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Bethlehem: Christmas time brings hope and comfort, despite circumstances
Rev. Dr Munther Isaac from the Evangelical Lutheran Christmas Church in Bethlehem, is academic dean at the Bethlehem Bible College. Below, he reflects on how, during 2020, the celebration of Christmas in Bethlehem, though vastly different than in the past, still brought hope and comfort.
Education has a crucial role for sustainable peace in Iraq
In a series of workshops in Iraq, the role of education in promoting social cohesion and sustainable peace was discussed by education experts, representatives of government and of different ethnic groups, as well as Iraqi religious and community leaders.
Palestinian Christian peace worker yearns for courageous leaders
As the WCC olive harvest initiative in 2020 drew to a close in early December, WCC News met with Nora Carmi, a Christian Palestinian who has worked for peace and justice her whole life, to hear her perspective on the situation in the holy land today, and the role of faith in sustaining hope.
A hopeful, but not optimistic Palestinian ecumenist
With olive harvest season coming to an end, life under occupation returns to "normal" for Palestinian communities on the West Bank. Under that "normal," which means forced displacements and constant fear of threats and harassments, now also looms a threatening Israeli annexation of large chunks of fertile land owned by Palestinian farmers – a move which would "undermine peace and justice and be in direct violation of international law," according to a joint ecumenical statement by the WCC and other ecumenical organizations earlier this year.
As olive harvest draws to a close, who is helping the farmers?
Olive farming should be a peaceful activity, but for many Palestinian farmers the harvest season is a time of tension, violent attacks, and destruction of precious olive trees. Farmers in the West Bank of the occupied Palestinian territories face a barrage of such threats from nearby Israeli settlers.
Picking olives together, Israeli and Palestinian peace workers focus on hope
In fields where one group often challenges their neighbours who own and work the land, two peace activists, Israeli Amos Gvirtz and Palestinian Issa Souf, are busy picking olives and building bridges of justice and peace together.
"Salaam and shalom between Palestinians and Israelis must be achieved"
As this year's olive harvest season in the Holy Land comes to an end, the WCC airs a closing webinar, entitled "Uprooting identities or planting just peace?"
WCC to convene webinar on 'Uprooting Identities or Planting Just Peace?'
With the annual olive harvest season in the Holy Land soon to draw to a close, the WCC convenes a webinar on the topic 'Uprooting Identities or Planting Just Peace?' on 2 December.
On World Olive Tree Day, planting is an act of love
What does it mean to plant an olive tree? For people in the Holy Land, and in many other regions, this act of love bears deep cultural, spiritual, and economic meaning. In 2019, UNESCO established 26 November as World Olive Tree Day.
Fr Jamal Khader: "We need to keep hope alive" in Palestine
It is easy to feel despair of the unjust situation for the Palestinians, who are experiencing daily humiliation, annexation of land, growing settlements, land grabbing and poverty. This year Palestine has been illegally occupied for 53 years. But there are also many people in Palestine cultivating hope, faith and love for transforming the situation.
Rev. Jamil Khadir: "Without faith, there is no real hope" in Palestine
Illegal occupation of Palestinian lands has been ongoing for 53 years, imposing deep injustices on the daily life of local communities. In Nablus, in the northern West Bank, many Palestinians know what it can be like to live with settlements close by, not least in the villages around the city, where Palestinian landowners regularly face settler abuse. Yet there are many in the area who persist, in working hard on a daily basis to foster peace and justice. Below, Rev. Jamil Khadir reflects on what this means for him as a local pastor in Nablus.
In Palestine, "God honored this olive tree"
"Just as you cannot live without water, olive oil is the same for us—and the olive tree is our life," explains a smiling Abu-Issa under an awe-inspiring 13-meter olive tree. Its umbrella of branches extends over the al-Walaja hills, just north of Bethlehem.
"Olive trees are holy signs of peace, older than anyone"
In a mood of hope, solidarity and compassion, the WCC olive harvest initiative continued on Wednesday with a live-streamed public webinar, addressing cultural, socio-economic and spiritual aspects of the olive harvest season in the Holy Land, as well as highlighting the impact of the continuing military occupation of the Palestinian territories.
Olive harvest webinar to shed light on cultural, spiritual and economic aspects
On Wednesday 21 October the World Council of Churches hosts a webinar open to the public covering the cultural, economic and spiritual aspects of the olive harvest.
Olive harvest initiative reaffirms commitment to justice and peace in the Holy Land
Olive trees know neither religious nor territorial boundaries and bear fruit even under occupation. With the annual olive harvest season commencing, the WCC launches a global initiative this week, highlighting the spiritual, economic and cultural importance of the olive harvest for Palestinian communities, and witnessing to the impact of the occupation.
Leaders from Higher Committee on Human Fraternity reflect on "changing hearts and mentalities"
During a meeting of the Higher Committee on Human Fraternity on 9 October at the Bossey Ecumenical Institute, WCC interim general secretary Rev. Prof. Dr Ioan Sauca reflected on how best to promote and uphold one humanity.
WCC congratulates Dr Michel Abs, new secretary general for Middle East Council of Churches
In a 21 September letter, World Council of Churches interim general secretary Rev. Prof. Dr Ioan Sauca congratulated Dr Michel Abs on being elected as the next secretary general of the Middle East Council of Churches.
World Week for Peace in Palestine and Israel "inspiring and troubling to the soul"
As churches across the world observed the World Week for Peace in Palestine and Israel, they were reminded of God's infinite love yet confessed to feeling overwhelmed by dark forces, too.
Hope prevails in times of crisis in Lebanon
The fatal blast in Beirut last month became yet another blow to an already plagued country. In recent months, a financial crisis with a free-falling currency and rising unemployment has further undermined the Lebanese economy. Add to that one million Syrian refugees and the COVID-19 pandemic, and the contours of a fragile nation facing monumental challenges emerge.
"Stand together praying for just peace in Palestine and Israel"
Prayers, minds and hearts across the world were focused on the World Week for Peace in Palestine and Israel during an online ecumenical gathering hosted by the WCC on 14 September.
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Warhammer 40k Orks (and more): Star Trek Attack Wing U.S.S. Enterprise-D complete!
Star Trek Attack Wing U.S.S. Enterprise-D complete!
Finished painting the Enterprise-D tonight. The color is Vallejo model color medium sea grey. I think it's perfect. I then went and did the lifeboats in yellow, engines and Bussard collectors. Then it got a good coat of Dul-Cote for durability. It was a lot of work, it's not perfect, but I think it looks great!
I also picked up another ship.
Time to hit the commissions.


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Iowa? We could have sworn this was Heaven.
Posted on August 21, 2021 by Bill George Leave a comment
Two baseball scribes return to their roots to celebrate the game of baseball and a pretty magical movie.
As the players walk from the corn fields of Iowa, fans rejoice in the thought of our pastime and the afterlife being entwined. Photo by Mike Marando.
By Bill George and Mike Marando.
The devotion of baseball fans to their favorite teams is often described in religious terms. The fans are described as "the faithful." We are believers who never give up hope, praying for our team's resurrection year after year. Chicago Cub fans are perhaps the greatest example of this having suffered for more than a century between world championship teams. The grounds the teams play on are often described as "hallowed," which is a fancy word for holy.
Baseball's Field of Dreams game this summer perfectly reflected these transcendent themes and added the extra feature of creating a pilgrimage to the analogy.
Only, it wasn't the Cubs playing. It was their crosstown rivals, still with a taint of shame from the 1919 Black Sox scandal. These Sox are up-and-comers and were taking on perhaps the most famous name in sports: the New York Yankees. The game was played in Dyersville, Iowa, the first big league game ever played in that state. It was based on a movie of the same name, a movie that is about faith, hope, belief and resurrection. There would be only about 8,000 tickets made available and those at very high prices. Only the truest of true believers would cast all aside to make the trip. Dyersville is in the heart of a heavily Catholic area in Northeast Iowa. It's not an easy place to get to.
One of the movie's themes is "if you build it, we will come" and come we did. From all over the country. Some fans were lucky enough to win a chance to purchase tickets through a special lottery held by MLB and the White Sox. But many people paid four and five times the $375 face value of the ticket.
We are two of the pilgrims. Since we live in Sacramento, California, making the trek involved not only securing the tickets but also paying for an expensive flight that took us half way across the country. We pride ourselves on our frugality, and we are both retired. But the fates had conspired to make the lure of this game irresistible.
Major League Baseball went for the heart strings and pulled it off. Our authors pose in front of a poster in Dyersville, Iowa
We grew up in the 1960s at the height of the Yankee-White Sox rivalry. Bill is a lifelong White Sox fan and grew up on Chicago's south side. Mike is a long-time Yankee fan.
In 1959 the White Sox interrupted the Yanks string of American League championships and won the pennant. For the next decade the two teams slugged it out, with the White Sox finishing second to the Yankee juggernaut in 1963, 1964 and 1965.
Both of us have Iowa backgrounds. Mike's early years were spent in the Rock Island-Moline area, which along with Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa, comprises the Quad Cities. Bill started his career as a journalist in Iowa. So, we knew our way around the state. Even better, Mike's brother Jim and his wife Lois still live in the Quad Cities area, about an hour and a half away from the game site. The free lodging, meals and an SUV offset the cost of the airfare and the tickets. Or so we (falsely) reasoned. Just three days before the game we pulled the ripcord and jumped. We seized a chance of a lifetime to see the teams we have loved for our entire lifetimes: the credit cards engaged, a passenger jet roared into the air, and we winged our way from Sacramento, through Denver, and into the Quad Cities.
The next morning, we were on the road, headed up the Mississippi Valley on roads that wound past farmhouses and rolling hills that rose above fields of emerald corn and soybeans. There are many misconceptions about Iowa, perhaps the biggest one being that the state is flat. This is a painful lesson for hundreds of bicyclists who participate in the annual bike ride across Iowa. They show up expecting a nice easy ride across the state only to be painfully humbled by the undulating hills. Fortunately, we were driving and could enjoy the scenery on this beautiful, if humid, day. Iowa's hills were sculpted by the enormous glaciers that dug out the Great Lakes. The giant masses of ice moved slowly over Iowa, and left behind the richest soil in the world, the base element of the state's legendary corn.
As we got closer to Dyersville we passed by beautiful monasteries, seminaries and abbeys, reminders of the long time Catholic presence in the region. Dyersville, a town of just 4,100, is host to the Basilica of St. Francis Xavier, just one of 53 basilicas in the United States. "Our church has been a Catholic treasure among the cornfields of Iowa for over 125 years, welcoming visitors to an experience of both beauty and prayer," the basilica says.
The celebratory atmosphere and significance of this event was revealed along the main road leading into and through Dyersville. The road was dotted with homes and businesses welcoming fans of both the White Sox and Yankees. Bunting draped along the façade of many houses; some folks sold home-made souvenirs while others perched on lawn chairs, waving at us as we drove by. "Welcome White Sox and Yankees fans" was emblazoned on the sign of a nearby Ford dealership. The vibe was like the morning of an Independence Day celebration.
We arrived early in order to soak up as much of the atmosphere as possible. We stopped in the one-stoplight downtown that was packed with cars and pickup trucks. A mural depicting Sox players emerging from a cornfield was painted on one side of a building. Another mural asked the famous question from the movie, "Is This Heaven?" With less than an hour to go before the parking lot opened, we drove toward the baseball field. We merged into the line of vehicles at just the right time to avoid a jam. Smiling high schoolers guided us into a soybean field where we parked and we walked into the grounds around 2:30 in the afternoon. It was four hours before the first pitch.
The iconic white house featured in the film was situated next to the original movie-set and its cornfield ballpark. White Sox "ghost" players strolled the grounds in authentic 1919 uniforms, providing historical anecdotes and posing for pictures. Iowans are justifiably proud of their friendliness, an aspect that was on full display during the long day and evening.
Major League Baseball nailed every single detail, right down to the last cornstalk. MLB even found a way to keep the bugs away, save for the one small mosquito that landed on Bill's arm. He gently set it free to enjoy the game as well. To get inside the stadium, we walked through a corn maze, as the recognizable musical score of Field of Dreams floated down from the loudspeakers. At every turn, there were cardboard stand-ups of Yankee and White Sox players nestled a few rows deep in the corn on each side. We were mesmerized.
It was the line from the movie that gave people hope, "If you build it, they will come." Sometimes, you have to have faith. Photo by Mike Marando.
There is something about the geometry of farm fields that fits naturally with the baseball diamond. For Mike, it harkened immediately to a time when his father, James S. Marando, took him to his first game at Wrigley Field in the summer of 1963. His dad drove three and a half hours to get to Wrigley, a day Mike fondly recalled. A day with his dad spent driving through the fields of corn to a baseball field. Bill remembered his days playing catch with his father before they headed to Comiskey Park: home to the White Sox and the ghost of Shoeless Joe Jackson, an outfielder of the shamed 1919 club. Shoeless Joe is the name of the book by Canadian author W.P. Kinsella, which was the inspiration for the movie.
Batting practice began as the heat and humidity intensified. Farmers know —and scientists confirm— that corn stalks talk to each other. Perhaps the players were urged on by the quiet whispers from the green fields as the young sluggers took batting practice and launched homer after homer. Seeing the balls vanish silently into the corn 400 feet away gave us goosebumps.
Fifteen minutes before game time, the first of many roars bellowed from the 7,832 in attendance when actor Kevin Costner, who starred as farmer Ray Kinsella in the 1989 film, emerged unannounced from the cornfield in right-center field. He asked those in attendance, "Is this Heaven?" They roared, "Yes!" Then, like apparitions, players from both teams materialized in right field, reflecting the famous scene in the film where ghost players of the 1919 White Sox walked out of the cornfield.
The crowd was in awe of the spectacle and hushed as the game began. We relished watching the boys climbing a long ladder to insert the numbers on the scoreboard, and wished we'd dressed in suspenders and straw boaters as some in the crowd had. The sky turned silvery as dusk set in and the lights, much dimmer than a normal MLB game, fought to gain purchase. Between innings the players laughed and joked with the crowd, tossing baseballs to favored fans. It was clear they were enjoying the event.
But soon the event turned from poetry to competition. In an age where conspiracy theories abound, one could be forgiven for buying into a plot that said this game had been scripted. Who would have believed eight home runs, all prodigious shots? It became intense. Lance Lynn, the bearded potbellied veteran White Sox pitcher, roared in rage at the home plate umpire for not calling his close pitches strikes… just like an old-time hurler. The Yankees took a 3-1 lead behind a massive home run from gargantuan slugger Aaron Judge. The White Sox rebounded with a home run parade and by the ninth held a commanding 7-4 lead with their top reliever on the mound. Bill envisioned a White Sox victory making up for all those second-place Sox finishes. But the Yankees fought back, and homers by Giancarlo Stanton and Judge again produced four runs as New York went ahead, 8-7. For Mike, it was a return to the heroic age of Mantle and Maris and another example of Yankee superiority.
The crowd was electric and the air alive in the bottom of the ninth as the partisans chanted in support of their teams. It was then that the movie flipped from Field of Dreams to The Natural. Chicago's Seby Savala walked and with one out, its star shortstop, Tim Anderson, came to bat and hammered the ball over the wall in right center field. The Sox players pummeled him as he touched home plate and the fireworks, a relic from Comiskey Park, exploded above.
The scoreboard never lies. What it doesn't say is how big a win this was for Major League Baseball.
The crowd cheered then lingered in the stands trying to absorb what had happened, the phrases from the past echoing in their minds. "I can't believe what I just saw," a call from the legendary play-by- play man Jack Buck years earlier seemed the best way to describe it.
Finally, we left, once again passing through the corn maze to get to the parking area. The maze was lit with a thousand tiny lights that cast a twinkling glow on the corn. It reminded us of the glaciers that had formed Iowa thousands of years ago, the thousands of games played in the last 200 years, and of the movie that reminded another generation that baseball is the greatest game.
These things were immutable, unchanging, had ever been and would forever be. And we had been part of it.
tagged with Aaron Judge, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Field of Dreams, Giancarlo Stanton, Joe Jackson, Kevin Costner, Lance Lynn, New York Yankees, Tim Anderson
Mike Marando

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: WooCommerce Get All Shiping Method Calculated API I am trying to create an API functions for mobile to get shipping methods from WordPress WooCommerce. This is my code:
    public function get_shipping($request){
        $params = (array) json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), TRUE);
        $state =  $params['state'];
        $country =  $params['country'];
        global $woocommerce;
        $woocommerce->cart->empty_cart();
        foreach ($params['line_items'] as $item) {
           if((int) $item["variation_id"] > 0 ){
               $woocommerce->cart->add_to_cart(
                   (int)  $item["id"],
                   (int) $item["quantity"],
                   $item["variation_id"]);
           } else {
               $woocommerce->cart->add_to_cart(
                   (int)  $item["id"],
                   (int) $item["quantity"]);
           }
        }

        $package =  $woocommerce->cart->get_shipping_packages();
        $delivery_zones = (Array) WC_Shipping_Zones::get_zones();
        $new_delivery_zones = Array();
        foreach ($delivery_zones as $zone) {
            $z_object =  (Array) $zone;
            $new_shippings = Array();
            foreach ($z_object["shipping_methods"] as $shipping) {
                $s_item = Array();
                $objects = (Array) $shipping;
                foreach ($objects as $key => $value) {
                    if($key != "instance_form_fields") {
                        $s_item[$key] = $value;
                    }else{
                        $f_item = Array();
                        $new_form_fields = Array();
                        $form_fields = (Array) $value;
                        foreach ($form_fields as $keyi => $valuei) {
                            $valuei["name"] = $keyi;
                            $f_item[$keyi] = $valuei;
                            array_push($new_form_fields, $valuei);
                        }
                        $s_item["instance_form_fields"] = $new_form_fields;
                    }
                }
                array_push($new_shippings, $s_item);

            }
            $z_object["shipping_methods"] = null;
            $z_object["shipping_methods"] = $new_shippings;
            array_push($new_delivery_zones, $z_object);

        }

        $correct_zone = null;
        foreach ($new_delivery_zones as $zone) {
            foreach ($zone["zone_locations"] as $location) {
                 $splits = explode(":",$location-> code);
                 if(count($splits) > 1){
                     $country = $splits[0];
                     $code = $splits[1];
                     if($country == $country && $code == $state ){
                         $correct_zone = $zone;
                     }
                 }
            }
        }
        if($correct_zone == null)
            return $correct_zone;

        $package['destination']['country'] = $country;
        $package['destination']['state'] = (int) $state;
        $package['destination']['country'] = $country;
        $new_shipping_method = Array();
        foreach ($correct_zone["shipping_methods"] as $shipping_method) {
            if (class_exists($shipping_method["id"])) {
                $class = new $shipping_method["id"]();
                $class->calculate_shipping_for_package($package);

                foreach ($class->rates as $rate) {
                    array_push($shipping_method["rates"], Array(
                        "cost" => $rate->cost,
                        "label" => $rate->label,
                        "method_id" => $rate->method_id
                    ));
                }
//                error_log(print_r($class->rates, true));
                array_push($new_shipping_method, $shipping_method);
            }else{
                array_push($new_shipping_method, $shipping_method);
            }
        }
        $correct_zone["shipping_methods"] = $new_shipping_method;

        return $correct_zone;
    }

and I'm reading this post
BUT I did not understand where the problem is, Because it does not work properly and its calculated prices do not match post plugins.
Please Please Please give me the correct code
thank you very much

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: ACE.OLEDB.12.O connection not open Imports System.Data.OleDb

Public Class Form1
    Dim Dutycon As OleDbConnection
    Dim DutyAdo As OleDbDataAdapter
    Dim DutyCmd As OleDbCommandBuilder
    Dim DutyI As New Integer
    Dim DutyTab As New DataTable
    Dim DutyRow As DataRow

    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
        Me.Duty_EmployeeTableAdapter.Fill(Me._Duty_DatabaseDataSet1.Duty_Employee)
        Dutycon = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0; Datasource=Duty-Database.accdb; Presist security info=false;")
        DutyAdo = New OleDbDataAdapter("Select * from Duty_Employee", Dutycon)
        DutyCmd = New OleDbCommandBuilder(DutyAdo)

        Try
            Dutycon.Open()
            MsgBox("Database opened")
        Catch ex As Exception
            MsgBox("Database Not connected -- -.. " + ex.Message)
        End Try
        DutyAdo.Fill(DutyTab)
        DataGridView1.DataSource = DutyTab
    End Sub

    Private Sub Duty_EmployeeBindingNavigatorSaveItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Duty_EmployeeBindingNavigatorSaveItem.Click
        Me.Validate()
        Me.Duty_EmployeeBindingSource.EndEdit()
        Me.TableAdapterManager.UpdateAll(Me._Duty_DatabaseDataSet1)
    End Sub

    Private Sub Cmd_Add_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Cmd_Add.Click
        Dutycon.Open()

        DutyRow = DutyTab.NewRow
        DutyRow("Emp_No") = TextBox1.Text
        DutyRow("Emp_Name") = TextBox2.Text
        DutyRow("Emp_salary") = TextBox3.Text
        DutyTab.Rows.Add(DutyRow)
        DutyAdo.Update(DutyTab)

        MsgBox("New Record added", MsgBoxStyle.Information, "Record Stored")

        Dutycon.Close()
    End Sub
End Class

Connection () can't open

Could not find installeble ISAM

I have Ms-Office 2007  (Access) and connect to VB.net through "ACE.OLEDB.12.0"


In advance of the release of Cheap Girls' ear-pounding new album Famous Graves, Xtra Mile Recordings have launched a number of pre-order bundles for those keen and on-the-pulse.
Once described by Laura Jane Grace of Against Me!, who produced their third album Giant Orange, as "an authentic Midwestern rock band in the vein of The Replacements, Soul Asylum, Sugar and early Smoking Popes", Famous Graves really drives those comparisons home. Loud, with soaring melodies built on chiming and (over)driven guitars, punching the air ecstatically is the only acceptable reaction. Those who saw them on tour with Against Me! in March and The Hold Steady in April will attest to that.
Famous Graves can be pre-ordered from the Xtra Mile Recordings shop and is available on CD, coloured 12" vinyl, and as a download. To add to those already attractive standard options, check out the Xtra Mile-exclusive Cheap Girls t-shirt, and the vinyl & t-shirt or CD & t-shirt bundles too. What's more, the first 100 USA pre-orders will get an exceptional Cheap Girls beer koozie.
You can feast your eyes on these treats below in our picture gallery.
Want more reasons to pre-order? Well, you can listen to three tracks from the record right now - Man In Question, Amazing Grace, and Knock Me Over.
In addition to all this album excitement, Cheap Girls will be supporting the stupendous Andrew Jackson Jihad in the US. Tour dates are below.


Dr. Parastatidis received his medical degree from Aristotle University in Thessaloniki, Greece, and completed his internal medicine internship and residency at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He then completed fellowships in cardiology and structural imaging at Emory University, where he served as chief cardiology fellow, and he is board certified in Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease.
Dr. Parastatidis also holds a PhD in vascular biology from Aristotle University, and he conducted research about atherosclerotic heart disease, oxidative stress and vascular aging at the University of Pennsylvania and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. He has authored and co-authored more than 20 studies and abstracts in several high-impact medical publications, mostly about his research interests in coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease and aging.


text:
A  a Pokémon anime első évadának harmincnyolcadik epizódja, amely 1997. december 16-án került levetítésre, kizárólag Japánban. A részben Ash és barátai a helyi Pokémon Központban megtudják, hogy valamilyen probléma van a pokélabda továbbító géppel. Ahhoz, hogy megtudják, mi a baja, a gép belsejébe kell menniük.

Az epizód hírhedtté vált bizonyos ismétlődő képi hatásai miatt, amelyek fényérzékeny epilepsziás rohamot váltott ki jelentős számú japán nézőben. Az incidensre a japán sajtó  néven hivatkozott. Hatszáznyolcvanöt nézőt vittek kórházba; ebből kettőnek több, mint két hétig kellett bennmaradnia. Ennek köszönhetően az epizód világszerte nem került adásba. Az incidens után a Pokémon animét négy hónapos hiátusra küldték, és csak 1998. április 16-án került újra adásba a TV Tokyo televízióadón. Levetítése után az epizódot számos alkalommal parodizálták vagy hivatkoztak rá a kulturális médiában, köztük A Simpson család vagy a South Park sorozatokban.

Cselekmény
Ash, Misty, Brock és Pikachu rájön, hogy a pokémonok Pokémon Központok közötti utaztatását szolgáló rendszer meghibásodott. Joy nővér kérésére Akihabara professzorhoz, a pokélabda átvitel rendszer megalkotójához sietnek. A férfi elmondja, hogy a Rakéta csapat ellopta a kísérleti Porygonját, egy digitális pokémont, ami képes a kibertérben élni, és arra használják, hogy ellopják vele az edzők pokémonjait a számítógépes rendszeren belülről.

Akihabara Asht, Mistyt, Brockot, Pikachut és a második Porygonját elküldi a rendszerbe, hogy megállítsák a Rakéta csapatot, akik, mint később rájönnek, blokádot állítottak fel, amivel megakadályozzák a pokélabdák utaztatását a rendszerben. Porygon legyőzi a Rakéta csapat Porygonját, de Joy nővér, a helyzetet figyelemmel kísérve egy anti-vírus programot tölt fel a rendszerbe, hogy megfékezze a számítógépes vírusnak hitt behatolókat. Pikachu a villámcsapás támadását használja a "vakcinarakétákként" alakot öltő program ellen, ami robbanást okoz. A csoport és a Rakéta csapat sikeresen kimenekül a számítógépből, ami a Rakéta csapat blokádját feloldva ismét normálisan működik.

Fogadtatás és botrány
A Dennó szensi Porygon 1997. december 16-án 16:30-kor JST (10:30 UTC+1) került adásba. Az epizód, amit több mint, harminchét televízióadó sugárzott azon a kedden, a legnagyobb nézettséggel bírt az idősávjában, és körülbelül 4,6 millió háztartásban nézték.

Húsz perccel az epizód kezdete után van egy jelenet, amiben Pikachu vakcinarakétákat állít meg a villámcsapás támadásával, ami egy hatalmas, pirosan és kéken villogó robbanáshoz vezet. Ugyan voltak további hasonló, pirosan és kéken villódzó részek az epizódban, azonban a "paka paka" elnevezésű animetechnika rendkívül intenzívvé tette ezt a jelenetet. A villanások rendkívül fényes stroboszkópfények voltak, amelyek villogási sebessége körülbelül 12 Hz volt nagyjából hat másodpercen át.

Ezen a ponton a nézők homályos látás, fejfájás, szédülés és hányinger miatt kezdtek panaszkodni, de néhányuknál rohamokat, vakságot, görcsöket vagy eszméletvesztést váltott ki a jelenet. A Japán Tűzvédelmi Iroda jelentése szerint összesen 685 nézőt – 310 fiút és 375 lányt – szállítottak kórházba a rohamkocsik. Ugyan sok áldozat a kórház felé tartó úton jobban lett, azonban több, mint 150-et felvettek a kórházba. Két személy több, mint két hétig volt kórházban. Néhány ember rohamot kapott, amikor a jelenet bizonyos részeit újra leadták a televíziókban a rohamokról szóló hírjelentésekben. A 685 kezelt gyermek mindössze csak egy töredékét diagnosztizáltak fényérzékeny epilepsziával.

Későbbi tanulmányok kimutatták, hogy a nézők 5–10%-a szenvedett enyhe tünetekben, amik nem szorultak kórházi ellátásra. 12 000 gyermek, akiket nem vittek kórházba mentőautók a betegség enyhe tüneteiről számoltak be; azonban tüneteik inkább hasonlítottak a tömeghisztériára mint sem egy grand mal rohamra. Egy 103 pácienst az esemény után három évig követő tanulmány szerint legtöbbjük nem szenvedett további rohamokban. Tudósok úgy vélik, hogy a villogó fények váltották ki a fényérzékeny epilepsziát, amely hatására a vizuális ingerek, így például a villódzó fények megváltozott tudatállapotot okozhatnak. Bár körülbelül 4000 emberből 1 hajlamos az ilyen típusú rohamokra, az epizód miatt érintett emberek számára még nem volt korábban példa.

A USA Today magazin egy cikke megnyugtatta az amerikai szülőket, hogy "az amerikai gyermekek nem valószínű, hogy a televíziós rajzfilmek miatt rohamokat kapjanak", mivel "az amerikai tévéadók nem adnak le élénk japán rajzfilmeket, úgynevezett 'animéket'" azok "gyors tempójú animációs stílusával", azonban azóta az animék egyre inkább elterjedtek az amerikai televízióban. Az incidens, amire a japán sajtó  hivatkozik, bekerült a Guinness Rekordok Könyvének 2004-es és 2008-as Játékos Kiadásába a "legtöbb fényérzékeny epilepsziás roham, amelyet egy televíziós műsor váltott ki" címmel.

Hatása
Az incidens híre gyorsan terjedt Japánban. A következő napon a TV Tokyo bocsánatkérést intézett a japán emberek felé, felfüggesztette a sorozatot és vizsgálatot indított a rohamok okának felderítésére. Az atagói rendőrállomás tisztjeit utasította az Országos Rendőr-ügynökség, hogy kérdezzék ki az anime készítőit annak tartalmáról és gyártási folyamatáról. Az Egészségügyi, Munkaügyi és Népjóléti Minisztérium egy rendkívüli ülést tartott, amelyben szakértőkkel megvitatták az ügyet, illetve információkat gyűjtöttek be a kórházaktól. A videoforgalmazók Japán szerte levették a Pokémon animét a kölcsönzői kínálatukból.

A Tokiói Értéktőzsdén is gyors volt a reakció, a Nintendo részvényei a következő reggelre 400 jennel (közel 5%-kal), 12 200 jenre csökkentek, ahogy az incidens híre terjedt. A Nintendo azon videójáték gyártója, amelyen Pokémon anime alapul. A Nintendo akkori elnöke, Jamaucsi Hirosi azt mondta az epizód levetítése után egy nappal adott sajtótájékoztatóján, hogy a videójáték-cég nem felelős a történtekért, mivel az eredeti Pokémon játék a Game Boy kézikonzoljukra fekete fehér megjelenítésű volt.

A Dennó szensi Porygon levetítése után a Pokémon animét négy hónapos hiátusra küldték, és 1998. április 16-án került vissza újra a képernyőkre. A szünet után a sorozat idősávot váltott keddről csütörtökre. A nyitóképsorokat is újratervezték, amelyben fekete háttér előtt mutatnak be bizonyos pokémonokat, négyet képenként. A rohamok előtt a nyitóképsor alatt eredetileg egy pokémon szerepelt képenként. A sorozat újboli adásba kerülése előtt levetítették a  című műsort. Az 1998. április 16-án műsorba kerülő adásban Jamada Mijuki műsorvezető megvizsgálta a sorozat formátumát és az animációs sorozatok előtt leadásra kerülő figyelmeztetéseket, valamint nézők által beküldött leveleket és rajongói rajzokat mutatott be, akiknek többsége amiatt aggódott, hogy a animét abbahagyják az incidens miatt. Számos japán televíziós műsorszolgáltató és egészségügyi tisztviselő összeült, hogy megtalálják a módját, hogy az incidens ne ismétlődhessen meg. Egy iránymutatást hoztak létre az animációs sorozatoknak, amely többek között tartalmazza, hogy:

 A villódzó képek, különösképpen, amelyekben piros szín is van nem villoghatnak gyorsabban háromnál többször másodpercenként. Ha a jelenet nem tartalmaz piros színt, akkor sem villoghat gyorsabban ötnél többször másodpercenként.
 A villódzó képsorok nem tarthatnak tovább két másodpercnél.
 A csíkok, az örvények és a koncentrikus körök ne töltsék ki a televízió-képernyő nagy részét.

Ezen epizód miatt, az incidens után kellett a "Karácsonyi ajándékok" és a "A Nagy behavazás" című epizódokat levenni az eredeti műsoridejükről és később, az időrendi sorrendet felborítva leadniuk.

Annak érdekében, hogy elejét vegyék hasonló incidensek megismétlődésének a japán kormány úgy döntött, hogy az epizódot véglegesen kiveszik a további ismétlésekből, azóta sem vetítették, még Japánon kívül sem. Az epizódot szinkronizálta és módosította – lelassították a villódzó fényeket – a 4Kids Entertainment az észak-amerikai sugárzáshoz, azonban végül mégsem került adásban miután a japán kormány betiltotta az epizódot. Az epizód levetítésével egyidőben kezdték meg Pokémon adaptálását az amerikai közönségnek. Ellentétben a többi villogó fénnyel a 4Kids Entertainment további óvintézkedéseket tett a műsor fényesen villódzó fényeivel szemben, megváltoztatták ezek világítását és a fények sebességét az amerikai kiadás összes korábbi epizódjában.

Annak érdekében, hogy az eseményt könnyeben elfejtsék az emberek, illetve a trauma megelőzése érdekében az anime egyetlen további részében sem szerepel Porygon. Ennek következménye Porygon és annak fejlődései nagy népszerűtlenségtől szenved a sorozat rajongói között. A második generációs fejlődése, a Porygon2 az egyetlen második generációs pokémon, ami soha nem jelent meg az animében. A negyedik generációs fejlődése, a Porygon-Z sem jelent meg az animében. Azonban Porygonnal együtt megjelentek a Kyurem vs. szeikensi: Keldeo című film elején, ahol az összes pokémon feltűnik (Genesecten kívül).

Kulturális hatása
A South Park amerikai televíziós animációs sorozat 1999 novemberében leadott, Chinpokomon című epizódja egy pokémonszerű jelenség, a Chinpokomon körül forog, aminek a South Park-i gyerekek a megszállottjai lesznek. A Chinpokomon játékokat és videójátékokat egy japán cég árulja az amerikai gyerekeknek a South Parkban. A vállalat elnöke, Mr. Hirohito, a játékokat a gyerekek agyának kimosására használja, akikből saját hadsereget állít az amerikai kormány megdöntésére. Ezen játékok közé tartozik egy videójáték is, amelyben a játékosnak meg kell próbálnia lebombázni Pearl Harbort. Amíg Kenny ezzel a játékkal játszik epilepsziás rohamot kap és később meghal, ezzel utalva a Pokémon-rohamos esetre.

A Thirty Minutes over Tokyo című Simpson család-epizódban a Simpson család Japánban vakációzik. Miután megérkeztek a tokiói szállodájukba Bart a Battling Seizure Robots című animét nézi, majd megkérdezi, hogy "Nem ez az a rajzfilm, ami szélütést okozott?", ezzel utalva a Pokémon-rohamos esetre. A kérdéses műsorban gyorsan villódzó szemű robotok vannak, amitől Bart (majd később az egész család) rohamot kap. Ugyanez a villódzó képsor később az epizód stáblistája alatt is feltűnik.

A Firka Villa pilot epizódjában Ling-Ling, aki Pikachu paródiája, kijelenti, hogy célja a villában, hogy elpusztítson mindent és rohamokat okozzon a gyerekek között. Ezt egy villódzó fényes jelenet követ, közvetlenül utalva a Dennó szensi Porygonra. Scott Westerfeld So Yesterday című regényében, utalnak a Dennó szensi Porygonra, majd a regény három szereplője megnézi az epizódot, közülük egy rohamot kap. Az író a rohamot okozó villódzó piros fényt történetmesélési elemként is használta.

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 A Pokémon epizódjainak listája
 Az ismétlésekből kihagyott Pokémon-epizódok — információ a további Pokémon-epizódok körüli botrányokról
 YAT ansin! Ucsú rjokó botrány — egy hasonló incidens

Források

További információk
 A "Dennó szensi Porygon"  a TV.comon
 A "Dennó szensi Porygon" az IMDb-n

Pokémon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


residents no longer look at it as a desirable place to live.
In order to address the perception of safety and security the "SPCP" is attempting to replicate the Northwest Citizens Patrol, which operates in Baltimore, Maryland. The NWCP is the largest and one of the oldest citizen patrols in the country. They have seen a decrease in crime in the neighborhoods patrolled during the hours they patrol.
The objective of the SPCP is to create a visible presence in the defined boundaries. The hope is that the presence of a patrol will act as a deterrent to criminal activity in the presence of watchful eyes. It will also increase the perception of safety for the residents who live within the boundary and will see that there are eyes on the streets looking out for their wellbeing. The SPCP will work closely with local Law Enforcement to ensure the safety of the patrol members, their compliance with the law, and the integrity of the organization.
The SPCP is not a response to active crime. Members are never to confront nor engage any suspicious activity. Members regardless of permits or experience are NEVER to be armed while on patrol. The SPCP is only to report suspicious activity from a safe distance.
In order to be effective SPCP will need the cooperation and involvement from local Law Enforcement, ideally a designated officer to be on patrol with the members. The patrol units will have their own radio communication. The officer will be the lead on how to respond to reports from the patrol i.e. respond, call for back up, ignore, etc. The Law Enforcement participation will help the perception of safety for both the volunteers and the residents.
A decrease in crime brought about by deterring crime in the first place.
A community and neighborhood becoming a more desirable place to live.
A diverse community and neighborhood coming together to bring about meaningful change.
An opportunity for Law Enforcement and the residents they serve to work collaboratively in a positive way to effect change on the ground.


Morten Gamst Pedersens match worn shirt from the game against Chelsea, on November 5th, 2011.
Blackburn lost 0-1, and Gamst played the full 90 minutes, and got booked.
The shirt features the poppy, for the Royal British Legion charity, and is also signed by the player.


text:
Justia Patents Upper ExtremityUS Patent for Elbow orthosis having an inflatable bladder support and method of use Patent (Patent # 5,514,081)
Elbow orthosis having an inflatable bladder support and method of use
Oct 7, 1994 - D'Mannco, Inc.
A cloth body having a central elbow portion wrapped around a patient's elbow to treat elbow flexion contractures. Hook and loop material secure the cloth body to the patient's elbow. A longitudinally extending pocket contains an air bladder. Inflation of the air bladder supports the patient's elbow in a rigid position. Latitudinally extending pockets surrounding the anterior portion of the forearm and upper arm contain a flexible support element.
Latest D'Mannco, Inc. Patents:
Knee brace having an inflatable bladder and exterior support element
Inflatable palmar bladder
Knee brace having an inflatable bladder support
Hand splint support
This application is related to application Ser. No. 08/294086, filed Aug. 22, 1994, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/904,844, filed on Jun. 26, 1992.
This invention relates to orthopedic elbow brace appliances. More particularly it refers to an orthopedic appliance applied to a patient's elbow, the appliance containing an air bladder inflated to extend a contracted elbow in a rigid configuration.
2. Description of Prior Art
Many orthopedic appliances exist containing air bladders or fluid control chambers for intermittently supporting and releasing support on body parts. U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,056 describes such appliances having inflatable tubes stitched into a fabric extending vertically over a portion of the fabric. U.S. Pat. No. 4,430,042 describes a pillow type device strapped to a leg and then inflated. U.S. Pat. No. 4,872,448 describes a U-shaped inflatable air bladder over the patella. U.S. Pat. No. 4,938,207 describes a linear brace employing first and second fluid filled chambers. U.S. Pat. No. 4,947,834 describes a brace for compressing a patient's outer extremities, the brace having flexible chambers arranged one after another in a series and these are successively inflated. U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,115 describes a body support apparatus having at least two inflation chambers. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,020,515 and 5,056,504 describe hand splints with inflatable bladders.
None of these appliances provides a means to alternately support a patient's elbow in various positions and permit easy removal and reapplication of the splint for treating wounds under the brace. A need exists to have flexibility in an elbow brace support appliance for treating elbow flexion contractures and to obtain ease of removing and reapplying the brace.
I have invented an elbow brace having an inflatable bladder support to treat elbow flexion contractures. My elbow brace has a cloth body having a soft bottom portion in contact with the patient's skin and a fabric top surface to which a longitudinal pocket is attached, the longitudinal pocket containing a plastic air bladder. A pair of latitudinal pockets are located at right angles to the air bladder and each contains a rigid support element. In a preferred embodiment, the latitudinal pockets are sealed and contain a moldable plastic conforming with a patient's anterior portion of the forearm and upper arm. Hook or loop closures are attached to the top surface of the brace and corresponding bottom surface of the brace to hold the elbow brace in place around the patient's elbow. A hand pump is attached to the bladder to inflate or deflate the bladder as needed by the patient. The wrap around fastening of the cloth body allows for treatment of wounds and incisions by unfastening the hook and loop closures, treating the wound, and easily reapplying the brace.
In an alternate embodiment, an exoskeleton frame is provided for surrounding the cloth body and providing a means to set the elbow in a multiplicity of fixed positions. The exoskeleton frame is secured to the cloth body by straps having hook and loop material surrounding the outer surface of the cloth body.
The invention may be best understood by those having ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a bottom plan view of the orthopedic appliance of my invention prior to applying the appliance to a patient.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the orthopedic appliance shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the orthopedic appliance shown in FIG. 1, positioned on a patient's elbow with an air bladder and pair of support elements shown in phantom.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the support element in its position around a forearm or upper arm and molded to the shape of the anterior portion of a patient's forearm and upper arm.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a rigid support element before deployment around a patient's arm.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the air bladder which inserts within a pocket.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the orthopedic appliance shown in FIG. 1, draped over a patient's elbow with the air bladder and support elements shown in phantom.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the orthopedic appliance shown in FIG. 1, retaining a patient's elbow in a fixed extended position.
FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view through the cloth body of the orthopedic appliance shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an exoskeleton frame having a hinged support portion for use with the orthopedic appliance of my invention.
FIG. 11 is a side view in partial phantom of a portion the exoskeleton frame illustrating the different positions in which the hinged support portion can be set.
FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view of an exoskeleton frame having a rigid support portion for use with the orthopedic appliance of my invention.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an exoskeleton frame having a polycentric support portion for use with the orthopedic appliance of my invention.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the orthopedic appliance of FIG. 2 with the exoskeleton frame draped over a patient's elbow, the exoskeleton frame having a hinged support portion.
FIG. 15 is an anterior view of a patient's elbow with the orthopedic appliance retaining the elbow in a fixed position.
Throughout the following detailed description, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements in all figures.
The elbow brace or orthosis appliance 10 is shown in FIG. 1 presenting a bottom plan view thereof. The bottom portion is covered by a pile 12 such as KODEL, a registered trademark for a product sold by Eastman Kodak Company, or other soft wool or wool like material which will not be abrasive to a patient's skin surface. A section 14 and 16 projecting from the pile 12 contain hook or loop material used in fastening the brace 10 to a patient's elbow. A hole 18 in the pile 12 approximately centrally located in the pile material 12 accepts the anterior elbow joint.
FIG. 2 shows a top plan view of the elbow brace 10. The top surface of the brace is covered by tightly woven fabric 20. A pair of projecting sections 22 and 24, oppositely positioned sections 14 and 16 respectively, have hook and loop material attached by sewing to the tightly woven fabric 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the bottom portions of sections 22 and 24 are covered by the pile 12. Also shown in FIG. 2 is a pair of latitudinal pockets 26 and 28 respectively sewn to the top surface of the fabric 20. An opening 30 to pocket 26 and an opening 32 to pocket 28 provides a means for inserting a rigid support element 36 such as polyethylene into each pocket. The support elements 36 are inserted into openings 30 and 32 from the bottom surface of elbow brace 10 as shown in FIG. 1. Another pocket 40 longitudinally positioned has an opening 33 for insertion of a bladder 34. The rigid support elements 36, as shown respectively in FIGS. 4 and 5, are insertable into pockets 26 and 28 in either a curved position as shown in FIG. 4 or inserted as shown in FIG. 5 and then molded to the patient's forearm or upper arm. Darts 27 and 29 on fabric 20 enhance the ability to fold the brace 10 together and conforming the elbow brace 10 to the curve of the patient's arm.
FIG. 3 shows the brace 10 mounted over the elbow 56 of a patient. Section 16 is folded over on to section 24 so that the hook or loop material on the bottom of section 16 engages the corresponding hook or loop material on the top of section 24. In like manner, the section 14 is passed over section 22 so that the hook or loop material on the bottom portion of section 14 engages the corresponding hook or loop material on the top portion of section 22. In the brace 10, shown in FIG. 3, support element 36 is employed in the pocket 26. Bladder 34 is shown in the deflated position so that the patient can bend his or her arm. A bulb pump 58 is attached by its valve 60 to the corresponding valve opening in bladder 34 to enable the bladder to be expanded and straighten the patient's elbow in the designated position.
As shown in FIG. 7, the rigid support elements 36 are employed in the pockets. The inflated bladder 34 maintains a completely rigid configuration for the patient's elbow.
As shown in FIG. 9, the top surface of tightly woven fabric 20 is separated from the bottom portion covered by a pile 12 by an intermediate foam layer 62 so that the brace 10 has a soft wool-like material 12 in contact with the skin and a durable fabric 20 on the outside protecting the brace 10 from environmental effects, but with a foam intermediate material to maintain the body structure of the brace 10 while at the same time providing a soft medium 12 to prevent pressure against the soft tissue of the arm.
The elbow brace 10 of this invention is designed primarily to treat pre-fixed contracture of the elbow. Such pre-fixed contracture is any contracted joint that can be flexed or extended and where splinting is indicated for treatment. The brace 10 will stabilize the extension of the elbow and is useful for immobilization of the elbow during post-trauma or post-surgery. In addition, the brace 10 will support post-trauma or surgery patients while undergoing rehabilitation.
In placing the brace 10 on a patient, the elbow can be extended as far as comfort will allow and the open brace 10 is placed on the patient's elbow with the section 16 placed around the forearm to contact the section 24 on the fabric, and the section 14 placed around the upper arm to contact the section 22 on the fabric. The pile surface 12 is placed down over the patient's skin. The air bladder is inflated to hold the elbow in the degree of extension desired. The greater the degree of extension, the more inflation in the air bladder 34. Once the amount of air pressure necessary for either stabilization or immobilization has been determined, the brace 10 can be removed and put back on without changing the air pressure in the air bladder 34. To remove the brace 10 the hook and loop material is unfastened. To replace the brace 10, extend the arm and place the brace 10 pile side 12 toward and under the elbow 56 and fasten the hook and loop ends together. One finger should be inserted under all edges for correct clearance. The brace 10 can be easily removed and replaced in order to treat wounds under the splinted area.
Referring to FIGS. 10, 12 and 13, an exoskeleton frame 76 is provided for use with brace 10. Exoskeleton frame 76 can be positioned around brace 10 in conjunction with the rigid support elements 36. FIG. 14 shows exoskeleton frame 76 employed around brace 10.
Exoskeleton frame 76 is provided with a plurality of interchangeable support portions for setting an elbow of a patient in a variety of fixed positions. FIG. 10 shows exoskeleton frame 76 having a preferred hinged support portion 78. FIG. 11 illustrates the variety of fixed positions in which hinged support portion 78 of exoskeleton frame 76 can be set. FIG. 12 shows exoskeleton frame 76 having a rigid support portion 80. FIG. 13 shows exoskeleton frame 76 having a polycentric support portion 82. Polycentric support portion 82 allows exoskeleton frame 76 to be locked in a variety of fixed positions as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. Hinged support portion 78 and polycentric support portion 82 are locked in their respective fixed position by a preferred push button mechanism 84, although removable screws (not shown) could be employed to achieve the same result. The push button mechanism 84 is engagable from an inner surface 88 along hinged support portion 78 and polycentric support portion 82, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 13 respectively. A plurality of Chicago screws 86 permit rotation of hinged support portion 78 and polycentric support portion 82. As shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 13, a pair of flexible support portions 90 are provided with exoskeleton frame 76 to provide medial support to the tendons along the dorsal portion of the forearm and upper arm. Flexible support portions 90 are rotatably attached to either hinged, rigid, or polycentric support portions 78, 80, and 82 respectively, by Chicago screws 86.
Straps 92 and 94 containing hoop and loop material are wrapped around the frame 76 to keep it in place. The elbow brace or orthosis appliance 10 has its air bladder 36 lying on the supinated portion of the arm. It is centered over the inner, anterior aspect of the elbow joint.
A pocket 40 in the middle, outside of the orthosis 10 holds the inflatable air bladder 34 in place. The pair of malleable rigid stays 36 are incorporated onto the soft cover beneath the bladder pocket. The stays are formed to fit the curve of the upper and lower arm and are designed to disperse the pressure from the upper and lower muscle mass to the sides of the arm.
The air bladder 34 is slowly inflated to increase the pressure against the upper and lower arm. This will hold the contracted arm in the extended range of motion position. The inflatable air bladder 34 maintains the arm in an extended position without undo pressure on the flexors above and below the elbow joint. The air bladder 34 allows continuous motion of the elbow joint by resisting the flexion contractors with resultant relation of the flexor muscles. There is minimal pressure against the soft tissue and the orthosis 10 does not constrict the blood flow nor cause pressure on the nerves.
With daily range of motion therapy and careful use of the elbow orthosis 10, flexion contractors can be effectively treated. When used as a resting brace at night, the elbow brace will prevent flexion contracture in early immobility and treat long standing non-fixed contractores.
The elbow orthosis 10 is easy to apply and the materials used, encourage patient compliance.
The plastic employed in the support element 36 can be a moldable low density polyethylene which has a memory and will return to a shallow curve but will not return to the previous straight configuration. By using such a polyethylene the pressure from the air bladder is diverted to the edges of the rigid support elements 36 and causes a pull against the backs of the upper and lower arm. At the same time it does not put pressure on the anterior reflex muscles.
Equivalent materials can be substituted for the materials employed in this invention to obtain substantially the same result in the same way.
1. An orthopedic appliance for surrounding an elbow of a patient to treat elbow flexion contractures, the appliance comprising,
a cloth body having a top and bottom layer, a foam layer located intermediate the top and bottom layers, and a generally centrally located portion for receiving a patient's elbow, the top layer covered by a tightly woven fabric, the bottom layer covered by a soft non-abrasive material for contact with the skin of the patient, the cloth body wrapped around the elbow of the patient such that an area is provided from which an anterior portion of the elbow can protrude through at least the bottom and foam layer of the cloth body,
hook or loop material attached to a top and bottom portion of the top layer of the cloth body at opposed ends for securing the cloth body in a wrapped position,
a longitudinal pocket integrally attached to the top layer of the cloth body, the longitudinal pocket having an opening formed therein,
an air bladder mounted within the longitudinal pocket, the air bladder permitting inflation to set the elbow in a desired position and deflation so that the patient can flex the elbow, the air bladder having been inserted through the opening in the longitudinal pocket, and
two latitudinal pockets at right angles to the air bladder, a support element mounted within each latitudinal pocket for providing support to the orthopedic appliance.
2. The orthopedic appliance according to claim 1 wherein each latitudinal pocket has an opening at opposed sides of the area of the cloth body in which the anterior portion of the elbow protrudes and the latitudinal support elements have been mounted within the latitudinal pockets through the openings.
3. The orthopedic appliance according to claim 2 wherein the latitudinal support element is a flat structure made from a moldable low density polyethylene.
4. The orthopedic appliance according to claim 2 wherein the latitudinal support elements are a first curved structure conforming to an anterior portion of the patient's upper arm and a second curved structure conforming to an anterior portion of the patient's forearm.
a cloth body having a top and bottom layer, a foam layer located intermediate the top and bottom layers, and a generally centrally located portion for receiving a patient's elbow, the top layer covered by a tightly woven fabric, the bottom layer covered by a soft non-abrasive material for contact with the skin of the patient, the cloth body wrapped around the elbow of the patient,
hook or loop material attached to the top layer of the cloth body at opposed ends for securing the cloth body in a wrapped position,
an air bladder mounted within the longitudinal pocket, the air bladder adapted to be inflated from an air pump to rigidly set the elbow in a desired position and deflation so that the patient can flex the elbow, the air bladder having been inserted through the opening in the longitudinal pocket, and
an exoskeleton frame surrounding the cloth body and having a pair of stiff support portions rotatably attached to a pair of flexible support portions at opposed ends of the stiff and flexible support portions respectively, the pair of the flexible support portions for surrounding an anterior portion of a forearm and upper arm of the patient, the stiff support portions for positioning along opposed sides of the elbow adjacent the air bladder, the flexible support portions having an outer surface for attaching a pair of hook and loop straps by hook and loop material, and the hook and loop straps securing the exoskeleton frame around the cloth body of the orthopedic appliance.
6. The orthopedic appliance for surrounding an elbow of a patient to treat elbow flexion contractures according to claim 5, wherein the pair of stiff support portions are hinged to permit the patient's elbow to be set in a variety of fixed positions.
7. The orthopedic appliance for surrounding an elbow of a patient to treat elbow flexion contractures according to claim 5, wherein the pair of stiff support portions are rigid to restrict movement of the elbow, the support portions setting the elbow in a straight and fixed position.
8. The orthopedic appliance for surrounding an elbow of a patient to treat elbow flexion contractures according to claim 5, wherein the pair of stiff support portions are polycentric to permit movement of the elbow and to allow the elbow to be set in a variety of fixed positions.
9. A method of moving a contracted arm of a patient to a more extended position comprising:
wrapping a forearm and upper arm of the patient in a cloth body having multiple layers with hook or loop material attached to a top and bottom portion of the cloth body at opposed ends for securing the cloth body in a wrapped position,
inserting an air bladder into a longitudinal pocket in the cloth body,
inserting a rigid support element into one or more latitudinal pockets in the cloth body,
inserting a stem leading to a hand held air pump into the air bladder and alternating inflating and deflating the air bladder to exercise the patient's contracted arm.
3548820 December 1970 Bergen
3993056 November 23, 1976 Rabischong
4340042 July 20, 1982 Smith
4873968 October 17, 1989 Finnieston et al.
4938207 July 3, 1990 Vargo
4947834 August 14, 1990 Kartheus
4960115 October 2, 1990 Ranciato
5056504 October 15, 1991 Mann
5205812 April 27, 1993 Wasserman
5378224 January 3, 1995 Bilotti
Filed: Oct 7, 1994
Date of Patent: May 7, 1996
Assignee: D'Mannco, Inc. (High Springs, FL)
Inventor: Donaerl B. Mann (Ft. White, FL)
Primary Examiner: Richard J. Apley
Assistant Examiner: Beverly M. Flanagan
Attorney: Herbert W. Larson
Application Number: 8/319,597
Current U.S. Class: Upper Extremity (602/20); Inflatable (602/13); Inflatable Splint (128/DIG20)
International Classification: A61F 500;


The Mallorcan Ensaïmada is also available with an exceptional orange cream made from the intense tasting and untreated oranges of the valley of Sóller. The Ensaïmada, may be enjoyed plain or with its' mouthwatering, orange filling and is a very popular and extremely tasty pastry product with a long tradition. A typical handcrafted product that may only be created by an experienced pastry chef to ensure that it retains all the characteristics. In Mallorca, the Ensaïmada are eiher eaten with the first or second breakfast, or are enjoyed as a dessert. It is often savoured as an in-between-time bite, and accompanied with a cup of hot chocolate! So, taking into account the above mentioned, you might have noticed that it is actually ideal for any time ...!
Flour, water, eggs, sugar, orange, lard and baking powder.


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Home › Entertainment › TV › Yellowstone › 'Yellowstone's Bunkhouse Boys Answer if They'd Eat Teeter's 'Everything' Stew
'Yellowstone's Bunkhouse Boys Answer if They'd Eat Teeter's 'Everything' Stew
by Jon D. B. November 24, 2021
written by Jon D. B. November 24, 2021 3:14 pm
(Photo Credit: Yellowstone Gallery, Paramount Network Press Center, Viacom)
"Who's brave enough for some sumb*tch?" Yellowstone's bunkhouse boys are at it again, and they're breaking down that perfect cooking scene with Teeter.
"You're wasting your time, Teeter. No one's going to eat a thing that you cook," barks Ryan in the bunkhouse. If you've watched Season 4, Episode 4, then you know Teeter brings her own home cookin' to the boys in Gator's absence. And it's brilliant.
"What did she make?" Jefferson White laughs. His character, Jimmy, was absent – as he's down in Texas now. But Ian Bohen's Ryan was present, as was Denim Richard's Colby. And the boys weigh in on if they'd actually eat what was in Teeter's pot.
"She cooks this big ol' crockpot full of something, and we all come in starving," Bohen explains. "We dish out all these bowls, and she calls it something…"
"Sumb*tch!" Teeter shouts out. Jen Landon delivers the line perfectly. In a brilliant moment, Jake Ream spits out his mouthful. Ream, a real-life- horsemaster and rancher, knows exactly what sumb*tch is.
"The joke is… It's everything," Bohen reveals. "Everything in the cow." This isn't fiction, either. It's a true-to-ranch tradition. Waste not, want not, right? But would any of the Yellowstone actors actually eat themselves some sumb*tch?
'Yellowstone' Stars Question 'Sumb*tch'
"Man… I'm not down with eating cow ear, ox tail, or tongue," Ian Bohen says in the show's latest Stories from the Bunkhouse. "I get it… But I don't want it."
"Yeah, I'm just not interested in eating… All the facets of a cow," echoes Denim Richards with a smile.
That's 0-for-3, then, right there. With that in mind, Jefferson White asks Richard's what his Colby would cook in the bunkhouse instead of Teeter's resourceful stew.
"If it was a stew, honestly I probably would've done a lamb stew," he answers. Yellowstone Ranch doesn't exactly have lambs roaming around, however, so this feels more a "Denim" answer than a "Colby" one.
Bohen and White agree, though, that they'd be "down with that."
As for the actual Yellowstone Season 4, Episode 4, Teeter sports Whiskey Myers' 'Hurry Up and Wait' tour shirt while making her stew. She's fashioned it into a fitting crop top, and it's the perfect cap for this perfect scene. The shirts are long sold out, but we're willing to bet Yellowstone had no trouble procuring one for the episode (obviously).
For more from the bunkhouse boys on Season 4, be sure to check out the full Stories from the Bunkhouse below. It's a damn good time, as always. As is our Bunkhouse Breakdown, in which Outsider dishes on Teeter's Thanksgiving, too.
https://youtu.be/3sivxcwVKBU?t=443
Video can't be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: Stories from the Bunkhouse (Ep. 24) | Yellowstone | Paramount Network (https://youtu.be/3sivxcwVKBU?t=443)
Denim Richards takes us to school with a lesson in "Bethonomics 101." Yellowstone airs Sundays at 8/7c on Paramount Network, in partnership with Ram Trucks.


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Keyword Analysis & Research: aana anesthesia
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What is my Aana number?
American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology 222 South Prospect Avenue Park Ridge, Illinois 60068-4001 Phone: 855-526-2262 (toll-free); 847-692-7050
What is the average salary of an anesthesia nurse?
Depending on the work setting and state where they are employed, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that the mean average nurse anesthetist salary in 2020 was $189,190. In comparison, the median average annual salary for an RN in 2020 was $75,330 , less than half the earning potential of a CRNA.
How long does it take to become a nurse anesthetist?
2-3 Years – Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Program. The usual length of time for the CRNA program is about 24 to 36 months of full-time study. However, taking a part-time or online program may entail an additional semester(s) for the program.
How much does a nurse anesthetist make?
According to 2020 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, nurse anesthetists earn an average salary of $189,190 per year ($90.96 per hour). The estimate will vary depending on where you work and the state where you are employed.
Search Results related to aana anesthesia on Search Engine
Dec 22, 2021 · Call the AANA Peer Assistance Helpline 24/7 for live, confidential, and individualized help and support for yourself or a CRNA/SRNA colleague: 800-654-5167 AANA® is a registered trademark of the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology
All About Anesthesia - AANA
https://www.aana.com/patients/all-about-anesthesia
Anesthesia is freedom from pain. Each year, millions of people in the United States undergo some form of medical treatment requiring anesthesia. Anesthesia, in the hands of qualified professionals like Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs), is a safe and effective means of alleviating pain during nearly every type of medical procedure.
Fellows of the AANA - AANA | American Association of …
https://www.aana.com/membership/faana
As a Fellow of the AANA, you are recognized as one of the most accomplished leaders in the profession of nurse anesthesiology. Earning the FAANA designation is a major career achievement that recognizes CRNAs as outstanding practitioners, educators, researchers, and advocates for the profession.
https://www.aana.com/contact-us
nurse.org
https://nurse.org/resources/nurse-anesthetist/
crnaprograms.org
http://www.crnaprograms.org/crna-program-length/
herzing.edu
https://www.herzing.edu/salary/nurse-anesthetist


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Spider-Man: Every Movie Villain Ranked Worst To Best Bo Office
Even considering how many great characters Marvel Comics have created over the years, there are very few that can claim to be as popular and well-crafted as Spider-Man, the young and eager superhero who also happens to be a young photographer and student called Peter Parker.
Debuting in 1962, Spider-Man has endured numerous creative changes to become a hero as beloved and recognisable as DC's Batman and fellow Marvel staples Captain America, the X-Men, and the Fantastic Four.
Since he's such hot product, Spidey has made his way to the big screen on numerous occasions, first being portrayed by Tobey Maguire in a trilogy of films from visionary director Sam Raimi, then in two ill-fated rebooted movies starring Andrew Garfield, and most recently in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, where he's brought to life by Tom Holland.
These films have varied wildly in quality, and so too have the villains forced to face-off with Marvel's resident Wall-crawler. As this list will show, a lot of what makes a Spider-Man movie great - or, as the case may be, terrible - lies with how effectively its villains are brought to life.
With that in mind, then, and in celebration of the recent release of Spider-Man: No Way Home, here are all of Spider-Man's major movie villains ranked worst to best. Spoilers follow.
1. Rhino (The Amazing Spider-Man 2)
One of the many flaws 2014's The Amazing Spider-Man 2 suffers from is its overload of rushed-out and derivative villains, the worst of which by an absolute mile is surely Paul Giamatti's laughably bad Rhino.
Turning up in full costume only briefly in the film's sequel-baiting final moments, Rhino is given no development and little characteristics outside of Paul Giamatti's over-the-top and borderline offensive attempt at a Russian accent.
Add to these misgivings the awful suit of armour and the complete lack of stakes his involvement creates, and it's a genuine wonder anyone thought bringing in Rhino like this was a good idea. The only positive is that he's thankfully low on screen time - though not nearly low enough, all things considered.
2. Shocker 1 (Spider-Man: Homecoming)
A member of Adrian Toomes' secret criminal enterprise, Jackson Brice was portrayed as cocky and enthusiastic to get his hands dirty, so much so he suffered a power trip after briefly clashing with Spider-Man and taking the mantle of Shocker.
Armed with a powerful ultron blaster gun, Brice gets one fleeting scene to cause some damage before he pushes his luck and gets vaporised by his boss, leaving him an easily forgotten plot device who feels like little more than an inconsequential bit-player created to show-off how brutal Toomes can be.
3. Scorpion & Tombstone (Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse)
Whilst it was an absolute joy to see two long-running Spidey villains get the big screen treatment in Into the Spider-Verse, the truth is that Scorpion and Tombstone act as little more than cannon fodder in the film's overarching action.
Acting as soldiers for Wilson Fisk, the duo are often seen together, and are given little characterisation outside of their loyalty to their boss and their desire to destroy Spider-Man.
Stylishly designed as they may be, there's nothing that separates Scorpion and Tombstone from the rest of the Web-crawler's adversaries, especially in a film that constantly overshadows them with its animation and fan-pleasing twists.
4. The Green Goblin (The Amazing Spider-Man 2)
In The Amazing Spider-Man 2, no promising character is as let-down by the script as Dane DeHaan's Harry Osborn, the best friend of Peter Parker who returns home after the death of his father and, through a nonsensical series of twists, becomes one of the film's many unengaging villains.
Between DeHaan's gloomy performance, the make-up he's given for his Green Goblin get-up, and the way his entire development is rushed through so Spidey has more to face, Osborn is an egregious waste of potential in a movie with far too many.
Watching the Green Goblin here, it becomes clearer than ever why The Amazing Spider-Man saga imploded following its sophomore effort. With no time to grow, Harry Osborn becomes yet another overblown villain no one really cares about.
Taking the mantle of Shocker from the recently-deceased Jackson Brice, Herman Schultz acts as Adrian Toomes' trusting right-hand throughout Homecoming, and proves to be a much more formidable villain than his predecessor.
Thanks in equal measure to Bokeem Woodbine's enjoyable performance and Schultz's effective clashes with Spider-Man, what Shocker lacks in power he more than makes up for in entertainment value.
He doesn't get a lot of time to grow and never becomes more than a generic sidekick, but he serves his purpose well enough until the end.
6. Tinkerer (Spider-Man: Homecoming)
Criminally underused as he may be, Phineas Mason is one of Homecoming's most undervalued and vital antagonists, creating much of the weapons and technology Vulture uses to run his criminal enterprise.
Played as a loyal but timid engineer with great intellect, Tinkerer gets little time to grow into a fully-formed character despite his value, but even so without him much of Vulture's plans would've fallen through big time.
Given the fact that his fate in Homecoming is left ambiguous, here's to hoping he gets the chance to make a more lasting impression somewhere down the line.
7. Kingpin (Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse)
Wilson Fisk is one of Spider-Man's deadliest foes, a ruthlessly powerful crime lord known as the Kingpin of Crime, who runs a vast criminal empire within the New York underworld.
Despite this potential, though, and the fact that Kingpin is so brilliantly performed in the live-action series Daredevil by Vincent D'Onofrio, Into the Spider-Verse decides to make Fisk a generic criminal with none of the complexity and contradictions that make him such a remarkable antagonist in other media.
He's by no means entirely terrible, mainly because Into the Spider-Verse is such an astounding film, but even when he's causing some serious damage it's hard to overlook the fact that he isn't that interesting, and lacks compelling depth.
8. Venom (Spider-Man 3)
There are a lot of things wrong with Spider-Man 3, the final and most inescapably disappointing instalment to Sam Raimi's 2000s Spidey trilogy, and one of its biggest failings comes from the way it set-ups its villains (much like The Amazing Spider-Man 2 would do again a few years down the line).
No antagonist suffers more from the film's overstuffed script than Eddie Brock, an arrogant photographer who's meant to mirror Peter Parker's moral persona and highlight the damage the Venom symbiote can cause in the wrong hands.
Thanks to the woefully misguided casting of Topher Grace and the heavy-handed drama of the film, though, little of Venom's potential is realised. Brock's development is rushed and whittled down to predictable clichés, and Grace's performance does little to sell his growing menace. On the plus side, he at least looks pretty cool.
9. Prowler (Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse)
Voiced by Mahershalla Ali, Aaron Davis acts as one of the key emotional cores of Into the Spider-Verse. The uncle of Miles Morales, Davis moonlights as Prowler, a trusted and ruthless enforcer for Wilson Fisk.
His familial bond to Spider-Man makes Prowler an engaging villain thanks to the dramatic irony of his actions. He spends the movie trying to kill the webslinger, but eventually calls his allegiances into question when he learns his nephew's under the mask.
Despite not being given the amount of screen time or development he really deserved, Prowler served his purpose well, acting as both Miles's version of Uncle Ben and a deadly supervillain with affecting results.
10. Electro (The Amazing Spider-Man 2)
As the primary antagonist of The Amazing Spider-Man 2, Jamie Foxx has to do a lot of heavy lifting as Max Dillon, an ingenious engineer with terrible hair and ill-fitting glasses who's turned into supervillain Electro after falling into a tank of electric eels.
Despite the obvious talents of Foxx, though, Electro falls incredibly flat throughout the movie, mainly because Foxx himself leans into exaggeration and Dillon never feels like a fully fleshed-out character with believable traits or development.
And that's not getting into his blue appearance, which is so ghastly it comes across like an eyesore reject from Batman & Robin. The only reason he ranks higher than previous villains here is because his final fight with Spider-Man is fairly exciting, and his recent involvement in No Way Home is genuinely brilliant.
11. The Lizard (The Amazing Spider-Man)
Though fans never got a chance to see Dylan Baker's version of Curt Connors from the Raimi trilogy take the form of The Lizard, The Amazing Spider-Man brought the character to the big screen with a quick recasting and mixed results.
Played by Rhys Ifans, who recently reprised his role in No Way Home, Connors is given a sympathetic but ultimately rushed backstory, before turning him into a generic CGI monster with little humanity or defining features.
That's not to say he's all bad, of course, since he gets some decent action beats to work with and Ifans does a commendable job to overcome the film's convolution, but there's no denying that The Lizard is a middle-of-the-road Spidey villain through-and-through, easily forgotten if entertaining enough in the moment.
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Coming up this Shabbat at Ben David
May 25 - Message by Doug Friedman:
"Here Comes the Judge"
Paul's "2nd" letter to the Corinthians is filled with arguments calling for changed behavior on the part of the Corinthian Congregation. Now, in the final chapter, Paul switches from arguments to warnings. But his summation reveals something else entirely. Come and hear the heart of a true Apostle!
September 29 - Simchat Torah
The Joy of the Torah - Morning Service
Concluding the annual Torah reading and beginning anew.
Join us celebrating God's word.
Saturday, September 8 - Rosh HaShanah Messianic Service at 10:30am.
Rosh HaShanah, also known as the Jewish New Year, is called in the Bible the Feast of Trumpets, or, in Hebrew, Zicharon Teruah, the Day of Memorial of Blowing.
Rosh HaShanah (literally, Head of the Year) occurs on the first day of the Jewish month of Tishrei.
Please join us for the morning service on Saturday, September 8, at 10:30am and celebrate this Biblical Holy Day and its Messianic significance.
Wednesday, September 19 - Yom Kippur Messianic Service at 10:30am:
Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement, occurs on the tenth of Tishrei, it is to be a "Shabbat of solemn rest."
Please join us for the morning service on Wednesday, September 19, for this Messianic Service at 10:30am.
Saturday, September 22 - Sukkot Service at 10:30am:
Join us for a Sukkot celebration.
- Morning Service followed by Oneg in the Sukkah.
Shabbat Zachor, the Shabbat of Remembrance
On the Shabbat before Purim, Jews throughout the world will turn their attention to two special readings in Deuteronomy and Samuel, describing how the ancient nation of Amalek attacked our ancestors in the desert. These readings come before Purim because Haman was the descendent of Agag, King of Amalek.
Deuteronomy 25:17-19: "Remember what Amalek did to you by the way, when you came out of Egypt. How he met you by the way, and struck at your rear, all who were feeble behind you, when you were faint and weary; and he did not fear God. Therefore it shall be, when the Lord your God has given you rest from all your enemies around, in the land which the Lord your God gives you for an inheritance to possess, that you shall blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven; you shall not forget it."
Not only was the attack unprovoked, but it came at a time when the people were faint and weary. Shabbat Zachor - the Sabbath of Remembrance - is so named because we are commanded to remember the heinous deeds committed by Amalek. Our memories as victims of violence and persecution are a two-edged sword, though. We sometimes find that many of our people have accumulated emotions of hate and vengeance against whoever belongs to a nation or group which has hurt us. We sometimes hear expressions of anger, following murderous attacks. Feelings of rage and the desire for revenge are natural and understandable in moments of crisis, and one cannot be judged in his or her moment of anguish.
But it seems that this mitzvah has a different meaning, because the Torah does not "command" us to feel that which is naturally felt. The Torah does not enjoin us to love our children, for example, we do that naturally. On the other hand, it does charge us to "love the stranger." With this commandment to remember the deeds of Amalek, Torah seems to command us to make every effort not to be contaminated by the actions like those of Amalek and the tendency to respond to violence with violence and stain our souls and minds with violence.
Our God asked to "love your neighbor as yourself" and "love your enemies" but our mind, clouded by our sinful nature, cannot comprehend the full magnitude of this commandment, thus, at least we have to remember not to be like Amalek and darken our souls by hate. Justice is enough.
Hanukkah Celebration
December 8 - Hanukkah Celebration at 4:00pm
Come, celebrate Hanukkah with us.
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- Latkes & Sufganiyot
PLEASE NOTE: There will be no morning service.
Coming up at Ben David - Purim
March 3 - Purim Celebration:
Join us for a fun filled Purim Celebration: costumes, parade, children's program, joyful music, insightful sermon, and an Oneg with delicious hamantaschen. Purim is the last event of the biblical calendar and symbolizes the ultimate victory over evil.
Hamantaschen Baking Contest:
Bring two dozen of your homemade hamantaschen before the service to enter the contest. Prizes will be awarded at the Oneg.
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Q: How to rewrite the intersection of one set with the the union of some arbitrary number of other sets. This question stems from this statement contained in an answer to a different question:

Observe that $P(A\setminus B)=P(A)-P(A\cap B)$. Therefore
$$ \begin{aligned}
 P\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n+1}A_i\right)&=P\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^n
 A_i\right)+P\left(A_{n+1}\setminus\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right)\\
 &=P\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right)+P(A_{n+1})-P\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^n
 (A_i\cap A_{n+1})\right). \end{aligned} $$

Ok, so what I don't understand is how the last doesn't read
$$=P\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right)+P(A_{n+1})-P\left(A_{n+1}\cap(\bigcup_{i=1}^n
 A_i) \right)$$
based on the "observe that" statement in the preface. If these are equivalent statements, my question is how do I understand and show that? It seems like the author of the answer skipped a pretty big step (at least for someone like me).

A: Intersections and unions distribute over each other: e.g.
$$ \bigcup_{\iota \in I} (X_i \cap Y) = \left( \bigcup_{\iota \in I} X_i \right) \cap Y$$
for any set $Y$ and family of sets $X_i$.

A: i apologise if this isn't helpful but i think this wouldnt be counted as a comment either.
but your first line
$$ \begin{aligned}
 P\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n+1}A_i\right)&=P\left(\bigcup_{i=1}^n
 A_i\right)+P\left(A_{n+1}\setminus\bigcup_{i=1}^n A_i\right)\\
 \end{aligned} $$
so lets think of it in a different way. let $E = A_{n+1}$ and $F=\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}A_{i}$
then what we have is
$$P(F \cup E)= P(F)+P(E \setminus F)$$
which by youre own statement you accept.
applying the arguement: $P(A\setminus B)=P(A)-P(A\cap B)$
gives
$$P(F \cup E)= P(F)+P(E)-P(E \cap F)$$
which again makes sense as this is just the inclusion-exclusion principle. we know that intersections and unions are distributive so
$$P(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}A_{i}) \cup A_{n+1})= P(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n+1}A_{i})= P(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}A_{i})+P(A_{n+1})-P(A_{n+1} \cap (A_{1}\cup A_{2}\cup ...\cup A_{n}))$$
$$= P(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}A_{i})+P(A_{n+1})-P((A_{n+1} \cap A_{1})\cup (A_{n+1} \cap A_{2})\cup ...\cup A_{n+1} \cap A_{n}))$$
$$=P(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}A_{i})+P(A_{n+1})-P(\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}(A_{n+1}\cap A_{i}))$$


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Man Achieves 3 Amazing Career Milestones as a Navy SEAL, Doctor, and Astronaut
Home / Art
Art History: The Evolution of Landscape Painting and How Contemporary Artists Keep It Alive
By Kelly Richman-Abdou on May 28, 2017
In the contemporary realm of painting, artists often dabble in styles inspired by past artistic movements. One genre that has particularly strong roots in the past is landscape painting. Today, contemporary artists who work in this style visually demonstrate the ways in which their work has been inspired by the age-old genre, which is characterized by an interest in portraying nature. To see these influences and learn about landscape art, it is important to understand the ways in which artists—both of the past and present—creatively approach it.
What is landscape painting?
Landscape painting (or landscape art) refers to an artistic genre defined by a focus on natural scenery as subject matter. Landscape paintings can depict a variety of settings, such as mountains, forests, rivers, and beaches. They often offer a wide view of the scene, and usually place some focus on the sky.
Artists choose landscapes as their subjects for a variety of reasons. In addition to wanting to represent or replicate their obvious beauty, some artists opt to create these depictions to study and explore various aesthetic elements, like light, color, and texture. Additionally, some artists also use scenes of nature as a way to tell a story, illustrate an idea, or conceptualize a metaphor.
Tracing the genre's evolution and looking at well-known landscape paintings throughout history enables one to visually recognize these differences and understand where contemporary landscape painters may find their inspiration.
Famous Landscape Art Throughout History
Giorgione, The Tempest (c. 1505)
Giorgione [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
In this Italian Renaissance painting, Giorgione places equal emphasis on the figures in the foreground and the stormy scene in which they are set. Even with such prominent characters, this piece is considered a prime example of early landscape painting.
EL Greco, View of Toledo (c. 1506-1600)
El Greco [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
Like much of El Greco's work, View of Toledo offers an atmospheric study of the sky. Unlike his other pieces, however, this painting portrays a landscape—not a portrait—in the foreground.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Monthly Cycle, Scene: The Hunters in the Snow (1565)
Pieter Brueghel the Elder [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
This Northern Renaissance painting is one in a series of works that conveys the different times of year. It demonstrates both the artist's interest in capturing the changing seasons and his profound sense of perspective and depth.
Claude Lorrain, Pastoral Landscape (1648)
Claude Lorrain [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Baroque painter Claude Lorrain is known for his idyllic portrayals of allegorical scenes rooted in either the bible or in classical mythology. Pastoral Landscape is one work that aptly conveys this interest. Notice the Roman ruins on the horizon!
Thomas Gainsborough, Portrait of Mr and Mrs Andrews (1749-1750)
Thomas Gainsborough [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Thomas Gainsborough's Portrait of Mr and Mrs Andrews presents the estate of a recently married couple. While the figures play a primary role in the piece, the landscape is also in focus. According to the National Gallery, "the emphasis on the landscape here allows Gainsborough to display his skills as a painter of convincingly changing weather and naturalistic scenery, still a novelty at this time."
Caspar David Friedrich, The Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog (1818)
Caspar David Friedrich [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
A key work from the Romantic period, this piece conveys the awe-inspiring and sublime characteristics of nature. Through the thick fog, jagged cliffs and rocky mountains topped with trees emerge in the distance. While a figure is featured in the center of the canvas, his back is to the viewer, redirecting his or her gaze to the backdrop.
John Constable, The Hay Wain (1821)
John Constable [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Constable is renowned for his paintings of the English countryside. The Hay Wain—a piece often cited as "Constable's most famous image"—conveys this favored subject matter. In the background, a cloudy sky is offset by bright green trees, while, in the foreground, horses are shown pulling a cart across a reflective river.
Katsushika Hokusai, South Wind, Clear Sky from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji (1830)
Katsushika Hokusai [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
South Wind, Clear Sky is 1 in a series of 36. Like its counterparts, this woodblock presents a unique view of Mount Fuji. In each distinct portrayal, Hokusai plays with color and perspective to offer a one-of-a-kind vantage point of the mountain.
Thomas Cole, View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm—The Oxbow (1836)
Thomas Cole [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Often referred to simply as The Oxbow, this piece by American artist Thomas Cole juxtaposes wild nature with an idyllic, pastoral setting. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cole experimented with this contrast in order to "emphasize the possibilities of the national landscape, pointing to the future prospect of the American nation."
J. M. W. Turner, Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway (1844)
J. M. W. Turner [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Like many works by J. M. W. Turner, Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway acts as both a beautiful landscape and a study of light, movement, and color. While, in this particular piece, the artist's focus is on capturing the speed of a train, the backdrop offers a show-stealing, nearly abstracted view of nature.
Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise (1872)
Claude Monet [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Painted by Claude Monet and showcased in the 1874 "Exhibition of the Impressionists,", Impression, Sunrise gave name to the Impressionist movement. The oil painting is set in Le Havre, France, and offers the artist's "impression" of the setting sun's effect on the water.
Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire (1885-1887)
Paul Cézanne [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Sainte-Victoire, a mountain in the South of France, remained Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne's preferred subject matter for years. In his series of oil paintings portraying the landform, he experiments with different views, color palettes, and perspectives to produce a comprehensive look at the mountain and its surrounding landscape. In this depiction from 1837, he frames the scene with trees in the foreground and a village in the distance.
Vincent van Gogh, Wheat Field with Cypresses (1889)
Vincent van Gogh [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Wheat Field with Cypresses by Vincent van Gogh features several motifs often explored by the artists in his landscape depictions. These include towering trees, swirling clouds, and rolling hills. In a letter to his brother, Theo, van Gogh describes the painting. "I have a canvas of cypresses with some ears of wheat, some poppies, a blue sky like a piece of Scotch plaid; the former painted with a thick impasto like the Monticelli's, and the wheat field in the sun, which represents the extreme heat, very thick too."
Contemporary Landscape Painting
Given the long and diverse history of landscape painting, it is not surprising that many artists still dabble in the genre today. As evident in this contemporary landscape painting collection, many creatives have taken cues from the past to create landscape art that is both evidently inspired and highly original.
See if you can spot any similarities between these pieces by contemporary landscape artists and those by key figures from the past.
Scott Naismith
Read more: Colorful Reinterpretations of Cloudy Scottish Landscapes
Clair Bremner
Read more: Exquisite Paintings Render the Beauty of Nature in Drips, Dots, and Dazzling Color
Crystal Liu
Read more: Meticulous Landscape Paintings Beautifully Represent Intangible Emotional States
Julian Onderdonk
Read more: Breathtaking Impressionist Paintings of Bluebonnets by Julian Onderdonk
Erin Hanson
Read more: Vibrant Landscape Paintings Use the Color Orange to Capture the Warm Glow of the American West
Read more: Energetic Landscape Paintings Portray Artist Erin Hanson's Love for National Parks
Hidenori Mitsue
Read more: Circular Oil Paintings Blur Landscape Details with Abstract Figures
Irena Kononova
Read more: Luminous Textured Landscape Paintings
Elena Efremova
Read more: Artist Creates Watercolor Paintings on Location and Aligns Them with Actual Landscape
Tian Haisu
Read more: Artist Creates Traditional Chinese Landscape Paintings Using Roller Skates
Yukari Kaihori
Read more: Quiet Landscape Paintings Remind Us to Cherish The Familiar
Adem Potas
Read more: Gorgeous Watercolor Paintings of the Diverse Landscapes Nature Has to Offer
Stevnn Hall
Read more: Impressionist-Inspired Landscapes Fuse Photography with Painting to Blur Fantasy and Reality
Kelly Richman-Abdou
Kelly Richman-Abdou is a Contributing Writer at My Modern Met. An art historian living in Paris, Kelly was born and raised in San Francisco and holds a BA in Art History from the University of San Francisco and an MA in Art and Museum Studies from Georgetown University. When she's not writing, you can find Kelly wandering around Paris, whether she's leading a tour (as a guide, she has been interviewed by BBC World News America and France 24) or simply taking a stroll with her husband and two tiny daughters.
Read all posts from Kelly Richman-Abdou
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