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Vic's Statehouse Notes #318 - March 13, 2018
The final day of the short session is tomorrow, and the final version of House Bill 1315 is still up in the air.
However it comes out, it will still have to be approved by both the House and the Senate.
If you have not contacted your legislators about your opposition yet, give it one more shot tonight or Wednesday. It looks like it will be one of the last bills to be voted on Wednesday evening, the last night of the session.
Tell your legislators or any legislators:
Non-residents should not be on public school boards!
Outsiders should not be allowed to be voting members of the Muncie public school board. This precedent would dismantle a core principle of public education.
Every public school district should have a school board!
Give the Gary public school district the dignity of having a school board like every other school district for the past 200 years, even while an emergency manager holds all the powers of the school board to correct mismanagement.
Tell them they must not pass a bill that takes down another pillar of public education. That pillar says:
Every public school district should be run by a school board of district residents.
Yet another pillar of public education in Indiana is in jeopardy.
The Meeting of the Conference Committee on HB 1315
Concerns about appointing non-resident school board members and losing the voice of citizens were clear themes in statements from legislators and those testifying at yesterday's (March 12th) Conference Committee meeting.
Senator Lanane said: "We are taking away the democracy of the people of Muncie in this bill."
Senator Tallian said: "We are dismantling public schools" by adding a "university-run alternative" to the long list of alternative schools the General Assembly has created, to the point where we no longer "provide a uniform system of common schools" as Article 8 of our Constitution says we must do.
Representative Vernon Smith called having non-residents on the school board a "terrible decision" and said we should "keep the school board in Gary."
Senator Melton said Ball State University could help Muncie schools "without legislation."
Representative Tim Brown, chair of the Conference Committee, allowed all members of the public to speak who wished to do so. Eight took advantage of the opportunity.
The testimony I gave is below.
This bill is not just about Muncie and Gary. It sets precedents for all Indiana public school districts. We need your participation!
If you have not done so already, contact your own House member and Senator or other legislators about House Bill 1315. The results of your work will be known tomorrow.
Thank you for actively supporting public education in Indiana!
Vic Smith vic790@aol.com
Testimony on HB 1315
Given by Dr. Vic Smith, Indianapolis
We have had public schools in Indiana for a long time now, over 200 years. In all that time, one of the pillar principles we have followed in public education is that every public school district should be run by a school board made up of district residents.
In over 200 years, this enduring principle has never been challenged, until now. House Bill 1315 violates this principle in two ways:
For the first time, non-resident outsiders would be allowed on the public school board in Muncie public schools.
For the first time, there would be no school board in the Gary public schools.
Both of these problems could be repaired by this Conference Committee.
First on page 40, where it says two of the five school board members appointed "must reside within the boundaries of the Muncie Community school corporation district", you can amend that to say "all five."
Asking out-of-town or out-of-state school board members to set the annual property tax rates of local residents will lead to obvious legal and public relations problems. I am confident that when all these potential problems are duly reconsidered, the wisdom of the last 200 years will prevail and school board seats will be reserved for local residents.
Second on page 7, where the school board name is removed in Gary in favor of an advisory board, I urge you to give the citizens of Gary the dignity of having a school board, even during the time when an emergency manager holds all the power of the school board and will continue to do so under current law until the emergency manager recommends a return to local control. The name "school board" remains important, as it has for over 200 years.
I urge you to make these two changes in HB 1315 to prevent unraveling yet another pillar of public education in Indiana.
Thank you.
Education Bills to Be Read This Week 3/12 - Updated 3/26
The three bills listed below will be heard on Monday. Please email your legislators.
**UPDATE: HB1315 (#3) is the biggest concern on Wednesday, March 14. Same concerns below apply. However, please email your local legislator.
1. SB65 - Instruction on human sexuality.
UPDATE: Moves on as is to Senate for Concurrence on Wednesday, 3/14
Public schools are for ALL students. We must make welcome, inclusive environments.
SB 65 has been sent to conference committee. Lawmakers now have the opportunity to reinsert language that would prevent teachers from discussing ANY LGBTQ issues without express written permission from parents. This kind of language would harm LGBTQ students and chill the speech of teachers. Email members of the committee & leadership NOW and tell them to keep discriminatory language out of SB 65. Please also request that the language stay as "Opt Out" rather than "Opt In."
Details are here.
Email the follwing:
s14@iga.in.gov, s40@iga.in.gov, h34@iga.in.gov, h21@iga.in.gov, h88@iga.in.gov, s16@iga.in.gov
2. SB387 -Teacher licensing.
UPDATE - 10% language was removed from the bill. Read here.
SB 387 started as a way to provide opportunities for teacher candidates to receive a waiver if they fail the licensing exam – an exam with possible validity issues due to disproportionately low passage rates in some content areas. However, the bill would now allow for up to 10 percent of teachers in a public school to be unlicensed. It would also allow someone with only a high school diploma and a minimum number of hours of work experience, but who passes the licensing test to teach under a career specialist permit. Indiana's children deserve licensed teachers.
Tell your legislators to fix SB 387. Our kids deserve all of their teachers – 100 percent – to have at least a license and bachelor's degree.
Email the following:
s39@in.gov, h3@in.gov. h41@in.gov, s26@in.gov, h34@in.gov, s19@in.gov, s25@in.gov, s3@in.gov, s9@iga.in.gov;h14@in.gov, h59@in.gov, s4@in.gov, h35@in.gov
3. HB1315 - School corporation financial management.
Ask them to fix two problems in the final version:
A) Non-residents should not be on public school boards!
Outsiders should not be allowed to be voting members of the Muncie public school board. Their votes to raise property taxes on local residents would bring litigation.
B) Every public school district should have a school board!
s39@in.gov, h3@in.gov, h41@in.gov, s26@in.gov, h34@in.gov, s19@in.gov, s25@in.gov, s3@in.gov, s9@iga.in.gov, h14@in.gov, h59@in.gov, s4@in.gov, h35@in.gov
Email your local legislator here.
SB65 Monday 3/12 10:30am Room 130 - Hearing moves on to Wednesday
Instruction on human sexuality. Requires each school corporation to make available for inspection to a parent of a student instructional material used in connection with instruction on human sexuality. Provides that, before a school may provide a student with instruction on human sexuality, the school must provide the parent of the student or the student, if the student is an adult or an emancipated minor, with a written request for consent of instruction. Provides that a consent form provided to a parent of a student or a student must accurately summarize the contents and nature of the instruction on human sexuality that will be provided to the student and indicate that a parent of a student or an adult or emancipated minor student has the right to review and inspect all materials related to the instruction on human sexuality. Provides that the parent of the student or the student, if the student is an adult or an emancipated minor, may return the consent form indicating that the parent of the student or the adult or emancipated student: (1) consents to the instruction; or (2) declines instruction. Provides that, if the parent of the student or the student, if the student is an adult or an emancipated minor, does not respond to the written request provided by the school within 21 calendar days of receiving the request, the school shall provide the parent of the student, or the adult or emancipated minor student, a written notice requesting that the parent of the student, or the student, if the student is an adult or an emancipated minor, indicate whether the parent of the student or the adult or emancipated student: (1) consents to the instruction; or (2) declines instruction. Provides that the parent or the adult or emancipated student may subsequently opt out of the instruction.
SB135 Senate concurred in House amendments; Roll Call 373: yeas 46, nays 0
Department of child services notifications for schools. Requires the department of child services to notify the individual designated as the point of contact for a child's school if the child is removed from the child's home. Provides immunity from civil liability for: (1) a guardian ad litem program; (2) a court appointed special advocate program; (3) an employee of or volunteer for a guardian ad litem program or court appointed special advocate program; and (4) an individual acting as a contracted guardian ad litem; when a child is placed on a waiting list for guardian ad litem or court appointed special advocate services. Makes conforming amendments.
SB303 Monday 3/12 3pm Room 130 - Moves on to Wednesday
Various education matters. Provides that, on or before December 1, 2018, and periodically thereafter, the secured school safety board shall conduct a review and submit a report to the legislative council. Provides that the report: (1) must provide an overview of the current status of school safety across the state; and (2) may make recommendations to improve the safety of elementary and secondary school students. Amends dates for the following: (1) The submission of reports regarding the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in an alternative education program. (2) Student enrollment and attendance and grant distributions regarding alternative education program grants. (3) A school corporation's count of pupils in homebound programs. (4) The submission of reports to the department of education (department) concerning scholarships awarded by a scholarship granting organization in the previous school year. Provides that an expanded child protection index check for an applicant for employment with a school corporation, charter school, or nonpublic school: (1) must be conducted for Indiana; and (2) may be conducted for other states. Amends requirements and defines "appropriate vehicle" with regard to the types of vehicles a school corporation may use to transport homeless students to a school of origin. Provides that the same requirements apply to the transport of students in foster care to a school of origin. Provides that a school corporation may provide summer school educational services through an online provider. Voids 511 IAC 12-2-2 which pertains to reimbursements from the department for summer school. Amends the conditions that must apply for an original school corporation and a transitional school corporation to be required to enter into an agreement concerning the responsibility for and apportionment of the costs of transporting a foster student to and from a school of origin. Provides that, to drive a school bus, an individual must have a depth perception of at least 80% or 48 seconds of arc or less angle of stereopsis. (Current law requires an individual to have a depth perception of at least 80% or 33 seconds of arc or less angle of stereopsis.) Provides that certain students who are eligible to receive a tuition and fee exemption because the students are children of a veteran must maintain at least a cumulative grade point average that the eligible institution determines is satisfactory academic progress, which may not be less than a cumulative grade point average of 2.0 on a 4.0 grading scale or its equivalent as established by the eligible institution. (Current law requires the student to maintain at least a cumulative grade point average that the eligible institution determines is satisfactory academic progress.) Removes a provision that requires school corporations to conduct an additional cumulative count of pupils in homebound programs for informational purposes. Provides that, not later than August 1, 2019, the department's division of school building physical security and safety, in consultation with the department of homeland security, shall conduct an audit of each school corporation's school safety plan and provide an onsite safety review for each school corporation and make recommendations to the school corporation. Provides that a school that has one or more employees may barricade or block a door for a period not to exceed three minutes in the event of an unplanned fire alarm activation in order for a designated school official to investigate the alarm. Provides that the period may be extended in the event that an active shooter has been verified to be on the school's property. Provides that, on or before August 1, 2018, the state fire marshal, in consultation with the department, shall send written guidance to each school that has one or more employees that describes how a school may apply current fire safety requirements for an unplanned fire alarm activation in order to provide security to students and school staff in the event of a potential active shooter situation.
SB387 Monday 3/12 10am Senate Chambers - Moves on to Wednesday
Teacher licensing. Provides that at least 90% of the individuals who teach full time in a public school must hold a license or be in the process of obtaining a transition to teaching license. Establishes eligibility requirements for a career specialist permit. Provides that, for school years beginning after June 30, 2018, a school corporation may provide a supplemental payment to a teacher in excess of the salary specified in the school corporation's compensation plan if the teacher: (1) is a special education professional; or (2) teaches in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. Provides that the supplemental payment is not subject to collective bargaining but must be discussed. Requires the department of education (department to post on the department's Internet web site the pass rate of the content area examination for each postsecondary educational institution. Provides that the salary increase amount attributed to an individual factor can be differentiated among individual teachers as part of a teacher salary scale. Provides that an elementary teacher may be eligible for a supplemental payment if the teacher earns a master's degree in math, reading, or literacy. (Current law provides that an elementary teacher may be eligible for a supplemental payment if the teacher receives a master's degree in math or in reading and literacy.) Provides that, before September 1, 2018, the department shall issue a request for proposals for an educator licensing exam. Provides that the department shall prepare a report that includes: (1) a list and description of each examination available in Indiana that is or could be used for teacher licensing; (2) any reciprocity for teacher licensing that other states, if any, allow for each examination; (3) the pass rates in other states for each examination; and (4) whether the individual taking the examination is responsible for paying the cost of the examination.
HB1315 Monday 3/12 11:00 AM, Rm. 404 - Moves on to Wednesday
School corporation financial management. Allows the distressed unit appeal board (DUAB) to delegate board authority, duties, and responsibilities to the executive director by resolution of the board. Allows the DUAB to adopt rules. Requires the attorney general to represent a member of the fiscal management board, an emergency manager, a chief financial officer, or a chief academic officer if the individual requests the representation. Specifies restrictions on school corporations that are designated distressed. Specifies that waivers regarding the allocation of protected taxes apply only to distressed school corporations and not other distressed units. Provides that, for a period of two years following the termination of a political subdivision's distressed status, the political subdivision may not do any of the following without the prior approval of the DUAB: (1) Adopt a budget, tax levy, or tax rate. (2) Issue bonds. (3) Enter into a lease. Requires a political subdivision to submit certain reports to the DUAB for a period of four years following the termination of the political subdivision's distressed status. Authorizes the emergency manager of a distressed school corporation to cancel any employee's contract or terminate an employee's employment as part of a reduction in force. Provides that notification for a reduction in force of: (1) certificated employees may be delivered after September 30 and before November 1 of the contract year; and (2) noncertificated employees may be delivered at any time. Specifies that the maximum reduction in force of certificated employees under this provision may not exceed 5% of the full-time equivalency for all certificated employees in the certificated employee bargaining unit for the school corporation. Requires the emergency manager to provide any employee whose contract is being canceled with notice at least 90 days before the effective date of the cancellation. Provides that the governing body of a distressed school corporation (or the advisory board, in the case of Gary schools) may file a petition with the DUAB for termination of distressed status only if the school corporation's ongoing revenues exceed the school corporation's ongoing expenses. Specifies that the governing body or advisory board may file such a petition with the DUAB not more than one time in a 12 month period. Makes changes concerning the Gary Community school corporation and its operation. Converts the Gary Community school corporation's governing board to an advisory board. Provides that the advisory board may not hold a public meeting more often than once every three months. Provides that the advisory board may hold additional meetings that are authorized as executive sessions under the open door law. Specifies that the advisory board may vote to fill vacancies and select officers of the advisory board. Deletes from current law the requirements: (1) that the emergency manager for the Gary Community school corporation must consult with the fiscal management board and the governing body; and (2) that the emergency manager for the Gary Community school corporation must consult with the mayor, the fiscal management board, and the governing body when developing the school corporation's annual budget and developing a financial plan, and provides that the emergency manager shall consider any recommendations from these entities. Requires the chief financial officer and chief academic officer to submit a quarterly report the advisory board. Removes the laws concerning the Muncie Community school corporation being a fiscally impaired school corporation. Permits the Ball State University board of trustees to adopt a resolution to govern the Muncie Community school corporation using a newly appointed seven member governing board. Requires certain members of the governing body to reside in the Muncie Community school corporation district. Provides that in making the appointments to the governing body of the Muncie Community school corporation, the Ball State University board of trustees and the President of Ball State University shall strive to ensure that the members appointed to the governing body reflect the geographical and socioeconomic composition of the school district. Provides that the terms of office of the two members appointed by the President of Ball State University expire on June 30, 2022, and beginning July 1, 2022, two members of the board shall be individuals elected at-large. Requires the first elected members to be elected at the 2022 primary election. Specifies that the governing body serving on June 30, 2018, shall become on July 1, 2018, an advisory board to the governing body appointed by the President and board of trustees of Ball State University. Requires the governing body to engage academically innovative strategies. Specifies that only certain laws in IC 20 will apply to the Muncie Community school corporation. Specifies other conditions. Provides that during the period beginning July 1, 2018, and ending June 30, 2022, the DUAB shall provide financial support to the Muncie Community school corporation in an amount that does not exceed the amount of compensation that would have been provided to an emergency manager of the school corporation if the school corporation had retained the designation of a distressed political subdivision. Permits the DUAB to recommend to the state board of finance that the state board of finance make an interest free loan to the Muncie Community school corporation. Establishes a fiscal and qualitative indicators committee (committee) to make determinations about the fiscal and qualitative factors to be used in analyzing the financial condition of school corporations. Specifies certain factors that may be used. Requires the committee to make determinations about the presentation of the factors and the financial condition of school corporations to the public and the frequency of updates. Requires the DUAB to present school financial condition information on its Internet web site or the management performance hub Internet web site. Sets minimum standards for presenting the information. Requires the DUAB to determine the financial condition of each school corporation and whether a school corporation should be placed on a watch list. Requires the executive director of the DUAB to do the following: (1) Report to the state budget committee the process and procedures that will be used before a school corporation is placed on the watch list. (2) Prepare a report identifying each school corporation whose financial condition indicates the potential to be placed on the watch list. Provides that the DUAB may enter into an agreement with a school corporation to develop a corrective action plan. Requires the DUAB to meet in executive session for discussions and determinations related to placing a school corporation on the watch list. Specifies that the DUAB may make a determination to place a school corporation on the watch list only if the DUAB has, at least six months before making the determination, provided notice to the school corporation stating that the DUAB is considering making such a determination. Provides that before a school corporation is placed on a watch list, the school corporation shall be given an opportunity to meet with the DUAB and the DUAB executive director in executive session. Specifies that after the DUAB makes a determination to place the school corporation on the watch list, the school corporation may file an appeal with the DUAB and request removal from the watch list. Provides that until the DUAB has ruled on the appeal, the school corporation may not be placed on the watch list. Specifies that all correspondence and other records related to discussions and determinations concerning whether a school corporation should be placed on the watch list are confidential and not subject to public disclosure unless and until the school corporation is subsequently placed on the watch list. Specifies that if the DUAB finds that: (1) a determination has been provided by the state board of accounts specifying that a corrective action plan is appropriate for a school corporation; or (2) the fiscal and qualitative indicators indicate that a corrective action plan is appropriate for a school corporation; the DUAB shall initiate contact with the chairperson of the governing body and the superintendent of the school corporation and offer to provide technical assistance to the school corporation. Provides that the DUAB may form a technical assistance team. Provides that the governing body of the Indianapolis Public Schools may sell a closed, unused, or unoccupied school building without making the vacant school building available to a charter school if certain conditions are satisfied. Amends the definition of "deficit financing" for a budget year to mean, in the case of any distressed school corporation, the Gary Community school corporation, or the Muncie Community school corporation: (1) actual expenditures; plus (2) additional payments against any outstanding debt obligations; exceeding the employer's current year actual education fund revenue. Provides that until June 30, 2018, the governing body of Gary schools, rather than the emergency manager, shall exercise the power to fill a vacancy on the governing body. Resolves conflicts. Makes technical corrections
HB1167 Joint Rule 20 technical correction adopted by the Senate
School Corporation Financial Management. Permits money in a school corporation's operations fund at the end of a year to be transferred to the school corporation's rainy day fund. Combines various levies into a single operations fund levy beginning in 2019. Changes provisions concerning the education fund and operations fund. Specifies the items to be included in a school corporation's capital projects plan. Changes the reasons for which a school corporation may appeal to increase the school corporation's operations fund levy for transportation purposes. Requires an appeal to increase or a petition to adjust the maximum operations fund levy for a year to be filed before October 20 of the preceding year. Resolves conflicts among various 2017 acts that take effect before the education funding and accounting changes made by HEA 1009-2017. Provides that the governing body of a school corporation may transfer amounts that are levied for the debt service fund to cover unreimbursed costs of certain curricular materials to the curricular materials rental fund, the extracurricular account, or the education fund. Provides that in carrying out a curricular materials rental program, the governing body may control the program through the school corporation's curricular materials rental fund or education fund. Make technical changes.
HB1420 Monday 3/12 4:00 PM, Rm. 156-B - Moves on to Wednesday
Various education matters. Makes changes regarding the nomination and approval of certain members of the commission on seclusion and restraint in schools. Provides that a student with special needs who has a service plan or a choice scholarship educational plan must be received (if certain conditions in current law apply) as a student in, as applicable, the following: (1) The Indiana School for the Deaf. (2) The Indiana School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Provides that a student who is withdrawn from enrollment from a virtual charter school for failure to participate in courses pursuant to the school's student engagement policy may not reenroll in that same virtual charter school for the school year in which the student is withdrawn. Establishes requirements regarding charter school closure protocols. Provides that a Cambridge International course may be used for the following purposes: (1) As the basis for a supplemental payment to a teacher who teaches a Cambridge International course. (2) As one of the assessments that a student plans to take voluntarily during grades 10 through 12. (3) As an additional curriculum model available to high school students. (4) As a replacement for certain high school courses on a student's high school transcript. (5) For a student's receipt of credits toward graduation by demonstrating proficiency in a course or subject area. (6) To place a student who is a child of a military family in the appropriate course when the student transfers to a new school. (7) For purposes of determining eligibility for various higher education scholarship and awards programs and amounts. Provides that each student who enrolls in a Cambridge International course may take the accompanying Cambridge International examination to receive high school credit for the Cambridge International course. Requires the department of education (department) and the state board of education (state board) to provide that a successfully completed Cambridge International course is credited toward fulfilling the requirements of an Indiana diploma with a Core 40 with academic honors designation. Provides, subject to certain conditions, that an individual or entity must submit a written notice to a public school that: (1) notifies the public school of an alleged violation of law; and (2) indicates a proposed remedy; before the individual or entity may initiate a civil action or an administrative proceeding against the public school. Establishes requirements regarding a proposed remedy. Provides that, if an individual or entity does not submit a notice to the public school before initiating a civil action or administrative proceeding, a court, administrative law judge, or hearing officer shall dismiss the civil action or administrative proceeding without prejudice. Urges the legislative council to assign to an appropriate interim study committee the task of studying the impact of litigation on school corporations and charter schools. Provides that an issuing officer shall issue an employment certificate to a student who attends a nonaccredited nonpublic school after receiving: (1) proof of age; and (2) proof of prospective employment. Provides that a child who: (1) attends a nonaccredited nonpublic school; and (2) is seeking an employment certificate from a school the child does not attend; must present to the issuing officer an attestation from the student's parent that the student is enrolled in school. Provides that a the attestation may be submitted to the issuing officer via facsimile or electronic mail. Amends provisions regarding when a child may work. Requires each school corporation, charter school, and accredited nonpublic elementary school to include cursive writing in its curriculum. Provides that a school corporation may provide summer school educational services through an online provider. Requires the department to prepare and submit a report regarding teacher licensing examination matters. Requires the state board to prepare and submit a report concerning the validity of pedagogy and content area examinations used for teacher licensing. Clarifies the meaning of "school" for purposes of the work ethic certificate program. Repeals a provision concerning the transfer of student records. Makes conforming amendments. Resolves a conflict between P.L.217-2017 and P.L.250-2017.
HB1001 Conference Committee Report Adopted (H) Report 1: adopted by the House; Roll Call 370: yeas 94, nays 0; Rules Suspended
Education funding. Requires the budget agency to transfer from the K-12 state tuition reserve account to the state general fund the amount necessary to cover the K-12 state tuition distribution amount when it exceeds the appropriated amount. Expires this provision on June 30, 2019. Expires the provision that limits the maximum state distributions for a state fiscal year to the amount appropriated by the general assembly on June 30, 2019. Specifies the ADM count for kindergarten pupils. Makes conforming changes.
HB1230 Tuesday 3/13 9:00 AM, Rm. 156-A - Moves on to Wednesday
School Safety. Requires the department of education (department) to maintain a link on the department's Internet web site providing parents and school officials with resources or best practices regarding the prevention and reporting of bullying and cyberbullying. Requires the state board of education and school corporations to maintain an Internet link to the department's Internet web site on their Internet web sites. Requires the department to maintain a link on the department's Internet web site regarding the identification and reporting of human trafficking. Requires certain employees of a school corporation or an accredited nonpublic school to receive at least one hour of inservice training every two years pertaining to the identification and reporting of human trafficking. Provides that a school corporation's disciplinary rules pertaining to bullying must prohibit bullying through the use of data or computer software that is accessed through a computer or through a cellular telephone or other wireless or cellular communications device. (Current law provides that a school corporation's disciplinary rules pertaining to bullying must prohibit bullying through the use of data or computer software that is accessed through a computer.) Requires the department to conduct a statewide needs assessment survey concerning student service providers and how schools are addressing the social and emotional needs of students. Provides that curriculum for the school safety specialist training and certification program must include training in identifying, preventing, and intervening in actions by a person who is present on school property with the intent to harm another person. Allows charter schools and accredited nonpublic schools to elect to comply with certain laws regarding school safety specialists, school safety plans, and safe school committees. Requires each charter school and accredited nonpublic school to: (1) adopt a local school safety and emergency plan; and (2) provide a copy of the floor plans for each building located on the school's property to the law enforcement agency and the fire department that have jurisdiction over the school.
HB1314 Tuesday 9:45 AM, Rm. 156-C - Moves on to Wednesday
Students in Foster Care and Homeless Students. Requires the state board of education to, in collaboration with the department of education (department) and the department of child services, annually prepare and submit the following: (1) A report on foster care youth educational outcomes. (2) A report on homeless youth educational outcomes. Requires the department to develop and submit a copy of the following: (1) A remediation plan concerning foster care youth. (2) A remediation plan concerning homeless youth. Requires certain information regarding students in foster care to be included in a school corporation's annual performance report. Requires the department and the department of child services to enter into a memorandum of understanding that, at a minimum, requires the department of child services to share with the department, at least one time each month, disaggregated information regarding youth in foster care that is sufficient to allow the department to identify students in foster care. Repeals, for purposes of provisions concerning the transportation of a homeless student to a school of origin, a provision that provides "homeless student" includes a student who is awaiting placement in foster care.
Senate Actions on March 13
A SENATE RESOLUTION urging the legislative council to assign to an appropriate study committee the topic of school performance grades.
HB1356 3/13 Signed by the President of the Senate, Off to Governor for Signature
Bullying. Provides that a school corporation is not required to report the number of incidents of bullying in the school corporation's annual school performance report. Provides that information reported by a school corporation relating to the number of incidents of bullying that occur may not be used in calculation of a school's annual school improvement grade. Provides that the department of education (department) must annually send notification via electronic mail or a letter to each school corporation explaining: (1) the school corporation's obligation to submit a report to the department containing the number of bullying incidents involving a student; and (2) that the department may conduct an audit of the school corporation to ensure that bullying incidents are accurately reported. Provides that the department may conduct an audit of a school corporation to ensure that bullying incidents are accurately reported. Provides that the department must report discrepancies of an audit on the department's Internet web site. Requires the department to conduct a statewide survey concerning the improvement of school corporation reporting of incidents of bullying involving a student to the department. Requires, not later than November 1, 2018, the department to submit a report to the general assembly.
Signed by the Governor on 3/13/18
Employability skills curriculum. Provides that the department of workforce development will establish standards that provide students with career and college planning resources under the Indiana career explorer program and standards. (Current law provides that the department of workforce development will establish curriculum under the Indiana career explorer program and curriculum.) Provides that, not later than July 1, 2019, each school within a school corporation shall include interdisciplinary employability skills standards established by the department of education (department), in conjunction with the department of workforce development and approved by the state board of education, in the school's curriculum. Provides that, if the department determines that the pilot program for instruction in and use of the Indiana career explorer program and standards should be extended, the department, in consultation with the department of workforce development, must increase the number of schools involved in the pilot program by at least 15 additional schools, if possible based on the interest from schools. Provides that the state board of education, in consultation with the department and the department of workforce development, may approve an alternative Internet based system and standards (Current law provides that the department, in consultation with the department of workforce development may approve alternative Internet based system and standards.) Establishes the work ethic certificate program (program). Requires the department of workforce development to administer the program
Bill to Be Concurred by the Senate on March 14 at 1:30 p.m.
SB65 - Rules Suspended. Senate concurred in House amendments; Roll Call 397: yeas 41, nays 8
SB387 Conference Committee Report Adopted (S) Report 1: adopted by the Senate; Roll Call 404: yeas 45, nays 3; Rules Suspended
Teacher permits, examinations, and salaries. Requires the department of education (department) to post on the department's Internet web site the pass rate of the content area examination for each postsecondary educational institution. Establishes eligibility requirements for a career specialist permit. Provides that, for school years beginning after June 30, 2018, a school corporation may provide a supplemental payment to a teacher in excess of the salary specified in the school corporation's compensation plan if the teacher: (1) is a special education professional; or (2) teaches in the areas of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics. Provides that an elementary teacher may be eligible for a supplemental payment if the teacher earns a master's degree in math, reading, or literacy. (Current law provides that an elementary teacher may be eligible for a supplemental payment if the teacher receives a master's degree in math or in reading and literacy.) Provides that the supplemental payment is not subject to collective bargaining but must be discussed. Provides that the salary increase amount attributed for the academic needs of students in a school corporation may be differentiated among individual teachers as part of a teacher salary scale. Provides that a school corporation may provide differentiated increases or increments for teacher salaries, and in excess of the percentage established for certain factors used to determine teacher salary increases or increments, in order to reduce the gap between the school corporation's minimum teacher salary and the average of the school corporation's minimum and maximum teacher salaries. Provides that, before November 1, 2018, the department shall issue a request for proposals for an educator licensing examination, which must include accessible examination preparation resources that are aligned with the educator licensing examination. Provides that the department shall prepare and submit a report that includes: (1) a list and description of each examination available in Indiana that is or could be used for teacher licensing; and (2) whether the individual taking the examination is responsible for paying the cost of the examination. Requires the state board of education to submit to the legislative council memorandums and reports provided by the technical advisory committee to the state board regarding educator licensing examinations. Requires the department to provide a notice to each school corporation regarding the changes in this act to the career specialist permit requirements and to the laws regarding teacher salaries.
HB1001 Conference Committee Report Adopted (S) Report 1: adopted by the Senate; Roll Call 389: yeas 47, nays 0
School funding. Requires the budget agency to transfer from the K-12 state tuition reserve account to the state general fund the amount necessary to cover the K-12 state tuition distribution amount if it exceeds the appropriated amount. Limits the transfer to $25,000,000 in state fiscal year 2017-2018 and $75,000,000 for state fiscal year 2018-2019. Requires school corporations to report information about virtual education programs to the department of education. Requires a pupil to be at least five years of age on August 1 of the school year to be included in the ADM count for kindergarten pupils.
SB303 Conference Committee Report Adopted (H) Report 1: adopted by the House; Roll Call 403: yeas 86, nays 0; Rules Suspended
Various education matters. Amends dates for the following: (1) The submission of reports regarding the number of full-time equivalent students enrolled in an alternative education program. (2) Student enrollment and attendance and grant distributions regarding alternative education program grants. (3) A school corporation's count of pupils in homebound programs. (4) The submission of reports to the department of education (department) concerning scholarships awarded by a scholarship granting organization in the previous school year. Provides that an expanded child protection index check for an applicant for employment with a school corporation, charter school, or nonpublic school: (1) must be conducted for Indiana; and (2) may be conducted for other states. Specifies that a criminal history information policy adopted by a school corporation, charter school, or nonpublic school must state that the school corporation or school requires an expanded criminal history check concerning an employee of the school corporation or school who is likely to have direct, ongoing contact with children within the scope of the employee's employment (instead of any employee). Amends requirements and defines "appropriate vehicle" with regard to the types of vehicles a school corporation may use to transport homeless students to a school of origin. Provides that the same requirements apply to the transport of students in foster care to a school of origin. Provides that a school corporation may provide summer school educational services through an online provider. Voids 511 IAC 12-2-2, which pertains to reimbursements from the department for summer school. Amends the conditions that must apply for an original school corporation and a transitional school corporation to be required to enter into an agreement concerning the responsibility for and apportionment of the costs of transporting a foster student to and from a school of origin. Provides that, to drive a school bus, an individual must have a depth perception of at least 80% or 48 seconds of arc or less angle of stereopsis. (Current law requires an individual to have a depth perception of at least 80% or 33 seconds of arc or less angle of stereopsis.) Removes a provision that requires school corporations to conduct an additional cumulative count of pupils in homebound programs for informational purposes
HB1230 - DEAD
School safety. Requires the department of education (department) to maintain a link on the department's Internet web site providing parents and school officials with resources or best practices regarding the prevention and reporting of bullying and cyberbullying. Requires the state board of education and school corporations to maintain an Internet link to the department's Internet web site on their Internet web sites. Requires the department to maintain a link on the department's Internet web site regarding the identification and reporting of human trafficking. Requires certain employees of a school corporation or an accredited nonpublic school to receive at least one hour of inservice training every two years pertaining to the identification and reporting of human trafficking. Provides that a school corporation's disciplinary rules pertaining to bullying must prohibit bullying through the use of data or computer software that is accessed through a computer or through a cellular telephone or other wireless or cellular communications device. (Current law provides that a school corporation's disciplinary rules pertaining to bullying must prohibit bullying through the use of data or computer software that is accessed through a computer.) Requires the department to conduct a statewide needs assessment survey concerning student service providers and how schools are addressing the social and emotional needs of students. Provides that curriculum for the school safety spe
Vic's Statehouse Notes #316 - March 7, 2018
Late Bulletin
We have learned that the conference committee will probably consider HB 1315 early Monday morning. Please go ahead and contact your own state Senator and Representative now, and we hope to have the conference committee's names for you by this time tomorrow.
This one needs your immediate attention:
This has been a core principle for public education in Indiana that has not been challenged for 200 years until House Bill 1315 came along this session.
HB 1315 sets a damaging precedent by knocking down this pillar principle in two communities:
For the first time in Indiana history, non-resident outsiders would be allowed to be voting members of a community's public school board, with no sunset provisions to return control to local residents. (Muncie)
For the first time in Indiana history, a public school district would not have a school board. (Gary)
It's Not Too Late. Send Your Legislators a Message Today!
It is not too late to fix either of these problems in the bill. The Senate version, passed Tuesday by a vote of 35-14, is different from the House version, which passed 64-27, so a conference committee is expected, perhaps starting tomorrow (March 8). Corrections could be made in the conference committee. The session must adjourn by March 14.
Time is short. Take a few minutes right away to contact your Senator and your Representative, along with other legislators if you can. Tell them:
Outsiders should not be allowed to be on the Muncie public school board. Their votes to raise property taxes on residents would bring litigation.
Give the Gary public school district the dignity of having a school board like every other school district for the past 200 years, even while an emergency manager is given the powers of the school board to correct mismanagement.
In nearly every session since 2009, the Indiana General Assembly has eroded step by step the norms of public education in Indiana. This erosion must stop.
House Bill 1315, a complex 55 page bill, has become the most controversial education bill in the short session. Legislators need to hear from you on these points!
The Details: Improvements on Second Reading in the Senate
The Senate improved the bill significantly during second reading amendments. Several Senators should be credited and thanked for participating in the amendment process on Monday (March 5) including Senator Mishler (Senate sponsor), Senator Head, Senator Lanane, Senator Ruckelshaus, Senator Breaux and Senator Tallian.
Senator Mishler, who was praised by the Senators from Muncie and Gary for his openness and transparency in debating this controversial bill, supported several amendments which improved the bill. He was also responsible in the Senate bill for improving the fiscal indicator dashboard to keep the watch list confidential until all data is verified for accuracy.
A big thank you should go to Senator Head for offering an amendment to restore six citizenship laws to the list of laws that Muncie public schools must follow in their otherwise flexible curriculum under Ball State's control. The amendment, passed on a voice vote, restored the following curriculum requirements to Muncie:
20-30-5-0.5 - display of the flag; pledge of allegiance
20-30-5-1 - constitutions of Indiana and the U.S.
20-30-5-2 - constitution; interdisciplinary course
20-30-5-3 - writings, documents and records of American history
20-30-5-4 - system of government; American history
20-30-5-6 - good citizenship instruction
Chairman Mishler also supported an amendment by Senator Lanane, who represents Muncie, which says: "In making the appointments under this subdivision, the Ball State University board of trustees and the President of Ball State University shall strive to ensure that the members appointed to the governing body reflect the geographical and socioeconomic composition of the Muncie Community school corporation district."
This amendment is a step in the right direction, but it doesn't cancel the current language on page 40, line 20 allowing non-residents to be appointed to three seats: "Five (5) members will be appointed by the Ball State University board of trustees from individuals nominated by the President of Ball State University. At least two (2) of the individuals appointed under this clause must reside within the boundaries of the Muncie Community school corporation district."
Ask Legislators to Change Two to All Five!
This bill would for the first time break the link between public school board membership and residency in the district.
This is step Indiana must not take.
There are sound reasons why public school board members up to now have been required to be residents:
School board members vote on property tax issues. They would know from personal experience what the impact is on their taxes when they vote on property tax levies. Outsiders would be voting to tax people potentially in a different state from where they live and pay taxes.
School board members need to know the community. Appointing outsiders could prompt a split in the board on community issues.
Residents who believe that it is wrong for school board members who live in New York, California or Chicago to be voting to raise their local property taxes for any purpose might use this non-resident status as the basis for a lawsuit to challenge the action of the board, costing extra legal fees.
We just shouldn't go there.
When asked during debates in the House about this point, the sponsor of the bill Representative Tim Brown said Ball State should be able to appoint David Letterman, Oprah Winfrey or Bill Gates to the school board.
Write Legislators Today or Tomorrow!
Public school advocates have the opportunity during the conference committee process to try to repair two historic flaws that should be corrected:
1. The Muncie public schools are allowed to have non-resident outsiders in three of the seven school board seats.
2. The Gary public schools will no longer have a school board. It will be replaced by an advisory board.
These two points take the PUBLIC out of public education in two communities. They set two precedents for the deconstruction of public education.
These would be firsts. They would unravel yet another pillar of public education.
They are not right.
These two points could be fixed in the conference committee before final passage. Send messages to legislators today!
Education Bills to Be Read This Week 3/5, Updated 3/7
Bills That Are of Concern
HB1315 – School corporation financial management. Read more here and here and here and act here. *PASSED. Moves on to committee.
SB33 - Houses of worship and firearms. Currently stalled, but something to watch closely as it could reappear. It has 19 amendments to it, including banning bump stocks. Read more here and here.
SB387 - Teacher Licensing. Provides that at least 90% of the individuals who teach full time in a public school must hold a license or be in the process of obtaining a transition to teaching license. *PASSED. Moves on to committee.
Bills to Be Read by the House on March 5 at 10:00 a.m.
SB50 Third reading passed; Roll Call 312: yeas 96, nays 0
Workforce development; career and technical education. Establishes the college and career funding review committee. Requires the review committee to study certain issues and to submit a report to the governor and the legislative council. Establishes the governor's workforce cabinet to develop, not later than July 1, 2018, a comprehensive career navigation and coaching system for Indiana. Requires high schools maintained by a school corporation, a charter school, or an accredited nonpublic school to participate in the career coaching program. Requires at least 25% of the money appropriated by the general assembly for adult education or the work Indiana program to be used: (1) to reimburse an eligible provider for adult education that is provided to eligible employees who need education in basic skills or that is necessary for an eligible employee to receive a high school diploma or an Indiana high school equivalency diploma; or (2) for adult education grants to employers. Specifies criteria that an individual must meet to be an eligible employee. Establishes the next level jobs employer training grant program and specifies criteria to receive a grant. Provides limits on the grant amount per employee and per employer. Requires the legislative services agency to conduct a review, analysis, and evaluation of the twenty-first century scholars program and the Frank O'Bannon grant program and submit a report to the governor and the legislative council. Urges the legislative council to assign to an appropriate interim study committee the question of whether the state should submit a combined state plan instead of a unified state plan to the United States Department of Labor when the state submits a new Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act plan.
SB43 Third reading: passed; Roll Call 301: yeas 91, nays 0
Racial balance levy and fund. Repeals provisions regarding the racial balance levy and the racial balance fund. Provides that any money in a school corporation's racial balance fund on January 1, 2019, must be transferred to the school corporation's operations fund.
SB172 Third reading: passed; Roll Call 306: yeas 94, nays 0
Computer science. Establishes the next level computer science grant program (program) and the next level computer science fund (fund) to award grants, after June 30, 2019, to eligible entities to implement teacher professional development programs for training in teaching computer science. Requires the department of education (department) to: (1) administer the program and fund; and (2) develop, in consultation with the governor's office, guidelines to award grants from the fund to eligible entities. Requires, not later than August 1, 2018, the state superintendent of public instruction to enter into a contract for professional development services. Requires the department to biannually submit a progress report to the governor regarding the: (1) development and administration of the program and fund; and (2) status of public schools in meeting computer science curriculum requirements. Provides that, if the department does not comply with the requirements regarding the program and fund, the state board of education shall assume the department's duties. Requires (beginning July 1, 2021) each public school to offer a computer science course as a one semester elective course in its curriculum at least once each school year to high school students. Requires (beginning July 1, 2021) each public school to include computer science in the public school's science curriculum for students in kindergarten through grade 12.
SB387 Third Reading: Roll Call 318: yeas 66, nays 29
Bills to Be Read by the Senate on March 5 at 1:30 p.m.
SR43 3/5/2018 - Pursuant to Senate Rule 35 (c); technical correction committee report adopted
A SENATE RESOLUTION urging the legislative council to assign to the appropriate study committee the topic of a comprehensive review of school safety issues with the goal to do whatever is necessary to protect Hoosier children in our schools.
HB1002 Second Reading: amended, ordered engrossed
Workforce Funding and Programs. Requires an annual workforce related program review by the legislative services agency. Provides that the governor shall appoint a secretary of workforce training. Establishes the governor's workforce cabinet to develop, not later than July 1, 2018, a comprehensive career navigation and coaching system for Indiana and requires all high schools to participate in the career coaching program. Requires workforce and education information as part of the biennial budget report that is submitted to the governor and budget committee for preparation of the governor's proposed budget bill. Repeals the training 2000 program and fund effective July 1, 2019, and provides for the program phase out. Provides that an emancipated student or the parent of a student enrolled in a career or technical course may voluntarily release information, on a form prescribed by the department of education, pertaining to the student's enrollment in the career and technical education course to potential employers that contact the school to recruit students with particular career and technical skills. Requires the state board of education, when establishing an apprenticeship as a graduation pathway requirement, to establish as an apprenticeship program only an apprenticeship program registered under the federal National Apprenticeship Act or another federal apprenticeship program administered by the United States Department of Labor. Revises eligibility criteria for applicants for high value workforce ready credit-bearing grants, and provides that if the demand for high value workforce ready credit-bearing grants exceeds the appropriation, the commission for higher education shall prioritize applicants who are classified as independent. Specifies that an individual who is enrolled as a part-time postsecondary student, regardless of whether a part-time student is qualified to receive an adult student grant, may participate in the employment aid readiness network (EARN) Indiana program. Transforms Ivy Tech Community College's regional boards of trustees to campus boards of trustees. Provides that the number of members of the state board of trustees of Ivy Tech must equal the number of regions established by the state board of trustees plus one additional member, but shall not exceed 15 members. Establishes the next level jobs employer training grant program. <STRIKE>Makes certain changes in the requirements that apply to nurse faculty members. Specifies that these changes apply until June 30, 2021.</STRIKE> Specifies that certain requirements regarding educational qualifications of nursing faculty members do not apply from July 1, 2018, through June 30, 2024. Urges the legislative council to assign to a study committee the task of studying statutory and administrative barriers that may create disincentives that keep employers from establishing employer provided child care for their employees. Requires the family and social services administration and the Indiana department of transportation to perform a coordinated study on leveraging money for transportation to workforce related programs. Makes conforming amendments.
School corporation financial management. Allows the distressed unit appeal board (DUAB) to delegate board authority, duties, and responsibilities to the executive director by resolution of the board. Allows the DUAB to adopt rules. Requires the attorney general to represent a member of the fiscal management board, an emergency manager, a chief financial officer, or a chief academic officer if the individual requests the representation. Specifies restrictions on school corporations that are designated distressed. Specifies that waivers regarding the allocation of protected taxes apply only to distressed school corporations and not other distressed units. Provides that, for a period of two years following the termination of a political subdivision's distressed status, the political subdivision may not do any of the following without the prior approval of the DUAB: (1) Adopt a budget, tax levy, or tax rate. (2) Issue bonds. (3) Enter into a lease. Requires a political subdivision to submit certain reports to the DUAB for a period of four years following the termination of the political subdivision's distressed status. Authorizes the emergency manager of a distressed school corporation to cancel any employee's contract or terminate an employee's employment as part of a reduction in force. Provides that notification for a reduction in force of: (1) certificated employees may be delivered after September 30 and before November 1 of the contract year; and (2) noncertificated employees may be delivered at any time. Specifies that the maximum reduction in force of certificated employees under this provision may not exceed 5% of the full-time equivalency for all certificated employees in the certificated employee bargaining unit for the school corporation. Requires the emergency manager to provide any employee whose contract is being canceled with notice at least 90 days before the effective date of the cancellation. Provides that the governing body of a distressed school corporation (or the advisory board, in the case of Gary schools) may file a petition with the DUAB for termination of distressed status only if the school corporation's ongoing revenues exceed the school corporation's ongoing expenses. Specifies that the governing body or advisory board may file such a petition with the DUAB not more than one time in a 12 month period. Makes changes concerning the Gary Community school corporation and its operation. Converts the Gary Community school corporation's governing board to an advisory board. Provides that the advisory board may not hold a public meeting more often than once every three months. Provides that the advisory board may hold additional meetings that are authorized as executive sessions under the open door law. Specifies that the advisory board may vote to fill vacancies and select officers of the advisory board. Deletes from current law the requirements: (1) that the emergency manager for the Gary Community school corporation must consult with the fiscal management board and the governing body; and (2) that the emergency manager for the Gary Community school corporation must consult with the mayor, the fiscal management board, and the governing body when developing the school corporation's annual budget and developing a financial plan, and provides that the emergency manager shall consider any recommendations from these entities. Requires the chief financial officer and chief academic officer to submit a quarterly report the advisory board. Removes the laws concerning the Muncie Community school corporation being a fiscally impaired school corporation. Permits the Ball State University board of trustees to adopt a resolution to govern the Muncie Community school corporation using a newly appointed seven member governing board. Requires certain members of the governing body to reside in the Muncie Community school corporation district. Provides that in making the appointments to the governing body of the Muncie Community school corporation, the Ball State University board of trustees and the President of Ball State University shall strive to ensure that the members appointed to the governing body reflect the geographical and socioeconomic composition of the school district. Provides that the terms of office of the two members appointed by the President of Ball State University expire on June 30, 2022, and beginning July 1, 2022, two members of the board shall be individuals elected at-large. Requires the first elected members to be elected at the 2022 primary election. Specifies that the governing body serving on June 30, 2018, shall become on July 1, 2018, an advisory board to the governing body appointed by the President and board of trustees of Ball State University. Requires the governing body to engage academically innovative strategies. Specifies that only certain laws in IC 20 will apply to the Muncie Community school corporation. Specifies other conditions. Provides that during the period beginning July 1, 2018, and ending June 30, 2022, the DUAB shall provide financial support to the Muncie Community school corporation in an amount that does not exceed the amount of compensation that would have been provided to an emergency manager of the school corporation if the school corporation had retained the designation of a distressed political subdivision. Permits the DUAB to recommend to the state board of finance that the state board of finance make an interest free loan to the Muncie Community school corporation. Establishes a fiscal and qualitative indicators committee (committee) to make determinations about the fiscal and qualitative factors to be used in analyzing the financial condition of school corporations. Specifies certain factors that may be used. Requires the committee to make determinations about the presentation of the factors and the financial condition of school corporations to the public and the frequency of updates. Requires the DUAB to present school financial condition information on its Internet web site or the management performance hub Internet web site. Sets minimum standards for presenting the information. Requires the DUAB to determine the financial condition of each school corporation and whether a school corporation should be placed on a watch list. Requires the executive director of the DUAB to do the following: (1) Report to the state budget committee the process and procedures that will be used before a school corporation is placed on the watch list. (2) Prepare a report identifying each school corporation whose financial condition indicates the potential to be placed on the watch list. Provides that the DUAB may enter into an agreement with a school corporation to develop a corrective action plan. Requires the DUAB to meet in executive session for discussions and determinations related to placing a school corporation on the watch list. Specifies that the DUAB may make a determination to place a school corporation on the watch list only if the DUAB has, at least six months before making the determination, provided notice to the school corporation stating that the DUAB is considering making such a determination. Provides that before a school corporation is placed on a watch list, the school corporation shall be given an opportunity to meet with the DUAB and the DUAB executive director in executive session. Specifies that after the DUAB makes a determination to place the school corporation on the watch list, the school corporation may file an appeal with the DUAB and request removal from the watch list. Provides that until the DUAB has ruled on the appeal, the school corporation may not be placed on the watch list. Specifies that all correspondence and other records related to discussions and determinations concerning whether a school corporation should be placed on the watch list are confidential and not subject to public disclosure unless and until the school corporation is subsequently placed on the watch list. Specifies that if the DUAB finds that: (1) a determination has been provided by the state board of accounts specifying that a corrective action plan is appropriate for a school corporation; or (2) the fiscal and qualitative indicators indicate that a corrective action plan is appropriate for a school corporation; the DUAB shall initiate contact with the chairperson of the governing body and the superintendent of the school corporation and offer to provide technical assistance to the school corporation. Provides that the DUAB may form a technical assistance team. <STRIKE>Provides that the governing body of a school corporation in which 10% or more of the school buildings are occupied in whole or part by one or more innovation network schools or one or more innovation network charter schools may sell a closed, unused, or unoccupied school building without making the vacant school building available to a charter school. </STRIKE> Provides that the governing body of the Indianapolis Public Schools may sell a closed, unused, or unoccupied school building without making the vacant school building available to a charter school if certain conditions are satisfied. Amends the definition of "deficit financing" for a budget year to mean, in the case of any distressed school corporation, the Gary Community school corporation, or the Muncie Community school corporation: (1) actual expenditures; plus (2) additional payments against any outstanding debt obligations; exceeding the employer's current year actual education fund revenue. Provides that until June 30, 2018, the governing body of Gary schools, rather than the emergency manager, shall exercise the power to fill a vacancy on the governing body. Resolves conflicts. Makes technical corrections
HB1356 Second Reading: ordered engrossed
Elementary school teacher content area licenses. Provides that, not later than July 1, 2019, the state board of education shall adopt rules to establish elementary school teacher content area licenses that must, at a minimum, include an: (1) elementary mathematics specialist license; and (2) elementary mathematics teacher license or an elementary mathematics and science teacher license. Establishes requirements to be eligible for an elementary mathematics specialist license, an elementary mathematics teacher license, and an elementary mathematics and science teacher license. Requires the department of education (department) to develop an incentive program to assist and reward teachers who pursue and earn an elementary school teacher content area license. Provides that the department shall make recommendations to the general assembly regarding ways to accomplish the goals of the incentive program.
Various education matters. Makes changes regarding the nomination and approval of certain members of the commission on seclusion and restraint in schools. Provides that a student with special needs who has a service plan or a choice scholarship educational plan must be received (if certain conditions in current law apply) as a student in, as applicable, the following: (1) The Indiana School for the Deaf. (2) The Indiana School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Provides that a student who is withdrawn from enrollment from a virtual charter school for failure to participate in courses pursuant to the school's student engagement policy may not reenroll in that same virtual charter school for the school year in which the student is withdrawn. Establishes requirements regarding charter school closure protocols. Provides that a Cambridge International course may be used for the following purposes: (1) As the basis for a supplemental payment to a teacher who teaches a Cambridge International course. (2) As one of the assessments that a student plans to take voluntarily during grades 10 through 12. (3) As an additional curriculum model available to high school students. (4) As a replacement for certain high school courses on a student's high school transcript. (5) For a student's receipt of credits toward graduation by demonstrating proficiency in a course or subject area. (6) To place a student who is a child of a military family in the appropriate course when the student transfers to a new school. (7) For purposes of determining eligibility for various higher education scholarship and awards programs and amounts. Provides that each student who enrolls in a Cambridge International course may take the accompanying Cambridge International examination to receive high school credit for the Cambridge International course. Requires the department of education (department) and the state board of education (state board) to provide that a successfully completed Cambridge International course is credited toward fulfilling the requirements of an Indiana diploma with a Core 40 with academic honors designation. Provides, subject to certain conditions, that an individual or entity must submit a written notice to a public school that: (1) notifies the public school of an alleged violation of law; and (2) indicates a proposed remedy; before the individual or entity may initiate a civil action or an administrative proceeding against the public school. Establishes requirements regarding a proposed remedy. Provides that, if an individual or entity does not submit a notice to the public school before initiating a civil action or administrative proceeding, a court, administrative law judge, or hearing officer shall dismiss the civil action or administrative proceeding without prejudice. Urges the legislative council to assign to an appropriate interim study committee the task of studying the impact of litigation on school corporations and charter schools. Provides that an issuing officer shall issue an employment certificate to a student who attends a nonaccredited nonpublic school after receiving: (1) proof of age; and (2) proof of prospective employment. Provides that a child who: (1) attends a nonaccredited nonpublic school; and (2) is seeking an employment certificate from a school the child does not attend; must present to the issuing officer an attestation from the student's parent that the student is enrolled in school. Provides that a the attestation may be submitted to the issuing officer via facsimile or electronic mail. Amends provisions regarding when a child may work. Requires each school corporation, charter school, and accredited nonpublic elementary school to include cursive writing in its curriculum. Provides that a school corporation may provide summer school educational services through an online provider. Voids 511 IAC 12-2-2(b), which pertains to reimbursements from the department of education for summer school. Requires the department to prepare and submit a report regarding teacher licensing examination matters. Requires the state board to prepare and submit a report concerning the validity of pedagogy and content area examinations used for teacher licensing. Clarifies the meaning of "school" for purposes of the work ethic certificate program. Repeals a provision concerning the transfer of student records. Makes conforming amendments. Resolves a conflict between P.L.217-2017 and P.L.250-2017.
School discipline. Provides that the department of education's (department) model evidence based plan for improving student behavior and discipline must: (1) reduce out-of-school suspension and disproportionality in discipline and expulsion; (2) limit referrals to law enforcement or arrests on school property to cases in which referral to law enforcement or arrest is necessary to protect the health and safety of other students or school employees; and (3) include policies to address instances of bullying and cyberbullying on school property of a school corporation. Provides that, beginning in the 2019-2020 school year, the department, in collaboration with parent organizations, teacher organizations, educational support professional organizations, and state educational institutions, shall, upon a school corporation's request, provide information and assistance to the school corporation regarding the implementation of the school corporation's evidence based plan to ensure that teachers and administrators receive appropriate professional development and other resources in preparation for carrying out the plan. Urges the legislative council to assign to an appropriate interim study committee the task of studying the use of positive student discipline and restorative justice practices by elementary and secondary schools. Requires the department to conduct a survey of school corporation school discipline policies to determine the extent to which positive discipline and restorative justice practices are being utilized.
Education matters. Urges the legislative council during the 2018 through 2020 interims to assign to the education interim study committee the task of studying issues relating to a school corporation's ability to provide adequate career counseling to students. Requires the state board of education (state board) to establish one standard Indiana diploma for individuals who successfully complete high school graduation requirements. (Current law establishes four different diplomas.) Provides that each Indiana diploma must include one of the following designations: (1) General designation. (2) Core 40 designation. (3) Core 40 with academic honors designation. (4) Core 40 with technical honors designation. Requires the state board to create an alternate diploma for students with significant cognitive disabilities. Requires, in adopting Core 40 curriculum models, the state board to consider math course requirements other than Algebra II. Requires the state board to adopt rules to establish: (1) math course requirements; and (2) science course requirements; for the Core 40 curriculum models. Provides that, for each school year beginning after June 30, 2019, a high school shall administer as part of the statewide assessment a nationally recognized college entrance exam. Eliminates the requirement of end of course assessments to be administered as part of the statewide assessment program. Provides that: (1) if a nationally recognized college entrance exam administered by a high school assesses science, the nationally recognized college entrance exam must be used to assess science for the grade level for which the nationally recognized college entrance exam is administered; or (2) if a nationally recognized college entrance exam does not assess science, another examination may be administered to assess science. Resolves a conflict in a provision that requires the state board to develop guidelines to assist secondary schools to identify students likely to require remediation. Eliminates a requirement that a student must take a college and career readiness examination if the student is identified under the guidelines developed by the state board to likely be in need of remediation. Provides that certain statewide assessments must use a scale score that will ensure the statewide assessment scores are comparable to assessment scoring used as part of the ISTEP program, before its expiration. Provides that a student may receive a waiver from the postsecondary readiness competency requirements that are part of the graduation pathway requirements if the student meets certain conditions. Adds a provision to the list of purposes for which a charter school may limit new admissions to the charter school. Repeals provisions that: (1) require the state board to design a high school diploma for the high school fast track program; and (2) establish a subcommittee to make recommendations regarding diplomas and certain course requirements and develop the requirements for a career and technical education diploma. Makes conforming amendments. Specifies that certain provisions of SEA 354-2018 take effect upon passage instead of taking effect on July 1, 2018.
HB1039 Third reading passed; Roll Call 288: yeas 48, nays 0
529 Plans. Provides the following for purposes of the state income tax credit for contributions to a college choice 529 education savings plan: (1) The term "qualified higher education expenses" has the meaning set forth in the Internal Revenue Code as in effect on January 1, 2017. (2) A taxpayer is not entitled to the credit for money that is credited to an account and that will be used to pay for expenses for tuition in connection with enrollment or attendance at an elementary or secondary public, private, or religious school or that will be transferred to an ABLE account. (3) For purposes of determining the recapture of the credit, a withdrawal or distribution that is used to pay for expenses for tuition in connection with enrollment or attendance at an elementary or secondary public, private, or religious school or that is a rollover distribution or transfer of assets or to an ABLE account is a nonqualified withdrawal. Urges the legislative council to assign to the interim study committee on fiscal policy certain study topics related to 529 plans. Requires the Indiana education savings authority to report to the interim study committee on fiscal policy concerning the investment of assets under the education savings programs it administers, including information concerning the ways in which the investment of those assets benefits Indiana.
Employability skills curriculum. Provides that the department of workforce development will establish standards that provide students with career and college planning resources under the Indiana career explorer program and standards. (Current law provides that the department of workforce development will establish curriculum under the Indiana career explorer program and curriculum.) Provides that, not later than July 1, 2019, each school within a school corporation shall include interdisciplinary employability skills standards established by the department of education (department), in conjunction with the department of workforce development and approved by the state board of education, in the school's curriculum. Provides that, if the department determines that the pilot program for instruction in and use of the Indiana career explorer program and standards should be extended, the department, in consultation with the department of workforce development, must increase the number of schools involved in the pilot program by at least 15 additional schools, if possible based on the interest from schools. Provides that the state board of education, in consultation with the department and the department of workforce development, may approve an alternative Internet based system and standards (Current law provides that the department, in consultation with the department of workforce development may approve alternative Internet based system and standards.) Establishes the work ethic certificate program (program). Requires the department of workforce development to administer the program.
HB1167 House concurred in Senate amendments; Roll Call 332: yeas 92, nays 0
Bills to Be Read by the Senate on March 6 at 11:00 a.m.
SR 43 Second reading adopted voice vote
Workforce funding and programs. Requires an annual workforce related program review by the legislative services agency. Provides that the governor shall appoint a secretary of workforce training. Establishes the governor's workforce cabinet to develop, not later than July 1, 2018, a comprehensive career navigation and coaching system for Indiana and requires all high schools to participate in the career coaching program. Requires workforce and education information as part of the biennial budget report that is submitted to the governor and budget committee for preparation of the governor's proposed budget bill. Provides that an emancipated student or the parent of a student enrolled in a career or technical course may voluntarily release information, on a form prescribed by the department of education, pertaining to the student's enrollment in the career and technical education course to potential employers that contact the school to recruit students with particular career and technical skills. Requires the state board of education, when establishing an apprenticeship as a graduation pathway requirement, to establish as an apprenticeship program only an apprenticeship program registered under the federal National Apprenticeship Act or another federal apprenticeship program administered by the United States Department of Labor. Revises eligibility criteria for applicants for high value workforce ready credit-bearing grants, and provides that if the demand for high value workforce ready credit-bearing grants exceeds the appropriation, the commission for higher education shall prioritize applicants who are classified as independent. Specifies that an individual who is enrolled as a part-time postsecondary student, regardless of whether a part-time student is qualified to receive an adult student grant, may participate in the employment aid readiness network (EARN) Indiana program. Transforms Ivy Tech Community College's regional boards of trustees to campus boards of trustees. Provides that the number of members of the state board of trustees of Ivy Tech must equal the number of regions established by the state board of trustees plus one additional member, but shall not exceed 15 members. Establishes the next level jobs employer training grant program. Makes certain changes in the requirements that apply to nurse faculty members. Specifies that these changes apply until June 30, 2021. Urges the legislative council to assign to a study committee the task of studying statutory and administrative barriers that may create disincentives that keep employers from establishing employer provided child care for their employees. Requires the family and social services administration and the Indiana department of transportation to perform a coordinated study on leveraging money for transportation to workforce related programs. Makes conforming amendments.
HB1315 Third reading passed; Roll Call 324: yeas 35, nays 14
School corporation financial management. Allows the distressed unit appeal board (DUAB) to delegate board authority, duties, and responsibilities to the executive director by resolution of the board. Allows the DUAB to adopt rules. Requires the attorney general to represent a member of the fiscal management board, an emergency manager, a chief financial officer, or a chief academic officer if the individual requests the representation. Specifies restrictions on school corporations that are designated distressed. Specifies that waivers regarding the allocation of protected taxes apply only to distressed school corporations and not other distressed units. Provides that, for a period of two years following the termination of a political subdivision's distressed status, the political subdivision may not do any of the following without the prior approval of the DUAB: (1) Adopt a budget, tax levy, or tax rate. (2) Issue bonds. (3) Enter into a lease. Requires a political subdivision to submit certain reports to the DUAB for a period of four years following the termination of the political subdivision's distressed status. Authorizes the emergency manager of a distressed school corporation to cancel any employee's contract or terminate an employee's employment as part of a reduction in force. Provides that notification for a reduction in force of: (1) certificated employees may be delivered after September 30 and before November 1 of the contract year; and (2) noncertificated employees may be delivered at any time. Specifies that the maximum reduction in force of certificated employees under this provision may not exceed 5% of the full-time equivalency for all certificated employees in the certificated employee bargaining unit for the school corporation. Requires the emergency manager to provide any employee whose contract is being canceled with notice at least 90 days before the effective date of the cancellation. Provides that the governing body of a distressed school corporation (or the advisory board, in the case of Gary schools) may file a petition with the DUAB for termination of distressed status only if the school corporation's ongoing revenues exceed the school corporation's ongoing expenses. Specifies that the governing body or advisory board may file such a petition with the DUAB not more than one time in a 12 month period. Makes changes concerning the Gary Community school corporation and its operation. Converts the Gary Community school corporation's governing board to an advisory board. Provides that the advisory board may not hold a public meeting more often than once every three months. Provides that the advisory board may hold additional meetings that are authorized as executive sessions under the open door law. Specifies that the advisory board may vote to fill vacancies and select officers of the advisory board. Deletes from current law the requirements: (1) that the emergency manager for the Gary Community school corporation must consult with the fiscal management board and the governing body; and (2) that the emergency manager for the Gary Community school corporation must consult with the mayor, the fiscal management board, and the governing body when developing the school corporation's annual budget and developing a financial plan, and provides that the emergency manager shall consider any recommendations from these entities. Requires the chief financial officer and chief academic officer to submit a quarterly report the advisory board. Removes the laws concerning the Muncie Community school corporation being a fiscally impaired school corporation. Permits the Ball State University board of trustees to adopt a resolution to govern the Muncie Community school corporation using a newly appointed seven member governing board. Requires certain members of the governing body to reside in the Muncie Community school corporation district. Provides that in making the appointments to the governing body of the Muncie Community school corporation, the Ball State University board of trustees and the President of Ball State University shall strive to ensure that the members appointed to the governing body reflect the geographical and socioeconomic composition of the school district. Provides that the terms of office of the two members appointed by the President of Ball State University expire on June 30, 2022, and beginning July 1, 2022, two members of the board shall be individuals elected at-large. Requires the first elected members to be elected at the 2022 primary election. Specifies that the governing body serving on June 30, 2018, shall become on July 1, 2018, an advisory board to the governing body appointed by the President and board of trustees of Ball State University. Requires the governing body to engage academically innovative strategies. Specifies that only certain laws in IC 20 will apply to the Muncie Community school corporation. Specifies other conditions. Provides that during the period beginning July 1, 2018, and ending June 30, 2022, the DUAB shall provide financial support to the Muncie Community school corporation in an amount that does not exceed the amount of compensation that would have been provided to an emergency manager of the school corporation if the school corporation had retained the designation of a distressed political subdivision. Permits the DUAB to recommend to the state board of finance that the state board of finance make an interest free loan to the Muncie Community school corporation. Establishes a fiscal and qualitative indicators committee (committee) to make determinations about the fiscal and qualitative factors to be used in analyzing the financial condition of school corporations. Specifies certain factors that may be used. Requires the committee to make determinations about the presentation of the factors and the financial condition of school corporations to the public and the frequency of updates. Requires the DUAB to present school financial condition information on its Internet web site or the management performance hub Internet web site. Sets minimum standards for presenting the information. Requires the DUAB to determine the financial condition of each school corporation and whether a school corporation should be placed on a watch list. Requires the executive director of the DUAB to do the following: (1) Report to the state budget committee the process and procedures that will be used before a school corporation is placed on the watch list. (2) Prepare a report identifying each school corporation whose financial condition indicates the potential to be placed on the watch list. Provides that the DUAB may enter into an agreement with a school corporation to develop a corrective action plan. Requires the DUAB to meet in executive session for discussions and determinations related to placing a school corporation on the watch list. Specifies that the DUAB may make a determination to place a school corporation on the watch list only if the DUAB has, at least six months before making the determination, provided notice to the school corporation stating that the DUAB is considering making such a determination. Provides that before a school corporation is placed on a watch list, the school corporation shall be given an opportunity to meet with the DUAB and the DUAB executive director in executive session. Specifies that after the DUAB makes a determination to place the school corporation on the watch list, the school corporation may file an appeal with the DUAB and request removal from the watch list. Provides that until the DUAB has ruled on the appeal, the school corporation may not be placed on the watch list. Specifies that all correspondence and other records related to discussions and determinations concerning whether a school corporation should be placed on the watch list are confidential and not subject to public disclosure unless and until the school corporation is subsequently placed on the watch list. Specifies that if the DUAB finds that: (1) a determination has been provided by the state board of accounts specifying that a corrective action plan is appropriate for a school corporation; or (2) the fiscal and qualitative indicators indicate that a corrective action plan is appropriate for a school corporation; the DUAB shall initiate contact with the chairperson of the governing body and the superintendent of the school corporation and offer to provide technical assistance to the school corporation. Provides that the DUAB may form a technical assistance team. Provides that the governing body of the Indianapolis Public Schools may sell a closed, unused, or unoccupied school building without making the vacant school building available to a charter school if certain conditions are satisfied. Amends the definition of "deficit financing" for a budget year to mean, in the case of any distressed school corporation, the Gary Community school corporation, or the Muncie Community school corporation: (1) actual expenditures; plus (2) additional payments against any outstanding debt obligations; exceeding the employer's current year actual education fund revenue. Provides that until June 30, 2018, the governing body of Gary schools, rather than the emergency manager, shall exercise the power to fill a vacancy on the governing body. Resolves conflicts. Makes technical corrections.
School discipline. Provides that the department of education's (department) model evidence based plan for improving student behavior and discipline must: (1) reduce out-of-school suspension and disproportionality in discipline and expulsion; (2) limit referrals to law enforcement or arrests on school property to cases in which referral to law enforcement or arrest is necessary to protect the health and safety of students or school employees; and (3) include policies to address instances of bullying and cyberbullying on school property of a school corporation. Provides that, beginning in the 2019-2020 school year, the department, in collaboration with parent organizations, teacher organizations, educational support professional organizations, and state educational institutions, shall, upon a school corporation's request, provide information and assistance to the school corporation regarding the implementation of the school corporation's evidence based plan to ensure that teachers and administrators receive appropriate professional development and other resources in preparation for carrying out the plan. Urges the legislative council to assign to an appropriate interim study committee the task of studying the use of positive student discipline and restorative justice practices by elementary and secondary schools. Requires the department to conduct a survey of school corporation school discipline policies to determine the extent to which positive discipline and restorative justice practices are being utilized.
SB217 - Senate concurred in House amendments; Roll Call 341: yeas 49, nays 0
Dyslexia. Requires the following: (1) A school multidisciplinary team must include information about dyslexia in a student's educational evaluation if the multidisciplinary team determines that the student is eligible to receive special education and related services and has or has characteristics of dyslexia. (2) Information about dyslexia must be: (A) discussed by the student's case conference committee if information about dyslexia is included in the student's educational evaluation; and (B) included in the student's individualized education program if the case conference committee determines that the information should be included. Provides that a school corporation and charter school's reading plan shall include indicators to screen for risk factors of dyslexia, using a screening tool approved by the department of education (department). Requires school corporations and charter schools to: (1) use the response to intervention process to address needs of students who are determined to have characteristics of dyslexia; and (2) obtain parental consent before administering a level I dyslexia screening or a level II dyslexia screening. Provides that dyslexia interventions may include certain types of instruction. Requires school corporations and charter schools to report annually to the department regarding the number of students who were: (1) administered the initial dyslexia screening during the school year; and (2) determined to be at risk, or at some risk, for dyslexia. Requires a school corporation and charter school to report on the school corporation's or charter school's Internet web site certain information regarding dyslexia. Requires, not later than July 1, 2019, the department to employ at least one reading specialist trained in dyslexia. Requires, not later than the 2019-2020 school year, each school corporation and charter school to employ at least one individual to serve as an authorized reading specialist trained in dyslexia for the school corporation or charter school. Provides that a school corporation or charter school may receive a waiver from hiring an authorized reading specialist trained in dyslexia in certain circumstances. Requires, not later than the 2019-2020 school year, the department to ensure that each teacher receives professional awareness information on dyslexia. Requires the department to develop and update an Indiana dyslexia resource guide.
Conference Committees for March 7
HB1001 (Bill Scheduled for Hearing); Time & Location: 2:30 PM, Rm. 156-A
HB1074 (Bill Scheduled for Hearing); Time & Location: 9:30 AM, Rm. 156-D
Various higher education matters. Provides that the provisions regarding employment of construction managers as constructors for public works projects applies only to state educational institutions after June 30, 2020. (Current law expires these provisions on July 1, 2020.) Makes changes regarding the: (1) conditions required to qualify for the renewal of a twenty-first century scholars program scholarship; and (2) award amounts to twenty-first century scholars program scholarship applicants who attend a private, approved postsecondary educational institution. Makes the following changes concerning the primary care shortage area scholarship: (1) Amends the practice requirements to receive a scholarship. (2) Amends the repayment requirements for noncompliance with a primary care practice agreement. (3) Allows the commission for higher education (commission) to impose and collect interest on unpaid repayment amounts. (4) Provides that, if the commission and a recipient of a scholarship enter into a new written agreement that complies with the primary care shortage area scholarship provisions, the commission and recipient may terminate an agreement entered into or renewed before July 1, 2018. Requires the chairperson of the commission to appoint a: (1) seven member student member nominating committee; and (2) seven member faculty member nominating committee. (Current law requires the chairperson to appoint a ten member nominating committee of five student members and five faculty members.) Provides that an applicant who: (1) does not maintain satisfactory academic progress as required to be eligible for a high value workforce ready credit-bearing grant; but (2) meets other certain conditions; is still eligible for the grant. Modifies the procedures that a state educational institution must use to dispose of real estate (including any real estate acquired by gift, bequest, or devise). Repeals certain statutes concerning: (1) the disposition of gifts, bequests, and devises of real estate to state educational institutions; and (2) matters that pertain to the closing process in the disposition of real estate by a state educational institution. Makes conforming amendments. Removes an expired provision.
HB1398 (Bill Scheduled for Hearing); Time & Location: 11:00 AM, Rm. 156-B
Coalition of school corporations and schools. Provides that the state board of education (state board) may approve a coalition of continuous improvement school districts (coalition). Provides that certain statutes or rules may be suspended for a coalition member. Specifies that the state board may approve a plan submitted by a proposed coalition that requests the suspension of all or portions of IC 20-30 (curriculum) only if the suspension is related to a specific goal of the proposed coalition. Requires the department of education to annually report to the legislative council information regarding the following: (1) The fiscal impact on a school corporation or school that participates in a coalition. (2) The qualifications of each teacher who teaches in a coalition. (3) The type of future employment for which a student in a coalition is trained, if applicable, and the amount and terms of compensation that a student receives through a coalition's partnership with a member of business or industry. (4) The impact of a coalition member's participation in a coalition on the coalition member's graduation rates. (5) Information regarding where a student in a coalition later obtains full-time employment, if applicable.
Signed by Governor on March 7, 2018
Student possession and use of sunscreen. Provides that a student may possess and use a topical, non-aerosol sunscreen product while on school property or at a school sponsored event or activity without being required to: (1) have a physician's note or prescription; or (2) store the topical, non-aerosol sunscreen product in a specific location; if the product is regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration for over-the-counter use for the purpose of limiting ultraviolet light-induced skin damage. Allows school personnel to assist a student in applying the sunscreen if the school has written permission from the student's parent or guardian. Provides certain civil immunity for school corporations, schools, and school personnel for any action taken to comply with the sunscreen provisions.
THURSDAY
SB172 - Concurrence
Computer science. Establishes the next level computer science grant program (program) and the next level computer science fund (fund) to award grants, after June 30, 2019, to eligible entities to implement teacher professional development programs for training in teaching computer science. Requires the department of education (department) to: (1) administer the program and fund; and (2) develop, in consultation with the governor's office, guidelines to award grants from the fund to eligible entities. Requires, not later than August 1, 2018, the state superintendent of public instruction to enter into a contract for professional development services. Requires the department to biannually submit a progress report to the governor regarding the: (1) development and administration of the program and fund; and (2) status of public schools in meeting computer science curriculum requirements. Provides that, if the department does not comply with the requirements regarding the program and fund, the state board of education shall assume the department's duties. Requires (beginning July 1, 2021) each public school to offer a computer science course as a one semester elective course in its curriculum at least once each school year to high school students. Requires (beginning July 1, 2021) each public school to include computer science in the public school's science curriculum for students in kindergarten through grade 12.
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