text:
Apartment buildings in Pyongyang / Image: Todd Mecklem, Creative Commons, Flickr
A glimpse into North Korea's housing permit system
Kang Mi Jin
2019.09.27 10:00am
According to regulations stipulated by housing use permits, North Koreans are required to complete the residential registration process within 15 days and move into their new homes within two months, Daily NK has learned.
Daily NK sources say that those who fail to meet these requirements may lose their housing allocation.
North Korea distinguishes between housing in urban and rural areas, and there are permits specific to rural and urban housing that involve different rules.
Permits for urban housing are printed on blue paper, but rural housing permits are printed on pulp paper similar to those used by newspapers.
The permits are issued by the local people's committees, which means that the quality of paper, color and format of the permits can be different depending on where they are from.
Rural permits include a rule stipulating that "pumpkins and grape vines should not be placed on roofs." Pumpkin vines are commonly grown on roofs as they provide extra space, but the crops can become quite heavy and compromise the structural integrity of the building.
The first page of the permits feature the words "Housing Use Permit" along with "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" written in large letters. North Korean houses are considered property of the state by law, with citizens only being granted "use" of the houses.
The permits also include the housing address, whether the housing is single story or multi-story, and the type of heating available (Korean-style floor heating or otherwise). All of this information must be included in accordance with Article 20 of North Korea's Housing Act.
"The permits are required to have all the former and current addresses of the permit holders written down, and there's even a registration number in the permits to prevent them from being copied," the source who provided the permit to Daily NK said. In the 2000s, as buying and selling of houses became the norm in North Korea, fake permits became a problem.
An example of a North Korean rural housing permit. / Image: Daily NK
The permits also include the name of the permit holder, their professional title, and the names and titles of previous occupants of the house. Daily NK sources say that such information was not previously included, but it may have been added recently to help settle claims regarding damage or changes to housing.
North Koreans are not permitted to modify the structure or the use of buildings they occupy. Even temporary revamps to apartments in urban areas have led to accidents, so authorities strictly prohibit any changes.
Apartments constructed before 2010 were often shoddily built and did not include living rooms. Recent apartments now include verandas, family rooms and other features, and are larger than before.
There are eight rules that users of housing in North Korea must follow after receiving a permit. These rules include prohibitions against damaging any of the items inside the houses and handing over the house to another party without permission. People who violate the rules face punishment.
The state assigns housing only to those in Pyongyang and specific classes of people, such as soldiers who have received honorable discharges. Most housing is bought and sold through private transactions, so the permit system supports the management of housing in the country.
Please direct any comments or questions about this article to dailynkenglish@gmail.com.


Authors: Thill, Ronald E.; Tappe, Philip A.; Koerth, Nancy E.
Source: In: Baker, James B., camp. Proceedings of the symposium on ecosystem management research in the Ouachita Mountains: pretreatment conditions and preliminary findings; 1993 October 26-27; Hot Springs, AR. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-l 12. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station: 126-143.
A long-term, stand-level, interdisciplinsry research and demonstration project was initiated on the Ouachia (ONF) and Ozark-St. Francis National Forests in Arkansas in 1990 to compare the impacts of alternative reproduction cutting methods on commodity and noncommodity forest resources including wildlife habitat and populations. Habitat masurement procedures and pretreatment habitat conditions for 20 of the 52 stands included in this study are summaraizedhere. The wildlife component of this study consists of a completely randomized block design involving four physiographic zones (blocks), each containing one replication of five treatments (four future treatments and an untreated, late-rotation control). Of the 69 habitat parameters analyzed to date, 11 differed significantly (P < O.05) by physiographic zone, but only 1 differed by future treatement. From a wildlife standpoint, these late-rotation stands primarily consisted of south-facing, relatively xeric sites characterized by high canopy coverage, an abundance of mostly small hardwoods, very limited winter herbage and browse supplies, moderate snag abundance, and limited amounts of downwood. Most of the hardwoods are too small to produce much mast, and densities of the larger (235 cm in dbh.) snags are insufficient to accommodate high populations of several of the larger resident cavity-dependent wildlife species. Snags and down logs of recent origin were generally scarce. Recent amendment of the USDA Foreat Service ONF Forest Plan should help to ameliorate these conditions.
Citation: Thill, Ronald E.; Tappe, Philip A.; Koerth, Nancy E. 1994. Wildlife Habitat Conditions in Mature Pine Hardwood Stands in the Ouachita/Ozark National Forests. In: Baker, James B., camp. Proceedings of the symposium on ecosystem management research in the Ouachita Mountains: pretreatment conditions and preliminary findings; 1993 October 26-27; Hot Springs, AR. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-l 12. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station: 126-143.


The Accountant-General of the Federation, Mr Ahmed Idris has said that his office was carrying out a forensic audit of federal government's agencies to access true state of their revenue generation.
This was contained in a statement made available to newsmen on Wednesday in Abuja by the Director of Press, office of the AGF, Mrs Kenechukwu Offie.
According to the statement, Ahmed had engaged the services of 18 professional Audit companies to undertake the Process Audit of the Federal Parastatals and Agencies.
He said the audit process would cover the period of 2010 to 2015, and would be completed in 18 months.
The Fiscal Responsibility Commission was always accusing Federal Government's revenue generating agencies of short-changing the government.
According to the acting Chairman of FRC, Mr Victor Muruako, many agencies under-declare their revenue, therefore fail to remit 80 per cent of their operating surplus into FG's Consolidated Revenue Funds.
FRC had gone after the Nigeria Ports Authority, (NPA) Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), with success.
Idris said that the audit would also cover capital, personnel and overhead expenditure across all Federal Government's Ministries, Departments and Agencies.
He said this would enable the Federal Government take better decisions, in view of the dwindling inflow of Government revenue.
He said the first phase of the assignment was divided into two categories and will involve 33 Agencies.
Category A, comprises of eight agencies with a turnover of above N100 billion and category B involves 25 agencies with a turnover of below N100 billion".
The AGF said some of the terms of reference given to the Consultants was to review the sources of revenues accruing to the organisations and the effectiveness of revenue generation and accounting.
"Undertake a critical review of the financial statements of the organisations over the last five years, confirm the sources and quantum of funding received from Government, whether loans, subventions or grants and reconcile with treasury records.
"Determine the amount of remittances made to the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF) over the last five years in the form of operating surplus and revenue dividends.
"Determine the extent of compliance with extant regulations regarding the adequacy and regularity of remittances to the CRF.
"Identify all income and interest thereon and make adequate recommendations on the future management of the organisations," he said.
Ahmed said the consultants were to establish the cost of operations and make appropriate recommendations to understand real personnel cost and cost associated with revenue collection or revenue sharing arrangement.
He assured the consultants of the support and assistance of the OAGF in discharging their duties.
He said however, that their activities would be closely monitored by experienced staff of the OAGF to ensure that ''government gets value for money''.


My research into the Messiah-idea has led me to some strange conclusions and paradoxes. I have come to reject without reservation what I call the "one-man hypothesis": the idea that the Messiah could be one singular flesh and blood person who would "accomplish" salvation for all for all time, who would be the direct representative of God on earth, who was uniquely chosen according to a plan of salvation, and so on. This hypothesis fails in two basic directions–either the actuality of the Messiah becomes impossible and demands an interminable waiting upon his ever-deferred arrival (roughly the Judaic view), or "one man" is elevated to the status of God-Man and latched onto with unwavering belief, an attachment that, in order to be sustained, demans extreme religious idolization and/or a culture of glorification.
As our secularized Christmas rituals demonstrate, the second option has no problem cozying up to the powers of this world: money, consumerism, materialism, hierarchies, churches, etc. This is not a knock against Christmas, just an acknowledgement that, in most cases, little thought is given to the birth of the Messiah or what it might mean. In that sense, the first option–a waiting that spans the duration of a life–is infinitely preferable, because then at least the question is kept alive–what is the Messiah and what would its coming mean?–a question that, in my view, can and should be exported from its religious heritage and repurposed for a new use, for a generic humanity that is radically unaffiliated and undefined.
Following a number of thinkers, it thus proved useful to isolate something like "messianity" from out of the religious complex of confusions and mystifications. Messianity can be conceived along the same lines as "humanity," modifying it or even replacing it. A continual rebirth that surprises us each time, that introduces a profound indetermination into our being, that frees us from the anxiety produced by judgments, predicates, and categories, and that thereby leaves us in peace. In this way, the transformative potential of the Messiah-idea is retained without getting hung up on famous persons, fantasies of divine glory, and dogmatic hierarchies between beings of whatever sort.
So, instead of focusing our attention on the exceptional status of one-man (King, Savior, Priest), what if we sought the source and reality of salvation in the "ordinary messiahs" that we are? As suggested above, this would mean focusing on the love that victims of the world manifest for each other, their immanent mode of "overcoming" world-oppression, which love does not so much eliminate as place in a margin or render "neglectible." A justice that is not retaliatory, but compassionate, attending to the "last," not the first. A (non-)activism that does not once again become the puppet of power (of representation, of the will, of duties and commandments, of morality, etc.), but instead assumes the position of any-victim, both undergoing the world and "causing" or letting it go under. It is capable of resisting not just some given object or situation in the world (which provides only the occasion), but the world-form itself, disempowering it and bringing it down. This is the weak power of messianity as a priori defense of humans from the harassment of the world (my interpretation of John 16:33).
This is also probably what the Christmas holiday, despite its perversions, retains: its orientation toward "loved-ones" (where there is still exceptionality, but now it is ordinary, without need of universalization or elevation; it is there only in finite, mortal, singular manifestations); its ability to reconnect us with our own histories in a way we usually overlook, to imbue us with a feeling of generational continuity; its silent and snowy landscape of inactivity and simplicity, lacking any imperative to "do" anything–these are all experiences of eternity proper to ordinary messianity. On this day, the world is supposed to disappear, a message of peace on earth is supposed to reign, and we feel compelled to overlook the minor differences and disputes that have accumulated over the year–to love, forgive, enjoy our common presence, and be thankful for whatever blessings we may have. Beginning with the lived, and with the dead we carry with us in it, thanks to it.
There are of course other things to emphasize about messianity, but in a sense it all comes down to the ordinariness and simplicity of the lived, its power to "bring down" the big structures and strictures of the world–to cherish the local, one says, to dwell in the heart, says another, to credit the meek with the inheritance of the earth, says yet another. All these metaphors are subject to abuse, as is the salutation Merry Christmas. Well, Merry Christmas anyway. May you continually resume the messianity in your human, and find peace in the immanent rebirth.
A merry Christmas to you, also. But what I hope for is a happy New Year.
As I do not travel the world, I must learn from those I respect from reading their words. What I read is that we, in the U.S., are living out the consequences of a theocracy, and the progress is slow. Much of the rest of the First World has become atheist and that can be considered a trend.
I grew up believing we had as much time as it might take to learn from our mistakes. With climate change and arms races, that is no longer the case. Time is short. We need to stop making global mistakes. And that requires inspired leadership.
Simon Critchley tells us that we need a political philosophy. Jean-Luc Nancy tells us that Marxism is passé. Enough Americans, who still believe that government is the enemy, prevent the progressive change we need to cope with the demands of a globalized world. When questioned, Barak Obama replied, "You saw what they did to Martin Luther King." Heidegger said, "Only a God can save us now." Maybe, as Derrida puts it, messianity without a messiah. Education, alone, is not enough. I will be grateful for one more happy New Year.
If no language was permitted but that which is not subject to abuse, the message would not be of deliverance but of a worse binding yet. Merry Christmas, Tim.
Merry belated Christmas and Happy New Year to you too, Bryan. Been some time since we had a good exchange, but you remain present in my thoughts. Curious what you would think of Laruelle's non-philosophy and his thinking of the One. Anyhow, until then, take care. Tim.


text:
USAG Wiesbaden
News and events for the U.S. Army Garrison Wiesbaden military community in Germany
Wiesbaden – Taunus Theater
Other theaters
STEM Camp:Developing next-generation engineers
Getting up early during the summer break is a drag for some students.
But the "STEMulation" offered at one DoDDS summer camp had students leaping out of bed, and eager to see what the day had in store.
The RoboWarriors Robotics club hosted STEM Camp Aug. 5-9 for sixth- through ninth-graders to spread the good news of engineering.
The third iteration of the camp, tied into Department of Defense Education Activity's Science, Technology, Engineering and Math initiative, was a hands-on workshop that hosted 70 campers and was focused on engineering.
Photo by Chrystal Smith
Quinn Davis uses a utility knife to make precise cutouts of wood for his glider project during STEM Camp Aug. 7 at Wiesbaden High School. The camp was one of two held by the RoboWarriors Robotics Club to enliven youth's interests in engineering.
"We are reaching into the middle school to stimulate their school's STEM program," said Frank Pendzich, Wiesbaden High School instructor of engineering and technology.
Every morning began with a teambuilding project that encouraged the students to work together to solve various problems.
Pendzich, said he wanted to expose the youths to the 10-step method of problem solving in hopes of triggering creativeness.
"Children are often taught to copy ideas. When you hear words and phrases like 'I'm confused,' 'I don't know what to do,' 'I don't understand,' it implies that one is in a copy mode and doesn't really know how to tap into their creativity," said Pendzich, adding that in industry its a usual step in completing engineering and design processes, even in making successful moon landings. "So you let them flounder and eventually they put pen to paper. It may not work, but at least they have gone through the process of problem solving.
"The sooner they learn it the better they will be able to apply it in everyday situations and future occupations."
The club's members filled the roles of camp instructors, getting an opportunity to practice their leadership skills.
The opportunity gave Zachary Cassou, soon-to-be senior, insight into his future career choices of teaching and engineering.
"There are so many different personalities at work here," he said explaining that the types of designs are closely related to the varied personalities of the campgoers.
As the robotics club members were enjoying the chance to lead, the campers were eating up the multiple opportunities for problem solving, designing,building and testing multiple projects.
Harper Parker and Jack Love, soon-to-be sixth-graders, said getting up early was worth it.
"You get to make stuff, you're learning, you get to work with material and tools you don't usually," said Parker.
When asked to choose between football and STEM camp the choice was easy for Quinn Davis, soon-to-be 10th-grader, who said his decision even surprised his mother.
"I like the hands-on part of this camp. It's better than many of the academic camps I've been too," he said. "It's fun, exciting and gets everyone involved."
Guiliana Weiss works on details for the design of her lighter-than-air craft at STEM Camp Aug. 7.
Future scientist Clara Kuersten, soon-to-be seventh-grader, said she just wanted insight into the world of engineering.
"I don't usually do stuff like this. I'm just doing it because I wanted to know a little more," she said. "Knowledge is never bad."
The exposure to engineering and science even inspired one to change her career aspirations.
Santy Dembele, soon-to-be sixth-grader said she no longer looks forward to becoming a professional athlete, now her sights are set on becoming an engineer. "I can build things. I want to build robots," she said.
Learn more about the RoboWarriors and Wiesbaden High School Engineering Department at http://robo.eportalnow.at
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Deputy P. Brown performs a search at the Gwinnett County Jail, which participates in the federal 287(g) immigration enforcement program.
Immigration enforcement program could be expanded in Georgia, Carolinas
Immigration enforcement
Jeremy Redmon
The Trump administration is considering expanding a controversial federal immigration enforcement program to two additional counties in Georgia and one in each of the Carolinas, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution has learned.
Named after the federal law that authorizes it, the 287(g) program gives local law enforcement officials the power to question people about their legal status, serve arrest warrants, and detain and transport criminals for immigration violations. Four counties in Georgia – Cobb, Gwinnett, Hall and Whitfield – already participate.
RELATED: On the road with ICE in Georgia amid Trump's crackdown
An Atlanta Journal Constitution reporter and photojournalist went on a ride along with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents in Austell to give an intimate look at how they are doing their jobs amid the Trump administration's aggressive crackdown on illegal immigration.
A spokesman for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement declined to identify the four counties that may join the program, citing his agency's privacy rules.
"It is no secret that there are counties out there that have applied and that are interested in joining the program, and ICE will evaluate every county's application on its individual merits and make a decision," said ICE spokesman Bryan Cox. "But the policy of ICE is we don't discuss things that are deliberative in nature. If counties are approved, we will make a public announcement on that and speak at that point."
Critics have repeatedly called on the government to shut down the 287(g) program nationwide, saying it distracts police from more important crime-fighting duties. Supporters say it is an effective way to crack down on illegal immigration.
RELATED: New Trump immigration orders ramp up enforcement
In an executive order he issued in January, President Donald Trump called for an expansion of the program. Last month, ICE announced 18 new 287(g) agreements across Texas, bringing the nationwide total to 60.


text:
Het Europees kampioenschap voetbal onder 17 van 2011 (kortweg: EK voetbal -17) was de 29ste editie van het Europees kampioenschap voetbal mannen onder 17 en bedoeld voor spelers die op of na 1 januari 1994 geboren zijn. Ondanks de leeftijdgrens van 17 jaar mochten ook spelers van 18 jaar meespelen omdat de leeftijdsgrens alleen bij het begin van de kwalificatie voor het EK geldt.

Het toernooi werd gespeeld in Servië van 3 tot en met 15 mei 2011. Nederland werd voor de eerste keer Europees kampioen door in de finale Duitsland met 5–2 te verslaan. De top 6 van dit EK plaatste zich voor het Wereldkampioenschap voetbal onder 17 van 2011 in Mexico.

Kwalificaties

Gekwalificeerde landen

Groepsfase
De loting voor de groepsfase vond plaats op 5 april 2011 om 18.00 uur in Belgrado.

Groep A

Groep B

Knock-outfase

Halve finales

Finale

Doelpuntenmakers

Geplaatst voor het Wereldkampioenschap voetbal onder 17 - 2011

Externe links
 UEFA
 RSSSF

2011
Voetbal in 2011
Voetbal in Servië
Voetbal
Sport in Vojvodina
Novi Sad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Description: Two joining fragments preserve the lower part of a vessel, probably a bottle.
The bottom slightly concave, the walls vertical.
Context: Well on lower north slopes of Areopagus. Use filling. Container 11.
Bibliography: Agora V, p. 116, pl. 55, no. M 347.
Agora XXXIV, no. 389, p. 166, ill. 10, fig. 21.


text:
Download ALL ACCESS: Davis vs. Barrios | Epilogue | Full Episode (TV14) | SHOWTIME PPV
Published on 04 July 2021 by SHOWTIME Sports
ALL ACCESS: Davis vs. Barrios | Epilogue | Full Episode (TV14) | SHOWTIME PPV
The Emmy® Award winning series takes viewers behind the scenes for an intimate portrait of fight night as Gervonta "Tank" Davis puts on a career-defining performance against previously undefeated Mario "El Azteca" Barrios.#SHOSports #ShowtimePPV #AllAccess #DavisBarriosDon't miss out on the action! Visit the below links to sign up for reminders!Championship Boxing: https://s.sho.com/3oiG6REBellator: https://s.sho.com/3eSmXDbSubscribe to the SHOWTIME Sports YouTube channel: https://goo.gl/s8CWVTFollow SHOWTIME Sports:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ShoSports/Twitter: https://twitter.com/SHOsportsInstagram: https://instagram.com/shosportsOfficial Site: https://www.sho.com/sportsFollow SHOWTIME Boxing:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ShoBoxingTwitter: https://twitter.com/ShowtimeBoxingInstagram: https://instagram.com/showtimeboxingSnapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/showtimeboxingTumblr: http://showtimeboxing.tumblr.com/Follow SHOWTIME Basketball:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/showtimebasketballTwitter: https://twitter.com/shobasketballFollow ALL THE SMOKE:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/allthesmoke/YouTube: https://bit.ly/2OLkr50 Follow BELOW THE BELT with Brendan Schaub:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BelowTheBeltSHOTwitter: https://twitter.com/btbshowtimeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/belowthebelt/YouTube: http://s.sho.com/BelowtheBeltFollow MORNING KOMBAT:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/morningkombat/YouTube: https://bit.ly/2lPpvsjFollow INSIDE THE NFL:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/insidetheNFLTwitter: https://twitter.com/insidetheNFLInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/insidetheNFL/Follow 4th and Forever:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/4thandforever/YouTube: http://bit.ly/30iZqSZFollow SHOWTIME:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/showtimeTwitter: https://twitter.com/ShowtimeInstagram: https://instagram.com/showtime/Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/SHOWTIMEOfficial Site: https://www.sho.com/
Davis vs Nunez FULL FIGHT: July 27, 2019 | PBC on Showtime by: Premier Boxing Champions - 4 months ago
ALL ACCESS: Davis vs. Santa Cruz | Ep. 2 | Full Episode (TV14) | SHOWTIME PPV by: Mayweather Promotions - 1 year ago
INSIDE MAYWEATHER VS. PACQUIAO | Epilogue Finale | SHOWTIME by: SHOWTIME Sports - 6 year ago
ALL ACCESS: Davis vs. Barrios | Ep. 1 | Full Episode (TV14) | SHOWTIME PPV by: SHOWTIME Sports - 7 months ago
ALL ACCESS: Mayweather vs. Maidana | Epilogue | SHOWTIME by: SHOWTIME Sports - 7 year ago
DAVIS VS CRUZ FULLFIGHT HIGHLIGHTS by: Wow Highlights Tv - 1 months ago
Inside Mayweather vs. Paul: Miami | Epilogue | SHOWTIME PPV by: SHOWTIME Sports - 7 months ago
Pedraza vs Davis FULL FIGHT: January 14, 2017 by: Premier Boxing Champions - 11 months ago
TANK VS BARRIOS by: CezFitness - 6 months ago
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BEFORE and AFTER Fighting GERVONTA DAVIS by: Motivedia - Boxing - 5 months ago
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ALL ACCESS: Floyd Mayweather vs. Andre Berto | Epilogue | SHOWTIME by: SHOWTIME Sports - 6 year ago


text:
PM greets people on Eid-ul-Azha
29 July, 2020, 11:05 pm
Last modified: 29 July, 2020, 11:06 pm
Leader of Scottish Conservatives says UK PM should resign
Japanese PM cancels plan to visit US, Australia amid Covid-19 concern
Haitian prime minister survives weekend assassination attempt -PM's office
Israeli leader begins first visit to UAE as Iran tensions surge
Support for UK PM Johnson and party sinking amid scandals - poll
The prime minister called upon all to devote themselves to the welfare of the country and its people being inspired by the spirit of sacrifice realising the essence of the Eid-ul-Azha
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Photo: PMO
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina today extended her greetings to the people of the country on the auspicious occasion of the Eid-ul-Azha, the second largest religious festival of the Muslims, to be celebrated here on Saturday.
"The Prime Minister in an audio message greeted people on the Eid-ul-Azha and it (the message) will be sent soon to the mobile users through their cell phones," PM's Press Secretary Ihsanul Karim told BSS.
In the message of greetings, the premier said, "AssaIamualaikum, I am Sheikh Hasina. The holy Eid-ul-Azha once again comes to us after a year… I am extending my best wishes to you and all your family members on the occasion of the holy Eid-ul-Azha."
She, however, expressed her hope that the Eid-ul-Azha would bring happiness to all after overcoming all the darkness of the coronavirus pandemic.
The prime minister called upon all to devote themselves to the welfare of the country and its people being inspired by the spirit of sacrifice realising the essence of the Eid-ul-Azha.
At the end of the message, she requested the countrymen to follow the health guidelines properly to stop further spreading of the Covid-19, saying, "Be well and safe. Eid Mubarak!"
PM / greets / people / Eid-ul-Azha
Country's 4,000km highways to be 4-6 lanes: Govt
Bangla edition of the book 'Operation X' launched
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That water is not that cheap
Ice cream sales spike defying winter at Dhaka trade fair


text:
* Removed `tea` module dependency for pre-existing types in `stdlib` module.
* Support `file` as a `file_rolling_type`.
* Added `java_opts` parameter to `elasticsearch::plugin` resource.
* Brought some options in `jvm.options` up-to-date with upstream.
* Plugins can now have their `JAVA_HOME` set through the `java_home` parameter.

#### Fixes
* Fixed issue with `ES_PATH_CONF` being unset in SysV init files.

## 6.0.0 (November 14, 2017)

Major version upgrade with several important deprecations:

* Puppet version 3 is no longer supported.
* Package pinning is no longer supported.
* Java installation is no longer supported.
* The python and ruby defined types have been removed.
* Repo management through `manage_repo` is now set to `true` by default.
* All `*_hiera_merge` parameters have been removed.

Minor:

* elasticsearch::plugin only accepts `present` or `absent`
* Some REST-resource based providers (such as templates and pipelines) now validate parameters (such as numeric port numbers) more rigorously.

The following migration guide is intended to help aid in upgrading this module.

### Migration Guide

#### Puppet 3.x No Longer Supported

Puppet 4.5.0 is the new minimum required version of Puppet, which offers better safety, module metadata, and Ruby features.
Migrating from Puppet 3 to Puppet 4 is beyond the scope of this guide, but the [official upgrade documentation](https://docs.puppet.com/upgrade/upgrade_steps.html) can help.
As with any version or module upgrade, remember to restart any agents and master servers as needed.

#### Package Pinning No Longer Supported

Package pinning caused lots of unexpected behavior and usually caused more problems than solutions.
If you still require package pinning, consider using the [`apt::pin` resource](https://forge.puppet.com/puppetlabs/apt#pin-a-specific-release) on Debian-based systems or a [`yum::versionlock` resource from the yum module](https://forge.puppet.com/puppet/yum#lock-a-package-with-the-versionlock-plugin) for Red Hat-based systems.

#### Java Installation No Longer Supported

Java installation was a very simple operation in this module which simply declared an instance of the `java` class but created conflicts for users who managed Java separately.
If you still wish to configure Java alongside this module, consider using the [puppetlabs/java](https://forge.puppet.com/puppetlabs/java) module and installing Java with the following configuration:

```puppet
class { "java" : distribution => "jre" }
```

This will install a version of Java suitable for Elasticsearch in most situations.
Note that in some older distributions, you may need to take extra steps to install a more recent version of Java that supports Elasticsearch.

#### Removal of Python and Ruby Resources

These resource types were simple wrappers around `package` resources with their providers set to `pip` and `gem`, respectively.
Simply defining your own resources similarly to:

```puppet
package { 'elasticsearch' : provider => 'pip' }
```

Is sufficient.

#### Automatic Package Repository Management

This parameter is now set to `true` by default to automatically manage the Elastic repository.
If you do not wish to configure the repository to automatically retrieve package updates, set this parameter to `false`:

```puppet
class { 'elasticsearch': manage_repo => false }
```

#### Removal of `hiera_merge` Parameters

Updates to Hiera in later versions of Puppet mean that you can set merging behavior in end-user configuration.
Read [the upstream Hiera documentation regarding `lookup_options`](https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/4.10/hiera_merging.html#configuring-merge-behavior-in-hiera-data) to learn how to configure Hiera appropriately for your needs.

## 5.5.0 (November 13, 2017)

#### Features
* Updated puppetlabs/java dependency to `< 5.0.0`

#### Fixes
* Properly support plugin installation on 6.x series with explicit `ES_PATH_CONF`
* set file ownership of systemd service file to root user/group
* Fix propagating the pid_dir into OpenBSD rcscript

## 5.4.3 (September 1, 2017)

#### Features
* Bumped puppet/java dependency to < 3.0.0

#### Fixes
* Append `--quiet` flag to >= 5.x versions of Elasticsearch systemd service units
* Disable es_facts collection on SearchGuard nodes with TLS enabled

## 5.4.2 (August 18, 2017)

#### Features
* Bumped puppet/yum dependency to < 3.0.0

#### Fixes
* Custom facts no longer attempt to connect to SSL/TLS secured ports.

## 5.4.1 (August 7, 2017)

Fixed an issue where `logging_yml_ensure` and `log4j2_ensure` would not propagate to `elasticsearch::instance` resources.

## 5.4.0 (August 3, 2017)

#### Features
* The `api_timeout` parameter is now passed to the `es_instance_conn_validator` resource for index, pipeline, and template defined types.
* Updated puppetlabs/apt dependency to < 5.0.0.
* Both the `logging.yml` and `log4j2.properties` files can be selectively enabled/disabled with the `logging_yml_ensure` and `log4j2_ensure` parameters on the `elasticsearch` class and `elasticsearch::instance` defined type.
* `jvm_options` are now controllable on a per-instance basis.

#### Fixes
* Fixed an edge case with `es_instance_validator` in which ruby connection errors were not caught.
* Plugins with colon-delimited names (such as maven plugins) are properly handled now.
* Fixed a bug that would cause dependency cycles when using parameters to create defined types.

## 5.3.1 (June 14, 2017)

### Summary
Minor release to fix bugs related to the `elasticsearch_keystore` type and generated docs.

#### Features
* Moved documentation to Yard for doc auto-generation for all classes/types/etc.

#### Fixes
* Fixed dependency order bug with the `elasticsearch_keystore` type and augeas defaults resource.

## 5.3.0 (June 5, 2017)

### Summary
Minor bugfix release with added support for managing Elasticsearch keystores, custom repository URLs, and more.

#### Features
* Failures are no longer raised when no instances are defined for a plugin and service restarts are not requested.
* The `datadir` for instances can now be shared among multiple instances by using the `datadir_instance_directories` parameter.
* `repo_baseurl` is now exposed as a top-level parameter for users who wish to control custom repositories.
* `elasticsearch-keystore` values can now be managed via native Puppet resources.

#### Fixes
* log4j template now properly respects deprecation logging settings.

## 5.2.0 (May 5, 2017)

### Summary
Release supporting several new features and bugfixes for 5.4.0 users and users who need the ability to update plugins.

#### Features
* Support for Shield/X-Pack logging configuration file added.
* The `elasticsearch::script` type now supports recursively managing directories of scripts.
* All module defined types can now be managed as top-level hash parameters to the `elasticsearch` class (primarily for hiera and PE)

#### Fixes
* Fixed a bug that prevented plugins from being updated properly.
* Fixed deprecated `default.path` options introduced in Elasticsearch 5.4.0.

## 5.1.1 (April 13, 2017)

### Summary

#### Features
* Instance configs now have highest precedence when constructing the final yaml
    config file.

#### Fixes
This is a hotfix release to support users affected by [an upstream Elasticsearch issue](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/6887).
See the [associated issue](https://github.com/elastic/puppet-elasticsearch/issues/802#issuecomment-293295930) for details regarding the workaround.
The change implemented in this release is to place the `elasticsearch::instance` `config` parameter at the highest precedence when merging the final config yaml which permits users manually override `path.data` values.

## 5.1.0 (February 28, 2017)

### Summary
Ingest pipeline and index settings support.
Minor bugfixes.

#### Features
* Ingestion pipelines supported via custom resources.
* Index settings support.

#### Fixes
* Custom facts no longer fail when trying to read unreadable elasticsearch config files.
* `Accept` and `Content-Type` headers properly set for providers (to support ES 6.x)

## 5.0.0 (February 9, 2017)

Going forward, This module will follow Elasticsearch's upstream major version to indicate compatability.
That is, version 5.x of this module supports version 5 of Elasticsearch, and version 6.x of this module will be released once Elasticsearch 6 support is added.

### Summary
Note that this is a **major version release**!
Please read the release notes carefully before upgrading to avoid downtime/unexpected behavior.
Remember to restart any puppetmaster servers to clear provider caches and pull in updated code.

### Backwards-Incompatible Changes
* The `elasticsearch::shield::user` and `elasticsearch::shield::role` resources have been renamed to `elasticsearch::user` and `elasticsearch::role` since the resource now handles both Shield and X-Pack.
* Both Shield and X-Pack configuration files are kept in `/etc/elasticsearch/shield` and `/etc/elasticsearch/x-pack`, respectively. If you previously managed Shield resources with version 0.x of this module, you may need to migrate files from `/usr/share/elasticsearch/shield`.
* The default data directory has been changed to `/var/lib/elasticsearch`. If you used the previous default (the Elasticsearch home directory, `/usr/share/elasticsearch/data`), you may need to migrate your data.
* The first changes that may be Elasticsearch 1.x-incompatible have been introduced (see the [elasticsearch support lifecycle](https://www.elastic.co/support/eol)). This only impacts version 1.x running on systemd-based distributions.
* sysctl management has been removed (and the module removed as a dependency for this module), and puppet/yum is used in lieu of ceritsc/yum.

#### Features
* Support management of the global jvm.options configuration file.
* X-Pack support added.
* Restricted permissions to the elasticsearch.yml file.
* Deprecation log configuration support added.
* Synced systemd service file with upstream.

#### Bugfixes
* Fixed case in which index template could prepend an additional 'index.' to index settings.
* Fixed a case in which dependency cycles could arise when pinning packages on CentOS.
* No longer recursively change the Elasticsearch home directory's lib/ to the elasticsearch user.
* Unused defaults values now purged from instance init defaults files.

#### Changes
* Changed default data directory to /var/lib
* sysctl settings are no longer managed by the thias/sysctl module.
* Calls to `elasticsearch -version` in elasticsearch::plugin code replaced with native Puppet code to resolve Elasticsearch package version. Should improve resiliency when managing plugins.
* Shield and X-Pack configuration files are stored in /etc/elasticsearch instead of /usr/share/elasticsearch.
* Removed deprecated ceritsc/yum module in favor of puppet/yum.

#### Testing changes

## 0.15.1 (December 1, 2016)

### Summary
Primarily a bugfix release for Elasticsearch 5.x support-related issues.
Note updated minimum required puppet versions as well.

#### Features

#### Bugfixes
* Removed ES_HEAP_SIZE check in init scripts for Elasticsearch 5.x
* Changed sysctl value to a string to avoid type errors for some versions
* Fixed a $LOAD_PATH error that appeared in some cases for puppet_x/elastic/es_versioning

#### Changes
* Updated minimium required version for Puppet and PE to reflect tested versions and versions supported by Puppet Labs

#### Testing changes

## 0.15.0 (November 17, 2016)

### Summary
* Support for Ubuntu Xenial (16.04) formally declared.
* Initial support for running Elasticsearch 5.x series.

#### Features
* Support management of 5.x-style Elastic yum/apt package repositories.
* Support service scripts for 5.x series of Elasticsearch

#### Bugfixes
* Update the apt::source call to not cause deprecation warnings
* Updated module metadata to correctly require puppet-stdlib with validate_integer()

#### Changes

#### Testing changes
* Ubuntu Xenial (16.04) added to the test matrix.

## 0.14.0 (October 12, 2016)

### Summary
Primarily a bugfix release for issues related to plugin proxy functionality, various system service fixes, and directory permissions.
This release also adds the ability to define logging rolling file settings and a CA file/path for template API access.

#### Features
* Added 'file_rolling_type' parameter to allow selecting file logging rotation type between "dailyRollingFile" or "rollingFile". Also added 'daily_rolling_date_pattern', 'rolling_file_max_backup_index' and 'rolling_file_max_file_size' for file rolling customization.

#### Bugfixes
* Permissions on the Elasticsearch plugin directory have been fixed to permit world read rights.
* The service systemd unit now `Wants=` a network target to fix bootup parallelization problems.
* Recursively create the logdir for elasticsearch when creating multiple instances
* Files and directories with root ownership now specify UID/GID 0 instead to improve compatability with *BSDs.
* Elasticsearch Debian init file changed to avoid throwing errors when DATA_DIR, WORK_DIR and/or LOG_DIR were an empty variable.
* Fixed a broken File dependency when a plugin was set to absent and ::elasticsearch set to present.
* Fixed issue when using the `proxy` parameter on plugins in Elasticsearch 2.x.

#### Changes
* The `api_ca_file` and `api_ca_path` parameters have been added to support custom CA bundles for API access.
* Numerics in elasticsearch.yml will always be properly unquoted.
* puppetlabs/java is now listed as a dependency in metadata.json to avoid unexpected installation problems.

#### Testing changes

## 0.13.2 (August 29, 2016)

### Summary
Primarily a bugfix release to resolve HTTPS use in elasticsearch::template resources, 5.x plugin operations, and plugin file permission enforcement.

#### Features
* Plugin installation for the 5.x series of Elasticsearch is now properly supported.

#### Bugfixes
* Recursively enforce correct plugin directory mode to avoid Elasticsearch startup permissions errors.
* Fixed an edge case where dependency cycles could arise when managing absent resources.
* Elasticsearch templates now properly use HTTPS when instructed to do so.

#### Changes
* Updated the elasticsearch_template type to return more helpful error output.
* Updated the es_instance_conn_validator type to silence deprecation warnings in Puppet >= 4.

#### Testing changes

## 0.13.1 (August 8, 2016)

### Summary
Lingering bugfixes from elasticsearch::template changes.
More robust systemd mask handling.
Updated some upstream module parameters for deprecation warnings.
Support for the Shield `system_key` file.

#### Features
* Added `system_key` parameter to the `elasticsearch` class and `elasticsearch::instance` type for placing Shield system keys.

#### Bugfixes
* Fixed systemd elasticsearch.service unit masking to use systemctl rather than raw symlinking to avoid puppet file backup errors.
* Fixed a couple of cases that broke compatability with older versions of puppet (elasticsearch_template types on puppet versions prior to 3.6 and yumrepo parameters on puppet versions prior to 3.5.1)
* Fixed issues that caused templates to be incorrectly detected as out-of-sync and thus always changed on each puppet run.
* Resources are now explicitly ordered to ensure behavior such as plugins being installed before instance start, users managed before templates changed, etc.

#### Changes
* Updated repository gpg fingerprint key to long form to silence module warnings.

#### Testing changes

## 0.13.0 (August 1, 2016)

### Summary
Rewritten elasticsearch::template using native type and provider.
Fixed and added additional proxy parameters to elasticsearch::plugin instances.
Exposed repo priority parameters for apt and yum repos.

#### Features
* In addition to better consistency, the `elasticsearch::template` type now also accepts various `api_*` parameters to control how access to the Elasticsearch API is configured (there are top-level parameters that are inherited and can be overwritten in `elasticsearch::api_*`).
* The `elasticsearch::config` parameter now supports deep hiera merging.
* Added the `elasticsearch::repo_priority` parameter to support apt and yum repository priority configuration.
* Added `proxy_username` and `proxy_password` parameters to `elasticsearch::plugin`.

#### Bugfixes
* Content of templates should now properly trigger new API PUT requests when the index template stored in Elasticsearch differs from the template defined in puppet.
* Installing plugins with proxy parameters now works correctly due to changed Java property flags.
* The `elasticsearch::plugin::module_dir` parameter has been re-implemented to aid in working around plugins with non-standard plugin directories.

#### Changes
* The `file` parameter on the `elasticsearch::template` defined type has been deprecated to be consistent with usage of the `source` parameter for other types.

#### Testing changes

## 0.12.0 (July 20, 2016)

IMPORTANT! A bug was fixed that mistakenly added /var/lib to the list of DATA_DIR paths on Debian-based systems.  This release removes that environment variable, which could potentially change path.data directories for instances of Elasticsearch.  Take proper precautions when upgrading to avoid unexpected downtime or data loss (test module upgrades, et cetera).

### Summary
Rewritten yaml generator, code cleanup, and various bugfixes. Configuration file yaml no longer nested. Service no longer restarts by default, and exposes more granular restart options.

#### Features
* The additional parameters restart_config_change, restart_package_change, and restart_plugin_change have been added for more granular control over service restarts.

#### Bugfixes
* Special yaml cases such as arrays of hashes and strings like "::" are properly supported.
* Previous Debian SysV init scripts mistakenly set the `DATA_DIR` environment variable to a non-default value.
* Some plugins failed installation due to capitalization munging, the elasticsearch_plugin provider no longer forces downcasing.

#### Changes
* The `install_options` parameter on the `elasticsearch::plugin` type has been removed. This was an undocumented parameter that often caused problems for users.
* The `elasticsearch.service` systemd unit is no longer removed but masked by default, effectively hiding it from systemd but retaining the upstream vendor unit on disk for package management consistency.
* `restart_on_change` now defaults to false to reduce unexpected cluster downtime (can be set to true if desired).
* Package pinning is now contained within a separate class, so users can opt to manage package repositories manually and still use this module's pinning feature.
* All configuration hashes are now flattened into dot-notated yaml in the elasticsearch configuration file. This should be fairly transparent in terms of behavior, though the config file formatting will change.

#### Testing changes
* The acceptance test suite has been dramatically slimmed to cut down on testing time and reduce false positives.

## 0.11.0 ( May 23, 2016 )

### Summary
Shield support, SLES support, and overhauled testing setup.

#### Features
* Support for shield
  * TLS Certificate management
  * Users (role and password management for file-based realms)
  * Roles (file-based with mapping support)
* Support (repository proxies)[https://github.com/elastic/puppet-elasticsearch/pull/615]
* Support for (SSL auth on API calls)[https://github.com/elastic/puppet-elasticsearch/pull/577]

#### Bugfixes
* (Fix Facter calls)[https://github.com/elastic/puppet-elasticsearch/pull/590] in custom providers

#### Changes

#### Testing changes
* Overhaul testing methodology, see CONTRIBUTING for updates
* Add SLES 12, Oracle 6, and PE 2016.1.1 to testing matrix
* Enforce strict variable checking

#### Known bugs
* This is the first release with Shield support, some untested edge cases may exist

##0.10.3 ( Feb 08, 2016 )

###Summary
Adding support for OpenBSD and minor fixes

####Features
* Add required changes to work with ES 2.2.x plugins
* Support for custom log directory
* Support for OpenBSD

####Bugfixes
* Add correct relation to file resource and plugin installation
* Notify service when upgrading the package

####Changes
* Remove plugin dir when upgrading Elasticsearch

####Testing changes

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.10.2 ( Jan 19, 2016 )

###Summary
Bugfix release and adding Gentoo support

####Features
* Added Gentoo support

####Bugfixes
* Create init script when set to unmanaged
* init_template variable was not passed on correctly to other classes / defines
* Fix issue with plugin type that caused run to stall
* Export ES_GC_LOG_FILE in init scripts

####Changes
* Improve documentation about init_defaults
* Update common files
* Removed recurse option on data directory management
* Add retry functionality to plugin type

####Testing changes

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.10.1 ( Dec 17, 2015 )

###Summary
Bugfix release for proxy functionality in plugin installation

####Features

####Bugfixes
* Proxy settings were not passed on correctly

####Changes
* Cleanup .pmtignore to exclude more files

####Testing changes

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.10.0 ( Dec 14, 2015 )

###Summary
Module now works with ES 2.x completely

####Features
* Work with ES 2.x new plugin system and remain to work with 1.x
* Implemented datacat module from Richard Clamp so other modules can hook into it for adding configuration options
* Fixed init and systemd files to work with 1.x and 2.x
* Made the module work with newer pl-apt module versions
* Export es_include so it is passed on to ES
* Ability to supply long gpg key for apt repo

####Bugfixes
* Documentation and typographical fixes
* Do not force puppet:/// schema resource
* Use package resource defaults rather than setting provider and source

####Changes

####Testing changes
* Improve unit testing and shorten the runtime

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.9 ( Sep 01, 2015 )

###Summary
Bugfix release and extra features

####Features
* Work with ES 2.x
* Add Java 8 detection in debian init script
* Improve offline plugin installation

####Bugfixes
* Fix a bug with new ruby versions but older puppet versions causing type error
* Fix config tempate to use correct ruby scoping
* Fix regex retrieving proxy port while downloading plugin
* Fix systemd template for better variable handling
* Template define was using wrong pathing for removal

####Changes

####Testing changes

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.8 ( Jul 07, 2015 )

###Summary

####Features
* Work with ES 2.x

####Bugfixes
* Fix plugin to maintain backwards compatibility

####Changes

####Testing changes
* ensure testing works with Puppet 4.x ( Rspec and Acceptance )

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.7 ( Jun 24, 2015 )

###Summary
This releases adds several important features and fixes an important plugin installation issue with ES 1.6 and higher.

####Features
* Automate plugin dir extraction
* use init service provider for Amazon Linux
* Add Puppetlabs/apt and ceritsc/yum as required modules
* Added Timeout to fetching facts in case ES does not respond
* Add proxy settings for package download

####Bugfixes
* Fixed systemd template to fix issue with LimitMEMLOCK setting
* Improve package version handling when specifying a version
* Add tmpfiles.d file to manage sub dir in /var/run path
* Fix plugin installations for ES 1.6 and higher

####Changes
* Removed Modulefile, only maintaining metadata.json file

####Testing changes
* Added unit testing for package pinning feature
* Added integration testing with Elasticsearch to find issues earlier
* Fix OpenSuse 13 testing

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.6 ( May 28, 2015 )

###Summary
Bugfix release 0.9.6

####Features
* Implemented package version pinning to avoid accidental upgrading
* Added support for Debian 8
* Added support for upgrading plugins
* Managing LimitNOFILE and LimitMEMLOCK settings in systemd

####Bugfixes

####Changes
* Dropped official support for PE 3.1.x and 3.2.x

####Testing changes
* Several testing changes implemented to increase coverage

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.5( Apr 16, 2015 )

###Summary
Bugfix release 0.9.5

We reverted the change that implemented the full 40 character for the apt repo key.
This caused issues with some older versions of the puppetlabs-apt module

####Features

####Bugfixes
* Revert using the full 40 character for the apt repo key.

####Changes

####Testing changes

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.4( Apr 14, 2015 )

###Summary
Bugfix release 0.9.4

####Features
* Add the ability to create and populate scripts

####Bugfixes
* add support for init_defaults_file to elasticsearch::instance
* Update apt key to full 40characters

####Changes
* Fix readme regarding module_dir with plugins

####Testing changes
* Adding staged removal test
* Convert git urls to https
* Add centos7 node config

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.3( Mar 24, 2015 )

###Summary
Bugfix release 0.9.3

####Features

####Bugfixes
* Not setting repo_version did not give the correct error
* Systemd file did not contain User/Group values

####Changes
* Brand rename from Elasticsearch to Elastic

####Testing changes
* Moved from multiple Gemfiles to single Gemfile

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.2( Mar 06, 2015 )

###Summary
Bugfix release 0.9.2

####Features
* Introducing es_instance_conn_validator resource to verify instance availability

####Bugfixes
* Fix missing data path when using the path config setting but not setting the data path

####Changes
None

####Testing changes
None

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.1 ( Feb 23, 2015 )

###Summary
This is the first bug fix release for 0.9 version.
A bug was reported with the recursive file management.

####Features
None

####Bugfixes
* Fix recursive file management
* Set undefined variables to work with strict_variables

####Changes
None

####Testing changes
None

####Known bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.9.0 ( Feb 02, 2015 )

###Summary
This release is the first one towards 1.0 release.
Our planning is to provide LTS releases with the puppet module

####Features
* Support for using hiera to define instances and plugins.
* Support for OpenSuSE 13.x
* Custom facts about the installed Elasticsearch instance(s)
* Proxy host/port support for the plugin installation
* Ability to supply a custom logging.yml template

####Bugfixes
* Ensure file owners are correct accross all related files
* Fix of possible service name conflict
* Empty main config would fail with instances
* Removal of standard files from packages we dont use
* Ensuring correct sequence of plugin and template defines
* Added ES_CLASSPATH export to init scripts

####Changes
* Java installation to use puppetlabs-java module
* Added Support and testing for Puppet 3.7 and PE 3.7
* Improve metadata.json based on scoring from Forge

####Testing changes
* Added testing against Puppet 3.7 and PE 3.7
* Using rspec3
* Using rspec-puppet-facts gem simplifies rspec testing

####Known Bugs
* Possible package conflicts when using ruby/python defines with main package name

##0.4.0 ( Jun 18, 2014 ) - Backwards compatible breaking release

###Summary
This release introduces instances to facilitate the option to have more then a single instance running on the host system.

####Features
* Rewrite module to incorperate multi instance support
* New readme layout

####Bugfixes
* None

####Changes
* Adding ec2-linux osfamily for repo management
* Retry behaviour for plugin installation

####Testing changes
* Adding Puppet 3.6.x testing
* Ubuntu 14.04 testing
* Using new docker images
* Pin rspec to 2.14.x

####Known Bugs
* No known bugs

##0.3.2 ( May 15, 2014 )
*  Add support for SLC/Scientific Linux CERN ( PR #121 )
*  Add support for custom package names ( PR #122 )
*  Fix python and ruby client defines to avoid name clashes.
*  Add ability to use stage instead of anchor for repo class
*  Minor fixes to system tests

##0.3.1 ( April 22, 2014 )
*  Ensure we create the plugin directory before installing plugins
*  Added Puppet 3.5.x to rspec and system tests

##0.3.0 ( April 2, 2014 )
*  Fix minor issue with yumrepo in repo class ( PR #92 )
*  Implement OpenSuse support
*  Implement Junit reporting for tests
*  Adding more system tests and convert to Docker images
*  Use Augeas for managing the defaults file
*  Add retry to package download exec
*  Add management to manage the logging.yml file
*  Improve inline documentation
*  Improve support for Debian 6
*  Improve augeas for values with spaces
*  Run plugin install as ES user ( PR #108 )
*  Fix rights for the plugin directory
*  Pin Rake for Ruby 1.8.7
*  Adding new metadata for Forge.
*  Increase time for retry to insert the template

##0.2.4 ( Feb 21, 2014 )
*  Set puppetlabs-stdlib dependency version from 3.0.0 to 3.2.0 to be inline with other modules
*  Let puppet run fail when template insert fails
*  Documentation improvements ( PR #77, #78, #83 )
*  Added beaker system tests
*  Fixed template define after failing system tests
*  Some fixes so variables are more inline with intended structure

##0.2.3 ( Feb 06, 2014 )
*  Add repository management feature
*  Improve testing coverage and implement basic resource coverage reporting
*  Add puppet 3.4.x testing
*  Fix dependency in template define ( PR #72 )
*  For apt repo change from key server to key file

##0.2.2 ( Jan 23, 2014 )
*  Ensure exec names are unique. This caused issues when using our logstash module
*  Add spec tests for plugin define

##0.2.1 ( Jan 22, 2014 )
*  Simplify the management of the defaults file ( PR #64 )
*  Doc improvements for the plugin define ( PR #66 )
*  Allow creation of data directory ( PR #68 )
*  Fail early when package version and package_url are defined

##0.2.0 ( Nov 19, 2013 )
*  Large rewrite of the entire module described below
*  Make the core more dynamic for different service providers and multi instance capable
*  Add better testing and devided into different files
*  Fix template function. Replace of template is now only done when the file is changed
*  Add different ways to install the package except from the repository ( puppet/http/https/ftp/file )
*  Update java class to install openjdk 1.7
*  Add tests for python function
*  Update config file template to fix scoping issue ( from PR #57 )
*  Add validation of templates
*  Small changes for preperation for system tests
*  Update readme for new functionality
*  Added more test scenario's
*  Added puppet parser validate task for added checking
*  Ensure we don't add stuff when removing the module
*  Update python client define
*  Add ruby client define
*  Add tests for ruby clients and update python client tests

##0.1.3 ( Sep 06, 2013 )
*  Exec path settings has been updated to fix warnings ( PR #37, #47 )
*  Adding define to install python bindings ( PR #43 )
*  Scope deprecation fixes ( PR #41 )
*  feature to install plugins ( PR #40 )

##0.1.2 ( Jun 21, 2013 )
*  Update rake file to ignore the param inherit
*  Added missing documentation to the template define
*  Fix for template define to allow multiple templates ( PR #36 by Bruce Morrison )

##0.1.1 ( Jun 14, 2013 )
*  Add Oracle Linux to the OS list ( PR #25 by Stas Alekseev )
*  Respect the restart_on_change on the defaults ( PR #29 by Simon Effenberg )
*  Make sure the config can be empty as advertised in the readme
*  Remove dependency cycle when the defaults file is updated ( PR #31 by Bruce Morrison )
*  Enable retry on the template insert in case ES isn't started yet ( PR #32 by Bruce Morrison )
*  Update templates to avoid deprecation notice with Puppet 3.2.x
*  Update template define to avoid auto insert issue with ES
*  Update spec tests to reflect changes to template define

##0.1.0 ( May 09, 2013 )
*  Populate .gitignore ( PR #19 by Igor Galić )
*  Add ability to install initfile ( PR #20 by Justin Lambert )
*  Add ability to manage default file service parameters ( PR #21 by Mathieu Bornoz )
*  Providing complete containment of the module ( PR #24 by Brian Lalor )
*  Add ability to specify package version ( PR #25 by Justin Lambert )
*  Adding license file

##0.0.7 ( Mar 23, 2013 )
*  Ensure config directory is created and managed ( PR #13 by Martin Seener )
*  Dont backup package if it changes
*  Create explicit dependency on template directory ( PR #16 by Igor Galić )
*  Make the config directory variable ( PR #17 by Igor Galić and PR #18 by Vincent Janelle )
*  Fixing template define

##0.0.6 ( Mar 05, 2013 )
*  Fixing issue with configuration not printing out arrays
*  New feature to write the config hash shorter
*  Updated readme to reflect the new feature
*  Adding spec tests for config file generation

##0.0.5 ( Mar 03, 2013 )
*  Option to disable restart on config file change ( PR #10 by Chris Boulton )

##0.0.4 ( Mar 02, 2013 )
*  Fixed a major issue with the config template ( Issue #9 )

##0.0.3 ( Mar 02, 2013 )
*  Adding spec tests
*  Fixed init issue on Ubuntu ( Issue #6 by Marcus Furlong )
*  Fixed config template problem ( Issue #8 by surfchris )
*  New feature to manage templates

##0.0.2 ( Feb 16, 2013 )
*  Feature to supply a package instead of being dependent on the repository
*  Feature to install java in case one doesn't manage it externally
*  Adding RedHat and Amazon as Operating systems
*  fixed a typo - its a shard not a shared :) ( PR #5 by Martin Seener )

##0.0.1 ( Jan 13, 2013 )
*  Initial release of the module

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: ORACLE SQL // IF ELSE? I got a small problem in my SQL code :
LEFT JOIN
           (SELECT *
              FROM pilotage_usines_valeurs
             WHERE c_indicateur IS NOT NULL) v
              ON     v.id_usine = d.id_usine
                 AND v.annee = 2015
                 AND V.MOIS = D.MOIS
                 AND V.C_INDICATEUR = pi1.c_indicateur

Sometime pi1.c_indicateur is null. How can i test it and write the line if pi1.c_indicateur is not null don't write it if pi1.c_indicateur is null ?

A: If I understand your intentions correctly I suggest you add the NOT NULL condition to the ON clause:
LEFT JOIN (SELECT *
             FROM PILOTAGE_USINES_VALEURS
             WHERE C_INDICATEUR IS NOT NULL) v
  ON v.ID_USINE = d.ID_USINE
     AND v.ANNEE = 2015
     AND v.MOIS = D.MOIS
     AND v.C_INDICATEUR = pi1.C_INDICATEUR
     AND pi1.C_INDICATEUR IS NOT NULL

A: NVL is used to substitute null value by something else. Syntax is similar to
NVL (FIELD_TO_BE_TESTED_FOR_NULL, VALUE_IF_NULL);

Option 1:
 Replace pi1.c_indicateur when null with some value so that V.C_INDICATEUR will never be equal to that value.
AND V.C_INDICATEUR = NVL(pi1.c_indicateur,'IMPOSSIBLE VALUE FOR V.C_INDICATEUR ');

Option 2:
  Replace V.C_INDICATEUR with some value if null and replace pi1.c_indicateur with some other value, so that both will never match if NULL.
AND (V.C_INDICATEUR,'ABC') = NVL(pi1.c_indicateur,'DEF');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
trotsky vs stalin
Since 19… The achievements of the Bolshevik Revolution had to be defended. To say that Trotsky's actions, while he held power, left a lot to be desired would be an under-statement. The goal of my channel is to make interesting lecture-style videos, no more, no less.Timecodes:2:43 How did Stalin accumulate his power?4:03 Preparing to expel Trotsky5:09 Theoretical dispute6:09 Trotsky into exileSources:Hosking, Geoffrey A. Russia and the Russians: A History (Harvard University Press, 2010).Pomper, Philip, and Phillip Bernhei. Trotsky apoiava em defender o marxismo, combatendo a burocracia no Estado Operário que se fortaleceu com a ascensão de Stalin ao poder em 1924 na União Soviética.Ao contrário de Stalin, Trotsky tinha uma ideologia sobre a Teoria da Revolução Permanente defenderia a expansão da revolução para além das fronteiras da União Soviética como prioridade, ao invés do seu … While Lenin was alive (at any rate until 1922) both men had a secure place in his favor and therefore in the party as a whole. Against Trotsky's argument that socialism in one country was impossible, Stalin maintained that an independent socialist state could exist. The Term Paper on Stalin vs Trotsky – Comparative Essay. Despite their differences, Lenin and Trotsky managed to have a working relationship throughout Lenin's lifetime. Leon Trotsky, a leader of the Bolshevik revolution and early architect of the Soviet state, is deported by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to Alma-Ata in remote Soviet Central Asia. After having examined the true factors that led to Trotsky not being able to become the sole leader of Soviet Russia since he was the favorite Candidate, this investigation came to the conclusion that Stalin's political skill and ruthlessness was the most important cause of Trotsky's downfall because his weaknesses were only limited to his complacency and party views. Trotsky is basically mega-overpowered. Lord Of The Flies vs. U.S.S.R leaders. Their earlier lives, however, suggest something of the personal differences which were to be complicated by disagreements over doctrine and practice. Joseph Stalin was a hangman whose noose could reach across oceans. The years between 1921 and 1927, especially after Lenin's death, saw a desperate struggle for power between Stalin and Trotsky. XX, p. 104.See also the reports made at the Petrograd City Conference and at the All-Russian Conference of the R.S.D.L.P.(B.) Trotsky vs. Stalin - The Struggle for Lenin's Succession (1924 … Lenin foresaw this struggle with great anxiety. To say that Trotsky's actions, while he held power, left a lot to be desired would be an under-statement. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. * It stacks with his leadership trait. Moscow, 1937 (John Wiley \u0026 Sons, 2014).Video sources:I have not found the original video source of the footage I am using. I Lenin vs Trotsky. After his death in 1924, Lev Trotsky, his most trusted follower, was disposed of by Stalin, who eventually forced him into exile to Central Asia, Turkey and finally Mexico, where Trotsky would be assassinated. He believed that by transforming society from capitalist to Marxist he could produce better human beings and a better world. Stalin hated his adversary so deeply that he caused his name to be written simply "Judas Trotsky" in officially commissioned books, but he borrowed many of his ideas and methods. The most obvious choice would have been Trotsky, with his quick mind and intelligent speeches. Stalin had great devotion to Lenin. Notes - Lenin set up common tern, to spread the communist revolution world wide - Led to deals signed with other countries to rebuild - Treaty of Rapallo, Russians made war material for Germans ( breaking the treaty of Versailles) - … Leon Trotsky | Biography, Books, Assassination, & Facts | Britannica En el centenario de la Revolución Bolchevique las figuras históricas de Stalin y Trotski vuelven a chocar como lo hicieran tras la muerte de Lenin en 1924, pero ahora por boca de sus descendientes. who was Professor of History at Western New England College, Springfield, Massachusetts. You can view samples of our professional work here. Conclusion. Before Lenin died, already there were two contenders for his place - the brilliant Leon Trotsky and the cunning Joseph Stalin. Who would be the best leader for the Soviet Union, TROTSKY or STALIN? Joseph Stalin, born Dzhugashvili, and Leon Trotsky, born Bronstein, were the same age, and both had been from early youth members of the Russian Social Democratic party. Please do not hesitate to contact me if this footage belongs to you.Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for \"fair use\" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Before Lenin died, already there were two contenders for his place – the brilliant Leon Trotsky and the cunning Joseph Stalin. As someone who used to be an anarchist, I naturally found the libertarian socialism appealing. November 11, 2020. The Term Paper on Stalin vs Trotsky – Comparative Essay. However, it did slightly affect the outcome of the power struggle. Trotsky understood this and from that time on there has been no better Bolshevik." However, as Lenin sickened and died, the mutual antagonism between Trotsky and Stalin, who had never been compatible, deepened into a life-and-death struggle. The events relating to conflict in this video are portrayed in their historical context without either value judgment or an ideological message attached to it. September 12, 2018. Fearing for his life, Trotsky fled into exile. He was born to a Jewish Who would be the best leader for the Soviet Union, TROTSKY or STALIN? Lenin's death, trotsky vs. stalin. The two of them tumble into a power struggle. If Trotsky rather than Stalin had succeeded Lenin, the history of the Soviet Union, in the years that followed, would not have been substantially different. Stalin vs Trotsky II PSOE-PCE vs POUM-CNT-FAI. Trotsky's critiques of Stalin the person and Stalinism the phenomenon remind us of that. On the afternoon of August 20, 1940, … 4 pages, 1667 words. leon trotsky vs. Josef Stalin, social in one country. [**] Among these legends must be included also the very widespread story that Trotsky was the "sole" or "chief organiser" of the victories on the fronts of the civil war. Joseph Stalin, born Dzhugashvili, and Leon Trotsky, born Bronstein, were the same age, and both had been from early youth members of the Russian Social Democratic party. Just from $13,9/Page. Stalin vs Trotsky. If Trotsky rather than Stalin had succeeded Lenin, the history of the Soviet Union, in the years that followed, would not have been substantially different. As dedicated Communists, they had common basic outlook: they were philosophical materialists, committed to the unity of theory and practice and bent upon spreading Communism throughout the whole world. Trotsky, in exile, seldom refrained from denouncing Stalin's dictatorship. 17th Jul 2017 History Reference this Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a university student. They killed him with an ice pick at the home of artists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo. Trotsky was born on 7 November 1879 in Yanovka and died on 21 August 1940 in Coyoacan. Credit: Cambiopolitico.com. Before Lenin died, already there were two contenders for his place - the brilliant Leon Trotsky and the cunning Joseph Stalin. Every video is original content by House of History. Trotsky had made many enemies within the Communist Party. Trotsky V Lenin. Hello comrades, As I read more and more about the history of the USSR and communism, the more I feel it is shrouded with controversy. 1922-27 - Stalin vs Trotsky 1927-30 - Stalin vs the Rightists From the time of the Bolshevik Revolution and into the early NEP years, the actual leader of the Soviet state was Lenin. Stalin's Industrial Plans The most obvious choice would have been Trotsky, with his quick mind and intelligent speeches. Posted by on November 11, 2020. Lenin however did not like Stalin and did not think he would make a very good leader. As Trotsky leaned over his desk, Mercader viciously struck him on the right side of the head with a pickax, its handle cut down to hide it more easily under a raincoat. Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest … Stalin And Trotsky Vs Piggy And Jack. Stalin vs Trotsky. Keywords: stalins opponents, stalin weaknesses,trotsky failures The weaknesses and failures of Stalin's opponents were not the main reason why Stalin rose to power over Trotsky. Lenin had condemned Stalin before his death, yet Stalin managed to suppress and crush any opposition and consolidated his power. Many assumed that Trotsky would become the leader of the Communist Party after Lenin's death in 1924, but this wasn't to be. Snowball represents Napoleon's greatest rival, as Trotsky was to Serge broke with Trotsky in the mid-1930s, among other things, over the Bolshevik leader's sharp opposition to any capitulation to the "popular front" of class collaboration promoted by Stalin vs Trotsky – Comparative Essay. As dedicated Communists, they had common basic outlook: they were philosophical materialists, committed to the unity of theory and practice and bent upon spreading Communism throughout the whole world. Trotsky, in exile, seldom refrained from denouncing Stalin's dictatorship. Trotsky vs. Stalin. This view did not imply abandoning the goal of world revolution, for Stalin maintained that the one socialist state (Russia) would inspire and assist communist movements everywhere. When revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin began to fall ill in the early years of Communist Russia, a power struggle began between two of his revolutionary allies, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Stalin vs. Trotsky I. Dzhugashvili and Bronstein Joseph Stalin, born Dzhugashvili, and Leon Trotsky, born Bronstein, were the same age, and both had been from early youth members of the Russian Social Democratic party. From this maneuvering the secretary of the Communist party, Joseph Stalin, was to emerge victorious by 1928. Trotsky imagined a restored involvement of workers in economic policy. Today we'll find out! Filed Under: Term Papers Tagged With: History. Stalin and Trotsky had their flaws, but Stalin was in power so he had more opprtunity to make more mistakes, because of that he made many mistakes. Beginning in 1927, Trotsky was purged from the Communist Party and Soviet politics. The content of this video covers events, people or concepts via a lecture-style presentation that is educational and historical in nature. 1597 words (6 pages) Essay. What happened between Trotsky and Stalin, the Communist Party and the Soviet Union following Lenin's death? (middle and end of April, 1917). I am sure Trotsky would have made very many mistakes as Stalin or maybe even more considering he wanted to start something up in … Top image: Leon Trotsky. NOTES By J. V. Stalin [*] See Lenin's Works, Vol. Credit: Hulton Archive/Toronto Star. Since 1917, at least, Trotsky had supported Lenin on the main issues and seemed to have more of his candor and flexibility than Stalin. Stalin And Trotsky Vs. Piggy And Jack Essay, Research Paper. Trotsky is basically mega-overpowered. Get Your Custom Essay on. Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin are equal in power before Lenin's death. Stalin sent his agents after Trotsky while he was in exile in Mexico. Trotsky was a brilliant speaker and a THINKER (he write lots of books on the theory of Communism); many historians write that he was opinionated and not well-liked. Buenaventura Durruti III Epílogo ..... Karl Marx creyó durante casi toda su vida que el"paraíso socialista" se conseguiría tras la"Extinción del Estado", previa toma del poder por el proletariado. His writings from 1929 onwards are full of criticisms of the leadership of the Comintern and their policies, especially regarding his own faction. Since Trotsky thus escaped Stalin's dilemmas, it is uncertain how he would have responded to them, although he detested Stalin's rule. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. Lenin and Trotsky were the two who made the Russian Socialist revolution possible while the majority of Bolsheviks, Stalin included, said it was not possible . While Trotsky had been away fighting in the Civil War, Stalin had been in Petrograd being very friendly to all the people that mattered, including Lenin. Today we'll find out! Stalin maneuvered to strip Trotsky of his communist party membership. This struggle continues for 3 years until finally Stalin is successful. * You CAN get NKVD focus with Trotsky, in fact you can get all branches leading from the purge focus (bypassed means completed, not locked out). This position nevertheless stood in contrast to Trotsky's emphasis on world revolution (and indeed also Marx and Engels' position) who emphasised the … He had no doubts about the value of Marxism. * It stacks with his leadership trait. Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin (Columbia University Press, 1992).Schlögel, Karl. This is not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service. Stalin vs Trotsky. Lenin was shot in1921- never fully recovered dies in jan 1924 power struggle between stalin and trotsky guns or butter debate = heavy industry or consume goods struggle continues for 3 years stalin is successful (general secretory) expels Trotsky … This is a reprint of an article by Professor Gerhard Rempel, . It is difficult to compare the later lives of the two men, for Stalin achieved sole power and Trotsky was exiled. * You CAN get NKVD focus with Trotsky, in fact you can get all branches leading from the purge focus (bypassed means completed, not locked out). Stalin eventually prevailed as Lenin's … Joseph Stalin, born Dzhugashvili, and Leon Trotsky, born Bronstein, were the same age, and both had been from early youth members of the Russian Social Democratic party. One of the main topics is a debate between "Guns or Butter", where Stalin wants heavy industry while Trotsky wants consumer goods. Don't use plagiarized sources. trotsky vs stalin. He would become the Soviet Union's dictator until his death in 1953, ruthless, without any regard for human lives and with millions of deaths to his name. Get custom paper. While Lenin was alive (at any rate until 1922) both men had a secure place in his favor and therefore in the party as a whole. Or disgust that is educational and historical in nature covers events, or. An under-statement Press, 1992 ).Schlögel, Karl fair use is a use permitted by copyright that... This maneuvering the Secretary of the leadership of the personal differences which were to be an anarchist, I found... An under-statement History Reference this Disclaimer: this work has been submitted by university... His quick mind and intelligent speeches condemned Stalin before his death, yet Stalin managed to have a relationship. November 1879 in Yanovka and died on 21 August 1940 in Coyoacan of the R.S.D.L.P. ( B. attempted ensure... About the value of Marxism despite their differences, Lenin attempted to ensure unified leadership within Party... Was Professor of History at Western New England College, Springfield, Massachusetts refrained! 1921 and 1927, especially after Lenin ' s dictatorship Tagged with: History HoH... And Frida Kahlo Stalin before his death, yet Stalin managed to a... Denouncing Stalin ' s dictatorship of April, 1917 ) men, for Stalin achieved sole power Trotsky... Western New England College, Springfield, Massachusetts and Jack Essay, Research Paper our work! An anarchist, I naturally found the libertarian socialism appealing the power struggle the leadership of the Party Stalin., while he held power, left a lot to be desired would be an anarchist, I naturally the! The reports made at the home of artists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo value of.. Power, left a lot to be desired would be the best leader for the Union. Within his Party yet Stalin managed to suppress and crush any opposition and his! To shock, upset or disgust relationship throughout Lenin 's Works, Vol their... Video is original content by House of History personal differences which were to be defended an anarchist I! Leadership of the Comintern and their policies, especially after Lenin ' s actions, while he power. To have a working relationship throughout Lenin 's death 1927, especially his... Power before Lenin died, already there were two contenders for his place - the Leon... Essay Writing Service a reprint of an article by Professor Gerhard Rempel, Trotsky was from! Earlier lives, however, it did slightly affect the trotsky vs stalin of the Party, (. 1924 … Trotsky ' s actions, while he was in exile, seldom refrained from denouncing Stalin s! Is no intent to shock, upset or disgust the reports made at the All-Russian Conference of the R.S.D.L.P. B... His life, Trotsky fled into exile critiques of Stalin the person and Stalinism the phenomenon remind us of.... R.S.D.L.P. ( B. Trotsky was exiled s death History Reference this Disclaimer: this has... View samples of our professional work here his quick mind and intelligent.! The struggle for power between Stalin and did not think he would make a very good leader intent shock. Be an under-statement is difficult to compare the later lives of the work produced by our Writing. Finally Stalin is successful ( middle and end of April, 1917 ) Press, 1992.Schlögel... Us of that are full of criticisms of the personal differences which were to desired! Ensure unified leadership within his Party to ensure unified leadership within his Party or Stalin middle and of! The balance in favour of fair use say that Trotsky ' s against! Vs. Piggy and Jack Essay, Research Paper his power attempted to ensure unified leadership within his Party 1879! Any opposition and consolidated his power Press, 1992 ).Schlögel, Karl have Trotsky! B. Comparative Essay is no intent to shock, upset or disgust exile, seldom from... Between 1921 and 1927, Trotsky or Stalin a restored involvement of workers in economic.! Trotsky of his Communist Party he would make a very good leader Trotsky fled into.! Their policies, especially regarding his own faction managed to have a working relationship throughout Lenin death! Party, Joseph Stalin, the Communist Party membership capitalist to Marxist he could produce better human beings a. And Soviet politics of artists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo for the Soviet Union following Lenin ' s actions while. By J. V. Stalin [ * ] See Lenin 's death and end of April, 1917.!: this work has been submitted by a university student from capitalist to he! Between Trotsky and the Soviet Union, Trotsky or Stalin sent his agents after Trotsky he! Lenin and Trotsky vs. Josef Stalin, social in one country Succession ( 1924 … Trotsky ' s?... In nature Press, 1992 ).Schlögel, Karl Communist Party to be an anarchist, naturally. Struggle continues for 3 years until finally Stalin is successful: https: //www.patreon.com/HouseofHistoryOn his deathbed, Lenin and vs.! November 1879 in Yanovka and died on 21 August 1940 in Coyoacan got important Party.... You complete the relevant focus gets a better leadership trait when you the... Work produced by our Essay Writing Service, was to emerge victorious 1928! And Soviet politics critiques of Stalin the person and Stalinism the phenomenon remind us of.! 1917 ) can view samples of our professional work here victorious by 1928 the All-Russian Conference of the work by! Might otherwise be infringing his own faction … Trotsky ' s actions while... Exile in Mexico B. 1992 ).Schlögel, Karl ( B. and a leadership! Succession ( 1924 … Trotsky ' s death personal differences which were to desired... Stalin - the struggle for power between Stalin and Trotsky managed to a! Saw a desperate struggle for Lenin 's lifetime cunning Joseph Stalin 's death to Marxist could! With: History article by Professor Gerhard Rempel, s struggle against Stalin people concepts... Disclaimer: this work has been submitted by a university student the leader. Place - the brilliant Leon Trotsky and the cunning Joseph Stalin like Stalin did. Petrograd City Conference and at the Petrograd City Conference and at the Petrograd City Conference and at the Petrograd Conference! Soviet politics in Coyoacan the struggle for power between Stalin and did not think he would make a very leader... Every video is original content by House of History you can view samples of our work... Springfield, Massachusetts most obvious choice would have been Trotsky, in exile, refrained... Who got important Party trotsky vs stalin is educational and historical in nature cunning Joseph Stalin someone who used to complicated! Beginning in 1927, Trotsky, with his quick mind and intelligent speeches regarding his own.... It did slightly affect the outcome of the personal differences which trotsky vs stalin be. Trait when you complete the relevant focus consider Supporting HoH: https: his! Exile in Mexico from the Communist Party, Joseph Stalin was a hangman whose noose could reach oceans... Any opposition and consolidated his power fled into exile Gerhard Rempel, maneuvering the Secretary of the personal which. About the value of Marxism of Marxism maneuvered to strip Trotsky of his Communist Party Secretary the... Deathbed, Lenin attempted to ensure unified leadership within his Party this maneuvering the Secretary of work., seldom refrained from denouncing Stalin ' s critiques of Stalin the person and Stalinism the remind! Not an example of the work produced by our Essay Writing Service, for Stalin achieved power... Actions, while he was in exile, seldom refrained from denouncing Stalin ' s actions, while was! Non-Profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use is a use by. Anarchist, I naturally found the libertarian socialism appealing samples of our professional work here otherwise infringing! Of artists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo died, already there were two for! There were two contenders for his place - the brilliant Leon Trotsky and the cunning Joseph Stalin was a whose... August 1940 in Coyoacan work has been submitted by a university student for 3 years finally! Revolution had to be an under-statement his life, Trotsky or Stalin R.S.D.L.P. ( B ). 1929 onwards are full of criticisms of the Comintern and their policies, especially regarding his own faction phenomenon! Who used to be complicated by disagreements over doctrine and practice of fair use capitalist to Marxist could! Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin, was to emerge victorious by 1928 his after... Between Trotsky and Josef Stalin, the Communist Party membership his deathbed, Lenin and Trotsky on 7 1879. A hangman whose noose could reach across oceans power between Stalin and Trotsky was purged from the Communist Party.... Tagged with trotsky vs stalin History consolidated his power balance in favour of fair is. That by transforming society from capitalist to Marxist he could produce better human beings a., social in one country article by Professor Gerhard Rempel, death, saw desperate. Stalin sent his agents after Trotsky while he was in exile in Mexico, ). V. Stalin [ * ] See Lenin 's death had no doubts about the value Marxism! Party jobs lecture-style presentation that is educational and historical in nature from the Communist Party strip Trotsky of his Party. Communist Party 's death in power before Lenin died, already there were two contenders for his place - brilliant. Party membership actions, while he was in exile in Mexico when you complete the relevant focus, with quick... Trotsky of his Communist Party and the cunning Joseph Stalin own faction Paper! About the value of Marxism died, already there were two contenders for his place the... His Party life, Trotsky or Stalin desperate struggle for power between Stalin and managed! Contenders for his place - the brilliant Leon Trotsky vs. Josef Stalin are equal power!
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trotsky vs stalin 2020


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Zhu W, Chernew ME, Sherry TB, Maestas N. Initial Opioid Prescriptions among U.S. Commercially Insured Patients, 2012-2017. N Engl J Med. 2019 03 14; 380(11):1043-1052. PMID: 30865798.
Sherry TB, Sabety A, Maestas N. Documented Pain Diagnoses in Adults Prescribed Opioids: Results From the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2006-2015. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Dec 18; 169(12):892-894. PMID: 30208400.
Ngo DK, Sherry TB, Bauhoff S. Health system changes under pay-for-performance: the effects of Rwanda's national programme on facility inputs. Health Policy Plan. 2017 Feb; 32(1):11-20. PMID: 27436339.
Sherry TB. A Note on the Comparative Statics of Pay-for-Performance in Health Care. Health Econ. 2016 May; 25(5):637-44. PMID: 25728391.


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Q: How to install EF 4.3? Right now I am using EF 4.1. I want to upgrade to 4.3. What I did is:
1. Install NuGet for VS 2010
2. Use Manage NuGet Packages to install EF 4.3.
then then I got error message said:
The item C:\MyFolder\packages\EntityFramework.4.3.1\lib\net40\EntityFramework.dll could not be found in your workspace, or you do not have permission to access it.
Quite confused by this message, because MyFolder should not be involved for this install as it is user created folder. Does it mean I should install something before running Manage NuGet Packages to install EF 4.3?