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Eberhard Morgenroth
Prof. Dr. Eberhard Morgenroth
Department Process Engineering
Eberhard Morgenroth holds an MS (University of California 1994), Dipl.-Ing. (Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg 1995), and PhD (Technical University of Munich 1998), all in civil and environmental engineering. After two years of postdoctoral research at the Technical University of Denmark he was a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2000 to 2009). Since 2009 he is a Professor for Process Engineering in Urban Water Management with appointments at ETH Zürich and at Eawag. At Eawag he is head of the process engineering department. His research interests include wastewater treatment, membrane bioreactors for water reuse, control of biofilms, biofilm reactors, biological drinking water treatment, decentralized wastewater treatment, and energy recovery from wastewater and organic residuals. He is an editor for Water Research and for Water Science & Technology.
Professor for Process Engineering in Urban Water Management,
ETH: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich,
Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf
1994 University of California, Davis: Master of Science in Civil and Environmental Engineering
1995 Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg (Germany): Diplom-Ingenieur in Civil and Environmental Engineering
1998 Technical University of Munich (Germany), Department of Water Quality and Waste Management Environmental Engineering: Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Ph.D.)
since 2013 Director of Studies in Environmental Engineering (D-BAUG, ETH Zürich)
since 2012 Head of the Process Engineering Department at Eawag
2009 to date Professor, ETH: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich and
2009 to date Professor, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
2007-2009 Associate Professor, University of Illinois, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Animal Science.
2000-2007 Assistant Professor, University of Illinois, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Animal Science.
1998-2000 Assistant Research Professor Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
Major Research Areas
Biological wastewater treatment using activated sludge, granular biomass, or biofilm based systems
Biological drinking water treatment
Mixed culture environmental biotechnology for bioenergy production
Sustainable development of urban water management
International Water Association (IWA): Member of the task group on biofilm modeling 1999 - 2006
Abwassertechnische Vereinigung (DWA, German water and wastewater association): Member of the working group 7.5.6 on biofilm processes since 1999
International Water Association (IWA): Chair of the management committee of the specialist group on environmental engineering education since 2000
International Water Association (IWA): Member of the management committee of the specialist group on biofilms since 2000
International Water Association (IWA): Member of the management committee of the specialist group on Systems Analysis and Integrated Assessment since 2002
International Water Association (IWA): Member of the advisory panel of the IWA Young Water Professionals (YWP) program since 2005
International Water Association (IWA): Member of the USA National Committee. Since 2008.
Water Environment Federation (WEF) and International Water Association (IWA): Co-chair of the scientific and organizing committee for the WEF/IWA conference on Biofilm Reactor Technology to be held in 2010.
2007 - 2009 Harold E. Babbitt Faculty Scholar in Civil and Environmental Engineering
2004 Xerox Awards for Faculty Research from the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois recognizing outstanding research during the past year.
2003 and 2007 "List of Teachers Ranked as Excellent by Their Students"
2003-2004 Beckman Fellow at the Center for Advanced Studies at the University of Illinois
2003 C-FAR Donald A. Holt Achievement Award as part of the Livestock and Urban Waste Recycling Research Team awarded by the Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research.
since 2002 Editor for Water Research
2002 NSF Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Award.
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Onsite treatment of water and wastewater
OnSite Technologien OST
Inadequate access to microbiologically safe drinking water continuously threatens the health and well-being of more than a billion people, primarily in developing countries
GDM Gravity-Driven Membrane technology
Sustainable urban water and wastewater management applied and implemented in the modular NEST building.
WaterHub within NEST
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Biofilm models for the practitioner
Even though mathematical biofilm models are extensively used in biofilm research, there has been very little application of these models in the engineering practice so far. However, practitioners would be interested in models that can be used as tools to control plant operation under dynamic conditions or to help them handle complex interactions between particle removal, carbon oxidation, nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal. But even though there is a whole range of biofilm models available, it is difficult for the practitioner to select the appropriate modeling approach. Practitioners, experimenters and modelers should work together to identify the important processes that shoud be included in models. Guidance for model selection, calibration and application should be provided.
Morgenroth, E.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M.; Wanner, O. (2000) Biofilm models for the practitioner, Water Science and Technology, 41(4-5), 509-512, doi:10.2166/wst.2000.0486, Institutional Repository
Biofilm modeling with AQUASIM
AQUASIM is a computer program for the identification and simulation of aquatic systems. The program includes a one-dimensional multisubstrate and multispecies biofilm model and represents a suitable tool for biofilm simulation. The program can be used to calculate substrate removal in biofilm reactors for any user specified microbial system. One-dimensional spatial profiles of substrates and microbial species in the biofilm can be predicted. The program also calculates the development of the biofilm thickness and of the substrates and microbial species in the biofilm and in the bulk fluid over time. Detachment and attachment of microbial cells at the biofilm surface and in the biofilm interior can be considered, and simulations of sloughing events can be performed. Furthermore, AQUASIM allows pseudo two-dimensional modeling of plug flow biofilm reactors by a series of biofilm reactor compartments. The most significant limitation of the model is that it only considers spatial gradients of substrates and microbial species in the biofilm in the direction perpendicular to the substratum.
Wanner, O.; Morgenroth, E. (2004) Biofilm modeling with AQUASIM, Water Science and Technology, 49(11-12), 137-144, doi:10.2166/wst.2004.0824, Institutional Repository
Influence of shear on the production of extracellular polymeric substances in membrane bioreactors
Shear is used to control fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. However, shear also influences the physicochemical and biological properties of MBR biomass. The current study examines the relationship between the level of shear and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production in MBRs. Two identical MBRs were operated in parallel where the biomass in one reactor was exposed to seven times greater shear forces. The concentrations of floc-associated and soluble EPS were monitored for the duration of the experiment. The stickiness of extracted floc-associated EPS from each reactor was also characterized using atomic force microscopy. A mathematical model of floc-associated and soluble EPS production was applied to quantitatively describe changes in EPS production with shear. Biomass grown in a high shear environment has lower floc-associated EPS production compared to biomass grown in a lower shear environment. This decrease in floc-associated EPS production also corresponds to a decrease in soluble EPS production, which can be explained by both the lower concentration of floc-associated EPS and the production of stickier floc-associated EPS that is more erosion resistant in the high shear reactor. This research suggests that mechanical stresses can have a significant impact on the production rates of floc-associated and soluble EPS—key parameters governing membrane fouling in MBRs.
Menniti, A.; Kang, S.; Elimelech, M.; Morgenroth, E. (2009) Influence of shear on the production of extracellular polymeric substances in membrane bioreactors, Water Research, 43(17), 4305-4315, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.052, Institutional Repository
Analyzing characteristic length scales in biofilm structures
The quantification of biofilm structure based on image analysis requires a statistical measure like representative elemental areas (REA) to determine the necessary size of biofilm area to be imaged. In this study, REAs for biofilm structure were calculated for the descriptors Gray level and Correlation (COR) derived from a spatial gray level dependence matrix analysis (SGLDM). An important difference between these two descriptors is their response to structural features at different spatial scales. Gray level is a scale-independent descriptor, whereas COR is scale-dependent. For scale-independent descriptors, the size of the individual images is not relevant when determining REAs. This is in contrast to scale-dependent descriptors for which REAs can only be determined when the area of each image covers the range of structural variability of the biofilm. We used COR to analyze scale dependence of structural heterogeneity at different length scales. A characteristic length of 400 µm in biofilm images provides structural information relevant for mass transport phenomena in biofilms. Overall REAs for gray level and COR were on average 3.4 mm2. The scale-dependent descriptor COR could not in all cases accurately be determined from combining individual image analysis results - even when the combined area resulted in the REA. Microscope and camera specifications define the upper and lower limit of detectable characteristic length that can be extracted from images and should therefore be considered in the experimental design when choosing an imaging technique.
Milferstedt, K.; Pons, M. N.; Morgenroth, E. (2009) Analyzing characteristic length scales in biofilm structures, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 102(2), 368-379, doi:10.1002/bit.22075, Institutional Repository
Evaluating operating conditions for outcompeting nitrite oxidizers and maintaining partial nitrification in biofilm systems using biofilm modeling and Monte Carlo filtering
In practice, partial nitrification to nitrite in biofilms has been achieved with a range of different operating conditions, but mechanisms resulting in reliable partial nitrification in biofilms are not well understood. In this study, mathematical biofilm modeling combined with Monte Carlo filtering was used to evaluate operating conditions that (1) lead to outcompetition of nitrite oxidizers from the biofilm, and (2) allow to maintain partial nitrification during long-term operation. Competition for oxygen was found to be the main mechanism for displacing nitrite oxidizers from the biofilm, and preventing re-growth of nitrite oxidizers in the long-term. To maintain partial nitrification in the model, a larger oxygen affinity (i.e., smaller half saturation constant) for ammonium oxidizers compared to nitrite oxidizers was required, while the difference in maximum growth rate was not important for competition under steady state conditions. Thus, mechanisms for washout of nitrite oxidizing bacteria from biofilms are different from suspended cultures where the difference in maximum growth rate is a key mechanism. Inhibition of nitrite oxidizers by free ammonia was not required to outcompete nitrite oxidizers from the biofilm, and to maintain partial nitrification to nitrite. But inhibition by free ammonia resulted in faster washout of nitrite oxidizers.
Brockmann, D.; Morgenroth, E. (2010) Evaluating operating conditions for outcompeting nitrite oxidizers and maintaining partial nitrification in biofilm systems using biofilm modeling and Monte Carlo filtering, Water Research, 44(6), 1995-2009, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.010, Institutional Repository
The influence of aeration intensity on predation and EPS production in membrane bioreactors
Shear, in the form of vigorous aeration, is used to control fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems. However, shear also influences the physicochemical and biological properties of MBR biomass. The current study examines the relationship between the aeration intensity and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production in MBRs. Two identical submerged MBRs were operated in parallel but the aeration rate was three times greater in one of the MBRs. The concentrations of floc-associated and soluble EPS were monitored for the duration of the experiment. Microscopic images and floc-size measurements were also collected regularly. The membrane fouling potential of the biomass was quantified using the flux-step method. Increased aeration did not have a direct effect on soluble or floc-associated EPS production in the microfiltration MBRs. However, aeration intensity had a significant effect on predatory organisms. Large aquatic earthworms, Aeolosoma hemprichi, proliferated under lower shear conditions but were never observed in the high shear reactor. Predation by A. hemprichi resulted in increased floc-associated and soluble EPS production. Thus, the mixing conditions in the low shear MBR indirectly resulted in increased soluble EPS concentrations and higher fouling potential. This research suggests that predation can have a significant impact on the production rates of floc-associated and soluble EPS – key parameters driving membrane fouling in MBRs.
Menniti, A.; Morgenroth, E. (2010) The influence of aeration intensity on predation and EPS production in membrane bioreactors, Water Research, 44(8), 2541-2553, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.024, Institutional Repository
Predation influences the structure of biofilm developed on ultrafiltration membranes
This study investigates the impact of predation by eukaryotes on the development of specific biofilm structures in gravity-driven dead-end ultrafiltration systems. Filtration systems were operated under ultra-low pressure conditions (65 mbar) without the control of biofilm formation. Three different levels of predation were evaluated: (1) inhibition of eukaryotic organisms, (2) addition of cultured protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis), and (3) no modification of microbial community as a control. The system performance was evaluated based on permeate flux and structures of the biofilm. It was found that predation had a significant influence on both the total amount and also the structure of the biofilm. An open and heterogeneous structure developed in systems with predation whereas a flat, compact, and thick structure that homogeneously covered the membrane surface developed in absence of predation. Permeate flux was correlated with the structure of the biofilm with increased fluxes for smaller membrane coverage. Permeate fluxes in the presence or absence of the predators was 10 and 5 L m−2 h−1, respectively. It was concluded that eukaryotic predation is a key factor influencing the performance of gravity-driven ultrafiltration systems.
Derlon, N.; Peter-Varbanets, M.; Scheidegger, A.; Pronk, W.; Morgenroth, E. (2012) Predation influences the structure of biofilm developed on ultrafiltration membranes, Water Research, 46(10), 3323-3333, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.031, Institutional Repository
Activity of metazoa governs biofilm structure formation and enhances permeate flux during Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) filtration
The impact of different feed waters in terms of eukaryotic populations and organic carbon content on the biofilm structure formation and permeate flux during Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) filtration was investigated in this study. GDM filtration was performed at ultra-low pressure (65 mbar) in dead-end mode without control of the biofilm formation. Different feed waters were tested (River water, pre-treated river water, lake water, and tap water) and varied with regard to their organic substrate content and their predator community. River water was manipulated either by chemically inhibiting all eukaryotes or by filtering out macrozoobenthos (metazoan organisms). The structure of the biofilm was characterized at the meso- and micro-scale using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), respectively. Based on Total Organic Carbon (TOC) measurements, the river waters provided the highest potential for bacterial growth whereas tap water had the lowest. An increasing content in soluble and particulate organic substrate resulted in increasing biofilm accumulation on membrane surface. However, enhanced biofilm accumulation did not result in lower flux values and permeate flux was mainly influenced by the structure of the biofilm. Metazoan organisms (in particular nematodes and oligochaetes) built-up protective habitats, which resulted in the formation of open and spatially heterogeneous biofilms composed of biomass patches. In the absence of predation by metazoan organisms, a flat and compact biofilm developed. It is concluded that the activity of metazoan organisms in natural river water and its impact on biofilm structure balances the detrimental effect of a high biofilm accumulation, thus allowing for a broader application of GDM filtration. Finally, our results suggest that for surface waters with high particulate organic carbon (POC) content, the use of worms is suitable to enhance POC removal before ultrafiltration units.
Derlon, N.; Koch, N.; Eugster, B.; Posch, T.; Pernthaler, J.; Pronk, W.; Morgenroth, E. (2013) Activity of metazoa governs biofilm structure formation and enhances permeate flux during Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) filtration, Water Research, 47(6), 2085-2095, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.033, Institutional Repository
Biofilm formation and permeate quality improvement in Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration
The effects of biofilm development on ultrafiltration membranes with regards to permeate stability and permeation rates were investigated using Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) filtration. The first part of the study aimed at evaluating the influence of the biofilm on permeate flux quality and quantity with regards to Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) degradation. In addition, two types of biological pre-treatments were evaluated: slow sand filtration and packed bed bio-reactor, compared to a control (no treatment). Biofilm formation helped to decrease the AOC content of permeate water, compared to the influent. Both pre-treatments additionally reduced AOC level in permeate and thus increased its biological stability, however none of the systems were able to guarantee microbiologically stable water. Removal of AOC before the GDM filtration reduced the biofilm growth potential, which in turn influenced its physical structure and enhanced the permeation rates. Influence of inorganic particle removal by pre-sedimentation and its effect on the biofilm structure was also studied. Pre-sedimentation of particle populations selected fine and homogenous particle fractions, which lead to the formation of a homogenous biofilm structure characterized by an increased hydraulic resistance. This was clearly visible between horizontally and vertically installed membranes where the latter ones had a significantly reduced flux despite lower deposited particle mass. Presence of larger, heterogeneous particle fractions counterbalanced the negative effects of the fine particles, which overall resulted in enhanced permeation rates.
Chomiak, A.; Mimoso, J.; Koetzsch, S.; Sinnet, B.; Pronk, W.; Derlon, N.; Morgenroth, E. (2014) Biofilm formation and permeate quality improvement in Gravity Driven Membrane ultrafiltration, Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 14(2), 274-282, doi:10.2166/ws.2013.197, Institutional Repository
Inorganic particles increase biofilm heterogeneity and enhance permeate flux
This study investigated the influence of inorganic particles on the hydraulic resistance of biofilm grown on membrane surface during low-pressure dead-end ultrafiltration. Gravity-driven ultrafiltration membrane systems were operated during several weeks without any flushing or cleaning. Smaller (kaolin d0.5 = 3.6 μm) or larger (kaolin with diatomaceous earth 50/50%, d0.5 = 18.1 μm) particles were added to pre-filtered creek water or to unfiltered creek water. It was demonstrated in both experiments that presence of finer particles in the feed water (kaolin) induced formation of compact and homogeneous biofilm structure. On the other hand presence of the larger particles (diatomite) helped to counterbalance the effect of fine particles due to the formation of more heterogeneous and permeable biofilm structure. The hydraulic resistance of biofilms formed with fine particles was significantly higher than the resistance of biofilm formed in (1) absence of any inorganic particles or (2) in presence of the mixed particle population. The membrane orientation (vertical or horizontal) determined which particles were accumulating at the membrane surface, with structural differences shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). For vertical membranes, the larger particles were selectively removed due to sedimentation and did not contribute to the biofilm development. Thus the selection of smaller particles due to vertical membrane configuration negatively affected the biofilm structure and permeation rates, and such selective accumulation of fine particles should be avoided.
Chomiak, A.; Sinnet, B.; Derlon, N.; Morgenroth, E. (2014) Inorganic particles increase biofilm heterogeneity and enhance permeate flux, Water Research, 64, 177-186, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.045, Institutional Repository
Morgenroth, E.; Derlon, N.; Pronk, W.; Larsen, T. A. (2015) Von der Grundlagenforschung zur Anwendung: Trinkwasseraufbereitung und Sanitärversorgung, (14 pp.), Institutional Repository
Version_Web_23mar17.Cv_short_engl_2017.Morgenroth_01.pdf
E-Mail: eberhard.morgenroth@cluttereawag.ch
Address: Eawag
Office: BU B13
Biofilm reactors, gravity driven membrane filtration, environmental biotechnology, urban water management
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Q: How to solve ESLint is missing in props validation in React? I am using React to do create a small Carousel using swiperJS and I have the following code:
import { Swiper } from "swiper/react";
import React from "react";

export default function SwiperContainer(props) {
    const { slides, navigation = true, clickable = true, dynamicBullets = true } = props;
    return (<Swiper dir="rtl" lazy={true} slidesPerView={1} spaceBetween={30} breakpoints={{
        // when window width is >= 320px
        320: {
            slidesPerView: 2, spaceBetween: 10
        }, // when window width is >= 640px
        640: {
            slidesPerView: 2, spaceBetween: 10
        }, // when window width is >= 768px
        768: {
            slidesPerView: 2, spaceBetween: 10
        }, // when window width is >= 1024px
        1024: {
            slidesPerView: 4, spaceBetween: 10
        },
    }} navigation={navigation} pagination={{
        "clickable": { clickable }, "dynamicBullets": { dynamicBullets }
    }} className="what-customer-say-swiper pt-1 pb-1" style={{ zIndex: 0, }}>
        {slides}
    </Swiper>);
}

And I am using ESLint with my project but it gives me this error.
Line 5:13:  'slides' is missing in props validation          react/prop-types
Line 5:21:  'navigation' is missing in props validation      react/prop-types
Line 5:40:  'clickable' is missing in props validation       react/prop-types
Line 5:58:  'dynamicBullets' is missing in props validation  react/prop-types

A: You should define PropTypes for your component
export default function SwiperContainer(props) {
    const { slides, navigation = true, clickable = true, dynamicBullets = true } = props;
    return (<Swiper dir="rtl" lazy={true} slidesPerView={1} spaceBetween={30} breakpoints={{
        // when window width is >= 320px
        320: {
            slidesPerView: 2, spaceBetween: 10
        }, // when window width is >= 640px
        640: {
            slidesPerView: 2, spaceBetween: 10
        }, // when window width is >= 768px
        768: {
            slidesPerView: 2, spaceBetween: 10
        }, // when window width is >= 1024px
        1024: {
            slidesPerView: 4, spaceBetween: 10
        },
    }} navigation={navigation} pagination={{
        "clickable": { clickable }, "dynamicBullets": { dynamicBullets }
    }} className="what-customer-say-swiper pt-1 pb-1" style={{ zIndex: 0, }}>
        {slides}
    </Swiper>);
}

SwiperContainer.propTypes = {
  slides: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.element),
  navigation: PropTypes.bool,
  clickable: PropTypes.bool,
  dynamicBullets: PropTypes.bool
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Working from home or a home office gives me far more flexibility than I ever had in my more traditional management job previously. Gone are the days of 'no patterns' or 'must wear a jacket to attend meetings' and these days it's not unusual for me to wear nothing but my Sketchers memory foam boots (I call them my 'slippers' but they are in fact boots) and my trainers for an entire week. It's also not unusual for me to leave the house only to go running... This inevitably means there are two camps of people who react to me wearing 'real' clothes- the ones who see me wearing leggings and a massive jumper all day, and the ones who only ever see me in my running kit with my hair scraped back.
1. You look so... different?!
Usually from fellow runners. Because yes, not wearing running tights and putting make-up on (even at my low skill level) changes my appearance quite significantly. Especially with my current penchant for dark lipstick and regularly styling my hair.
What do you mean it's weird to just put a jumper on over my kit all morning rather than get dressed to get changed later?
In another life, I wore heels every single day. Not skyscrapers, but heels enough for people to think of me as about average height thanks to an extra inch or two. Now I only wear them erratically, people notice I've suddenly gained those inches and subsequently realise that I am in fact, quite short.
Well look who scrubbed up alright after all! Call me vain, but I do find catch myself glancing at mirrors as I pass when I'm wearing make-up and more than the denim leggings with a hole in them. A combination of disbelief that I don't actually look too rough and momentary thought that maybe I should just make more effort all the time usually precede my thinking that really it's all a bit too much effort for a normal day when I don't leave the house.
Rock n roll baby- off out to.... an 80h birthday afternoon tea!
4. Why do I have nothing to wear?
Well that would be because you are so obsessive when it comes to clearing things out that you don't wear regularly Chloe. And since you don't count going for dinner as a regular occurrence, yes, yes you were foolish enough to get rid of that nice top that makes your skinny jeans and ankle boots look sort of interesting.
5. See also... why does nothing fit?
If, by some miracle I have managed not to get rid of that dress in my wardrobe I haven't worn since this time last year, I always seem a bit surprised that it not longer fits like it used to. I haven't lost or gained vast amounts of weight in the last 12-18 months, but my shaped has changed quite a lot due to the running, cycling and other training I do. And those changes in size and shape seem to be a continuing theme. It's always a bit gutting to realise the much depended upon dress for every night out is no longer viable and the stressful process of replacement could easily take weeks!
Whilst it's easy to think this is a 'work from home' problem, I can imagine this must happen to those of you work in uniforms or environments that require specialist clothing? Let me know what I've missed from this list if this happens to you!


Dancing Heals are a four piece Melbourne band doing what they love and loving what they do.
Into The Night is their debut album and it was recorded over a period of 12 months and this length of time recording has a lot to do with the end result. Songs have a great ability to evolve when recorded over time and the tracklist for the album comes from the bands entire history, though even the oldest tracks have evolved with recent experiences.
The sounds are very mellow and contain great depth while still evoking great energy, it's almost a mellow sound purely because the energy is tightly reined to ensure it doesn't get out of control.
Into The Night is a little electro, a little pop, and a lot of fun. It is toe tapping fun and great for a background soundtrack to pretty much anything really.
At times extremely melodic, lilting and sometimes melancholic this is an album well worth the listen. And if you have a chance to check out their videos I suggest you do. The one for Live and Learn is quite clever and interesting to watch unfold.


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Home Analysis Liverpool vs Watford Preview: Shots, xT timeline and more – what do...
Liverpool vs Watford Preview: Shots, xT timeline and more – what do the stats say?
Liverpool will host Watford at Anfield in the Premier League on Saturday as club football returns after a two-week break. The Reds are on a nine-game winning streak in the league and have gone unbeaten in their last ten games since a 0-1 loss to Leicester City in December. With Manchester City dropping points in their last few games, the Reds are now only a point behind them in second place, with nine games in hand.
Liverpool won their previous fixture against Nottingham Forest in the FA Cup thanks to a Diogo Jota strike in the second half. With that win against Forest in the quarter-finals, the Reds have now set up a semi-final fixture against Manchester City in the FA Cup. The Reds completed a comfortable 2-0 win against Arsenal in their EPL fixture. Liverpool have lost only two games in the Premier League and have a great defensive record. They have the joint-most number of clean sheets in the Premier League alongside Manchester City.
The above visual indicates that Arsenal did create several chances against Liverpool, but the Reds did well to deny the attacks. The xT timeline indicates that Arsenal created a threat for the Liverpool defense throughout the game, but were unable to capitalize on these chances. Liverpool had two shots on target and scored with both of these shots on goal.
Liverpool players have attempted 331 shots on goal from inside the penalty area and have hit the target 152 times. Liverpool players have taken 912 touches inside the opposition's box, the most this season, with an average of 29.24 touches per 90. Liverpool always manage to get more players in the opposition's box and build their way through the opposition's defense.
Watford are involved in yet another relegation scramble, sitting in 18th place, with six wins and 22 points from 29 games. The Hornets have already seen three managers this season, with Xisco and Claudio Ranieri being sacked, and Roy Hodgson taking over in January. Watford have shown signs of improvement under Hodgson, but there's still a long way to go for them.
Watford have attempted 2027 defensive duels and have won approximately 60% of their aerial duels. They have won 38.75 duels per 90 minutes but have still struggled to stop the opposition's attacks. They only managed to keep their first clean sheet in the 23rd game they played this season and have conceded 55 goals so far. They will have to put up better defensive performances to get positive results if they want to move out of the relegation zone.
City and Liverpool are set to face each other at the Etihad in a potentially title-deciding clash next weekend. Both teams will be cautious against dropping points in that game. Liverpool have beaten Watford 5-0 in the reverse fixture this season and should be able to claim a victory against the Hornets on Saturday.
Alisson; Gomez, Matip, Van Dijk, Robertson; Henderson, Fabinho, Thiago; Salah, Firmino, Jota.
Watford predicted starting lineup:
Foster; Femenia, Kabasele, Samir, Kamara; Louza, Sissoko, Kucka; Hernandez, Pedro, Dennis.
Previous articleUnder the microscope: Is it necessary for Liverpool to look for a replacement for outbound Divock Origi?
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The chairman of the House subcommittee responsible for oversight of the U.S. Coast Guard said yesterday that he will convene a hearing to explore allegations that the agency's administrative law system is biased and that its judges are pressured to rule in the Coast Guard's favor.
Rep. Elijah E. Cummings, a Baltimore Democrat, said he also plans to ask Commandant Thad W. Allen to consider immediate action to protect the rights of defendants whose cases are now before the Coast Guard's courts.
"This needs to be looked at quickly," said Cummings, chairman of the Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation. "Even the appearance of injustice or impropriety cannot be tolerated."
Cummings was responding to an article published yesterday in The Sun -- based on evidence in federal court records, computer files, internal memos and the sworn testimony of a former agency judge -- suggesting that the Coast Guard's system is stacked against mariners. The Baltimore-based administrative court system handles hundreds of cases each year brought by the agency against civilian mariners accused of negligence, misconduct or other infractions, and its judges have the authority to suspend or revoke the credentials that mariners must have in order to work.
Former Coast Guard Administrative Law Judge Jeffie J. Massey, who left the agency in March and 10 days later gave a sworn statement about her experience, said she was told by Chief Judge Joseph N. Ingolia that she was not a judge but rather a tool to enable the Coast Guard to gain the rulings it wants.
"I was specifically told [by Ingolia] that I should always rule for the Coast Guard," she testified.
According to Massey, court records and internal memorandums obtained by The Sun, Ingolia told other judges how to rule in cases and dictated policy through private memos that were never shared with defendants or their lawyers, a practice that could violate federal laws requiring that agency judicial procedures be published and subject to challenge. And staff attorneys for the chief judge and the commandant's office discussed cases with Coast Guard investigators, possibly violating mariners' right to an impartial hearing.
Out of more than 6,300 charges brought in the past eight years, mariners prevailed in just 14, according to agency records. When dismissals are included, records show that the Coast Guard wins or reaches a settlement in more than 97 percent of its cases.
"I practiced law for 20 years, and I can't imagine some of this stuff happening," said Cummings, who had a general practice in Baltimore before being elected to Congress in 1996. "You don't have investigators and judges' staff talking to each other, not if what you're looking for is fairness. If these things that are being said are accurate, then anyone in the mariners' position would be hard pressed to believe that they're going to have their case heard in a fair and impartial manner. And we need to address that."
Coast Guard officials, who have declined to discuss the issue with The Sun, citing pending lawsuits filed by mariners against Ingolia and others, released a statement yesterday saying that Allen is "committed to ensuring that proceedings involving the suspension and revocation of merchant mariner documents ... are fair and provide due process to mariners."
Cummings said he hopes to have Massey testify before members of Congress, and Massey said yesterday that she would if asked.
"I am willing to tell the truth about what happened at the Coast Guard with anyone who will listen," said Massey, reached at her home in Texas. "What they are doing is wrong, and people need to know about it."
Cummings said he and Rep. James L. Oberstar, a Minnesota Democrat, will decide in the next few days whether to convene a hearing before the Coast Guard subcommittee or the full House Transportation Committee, which Oberstar chairs. He said he hopes to hold the hearing soon after Congress returns from its Fourth of July recess.
In her statement, Massey said a former colleague expressed fear for his job if he didn't rule in favor of the Coast Guard, even though a mariner had offered what the judge thought was compelling evidence of his innocence.
And court records allege that an attorney who helps write appellate decisions for the commandant met with Coast Guard investigators, who also serve as prosecutors, and discussed issues in pending cases. If true, it would violate federal laws guaranteeing separation of a court's judicial and appellate branches.
Two attorneys in New Orleans have filed complaints with the Justice Department alleging that the meetings and other evidence from Massey's statements amount to obstruction of justice. Officials at the Justice Department have declined to comment.
Richard A. Block, secretary of a Louisiana organization formed to promote the rights of mariners who work in the Gulf of Mexico, called the findings "an absolute disgrace that has sabotaged the United States Merchant Marine." In a letter yesterday to The Sun, he questioned how any mariner who appeared before Coast Guard judges could be confident of a fair hearing and called on the agency to reopen cases to ensure that outcomes were just.
"How many merchant mariners' careers were interrupted or destroyed when they were denied due process?" he asked.


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Cricket Series Archive
Cricket Series Archive 2015-16
Pakistan Women tour of West Indies 2015
Taylor replaces Aguilleira as West Indies captain
by John Pennington Friday 4 September 2015
Stafanie Taylor is the new captain of West Indies Women
©International Cricket Council
Stafanie Taylor has replaced Merissa Aguilleira as captain of West Indies Women ahead of home series against Pakistan in October.
Taylor, one of the most powerful batsman in women's cricket, steps up from her previous role as vice-captain to Aguilleira, who led the side since the 2009 ICC Women's World Cup in Australia.
During that time, she guided the team to the final of the ICC Women's World Cup in 2013, where they lost out to Australia, and to the semi-finals of the ICC Women's World Twenty20 in 2010, 2012 and 2014.
West Indies Women v Pakistan Women
16th October: 1st ODI, St Lucia
18th October: 2nd ODI, St Lucia*
21st October: 3rd ODI, St Lucia*
24th October: 4th ODI, St Lucia*
29th October: 1st T20I, Grenada
31st October: 2nd T20I, Grenada
1st November: 3rd T20I, Grenada
*ICC Women's Championship ODI
The wicket-keeper remains part of an 18-player training squad that has been named ahead of the four One-Day Internationals and three Twenty20 Internationals against Pakistan Women next month.
"Merissa has been there for a long time and did a pretty good job, but we feel the time is right for a new leader and we have chosen Stafanie," Clive Lloyd, Head West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) Selector, said.
"She has done well for Windies Women with bat and ball, and has led Jamaica Women successfully, so leading the team would not be alien to her.
"It's a change that we hope will bring new energy to the team and take it from strength to strength.
"We believe we can develop a pretty good women's team for the future and we see Stafanie as the person that could give us that impetus for the future.
"Stafanie has played quite a lot, she has been ICC Player of the Year and she will be able to lead by example," he added.
The change was recommended by the WICB Selection Panel and endorsed by the WICB Directors earlier this week.
Taylor has led Jamaica to clean sweeps of domestic titles between 2010 and 2014 and has played 84 ODIs and 62 Twenty20 Internationals for West Indies.
The 18-strong training squad includes one newcomer in 20-year-old off-spinner Karishma Ramharack.
Kyshona Knight, Chedean Nation and Vanessa Watts have been recalled while new vice-captain Shakera Selman and Shaquana Quintyne are back after recovering from injuries.
The final three ODIs between the two sides will count towards the ICC Women's Championship, from which the top four sides will qualify automatically for the 2017 ICC Women's World Cup.
West Indies currently lie in third place with 10 points from nine matches while Pakistan are in fifth with eight points.
The squad will head to Saint Lucia for a two-week period in late September to prepare for the series.
West Indies Women training squad: Stafanie Taylor (captain), Shakera Selman (vice-captain), Merissa Aguilleira, Shemaine Campbelle, Shamilia Connell, Britney Cooper, Deandra Dottin, Afy Fletcher, Stacy-Ann King, Kycia Knight, Kyshona Knight, Hayley Matthews, Anisa Mohammed, Chedean Nation, Shaquana Quintyne, Karishma Ramharack, Tremayne Smartt, Vanessa Watts
© Cricket World 2015
West Indies to host Pakistan Women in October
ICC Women's Championship, Shakera Selman, Stafanie Taylor, West Indies
ICC U19 CWC: England v West Indies Highlights
3rd T20I West Indies v Ireland - West Indies too good for Ireland and tie T20I series
West Indies Championship - Official Points Standings after the second round
ICC U19 Cricket World Cup – Wins for West Indies and Australia
West Indies v Ireland 2nd T20I – Match abandoned due to Rain
Match Prediction ICC Under 19 World Cup 2020 - England U19 v West Indies U19
ICC U19 World Cup: Wins for West Indies, Bangladesh and UAE
West Indies Championship - 1st day, 2nd round - Roach grabs 4-28 for Pride against Jaguars


Form 1040, Form 1120 and 1120s, Form 1065 and Gift Taxes.
Our experienced team can file the Unfiled Taxes from 2000 to the present.
Whether you delay filing your tax return for a year or two, or many years, it's not worth it. Believe it or not – ten million people or more fail to file their tax returns each year! That's incredible – who would have thought that, right? If you are a "nonfiler", in addition to having to pay back taxes, you could be looking at criminal and civil penalties.
One thing that's very real is that the IRS is becoming very good at finding nonfilers. So while the IRS may not have found you yet, if you have an unfiled tax return than sooner or later they will and they will want their unpaid back taxes. They utilize what's called "substitute for return" procedures in this case. Failure to file or tax evasion can be very serious if not dealt with. It's wise to handle these situations head-o.
If you are being pursued these types of tax issues, you'll probably get a call from the IRS Criminal Investigation Division. You need to know that they routinely make an example of a few people so the rest of the taxpaying public will take notice. Essentially they are trying to communicate "don't do this – if you do, your life could be destroyed." They are very successful in their efforts, but you do not have to get to this point.
Allows taxpayers to submit the missing returns and usually avoid prosecution. However, all unfiled tax returns must be fully accurate – this is critically important. If not, the chance of criminal prosecution is heightened.
If you think this is a good course of action for you, be sure and do your best to voluntarily inform the IRS of your failure to file, and let them know that your income emanated from legal sources.
You also need to file a correct tax return, make full payment and make the disclosure before finding out you are under criminal investigation.
Another interesting point: The IRS has increased its budget for technology that helps locate non-filing taxpayers; in fact they have targeted the problem as a high priority. They use computer matching and software programs to help as well. The IRS Information Reporting System (IRP) matches W-2's and 1099's to the tax documents submitted.
At the law office of Steven N. Klitzner, we have the knowledge and the experience necessary to assist you with your back taxes and unfiled tax returns. Dealing with the IRS be one of the most stressful times of anyone's life; don't handle it alone – get a tax lawyer who has experience dealing directly with the IRS for clients and who has helped people in similar situations get rid of their IRS problems.


The Grand Master Most Worshipful James Edward Litten issued a Proclamation directing each subordinate Lodge to have its Temple open one day, in the month of October to the public. Occoquan Lodge 310 has chosen to have our Open House on October 23rd from 12:00 pm to 5:00 pm. We invite the public to stop in to meet with some of the members of the Lodge, ask questions, and take a tour of the Lodge Room.
There will be light refreshments available throughout the day for both visitors and participants and some Halloween candy for the kids. Please spread the word and invite your family, friends and acquaintances. If you have any questions about the event please feel free to email them by clicking here or emailing our lodge at Occoquanlodge310@gmail.com .


Join us at the beautiful Virginia Beach Oceanfront to network with credit union peers and learn from industry leaders. The conference is designed for credit union professionals in marketing, business development, financial education, community relations, and more. Attendees will learn the latest best practices in the industry from top-notch speakers and have a ton of fun as well!
Two-Day Conference Cost: $349 for first attendee from your credit union and $329 for each additional attendee.
Hotel Discounted rate of $159 is good for Wednesday through Saturday night.
Call 757-305-9000 and use code VACUL.


A Silvertip kit is not only much easier to use relative to mixing your own fillers, the products themselves outperform general purpose epoxy and glues, putties, or fairing pastes made by mixing your own fillers.
The SilverTip Marine Epoxy Series from System Three Resins is made up of five, application specific products, designed to make wooden boat building easier and more enjoyable as well as perform better than any other epoxy available today. Gone is the mess and inconsistency of repeated measuring and mixing of powdered fillers. No more blushing and worries about secondary bonding. Our SilverTip kits consist of four products; Laminating Resin, GelMagic adhesive, EZ fillet, and QuickFair.
The kits include all the epoxy and fiberglass listed in our Bill Of Materials.
Our price includes UPS shipping in the continental US.
Our kits contain enough resin and fiberglass to completely finish your boat. The quantities are based not only on our BOM calculations but also on years of experience and feedback from our builders. In many cases, we supply too much resin because it is more economical to buy a large quantity. We also include a 15% waste and you should not run out of resin, However, first time builders may need more resin. Some may want to fiberglass more than what we specify or double the layers. In those cases, more resin may be needed. We sell extra resin and hardener separately at our online store BoatBuilderCentral.com. At BoatBuilderCentral.com you will also find accessories, tools, paint and everything that you may need to customize your kit.
If you bought the plans for this boat or an epoxy-fiberglass trial kit, you received a dicount voucher for up to $50. You can use it for all kits listed at this web site but you must email the voucher number. Simply order a kit through our online order form and type the voucher number in additional information and we will apply the discount to your order.
Our plans show optional foam. To make this boat unsinkable we recommend a 2 gallon kit of our Coast Guards approved buoyancy foam. Each gallon expands to an average of 4 cubic feet. One cubic foot provides 62 lbs. of positive flotation.


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Milwaukee archdiocese files show pressure on Dolan
MILWAUKEE - As the national clergy sex abuse scandal mounted following revelations in Boston in 2002, New York Cardinal Timothy Dolan faced increasing pressure as the archbishop in Milwaukee to cut costs by defrocking problem priests and pushback from his staff when he hesitated, according to newly released records.
Clergy sex abuse victims have harshly criticized Dolan for payments made to at least seven abusive priests who were forced out of the church; they view the money as bonuses given to criminals. The archdiocese has said it long provided money to priests leaving the priesthood as a means of helping them transition into new lives; most were not accused of wrongdoing.
While victims have faulted Dolan for the payments, documents released July 1 show that others in the archdiocese also were pushing to get rid of the priests as a way to ensure that money was focused on caring for victims and church operations. Dolan and others likely saw the payments as a cost-effective way to speed up the priests' departure.
The documents were made public as part of a deal reached in federal bankruptcy court between the archdiocese and victims suing it for fraud.
Archdiocese leaders long struggled with how to deal with abusive priests. Under Dolan's predecessors, Archbishops William Cousins and Rembert Weakland, a number were reassigned to parishes after receiving counseling and treatment for alcoholism and other issues. Weakland, who was archbishop from 1977 to 2002, said in a 2008 deposition that removing the priests wasn't an option back then and restricting their duties didn't turn out well.
"You have somebody sitting there with nothing to do and it gets worse, not better," he said.
After more victims began coming forward in 2002, however, the archdiocese pulled all the priests with verified allegations of sexual abuse of a minor from active ministry. The church, however, was still financially responsible for the men as long as they were priests. A letter to one priest in 2005 puts the cost at $1,250 per month plus insurance and pension premiums.
Under Dolan, who took over in mid-2002, the archdiocese offered deals in 2003 to a half-dozen priests accused of sexual abuse to get them to voluntarily leave the priesthood. The priests received $10,000 when they applied to leave, and $10,000 when the pope officially dismissed them.
A letter to another priest shows Dolan also sweetened the deal by agreeing to continue paying a monthly stipend while the priests' applications to leave were pending.
A key factor was that the departure process, called laicization, involves a lengthy legal process within the church that moves much faster if a priest goes voluntarily. A priest who volunteered to leave might be gone in two years; one who resisted could drag the process out for years. The files include multiple instances of Vatican officials urging church leaders in Milwaukee to get priests to go voluntarily.
Jerry Topczewski, chief of staff for current Archbishop Jerome Listecki, said victims also were demanding the priests' swift removal and the payments sped that along.
The archdiocese didn't push out all the abusive priests, however. Dolan recommended in a 2004 letter to Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI, that some men who were very old or extremely ill be spared expulsion, which he said "could be tantamount to a death sentence." Ratzinger led the office handling clergy sex abuse cases at the time.
Archdiocese staff objected in December 2006, however, when Dolan suggested letting 56-year-old Michael Benham "lead a life of prayer and penance."
Chancellor Barbara Anne Cusack, one of the archdiocese's top officials, and Deacon David Zimprich, a former police officer who had been keeping tabs on priests accused of abuse, wrote back the next day, objecting that Benham wasn't elderly, ill or particularly remorseful.
Zimprich said the archdiocese could end up paying Benham's salary and health insurance costs for more than 20 years.
"What about the physical, emotional, mental and probably spiritual damage he did to his victim(s)? What financial burdens were levied upon them because of his actions?" Zimprich asked.
Benham, a former priest at St. John Nepomuk in Racine, had been accused in 2003 of abuse that started in 1976, when the victim was 11, and continued for four years. The archdiocese reported the allegations to the district attorney, who determined too much time had passed to bring charges, and asked the Vatican office responsible for clergy sex abuse to defrock Benham. But the Vatican office balked when Benham refused to go voluntarily, and Dolan reconsidered.
Cusack urged the archbishop not to take "this step backward."
"How do I honestly look a victim-survivor in the face in mediation and say we are acting consistently with Pope John Paul II's statement that 'there is no place in the priesthood for those who would harm a child'?" if he remained a priest, she wrote.
Cusack also was concerned about the drain Benham would present on the archdiocese's finances.
"I am not sure how we can justify this as "good stewardship" of the resource people have entrusted to us," she wrote, adding later, "How many more people are we going to have to terminate because our finances have been so adversely affected not only by settlements but also by paying unassignable priests? What about the adverse financial effect of the long-term damage to victims-survivors as we have seen with (name deleted from file)?"
The archdiocese had agreed to a nearly $16.7 million settlement with 10 clergy abuse victims in California months earlier. It also was making payments to and paying therapy costs for what it has said are hundreds of victims in Wisconsin.
The archdiocese balanced its books by cutting its staff by about 40 percent in 18 to 24 months, Topczewski said. It also began reducing the abusers' stipends to a level that seemed more in line with the church's obligation to provide "sustenance," he said.
Pope Benedict XVI officially defrocked Benham in August 2008 at Dolan's request. Benham died in February 2012.
Cusack, Zimprich and a spokesman for Dolan didn't immediately respond to phone and email messages requesting comment on the case.
Archdiocese of Milwaukee: http://www.archmil.org/archmil/home.htm
Follow M.L. Johnson on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MLJohnsonOnline.


Self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs), which have long hole spin coherence times and are amenable to optical control schemes, have long been explored as building blocks for qubit architectures. One such design consists of vertically stacking two InAs QDs to create a quantum dot molecule (QDM) and using the spin-mixing properties of "molecule-like" coupled hole states for ultrafast all-optical qubit manipulation. In this article, the first of two papers, we introduce the incorporation of dilute GaBiAs alloys in the barrier region between the two dots. GaBiAs is expected to impact the spin-mixing of the molecular states needed for qubit operations by increasing the valence band edge and spin-orbit splitting in the barrier region. Using an atomistic tight-binding model, we compute the properties of GaBiAs and the modification of hole states that arise when the alloy is used in the barrier of an InAs QDM. An atomistic treatment is necessary to correctly capture non-traditional alloy effects such as the band-anticrossing valence band. It also allows for the study of configurational variances and clustering effects of the alloy. However, hole states are much more sensitive to the presence and configuration of Bi in the barriers. At 10\% Bi, a significant reduction in the energy of confined hole states emerges due to energetic overlap with GaBiAs barrier valence band states. By independently studying the alloy-induced strain and electronic scattering off Bi and As orbitals, we conclude that an initial increase in QDM hole state energy at low Bi concentration is caused by the alloy-induced strain. We further find that the decrease in QDM hole energy at higher Bi concentrations can only be explained when both alloy strain and orbital effects are considered. In our second article, we use the understanding developed here to discuss how the alloyed barriers contribute to enhancement in hole spin-mixing and the implications for QDM qubit architectures.


Varsity had recently dropped the music video for 'Flower'. Now, they have revealed the dance practice. So, check it out below!
Through this dance practice, we get to witness the whole dance choreography without any disruption. Due to that, fans can solely enjoy every movement that is made and watches with amazement as they continue to change their group formation. Every movement made is done with meaning and works well with their track, as well as keeping it interesting. On top of that, since the music is done right at the place, it shows the authenticity of the video. Because of that, their stomp and their shoe squeaking make it that much better to watch.
Their outfits are also on point and show off their casualness. It allows every movement to be distinct and makes it easier to watch. Furthermore, their feet movements are done so smoothly and strongly, especially when they have their hands up in the air, it works so nicely with the intensity of the music.


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Homer High School teacher Francie Roberts, left, looks at gardens being grown by Johann Kallelid, foreground, Robert Dinneen, background, and other students in school's natural resources class.-Photo by McKibben Jackinsky, Homer News
Roberts appointed by governor to commission
By McKibben Jackinsky
Friday, February 15, 2013 4:03pm
NewsHomerHomer High SchoolKenai Peninsula
Homer High School teacher Francie Roberts has been appointed by Gov. Sean Parnell to the Professional Teaching Practices Commission, according to a Jan. 30 press release from the governor's office. Roberts will serve a three-year term that expires March 1, 2016.
"(Roberts) consistently maintains a high level of professionalism and exemplifies personal integrity as a teacher," said Dr. Allan Gee, principal of Homer High School. "(She is) a wise choice for appointment to the PTPC."
Roberts and others appointed by the governor must now be confirmed by the Legislature.
The nine-member commission was established by the 1966 Professional Teaching Practices Act, which provides an avenue for policing ethics and improving standards and practices within the
education profession. It consists of five classroom teachers, one principal, one superintendent, one representative from the Alaska Department of Education and Early Development and one representative from higher education. All members are appointed by the governor.
The commission addresses matters of professional conduct and certification. It is responsible for and has the power to discipline members of the teaching profession, and may issue reprimands and suspensions and may revoke certificates of educators.
Roberts has been teaching for 19 years, all of them at Homer High School. The subjects she teaches are math, which includes calculus, geometry and advanced algebra, and natural resources. Roberts also has served as an adjunct professor for the Kenai Peninsula Community College.
"I worked for 18 years for the National Weather Service in Homer," said Roberts. "I realized I had a talent for teaching and got my teaching certification. Teaching is my second career."
Anyone who has taken the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary's Boating Safety and Seamanship class has benefited from Roberts' ability to combine those two careers.
In addition to teaching, Roberts also serves on the Homer City Council.
Other Kenai Peninsula individuals appointed by the governor were:
• Dr. Darin Bell of Seward to the State Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Board;
• Craig Chapman of Soldotna, finance director for the Kenai Peninsula Borough, to the Alaska State Board of Public Accountancy;
• Grace Merkes of Sterling, former member of the Kenai Peninsula Borough Assembly, to the State Commission for Human Rights. Merkes was originally appointed in February 2003. This is her third reappointment.
"Board and commission service provides an opportunity for Alaskans to impact their government," said Parnell. "I am proud of these individuals, from all regions of our state, who have answered the call to public service. These volunteers will use their experience, talents and vision to serve Alaska and Alaskans, and I am pleased to present their appointments to the Legislature for approval."
McKibben Jackinsky can be reached at mckibben.
jackinsky@homernews.com.
Need is up, so is giving
Support group takes shape to care for those who give care


This week, House Democrats proposed that most of the funding for their health reform plan should come from an income tax surcharge of 1% on those earning between $350,000 and $500,000; 1.5% on those with incomes between $500,000 and $1 million; and 5.4% on those making more than $1 million. Since the surtax is levied on adjusted gross income, it applies to dividends and capital gains even though they are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income.
Former Labor Secretary Robert Reich calls this "the most blatant form of Robin Hood economics ever proposed." An outspoken liberal, Reich meant this as praise.
The Tax Policy Center estimates that about two million taxpayers will have to pay higher taxes under the proposal and that most of the burden will fall on the ultrawealthy. Those in the top 1% of the income distribution would pay 98% of the higher taxes, and 77% of the increased burden would be paid by just the top 0.1% of taxpayers.
According to the Joint Committee on Taxation, the surtax would raise $543.9 billion over 10 years. With the Congressional Budget Office estimating the cost of the health plan at $1,042 billion, this means that taxes on the rich will contribute 52% of the financing. Other taxes included in the proposal raise the total tax contribution to 56%.
The true tax contribution will probably come closer to 100% in the long run because Democrats expect the balance of financing to come from reduced spending on Medicare and Medicaid. The experience of various budget deals of the 1980s and 1990s, however, is that projected spending cuts seldom emerged and the bulk of deficit reduction came from higher taxes. The legislation even anticipates this likelihood by automatically raising the surtax on those with incomes between $350,000 and $1 million in the event that savings targets are not achieved.
A Cato Institute study also points out that projections of spending for Medicare have been chronically low. So even if the proposed savings are actually achieved they will probably be overwhelmed by unexpected health cost increases.
Finally, it should be noted that CBO's estimate greatly understates the true cost of the health plan because it isn't fully effective until 2015. Spending in the first three years of the 10-year forecast window is close to nil but rises very rapidly after 2014, with 20% of the total cost coming in just 2019, the last year estimated.
It's important to remember that the 5.4% surtax will come on top of the already scheduled rise in the top federal income tax rate to 39.6% from 35% at the end of next year. This will result from expiration of the Bush tax cut, which neither he nor the Republican-controlled Congress made any effort to enact permanently. Republicans legislated this tax rate increase back in 2001, and Democrats are simply allowing it to go into effect.
Thus, beginning in 2011, the top federal income tax rate will be 45% if the Democratic proposal is enacted. Many conservatives are predicting economic disaster. The rich, they say, will go on strike as they did in Ayn Rand's apocalyptic novel, Atlas Shrugged. But they said the same thing when Bill Clinton raised the top rate to 39.6% from 31% in 1993, just before the economy took off. Conservatives should also remember that the top rate was 50% as recently as 1986, which didn't prevent the economy from booming in the 1980s.
The truth is that rich people aren't going to suddenly stop working in protest or move to some lower-taxed nation, and the economy isn't going to collapse if they are forced to pay a bit more in taxes. The real problem is that higher tax rates will encourage the wealthy to spend more of their time and resources engaging in tax avoidance rather than making money.
The critical dividing line is 50%. When tax rates are higher than that saving a dollar in taxes is worth more than earning a dollar of income. Although the top rate will still be below that even if the surtax is enacted, when one includes the Medicare tax, which applies to all wages, and state income taxes, the top rate will be well above 50% for many high-income taxpayers. According to the Tax Foundation, the top rate in 39 states plus the District of Columbia will be above 50% in 2011 if the surtax is enacted. Taxpayers in New York City, which has its own income tax, will face a top rate of 58.6%.
When the top federal income tax rate went as high as 70% back in the 1970s, it led to a vast amount of tax sheltering activity. And while some of the more blatant shelters were curtailed in the 1976 and 1986 tax reform bills, many still remain. The reason one doesn't hear about them from one's tax adviser isn't because they disappeared but because they aren't economically viable when the top rate is as low as it has been since 1987.
One technique that will certainly become more popular will be to incorporate oneself. With a corporate tax rate of just 35%, wealthy persons can cut their tax by 10% and have many more opportunities for sheltering income through pensions and the conversion of ordinary income into capital gains or dividends. Although Barack Obama plans to raise the top rate on dividends and capital gains from 15% to 20% (24.5% with the surtax), that is still far better than 45% (47.9% including the Medicare tax).
Unearned income, such as capital gains and dividends, is also free of the Medicare tax, which only applies to wages. People may remember that in 2004 former senator and vice presidential nominee John Edwards was found to have used incorporation to save close to $600,000 in Medicare taxes alone by paying himself a small wage and taking most of his income in the form of untaxed dividends.
Of course, higher tax rates will raise the value of deductions, such as that for mortgage interest. One bright side of this is that it may encourage rich people to overinvest in housing, which could drive up the prices of high-end homes. Companies that sell tax-free municipal bonds can also expect more business in the future.
It almost goes without saying that tax sheltering is socially and economically wasteful. It does nothing to increase the size of the economic pie and is essentially parasitic. It is far better for people with the talent and skill to earn large incomes to concentrate their efforts on ways to earn more by starting new businesses, revitalizing old ones, finding investment opportunities and so on. Spending more time with their accountants and tax lawyers trying to figure out how to keep their money away from the tax collector does nothing to enrich anyone except the accountants and tax lawyers.
As the top rate rises we can expect Congress to create new tax loopholes for their wealthy campaign contributors. No doubt, they will be justified on the grounds of meeting some critical social need, but their effect will be to lower the effective tax rate--the rate that is actually paid--well below the statutory rate. The result will be to further complicate the tax code and bias investment decisions, which will reduce growth.
In the end, it is highly unlikely that the surtax will bring in anything close to the projected revenue. This is almost inevitable because the models used to project the revenue effects of tax increases are largely static and assume that they don't significantly impact on economic behavior.
For example, back in 1989 the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) was asked to estimate the revenue effect of raising the top rate to 100% on all incomes over $200,000. It dutifully calculated that this measure would raise $204 billion in 1990, $232 billion in 1991, $263 billion in 1992, and $299 billion in 1993. Of course, the true revenue yield would have been closer to zero since no one would have realized any taxable income over $200,000 if they didn't have to.
I remain convinced that just down the road major tax increases will be needed to avoid national bankruptcy. When that day comes, it will be harder for Democrats to go back to the same well and demand that all the burden fall upon the wealthy, especially if it is clear by then that the surtax didn't raise nearly as much revenue as expected. Congress will have no choice except to look for ways to tax people who have much more limited opportunities for tax avoidance: those who have only wage income, which means the middle class.
Historically, increases in the top rate have tended to pave the way for higher rates on the middle class. Holding down the top rate in effect places a cap on how high tax rates on the middle class can go. If the top rate rises, higher rates on the middle class probably won't be too far behind.


The following are top voted examples for showing how to use android.widget.ImageView. These examples are extracted from open source projects. You can vote up the examples you like and your votes will be used in our system to generate more good examples.
// check if accessoryView already exists for current cell before creating a new instance.
// get marginRight for accessoryView, DisclosureButton has a different one.


I made a column in sharepoint for people or groups. Using quick parts i then added that into a word template for a content type. when i click edit template eveything works great however if i then go to a make a document from content type template i get "currently Unavailable" where the people picker should be.
to make things more odd i then try to save document into library where it tells me in needs data in the people column and then the people picker works and it lets me save.
Browse other questions tagged sharepoint-server people-picker or ask your own question.


I don't want to use an entire container of red dye. I heard that putting black in helps.
Either of those would work nicely. Be sure to simmer to concentrate the color and cook off water which could dilute your cake too much without adding the color you want.
You can always use beet juice if you are looking for a non-chemical alternative.


We are a User Group of the Risc OS Operating systems and computers which originated from Acorn Computers of the BBC Microcomputer fame and is now a full GUI desktop OS.
The club is based at Gadebridge Community Centre, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England.
We meet each month at 19:30hrs till 22:00hrs - next meeting is 20th May 2019.
New members are welcome from any area, not just Hemel Hempstead so if you used Acorn computers at school or had a BBC Micro and would like to see what modern options there are for Risc OS or are using a Raspberry Pi with Risc OS, come along and join in.
The club is non profit making, entrance fees are used for building rental and sundry expenses. £4.00 per evening, (refreshments supplied free) or club membership at £9.00 for 3 months, in advance.
Should you wish to contact the club organisers Please use the "Contact Us" tab giving us your email address and your name.


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The Wiawaka bateaux are a cluster of shipwrecks in Lake George, New York State. The seven British and colonial bateaux were scuttled in 1758 during the French and Indian Wars, with the intention of recovery in 1759. This never happened, and their wrecks were discovered between 1963 and 1964 by archaeological diver Terry Crandall, working under the auspices of the Adirondack Museum. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

References

Shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Shipwrecks of New York (state)
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A Portland, Maine Landmark is Coming Down – Say Goodbye to the Greyhound Mural
Jeff Parsons
Jeff Parsons Published: November 30, 2021
Sometimes hard choices have to be made, and that's the case with this long-time Portland Landmark at the corner of Congress and St. John Street.
Since at least the 1970's, the red and blue Greyhound Bus logo has been painted on the brick wall of the building that has been home to Pizza Villa for over 50 years. It has greeted many people traveling into Portland's downtown by bus or car and is as much a part of Portland as the Time and Temperature sign.
The bus station has been closed for several years but the mural remains in a part of Portland that has stayed relatively undeveloped since Union Station was torn down and replaced with a strip mall in 1961. The bus station was built that same year, likely in response to the end of passenger rail service.
The building however has fallen into disrepair. According to the Portland Press Herald, the mural is actually painted on what used to be an interior wall of a building that was demolished and the mural itself has caused water to seep into the brick making it structurally unsound and it needs to come down.
The building is now owned by Maine Health which acquired it when planning the massive expansion of Maine Medical Center. They plan to rebuild the wall and have a new mural painted on it. But will it be the Greyhound logo once again? That remains to be seen.
If you ask me, Maine Health should do what the owners of the Time and Temperature building did in 1999 when the sign atop the building needed to be replaced. The technology was more modern, but it still resembled the original Time and Temp sign that had been there since 1964. Paint a new mural with the Greyhound logo. Sure, the bus station is no longer there, but like the Time and Temp sign, it's just one of those things that makes Portland feel like home.
Here's What Portland Looked Like 100 Years Ago
READ MORE: 10 Stores That No Longer Exist in Maine But We Wish Still Did
Source: A Portland, Maine Landmark is Coming Down – Say Goodbye to the Greyhound Mural
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