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Home » Biology
Flora vs Fauna- Definition, 12 Major Differences, Examples
May 19, 2022 January 21, 2022 by Anupama Sapkota
Image created using biorender.com
Flora Definition
Fauna Definition
Key Differences (Flora vs Fauna)
Basis for Comparison
Examples of flora
Non-flowering plants
Read Also: 27 differences between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm
Examples of fauna
Read Also: 15 differences between amphibians and reptiles
The term 'flora' is defined as all the naturally occurring native plants of a particular region. Flora indicates all forms of plant life, more generally used to represent the plant life of a particular place.
Sometimes, the term 'microflora' or 'gut flora' is used to represent the naturally occurring microorganisms, mainly, bacteria and fungi, in various organisms.
The word, 'flora' is taken from the Latin name of the Goddess of plants in the Roman mythology who was named 'Flora'.
Different plants are classified into various floras on the basis of their region, also known as floristic regions, climate, environmental conditions, and period.
The floristic region might be habitats like mountains and valleys, whereas the period might be either historic like fossil flora or present. They are further subdivided according to their particular environments.
Some of the commonly used flora include; native flora, agricultural and horticultural flora, and weed flora.
The native flora is native or indigenous to a particular area. This means that the plants occur naturally in these areas.
Agricultural or horticultural flora, also known as garden flora, includes the plants that are grown by humans.
Weed flora is a group of plants that are unnecessary and undesirable. However, some plants kept in the weed flora traditionally might be beneficial to other ecosystems.
Besides, the term Flora is also used for the documentation of plants of a particular are or a time period. These were traditionally published in the form of books, but nowadays, they are available on websites.
Fauna is all the animal life present in a particular place or at a particular time period. Fauna indicates all forms of animal life, more generally used to represent the animal life native to a particular place.
The word 'fauna' has been taken from various names like 'Fauna, the Goddess of earth and fertility', the Roman God, 'Faunus' of the Roman mythology, and the related forest spirits 'Fauns'.
Fauna, like flora, is classified on the basis of their region, characteristics, climate, environmental conditions, and period.
Out of this, the most common division is based on the region. Some of the flora based on region include; cryofauna, cryptofauna, infauna, epifauna, macrofauna, megafauna, meiofauna, and microfauna.
Cryofauna indicates animals that live in and around cold areas.
Cryptofauna includes animals that live in concealed or protected habitats.
Epifauna is the group of animals that live at the bottom of the sediments present on the ocean floor.
Infauna, in contrast, indicates the bottom-most oceanic animals that live underneath those sediments or deposits.
Macrofauna is soil animals that live on 0.5 to 0.3 mm sieve.
Megafauna is large animals that live on the surface of a particular region or at a particular time.
Meiofauna includes invertebrates that are larger than microfauna but smaller than megafauna.
The microscopic animals or invertebrates are included in microfauna.
Other faunas like avifauna have birds, and piscifauna includes fishes.
Definition Flora is defined as all the naturally occurring native plants of a particular region. Fauna is all the animal life present in a particular place or at a particular time period.
Classification Flora is classified into native flora, agricultural and horticultural flora, and weed flora. Fauna is classifies into cryofauna, cryptofauna, infauna, epifauna, macrofauna, megafauna, meiofauna and microfauna.
Includes Flora includes all plants. Fauna includes all animals.
Study The study is flora is termed 'Botany'. The study of fauna is termed 'Zoology'.
Nutrition Flora is autotrophs, capable of producing their own food and energy. Fauna is heterotrophs, dependent on plants for their food and energy.
Ecological role Plants are the producers in an ecosystem. Animals are the consumers of an ecosystem.
Locomotion Flora includes plants that are immovable. Fauna includes animals that are mobile.
Evolution The organisms in flora are considered to have arrived before fauna. Fauna developed later than flora according to the theories of evolution.
Cell wall The cell wall is present in the cells of the plants in flora. The cell wall is absent in the cells of the animals in fauna.
Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are present in flora, most of which are involved in food production or storage. Chloroplasts are not present in fauna. They store their energy in the mitochondria.
Climate Flora is affected by the climate of a region. Fauna affects the climate of a region.
Examples Flowering plants, grass, forest are some examples of flora. Reptiles, birds, insects, and fishes are some examples of fauna.
Flowering plants are the plants that bear flowers and the most abundant green plants found on earth.
These are found in all environments throughout the world, ranging from mountains to deep-sea surfaces to deserts.
These are also termed angiosperms that bear flowers and seeds and exist as trees, shrubs, and herbs.
These plants have specialized vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem that help transport water, mineral, and food to a different part of the plant.
The flowering plants are found in the flora of all types of ecosystems but are mostly native to different areas.
The flowering plants present in terrestrial flora includes rose, mustard, apples, tomatoes, cauliflowers, etc. while the plants in aquatic flora include water lily, hyacinth, lotus, water iris, etc.
Non-flowering plants are the plants that do not bear flowers and have naked seeds. These plants are also called gymnosperms.
The seeds in gymnosperms are mostly observed in the form of cones.
The seeds of the plant are not covered with fruit, and they do not form fruits. Instead, the seeds remain exposed as cones.
Non-flowering plants, like flowering plants, are found in almost all ecosystems.
The non-flowering plants present in terrestrial flora includes pines, cycads, aloe, cactus, etc. while plants in aquatic flora include fern, mosses, hornworts, etc.
Amphibian is a group of animals that are capable of exploiting both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
At present, about 8100 species of living amphibians live throughout the world
The most characteristic feature of amphibians is moist skin that supports cutaneous respiration. Some amphibians like terrestrial salamanders and frogs might even lack lungs.
Amphibians are considered one of the most susceptible animals in the environment as they have semi-permeable skin, and their eggs are porous.
Examples of common amphibians that form the fauna on earth include frogs, salamander, toads, and caecilians.
Reptiles are crawling animals that live on land and have epidermal scales, covering part or the entire surface of the body.
Even though most reptiles are tetrapods with two pairs of limbs, and they are exclusively terrestrial and do not have an aquatic larval stage. Some reptiles, however, are limbless and live as crawling animals.
Some reptiles like turtle and tortoise might even have modified limbs as flaps that aid them in swimming.
At present, more than 10000 species of reptiles are known to live on earth.
All of these animals are diverse in structure as well as habitats. The extinct reptiles are even more diverse, ranging from aquatic plesiosaurs to meat-eating terrestrial dinosaurs, and occupying even more diverse ecosystems.
The common reptiles present in the fauna of the earth include snakes, crocodiles, lizards, turtle, etc.
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1% – https://www.slideshare.net/lochini09/biology-1-34233973
1% – https://www.slideshare.net/delcriz/rainforest-41489142
1% – https://www.britannica.com/animal/reptile
1% – https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-flora-and-fauna.html
1% – https://gradeup.co/study-notes-on-flora-and-fauna-for-ctet–tet-exam-i
1% – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_(plants)
1% – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna
<1% – https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/flora
<1% – https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/fauna
<1% – https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/anatomy-of-flowering-plants/plant-tissues/
<1% – https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160412087900456
<1% – https://www.answers.com/Q/List_of_plants_that_do_not_bear_flowers
<1% – https://wikimili.com/en/Fauna
<1% – https://targetstudy.com/nature/plants/
<1% – https://owlcation.com/stem/Most-Dangerous-Animals-on-the-Planet
<1% – http://www.gpedia.com/en/gpedia/Fauna
<1% – http://bio1520.biology.gatech.edu/growth-and-reproduction/plant-development-i-tissue-differentiation-and-function/
Anupama Sapkota
Anupama Sapkota has a B.Sc. in Microbiology from St. Xavier's College, Kathmandu, Nepal. She is particularly interested in studies regarding antibiotic resistance with a focus on drug discovery.
3 thoughts on "Flora vs Fauna- Definition, 12 Major Differences, Examples"
Sonja Lewis
I found several errors in
January 21, 2022 by Anupama Sapkota
It might be best to have The Biology Notes' articles be peer reviewed.
Hi Sonja,
Thank you for your comment. Can you please mention the errors so that we can correct them?
Sharon Nyanchera Mokua
I enjoyed reading the notes


This is a way to resolve your relationship breakdown in an honest, cooperative and respectful manner, by focussing on the family problem as much as the individual problem, and finding a positive way to resolve differences justly and equitably.
This is done through a series of four-way meetings – you, your ex, and your two lawyers. Along the way meetings may include other collaborative professionals.
The basis of collaborative negotiation is the Collaborative Agreement which is signed by all parties at the first meeting. In that all parties agree to negotiate to resolve their dispute without resorting to litigation.
1. It is, and always will be, a legal process.
Lawyers still do everything they would do in any other matter – including giving advice and drafting orders. But information is conveyed differently, clients are part of the transparent process throughout and negotiations are done openly at collaborative meetings. Everyone gets a say and this gives more opportunity to produce creative solutions that suit the clients.
This sets the framework for negotiations but also commits everyone to a non-litigious, negotiated process. Negotiating can be hard and confronting but having the Agreement not only defines process and confidentiality issues it keeps people focussed on the ultimate goal of a positive future for both parties.
A collaborative process requires a team. Collaborative professionals – the lawyers, an accountant neutral or family therapist, the clients – are part of a team and the team must consider the needs and wants of both clients when canvassing options. Different professionals can offer different perspectives, outside of pure legal options and this creates an environment that builds creative, client-centric solutions.
It's about what matters to the client. This is one of the biggest things that sets a collaborative process apart from the usual legal process. Collaborative professionals talk about what matters to their clients and not just what the law considers important. It's a chance to give consideration to a much broader range of a client's individual circumstances.
That is, what really matters to the parties – do the kids need to stay in the same house? Does a stay at home mum want to go back to study? Has there been a family holiday in Bali every year? Is someone still holding out for an apology? From there the team can discuss options to meet those interests and the effectiveness of each. Different professionals can help explore the emotional, financial and legal implications of creative options. This in turn allows the parties to help determine their own solutions.
Negotiations are completely open. Disclosing information, discussing needs and wants and general negotiation is all done face to face at collaborative meetings. This is another major difference to most legal processes – there aren't chains of emails or legal letters back and forth with lengthy waiting and big bills in between. The process becomes much more client driven as they are involved every step of the way.
A collaborative process is private – no court documents, no public record of what gets aired or discussed at meetings. It works the way individual clients need it to work for them.


They knew and they let it happen. To kids! Okay? It could've been you! It could've been me! It could have been any of us! We gotta nail these scumbags! We gotta show people that nobody can get away with this! Not a priest or a Cardinal or a freaking Pope!
Look at how she is working that poor sucker, she'll get away with murder.
For some reason, freaking is allowed at the middle school dances but not the high school ones. Probably because the middle schoolers can't freak.


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For the Love of Learning
Voices of the Alternative Education Movement
For The Love of Learning #59 – The Ecoversities
Video	 June 1, 2016 0
Show Title:
For the Love of Learning Episode 59
The Ecoversities Network
Monday May 30, 2016 8:00 pm – 10:00 pm EST
Tuesday May 31, 2016 1:00 am – 3:00 am GMT
Manish Jain
Udi Mandel
Traian Brumă
Genaro Vasquez
Victoria Haro
What are ecoversitities? Ecoversitities are a diverse network that both critiques existing education systems that are broken and cultivates new practices to regenerate ecological and cultural ecosystems. This is a movement, slowly building all over the world. They are self described as a network of 'eco-versities'—people, organizations and communities who are reclaiming their knowledge systems and cultural imaginations to restore and re-envision learning processes that are meaningful and relevant to the needs of their times.
Then the question must be asked, what does this mean in practice? With the focus on transforming learning into a process through liberation, a group of like minded educators, activists, artists, cultural collaborators and walk outs came together for a 6 day unconference in Portugal last year to answer this question.
The ecoversisities gathering kicked off through a series of self-organized workshops, sessions and collaborations, which avoided reproducing a typical academic gathering. According to one participant, "What happened in these spaces wasn't always easy or comfortable since learning often comes through ruptures or being faced with the unknown and unfamiliar. But it was definitely transformative by enlivening our ways of thinking, feeling and relating."
Tonight we speak with a wonderful and inspiring panel of these collaborators. Together we will examine what ecoversities are, and how ecoversities can touch all of our lives.
For more, please read:
Are eco-versities the future for higher education?
Manish Jain is deeply committed to regenerating our diverse knowledge systems and cultural imaginations. He has served for the past 17 years as Coordinator and Co-Founder of Shikshantar: The Peoples' Institute for Rethinking Education and Development based in Udaipur, India and is co-founder of the Swaraj University, Creativity Adda, Learning Societies Unconference, Walkouts-Walkon network, and Udaipur as a Learning City in India. He is a featured speaker/advisory member of the Economics of Happiness network for localization. He recently helped to launch the Ecoversities Network. He has edited several books on Vimukt Shiksha (liberating learning) on themes such as learning societies, unlearning, gift culture, community media, and tools for deep dialogue.
Prior to this, Manish worked as one of the principal team members of the UNESCO Learning Without Frontiers global initiative. He has also been a consultant to UNICEF, World Bank, USAID in Africa, South Asia and former Soviet Union. Manish also worked as an investment banker with Morgan Stanley. He has been trying to unlearn his Master's degree in Education from Harvard University and a B.A. in Economics, International Development and Political Philosophy from Brown University. He and his wife Vidhi have been unschooling themselves with their 13 year old daughter, Kanku. Manish is passionate about urban organic farming, filmmaking, simulation gaming, bicycling, group facilitation and slow food cooking.
http://shikshantar.org
Udi is the Professor of Communication at EARTH University in Costa Rica for first and second-year students and mentors third years in their Communication projects. Udi's background is in Social Anthropology (PhD Goldsmiths College, London), International Development (MSc University of Bristol) and Fine Art (MA Edinburgh University). Over the last 12 years, he taught in a number of universities, mainly in the UK. His interests are in the area of transformative and experiential learning in higher education and the role of the university in engaging with the serious problems we face in the world today. To this end he is the co-creator of the Enlivened Learning project – an initiative to learn from and connect higher education places around the world grounded in transformative learning based on indigenous knowledges, social and ecological movements. For Udi learning/teaching are not only ways of knowing more about ourselves, each other and the world we live in, but they are also transformative practices that encourage more caring ways of being and relating. Udi is also a documentary filmmaker and teaches a range of communication tools and approaches that strengthens students' skills and confidence in bringing about a more sustainable future.
www.enlivenedlearning.com
Traian is a Learning Architect, on a mission to create a new kind of university. He values freedom, courage, kindness and ice cream.
Traian co-founded The Alternative University – a small (150 students) freedom-centered university in Bucharest, Romania. A british friend had this to say about it: "A university RUN by students and ex students. Where there are no qualifications. People direct their own learning. Everyone's a student and everyone's a teacher. A place built from the love of learning. A place exuding hope that we — the people — can take control of our destiny."
In 2015, before leaving Romania in August, Traian coordinated the joining of forces for starting Entrepreneurship Academy – a formal university focused on entrepreneurship.
After 12 years,Traian decided to take a break from (social) entrepreneurship. At the moment, he is traveling the world in search of inspiration, wisdom and allies to get his work to the next level. Traian will write a book called Break Free From University.
Genaro Vásquez
Genaro Vasquez is a agroecologist, small-scale farmer, supermodel, and co-founder of the Ayuuk Institute of the Intercultural Higher Education.
Originating from the indigenous community of Santa Maria Tlahuitoltepec Mixe, Oaxaca. Agroecology engineer by Chapingo and Master of Agroecology at the University of Cordoba, Spain. He developed an academic stay at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Colombia and is a teacher in Research and Development of Education at the Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City. He received the National UVM Award for Social Development for their outstanding work on sustainability. Co-founder of the Intercultural Indigenous University Ayuuk, Oaxaca.Currently he is working with the organization Integral Innovation Center for Rural Development Kukoj in the development of agro-ecological processes of community projects with farmers and authorities.
Bachelor's Degree in law at the University of the ITAM and holds a Doctorate Degree in Economics from the University of Columbia in New York, specializing in Economic Analysis. She was a full time professor at the ITAM from 1996 to 2004.
From 2004 to 2006 she served as a consultant for the Municipal Government in Valle de Bravo, where she coordinated the formation of the Municipal Plan for Urban Development and promoted, in 2006, the declaration of a Natural Protected Area that includes the majority of of Valle de Bravo and 7 other Municipalities. In 2004 she was a founding partner of Corteza, negotiating the creation of the Trust Fund Valle de Bravo, that relies on Federal, State and private funds. In 2006 she enroles into the State of Mexico Government, where she heads, until 2008, the Coordination of Special Projects of the Lake Commission Valle de Bravo Amanalco, whose objective is to promote and manage the environmental policies of the lake in Valle de Bravo. She has been the Academic Director of the CIAMA/UMA project since 2008.
Lainie Liberti
As always, you can find out more about your host, Lainie Liberti at her website RaisingMiro.com and the alternative education & world schooling project she runs with her teenage son at: ProjectWorldSchool.com. You can also connect with her on twitter @ilainie & facebook.
For full archives of this show and programming schedule, please visit:
ForTheLoveofLearningShow.com
Find us on facebook: For-the-Love-of-Learning-Voices-of-the-Alternative-Education-Movement
For comments, questions, suggestions or if you'd like to be guest on the show, please contact us here.
Posted in Alternative Schools, Higher Education, Learning Communities, Project Based Learning, Sustainability
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For The Love of Learning - Voices of the Alternative Education Movement airs live every Monday 8:00 pm – 10:00 pm EST on the Conscious Consumer Network.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


GATE 2019 Analysis – IIT Madras is conducting the GATE 2019 exam on February 02, 03, 09 and 10, 2019. The exam is being held in 2 sessions and all the 4 days. Thus, there are 8 sessions – S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8. This means there are 8 shifts in all. Now there are 24 papers in GATE 2019 and out of that 2 papers are conducted in multiple shiftThesehis 2 papers are – Mechanical Engineering (ME) and Civil Engineering (CE). All the other papers are conducted in a Single shift. On this page, we are covering the analysis of all the 8 shifts and all the 4 days right after the exam concludes.
Latest: GATE 2019 live updates available here. Analysis and Answer Keys are available after the examination on this page.
Now as per the schedule above the analysis of the subject papers are made available on this page below.
25 NAT questions in the paper carried 1 marks and the rest 2 marks.
There were fewer questions from maths.
Have to put efforts in many questions.
The biotechnology (BT) paper was quite easy, the cutoff may range between 28 to 34.
The 'IN' paper was difficult when compared to last year.
Aptitude and engineering maths were easy compared to last year.
The overall paper was moderate to slightly tough.
The aptitude part was very easy. On the other hand, the technical part was moderate.
Around 1.30 Lakh candidates appeared for the CSE exam today.
Most of the students are saying that paper was easy.
There was a true false based question.
In the aptitude section, there was a crime related question.
From HT, PD, PDC fewer questions were asked.
There were tough questions from DFA.
Overall Analysis by Experts: The papers were moderate to easy.
The papers were tougher as compared to the last year. The expectation of the difficulty level was not as much as it was asked in the exam today.
As per the initial reactions, the questions were tricky.
Questions were mainly designed to test the knowledge of the basic concepts of the candidates.
Most candidates said that the General Aptitude was easier. Many said that the questions related to Quantum were really tough.
The papers were lengthy. Many candidates were not able to complete their paper. There were a lot of questions related to numeric values which consumed a lot of the time.
The technical part was quite difficult.
However, the overall difficulty level was moderate.
Paper was balanced. There was an equal number of good and easy questions.
You might think why is it important to have the GATE 2019 analysis. Well, the analysis of any exam gives a detailed perspective on how the exam will affect the further process like cutoff determination, merit list preparation, and the trend analysis of the exam over the years.
One can guess their chances of scoring high or low.
You get to know the weightage of the sections in the paper.
Also, the difficulty level of the paper is judged.
For upcoming aspirants, the analysis is a blueprint regarding the weightage, the paper pattern, and the difficulty level.
Note that the GATE 2019 exam has 24 papers and out if that only 2 papers are being held in multisession. The result of such papers are normalized and a percentile score is released based on which the admission is made.
The other 22 papers are single session papers, there will be raw scores for these papers and the candidates will get admission into desired courses based on the raw marks only.
The multisession papers are – Mechanical Engineering (ME) and Chemical Engineering (CE).
GATE 2019 is an online exam.
Each paper of GATE 2019 is of 3hours duration. Moreover, each paper consists of a total of 65 questions.
The GATE 2019 paper consists of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions.
Each paper of GATE 2019 carries a total of 100 marks.
Candidates are awarded 1 mark for every correct MCQs carrying 1 mark, while 1/3 mark is deducted for incorrect answer.
For 2 mark MCQs, 2/3 mark is deducted for every wrong response.
There are no negative marking for Numerical Answer Type (NAT) questions.
After the GATE 2019 exam is over, the answer key is released by the authorities. Initially, the memory based answer keys are released that are from the unofficial sources. After that, the official answer keys are available over the official websites. Answer Keys contain the correct answers to the questions asked in the exam.
The candidates can challenge the official answer key. Thereafter on accepting those challenges, the final answer keys are released based in which the GATE result is announced. The candidates can thus check the final answer keys to know their most probable GATE 2019 scores.


The following examples show the points you would score in a theoretical Greek Super League game between Olympiakos and Veria. The bonuses would depend on what other people predicted - but most people would normally predict a Olympiakos win. Notice how the number of bonus points you score rises if your Greek Super League predictions are less likely.
In a normal month, the top 10 predictors in each division will be promoted to the next division, and the bottom 10 will be relegated.
Each trophy is worth "trophy points" in order to calculate the "trophy standings". Finishing top of the division is worth 10 points, down to finishing 10th which is worth 1 point. Points for trophies in the Greek Super League and the Season Standings tables are doubled - so first place is worth 20 points and 10th place is worth 2.
You can issue or accept challenges from other Predict the Greek Super League users, in which your predictions are directly compared for a selection of fixtures during a week. The fixtures that actually count are chosen by the challenger.
You can issue up to 34 "league" challenges in a season, and you are awarded 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 for a defeat. All users are then given a position in the "Challenge" table, based upon the number of challenge points they've accrued over the course of the season. If people are level on points they will be separated by goal difference. Goal difference is calculated based upon how much you won your challenge by - so if you win a challenge by 7 points to 6 you will accrue a positive goal difference of 1.


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Tag Archive for: Humanitarian Challenges
Africa, Children, Global Poverty, Health, Women & Children
Save Lives At Birth Challenge Encourages Innovation
The Save Lives At Birth Challenge seeks to improve the chances of survival for mothers and newborns in developing nations. Their aim is to leapfrog existing products and conventional approaches to find the best possible solution to a difficult problem.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, women are 136 times more likely to die in childbirth than in developed countries. From the beginning of labor through the following 48 hours, the mother and newborn are at the highest risk of infection and complications, and the Save Lives At Birth Challenge seeks to change these unfavorable odds.
The Save Lives At Birth Challenge takes on the leapfrogging mentality: skip intermediary steps and get right to the fastest, smartest and cheapest solution. Each year, Save Lives At Birth offers grant money to innovators with big ideas that will help women and children.
One remarkable innovation that received this grant money was the Gene-Radar, created in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It's an iPad-sized device that accurately tests for diseases such as HIV in less than an hour. In the developing world, it can take up to two weeks to get blood tests and cost up to $200. The Gene-Radar is still in production, however, by the time it is on the market it will be 10 to 100 times cheaper than the current option.
Using the Gene-Radar, health workers would simply have to take a prick of blood, place it on a nano chip, then place the chip in the device and have results within the hour. This would allow the health worker to easily identify the problem, and for the patient to quickly receive treatment.
Another innovation that received grant money was thought up by a car mechanic, Jorge Odón, who got the idea after watching a video on how to remove the lost cork from a wine bottle. He realized the same trick could be used to save a baby stuck in the birth canal. Odón's invention is shockingly simple: an attendant would slip a lubricated plastic bag around the baby's head, inflate to grip and then pull the bag until the baby emerges.
Doctors say this invention has enormous potential in the developing world. Odón has created a solution to a problem that has been around for years. It is innovation like this that the Save Lives At Birth Challenge seeks and promotes.
– Hannah Resnick
Sources: Save Lives At Birth 1, Save Lives At Birth 2, Saving Life at Birth 3, USAID
Photo: Save Lives At Birth
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Borgen Project https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Borgen Project2015-07-23 09:40:102020-07-07 14:37:13Save Lives At Birth Challenge Encourages Innovation
Sustainable Energy and Development
Science Reduces Poverty
Earlier this week in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 55 scientists from throughout the world met to discuss sustainable development solutions and how science can play a leading role in the fight against poverty. The goal is to explore the ways that science can help defeat such challenges faced by all human beings. Members of science academies who were involved in this meet are ones already involved in dealing with global warming, population growth, and evolution issues.
This meeting was organized most importantly to parallel the United Nation's Millennium Goals of 2015 to end global poverty: "Based on the "Future We Want" document signed in Rio last June, the panel organized its meeting to find solutions for the welfare of mankind and for sustainable development." Although industrialized developed countries were mainly prevalent to meet the Millennium Goals, recently there has been a need for input from developing nations as well.
According to the Brazilian representative of the U.N. Development Program, science's role is to change the very path of development which would thereby lead the world to a better outcome. Thus, this meeting will elaborate on the ways that science reduces poverty.
– Leen Abdallah
Source: Global Post
https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg 0 0 Borgen Project https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/The_Borgen_Project_Logo_small.jpg Borgen Project2013-03-02 19:17:342020-04-17 14:42:12Science Reduces Poverty


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Georgia and North Macedonia in sight of Euro 2020 berth
PARIS (AFP) – Neither Georgia nor North Macedonia have come close to qualifying for a major tournament before but both stand just a game away – against each other – from securing a spot at the postponed Euro 2020.
They meet in Tbilisi late tonight (1am Brunei time) in one of the qualifying play-off finals which will decide the last four spots in the 24-team tournament which was delayed to next year because of the coronavirus pandemic.
It is a remarkable opportunity for two of the world's smaller sporting countries, one offered to them via the new UEFA Nations League.
The stakes are high in Tbilisi, with the winners advancing to the finals where they will go into Group C alongside the Netherlands, Ukraine and Austria.
The spectre of COVID-19 will continue to cast a shadow over this European Championship – scheduled to take place in 12 cities all across the continent – for some time yet, but Scotland are desperate to get there no matter what shape the tournament ultimately takes.
They last appeared at a major competition at the 1998 World Cup and have since seen almost two-thirds of all UEFA member nations qualify for at least one tournament, including the likes of Latvia and Albania.
Steve Clarke's team are now on the brink of ending that long wait as they face Serbia in Belgrade.
A Serbia side led by Ajax's Dusan Tadic appears a tough proposition, especially after knocking out Erling Braut Haaland's Norway in the semi-finals.
But Scotland – with Premier League regulars such as Andy Robertson, Kieran Tierney and John McGinn – are unbeaten in eight games and have reason to believe this is their time.
If they do qualify, they will have a clash with England at Wembley to look forward to next summer.
Northern Ireland ended their long wait to return to a major tournament when they reached Euro 2016 under Michael O'Neill.
Ian Baraclough has since succeeded O'Neill and led the team to victory on penalties in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the semi-finals, setting up a play-off final against Slovakia in Belfast.
"It's a game we're capable of winning if we set our minds right, if we do the right things," Baraclough insisted.
Meanwhile, Hungary and Iceland meet in Budapest in a clash of another two surprise packages from Euro 2016.
The winners will advance to a glamour group alongside France, Germany and Portugal with Hungary knowing they will get to play games at home if they qualify.
"Not qualifying is unthinkable, especially as four Euro 2020 games will be played in Budapest," Hungary's Italian coach Marco Rossi told AFP.
However Iceland, with its population of barely 350,000, are eyeing a third consecutive major tournament.
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English title: Determination of felling value.
The article discusses use of felling value in determining the value of growing stock. It has been argued that use of felling value to calculate value for a forest holding usually leads to too high values. Consequently, when setting a price for growing stock, felling value should be applied only for such parts of the property that can be sold immediately at a current price.
The article describes in detail assessment of the felling value, first using timber assortments of the stand, and second, by conducting the felling value using parameters affecting the value, such as volume and tree species of the stand. An assessment method was developed to calculate the value by using structure of a cubic metre of timber in a stand. The structure was determined using data of the national forest inventory in Finland. Finally, the article discusses application of the method.


text:
Q: How to keep a socket connection alive using boost::asio? how can i reuse a tcp connection after asynchronously accept it with acceptor.async_accept(*socket, accept_handler)?
i just wanna accept on this socket again...

A: After you open the acceptor you bind it to an endpoint, this endpoint is what you're accepting on and it (or rather the socket associated with it) gets re-used.  The socket reference you pass into async_accept is a new socket that will hold the next incoming connection.
E.g. in the HTTP Server Boost asio example:
server::server(const std::string& address, const std::string& port,
    const std::string& doc_root)
  : io_service_(),
    acceptor_(io_service_),
    connection_manager_(),
    new_connection_(new connection(io_service_,
          connection_manager_, request_handler_)),
    request_handler_(doc_root)
{
  // Open the acceptor with the option to reuse the address (i.e. SO_REUSEADDR).
  boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(io_service_);
  boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::query query(address, port);
  boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint = *resolver.resolve(query);
  acceptor_.open(endpoint.protocol());
  acceptor_.set_option(boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor::reuse_address(true));
  acceptor_.bind(endpoint);
  acceptor_.listen();
  acceptor_.async_accept(new_connection_->socket(),
      boost::bind(&server::handle_accept, this,
        boost::asio::placeholders::error));
}

The new_connection object created for every async_accept has a new socket to receive the incoming connection.  The acceptor keeps a socket internally for accepting on that is associated with the endpoint you pass it.
If you look at handle_accept:
void server::handle_accept(const boost::system::error_code& e)
{
  if (!e)
  {
    connection_manager_.start(new_connection_);
    new_connection_.reset(new connection(io_service_,
          connection_manager_, request_handler_));
    acceptor_.async_accept(new_connection_->socket(),
        boost::bind(&server::handle_accept, this,
          boost::asio::placeholders::error));
  }
}

You can see that a new connection object is constructed (and in it a new socket) to hold the next incoming connection. new_connection_->socket() returns a reference to that socket.  The acceptor is still accepting on the same socket or port that was initially passed to it.

A: If I'm understanding your question correctly it seems the issue you are having is passing the accepted socket connection to a handling method to process the transfers so that the acceptor can be freed up to get new connections. After you accept a connection you (obviously) need to handle the transfers that come across it. So make an acceptor method that accepts a connection, after a connection is made, create a new handling class and pass it a reference to the io_service and the socket the connection came in on, allow that class to process the transfers for that connection and have the acceptor method wait for more connections (and rinse and repeat). The handling method would be specific to your application.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Richard Giragosian: Russian power and influence in the region has only deepened
Armenia -- Military scouts attend a performance to mark the annual anniversary of the Armenian Armed Forces reconnaissance troops formation, near Yerevan, November 5, 2013
RFE/RL Azerbaijani Service (Radio Azadliq) talked to Richard Giragosian, The Director of Yerevan based Regional Studies Center (RSC) about recent violence on Armenian-Azerbaijani fronline and the future of the Nagorno-Karabakh peace process.
Azadliq: How would you comment on recent clashes on the Armenian-Azerbaiani border. Both sides are blaming each other for the escalation of violence? This is happening just before the renewal of peace negotiations.What is going on?
R.G: Despite the degree of optimism and higher expectations after the November Vienna summit between the Armenian and Azerbaijani presidents, any real hope for progress over the Nagorno Karabakh conflict was quickly replaced by another round of violence. A sudden escalation in tension, fresh ceasefire violations and fatal armed attacks came only days before the two countries' foreign ministers were set to meet in Paris.
This recent renewal of hostilities is also especially serious, for several reasons. First, on January 19, an incursion by an Azerbaijani reconnaissance unit was followed by a sudden flare-up in ceasefire violations elsewhere, as other units sought to provoke an Armenian response prior to the diplomatic summit. And second, although the incident follows a familiar pattern of being timed with the diplomatic calendar, this wave of new violence represents a new demonstration of force by the Azerbaijani leadership and by Azerbaijan's new defense minister.
Armenia -- Richard Giragosian, Director of the Armenian Center for National and International Studies
Yet in a broader sense, the escalation of military hostilities is also driven by two significant factors: a pronounced sense of Azerbaijani frustration over the lack of any real progress from the Karabakh peace process, and due to this year's 20th anniversary of the ceasefire agreement, adding political pressure on the Azerbaijani leadership to display a more robust show of force in the face of no progress over Nagorno Karabakh.
Azadliq: The presidents will meet soon and what do you think will they be discussing in the light of recent clashes? What do you think could push Serzh Sarkisian and Ilham Aliyev to negotiate seriously?
R.G: The diplomatic process will continue, however, and the presidents will still likely meet in the coming month or so, as agreed in Vienna. In fact, the recent escalation in violence only makes such diplomacy more important. But it does also demonstrate that either side can use military force to effectively damage diplomacy and diminishes any hope for any tangible progress.
Azadliq: Any news on Armenian-Turkish "front"? Do you see any movements toward negotiations?
Azadliq: How can Moscow influence the situation especially after Armenia decided to join the customs union.
R.G: In terms of the broader situation, Moscow clearly benefits form the status quo of unresolved conflict. And as the number one arms provider to both Armenia and Azerbaijan, it seems clear that Russian power and influence has only deepened. Moreover, Russian policy remains assertive and confrontational, aimed at "pushing back and pushing out" European engagement in the "near abroad," making the Karabakh conflict a more useful tool for influence and Russian power projection.


What is a WordPress Setup Attack?
A WordPress setup attack is when a hacker locates a WordPress site that has not yet been configured, and quickly takes it over using a remote database and his own credentials. Then the hacker can inject any hostile code that he chooses, followed by returning the website to it's "setup" configuration so that the user is none the wiser.
At a recent security conference, a presentation was made demonstrating how a hacker can use publically available information regarding the issuance of SSL certificates to locate new hosting services. A majority of those services include WordPress websites, and in many cases the hosting provider is leaving the doors wide open for hackers to attack their customer websites. Hackers can locate these fresh installs of WordPress within 30 minutes and compromise them extremely quickly.
If a customer signs up for a "Managed WordPress" service they are expecing that everything will be taken care of for them. They aren't being told if they don't set up their website immediately that it could be compromised by hackers. Furthermore many of these hosting providers charge a hefty fee to restore websites after they have been compromised. Because of these things, it is the responsibility of a hosting provider to ensure that this hack is prevented.
There is a very convenient and easy to use tool to prevent this kind of situation, called WP-CLI. It is a command line tool to perform certain actions on WordPress installations. Using WP-CLI, a hosting provider can add a small script to their 1-Click Installs which provisions the WordPress site to use the appropriate database, sets up the administrator account using a strong password and username, and configures the domain name on the installation. If this is performed as part of the installation procedure it will secure the site from Setup Attacks too quickly for hackers to take advantage of. The settings can later be changed by the user in a variety of ways using back-end controls. Pride Tech Design has been using this method for several months to secure our customer websites against this vulnerability.


text:
Travel Services, Luxury Travel
The Travel Agents Rethinking the Brick and Mortar Retail Experience
- Apr 20, 2017 1:30 am
There are vastly fewer retail travel outlets now than two decades ago, but a few creative agents are rethinking how to buy and sell travel in the real world.
— Laura Powell
The Skift New Luxury Newsletter is our weekly newsletter focused on the business of selling luxury travel, the people and companies creating and selling experiences, emerging trends, and the changing consumer habits around the sector.
In addition to providing this weekly digest with stories that are relevant to the sector, Skift is expanding its coverage of the sector with stories like you find below.
Just when it seemed the brick and mortar travel agency was out of style, old school is making a comeback. It seems that in this day and age of information saturation, growing numbers of people (especially among the millennial set) are craving expert curation and advice as they make their high-end, experiential travel plans.
As the agency world experiences a renaissance of sorts, some innovative players are upping their game by reconceptualizing notions of what a travel storefront should look like. Notes David Kolner, senior vice president of global member partnerships for Virtuoso, "We have to make going to the agency an experience in and of itself by changing the physical space to meet clients where they are."
That's not always so easy to do, according to Keith Waldon, owner of Departure Lounge in Austin, Texas. "The agency business tends to be reactive rather than innovative," he says. "For so many years, it had been about shrinking space to lower overhead, to the point where the industry became invisible at street level."
But some enterprising agency operators are moving into high-traffic areas and creating environments where customers can socialize and relax. While not yet a tipping point, several agency models are hinting at what's next.
The stereotypical travel agency is located in a strip mall and is populated by travel agents sitting behind their desks while outdated images of palm trees and beaches loom on the walls. Well, blah just doesn't cut it anymore, as the owners of The Local Foreigner in New York can attest. Owned by four women, all millennials, the Soho agency's snug office space features a collaborative work area and a cozy living room in which to confer with clients. No individual desks, no uncomfortable chairs.
Meanwhile, over in Germany, the Baden-Baden branch of L'Tur, one of the country's largest agency groups, shares retail space with Starbucks in an upscale mall. Since 2012, L'Tur customers have been able to sip their lattes while brewing up ideas for holidays with agents.
Departure Lounge in Austin, Texas ups the ante even more. In 2015, Keith Waldon opened his hybrid travel agency/coffee bar/wine bar. The downtown space, according to the agency's website, transports customers "to the world's top destinations via organic coffees, small-batch boutique wines, artisan chocolates and cheeses, desserts and large touchscreens that showcase the best places on earth for a future getaway."
A few years ago, travel industry veteran Waldon felt "compelled to get travel agencies back on the street." So, he surveyed Austinites and asked them, "Where are you sitting when you talk to people about travel?" He discovered that the answers always involved social environments. Departure Lounge doubles as an interactive social space unimpeded by desks, computers and "blocking mechanisms," as he calls them. By opening up the space, Waldon provides customers with a comfortable place for agent interaction and has ample space to host travel-related events.
Departure Lounge is now taking off into a franchise model. The prototype franchise will open at Austin's airport in summer 2017 and Waldon expects other branches should be open by early 2018. While they will not have a public bar like the original location, all franchises will offer free beverage menus for clients and will be designed as upscale lounge spaces conducive to hosting events.
While Departure Lounge is going the franchising route, Travel and Transport is looking to keep things in-house as it expands its Travel Design Lounge concept. According to Jeff Cain, senior vice president of the company's specialty divisions, "We are continuing to fine-tune the concept in the prototype location in Omaha, Nebraska (which opened at the end of 2015) before going on to target major cities." That part of the equation likely will not take place for a year or two.
The Travel Design Lounge, although it also incorporates alcohol, coffee and food and hosts experiential travel-related events (Italian Wine Night, anyone?) differs from its Austin-based competitor in several ways. While Departure Lounge invites independent travel advisors to come into the space to consult with clients, the Travel Design Lounge has full-time agents in-house. Additionally, it relies more on alternative revenue streams. According to Cain, "while travel is definitely the biggest revenue driver, we do derive profits from our food and beverage sales and space rental."
Of course, adding bars, lounges and the like can be expensive. As Mark McSpadden, the director of Sabre Labs notes, before anyone considers new ideas, they have to ponder whether concepts makes strategic sense. "Agencies trying to differentiate their storefronts need to consider how that translates in terms of marketing efforts and moreover, whether the changes will lead to higher conversion rates," says McSpadden. Waldon agrees, claiming that the conversion rates for agents who meet their clients in-person at The Departure Lounge is a whopping 83 percent, nearly tripling the industry rate average.
What's next? Likely more space for in-store virtual reality. China's Zanadu is all in on the concept. In 2016, the Chinese luxury lifestyle travel platform opened its cutting-edge Travel Experience Space in Shanghai, providing 360-degree virtual reality experiences and other high-tech travel experiences. Singapore's Flight Centre is another leader in introducing VR to its storefronts. Thomas Cook UK is committing to virtual reality in a big way through the rollout of its new Discovery store concept, which began in earnest in 2016. Several agencies in North America are piloting VR programs with higher-end headsets like the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive. And once that becomes the norm, don't be surprised to see the introduction of virtual reality rooms, where clients can wander as they watch — then book.
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Tags: new luxury, retail
Photo Credit: The Travel Design Lounge in Omaha, NE incorporates food and drink into its more traditional travel agent offerings. Travel Design Lounge / Facebook
Travelport + Skift
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2019 Innovators in Hospitality and Travel: Summer Edition


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Original Smurf cartoon drawings by artist Peyo lead 'smurftastic auction'
Although many will think of them purely as being a Hanna-Barbera animated series, the famous little blue people of the forest known as the Smurfs originated with the Belgian cartoonist Peyo (pen name of Pierre Culliford).
Culliford came up with the name when he couldn't remember the name for salt in a restaurant and asked his companion to pass the 'schtroumpf'. They replied, "Here's the schtroumpf — when you are done schtroumpfing, schtroumpf it back...".
So long before the Dutch translation converted the word to 'Smurf' the long-standing joke of using it in place of as many words as possible was born.
The Smurfs as we know them had their first outing in an episode of Johan et Pirlouit which Peyo was working on. That cartoon was a swords and sorcery piece pairing a King's page with a loyal sidekick of diminished stature.
Peyo decided that a quest to find a magic flute would move along better with the introduction of some tiny blue people and the rest is history.
Sneeze yourself healthy... Papa Smurf dispenses a cure
Now French auction house Artcurial is offering 33 examples of Peyo's work including a number of original Smurf pages, which are expected to bring five figure sums. Two examples include: the front cover of the Baby Smurf issue from 1984 and a page from a 1963 story of the curing of 'black Smurfs'.
The front cover was part of a response to a feature length film for the cinema of the Hanna-Barbera episode called The Baby Smurf. Due to the sheer success of the animations, Peyo was concerned, hoping that his characters would not be forgotten in their original comic format.
He decided to begin publication of an album charting their history, which would be released in parallel with the feature length production.
This cover is quite exceptional in more than one regard as it is the only album cover to include so many key characters: Papa Smurf, Smurfette, Brainy Smurf, Grouchy Smurf, Jokey Smurf and Baby Smurf.
The page is expected to achieve €40,000-60,000 ($83,400). This is an exceptional extract from this story where, after many attempts, Papa Smurf manages to find an antidote from pollen of the tuberose, allowing the Black Smurfs to regain their original colour and character.
This strip, also listed at €40,000-60,000 ($83,400) marked by stronger drama than you might expect leads to a happy ending with a welcome dose of humour. The Smurf holding a poppy in the final panel would serve as inspiration to Pierre Culliford for design of the album cover.
Many questions were asked about why black was used by Peyo for the colour of the Smurfs' skin in the album of the same name. Hanna-Barbera Studios would instead change this to purple, in 'The Purple Smurfs', for obvious reasons.
Peyo had no such easy solution available however as he never illustrated in colour and so Smurfs drawn a different colour to mark the contrast between the Smurfs who were stung by the 'Bzz' fly and the others had to be drawn in black, whatever they were called.
An original signed illustration of Snoopy from Peanuts by Charles Schulz
Available now - click here for more info
Original children's cartoons can often be valuable especially if there is an ongoing contemporary interest. (It won't have hurt the auction's prospects one bit that the film 'The Smurfs in 3D' by Raja Gosnell, was released on 3 August 2011 worldwide.)
Whether it's Asterix or Tintin (more so in Europe, though the new Tintin movie will spread the word) or Charlie Brown and Peanuts (especially in America), the nostalgic interest is strong. We recently discussed the popularity of cartoon pirate Captain Pugwash on our blog.
Artcurial's auction takes place in Paris on October 29.


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CBS Drama Series Bringing In 'Eye-Popping Numbers' in the Aftermarket
CBS Chief Executive Leslie Moonves revealed that one of the network's current dramas is bringing in a whopping dollar figure in aftermarket sales. Writing in Variety, Brian Steinberg reports that Moonves said "Elementary" is getting $2.7 million per episode in the aftermarket, driven by exclusive licensing deals.
CBS has made deals with Hulu Plus and Tribune's WGN America, with both to air the program after the show's third season.
"'Elementary' is a great show and a very successful show, but it's not a grand slam," Moonves said at an investor conference. "Hulu Plus wanted to take it off the market in SVOD [subscription video on demand]. WGN wanted similar terms."
Steinberg writes: "CBS Corp. is smaller than many of its rivals, such as NBCUniversal or 21st Century Fox, and so it relies more heavily on its ability to generate broad-viewership hits which then prove popular with syndicators and aftermarket vendors. The ability to keep a pipeline full of shows with potential for aftermarket pickup is one of the signs investors monitor when viewing CBS Corp."
He adds: "This isn't the first time the CBS chief has let slip eye-popping numbers for how much episodes of CBS shows generate from licensing deals. In December, he suggested Amazon was paying $700,000 per episode for the rights to stream last year's first season of 'Under the Dome.'"
'Will & Grace' Creators Get Order for Their New Comedy Project
HBO Scraps Planned Drama Project — Despite a Lineup of Big Players on Both Sides of the Camera


Did you hear the news? Casey Neistat is hiring freelancers to help create branding for his latest venture, 368.
The YouTuber announced the initiative to his 10 million subscribers in a video on Tuesday. He's partnered up with Adobe to hire and to fly out freelancers to New York City for a week-long creative project where they will "design the visual identity of his brand." And yes, my friends - this gig is paid.
The freelancers chosen for this opportunity will be provided with all travel accommodations and $5,000 for a week's work.
Ready to #ScopeThis opportunity? To apply, you need to subscribe to the Adobe Creative Cloud YouTube Channel and share examples of work on either Instagram or Twitter using the #Adobe368 hashtag. Act fast. The gig starts this Sunday, December 9 and runs through Saturday, December 15. Submissions are due by and selected on Friday, December 7th.
To get all of the necessary details and eligibility requirements, read the official announcement on Adobe's blog: One Week at 368.
And Casey, if you're looking for a freelance communications consultant with a background in news, consumer brands, video games and esports to help build 368's brand strategy - I'm available.


Fair Trade USA is a nonprofit organization and leading certifier of fair trade products in the United States. Their rigorous audit system tracks products from farm to market and verifies industry and farmer compliance with fair trade criteria. Fair Trade USA authorizes companies to display the Fair Trade Certified label on products that meet their high standards. Fair Trade USA seeks to inspire the rise of the conscious consumer and eliminate exploitation. Their website includes links to certified companies that offer fair trade products including apparel, household goods, food, body care, coffee, tea, and wine.
Paper High sells Fair Trade paper products and unusual eco-friendly gifts made in India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Their products are handmade using locally sourced sustainable and recycled materials wherever possible. Paper High works with small family businesses, community incentives, charities and accredited Fair Trade organizations and they promise that every product offered is Fair Trade as set out by the World Fair Trade Organisation. Products available for sale online include journals, photo albums, leather bags, housewares, and gifts.
Fairtrade International is an organization that coordinates Fairtrade labeling and sets international Fairtrade standards. Fairtrade International organizes support for producers around the world, develops global Fairtrade strategies, and promotes trade justice internationally. Fair trade is an alternative approach to conventional trade based on partnerships between producers, traders, businesses, and consumers. The international Fairtrade system - made up of Fairtrade International and its member organizations - represents the world's largest and most recognized fair trade system.


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The three tax benefits that expire on December 31, 2022
During 2022, they approved a series of regulations with an impact on the business sector, including some related to temporary exemptions in tax matters, such as the reduction of the IGV for mype companies in the gastronomy and tourism sector. However, other standards are about to expire.
The tax lawyer Miguel Carrillo, detailed what are the three tax benefits that expire on December 31 of this year:
Tax benefits provided for in Law No. 30309
The Law that promotes Scientific Research, Technological Development and Technological Innovation (R+D+i) was modified by Emergency Decree No. 010-2019 that provided for the extension of Law No. 30309 until December 31, 2022.
Said norm recognizes the expense made in these activities, such as scientific research projects, technological development and technological innovation, qualified and authorized by the Concytec and, in addition, an additional deduction equivalent to a percentage of the expense in innovation, which can be 50%. , 75% or up to 115%.
The Congressional Economy Commission approved an opinion that modifies the deduction rates and extends the benefit until December 31, 2025. Said opinion passed this December 21 to the Plenary Session of Congress and would be close to its vote.
The text would give the green light for taxpayers who spend on projects related to the standard to access deductions of up to 240%.
Exemptions contained in Appendices I and II of the IGV Law.
Through Legislative Decree No. 1519, the validity of the exemptions contained in Appendices I and II of the IGV Law was established until December 31, 2022.
Faced with this, the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) approved a bill to extend the validity of the norm until December 2025. Said tax benefit covers vegetables, legumes, beans and fruits and inputs for agriculture (fertilizers and fertilizers) and animal husbandry; and it will also reach the transport, communications, housing, culture and foreign relations sectors.
The opinion was placed on the agenda of the plenary session on December 16 and its approval is expected before the expiration date.
Additional deduction of fourth and fifth category income expenses.
Through the Second Complementary and Final Provision of Law No. 31103, published on December 30, 2020, it was established that for the taxable years 2021 and 2022, the deductible expense will be 50% of the services of tourist guides and services adventure tourism, ecotourism or similar, as well as artisan services, as long as the requirements set forth in the regulations are met, when the service provider generates third-category income.
Likewise, it was established that for the years 2021 and 2022, 25% of the amounts paid for tourist guide services, and adventure tourism, ecotourism or similar, when the service provider generates fourth category income.
On the other hand, it was established that for the years 2021 and 2022, 25% of the amounts paid for bar, restaurant, lodging, discotheque services, services included in ISIC 55 and 56 respectively, are deductible as an expense, as long as when they are supported by an electronic sales receipt.
"If the percentage of deduction as an expense is not extended, for fourth and fifth category income generators of the services in reference, the percentage of deduction for tourist and artisan services would be 30% contained in the receipt for fees issued by said service providers, and 15% for consumption in restaurants, bars, discotheques and lodging".
While the application of the deduction of up to 25% of the deductible expenses for a natural person who generates fourth-category income for consumption in a bar, restaurant, disco supported by an electronic sales receipt, would return as of January 1, 2023, to the percentage of 15%.


Creation Station is our after school provision. It is run by Mrs Sam Douglass. The children have a great time at the club playing games, making things, using the computers, having a film night and many more fun activities.
If you would like to send your child to the club please contact the office as you need to pre-book and pay for the provision. However, if you need support in a short notice situation we will be able to help on the odd occasion. The only reason we ask that you pre-book is to ensure that the staffing numbers are appropriate to the number of children attending.
If you would like anymore information either pop in to Creation Station after school or ring the office on 365217.


At the junction of Wood Close and Bolton Street. From town centre follow signs to the Great Park and turn right into Bolton Street at the 40mph sign.
The museum contains a well displayed and comprehensive collection tracing the history of the Regiment since its beginnings in 1794.


After growing up surfing in Florida, Mike Shimkonis decided to give higher ground a try and settled in Colorado over 25 years ago, first in Vail, then moving to Telluride in 1993. Prior to working with Telluride Properties, he was a senior sales and marketing executive for the Vail and Telluride ski companies.
Advising clients with 59 transactions totaling over $45 Million in sales in 2017.


ARTICLE: Demi Lovato's Concerts Sell Out In MINUTES!
We won't call it a comeback, because clearly, she never left the hearts of her fans! The love her now just as much as they ever did! And we love her too!!! This morning, tickets went on sale for Demi Lovato's new dates and within MINUTES, her New York's Hammerstein Ballroom show on September 17th (15 min) and her Los Angeles' Club Nokia show on September 23rd (30 min) SOLD OUT! SOLD OUT!!! Girl is unstoppable! You know we'll be there, honey! We wouldn't miss it for the world!!!
ARE YOU GOING TO DEMI LOVATO'S NEW YORK OR/AND LOS ANGELES SHOW?


Amen! Holy Spirit guide You/Us!
Janet, we met a long time ago; we have both listened to the love of the Divine Will within our souls; we are but the "breatheofgod"; both destined to fulfill His Divine Will. Mary's sorrow is ours too..with our daily tribulations…many souls will be saved…Praise The Father, Son and The Holy Spirit…The Divine Will!
We are so greatly loved by the Almighty. Blessed be God! Blessed be His Holy Name!!
Condolences in abundance as well as my many poor prayers. You have well stated the truth. May your trials produce abundance of fruit.
God is acting powerfully and swiftly in your life. He is lavishing you with His Love.
So sorry for your loss! God is good everyday and all of the time. I will be praying for you as you adjust.
Jesus said: "My daughter, encourage souls to say the chaplet which I have given to you. It pleases Me to grant everything they ask of Me by saying the chaplet. … Write that when they say this chaplet in the presence of the dying, I will stand between My Father and the dying person, not as the just Judge but as the merciful Savior (Diary, 1541).
Earlier, Our Lord said to her, "At the hour of their death, I defend as My own glory every soul that will say this chaplet; or when others say it for a dying person, the indulgence is the same" (Diary, 811).
May The HOLY SPIRIT come as Comforter during this time for you and your family…much Love to you Janet from a long time Pelianito blog family member!!!
And as always: JESUS I Trust in YOU!
Bless you AJ for the reminding us of the unimaginable graces given to us by Jesus through St. Faustina. I felt it was a great grace to be able to pray a chaplet in his presence before he passed. I did have a dream about Jim a few days after he died. He looked great with no lines on his face and he told me he was celebrating! Jesus, you alone are worthy of trust! I praise and glorify you with your own Divine Will. Blessed be God forever!
And my house deal went through! Blessings abound!


eeemerging expands its network in 2019!
eeemerging was launched in 2014 by 8 co-organisers. It has grown and flourished thanks to the support of the Creative Europe program of the European Union from September 2014 to September 2018. 25 ensembles have been supported, 70 residencies and 170 concerts were organized during these 4 years. An exciting success that allows eeemerging to expand its network to Spain, Poland and the Czech Republic for 2019.
In 2019, eeemerging ensembles will be welcomed by : Ambronay Cultural Encounter Centre in Ambronay, France – Göttingen International Handel Festival in Göttingen, Germany – Ghislierimusica in Pavia, Italy – Riga Early Music Centre in Riga, Latvia – the Music Centre of the National University of Music in Bucharest, Romania – Ars Ramovš in Ljubljana, Slovenia – the National Centre for Early Music (NCEM) in York, England – the Janacek Academy for Music in Brno, Czech Republic – the National Forum of Music in Wroclaw, Poland – the Torroella de Montgri Music Festival, Spain.
The eeemerging partners selected 2 ensembles to join the eeemerging program in 2019 for a first year of support : Palisander and Dichos Diabolos.
These 2 ensembles will each benefit from several periods of residency, hosted by the partners. They will perform concerts at the eeemerging partners venues.
During the eeemerging Festival in Ambronay on September 29th and 30th, the partners listened to the 6 ensembles selected in 2018 and voted for 2 of them: Cantoría and Rumorum have been selected for a second year of support.
Cantoría won the Audience Award in Ambronay's Festival.
La Vaghezza and Concerto Di Margherita will benefit from a 3rd year of support, including residencies and concerts.
6 emerging ensembles will be part of the eeemerging programme in 2019.


Home Hindu What Does CHANTING OM Mean?
"OM" is India's supreme mantra, the most sacred sound, the pranava. It comes from the most ancient Vedic times. More than any particular name of the Divinity in Hinduism, it conveys the ineffability and the depths of the divine Mystery. It bears no special distinct meaning, as do the names, for example, of Shiva and Rama. It does not even recall any mythological or semi-historical event. It is a kind of inarticulate exclamation uttered when one is confronted with the Presence within and around oneself.
"So while there is a direct analogue in Christian practice for this kind of prayer, it follows that OM is not a chant to be used lightly, or simply because it's "cool" or "what people do" in yoga classes. Out of respect for the unique status of this word in the yogic tradition, a teacher deciding to use it would do well to do some catechesis around the word and the apophatic expression of Christian prayer to enable the Christian participants to see how their own spiritual tradition also recognizes what OM is intended to express.
""The use of the pranava (OM) cannot be recommended indiscriminately to Christians, or of course to any others. It is too rich and too exalted for anyone to be capable of using it unless s/he has at least begun to taste the inner experience to which it refers. Otherwise it remains an empty sound, having no spiritual echo in the one who utters it. But if the Christian has tasted the spiritual tradition of India, and better still, if he has accepted the full implications of the gospel's message (for the gathering and summing up of all things in Christ, and in him, the return of all to the Father, the Source and Consummation of all (1 Cor. 15:28,) and has allowed the Spirit to lead him into the depths of his own heart, then he is as much entitled as his Hindu brother or sister to sing or whisper the OM, the ultimate symbol of the abysmal depth of God and the self" (Abhishiktananda, Prayer, SPCK, 1967, p. 61).
As an alternative, some participants of our network choose to use the word "shalom," which is the Hebrew word for peace, God's peace, and which ends with a similar sound.


Click on the "Get Tickets" links below for more details about each game!
This package gets you discounted admission to all of CRG's 2019 home games and other perks.
Each event is a double-header featuring CRG's A team, the Black Sheep, and B team, the Violent Lambs. Doors open at 5 p.m. and the first game starts at 6 p.m. on each date. Each double-header ends at approximately 9:15 p.m.
All 2019 home games take place at Schmidt Memorial Fieldhouse on Xavier University's campus at 3900 Winding Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229.


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Home » Archived Missing » Betty Alexander goes missing from Missouri, front door found unlocked, then locked
Betty Alexander goes missing from Missouri, front door found unlocked, then locked
Betty Alexander, 69, is missing from Sullivan, Missouri. She was last seen on April 11, 2019.
"I found her glasses sitting on her recliner and that's when I knew something was wrong," Tonya Tolliver, her daughter told Fox2Now news.
Betty was retired and loved to garden and craft. She was last seen on April 10, when she had her medication delivered to her from the pharmacy. The medication she takes at 7 p.m. appeared to have been taken. But, the medication the following morning had not. Her physical therapist called her on Thursday and she did not answer the phone. On Thursday, Meal on Wheels stopped by her house to give her meals and she did not answer the door. On Friday, Meals on Wheels stopped by again and found her door was unlocked and they set her meals on the table. When her daughter came by on Sunday to take her shopping, the door is locked so she unlocks it to come in and find her meals still on the table, according to Synova Cantrell.
Betty wears glasses but she left her glasses behind and her keys. Betty does have the beginning stages of dementia. She does not have a cell phone.
On July 1, the Bring Betty Home Facebook page stated, "We had an extremely skilled team of 4 search dogs come in today who were trailing and cadaver dogs, but unfortunately we are still left with no answers."
Drones have also done a search in the wooded area around her home, but she is still missing.
In July, a PI found a witness that stated, he saw Betty in front of Sullivan's fire station Thursday, April 11, at 5 p,m., which is a block away from her home at the Center Street Apartments.
"She was wearing tan matching top matching bottoms like pajamas, he said. She was just standing in the middle of the road kind of frozen there staring at the fire station," Tolliver said.
"It adds more to the puzzle now, more questions where was she from Wednesday 7 p.m. after taking her medication to Thursday 5 p.m. Where did go after 5 p.m.? We are in the middle of town, it's a busy intersection, somebody had to of seen where she went," Tolliver tells us.
What troubles Tolliver the most was the condition that her mom seemed to be in when she was last seen. We're told she seemed terrorized and extremely scared.
Alexander is a Caucasian woman, 5′ 2″ tall, weighs 145 pounds, with brown hair and blue eyes. She wears her hair at shoulder length and may not be wearing shoes.
Anyone with information is asked to call the Sullivan Police Department at 573-468-8001. There is a $3,000 reward.