Eco-cities: who, what, where and why?
The term 'eco-cities' is synonymous with urban areas that, at scale, promote environmental preservation. However, decorating cities with boulevards and green buildings, as well as adopting energy- and waste-efficient technologies, are merely small parts of the modern eco-city. What do urbanists mean when they use this term; what socio-economic trends drive their development; and what do eco-cities need in order to function successfully?
One of the principles of eco-cities is a modal shift of private car usage to public transportation. Promoting cycling for short-distance trips can help to encourage that shift. Image © Dylan Passmore.
The concept of making cities environmentally sustainable is nothing new. In Europe and the US, the Garden City movement of the 1890s and the post-World War II New Town phenomenon were based on the idea of creating urban areas that merged contemporary and spacious housing with modern infrastructure and greenery. Both were seen as attempts to reinvent the city in the post-industrial era.
The term 'eco-city' surfaced in the 1970s, when a US-based movement known as Urban Ecology first used it. Founded in California, the group launched the journal, The Urban Ecologist. "An eco-city is an ecologically healthy city. That also means the city design is strongly informed by knowledge of ecology and its design principles," stated Richard Register, the publication's launch editor and person attributed with creating the term, in an interview with environmental magazine Treehugger.
However, many claim the term today depicts a city that adheres to the three core pillars of sustainability: environmental stewardship, social equality and economic prosperity. Flemming Borreskov, President of the International Federation of Housing and Planning and Member of the World Cities Summit International Advisory Group, is one such urbanist and he acknowledges the concept of the eco-city has progressed much over the last few decades.
"Today we know much more about designing and building eco-cities than we did in the 1990s. At that time sustainability was more or less about being environmentally sustainable. Today, however, sustainability is much more recognised and mainstream," Borreskov explains.
"We have come to recognise that sustainability has three dimensions: environment and resources; social and cultural cohesion; and economic and financial dimension. We have also realised that we should aim for creating cities for people – cities that are designed and built for the human scale and are vibrant," he adds.
Eco-cities come in all shapes and sizes. Research conducted in 2011 by the International Eco-Cities Initiative claims there are more than 170 such places globally, with this number set to rise over the next decade. Furthermore, the size, scale and types of eco-cities vary widely. In the developing world, for instance, purpose-built eco-cities are being built at breakneck pace, whereas in the West, urban regeneration is more common.
"Greenfield development and retrofitting both have their advantages and disadvantages. In the developed world of Europe, the US and Japan, greenfield is becoming rarer, so in these regions it is more about retrofitting. In the developing world of Asia and Latin America, greenfield development is happening in many places," notes Borreskov.
The urbanist names the IBA Hamburg project in Germany and Masdar City in the UAE. He says the former exemplifies a hybrid model that mixes retrofitting with building on new land, while the latter demonstrates the ability to build a sustainable city in a harsh desert climate.
It is widely accepted among urbanists that in order to be referred to as an eco-city, cities must embrace the three core pillars of sustainability.
However, behind these principals, a host of other factors influence the modern eco-city. Affordability and demand on the parts of the general public and government policymakers are two notable factors, as are energy- and resource-efficiency and land conservation.
"People want eco-cities only if they can choose freely and can afford to pay for them. Wise politicians and business people listen to their constituents and clientele, and strive to deliver what the people want. As energy prices go up eco-cities will become more competitive. In addition, land scarcity is also driving up prices on building rights, making the densification process unavoidable," says Borreskov.
There are seemingly countless facets to facilitating the modern eco-city. These range from manpower, to planning and government policies. Investment from both the public and private sectors is arguably the most important requirement, as without the capital to either retrofit or build a city from scratch any such plan remains just that – a plan.
In the developing world, initiatives that partner the public and private sector have facilitated the development of eco-cities. In China, for instance, eco-cities like the Tianjin Eco-city exemplify the joint efforts of not only the public and private sector, but also how national governments can work with one another with the assistance of private corporations.
In the developed world, private-public partnerships (PPPs), where governments back a project that is supported by corporations, are common. In the developing world, this model of financing is often not as attractive to investors, due to regulatory and performance risks.
"The public-private partnership is a fairly new model for financing municipal affairs [in China], combining the advantages of top-down guidance and bottom-up innovation," remarks Dr Qiu Baoxing, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, People's Republic of China.
"However, with legal uncertainties and constraints that result from this, it is still premature to promote PPPs as a means of financing sustainable cities," Qiu adds. The Vice Minister believes the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model, where the private sector provides the upfront capital and investment for a concession and which over time hands the project over to the public sector, to be a more suitable financing model.
To make eco-cities a safe investment, governments must ensure they are economically viable, as both the public and private sectors are today more stringent regarding capital expenditure than they have been in past decades.
"Eco-cities have to focus more on economic sustainability in the light of today's economic glut, just as everyone else has to, whether we are talking about businesses or city-governments, or national governments for that matter. We have to do more with fewer financial means. It is not going to be easy, but it is imperative that we continuously work on this dimension as well," argues Borreskov.
Technology is another key enabler of the present-day eco-city. Indeed, it is through technological development that cities are able to become more energy-and resource-efficient; to set up transportation systems and networks that move people and goods from one destination to another more quickly, using less fuel; to design and construct buildings and public areas that are socially, environmentally and economically viable; and which allow businesses and residents to go about their daily activities in a more efficient manner.
"Smart-city technology has helped spur the development of today's eco-cities. It is much more than just the advent of the Internet. The smart-city concept is about management of traffic, electricity, water, sewage, waste and many other things. We have only seen the tip of the iceberg. Over the next 10 to 20 years this is going to revolutionise our way of designing and managing cities," remarks Borreskov.
Public acceptance of eco-cities is paramount to their future success, as it is people that must live and work in these places. Listening to the needs of residents and the business community is thus a key prerequisite to any eco-city venture. Furthermore, developers must also be wary that opinions change and living expectations continuously rise.
In failing to meet the requirements of those that live and work in eco-cities, their administrators increase the risk of economic, social and environmental degradation – the very attributes the eco-city is designed to counter.
Educating both the public and potential investors about the benefits of eco-cities is difficult admits Borreskov. "The biggest challenge confronting the development of today's eco-cities is the human mind. Human beings tend to want what we have seen and what we know, and we have difficulty buying into something new and unknown," he claims.
The concept of the eco-city has progressed much since its inception in the 1970s. It has moved from being an urban area characterised by environmentally friendly attributes, to one that also promotes social and economic uplift.
Despite their proliferation, the make-up and characteristics of eco-cities differ widely. Indeed, it could be argued that no two eco-cities are the same, when considering traits like geographical topology and climate. The majority of eco-cities in the West are retrofits that are designed to rejuvenate century-old dwellings that have experienced economic degradation. Conversely, a large number of purpose-built projects can be found in the developing world, where suitable land is less scarce and where the need to 'start from scratch' is more pressing. Furthermore, the size and scale of projects vary significantly, irrespective of where they are located.
Regardless of where an eco-city is located, its success is subject to non-urban factors. Principal among these are financing, technological advancements, public buy-in and robust governance.
Yet arguably the most significant aspect of eco-cities is their growth potential. Eco-cities could play in the role of helping combat the impact and stresses of urban – and therefore global – population growth and climate change.
The world's population is set to reach 9.7 billion by 2050 – up from 7.2 billion in 2012. That global population will be a vastly urban one. According to World Atlas, eco-cities today account for around only 4% of the world's more than 4,400 cities with a population of more than 150,000. The opportunity for eco-cities to play a greater role in housing residents and businesses is immense.
This article was first published in February 2014. All images contained within this page are used with license and shall not be copied, modified, or reproduced.


Allen Meadows made the shift from finance to fine wine. He is the definitive, independent voice of Burgundy and it's leading expert and critic. Allen Meadows is the Burghound and publishes Burghound.com a quarterly review, and online site for Burgundy and pinot enthusiasts. Allen just published his new book "Burgundy Vintages, A History from 1845", an essential reference book for Burgundy enthusiasts. Allen also covers California, Oregon, and some Champagne.
Photo courtesy of Erica Meadows.


text:
Q: Add npm install script in package.json file? "scripts": {
    "dev": "next dev",
    "build": "next build",
    "start": "next start",
    "install": "npm install"         //Creates a loop and tries to run `npm install` continuously.
  },

I would like to have this script so that I can just just click on the icon/option in my IDE as shown below instead of executing npm install in the terminal to install packages.

A: Rename the install script to something else, like setup.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This page describes how to compile both ttfautohint and ttfautohintGUI on Mac OS X.
If you have MacPorts and are comfortable with it, you can install ttfautohint (together with libttfautohint) and ttfautohintGUI quite easily.
Enter your Mac login password, then press the return key again. This installs the currently released version.
followed by an appropriate set of arguments as detailed in the usage documentation.
instead of the above installation command. Enter your Mac login password, then press the return key again. This installs the currently released version using the Qt5 framework. If you want to use the Qt4 framework (for example, if you have a MacOS version that is not supported by Qt5), replace +qt5 with +qt4 in the above command.
from the Terminal app to start the GUI.
Warning 1: Since autumn 2018, Homebrew tries to avoid package options. As a consequence, I had the choice between ttfautohint or ttfautohintGUI being part of core Homebrew – I decided to stay with the former. See below if you need ttfautohintGUI.
Warning 2: Homebrew only supports recent MacOS versions (i.e., the current one and two older releases). For older MacOS versions please use MacPorts, see above.
If you have Homebrew and are comfortable with it, you can install ttfautohint (together with libttfautohint) and ttfautohintGUI quite easily.
instead of calling brew upgrade ttfautohint (cf. this homebrew tracker issue).
before installing from the tap to avoid interferences.
A simple solution to automatically compile ttfautohint (but not ttfautohintGUI) is Chris Simpkins's ttfautohint-build script.
If you don't have Homebrew or MacPorts, you should check out one of these two package managers because both are extremely useful and automate all ttfautohint build dependency installs for you. But supposing you don't want to use them, you can install the command line executable ttfautohint and the ttfautohint GUI on Mac OS X from scratch.
Following the instructions below, everything except XCode and Qt gets installed into the '/usr/local/' directory tree. You should thus prepend '/usr/local/bin' to your path now (so that the new programs and scripts get found before the system ones). See here, for example, how to do that easily. It is possible to change the default installation directory hierarchy, though; please read the generic GNU installation instructions for more.
We start by installing XCode from the App Store, and then the Command Line Tools. Instructions are at https://guide.macports.org/chunked/installing.html#installing.xcode.
Another preliminary is pkg-config, which is a helper tool to get library information for both compilation and linking.
Create a folder in your Home folder called 'src'.
In your browser, download https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases/pkg-config-0.29.2.tar.gz.
In Finder, go to your Downloads folder and double click the pkg-config-0.29.2.tar.gz file to unpack it into a folder named 'pkg-config-0.29.2'. Move that folder now into the src folder you created in your Home folder.
and press the return key. Enter your Mac login password, then press the return key again.
Next we install FreeType, the system that ttfautohint is based on.
In your browser, download https://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/freetype2/2.10.0/freetype-2.10.0.tar.gz/download.
In Finder, go to your Downloads folder and double click the freetype-2.10.0.tar.gz file to unpack it into a folder named 'freetype-2.10.0'. Move that folder now into the src folder you created in your Home folder.
This library is also used by ttfautohint to handle OpenType features in TrueType fonts.
In your browser, download https://www.freedesktop.org/software/harfbuzz/release/harfbuzz-2.4.0.tar.bz2.
In Finder, go to your Downloads folder and double click the harfbuzz-2.4.0.tar.bz2 file to unpack it into a folder named 'harfbuzz-2.4.0'. Move that folder now into the src folder you created in your Home folder.
This step is optional and only required if you intend to install ttfautohintGUI (the GUI version of ttfautohint). These steps install the Qt libraries for ttfautohint's Graphical User Interface.
With your browser, download the latest 'Qt Libraries for Mac' .dmg file from https://qt.io/download and install Qt in the normal way. Currently, a direct link is https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/5.12/5.12.2/qt-opensource-mac-x64-5.12.2.dmg.
We are almost finished. Visit https://freetype.org/ttfautohint and in the download section, download the latest version of the source code. Currently the direct link is https://sourceforge.net/projects/freetype/files/ttfautohint/1.8.3/ttfautohint-1.8.3.tar.gz/download.
In Finder, go to your Downloads folder and double click the ttfautohint-1.8.3.tar.gz file to unpack it into a folder named 'ttfautohint-1.8.3'. Move the ttfautohint-1.8.3 folder to the src folder in your Home folder.
To include the GUI version of ttfautohint in the installation, use the following command.
To install only the ttfautohint command line executable (without the GUI version of ttfautohint), use the following command.
followed by a press to the return key. As above, enter your Mac login password, then press the return key again. You will see a bunch of text rolling through the Terminal app.
After pressing the return key, you should now see the GUI!
This page is maintained by Werner Lemberg, based on instructions written by David Crossland and Chris Simpkins.


Working with Cloud Nine Consulting gave me the chance to be challenged in our assumptions and see our IT from a very different perspective. With Cloud Nine, your business will improve with the discussion, you will see new opportunities for saving on costs, eliminating downtime and new solutions for your current problems. From a personal point of view, Cloud Nine are like partners. They really feel like part of your team. It has been a very enriching experience.


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Launched in 2011, the Eon is one of the best-selling cars from the Hyundai stable. Aimed at the budget customers, this is undoubtedly one of the best-looking vehicles in its segment with amazing specifications. The flowing futuristic looks inspired by the fluidic design language lend a stylish appearance to the car. The long swept-back headlamps, neatly-designed fog lamp scoops on the bumper, greatly detailed grille, creased bonnet, and muscular body with design lines flowing right from the headlamps to the tail make the car flaunt a unique look. Compact and aggressive, the Eon sports body coloured bumpers and tubeless tyres. Steel rims are painted in black and covered with a 10 spoke Hyundai's signature diamond cut type wheel cover. It is the arguably the best-looking entry-level hatchback that flaunts design lines with meticulous attention to details. The neat chrome strip adorning the Hyundai logo gives it a sporty look. The rear profile is characterized by large tail lamps, wide rear glass, and the rear bumper is quite meaty but a size bigger than necessary, also making the boot less accessible by that much. The exhaust pipe is neatly hidden underneath the rear bumper, allowing for a neat layout.
The well thought-out interior not only boasts of ample legroom and headroom, but also flaunts premium quality material. The black and beige layout, spread out dashboard and a V-shaped centre console are its main highlights. The instrument cluster features a large circular pod that houses the speedometer and a MID at the bottom, displaying the odometer, trip meter, and shift indicator. There are two small circular pods on either side that display the fuel level and engine temperature gauges. The steering wheel gets a first-in-segment tilt adjustment. The centre console houses the middle AC vents and a 2 DIN audio system and air conditioning controls. Other utility based features in the cabin include, glove box, rear parcel tray, bottle holders, door pockets, cup holders, etc. With a boot space of 215 litres, the Hyundai Eon offers ample space for the price it comes at. The car gets integrated music system with many advanced features, including radio, CD player, AUX-in, ipod connectivity, and USB. There are also ma pockets and floor console storage for additional space. The gear shift indicator and front power windows are other prime aspects.
The Hyundai Eon is now available in two petrol engine options- 0.8L irdi engine and 1.0L Kappa engine. The former is powered by an 814cc, 3-cylinder petrol engine that puts out 55bhp of maximum power at 5500rpm and 76Nm of maximum torque at 4000rpm. It is best suited for city driving. The throttle response is low and power delivery is not bad. The engine responds nicely to short bursts to acceleration and can cruise in the highways around 120kmph minus any inconvenience. Hyundai also added the 1.0litre Kappa engine to the Eon range, powered by a 998cc, 3-cylinder petrol engine that makes 68bhp at 6200rpm and a peak torque of 94Nm at 3500rpm. Mated to a 5-speed manual gearbox, the Eon 1.0L is for those who feel that the 0.8L is a bit slow. The Eon returns a phenomenal 21.1kmpl, as per the ARAI.
The safety equipments include, single side driver airbag, impact beams on the doors and floor, self-restraining seatbelts, child safety lock, remote control security system, etc. The top trim also features fog lamps and engine immobilizer, which are generally not seen in this segment. It comes with disc brakes in the front and drum brakes at the rear. The handling of Eon, owing to its small wheelbase, is remarkably good for its segment. the short turning radius enables the car to do quick moves in traffic or narrow roads. It promises a decent ride quality, thanks to the gas-tyre shock absorbers and McPherson struts. There is also good amount of body roll present due to soft suspensions, which are tuned to give maximum comfort to the occupants.
Fantastic looks with impressive styling that has aged well.
The interiors have a premium feel with good quality of materials and high levels of fit and finish.
Steering does not weigh up well at highway speeds, failing to instill confidence in the driver.
The noise and vibration levels are high.
Wider tyre upgrade should be made.
Hyundai Eon is certainly eons ahead of what the Alto offers and is almost head on with the Renault Kwid. It is not only great-looking, but also promises best-in-class build quality, good fuel economy, and several features. It does a neat job of going around the city traffic without any drama. Hyundai has been a master at manufacturing small cars in India, and the EON is surely a complete package. With class leading dimensions and features, it is a game changer, especially for first time car buyers.


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Jonathan Paul Manziel, dit « Johnny Manziel » et surnommé « Johnny Football », né le  à Tyler, est un joueur professionnel américain de football américain et de football canadien qui évolue au poste de quarterback.

Il a évolué pendant deux années avec les Browns de Cleveland en National Football League (NFL), et par la suite avec les Tiger-Cats de Hamilton et les Alouettes de Montréal en Ligue canadienne de football (LCF).

Après un passage en Alliance of American Football en 2019 où il joue pour les , il cesse ses activités professionnelles et rejoint en 2021 l'équipe semi-professionnelle de football américain en salle des Zappers évoluant au sein de la .

Biographie

Jeunesse
Johnny Manziel naît le  à Tyler dans le Texas de l'union de John Paul Manziel et Michelle, tous deux barmans. Son arrière-grand-père paternel, Bobby Manziel, est né en Syrie en 1908 avant d'émigrer aux États-Unis où il a fait fortune dans l'exploitation de champs pétrolifères jusqu'à posséder entre autres plusieurs banques, hôtels et journaux.

Dans sa jeunesse, sa famille habite près du seizième trou d'un parcours de golf de Tyler avant de déménager à Kerrville. Aisée, la famille joue des parties de quatre trous ensemble la majorité des après-midi, Johnny avec sa mère opposés à son père et sa sœur, Meri.

Jeune, Johnny Manziel esquive les cours et évite les problèmes par son charisme. Son père fait un pacte avec son fils et lui promet de lui acheter une voiture s'il ne boit pas d'alcool lors de ses deux dernières années lycéennes. Une nuit d'été, un agent de sécurité sent l'alcool du mineur venu dans un magasin Walmart pour acheter un chargeur de téléphone, et appelle la police qu'il amène l'adolescent en cellule. Jugé, il est finalement sanctionné à dix heures de travail d'intérêt général.

Alors que toutes les universités doutent de sa taille, seuls les Ducks de l'Oregon de Chip Kelly semblent intéressés pour recruter le . Avec le coordinateur offensif de son lycée, Julius Scott, il apprend à regarder loin et à mieux identifier les défenses adverses, ce qui lui permet d'être récompensé meilleur  de l'État du Texas. Les Aggies de Texas A&M remarquent le joueur local et assistent à une performance de  et quatre  du lycéen qui les persuadent de lui offrir une bourse universitaire. Malgré les nombreuses lettres manuscrites de l'entraîneur principal des Ducks, Manziel choisit de rester proche de sa famille et opte pour le campus de l'université A&M du Texas.

Carrière universitaire

Lors de la saison 2011, le jeune  texan reste sur le banc de touche et prend de l'expérience avec le statut de  dans l'équipe dirigée par Mike Sherman. Lors du camp d'entraînement au début de la saison 2012, le débutant est en concurrence pour la place de titulaire des Aggies de Texas A&M avec Jameill Showers, Matt Joeckel et Matt Davis après le départ de Ryan Tannehill pour la National Football League. En juin, Johnny Manziel est arrêté lors d'une bagarre à l'extérieur d'un bar de College Station, donne une fausse carte d'identité à la police et est trop ivre pour répondre aux questions qui lui sont posées. Début août, il est nommé titulaire et devient le premier  , de première année, à débuter pour les Aggies depuis Stephen McGee en 2005.

En novembre, Manziel s'illustre contre les Crimson Tide de l'Alabama, équipe universitaire championne en titre, invaincue et classée  du pays, en passant pour  et en courant pour  dans une victoire , surprenant la défense adverse par sa capacité à prolonger les actions offensives de son équipe à la course. Trop confiants, les joueurs de l'Alabama sont surpris en début de match, le score est de  à l'avantage des coéquipiers de Manziel après le premier quart-temps qui, aidés par leur public, arriver à conserver leur avantage au coup de sifflet final.

Après la victoire contre Alabama, Manziel devient une vedette et ses sorties en public deviennent difficiles car il se fait constamment demander des autographes. Le joueur devient scruté, suivi, tout alimente la légende du phénomène de la saison comme la photographie d'identité judiciaire de son arrestation plus tôt dans l'année sur laquelle il est torse nu. Son assistant et manager, Nate, accuse Texas A&M d'alimenter les histoires, positives et négatives, autour de leur vedette pour avoir une plus grande présence médiatique. Ses parents, qui dénoncent l'utilisation de l'image de son fils par l'université pour générer des revenus, recrutent des gardes de sécurité privée pour encadrer Johnny.

Au terme de la saison régulière, Johnny Football guide les Aggies à un bilan de dix victoires pour deux défaites. Il devient le premier joueur  (première année universitaire) à remporter le trophée Heisman. Il reçoit également d'autres distinctions comme le Davey O'Brien Award et le Manning Award. Après la victoire de Texas A&M contre les Sooners de l'Oklahoma lors du Cotton Bowl, Manziel gagne son premier Bowl.

Pour la premier match de sa deuxième saison universitaire, Johnny Manziel est suspendu en première mi-temps pour avoir été rémunéré pendant l'été pour des sessions d'autographes interdites par le règlement de la NCAA. Ayant accumulé plus de  à la passe, couru pour près de  et inscrit un total de , il est un des joueurs offensifs les plus impressionnants de la saison 2013-2014, notamment en vertu de son jeune âge.

Carrière professionnelle

Browns de Cleveland (2014-2016)

Johnny Manziel est sélectionné en  par les Browns de Cleveland lors du  de la draft 2014 de la NFL, un choix soutenu par le propriétaire de la franchise, Jimmy Haslam. Ce choix de sélection est acquis par les Browns après un échange avec les Eagles de Philadelphie à qui ils envoient le choix de  et un choix de troisième tour, en . Un mois plus tard, Manziel est également sélectionné comme joueur de baseball en  par la franchise des Padres de San Diego lors du  tour lors de la draft 2014 de la MLB.

Sans surprise, Manziel poursuit sa carrière dans le football américain. Les attentes sont importantes pour Johnny Football dont la popularité aide les Browns de Cleveland à vendre des abonnements annuels et des maillots dans les heures qui suivent sa sélection. Dès ses premiers jours dans les rangs des Browns, une virée à Las Vegas étonnent les suiveurs de la franchise qui le questionnent sur ses habitudes festives. Après le camp d'entraînement avec les Browns, le jeune talent est annoncé en tant que remplaçant de Brian Hoyer pour le début de la saison NFL.

Il participe à cinq matchs des Browns lors de sa première année. En novembre, le jeune joueur est impliqué dans une dispute à deux heures du matin dans un hôtel de Cleveland pour laquelle la police est appelée. Après sa première saison dans la ligue, Johnny Manziel passe dix semaines en cure de désintoxication. Le club se dit publiquement surpris et déçu de l'attitude du jeune joueur qui fait la fête en continu, avec des célébrités comme Justin Bieber ou Drake.

En 2015, il joue lors de dix matchs, dont 6 comme titulaire. Cependant, son comportement hors du terrain lui cause des problèmes et il est laissé sur le banc une partie de la saison.

Accusé d'agression par son ancienne conjointe, Colleen Crowley, après la fin de la saison 2016, Johnny Manziel voit son agent Erik Burkhardt le quitter en février puis les Browns de Cleveland le libérer de son contrat en mars. Se retrouvant sans club, l'agent Drew Rosenhaus lui propose ses services mais sans réponse à son ultimatum de cinq jours pour que le joueur se fasse soigner et le voyant faire la fête sans retenue au Festival de Coachella, il l'abandonne à son tour quelques semaines plus tard.

En 2020, dans un podcast lors duquel il revient sur sa période avec les Browns de Cleveland, Johnny Manziel déclare qu'il était trop investi dans sa deuxième vie et pas assez sur le terrain lors de ses deux années avec les Browns et qu'il regrette d'avoir gâché une partie de la carrière de joueurs comme Joe Thomas par négligence.

Absent des terrains (2016-2018)
En , après un accident de voiture à Dallas, son père déclare publiquement que Johnny Football est toxicomane et qu'il espère voir son fils « faire un passage en prison pour sauver sa vie » après s'être évadé d'un centre de désintoxication plus tôt dans l'année. Une semaine plus tard, le joueur de football américain est suspendu quatre matchs par la NFL pour une violation du règlement de la ligue contre les substances interdites. En perdition, aucune équipe n'envisage de le recruter, il n'a plus d'agent et ses parents ont du mal à le contacter.

En , Johnny Manziel se déclare sobre et avoir arrêté toute consommation d'alcool et drogues. Le , il se fiance avec la mannequin américaine Bre Tiesi qu'il épouse en  lors d'une cérémonie privée. Séparé au début de l'année 2019, le couple divorce en décembre.

Lors d'une interview en , Manziel parle de ses problèmes personnels et déclare avoir été diagnostiqué d'un trouble bipolaire. Il déclare également s'être médicamenté avec de l'alcool parce qu'il croyait que cela le rendait heureux et l'aidait à sortir de la dépression.

Relance au Canada (2018-2019)
Après de longues négociations entamées en  et deux bons matchs en Spring League, Manziel signe en  un contrat de deux ans avec les Tiger-Cats de Hamilton évoluant en ligue canadienne de football. Néanmoins, il reste sur le banc lors des six premiers matchs de la saison régulière et le , il est échangé aux Alouettes de Montréal contre le  Chris Williams, le  Jamaal Westerman et deux choix de premier tour de draft (en 2020 et en 2022). Y ayant initialement été aligné comme titulaire, il subit une commotion qui l'envoie sur le banc pendant un mois. Il termine mieux la saison et comptabilise  et 5 TDs à la passe pour 7 interceptions en huit matchs. La presse canadienne ayant constamment parlé de lui au cours de la saison 2018, il reçoit le trophée du CFL.ca's Newsmaker of the Year.

Manziel aurait dû entrer en compétition avec Antonio Pipkin et Vernon Adams pour le poste de quarterback titulaire pour la saison 2019 de la LCF mais le , la LCF annonce que Manziel a violé les termes de son contrat ce qui le rend inéligible pour jouer au sein de la ligue. Il est dès lors libéré par les Alouettes.

Tentative en AAF (2019)
En , Johnny Manziel rejoint l'Alliance of American Football (AAF), une nouvelle ligue américaine qui tente de concurrencer la National Football League. L'objectif de l'AAF est de faire de l'ancien vainqueur du trophée Heisman l'une des attractions de la ligue pour sa saison inaugurale. Le nouveau joueur est réclamé par les  après que les Commanders de San Antonio aient passé leur tour. Une semaine après sa signature, Manziel joue sa première rencontre d'AAF et réussit trois passes en cinq tentatives dans une victoire en prolongation de son équipe. Le , le  est touché à la tête d'un coup de genou par un adversaire qui tente de le plaquer lors de la rencontre contre les .

Le , après huit semaines de compétition, l'AAF cesse ses activités pour des raisons financières. Manziel n'a joué que deux rencontres en AAF, aucun en entier, lors de la clôture de la ligue, et déclare publiquement de pas porter plainte contre l'AAF pour le non-paiement des salaires restants sur les contrats.

Vedette de la Fan Controlled Football (2020-)
Le , Manziel signe avec la , une nouvelle ligue de football américain en salle. Il est assigné aux , une équipe dont un de ses amis, Bob Menry, est un des deux propriétaires. Il explique qu'il a rejoint cette ligue par ennui et déclare qu'il ne trouve plus d'intérêt à jouer au football américain professionnel. Manziel joue avec parcimonie pour les Zappers et rate le match de la  à la suite de problèmes dentaires. Réalisant un mauvais match, il est remplacé au cours de la demi-finale des séries éliminatoires 2021. Le , Manziel annonce poursuivre sa carrière en FCF dans un rôle de joueur-entraîneur.

Statistiques

|-
| 2012 || Aggies de Texas A&M ||
| 13 || 434 || 295 || 68,0 ||  || 26 || 9 || 155,3 || 201 ||  || 7,0 || 21
|-
| 2013 || Aggies de Texas A&M ||
| 13 || 429 || 300 || 69,9 ||  || 37 || 13 || 172,9 || 144 || 749 || 5,3 || 9

| 26 || 863 || 595 || 68,9 ||  || 66 || 22 || 164,1 || 345 ||  || 6,3 || 30

| 2014 || Browns de Cleveland
| 5 || 35 || 18 || 51,4 || 175 || 0 || 2 || 42,0 || 9 || 29 || 3,2 || 1
|-
| 2015 || Browns de Cleveland
| 10 || 223 || 129 || 57,8 ||  || 7 || 5 || 79,4 || 37 || 230 || 6,2 || 0

| 15 || 258 || 147 || 57,0 ||  || 7 || 7 || 74,4 || 46 || 259 || 5,6 || 1

|-
| 2018 || Tiger-Cats de Hamilton
| 6* || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| 2018 || Alouettes de Montréal
| 8 || 165 || 106 || 64,2 ||  || 8 || 7 || 80,6 || 29 || 215 || 7,4 || 0

| 14 || 165 || 106 || 64,2 ||  || 8 || 7 || 80,6 || 29 || 215 || 7,4 || 0

Note : * Réserviste, il n'est pas monté au jeu pendant les .

|  || South || 1 || 15 || 9 || 60,0 || 82 || 1 || 0 || - || - || - || - || 0
|-
|  || South || 1 || 16 || 10 || 62,5 || 188 || 0 || 1 || - || - || - || - || 2

| 2 || 31 || 19 || 61,2 || 270 || 1 || 1 || - || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2

|-
| 2019 || Express de Memphis || 2 || 8 || 5 || 62,5 || 61 || 0 || 1 || 64,1 || 5 || 38 || 7,6 || 0

|-
| 2021 || Zappers de la FCF
| 3 || 27 || 14 || 51,8 || 133 || 1 || 0 || - || 13 || 104 || 10,4 || 2
|-
| 2022 || Zappers de la FCF
| ? || colspan="7" align="center" | Saison en cours || colspan="4" align="center" | Saison en cours

| 3 || 27 || 14 || 51,8 || 133 || 1 || 0 || - || 13 || 104 || 10,4 || 2

Johnny Manziel dans la culture populaire
Manziel a un tatouage sur le poignet droit indiquant OVO (), label du rappeur Drake, ami proche du joueur. En avril 2014, Drake sort le morceau Draft Day dans lequel il fait référence à Manziel.

Références

Naissance en décembre 1992
Naissance à Tyler (Texas)
Joueur américain de football américain
Joueur américain de football canadien
Joueur américain de baseball
Quarterback
Vainqueur du Trophée Heisman
Joueur de football américain des Aggies de Texas A&M
Choix de draft des Browns de Cleveland
Joueur des Browns de Cleveland
Joueur des Tiger-Cats de Hamilton
Joueur des Alouettes de Montréal
Vainqueur du Davey O'Brien Award
Vainqueur du Manning Award

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
PETER MCNEIL
Craigton Cemetery
Peter McNeil, brother of Moses, was only 17 back in 1872 when he and his friends formed Rangers Football Club. He was a trusted committee member, and a wise administrator during the Club's turbulent early years .
Research into our Founders has managed to locate Peter McNeil's Grand-Daughters who attended our Founders dinner at Ibrox in 2009 and the Grand-Daughter of Peter's brother James who is buried in the adjoining plot.
We have the full approval of both families on this project who have been kept up to date on developments.
Through Glasgow City Council and research at the Mitchell Library, we've established that James McNeil's Grand-Daughter Mrs. Elizabeth Pirie, who was a guest of the Club at Ibrox in December 2012 at our 140th celebration day, is the legal owner of both plots.
She has been involved in the project from the outset as the lairs have been passed down to her from the original owner and her Grand-Father James McNeil.
Mrs. Pirie is the oldest living relative and is now in possession of the title deeds.
We at the Founders Trail felt strongly that the incredible contribution made by the McNeil brothers in first forming Rangers Football Club and guiding it through our turbulent early years should be recognized by the Club by way of the restoration and the placing of memorial stones at these plots at Craigton Cemetery.
We at the Founders Trail have felt strongly for some time that the incredible contribution made by the McNeil brothers in first forming Rangers Football Club and guiding it through our turbulent early years should be recognized by the Club by way of the restoration and the placing of memorial stones at these plots at Craigton Cemetery.
Along with the Club we had new stones erected.
The work was completed on the 3rd April 2013.
Back to Restoration Main
William McNeil's grave after work.
William McNeil's grave before work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


BALTIMORE (AP) — Ravens rookie quarterback Lamar Jackson ran for a touchdown, backup Robert Griffin III spent the entire game on the sideline and Baltimore beat the Washington Redskins 30-20 Thursday night to complete its third consecutive unbeaten preseason.
Jackson played the first half and led Baltimore (5-0) on three scoring drives. The 2016 Heisman Trophy winner and first-round draft pick is sure to make the team, but coach John Harbaugh has not yet revealed whether he will keep Griffin, who's currently No. 2 on the depth chart behind starter Joe Flacco.
Baltimore added two field goals before halftime — the first following a 45-yard pass from Jackson to rookie tight end Mark Andrews, the second after a fumble by Washington's Samaje Perine.
Perine led the Redskins with 603 yards rushing last year, but now he's fighting for a spot on the roster.
Ravens: CB Stanley Jean-Baptiste hurt his right forearm on the final play of the first quarter and did not return. The fifth-year player was expected to get increased playing time early in the season while starter Jimmy Smith serves a four-game suspension. … Ravens guard Randin Crecelius left with a back injury.
Baltimore plays in the AFC North, Washington is in the NFC East, and the teams play in the regular season once every four years. Thus, proximity isn't enough to make this a rivalry.
All the Redskins players stood at attention on the sideline for the national anthem, as they did in Washington's previous three preseason games.


Obtaining an order for a portion of a Retirement Plan in the divorce Judgment is only the first step. Now you need to separate and transfer the funds from the Plan to the Alternate Spouse or Non-Employee.
This is done through a Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) or a Domestic Relations Order (DRO).
A QDRO is a court order directing the administrator of a Retirement or Pension Plan to separate the funds in a Plan for the benefit of the Alternate Spouse or Non-Employee, as specified in the divorce Judgment.
Each Plan, both government or private, can have their own guidelines and policies required for drafting the QDRO. Most plans will provide the guidelines in writing upon request of the employee. Some Plans allow the former spouse to elect a cash payout, others a transfer to a Rollover IRA, and some pensions do not allow payments to the Alternate Spouse or Non-Employee until the Employee retires.
Once the QDRO is prepared, both parties must sign and have their signatures notarized. The QDRO is then submitted to the court for approval and filing. Once received back from the court, the QDRO is forwarded to the Plan administrator for approval and distribution.


For months now I have been hoping to take the kids to the LEGOLAND Discovery Center Philadelphia. This past weekend we finally had some time to do so. I couldn't believe how much my kids absolutely loved it!
Before heading to the LEGOLAND Discovery Center, I asked a few friends who had been how long they estimated our stay to be. Most said 2-3 hours. Personally, after 2-3 hours, my kids were no where ready to head out. They could have stayed 2-3 hours in each section of the discovery center!
Everything is hands on. You will find LEGOs of every size and shape, directions for the kids to build with and lots of staff to help the kids.
There were activities for boys and girls of all ages. Little ones could find large duplo block stations to build with and a small activity area where they could go down a slide. There was a super cool LEGO Friends building area that my daughter just loved. My son's favorite was the LEGO Racers: Build & Test area.
Admission included the LEGO themed ride "Imagination Express" and the LEGO 4D Cinema. We saw a LEGO Chima 4D movie, but there were different movies playing all day that we could have seen.
My personal favorite was the LEGO Miniland which included over 1.5 million LEGOS creating an interactive Philadelphia.
At the end of our visit, we spent some time hanging out at the LEGO Pirate Adventure Island!
The LEGOLAND Discovery Center is located at the Plymouth Meeting Mall, Philadelphia.
That looks like such an amazing place to take the kids! I love that they can actually explore with LEGOs while they're there.
We love visiting our Legoland Discovery Center in our neck of the woods when we get the chance. There are always so many fun things to do, and so many cool ways that they master builders use the bricks!
We have been to the discovery Center a couple times and we love it. It's probably one of my sons favorite places to explore. There's a lot to do and I love how creative people are with these Legos.
The last time I visited the city this didn't exist- it's definitely a place the entire family would enjoy visiting and interacting with. I bet there is an amazing gift shop, too!
Yes! It just opened less than a year ago! The gift shop was awesome – a giant lego store!
Wow, wow, WOW. Legos have always been a staple in our home and this place sounds like so much fun, for both kids AND adults. Seriously, I'm in awe of that football stadium.
That Legoland looked like great fun for kids and they have so much to do. I really am impressed by that lifelike Philadelphia including Genos and Rocky.
That's so cool! My oldest is just getting into Legos, my little one only enjoys pulling apart the things her sister builds ????
We have thought about visiting this but wasn't sure what it was like. Thanks for sharing, I think my kids would like it too.
My kids love LEgo bricks so much! I actually bought my son a Lego guy costume this year too!
Your kiddos are cuties! I just love Legos. It doesn't matter how old the child (or adult) is, they always have a good time exploring their own designs and building them. Legos is timeless!
We love it here! My kids would play in the Legos all day if I let them. Looks like you guys had a great time!
My Son would love to go to Legoland. The Lego Discovery Center would be a great way to spend the day with the kids.
I love how many interactive exhibits and activities there are. This sounds like such a good place to take the kids.
That looks like so much fun. My daughters love Legos. We have always wanted to go to this place too. Hopefully someday we can!
You guys look like you had a blast! I'm waiting till my little ones are bit olde to take them to Lego Land.
My son is LEGO obsessed. We hope to hit a Discovery Center soon!
All I can say is WOW! This is definitely Lego building at an expert level. I love all the hands on Lego building the kids can do too. My nephew lives in the Philadelphia area so I'll have to see if his parents have heard of this place!
Oh my HECK – the more I scrolled down, the more excited I got, each picture got me more excited than the last. I am such a Lego junkie – I might even be more excited about them than the kids, lol. This looks like such a fun time!!
So cool! I wish this was closer to us, my kids would love it. Might have to make a trip this winter.
We have a Legoland Discovery Center here in AZ, and our family LOVES it! Looks like you have some unique stuff at yours that we'd love to try out. So much fun!
I'm always in awe of how creative people get with legos! Just imagine all the work they put into making those sculptures, it's really amazing!
I love the Philly city scenes in Lego! They just need a mini figure of Rocky running up the stairs!
I can't believe they made Lego Geno's and Pat's! I need to see that in person.
Oh wow!! This place just looks like pure magic!! I am really looking forward to taking my son there one day!


The hospital cash profit plan provides a 2-12 months possibility, the place this quantity of tenure can also be useful in availing reductions through the adoption of this coverage. The hospital money policy could be extended and renewed for an entire lifetime after these 2 years. You may both lengthen it to any amount of tenure you want, or to a lifetime. It's at all times advisable to increase your money benefit plan for a lifetime as this is the kind of want that may crop anytime, and especially so during the later years of one's life.
Hospital retail shops are the retailers from the place we purchase mainly medicine. Such stores are typically discovered inside or near a hospital or around a collection of clinics in a supermarket. The primary function of these shops is to provide the patients with all kinds of medication prescribed by the physician and some other companies. It is very typically observed that these retail shops do not sell drugs without the prescription, which is an effective thing as a result of in this manner the unlawful or harmful use of medication will be prevented. Yet there may be this development that this rule isn't observed as typically highly effective and intoxicating medicine is bought without any real prescription.
Most Oklahoma docs and health care services are listed on-line.Anybody looking for a reputable physician can discover one operating in their vicinity through the use of a simple Web mission for all Oklahoma doctors is to improve individuals's general health while enhancing the properly being within the communities they serve. Believing in the philosophy of affection-be taught-lead,the Oklahoma healthcare system incorporates this sentiment in facilities all around the state. Along with glorious medical care, the hospital network is engaged in staff training, analysis and developing support teams for sufferers and their members of the family. This contains varied instructional packages for medical personnel. Specialized Centers of Excellence have been created to supply state-of-the-artwork healthcare for the communities they serve.
To make certain that you might have completely understood each little factor, do the recap. Repeat and confirm together with your physician should you understood all the pieces proper. On your recap, go forward and ask whichever related questions you might have.
He wanted to create a park where households who've disabled members of the family may go and enjoy the day trip with other friends and family. Therefore, visit any of the online shops and observe the instructions as mentioned above. You may get the reductions on various diseases to you and your family.
It is going to take a while so that you can get the training that is obligatory, and in all circumstances, good organization is going to be of great profit. In case you work on it regularly and are constant along with your efforts, you will discover that you'll be able to enter the nursing area simply.
Sufferers might be assured that therapy options are protected, speedy and effective. There is very little hazard in chiropractic proper care, since practitioners work with a very correct approach in remedy. Diagnostic exams are given in order that patients have a sure specific drawback, prior to using any technique. The therapy doubles as a secondary style of application to assist sufferers recover extra quickly from issues together with other well being conditions.
29 year old Transport Engineer Zerbe from Listuguj Mi'gmaq First Nation, has hobbies and interests for example marquetry, . and crafts. that covered visiting Pearling.


A nature and wildlife garden and outdoor classroom is being created for children at Newington Community Primary School in Ramsgate.
Staff, parents, and pupils dug in to get the project underway as they began clearing the area including hedges and a pond. Armed with spades, forks, trowels and wheelbarrows, the groundwork also included marking out and digging areas for planting.
Teachers, Tim Knight and Fiona Daly, who run the Explorers Club where pupils study insects and plants, are leading the nature garden project.
"It was a real team effort to get the nature garden project underway.
Staff, families and children all pitched in and we made a brilliant start. We will continue with the project during the next few months and hope to have it completed by the summer.
The garden is intended to act as an outdoor classroom and unique learning resource. It will provide children with access to a variety of sensory experiences including wildlife-friendly planting, opportunities to grow herbs, sensory plants and vegetables as well as investigating, surveying and building animal/insect habitats. There will also be a willow tunnel and 'bug hotels'.
One special 'guest' at the gardening session was Newington Ted, a teddy bear who is looked after for a week by the pupil named as the latest Newington Winner for their overall performance at school. Megan, 4, decided she would take the bear along to join in the fun.
"This is an exciting addition to our learning resources and it will be well used and lovingly cared for – the enthusiasm for the project has been there from the start and we look forward to seeing it develop over the coming months until it is ready for use.
Thank you Newington Community Primary School for sharing this marvellous news about the updates taking place at your school and celebrating the involvement of parents, teachers and residents in the area. What a pleasure to see so many people invested in our children's futures and getting their hands dirty.
We can't wait for the next update!


Yes thank you I knew that but I thought perhaps there was another option?
No Nuvi has ever had that feature. Haven't used a Nuvi 52, so I don't understand why it's "a real pain to turn it off". This can normally be done with a simple tap of the power button. That will put it to sleep instead of fully shutting down, but that should still accomplish what you want.
Since you leave it mounted and plugged in, why not just leave it on while driving? Doesn't it shut off by itself when you turn the ignition switch off?
Depends. Some power sockets remain on even with ignition off.
Alan, I agree but then I like to see the moving map when I'm just driving around. Some people might not like that. But it is pretty simple to just remove the plug about halfway from the socket if you want it to stay off.
Thanx Guys - Sure I can 'unplug' it since I don't need it all the time but it would be nice to turn it off from an external power switch. The power button ontop of the 52LM itself takes forever to power 'on & off'. I've seen certain brand ciggarette lighter power supplies that have an 'On/Off switch'. However I can't seem to find anything like that on the Garmin site.
Are you sure about that power button behavior? It is slow to do a full shutdown, but should be instant to go into sleep mode. You just press it quickly for that. Or, at least that is the case with all the newer Nuvi series I've seen and 52 is not very old.
Ah true, missed that bit ..
Just to clarify what I posted above.... if you do a full shutdown of the Nuvi, when the car is started and the power comes on it will go through the whole boot process which can take a little while. But if you then shut it down with a quick press of the power button, the next time that power is applied the device should start immediately and display the warning screen. Quickly pressing the power button should instantly turn it off.
Well, I'll put my two cents in with the OP. It would be nice to have an "off" switch option that really means "Off, darn you, until I want to turn you on again!."
I sometimes want to charge my Nuvi 550 while I'm exploring on the motorcycle...lots of turning the motorcycle off and on at scenic overlooks 'n such...in case I decided to take it off the bike and put it in my backpack when I find a nice trail...which was one of it's intended uses. But it just keeps powering up every time I turn on the bike instead of charging itself like I want it too.
Probably ain't never gonna happen, though.
Go to Amazon and search for "12 volt lighter adapter with switch" and you'll find some options that may work for you. At least it's a start.


We host one special workshop a month! From restorative, to partner yoga, to sound healing and member events, we are always adding special events just for you!
December 30, 2018 March 18, 2019 marluvsyogaUpcoming Special Events at The Yoga Loft!


Bihar Public Service Commission BPSC has Published a Job Notification For the Recruitment of Assistant Engineer 2019. Candidates those are interested in the Following Recruitment Can Apply Online From Official Website of Bihar Public Service Commission – BPSC OR Can Apply Online From Tetarwalfilms.com. All Important Links are Given Below in Link Box.


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text:
Area clinics win health plan accolades
From Archive Data
Dundee Family Care and IHA Milan Family Practice were among the Michigan primary care practices recognized recently for delivering excellent health care by Priority Health, a national health insurance plan.
"For more than 15 years, we have been working with physicians across the state to improve the quality of care for patients," said Kimberly K. Horn, president and chief executive officer for Priority Health. "This long-standing partnership has led us to create programs and services that far exceed the industry. As a result, patients in Michigan are more likely to get mammograms and receive help managing their chronic diseases than anywhere else in the nation."
Priority Health analyzes the highest-performing practices within its network of 14,000 providers through its Partners in Performance program. The program provides financial rewards to primary care doctors who provide appropriate screenings and preventive care to patients. The National Business Coalition on Health recognized Partners in Performance for effectively rewarding physicians for providing high quality and cost-efficient care for patients.
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Chronic CO poisoning usually involves lower levels of the gas in the air and lower blood CO (COHb) concentrations. Exposure usually continues for many days, months, years. The boundary limit between acute and chronic exposure is indistinct (acute - one exposure lasting less than 24 hrs.; chronic - exposures lasting 24 hrs or more).
The word chronic should be reserved to describe the type of exposure, not the subsequent condition / effect / symptom! A damaging effect of CO poisoning, or in fact, any change which persists, should be referred to as a residual effect.
Chronic CO poisoning is, in fact, difficult to diagnose by those not skilled in its presentation. As stated above, it is often mistaken for chronic fatigue syndrome, viral or bacterial pulmonary or gastrointestinal infection, excessive heat, etc. Similar symptoms seen simultaneously in more than one person, and which decrease upon removal from an environment are tip-offs that CO is involved. COHb is usually not excessively elevated. More often than not, by the time air CO or blood CO levels are measured, the presence of CO in the environment has been corrected, making measurement impossible. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generally show no lesion, even when neuropsychological and/or neurologic evaluations may detect functional deficits.
This is a subject about which many exciting new data have become available during the past 2 years. Summaries of some of these data are seen on this website. A body of animal data are also available which is of some value in understanding and predicting human responses. See the very useful British study by CO Support and the other studies contained in the section called Chronic CO Poisoning.
See Problems in Dealing with Chronic CO Poisoning.


text:
Guidelines for e-Tender/ e-Quotation/ e-Procurement of Works and Material Purchase
It is mandatory to publish all NIT/ e-NIT/ e-NIQ in the centralised e-tender portal http://wbtenders.gov.in and also on Departmental website www.wbiwd.gov.in.
Government of West Bengal
Irrigation & Waterways Department
Jalasampad Bhavan, 1st Floor, Western Block
Bidhannagar, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 091
No. 03(W)/2015-16 Dated, 18th November, 2015
Finance Department, Government of West Bengal has introduced various modifications and amendments in the WBFR and DFPR during the last few years. Almost all such Notifications & Memorandums are uploaded in the official website of Finance Department www.wbfin.nic.in.
It is obligatory on the part of all State Govt. Departments to follow those during floating of tenders and Department specific orders are not always mandatory.
However, clarifications have been sought from various quarters in the Irrigation & Waterways Directorate for some time past regarding procedure of e-Tender, tender acceptance and contracts issued by the Finance Department vis-a-vis l&W Departmental Notifications for standardised 'NIT' format for e-tendering bearing Nos. 139(8)-IB dated 29.08.2014 and No. 24(8)-IB, dated 07.5.2014 read with Memo No. 306-IB dated 11.12.2014. Clarifications on major points vis-a-vis deviations considered by the Finance Department in matters relating to tendering process are stated here under below:
Clarification on e-Tender of works and material purchase by e-Quotation, tender acceptance and contract
1. It is mandatory to publish all NIT/ e-NIT/ e-NIQ in the centralised e-tender portal http://wbtenders.gov.in and also on Departmental website www.wbiwd.gov.in. Open tender for supply of articles or stores or for execution of works shall be invited in the following manner:
Manner of Tender
i. For supply of articles or stores or for execution of works and services with estimated value exceeding Rs. 10,000.00 upto Rs. 1.00 lakh. Publication of the work on the notice board and on the official website of Department www.wbiwd.gov.in – off-line tender
ii. For supply of articles or stores or for execution of works and services with estimated value exceeding Rs. 1.00 lakh upto Rs. 5.00 lakh. Publication of the work on the notice board and on the website www.wbiwd.gov.in, and also a brief referral advertisement in one daily Bengali newspaper (in case of hill areas of Darjeeling District in Nepali newspaper). – off-line tender
iii. For supply of articles or stores or for execution of works and services with estimated value exceeding Rs. 5.00 lakh upto Rs. 10.00 lakh. Publication of the work in the centralised e-tender portal http://wbtenders.gov.in on the office notice boards and on the website www.wbiwd.gov.in, and also brief referral advertisement in two daily newspapers, one in Bengali (in case of hill areas of Darjeeling District in Nepali newspaper) and the other in English to be simultaneous on the same day.
iv. For supply of articles or stores or for execution of works and services with estimated value exceeding Rs. 10.00 lakh. Publication of the work on the notice board and on the website www.wbiwd.gov.in, and also in the official website of Government of West Bengal e-tender portal http://wbtenders.gov.in, and also brief referral advertisement in three daily newspapers, one each in Bengali (in case of hill areas of Darjeeling District in Nepali newspaper) in English and Hindi to be ensured simultaneously on the same day.
Explanation: Brief referral advertisement will contain only certain title information such name and location of the scheme, last date for submission of tender, names of the websites where details are available.
The Tender Inviting Authority is permitted to issue advertisements directly to the newspapers having sufficient circulation for the said purpose of procurements, wherever necessary, at the rates approved by the Information & Cultural Affairs Department, Government of West Bengal.
2. Purchase up to Rs. 10,000.00 may be made without any tender or quotation as per guidelines. The purchasing authority shall certify that the purchase has been made at reasonable market price in cases of purchase from the open market without tender/ quotation
Purchase above Rs. 10,000.00 and up to Rs. 1.00 lakh shall be made after inviting off-line quotations from at least four reliable firms, which shall be opened in presence of willing agents.
In such cases of purchase by invitation of quotation, procurement shall be finalized on recommendation of Local Purchase Committee to be constituted in each Circle office.
Procurement of materials/ service can be undertaken through Limited Tender Inquiry (LTI) to be issued to the supplier who are registered/ empanelled with the Circle office inviting them to offer their prices. In such case of tender, copies of the bidding document should be sent, free of cost, directly by speed post/ registered post/ courier/ e-mail, simultaneously to all the registered suppliers for the materials/ service in question. The number of supplier firms in LTI should be more than three. Efforts should be made to identify a higher number of approved suppliers to obtain more responsive bids on competitive basis. Website publicity should also be given for LTI. The lowest bid/ price should be accepted in such cases of LTI.
Purchase through LTI may be adopted upto the estimated value of the procurement of Rs. 10.00 lakh, with concurrence of Financial Advisor of the Department.
Procurement from a single source may be restored in case of approval of Financial Advisor and head of the department in case of extreme urgency/ natural calamity.
3. Open tender without any reservation shall invariably be invited for the supply of articles or stores or for execution of works and service worth Rs. 1.00 lakh or more.
All works above Rs. 5.00 lakh for which e-tender is mandatory shall be awarded through open tender without any reservation for any particular Class of Contractors/ Bidders.
For high-value purchase exceeding Rs. 10.00 lakh or for purchasing plant, machinery etc. of complex and technical nature, bids may be invited in two parts under two-bid system.
Selection of agency should be made on the basis of at least three valid tenders, which shall be opened in presence of willing agents.
If the number of e-tenders received is less than three, e-tender should be invited afresh, after cancellation of 1st Tender.
In case of invitation of e-tender under two-bid system, if the number of tenderers/bidders qualified in the technical bid is less than three, e-tender should be invited afresh.
4. Entire set if e-Tender document should be made available free of cost through the State Government e-tender portal, namely, http://wbtenders.gov.in and Department website www.wbiwd.gov.in. Even for works valued below the base level of e-tender, tender documents should be made available free of cost in the Department website www.wbiwd.gov.in. Even for execution of formal Tender Agreement, documents should be made available free of cost to the L1 bidder.
5. Notices for open off-line tenders for works each below Rs. 5.00 lakh shall include such clauses as may be prescribed by the Department by Notification from time to time. Tenders below Rs. 5.00 lakh are to be floated in single bid system.
6. The lowest tender for all works should be accepted as a rule. If for any reason the lowest tender is not accepted reference to be made to the Finance Department through this Department for decision as to which of the contractors the work should be given.
i. Selection of contractor/bidder should be made on the basis of at least three valid e-tenders, which shall be opened in presence of wiling agents. If the number of e-tenders received is less than three, e-tender should be invited afresh.
ii. Maximum 5% excess of Tender Value (Amount put to tender) may be accepted by the Tender Accepting Authority subject to the overall power of tender acceptance delegated to each level of engineer officers as mentioned in the Departmental Delegation of Financial Powers (DFPR) G.O under revision, and the tendered value is within the administratively approved cost and valid tenders should not be less than three.
iii. Above 5% and up to 10% of the Tender Value can be accepted by the Government appointed Tender Committee subject to the condition to be fulfilled as mentioned in the Department all DFPR which is being revised and valid tenders should not be less than three.
iv. For acceptance of tenders above 10% of the Tender Value (Amount put to tender), upon specific recommendation of the Government appointed Tender Committee as mentioned at para (ii) above, with that of the Department shall have to be sent to the Finance Department.
v. If the response to Tender (including e-Tender & tenders under two-bid system) is less than three, then Tender should be invited afresh. Such Re-Tender notice shall be published in widely circulated dailies for conventional Notice Inviting Tenders (NIT) and also through e-Tender portal in case of e-Tender Prior to invitation of Re-Tender/ fresh Tender, the eligibility criteria and other terms and conditions as contained in the first 'Notice Inviting Tender' shall have to be reviewed by the Tender Inviting Authority to ascertain whether (i) it was too much restrictive, say, specifications and qualifications were fixed at higher standard than required, (if) advertisements in the widely circulated Newspapers were properly published and (iii) other related procedural matters were observed in its entirety.
vi. Even if, after taking appropriate steps, the response to the Re-Tender is less than three, that tender may be accepted without reference to the Finance Department, provided the rates do not exceed the schedule rates (SoR) beyond 5% in case of works and within the overall administratively approved cost Otherwise, such cases should be referred to the Finance Department for decision enclosing recommendation by the Govt. approved Tender Committee and filled up copy of 'Tender Register' in the prescribed proforma.
vii. If there is any scope of lowerin9 down of rates in the opinion of the Tender Accepting Authority, all bidders to be notified on-line to attend sealed bid on predetermined time and date held at the office of Tender Accepting Authority. Open bid is normally discarded to ensure confidentiality and transparency However in extraordinary situations, if in the opinion of the Tender Accepting Authority the rate of L1 is high and there is a scope for lowering, only L1 bidder may be requested to attend open bid only to further lower down the rate on predetermined time and date.
7. EMD/ Bid security shall be collected only as soft copy (scanned copies of the originals) for instruments (Cheque/ Bank Draft/ Bank Guarantee etc.) in the e-tender, but in case of deposit of money it should compulsorily be deposited on-line by the bidders. In case of e-tendering, the procedure for depositing of Earnest Money Deposit/ Bid Security on-line by the bidders/ tenderer is being developed which would be implemented shortly.
Only the L1 bidder shall submit the hard copy of the EMD to the Tender Inviting Authority with his acceptance of Letter of Invitation (LOI). Failure to submit the hard copy with the acceptance letter of LOI within the time period prescribed for the purpose may be construed as an attempt to disturb the tendering process and dealt with accordingly legally including blacklisting of the bidder.
8. Labour Co-operative Societies have been exempted from payment of EMD against all tenders of the State Government. These societies, if selected through open tenders will have to furnish requisite Security Deposit for performance of the work. Revisions and amendments made in the WBFR & DFPR 1977 from time to time by the Finance Department are binding and in case of any ambiguity the same should be brought immediately to the notice of this Department.
The constitution of Department Tender Committees (DTC) and its functions including procedural modalities mentioned in this Department No. 01-IWB dated 19.07.2012 is being modified separately.
I&W Departmental code would be amended accordingly in due course.
K. Chattopadhyay
Secretary to the
No. 03-W dated 18.11.2015, Source
Guidelines for Short Notice Tender in Emergent Situations under IWD
New Purchase Policy of West Bengal Government
Irrigation & Waterways


It's still in the womb, but I needed to add a link to it, and this place works.
No, I'm not replacing the watts4u2 blog, this is a new site featuring my 3D and normal photography services. It's a mess, any suggestions are welcome!


text:
Van Evera Stephen
Ο Stephen Van Evera είναι διευθυντής πτυχιακών σπουδών και αναπληρωτής καθηγητής πολιτικών επιστημών στο Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Stephen William Van Evera (born 10 November 1948) is a professor of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, specializing in International Relations. His research includes the U.S. foreign and national security policy and causes and prevention of war. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Van Evera received his A.B. in government from Harvard and his Ph.D. in political science from the University of California, Berkeley. During the 1980s he was managing editor of the journal International Security.
Van Evera is the author of Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict (Cornell, 1999). He has also co edited Nuclear Diplomacy and Crisis Management (1990), Soviet Military Policy (1989), and The Star Wars Controversy (1986).
Van Evera is considered a defensive realist, which is a branch of structural realism.[2]
Offense-Defense Theory
In Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict, Van Evera proposed Offense-Defense theory, which attempts to discern what factors increase the likelihood of war. Van Evera states three main hypotheses: 1. War will be more common in periods when conquest is easy, or is believed easy, than in other periods. 2. States that have, or believe they have, large offensive opportunities or defensive vulnerabilities will initiate and fight more wars than other states. 3. Actual examples of true imbalances are rare and explain only a moderate amount of history. However, false perceptions of these factors are common and thus explain a great deal of history.
The causes of World War I provide a good example of Van Evera's theory in action. Although trench warfare, poison gas, and the development of the machine gun and air support meant that defensive strategies should have prevailed, many European nations were under the illusion that conquest was easy or that they were valuable. This misconception resulted in a drawn out, bloody conflict. Recent discussion in international relation theory withdraws the idea of explaining outbreak of World War I. with the offense-defense balance.


With all the holiday celebrations planned and holiday guests visiting, this time of year can have your kitchen bursting at its seams, and it is now that we really appreciate the value of a practical, well functioning kitchen that makes clever use of every bit of available space for storage.
If you are building or renovating your kitchen it is important to carefully consider storage requirements when deciding on layout and choosing cabinetry. Many of your choices will be determined by the amount of floor space you have; large kitchens can easily accommodate walk-in pantries, or a more well-equipped butler's pantry with its own wash-up area and appliances.
However, smaller kitchens may need to opt for pull-out pantry cupboards or slide-out shelves for grocery storage.
Top to toe: Use your all your vertical space, install cabinetry all the way to the ceiling, and store lessor utilised appliances and kitchenware in the top cupboard, and utilise your toe-kick for storage.
Don't get cornered: Get smart with your awkward corner cupboards by installing swing-out shelves or a Lazy-Susan.
Get organised: Use draw dividers or draw organisers to ensure you can find what you need when you need it. Break up vertical space in shelves with stack shelves so you don't have to unpack everything to get what's sitting at the bottom of the pile.
Island style: Make the most of all sides of your island for storage; be it shelves, cupboards or draws.
Hang about: Get utensils and kitchenware off the counters and out the cabinets and on the walls. Creatively arranged this can also become an interesting décor feature.


Did you unbox the phone yourself? I.e was it new when you bought it?
I assume you had the original file manager on it prior to the flashing operation.
Do you remember your build number before flashing?
(09-03-2018, 10:35 AM)EMMANUS Wrote: Did you unbox the phone yourself? I.e was it new when you bought it?
Yes I bought it last year and unboxed myself..build number before flash? No ..can that be the problem?
Have you tried factory reset after flashing the phone?
unfortunately app manager has stopped.


Stay tuned as we have many more content updates in the pipeline.
We have brand new content in Dumb Ways to Die 2: The Games!
This update will feature Back to School mini-games with added functionality to make the game even more fun.
Stay tuned as we have many more content updates in the pipeline, our next update will include new Easter related content.
Numpty's fiery hair has spread to the rest of the building. Bounce him to safety with the trampoline.
Keep appliances from electrocuting Dummkopf while he's doing the dishes.
Make sure Bonehead drives safely at level crossings.
Mishap's rattlesnake wants to eat something new. Make sure it's the bacon!
iMessage Sticker Store: Earn coins by playing the game and spend them on brand new stickers of your favourite dim-witted friends.
Double plus: we've added a new spacey musical theme to the map, optimised map performance on all devices, and fixed some issues with push notifications in the multiplayer arena.
We've also included iMessage Stickers in this update, so you'll now get eight free stickers of your favourite dim-witted friends.
Check out the teaser video for the app update on YouTube.