text:
Analysis of the Oct. 6 Supreme Court announcement
How the pro-family movement helped spread "gay marriage" across America
The "gay marriage" steamroller is in the news again, with another big win in the courts. Pro-family people across the country are wringing their hands in anguish. How is this happening? Well, it's about time we started being honest with ourselves. In many ways, the biggest help to the homosexual cause has been the dishonesty, incompetence, and cowardliness of the pro-family movement itself in dealing with this issue.
If the mainstream pro-family movement had the guts of these Rhode Island activists, we'd all be a lot better off!
[MassResistance photo]
On Monday, Oct. 6, the U.S. Supreme Court announced that it would not review any of the seven appeals from five states where federal judges had "struck down" the states' bans on "gay marriage." This decision not to act is seen as a major blow.
It is not altogether final. There are two other federal cases pending, and if either of those rule to uphold the ban (which is likely) many experts predict that the Supreme Court will then take it up and decide. In particular, the Sixth Circuit is most likely (though not certain) to rule to uphold the ban.
However, it looks to be a losing court battle in the long run. Just a decade ago no one would have dreamed that the federal court system would be forcing such a perverse thing on Americans, especially where they've voted overwhelmingly against it statewide.
How did we get to this point?
Until just a few years ago, "gay marriage" was still an anomaly that took enormous effort to "legalize." It had been voted down in 31 states in a row. In a few states the homosexual lobby was able to get activist state judges to rule their way, starting with Massachusetts in 2003. But their main successes came from a campaign of expensive and sophisticated lobbying in a handful of liberal state legislatures.
In 2012 they were able to win in their first four statewide referenda by outspending the pro-family opponents by enormous margins. And additional liberal state legislatures fell to their lobbying blitz. But most of the country was still unreachable by that radical agenda.
Then came the DOMA and Prop 8 decisions by the US Supreme Court in 2013. That was the watershed moment that opened the floodgates. In the months since, the homosexual movement has been on a roll in the federal courts. With astonishing speed, they persuaded dishonest, activist federal judges to cavalierly overturn state laws and even constitutional amendments in state after state that banned "gay marriage."
This didn't happen by accident. The homosexual movement put together an extremely well funded and well planned campaign to push this through the courts. It included:
Bringing together skilled attorneys, staffs, assorted experts
Shrewd judge-shopping
A very well crafted, emotionally compelling legal argument
A media and public relations juggernaut
"Training" sessions for judges on "gay marriage" by sympathetic bar associations
Psychologically focused lobbying of judges and other high officials (e.g., telling them, "it's on the right side of history" – the classic Marxist dictum)
Effectively using the influence of a new generation of gullible, liberal activist federal judges (many of whom were unopposed by Republicans in their Senate confirmations)
The main legal hammer was the clear misuse of the Fourteenth Amendment "equal protection" clause, which was endorsed by the US Supreme court in the DOMA ruling. On its face, it's an absurd attempt at legal reasoning that depends on such ideas as homosexuals being a legitimate "class" of people, rather than simply people engaging in perverse and dangerous behaviors. But it is now an "official" legal construct with the imprimatur of the Supreme Court, and can be wielded with considerable power.
Most of this was happening below the radar of the average person, so these cases looked like a relatively normal set of circumstances, not the gargantuan legal blitzkrieg that it actually was. In fact, it's likely that nothing like this has ever been seen before in America, or anywhere else.
The resulting string of federal court losses have had the psychological effect on the pro-family movement as happened in early WWII with the Japanese takeover of the Pacific. Virtually everything fell, and that momentum seemed unstoppable.
The incompetence of the pro-family legal side
As overwhelming as the "gay" blitzkrieg was, it would not have been successful without the terrible incompetence of the lawyers on our side. This included pro-family lawyers, state attorneys general, and even private lawyers hired to assist.
It's painful for us to discuss this. We are reluctant to sound unkind to the pro-family legal people who worked hard on these cases. But this is such a horrible outcome that something must be said.
Many of you may recall that we had a similar reaction to the pro-family legal team in our analysis of DOMA and Prop-8 cases.
Both of those cases suffered from an unaggressive and short-sighted approach that bordered on malpractice. The pro-family side did not present a credible case in either one. They were deathly afraid that telling the truth about homosexuality might offend someone. By not effectively countering the absurd arguments and assumptions by the homosexual movement, they made it easy for the judges to rule as they did.
The handling of the Prop 8 case was so bad that the Federal District Court judge — the "out" homosexual — rebuked the pro-family lawyers for the lack of evidence they presented! It was almost as if the judge had no choice but to rule against us, based on what he had to work with.
Since then, the same losing strategy has been repeated over and over across the country. Similar to the Prop 8 debacle, in some cases it's been so pathetic that the judge almost had no choice but to award the ruling to the homosexual side.
Many conservatives were furious at the nasty manner that Federal Judge Richard Posner slapped down the arguments from the lawyers of Wisconsin and Indiana. The pro-homosexual press certainly had a field day with it. But if you read the reports carefully, you can almost feel a bit of empathy for Posner having to listen to pathetic legal arguments that never went beyond "marriage is a tradition" or that " it's about the welfare of children."
It's especially frustrating to know that there are so many excellent and unassailable (albeit not "politically correct") arguments and facts about homosexual behavior that were never used.
The pro-family lawyers refused to consider using the vast storehouse of medical dangers, diseases, psychological problems, addictions, domestic violence rates, multiple partners, "gay pride" perversions, or suicidal behavior, etc. associated with homosexuality, as counter-arguments. They wouldn't bring up natural law or morality. They certainly would not talk about the emotional trauma suffered by children growing up around homosexual behavior. Nor would they talk about the ex-gay movement (proof that homosexuality is not inborn) and the changes that come with healing.
Instead our side came up with only soft arguments like "every child needs a father and a mother," "marriage is about procreation, " the need to respect "the long history of traditional marriage," and similar blather. In fact, many lawyers on our side accepted civil unions as a reasonable alternative and had no argument against homosexual "parenting" — which made their "mother and father" argument impossible to defend.
Logically speaking, if homosexual behavior is not dangerous and immoral, but simply something we don't prefer, then there is no reason not to let them same-sex couples marry. Our people made their own case virtually unwinnable.
Possibly even worse, they accepted the concept of homosexuals as a "class" of people, which led right into the absurd pro-gay-rights interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment (see above).
The decades-long capitulation of the mainstream pro-family movement
To be fair, the recent legal fight only reflected the ideological decay that has enveloped most of the pro-family movement across America. Though most people probably haven't even noticed it, this has emasculated our movement severely.
Current Massachusetts State Law still describes homosexuality as "the abominable and detestable crime against nature." The Bible has similar exhortations. But you wouldn't know it by looking at how today's mainstream "pro-family" movement in America sidesteps, compromises, and capitulates on the issue.
This problem is most pronounced when you look at in context over time. In the early 1990's the national homosexual movement began pushing an informal list of demands, which they vigorously pursued in nearly all their actions.
Those goals from the early 1990s included:
Tolerance of homosexual behavior in general society
Homosexuality as not immoral, but natural
The concept of loving homosexual couples as a legitimate part of society
Homosexuals as a "class" of people protected in law, not a behavior
Official legal sanctions of homosexual "civil unions" (marriage was to wait until later)
Acceptance of the concept of young "gay students" — who need protection in schools
Acceptance of homosexual couples adopting children
Laws to ban discrimination against homosexuality in the workplace
At the time they seemed outlandish and offensive. But now — incredibly — every one of those demands is accepted in some way (or not publicly challenged) by the mainstream pro-family movement in America.
Furthermore, it is almost impossible to find a pro-family group that will speak publicly against any of those demands; on the contrary, many pro-family groups will rebuke you as "hateful" if you do.
A few examples (out of hundreds we could bring up):
Numerous state and national pro-family groups have publicly supported civil unions and refused to challenge the concept of "gay" adoptions.
The president of a national pro-marriage organization was featured in a video of his visit to the home of notorious anti-Christion hater Dan Savage and his "husband" to show his tolerance of their lifestyle.
In 2009, the founder and then-board member of a national pro-marriage organization told a crowd at Boston College Law School, "It's possible that gay couples could on average be much better parents than opposite-sex couples precisely because they don't have children as a result of sexual passion."
This year, a major theme of the annual rally of a national pro-marriage organization was "tolerance" and showing that we're "not haters."
Recently the largest pro-family group in Utah posted a nasty attack against a longtime Utah pro-family leader because she had described gay parenting as "child abuse."
To our knowledge, no national pro-family conference (generally held in Washington, DC) has had a speaker on homosexual medical issues or the homosexual agenda in the schools.
Much of this comes about because pro-family people are afraid of liberals and don't want to be called names. They want to be seen as "reasonable." They want to be nice. There is a lot of more cowardice in the pro-family movement than most of us would like to admit.
A great deal of this also emanates from a deeply flawed interpretation of Scripture, which puts being "nice" and "loving" on a higher level than stopping evil, protecting children, or even telling the truth. This is the first religious-based movement we know of — certainly in America — that has done that.
We can learn a lot from the emerging pro-family groups in other countries. From Jamaica to Africa to Eastern Europe and beyond, we have seen pro-family groups that are fearless, truthful, and understand the battle very clearly.
And to be fair, there are some U.S. pro-family groups on the state and national level — and many smaller informal groups — that do the right thing. But sadly, they are in the distinct minority.
A misguided grasp of the constitutional role of courts
Can a federal judge re-define marriage years after a state's voters have had their say? Does the US Constitution give the federal government authority over this kind of issue? Many feel that it's a ridiculous idea and an unbelievable stretch constitutionally.
In fact, the framers of the US Constitution and most state constitutions intended for the courts to have very narrow powers, usually limited to disputes over a case at hand. They did not want judges to be able to act as unelected dictators, creating, changing, and removing laws as they pleased, and re-defining basic terms or changing their intent. Judges have always been known to be imperfect, and are often swayed by emotion, the political climate, and egotism. The infamous Dred Scott decision is often brought up as an example, but there many others.
Within hours of the October 6 notification by the Supreme Court, top public officials (including some "conservative" Republicans) in Colorado, Wisconsin, Indiana, Utah, and Virginia declared that gay marriage was now "the law of the land" (or similar rhetoric) and announced that they would immediately begin to comply. In other states, officials are holding back.
It brings back memories of 2004 when then-Governor Mitt Romney of Massachusetts was passionately advised by numerous legal commentators around the country to push back and not extend the Goodridge "gay marriage" ruling to the entire state. There was no legal requirement for him to do anything, they argued. But instead, Romney declared that "it's the law now" and went ahead and began implementing "gay marriage."
Indeed, many scholars have argued that courts' rulings outside of their particular cases are not "law" and officials are not compelled to treat them as general law. Furthermore, what we have now are simply more "Dred Scott" types of decisions by a federal judiciary that is out of control. State officials and citizens must look at it in that light.
In your face: Last summer left-wing Boston officials raised the rainbow flag over City Hall to celebrate ten years of "gay marriage" in Massachusetts. But what if the Governor had simply said "no" back in 2004?
In the context of history one can't overstate how insane the actions of the federal courts have been in their "gay marriage" revolution. They are declaring the equivalent of 1 + 1 = 3, that the fictional construct of "gay marriage" (with its nonsensical label "marriage equality") not only exists but must be recognized by an unwilling citizenry.
We have all suffered because pro-family groups, religious groups, and legal groups have too often taken the easy road and have abandoned their moral obligation to tell the truth. It saddens us to have to say that so bluntly, but it's true.
A refocusing of our movement, at least by those willing to take on the battle, must take place.
NEXT: What we all must do.


text:
Rangel complained Tuesday that the trial committee was unfair because it refused to delay the proceeding and give him time to raise money to hire new attorneys. But he also turned his attention to the possible punishment he could face.
"I can only hope that the full committee will treat me more fairly and take into account my entire 40 years of service to the Congress before making any decisions on sanctions," Rangel said.
For Rangel, who is 80 and has served in the House for 40 years, the last eight months have been especially difficult.
In early spring, he relinquished his chairmanship after the ethics committee — in an unrelated case — found he improperly allowed corporations to pay for two trips to the Caribbean.
He then sought unsuccessfully to have his trial in the current case be held before his contested primary. The ethics committee refused, although Rangel won.
But on Monday, he no longer wanted a quick resolution to the case. He pleaded — again unsuccessfully — with the jury panel for time to start a legal defense fund. His previous defense team, Rangel said, abandoned him after he paid them some $2 million but could not afford an estimated $1 million more to keep fighting the case.
Rangel's downfall, in part, came in the way he solicited money for a New York college center designed as a monument to him. There also was his decade of misleading annual disclosures of his income and assets and his use of a subsidized New York apartment — designated for residential use — as a campaign office.
The conduct often cited by critics was his failure to report income to the IRS from a unit he owned in a Dominican Republic resort — showing the chairman in charge of tax legislation had shortchanged the IRS.
Written by LARRY MARGASAK, Associated Press

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Actionscript, accessing JSON objects dymically I am using JSON.parse(event.target.data) to load JSON data into an object.
I then access this object like this
jsonObj.product_1.title

Is it possible to dynamically set "product_1" so I can iterate through a loop for each product.
I am able to do this if each tree of the object has no name, as they can be accessed using [0], but once they have a name I seem to have to use the name.
I am trying to get to
jsonObj.[0].title
jsonObj.[1].title
jsonObj.[2].title

or
jsonObj.["product_1"].title
jsonObj.["product_2"].title
jsonObj.["product_3"].title

and so on.

A: Your jsonObj.["product_1"].title is very close, just remove the . before the [:
jsonObj["product_1"].title

Note that the string you're using there can be the result of any expression, including a variable lookup.
In JavaScript and ActionScript, you can access an object property with dot notation and a literal property name (obj.foo), or with brackets notation and a string property name (obj["foo"]).*
So for instance:
var n:Number = 0;
while (jsonObj["product_" + n]) {
    // Do something with `jsonObj["product_" + n].title`
    ++n;
}

* JavaScript also now has Symbol property names which you also use brackets with, but that's not germane here.

A: You have an Associative Array (Dictionary/Map) and you can iterator the array's items via for in and for each in statements.
Define Associative Array:
var foodBasket:Object = {apple:"Red", orange:"Orange", corn:"Yellow"};

for in iterate-based on the key:
for (var veggie:Object in foodBasket) {
   trace(veggie, foodBasket[veggie] );
}

key iterate output:
[trace] corn Yellow
[trace] apple Red
[trace] orange Orange

for each in iterate-based on value, not key:
for each (var color:Object in foodBasket)
{
   trace(color);
}

value iterate output:
[trace] Yellow
[trace] Red
[trace] Orange

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do Faraday's gold colloidal solutions still exist?
The Royal Institution seems to claim that they still possess some of Faraday's original gold colloids: "These liquids are some of the first examples of metallic gold colloids, made by Michael Faraday over 150 years ago."
However, in a publication in Gold Bulletin (D. Thompson, Gold Bull. 2007, 40(4), 267-269.), the following is stated: "Faraday's original gold colloids were very stable and at least one example survived until the second World War, when it was accidentally destroyed by enemy action [...]."
Hi Martin. I'm afraid David Thompson is a little mistaken. We have multiple examples of Faraday colloids with the evidence to prove their provenance. We have over 10 samples and a further 700+ slides of his colloidal solutions which have been fixed to glass.
Please note that I haven't seen the sample myself!
However, the Royal Institution claims that a bottle with the collidal gold solution is on display at Michael Faraday's Magnetic Laboratory (see bottle at the bottom of the image) in the museum of the Royal Institution.
This might be nitpicking and English isn't my native language, but David Thompson does not explicitly state in his article in Gold Bulletin that all samples are lost.
It had long been known that some of Faraday's gold colloids survive from the 1856 research: Four bottles of these are on display at the Royal Institution in London […]. These few colloids are all that survive of many dozens referred to in the Diary.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged history-of-chemistry colloids or ask your own question.
Why is gold sol used for intra-muscular injection?
If Mendelev hadn't put the periodic table in its current order, would it still have been made popular?
Any example of colloidal solution where liquid Helium is solvent?
How were silver and gold separated using the salt cementation process?
Does MgCl2 sol coagulate gold sol faster than Fe(OH)3 sol?


Shivaratri, to me, has always been about evening walk to Pashupati, Shivaji's Prasad, Babaji, bonfire, street vendors and flow of the human crowd. I remember a time, years ago when the public was allowed to enter the premises of Pashupati on Shivaratri without any restrictions. I remember going to Pashupati for an evening stroll with my family. Maa used to bargain for falam ko bhada while I and my siblings compelled Baba to buy us colorful Murali (flute), balloons and cotton candy.
We still follow our Shivaratri ritual but this year, unlike me, everyone in my family already had something planned out. Maa was complaining about having to go to work even on a holiday while my brother left early for some volunteer work he was doing at Pashupati. My younger sister was also all dressed up to go to Pashupati with her friends. I stayed home and did some household chores. Since the time I have been engaged in a 9 to 5 job, I have come to realize the beauty of staying home doing nothing.
Earlier this afternoon, while I was onto some sun basking, I saw a guy staring at me. This guy was one of the construction workers in the house next to mine. I tried to ignore him for a while, but he was still looking. In a situation like this, I have come up with a strategy to look right back at them in anger until their prying eyes look away. Well, the strategy did work for a while but when I looked away, he would be staring again.
A similar incident had happened to me a few days ago when I caught another guy (another construction worker) staring through my window. Due to boiling anger, I had absentmindedly blown a punch in the air with an annoyed expression and then closed the curtain (feeling Sunny Deol u know! lol :P).
Getting back to Shivaratri…me and my friends did go for an evening walk today. The excitement of seeing cotton candy, balloon and colorful flute in the streets during Shivaratri was just as it used to be when I was a kid. Another thing that has remained the same is the harassment women have to face during Shivaratri. While walking on the crowded street, especially in and around the Pashupati area, staring, 'accidentally' pushing, touching, making explicit comments and laughing are completely normal for the perpetrators and I don't think there would be a single woman who has not been through a similar experience.
Eve teasing or catcalling is an offensive act and a form of harassment. Women are always at risk, be it in a public vehicle, streets, or any other public place. I myself have been a victim of it, which has caused me mental distress for a long time. In such situation, we usually tend to just gulp down the anger in shame and embarrassment and not speak out against it, fearing the consequences of our action. Since the government also does not have a strong law against eve teasing in Nepal, a woman who is confident enough to fight back is instead blamed for her appearance. It is a lame excuse because how a woman chooses to dress is not the cause, but a sick minded man is.
Every time women have such bitter experience, we start to think it might have been our fault and some might even wish they were born a man. We also have the 'should've..', 'could've..' moments later on when we realize the things we must have said and done at that time.
It's high time we stop compromising and start fighting against any form of violence or harassment against women. Though I myself am not a fight-back type, this women's day I make a pledge to speak out and not keep the suffering to myself. Women should get the respect they deserve and not be mistreated in any way, anywhere, be it in their home, public place or workplace. The society and state should ensure support from their level for ending any form of violence against women and men. Men and women should be made aware of gender-based violence and gender equality starting from their schools through education because only with the foundation of education and awareness, empowerment is possible.
Let us raise our voices to stop violence against women and men because the power of change is in our hands!


text:
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In 2015, the communities of Presbyterian Senior Living provided more than $29.7 million in benevolent support to residents that outlived their financial resources. That figure represents approximately 30% of our residents living in long term personal and skilled nursing care.
Whether it's a campaign for a wheelchair accessible minivan, a new Aquatic and Fitness Center, or renovations to our health centers, these gifts have an immediate impact within our communities. In addition, your financial contribution enables us to continue providing top-quality care to residents who have outlived their resources. We're serious about keeping our commitment to the people we serve.
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There are many ways you can give back and make a difference in the lives of others, including gifts you make today, gifts that pay you income, and gifts that make an impact after your lifetime. Learn about all the giving options available to you.
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To discuss how your gift can make a significant and meaningful difference, contact Paul Cercone, Administrator, at (610) 250-5002 or email: pcercone@psl.org. You can also contact Mission Support at (717) 502-8871 to learn more about the broad array of donor opportunities within our organization.
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Hỗ trợ ngôn ngữ có sẵn theo yêu cầu. Để được hỗ trợ, vui lòng liên hệ với cộng đồng bằng cách sử dụng thông tin bên dưới.
Call/Llamar:


text:
Ornitologia:
 Milana o milà (au) (gènere Milvus)
 Milà reial (M. milvus)
 Milà negre (M. migrans)
 Milana voltonera (Circus aeruginosus)
 Milana voltonera o aufrany (Neophron percnopterus)
 Ictiologia:
Milana (rajada) (Myliobatis aquila), espècie de rajada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to fetch the value and type of each column of each row in a dataframe? How can I convert a dataframe to a tuple that includes the datatype for each column?
I have a number of dataframes with varying sizes and types.  I need to be able to determine the type and value of each column and row of a given dataframe so I can perform some actions that are type-dependent.
So for example say I have a dataframe that looks like:
+-------+-------+
|  foo  |  bar  |
+-------+-------+
| 12345 | fnord |
|    42 |   baz |
+-------+-------+

I need to get
Seq(
  (("12345", "Integer"), ("fnord", "String")),
  (("42", "Integer"), ("baz", "String"))
)

or something similarly simple to iterate over and work with programmatically.
Thanks in advance and sorry for what is, I'm sure, a very noobish question.

A: If I understand your question correct, then following shall be your solution.
  val df = Seq(
    (12345, "fnord"),
    (42, "baz"))
    .toDF("foo", "bar")

This creates dataframe which you already have.
+-----+-----+
|  foo|  bar|
+-----+-----+
|12345|fnord|
|   42|  baz|
+-----+-----+

Next step is to extract dataType from the schema of the dataFrame and create a iterator.
val fieldTypesList = df.schema.map(struct => struct.dataType)

Next step is to convert the dataframe rows into rdd list and map each value to dataType from the list created above
  val dfList = df.rdd.map(row => row.toString().replace("[","").replace("]","").split(",").toList)
  val tuples = dfList.map(list => list.map(value => (value, fieldTypesList(list.indexOf(value)))))

Now if we print it
tuples.foreach(println)

It would give
List((12345,IntegerType), (fnord,StringType))
List((42,IntegerType), (baz,StringType))

Which you can iterate over and work with programmatically


text:
public:
						 EnterFilter (BHandler *handler);
virtual filter_result	 Filter (BMessage *message, BHandler **target);

private:
BHandler				*fHandler;
};

EnterFilter::EnterFilter (BHandler *handler)
: BMessageFilter (B_PROGRAMMED_DELIVERY, B_ANY_SOURCE, B_KEY_DOWN)
{
	fHandler = handler;
}

filter_result EnterFilter::Filter (BMessage *message, BHandler **target)
{
	//message->PrintToStream();
	//printf ("to: %s\n", (*target)->Name());
	int32 raw_char;
	if (message->FindInt32 ("raw_char", &raw_char) == B_OK)
	{
		if (raw_char == B_ENTER || raw_char == B_TAB)
		{
			// printf ("ENTER or TAB\n");
			*target = fHandler;
		}
	}
	return B_DISPATCH_MESSAGE;
}

Dial::Dial (BRect frame, const char *name, int type, BMessage *msg)
{
	get_click_speed (&dcspeed);
	click = 1;
	tc = NULL;
	strcpy (fName, name);
	fType = type;
}

Dial::~Dial ()
{
	delete msg;
}

void Dial::MouseDown (BPoint point)
{
}

void Dial::Draw (BRect update)
{
	SetLowColor (LightGrey);
	SetHighColor (DarkGrey);
	FillRect (Bounds(), B_SOLID_LOW);
	if (fType == DIAL_360)
	{
		StrokeEllipse (bounds)
	}
	else
	{
	}
}

void Dial::AttachedToWindow ()
{
	inherited::AttachedToWindow();
}

void Dial::MessageReceived (BMessage *msg)
{
}

void Dial::KeyDown (const char *bytes, int32 numBytes)
{
}

void Dial::MakeFocus (bool focused)
{
	inherited::MakeFocus (focused);
	Invalidate();
}

float Dial::Value ()
{
	return fValue;
}

void Dial::SetValue (float _v)
{
	fValue = _v;
	Invalidate();
}

void Dial::NotifyTarget ()
{
	BMessage *changed = new BMessage (fMsg);
	changed->AddFloat ("value", value);
	//printf ("%f\n", value);
	Window()->Lock();
	Parent()->MessageReceived (changed);
	Window()->Unlock();
	delete changed;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Madison – State Representative David Crowley (Milwaukee) has been appointed to serve as a member of the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA) Board of Directors.
Crowley, a lifelong resident of the city of Milwaukee, was elected in 2016 to the Wisconsin Assembly's 17th District that encompasses much of Milwaukee's northwest side. Currently the ranking member on the Assembly Criminal Justice and Public Safety Committee, Crowley also serves as Chair of the Wisconsin Legislative Black Caucus as well as Chair of the Milwaukee Democratic Legislative Caucus.
WHEDA board members include the Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Administration (or designee), the CEO of the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, and six public members nominated by the governor and appointed by the state Senate. In addition, one state senator of each party and one representative to the state assembly of each party serve on the WHEDA board. Members serve staggered four-year terms.
For over 45 years, WHEDA, as an independent state authority, has provided low-cost financing for housing and small business development in Wisconsin. Since 1972, WHEDA has financed more than 73,000 affordable rental units, helped more than 129,600 families purchase a home and made more than 29,000 small business and agricultural loan guarantees. For more information on WHEDA programs, visit wheda.com or call 800-334-6873.


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Catholic Funeral Clearwater FL 33769
In addition, funeral processions have no special rights of way on roundabouts or at traffic lights. There are no concessions to following vehicles that risk losing contact with the hearse or the car in front and not finding their way to the cemetery or crematorium. It really is a tough business. It's very difficult to balance compassion and sympathy with your need to be paid for your services. is perhaps the most difficult act of heroism you can perform. We also provide complete pre-arrangement options, for peace of mind and to make sure your personal desires are known and honored. Sig Wassink, 82, Minot, died on Sunday, June 26, 2016 in a Minot hospital. TARC buses will provide free rides on all routes for passengers with tickets. Clearwater FL 33769. Speaking of which, if you haven't seen this teaser yet, now's the time to see it and get excited!) In the meantime, we'd like to thank each and every one of you who've supported us during this past year. Pallbearers include Johnny Hartline, Allen Hartline, Brian Richardson, Chris Meeler, Landon Crumbley, Brad Mackey. Honorary pallbearers will be Robert Hartline and R. Looking at the photos, it seems to me that they are probably medical students with their cadavers rather than morticians in training, due to the level of dissection we see in the images. As we move around the show and look at some of the big introductions with Mercedes-Benz with the GLE, the RX for Lexus, I think that's an important one to watch since that really defined that segment.
Saturday, July 2 2016 8:50 PM EDT2016-07-03 00:50:02 GMT Many people are not prepared for the eventuality of death that they often do not have a will that is ready. The reality is that the will is an important part of the grieving process, not only because it serves as the last expression of the deceased, but it can also be used to help family, relatives, and friends, to find closure, especially if the death comes in an untimely manner or through an accident. Our staff will support and guide you in creating an exceptional service, allowing family and friends to come together, to honour, to support each other and to celebrate a life that has been lived. In some states, licensure for funeral directors and embalmers is separate. In school, Endy played active basketball and football and joined the JROTC in 9th grade. He attended Hofstra University, New York, where he graduated with degrees in Psychology and Sociology (2008); and University of Maryland, where he obtained an MBA and a master's in Criminal Justice (2015). Catholic Funeral Clearwater
We offer San Diego Pet Cremation as well as in Riverside County. We are available 24 hours, 7 days a week to answer any questions you may have. Copyright 2013-2016 Legacy Cremation & Funeral Services Privacy Policy Cremation typically costs one-third of the cost of a traditional burial. While it's true that cost is a big factor for many families, it's important to remember that cremation is only one part of providing meaningful end-of-life care for a loved one.
There is no requirement to hold a body for a period of time before burial. Burial can take place as soon as a permit is issued and the cemetery is ready. Hire top exotic sport cars which include some of the best sportcars in the world such as the Ferrari Enzo, Ferrai 599 GTB, Lamborghini Murcielago, Lamborghini Furia and Reventon, Porsche 911 Boxer and others. Outside, thousands more souls rested in a cemetery. The groom wore an old-fashioned undertaker's suit. A cosmetologist who usually works on the dead did Susie's make-up. Nearly everyone in attendance is a blind blues man, one of whom walks into an open grave. Catholic Funeral Clearwater It was with this need in mind, that this resource website, , was started. Regardless of your Christian background, affiliation, or denomination, people who suffer the loss of a loved all need the comfort that comes through God's Word and especially at the memorial service where people gather to celebrate the life of a loved one or friend and to hear what the servant of Christ has to say.
A credit card is required to reserve an appointment time. Appointments canceled within 60 minutes of the scheduled arrival time may incur a cancelation fee. We operate one of the UK's leading independent funeral plans comparison sites for funeral pre-planning options, helping you compare funeral plans. A bum boat carrying a tribute to Mr Lee Kuan Yew. (There is no need for members of the public to take a boat to pay their respects. If the seasons teach us anything, it is that death does not have the last word. Death is not the end. Beyond our veil of tears there is another life, another world. Modern and muted mix with hints of glamour inside a couple's Pacific Heights manse. Read More
All charges are itemized on the goods and services statement in accordance with our General Price List. Similar to the picture certain other features remains the same, while the feelings expressed differ in one funeral program to other. This is generally forbidden in public places and is restricted by law. The Catholic Church accepts cremation as long as it is not chosen for reasons that are contrary to Christian teachings. Some people believe that cremation is against the teachings of the Bible, but according to one famous Biblical scholar, "what occurs to the body after death has no bearing on the soul's resurrection. It's weird how things work out. Some people call it fate, some call it a plan. I think things happen for a reason" While we are thankful she is finally at peace, the tragedy lies in having a life cut short before she could enjoy more time with those she loved most.
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A better option to Funeral Insurance Interest accounts with guaranteed returns Catholic Funeral Clearwater FL 33769 Kim and June. Deeply regretted by her loving children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, nephews, nieces, son-in-law, daughters-in-law, relatives and friends. Go to the pricing page and casket selection pages for information on what is or is not required for cremation. He also wanted them to know that death was not the end and that he was now in heaven. This Christian asked me to focus the sermon on heaven.
The service offerings our professional staff provides include: embalming, transportation of human remains, funeral livery, cremations, graveside services, worldwide shipping services, and refrigeration. Some families believe that personalizing any funeral service is difficult, it's not. With cremation it is very easy to create a setting that represents a loved one's family, hobbies, community involvements, and career. It is a business. There is money to be made, and lots of it. Some are in the business of helping people, and many are in the business of getting rich. Simplicity San Antonio Funeral Homes are Here to Help Funeral arrangements announced for fallen Pa. state trooper The NAFD has issued a statement in response calling into question some highly inflammatory and unsubstantiated remarks made in the report' - read it here Wilbert G. Mills, entered eternal rest on May 8, 2016. Wilbert was born on April 8, 1949 in Taylor, Texas to Mr. Welford Mack Mills View full obituary
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In ancient times, Armenia and Mesopotamia used to be neighbors. Herodotus documents how Armenians would use unique floatation devices to navigate the Tigris/Euphrates Rivers to reach the city of Babylon. There, they would trade and then return home. Of course, today, due to historical circumstances, the borders between the two nations/regions have dramatically changed. However, Babylon (the restaurant) changes that. Essentially, the restaurant creates a culinary bridge between two ancient neighbors.
Babylon offers a wide array of Iraqi, Middle Eastern and Armenian food items. Most notably, the restaurant serves this incredible fish dish called Masgouf (pictured above). It is the national food of Iraq and one that has been prepared and consumed since the times of ancient Sumer. Honestly, it is quite a spectacle to witness: a splayed fish impaled by steaks in sand and slow cooked over an open fire. The smokiness of the wood it is cooked near is both satisfying and rich. Other menu items are great as well, especially the desserts. They also prepare wonderful tea.
Enough said. I am getting hungry. For a truly is a unique dinning experience, give this place a shot!


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Les rapports entre les ordres juridiques en Russie
P. 1735-1750.
Filatova Maria, Baudoin M.
The Chapter deals with main issues of relations of the Russian legal order with the external ones, including the background of the international law in Russia; its current status,the role of the highest courts in the interaction with supranational legal orders and main issues that arise in connection with them. The analysis is given of the recent case-law of the Russian Constitutional Court in this area and main trends of its development.
Full text (PDF, 410 Kb)
Keywords: legal orderinternational lawconstitutional lawConstitutional Court of RussiaCourt of the Eurasian Economic UnionEuropean Court of Human Rights
In book
Traité des rapports entre ordres juridiques
Filatova M. P.: LGDJ, 2016.
Свобода выражения мнения, предпринимательство и недобросовестная конкуренция
Соболева А. К. Цивилист. 2011. № 4. С. 54-58.
Article contains analysis of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on freedom of expression, in which the Court had to balance public interest against the protection of commercial structures from unfair competition or injury to their business reputation.
"Aspetti giuridici del BRICS". Atti del seminario scientifico di San Pietroburgo.
Alexeeva T. A. In bk.: Roma e America. Diritto romano comune. Modena: Stem Mucchi Editore, 2013. P. 257-258.
The article deals with results of the scientific seminar on "Legal Aspects of the BRICS", held in St. Petersburg with the participation of law professors from universities in the BRICS countries. They are represented in the collection of articles with the same title. The author presents the conclusion about the necessity of comparative studies of legal systems of the BRICS countries for the successful cooperation in the framework of the BRICS group, notes the potential of a harmonization of the legal regulation of all spheres of cooperation, besides of the use of the international law.
The Eurasian Economic Union: An EU-Like Legal Order in the Post-Soviet Space?
Karliuk M. Law. LAW. Высшая школа экономики, 2015. No. WP BRP 53/LAW/2015.
The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is an emerging regional organization of economic integration in the post-Soviet space. Following the limited success of previous integration attempts, it seeks to pursue deeper integration, borrowing features from the EU. The EAEU possesses a complex system of elements of an emerging legal order, some of which have distinct similarities with the EU, but others are decisively different. This paper analyses these features in order to find whether the legal changes that accompany the creation of the new entity allow ensuring the effective functioning of the EAEU and whether the respective legal order is autonomous similar to that of the EU. The author argues that the EAEU lags behind the EU in terms of the autonomy of the legal order and in its ability to ensure the effective functioning of the organization. Supranational features are limited, while it relies predominantly on intergovernmental elements with a view to preserve the interests of all Member States.
Constitutional Law in Russia
Bogdanovskaya I. J., Vassilieva T. Alphen aan den Rijn: Walters Kluwer, 2012.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this very useful analysis of constitutional law in Russia provides essential information on the country's sources of constitutional law, its form of government, and its administrative structure. Lawyers who handle transnational matters will appreciate the clarifications of particular terminology and its application. Throughout the book, the treatment emphasizes the specific points at which constitutional law affects the interpretation of legal rules and procedure.
Thorough coverage by a local expert fully describes the political system, the historical background, the role of treaties, legislation, jurisprudence, and administrative regulations. The discussion of the form and structure of government outlines its legal status, the jurisdiction and workings of the central state organs, the subdivisions of the state, its decentralized authorities, and concepts of citizenship. Special issues include the legal position of aliens, foreign relations, taxing and spending powers, emergency laws, the power of the military, and the constitutional relationship between church and state. Details are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance.
Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable time-saving tool for both practising and academic jurists. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Russia will welcome this guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative constitutional law.
Международные институты защиты прав человека. Система ООН: Учебное пособие
Барандова Т. Л. СПб.: НОРМА, 2010.
Theoretical Issues of Sovereignty in Russia
Antonov M. Law. LAW. Высшая школа экономики, 2012. No. 02.
This paper studies the background and guidelines of discussions about the concept of sovereignty and its limits. The paper begins with a short historical analysis of the processes that took place in Soviet Russia that led to the "parade of sovereignties" in the early 1990s. Afterwards, the author sketches the different approaches and doctrines upheld by the Constitutional Court of Russia in several decisions concerning sovereignty problems. The paper focuses on the vertical dimension of sovereignty, i.e. on different conceptions adopted by the federal and regional powers in postSoviet Russia regarding the legal status of the member-republics of the Russian Federation. The development of the doctrine of the Constitutional Court of Russia in this matter is quite illustrative as to the legal arguments used to protect the integrity of the Russian Federation against the diverse disintegrative strategies pursued by the regions.
Международно-правовое регулирование социального обеспечения
Черняева Д. В. В кн.: Право социального обеспечения. Учебное пособие для вузов. М.: Юрайт, 2013. Гл. 15. С. 430-473.
This Chapter is devoted to the study of the emergence and development of the international regulation of social security, its modern scope and specifics, as well as basic international principles, rights and freedoms in this sphere.
Mission Of The Order Of Malta As A Subject Of International Law In The 21st Century
Ivanov E. A. Law. LAW. Высшая школа экономики, 2014. No. WP BRP 40/LAW/2014.
The Order of Malta became a subject of international law with the emergence of classical international law in the 16th century and the concept of international legal personality and since that period has always been recognised as such. However, the form of its existence has undergone a number of transformations. Today, the Order of Malta constitutes a unique subject and the nature of its international legal personality represents a great scientific and practical interest. The author is of the opinion that both theories of recognition which exist in the doctrine of international law, i.e. the declarative and constitutive theories, apply to the status of the Order of Malta. This paper analyses the nature of international legal personality and the mission of the Order of Malta as a subject of international law in the 21st century. Special attention is paid to the Constitution, the Government and the judicial system of the Order of Malta, as well as cooperation between the Order and the Russian Federation.
Конституализация уголовного законодательства Российс кой Федерации
Савюк Л. К. В кн.: Новейшие IT-технологии: модернизация аграрного образования и внедрения инноваций в АПК. Материалы международной научно-практической конференции 1-3 июля 2011 г.. Якутск: ГОУ ДПО РС (Я) «ИРОиПК», 2011. С. 172-179.
Материалы III Международной научно-практической конференции "Тамбовские правовые чтения им. Ф.Н. Плевако"
Edited by: В. Стромов Т. 1. Тамбов: Издательский дом «Державинский», 2019.
Collection contains publications of the conference members from Belarus, Uzbekistan, Serbia, Russia and other countries, of public authorities and non-commercial entities, young scientists, students and candidates for a master's degree. It considers new theoretical and empiric materials of theoretical-cognitive, analytical, practice-oriented nature. The material could be considered in practical, research and educational activities, as well as a recommended supplementary material for independent study. Articles of the conference members are published in author's edition.
Метод конституционного права и конституционная экономика
Мазаев В. Д. Сравнительное конституционное обозрение. 2010. № 2(75). С. 64-69.


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Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management
Living Edition
| Editors: Samuel Idowu, René Schmidpeter, Nicholas Capaldi, Liangrong Zu, Mara Del Baldo, Rute Abreu
Control-Enhancing Mechanisms (CEMs)
Sara Saggese
Living reference work entry
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_879-1
Control-cash flow divergence mechanisms; Disproportional ownership mechanisms; Mechanisms of separation between ownership and control; Ownership structures
Control-enhancing mechanisms (also called CEMs) identify the governance devices responsible for increasing the corporate control (Lin 2017; Saggese et al. 2016). Such mechanisms foster the deviation from the proportionality principle (i.e., "one share-one vote" rule – OSOV rule) between cash flow rights and voting rights (Adams and Ferreira 2008; Burkart and Lee 2008; Grossman and Hart 1988) and concentrate the firm control in the hands of a limited group of shareholders (i.e., blockholders/majority shareholders) (Deminor Rating 2005; Institutional Shareholder Services 2007).
It is worth noting that the proportionality principle postulates that one share should imply the right to exercise one vote in order to allow the effective allocation of company resources by properly aligning ownership rights and risks to...
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1.Department of Economics, Management, InstitutionsUniversity of Naples "Federico II"NaplesItaly
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Изото́пы плутония — разновидности атомов (и ядер) химического элемента плутония, имеющие разное содержание нейтронов в ядре. Плутоний не имеет стабильных изотопов. Следы плутония-244 были обнаружены в природе. Самым долгоживущим изотопом является 244Pu с периодом полураспада 80 млн лет.

Из изотопов плутония на данный момент известно о существовании его 20 нуклидов с массовыми числами 228—247. Только 4 из них нашли своё применение. Свойства изотопов имеют некоторую характерную особенность, по которой можно судить об их дальнейшем изучении — чётные изотопы имеют бо́льшие периоды полураспада, чем нечётные (однако данное предположение относится только к менее важным его нуклидам).

Министерство энергетики США делит смеси плутония на три вида:
 оружейный плутоний (содержащий не менее 94 % изотопа 239Pu)
 топливный плутоний (от 7 до 18 % 240Pu) и
 реакторный плутоний (содержание 240Pu более 18 %)
Термин «сверхчистый плутоний» используется для описания смеси изотопов плутония, в которых содержатся 2—3 процента 240Pu.

Всего два изотопа этого элемента (239Pu и 241Pu) являются более способными к ядерному делению, нежели остальные; более того, это единственные изотопы, которые подвергаются ядерному делению при действии тепловых нейтронов. Среди продуктов взрыва термоядерных бомб обнаружены также 247Рu и 255Рu, периоды полураспада которых несоизмеримо малы.

Таблица изотопов плутония

Пояснения к таблице

 Индексами 'm', 'n', 'p' (рядом с символом) обозначены возбужденные изомерные состояния нуклида.

 Символами, выделенными жирным шрифтом, обозначены стабильные продукты распада. Символами, выделенными жирным курсивом, обозначены радиоактивные продукты распада, имеющие периоды полураспада, сравнимые с возрастом Земли или превосходящие его и вследствие этого присутствующие в природной смеси.

 Значения, помеченные решёткой (#), получены не из одних лишь экспериментальных данных, а (хотя бы частично) оценены из систематических трендов у соседних нуклидов (с такими же соотношениями  и ). Неуверенно определённые значения спина и/или чётности заключены в скобки.

 Погрешность приводится в виде числа в скобках, выраженного в единицах последней значащей цифры, означает одно стандартное отклонение (за исключением распространённости и стандартной атомной массы изотопа по данным ИЮПАК, для которых используется более сложное определение погрешности). Примеры: 29770,6(5) означает 29770,6 ± 0,5; 21,48(15) означает 21,48 ± 0,15; −2200,2(18) означает −2200,2 ± 1,8.

Изотопы и синтез

Известны около 20 изотопов плутония, все они радиоактивны. Наиболее долгоживущие изотопы — плутоний-244, с периодом полураспада 80,8 млн лет; плутоний-242 — 372 300 лет; плутоний-239 — 24 110 лет, плутоний-240 — 6560 лет, плутоний-238 — 87 лет, плутоний-241 — 14 лет. Все остальные изотопы имеют период полураспада меньше 3 лет. Этот элемент имеет 8 метастабильных состояний, периоды полураспада этих изомеров не превышают 1 с.

Массовое число известных изотопов элемента варьируется от 228 до 247. Все они испытывают один или несколько типов радиоактивного распада:
 электронный захват (и, при достаточной энергии, позитронный бета-распад) с образованием изотопов нептуния;
 бета-минус-распад с образованием изотопов америция;
 альфа-распад с образованием изотопов урана;
 спонтанное деление с образованием широкого спектра дочерних изотопов элементов из средней части периодической таблицы, многие из которых −-активны.

Основным каналом распада наиболее лёгких изотопов плутония (с 228 по 231) является альфа-распад, хотя канал электронного захвата для них также открыт. Основным каналом распада лёгких изотопов плутония (с 232 по 235 включительно) является электронный захват, с ним конкурирует альфа-распад. Основными каналами радиоактивного распада изотопов с массовыми числами между 236 и 244 (кроме 237, 241 и 243) являются альфа-распад и (с меньшей вероятностью) спонтанное деление. Основным каналом распада изотопов плутония, массовые числа которых превосходят 244 (а также 243Pu и 241Pu), является бета-минус-распад в изотопы америция (95 протонов). Плутоний-241 является членом «вымершего» радиоактивного ряда нептуния.

Бета-стабильными (то есть испытывающими лишь распады с изменением массового числа) являются изотопы с массовыми числами 236, 238, 239, 240, 242, 244.

Синтез плутония
Плутоний в промышленных масштабах получается двумя путями:
 облучением урана (см. реакцию ниже), содержащегося в ядерных реакторах;
 облучением в реакторах трансурановых элементов, выделенных из отработанного топлива.

После облучения в обоих случаях выполняется отделение химическими способами плутония от урана, трансурановых элементов и продуктов деления.

Плутоний-238

Плутоний-238, использующийся в радиоизотопных генераторах энергии, лабораторно может синтезироваться в обменной (d, 2n)-реакции на уране-238:

В данном процессе дейтрон попадает в ядро урана-238, в результате чего образуется нептуний-238 и два нейтрона. Далее нептуний-238 испытывает бета-минус-распад в плутоний-238. Именно в этой реакции был впервые получен плутоний (1941, Сиборг). Однако она неэкономична. В промышленности плутоний-238 получают двумя путями:
 выделением из облучённого ядерного топлива (в смеси с другими изотопами плутония, разделение которых очень дорого), поэтому чистый плутоний-238 таким методом не нарабатывается
 с помощью нейтронного облучения в реакторах нептуния-237.

Цена одного килограмма плутония-238 составляет примерно 1 млн долларов США.

Плутоний-239

Плутоний-239, делящийся изотоп, используемый в ядерном оружии и в ядерной энергетике, промышленно синтезируется в ядерных реакторах (в том числе в энергетических как побочный продукт) с помощью следующей реакции при участии ядер урана и нейтронов с помощью бета-минус-распада и с участием изотопов нептуния как промежуточного продукта распада:

Нейтроны, излучаемые при делении урана-235, захватываются ураном-238 с образованием урана-239; затем через цепочку двух β−-распадов образуются нептуний-239 и далее плутоний-239. Сотрудники засекреченной британской группы Tube Alloys, которые занимались изучением плутония во время Второй мировой войны, предсказали существование данной реакции в 1940 г.

Тяжёлые изотопы плутония

Более тяжёлые изотопы нарабатываются в реакторах из 239Pu по цепочке последовательных нейтронных захватов, каждый из которых увеличивает массовое число нуклида на единицу.

Свойства некоторых изотопов
Изотопы плутония претерпевают радиоактивный распад, вследствие которого выделяется тепловая энергия. Разные изотопы излучают разное количество тепла. Тепловыделение обычно записывается в пересчёте на Вт/кг или мВт/кг. В случаях, когда плутоний присутствует в больших количествах и нет теплоотвода, тепловая энергия может расплавить содержащий плутоний материал.

Все изотопы плутония способны к ядерному делению (при воздействии нейтрона) и излучают γ-частицы.

Плутоний-236 был найден в плутониевой фракции, полученной из природного урана, при измерении радиоизлучения которой наблюдался пробег α-частиц, равный 4,35 см (что соответствует 5,75 МэВ). Было установлено, что данная группа относилась к изотопу 236Pu, образующемуся благодаря реакции 235U(α,3n)236Pu. Позднее было обнаружено, что возможны такие реакции, как: 237Np(a, p4n)236Pu; 237Np(α,5n)236Am → () 236Pu. В настоящее время его получают благодаря взаимодействию дейтрона с ядром урана-235. Изотоп образуется благодаря α-излучателю  (T½ 27 сут) и β-излучателя  (T½ 22 ч). Плутоний-236 является альфа-излучателем, способным к спонтанному делению. Скорость самопроизвольного деления составляет 5,8 делений на 1 г/ч, что соответствует периоду полураспада для этого процесса — 3,5 лет.

Плутоний-238 имеет интенсивность самопроизвольного деления 1,1 делений/(с·кг), что в 2,6 раза больше 240Pu, и очень высокую тепловую мощность: 567 Вт/кг. Изотоп обладает очень сильным альфа-излучением (при воздействии на него нейтронов), которое в 283 раза сильнее 239Pu, что делает его более серьёзным источником нейтронов при реакции α → n. Содержание плутония-238 редко когда превышает 1 % от общего состава плутония, однако излучение нейтронов и нагрев делают его очень неудобным для обращения. Его удельная радиоактивность составляет 17,1 Ки/г.

Плутоний-239 имеет большие сечения рассеивания и поглощения, чем уран, и большее число нейтронов в расчёте на одно деление, и меньшую критическую массу, которая составляет 10 кг в альфа-фазе. При ядерном распаде плутония-239 посредством воздействия на него нейтронами этот нуклид распадается на два осколка (примерно равные между собой более лёгкие атомы), выделяя примерно 200 МэВ энергии. Это приблизительно в 50 млн раз больше выделяемой при горении энергии (C+O2 → CO2↑). «Сгорая» в ядерном реакторе, изотоп выделяет 2 ккал. Чистый 239Pu имеет среднюю величину испускания нейтронов от спонтанного деления примерно 30 нейтронов/с·кг (примерно 10 делений в секунду на килограмм). Тепловая мощность составляет 1,92 Вт/кг (для сравнения: теплота обмена веществ у взрослого человека составляет меньшую тепловую мощность), что делает его тёплым на ощупь. Удельная активность равна 61,5 мКи/г.

Плутоний-240 является основным изотопом, загрязняющим оружейный 239Pu. Уровень его содержания главным образом важен из-за интенсивности спонтанного деления, которая составляет 415 000 делений/с·кг, но испускается примерно 1 нейтронов/(с·кг), так как каждое деление рождает приблизительно 2,2 нейтрона, что примерно в 30 000 раз больше, чем у 239Pu. Тепловой выход больше, чем у плутония-239 и составляет 7,1 Вт/кг, что обостряет проблему перегрева. Удельная активность равна 227 мКи/г.

Плутоний-241 имеет низкий нейтронный фон и умеренную тепловую мощность и потому непосредственно не влияет на удобство применения плутония (Тепловая мощность равна 3,4 Вт/кг). Однако он с периодом полураспада 14 лет превращается в америций-241, который плохо делится и обладает большой тепловой мощностью, ухудшая качество оружейного плутония. Таким образом, плутоний-241 влияет на старение оружейного плутония. Удельная активность — 106 Ки/г.

Интенсивность испускания нейтронов плутония-242 составляет 840 000 делений/(с·кг) (вдвое выше 240Pu), плохо подвержен ядерному делению. При заметной концентрации серьёзно увеличивает требуемую критическую массу и нейтронный фон. Имея большую продолжительность жизни и маленькое сечение захвата, нуклид накапливается в переработанном реакторном топливе. Удельная активность составляет 4 мКи/г.

Примечания

Изотопы плутония


Just yesterday we came across reports that the Nokia 9 has been spotted on FCC and Geekbench databases. Now, the fresh information is that the upcoming Nokia flagship smartphone will feature dual selfie cameras as seen on the newly leaked render.
According to a GSMArena report, the Nokia 9 will feature two 5MP sensors at the front as seen on the leaked render. The FCC listing also pointed out at the presence of a 5MP selfie camera on the smartphone. The listing highlighted the presence of a Chicony CKACE16 module on the device that is found to have dual cameras. The Taiwanese Chicony site states that this module will comprise of two 5MP autofocus sensors with FHD 1080p video recording and f/2.4 and f/2.0 aperture.
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The Nokia 9 is believed to feature an edge-to-edge display with a bezel-less design. The smartphone is expected to sport a 5.5-inch OLED display and employ an octa-core Snapdragon 835 SoC under its hood. Besides the possibility of housing dual seflie cameras, the smartphone is also expected to feature two rear cameras of 12MP and 13MP sensors at its rear. The battery capacity is said to be 3200mAh along with support for fast charging.
As per the recent reports, the Nokia 9 flagship smartphone is said to be unveiled at a press conference to be hosted by HMD Global. Alongside the smartphone, the company is also expected to unveil the Nokia 6 (2018). Even the alleged 4G feature phone is said to be launched soon as the device has cleared the FCC and Bluetooth SIG certifications.


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3, for the shape of the container: round / square containers, such as glass bottles, PE bottles, cans and so on. The outer diameter of the container is 55~90mm and the height is 120~300mm. (Note: Replacement of related parts, a wider range of applications).
4, the total power supply load: heating box 57.6kw/220v (57.6kw when warming up, working 28.8kw).
It is reported that Baoji Xinke is currently developing an XKBS110B three-channel automatic heat shrinkable film packaging machine with a packaging capacity of 110 packs per minute and a 50,000 bottle/hour beer and beverage filling line to meet large and medium-sized beer and beverage companies. We will continue to pay attention to the need for large-scale production.


PORTLAND — Spurwink Services was chosen as the nonprofit beneficiary for the inaugural Portland 10 Miler road race to be held Sunday, April 22.
Spurwink serves 6,800 Maine families, children and individuals affected by developmental disabilities and behavioral health issues, according to spokeswoman Abby Peck.
The race begins and ends at Payson Park near Back Cove, following a course along Baxter Boulevard, the Back Cove Trail and the Eastern Promenade. Peck said race entrants come from 14 states and 35 percent are from Maine.
Following the race, Rising Tide Brewing Co. and local food trucks will be providing food and beverages for a party at Payson Park.


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Written by two leading experts in the field, Acupuncture in Neurological Conditions aims to improve patient care by combining Western and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) concepts of treatment. The language of TCM is uniquely combined with that of evidence-based clinical reasoning to provide an approach relevant to both acupuncture and physiotherapy clinical practice. All major types of neurological conditions encountered in clinical practical are examined. Chinese medical patterns relevant to the application of acupuncture are described, as well as key patterns of dysfunction based on a Western medical perspective. The place of acupuncture within the overall management of different neurological conditions is also discussed. Clinical reasoning options from both TCM and Western medical perspectives are provided, and illustrated by real cases from clinical practice forming a sound platform for true integrated medicine.
Provides clinical reasoning options from TCM and Western medical perspectives.
Illustrates clinical reasoning with real cases from clinical practice.
Provides detailed examination of all major types of neurological conditions encountered in clinical practice.


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I shall continue to oppose Mayor Bloomberg's term limits extension. I fully support the federal lawsuit. This is about due process. This is about the city council legislating for their own benefit above the express will of the people. I testified before the city council and in front of the mayor, I looked him in the eye and told him many of my constituents like him, but the majority of my constituents voted twice for term limits. I sincerely hope the federal courts sustains the sacred votes of 2 million New Yorkers.


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Noted Tibetan writer's fate hangs in limbo after two years of prison
Dhi Lhaden in an undated photo (Photo/Tibet Watch)
DHARAMSHALA, June 22: A noted Tibetan writer named Thupten Lobsang Lhundup, who goes by the pen name Dhi Lhaden, was reportedly arrested on unspecified charges two years ago and still awaits trial for his arbitrary arrest. According to Radio Free Asia (RFA), the writer was taken into custody in June 2019 when he worked at a private cultural education centre in Chengdu. Lhundup's family was officially summoned by the Chinese authorities on Dec. 4 last year to discuss his case but they were not allowed to meet him since his trial was still pending.
The absence of a trial has been reported by a source in Tibet on the condition of anonymity, "It appears that someone told the owner of the cultural center about the teaching materials he was using, and so he was arrested." The source also said that his friends and acquaintances remained quiet in hopes that he would be released but the condition of the detainee remains the same. "But his trial is still pending. No further information about him has been released, and no one has been allowed to meet with him at all," the person further added.
Dhi Lhaden, a former Tibetan monk, was an intellectual and writer based in Golog, Tibet. Lhaden had studied in different monastic institutions from the age of 11; he also studied at Sichuan's Larung Gar Tibetan Buddhist Academy, where thousands of resident monks and nuns were evicted by Chinese authorities. He taught Buddhism at Drepung and Sera monasteries in Lhasa in his late 20s, and later wrote and published books about the 2008 protests against government policies in Tibet.
Former monk Thupten Lobsang Lhundup also known by his pen name Dhi Lhaden in an undated photo
The underground writer's first book Tsesok Le Trun Pe Kecha (Words Uttered with Life on Risk) was released on the third anniversary of the 2008 wide-range protests by the Dharamshala-based Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy (TCHRD) in Mar 2011. His second book titled Tungol Trimtug (The Art of Passive Resistance) was also translated and published into English in June 2015.


Hanford's Scott Kim claimed the 3A boys state golf championship Wednesday at Meadow Springs Country Club in Richland, shooting an even-par 72 in the second round to edge out Enumclaw's Tyler Salsbury by two strokes.
Kim finished at 2-under 142, keeping Salsbury at bay as the two each shot 72s in the final round to give the Hanford junior his first state title.
Kim finished tied for third place a year ago and was determined to take the top spot this time around.
"I wasn't all that mad about last year because I played so bad on the first day," he said. "To come out and shoot 69 at Meadow (in round two last year) was pretty big. But I wasn't exactly happy because I still lost by four. This is definitely a much better feeling."
The Falcons also shared the team title with Mount Vernon, thanks to freshman Tanner Martin finishing in a tie for fourth at 2-over 146.
"It's pretty amazing," Martin said. "I've always wanted to win a state championship and me being a part of that will make me go to bed at night happy."
History was made at Columbia Point Golf Course as Chelan senior Kelli Bowers became only the second girl ever to win four state championships, rallying from a four-shot deficit to edge Freeman's Alyssa Maine by one stroke for the 1A title.
Also repeating as a state champion was Lewis & Clark's Chessey Thomas, who won the 4A girls at Sun Willows by two shots over Kentwood's Rui Li.
Richland, which qualified four golfers to today's final round, struggled as a team and finished seventh, with sophomore Kristin Strankman tying for 16th place.
Kim got off to a hot start with birdies on the second and fourth holes, but three consecutive three-putts stalled his momentum.
"It was tough," Kim said. "I didn't hit that well on the back (nine). I three-putted three times in a row and that got me riled up."
Kim settled down to birdie the 11th hole and extend his lead. He didn't know it, though, as Salsbury played in the trio ahead of Kim's.
"There were a lot of kids who were at 72 or 73 (after the first round) that if they shot 68 they could come back easy," Kim said. "So I just played my game."
Martin shot a second consecutive 73 and said his putting "really saved me today. I was in some bad positions, and my putter came around and saved me some pars and birdies."
The freshman called it "an honor" to finish in the top 10 at the end of his initial season, but Kim said this performance is just the beginning for Martin.
"Tanner could win it the next three years, easy," Kim said.


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Home BREAKING NEWS No country worried about India's nuclear power: UN Ambassador Nikki Haley
No country worried about India's nuclear power: UN Ambassador Nikki Haley
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley speaks at the Indian American Friendship Council luncheon in Irving, Texas.
The U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations indicated that India's nuclear power was not a matter of concern for other countries, and that Washington and New Delhi enjoy strong economic, cultural and military cooperation.
Ambassador Nikki Haley, speaking at a luncheon hosted by the Indian American Friendship Council in Irving, Texas, May 23, said she is proud of her Indian heritage and recognizes the hard work and sacrifices of Indian Americans who are the least dependent on governmental assistance, most talented and highly educated, a press release from IAFC said.
India and USA share strong economic ties, promising trade and technology relationships, incredible cultural exchange schemes and growing military cooperation structures, Haley said in her speech, according to a press release from IAFC.
Nikki Haley honored by the Indian American Friendship Council.
Though India is a nuclear power, no country is worried about it because India scares no one and instead respects democratic principles, Haley is quoted saying. The U.S. wants to ensure peace and harmony in the South Asian region and cannot tolerate countries like Pakistan that became safe-havens for terrorists, and both New Delhi and Washington are pained by terrorism and work hand-in-hand to eradicate terrorism globally, she said, according to the press release.
Dwelling on her accomplishments, Haley said she never thought that she would become a State Representative or Governor or Ambassador but her parents did think of her making it big one day because of the prevailing opportunities in the United States.
The event was held at the Four Seasons Hotel in Irving, and was well attended and included prominent community leaders and corporate stalwarts like Abidali Neemuchwala, CEO of WIPRO, Prof. Vistasp Karbhari, President of University of Texas at Arlington, and Bob Tomes, owner of Tomes Auto group, the press release said.
Dr. Prasad Thotakura, IAFC president welcomes Nikki Haley.
Dr. Prasad Thotakura, IAFC president, welcomed and introduced Ambassador Haley as a dynamic leader from the Indian diaspora and lauded her contributions in various capacities – as South Carolina State Representative, State Governor and now as U.S. Ambassador to UN. He described Haley as "diplomatic yet daring, tough yet transparent, patient yet patriotic, caring yet unsparing if needed," and said the nation needed more leaders like her, a press release from IAFC said.
Haley fielded a few foreign policy questions relating to North Korea, the H-4 and H-1B visas, as well as Iran, and the U.S. Embassy in Jerusalem. "Ambassador Haley answered all fielded questions eloquently and honestly," the press release said.
Ambassador Haley was presented with a bouquet of flowers, shawl and a memento IAFC Board of Directors – Rao Kalvala, John Hammond, Dr. C.R. Rao, Pete Patel, Murali Vennam, Dr. Sat Gupta, Ramki Chebrolu, Taiyab Kundawala and Thotakura.
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