The Planning Commission's latest estimates of the incidence of poverty in India – measured by the head count ratio – have been met with incredulity in most quarters where reason still holds sway and evidence still matters. Using a poverty line of Rs. 816 per capita per month for rural areas and Rs. 1000 for urban areas, the Planning Commission has estimated the that 25.7 and 13.7 percent of the population are poor in rural and urban India, respectively, in 2011-12. The corresponding proportion of the poor was 41.8 percent in rural India and 25.7 percent in urban India in 2004-05. Therefore the new estimates show stunning 16.1 and 12 percentage points decline in poverty in rural and urban India over the past 7 years. No wonder, pro-reforms economists and commentators are ecstatic, falling over each other in highlighting the wonders of economic growth.
The outrageously low poverty lines, which deliver these flattering poverty levels, have been rightly called "kutta-billi" (dog-cat) poverty lines by N. C. Saxena, member of the National Advisory Council. Any familiarity with life in contemporary Indiais enough to drive home the point that such low levels of expenditure can only support a sub-human condition of existence. While hidebound conservatives, using arguments bordering on the ridiculous, are willing to defend the measly poverty lines used by the Planning Commission, even simple back-of-the-envelope calculations are enough to show them for what they are: destitution lines.(Economic and Political Weekly, 2008).
Let us take one of the cheaper metros, Kolkata, and do some rough and ready computations to arrive at an approximate amount of expenditure that would be required for a decent, but frugal, life today. For a family of 4, the following quantities of food would be needed for a decent life over the period of a week: 10 kgs of rice, 3 kgs of dal, 1 litre of cooking oil, 5 kgs of potato, 3.5 kgs of green vegetables, 1 litre of milk, 4 eggs, ½ kgs of chicken, ½ kgs of fish, and 1 litre of kerosene (fuel). Notice that the quantities of milk, eggs, chicken, fish and kerosene (fuel) have been deliberately assumed to be far lower thanwhat a decent standard of living would demand. Notice also that I have not added any expenditure on fruits and nuts.
How much would the above food basket – with deliberately chosen low quantities for several items – cost? A simple survey of prices prevailing in the market today suggests that the above quantities of food items can be purchased for Rs. 840 a week or Rs 120 a day. Thus, food expenditure would need Rs. 3600 per month.
Let us add to this the following monthly nonfood expenditures: Rs. 400 for education, Rs. 500 for healthcare, Rs. 500 for conveyance & clothing, Rs. 1000 for rent, and Rs. 500 for miscellaneous expenses (including footwear, mobile phones, consumer services, entertainment, etc.).The total expenditure comes out at Rs. 6500.
Thus, even with unrealistically low levels of expenditures devoted to many food items (like milk, eggs, fish, meat and fruits), and to education, healthcare and rent, the minimum expenditure required in Kolkata for a family of 4 is Rs. 2500 more than what the Planning Commission uses as a "poverty line" (recall that the Planning Commission's poverty line is Rs. 1000 per capita per month in urban India).
Given that the Planning Commission adjusts poverty lines across regions to account for price variations across states and regions, the poverty line in Kolkata would have likely been lower than the all-India average. On the other hand, the poverty line of Rs. 1000 is for the year 2011-12, so that inflation since then would push up the poverty line. Hence, these two opposing forces might lead to a deficit over the poverty line which is only approximately Rs. 2500. But it seems difficult to deny that, no matter how we adjust the poverty line, there would in fact be a substantial deficit. (Note that a similar back-of-the-envelope calculation by S. Subramanian for Madras in 2004-05 came out with an equally large deficit; see Subramanian (2012) for details).
The absurdity of the Planning Commission's poverty lines is so pronounced that even the Central Government has distanced itself from them. In the context of its welfare schemes, especially the recently approved National Food Security Ordinance, the government has chosen to effectively use a poverty line that is 85 percent higher than the Planning Commission's absurdity. The more realistic poverty line used by the government would lead to a head count ratio of 65 percent for the country in 2011-12, about 3 times higher than the Planning Commission's estimate of 22 percent.
A close reading of the Press Note of the Planning Commission for poverty estimates in 2011-12 suggests that even the Delhi mandarins were uneasy about using such a low poverty line. But the Planning Commission's defense is that the value of the poverty line does not have any impact on the estimation of the trend of poverty. According to the Planning Commission, even if a more realistic poverty line (like the one sketched above) is chosen, it will not change the picture of rapid poverty decline over the last 7 years. This, as we will see shortly, is a widely accepted but erroneous proposition. But first let us carefully read what the Planning Commission has to say on this.
After highlighting the remarkable speed of poverty decline during the 7 year period from 2004-05 to 2011-12, the Planning Commission's note hastens to assure us that even though a more realistic, and hence higher, poverty line would translate into a higher level of poverty, it would not affect the trend of rapid poverty decline.
The proposition that the trend of poverty is independent of the poverty line is, in fact, incorrect (we will see the reason for this below). The choice of poverty lines impacts both the level and trend of poverty. This has been highlighted by the work of several economists, including S. Subramanian (2012) in India. Despite this well-known result in development economics, the fallacious idea has surprisingly wide currency. It has been referred to many times in the past, explicitly or implicitly, by pro-reforms commentators like Jagdish Bhagwati, Surjit Bhalla, Arvind Panagariya, Swaminathan A. Aiyar, and others. Even economists in good standing seem to have fallen for this fallacy: in a recent piece in the Indian Express("What the poverty numbers don't say"), the point has been repeated by economist Bhaskar Dutta.
To see the fallacy underlying the claim of poverty line independence ofpoverty trends, it would be useful to recall how the Planning Commission computes the poverty line. Following the recommendations of the 2009 Expert Group to Review the Methodology for Estimation of Poverty a.k.a. Tendulkar Committee, the Planning Commission now computes the poverty line by adjusting the 2004-05 urban poverty line of Rs. 578.8 per capita per month (at 2004-05 prices) with price indexes – constructed from quantity and value data collected in the household consumer expenditure surveys conducted by the NSSO– totake account of temporal and spatial variation in prices.
The 2004-05 urban poverty line of Rs. 578.8, in turn, is the price-updated version of the 1973-74 all-India urban poverty line, which is the expenditure level (Rs. 56.56 at 1973-74 prices) that ensured fulfillment of the calorie norm of 2100 Kcal per capita per day in urban India in 1973-74.
At the time when the Tendulkar Committee was formed, the Planning Commission had been using the method recommended by the 1993 Expert Group, one of the many Expert Groups and committees that have been formed over the years for studying these issues in India. The 1993 Expert Group method rested on using the 1973-74 commodity bundle as a "reference bundle" and updating the expenditure required to purchase such a bundle with relevant consumer price indexes. Thus, the Tendulkar Committee applied the 1993 Expert Group methodology to the 1973-74 urban poverty line to arrive at the figure of Rs. 578.8 per capita per month.
"The latest official estimates of poverty following broadly the Expert Group (1993) method and using the uniform reference period (URP) of 30 days indicate that below poverty line (BPL for short) population was 28.3 per cent of the rural population (described as headcount ratio or poverty ratio) and 25.7 per cent of the urban population in 2004-05. These official estimates released by the Planning Commission are based on (a) the 1973-74 rural and urban poverty line baskets originally at 1973-74 prices adjusted for price changes between 1973-74 and 2004-05 (b) a uniform reference period (URP for short) of 30-days for canvassing consumption of all items of current household consumption in NSS and (c) rural and urban size distributions of per capita total consumer expenditure (PCTE for short) data collected during the 61st (quinquennial large sample) round (July 2004 to June 2005) on household consumer expenditure of the National Sample Surveys (NSS)." (Government of India, 2009, page 5).
Having arrived at the urban poverty line, i.e., an expenditure of Rs. 578.8, in 2004-05, the Tendulkar Committee then uses the commodity bundle – including both food and nonfood items – corresponding to an expenditure level of Rs. 578.8 in urban India in 2004-05 as the "reference bundle" to compute poverty lines in rural areas and in different states.
"In the interest of continuity as well as in view of the consistency with broad external validity checks with respect to nutritional, educational and health outcomes, it was decided to recommend MRP‐equivalent of urban PLB [i.e., poverty line basket] corresponding to 25.7 per cent urban headcount ratio as the new reference PLB to be provided to rural as well as urban population in all the states after adjusting it for within‐state urban‐relative‐to‐rural and rural and urban state‐relative‐to‐all‐India price differentials." (Government of India, 2009, pages 1-2).
Thus, for all its criticisms of the 1993 Expert Group methodology for using an outdated commodity bundle, the Tendulkar Committee also ends up using a fixed commodity bundle. The only difference arises from the specific commodity bundle chosen as the reference bundle and the price indexes used for the process of "updating".
First,the 1993 Expert Group methodology would recommendusing the 1973-74 poverty line commodity bundle as the "reference bundle", the Tendulkar Committee instead uses the commodity bundle corresponding to an expenditure level of Rs. 578.8 in urban India in 2004-05 as the "reference bundle".Second, the 1993 Expert Group used relevant consumer price indexes (CPI), the Tendulkar Committee uses prices indexes constructed from consumption expenditure data collected by the NSSO during its consumer expenditure surveys.
The method of using a fixed commodity bundle, either the 1973-74 poverty line commodity bundle (PLCB)used by the 1993 Expert Group or the 2004-05 urban poverty line basket (PLB) used by the Tendulkar Committee, to compute poverty lines over time is fraught with serious conceptual problems. Changes in tastes and preferences, movements in relative prices and income, changes in public provisioning of education and health care and decline in access to nonmarket sources of food and fuel, will lead consumers to opt for very different consumption bundles at different points in time. Hence, it makes little sense to compute the poverty line as the expenditure required, in currently prevailing prices, to purchase a fixed commodity bundle, the bundle that was chosen in some previous year under very different price, taste and income configurations.
Let us step back a little and recall that the 1973-74 commodity bundle was chosen from actually observed data on consumption expenditure.
This has an important implication with regard to consistency of the method used to construct poverty lines: just as the poverty line for 1973-74 was based on a commodity bundle actually chosen by households in that year, it should be based for other years also on choices that consumers actually make in those years. This simple and intuitive idea can give us a powerful critique of the 1993 Expert Group methodology and also show us how the choice of poverty lines can impact the level and trend of the incidence of poverty.
Following excellent recent workby S. Subramanian (2012), let us choose 1983, 1993-94 and 1999-00 as three comparison years and compute three different series of head count ratios (HCR) for rural India. The first series – with the HCR at 65, 63 and 60 percent for the three comparison years respectively – uses 1983 as the "base year" and "updates" the poverty lines for 1993-94 and 1999-00 with the consumer price index for agricultural labourers (CPIAL); in Table 1, this series appears in the column "Method 1". The second series uses 1993-94 as the "base year" (coupled with relevant CPIAL updating) and gives 75, 74 and 68 percent as the HCR for the three comparison years; in Table 1, this series is given in the column "Method 2". The third method uses 1999-00 as the "base year" and results in 80, 80, and 74 percent as the HCR series; in Table 1 this series is collected under the column "Method 3".
Clearly then the choice of the poverty line, governed here by the choice of the base year, has an impact on both the level and trend of the incidence of poverty. The fact that the level of poverty declines in all three computations might be read as evidence in support of the idea that the choice of the poverty line is irrelevant to understanding trends in poverty. That is not true.
But before we see why, let us briefly look at the main problems of the Tendulkar Committee poverty line.
The Tendulkar Committee has rightly criticized the 1993 Expert Group methodology for using an outdated bundle for computing the poverty line in years after 1973-74. But its antipathy to using nutritional norms stops the Tendulkar Committee from going all the way and adopting the consistent method of computing the poverty line.
What do I mean by a consistent method in this context? The consistent method of computing poverty lines, as I have already indicated, is to use each comparison year as its own base year. For each year, NSS data provides a relationship of per capita expenditure and calorie intake. The consistent method would use this empirically observed relationship to choose the poverty line as the expenditure level that allows a household to meet the calorie norm in that particular year. Instead of mechanically using a fixed commodity bundle, this method allows consumers in every year to choose optimal commodity bundles given prices, incomes and preferences prevailing in that year, and also to meet a scientifically determined nutritional norm (like 2100 Kcal per capita per day for urban India).
The Tendulkar Committee does not adopt this consistent method, which, in fact been recommended by the 1984 Report of the Study Group on the Concepts and Estimation of Poverty Line, but instead replicates the 1993 Expert Group methodology with a different reference bundle. Thus, the Tendulkar Committee poverty line falls short of the very potential that was opened up by its own critique of the 1993 Expert Group methodology.
Can We Please Be Consistent?
Returning to the issue of the putative independence of poverty trends from poverty lines, we can show that the consistent methodology gives a very different trend in the incidence of poverty in India. Using the consistent method for computing the poverty line, the HCR comes out as 65, 74, and 74 percent for 1983, 1993-94 and 1999-00 respectively (see the series that appears under the column "Consistent Method" in Table 1). Thus, while the first three methods used above – with 1983, 1993-94 and 1999-00 as base years, respectively, and price-updated poverty lines for other years – throw up a declining trend in poverty, the consistent method – with each year treated as its own reference year – gives us an increasing trend in the incidence of poverty.
The same conclusion holds when we extend the analysis to 2011-12 (the latest year for which we have data from a large scale consumer expenditure survey conducted by the NSSO). Even as the Planning Commission's fixed commodity bundle method shows that the HCR has declined from 50 to 26 percent in rural India between 1993-94 and 2011-12, consistently computed poverty lines throw up an increasing trend in the incidence of poverty over the same period, rising from 71 percent in 1993-94 to even above 90 percent in 2011-12!
Thus, if the Planning Commission and other conservative economists were to compute poverty lines consistently for every year using the method that was used to compute the poverty line in 1973-74, and not just use some price index to inflate a fixed commodity bundle, then the declining trend in poverty would give place to an increasing one, and all the triumphalism and euphoria surrounding poverty trends in India would melt into thin air.
(I would like to thanks Debarshi Das and S. Subramanian for helpful comments and suggestions).
Economic and Political Weekly, 2008. "How Many Poor in the World?", Editorial, Economic and Political Weekly, 25-31 October.
Sen, P. 2005. "Of Calories and Things: Reflections on Nutritional Norms, Poverty Lines and Consumption Behavior in India," Economic and Political Weekly, October 22, pp. 4611-4618.
Subramanian, S. 2012. The Poverty Line. Oxford India Short Introductions. Oxford University Press: New Delhi.
 There is considerable confusion among policy makers, economists and media persons about the details of the Tendulkar Committee poverty line. Part of the reason for this, no doubt, is that the report has not been able to explain its methods very clearly, but part of the reason is that different commentators have read their own beliefs into the Report.
For instance, many commentators, including a member of the Planning Commission, believe that the Tendulkar Committee poverty line has been expressly derived to be equivalent to the international poverty line used by the World Bank, and this international equivalence makes it a correct poverty line. This is incorrect. The Tendulkar Committee itself notes that the international equivalence is only happenstance. "…the new poverty line happens to be close to, but less than, the 2005 PPP $1.25 per day poverty norm used by the World Bank in its latest world poverty estimates." The important phrase here is "happens to be" (Government of India, 2009, page 8).
Again, another strident pro-reforms commentator believes that "…the Tendulkar committee raised the original 1973-74 rural poverty line by 25.9 per cent and the urban line by 6.4 per cent." The last part of this sentence is obviously false: the Tendulkar Committee poverty line for urban India in 2004-05, as we have seen, is exactly the 1973-74 urban poverty line "updated" for price increase. In real terms the two are the same.


Bladder inflammation is characterized by many indicators. It is vital to know the bladder inflammation symptoms especially in the hospital setting because these serve as baseline data of the treatment that will be ordered for the patient. In order to learn such signs and symptoms, this article must be browsed.
Jumping to the selection of the appropriate treatment for bladder inflammation prior to detecting its manifestations is not advised. It is recommended that you know first the bladder inflammation symptoms in order to come up with the best disease management plan.
In the case of bladder inflammation, there may be painful urination that can be experienced by the affected patient. This painful urination is also called as dysuria. This happens because of the impairment in the lining of the trigone of the bladder. The cause of the impairment of this part is the continued spreading of the infection. The pain is rated as mild to severe. The sensation is affected by the degree of impairment occurred. When there is dysuria, the doctor usually orders pain killers to provide immediate relief to the one who feels the pain.
During the presence of bladder inflammation, there is alteration in the tome of the parts of the bladder which control the release of the urine. Because of this case, there is frequent urination or the so-called polyuria that may occur. Once the person has bladder inflammation, he feels the urge of urination every now and then. This is a symptom of the disease that is commonly overlooked. However once this symptom is present, proper consultation must be done to rule out if it really signifies bladder inflammation. This is because polyuria is also a symptom of other renal diseases.
If the early signs and symptoms of the disease are overlooked, it is mentioned already that the condition may progress to a more fatal case. When this happens, the affected person may experience hematuria or there is blood in the urine. The root cause of this is the damage in the nerve ending of the bladder. When these nerve endings are damaged, there is an escape of blood in that body part leading to blood tinged urine called hematuria.


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Lessons From Skeeter
It was a cold day in December three years ago when I first met Skeeter. I had just moved into my new home and he was the first neighbor I encountered. That unconditional enthusiasm that only dogs have mastered was evident in his greeting. He danced, wagged, woofed and jumped in circles in his joy at meeting someone new.
Skeeter had a tough beginning in life. My neighbor rescued him from the middle of a road where he stood frozen in fear. She called to him and he ran over to her and jumped into her arms. She said his relief was palpable.
At the Vet, they learned that Skeeter had heartworm, was not neutered and was approximately 4 years old. From clues in his condition, the Vet felt he had most likely been used at a puppy mill as a stud, then abandoned to his fate when his services were no longer wanted.
It had been six years since that day of rescue when we met and Skeeter was a happy, healthy, neutered little boy. A Pomeranian mix, he had a soft, fluffy coat and big waterfall ears, bright eyes and the sweetest disposition. I fell in love with him, as does every single person who meets him. "There's just something about Skeeter" is a frequently heard refrain. I occasionally shared Reiki with Skeeter during that time, sometimes in person and other times, from a distance.
Then, about three months ago, Skeeter, now around 12-13 years old, developed SARDS (Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome) which resulted in immediate blindness. My neighbor worked hard with Skeeter, clapping her hands and buying a clicker so he could move around with some security. He was making the transition fairly well when it became apparent that other medical issues were also causing problems for this loving boy. Skeeter became lethargic, showed little interest in anything, although he was still eating and drinking. It was at this time that I began sharing regular Reiki sessions with him.
As with everyone, both people and animals, it is important to get their permission to share Reiki. With Skeeter, I began our sessions by placing my hands near to the front of his face where he could smell me and feel the energy. When he gave my hand a few tongue licks I took this as his saying he was good with the Reiki session!
When I had shared Reiki with Skeeter before he lost his vision, he let me know that he preferred a "hands-off" approach but with the loss of his sight he "asked" for physical touch. He did this by raising his head or moving his body into my hands until they were touching him, then he would settle down with a sigh. Our Reiki sessions last about 30 minutes until he lets me know, by moving away, when it is enough.
After each session, my neighbor says he walks around her home more, expresses interest in going outside and seems able to locate his food and water bowls with more ease. His facial expression is more alert and he is more curious about scents. He loves his treats afterwards! Instead of laying "like a limp rag" he rests peacefully and comfortably.
While no one knows when Skeeter will leave us or when my neighbor will have to make the incredibly difficult decision to let him go with her help, his life and this transitional place he finds himself in, are being eased with the help of Reiki. It's a blessing to Skeeter and to those of us who love him to be able to help him along the way.
By Laura Copland
Whales Without Walls
Long before I heard of Reiki, or Animal Reiki, I had a unique experience with a magnificent animal and it wasn't until I recently took a course with Leah D'ambrosio did I realize it was a genuine Reiki experience.
A good friend of mine came to visit me in Vancouver. One of my favorite places in the city was the Vancouver Aquarium. At that time the Aquarium still had Orcas. Visiting the orcas was always a bittersweet experience for me as I found it sad to see the whales in captivity. In my opinion, the aquariums could never build an area big enough to hold such a brilliant animal, yet to see the whales up close and personal was also an experience of a lifetime.
The Vancouver aquarium had a viewing gallery where you could experience the whales in close proximity as they swam in the giant concrete tank that was their home. I suggested to my friend, who had never been to the aquarium, that we visit the whales.
It was midweek so the aquarium was not crowded and as we walked down the ramp that takes you to the viewing area for the orcas, I was mixed with excitement and sadness as I knew, as always, I would feel sentimental as I left the aquarium that day. As my girlfriend and I watched the whales swimming in the viewing area, I noticed out of the corner of my eye an indigenuous woman holding a book on the glass of the viewing tank and in front of her was an orca close to the glass and it looked as if he had his eye on her book. The woman held the opened book up against the glass for several minutes and the whale would swim a few inches above her and she would turn the page and then again hold the book up against the glass. It looked like the whale then moved back down a few inches and was in a position to eye the book.
I watched the woman for quite a while and my curiosity got the better of me, so I walked up to her and asked what she was doing. She called the whale by name, and told me that she was sharing a picture book about whales in the wild and that the whale enjoyed looking at the pictures. I remember laughing and saying to her, "I don't believe that he is looking at the pictures in the book." The woman then said to me, "watch closely and then tell me if you don't believe me."
The woman then picked a page and placed the book against the glass. This time I was standing right next to the woman and I had an up close view of the whale. As he started to come down to the book, I was astounded when I realized that his eye was indeed scanning the book and not only did he scan the page once, he scanned the page several times. The woman then looked at me and said "he will tell me when he wants the page turned." At this point, I was speechless and even if I wanted to say something, no words could be found because I could not believe what I was witnessing.
Sure enough, when the whale finished scanning the page, he then raised up above the book and the woman said, "he has finished scanning the page and wants me to turn to another page." She then took the book off the glass, turned the page, placed the book back on the glass and the whale came back down and his giant eye scanned the next page for several minutes. I watched this whale for what seemed like ages, with tears in my eyes, as he scanned the book. When the whale swam away, the woman showed me the book.
The book was full of beautiful pictures depicting whales in their natural habitat all through the west coast. My girlfriend was also watching, and said "oh my God I can't believe what we've witnessed." The woman then told me that she came to the aquarium every day and tried to bring different books. She said she came to keep the whales company, to sit with them, meditate and hopefully give these beautiful beings peace and comfort.
In the Reiki practitioner course with Leah, we discussed being present with an animal no matter what the conditions the animal was in. I realized that this woman that I had witnessed with the whale all those years ago, had been just that, she was a presence and a comfort for that whale and I now thoroughly believe that she made a difference to that whale in his captive state and brought him a little peace every day.
In 2019 Canada's parliament passed legislation that banned whales, dolphins and porpoises from being bred or held in captivity. The legislation had an exception and that was that marine animals already held in captivity would remain in captivity for the rest of their natural life. Today, MarineLand in Niagara Falls, Canada has one orca and 50 belugas in their facility.
Worldwide there are over 3000 marine animals held in captivity and 56 of them are orcas. The public is now knowledgeable of the conditions in the facilities in which these animals live. Consequently, there has been a push for whale and dolphin sanctuaries; "whales without walls." Scientists have found that it is easy to capture whales and dolphins but it is almost impossible to successfully release them back to the wild. The first sanctuary in North America will be ready in 2023, and is located in Nova Scotia, Canada. A short video about this project here: Whales without walls
By Johanne Fraser
Letting Animals Choose Lets Them Be Their Best
The massive draft horse was one of the saddest, checked-out animals I have met. He'd spent years on at least one Amish farm, was isolated and probably abused, and had given up. His new owner, the director of a nonprofit equine therapy center, wanted to find out what he needed.
The first thing I did was ask if it was OK to communicate with him. Surprised but skeptical, he agreed. The notion that he could choose anything was foreign to him.
That is the core of the Let Animals Lead® method I practice. It's all meditation and no hands unless the animal initiates contact, or the practitioner knows the animal well enough to gauge whether that would be welcome.
One day Duke decided he'd had enough Reiki and walked back into the barn. I thanked him and moved on to a pig a few feet away.
A few minutes later, Duke stuck his big head out the barn door and looked straight at me. "Got any more of that?" I heard.
I assured him I did, but he'd have to wait until the pig and I were done. When I returned, he was waiting at the fence. I met his eyes and saw hope.
His owner, veterinarians, equine bodyworkers, clients, and I all worked to help Duke heal from the effects of his past, giving him choices whenever possible. He still struggles mightily with triggers. But he has friends in the herd. He connects with veterans who also live with PTSD. He even let kids dress him up for the Fourth of July. Being a therapy horse would have been unthinkable for Duke not so long ago.
While we can't let our animals choose to play in traffic or opt out of a vet visit, there are many other options we can offer. We can give them a choice of toys, blankets, or litter boxes. We can hold out two different treats and see which gets gobbled up first. We can let cats come to us rather than chasing or picking them up. We can suggest a walk or ride and pay attention to the dog's body language for a "let's go" or a "not today."
Choice frees us all to engage honestly, be our best selves, and create our "better than before."
By Nancy Crowe
The Let Animals Lead® Method of Animal Reiki Supports Zoo Animals
While many zoos do an exemplary job constructing habitats that closely mimic their animals' natural environments, zoo animals basically live their lives in captivity to entertain and educate humans. Are these entertainment and educational benefits worth more than the animals' stress from living in captivity and their constant exposure to humans?
Major Takes Charge
Meet Major. He is one of the beautiful therapy equines in a herd of six that I have the honor to offer Reiki to each week. I have been offering Reiki to animals for two decades now and each and every time I am in awe when they are able to help themselves. When they are able to ask for help, to trust, to be still and quiet to connect with the Reiki energy and me, and to let go of whatever they need to.
The 3 Reiki Rookie Mistakes
Aren't there all those things we learn not to do in an Animal Reiki class? Been there, done all those things I was told not to do! And weirdly in some ways, these are memorable and often entertaining lessons that I will not be forgetting any time soon.
The cats have been my toughest disciplinarians when it came to practicing Animal Reiki. I could have sworn that they have a secret book – "How to teach Reiki to Humans". And if I dare stray again, they are there to remind me what Animal Reiki truly is about.
And of all the wayward stuff I have done, these three remain on the top of my list:
The Let Animals Lead® Method: The Shining Essence of Animal Reiki
The Let Animals Lead® method is a transformative way to offer Reiki to non-human animals while fully manifesting interspecies respect. Because this method refrains from using touch unless the non-human animal initiates, it assists in eliminating challenging aspects of the human ego—pressures, expectations, agendas—and recognizes the perfection of the empowered animal.
We are all animals, and non-human animals do not need human "help" in the realm of energy. They elevate our energy and we learn from them. This method always supports the animal to move freely about so their physicality is never restricted. They can communicate their preferences in any way, and these preferences are always honored. They can engage with the energy or reject it completely. We listen to the animal and ask for nothing in return—the Reiki is an offering, not a requirement. The animal is in charge. As such, the Let Animals Lead® method not only epitomizes Animal Reiki in and of itself, but also inherently advances human to non-human animal relationships.
5 Distinct Traits of Animal Reiki
Have you wondered what the distinct traits of Animal Reiki are and what exactly is the need for specialization? Is Animal Reiki different from traditional Reiki? The elementary answer is that Animal Reiki is also Reiki. The universal energy is the same – there is simply one universal energy. And at the same time, Animal Reiki is about the animals and is practiced honouring the unique sensitivities of the animal kingdom.
Our Dogs Show Us the Way When the Worst News Comes
Just before Christmas we received some bad news about Chili.
The diagnosis is bone cancer, with only one option of curative treatment which is amputation. We decided we did not want to put her through that, so palliative care and pain relief became real. But oddly I already sort of knew. I saw it in the vet when she referred us for the scan. And certain things were adding up. I knew.
Reiki Journey to Freedom
I adopted Freedom, a rescue dog, about 3 years ago. I describe her as a cat in a dog's body because she is not very social and doesn't need a lot of attention. She just sleeps, eats, drinks LOTS OF WATER, and walks to me when she wants a minute of petting/playing. When I adopted her, I worked full time, so she was a perfect fit for my home.
Animals Lead the Way in Many Healing Modalities
Does the idea of animals leading reiki sound surprising?
Have you ever wondered how ancient practices such as yoga, herbalism, and tai chi were created?
Using the Let Animals Lead® Method of Animal Reiki with Cats
Reiki is a Japanese healing energy system founded by Mikao Usui in the early 20th century. It uses Ki, the natural life force energy, which flows inside us and around us to offer healing for the higher good of all. Traditionally there are 3 levels of Reiki training, and it can be used with both humans and animals. Human Reiki often focuses on hand positions and moving around the human client who is seated or lying down. This may not always be relevant when working with animals however as they don't always want or are available for a direct connection. This is where The Let Animals Lead® Method of Animal Reiki comes in.
The Animal Reiki Scoop from Snoop
The following story inspired me to extend my Reiki training and become an Animal Reiki practitioner. The story highlights how Kathleen Prasad's Let Animals Lead® Method nurtures the agency and autonomy of the "neighborhood cat," particularly in the heart of the 6th Pillar. Here's the scoop from Snoop.
Snow Leopard Baby Reaches Out For Reiki
Despite the rain and the chill one late April morning, my husband and I headed over to our city zoo so I could meditate with the animals for the first time using the Let Animals Lead® Method of Animal Reiki. What's a little rain? I'm a newbie to LAL and eager to develop my skills.
SARA Featured in Redfin Article: "Adopting a Shelter Pet: Expert Advice to Prepare Your Home for Your New Furry Friend"
Adopting a shelter pet is an exciting and fulfilling experience. Not only will you be helping an animal in need of a loving home, you'll be gaining a new family member. However, it's important to pet-proof your home, get their space set up with the essentials, and do a little research before bringing home a rescue pet.
The Offer of a Paw – The Ultimate Show of Trust
It was our final Reiki meditation of the day and a storm was brewing. Gretchen and I settled in, offering Reiki to both her dogs. Bindi wandered around a bit, stopped, and offered Gretchen her front paw. It was beautiful to see Bindi stand there with her paw in Gretchen's hand…so beautiful I could not interrupt the moment to snap a picture though I wanted to. The love between them radiated. Bindi sat back and put both paws in Gretchen's hands. Gretchen sat teary eyed, holding her best friend's paws.
The Year End Gift of the Bison
As 2020 comes to an end, I have been reflecting on the good that came to me during the difficult past months. What we focus on grows stronger so I have been choosing to turn my attention to my blessings instead of what I always felt that I lacked.
From Growls to Belly Rubs – Reiki to the Rescue
Bruno is loving walks and belly rubs these days. And he took his freedom ride to his foster home this past weekend! For months, Bruno cowered in the back of his kennel at the shelter, growling at staff. He had been there almost six months, surrendered for killing a chicken and a goat. Terrified, he would not let anyone touch him and it was difficult to clean his run. Leah, a shelter worker, knew they couldn't keep him much longer if he couldn't be handled, cleaned up and vetted. In a last-ditch effort, she reached out to me to share Reiki with him. I also asked Animal Reiki Source's Animal Reiki Healing Circle to share Reiki with Bruno.
Deaf and Food Aggressive – Romanian Rescue Dog Finds Peace and Safety
This beautiful deaf boxer girl had come over to the UK from Romania at approximately 6 months old, her history not clear, and was first fostered by a couple with a handful of other dogs. It quickly became very obvious and worrying that she was a very anxious girl around dinner times, guarding her food and showing aggression towards the other dogs and the humans in her foster home. It became so severe that the couple had to take the heart breaking decision of handing her back to the rehoming organisation and, due to her aggressive behaviour, sadly she had to be looked after at a rescue boarding kennel while the organisation began the responsible and stressful task of finding the next right home for her. Prospects were unclear… who would take on a deaf dog who literally might bite the hand that feeds her?
Brutus Healed Me
A few months ago, I felt a strong calling to begin volunteering Reiki with shelter animals. I had shared Reiki with rescued animals before but was not officially "in" with a local rescue as a regular volunteer. I wanted to put myself out there, but during these COVID times it has been challenging to meet face to face.
In Loving Memory of Dusty…
Dusty was found after wandering the Arizona desert as a pup without identification or microchip. After a week of no one claiming him at the Humane Society, he was adopted by SARA member Gerianne. He lived a very happy 15 1/2 years with his special Reiki mom and family. He was a devoted family dog, meditation partner and lover of Reiki. Thank you so much Gerianne for honoring SARA with a donation in his memory. Fly free and in peace, Dusty!
What's Good for the Goose
It was a warm August evening, among the last few left before the cool Canadian weather would start creeping up and swallowing the summer bliss. I was walking with my husband and our faithful dog through the fields, where we go to watch the sun set almost every night. We were noticing how the sun rests earlier every day, subtly announcing that winter is not far away.
Kitten & Fawn; Love & Compassion
Hermione is a premature fawn left by her mother. Mulan was a sickly, newborn kitten dumped at the animal shelter. Both are being loved and rehabbed at Forevermore Farm, a peaceful, quaint little farm where I teach Reiki & Kathleen Prasad's Let Animals Lead® method of Animal Reiki.
Addie Scores Big – Reiki Furever
We rescued "Belle" from the wonderful shelter Homeward Bound in Middlebury, Vermont where I volunteer, about two and a half years ago. She had been surrendered in South Carolina and moved to our shelter in Vermont. She had only been in Vermont for about two days before I discovered her one Saturday while sharing Kathleen Prasad's Let Animals Lead® method of Animal Reiki. By the following Friday, she had claimed our bed and hearts. The people at our shelter said, as she wiggled and wriggled on the way to our car, "bet she is going to get lots of Reiki!"; and she has. Her name was immediately changed to Addie and she was often referred to as Mrs. Wiggles in those early days.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. 診断基準? Diagnostic and classification criteria for the Guillain-Barré syndrome.
2.Fisher syndrome: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and management.
Expert review of neurotherapeutics.Expert Rev Neurother.2012 Jan;12(1):39-51. doi: 10.1586/ern.11.182.


This Frankenstein costume is sure to have a frightening effect on everyone around this Halloween season. The scary outfit features a headpiece with green latex that covers the forehead and black hair that hangs down the sides and back. The green jacket has a black inset shirt, which is made of foam, providing a bulky appearance. The top ties behind the neck for closure. The pair of green pants come with an elastic waistband for a secure and comfortable fit. In addition, foam boot covers are also included. Be ready to come alive this Halloween in our Frankenstein costume.


text:
Mandatory Fun
MilTech
MilSpouseFest
78 years ago, the Allies tried to invade Nazi-occupied Europe — and failed miserably
In the early hours of August 19, 1942, more than 6,000 British, Canadian, and U.S. soldiers and sailors on over...
By Benjamin Brimelow, Business Insider August 17, 2020
Editor's Note: This article originally appeared on Business Insider.
In the early hours of August 19, 1942, more than 6,000 British, Canadian, and U.S. soldiers and sailors on over 230 ships and landing craft were making their final preparations for Operation Jubilee.
Their target was the French port city of Dieppe, just 75 miles from the British coast. They would be the first Western Allied soldiers on continental Europe since the British and French evacuation at Dunkirk two years earlier.
The Allied troops, supported by 58 tanks, eight destroyers, and hundreds of aircraft from the British and Canadian militaries, faced 1,500 German soldiers, as well as 300 Luftwaffe aircraft and a number of small vessels from the Kriegsmarine.
Despite their mismatched numbers, the Allies were about to experience one of their worst disasters of the war.
A critical time
The raid came at a critical time in the war. Rommel's Afrika Corps had pushed the Allies into defensive positions in Egypt, and the British were still reeling from calamitous defeats against the Japanese in the Southeast Asia.
The Germans had been halted at Moscow, but Leningrad was under brutal siege, Sevastopol had fallen, and the Germans were advancing on Stalingrad.
Stalin was desperate for another front to be opened to relieve some of the pressure. The Allies decided to conduct a small raid on a French port to test the feasibility of a large-scale landing.
The raid would have the bonus of drawing out the Luftwaffe. RAF Fighter Command, inspired by its victory in the Battle of Britain, was eager for a decisive battle it believed could turn the tide of the air war against the Germans.
Almost 5,000 Canadian soldiers, 1,000 British commandos, and 50 US Army Rangers would land at Dieppe. They would take control of the town for a day, destroy coastal batteries and radar stations, and capture German prisoners and documents before returning to England.
The raiders would land on six beaches, codenamed Yellow, Blue, Red, White, Green, and Orange.
Orange and Yellow beaches were on the far flanks of Dieppe, where German artillery was stationed, while Blue and Green beaches were on the outskirts of the city. The main landings were on Red and White beaches, directly in front of the city.
If successful, the operation would gather valuable intelligence, test the strength of Hitler's Atlantic Wall and the Wehrmacht's response, and deal a devastating blow to the Luftwaffe.
A complete disaster
The raid was doomed from the start. The first landings occurred just after 5:00 a.m. at Yellow and Orange beaches. The unit assigned to Yellow beach ran directly into a convoy of Kriegsmarine torpedo boats, and a number of landing ships were sunk or damaged. Those that made it to shore were repelled by well-prepared German defenders.
The landings at Orange beach, led by future D-Day hero Lord Lovat, went smoothly. British commandos and the U.S. Army Rangers made two landings and destroyed six 150 mm guns before withdrawing.
It was the only successful part of the raid, but by that point, the Germans were fully alerted.
At Blue beach, Canadian soldiers were left completely exposed when their smoke screen was blown away. Pinned against a seawall, they were mowed down by hidden machine-gun nests and bunkers. Of the 556 troops that landed, 200 were killed and 264 were captured.
The troops landing at Green beach landed at the wrong place. They were funneled over a single bridge and made it farther than any other unit but had to retreat due to overwhelming German firepower.
The landings at Red and White beached were complete disasters. The tanks arrived late so the infantry was forced to attack without them. Like their comrades on Blue beach, they were pinned against a seawall and at the mercy of hidden machine-gun nests and artillery with clear fields of fire.
"The fire was terrible," David Hart, a communications operator, recalled. "We were sitting ducks"
Twenty-nine tanks were landed, but only 27 made it onto the beach, where the terrain — gravel and pebbles, rather than sand — caused many to get stuck. Fifteen tanks crossed the seawall, but 10 had to return because of German anti-tank defenses, and obstacles that engineers couldn't destroy because they took too many casualties.
"When we reached the beach, all hell broke loose," said Raymond Gilbert, a tanker. "There was fire and brimstone, the whole bit. It was really quite a shock."
A retreat was ordered, and by 2:00 p.m. the British ships headed home.
A high price for failure
Allied casualties were staggering. Over 3,600 British and Canadian soldiers, sailors, and airmen were killed, wounded, or captured. Only about 2,200 returned. Six U.S. Army Rangers were killed, with seven more wounded and four captured.
All 29 tanks that landed were either destroyed or captured. The RAF was unable to win its decisive victory, losing over 100 aircraft. The Royal Navy lost over 30 landing craft and one destroyer.
German casualties were minuscule in comparison, just 591 killed and wounded, 48 aircraft lost, and one vessel sunk.
Multiple failures doomed the raid. Poor reconnaissance, lack of training and experience, inadequate bombardment, navigational errors, and overly optimistic planning all played major roles in the disaster.
Finally, the Germans were tipped off by French double agents, who informed them that the British were interested in the area.
Valuable lessons
But Dieppe taught the Allies how to properly open a second front.
It made clear that battleships and bombers needed to bombard enemy positions at a much larger scale, that good intelligence on everything from sand gradient to enemy positions was essential, and that while a port was vital, a direct assault on one would likely prove too costly.
All these lessons were taken into account when, almost two years later, Allied forces successfully invaded Normandy in Operation Overlord.
Vice Adm. Lord Louis Mountbatten, the raid's lead planner and head of Combined Operations, believed it was a necessary failure, saying, "I have no doubt that the Battle of Normandy was won on the beaches of Dieppe. For every man who died in Dieppe, at least 10 more must have been spared in Normandy in 1944."
More from Business Insider:
U.S. Navy amphibious assault ship sails into Hawaii with flight deck loaded up with World War II warbirds
It wasn't just the Marines: 6 WWII battles where the US Army crushed the Japanese
What the U.S.'s first major World War II offensive in the Pacific teaches us about warfare in the 21st century
Benjamin Brimelow, Business Insider View Benjamin Brimelow, Business Insider's articles
Operation Jubilee
The US Postal Service is honoring military working dogs with new 'forever' stamp
"Brave and loyal military working dogs are essential members of America's armed forces. Courageous canines have aided U.S. soldiers in...
The Hero WWII Paratrooper Who Once Tricked 15,000 Germans Into Surrendering Has Died
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"I had the feeling God kept me alive...
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The LibertyLand Site (which moreover many people continue to search on the Internet) is no longer available on the net since it closed for Streaming and Direct Download.
If you type the old LibertyLand.com address today, you will be immediately redirected to the LibertyVF site. Do you know why? Here are the answers to all possible questions.
As you can read in the title of this article, the LibertyLand.Tv Site was specialized in Streaming. Not to mention that it was also in the direct download of Movies, Series, Software and eBooks.
You could meet manga, TV shows and many other important files for direct download. And as we talk about movie downloads I take the opportunity to announce DDLValley which is perhaps its best alternative.
Created in 2009 and sadly closed in 2010 (one year of service). Liberty Land was among the first extensions of the site before going through Libertyland. The site has long escaped the attempts of closures and censorship because it was among the best Streaming site (I miss the superlative of better). This was justified by its length of life which made the film companies in France uncomfortable.
Of course, this site offered the richest content, the most qualitative and the freshest on the web. It was the best when it came to streaming and DDL (direct download). This was a great threat to the film industries.
In 2010 SECAM (the company that protects the works and allows the authors to receive rights to their use) filed a lawsuit in May against the administrators of the best Warez Site for Counterfeiting.
According to this Source, four administrators who were managing this site were tried and incarcerated in the prison for Counterfeiting. That's where the new team that manages LibertyVF today drew its motivation. LibertyLand is now dead and alive LibertyVF.
Do not forget to leave a comment, subscribe and share this article on social networks. Thank you for visiting this site.
All the content here is copyrighted to Tech Olympic. Reproducing the same material without the source is strictly prohibited.


Provides a practical and project-based approach so you can put marketing plans into action quickly and effectively.
Following a brief overview of the planning process, each chapter provides a self-contained guide to planning a specific marketing task, the range of plans included cover the most common challenges facing marketing teams in both consumer and business-to-business sectors.
Includes templates and worked up marketing plans and is rigorous and thorough – equipping you with plans that really work.
Why is it that my kite won't fly?


text:
Чанша́ () — уезд городского округа Чанша провинции Хунань (КНР).

История
После того, как Цинь Шихуан впервые в истории объединил все китайские земли в единую империю, то в 221 году до н. э. страна была разбита на 36 округов-цзюнь, одним из которых стал Чаншаский округ (长沙郡); власти округа разместились в уезде Сянсянь (湘县). Когда после распада империи Цинь Лю Бан провозгласил себя правителем новой империи Хань, то в 202 год до н. э. уезд Сянсянь был переименован в Линьсян (临湘县). Во времена империи Суй в 589 году уезд Линьсян был переименован в уезд Чанша (长沙县).

Во времена империи Сун в 1098 году часть уезда Чанша была выделена в отдельный уезд Шаньхуа (善化县); органы власти обоих уездов при этом размещались в одном и том же месте. После Синьхайской революции уезд Шаньхуа был в 1912 году вновь присоединён к уезду Чанша.

В 1933 году урбанизированная часть уезда Чанша была выделена в отдельный город Чанша.

После образования КНР в 1949 году был создан Специальный район Чанша (长沙专区), и уезд вошёл в его состав. В 1951 году из уезда Чанша был выделен уезд Ванчэн (望城县) В 1952 году в связи с тем, что власти специального района размещались в Сянтане, а Чанша в состав специального района не входил (являясь городом провинциального подчинения) Специальный район Чанша был переименован в Специальный район Сянтань (湘潭专区).

22 марта 1959 года уезд Ванчэн был вновь присоединён к уезду Чанша, а 31 марта того же года уезд Чанша был передан из состава Специального района Сянтань под юрисдикцию властей города Чанша.

В 1977 году из уезда Чанша был вновь выделен уезд Ванчэн.

Административное деление
Уезд делится на 5 уличных комитетов и 13 посёлков.

Ссылки

Уезды Чанша

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Warsaw had to reinvent itself way too many times and to this day feels like the city under construction. Despite its troubled history, it gives a great sense of brimming positivity, burgeoning culture and such momentum that we hardly manage to keep pace with it.
The old town, almost completely destroyed in WW2, has been meticulously rebuilt into a picture-postcard architectural treat. Vacant warehouse spaces filled with creative types and a new wave of hi-tech interactive museums such as the History of Polish Jews have sprung up across the city adding some inspiring design to its Soviet-era cityscape.
Warsaw has been making strides gastronomically, with its famous milk bars through to unique Michelin starred menus, making it a great culinary destination. Mixed with its many bars, indie shops and creative neighbourhoods Warsaw has slowly became a city to be savoured and not just for a brief stopover.
Best souvenirs are most often scoured at your favorite museums and galleries, below are a few fashion and interior recommendations.


text:
Fourth Sunday of Advent:
The 4th Sunday of Advent originally did not have a Roman Station church because of the linkage between Ember Saturday and Sunday. Eventually, to bring the Sunday into harmony with other great Sundays it gained a Station at the Basilica of the Twelve Apostles.
The 4th Sunday of Advent arrives on the heels of Ember Saturday with its preceding vigil readings and meditations in the night. Ember Saturday was in the ancient Church of Rome the day for priestly ordinations at St. Peter's in the Vatican, the ceremonies of which lasted into Sunday morning. They took things seriously back then. In a sense, this Sunday is an extension of the Ember Day.
The Sunday Mass texts can be seen as a summation of our Advent preparation with the three great figures whom the Church chose to accompany us as we approach the arriving Lord. In the first chant of the Mass, the Introit, we hear the Prophet Isaiah cry out, "Shower, O heavens, from above, and let the skies rain down righteousness (Hebrew sedeq – righteousness, justice); let the earth open, that salvation [Hebrew yêsha – "deliverance, salvation"; Latin Vulgate salvator – "a savior" ] may sprout forth". The Vulgate personifies both the justice of God, justice being "the just one", and the saving action of God, "savior", which is what we sing in the Introit and the characteristic Advent Antiphon from Isaiah 45: Rorate caeli desuper et nubes pluant iustum.
The first verse from Isaiah 45 is humble and gentle, invoking the tender shoot as it first appears above the soil. The psalm verse, however, is lofty and magnificent, prompting our thoughts of the glorious Coming of Christ: "The heavens are telling the glory of God; and the firmament proclaims his handiwork". Remember that the use of a verse in a chant like an Introit should provoke you to check out the surrounding verses: Ps 19:1-6:
The heavens are telling the glory of God;
and the firmament proclaims his handiwork.
2 Day to day pours forth speech,
and night to night declares knowledge.
3 There is no speech, nor are there words;
their voice is not heard;
4 yet their voice[a] goes out through all the earth,
and their words to the end of the world.
In them he has set a tent for the sun,
5 which comes forth like a bridegroom leaving his chamber,
and like a strong man runs its course with joy.
6 Its rising is from the end of the heavens,
and its circuit to the end of them;
and there is nothing hid from its heat.
During Advent, in the Divine Office and Mass Isaiah has been urging us to make ready. In the Gospel this Sunday we hear the next great admonitory figure, "The Voice" heralding "The Word", St. John the Baptist take up the messianic message of Isaiah, "Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight." This is a good point of reflection before Christmas. The prophets Isaiah and John say that "Every valley shall be filled, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low, and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough ways shall be made smooth" (Luke 3). When the Lord comes at the end, He will come by the straight and smooth path.
If you haven't done your best to straighten your path for the Lord's Coming (in all ways that He comes) then He will do the straightening and that might not be pleasant.
The next great guide of Advent is the Blessed Virgin herself, who enters with the Offertory's "Hail, full of grace". By the Offertory we have come with Mary to the altar of Sacrifice, as she went from the wood of the crib to the wood of the Cross. She and Isaiah and John have brought us from the beginning of Advent to the threshold of the celebration of the Nativity and preparation for the end of the world in fire with judgement.
Now that we are at the altar, let's now go back to the Epistle which hearkens to the ancient Roman Church and the ordination of priests on Ember Saturday/Sunday. The text from 1 Corinthians 4 recalls these ordinations in its language about "dispensers/stewards of the mysteries".
More context. The Corinthians were somewhat obstreperous and divided. It seems they were passing judgment on those of the fledgling hierarchy. In 1 Cor 3 Paul wrote about their divisions and how some pitted Paul against a certain Apollos who had gained followers. Paul describes how one person might plant (Paul) and another water (Apollos), but only God gives the growth.
In chapter 3 Paul uses apocalyptic fire imagery. Paul is dealing with scandals amongst the Corinthians, which they had not dealt with effectively. The pagan patroness of Corinth was Aphrodite, interlaced with the Eastern goddess Astarte. In that temple there was ritual prostitution on an industrial scale. Ritual prostitution inevitably arose where there was female "priesthood". Corinth had a bad rep and a morally corrosive environment. For example, in the Christian community there was someone living in an openly incestuous relationship with his widowed stepmother (1 Cor 5:1-2).
In 1 Cor 3:13-15, just before Sunday's reading Paul lets them have it.
According to the grace of God given to me, like a skilled master builder I laid a foundation, and another man is building upon it. Let each man take care how he builds upon it. For no other foundation can any one lay than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if any one builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw– each man's work will become manifest; for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. If the work which any man has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. If any man's work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire.
What is this testing and saving fire Paul is talking about? It can't be the fire of Hell, because that punishes but doesn't test. It can't be the fire of Purgatory, because it purifies rather than tests. The testing fire is surely the fire of judgment that tries men and reveals their deeds and interior life. The fire imagery on the 4th Sunday of Advent, underscores that this season of penitential joy is a preparation for Second Coming, the return of the Just Judge.
In chapter 4, in our reading, he defends his authority in terms of being "a servant (hyperétes) and steward (oikonómos) of the mysteries of God". Paul is not to be judged by anyone other than God at the time when He comes.
Note that use of "mysteries", which are certainly the sacraments of the early Church which we have today. Especially baptism, Eucharist, and priestly ordination (lay on of hands). In Ephesians 5 Paul describes how all the mysteries flow from the Cross… now, the Sacrificial altar. In our liturgical language, our orations in the Latin Church, "mystery" is usually interchangeable with "sacrament". In the ancient Greek and Latin Churches, there was a lack of technical vocabulary to express what was unfolding as the Apostolic Rule of Faith was being handed down and faithfully contemplated, fought over, and elaborated, not with artificial substantive change but with an organic deepening of understanding. The early teachers and leaders borrowed vocabulary from Greek and Roman philosophy and other spheres. When it was time to explicate in Latin what was developing in Greek about "mystery… mystérion" the military term "sacramentum" was adopted. The history of this and its meaning is quite complicated. Those who want to dig into it would do well to consult the voice "sacramentum" in the Augustinus Lexicon. Suffice to say that, during Mass, when we hear "mystery", we can make a connecting with our sacraments and their celebration, particularly of the Eucharist.
As a "servant and dispenser of the mysteries" (and in the ancient Roman Church they were ordained "yesterday" on the Saturday before this Sunday) Paul is not to be judged by the Corinthians.
To keep this short, our Epistle pericope for this Sunday reminds us of the antiquity of our traditional lectionary, because its choice by Holy Church for its use goes back to the days when in Rome there were vigils and ordinations of priests in ceremonies that embraced Ember Saturday and this Sunday. Therefore, it behooves us on this Sunday to remember priests. Like Paul they are the "stewards" the "dispensers" of the "mysteries", the sacraments and their celebration. Priests themselves should be reminded in this reading that they are not the "master" or the "misers" of the mysteries. They must be humble in their celebrations, saying accurately and carefully the black words in the rites and acting precisely and reverently according to the red words in the books, the rubrics. They must be generous and ready to do their priestly part in the administration of the sacraments, with generosity of prompt time and effort as well as zeal in providing for devotions and sacramentals which lead people to a fuller, and more actively conscious participation in the rites, the sacred mysteries.
Moreover, both lay and cleric alike should be reminded in this reading there is a difference between their roles. It is wrong to clericalize lay people and to laicize clergy, in the sense of taking from priests their priestly roles and handing them over to the laity. This is a subtle and insidious form of clericalism that has sadly developed because of the otherwise wholesome "universal call to holiness" launched by the of the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council. It is horribly condescending for priests to try to actualize lay people by handing their role and tasks to the laity. It is as if to say, "By your baptismal share in priesthood, you remain inadequate. I, however, will raise you high by letting you do what I can do." How corrosive. We see the knock-on effect this has on every sphere of the Church's life. Paul himself wrote that, in the Church, there are different roles. Some plant, others water.
Finally, the fire imagery Paul uses about brings before our mind's eye that moment of our judgment. All that we are shall be revealed in the blinding light of Truth that will burn away every artifice and banish ever shadow of deception or concealment.
As we enter the final stage before the celebration of the Coming of the Lord into the Light of this world, we want to be bright, shiny, and clean ready for His adventus, our visitatio. Make a good examination of conscious, bringing the fire of your zeal into the darkest corners of your heart, and go to confession.
Fr. John Zuhlsdorf
Convert from Lutheranism, ordained to the priesthood in 1991 by St. John Paul II in Rome for the Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri-Segni. Classics at University of Minnesota. Licence and Doctoral studies in Patristic Theology at the Augustinianum in Rome. Formerly a collaborator of the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei," moderator of the Catholic Online Forum, columnist for The Wanderer and the UK's Catholic Herald, Fox News contributor. Speaker. Blogist. fatherzonline.com @fatherz
(From One Peter 5: https://onepeterfive.com/4th-sunday-of-advent-saving-fire/)
This entry was posted in 2022–Advent, Updates from Mother by Trese. Bookmark the permalink.


Sometimes, it seems that healthcare takes a back seat to practically everything else in life. For the past twenty-five years, I've been making the analogy that people take better care of their computers than they do of themselves. Only one-fourth of computers around the world are unprotected from viruses these days. But nearly half of adults (46 percent) are not up-to-date with their tetanus shots, and some 80 percent of adults considered high risk for pneumonia have not been vaccinated. No one seems to care that people are walking around at risk for serious disease, and yet the first thing the IT help desk asks when you call for a computer repair is whether your antivirus program is up to date—and people are embarrassed to admit that it isn't.
Part of the problem is that people don't really understand what their medical test results mean. When they do feel unwell and go to the doctor for a checkup, they don't understand what it means when their blood tests come back with elevated blood sugar, triglycerides, or liver chemistries. Should they go for further testing, such as an ultrasound, they don't know that something like "fatty liver" is an indicator that they have a problem. Since there are seldom any real symptoms when the liver has an abnormality, they often find it difficult to believe the lab results. But the liver is not like, for example, the lungs. A chronic cough or shortness of breath is frightening—most people will go get something like that checked out. If there no pain or outward sign of a problem, most people will just assume all's well.
But that can lead to a critical delay in getting the right care—even life-saving care.
The diseases that make up metabolic syndrome—truncal obesity, diabetes (or insulin resistance), cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL)—can individually change a person's life. When operating together in a body, they can even spell death.
That's why it's important to get a regular check-up. An annual check-up will review your health history, check your immunizations, measure your height and weight, check your blood pressure, and listen for any problems with your heart and lungs. It may also involve screening tests that can detect where there are abnormalities with your blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol levels, and other health issues. That can help you and your healthcare provider find problems before they start or find them early when you have a better chance of treating and reversing some of them. By getting the right health services, screenings, and treatments, you increase your chances for living a longer, healthier life.
There are other benefits to the annual check-up such as building a relationship with your doctor, having more complete medical records, continuous review of your prescriptions and other medications, and a more personal touch in health care. When you become a familiar face with a familiar medical record, your physician can better sense any physical or emotional changes in you, and you will grow more comfortable with the idea of sharing problems you are experiencing.


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Frank Arthur Coolidge
Name Frank Arthur Coolidge
Born 02 Dec 1858 Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts [1, 2, 3]
Birth Record of Frank Arthur Coolidge
He was recorded while living with his parents.
Census 1880 Worcester, Worcester County, Massachusetts [7]
He was listed in the household of Joel Hinkley with his brother Walter. They were listed as ice peddlers.
Census 1920 Phillipston, Worcester County, Massachusetts [10]
He is listed as a farmer
Peterstown road
Census 1930 Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts [11]
He is listed as a widower.
Died 25 Jun 1948 Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts [1, 13, 14]
Buried Ledgeville Cemetery, Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts, USA [15]
Father Orasa Coolidge, b. 28 Jul 1812, New Salem, Franklin County, Massachusetts , d. 26 Mar 1896, Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts (Age 83 years)
Mother Susan Carter Delvy, b. 20 Jul 1832, Warwick, Franklin County, Massachusetts , d. 11 Feb 1908, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts (Age 75 years)
Married 25 Jun 1850 Gill, Franklin County, Massachusetts [1, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19]
Marriage Record of Susan Delvy and Orasa Coolidge
Family Fanny Augusta Ober, b. 6 Sep 1867, Beverly, Essex County, Massachusetts , d. 01 Dec 1933 (Age 66 years)
Married 13 Nov 1895 Natick, Middlesex County, Massachusetts [1, 20]
1. Horace Ober Coolidge, b. 14 Nov 1896, Wellesley, Norfolk County, Massachusetts , d. 5 Aug 1955, Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts (Age 58 years) [Birth]
2. Elizabeth Thorndike Coolidge, b. 28 Jul 1898, Massachusetts , d. 21 Apr 1964, Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts (Age 65 years) [Birth]
3. Mary Carter Coolidge, b. 11 Dec 1900, Massachusetts , d. 1 Feb 1981, Hyannis, Barnstable County, Massachusetts (Age 80 years) [Birth]
4. F. Arthur Coolidge, Jr., b. 01 Dec 1911, Wellesley, Norfolk County, Massachusetts , d. 22 Feb 1996, Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts (Age 84 years) [Birth]
Last Modified 19 Mar 2016
Born - 02 Dec 1858 - Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts
Census - He was recorded while living with his parents. - 1860 - Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts
Census - He was listed in the household of Joel Hinkley with his brother Walter. They were listed as ice peddlers. - 1880 - Worcester, Worcester County, Massachusetts
Married - 13 Nov 1895 - Natick, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Census - Age: 41 - 1900 - Wellesley, Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Census - He is listed as a farmer - 1920 - Phillipston, Worcester County, Massachusetts
Census - He is listed as a farmer - 1930 - Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts
Census - He is listed as a widower. - 1940 - Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts
Died - 25 Jun 1948 - Petersham, Worcester County, Massachusetts
[S801] Massachusetts, Birth Records, 1840-1915 , (Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013).
[S800] Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988, (Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011).
[S716] 1860 U.S. Federal Census , (Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2009.).
Year: 1860; Census Place: Petersham, Worcester, Massachusetts; Roll: M653_533; Page: 364; Image: 365; Family History Library Film: 803533
[S828] 1865 Massachusetts State Census, (Provo, Utah: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014).
Year: 1870; Census Place: Petersham, Worcester, Massachusetts; Roll: M593_655; Page: 176A; Image: 356; Family History Library Film: 552154
[S363] 1880 U.S. Federal Census CD, (Archive CD).
Year: 1920; Census Place: Phillipston, Worcester, Massachusetts; Roll: T625_748; Page: 3A; Enumeration District: 136; Image: 119
[S885] Massachusetts, Death Index, 1901-1980, (Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013).
[S572] Find a Grave web site, (Provo, Utah: Find A Grave, Inc.).
Find A Grave Memorial# 132332911
[S201] Crane, Ellery Bicknell. Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of Worcester County, volume I, ( New York: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1907).
[S377] Allred, Paul W. Descendants of Peter Delvey, (Unknown place: manuscript, 11 November 2002).


House Speaker Paul D. Ryan (Wis.) showed the president glossy photos of a wall under construction along the U.S.-Mexico border.
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (Ky.) brought an article from the Washington Examiner that described Trump as brilliantly handling the current budget process, and portrayed the GOP as unified and breaking through years of dysfunction.
Their message, according to two people briefed on the meeting: The budget process is going smoothly, the wall is already being built, and there's no need to shut down the government. Instead, they sought to persuade Trump to put off a fight for more border wall money until after the November midterm elections, promising to try then to get him the outcome he wants, according to the people, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to reveal details of the private discussion.
The visual aids were a subtle but deft attempt to win over a president known to prefer visual imagery over wonky typed handouts, and eager to absorb flattery at a time when the White House is enveloped in chaos.
But it could be weeks before it's clear whether the effort was successful, as the calculated intervention came during another week when Trump showed that he was wrestling with whether to follow GOP leaders' advice or trust his own, impulsive instincts and the demands of a restive Republican base.
One of Trump's central campaign promises was the building of a wall along the border with Mexico, but he has been stymied by Congress in obtaining the funding he says is necessary. The current construction work is largely to replace walls and barriers that have existed for years.
Trump originally pledged that Mexico would pay for the wall, but he has recently sought U.S. taxpayer money for the project. He wants $5 billion for 2019, something few lawmakers believe is obtainable. Trump on Friday said the money could either come from Congress or he could try to redirect it from the Pentagon's budget, adding further confusion to the planning.
The uncertainty has clouded the budget process on Capitol Hill as lawmakers work desperately to finalize spending bills to pay for government operations before current funding runs out Sept. 30 — unable to know whether their efforts will ultimately be thwarted by a Trump veto.
Since March 1, Trump has said he would happily lead the government into a partial shutdown if lawmakers don't approve the money he wants for the wall.
Earlier this year, Trump grew furious on several mornings when he saw news coverage of a giant spending bill, which was heavily criticized by conservatives for being bloated and stuffed with liberal priorities.
"They are crushing me," Trump told aides, referring to what conservatives on Fox News were saying about him.
So Marc Short, then the White House director of legislative affairs, brought the president a list of what the spending package did for Trump's agenda, according to administration officials. Trump calmed down upon learning more about what was in the bill but told aides that he wanted people to be backing him up on television.
Short repeatedly told lawmakers that they needed to get people on TV if they wanted Trump to support the bill — and that it was key to him signing the legislation.
Lately, the president has made clear to top aides that he is on the fence about whether to back another spending bill. On a recent flight to Pennsylvania, Trump polled advisers about whether he should shut down the government. He asked everyone to give their opinion and seemed undecided.
Kellyanne Conway, among others, has pushed against it, White House officials said.
Complicating the process even more is the uncertain outcome of the midterm elections. If Democrats seize control of the House, it could become even more difficult for Trump to secure money for a border wall.
GOP leaders are convinced that they don't have the votes to appropriate the money even now, when they control both chambers of Congress. They are trying to avoid a messy fight just ahead of the midterms.
Trump first seemed to agree with them Tuesday, telling the Daily Caller that he didn't want a shutdown.
But by Wednesday, right before the meeting with Ryan and McConnell and as they sat by his side, Trump was raising the possibility of a shutdown again.
"If it happens, it happens," he said.
After Ryan and McConnell presented Trump with the different images, however, the president changed his tune again. On Thursday, in a Fox News interview, he said a fight over the wall could wait.
"I don't want to do anything that's going to hurt us or potentially hurt us because I have a feeling that the Republicans are going to do very well" in the midterm elections, Trump said during the interview.
Trump spoke to Fox News in Billings, Mont., where the crowd at a rally roared its approval for a shutdown. Some congressional Republicans fear that for all the persuasion offered by GOP leaders, Trump will respond most strongly to the emotions of a base that wants to see him fight for the wall, his signature campaign promise.
Trump was given assurances at the White House meeting Wednesday that he will have GOP support for the wall funding once the midterm elections are over, said Sen. John Thune (R-S.D.).
GOP leaders have found that the most effective way to influence Trump's thinking is through constant, careful and repeated communication, working closely with Office of Management and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney, as well as trying to rapidly assemble spending bills so they aren't forced to make last-second decisions.
Democrats, who are also eager to avoid a government shutdown, appear to be following this approach.
To show congressional leaders that he has not made up his mind about a shutdown, Trump appeared to demur again when asked about it by reporters Friday on Air Force One — while indicating that the advice he is getting from lawmakers is competing with persuasion from conservative radio and TV personalities.
"I would do it because I think it's a great political issue," he said. "I was reading and watching the other day, there are some people I have a lot of respect for. Rush Limbaugh says it's the greatest thing you can do. Mark Levin, the greatest thing you can do. Your friend [Sean] Hannity, the greatest thing you can do.


text:
Q: Haunted television set summons zombies from nearby graves I watched the Goosebumps movie tonight with my son and I started feeling nostalgic about other books (not in the Goosebumps series) that I read when I was a kid. I've been scouring Google looking for this one book for the last hour or so, and I can't seem to find what I'm looking for.
I'm trying to figure out the title of one particular book from roughly the early 1990s. It must have been aimed at younger readers, because I recall checking it out from my elementary school library.
I think this book may have had a couple different stories in it. I don't recall the other stories because, frankly, they were kind of lame. But this story really scared me at the time. This was, I believe, the first story in the book.
The story was about an old television set, complete with a channel knob. The the protagonist of the story was, I believe, a younger person - a boy. I don't remember much of the "flesh" of the story, but here's the gist of it...
As the kid was flipping through channels on the TV late at night, he came across what looked like a cemetery scene in some grainy old black and white horror movie. He thought the cemetery looked familiar, and at that point, he noticed that it looked a lot like a nearby cemetery. As he continued to watch, the TV then showed the dead rising out of their graves in the cemetery. Wondering what he was watching, the kid noticed that the knob of the TV was stuck between two different channels. As the kid continued to watch, the TV showed zombies shambling down the road outside the cemetery, and then down his road, and then outside of a house - his house. The zombies began pounding at the door of the house on the TV, and at the same time, the kid could hear pounding at his front door.
I believe the story may have ended with the kid disabling the TV somehow (unplugging it?), and the pounding at the door stopped.
Again, just for clarification, this was not a Goosebumps book. I don't even know who the publisher was - if I had to guess, I'd have to say "Scholastic"? All I'm looking for is a title, either of the story or of the book itself.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
MI Classroom Heroes COVID-19 Grants: New Grant Program Announced
Michigan Department of Treasury sent this bulletin at 02/23/2021 03:43 PM EST
MI Classroom Heroes COVID-19 Grants:
New Grant Program Announced
The Michigan Department of Treasury is proud to announce the expansion of the MI Classroom Heroes COVID-19 Grants to include a new grant program for specific program teachers.
Under the latest grant opportunity, eligible Great Start Readiness Program (GRSP), Head Start, adult education and young adult (ages 18-26) special education teachers can receive a grant of up to $500. A supplemental signed by Governor Whitmer at the end of 2020 provides $2.5 million for the grant program.
To help combat the spread of COVID-19, Governor Whitmer on April 2, 2020, signed an executive order that suspended in-person instruction of students and provided limited and temporary relief from certain requirements so instruction could continue through alternative methods during the public health crisis.
The GRSP, Head Start, Adult Education, and Young Adult Special Education COVID-19 Teacher Grant Program was created in state law to recognize the additional time and additional costs specific program teachers in a school district or nonprofit nonpublic school spent to ensure learning continued when in-person instruction was suspended in last spring.
Full-time and part-time specific program teachers in a school district or nonprofit nonpublic school classroom during the 2019-2020 school year prior to the suspension of in-class activities are eligible.
To receive up to $500, specific program teachers must have performed at least of 75% of their standard instruction workload in brick-and-mortar classrooms during the last school year prior to the suspension of in-person instruction on April 2, 2020.
The state Treasury Department will be working directly with districts, nonprofit nonpublic schools, and other partners in the education community to implement this grant program and distribute grant dollars to recipients. Some key dates for school administrators to remember are:
March 19: School districts and nonprofit nonpublic schools to distribute Teacher Certification From 5741 for the GSRP, Head Start, Adult Education and Young Adult Special Education Teacher COVID-19 Grant Program to eligible specific program teachers. School entities must also post notice on their websites and at least one other means of communication to inform eligible grant recipients that they have been identified and provide an opportunity for written appeal of eligibility status.
April 9: Eligible specific program teachers must return Form 5741 to their school district or nonprofit nonpublic school in the form and manner instructed by school personnel. This is also the deadline for individuals to file an appeal to their school.
April 19: Deadline for school districts and nonprofit nonpublic schools to electronically submit their eligibility list to the Michigan Department of Treasury.
June 4: Checks will be sent from the Michigan Department of Treasury to eligible specific program teachers on or about June 4.
For more information about this new grant program, please visit www.Michigan.gov/MIClassroomHeroes. Questions should be directed by phone to 517-241-6000 or email to TSSC19Grants@michigan.gov.
This service is provided to you at no charge by the Michigan Department of Treasury.
Lansing, Michigan 48922 | 517-335-7508 | Contact Us
Manage your Subscriptions or Unsubscribe


The Oakland City Council's public safety committee will consider an ordinance Tuesday banning protesters from having "tools of violence" at demonstrations, including shields, poles and hammers.
Though the proposal from City Attorney Barbara Parker never refers to Occupy Oakland explicitly, it refers to dates on which the movement had several of its largest demonstrations.
Among a host of incidents, Parker says vandals used a hammer to smash a window at a Whole Foods store Nov. 2, sprayed graffiti throughout Frank Ogawa Plaza on Jan. 28 and used fire accelerant on a police car on May 1.
On Jan. 28, which Occupy Oakland called a "move-in day" to take over the vacant Henry J. Kaiser Convention Center, Parker said people used shields made out of corrugated steel to advance on police lines and protect those who threw rocks and other objects at police.
"The City of Oakland supports and has a long and proud history of supporting peaceful protests and demonstrations," Parker writes in the proposal."Unfortunately, some individuals have used protests in Oakland as 'cover' to commit acts of violence, arson and vandalism."
To become law, the proposal would have to be approved by the public safety committee on Tuesday and ultimately would need to be approved by the full city council.
The ordinance would make it a misdemeanor - punishable with a $1,000 fine and six months in jail - for having those items at demonstrations.
The use of shields, in particular, has become an integral part of Occupy Oakland protest culture. At the Nov. 2 general strike, numerous masked protesters carried shields in the image of books, like Ursula K. LeGuin's "The Dispossessed," as symbols of their cause but also as protection from police.
Advocates say the shields have become essential, particularly since there have been a series of incidents of police using force that was later called into question.
Protester Scott Olsen suffered a fractured skull after he was shot with a beanbag by Oakland police, according to a federal monitor. He had been filmed standing peacefully just moments before. Occupy protester Kayvan Sabeghi was hit repeatedly by an Oakland police officer wielding a baton, according to video footage. Another protester, Scott Campbell, was shot by a beanbag while he was filming police.
All three incidents have raised concerns by a federal monitor tracking reforms in the Oakland Police Department.
"People need protection from police," said Steven Angell, 22, a member of Occupy Oakland. "These shields have protected people from violence in the past."
Police on May 1 shifted strategies on dealing with Occupy Oakland protests. Instead of mass teargassing and attempts to corral large groups, small squads of officers went into the crowd and pulled out individuals for arrest on charges of committing crimes or violating stay-away orders.
At least 39 people were arrested. Police also went into crowds throughout the day to remove shields.
Creating a list of banned items makes a much larger group of protesters subject to arrest, Angell said.
"It's a broader shift from trying to contain protests to pre-emptively stopping them," said Angell. "Now it makes everybody part of that potential agitator group."
Councilwoman Pat Kernighan, a co-sponsor of the measure, said it was merely making protests safer for the majority.
"It looks like people are armed for battle," she said. "I don't think that's what a protest march should be about."


Today I was managing some end of the year housekeeping related to the website.
I installed Nibbleblog (the blog used to run this site's blog) about a year ago and it runs flawlessly. However, Google kept saying my blog is not mobile friendly because of a viewport issue. This issue certainly impacts a page's Search Engine Results Page (SERP).
I went online for more than an hour and was unable to find a solution so I experimented adding <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> in the header of all the .bit files.
So, now the goal is to actually write more blog content in 2016!


August has come and gone, but I am still loving my end of the summer goodies from my Birchbox. I chose the curated box with Nicole Ritchie and loved it!
The nail polish I can still transition to and wear in the Fall.
I always want to try out a subscription box. Hopefully one day I get an opportunity to try it out. Hope you enjoy this month of birchbox.


This Cane Corso Mastiff nicknamed Zep sold and went to a new family.
Champion CK Jax and Ivy present this beautiful Black male puppy available ..2900 AKC and ICCF registered... Made for show, home or therapy. Your families perfect best friend and protector. Sound temperament, perfected structure and socialization. AKC and International Cane Corso Federation registered, hip and health guarantee, 30 Days of insurance, supplements, Paw Perfection luster and Cream included and lifetime breeder support. Feel free to call text or email me anytime 760-475-8876. We offer financing www.confidentialkennels.com click on financing under the payments tab!!


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Q: Images downloaded with cordova file plugin not found by ionic2 app I am developing an Ionic2 app. I have downloaded a zip file from server using cordova file plugin. Zip is successfully unzipped and I am able to get images and other files(.json) from that directory in Android.
When I view my app on IPAD (ios9.3.5), I can successfully read .json files from the downloaded and unzipped folder, but images are not shown on ipad. When I use safari to debug that. it gives error file:///var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/D3AB555E-77B3-48E4-9868-9DFA5C4C8973/Documents/cbsapp/d47kndffqc/questionimages/questionImage0015.jpg Failed to load resource.
my config.xml has
    <preference name="iosExtraFilesystems" value="library,library-nosync,documents,documents-nosync,cache,bundle,root" />
  <preference name="iosPersistentFileLocation" value="Library" />

In the page
readonly mainDirectoryName: string = "cbsapp";
  fs: string;
if (this.platform.is('ios')) {
                this.fs = cordova.file.dataDirectory;
            }
    this.imagesBaseUrl = this.fs + this.mainDirectoryName + "/" + this.passedId + "/questionimages/";

When I see the package in IPAD from XCODE the images are in the package.
I want to know why images are not read my ipad, but it read all other files from same folder.
Everything runs well on android.
Please help.


text:
1 March, 2018 00:00 00 AM
Turning tobacco fields into solar farms
www.engineering.com.
Joshua Pearce, professor of materials science and electrical engineering at Michigan Tech, has conducted several studies investigating the benefits of having large-scale solar deployments replace existing coal or nuclear power. Photo courtesy of Sarah Bird/Michigan Tech.
Joshua Pearce, professor of materials science and electrical engineering at Michigan Tech, has conducted several studies investigating the benefits of having large-scale solar deployments replace existing coal or nuclear power, according to www.engineering.com. Joshua Pearce, professor of materials science and electrical engineering at Michigan Tech, has conducted several studies investigating the benefits of having large-scale solar deployments replace existing coal or nuclear power.
A case study published by Michigan Technological University researchers Ram Krishnan and Joshua Pearce found that converting tobacco fields to solar farms could save thousands of lives annually. The study, titled "Economic Impact of Substituting Solar Photovoltaic Electric Production for Tobacco Farming," analyzed the potential of such an exchange in North Carolina due to the state's robust tobacco production as well as its ample sunlight. Krishnan and Pearce focused their economic analysis on a specific group of stakeholders—North Carolina landowners—but the broader conclusions of the project are related to the impact on public health on a global scale.
What's in It for the Farmers?
In spite of consistent volume declines worldwide, tobacco farming remains a highly profitable undertaking for many farmers in the southeastern United States. Converting land that is being used for tobacco farming to solar energy production can be a tough sell given the high cost of panel installation. Whether such a change makes sense for landowners depends on individual circumstances, but Krishnan and Pearce demonstrated that the decision could be a good one for many. By forecasting the potential profitability of tobacco farming versus solar energy production years into the future, their study showed that the solar option is likely to drastically outperform tobacco.
In their modeling, the researchers assumed modest, shortage-induced price increases for tobacco in the coming years. Next, they predicted the value of solar energy over the same time period using the historical price increases of electricity as a model. It is crucial to note that these "escalation rates" are likely to increase as fossil fuels become more costly in the coming years. The researchers then juxtaposed this solar profit model against the one they created for tobacco. The results were clear: going forward, farmers are likely to derive much more value per acre if their land is occupied by solar panels instead of tobacco plants.
Joshua Pearce, professor of materials science and electrical engineering at Michigan Tech, has conducted several studies investigating the benefits of having large-scale solar deployments replace existing coal or nuclear power, according to www.engineering.com. Joshua Pearce, professor of materials science and electrical engineering at Michigan Tech, has conducted several studies investigating the benefits of having large-scale solar deployments replace existing coal or nuclear power. A case study published by Michigan Technological University researchers Ram Krishnan and Joshua Pearce found that converting tobacco fields to solar farms could save thousands of lives annually. The study, titled Economic Impact of Substituting Solar Photovoltaic Electric Production for Tobacco Farming, analyzed the potential of such an exchange in North Carolina due to the states robust tobacco production as well as its ample sunlight. Krishnan and Pearce focused their economic analysis on a specific group of stakeholdersNorth Carolina landownersbut the broader conclusions of the project are related to the impact on public health on a global scale. Whats in It for the Farmers? In spite of consistent volume declines worldwide, tobacco farming remains a highly profitable undertaking for many farmers in the southeastern United States. Converting land that is being used for tobacco farming to solar energy production can be a tough sell given the high cost of panel installation. Whether such a change makes sense for landowners depends on individual circumstances, but Krishnan and Pearce demonstrated that the decision could be a good one for many. By forecasting the potential profitability of tobacco farming versus solar energy production years into the future, their study showed that the solar option is likely to drastically outperform tobacco. In their modeling, the researchers assumed modest, shortage-induced price increases for tobacco in the coming years. Next, they predicted the value of solar energy over the same time period using the historical price increases of electricity as a model. It is crucial to note that these escalation rates are likely to increase as fossil fuels become more costly in the coming years. The researchers then juxtaposed this solar profit model against the one they created for tobacco. The results were clear: going forward, farmers are likely to derive much more value per acre if their land is occupied by solar panels instead of tobacco plants.
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