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Supplefer Sprinkles / iron sprinkles : reducing global iron deficiency anemia-publications
Posted on August 6, 2019 September 5, 2021 by Supplefer
Dr. Zlotkin's research group at the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada has been committed to the goal of reducing micronutrient deficiencies including iron deficiency anemia among infants and young children particularly in the developing countries. Iron deficiency is the most widespread, but preventable nutritional deficiency affecting up to 750 million infants and children worldwide. The research group has been engaged to undertake a number of important activities to support the distribution and use of micronutrient Sprinkles in countries and population groups with high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. These included a wide variety of (i) community-based research studies, (ii) program development for the distribution of Sprinkles and (iii) general support for the manufacturing of Sprinkles.
Community-based research refers to a series of efficacy and effectiveness studies testing the impact of Sprinkles containing iron and other essential micronutrients in treating and preventing anemia. These studies also assessed the acceptability, compliance, and possible side-effects associated with the use of Sprinkles. Program development includes in-country formative research and cost-effectiveness studies to develop country specific strategies and large-scale projects for implementation of strategies to distribute Sprinkles to populations in need of them. Lastly, manufacturing refers to supporting the product development of Sprinkles and transfer of technology to increase the capacity of Sprinkles production worldwide.
The purpose of this report is to illustrate the activities and various outcomes that have been undertaken during the fiscal year 2002-2003. The report is intended to provide a brief description of Sprinkles, a background to many of the research projects, as well as a description of the various activities that are planned for the upcoming year. Also the report summarizes the publications of peer-reviewed articles on Sprinkles that have been published in medical/nutrition journals over the past year.
Micronutrient Sprinkles
The development of Sprinkles was based on observations from industrialized countries where the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is low. In these countries, acceptance of commercially fortified food is high because the fortificants do not necessarily change the color, texture and taste and their addition do not increase the costs of the food to any significant extent. In 1996, a UNICEF consultation was held to review the existing interventions (i.e. iron drops) to address iron deficiency anemia in children. It was observed that these interventions were rarely effective due to many constraints including poor acceptance and adherence to treatment. Therefore, the development of a new fortification approach was put forth; one that would overcome the operational constraints associated with supplementation with iron drop. In response to this new challenge our research group at the Hospital for Sick Children developed a new approach to "home fortification" known as micronutrient Sprinkles. Sprinkles consist of microencapsulated iron and other essential micronutrients to treat and prevent iron and other deficiencies in infants and young children. The encapsulation is a thin lipid (vegetable fat) coating that prevents the iron from dissolving into the weaning food, thus, preventing any change in color, flavor and taste to the food. Sprinkles are packed in single-serving sachets containing a day's requirement, which are mixed into homemade weaning foods right before feeding to a child. The unique formulation provides the flexibility to mix any other micronutrient with the encapsulated iron granules including vitamin A, C, D, B vitamins, folic acid, zinc, etc. without increasing cost to any significant extent (Schauer & Zlotkin, 2003).
The problem – iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia
Despite repeated attempts by the United Nations and bi-lateral and international agencies to set goals and define operational strategies to eradicate iron deficiency, the number of women and children with iron deficiency and anemia continues to increase with time and remains the most prevalent nutrition problem in the developing world today. Anemia during childhood and infancy is known to be linked with impaired mental and cognitive development and learning capacity. It is not an overstatement to suggest that the possible irreversibility of these health effects is a significant threat to the social and economic development of developing countries.
While iron supplementation is an acceptable and widely implemented intervention to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia in adults, feasible and realistic options for young children remain limited. In a recently published review article, Zlotkin suggested three strategies to address the problem (Zlotkin SH. The role of nutrition in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in infants, children and adolescents. Can Med Assoc Journal 168:59-62, 2003). The three strategies include, feeding high quality weaning foods that contain some animal products rich in iron and other essential micronutrients (dietary diversification); encouraging the use of industrially processed fortified weaning foods (targeted food fortification); and, supplementation with iron drops (medicinal supplementation). But, these strategies rarely succeed because most of them are expensive, some conflict with the existing food practices and many are associated with low compliance. Small-scale studies demonstrated a low compliance to iron drops in young children because of the metallic taste of iron compounds, strong odor and side effects due to gastric irritation. At a meeting held in Paris in the summer of 2002, sponsored by USAID (and subsequently published in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition ), a number of new fortification strategies were reviewed and to varying degrees, endorsed (Nestel P, Briend A, de Benoist B, et al. Complementary food supplements to achieve micronutrient adequacy for infants and young children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2003; 36: 316-28). All of the strategies were intended to increase the micronutrient (particularly iron) quality of weaning foods. The new interventions were referred to as "Complementary Food Supplements". Complementary food supplements include crushable multiple-micronutrient tablets, micronutrient-containing spreads and Sprinkles.
The inclusion of Sprinkles as one of the three new interventions is a clear and unambiguous affirmation that Sprinkles is now recognized by the international nutrition community as an important potential solution to the stubborn, unsolved problem of iron deficiency. As was stated in the concluding paragraph of the article, "Complementary food supplements are a new and promising approach for reducing multiple micronutrient deficiencies in infants and young children living in developing countries…" The success of getting Sprinkles into the international spotlight was a direct result of the funding provided by the Heinz Foundation in support of the Sprinkles projects.
The challenges….
The challenges associated with the development of a new health-intervention are substantial. At a minimum, they include field trials (efficacy and effectiveness research studies), product development (quality assurance), advocacy (at global, regional and national levels) and other promotional activities including social-marketing at the local level. The research field trials have to demonstrate to the international science-community that Sprinkles are safe and effective in treating and preventing anemia and iron deficiency. We have begun to accomplish this task through a series of studies which have included anemic infants and children 6-24 months of age living under disadvantaged conditions including poverty and the increased burden of infectious diseases. Our studies have spanned the globe from West Africa (Ghana) to Asia (China) to South America (Bolivia). To address our goal of developing sustainable, country-specific programs to distribute Sprinkles we have had to address a number of important and complex operational issues. These included ensuring a sustained reliable supply of Sprinkles, developing in-country infrastructure for assessing operational feasibility, assessing acceptability and coverage particularly in reaching geographically diverse 'at risk' population groups, and, finally, evaluating cost-effectiveness. We have begun to accomplish these tasks through a large distribution program in Mongolia (distribution to about 15,000 children) and planned programs in Guyana, Indonesia and Cambodia. The goal of reaching the poorest members of a country is not simple, yet despite the complexity of the task, our research group with the continued support of H.J. Heinz Company Foundation has made significant inroads into making Sprinkles a widely accepted and available solution to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia in young children worldwide.
Accomplishments and On-going International Activities
Afghanistan (for relief-aid)
We are actively collaborating with a large French humanitarian relief agency, "Action Contre Le Faim – ACF" (Action Against Hunger) to support their work on famine and malnutrition in regions of Afghanistan where micronutrient deficiencies among children are high including the increased risk of death from scurvy, a vitamin C deficiency. After a productive meeting (in Toronto) with the representatives of ACF, operational research is being planned to evaluate the feasibility of including Sprinkles at supplemental feeding centers where children receive prepared meals to improve their growth and nutritional status. An initial batch of 100,000 Sprinkles is ready for shipment to Afghanistan.
Developing a cost-effective and sustainable distribution strategy for Sprinkles targeted to the poorest segment of rural populations continues to be a major challenge. Using the experience and strength of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in reaching the rural-poor is potentially an efficient way of achieving this goal. With this goal in mind, we have initiated a partnership with BRAC, the largest NGO in Bangladesh. The organization spans the entire country and reaches over half of the total population through its development, health and education interventions. As a first phase of the collaboration, formative research is being planned to assess the acceptability and demand for Sprinkles among caregivers and communities. Based on the results of this formative research, education and motivational materials will be developed for use in a planned distribution of Sprinkles. The formative research is expected to be launched by the third quarter of this year.
With funding provided by the Heinz Foundation, Zlotkin was able to support a pediatrician-in-training to complete a small clinical trial in the altiplano (highland) region of Bolivia that included 62 iron deficient anemic children aged 1-6 years. In this region of Bolivia, the prevalence of anemia is very high at 34%. In the altiplano (highlands) the average life expectancy is 62 years. This ranges from as low as 45 years in rural areas, to 75 in industrialized areas. Poverty is a major problem, with 67% of the population living below the poverty line; 36% living in extreme poverty. Infant mortality is 64 per 1000 live births; under 5 yr mortality is 83 per 1000 live births. Malnutrition is a problem for poor families, especially in rural areas, where access to health care is also limited. Potatoes and maize-based products are the staple of their diet.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of microencapsulated Sprinkles to treat anemia.
At the end of the two-month supplementation trial, a 91% cure rate of anemia was observed. The mean increase in hemoglobin concentration (22 g/L) was found to be highly significant. The 91% cure-rate was more than even we expected. All of the Sprinkles that remained at the end of the study were donated to the villages in the Highland, but this intervention is a good example of the need for widespread distribution of Sprinkles in populations in need after the research is completed.
In early 2002, we initiated a research collaboration with the prestigious Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, in Beijing, to investigate the use of Sprinkles in school-age Chinese children. Our goals were to determine the optimal number of doses to use per week, and the most appropriate dose of iron for a mixed population of anemic and non-anemic children. The first study was conducted among 600 children in Xin-Shi-dai kindergarten schools in Baotou city of Neimenggu Autonomous Region, Northern China. Although an iron sufficient population was studied, the study results suggested that a daily dose of 30 mg iron provided through Sprinkles was acceptable and perfectly safe. This study was replicated in another Chinese location, Guizhou province, where the prevalence of anemia was believed to be higher. Studying an iron deficient population will allow us to compare the efficacy between daily and weekly dosages of Sprinkles in reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. The field activities were completed earlier this year, but because of SARS, a complete set of results are not yet available.
In addition to the two projects that were completed in China over the past year with the Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, in collaboration with Heinz China, a study was undertaken to assess the acceptability of Sprinkles amongst Chinese mothers in large urban centers (Guangzhou and Shanghai) and 3 smaller per-urban centers. The study was undertaken to determine the potential acceptance of Sprinkles if Sprinkles were to be widely distributed in China. Using the facilities of the AC Neilson Company, Sprinkles were placed in a total of 1,386 homes of families with children between 6 months to 5 years of age for a period of 1 month. The aim of the project was to assess the acceptance and attitude of mothers towards the use Sprinkles. After 4 weeks usage, mothers perceived that there was a benefit to using Sprinkles: more than one third of mothers thought that the effect was "good/very good" with another 50% saying "okay, fine". The proportion giving a negative comment only accounted for 14%, which was due to perceived changes in stool characteristics during the first week of use, and some effect on the taste of food. Among the positive effects, mothers noted an improvement in their children's appetite, and positive changes in the behavioral and physical activity. Children were perceived as becoming more active and energetic, and slept better. Our general conclusion was that Sprinkles would be well accepted in terms of both concept appeal and product efficacy.
First Nation/Inuit in Canada
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Sprinkles to treat and prevent anemia in First Nation and Inuit infants and young children in Northern Canada. This is an on-going series of clinical trials supported by Health Canada that started in January 2001 and will be completed in June 2003. Three northern communities, Attawapiskat, Fort Albany and Igloolik were chosen to participate in the study. The closest community Attawapiskat is more than 1000 km from Toronto.
The study is funded by Health Canada's First Nations and Inuit Health Branch. It incorporates a longitudinal design, with a 3-month intervention period. In addition, a 'prevention group' is being followed for 6 months. This study uses a comparative design, comparing Sprinkles to iron drops. According to preliminary data from this study, 14% – 35% of the children in these communities are anemic. In contrast, only 5-7% of children in Southern Canada are anemic. Anemia is therefore a major public health concern in these communities.
Although we do not as yet have the final biological results from the study, we do have some preliminary information on use and acceptability of sprinkles versus drops. Compliance with the use of Sprinkles averaged 50-100% in 73% (treatment group) and 43% (prevention group) of children respectively. Compliance with drops versus Sprinkles was not significantly different and varied a great deal from visit to visit and between communities. Commonly mentioned side-effects with drops included diarrhea and stomachache (62% and 23% children in the iron drop group suffered from diarrhea and stomachache, respectively). However, none of the children in the Sprinkles group reported these side-effects. In general more children appeared to like the Sprinkles as compared to the drops. These qualitative research findings suggested that the regular consumption of Sprinkles made children more active; walking, talking and in general appearing happier than before the intervention. Some mothers also stated that their children appeared to grow faster. Participants felt that over time they frequently forgot to give the Sprinkles. Memory aids and methods to increase motivation should be considered to increase compliance with long-term interventions.
At the end of the study, Health Canada will evaluate the feasibility of placing Sprinkles as an alternative intervention to drops in northern medical clinics as part of the routine care of children in these communities.
Cambodia and Indonesia
In collaboration with Helen Keller Indonesia (a large international NGO) we are planning a large project to distribute Sprinkles to thousands of infants and young children. Sprinkles will be used to improve the nutritional status of children 6 to 59 months, with a focus of vitamin A and iron deficiency. While HKI Indonesia, an international NGO, is mainly responsible for the implementation of the project, our group is expected to provide necessary technical assistance in producing and distributing Sprinkles. Sprinkles were chosen for this project by HKI because they can be added to any kind of food that a young child eats and might therefore be regarded more as a condiment rather than a medicine. This is thought to be important for a long-lasting intervention aimed at prevention rather than treatment of micronutrient deficiencies. Production facilities for the local packaging of Sprinkles are being established by Heinz ABC, Jakarta. The pilot projects in both Indonesia and Cambodia will require the production of 10 million Sprinkles over the next 2 years.
The Inter-American Development Bank has offered the government of Guyana a 5 million dollar loan to develop an in-country program to deal with the major problem of micronutrient deficiencies among children and women in that country. IDB, on behalf of the government of Guyana approached the Sprinkles research group to help design the implementation program and plan appropriate outcome measures. In addition, the largest pharmaceutical company in Guyana, New GPC has asked for the rights to package sprinkles in Guyana. Our role is to assist with the transfer of technology to New GPC to manufacture Sprinkles in-country, and to consult with the Ministry of Health on the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the program. New GPC will manufacture the Sprinkles on a cost-recovery basis. The program will promote proper complementary feeding to infants and young children in addition to providing food vouchers and Sprinkles to disadvantaged populations within the country. A pilot project to deliver Sprinkles to pregnant women through pre-natal clinics will also be explored. The project should commence late summer 2003.
Over the past year, we have continued our productive and successful collaboration with the Ministry of Health, Health Research Facility in Kintampo, Central Ghana. We have completed a large 'iron absorption' study and are about to complete an important dose response study. The Toronto staff has traveled to Ghana to train local staff and actively participate in these ongoing studies.
Our first study, which was completed in the spring and summer of 2002 aimed at determining how well the iron in Sprinkles was absorbed in anemic and non-anemic infants and young children. This question was important because once Sprinkles are used in a country-wide public health program, the recipients will be both anemic as well as non-anemic children. Thus, our goal is to establish a single dose of iron (in Sprinkles packages) that will be adequate for anemic children but not excessive for non-anemic recipients. To determine the absorption of iron, we used sophisticated 'stable-isotope' techniques. This method uses non-radioactive isotopes of iron which are perfectly safe for children and pregnant women. A total of 90 children participated. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly demonstrate how much absorbed iron is used to make new red blood cells in infants and young children.
Results from this study (presented at the Experimental Biology meeting in April 2003 demonstrated that infants regulate iron absorption according to their iron needs; thus, anemic children absorb more iron than non-anemic children because of their increased need for iron. Mean iron absorption from Sprinkles was about 5% in non-anemic infants and about 8% in anemic infants. This information has allowed us to accurately determine an acceptable range of iron doses to include in Sprinkles packages. Based on this information, we started a clinical study in May 2003 in Kintampo. The purpose of this study is to use the absorption results to determine an appropriate and safe dose for Sprinkles to be used in program settings. We are testing four different doses of iron to determine the optimal 'safe' dose of iron to treat anemia. Children will receive supplementation for a period of 2 months. Change in hemoglobin from Sprinkles will be compared to a positive control group receiving 12.5 mg Fe from iron drops. The use of drops at this dose is the current WHO and UNICEF recommendation to treat and prevent anemia in infants and children. This study will be followed by another trial to investigate the optimal duration of supplementation needed to protect children from developing iron deficiency anemia.
This study is jointly funded by the Foundation grant and by the Canadian government through a Canadian Institutes of Health (the CIHR is the equivalent of the American NIH) research grant.
IndiaIn collaboration with the King Edward Memorial Hospital and Medical Research Institute, in Pune, India our research group has just been awarded (May 2003) a second CIHR research grant to conduct a new study in India which will also examine the most appropriate dose of iron to use in Indian infants and young children. A parallel initiative is also in progress to determine the feasibility of local packaging of Sprinkles in India in anticipation of scaling up of Sprinkles' activities.
Because of economic instability and severe winters, the typical Mongolian diet for young children is deficient in both iron and vitamin D, with potentially very severe consequences for proper child growth and development. In response to these conditions a project aimed at distributing Sprinkles was developed and implemented jointly with the World Vision Mongolia. The goal of this distribution project was to reach over 10,000 children residing within eight districts in urban and rural Mongolia. Sprinkles are being distributed in these areas in an effort to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency rickets in children. The two-year program began in September 2001, thus the final impact evaluation will be conducted in September 2003. Members of our research group will travel to Mongolia to supervise and monitor the final surveys. To date, the program has reached over 84% of all eligible children with a high level of compliance; an average of over 75% of the monthly supply of Sprinkles are being consumed by children. Mothers also reported a number of positive effects of Sprinkles on child's health including higher mental and physical development. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with mothers and other care-givers suggested that the acceptability of Sprinkles was high and that it was easy to mix Sprinkles with any weaning food. No cultural barriers were identified that would limit the use of Sprinkles. However, some mothers felt that the duration of intervention was too long and that it was difficult to remind themselves of regular long-term use of Sprinkles. Better communication strategies and messages should be developed to overcome this barrier. Alternatively, the duration of the intervention could be shorter. This project will be completed in September-October of this year.
Both zinc supplementation and probiotics have been found to be efficacious in reducing the duration and severity of diarrhea-related mortality in various developing country settings. Our research question in Pakistan was to determine whether zinc combined with probiotics when added to 'Sprinkles' would significantly reduce days of diarrhea and associated mortality in Pakistani children. For this clinical trial, a partnership has been developed with the Department of Pediatrics, Aga Khan University Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan. A pilot project is currently ongoing among 75 infants selected from an urban slum of Karachi. The results of the pilot study will be available by the end of 2003. It is expected that a larger clinical trial will be launched soon after completion of the pilot project and data analysis. If Sprinkles with zinc and probiotics show positive results in preventing diarrhea, the number one cause of death in children under 2 years of age, this could lead to the support of scaling up the intervention in selected areas of Pakistan in the future.
Viet Nam and Benin
Cooking foods in iron pots has been suggested as an efficacious strategy to reduce anemia prevalence in a general population. However, concerns remain on the appropriateness of this intervention in terms of the cost-effectiveness and cultural acceptance. Supported by CIDA, we are now working with PATH Canada and CARE Canada to conduct a series of studies to compare the efficacy and effectiveness (including cost and cultural acceptance) of iron pots and Sprinkles in different population groups in rural areas of Benin and Viet Nam. Sprinkles will be used as the gold standard in the efficacy study to treat and prevent anemia in infants and young children, adolescents, and women of reproductive age. The goal of the study is to ultimately reach 100,000 beneficiaries in each country with the most cost-effective combination of interventions. The research proposal has been finalized and approved by appropriate agencies/committees and implementation will begin in the summer of 2003.
Developing innovative laboratory tools
In addition to country specific research and program development, we are also working to improve our technical capacity by developing innovative and easy-to-use tools to assess various biomedical markers of micronutrient deficiencies including serum transferrin receptors (sTfR), a specific and sensitive indicator of iron deficiency. Although the sTfR assay requires a very small volume of 'finger-prick' blood, a number of practical issues limit its utility in remote or underdeveloped regions, where problems of iron deficiency are most prevalent. If local laboratories are not available, shipping of samples to a central laboratory under controlled temperature is often costly and difficult to manage. As a result, we are developing an alternative method of transporting blood samples and assessing transferrin receptor through the use of a spot of blood on filter paper (a dried spot technique). This research has been funded by a combination of funds from the Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC-Atlanta).
Another research area we are pursuing in to support Sprinkles is 'mathematical modeling to predict the response to population-based micronutrient interventions'. It is very time-consuming and expensive to have to repeat the same research study in different countries, yet, this is often the case since one country (e.g. China) might not be willing to accept the results from that same study done in an alternate jurisdiction (e.g. Indonesia). To potentially circumvent this problem we have turned to the technique of mathematic modeling. We are using Markov Chain and Monte Carlo statistical methods to predict outcome measures of two previously conducted trials of iron supplementation provided as Sprinkles. Taking initial parameter input for age, weight and hemoglobin from the respective studies, the final outcomes are predicted by modeling physiological processes that regulate iron metabolism. Predicted results from the two trials were fairly close to the observed ones from real data when compared using summary statistics and quantile-quantile plots. A third trial was simulated to predict the outcomes of the dose response study in Ghana prior to it being launched in the field. The predicted results will be compared to the actual outcomes upon completion of the trial by the end of this year. By using predictive modeling, we hope to convince ministries of health, government agencies, etc, that it is not necessary to repeat Sprinkles studies in each country in which Sprinkles should be used.
Articles published in peer-reviewed journals
Below is a list of articles authored by the members of the Sprinkles research group that were published in scientific or peer-reviewed journals since receiving the HJ Heinz Foundation grant.
· Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Antwi KY, Yeung G. Treatment of anemia with microencapsulated ferrous fumarate plus ascorbic acid supplied as sprinkles to complementary (weaning) foods. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2001; 74: 781-5.
· Liyanage C, Zlotkin S. Bioavailability of iron from micro-encapsulated iron sprinkle supplement. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2002; 23: 133-137.
Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Schauer C, Antwi KY, Yeung G, Piekarz. Home-fortification with iron and zinc sprinkles alone successfully treats anemia in infants and young children. Journal of Nutrition 2003; 133: 1075-1080.
· Zlotkin S, Antwi KY, Schauer C, Yeung G. Use of microencapsulated iron (II) fumarate sprinkles to prevent recurrence of anemia in infants and young children at high risk. Bulletin of World Health Organization 2003; 81: 108-115.
· Schauer C, Zlotkin S. Home fortification with micronutrient sprinkles – a new approach for prevention and treatment of nutritional anemias. Paediatr Child Health 2003; 8: 87-90.
· Zlotkin SH. Clinical Nutrition: The role of nutrition in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in infants, children and adolescents. Can Med Assoc Journal 168:59-62, 2003.
In addition to the above scientific publications, four posters based on the research findings on Sprinkles being undertaken in Ghana and Mongolia were presented at the 2003 International Nutritional Anemias Consultative Group (INACG) Symposium in Morocco.
Iron Deficiency in Athletes and Link to Anemia Complications
Iron Absorption, Storage, Metabolism and Iron Deficiency Anemia
Avoiding Iron Deficiency Anemia on a Flexitarian Diet
Childhood Obesity and Iron Deficiency Anemia Linked to Prolonged Bottle Feeding
The Hospital for Sick Children,
Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition,
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SRM Deemed to be University provides more than 300 programs for the students in trend with the industry expectation. The craft brewing industry in India is a rapidly growing; consequent to the amendment of the excise policy, spurning the growth of the Microbrewery and Mid-Scale brewing industry. Several states are now amending their Excise policies adding to the growth of this industry. This is turn has created a need for qualified and certified brewing professionals. Unfortunately, the educational and technical training establishment, have not kept pace with this professional need of this industry. The industry is therefore compelled to employ foreign brewers.
Sensing the growth of the industry and opportunities that can be provided to the society as careers, SRM has signed a MoU with Prodeband have jointly evolved a comprehensive, industry-oriented, craft brewing training program.
The program will provide a wide knowledge in academics, practical and engineering aspects in the Art and Science of Brewing. Under this collaboration, the training program will have two batches enrolled per semester of 6 months. The Diploma in Craft Brewing program will cover 3 months of academic training at the SRM Institute of Technology campus, and a 3-month term at the facilities of Prodeb, for the Practical Lab and Workshop Training.
On successfully completing their training, students would enter the industry with a firm academic and professional grounding, and a decisive edge of other prospective job aspirants. The career opportunities would lead them to head a microbrewery earning twice or even be employed abroad. Students would have also gained the required academic competency to clear examinations conducted by the Institute of Brewing and Distilling, UK.
The course will be a good exposure to students, as the training will take place simultaneously at SRM, Prodeb Laboratories, and the Prodeb workshop, in a rotation, over the six months term. SRM will engage with Prodeb Brewery Technology Belgium Pvt Ltd in a Memorandum of understanding to mutual support the training program.


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Piercings are cool, as long as you don't end up looking like a pin cushion.
Piercings are preferred to tattoos. Sexiest we've seen on girls: left nipple ring. Worst: sternum (ouch!) Second-worst: anywhere on the face besides the nose. If you opt for a lip ring, know that it looks like herpes from a distance, and up close it just looks like metal in your lip. A nose ring on a women where it matches her face and style can be very sexy, usually the smaller the nose ring the better.
As for piercings on guys, traditionally in North America if you had one in your left ear it signified that you're straight, and being in the right ear that you're gay. In modern times nobody pays too much attention to this, and it's extremely common to see men with both ears pierced. It suits some men and doesn't suit others at all. Most men who are in the business world don't have any visible piercings, because it's frowned upon by the "old boys club". Nipple rings are pretty popular and we've heard that they can be fun when played with by a member of the opposite sex.
If you're a guy, don't get any of the following piercings, as they make you look gay or just plain retarded: belly button, back of the neck, under the lip, cheek, and anywhere on your arms, hand, legs or feet.
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BachelorPedia has been around since 2007, bringing the world our view of the bachelor lifestyle with topics and articles that we feel are entertaining for the masses.
Our group is full of dry humor and we ourselves think we're funny, hopefully you will too! This website covers all sorts of random topics, and we're always looking for new ideas to write about so feel free to drop us a line!
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The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study: Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine
Jeri S. Burr, Tammara L. Jenkins, Rick Harrison, Kathleen Meert, K. J.S. Anand, John T. Berger, Jerry Zimmerman, Joseph Carcillo, J. Michael Dean, Christopher J.L. Newth, Douglas F. Willson, Ronald C. Sanders, Murray M. Pollack, Eric Harvill, Carol E. Nicholson
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To provide an updated overview of critical pertussis to the pediatric critical care community and describe a study of critical pertussis recently undertaken. Setting: The six sites, seven hospitals of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network, and 17 outside sites at academic medical centers with pediatric intensive care units. Results: Despite high coverage for childhood vaccination, pertussis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in US children, especially among infants. In pediatric intensive care units, Bordetella pertussis is a community-acquired pathogen associated with critical illness and death. The incidence of medical and developmental sequelae in critical pertussis survivors remains unknown, and the appropriate strategies for treatment and support remain unclear. The Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network Critical Pertussis Study has begun to evaluate critical pertussis in a prospective cohort. Conclusion: Research is urgently needed to provide an evidence base that might optimize management for critical pertussis, a serious, disabling, and too often fatal illness for U.S. children and those in the developing world.
https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058
10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058
Dive into the research topics of 'The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study: Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Whooping Cough Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Critical Care Medicine & Life Sciences 72%
Medicine Medicine & Life Sciences 60%
Pediatric Intensive Care Units Medicine & Life Sciences 28%
Bordetella pertussis Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Critical Illness Medicine & Life Sciences 11%
Burr, J. S., Jenkins, T. L., Harrison, R., Meert, K., Anand, K. J. S., Berger, J. T., Zimmerman, J., Carcillo, J., Dean, J. M., Newth, C. J. L., Willson, D. F., Sanders, R. C., Pollack, M. M., Harvill, E., & Nicholson, C. E. (2011). The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study: Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 12(4), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058
Burr, Jeri S. ; Jenkins, Tammara L. ; Harrison, Rick et al. / The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study : Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine. In: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2011 ; Vol. 12, No. 4. pp. 387-392.
@article{e2ad63dcc0f9476fbc2a1a6783533bc5,
title = "The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study: Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine",
abstract = "Objective: To provide an updated overview of critical pertussis to the pediatric critical care community and describe a study of critical pertussis recently undertaken. Setting: The six sites, seven hospitals of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network, and 17 outside sites at academic medical centers with pediatric intensive care units. Results: Despite high coverage for childhood vaccination, pertussis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in US children, especially among infants. In pediatric intensive care units, Bordetella pertussis is a community-acquired pathogen associated with critical illness and death. The incidence of medical and developmental sequelae in critical pertussis survivors remains unknown, and the appropriate strategies for treatment and support remain unclear. The Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network Critical Pertussis Study has begun to evaluate critical pertussis in a prospective cohort. Conclusion: Research is urgently needed to provide an evidence base that might optimize management for critical pertussis, a serious, disabling, and too often fatal illness for U.S. children and those in the developing world.",
author = "Burr, {Jeri S.} and Jenkins, {Tammara L.} and Rick Harrison and Kathleen Meert and Anand, {K. J.S.} and Berger, {John T.} and Jerry Zimmerman and Joseph Carcillo and Dean, {J. Michael} and Newth, {Christopher J.L.} and Willson, {Douglas F.} and Sanders, {Ronald C.} and Pollack, {Murray M.} and Eric Harvill and Nicholson, {Carol E.}",
doi = "10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058",
journal = "Pediatric Critical Care Medicine",
Burr, JS, Jenkins, TL, Harrison, R, Meert, K, Anand, KJS, Berger, JT, Zimmerman, J, Carcillo, J, Dean, JM, Newth, CJL, Willson, DF, Sanders, RC, Pollack, MM, Harvill, E & Nicholson, CE 2011, 'The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study: Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine', Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 387-392. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058
The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study : Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine. / Burr, Jeri S.; Jenkins, Tammara L.; Harrison, Rick et al.
In: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 12, No. 4, 07.2011, p. 387-392.
T1 - The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study
T2 - Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine
AU - Burr, Jeri S.
AU - Jenkins, Tammara L.
AU - Harrison, Rick
AU - Meert, Kathleen
AU - Anand, K. J.S.
AU - Berger, John T.
AU - Zimmerman, Jerry
AU - Carcillo, Joseph
AU - Dean, J. Michael
AU - Newth, Christopher J.L.
AU - Willson, Douglas F.
AU - Sanders, Ronald C.
AU - Pollack, Murray M.
AU - Harvill, Eric
AU - Nicholson, Carol E.
N2 - Objective: To provide an updated overview of critical pertussis to the pediatric critical care community and describe a study of critical pertussis recently undertaken. Setting: The six sites, seven hospitals of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network, and 17 outside sites at academic medical centers with pediatric intensive care units. Results: Despite high coverage for childhood vaccination, pertussis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in US children, especially among infants. In pediatric intensive care units, Bordetella pertussis is a community-acquired pathogen associated with critical illness and death. The incidence of medical and developmental sequelae in critical pertussis survivors remains unknown, and the appropriate strategies for treatment and support remain unclear. The Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network Critical Pertussis Study has begun to evaluate critical pertussis in a prospective cohort. Conclusion: Research is urgently needed to provide an evidence base that might optimize management for critical pertussis, a serious, disabling, and too often fatal illness for U.S. children and those in the developing world.
AB - Objective: To provide an updated overview of critical pertussis to the pediatric critical care community and describe a study of critical pertussis recently undertaken. Setting: The six sites, seven hospitals of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network, and 17 outside sites at academic medical centers with pediatric intensive care units. Results: Despite high coverage for childhood vaccination, pertussis causes substantial morbidity and mortality in US children, especially among infants. In pediatric intensive care units, Bordetella pertussis is a community-acquired pathogen associated with critical illness and death. The incidence of medical and developmental sequelae in critical pertussis survivors remains unknown, and the appropriate strategies for treatment and support remain unclear. The Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network Critical Pertussis Study has begun to evaluate critical pertussis in a prospective cohort. Conclusion: Research is urgently needed to provide an evidence base that might optimize management for critical pertussis, a serious, disabling, and too often fatal illness for U.S. children and those in the developing world.
U2 - 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058
DO - 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058
JO - Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
JF - Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Burr JS, Jenkins TL, Harrison R, Meert K, Anand KJS, Berger JT et al. The collaborative pediatric critical care research network critical pertussis study: Collaborative research in pediatric critical care medicine. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2011 Jul;12(4):387-392. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181fe4058


text:
Invasions from the South
erhaps as a response to foreign intrusions in southern Africa, Shaka of the Zulu, and Nguni clan, set about creating a centralised militaristic state in the early 19th century. Surrounding peoples who did not voluntarily agree to absorbtions in the growing Zulu empire had no option but to flee for survival. Three of these groups were to make a forceful impact on Zambia, 1500 km to the north of the Zulu heartland in eastern South Africa.
One of these was a Sotho clan from today's Orange Free State: its leader was Sebitwane and he named his people Kololo after his favourite wife. Another was Mzilikazi, one of Shaka's generals who quarreled with him and moved away. After being defeated by the Dutch settlers in the Transvaal, he and his Ndebele invaded and conquered Western Zimbabwe.
The third, like Mzilikazi an Nguni, was Zongendaba. He led his followers out of Shaka's domains in the 1820's. These Ngoni (as they are known today) crossed the Zambezi in 1835 and went northwards as far as Lake Tanganyika where they settled for a while among the Bemba. In 1865, under Zongendaba's successor Mpenzeni I, they established themselves permanently in what is now Zambia's Eastern Province.
Mzilikazi conquered Zimbabwe in 1837, while Sebitwane has crossed the Zambezi a few years previously and taken over territory just north of the Victoria Falls. From there he marched west to conquer the Lozi kingdom of the Upper Zambezi and founded his Kololo state.
It would be a mistake to talk of Zambia at this time as a 'country'. The area defined by the present boundaries was occupied by various kingdoms, for example the Bemba, the Lunda, the Kololo, the Chewa, the last much weakened by Ngoni pillaging. It has been argued that these entities, if left alone, could have developed into 20th Century nation states – central African Bhutans or Swazilands. But there are no ifs in history.
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The History and Discovery of Victoria Falls
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Julie and I have had our RV now for just about a year. One of the things that has driven me insane, and I suspect others as well is getting the proper settings on your Winegard Dome for DISH network. What most RV dealers don't know is there is multiple settings on the unit. You also may need to CHANGE those settings depending on where you are travelling to. This is assuming you are not using a tri-pod setup, but what I am going to explain will apply either way. I will be referencing items from This Document as well. I've been meaning to document this for my own purposes and to help out others.
The other challenge in the Northeastern US is that the 110 and 119 locations are not even available as you can see from the map below. Notice parts of New England are not even covered?
By the same token this map shows you the coverage of the 61.5 and 129 locations.
what some people may or may not know is your dome has a bank of Dip switches. Now to make things MORE confusing, the documentation from WinegardWinegard does not do a good job explaining things. Below is the THREE settings you can make on your dome depending on the combination you want. You will notice there is a "Hybrid" setting if you decide you need it. The documentation NEVER refers to the DISH Western ARC, most dealers just set your dome to the "DISH" setting which is in fact the Western Arc. I figured this out when I bought my RV in New Hampshire and could not get programming.
What DISH Network Setting Do I Use?!
Well that is the whole point of this post is that it depends. Some local programming is on the 61.5 and some is on the 129. The 110/119 and 72/77 pretty much duplicate the same programming so it comes down to locals. That being said….if you travel you will not have access to your home locals. In order to get any local programming you need to call DISH and update your location while you are there to get those locals. Based on that you need to ask them which locations those locals are on! The upside here is you get three options. Unless you are in the extreme northeast based on the 110/119 coverage map you are probably "okay" with the Western Arc settings or even the hybrid option which gives you some Northeast Coverage. The real challenge is knowing what channels in your programming options are on what locations. I found this page that you want to bookmark so if ever there is a question you can figure it out.
All this still applies to your Tri-Pod setup as well the only difference is you have only two options and combinations to choose from. I travel with both setups just in case. I have been in areas where tree cover prohibits the use of the dome. Either way, if you find you are not getting DISH Network channels on your Winegard dome I hope this helps!
Great info!!!! Thanks so much for putting this together!!


text:
Sable & Locatelli take readers Where Starships Go to Die this Summer
March 15, 2022 • AfterShock Sales
THE NEW SERIES FROM AFTERSHOCK COMICS DEBUTS IN JUNE.
"Want to get away from it all? You can't do better than a point in the Pacific Ocean popularly known as 'Point Nemo,'" reads the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration's official website for the colloquially-named location that is the farthest place on Earth you can be from land. But what secrets lie at that spot? Writer Mark Sable artist Antonio Locatelli, colorist Juancho!, and letterer Rob Steen are about to surface that mystery in a new series, Where Starships Go to Die, which imagines the remote spot as a dumping ground for out-of-commission space cruisers. The first issue of the series will feature a main cover by Jeremy Haun & Matt Milla, as well as an incentive variant cover by Maan House.
Here's how AfterShock Comics describes Where Starships Go to Die:
Point Nemo – the farthest oceanic point on earth from any landmass. A spacecraft graveyard where rockets and satellites can be safely ditched on the ocean floor. In a near future ravaged by climate change, an African astronaut teams with an Indian shipping magnate to mount a dangerous salvage mission to recover the wreck of humanity's first interstellar starship. But what they find is beyond their worst nightmares.
Where Starships Go to Die is the latest AfterShock work for writer Mark Sable, whose previous credits for the publisher include Miskatonic and Godkillers: War on Terror. It's Sable's first collaboration with artist Alberto Locatelli, and Locatelli's first work for AfterShock.
In a statement announcing the new series, Sable described the fictional and real-world inspirations for Where Starships Go to Die:
"Movies like James Cameron's The Abyss, John Carpenter's The Thing, Ridley Scott's Alien and Christopher Nolan's Interstellar were all influential in establishing the tone we're going for. But I was also inspired by the real-life Point Nemo, and the idea of "berserker probes" – theoretical, self-replicating spacecraft created by alien civilizations to find and wipe out any life they consider a threat. They've been offered as a very scary answer to the Fermi Paradox, the question of why we haven't encountered intelligent life – because berserker probes have killed them all…and we're next."
Check out Maan House's variant cover, as well as an unlettered five-page preview of the first issue of the series, below. Where Starships Go to Die #1 is set to arrive in stores and digitally on Wednesday, June 8th.
SBS Options The Normals Comic Book
AfterShock Comics reveals Free Comic Book Day 2023 comic
Cuartero-Briggs and Glass reunite for BRAM STOKER, MONSTER HUNTER at AfterShock
Orlando and MacDonald Pit Father Against Son in "Bulls of Beacon Hill"
Brian Cunningham and Chris Ryall join AfterShock Comics
JOIN US THIS SATURDAY FOR FANCONXR!


The Psychology of felony behavior, 5th Edition, discusses the psychology of felony habit, drawing upon normal character, in addition to cognitive-behavioral and cognitive social studying views. The e-book comprises 15 chapters, that are geared up into 4 sections. half 1 presents an outline of theoretical context and significant wisdom base of the psychology of legal behavior. half 2 discusses the 8 significant risk/need components of legal behavior. half three examines the prediction and type of legal habit, in addition to prevention and rehabilitation. half four summarizes the foremost concerns in realizing legal behavior.
In addition to senior undergraduate scholars, graduate scholars, and pros in psychology, this ebook can be precious to scholars and practitioners within the fields of social paintings, sociology, schooling, wellbeing and fitness, adolescence and relations reviews, criminology, and formative years and grownup justice. The ebook is additionally obtainable to individuals of most people who're attracted to realizing delinquent habit.
Resource notes all through clarify very important techniques. Technical notes behind the booklet let the complicated pupil to discover advanced learn with out distracting readers from the details. An acronym index is usually provided.
This quantity can be a guide that treats trial consulting as utilized psychology. the aim of the quantity should be to gather the viewpoints of leaders within the box of psychology and legislations who observe the discipline's theoretical versions, equipment, and ethics to aid litigators to aim circumstances within the ideal manner attainable.
Formative years crime and adolescence violence blights our groups and shapes the lives of many, whether or not they are sufferers, perpetrators or kin. This booklet examines the applying of mental considering and perform while operating with youth who demonstrate excessive hazard behaviours throughout a extensive variety of forensic psychological wellbeing and fitness settings within the united kingdom.
FROM NARCISSISM TO AGGRESSION, AN unique examine THE character features AND BEHAVIORS THAT represent EVILIn this groundbreaking ebook, popular psychiatrist Michael H. Stone explores the idea that and fact of evil from a brand new point of view. In an in-depth dialogue of the character features and behaviors that represent evil throughout a large spectrum, Dr.


text:
Per Magnus Lindh, boktryckare, död 1843, son till Nils Magnus Lindh, boktryckare i Örebro.
Han övertog boktryckeriet efter faderns död (1835) och inköpte V. Palmblads förlag. Han övertog därmed utgivningen av "Biografiskt Lexikon" från 6:e bandet.
Efter Per Magnus' död 1835 kom firman i ett kritiskt skede som dock räddades av den driftige Abraham Bohlin som blev disponent 1845.

Källor

Svenska boktryckare
Födelseår saknas
Avlidna 1843
Näringslivspersoner från Örebro
Män
Personer inom Sveriges näringsliv under 1800-talet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Warkworth () is a town on the Northland Peninsula in the upper North Island of New Zealand. It is in the northern part of the Auckland Region. It is located on State Highway 1,  north of Auckland and  south of Whangārei, and is at the head of Mahurangi Harbour.

The Warkworth district is known as the Kowhai Coast, named after the native kōwhai tree, and the town's annual Kowhai Festival is one of the largest community festivals in the country, running for around a week in spring.

New Zealand's main satellite communications ground station is located  south of Warkworth.

From 2018 Warkworth is served by hourly buses to Hibiscus Coast Station and less frequent buses to Snells Beach, Algies Bay, Matakana, Omaha and Point Wells. InterCity buses run through Warkworth from Auckland to Kerikeri and Mahu City Express twice a day to Auckland.

Warkworth Museum, a local museum showcasing local history, opened in 1979.

Geography
Warkworth is located on the Mahurangi River at the point where it runs over a low waterfall and becomes a tidal estuary, which flows on into the Mahurangi Harbour. This is also the highest navigable point on the river, and the town's central business district is adjacent to the town wharf.

On the eastern side of the river is the Mahurangi East peninsula, with the seaside towns of Snells Beach and Algies Bay. It is here that the scenic Kawau Island is found, notable for its historic Mansion House, once the private retreat of Governor Grey.

East of Warkworth and north of Mahurangi East lies the Tawharanui Peninsula, home of the Tawharanui Regional Park and Tawharanui Marine Park. To the north is the town of Wellsford, with the thickly forested Dome Valley lying in between. On the west coast lies the Kaipara Harbour, while to the south is the small historic township of Puhoi and further south the larger town of Orewa.

History

The location of Warkworth was known by Māori as Puhinui, and the waterfall is known as Puhinui Falls.

Warkworth, previously known as Browns Mill, was founded in 1853 by John Anderson Brown (born Newcastle upon Tyne), who first settled in the area in 1843. He named it after the village of Warkworth, Northumberland, where one of his relatives had taught for many years. In 1853 the government finished surveying the district and began to offer the land for sale. John Anderson Brown purchased  of land and his daughter Amelia purchased a further . He then surveyed the land into allotments where the well known streets such as Lilburn, Alnwick, Neville, and Bertram were named. Six months later in May 1854 the allotments were offered for sale in The New Zealander, an Auckland newspaper. Bridge House Lodge, established on the site of John Anderson Brown's home next door to the Warkworth Bridge, is the oldest surviving building in Warkworth. Early industry included logging of kauri and other timbers, flour milling and boat-building.

The first portland cement manufacturing works in the southern hemisphere, Wilson's Cement Company, was established near the town in 1884. The company began when Nathaniel Wilson, who manufactured roche lime using local limestone, became interested in cement in 1883 and formed a company with his brothers John and James. By 1910, the cement company had become one of the major employer in Warkworth. In 1918, the company amalgamated with the New Zealand Portland Cement Company, who were based in Motu Matakohe – Limestone Island in Whangārei, and the operation was gradually moved to Whangārei, eventually closing entirely in 1929. The ruins still remain and the mine is now a popular local fresh water swimming hole.

In 1883 the Masonic Hall was built and up until 1911 served as a public hall until a dedicated building was constructed on the corner of Alnwick and Neville streets. Across the road on the opposite corner the new post office was built the same year and was furnished with a telephone exchange within 12 months of being open.

In 1922 Stubbs Butchery first opened and took over the site on Wharf Street that once housed Bowen's Store, the first commercial premises to be built in the 1860s.

During World War II, Warkworth was host to thousands of United States servicemen. There were 25 military camps which sprung up around the town's farmlands. They carried out exercises prior to being sent to the Pacific Campaigns, and were well-received by the community. The historic cement works, which had been closed since 1928, was used as demolition practice by the servicemen.

Local government

The first local government for the township was the Upper Mahurangi Highway District, which was formed on 24 December 1864. It was one of the first highway districts to form north of the city of Auckland, and was formed to administer the road upkeep costs in the area. With the abolition of the provinces of New Zealand in 1876, Warkworth became part of Rodney County, which was formed at that time. The highway district was dissolved in 1903, and by 1909 Warkworth had grown to the point where the Warkworth Town District was established, within Rodney County. From 1989 to 2010, Warkworth was part of Rodney District.

In November 2010, all city and district councils in the Auckland Region were merged into a single unitary authority, Auckland Council, with Warkworth in the Rodney Local Board area. Electors in Warkworth vote for the seven-member Rodney Local Board, and also a Rodney ward councillor, who represents the area on the Auckland Council.

Demographics
Warkworth covers  and had an estimated population of  as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Warkworth had a population of 5,586 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 1,317 people (30.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 2,124 people (61.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,085 households, comprising 2,709 males and 2,877 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.94 males per female, with 1,002 people (17.9%) aged under 15 years, 888 (15.9%) aged 15 to 29, 2,151 (38.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,545 (27.7%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 86.5% European/Pākehā, 9.3% Māori, 6.7% Pacific peoples, 5.6% Asian, and 1.8% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 27.4, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 48.5% had no religion, 40.0% were Christian, 0.7% had Māori religious beliefs, 1.1% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 0.5% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 816 (17.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 843 (18.4%) people had no formal qualifications. 732 people (16.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,980 (43.2%) people were employed full-time, 702 (15.3%) were part-time, and 81 (1.8%) were unemployed.

Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as oceanic (Cfb), but it is rainier in winter.

Education

Mahurangi College

Mahurangi College is a co-educational secondary school, teaching students between years 7–13 (form 1–7, grade 6–12), with a roll of  students as of  It was first built on the current site in 1957, and was then called Warkworth District High School. It was renamed Mahurangi College in 1962, and had a roll of 210 students at the time. Yacht designer Bruce Farr was among the first pupils. Mahurangi College first reached the 1,000 pupil milestone in 1998 and the school had an entire staff and pupil photograph taken. All Black Zinzan Brooke attended from form 1 in 1976 to the end of form 5 in 1980 and his brother and fellow All Black Robin Brooke attended from form 1 in 1978 until form 7 in 1984. Cricket twins Hamish Marshall and James Marshall, who represented New Zealand with the Black Caps Cricket Team, attended from form 1 in 1991 until form 6 in 1996 when they were offered a cricket scholarship to Kings College. Ruahei Demant, Black Fern and women's rugby World Player of the year in 2022, is an ex-pupil. A new auditorium was completed at the end of January 2011. In early January 2012, construction began on rebuilding B-block and a new administration centre. The renovations and constructions were completed mid-2013, and Associate Education Minister Nikki Kaye announced on 2 April 2015, that work would begin on a $6.3 million property upgrade at the College.

Warkworth School

Warkworth School is a co-educational primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of  students as of

Sports
Mahurangi RFC is the local rugby club, formed in 1989 as an amalgamation of three strong local rugby clubs: Warkworth, Kaipara Flats and Omaha. There was no formal College Rugby competition and the three Clubs competed against each other for players from the Mahurangi College to play in the Under 15, 16 and 17 age group competitions. The three clubs felt that this arrangement was unsatisfactory for youth development and this provided the impetus for a steering committee from all three clubs to investigate the possibility of amalgamation and to compete in the North Harbour Provincial Union.

Sister towns

Warkworth has several sister towns including:
Warkworth, Northumberland (Town founder John Anderson Brown named Warkworth after his former home in England)
Furudono, Fukushima (Furudono is a sister school of Mahurangi College and Warkworth Primary School located in Honshū, Japan)
Warkworth, Ontario (This town in Canada was sistered in 2003)

References

External links

Statistics New Zealand's profile of Warkworth (2001 Census)

Rodney Local Board Area
Populated places in the Auckland Region
Matakana Coast


It's always sad when things don't work out the way they were planned. About two years ago, News Corp. launched one of the first iPad-only newspapers - The Daily. It was an ambitious project that, unfortunately, failed to attract enough audience. Because of that silly, little problem, The Daily will be discontinued on December 15.
It was probably catered for the wrong target audience. Most Fox News (NewsCorp) viewers probably don't even own an iPad.
What happens to my subscription now? This saddens me.


text:
Listening Guide: In Seven Days
Philip Cashian (composer and Head of Composition at the Royal Academy of Music) has kindly created an audio guide for In Seven Days. He discusses the work and what to look out for when listening to the recording.
In Seven Days was originally conceived as a work for solo piano and orchestra with video projections and is based on the story of the creation as described in the Book of Genesis. The movements are:
1 Chaos – Light – Dark
2 Separation of the waters into sea and sky
3 Land – Grass – Trees
4 Stars – Sun – Moon
5 Fugue – Creatures of the Sea and Sky
6 Fugue – Creatures of the Land
7 Contemplation
Tom Adès was born in 1971 and early works such as Living Toys (1993), Powder Her Face (1995) and Asyla (1997) quickly gained him an international reputation as well as that of a pianist and conductor. Whilst still in his twenties he won the highly prestigious Grawemeyer Award.
Adès was 37 when he wrote In Seven Days for the pianist Nic Hodges: a joint commission between the London Sinfonietta and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. In an interview with Tom Service he says:
The story is set as a set of variations, reflecting the two-part structure of the story: Days 1, 2, and 3 are complemented by Days 4, 5 and 6. In Day 7 the theme is presented in its simplest form. Thomas Adès
Although the piece is heard in one single span the seven movements are clearly discernable and there's a real clarity to the musical narrative that's made all the more audible by his brilliant orchestration, making every corner perceptible. The music unfolds with such strong contours, slowly turning, transforming and accumulating, that there's the real sense of a musical landscape being revealed and described in front of us.
AUDIO-ILLUSTRATED GUIDE
First movement:
00:00 – 04:28: The 1st movement is the most substantial and begins with lively contrapuntal string writing, slowly spreading around the orchestra woodwind at 01:10 and low bassoons at 01:24, more legato, faster moving flutes at 02:01 and a sustained brass figure at 02:58. The gradual accumulation ends with the entry of the solo piano at 03:33 and (to my ears) a jazz infused riff with pizzicato strings and subtle small percussion at 03:39.
05:00 – 05:47: There's a lot of passages in this piece that are clearly descending like the piano at 05:00 arriving with low, dark strings at 05:47. Then listen out for the horn's bold figure at 06:49 to 07:40.
Second movement:
00:00 - 01:27: bell like chords and metal percussion with the piano slowing climbing down from the top of it's register, set against low pedals and giving a tremendous feeling of space.
Third movement:
03:30 - 05:26: the music slowly accumulates and leaves the piano in the foreground.
Fourth movement:
01:05 - 02:12: I particularly like the busy, rhythmic flute writing that quickly spreads, pushed along by the brass, into the rest of the woodwind section.
Sixth movmeent:
00:00 - 00:47: The 6th movement begins with fugal piano writing, very quickly spreading around the orchestra giving an immediate sense of movement and activity. Also listen out for the hand bells at 01:04 – 01:16 briefly accompanying the piano. From this point on (01:20- 02:29) the solo piano is richly polyphonic calming around 02:09 and leading into the contemplative final movement.
OTHER RECOMMENDED LISTENING
Watch the composer and filmmaker/video artist Tal Rosner discussing In Seven Days
Listening Guide: Louis Andriessen's Workers Union
Listening Guide: Xenakis' Thalleïn
London Sinfonietta Listening Guides: View All


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A gutter that is blocked with debris will not function correctly. The accumulation of dry leaves and debris will prevent water from flowing down the gutter into the down pipes. Meaning, excess rainwater will overspill out of the sides of the gutter onto the exterior walls of your property. This over time will require expensive repairs and painting to restore the appearance of your property. Additionally, a blocked gutter can lead to a rusted gutter that will require replacement. The water trapped in the gutter can freeze in winter and weigh down the gutter. Freezing will cause damage to the gutter and the roof. In extreme cases, we have seen gutters become so heavy with ice they have broken away from their fixings. These issues can be avoided by ensuring that the gutters are cleaned regularly.


text:
Rada Mihalcea named Fellow of AAAI
Mihalcea is known for her outstanding research in natural language processing and commitment to engaging more women in the field of computing.| Short Read
IMAGE: Prof. Rada Mihalcea
Rada Mihalcea, Janice M. Jenkins Collegiate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering and director of the department's Artificial Intelligence Lab, has been elected a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI).
Mihalcea performs research at the intersection of computer science and linguistics, studying natural language and human interaction. Her projects apply text mining to huge collections of written interactions – online comments, tweets, and other conversations – to identify properties such as deception and humor in text. She specializes in identifying the underlying emotions, beliefs, and values expressed in written text, and using that to draw inferences about the meaning of the text and certain characteristics of the writer.
Her Language and Information Technologies (LIT) research group uses these techniques to produce a number of important insights into how humans interact with one another, with computers, and even with news and information on the web. The applications of these studies have been broad, producing systems that can automatically detect fake news and methodologies to assist counselors working on substance abuse, medication adherence, and other behavior changes.
Mihalcea is also known for her commitment to increasing participation in the field of computing. She has piloted a number of programs and courses to increase the pipeline and retention of women in engineering and computer science throughout her time with the department. Her efforts have made the world of computing more accessible and encouraged a broader range of students to pursue graduate studies and research careers in the field.
Mihalcea spearheaded a number of programs in CSE working toward this goal, including the Girls Encoded outreach program, the "Women in Computing" seminar series, an entry-level course designed for students with no background in CS, and a research mentorship program that provides hands-on research experience to undergraduates. Through these and other initiatives, Mihalcea has consistently demonstrated her commitment to making CS accessible and appealing to as many women as possible. To recognize her work in this area, Mihalcea has been recognized with both the U-M Center for the Education of Women (CEW+)'s 2018 Carol Hollenshead Award and the 2019 U-M Sarah Goddard Power Award.
Mihalcea has co-authored three books on graph-based natural language processing and text mining for social sciences, including a recent textbook titled Text Mining: A Guidebook for the Social Sciences. She is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the recipient of an NSF CAREER Award, a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, and an NSF INSPIRE (Integrated NSF Support Promoting Interdisciplinary Research and Education) Award. She served as general chair or program co-chair for the major conferences in her field. She currently serves as President of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
About the AAAI and the AAAI Fellows Program
Founded in 1979, the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (formerly the American Association for Artificial Intelligence) is a nonprofit scientific society devoted to advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines.
The AAAI Fellows program was started in 1990 to recognize individuals who have made significant, sustained contributions – usually over at least a ten-year period – to the field of artificial intelligence. In February of each year, the AAAI membership nominates individuals whom they consider to have achieved unusual distinction in the field. These nominations are then considered by the Fellows Selection Committee, comprising nine AAAI Fellows who are current members of AAAI and chaired by the immediate Past President of AAAI. The committee generally selects five-ten new Fellows each year.
As of 2021, seven U-M CSE faculty have been elected as AAAI Fellows.
List of AAAI Fellows by year of election.
Explore:AwardsEECS: Computer Science and EngineeringElectrical Engineering and Computer Science
Steve Crang
CSE Marketing and Communications Manager
scrang@umich.edu
3832 Beyster Bldg


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Perhaps the relevance of this remake is that it comes to cinemas during the Year of Mercy, positing a violent, compassion-free alternative to Pope Francis' insistence on mercy as the divine language.
Francis of Assisi: a channel of mercy
Brian Purfield offers the saint by whom Pope Francis has been so inspired as a model of mercy. What does St Francis of Assisi's account of his own life tell us about his spirituality?
St Francis Borgia
Francis Borgia came from a noble Spanish family and joined the fledgling Society of Jesus after being courtier to Charles V and eventually Duke of Gandía. His Jesuit life was not without controversy.
In the end, this film feels like a rather rushed history lesson about an interesting, little-known incident in a well-known and frequently dramatised period of American history.
Ignacio de Loyola
On one level, the film tells the story of the early life of a real life knight-errant. On another it tries to dramatise the process of discernment, and it largely succeeds in this.
Bellarmine in perspective
An oft-quoted quip suggests a letter by Bellarmine on 12 Apr 1615 showed him to be a better scientist than Galileo, while in another letter Galileo proved himself a better theologian than Bellarmine.


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50th anniversary of MSRE shutdown
December 24, 2019 December 25, 2019 Kirk SorensenUncategorized
Fifty years ago, the era of operating molten-salt reactors came to a prolonged conclusion with the shut down of the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment. In a personal interview in 2012, Paul Haubenreich had told me the story of the Christmas shutdown of the MSRE. He had described how Milton Shaw, the head of the Atomic Energy Commission's Division of Reactor Development and Technology (AEC-RDT), wanted the MSRE shut down so more funds could be devoted to his pet project, the Liquid-Metal Fast Breeder Reactor. Others have described to me how it was even more than that: that Shaw wanted molten-salt thoughts driven from Weinberg's mind, believing that he would then devote his considerable talent to the LMFBR. Shaw was sadly mistaken, but Haubenreich, the director of MSRE operations, was in no position to try to realign Shaw's thoughts.
In the MSRP semi-annual report that covered these events (ORNL-4548) the sterile conclusion of the adventurous MSRE project is duly reported:
"The system conditions for the interim period between operation and examination were planned, reviewed, and approved before Christmas, and on that day, for the first time in over five years, the reactor was left unattended."
Haubenreich shared his profound regret with me at the way the MSRE ended. He described advice from other with operating reactors, who said, "when you have an operating reactor, you have a program, but after you shut your reactor down, it's just a matter of time until you're cancelled." Paul reluctantly agreed with them, for that is the way that the MSRE, and later the MSRP, ended.
Floyd Culler, who was ORNL's assistant lab director, wrote to Shaw on December 3, 1969, and said:
"As you know, we are shutting down the MSRE with great reluctance. Information obtained from the reactor in recent months has indicated that additional experiments on the chemistry of the fuel salt and on the behavior of fission products would be valuable. In addition, because plutonium appears to be an attractive fuel for molten salt converter reactors and for starting up breeders, we believe a complete fueling of the MSRE with plutonium is desirable. Consequently, we have postponed the shutdown as long as we can, but discouraging news about the budget forces us to move rapidly to limit over-expenditures in the molten salt program."
Culler then informed Shaw of the layoffs in staff that would follow the MSRE shutdown. We have no record of a response from Shaw.
50th anniversary of U-233 start of MSRE
One thought on "50th anniversary of MSRE shutdown"
John Laurie says:
In my opinion, the events that Kirk presents here will be considered by future generations as a crime against humanity and the environment.


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Voice of the Martyrs Responds to Exec. Director's Death, Allegations of Molestation
The Voice of the Martyrs, a ministry providing aid to persecuted Christians around the world, is responding to the sudden death of its executive director, Tom White, last week and the subsequent news of allegations that White had inappropriate contact with a young girl and chose to take his own life rather than face those allegations, the Bartlesville Examiner-Enterprise reports. White, who worked with VOM for more than 30 years and served as executive director for more than 20, was found dead the morning of April 17 after being reported missing the night before. Court records show that White, 64, had very recently been accused of molesting a young girl and that police had launched an investigation. In a statement on Friday, VOM said: "None of those in leadership at VOM, including our Board of Directors, were aware of these allegations at the time of Tom's death. There is no doubt that Tom cared about his wife, his children and his grandchildren. And there's no doubt that he cared about VOM. We are deeply saddened by these events. Our hearts are broken. However, the work that God has called VOM to do is bigger than any one of us. There are persecuted Christians who need our help. The legal process will go forward, and we will continue serving with our persecuted brothers and sisters." A letter from VOM's president is expected to appear on its website this week.


Alright, Calm down, I know that there is some fresh meat coming here to NG trying to take away the originality of my name. But stay calm, this is under control. He may take my name, but he will never take our honor. We must stay strong.


Back by popular demand, we extend our season to bring back local favorites California Zephyr to wrap up Season 26.
This is a rare Modesto appearance by the band that features native sons Alan Arnopole and Steve Ewert. The show, entitled "Roots and Branches," highlights music from all phases of the group's storied 43-year career. It coincides with the reissue of their inaugural albums California Zephyr and In The Saddle (now on CD for the first time!).
SPECIAL ADDED ATTRACTION: There will be no intermission, so please stay after the concert and join the band for a "down-home dinner" (chili, cornbread, salad, and the like). Catch up with the band and other long-lost friends who will undoubtedly turn up for this special event. Only $15 per person; proceeds help keep events like this coming! PLEASE ORDER TICKETS EARLY so we can plan amounts accurately.
Order Down-Home Dinner Tickets Today!
Call the CBS Office (209.571.6060) for info or tickets. Artist's site.
Traveling the world with her harp on her back and her heart on her sleeve, Gillian's compositions challenge the conventions of her instrument. Her music will appeal to fans of Feist and Norah Jones. Her latest release, The Woodlands Sessions, showcases Gillian's voice, which beckons listeners into intimate and sometimes poignant story-songs.
Call the CBS Office (209.571.6060) for info or tickets.
Our Valentine tradition goes Cabaret when Christine Capsuto commands the stage with her effortless dramatic vocal prowess, quirky humor, and graceful poise. Christine has graced the CBS stage in the past, and has performed with several TOP productions and events over the last few years.
Both our special Valentine Tea event and the performance are included with a season subscription; otherwise, there is a special $35 single ticket price for this event.
Preview the musical program and menu (catered by David Bradford and the Riverbank HS Culinary Class).
Leah Shoshanah, a Chicago-based singer, songwriter, and cantor, plays original world-folk, Jewish, and children's music. For this concert she will be sharing originals and covers traversing genres and languages from Brazilian sambas to Ladino and Israeli folk tunes, opera arias to Broadway show hits.
Our 26th season kicks off with Barrio Manouche, a San Francisco-based international septet.
Barrio Manouche plays music that will take you on a magical journey of "Flamenco Gypsy Jazz." Recognized for their innovative style, complex technique, and their passion for their musical improvisation, their repertoire is instantly recognizable as deeply influenced by a range of musical traditions.
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Fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the Columbia River are known for their size—they are arguably the largest fish of the three major runs—and their ferocity on the hook. The fishery for fall-run Chinooks on the Columbia River is defined by Buoy 10, which often serves as the fishery's namesake.
Because the Buoy 10 fishery is at the mouth of the Columbia River, near Astoria, Oregon, fall-run Chinook salmon are caught as they are leaving the ocean for their long swim upriver to their spawning grounds. They are known as "up-river brights" because they are still bright silver, not yet having developed the rosy "salmon pink" breeding colors they acquire farther upriver. This also means they are particularly full of fight, since they have not been worn down by the long journey up the Columbia River.
Like their spring- and particularly summer-run brothers, fall-run Chinook salmon once ranged over a wider area and reached far greater weights than they do at present: sometimes 60 pounds or more, even 100 pounds or more on occasion.
The entire Columbia River salmon fishery was hit hard with the development of modern canning in the late 19th century. The removal of millions and millions of tons of salmon selected for smaller fish even as mining and agriculture degraded salmonid spawning grounds and river habitat. The damming of the river, especially the Grand Coulee Dam, made matters worse.
The recovery of the Columbia River fishery is a great triumph for conservationists and anglers alike. Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of Chinook salmon swarm the mouth of the Columbia River near Astoria, making for one of the greatest fishing charter experiences in the greater Portland area. In today's fishing guide, we'll look at these remarkable fish and see how you can increase your chances of a successful fishing charter on the Columbia River.
As we've covered in a previous blog post, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are quite closely related to other species of Pacific salmon and to many species of trout, with more distant connections to Atlantic salmon, brown trout, and other salmonids.
Chinook salmon begin life as eggs laid in freshwater rivers or even smaller streams, and the young fish live in fresh water between three months to a year. Thereafter they migrate to the ocean, where they mature and eventually swim upriver to repeat the cycle.
Compared with the spring and summer runs on the Columbia, the fall-run Chinook salmon spawn closer to the ocean. They enter the water later than their conspecifics precisely because they do not have as far to travel. Where the summer and spring runs may travel hundreds of miles to their breeding grounds, fall-run Chinook salmon prefer small coastal streams.
Juvenile Chinook salmon, including the very young fry and the slightly larger smolts, subsist on a diet of plankton, insects, amphipods, and crustaceans while they are in fresh water. However, after they migrate to the ocean, maturing Chinook salmon switch to large zooplankton and especially to baitfish, including herring, pilchard, sandlance, and others. They also eat squid and crustaceans.
As they migrate upriver to breed and die, Chinook salmon progressively lose interest in food. However, since we're talking about fishing charters for "upriver brights," fall-run Chinook in the Buoy 10 fishery at the mouth of the Columbia River, this fact is less significant. These fish are still interested in feeding, and that can work in your favor appreciably.
The standard wisdom when planning a fishing charter for Chinook salmon on the Columbia River, or indeed any river, is to be out on the water with hooks baited and ready to go at first light. Chinook salmon are generally more active in the very early morning, and again at dusk, although tidal changes can also induce significant feeding activity during the day.
The reason tides induce feeding activity is that they have the effect of encouraging baitfish to clump together in dense schools, where they are much easier for salmon to pick off.
For fall-run "upriver bright" Chinook salmon in the Columbia River's Buoy 10 fishery, the tidal activity at the mouth of the river, coupled with the fact that they are at the very beginning of their journey, means more feeding activity throughout the day. In other words, while it is a good idea to be out on the water at first light, it is not as important as it is with the other runs, particularly farther upriver.
Fall-run Chinook will take bait, such as herring or anchovy, and they are also known to take lures. They have been known to take spinners as well as jig lures that mimic their prey.
While jigs in particular have been known to yield success with Chinook, there are indications that fall-run Chinook are especially responsive to bait, especially herring and anchovy. Because they are feeding preparatory to going upriver, Buoy 10 fall-run Chinook salmon still have access to naturally-occurring schools of the marine baitfish that are their usual prey in the ocean, which may explain the noted success of baits.
As usual with Chinook, it's important to have strong line, about 20-lb test, and leaders at about 30-40-lb test. Adult Chinook are very powerful fish, and fall-run Chinooks, usually in peak physical condition, are noted for vicious strikes and putting up a terrific fight.
If you're looking to experience the Buoy 10 Columbia River fishery, one of the best ways to do it is to hire a fishing guide for a charter. A good salmon fishing guide will have a fish finder and be proficient in its use, saving a great deal of time finding the fish. Other important benefits include the use of a boat and tackle.
The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife has set the fall season from August 1-December 31. However, for adult Chinook 24 inches and longer, retention is only allowed from August 1-August 24. The daily bag limit is one adult salmonid, including not only the fall-run Chinook but also the related Coho salmon and the steelhead.
With such a limited season and with the strict bag limit, it's important to make the most of your time on the water. The mouth of the Columbia River is large, and as with other large bodies of water may look fairly mysterious. Fall-run Chinook move through the water at different times of day, responding to natural features and to the tides. Chartering a salmon fishing guide in the Portland area is a good strategy for increasing your odds of hooking a large and powerful fish.
Whether you're a seasoned hand or a first-timer, we'd love to be a part of your Buoy 10 Columbia River fall-run Chinook salmon experience.
To find out more about how we can help you hook the fall-run Chinook "upriver bright" of your dreams, please drop us a line.


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Q: Агрегирование статистики с очень большой таблицы Есть очень большая таблица в которой хранятся изменения баланса на счету пользователя пользователя, на данный момент это 250 миллионов строк, мне нужно получить статистику - сумму трат пользователей по полю comment которое представляет из себя enum
например я пробую такой запрс
SELECT sum(up.summ) AS summ, up.comment
FROM user_payments up
WHERE up.date >= '2020-01-01'
  AND up.date <= '2020-02-05'
GROUP BY up.comment

но в результате запрос выполняется несколько минут.
так же есть вариант где мне нужно отфильтровать статистику только по пользователям которые имеют платежи. Я для этого использую подзапрос
and user_id in (SELECT distinct sub_up.user_id
                FROM user_payments sub_up
                WHERE sub_up.comment = 'paid_subscription')

Что приводит к еще большим затратам времени.
Я пробовал так же использовать if в запросе для того что бы избавиться от GROUP BY, но это не очень помогло
SELECT sum(IF(up.comment = 'domain_search', up.summ, 0)) AS domain_search

Существуют ли способы оптимbзировать запрос?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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India & World incl. International Institutions
www.pib.nic.in
Cabinet approves establishment of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Regional Center (ISARC) at campus of National Seed Research and Training Center (NSRTC) in Varanasi
The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has approved the establishment of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), South Asia Regional Center (ISARC) at campus of National Seed Research and Training Center (NSRTC) in Varanasi.
Under the proposal, a Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition (CERVA) will be set up in Varanasi. This will include a modern and sophisticated laboratory with capacity to determine quality and status of heavy metals in grain and straw. The Centre will also undertake capacity building exercises for stakeholders across the rice value chain.
This Center will be the first international Center in the eastern India and it will play a major role in harnessing and sustaining rice production in the region. It is expected to be a boon for food production and skill development in the eastern India and similar ecologies in other South Asian and African countries.
Benefits from ISARC
The Centre will help in utilizing the rich biodiversity of India to develop special rice varieties. This will help India to achieve higher per hectare yields and improved nutritional contents. India's food and nutritional security issues will also be addressed. The Centre will support in adopting value chain based production system in the country. This will reduce wastage, add value and generate higher income for the farmers. The farmers in Eastern India will benefit in particular, besides those in South Asian and African countries.
Management of ISARC
ISARC will operate under the governance of the IRRI Board of Trustees who will appoint an appropriate IRRI staff member as Director. A Coordination Committee will be headed by Director General, IRRI as Chair and Secretary, Government of India, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare (DACFW) as Co-Chair. The other members of Coordination Committee are Deputy Director General (Crop Sciences), ICAR; Director, NSRTC; IRRI representative in India, representative of Government of UP and representatives of Governments of Nepal & Bangladesh and Private Sector.
For setting up of the Centre, A Memorandum of Agreement, will be signed between DAC&FW and IRRI, Philippines. The Department of DAC&FW will provide physical space for laboratories, offices, training classes, etc. with associated infrastructure and land at NSRTC, Varanasi. The Centre will be commissioned within six months.
AKT/VBA