pumpkin.
"A few ducks and a great white shark," said Russell. "It's going to be lots of exciting things, I'm sure, along the way."
With files from CBC's Information Morning


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Q: What Is the Best Y Level to Find Ancient Debris? I was playing the new 1.16 snapshot and was wondering where the best place to look for ancient debris would be.

A: The best Y-coordinate to find Ancient Debris is Y-13, seeing as you are below the lava oceans and the ancient debris seem to spawn more frequently and in larger quantities. Hope this helps!

A: To be more specific, Ancient Debris is found most frequently when the player's y-level (as read on F3, for example) is 13 or 14.
In an idealized 1x2 tunnel, the player exposes 8 blocks for every block they move forward That's a block each for the ceiling and floor of the tunnel, and three blocks for each of the y-levels the player is moving through (with one block being mined and two on the sides). So, each of the y-levels that the player is moving through are 3/8ths of the exposed blocks, and the floor and ceiling y-levels are 1/8th each. As @TimmyJim said, surveying y-levels for Ancient Debris shows that Y=15 yields the most, with nearby levels decreasing at similar levels. There does seem to be a small but significant higher frequency on the levels greater than Y=15 than less than, so Y=14 will yield a very small amount more than Y=13, but that difference is so slight it is not important. Minecraft Wiki user Awikhax provides this chart:

So, as long as either the lower or upper level that is being mined is at Y=15 (that is, NOT the ceiling or the floor of the tunnel), you should be at maximum efficiency, ignoring lava pools and the like. This means that the player y-level can either be 13 or 14.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Reggie "Reg" G. Farland, 70, of Warsaw, Missouri; formerly of Newton died on November 24, 2018, at Accura Healthcare of Newton East. A memorial service will be held at 10:00 a.m., Saturday, December 1, 2018, at Holy Trinity Lutheran Church. The family will greet friends after the service with a lunch at the church. Memorials to the Newton Salvation Army Food Bank or the Warsaw, Missouri Food Bank may be left at the church the day of the service or at the Wallace Family Funeral Home and Crematory.
Reg, the son of Delbert and Billie Jean (Greene) Farland, was born on July 28, 1948 in Newton. He grew up in Newton and graduated from Newton High School in 1967. For over 30 years and until his retirement, Reg worked at Pyramid Plastics Incorporated. He also had a long time cleaning business in Newton. For many years, Reg owned a cabin in Minnesota, where he spent a lot of time. Later he retired in Missouri. Reg was a member of the American Legion and a former member of the Izaak Walton League. He loved cooking, country music and being outdoors.
Reg is survived by his son, Luke Farland of Nevada; foster son, Steven Wells and his family; his grandchildren, Hope, Faith, Kamaeya, and Caeleb; his mother, Billie Farland of Newton; siblings, Dennis (Pat) Farland of Newton and Beth (Doug) Smith of Newton; his nieces, Dennise (Lee) Fields, Michelle (Mike) Wood, Tania (Marty) Baskerville, Natalie Smith, and Sarita Smith; his great-nieces and great-nephews; and other extended family and friends. He was preceded in death by his father.


TUCSON — Rockies closer Huston Street suffered a setback with his injured right shoulder on Tuesday, creating a strong possibility that he will open the season on the disabled list.
Street said that he will undergo an MRI today to try and get a better understanding of what caused the shoulder tightness that is identical to what shut him down nearly three weeks ago.
Street, who signed a three-year, $22.5 million deal during the offseason, was caught off guard Tuesday by the stiffness in his shoulder, especially because his simulated game on Monday went so well. But when he played catch Tuesday, the shoulder became tight again, causing the Rockies to shut him down. Street doesn't believe the injury is serious, but admitted he won't know until the MRI results are studied.
The Rockies reached the playoffs last year with Street missing the last month of the season. However, he did convert 35 of 37 saves last year.
Closer candidates could range from Rafael Betancourt, if healthy, to Franklin Morales, Matt Belisle and Manny Corpas. Betancourt, also dealing with shoulder woes, will throw live batting practice today and hopes to make his Cactus League debut next week.


February 26, 2015 • A panel of nutrition experts recommends a diet lower in meat in part because it's better for the Earth. But the meat industry says environmental policy doesn't belong in nutrition guidelines.
February 20, 2015 • A panel of top nutrition experts is recommending that Americans adopt a more plant-based diet and eat less meat and sugar. The panel also weighed-in on cholesterol and caffeine.
February 19, 2015 • Nestle says it's removing artificial flavors and dyes from its chocolate candies, and Hershey's says it's shifting to simpler ingredients. The moves come amid growing demand for natural food.
February 11, 2015 • New dietary advice is on its way. A panel of top experts — appointed by the federal government — is expected to update recommendations on what we should be eating. And one thing on the mind of the panel is dietary cholesterol. Americans have been told for decades to limit cholesterol-rich foods, but advice may be changing.
February 6, 2015 • Lawmakers also introduced a bill to strengthen laws protecting farm animals used in research. Both moves come out of a New York Times investigation of animal suffering at a federal research center.
February 3, 2015 • An expert panel says white potatoes "contribute useful quantities of potassium and fiber" to diets. Reversing an earlier position, the panel says spuds should be included in WIC, a food aid program.
January 29, 2015 • Juice and smoothies can be a convenient way to get more servings of fruits and vegetables. So what's the better gadget between a blender and juicer if you want to get more beneficial nutrients?
January 19, 2015 • Detox diets are a hot trend, but scientists say there's really no evidence that they are necessary or helpful. One strategy that does make sense: Cut back on sugar. We tell you why.
January 12, 2015 • If your New Year's resolutions to eat better haven't panned out yet, consider intermittent fasting. It's gaining traction among dieters and researchers for its benefits beyond just weight loss.
January 7, 2015 • Researchers have long known that avocados have "good" fats. But they didn't know if daily avocado consumption might affect cardiovascular disease risk factors. So they designed a study to find out.
January 6, 2015 • The caveman way of eating came in near the bottom of a list of 35 diets ranked by medical and nutrition experts. The winners? The Mediterranean-like DASH and the plant-centric Ornish eating plan.
January 2, 2015 • Want to change the food system? You can vote with your fork, but you can also support a campaign that's confronting the problems head on.


See how you can use the technique that doubled demand for Marriott's services.
When it comes to marketing, it's easy for your voice to get lost in the crowd. Although they do have their place, your Facebook Ads, blog posts — or any other traditional advertising — has to be heard amongst the immense noise and racket.
That's why uncommon and unique marketing tactics can be incredibly effective. And Marriott Hotels did just that.
They started to place virtual reality headsets in their hotel rooms, which allowed users to experience traveling to different locations. From their hotel room in NYC, for instance, they could "travel" to Hawaii, or explore Peru.
And this was a lot more than a PR gimmick — 51% of their customers who used the VR experience said they wanted to stay at Marriott hotels more often.
We're living in what's known as an "experience economy", according to the experts at Harvard Business Review. Simply put, people are starting to value experiences and sharing them with others more than actual items themselves. In Marriott's instance, they created a memorable event that went beyond a simple hotel room, and demand skyrocketed.
This doesn't even have to involve VR, but you should consider tying your brand/product/anything to a memorable experience if you want to stand out. For instance, you can send personalized emails to valued customers, or create a meetup event to market your own brand.
According to marketing guru Neil Patel, VR will make a huge impact on the future of business. The good news is that virtual reality isn't reserved for high-tech labs. With a simple cardboard headset, almost anyone can view VR from their smartphone. And with Google Tilt Brush, you can easily create VR content and art (and you don't have to be a computer genius, either).
So give VR a try the next time you want to create a blog or video — it could be an excellent way to supercharge your content marketing in a unique way.
I'm not saying you need to manipulate people's emotions, but you should create a strategic brand narrative — that is, a story as to why people should care about you/your product.
The bottom line is that Marriott's tactic can be applied to any brand or product. It's all about making the effort to connect with customers in a unique a meaningful way.
Marketing and PR fanatic — I love to write about everything business with a fresh take.


Ok everyone...we had to sneak up on him to get most of these pics..lol..so bare with me... there was a lot of cooing in high pitched voices just to get him to look in the direction of the camera. I don't know why he's so afraid of cameras.
Last edited by Mahealani770; May 23rd, 2007 at 10:08 PM.
aww nicky is soo cute! how is his potty problems going? getting any better?
If Snoop Doggy Dogg marries Winnie the Pooh, he'd be Snoop Doggy Dogg Pooh!!
Very sweet (except in a few of those pics, lol!)!
Thanks Lyn, we keep Nicky's diaper on him at all times while we're gone. We take no chances anymore and don't trust him, so he's gone potty in his little diaper/belly band but he hasn't pooped in the kitchen in awhile. Thanks for asking!
I can't believe that you know that's a papasan chair! lol You must have one..
Thanks for the compliments everyone!!!
Last edited by Mahealani770; May 25th, 2007 at 01:59 PM.
Looks like I missed this one too he's looks a bit like this and on some pics like this very cute and fluffy !
these are adorable i love POMS!!!! LIL DOGS WITH BIG ATTITUDE!
Great pics Mahealani, I especially loved the expression in the third of the first batch, it's very soft and sweet.
Awe, thanks PM...I'd love to see some Papillon pics!!!
Aww if I can figure out how to upload pics without using my computer mouse I will, it's just going to take some time for me to figure it out, lol, I really need to get a new computer. I hate the TAB button.
Aww.. You should send some of those to Mahealani so she can put them on her wall.
Halleluyah! A fast enough connection to finally download the Nicky pics! Sweet as ever, Mahealani! Such a dreamy face, even if he can be a little now and then.
Awww....little Nicky. He is such a cutie pie.


Information Technology Foundation for Education program StudyITin.ee in cooperation with Skype is organizing Hackathon for students to create practical IT solutions to any kind of problems that they encounter in real life. This is a 2,5 day event where you can turn your wild idea into something real, get help from Skype engineers, connect with other bright students, build something amazing and have fun!
StudyITin.ee award - all projects related to academic life will compete for StudyITin.ee prize.
present an idea (if it takes more than 48 hours to make it real) with some prototyping work done - video presentation preferred.
Visit to Skype office - all participants are welcome to visit Skype office on Friday, before the event starts and hear from Skypers about working in Microsoft.
Mentors from Skype - more than 10 Skypers will join the Hackathon as mentors and help teams make their wild projects a reality.
Pitch training - all teams will get pitch training and feedback from pitching experts before the final presentation.
P.S. Follow the event on Facebook and Twitter. All approved participants can pre-pitch their ideas and connect with others on our participants-only Facebook group. Use hashtag #skypeunihack to follow news about the event and when sharing the event.


I would like to be able to hide/disable or show/enable a step from the client side based on user response.
Hiding would mean i want to hide the step, have it skip that step in the navigation, and disable validation for that page..
Showing it would unhide it, add it back the step navigation, and re-enable validation.
I have been able to remove the step and hide it, but I can't insert it back if needed.
I could possibly hide the step, disable validation, and then override the next button so that it skips that step. But it would still affect that percentage complete, etc.
Also, I am not doing a asp postback as I am saving the data via an ajax post. So corrupting the viewstate is not an issue.
Hiding a Wizard step is not supported neither on the client nor on the server. As an alternative to hiding/showing steps we would suggest adding and removing them using the add() and remove() client-side methods of the RadWizardStepCollection object.
I have achieved this functionality by changing the cssClass of the WizardStep in the code behind.
You will still need to handle the skipping of the steps if the cssClass = "wizardStepHidden" though.
Thank you for sharing your approach. Indeed although a step can be hidden through the CssClass property the Wizard will still navigate to it (Previous, Next buttons), so additional navigation logic would be needed and the control's API can be used to set the active step.
You are correct. I mentioned that at the end but I guess I should have been a little more clear and included some example code. Below is a stripped down version of how I am skipping over the steps with the next and previous buttons, as well as handling it on page load.
Thank you for posting the logic you use for steps skipping. I posted a link to this thread in the feature request item in our Feedback Portal, as your approach would be helpful to other members of the community who want to hide Wizard steps.
...seems this control got short changed. Any plans on making this control more usable with opening up some more client-side properties?
Currently the status of this feature is "Approved", but it is still not scheduled for implementation, thus we cannot provide an estimate on when official support for hiding steps will be added to the control. In general the highly demanded features get implemented with precedence. If you have ideas on particular RadWizard client-side properties and methods that could be exposed you can log them as a feature request/s and vote.
I've tried stuff like sender.get_activeWizardStep().set_cssClass("wizardStepHidden"); in OnClientButtonClicked without succes.
Anyone can give a hint ?
However the step's css class set on the client is not persisted after a postback, i.e. "MyClass" will be set to the step's li element and will be present until a postback is initiated.


Packing a versatile feature-set in a sleek and portable body, the EOS Rebel T7i DSLR from Canon offers advanced imaging capabilities along with a convenient range of controls and connectivity. Utilizing a 24.2MP APS-C CMOS sensor and DIGIC 7 image processor, the Rebel T7i is able to capture high-resolution stills and video with an expanded sensitivity range of ISO 100-51200 to suit working in a wide variety of lighting conditions. The sensor and processor combination also avails 6 fps continuous shooting for working with moving subjects. Benefitting the imaging attributes, the sensor's design also facilitates Dual Pixel CMOS AF, which uses phase-detection autofocus for quick, accurate, and smooth focusing performance when recording movies or shooting stills in live view. When shooting stills using the optical viewfinder, a 45-point all cross-type phase-detection system is used for quick and accurate focusing in a variety of shooting scenarios.
• Large 3.0" 1.04m-dot touchscreen LCD provides an intuitive method for controlling focusing points, navigating menus, and reviewing imagery. This screen also features a vari-angle design to better enable working from high and low angles.
• Optical pentamirror viewfinder serves a clear means for eye-level shooting.
• Built-in Wi-Fi with NFC allows for easy wireless sharing of both photos and movies to a linked mobile device.
• Bluetooth permits linking a smartphone or tablet for quick image sharing between devices as well as remote control capabilities.
• Included LP-E17 rechargeable lithium-ion battery provides approximately 820 shots per charge.
Included with the camera is the EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM lens, which offers a 28.8-216mm equivalent focal length range. Its design integrates an STM stepping motor that provides near-silent focusing abilities with smooth and precise control. Additionally, the optical image stabilization system helps to minimize the appearance of camera shake by up to four shutter speed steps in order to benefit working in low-light conditions and with greater zoom magnifications. One PMO (precision molded optics) aspherical lens element and one UD (ultra-low dispersion) element are also incorporated into the lens construction to help reduce chromatic aberrations throughout the zoom range and an optimized lens coating has been applied, too, in order to lessen lens flare and ghosting for higher contrast, clearer imagery.
• Creative Filters can be applied to creatively refine the look of imagery in-camera, and include Art Bold, Water Painting, and Fisheye Effect for stills, as well as Dream, Old Movies, and Memory for video.
• A Feature Assistant user interface is available to highlight and guide use of specific camera modes and features.
• Picture Style modes: Auto, Standard, Portrait, Landscape, Fine Detail, Neutral, Faithful, Monochrome, and User-Defined settings. Language support: English, German, French, Dutch, Danish, Portuguese, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish, Spanish, Greek, Russian, Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Romanian, Ukraine, Turkish, Arabic, Thai, Simplified/Traditional Chinese, Korean, and Japanese.
Dimensions (W x H x D) 5.2 x 3.9 x 3.0"


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text:
Great River Children's Museum
Children's Museum in Saint Cloud, Minnesota
Family Fun Club
Category: About
About, Children's Museum
Great River Children's Museum Hires Executive Director
Work continues to bring an exciting new children's museum to downtown St. Cloud, MN and today the Great River Children's Museum announced that another milestone had been reached with the hiring of Cassandra (Cassie) Miles as Executive Director. The Executive Director salary is funded in part with money from the Minnesota Humanities Center and the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund that was created with the vote of the people of Minnesota on November 4, 2008.
It's been four weeks since Cassie stepped into the Executive Director role and her new, temporary office at 111 7th Avenue South. The building, which was donated by Liberty Bank in September of 2018, is quiet now as COVID-19 has halted some of the community engagement work that launched earlier in the year. Regardless, Cassie is energized and ready to lead the project forward. "I am really excited to have a part in creating an imaginative space where families from around Central Minnesota can come to connect, play, explore and discover. There's really nothing cooler than making a shared dream come to life and I get to work alongside a community that I love and a fantastic Board of Directors and volunteers to do just that! "
While the community has quieted some over the last few months, Great River Children's Museum continues to make progress on their plans to build a children's museum that will serve the central Minnesota region. Before the initial stay-at-home order was issued, the museum's board and volunteers had completed initial pre-design work with architects, launched Play Explore Learn Labs, began holding Roundtable discussions with various community groups, and had begun a quiet phase of fundraising. Now, although COVID-19 has caused a disruption, the Board of Directors continues to find ways to pivot where needed and tackle some of the many behind the scenes projects on their plate. For example, while the in-person Play Explore Learn Labs had to be put on hold, the Family Fun Club was born in its place to create activities that would allow families to engage with the museum outside and from their homes. Larger projects like creating detailed exhibit descriptions, meeting with design consultants, capping unused wells, taking soil samples and general preparations for a large remodel project all continued. As other organizations were working to find ways to reopen, the Great River Children's Museum Board realized that delaying the hiring of an Executive Director would mean pushing a pause button on something that the community is looking forward to and that just didn't feel like the right decision for the families that the museum will welcome through the doors in the future.
"We are excited to announce the arrival of our new Executive Director Cassie Miles," said Board Chair Glen Palm.
"A full time Director will help us strategically focus our efforts so we can achieve the maximum benefit from all the work our volunteers are doing and move closer to our goal of opening the Great River Children's Museum to serve Central Minnesota."
Cassie herself was born and raised in Central Minnesota, just outside of Annandale. She went to the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities campus where she earned her BSB in Finance and BSB in Entrepreneurial Management. She brings her background in the financial sector and her love for locally owned establishments to her new role. She also brings her experience as a mother to an almost 2 year old son who inspires her and reminds her daily that children need safe imaginative spaces to thrive.
Walking into the space that is the future home of the Great River Children's Museum has the feeling of something coming full circle for Cassie. "I grew up spending a lot of time at my uncle's hobby farm and my career started at a bank in Chicago after college. I just think it's fitting that I get to walk into a building that used to house a hatchery and a bank and make plans for the structure to evolve into something entirely different and wonderful."
Hiring an Executive Director was just one big step in a series of big steps. The Great River Children's Museum will continue the quiet phase of raising capital and talking to the community about their hopes and visions for the future museum. Everyone involved with the project knows that taking it day-by-day is necessary when there are a lot of unanswerable questions, but that doesn't stop them from preparing for the future. "There is a lot going on in the world that we need to pay attention to and learn from each and every day," Cassie commented. "It can be overwhelming, but it isn't hard to push ahead with the children's museum work. Economically, it is going to provide a boost to aid regional recovery from downturns caused by the pandemic. Socially and emotionally, it gives me and everyone else something to look forward to and a place where joy can be experienced and expressed. All we have to do is think about the many smiling faces that will walk through the door of the children's museum that the community will build together. It's going to be incredible."
About, Facilities
The first installment of our video tour of the building is on YouTube. Monica Segura-Schwartz and Glen Palm walk through the banking section of the building, give a little history, and share their dreams for the future. Our building is really three separate buildings, so it takes quite a while to tour the whole thing. We look forward showing you a little more in future segments and introducing you to more of the board members. Stay tuned!
About, Children's Museum, Fund Development
The museum project began in 2012 at the dining room table of Glen Palm and Jane Ellison. It has gone through many stages in its evolution. Now, as it begins to take on physical form at the downtown location, let us take a look back at the many milestones along the way.
Established Great River Children's Exploratorium as a 501c3
Met with community leaders/groups
Joined the Association of Children's Museums as an emerging museum
Studied children's museums in similar sized midwest communities
Completed a needs assessment
Collaborated with CentraCare Health System to bring the Healthyville exhibit to the Stearns History Museum
Created a planning team
Discussed a second pop-up exhibit in collaboration with early childhood programs
Met with Minnesota Children's Museum staff and toured $30 million expansion
Attended webinar with SCSU faculty/staff about collaboration between children's museums & universities
Explored building sites for a future location
Recruited and expanded board membership to 14 members
Ran a successful matching campaign for a $25,000 grant
Formed committees and refined the mission statement during a board retreat
Met with museum planners Jeanne Vergeront and Jim Roe
Changed name to Great River Children's Museum
Finalized building donation by Liberty Bank in downtown St. Cloud
Legislation introduced for Legacy funding
Contact your representatives and ask them to support HF396 which provides funding for the Great River Children's Museum. This bill was authored by Dan Wolgamott and Tama Theis. The companion bill in the senate is SF645 and was introduced by Senator Jerry Relph.
About, Children's Museum, Facilities
Our Busy Board
The Great River Children's Museum Board of Directors has had an extremely busy month. From board development to moving day, it has been several weeks of milestone events. You can learn more about our board members here.
Nov. 17 – The board attended a retreat facilitated by Linda Holliday and Kathy Gaalswyk of Impact Minnesota. During the retreat they were able to learn about board member roles, review bylaws, define their mission and values, and form committees. The committees are working groups including community engagement, fund development, finance, facilities and personnel. There will be a follow-up retreat coming early next year.
Nov. 28 – Mark Bragelman, Robin Gohman and other representatives from Liberty Bank brought our group on a tour of the Great River Children's Museum's soon-to-be home. Museum planners Jeanne Vergeront and Jim Roe met with the board and planning group to share their ideas about how the building could be used to bring community members inside to join in the museum planning process and play together. It was exciting to dream about using this new space.
Dec. 4 – Closing day! Board members Glen Palm, Greg Reigstad and Becky Coborn were present for the signing of the documents and the handing over of the codes and keys.
Since that day, it has been fun exploring the building, discovering which key fits in which lock and which code opens which door. There has also been the work of moving in, with furniture that was donated by Coborn's, Inc. Thanks to a Thrivent Action Team, we were able to purchase paper products and other supplies needed to host our volunteer board and committees for work in our new space. After a tour with the fire marshall, the facilities committee has a list of initial work that needs to take place in the building in order to safely host family friendly events.
Dec. 10 – The Great River Children's Museum Board of Directors held its first meeting in the new location. The results of the board retreat were voted on and made official. The board has grown over the past six months from three voting members to fourteen. Solidifying the foundational documents and board structure has been a major focus of the board's most recent time together.
New Name!
As you may have noticed, the Great River Children's Exploratorium is now officially the Great River Children's Museum! The board voted unanimously at the October 15th meeting to change the name after being approached by The Exploratorium in San Francisco. The word exploratorium is trademarked by this museum and when we started getting media attention for our project, they reached out to let us know we were not able to use the name.
The board agreed that we wanted to keep Great River as part of our identity because of the importance of the Mississippi River in our region. We look forward to educating people about the river through an indoor, interactive water play feature. We hope it will be a cornerstone exhibit.
We agreed that Children's Museum was the best way to describe us. A children's museum is something that many people are familiar with and associate with the high quality programming we plan to deliver. For those who don't know what a children's museum is, we look forward to showing them a place for playful, hands-on learning geared toward children ages zero to ten and appealing to the child in all of us.
The name change process will continue over the next several weeks. During this time you may notice the change reflected in our website, social media and printed materials. We are thankful to receive notice of this issue early in the project, while the financial impact of this shift is still very minimal. Overall, having a name that our entire board has agreed upon will be a positive for the organization once the transition is complete.
About, Board Member Profile
Becky's Mission and Vision for Central Minnesota
Becky Coborn is one of the first people to join the children's museum project. In 2013, she began working as a licensed parent educator in ECFE (Early Childhood Family Education) in Sauk Rapids-Rice School District. Her own children were grown and flown from the nest and she felt compelled to invest in the children of her community, their parents and families. She completed her master's degree in Child and Family Studies from St. Cloud State University in 2016. For her thesis project, Becky researched the impact of children's museums on parents in communities. She found that children's museums help parents to better understand child development and how to encourage their child's learning.
Becky has a deep love for the St. Cloud area and a desire to see our community thrive. While raising her children, she served as a volunteer in many different capacities at Sacred Heart Elementary School, Cathedral High School, College of St. Benedict and St. John's University. She strongly believes that building a children's museum is the next best step for Central Minnesota.
Becky understands that the early years are a crucial stage in a child's growth and development. Having a place for families to come where kids can be free to play, explore and try new skills in a safe, rich learning environment will have long-term benefits to the entire community. She hopes to see parents connecting with their children through the museum experience and gaining knowledge about child development. When families grow stronger, communities grow stronger.
Something New! for Glen Palm and the St. Cloud Area
We are doing something new in central Minnesota! Opening a children's museum is a large and complicated feat. It was begun several years ago with the dream of Glen Palm.
Glen retired in 2013 from his position as chair of the Child and Family Studies department at St. Cloud State University where he spent his career teaching parenting education, supervising students, and writing about parent education and fatherhood. He is a longtime early childhood advocate in the St. Cloud Area. He originally founded Super Saturdays for dads and young children in District 742, a program that continues today. If you hear Glen joke that he "just got out of prison," it is because of his important work with incarcerated fathers at the Minnesota Correctional Facility in St. Cloud.
Through a children's museum, Glen sees a chance to fill a need in the community for a safe place for children and families to practice 21st century skills such as creativity, problem solving, teamwork and resilience in a playful atmosphere. He also sees it as a community project that will unify people from diverse backgrounds throughout the St. Cloud area. Upon his retirement from SCSU, he set about tackling early tasks such as gathering a small team of dedicated volunteers, establishing a non-profit organization, orchestrating community studies, and outlining a business plan. The location search has taken some time, but now appears to be nearing completion.
With the finalization of a location will come a host of new challenges to be tackled. Glen and his growing team will approach each obstacle with the playful, creative spirit born in each of us in early childhood. The prospect of getting the whole community involved in creating a safe place for children to be children is exciting and energizing.
Monica Segura-Schwartz
GRCM Update
Give At Home MN
Board Member Profile (6)
Children's Museum (19)
Keep up to date by subscribing to our newsletter.
As we reflect today on the ways we can all serve our community, please take a moment to act in service of those who may need your support. We honor the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. today, and use his words as inspiration as we work to create a healthy world for our children.
We have put together this video to showcase the role we see the Children's Museum playing in our community, and highlight what excites us about bringing a museum to our local families.
#mlk #mlkeveryday ... See MoreSee Less
Here is this week's trivia question:
This close-up photo was taken on the second floor of our building. What is it?
Leave your guess in the comments below! ... See MoreSee Less
Thank you to everyone who participated in answering our first trivia question! The answer is given below:
Our building dates back to 1931. Which business has never occupied space in our building?
A) Athletic Club
B) Chicken Hatchery
C) Salon
D) Floral Company
The correct answer is C) Salon! Congratulations to those who answered correctly!
Our building space has in fact been an athletic club, a chicken hatchery, and a floral company. Jack Frost Hatchery was an occupant of the building from 1931-1962. Below is a photograph of the hatchery taken in 1958.
Stay tuned for another trivia question on Thursday, January 14th. ... See MoreSee Less
Let's start out the new year with a game and a chance to win a prize!
*See terms in the comments section below*
Our building dates back to 1931.
Which business has never occupied space in our building?
D) Floral Company ... See MoreSee Less
Our friends in the African Women's Alliance share stories about gardening, fish eyes and who makes the best jollof rice. Learn to make jollof rice with the Family Fun Club at greatrivercm.org/familyfunclub/. ... See MoreSee Less
Great River Children's Museum
is a 501(c)(3) organization.
info@greatrivercm.org
Saint Cloud, MN 56301
Copyright 2020 by Great River Children's Museum - Privacy Policy


Oberon introduces a new plenum rated ceiling enclosure designed for the Cisco 1242 wireless access point. The locking door has mounting features for the Cisco AIR-ANT5959 and AIR-ANT 5145V-R diversity antennas (not included), providing for a simple, aesthetic mounting solution. The Oberon Model 1054-00 is UL listed.
Cisco has recognized Oberon, Inc. a Cisco Registered Partner, as having the necessary resources to be an Advanced Wireless LAN specialist. Oberon, Inc. has demonstrated the ability to support advanced wireless LAN planning, design, implementation, and on-going operations for customers throughout the USA.
Oberon introduces a ceiling enclosure for the Cisco model 1250 802.11n Draft 2.0 access point. Oberon's Model 1053-00 ceiling enclosure is the first plenum mounting solution for 802.11n Draft 2.0 Wi-Fi products. The model 1053 is designed to aesthetically mount the Cisco model 1250 access point, with features on the locking door to mount the 1250's MIMO antennas. More information is available on Oberon's Products page.
FIRST-EVER LIST OF THE 5,000 FASTEST-GROWING BUSINESSES REPORTS TOTAL REVENUE OF $194.5 BILLION — Oberon Wireless Ranks No. 1868 on the 2007 Inc. 5,000 With Three-Year Sales Growth of 195%.
Alutiiq Security and Technology, LLC and EMA, Inc. under contract with TIMPO, Tri-Service Infrastructure Management Program Office has implemented Oberon's model 1052 wireless access point enclosure and matching "Z" Dual Band Antennas for Naval Health Services. TIMPO is a project management office open to all DoD, Federal and Civilian agencies. Oberon's enclosures provide a secure, aesthetic method to mount Cisco 1242 and Aruba model 70 wireless access points in the ceiling. Oberon's "Z" Dual Band antenna attaches to the door of the enclosure, providing an aesthetic, simple to install antenna solution.
Oberon's Model 1052 wireless LAN access point enclosure and matching "Z" Dual Band Antennas have been approved for Air Force NETCENTS (Network Centric Solutions) installations. NETCENTS is an acquisition vehicle for use by the Air Force, DoD, and Federal government. Oberon's enclosures provide a secure, aesthetic method to mount Cisco 1242 and Aruba model 70 wireless access points in the ceiling. Oberon's "Z" Dual Band antenna attaches to the door of the enclosure, providing an aesthetic, simple to install antenna solution.
Oberon Distributors Mercom and CSC announced the deployment of Oberon's secure mounting solutions into AirForce Bases and Naval Healthcare Centers . These projects will amount to the installation of 2,800 Model 1050 and 1052 Locking Enclosures with Oberon's Low Profile Z Dual Band Antenna. Cisco Model 1242 and Aruba Model 70 Access Points will be used throughout the project housed in the Oberon secure mounting solution.